Voprosy ėkonomiki: 8/1981 Avgust [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9783112623060

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CM., HanpuMep, B. H. II e H H H, IlojiHoe coöpaHHe coiHHeHHH, T. 36, crp. 174; 173, 261. 283. B. H. J l e H H H , rio^Hoe coöpaHHe COHHHGHHÍÍ, T. 36, erp. 300.

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40

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Cm. H. M. P H M a u i e B C K a H , O. Jl. P o r o ö a , MeTOÄO^orHHecKHe Bonpocbi hccjieÄOBaHHH cöepeÄeHHft Hace^eHHH («SKOHOMHKa h MaTeMaTHHecKHe m c t o ä h » , 1974 r., t . X , Bbin. 5 ) ; O . J l . P o r o B a , .UeHejKHoe oöpameHHe h KpaTKOcpcwHbiü KpeiiHT. H3ÄaTe^bCTBo «CHHaHCbi», 1 9 7 8 r. 7 B pa3BHTOM BHÄe 3Ta HÄea n p e a n o j i a r a e T He npocTo HaxostaeHHe paBHOBecHoro nepHoaa, a onpeaejieHiie ofiieKTHBHux ycjiOBHH äJih opMHpoBaHHH HeoöxoÄHMbix pa3MepoB cfíepexeHHH b pa3Hbie ne-puoAbi. 8 B 3K0H0MHiecK0fi jHTepaType cymecTByeT h apyrasi 6JiH3Kasi s t o ö ToqKa 3peHHH Ha OÖteKTHBHOCTb TeHAßHUHÖ (JjOpMHpOBaHHH CÖ6pe>K6HHH. BOT, HanpHMep, STO nO 3TOMy n0B0Äy riHiueT A. H. BopoHOB: « M o ä h o nojiaraTb, KaeT pocT aeHescHbix ä o x o ä o b , s t o npeBumeHHe cjieayeT cíHTaTb pe3yjibTaTOM HeyAOBJieTBopeHHoro c n p o c a » (A. H. B o p o H O B , M ê t o a h onpe^e^eHHa oömero oßteMa cnpoca Hace^eHna Ha TOBapbi. M., 3aoqHbift HHCTHTyT coBeTCKOH ToproBjiH, 1 9 7 5 r., CTp. 5 6 ) . 9 «iloporocToamHe TOBapu» hjih «KpynHbie noKynKH» s t o Tanne TOBapu, npnoöpeTeHHe KOTopbix TpeöyeT npeaBapHTejibHoro HaKonjieHHSi ÄeHer b TeneHne p n ^ a jieT. 10 Cm., HanpHMep, ynoMHHaBUiyioca Bbiine paöoTy B . PaKHTCKoro h Äp. 6

B. pyTrAH3EP, A. BOKOB, B. OPJIOB

80

ca 06pa30BaHHH cfiepeJKeHHñ. O c H O B H a n npe^nocbiJiKa peKOMeHAyeMbix MOFLEJIEÑ HCXO^HT H3 HeH3MeHnocTH caMHx napaMeTpOB MOABJIH, HTO, no cym e c T B y , 03HanaeT Hei-i3MeHHocTb C B H 3 e ñ M e » a y ¿iHHaMHKOH c6epe>KeHHft h onpeaeJiaioiHHMH ee cjjaKTopaMH. BMecTe c Teiu onbiT noKa3biBaeT, ITO (j)aKTHHCCK3J? CBH3b MeHífly 3THMH nOKa33TeJIHMH CO BpeMeHeM MOAH^JHUHpyeTca (HanpHMep, noa BJIHHHHCM CTpyKTypHbix cflBnroB B cocTaBe aeHeJKHbix pacxoflOB). J\JIN YJETA STOH OCO6CHHOCTH MOJKCT ÓBITB NPEAJIOÍKEHA MOJEJIB, B OCHOBe KOTOPOÍÍ JIEIKHT CONOCTABJIEHHE cpeaHeflyuieBbix AAHHUX o cfiepejKeHHHX HacejieHHH H ^ a K T o p o B , onpeaejiHioiiXHX HX 06PA30BAHHE B OTFLEJIBHHX coio3Hbix p e c n y g j i H K a x . NPHHUHNNAJIBHO HOBHM B STOÍÍ MOJEJIH HBJIAETCH TO, QTO OHa B OTJiHHHe OT cymecTByiomHx Moaejieft 'CÓEPEJKEHHH, 0CH0BaHHHX H a o 6 p a 6 o T K e AAHHBIX BpeMeHHÚx PAAOB, pacKpbiBaeT PERHOHAJIBHBIE ocofieHHocTH, CKJIAFLBIBAROMHECH B npouecce (J)OPMHPOBAHHH C6EPE«EHHH HACEJIEHHEM PA3JIIIMHBIX COIO3HHX pecnyóJiHK. TeM c a M H M 0KA3BIBAETCA B03M0JKHHM NPHBJIE^B HOByiO HH(J)OpMaiIHK) Ü.JIH OUeHKH yCJIOBHÜ 0 6 p a 3 0 B a HHH CÓEPEJKEHHH B NAXÍJOM KOHKPETHOM r o a y OT^ERAORO nepHoaa. B03M0^ÍH0CTB NPHMEHEHHH ME>KPECNY6JIHKAHCKOH HHKeHHHMH H pacxo,aaMH H a TOBapbi H y c j i y r H . IloCKOJIbKy JKe MOflH(J)HKaUHH 3TOTO COOTHOlIieHHH paCCM3TpHBaiOTCH KaK 3aBHcnmue B OCHOBHOM O T cflBHroB B CTpyKType noKynaTejibCKoro c n p o c a , STO flaeT B03M0>KH0CTb OU,eHHTb 06T>eKTHBH0 HeoóxoflHMbiñ ypoBeHb c ó e p e m e H H H , H3MeHeHHe KQTopo'ro O T p a ^ a e T 3aK0H0MepHbie npoueccbi B p 3 3 B h t h h noTpeÓJieHHH. n p H M e p o M npaKTHqecKoro Hcn0Jib30BaHHH STOH MoaejiH cjiy«ai npon3BeaeHHbie HaMH sKcnepHMeHTajibHbie pacneTbi, no3BojiHiomHe ycTaHOBHTb B3aHMocBH3b Me>K,ny npHpocTOM c6epe>KeHHH BO BKJiaflax H pacxo^aMH HacejieHHH Ha floporocToniiiHe TOBapbi. EÍKEROAHBIE BKJIAABI HacejieHHH C C C P B cóeperaTejibHbie Kaccbi c 1959 no 1977 r. B03POCJIN B 10 pa3. CPE^HEROFLOBOH TEMN npHpocTa cpeaNEAYUIEBBIX BKJIAAOB 3 a STOT nepHoa COCTABHJI 1 4 % OQEBHFLHO, h t o CTOJIB BbicoKHe TEMNBI HAKONJIEHHH AEHEJKHBIX C6EPE5KEHHH OTPAJKAIOT coBpeMeHHbie O C O Ó C H H O C T H PA3BHTHH noKynaTeJibCKoro cnpoca HacejieHHH, oaHOH H3 KOTOpblX HBJIHeTCfl YBEJIHHEHHE FLOJIH nOKynOK flOpOrOCTOHIHHX TOBaPOB. T a K , npn pocTe o 6 m e r o OÓ-BEMA po3HHMHoro TOBapooóopoTa C C C P 3a 1959—1977 rr. B 3,2 pa3a pacxoflbi HACEJIEHHA HA KpynHbie nonynKH yBe.IHIHJIHCB B 6,3 pa3a. B TO >Ke BPEMH H3MEHEHHE CTpyKTypbi noKynaTejibCKoro c n p o c a HACEJIEHHH HE EAHHCTBEHHAH NPNQHHA CTOJIB 6biCTporo pocTa AEHEHÍHBIX BKJIAAOB B cóeperaTejibHbix Kaccax. B NOC^E^HEE BpeMH ycHjiHJLOCb BJIHHHHe Ha 3TH NPOUECCBL CKJiaflbIBaiOmHXCH COOTHOUieHHH ME»ÍAY n o KynaTeJibCKHM cnpocoM H NPE¿jiOHKeHHH TOBapoB H n j i a T Hbix y c j i y r O T M a c c o B o r o H I U H P O K O M A C M T A Ó H O R O noBbimeHHH A E H E M H B I X A O X O A O B HacejieHHH. B CBoe BpeMsr B n o j m e onpaBflaHHoe cTpeMJieHHe o ó e c n e i H T b y c n j i e H H e CTHMyjiHpoBaHHH pa3BHTHH M a T e p H a j i b H o r o np0H3B0ACTBa n y T e M y c K o p e HHa.ppCTa AeHeKHblX AOXOAOB BbIpa3HJIOCb B AOBOJIbHO pe3KOM H3MeHeHHH COOTHOUieHHH B pOCTC 3apa60TH0H njiaTbl H npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTH T p y A a . T a n , n o HaiiiHM p a c q e T a M , c o o T H o n i e H H e o n j i a T b i T p y A a B MaTepnajibHOM npOH3BOACTBe H npOH3BOAHTeJlbHOCTH OÓmeCTBeHHOrO T p y A a nOBbICHJIOCb B BocbMOH nHTHJieTKe n o cpaBHeHHio c c e A b M o ñ He MeHee i e M Ha 15 nyHKTOB. n o A O Ó H o e H3MeHeHHe n p o n o p i m ñ p o c T a 3 a p a 6 0 T H 0 H njiaTbi H np0H3B0AHTeJibHocTH T p y A a T p e f i o B a j i o A J I H coxpaHeHHH c6ajiaHCHp0BaHH0CTH c n p o c a H npeAJIOJKeHHH JIHÓO COOTBeTCTByjOLUHX CflBHrOB B HCn0JIb30B3HHH H3UH0H a ^ b H o r o A o x o A a B i i o A b 3 y (j)OHAa n o T p e ó j i e H H H , J I H Ó O 0TH0CHTejibH0r0 3aMeAJieHHH TeMnoB p o c T a AeHe>KHbix BbinjiaT H3 o ó m e c T B e H H b i x (JJOHAOB n o TpeóJieHHH. O A H 3 K O 4>aKTHHecKH A O J I H HauHOHajibHoro A 0 X 0 A a , H c n o j i b 3 y e Man Ha noTpeSjieHHe, c o K p a T H j i a c b c 7 3 , 7 % B 1965 r . AO 7 0 , 5 % B 1970 r . 1 3 . MTO K a c a e T c a AeHejKHbix BbinJiaT H3 o ó m e c T B e H H b i x 4>OHAOB n o T p e ó í i e H H a , TO, n o HaiiinM o u e H K a M , TeMn HX p o c T a 3a 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 r r . OKa3a¿ica Ha 2 0 nyHKTOB Bbime, neM 3a n p e A b i A y m y i o nHTHjieTKy. B c e STO B KOHeMHOM c i e T e onpeAejiH.no o c o S e m i o c T H cpaBHHTejibHoñ AHHaMHKH AeHe>KHblX AOXOAOB H paCXOAOB HaceJieHHH B 3 T O T nepHOA, Bbipa3HBUIHXCfl B H B jieHHHX HeyAOBAeTBOpeHHoro c n p o c a H yBejiHqeHHH p a 3 M e p o B H36biTOHHbix c6epe«íeHHH. IlpaBOMepHOCTb T a K o r o 06'bHCHeHHH noATBepHKeHHH H pacxoAOB Ha KpynHbie

noKynKH 12

OKa3biBaeT

BJiHHHHe

pHA

B. A. B O J I K O H C K H Ü , JO. n . C o J o M0fleJiHp0BaHH5i fleHeKHbix cfiepejKeHHíi HaceJieHHa CM.

T O A H » , T. X I I , Bbin. 3, 1976 r . ) . 13 üaHHbie B3HTH H3 «OraTHCTHiecKoro

(J)aKTopoB:

esceroAHHKa CTpaH — MH^ecKoil B3aHMonoMomH, 1979». M., 1979 r., CTp. 48.

