Voprosy ėkonomiki: 1/1985 Yanvar’ [Reprint 2021 ed.] 9783112579862, 9783112579855

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14

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B c e ß o j i b i n y i o p o j i b B n p a K T H q e c K O M peineHHH a a H H b i x B o n p o c o B n r p a e T c o u H a j i b H a a aKTHBHocTb T p y n f l m n x c H M a c c , TO ecTb c a M o r o coBOKynH o r o p a ö o T H H K a . H e ñ c T B e H H o e o c y m e c T B J i e H H e TpeÖOBaHHH « O T K a j K n o r o n o c n o c o ö H O C T H M » , 3 a H H T e p e c o B a H H o e H O T B e T C T B e H H o e o f H o u i e H H e K KOHEMHBIM p e 3 y j i b T a T a M c o B M e c T H o r o T p y a a , y n a c r a e B p a 3 p a Ö 0 T K e H BbinojiH E H H H n j i a H O B , B n o a r o T O B K e H p a c c T a H O B K e K a a p o B — B c e S T H 4>opMbi TBopweCKOH Ä H 3 H e a e H T e J I b H 0 C T H JIIOaeH o 6 p a 3 y i O T JKHByiO T K a H b o ö o ß m e CTBJieHHH Ha a e j i e . r i o s T O M y flajibHeñinee p a 3 B H T H e c o u H a j i H C T H q e c K O H n e MOKpaTHH H e n o c p e a c T B e H H o B c4)epe M a T e p n a j i b H o r o n p 0 H 3 B 0 H C T B a BbiCTyn a e T K a K Ba>KHafl n p e n n o c b i J i K a H B M e c T e c TeM K a K p e 3 y j i b T a T n o B b i m e HHfl y p o B H H e r o o 6 o 6 m , e c T B j i e H H H .

H. CycAoe

H H T E H C M ^ H K A U H F L — OETJEKTHBHAJI 3 A K 0 H 0 M E P H 0 C T b PA3BHTHJI 3 K 0 H 0 M M K H OEBPAJIBCKHH (1984 r.) ÍI^EHYM U K K n C C , K0HKPETH3HPYA NOJIOXIEX X V I CBE3AA n a p T H H o NYRNX OCYMECTBJIEHHH EE S K O H O M M H C C K O H CTPATERHH Ha NEPNOA 80-X TOAOB N P H M E H H T E J I B H O K 3 A A A N A M A ß E H A A U S T O H ITHTHJIETKH, NOANEPKHYJI: «HOßAA NAM/IETKA NPEJKAE BEERÒ AOJIJKHA CTATB H A ^ A J I O M RYIYÔOKHX K A Q E C T B E H H W X H3MEHEHHÑ B N P 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B E , N H T H J I E T K O H PEUIAROMERO NEPEJIOMA B AEJIE HHTEHCH(})HKAU,HH Bcex OTPACJIEÑ HARNERO HaPOAHORO XO3HÑCTBA. COBPEMEHHAA MATEPHAJIBHO-TEXHHQECKAN 6A3A H CHC T E M A YNPABJIEHHA A O J I J K H H OÓPECRA HOBBIE, ÔOJIEE B H C O K H C KANECTBA». HHH

Ilo M e p e K A W E C T B E H H B I X H3MeHeHHH B M a T e p n a j i b H O H 6 a 3 e

