Voprosy ėkonomiki: 11/1981 Noyabr' [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9783112622766

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6

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B. H. J1 e h h h, nojiHoe coôpaHHe ccmHHeHHñ, t. 36, CTp. 7.

COBEPIIIEHCTBOBAHHE TEXHOAOTHH B 0PRAHH3AIJHH NJIAHHPOBAHHH

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20

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COBEPIUEHCTBOBAHHE TEXHOJIOrHH H OPrAHH3AIIHH I1JIAHHPOBAHHH

23

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B p H f l e CJiyn a e B s t o cAep>KHBaeT AeñcTBHe yKa3aHHbix n p H p o A o o x p a H H T e A b H b i x s k t o b , T a n K a n CKOJib o c T p o HH CTOHJia 6bi n p o ö ^ e M a p e a j i H 3 3 u . H H S K O J i o r n q e c K H X nporpaMM, h x o c y m e c T B J i e H H e m o > k ê t 6biTb o ò e c n e q e H O JiHuib n p n y c j i o BHH, q T o o ö m e c T B o p a c n o j i a r a e T o o o T B e T C T B y i o l h h m h b o 3 m o > k h o c t h m h BbiAejieHHH c p e a c T B 6 e 3 o m y T H M o r o y m e p ô a a a j i p e m e H H H A p y r n x B a i K H b i x H a p o a H0X03HHCTBeHHbIX 3 a f l a H . Pau.H0Ha.JiH3aii.nH n p H p 0 A 0 n 0 A b 3 0 B a H H H HMeeT a b 3 a c n e K T a : H c n 0 A b 3 0 BHHHe n p n p o f l H b i x p e c y p c o B h o x p a H a 0 K p y > K 3 i 0 m e H c p e A b i . O c o ö o e 3 H a q e HHe n p n o ö p e T a e T n p o ö j i e M a H c n 0 j i b 3 0 B a H H H 3 e M e j i b H o r o t p O H ^ a C T p a H b i . B 1 9 6 8 r . B e p x o B H b i H C o B e T C C C P yTBepAHA « O c h o b m 3 e M e j i b H o r o 3 a K 0 HOflaTe^bcTBa C o i o 3 a C C P » , h t o npHBejio k 3aMeTH0My y ^ y q m e H H i o coc t o h h h h 3 e M e ^ b H o r o ( J j o H ^ a C T p a H b i . O f l H a n o e m e H a ô A i o a a e T C H TeHAeHUHH C O K p a m e H H H CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHHbIX yrOAHH B p e 3 y » l b T a T e HX O T T O p X e H H H AAH HeCejlbCK0X03HHCTBeHHbIX Uejieíl. no OpHeHTHpOBOMHbIM o u e H K a M , K 2 0 0 0 r . Ó y a e T 3 3 H H T 0 CTpOHTeAbCTBOM, rOpHblMH B b i p a Ô O T K a M H , HH>KeH e p H b l M H H T p a H C n o p T H b l M H KOMMyHHKaUHHMH H A p y r H M H OÔTjCKTaMH OKOa o 4 0 — 4 5 m a h . r a , b t o m h h c a c o k o a o 10 m a h . r a n a u i H H . 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J l 0 3 a H 0 B C K a a , fl. O p j i O B , 3 a couHajincTHqecKoe OTHouieHHe k NO^BeHHbiM pecypcaM («Kommyhhct» JMs 3, 1981 r., CTp. 58). 7 Cm. n . T. O JI A a k, CoBpeMeHHoe i i p o h 3 b o a c t b o h oKpyxaromaH c p e a a . HobochÖHpcK. H3ÄaTe^bCTBo « H a y n a » , 1979 r., CTp. 72. 8 Cm. M. fl. JL e m e in e b, E. n . Y m a k o b , O npnpoÄOOxpaHHfaix 3 a a a n a x 3kohoMHieCKOrO pa3BHTHH («SKOHOMHKa H MaTeMaTHHeCKHe MeTOÄbl», 1979 r., T. XV, Bhin I c i p . 24).

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44

H. «PEHTEJIbMAH, H. CMArAPHHCKHH

p e m e H H e A p y r n x He M e H e e , a M o m e T ô b i T b , Ä a m e ô o j i e e B a m H b i x H a p o a H O X 0 3 a ñ c T B e H H b i x 33FLAN. 3 T O T p e ô y e T T m a T e j i b u o r o H3YQEHHH C^HHSHCOBHX H MaiepHajibHbix B03M0>KH0CTeH pea^H3auHH npnpoÄOOxpaHHTe/ibHbix 3KT0B.