6. «Bonpocbi 3K0HOMHKH» W9 8.

H3MeHeHHe

nejieBofl

B b e B, H. B. C e M e H o B a, Bonpocw («3KOHOMHK3 H MaTeMaTHiecKne Me-

iJieHOB CoBeTa

3KOHO-

82

B. pyTTAH3EP, A. BOKOB, B. OPJIOB

CTpyKTypu c6epeHKAOM 3Tane KOHKpeTHOH ueJIH HaKanjiHBaHHH AeHeíKHbix cpeACTB; H3MeHeHHe cpeAHHx CPOKOB HaKonJieHHa cóepe^eHHH AJIH oóecneneHHH onpeAejieHHbix BHAOB pacxoflOB; pa3BHTHE

NOTPEÓHTEJIBCKORO

H AEHE>KHORO

KPEFLHTOB

HacejieHHH.

ECJIH

STH

yCJIOBHfl OCTaiOTCH HeH3MeHHbIMH, COOTHOUieHHe AOJl>KHO 6bITb 6JIH3KHM K 1. B npHHunne MOJKHO nocTpoHTb MOAejib, yraTbiB3ioiuyio BJIHHHHG Bcex nepeHHCJieHHbix (JjaKTopoB Ha AHH3MHKy cooTHouieHHS TeMnoB npnpocTa pacxoflOB Ha KpynHbie NOKYNKH H CÓEPE^eHHH. HMeHHO B STOM CJIY^ae noaBHJiaCb 6bl B03M0JKH0CTb HaHÓOJiee OÓ-beKTHBHO OUeHHBaTb B IlJiaHOBOM nepnofle o ó t e M H36biTOtiHbix cóepe^eHHH. 3HaHHTejibHbiíí HHTepec npeACTaBJiaeT oueHKa K a x A o r o OTAeJibHO B3HToro (JiaKTopa, BJiHaioiuero Ha npHBeaeHHoe Bbirne cooTHomeHHe. ECJIH uejieBaH CTpyKTypa c6epe»eHHH B njiaHOBOM nepnoAe He H3MeHHTCH H nocTOHHHbiMH 0CT3HyTCH cpeAHHe cpoKH HaKoiuieHHH, MOJKeT 6biTb n o j i y i e H a npHÓjiHjKeHHaa oueHKa 06-beKTHBH0 HeoóxoAHMbix cóepesceHHñ, KOTopyro MOKHO Hcn0Jib30B3Tb Ha STane npeflBapHTejibHoro O6OCHOB3HHH Hanfiojiee KpynHbix sjieMeHTOB njiaHOBoro óajiaHca aeHescHbix AOXOAOB H pacxoAOB HacejieHHH Ha nnTHJieTKy. T a n a s B03M0JKH0CTb noHBJifleTCH B CBH3H c TeM, ITO Ha npoTHxeHHH nHTHjieTHero nepnoAa He MoryT pe3KO H3MeHHTbCH uejieBaa CTpyKTypa cóepeíKeHHH H cpeAHHe cpoKH HaKonjieHHH. I l p n STOM ecTecTBeHHOH OCHOBOH onpeaeJieHHH pa3MepoB O6t>6KTHBHO Heo6xoAHMoro poCTa cóepexeHHH B njiaHOBOM nepnoAe cJiyjKHT H3yneHHe CTaTHcrHqecKHX 3aK0H0MepH0CTeñ, xapaKTepH3yiomHx n p o u e c c 06pa30BaHHH c6epe»eHHH B npeAnJiaHOBOM nepnoAe. ZUh Toro, qTofibi npeacTaBHTb, IOKHM 06pa30M MOJKeT paccqHTbiBaTbCH HeoóxoAHMbiñ pocT c6epe>KeHHH B njiaHOBOM nepHOAe, npHBeAeM npHMep Hcn0Jib30BaHHH cooTBeTCTByiomeH MOAejiH a j i h oiieHKH AHHaMHKH c6epe>KeHHH B npomeAiiiHe nepnoAbi. ripeAnojio>KHM, ITO Tpe6yeTca oueHHTb xapaiKeHHH H KpynHbix noKynoic 6bi;io 6JIH3KO K 1, a B 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 i r . c6epeJKeHHH yBejIHHHBajIHCb 3HaqHTe.nbHO ÓbICTpee. ECAH CMHTaTb, MTO npou.ecCbi 0TH0CHTejibH0r0 ABHJKeHHH c6epe>KeHHH H pacxoAOB B nepBOM c j i y u a e ÓbIJIH ÓJ1H3KHMH K «HOpMajIbHblM», TO, HA» B OÓpaTHOM nOpHAKe, MO>KHO OIIpeAeAHTb Mepy HapyuieHHH yKa3aHHbix nponopuHH B 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 i r . O i c i o A a MOJKCT SbiTb n o j i y i e H a oueHKa H36biToqHoro (no OTHomeHHio K yBeAHueHHio KpynHbix pacxoAOB) pocTa c6epe»eHHH HacejieHHH. H c n o j i b 3 y a rHnoTe3y o «HopMajibHOM» 0TH0CHTejibH0M ABHJKeHHH pacxoAOB H c6epe>KeHHH B 1 9 7 1 — 1 9 7 7 rr., c noMombio MeTOAa MexcpecnyÓAHK3HCKHX COnOCTaBJieHHH MOHÍHO nOCTpOHTb MOAeAb RJISI OUeHKH H36bITOMHHX c6epe»eHHH B 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 rr. 06IU3H cxeM3 (JJOPMHPOBAHHH TaKoñ MOAejiH MoaceT BbirjiHAeTb cjieAyiouiHM 0ópa30M. PlepBbiH STan pacneTOB, CBH33HHHX C oópafíoTKoñ AaHHbix O cóepeníeHHHX B perHOHajibHOM p33pe3e, COCTOHA B perpeccHOHHOM 3HajiH3e B03AeñCTBHH pHAa nepeMeHHbix H3 H3MeHeHHe npnpocT3 cóepe^ceHHH AJIH KS^AOro roA3 3T3n3 1 9 7 1 — 1 9 7 7 rr. Elpn STOM B Ks^ecTBe He33BHCHMOH nepeMenHOH BbiCTynaji cpeAHeAyuieBoñ o6-beM npnpocTa BKASAOB B cóeperaTeAbHbix K a c c s x B pa3pe3e COH33HHX pecnyó^HK. H x H3MeHeHHe (J)HKCHpoBajiocb B 33BHCHMOCTH OT ypOBHH HaKOnJieHHH JIHMHOrO HMymeCTB3 HSCeJieHHH, KOJIHqecTB3 neHCH0Hep0B (B psc'ieTe HS 100 « H T e j i e ñ ) , cpeAHeAyuieBoñ BeAH^HHH TOB3poo6opoTa H ero npHpocTa. B KOHeqHOM c i e T e AOCTaTOiHO npneMJieMblMH 0K333JIHCb yp3BHeHHJ! perpeCCHH, 0Tp3«C3K)IUHe H3MeHeHHe epeAHeAymeBoro npnpocT3 cSepe^íeHHfl B 33BHCHMOCTH OT BejiHiHHbi TOB3poo6opoT3 ( x j ) HJIH e r o npHpocTa (x 2 ) TaK>Ke B cpeAHeM Ha A y u i y HacejieHHH. Bbiji noJiyiieH H36op yp3BHeHHH, xapaKTepH3yioiuHX H3MeHeHHe npHpocTa CÓepemeHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT yK333HHHX ^aKTOpOB. ÍÍ3Jiee, B 33BHCHM0CTH OT BpeMeHH Bbip3BHHB3JiHCb napaMeTpbi yp3BHeHHñ perpeccHH, xapaKTepH3yromHe AHHaMHKy c6epeJKeHHñ KaK 4>yHKUHio pocTa TOB3poo6opoT3.

