Voprosy ėkonomiki: 4/1981 Aprelya [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9783112622988

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V. H o 1 e s o v s k y, Op. cit., p. 41. F. P r y o r, Property and Industrial O r g a n i z a t i o n in C o m m u n i s t and Capitalist Nations. Indiana University Press, 1973, p. 2. 6 I b i d . , p. 372. 7 E. F u r u b o t n , S. P e j o v i c h , Property Rights and Economic Theory. A Survey of Recent Literature («Journal of Economic Literature», December 1972). 8 «Reforms in the Soviet and E a s t e r n European Economies». Toronto — London, 1972, p. 149. 5

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65

B oAHHHafluaToft riHTHjieTKe HaMeqeH AajibHefiiiiHH onepe>KaiomHH pocT BMpaóoTKH sjieKTposHeprHH. E e r0fl0B0e np0H3B0ACTB0 B03pacTeT Ha 2 0 — 2 4 % H AOCTHrHeT B 1985 r. 1 5 5 0 — 1 6 0 0 MJIPA. KBTH no cpaBHeHHio C 1 8 — 2 0 % poera HauHOHajibHoro AOxoAa H 1 8 % pocra NP0H3B0ACTBA T0NJIHBH0-3HepreTHqecKHx pecypcoB. 3jieKTpHc[)HKauHH npHHafljie^HT B A K H A A pcuib B peiueHHH aa^AI HHflyCTpHaJIH3aUHH H nOBbimeHHH StfxJjeKTHBHOCTH CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHH0r0 np0H3B0ACTBa C C C P , B peajiH3auHH nocTaBJieHHoft napTHen NPOAOBOJIBCTBeHHofl nporpaMMbi. X X V I cbe3AOM K N C C HaMeneHO yBejiHHHTb ajieKTpoBOOpyjKeHHOCTb Tpy/ia B CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHH0M npOH3BOflCTBe B 1,4—1,5 pa3a. BYAET yBejiHKH3HH JUOAEFT. CO3A3IOTCH cneu,H3JibHbie npnpoAOoxpaHHHe 3JieKTp0TexH0Ji0rHH, 3a cneT KOTOPHX pacxoA 3JieKTpo3HeprHH B npOMblUIJieHHOCTH MOJKeT B03paCTH Ha 1 5 — 2 0 % . riOBblIIieHHe pOJIH 3JieKTpH(|)HKaUHH -OSyCJlOBJieHO T3K>KE CymeCTBeHHblM H3MeHeHHeM yCJIOBHH 3HeprOCH36>KeHHH HapOAHOrO X03HHCTB3 B nepcneKTHBe. YAopoiKaeTCH np0H3B0ACTB0 KanecTBeHHoro TonJiHBa, npe>KAe Beerò Het})TH. S T O CBH3aHoc nocTeneHHbiM HCHepnaHneM 3anacoB He(|)TH H ra3a B EBPONEFICKOH nacru C C C P , A3AbHeiiiiiHM nepeMemeHHeM OCHOBHHX ueHTpoB AOÓbiHH B ceBepHbie paftoHbi CH6HPH. Bo3pacTaeT AOJIH HHBCCTHUHH, H A y m H X Ha B03MeiU.eHHe Bbl6bIBaiOmHX MOIUHOCTeH, B o6lH,HX KanHTajIOBAOJKeHHHX B TOIIAHBHO-SHeprGTH^eCKHH KOMIIJieKC. YBEJLHHHBAIOTCH paCCTOHHHH TpaHcnopTHpoBKH H6(J)TH H ra3a H KOJiHHecTBO