npOH3BOACT-

Ba, YCKOPEHHH HAYMHO-TexHHMecKoro NPORPECCA BO3HHK3K)t oö-BEKTHBHAA HEOÖXOÄHMOCTB H p e a J I b H a H B03M05KH0CTb MaCCOBOTO OÖHOBJieHHH CPEFLCTB N P 0 H 3 B 0 Ä C T B A , 3 A M E H H I YCTAPEBAIOUIHX OPYAHH TPYAA H TCXHOJIOITHH HOBHMH, ÓOJIEE K A N E C T B E H H B I M H , B PEMAIOMEÑ CTENEHH ONPEAEJINIOMHMH AHHAM H K Y HHTEHCH(J)HKAUHH H B B I F L B H R A I O M H M H EE HA RJIABHOE MECTO B PACINNPEHHOM B0CNP0H3B0ACTBE. K. MAPKC, XAPAKTEPH3YA PA3^HMHBIE NYTH PACUIHPEHHH NP0H3B0FLCTBA, NNCAJI, M TO «HAKONJIEHHE, NPEBPAMEHHE NPNÔABOHHOH CTOHMOCTH B KANHTAJI, NO CBOEMY PEAJIBHOMY COAEPXCAHHIO ECTB NPOUECC BOCNPOH3BOFLCTBA B PACUIHPEHHOM MACUITAÔE, HE3ABHCHMO OT TORO, BBIPAJKAE T C H JIN TAKOE PACIUNPEHHE S K C T C H C H B H O , N Y T E M CTPOHTEJIBCTBA H O B H X 4>A6PHK B AONOJLHEHHE K C T a p H M , HJIH HHTEHCHBHO, NYTEM YBEJLHHEHHH MACIHTA6A NP0H3B0ACTBA HA AAHHOM NPEANPHHTHH» SKCTeHCHBHHH n y T b p o c T a 6 a 3 H p y e T C H H A p a c n p o c T p a H e H H H y x e C A O J K H B U I H X C H TeXHOJIOrHÖ, IipHeMOB H CnOCOÔOB OpraHH3aUHH npOH3BOACTBa. O H NPEANOJIARAET NPONOPIIHOHAJIBHBIFI NPNPOCT BCEX AJIEMÇHTOB H (J)aKT0p0B np0H3B0flCTBa, BOBjieweHHe a o n o ^ H H T e j i b H W X p e c y p c o B B CJIOJKHBIIIHXCH COOTHOMEHHHX H A NPEJKHEÑ TEXHOJIORH^ecKofl o c H O B e . H H T C H C H B H U H JKe n y T b

CBH33H C NPHMEHEHHEM 6O;IEE AIJXJJEKTHBHBIX CPEACTB NP0H3B0ACTBA, A NOYCJIOAHH3-

TOMy H C H3MeHeHHHMH B C T p y K T y p e npOH3BOACTBeHHbIX (})aKTOpOB H BHHX HX B3aHMOAeHCTBHH. ^HHÂMHMHOCTB NOCJIEAHHX ONPEAEJIHET H MHKY HHTEHCH^HKAUHH H SKOHOMHHECKHÖ n p O r p e C C B OÖMECTBE.

N O CBOEMY CYMECTBY HHTEHCH({)HK3UHH HBJIHETCH MHORO(J)AKTOPHBIM NPOUECCOM P 3 3 B H T H H S K O H O M H K H . O H A H E N O C P E A C T B E H H O B 3 A H M 0 C B « 3 A H A C NPOH3BOAHTEJIBHOH CHJIOH TPYAA, AHHAMHKOH EE P33BHTHH. OPOH3BOAHTEJIBH3H CHJia TPYAA «ONPEAEJIAETCH PA3H006PA3HBIMH OÓCTOHTEJIBCTBAMH, MEACAY NPO^HM CPEAHEÑ CTENEHBIO HCKYCCTBA PAÖONERO, YPOBHEM PA3BHTH3 HAYK H H CTENEHBIO EE TEXHOJIONMECKORO NPHMEHEHHH, OßMECTBEHHOß K O M 6 H H 3 U H E Ñ NP0H3B0ACTBEHH0R0 NPOU,ECC3, PA3MEPAMH H 3(J)(J)EKTHBH0CTBI0 CPEACTB NPOH3BOACTBA, NPHPOAHMMH YCJIOBHHMH» 2. B a H a ^ H 3 e HHTeHCH(J)HKaUHH K A K CJIOJKHOrO HBJieHHH BaJKHOe 3H3HeHHe n p H o ö p e T a e T o n p e A e ^ e H H e B3aHMOCBH3H KOJiHHecTBeHHMx H K a n e c T B e H H b i x n a p a M e T p o B MHO>KecTBa (|)aKTopoB c o u n a j i H C T H H e c K o r o B0cnp0H3B0ACTBa. HHTeHCH(J)HKauHH o c y m e c T B j i H e T C H n p e a c A e B e e r ò n o A B 0 3 A e ñ c T B H e M K a n e c T 1

8

K . M a p K c n O . S H r e j i b c , Con., T. 24, CTp. 360—361.

K. M a p K C il

Sïrejibc, Coi., T. 23, cip. 48.

16

"H.