IIP0rH03HP0BAHHE flEHEHCHblX CEEPEJKEHHH HACEJIEHHH

83

H c n o J i b 3 y a noJiyueHHbie 3aBHCHMOCTH, MOJKHO n o c T p o H T b ypaBHeHHe p e r p e c c H H , O T p a j K a r o m e e H3MeHeHHe ypoBHíi o ó t e K T H B n o HeH3Óe>KHbix c 6 e p e ^ e H H H AJIH p a c c M a T p H B a e M o r o n e p H o a a Kan (J)yHKiiHK) p o c i a TOBapo-

oóopoTa: S ( = 1 9 , 9 3 + 0 , 8 8 5 f + ( 0 , 0 6 5 1 + 0,0011) - x i ( t ) ,

(1)

r a e St — oG^eKTHBHO HeH36eJKHbiñ y p o B e H b « K e r o A H b i x npnpocTOB c ó e p e jKeHHH Ha a y r n y HacejieHHH B t r o a y ; x\ — T O B a p o o ó o p o T Ha A y r n y H a c e ^ e HHH B t r o a y . O FIOFLCTABJIHH B AAHHOE YPABHEHHE COOTBETCTBYIOMHE 3HAQEHHH H X\ ( T ) , MOWHO oueHHTb c6epe>KeHHH, 0 6 p a 3 0 B a B m H e c í í B p e 3 y j i b T a T e H a p y meHHH cooTBeTCTBHH c n p o c a n p e f l J i o ^ e H H i o c 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 i r . H x Be^iHiHHa M o m e T 6biTb n o j i y n e H a KaK c y M M a pa3H0CTeñ Me>Kfly ({jaKTHHecKH CJIOJKHBUJHMHCH BejIHHHH3MH e>KerOflHbIX c6epe>KeHHH H OÓ-beKTHBHO H e H 3 6 e » H b I M H npHpOCT3MH BKJiaflOB. O a h 3 k o B T a K o r o p o a a p a c i e T a x Mbi a 6 c T p a r H p o B a j i H C b OT T o r o , ^ t o HapymeHHH B cooTHomeHHH c n p o c a H npefljiojKeHHH nponcxoAHJiH H 3a n p e a e j i a M H p a c c M a T p H B a e M o r o S T a n a ( 1 9 6 5 — 1 9 7 0 r r . ) . HecoMHeHHO, «paBHOBecHbie» 3 T a n u T a n a t e xapaKTepH3yiOTCH HapyiueHHeM cooTHomeHHH c n p o c a H npefljio>KeHHH H 06pa30BaHHeM H36biTOiHbix c6epe>KeHHH. B wacTHOCTH, o^eBHfleH TOT KeHHH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT p a c n p e A e j i e H H H KpynHbix n o K y n o K n o coio3HbiM p e c n y f í j i H K a M . HMEHHO noaTOMy ypaBHeHHe p e r p e c c H H , (JJHKCHp y i o m e e ycjioBHH 06pa30BaHHH c 6 e p e » e H H H B 1972 r., 6 H A O n0Ji0>KeH0 B ocHQBy A a j i b H e ñ u i H x pacneTOB. r i p n STOM HaAO ncxoAHTb H3 T o r o , HTO y c 14 H3 paccMOTpeHHH 6biJi HCKJiioieH nepBbifl « p a B H O B e c H b i ñ » 3Tan (1959—1964 rr.), nOCKOJlbKy B 3TH rOAbi 06pa30BaHHe H3ÓbITOHHHX cSepejKeHHH 6hIJ10 H63Ha4HT6JIbHbIM.

84

B. PYTRAH3EP, A. BOKOB, B. OPJIOB

1972 r. Jiymiie B.cero cooTBeTCTByioT rnnoTe3e 4>opMHpoBaHHH o6i>eKHeofíxoAHMoro ypoBHH cóepejKeHHH AAH Bcero aTana. üoflóop CfyHKUHH, OnHCblBaroiUHX H3MeHeHHe ypOBHH BKJiaAOB B 1972 r. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BblfipaHHblX t|)3KT0p0B, OCymeCTBAHJICH HCXOflH H3 CTaHflapTHbix KpHTepneB. Hanfiojiee npneMJieMOH 0Ka3a./iacb JiHueHHaH (f>opM a ypaBHeHHH perpeccHH (y = a0 + a¡Xi + CI2X2): JIOBHH B THBHO

51972= —20,07 +0,0485*,+ 0,3950*2.

(2)

r^e S — npHpocT BKjiaAOB B cóeperaTejibHbix Kaccax Ha ayiuy Hace^eHHH; *i — po3HHqHbiH TOBapooóopoT Ha Ayiny HacejieHHH; x¡ — npHpocT po3HHHHoro TOBapooóopoTa Ha Ayiuy HacejieHHH. 3 T O ypaBHeHHe HMeeT CTaTHCTHiecKHñ CMHCJI npn K AeTepMHHaiiHH — 0,818; d CTaTHCTHKa XUpSHHa-YoTCOHS—1,9. CorjiacHo KoacjxJwuHeHTy AeTepMHHaiíHH Hcnojib3yeMbie nepeMeHHbie — cpeAHeAymeBoñ oó'beM TOB3pooóopoTa H ero npHpocT 3a TOA n03B0jiHi0T o6T>HCHHTb 6ojiee 8 0 % B c e x H3MeHeHHH B npHpocTe cfíepe^eHHH. ü p H STOM pac^eTHbie 3HaMeHHH npnpoCTa cfíepexceHHH, nojiyqeHHbie c noMombío yKa3aHHbix ypaBHeHHH, He3HaqHTejIbHO OTJIHqaiOTCH OT (JjaKTHHeCKH CJIOJKHBIIIHXCH B 1972 r. OTKJiOHeHHe cocTaBJineT npHMepHo 10% 3KTHMecK0H BejiHMHHbi npnpocTa c6epe>KeHHH B 3T0M roAy. JXJIH AajibHeHiiiHx pac^eTOB noxpeóoBajiocb Tan cKoppeKTHpoBaTb nojiyqeHHoe ypaBHeHHe perpeccHH, mo6bi ycTpaHHTb a 3Ty HeH36e>Knyio B pac^eTax pa3HHuy. TaK3H KoppeKTHpoBKa 6biJia CAeJiaHa c noMombío yTOHHeHHH napaMeTpa a0, K O T O p b i ñ , no HarneMy M H e H H i o , yjiaBAHBaeT BjiHHHHe Bcex npoiHX He yiTeHHHX B pacueiax 4>aKTopoB. B pe3yjibTaTe yKa3aHHO0 KOppeKTHpOBKH ÓbIJIH nOJiy^eHbl HOBbie XapaKTepHCTHKH ypaBHeHHH perpeccHH 3a BbiSpaHHbiñ TOA: 5*1972= — 2 2 , 3 1 + 0,0485*,+ 0,3950*2.

(3)

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HO-TexHHqecKoro h npoH3Bo;icTBeHHoro noTeHUHajis, M a r e p H s j i b H b i x , (JÌHHSHCOBblX H TpyAOBblX p e C y p C O B CTp3H C0UH3JIHCTHHeCK0r0 C O A p y j K e C T B a B u e JlUX pemeHHH OÓIUHMH yCHJIHHMH n p o f i j i e M HHTeHCH(J)HKailHH 3KOHOMHK...» T s k h m o 6 p 3 3 0 M , T B o p H e c K o e p a 3 B H T H e CHCTeMbi o n e p e j K e H H Ì i b n p o u e c ce c o u H 3 J i H C T H q e c K o r o _ BOCiipOH3BO£CTBa 0 6 0 C H 0 B b i B 3 e T n y T H ^ y n m e n c 6 a ji3HCHp0B3HH0CTH s k o h o m h k h , o6ecneneHHH y c T Q H ' i H B o r o , n o c T y n s T e j i b H o r o P33BHTHH H 3 p 0 f l H 0 r 0 X03HHCTB3 H3 OCHOBe e r o BCeCTOpOKHeH HHTeHCH(j)HKaiìhh, n o ^ e M s OTpacjieH, b Koxopbix HenocpeacTBeHHO np0H3B0flHTCH n p e a MeTbi H a p o A H o r o n o T p e f i j i e H H H . C n c T e M a o n e p o K e H H H , e e r n Ó K o e n c n o ^ b 3 o BaHHe n p e a c T a B J i a e T c o 6 o h HenpeMeHHbifi (JjaKTOp c o 3 f l a H H S J i y i u i H x y c j i o BHH flJIH BCeCTOpOHHerO pa3BHTHH JIHHHOCTH, paUHOHajIbHOrO H C n 0 ^ b 3 0 B a h h h p a ó o q e r o BpeMeHH, o S j i e r n e H H H T p y ^ a , a ^ a Bbic0K0np0H3B0AHTejibH0H H TBOpneCKOH paÓOTbl. ZlHHaMHIHOe C O U H a j I H C T H i e C K O e BOCnpOH3BOACTBO, o p r a H H q e c K H B3aHMOCBH33HHbiH KOMiuieKC e r o T e M n o B h n p o n o p u H H o 6 e c n e MHBSIOT B03MO»HOCTb nOCTeneHHOrO npeOAOJieHHH CymeCTBeHHblX p33JIHHHH M e ^ A y r o p o a o M h A e p e B H e f l , yMCTBeHHbiM h (})H3HqecKHM T p y a o M , n p e B p s meHHH s r p s p H o r o T p y a a b pa3H0BHAH0CTb T p y n a H H A y c T p H a j i b H o r o , c o B e p UieHCTBOBaHHH COUHa^bHOH C T p y K T y p b l O Ó m e C T B a .

B. BbizodcKuü,

O

Jl. MucbKeeuH,

n E P H O Ä H 3 A U H H H A A

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rr.

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HOMHqecKoro Tpyaa M a p K c a (nepBbie TpH KHHTH — TeopeTHqecKan l a c T b , qeTBepTaa K H H r a — HCTOpHH TeopHH), H OH npHCTynnji K peajiH3auHH CBOHX HaMepeHHH. BbiacHHTb aeñcTBHTe^bHyio nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb paóoTbi M a p K c a Haa reopeTHqecKoS qacTbio « K a n H T a j i a » — 3h3hht pejibeOBKe I KHHTH, KOTopaa cocTaBHJia I TOM « K a n H T a j i a » , BbimeAiunft B CBCT B ceHTHÖpe 1867 r. 1

K. M a p K c h . 3 h r e Ji b c, Coi., t. 31, cTp. 112.

7. «Bonpocbl 3K0H0MHKH» Ks 8,

98

B. BbirOflCKHH, JI. MHCbKEBHH,

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B 1863—1867

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paôOTbi

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1867

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a

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1862

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ee

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«KanuraA»,

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«KannTajia» — B 26, 47

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1863—1865

ero

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1867

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2.

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flo^ÄHoe

b' psôoqyio

III;

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rr.

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pemnji

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1865

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1861—1863

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npnuieji

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1863—1865

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2 H. B O J I Ä B I P E ß , P a ö o T a K . Mapnca HSÄ «KanHTajioM» B 1863—1867 rr. pocbl 9K0H0MHKH» JVfe 2, 1980 T., CTp. 3 4 ) . 3 T a M »e, CTp. 29. 4 K. M a p K c H . S H r e J i b c , Ç o i . , T. 30, CTp. 527.

(«Bon-

99

O nEPH0flH3AIÍHH PAEOTbl K. MAPKCA HAfl «KAÖHTAJIOM»

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K H B I X M — T H T—JX. C Apyroñ C T O P O H B I , HeCMOTPA Ha T O , H T O H nHiny U , E J I B I M H A H H M H , ßejio Bce J K E RIOABHRAETCH HE T3K

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r., CBH^ETEJIBCTBYET «KanHTajia»8.

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B

neqara

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H AEKAÓPIO

MapKca

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TOM, TAKJKE

HTOÔW H

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r., a T A K J K E anperïpoôjieMaMH ôyayme-

1864

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paôoTbi

npoaejiaHHofi M a p K C O M K STO My B P E M E H H , C B H ^ E T E J I B C T B Y E T NHCBMO >KEHBI MapKca S H r e j i b c y , HanHcaHHoe B K O H U E H o n ó p H 1 8 6 4 r . : « B b i He N P E ^ C T A B J I H E T E ceôe, K A K ycneuiHO y Hero E CŒMOM DENE NOABHRA9 jiacb nepenHCKa K H H T H . Y ^ K E r o T O B a K N E G A R A u e j i a n T H J K E J I A N K H n a » . B T O xce B P E M H 3HAIHTEJIBH0 p a c i u n p H j i a c b A E H T E J I B H O C T B MapKca K A K B O » Ä H MHpoBoro n p o j i e T a p n a T a : B K O H U E 1 8 6 4 H nepBoñ nojioBHHe 1 8 6 5 r . MapKc ÔYKBAJIBHO PA3PBIBAJICH MEJKAY «KanHTajioM» H M E J K A Y H A P O A H B I M TOBAPNMECTBOM P a 6 o < m x » . « . . . H A E Ñ C T B H T E J I B H O neperpyHceH p a ö o T o ß , — 1

«KanHTajia»,

nncaji KA

OH 3HREJIBCY

KHHRH,

a

C

1 MAN

Apyroñ—

1865

r . , — TAK

MEJKAYHAPOAHOE

HH peUIHTejIbHO Bce B p e M H »

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C OAHOH

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H a o ó t e K T paéoTbi M a p K c a yKa3biBaeT H e r o nHCbMo SHREJIBCY OT 3 1 HIOJIH 1 8 6 5 r.: «MTO x e KacaeTcn Moefi paöOTbi, TO a x o i y cKa3aTb Te6e 06 3T0M BCK>, KaK ecTb, iHCTyio n p a B A y . O c T a j i o c b HanncaTb em,e TpH TJiaBH, íTOÓbi 3aKOHHHTb T e o p e T H q e c K y i o qacTb (nepBHe 3 KHHrH)»11. I l o nHCbMy M a p K c a S H r e j i b c y OT 19 a B r y c T a , B KOTopoM ynoMHHaioTCH 5 K. M a p K C H S H r e J i b c , Coi., T. 30, crp. 297. AHaji«3 yKa3aHHofl TAÖJIHUU, TAK ace KAK H npHMbiKaromeft K Heft Ta6jiHu,H O. KeH3, coAepstHTCH B Äßyx nocjieÄHHX ( X X I I H X X I I I ) TeTpaA^x pyKonacH 1861—1863 IT. (CM. K. M a p s c H O. 9 H r e j i b c , Coi., T. 26, q. I, CTp.383—385; T. 48, CTp. 160—166). 6 K- M a p K c H . S H r e j i b c , Coi., T. 30, CTp. 302. 7 TaM « e , CTp. 287. AHajiH3Hpya nncbMO MapKca OT 15 aBrycTa 1863 r., H. BO^AWpeB BbicKa3UBaeT npeAno^oxceHHe, ^to peib B HeM Bce eme HAeT « o KaKoft-To paöoTe» HaA pyKonHCbKi 1861—1863 IT. (UHT. npoH3B., CTp. 27). MeÄAy TeM paöoTa MapKca HaA yKa3aHHOfl pyKonHCbio npexpaTHJiacb B Hiojie 1863 r. IlosTOMy cJiOBa «H nnrny ueJibiMH AHHMH», coAepscamHecfl B nncbMe OT 15 aBryera, HHK3K He MoryT OTHocHTbcsi K 3TOH pyKOnHCH. 8 CM. K. M a p K c H 4>. S H r e J i b c , Coq., T. 31, CTp. 16, 22, 32, 89. 9 T a M » e, CTp. 489. 10 T a M sc e, CTp. 92. 11

Ta M

ne e, CTp. 111. Flo MHCHHIO H. BoJiAbipeBa, B nncbMe OT 31 HKWIH 1865 r.

peqb HAeT 06 ocraBiiiHXCH eme He HanHcaHHbiMH Tpex rjiaßax III KHHrH «KanHTajia» (UHT. npoH3B., CTp. 27). CorjiamaHCb c STHM yTBepscAeHHeM, HeoöxoAHMO 3aMeraTb, STO OHO erne HyjKAaeTCH B oéocHOBaHHH. BeAb MOHCHO TaKHce npeAnojioncHTb, ÍTO MapKc HMeeT 3Aecb B BHAY II KHHry, MaTepaaji koTopoñ B HaHMeHbmeft CTeneHH 6HJI pa3paôoTaH B pyKonnca 1861—1863 rr. KpoMe Toro, nona He Bno™e HCHO, o KaKHX KOHKpeTHO MaBax III KHHTH MapKC BeAeT peib.

100

B. B b i r O f l C K H H , JI. MHCbKEBHH, M. TEPHOBCKHH, A.

»lEIiyPEHKO

napjiaMeHTCKHe OTqeTbi «O 63HKOBCKOM AeJie H T. A. 3a 1857 H 1858 rr....» 12 , MOJKHO cyAHTb 0 TOM, I T O TorAa M a p x c TpyAHJica H3A r j i s BOH 0 aeHeJKHOM KanHTajie h npoueHTe. Bcefl

Ilo a

BepoHTHOCTH,

paöOTa

MapKca

BMecTe c TeM h B e e n T e o p e T H q e c K o ñ

no

MeHbiuefi

ero

M e p e AO K O H u a

1865

h3A. pyKonwcbio

qacTbio

«KanHTajia»

r . , 0 QEM CBHAETEJIBCTBYET,

NHCBMO K SHREJIBCY OT 1 3 t f i e B p a j i H

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TO AeJIO OÓCTOHT TaK: OHa 6bIJia 20T06CL B KOHU,e A E K A Ô P S . TojibKO TpaKTaT o 3eMejibHOH peHTe, npeAnocjieAHflji rjiaBa, cocTaBHT, B HacToameM BHAe, qyTb JIH He ueJiyio KHHry» 13 .

KJIHTOH» KHHTH,

^yBCTByji, HTO c03A3HHe ocHOBHoro TeKCTa nepBbix Tpex KHHT «KanHTajia» noAxoAHT K KOHuy, M a p n c y ® e B HOHÔpe 1865 r. CHOBa CTaji AyMaTb 06 OKOH^aTejibHOH o6pa6oTKe (oÖHOBjieHHH (JjaKTHqecKoro MaTepnajia H T. n.) pyKonHCH — B nepByio onepeAb pyKonHCH I KHHTH — AJIH n e ^ a m

HMeHHo 0 TaKOro poAa (jiaKTHqecKHX AaHHbix MapKC n n c a j i S H r e j i b c y 20 Hoaôpji 1865 r. u . H . BojiAbipeB pacueHHBaeT AaHHOe nHCbMo KaK n e p Boe B paccMaTpHBaeMbifl nepHOA yKa3aHHe Ha TO, qTO MapKc 3 3 h h t npoÖJieMaMH I KHHTH « K a n H T a j i a » 15 . O A H 3 K O B nncbMe H . O . BeKKepy OT cepeAHHbi HHBapa 1866 r. MapKC c o o ô m a j i , ITO eMy «HaAO nepermcaTb 1 200 CTpaHHu pyKonHCH...» 16 . npHBOAHMoe MapKCOM o 6 m e e MHCJIO CTpaHHu pyKonHCH Tpex KHHT « K a n H T a j i a » BnojiHe cooTBeTCTByeT HX peajibHOMy o6i>eMy: 4 9 5 CTpaHHii (I K H H r a ) , 149 CTpaHHu (II KHHra), 5 7 5 CTpaHHu KHHra).

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H T O r o — 1 2 1 9 C T p a H H u . TAKHM 06pa30M, K KOHixy 1865 r. M a p x c CKO-

p e e Beerò HMeji neoeA CO6OH B TOTOBOM BHAe ece rpu KHHTH « K a n H T a j i a » . OKOHqaTejibHaa noAroTOBKa pyKonHCH K neqaTH, TaK ycneuiHO HaiaTaa B HHBape 1866 r., 3aTeM BCJieACTBHe 6ojie3HH M a p K c a n p e p B a j i a c b rioiTH AO HHDHH 17. B pe3yjibTaTe n p o u e c c C O 3 A 3 H H H oKOHqsTejibHoro TeKCTa I KHHTH « K a n H T a j i a » 33THHyjicH BnJiOTb AO 2 a n p e j i a 1867 r., KorAa M a p K c HaKOHeu H3BecTHji 3 H r e j i b c a «06 O K O H I S H H H KHHTH» 1 8 H 0 CBoeM HaMepeHHH OTBe3TH ee H3A3Tejiio B Ka^ecTBe I TOMa « K a n H T a j i a » . MejKAy 13 OKTHÖpa 1866 r. H 17 anpeJiH 1867 r. M a p K c npHHHJi p e m e H H e orpaHH^HTb I TOM « K a n H T a j i a » nepBofl KHHrofi. flo CHX n o p OH HainepeBajicH BKJIIOIHTb B I TOM nepByiO H BTOpyiO KHHrH I 9 . P a c c M O T p e H H e « B H e i H H e n » HCTOPHH p a ô o T b i M a p K c a KaK ro

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BecbMa BepoHTHO, qTO, npe>KAe qeM npncTynHTb B Hiojie HJIH aBrycTe 1863 r . K H a n H c a H H i o TeopeTHqecKOH qacTH « K a n H T a j i a » , M a p K c c o c T a B H j i njiaHbi Tpex OTHOCHBHIHXCH K Heft KHHT. ( C C U J I K H Ha II, I I I H IV KHHTH, coAep^aiUHecH B TEKCTE « f j i a B b i rnecTOñ»20, TaK » e , KaK H CCWJIKH HA K. M a p K c H . 3 H r e Ji b c, Coq., T. 3 1 , c r p . 125. T a M » e, cTp. 150. H 3 KOHTeKcra sToro nncbMa H a p y r n x n u c e n aaHHOro nepnofla HCHO, ITO MapKC «Meer B BHAY seto TeopeTUHecKyio HacTb «KanHTajia». 14 CM. T a M m e, erp. 134. 12

13

15

CM. iiHT. npoH3B., CTp. 26, 29.