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1 Cm., HanpHMep: « S k o h o m h k s pasBHToro conHa.iHCTHqecKoro oömecTBa (ocuoBHbie qepTbi, 3aK0H0MepH0CTH pa3BHTna)». H3iiaTejibCTB0 «3K0H0MHKa», 1977 r., cTp. 432; B. H. M e p K 0 B e u, Pa3BHToe cuHí?a-incTHqecKOe oómecTBo — 3aK0H0Mepnbifi 3Tan Ha nyTH k k o M M y H H3 M y. H 3 jaTejibCTBo «3K0i!0MHKa», 1978 r., CTp. 60; n . F. B y H H q, Xo3aiicTBeHHbifl MexaHH3M p33BHToro cou,najiH3Ma. H3AaTejibCTBo « H a y K a » , 1980 r., CTp. 49; JI. H . A 6 a JI K H H, 4TO TaKOe X03HÍÍCTBeHHbIH MCX3HH3M? H3Aa re.lbCTB0 «Mbic.lb», 1980 r. 2 Cm. «Co3HAaTe.nbHaa CH.ia couHaJiHCTimecKoro copcBiioBaHHH». l-l3AaTe.abCTBO « r i p a B s a » , 1979 r., c i p . 39, 40, 270, 2 9 1 , 294. 3 Cm. «CopCBHOBaHHG B pa3BHTOM COUH3JIHCTHMGCKOM OÖUXGCTBG». H3jaTe.1bCTBO «SKOHOMHKa», 1977 r.; «CopeBHOBaHiie h xo3«HCTBeHHbiñ wexaHH3M pa3BHToro couHa.in3Ma». H3ÄaTe^bCTBO «Mbic.ib», 1979 r.; «TeopeTHfecKne npoôJieMbi couHa^iHCTHiecKoro copeBHOBaHHa», H3AaTe.nbCTBO « H a y n a » , 1980 r.; «CoBepmeHCTBOBaHHe xo3HHCTBeHHoro MexaHH3Ma». H3AaTejibCTBO « r i p a B A a » , 1980 r. h ^p-.

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A. J . C u l y e r , T h e e c o n o m i c s of social policy. L o n d o n , 1973. M. R i b o u d, É t u d e de l ' a c c u m u l a t i o n du c a p i t a l i i u m a i n en F r a n c e ( « R e v u e E c o n o m i q u e » , vol. XXV, Mb 2. P a r i s , 1975). 29 CM. «METOAH 3K0H0MHQECK0R0 AHAJW3A H RUIAKNPOBAHHH 3APABOOXPANEHHH B pa3B H T b i x KanHTajiHCTHiecKHX cTpaHax». B H H H M H . MocKBa, 1974 r., cTp. 30—35 30 A. H o l t m a n h , T h e size a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n of b e n e f i t s f r o m U. S., m e d i c a l r e s e a r c h : t h e c a s e of e l i m i n a t i n g c a n c e r a n d h e a r t d i s e a s e ( « P u b l i c f i n a n c e » , vol. X X V I I I . T h e H a g u e . 1973). 28

