Voprosy ėkonomiki: 10/1981 [Reprint 2021 ed.] 9783112477427, 9783112477410

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20

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IIP0H3B0ÄHTEJIbH0CTb TPyflA H 3K0H0MHHECKHH POCT

21

BojibiiiHe p e 3 e p B b i noBbiiiieHHa npoH3BOAHTejibHOCTH T p y A a HMeiOTca B CeJIbCKOM X03HHCTBe. TeMIlbl pOCTa Ce/IbCK0X03HHCTBeHH0r0 n p 0 H 3 B 0 Ä C t B a B ÖJIHIKAHIIIHE NEPHOABI ß y A y T OKA3BIBARB B c e ß o j i e e 3HAIHTEJIBHOE B^HHHHE Ha o ô m e e sKOHOMHqecKoe pa3BHTHe. O A H a n o B H a c T o a i u . e e BPEMH B c e j i b CKOM X03HHCTBe BeJIHKH nOTepH npOAyKII,HH KSK B 3e:IJieÄejIHH, TaK H B JK.HBOTHOBOflCTBe: TepaeTCH c y m e c T B e H H a n q a c T b y^OÓPEHHH, CJIHIUKOM A o p o r eJKeroaHbiH peMOHT T p a x T o p o B H KOM63HHOB, He B c e r A a PAUHOHAJIBHO HCnojib3yeTCH B o a a Ha c n o m a e M b i x 3elw^HX, BCJIHKH yöbiTKH OT 3po3HH noHBbi, c j i a ô o BHEAPHKJTCH B npaKTHKy BbiBeAeHHbie BbicoKoypo>KaHHbie c o p T a p a CTeHHH, HOBbie npOAyKTHBHbie nOpOAbl CK0T3 H T. A. n P H p a 3 p a ô o T K e Mep n o coBepmeHCTBOBaHHio cejibCKOxo3HHCTBeHHoro np0H3B0flCTBa H a a o ytJHTblBaTb, MTO OHO OTJIHHaeTCH OT npOMblUIJieHHOCTH n o ö a j i a H c y H n p 0 H 3 B 0 j H T e j i b H 0 C T H T p y A a . B cejibCKOM xo3HHCTBe nepBOCTeneHHoe 3HaqeHHe HMeeT H c n 0 J i b 3 0 B a H H e B a w H e f i m e r o c p e A C T B a npoH3BOÄCTBa — 3eMJlH; npHpO^Hbie yCJIOBHH 0 K a 3 b I B a i 0 T ÖOJIbUIOe BJIHHHHe Ha n p o u e c c Bocnp0H3B0flCTBa. PauH0Ha,/ibH0e Hcn0jib30BaHHe 3eMejibHbix p e c y p c o B , Y^YNUJEHHE o p r a H H 3 a u H H ynpaBJicHHH, c o B C p m c H C T B O B a H n e COUHaJIbHO-SKOHOMHieCKHX OTHOLUeHHH B A e p e B H e — Ba^íHeñlIIHe yCJIOBHH pOCTa npOH3BOÄHTeJlbHOCTH T p y A a B CeJIbCKOM X03flHCTBe. OflHa H3 HaHÖOJiee 3 H a HHTejibHbix n p o ö j i e M , CTOHIUHX B H a c T o n w e e BpeMH n e p e A HauiHM H a p o A HblM X 0 3 H H C T B 0 M , — npOÖjieMa yBejlHHeHHH npOAyKUHH CejlbCKOrO X03HÍÍCTB a , ycHJieHHH MaTepnajibHofi 3aHHTepec0BaHH0CTH H e n o c p e a c T B e H H b i x n p o H3BOAHTeJieñ B pOCTe n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B a , B yjiymiieHHH HCn0Ab30B3HHH (J)OHÄOB, CHHJKeHHH nOTepb, BHenpeHHH KOMnjieKCHOH MexaHH3aUHH. HeOÖXOÄHMO, iITOÖbl nOBblUieHHe npOH3BOÄHTejIbHOCTH T p y Ä a COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO yBe^HMgHHK) ypOJKaiiHOCTH KyjIbTyp H