K . M a p K c H O . S H r e J i b c , Coq., T. 3 1 , CTp. 414. B cTaTbe H. BojiÄbipeßa HET YNOMHHAHHA 0 6 STOM NHCBME. 17 CM. T a M » e , CTp. 4 3 2 , 1 8 8 — 1 8 9 . 18 T a M at e, CTp. 236. 19 CM. T a M >K e, c r p . 4 4 8 , 4 5 3 . 50 CM. K. M a p K c H . S H r e j i b c , Coq., T. 4 9 , CTp. 3, 3 0 , 3 1 , 101, 104, 106. 16

O IIEPH0AH3AUHH PABOTbl K. MAPKCA HAfl «KATOiTAJIOM»

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a p y r a e rjiaBbi KEHHA s e Her B coBOKynHOM n p o u e c c e KanHTajiHCTHHecKoro np0H3B0ACTBa. 3 a K j i i o KeHHe. K a n H T a j i H HaeMHbiñ T p y a . HA3BAHHH r j i a B n p e a n o j i a r a e M b i x njiaHOB I H I I I KHHr BSHTU H3 n e p B o r o H3Ä3HHH I TOMa « K a n H T a J i a » H p y K o n n c H I I I KHH™, XOTH c o o T B e T CTByKDHlHe 3arOJIOBKH npOMeXíyTOKHblX nJiaHOB MOrjIH H OTJIHqaTbCH OT HHx. O ^ H a K o AJÍ H Harnero HccjieflOBaHHa BaxcHbi JiHiiib HOMepa r j i a B H HX npoÖJieMaTHKa. PeaJibHOCTb STHX nJiaHOB n o Ä T B e p j K Ä a e T c a nepexpecTHbiMH ccbijiKaMH BHyTpH p y K o n H c e ñ Bcex T p e x KHHT. C o n o c T a B ^ e H H e njiaHOB c pyKonHCHMH n03B0JiaeT o n p e a e j i H T b x p o H O ^ o r H i o p a ô o T b i M a p K c a H a ^ SKOHOMH^ecKHMH pyKonncHMH 1 8 6 3 — 1 8 6 7 r r .

K. M a p K c H O. S H r e j i b c , Coi., T. 49, cTp. 25. CM. K M a p K c H O. 3 H r e ji b c, Coq., T. 31, cip. 448. 23 CM. K. M a p K c a . 3 H r e j i b c , Coq., T. 26, Q. 1, CTp. 424—426. 24 CM. K. M a p K c H S H r e j i b c , Coq., T. 49, d p . 233. 25 H. BojiAbipeB T a K x e oTMeqaeT STOT (J)AKT (UHT. npoH3B., CTp. 29—30). IIO-BHÄHMOMy, M a p K c nojiaraji B TO BpeMfl, qTo «BBeAeHHe» ÄOJIJKHO ôbijio npeacTaBJiHTb COÔOH pe3K)Me nepBoro BunycKa « K KpnTHKe nojiHTHqecKoñ SKOHOMHH». 20 CM. K. M a p K C H O. 3 H r e JI b c, Coq., T. 49, ctp. 233, 411—498. 21

22

102

B. BbirOflCKHH, JI. MHCbKEBHH, M. TEPHOBCKHH. A. HEIiyPEHKO

« T j i a B a u i e c T a n » — 3 a K J i i o q H T e j i b H a H r j i a ß a p y K o n n c H I KHHTH « K a n n i a j i a » XapaKTep

Hajx p y K o n H C b i o I KHHrH c y m e c T B e H H O Me(OT Hee OCRAJIHCB CTPAHHUBI 24—25, 96—107, 259—260) n n c a j i a c b KaK I H C T O B O H T E K C T , o q'eM c B H A e T e j i b c r ByiOT c n j i o u i H a a H ' / M e p a u n a n o a c T p o q H b i x C H O C O K K K S J K Ä O H r j i a ß e H O T cyTOTBHe n p o ö e j i o ß Ha C T p a H H u a x p y K o n H C H 2 7 . O e r a j i b H b i e » e AOiueAiiiHe ÄO H a c CTpaHHUbi pyKonHCH I KHHTH, B K J i i o q a a « T j i a B y u i e c T y r o » , He c o FLEPXAT c n J i o i i i H o f l H Y M E P A U H H N P H M E Q A H H H , HA M H O H I X C T P A H H U A X O C T S B neHbi n p o n y c K H , n p e a n c u i a r a B i i i H e Äa-JibHefiLuyio p a ö O T y Hafl p y K o n n c b i o . B O 3 M O J K H O , Q T O Ha H 3 M E N E H H H x a p a K T e p a p a é o T b i M a p n c a CK33A.NCFL n e p e pblB B neBpaJib 1 8 6 4 r . ) , e c j i H n p e z u i o j i o s c H T b , QTO I KHHr a C O 3 ^ A B A ^ a c b H M C H H O B S T O BpeMH. H e 0 6 x 0 Ä H M 0 r a x x e FLOÖABHTB, MO Ha jiHCTax pyKonHCH « T j i a B b i u i e c T o f i » HMCKDTCH B O A H H H C 3 H 3 K H C H a 3 B a HAJICH.

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O TOM, qTO p a ö o T a M a p K c a HSA p y K o n n c b i o I KHHrH H s q a j i a c b c r j i a BBI o n p e B p a m e H H H a e H e r B K a n H T a j i 2 8 , a He C BBe^eHHH o T O B a p e H a e H b r a x , K A K n p e a y c M a T p H B a j i o c b N J I A H O M , CBHaeTejibCTByioT C C H J I K H Ha n e p BblH BbinyCK « K KpHTHKe IIOJIHTHqeCKOH 3KOHOMHH», KOTOpbie COÄep)KaTCH B «nia.Be u i e c T o f i » 2 9 . C C H J I K H B H e n Ha a p y r n e rJiaBbi I K H H r H 3 0 I K W I H O CTbK) COOTBeTCTByiOT IIJiaHy I K H H T H . CchUIKH B « r ^ a B e IIieCTOH» Ha I I KHHra31 coniacyiOTCH

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c r u i a H a M H STHX K H H r , HO He IIO3BOJIHK)T OAHO-

3HaqHO c y ^ H T b HH O nocjie,n,OBaTejibHOCTH, HH O BpeineHH HX H a n n c a H H a . ConocTaBJieHHe flByx coxpaHHBiuHxca CTpaHHU pyKonHCH I KHHTH (CTp. 2 4 — 2 5 ) c p y K o n n c b i o 1 8 6 1 — 1 8 6 3 r r . H C TCKCTOM n e p ß o r o H3ÄaHHH 1 TOMa « K a n H T a j i a » 3 2 n03B0JineT npeacTaBHTb ce6e xapaKTep paßora M a p K c a H 3 a I KHHTOH Ha p a 3 J i H q H b i x s T a n s x e e C03Ä3HHH H c u e j i a T b BUBOA o ABYX c y m e c T B e H H O p a 3 J i n q H b i x s T a n a x B c o 3 ^ a H H H I KHHTH « K a n n T a j i a » B 1 8 6 3 — 1 8 6 7 r r . 3 3 . f l e p B a a o 6 p 3 6 o T K 3 TeKCT3 pyKonHCH 1 8 6 1 — 1 8 6 3 r r . n p H B e j i a K c o 3 ^ a H H K ) BO MHoroM n o B o r o B A P N A H T A I K H H T H . O K O H Q A T E J I B H B I F L W E T C K C T . C O Ä H O S CTopoHbi, B o ö p a j i B c e 6 a H S K O I I H B I I I H H CFL K 1 8 6 6 — 1 8 6 7 r r . . S H R E J I B C , COH., T. 4 9 , CTp. 4 , 8 . 30 31

32

C M . T a M »e e , CTp. 2 5 , 3 9 , 4 7 — 4 8 , 7 9 , 8 0 . C M . r a u ACE, CTp. 3 , 3 0 , 3 1 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 4 .

Karl Teil 1. Berlin, 230, 232; K. K. M a p K c H 186. 33

Ha

Marx, F r i e d r i c h E n g e l s , G e s a m t a u s g a b e ( M E G A ) , Band II/3, 1976, S. 46—47; «ApxHB Mapnca H 3nreJibca», T. II ( V I I ) , 1933 r., CTp. M a r x . D a s Kapital. Erster Band. H a m b u r g , 1867, S. 137—139; CM. Tarate 0. S a r e b b e , Coi., T. 47, crp. 52; T. 49, CTp. 119—121; T. 23, CTp. 184—

H a m B3RJIHÄ, YASE STOT BHBOA PACXOÄHTCH C YTBEP»«EHHEM

H . Eo;iAbipeBa

o

TOM, ITO paóoTa MapKca Han I KHHrofl «KanHTa.ua» B paccMaTpHBaeMHü nepuoA Haqajiacb TOJIBKO B KOHu,e 1865 r. (UHT. npoH3B., cTp. 26—28, 34).

