Voprosy ėkonomiki: 7/1984 Iyul' [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9783112622780

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1 p y 6 . n p n p o c T a TOBapHOH npoAyKUHH 3a CMÊT T e x H H H e c K o r o nepeBOOpy>KeHHH B 1984 r. ß y a y T Ha 4 0 — 4 5 % HHJKË, qeivi 3a e n e i p a c m n p e H H a fleñcfByiOUíHX H CTpOHTejIbCTBa HOBblX npeanpHHTHH. B MaiIIHHOCTpoeHHH ÖJiarOa a p a TexHHMecKOMy nepeBOopysceHHio npoH3BoacTBa O Ä H a a e T c a 5 0 % npHp o c T a TOBapHOH npoayKUHH H y c j i o B H o e BbicBo6o>KaeHHe 190 THC. p a òoTaiomHX. B rijiaHHpoBaHHH T e x H H n e c K o r o n e p e B O o p y m e H H a nocTeneHHO o c y m e c T BJiHeTca n o B o p o T OT p a H e e n p e o ö j i a a a B i i i H X KojiHHecTBeHHbix pemeHHH' (npHpOCT MOIUHOCTeH, JIHKBHÄaUHH y3KHX MecT H T. n . ) K KaqecTBeHHbiM (oÔHOBjieHHe npoH3BoacTBeHHoro annapaTa, noBbimeHHe TexHHnecKoró ypOBHH, KOHUeHTpaUHH KanHTajIbHblX BJIOHieHHH H T. n.).. BMeCTe C TeM 3üecb HMeiOTca e i n e 6 o j i b i i i n e pe3epBbi RJIH y c K o p e H H » n p o u e c c a HHTeHcn(})HKau.HH npoH3BoacTBa Ha 6 a 3 e e r o T e x H H q e c K o r o nepeBoopy>KeHHfl. T a K , PaccHHTaHo: «HapoÄHoe XO3HHCTBO CCCP. 1922—1982». CKHH E»EROÄHHK. H3AaTejítCTBO «OHHAHCBI

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B o6meM oó-beMe Ba^ioBoro o6mecTBeHHoro npo/iyKTa B 1982 r. no cpaBHeHHio c 1970 r. Ha6jno/iajiocb noBbimeHHe HOJIH npoMbimjieHHOCTH ( c 63,5 AO 64,1%), TpancnopTa H CBH3H (C 4,0 AO 4,5%) n p n CHNSCEHHH FLOJIH CejIbCKOrO X03HHCTBa (C 16,1 flO 13,8%), CTpOHTejIbCTBa (c 10,5 ÜO 9,3%) H SHauHTejibHOM yBejiHHeHHH HOJIH o c T a j i b H b i x OTpacjieñ M a T e p n a j i b Horo n p o H 3 B o a c T B a (ToproBJiH, 3ar0T0B0K, M a T e p H a j i b H O - T e x H H q e c K o r o CHafijKeHHH, oómecTBeHHoro nHTaHHH H a p . — c 5,8 IIO 8,3%). B CBH3H C 3THM CJieAyeT OTMeTHTb, ^TO B 1982 r. Ha 1 MJIpfl. CTOHMOCTH OCHOBHblX (})OHHOB