CyCJIOB

BeHHHX CÄBHrOB. FIoCJieaHHM COnyTCTByKJT KO^HqeCTBeHHbie H3M6H6HHH B aKTOpOB npOH3BOACTBa, 0 6 meCTBeHHOH HX KOMÔHHaUHeH He TOJIbKO Ka^eCTBeHHOrO, HO H KOJIHieCTBeHHoro x a p a K T e p a . flosTOMy HenpaBHjibHO Bee KojiHHecTBeHHbie H3MeHeHHH B 4>aKTopax npOH3BOACTBa oraocHTb K SKCTCHCHBHUM (JjaKTOpaM e r o p o c T a , a6co^K)TH3HpyH 3HaneHHe TAKOÑ npHHHHHo-cjieÄCTBeHHoft CBH3H. HeKOTopbie SKOHOMHCTH, KaK HaM npeflCTaBji«eTCH, BecbMa KaTeropHHHO yTBepjKAaioT, HTO «KOAH^eCTBeHHHH pOCT npOH3BOÄHTeJIbHbIX CHJI OnpeflejIHeT SKCTeHCHBHbiH c n o c o ö pacuiHpeHHH NP0H3B0ÄCTBA, a Ka^ecTBeHHue H3MeHeHHH npoH3B0AHTeJIbHbIX CHJI — erO HHTeHCHBHblH CnOCOÔ» 4 . CoiViaCHO Ä3HHOH TpaKTOBKe, Becb o 6 t e M HOBblX HaKOnjieHHH HeoôxoAHMO 6hUlO 6bl OTHeCTH K SKCTeHCHBHOMy (j)3KTOpy pa3BHTHH, a 3 3 KO H COUHajiHCTHHecKoro HaKonjieHHH SBTOMSTHHCCKH Ao;i>KeH 6 u T b HCKJiroweH H3 HHCJia 33KOHOB HHTeHCHBHOrO paCUIHpeHHOrO BOCnpOH3BOÄCTBa. B np0H3BeaeHHHX KJiaCCHKOB MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma paCCMOTpeHHUe B33HMOCBH3H 3H3JIH3HpyK)TCH MHOrOrpaHHO, TO eCTb KaK B 06lU,HX, TaK H B MaCTHblX npoHBjieHHHX HHTeHCH(j)HK3UHH. B . H. JleHHH, Hcc.rce,nyH 33K0H0MepHbie n p o u e c Cbl H (JjaKTOpU pOCTa HHTeHCHBHOCTH B CeJIbCKOM X03HHCTBe, nHCajI, HTO «ÄaHHue o p a c x o f l a x Ha yAoópeHHe H O CTOHMOCTH o p y ^ n ñ H MSIIIHH cjiyJK3T CaMHM TOIHhJM CTSTHCTHieCKHM BHpa^CeHHeM CTeneHH HHTeHCHC¡)HKaUHH 3eMJieaejiHH» 5 . HeM óojibuie npHMeHHeTen xHMHqecKHX H TexHHueCKHX CpeaCTB Ha npe^npHHTHH, B perHOHe, B CeJIbCKOM X03HHCTBe B UeJIOM, TeM JiyHIIie KOJIHHeCTBCHHbie X3p3KTepHCTHKH P33BHTHH npOH3BO,a,HTeJIbHhIX CHJI H BUUie ypOBeHb HHTeHCHBHOCTH (})yHKUH0HHp0B3HHH aaHHOH 0TP3CJIH, Beerò H3pOAHOrO X03HHCTB3. ri03T0My HapaiUHBaHHe npOH3BOÄHTejIbHbIX CHJ1 Ce^bCKOrO X03HHCTB3 nyTeM HOBblX BJIOJKeHHH A^H e r o MexaHH33UHH, MeJlHOpaU.HH H XHMH33UHH BnOJIHe npaBOMepHO OTHOCHTb K HHTeHCH(J)HKailHH pa3BHTHH aaHHOH OTpaMH 6 . 3KCTeHCHBHMH nyTb pa3BHTHH npOH3BOACTB3 CBH33H C KOJlHieCTBeHHHM pOCTOM Bcex ÂÊHCTByiOmHX e r o (j)3KT0p0B, nOCKOJlbKy OHO OCymeCTBJIfleTCH, KaK npaBHJio, Ha npejKHeñ MaTepHSJibHO-TexHHqecKoü ocHOBe, B npe^cHeñ ({)0pMe (JjyHKUHOHHpOBaHHH (J)3KT0p0B H B npeJKHeH HX OÖmeCTBeHHOfl K0MÔHHaUHH. HHTeHCH4)HKaUHH OÖyCJIOBJieHa KOJIHHeCTBeHHHM pOCTOM p e m a r a IliHX ÄJIH flaHHOrO KOHKpeTHOrO npOH3BOflCTBa 4>aKTOpOB, yBeJIHHeHHeM BJIOHCeHHH Ha HX pa3BHTHe H KaieCTBeHHOe COBepUieHCTBOBaHHe, HTO npHBOAHT K HHOH KOMÔHHaUHH, HHOMy KOJIHieCTBeHHOMy COOTHOHieHHK) H B33HM0AeHCTBHK» HX, 6 0 j i e e HHTeHCHBHOMy (J)yHKUH0HHp0B3HHi0 Bcex p e c y p ç o B H 60Aee BbicoKOMy KOHeqHOMy H3p0flH0X03HHCTBeHH0My pe3yjibT3Ty. r i o Mepe H3K0njieHHH KOJIH^eCTBeHHblX H K3HeCTBeHHWX H3MeHeHHH B ÄpyrHX (})3KT0p3X H3p3CT3eT CTeneHb HHTeHCHBHOCTH, ee MaCUITaÔHOCTb. KojIHMeCTBeHHUe 3 4 5 6