O nEPH0flH3AUHH

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K. M A P K C A

HAfl

«KAIIHTAJIOM»

103

«PyKonHCb I» BTopoM KHHrH «KanHTajia» H e noAJiejKHT COMHCHHIO, TTO 3Ta pyKonncb 6bijia HaiwcaHa nocAe uiecTOH» I KHHTH, O QEM CBHAETEJIBCTBYIOT Ä ß E CCHJIKH HA « f j i a B y ujecTyio» Kan Ha y » e HanncaHHyio 3 4 . IlepBafl ccbiJiKa npe^CTaBJiaeT CO6OH pe3K)Me nepBoro pa3Aejia «rjiaBbi rnecTOH» — « T o ß a p w Kan npoayKT KanHTajia». B KOHTeKCTC BTOpofi CCHJIKH M a p K c KOHcneKTHBHO H3JiaraeT nojioHteHHH, BbiCKa3aHHbie HM BO BTopoM pa3aejie «TjiaBbi rnecTOH» — « K a n n TaJIHCTHqeCKOe np0H3B0ÄCTB0 KaK npOH3BOÄCTBO npHÖaBOHHOH CTOHMOCTH». B NPEFLHCJIOBHH KO I I T O M y «KanHTajia» SHrejibc oTMeqaji, I T O « p y KonHCb I » óbijia HanHcaHa MapKCOM B 1 8 6 5 HJIH 1 8 6 7 r . 3 5 . O j H a K o BTopan ÄaTa, n0-BHÄHM0My, ÄOJiJKHa òbiTb HcKJiio^eHa no cjieAyioiUHM c o o 6 p a » e HHHM. 1 . B «pyKonHCH I » HMeeTca ccbiJiKa Ha p a ô o i y « K K P H T H K C IIOJIHTHqecKOH 3 K O H O M H H » 3 6 , n03B0jiHi0maa aaKjiiotiHTb, qTo HH rjiaBbi, HH BBeaeHHH o TOBape H ^ e H b r a x B TO Bpe.viH eme He 6HJIO. O^HaKo H3 nncbMa M a p K c a J I . KyrejibMaHy OT 1 3 OKTflöpa 1 8 6 6 r . 3 7 M O X H O c^ejiaTb B H B O Ä , MTO He no3AHee yKa3aHHOro ^Hcjia B nJiaHax M a p K c a HJIH yjKe B caMOH pyKonHCH aojiHiHa 6biJia dfnirypHpoBaTb nepBaa rjiaBa I K H H T H — «ToBap H ÄeHbrn», 3aMeHHBmaa paHee HaMeqaBineeca «BBeaeHHe». A a j i e e , Bçe CCHJIKH Ha rjiaBbi I KHHTH, coaep^Kamneca B «pyKonHCH I » BTopoii K-HHr n 3 8 , cooTBeTCTByiOT njiaHy I KHHTH. S T O 03HauaeT, Ï T O «pyKonHCb I » ßbijia HanHcana AO Toro, KaK M a p K c npHHHji pemeHHe BKJitoiHTb B nepByio KHHry rjiaBy o TOBape H aeHbrax B KaqecTBe I rJiaBbi, qTO Bbi3Bajio H3MeHeHHe HyMepauHH ocTaJibHbix r j i a ß pyKonHCH I KHHTH. 2 . B KOHiie 1 8 6 6 r. HJIH B caMOM Haqajie 1 8 6 7 r. M a p K c peuiHji BKJIK)iHTb B I TOM «KanHTajia» TOjibKO I KHHry, a He I H II KHHTH, KaK npeanojiaraji paHee. (FlepBoe CBH^eTejibCTBo 3Toro Mbi HaxoAHM B nwcbMe M a p K c a K H. O . BeKKepy OT 17 anpejia 1867 r o f l a 3 9 . ) Mbi corjiacHbi C H . BOJIÄbipeBbIM B TOM, qTO C 3THM peuieHHeM M a p K c a 6bIJ10 C B H 3 A H O A p y r o e — HCKjiioiHTb « T j i a ß y mecTVio» KaK nepexoAHyio KO II KHHre H3 TeKCTa I TO M a «KanHTajia», coxpaHHB jinnib a63au,, pe3K>MHpyiomHH c o a e p HtaHHe. «rjiaBbi uiecTOH» 40 . H o B TaKOM c j i y q a e yKa3aHHbie CCHJIKH Ha «TjiaBy mecTyio» TaKJKe n03B0JiHi0T cyflHTb o TOM, ITO «pyKonncb I» co3flaBajiacb MapKCOM paHee 1866 r. K o r a a jKe? npoaHajiH3HpyeM CCHJIKH Ha I I I KHHry «KanHTajia», coAep>KaiiiHecH B «pyKonHCH I » 4 1 . B e e OHH (6e3 HCKJiioqeHHfl) cooTBeTCTByiOT nJiaHy III KHHTH, HO OTJIHqaiOTCH OT peaJIbHOH CTpyKTypbl pyKOnHCH III KHHTH, H31HHaa co BTopoii ee nojioBHHbi. Bo-nepBbix, B «pyKonHCH I» M a p K e HeoflHOKpaTHO ccbijiaeTCH Ha rjiaBy V I I TpeTbeñ KHHTH KaK Ha rjiaBy o « B O 3 BpaTHblX ÄBHJKeHHHX A^Her» 42 , B TO BpeM5I KaK Ha 3aKJIK)qHTejIbHOH CT3ÄHH paßoTbi Haa III KHHroH OH peiiiHji sTy rjiaBy onycTHTb 4 3 . Bo-BTopwx, B «pyKonHCH I » HMeeTCH ccbiJiKa Ha rjiaBy V I TpeTbeñ KHHTH KaK Ha rjiaBy o floxoaax H Hx HCToqHHKax, KOTopaH B peajibHoii pyKonHCH I I I KHHTH CTajia rjiaBOH V I I . B-TpeTbHx, Bee CCWJIKH Ha I V rjiaBy I I I KHHTH Kai< Ha rjiaBy, BKJiioqaromyio pa3^eji o KanHTajie, npHHoenmeM npoueHTbi, CBHÄeTejibCTByiOT o T O M , HTO T O R A À rjiaBa I V eme cooTBeTCTBOBajia njiaHy «TJIABBI

C M . K . M a p K c H . 3 H r e ji b c, C o n . , T. 49, cTp. 238, 472. C M . K . M a p K c H 4>. S H r e j i b c , C o i . , T. 24, CTp. 7. 36 C M . K . M a p K c H 4>. 3 H r e JI b c, C o q . , T. 49, CTp. 322. 37 CM. K - M a p K c H O . Â H R E J I B C , C o i . , T. 31, CTp. 448. 38 CM. K. M a p K c H Ke K . M a p K C H . S H r e j i b C , C o q . , T. 48, c r p . 1 6 7 — 2 4 L 43 C M . TaKHce K . M a p K c H O . S H R E J I B C , C o q . , T. 32, c r p . 5 9 — 6 5 . 34

35

104

B. B b i r O f l C K H H ,

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M. TEPHOBCKHH,

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«Kanirrajia»

P a ô o T y H a a p y K o n n c b i o I I I KHHrn M a p K C H a n a j i c o I I r j i a B H , nocBHmeHHofl n p e B p a m e H H K ) npnóbiJiH B c p e ^ H i o r o npHÔbijib. H a 9 t o yKa3biBaeT TÔT 4>aKT, ^ t o H y M e p a u H a a a H H o ñ r j i a B H óujia n p o B e a e H a no3flHee, o ^ e BHflHo, nocJie C03Ä3HHH I r j i a B H ; n e p B O H a ï a j i b H o « e M a p x c n p o H y M e p o Baji HBOHHbie JiHCTbi pyKonHCH I I r j i a B b i 4 4 K a p a H ^ a m o M ji3THHCKHMH 6 y K B3MH OT «a» ä o « / » . HHTepecHO, HTO H3 Beerò M a T e p H a j i a ó y a y m e ñ I I I KHHra « K a n H T a j i a » , c o ^ e p x c a m e r o c H B pyKonHCH 1861 — 1 8 6 3 rr., B HanMeHbuieñ CTeneHH 6HJI p a 3 p a 6 o T a H HMCHHO pa3,aeji o n p e B p a m e H H H npHÓMJIH B c p e Ä H i o i o n p n ö b u i b , TaK KaK BO BpeMH e r o HanHcaHHH ( B a e K a ó p e 1862 r. B X V I T e T p a A H ) M a p K C e m e n p e ^ n o j i a r a j i 6 o j i e e noapoÖHO p a c CMOTpeTb 3TOT B o n p o c B p a M K a x c n e u H a j i b H o r o yqeHHH o KOHKypeHUHH 45 . ToJibKo B HHBape 1863 r . ( B X V I I I T e T p a ^ n ) noHBHJica 6 o j i e e noflpoÓHbiíí njiaH HMeHHo I I rjiaBbi ó y a y m e f l I I I KHHTH 46 . BOT noweMy, npHCTynHB K HanHcaHHK) I I I KHHrH, M a p K C , BepoHTHO, H a n a j i c e m e He pa3paf>OTaHHOH HM TJiaBbl. X t a j i e e , BO I I r j i a B e T p e T b e n KHHrH, Ha 164-H CTpaHHue pyKonHCH HMeeTCH c j i e a y i o i u e e 3aMenaHHe M a p K c a : « B KaKOH M e p e BpeMH o ô p a m e H H H BJIHHeT Ha HOpMy npHÓbIJIH — 3T0 B o n p o c , KOTOpblH Mbl He ÖyÄeM 3ÄeCb pa3ÔHpaTb n o Ä p o Ö H o ( T a K KaK e m e He HanncaHa KHHra I I , r a e STa n p o ß j i e M a ó y ^ e T paccMOTpeHa c n e u n a j i b H o ) » . T a K H M 0 6 p a 3 0 M , « p y K O n n c b I » BTopoii KHHrH « K a n H T a j i a » 6biJia c o 3 Ä a H a MapKCOM B n e p n o a n o c j i e HanHcaHHa I I rjiaBbi I I I KHHTH, HO ÄO pa3ÄejieHHH I V rjiaBbi a a H H o ñ KHHrH Ha I V H V rjiaBbi. n p H B e a e H H o e 3aMenaHHe M a p K c a , Ha H a m B3rjiHÄ, cBHAeTejibCTByeT T3K)Ke H O TOM, MTO BHyTpeHHHH JIOrHKa p a 3 p a 6 0 T K H 3K0H0MHHeCK0H TeopHH npHBejia e r o K H e o ô x o a H M o c T H c o 3 ä 3 h h h I I KHHTH « K a n H T a j i a » HMCHHO B 3TO BpeMH. AHaJiH3 n p e B p a m e H H H npHÓaBOMHOH CTOHMOCTH B c p e f l H i o i o npHÖbIJIb H 3aK0Ha TeHÄeHUHH HOpMbI npHÔbUIH K nOHHHCeHHIO TpeÖOBajl n p e f l B a p H T e j i b H o r o paccMOTpeHHH npoôJieMbi o ó o p o T a K a n H T a j i a , OKa3UBal o m e r o BjiHHHHe Ha HopMy npHÔbijiH 47 . 3TOT npHMep KOHKpeTH3HpyeT H3BecTHoe M e T O f l o J i o r n q e c K o e n o j i o ^ e HHe M a p K c a o HepaBHOMepHOM pa3BHTHH pa3JiHHHbix « S T a H c e ñ » HayKH. O H CBHÄeTeJibCTByeT H O TOM, HTO pa3BHTHe ó o j i e e KOHKpeTHbix p a 3 Ä e j i 0 B SKOHOMHHecKOH TeopHH ( B Ä3HHOM c j i y q a e I I I KHHrH « K a n H T a j i a » ) B o n p e a e j i e H H b i ñ MOMCHT c t 3 h o b h t c h HeB03M0ÄHbiM 6 e 3 p33p3Ô0TKH ôojiee aÖCTpaKTHblX p33fleJI0B (M3TepH3JI I I KHHrH). CcbiJiKH, c o A e p H i s m n e c H B I I I rJi3Be pyKonHCH I I I KHHrH, He a s i o t 0CH0B3HHH ÄJIH 0AH03HaiJH0H fl3THpOBKH. BHHMaTeJlbHOe JKe qTeHHe TeKCTa I V rjiaBbi n03B0JiHeT, n o H a m e M y MHeHHK), e m e ö o j i e e cy3HTb BpeMeHHbie paMKH co3aaHHH « p y K o n H C H I » . H a 2 4 3 a 256-h CTpaHHuax pyKonHCH I I I KHHra M a p K C ccbijiaeTCH Ha § 3 nepBOH r j i a B H I I KHHrH KaK Ha n a p a r p a c j ) 44