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3ATPAT n o AECOHACA>KAEHHHM» 2 . C i o A a BXOAHT p h a NPOAYKTOB T p y a a , KOTOp b i e M o r y T S b i T b H c n 0 ^ b 3 0 B a n b i K a K M a T e p H a j i b H b i e o S o p o T H b i e 4>OHAH. T a K , n p H p o c T 3 a n a c o B n p o K a T a Ha MauiHHOCTpoHTejibHOM n p e A n p H H T H H o ó e c n e H H B a e T n p H p o c T M a i e p H a J i b H b i x o S o p o i H b i x (JJOHAOB, H6O B c j i e A y r o m e M r o A y a a H H b i ñ n p o K a T AOJi>KeH 6 b i T b n o T p e ó j i e H B M a u i H H O C T p o e H H H H n p n STOM e r o cTOHMOCTb u e j i H K O M n e p e ñ ^ e T B c j j o p M e C 0 e H a n p o A y K T M a u i H H o c T p o e HHH. PaccMOTpHM A p y r n e npoayKTbi Tpy^a, HanpuMep, n p n p o c T He3aBepmeHH o r o n p 0 H 3 B 0 f l C T B a npeAM'eTOB n o T p e é j i e H H a . H e 3 a B e p m e H H b i e B T e K y m e M r o A y n p e A M e T b i n o T p e ó j i e H H H S y A y T AOBEAEHBI AO COCTOHHHH r 0 T 0 B H 0 C T H (H 3 a T e M p e a j i H 3 0 B a H b i ) B c j i e / t y i o m e M r o A y . B n p o u e c c e AOBeAeHHH H e 3 a B e p UieHHblX n p e A M e T O B n O T p e Ó j i e H H H AO nOJlHOH TOTOBUOCTH HX CTOHMOCTb B 0 3 p a c T a e T . i l p n STOM CTOHMOCTb H e 3 a B e p m e H H 0 H q a c T H n p e A M e T O B n o T p e G j i e HHH, K O T O p a H 6 b i J i a c o 3 A a H a ( n o He 3 a K O H H e H a ) B T e K y m e M r o A y , He n e p e XOAHT Ha B T o p y i o n a c T b 3THX >Ke n p e A M e T O B B ( J í o p M e C 0 6 , a j m i i i b n p n c o e A H H a e T C H K Hefó KAK q a c T b , c o e r o f l m a H H3 g j i e M e H T O B ( C , V, A i ) . C j i e A O B a TeJibHO, B c a M O M a K T e AOBeAeHHH H e 3 a B e p m e H H b i x n p e A M e T O B n o T p e 6 . n e H H H AO n o A H o ñ TOTOBHOCTH n e p B a a (TO e c T b H e 3 a B e p m e H H a a ) q a c T b He HOCHT n p H 3 H a K 0 B , n p H c y m n x o ó o p o T H b i M c{)OHAaM. f i o o K O H ^ a H H H n p o u e c c a n p o H3BOACTBa TOTOBbie n p e A M e T b i n o T p e ó J i e H H H n e p e A a i O T C H B p o 3 H H q H y r o c e T b , 3 a T e M n o K y n a j O T C H H a c e J i e H H e M H, H a K O H e u , n o T p e 0 A H i o T C H , T a K H He CTaB M a T e p n a J l b H b l M H OÓOpOTHbIMH c{)OHAaMH. Ba>KHO, HTO H a M a K p o s K O H O M H q e c K O M y p o B H e n p e A M e T b i n o T p e f í j i e H H H , H a ^ a T b i e np0H3B0ACTB0M B T e K y m e M r o A y H 3 a B e p m e H H b i e B c j i e A y i o m e M r o A y , n o j i H O C T b K ) BXOAHT c B o e ñ CTOHMOCTBK) B c o c T a B CF)OHAA n o T p e f i j i e H H a CJieA v r o m e r o ROAA. H o C})OHA NOTPE6.JieHHH, KAK H3BecTHO, e c T b QACTB n c n o j i b 3 0 B a H H o r o H a u H O H a j i b H o r o A O x o A a , a HAUHOHAJIBHBIH AOXOA H e o n p e A e A H e T c a n e p e H e c e H H o ñ cTOHMOcTbK) C 0 s . B p e 3 y j i b T a T e CTOHMOCTb H e 3 a B e p m e H H b i x B T e K y m e M r o A y n p e A M e T O B n o T p e f í j i e H H H , XOTH H n e p e x o A H T Ha OÓMECTBEHHBIH n p o A y K T c j i e A y i o m e r o r o A a , HO H e B BHAE CTOHMOCTH C05, n p H H a A J i O K a m e ñ np0H3BeAeHH0My Bajr0B0My 06m.ecTBeHH0My npoAyKTy, a, MHHyH 3TOT 3KT, 0 K a 3 b I B a e T C H B COCTaBe (})OHAa n O T p e f i j i e H H H , TO e c T b OTHOCHTCH K H C n 0 A b 3 0 B 3 H H 0 M y B a j I O B O M y OÓUXeCTBeHHOMy n p O A y K T y . TaKHM 0 6 p a 3 0 M , H e 3 a B e p u i e H H o e np0H3B0ACTB0 npeAMeTOB n o T p e ó J i e HHH He BbinOJIHHeT (fjyHKUHH, X a p a K T e p H b i e AJIH 0 6 0 p 0 T H b I X 4)OHAOB. r i p e A C T a B J i e H H e , 4TO OÓOpOTHbie Ke BXOAHT B C0CT3B n p H p O C T a ( H a K O n J i e H H H ) MaTepnajIbHblX OÓOpOTHblX (JjOHAOB. C j i e A 0 B 3 T e ^ b H 0 , MO>KHO 0>KHA3Tb, HTO B 6 y A y i H . e M TOAV CTOHMOCTb n p n p o c T 3 H e 3 a B e p m e H H o r o C T p o H T e j i b C T B a AOJiíKHa n e p e ñ T H B 4>OpMe C 0 6 H 3 H e K O T O p b l í í n p O A y K T . O A H 3 K 0 B AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH HHHer o n o A O Ó H o r o He n p o H c x o A H T . H a n p o T H B , A H H a M H K a H e 3 a B e p m e H H o r o C T p o n TeJIbCTBS BO MHOTOM COOTBeTCTByeT TeHAeHUHHM p a 3 B H T H H H e 3 a B e p m e H H O r O n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B a n p e A M e T O B n o T p e Ó A e H H H . C T p o H T e J i b H b i e o6"beKTbi, y q T e H H b i e B n p H p o c T e H e 3 a B e p u i e H H o r o c T p o H T e A b C T B a , B C^EAYIOMEM ROAY ÉYAYT AOC T p a H B a T b C H , B p e 3 y A b T a T e n e r o npoAOJi>KHTCH YBEJIHNEHHE HX CTOHMOCTH. C^eAOBaTeJibno, npHpocT He3aBepineHHoro cTpoHTejibCTBa He BbinoAHaeT c})yHKUHH M a T e p H a j T b H b l X OÓOpOTHblX CJ)OHAOB. K o r A a ' > K e C T p O H T e j I b H b i e o ó t eKTbi 6 y A y T n o A H o e T b i o r o T O B b i H c A a H b i 3 a K a 3 H H K y , OHH n p e B p a m a i O T C H B OCHOBHbie 4>0HAbI. B o ó m e c T B e H H O M n p o A y K T e CTOHMOCTb n p n p o c T a H e 3 a B e p m e H H o r o C T p o H T e j i b C T B a y q H T b i B a e T C H n p u M e p H o T a K « e , KaK H CTOHMOCTb H e 3 a B e p u i e H H O 2 CM. «MEXOFLHQECKHE yKa3aHH5i K pa3p&6OTKE rocyaapcTBeHHbix nJiaiiOB SKOHOMHMGCKoro H couHa^bnoro pa3BHTHH C C C P » . H3AaTe^facTBo «SKOHOMHKa», 1980 r., cTp. 78.