CM. CM. CM. CM.

B. H. JL e H H H, floJiHoe coöpaHHe coqHHeHHH, T. 27, cip. 167—168. «KoMMyHHCT» N° 14, 1983 r., CTp. 41. B. H. JleHHH, IlojiHoe coöpaHHe coqHHeHHH, T. 27, CTp. 159—160. «npaBüa», 8/X 1983 r.

HHTEHCHOHKAItHfl — OBTjEKTHBHAÍI 3AK0H0MEPH0CTb PA3BHTHH 3K0H0MHKH

17

n a p a M e T p b i HëKOTopux (f)3KT0p0B B o o ö m e MoryT y M e H b i i i 3 T b C H , KOMneHCHpyHCb p o c T O M KaiecTBeHHHx Hx napaMeTpOB (HanpHMep, HHCJieHHOCTb p a ÓOTHHKOB, 3eMe^bHbie n j i o m a a n ) . n o j i e 3 H a n OTaana b .ziaHHOM c j i y ^ a e npoHBJineTCH b pa3Hbix kohcwhhx Hap0AH0X03HHCTBeHHbix pe3yjibTaTax. 3 T y OT^a^y, Ha H a m B3rjiHÄ, HenpaBOMepHO CBOÄHTb jiHiiib K OTflane, HanpHMep, b BHfle coBOKynHoro hjih hhCToro npoayKTa. FIojie3Hbie pe3yjibTaTbi 3Aecb npoHBjiaioTCH h b skohomhh p a ö o n e r o BpeMeHH, npnpocTe HHTeji;ieKTyajibHoro n o T e H u n a ^ a , noBbimeHHH n ^ O Ä o p o A H H 3 e M e j i b , j i y m u e f i SKOJiorHMecKoñ c ö a J i a H C H p o ß a H H O C T H , ó o j i e e pe3yjIbT3THBHOH OTÄa^e OT 06"beKT0B COUHaJlbHOH HH(f>pacTpyKTypbi H T. Anojie3Hbie pe3yjibTaTM BbipajKaioT b cBoeñ coBOKynHocTH cymHOCTb HHTeHCHBHOrO p33BHTHH, KaK H BOOÔIIie p3CLUHpeHHOrO BOCnpOH3BOÄCTBa. C o ö c T B e H H O c T b Ha c p e ^ c T B a n p 0 H 3 B 0 f l C T B a o n p e A e ^ a e T uejieHanpaBJieHHOCTb (})aKTOpOB HHTeHCH(J)HKaUHH, (J)OpMH npOHBJieHHH H n p H C B O e H H H KOHe^Hbix pe3yjibTaTOB. nOBHUieHHe HHTeHCHBHOCTH HapOßHOrO X03HHCTB3 03HaHaeT yCKOpeHHe n p o u e c c a nojiyneHHH n o j i e 3 H h i x pe3yjibT3TOB, B03pacT3HHe hx ¿ J i a r o a a p n BJIHHHHK) AeHCTByiOmHX (J)aKTOpOB H BOBJieHeHHHX B X03HHCTBeHHbIH OÓOpOT p e C y p C O B . n O C K O J I b K y X 0 3 H H C T B e H H a H AeflTeJIbHOCTb COUHajIHCTHMeCKOrO 0 6 mecTBa HÖCHT MHoroue^eBOH xapaKTep, nocTOJibKy h n o j i e 3 H b i e pe3yjibT3Thi MHoroo6pa3Hbi n o (})opMaM c B o e r o n p o H B j i e H H H . B o j i e e hjih MeHee qeTKO npoHBjinioTCH c./ie,ayiomHe counajibHO-sKOHOMHqecKHe b h ä h KOHeiHHx HapOAHoxo3HHCTBeHHUx pe3yjibTaT0B: a ) HaTypajibHO-Beiu,ecTBeHHbiH pe3y^bTaT, BbipajKaiomnflcH b pocTe, KanecTBeHHOM yjiymneHHH, jiymueñ HaTypajibHo-BemecTBeHHoñ kom6hh3uhh h pauHOHa^bHOM Hcn0jib30BaHHH npeflMeTOB noTpeöJieHHH H cpeACTB np0H3B0ACTBa Karç, MaTepHaJIbHOH OCHOBbI JKH3HH OÖlUeCTBa; 6 ) CTOH M OCTHOH pe3yjibTaT, x a paKTepH3yK)uiHHCH npnpameHHeM HauHOHajibHoro A o x o ^ a Ha ocHOBe pocTa qHCTOH npOÄyKIXHH, 3K0H0MH6H (JjHHaHCOBhlX CpeßCTB X03HHCTByi0II],HX yqpejKAeHHH, npeAnpHHTHH h o6"be,aHHeHHH; b) Tpyfl03aTpaTHbiH pè3y^bTaT, npOHBJIHIOmHHCH KaK 3KOHOMHH paÖOierO BpeMeHH, KaK CTeneHb e r o BucBoöoÄÄeHHH h pauHOHajibHoro Hcn0jib30BaHHH CBoôo^Horo BpeMeHH bo Bcex c(j)epax jKH3HeaeHTejibH0CTH; r ) HHTejiJieKTyajibHHH pe3yjibTaT, t o ecTb noBbimeHHe KBajiH(j)HKau,HH, o ö o r a m e H H e npo^eccHOHajibHoro onbira, pa3BHTHe MaCTepCTBa, 3H3HHH, CnOCOÖHOCTH K T p y a y ; ä ) 3K0JI0rHieCKHH pe3y^bTaT, xapaKTepH3yiomHH B03AeñcTBHe oômecTBa Ha o K p y x a i o m y i o c p e a y , ee pauHOHajibHoe, 6epe>KjiHBoe Hcn0jib30BaHHe; e ) coxpaHeHHe 3^opOBbH paÓOTHHKa KaK yCJIOBHe 3a3 BOCIlpOH3BOACTB3, e^íerOAHblX H nHTHJieTHHX e r o pe3yjIbTaTOB. 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v = 3 c-V, r a e 3C — cpeaHHH 3apa6oTHaa n^aTa p a ß o T a i o m e r o Ha npeanpHHTHH 3a KaK0ii-T0 BpeMeHHoii n e p n o a oueHKH np0H3B0AHTeabH0CTH T p y a a . T o r a a :