nocTynaiomHx B EBponeiiCKyK) nacTb C C C P H Ha ypaji ToruiHBa H SHeprHH. B pe3yjibraTe COBMeCTHOrO A6HCTBH3 3THX (})3KT0p0B CTOHMOCTb KaHeCTBeHHOrO T0IUIHB3 B OCHOBHHX pafioHax ero Hcn0Jib30BaHHH cymecTBeHHO noBbiuiaeTCH. C POCTOM CTOHMOCTH B0cnp0H3B0ACTBa psóoueft CHJIH, yxyAiueHHeM ROPHOREOJIORHMECKHX YCJIOBHH YAOPO)K3ETCH TSIONE NP0H3B0ACTB0 IUSXTHOro, B 0C06eHH0CTH KOKcyjomerocH, yrjin. KariHTajioeMKOCTb npoAyKUHH TonAHBHO-3HepreTHMecKoro KOMiuieKca H a^eKTposHepreTHKH B03pacTeT H3 1 5 — 2 0 % , A B oTAejibHbix oTpacjinx H Bbime 3a cneT ycHjieHHH sKOJiorHqeCKHX TpeÒoB3HHH H npOBeA6HHH npHpOAOOXp3HHbIX MepOIIpHflTHH. B yCJIOBHHX HOBOH SHepreTH^eCKOH CHTy3UHH H pOCT3 Tpe6oB3HHH K MaciiiTa6aM Hcn0Jib30B3HHH T0njiHBH0-3HepreTHqecKHX pecypcoB AAH o6ecNEIEHHH HaAe>KHoro H SKOHOMHIHOFO 9HeprocH36>KeHHH HapoAHoro XO3HÌÌCTB3 HeoóxoAHMo pemeHHe AByx B33HMH0 AonojiHHiomHx 3aAai: 1) ocymècTBjieHHe KpynHhix CTpyKTypHbix CABHROB B P33BHTHH SHeproX03HHCTB3, HanpaBJieHHblX H3 pe3JIH33UHIO HOBOH CTPSTERHH p33BHTHH TOI1AHBH0-3HepreTHHecK0r0 KOMiuieKca, ajibTepHaTHBHOH (B nepByio onepeAb AJIH CTaiXHOHapHOH 3HepreTHKH) HJHpOKOMy HCn0JÌb30BaHHI0 AOpO)KaK3LU,HX TpaAHUHOHHblX, B OCOÓeHHOCTH KAHECTBEHHBLX, HCTOMHHKOB 3HepTHH; 2) npoBeAeHHe 3(J)(J)6KTHBHOH 3Heproc6eperaiomeH HOJIHTHKH, oóecneHHBAIOIUEH cymecTBeHHoe CHH>KeHHe 3Hepr0eMK0CTH HapoAHoro XO35JHCTB3. B CTpyKType TonjiHBHO-SHepreTHHecKoro KOMnjieKca 0CH0BHbie CABHrH 06ycA0BJieHbi: onepejKaiomHM pa3BHTHeM HAepHOH SHepreTHKH c nocTeneHH H M NPEBP3IUEHHEM ee B BEAYMNFT KOMNONEHT Beerò 3Heproxo3aftcTBa CTpaH H H B nepByio onepeAb ajieKTposHepreTHKH; ycKopeHHbiM POCTOM AofibiHH yrJIH 33 CHeT OTKpbITblX pa3pa60T0K B BOCTOqHblX paftOHaX CTpaHbl (pa3BHTHe 3KH6acTy3CKoro, Ky3HeuKoro H KaHCKo-AqHHCKoro óacceHHOB), a TaKX E ocBoeHHeM THAposHeprHH peK STHX paHOHOB; paunoHaAbHbiM Hcri0^b30BaHHeM KauecTBeHHoro TonJiHBa. ripn STOM A O A M H 3 yBeJiHqHBaTbCH A o 6 b m a ra3a, HTO cnocoócTByeT coKpameHHK) noTpeÓJieHHH He^JTH H He(J)TenpoAyKTOB, npe>KAe Beerò B K3MecTBe KOTeJibHO-nenHoro TOIUIHBS; nocTeneHHbiM OCBOeHHeM HOBblX HCTOMHHKOB H HOBblX MeTOAOB npOH3BOACTB3 SHEPTHH, n p e » A e Beerò re0TepM3AbH0H, coAHe^Ho« 3HeprHH, TepMonAepHoro cHHTe3a. 5. «Bonpocbl 3KOH0MHKH» N° 4.