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56

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np0H3B0flCTBe. CneuHfJjHqecKGH cjjyHKUHeñ KpeaHTa h b j i h ê t c h coáaaHHe KpeHHTHbix c p e j c T B oöpameHHH. 3a c^eT aBHJKeHHH Kpe^HTa yBejiHqHBaeTca h j i h yMeHbiuaeTCH KOJiHMecTBO aeHe>KHbix (njiaTe>KHbix) cpeacTB, HaxojHi i i h x c h b oöpameHHH b jeHe>KHOM o ó o p o T e cTpaHbi. HMeeTCfl b BHuy, ecTeCTBeHHO, eaHHblH J6He>KHbIH OÖOpOT, BKJIK3H3IOIII,HH HaJIHHHblH H Öe3HaJlHKeHHH H H3MeHeHHH KOJiH^ecTBa KpeÄHTHbix cpeacTB oöpameHHH. Bbifla^a KpeaHTa 03HaHaeT npeHMymecTBeHHO yBejiH^eHHe KOJiHMecTBa KpeaHTHbix cpeacTB b oöpameHHH, noraiueHHe c c y a — yMeHbiueHHe s t h x cpeflCTB. B sKOHOMHtjecKoft JiHTeparype öbiTyeT MHeHHe o KpeaHTHOM xapaKTepe coBeTCKHX aeHer C s t h m yTBep>K,neHHeM TpyaHO connacHTbcn. B T o p n i H a n , np0H3B0ÄHaH KaTeropHH (KpeaHT) He MO>KeT xapaKTepH30BaTb COAep>KaHHe OTHOCHTejIbHO nepBHHHOH, CpaBHHTeJIbHO 6a30B0H KaTeropHH. J t p y r o e a e J i o — h t o ó o j i e e c j i o í k h o , — npQH3BO,HHaH KaTeropHH m o j k c t H AOJIJKHa aKTHBHO HCn0JIb30BaTbCH flJIH SKOHOMHieCKOrO peryjiHpoBaHHH CBH3eH, xapaKTepH3yeMbix npeamecTByiomeH KaTeropneH, t o ecTb KpeaHT BbicTynaeT o ä h h m h 3 s K O H O M H q e c K H x peryjiHTopoB a e H O K H o r o o ö o p o T a , a ToqHee — KojiHiecTBa njiaTe>KHbix cpeacTB, H a x o a n m H x c H b oöpameHHH. O h HBJiaeTCH He TOJibKO xospac^eTHOH KaTeropneft (TaK ero b o c h o b h o m Ha3biB a tot ) , a o t h o c h t c h K KHoro o ó o p o T a Been CTpaHbT. B e 3 H a j i H M H a a h H a j i H M H a n c4>epbt ^eHOKHoro o ö o p o T a — Ä ß e m3cth ea-HHoro uejioro. O h h He TOJibKO TecHo B3aHMocBH33Hbi, h o h npHHimnHajibHO e^HHbi; aeHbrH b x o a e aBH>KeHHH MoryT MeHHTb (|)opMbi cBoero (JjyHKUHOHHpoBaHHH (/iBH^eHHíi), nepexoAHTb H3 OAHOH ccj)epbi b a p y r y i o . 9 t o 03HaiaeT, ^ t o p e r y j i n p y r o m e e BJiHHHHe xpeaHTa pacnpocTpaHHeTca He TOJibKo Ha óe3HajiH^Hyjo ccj)epy aeHOKHoro o ö o p o T a , h o h Ha Becb o ö o p o T .

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o x B a ^ e H a npsMbiM Hap0ÄH0X03HHCTBeHHbiM nJiaHHpoB3HHeM. O H a ynpaBJiHerCH KOCBeHHO, nOCpe^CTBOM TBKHX n^aHOBblX HHCTpyMeHTOB, KSK Kpe^HTHbiH n ^ a H cTpsHbi h njiaH KpeÄHTHbix pecypcoB. B uejiOM no CTpaHe ö s h k o b CKHe c c y ^ b i MoryT BbiAaBaTbca b n p e ^ e ^ a x HMeiomHXCH KpeaHTHbix pecypcoB. B t o m e BpeMH Há3pe^a HeoóxoaHMOCTb nocTeneHHoro n e p e x o ^ a k pa3paöoTKe e^HHoro njiaHa aeHe>KHoro oöopoTa CTpaHbi, k h c h h c j i c h h i o n^aHOBoro KOJiHHecTBa aeHer, cooTBeTCTByiomero oómecTBeHHO Heoóxo^HMbiM noTpeÖHOcTHM una y c n e m H o r o BbinojiHeHHH njiaHOB SKOHOMH^ecKoro h c o una^bHoro pa3BHTHH C C C P , b pa3pe3e p e m a i o m n x OTpacjieñ (MaTepnajibHoe npoH3BojicTBo, c(})epa oöpameHHH, Henp0H3B0ÄCTBeHHan ccfiepa h t . a . ) . Hay^Hbie noHCKH "b aaHHoii oö^acTH aoji>KHbi öbiTb cymecTBeHHO pacmHpe1

Cm., HanpHMep, »¡ypHaji «ÄenbrH h KpeAHr» JNs 7, 1982 r., ctp. 16.

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KPEAHT H HHTEHCHHKAUHH IIP0H3B0ACTBA

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26,8%,

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100

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13,6%,

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ra

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1976—1978

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1979—1981

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