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3 B 9K0H0MHiecK0¡j .THTepaType c y m e c r a y i o T n p e j . ' i o w e H i i H , 6KE RO-

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1U.HHCH H a HAQAJIO ROFLA, N P O H 3 B E A E H T P Y A O M N P O U I A B I X A E T . OflHaKO, KOrAa paCCMaTpHBaeTCJl HblH

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B TeiKAAJTCH HEOÄHOKPATHO. B QACTHOCTII, A . HOTKHH npeA-NARAJI He OTOWAecTBJiHTb .NPIIPOCT OCHOBHMX (})OHÄOB C HX roAOBbiM HAKON.IEHHEM: «ILPHPOCT ((JOHAOB— ECTB HAKORUEHHE OßMECTBEHHORO ÖORATCTBA B ASHHOM ROÄY, HO STO NE 3H3HHT, TJTO OH MO/KET OTOJKAECTBJLHTBCH C HaKOIMeHHOH MACTBLO HAUHOHajibHoro A o x o A a AaHHoro roAa. MCTO^HHK npHpocTa... OCHOBHMX C})OHAOB B AaHHOM roAY — HAMIOHAJIBHBIII aoxop. HE TO^BKO ÄAHHORO, HO H NPEAM^YIUHX JIET» (CM. «CounajiHCTHQECKOE HAKON^eHHe. Bonpocbi TEOPHH H N^AHHPOßAHHFL». H3ÄATE.'ibcTB0 « H A Y N A » , 1973 R.,

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CHMBONPKMET (9)

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B. Il.t — BJl.t

=

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roAOBoro

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B. N.T = KW ME B. [J.1 — M O i i H ^ H U H p o B a H H b i H mecTB.eHHoro n p o a y K T a .

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«Nova mysl», A1» 5, 1981, S. 158.

108

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XXVI CbE3A Kncc H nPOBJIEMbl 3K0H0MHHECK0H TEOPHH

121

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122

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