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KOM «1864», ITO H «r.iaBa uiecTaa» I KHHrH. flpn nocjieayromeii HyMepaiiHH y x e HanncaHHbix cTpaHHU II rjiaBH UHcfipbi lacTH^Ho OTneqaTajiHCb Ha npoTHBonojioHiHbix CTpaHHuax. 4 5 CM. K. M a p K C H . S H r e J i b c , CoyHKUH0HHp0BaHHH 3 0 J i 0 T a H c e p e ó p a B K a n e c T B e a e H e í K H o r o K a n H T a J i a OTHOCHTCH K I V TJiaBe I I I KHHTH, M a p K C BblpaXCaeT, 0 Ä H 3 K 0 , C O M H e H H e B TOM, MTo 3TOT Bonpoc B o o ö i u e ÓYAET o c B e m e H B « K a n H T a j i e » 4 9 . M e x c a y TEM OH AHAJIH3HPYETCH H a 2 7 5 — 2 7 8 - f i c T p a H H u a x I V r j i a B b i p y K o n H C H I I I KHHTH (CM. X I X i v i a B y I I I TOMa « K a n w T a j i a » ) . 3 H a i H T , no-BHflHMOMy, M a p K c n p e p B a j i p a ö o T y H 3 ä p y K o n n c b i o I I I KHHTH H e n o 3 Ä H e e p a ß O T b i H a a 2 7 5 - H CTpaHHiíeñ I V rjiaBbi. H H H M H cjioBaMH, « p y K o n n c b I» 6biJia c o 3 f l a H a M a p K c o M B nepHOÄ HanHcaHHH 2 5 6 — 2 7 5 - H CTpaHHu pyKonHCH I I I KHHTH. 3 a B e p u i H B II r j i a B y I I I KHHTH, M a p K C , BepoHTHO, n p H C T y i m j i K I , a 3 a T e M H K I I I r j i a B e . H a 1 3 5 - ñ C T p a H H u e I r j i a B b i HMeeTCH n o M e T K a M a p K c a : « T e n e p b , B OKTHÖpe 1 8 6 4 r., HOBMÍÍ K p H 3 H c » . M a T e p w a j i I V i v i a Bbi He N03B0JIHET TOHHO e e A a r a p o B a T b . H a Ä V r j i a B O ñ M a p K c p a ö o T a j i B a B r y c T e 1 8 6 5 r . H a 4 0 4 - H ( n p e A n o c J i e A H e ñ ) C T p a H H u e r j i a B b i OH n n u i e T : « T e n e p b , OKTnöpb 1 8 6 5 r . » H U H T H p y e T AOKyMeHTH OT 11 OKTHÖPH. B r j i a B e o p e H T e ( V I RJIABA I I I K H H r n ) HMCIOTCH CCMJIKH, OTHOCHIUHCCH K OKTHÖpio H A e K a ö p i o 1 8 6 5 r . 5 0 . 3 a T p y a H H T e j i b H a A a r a p o B K a n o c j i e A H e ñ V I I r j i a B b t — «ÄOXOÄbl

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B o BpeMH p a ö o T b i H 3 A I I I KHHroH M a p K C n o c T e n e H H o n p H i u e j i K B H BOAy o H e 0 6 x 0 A H M 0 C T H H a q a T b I K H H r y r j i a B o ñ o T O B a p e H A e H b r a x . B o I I r j i a B e I I I KHHTH ( H a 1 5 5 - H C T p a H H u e p y K o n H C H ) e m e HMeeTCH c c b i J i K a Ha n p e A n o ^ a r a B U i e e c H « B ß e a e H H e » K I K H H r e 5 1 , a CCHJIKH Ha r j i a B b i I KHHTH, c o ^ e p ^ a i n H e c a B I H I I I r j i a B a x I I I KHHI-H, cooTBeTCTByiOT n p o M e ÄYTOHHOMY i u i a H y I KHHTH. B n o c ^ e a y i o m H x q a c T a x p y K o n H C H I I I KHHrn CCHJIKH Ha KHHry I B c e ö o j i e e npHÖjwjKaiOTCH K HOBOMy, H3MeHeHHOMy n j i a H y . T a K , H a 2 7 7 - H CTpaHHue (KOHeii I V i v i a B b i ) M a p K c n n i i i e T : « I l p n paccMOTpeHHH a e H e r B KH. I ni. I». (OflHaKo n e p B a j j r j i a B a , o KOTopoñ roBopHT 3 f l e c b M a p K c , B TO B p e M H e m e He ó b u i a HanncaHa, o q e M c B H f l e T e j i b C T B y e T c o a e p » a m a f l C H Ha 2 5 0 - f i C T p a H H u e p y K o n H C H I I I KHHTH c c b i J i K a M a p K c a H a n p H B e f l e H H y i o HM B I r j i a B e p y K o n n c H I KHHTH U H T a T y H3 p a ö o r a K o p ö e T a 5 2 . B n o c J i e Ä C T B H H , K o r Ä a M a p K c H3MeHHJi CBOH n ^ a H , y n o M H H y T a a u-HTaTa 3 a KOHOMepHo H a m j i a C B o e MecTO BO I I r j i a B e n e p B o r o H3Ä3HHH I .TOMa « K a n H T a J i a » 5 3 . ) X U j i e e , n a 2 7 1 - H C T p a H H u e p y K o n H C H I I I KHHTH M a p K C c c b i J i a e T C H Ha M a B y « P e 3 y j i b T a T b i H e n o c p e ^ C T B e H H o r o n p o u e c c a n p o H 3 B o a c T B a » , H a 3 b i B a a e e V I I r j i a B O H 5 4 , Ha 4 1 5 - ñ C T p a H H u e — H a V r j i a B y KaK 48

CM. K. M a p K C H C>. S H r e J i b c , Coi., T. 49, CTp. 233, 323. n p H peaaKTHpoBaHHH pyKOIIHCH III KHHrH SHreJIbC npHBe^ STB CCHJIKH B COOTBeTCTBHe CO CTpyKTypofl II TOMa «KanHTajia» (CM. K. M a p K c H 4>. S H r e J i b c , Coq., T. 25, Q. I, CTp. 293, 316). 49 CM. K. M a p K c H . 3 H r e JI b c, Coq., T. 49, CTp. 298. 50 CM. K. M a p K C H O. 3 H r e JI b C, COI., T. 2 5 , 1 . II, crp. 178, 181. 51 npH PEAAKTHPOBAHHH TEKCTA III KHHRN SHrejibc yKa3aji, ITO 9Ta ccujiKa OTHOCHTCH K « H a i a j i y » «KanHTaJia» (CM. K. M a p K c H I>. S H r e j i b c , COH., T. 25, q. I, CTp. 154). 52 ynoMHHyTofl UHTaTH He 6H^O B cooTBeTCTByromeii qacTH pyKonncn 1861—1863 rr., 3H3HHT, M a p K c ccbwaeTCH 3aecb Ha pea^bHo cymecTBOBaBiuyio pyKonncb I KHHra, B qacTHOCTH Ha I rjiaBy, XOTH B COOTBCTCTBHH C y>Ke H3M6HHBIÌIHMCH K TOMy BpeMeHH n^aHOM I KHHrH OHa ÄOfl»Ha 6ujia CTaTb II waBoft. 53 K. M a r x, D a s Kapital. Erster Band. Hamburg, 1867, S. 111. 54 SHrejibc 3aMeHHJi ee CCM^KOH Ha I KHHry «KanHTaJia» (CM. K. M a p K C H O . 3 Hrejibc, Coi., T. 25, q. I, ctp. 338).

106

B. B b i r O f l C K H H ,

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BKJHoqaromyio pa3Äeji o 3apa6oTHoñ n j i a i e 55 , HanoHeu,, Ha 454-h CTpaHHue — Ha r j i a ß y o HaKonjieHHH KanHTajia, oöosHaqaeiviyio KaK V I r j i a ß a . C C H J I K H Ha I I I r j i a ß y I KHHTH (Ha naparpaKeHHe' « K y p c a nojiHTHMecKOH 3K0H0MHH»57 c caMoro H a i a j i a H «pe3ioMHpoBaTb» p a ö o T y « K KpHTHKe nojiHTHíecKofi 3K0H0MHH. BbinycK nepßbifl» « B OÖHOÜ rjiaße o TOBape H Ä e H b r a x » . Pa3T>HCHH$i B nncbMe K JI. KyrejibMaHy OT 13 OKTHÖPA 1866 r. cBoe peineHHe, MapKC n n c a j i : « 3 cqeji STO HeoöxoÄHMbiM He TOJIbKO B HHTepecaX UejIbHOCTH H3JI0JKeHHfl, HO H ÜOTOMy, «TO ÄA^E xopoiHHe rojioßbi He coBceM BepHo n0HHMai0T npeflMeT. OqeßHÄHo, nepßoH A Q A ^ B H O E H3JIOSIEHHE 6MJIO HEFLOCTATO^HO H C H H M , B ocoöeHHocTH anaAU3

Toeapa»58.