npOflyKTHBHOCTH CKOTa. B o j i b u i o e 3HaqeHHe ÄJIH noBbiuieHHH NPOH3BOFLHTEJIBHOCTH TPYAA B c e j i b CKOM XO3HKCTBE HMeeT COKPAMEHHE CPOKOB y ö o p K H YPOJKÀFL Ö J i a r o A a p n ycHJieHHK) MexaHH3au,HH COOTBETCTBYIOMHX npoueccoB. T a n , y ö o p K a 3eprçoBbix QEPE3 2 0 AHEÑ n o c j i e HACTYNJIEHHH n o j i H o ñ c n e j r o c T H NPHBOAHT K n o T e p e 3 3 — 3 7 % y p o > K a a . A BEAB H3BECTHO, MTO MHorne KOAXO3H H COBXO3H 3 a THRHBAIOT y ö o p n y ypo>Kan Ha M e c H U - n o j i T o p a . 3HaHHTejIbHbie p e 3 e p B b I pOCTa np0H3B0AHTejIbH0CTH T p y ^ a KpOlOTCH B y j i y i u i e H H H ö a j i a H c a T p y A a B cejibCKOM xo3HHCTBe. B STOH CBH3H 6 o j i b u i y i o p o j i b HrpaiOT p e i u e H H e n p o ô j i e M ce30HH0CTH ceJibCKOro xo3HHCTBa, o ö e c n e q e H H e nojiHoñ 33HHTOCTH p a ô o r a H K O B b 3HMHee BpeMH, B nacTHOCTH 33HHTOCTH B CBOÖOÄHOe OT nOJieBblX paÖOT BpeMH HaceJieHHH C 0 B X 0 3 0 B , pa3BHTHe JIHMHblX nOACOÖHblX X03HHCTB. Y x y f l U i e H H e CTpyKTypbl 33HHTHX H OTTOK HaCejieHHH H3 pHAa pañOHOB CeJlbCK0X03HHCTBeHH0r0 npOH3BOÄCTBa, B KOTOpblX HCnbITbIBaeTCH HEAOCT3TOK paÔOMeft CHJIbI, CflepjKHBaK)T pOCT B HEM NP0H3B0FLHTEJIBH0CTH TPY^A. , O T C T 3 B a H U e TeMnOB pOCTa np0H3B0ÄHTejlbH0CTH T p y a a B CeJIbCKOM XO3HHCTBE OT TEMNOB p o c T a B00PY>KEHH0CTH OCHOBHBIMH CPE^cTB3MH n p o H â B0ACTB3 H3 OFLHORO p a 6 o T H H K 3 NPHBOFLHT K pocTy (J)0HFL0EMK0CTH NPOFLYKYHH H CBHAeTejIbCTByeT 0 HeflOCT3TOHHOH 3(J)(J)eKTHBH0CTH K3nHT3JIbHbIX 3 a T p a T . CJXEP>KHB3ET TEMN pOCT3 npOH3BOflHTejIbHOCTH T p y A 3 H O T C y T C T B H e OnTHM3JTBHOH NPONOPIIHOHSJIBHOCTH MEÄFLY H3KONJIEHHEM H NOTPEÖJIEHHEM B K 0 J i x 0 3 a x PHFLA p a H O H O B H p e c n y ö J M K . F l p n (})opMHpoB3HHH ^OHAS H a KON/IEHHH B K 0 j i x 0 3 a x HCXOFLHBIM Ä0Ji>KEH ÖBITB npHHu,HN o n e p o K a j o i u e r o pocTa NP0H3B0AHTEJIBH0CTH Tpyfla n o cpaBHeHHio C POCTOM e r o o n j i a T b i . P e a j i H 3 a u H H HAMENEHHBIX B pemeHHHX X X V I CBE3ÄA K F I C C MeponpHHTHii n o pa3BHTHK) CejIbCKOrO X03HHCTB3 H flOJIJKHa O Ö e c n e i H T b pOCT npOH3BOAHTejIbHOCTH TPYAA B OÓmeCTBeHHOM X03HHCTBe B OAHHHaAUaTOH ITHTHAeTKe Ha 2 2 — 2 4 % . 0 6 m e H 3 B e c T H O BJiHHHHe HayMHO-TexHHMecKoro n p o r p e c c a Ha 3(J)4)eKTHBHOCTb npOH3BOACTBa. B OAHHHaAUaTOH nHTHJieTKe pa3BHTHe HayKH H TEXHHKH ao^>KHO öbiTb B e m e ö o n b i u e H M e p e noAHHHeHo pemeHHK) SKOHOMH-