66

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pa3BHTHfl Ta-Kiie 3ainopT STHX npo^YKTOB npesciaBH.i B 1979 r . Becouyio AOJIIO B npo,na®e OTAe.ibHux T0Bap0B: KOHcepBLi n ; i o ¡ j o o B o m H b i e — 1 7 , 3 % , (Jpyiabi, aroflbi 11 BHHOr p a f l — 1 8 , 4 , umpycoBbie — 1 3 , 5 , cyxo$pyKTbi — 6 , 9 , BUHO • pa3Hoe H KOHbHK 5,3—8,8 % . H e y i a o H H b i ñ POCT AOXOJOB naeejieinia H n p e w i o x e H i i a npojyKTOB nHTaHHa o í y c j i o BHJI YBEJIHNEHHE HX npofla;i;.n B rocyflapcTBeHHoa H KOonepaTiiBHoñ ToproBJie. 06'ben npoaaatu NPOFLOBOJIBCTBEMIBIX MAPOB 11a Aymy nacejieiraa B cTpanax C 9 B BO3POC B COnocTaBH.Mbix nenax 3a 1 9 6 0 — 1 9 7 9 r r . B H P B B 2,6 pa3a, B B H P — B 2 , 5 , B W — B 2 , 0 , B MHP — B 1,8, B CPP - B 3,9, B C C C P — B 2 , 3 , B TCCP — B 1,9 pasa. B

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B ofiméM SKCNOPTE coctaBHJia: B H P B — 2 5 , 5 % , B B H P — 2 3 , 9 , B r f l P — 6 , 1 , B M H P — 72,1, B C P P — 17,1, B C C C P — 9 , 3 , B H C C P — 7,8%. 3 CorJiacHo p a c i e i a M O A O , ofiecneyeHHe HacejienHH npo^oBOJibCTBHeM Ha ' a y u i y HaceJiéHHa B Áerib (1978—1979 rr'.) cocTaBHJio: rio BceM cTpáHaM MHpa — 2 7 0 6 Kajiopiiff, no cTpaHáM Esponbi — 3806, no couHajiHCTHqecKHM cTpakaM — 3936, no C C C P — 3913. 4

CM. « B o n p o c u 3K0H0MHKH» Ks 10, 1979 r . , c i p . 99.

109

nPOH3BOflCTBO nPEflMETOB nOTPEBJIEHHfl B CTPAHAX C3B

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5 rio oT^ejibHbiM CTp3H2M 3TOT pocT cocTaBiu: B H P B — c 81,8 MJIH. py6. RO 445 MJIH. py6., HJIH B 5,4 pa3a, B B H P — c 85,8 AO 740 MJIH. pv6., HJIH B 8,6 pa3a, B r j l P — co 176 AO 1022 MJIH. py6., HJIH B 5,8 pa3a, B C P P — c 31,6 no 454 MJIH. py6., HJIH B 14,5 pa3a, B C C C P — c 89,3 no 580 MJIH. py6., HJIH B 6,5 pá3a, B 4 C C P - - c 233,4 a o 897 MJIH. py6., HJIH B 3,8 pa3a. AOJIH npoMbiuiJieHHbix TOBapoB HapoaHoro. noTpeSjieHHH B OÓUIEM 3KCnopTe B 1979 r. cociaBHjia: B H P B — 9 , 4 % , B B H P — 1 8 , B T ^ P — 1 4 , 9 , B M H P — 1 0 1 B C P P —16,3, B C C C P —2,3, B 4 C C P — 16,5%.

P. y J I T A H E A E B

110

c p o i m y i o u,e:ieByio n p o r p a i o i y MANTHOH

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111 «Business T r a n s a c t i o n s with the USSR». New York, 1975, p. 64—67; F. H o 1 zm a n, Foreign Trade under Central P l a n n i n g . H a r w a r d University Press, 1974, p. 24, 141 — 142; J. W i 1 c z y n s k i. Op. cit., p. 175; «Soviet Economic and Political Relations with the Developing World». New York — W a s h i n g t o n — London, 1975, p. 43, 56. 11

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6yp«k. KßHrJieft ocBemaeT 3Ty npoôjieMy b ueJioM äoctsto^ho oôteKTHBHO (J. Q u i g 1 e y, The Soviet Foreign Trade Monopoly. Institutions and Laws. Ohio S t a t e University Press, 1974).

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1 CM. aKaA. T. X a i a T y p o B , O y T i i noBbimeHHH SCJ)(|)GKTHBHOCTH K a n n T a j i b H b i x B^O>KGHHH. ( « B o n p c c b l 3KOHOMHKH» .NTs 7, 1979 r., CTp. 130). 2 «í>aKTOp BpeMeHH B m i a H O B O ñ SKOHOMHKe». H3ÄaTejIbCTBO «SKOHOMHKa», 1978 R., CTp. 143.

132

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