v C yqeTOM (JiopMyabi LUHM 06pa30M:

( 5 ) cj>opMyjibi ( 1 ) h ( 2 )

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v C

v

(6)

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104

HtOÓM Bbipa3HTb nOKa3aTeJIb n p O H 3 B O A H T e J I b H O C T H Tpyfla n o nOJIHbIM 3 a r p a T a M qepe3 noka3aTejib n o BaJioBOä npoAyKUHH, CAejiaeM CJieAyroiHwe

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(8)

û,Jiîî MâKCHMajibHoro ynpomeHHH (J)opMyjibi ( 8 ) BBeAeM TepMHH « n o j i Hbie 3aTpaTbi np0H3B0flCTBa Ha OAHoro p a ö o T a i o m e r o » . Ha30BeM KpaTKOCTH 3TH 3aTpaTbI «yAejlbHbIMH H3Aep>KKaMH npOH3BOACTBa» H 0603HaHHM Hx 6yKBOH M. O o p M y j i a a j i h onpeAejieHHH s t o h BejiHiHHbi HMeeT bha:

H =

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T o r f l a , nocKOJibKy b KKH N P 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B A H CPEAHAN 3 a p a 6 o T H a a NJIATA

pa6o-

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106

B. KA3AK0B

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(13)

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107

H i a K , M U HMeeM:

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(14)