22

n

n e c K H X h c o u H a j i b H b i x 33A3KAy

n p O e K T H p O B a H H H TeXHHKH

hbho

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MHHHCTepCTB 3(j)(j)eKTOM,

chhmsiot-

& o6"beMe

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pacneTHO

nojiyqae-

H p e a j l b H O AOCTHraeMblM C BHeA-

peHHeM e e b np0H3B0ACTB0. XUlH yCHJieHHH 3KOHOMHHeCKOrO pOCTa HOCTH T p y A a

H

3(|)(J)eKTHBHOCTH

COKp3IIJ,eHHe AOJ1H pSÓOTHHKOB, 3 3 H H T H X cKoro

nepeBoopy>KeHHa

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H

MeX3HH3M3X

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nOBbimeHHH

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py^HblM TpyAOM,

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0CH0BH0r0,

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15 JieT

COKpaTHJISCb

npOH3BOAHTejlb3H3ieHHe

B

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ho

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40,6%

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3 2 , 8 % , h o B c e m e y A e J i b H b i ñ B e c p y i H o r o T p y A 3 cHH>K3eTCH MeAJieHHO, a Ha HeKOTOpblX

npeAnpHHTHHX

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A H H a M H K a (})OHAoeMKOCTH n p o A y K H H H . H3B0A.HTejibH0CTH o ó m e c T B e H H o r o HOCTH B 1 9 7 6 — 1 9 8 0

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p e 3 y j i b T 3 T e e e pOCT3 npHpOCT Ha

1%

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npo-

(J)0HA0B00pyHK6HH0CTH 3a 1966—1980 rr. (B % )

ripOH3BOAHTejlbHOCTb OÓmeCTBeHHOrO TpyAa . OoHAOBoopyweHHocTb TpyAa no Hap0AH0My X03HHCTBy npHpocT npoH3BOAHTejibHOCTH TpyAa Ha 1 % npHpocTa (j)OHAOBoopy>KeHHocTH 3a nHTHJie-

39,0

24,0

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nepHOAOM

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c o o T H o m e H H e TeMnOB yxyAuiHJiocb

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nP0H3B0AHTEJIbH0CTb T P y f l A H 3K0H0MHHECKHH POCT

BJIOJKeHHH B p e K O H C T p y K U H I O

KanHTaJIbHbiX

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npeAnpHHTHH,

npoMbimjieHHOCTb,

23

pa3BHTHH

ceJibCKoe

(J)OHAO-

xo3hhctbo),

M e a ^ e H H o r o o c B o e H H H n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B e H H b i x MOUiHOCTeñ, H e f l o c T a T o q H o r o H5I O p r a H H 3 a U H H

npOH3BOflCTBa

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npeflnpHHTHHX,

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p a 3 p a 6 o T K H MeHee ó o r a T b i x H 6 o j i e e T p y A H o a o c T y n H b i x MecTopo>KAeHHH. B MHHyBUieH ÜHTHJieTKe 3 a T p a T b I Ha A O f í b l i y c jihiuhhm

p a 3 a Bbirne, h g m b n e p n o A A o

h h h Ha A o ó b i n y J K e ^ e 3 H o ñ p y A M 3a

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TaK, B ABa

1972 r.; y A e j i b H b i e KanHTajiOB.flO}Ke-

15 JieT B b i p o c A H r i c u m i b T p n p a 3 a .

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b HeKOTopoñ cTeneHH

Bce

íiobahhji

H OTHOCHTejIbHO ÓbICTpblH pOCT UeH f i a MHOTHe BHAbI O Ó O p y A O B a H H H nO C p 3 B HeHHK) c y B e j i H M e H H e M e r o

np0H3B0AHTe^bH0CTH.

B o j i e e ÓbICTpblH pOCT npOH3BOAHTejIbHOCTH T p y A a ctom

(J)OHAOBOopyxeHHOCTH — ycjiOBHe

n o CpaBHeHHIO c

(J)OHAoeMKOCTH

CHH>KeHHH

>Ke ^ O H A O e M K O C T H , M 3 T e p H 3 J I 0 e M K 0 C T H H K a n H T a A O e M K O C T H

UHH. POCT

A y K U H H CnOCOÓCTByeT nOBblIIieHHK) HOpMbI npOH3BOACTBeHHOrO

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a He n p o c T O Ha h x

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pOCT 3(J)4)eKTHBHOCTH, npOH3BOAHTejlbHOCTH

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c t h MejKAy n o T p e ó j i e H H e M h H a K o n ^ e H n e M , Me>KAy oS-beMOM CTpOHTejIbCTBa

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njiaTeKecnocoÓHbiM y C K O p H T b pOCT

cnpocoM

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npOnOpUHOHaAbHO-

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npOH3BOACTBa,

3KOHOMHH B c e x

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j i h , cpeACTB H npeAMeTOB T p y A a , SHeprHH, npnpOAHbix p e c y p c o B Ha e A H H H u y o ó m e c T B e H H o r o

npoAyKTa. B

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h

npoiiiAoro

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