Bo3ßpameHHe M a p K c a K MaTepnajiy I rjiaBbi o TOBape H ÄeHbrax HMeeT T a K ® e rjiyöoKHe MeTOAOJioraHecKHe ocHOBaHHH. 3aBepuiHß pa3paöoTKy CBoeñ SKOHOMHqecKOH TeopHH, ßonjiomeHHOH B Tpex KHHrax « K a n H T a j i a » , OH cneji HeoöxoflHMbiM CHOBa oópaTHTbca K nanany cBoeñ cncTeMbi H npHßaTb eMy $ o p M y «SKOHOMHHÉCKOH KJieTOHKH» 6yp?Kya3Horo o ö m e CTßa, c o Ä e p Ä a m e ö B c e ö e BCIO coBOKynHOCTb npoTHßopeHHH KanHTajiHCTHqecKoro c n o c o ö a np0H3B0ÄCTBa. TaKOBbi, Ha Harn B 3 I V I H Ä , NPHQHHBI. NPHBEANIHE K H3MEHEHHIO CTpyKT y p b i I KHHTH, KOTOPAN NPHHHJIA CBOH OKOHHATE^IBHBIÑ BHÄ B $OPME nepßor o H3A3HHH I TOMa. *

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ripöBeAeHHbiH aHajiH3 n03B0JifleT ctfiopMyjiHpoBaTb cjie.ayioin.He BHBOÄM o nocjieaoßaTeJibHOCTH paßoTbi M a p K c a Haß « K a n H T a j i o M » B 1863— 1867 rr. 1. BO BTopoñ mwiOBHHe H I O J I H — B nepßofi NOJIOBHHE aßrycTa 1863 r. MapKC npHCTyiiHJi K CO3ÄAHHIO I KHNRH «KanHTa-na» (HAWAß c M A B B I o npeßpameHHH ÄeHer B KanHTaji). 3TO BBITEKAET H3 Toro, HTO « r ^ I A B A uieCTan» I KHHTH, a CJiefloßaTejibHO, H NPEABIAYMNE NATB r j i a ß 6 H J I H HanncaHBI M a p K c o M ÄO NOHBJIEHH» I I I H 0C06EHH0 I I KHHr. RIPHMEPHO AO JieTa 1864 r. NPOÄOJIKAJICH nepßbiii 3TAN C03Ä3HHH I KHHTH « K a n H T a j i a » . BTOpofl 3TAN HAIAJICH B HHBape 1866 r. H 3AKOHHHJICH B H X O Ä O M B CßET B ceHT a ö p e 1867 r. I TOMa « K a n H T a j i a » . 2. NPHÖ^H3HTejibHO B KOHUE JieTa 1864 r. MapKC npHCTynHJi K p a ö o Te H3Ä I I I KHHTOH, HanaB ee co BTopoñ rjiaBbi — o npeßpameHHH npHÖbiJIH B cpeAHKDio npHÖbiJib. E m e AO Toro, KaK OH npnHHJi peineHHe o pa3aejieHHH I V rjiaBbi I I I KHHTH Ha Äße rjiaßbi — I V H V , MapKC npepBa.i HanncaHHe I I I KHHI-H H npHCTynH^ KO I I K H H r e — « p y K o n n c H I » . TaKHM 55 SHreJibc 33M6HHJI ee CCHJIKOH Ha XXIII TJI. I TOMa «KanHTajia», nocKOjibKy peqb 3Äecb uiJia o 3apa6oTHoft njiaTe ceJibCK0X03flftcTBeHHbix paöoqHx (CM. K. M a p x c H 0. S H r e J i b c , Cm., T. 25, q. II, cip. 181). 56 3Hrejibc 3aMeHHJi OÄHy H3 HHX ccbMKOH Ha V rjiaBy TpeTbero OTÄe^a I KHHI-H (CM. K. M a p K C H . 3 H r e Ji b c, Coi., T. 25, H. II, CTp. 404). 57 K. M a p n c H 3 H r e j i b c , Coq., T. 31, CTp. 103. 58 T a M » e, CTp. 448.

O IIEPH0flH3AUHH PABOTbl K. MAPKCA HAfl

107

06pa30M, «pyKonHCb I» 6buia co3AaHa B nepBoñ nojioBHHe 1865 r. PaôoTa JKe HaA III KHHroH Bejiacb no MeHbiueñ Mepe AO caMoro KOHua 1865 r. 3. KorAa MapKC 31 HIOJIH 1865 r. nncaji SHrejibcy o TOM, I T O eMy «ocTajiocb HanHcaTb eme TpH rjiaBbi», pe^b uuia o 3aBepmeHHH III KHHTH «KanHTajia». ECAH paöoTa HaA HI KHHTOH Bejiacb B paccMaTpHBaeMbiñ nepHOÄ eme no npOMe>KyTOHHOMy iuiaHy, TO, BepoHTHo, HMejiHCb B Buay rjiaBbi o peHTe (niaBa V), o AOxoAax H HX HCToqHHKax (rjiaBa VI) H o B03BpaTHbix flBHJKeHHHX AeHer (rjiaBa VII). ECJIH JKe MapKC yme npHHHji pemeHHe 06 H3MeHeHHH CTpyKTypbi III KHHTH, TO HMejincb B BHAy rjiaBbi o ccyAHOM KanHTajie (rjiaBa V ) , o peHTe (rjiaBa V I ) h O AOXOAax h HX HCToqHHKax (rjiaBa VII). YiHTbiBaH unrapoBaBiueecH nncbMO MapKca SHrejibcy OT 19 aBrycTa 1865 r., m h cKjioHaeMca KO BTopoMy H3 ÄByx B03M0JKHHX BapH3HT0B. ^TO XCe KacaeTCH «3aKJIK)MeHHH» O KanHTaJie H HaeMHOM Tpyae, TO MapKC, no-BHAHMOMy, yxe TorAa penimi noMecTHTb ero B rjiaBe o AoxoAax H HX HCTOHHHKax B KaqecTBe noaieAHero pa3AeJia. 4. B npoitecce co3AaHHH BO BTopoñ noJioBHHe 1865 r. BTopoñ nojioBHHbl pyKOIIHCH III KHHTH MapKC npHUieJI K BbIBOay O HeOÔXOAHMOCTH BKJIK)MeHHH B I KHHry B KaiecTBe ee I rjiaBbi pa3Aejia o TOBape h AeHbrax. rioMHMO MeTOÄO^OrHqeCKHX OCHOBaHHH, STO, no Beeil BHÄHMOCTH, ÓbIJIO CBH33HO c AesTeJibHOCTbK) MapKca B Me»ÄyHapOAHOM ToBapHUiecTBe Paóoqnx H c no^roTOBKOH ÄOKJiaaa o 3apaÖ0TH0H nJiaie, ueHe H npHÖbiJiH. 5. K paccMaTpHBaeMOMy nepHOAy OTHOCHTCH, ÛOMHMO «pyKonncH I», Äße ÄpyrHe pyKonncH BTopoä KHHTH «KanHTajia» — «pyKonncb III» H «pyKonHCb IV». riepBan H3 HHX, BepoHTHO, óbijia co3AaHa B nepHOA MeatAy cepeÄHHofl 1865 h anpejieM 1867 rr., BTopaa — B HioHie — aßrycTe 1867 r. 06e STH pyKonncH npeACTaBJiHiOT COÖOH npOMe^yTOHHbiH 3Tan Me)KAy «pyKonncbK) I» h cjieAyiomHM BapnaHTOM Been BTopoñ KHHTH — «pyKonncbio II», K C03£aHHK> KOTOpoñ MapKC npHCTynnji B KOHue 1868 r. (CM. 50-H TOM CoKHHeHHH K- MapKca H O. SHrejibca). TaKHM 06pa30M, B 1863—1865 rr. MapKCOM 6MJIH HanHcaHbi nepBbie BapnaHTbi Tpex KHHr «KanHTajia», mto n03B0JiaeT o6"beAHHHTb HX B eAHHyio rpynny pyKonHceñ, npeACTaBJiHiomux B coBOKynHOCTH rpeTUü nepnoeoü eapuauT TeoperunecKoa HÜCTU «Kanurana». TecHoe nepenjieTeHine paöoTbi MapKca HaA pyKonHCHMH I, II h III KHHr B yKa3aHHbiñ nepHOA CBHAeTejibCTByeT o eduHOM arane pa3pa6oTKH S K O H O M H I C C K O H TeopHH co3AaHHH «KanHTajia». B TO ace BpeMij pyKonHCH 1863—1865 rr. BecbMa HeoaHopoAHbi no CTeneHH 3aBepmeHH0CTH. HaHMeraee oTpaóoTaHHbiMH »BJIHIOTCH «TjiaBa rnecTaH» H «pyKonncb I». H6o OHH co3AaBaJincb MapKCOM BnepBbie H He HMCJIH aHajioroB B pyKonncnx npeAuiecTByHsmnx nepHOAOB. npouecc )Ke HanHcaHHH nepBbix njjTH rjiaB I KHHTH H pyKonHCH III KHHTH — H no coAepjKaHHK) H no CTpyKType — B 3HaqHTejibHOH Mepe 6a3HpoBajicH Ha MaTëpHa^ie pyKonnceft 1857—1858 H 1861—1863 rr. Pa3yMeeTCH, nojiy^eHiHbie pe3yjibTaTbi He OTMeHHioT Heo6x0AHM0CTH npOBeAeHHH AajibHenuiHX HCCJieAOBaHHH HCTOpHH CO3A3HHH «KanHTajia», B TOM iHCJie H B nepHOA 1863—1867 rr. B qacTHOCTH, ocTaeTCH HeBbiHCHeHiHbiM Bonpoc o TOM, KorAa MapKC npHHHJi OKOHqaTejibHoe pemeHHe orpaHH^HTb cocTaB I TOMa «KanHTajia» I KHHTOH. H3BecTHio Jiniiib, qTO OHO öbiJio npHHHTO HM B nepHOA MeaKe, KorAa MapKC Hanncaji nepByio rjiaBy I KHHTH «KanHTajia» — «ToBap H AeHbrH». Cnopee Beerò He paHee BTopoñ nojioBHHbi 1865 r. HaKOHeU, HeOÔXOAHMO yTOHHHTb COCTaB H AaTHpOBKy «pyKOnHCH III» BTOp0H KHHTH «KanHTa^a». M O J K H O HaAeHTbCH, HTO 3aBepuieHHe h3A3hhh CoiHHeHHH K. MapKca H O. SHrejibca ma pyccKOM n3biKe H AaJibHeümaa paôoTa no noAroTOBKe rioAHoro coôpaHHH coqHHeHHH K. MapKca H í>. SHrejibca Ha H3biKax opnrHHaJia n03B0JiHT peiiiHTb MHorne npoé^eMhi MapKcoBeAeHH».

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A. G a r r i g L. M. A 1 b gimes économiques. 24 I b i d„ p, 23

rioJiHoe coôpaHHe co^HHeHHH, t . 4, CTp. 37.

o u - L a g r a n g e , Systèmes et structures. Paris, 1971, p. 239, 246, 417. e r t i n i, Capitalismes et socialismes a l'épreuve. Initiation aux réParis, 1970, p. 9—10. 244.

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148

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