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P a c c e ^ e H u e npeBpamaeTCH B oTHocHTejibHo caMoeroHTejibHbiH cjjaKTop TeppHTOpHaJIbHOH opr3HH3aUHH oómecTBeHHoro npOH3BOACTBa. MeHfleTCH cymecTBOBaBuiaa ao n o c j i e ^ H e r o BpeMeHH c s M o a o B ^ e i o m a í i opHeHTauHH Ha HOCTHJKeHHe r&pOaaMH Ton HJIH HHOH BeJIHHHHbl B 33BHCHMOCTH OT HCXOAHblX KOJiHwecTBeHHbix napaMeTpoB. UejiH ropo^CKoro pa3BHTHH Bce 6o;iee TecHO CBH3bIB3K)TCH C OCHOBHbIMH HeJIHMH COUHa^bHO-SKOHOMHMeCKOrO p33BHTHH Bcero oómecTBa. B s t o h cbh3h B a « e n yqeT HHepHHOHHOCTH paccejieHHH. HHepHHOHHOCTb Bbipa^aeTCH B 3HaqHTejIbHOM npOMe>KyTKe BpeMeHH M e » AJ npoBeAeHHeM MeponpHHTHH, n p e A n o ^ a r a i o u i e r o cooTBeTCTByiomee H3Me' Cm. H. A . H JI b h h, SKOHOMHKa ropoiioB: pernoHa^bHbiñ acneKT pa3BHTHa. TwibCTBo « H a y K a » , 1982 r., cTp. 110.

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109

H6HHe COCTOHHHH r o p o A C K o ñ c p e A M , h OTBCTHOH p e s K U H e ñ HacejieHHH r o p o A a . JXjia M e x a H H H e c K o r o ABHJKCHHH HacejieHHH T a K o ñ n p o M e j K y T O K c o c t a B JIHeT 5 — 1 0 ^ e T , AJlñ eCTeCTBeHHOrO A B H Î K e H H H — HeCKOJIbKO AecHTHJieTHÍi. B H a c T o n m e e BpeMH H B ó ^ H ^ a H u i e ñ n e p c n e K T H B e AHHaMHKa p 3 3 b h t h h r o p o Ä O B ö y a e T n p o A o j i J K a T b H c n b i T h m a T b H e K O T o p o e BJIHHHHC n p e J K H e r o n p e H M y m e c T B e H H O sKCTeHCHBHoro THna 3 K 0 H 0 M H q e c K 0 r 0 p o c î a . B M e c T e c r e M c j i e A y e T HMeTb B BHAy H e n p e p b i B H O B 0 3 p a c T a i o m e e B 0 3 A e ñ c T B H e Ha SKOHOMHKy TOpOÄOB (})aKTOpOB HHTÊHCHBHOrO p O C T a . 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B n e p B o ñ n o j i o B H H e 7 0 - x TOAOB Ha npeAnpHHTHHX c K O j m q e c T B O M p a ô o i a i o m H x c B M i n e 1 0 0 0 q e j i o B e K q n c j i e H HocTb np0MHiiijieHH0-np0H3B0ACTBeHH0r0 n e p c o H a ^ a B C C C P c o c T a B j i H j i a 6 2 , 3 % B c e ñ e r o BGJIHHHHH, B CLLIA — 2 8 , 7 % . B C C C P B c p e A H e M Ha OAHOM n p e A n p H H T H H MauiHHocTpoeHHH p a ô o T a e T 1630 nejioBeK, B ® P T — 2 5 0 q e ^ o B e K 2. 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H e M a j i o B a j K H y i o p o A b B npHBAeKaTeAbHocTH KpynHbix r o p o A O B ÄAH Hace^eHHfl H r p a e T OTHocHTeAbHo 6 o j i e e B H C O K H H y p o B e H b pa3BHTHH c o u n a j i b HO-6biTOBoH HH4)pacTpyKTypbi 3THX ropoAOB. B cy6"beKTHBHOH o u e H K e HX JKHTejien H T a r o T e i o m e r o K HHM HaceAeHHH TaKHe A O C T O H H C T B 3 , KaK pa3HOo 6 p a 3 H e MecT npHAO>KeHHH T p y a a , A y m u e e o ö e c n e n e H H e K y A b T y p H 0 - 6 b i T 0 B 0 r o o ö c j i y Ä H B a H H H H flocyra, n a n n p a B H j i o , nepeBeiuHBaiOT miaHHpoBOHHbie H a K O A o n m e c K H e HeAocTaTKH KpynHbix r o p o A O B . C o B p e M e H H a a AeMorpacJmqecKaH C H T y a u n a , cBOHCTBeHHaa n p y n H U M r o p o A 3 M , cBHaeTe^bCTByeT o TOM, MTO B HHX B p a M K a x e c T e c T B e H H o r o n p n p o CTa He oôecneiiHBaeTCH a a j K e n p o c r o e B0cnp0H3B0ACTB0 HaceAeHHH. 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