183 107 6MB
German Pages 504 [515] Year 2019
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich)
Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) ∙ James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) ∙ Janet Spittler (Charlottesville, VA) J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC)
484
Dualismus, Dämonologie und diabolische Figuren Religionshistorische Beobachtungen und theologische Reflexionen
herausgegeben von
Jörg Frey und Enno Edzard Popkes unter Mitarbeit von Stefanie Christine Hertel-Holst
Mohr Siebeck
Jörg Frey, geboren 1962; Studium der Theologie in Tübingen, Erlangen und Jerusalem; 1996 Promotion; 1998 Habilitation; seit 2010 Professor für Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft mit den Schwerpunkten Antikes Judentum und Hermeneutik an der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich; Research Associate der University of the Free State, Bloemfontein/ Südafrika. Enno Edzard Popkes, geboren 1969; Studium der Theologie und Philosophie; 2004 Pro motion; 2007 Habilitation; seit 2010 Professor für Geschichte und Archäologie des frühen Christentums und seiner Umwelt am Institut für Neues Testament und Judaistik an der Theologischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Stefanie Christine Hertel-Holst ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Lehrstuhl für Systematische Theologie mit Schwerpunkt Ethik an der Theologischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
ISBN 978-3-16-154337-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-155811-5 DOI 10.1628 / 978-3-16-155811-5 ISSN 0340-9570 / eISSN 2568-7484 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2018 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohrsiebeck.com Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für die Verbreitung, Vervielfältigung, Über setzung sowie die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Das Buch wurde von Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen auf alterungsbeständiges Werkdruck papier gedruckt und von der Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren gebunden. Printed in Germany.
9RUZRUW 'DVYRUOLHJHQGH%XFKKDWHLQHODQJHXQGYHUVFKOXQJHQH*HVFKLFKWH$QVHL QHP$QIDQJVWDQGHLQH)DFKWDJXQJGLHYRPELV)HEUXDUDOV9,, 6FKZHUWHU 4XPUDQWDJXQJ XQWHU GHP 7KHPD Ä'XDOLVPXV 'lPRQRORJLH XQG E|VH*HVWDOWHQLQ4XPUDQLPDQWLNHQ-XGHQWXPXQGLPIUKHQ&KULVWHQWXP³ LQGHU.DWKROLVFKHQ$NDGHPLH6FKZHUWHYRQGHQEHLGHQ+HUDXVJHEHUQRUJDQL VLHUWXQGYHUDQVWDOWHWZXUGH'LHVH7DJXQJVROOWHLQVEHVRQGHUH1DFKZXFKVIRU VFKHQGHQ GLH *HOHJHQKHLW JHEHQ PLW GHQ %HIXQGHQ GHU IRUWVFKUHLWHQGHQ (U VFKOLHXQJ GHU 4XPUDQ)XQGH YHUWUDXW ]X ZHUGHQ XQG GLHVH LP .UHLVH YRQ 6SH]LDOLVWLQQHQXQG6SH]LDOLVWHQ]XGLVNXWLHUHQ$XIGLHVH)DFKWDJXQJJHKWHLQ .HUQGHUKLHUYHUVDPPHOWHQ%HLWUlJH]XUFNVRLQQXFHGHUHLQIKUHQGH%HL WUDJYRQ-|UJ)UH\VRGDQQGLH%HLWUlJHYRQ0LFKDHO%HFNHU-DQ'RFKKRUQ -XWWD/HRQKDUGW%DO]HUXQG(LEHUW7LJFKHODDU(LQH5HLKHYRQ5HIHUHQWHQXQG 5HIHUHQWLQQHQGLHVHU7DJXQJPXVVWHQKLQJHJHQDXIGLH$XVDUEHLWXQJLKUHU5H IHUDWH YHU]LFKWHQ VR GDVV GDV .RQYROXW DXV DQGHUHQ 4XHOOHQ HUJlQ]W ZXUGH 'D]X JHK|UHQGLH%HLWUlJHGLHLP6RPPHUEHLP *HQHUDO0HHWLQJGHU 6WXGLRUXP1RYL7HVWDPHQWL6RFLHWDVLQGHUYRQ-|UJ)UH\JHPHLQVDPPLW-RKQ -&ROOLQVJHOHLWHWHQ6HPLQDUJUXSSHÄ7KH'HDG6HD6FUROOVLQ5HODWLRQWR(DUO\ -XGDLVPDQG(DUO\&KULVWLDQLW\³SUlVHQWLHUWZRUGHQZDUHQVRGLH%HLWUlJHYRQ -RKQ-&ROOLQV&KULVWLDQ*UDSSH$OEHUW+RJHWHUSXQG&UDLJ$(YDQV,QHL QHP GULWWHQ 6FKULWW NDPHQ GDQQ ZHLWHUH H[HJHWLVFKH %HLWUlJH KLQ]X VR YRQ 6WHIDQ %H\HUOH XQG GUHL MXQJHQ 1DFKZXFKVZLVVHQVFKDIWOHULQQHQ 0RQLND *|WWH7KHUHVD+HLOLJXQG(VWKHU0DULH-RDV6FKOLHOLFKZXUGHYDGXUFKGLH %HPKXQJYRQ(QQR(G]DUG3RSNHVGHU5HLJHQGHU%HLWUlJHQRFKEHUGHQ H[HJHWLVFKUHOLJLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ%HUHLFKKLQDXVHUZHLWHUWPLW5HIOH[LRQHQ ]X V\VWHPDWLVFKWKHRORJLVFKHQ XQG SUDNWLVFKWKHRORJLVFKHQ $VSHNWHQ GLH LQ GHQ%HLWUlJHQYRQ+DUWPXW5RVHQDX3KLOLSS'DYLG0DLNH6FKXOWXQGVFKOLH OLFKDXFKLQGHQ5HIOH[LRQHQYRQ(QQR(G]DUG3RSNHV]XU6SUDFKHNRPPHQ ,QGHU=ZLVFKHQ]HLWVLQGLPVHOEHQ9HUODJHLQLJHDQGHUH%lQGH]XYHUZDQG WHQ7KHPHQNUHLVHQHUVFKLHQHQVRGHU%DQGYRQ-DQ'RFKKRUQ6XVDQQH5XG QLJ=HOW XQG %HQMDPLQ :ROG +J Das Böse, der Teufel und die Dämonen :817,, GHU%DQGYRQ&KULV.HLWKXQG/RUHQ76WXFNHQEUXFN+J Evil in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity :817 ,, GHU %DQGYRQ)DELHQQH-RXUGDQXQG5DLQHU+LUVFK/XLSROG+J Die Wurzel allen Übels67$& QHEHQGHQHQGHUYRUOLHJHQGH%DQGHUJlQ]HQGVWHKWDEHU GRFKJHUDGHLQVHLQHPWKHRORJLVFKHQYLHUWHQ7HLODXFKVHLQ3URSULXPEHVLW]W
9,
Vorwort
=XGDQNHQLVWYLHOHQ=XQlFKVWZLHGHUGHU.DWKROLVFKHQ$NDGHPLH6FKZHUWH IULKUHQXQVFKRQ]ZDQ]LJ-DKUHZlKUHQGH8QWHUVWW]XQJUHJHOPlLJHU)DFK WDJXQJHQ]XGHQ4XPUDQ)XQGHQGDQQDEHUDXFKGHQ$XWRULQQHQXQG$XWR UHQGLHVLFKEHUGLHODQJH=HLWGHUÃ5HLIXQJVSUR]HVVHµGLHVHV%DQGHVJHGXO GHWHQXQGLKUH%HLWUlJHLQGHPVLFKZDQGHOQGHQ5DKPHQEHODVVHQKDEHQGHP 9HUODJ0RKU6LHEHFNIUVHLQHZLHLPPHUNRPSHWHQWHXQGVRUJIlOWLJH%HWUHX XQJXQGLQVEHVRQGHUHGHU]HLWZHLOLJHQ0LWDUEHLWHULQYRQ(QQR(G]DUG3RSNHV LQ.LHO)UDX6WHIDQLH&KULVWLQH+HUWHO+ROVWGLHGDV3URMHNWEHU-DKUHKLQZHJ YHUIROJWHXQGLKPGDQQPLW(QHUJLHXQG$NULELH]XP*HOLQJHQYHUKDOIGXUFK GLH VRUJIlOWLJH 5HGDNWLRQ XQG HGLWRULVFKH *HVWDOWXQJ GHU %HLWUlJH XQG GHU 'UXFNYRUODJH)UGLH(UVWHOOXQJGHU5HJLVWHUGDQNHQZLU GHV:HLWHUHQ)UDX 6ZDQWMH5LQNHU.LHO )UDX6DUDK3HUH].LHO XQG+HUUQ5XEHQ%KQHU= ULFK :LUKRIIHQGDVVGHU%DQGVRZRKOLP%OLFNDXI GDVH[HJHWLVFKKLVWRULVFKH 9HUVWlQGQLVGHU7KHPDWLNDOVDXFKLP%OLFNDXIVHLQHWKHRORJLVFKH5HIOH[LRQ ZHLWHUIKUHQGH,PSXOVH]XJHEHQYHUPDJ =ULFKXQG.LHOLP'H]HPEHU -|UJ)UH\XQG(QQR(G]DUG3RSNHV
,QKDOWVYHU]HLFKQLV 9RUZRUW9
I. Dualismus als historisches und theologisches Problem Jörg Frey 'XDOLVPXV=XUIUKMGLVFKHQ+HUDXVELOGXQJXQG]XU QHXWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ5H]HSWLRQGXDOLVWLVFKHU:HOWGHXWXQJ Enno Edzard Popkes 'HU([RU]LVW'LHGlPRQRORJLVFKHQ9RUVWHOOXQJHQ-HVX LP6SDQQXQJVIHOGNRQWUlUHU'HXWXQJHQ
II. Dualismus, Dämonologie und diabolische Figuren im antiken Judentum Stefan Beyerle 'XDOLVPHQXQGGHU6FK|SIHUJRWWLPDQWLNHQ-XGHQWXP Eibert Tigchelaar (YLO6SLULWVLQWKH'HDG6HD6FUROOV$%ULHI6XUYH\DQG 6RPH3HUVSHFWLYHV Theresa Heilig &RVPLF'XDOLVPLQWKH+RGD\RW" Michael Becker $QPHUNXQJHQ]XU'lPRQRORJLHLQGHQ3DWULDUFKHQWHVWDPHQWHQ Jan Dochhorn 'DQXQGGHUHVFKDWRORJLVFKH7HXIHOVIDOO
9,,,
Inhaltsverzeichnis
John J. Collins ,VWKH)DOORI6DWDQGHULYHGH[HJHWLFDOO\IURP'DQ"$5HVSRQVHWR -DQ'RFKKRUQ Monika Elisabeth Götte =ZLVFKHQ9HUKlQJQLVXQG9HUDQWZRUWXQJhEHUGLH8UVSUQJHGHV%|VHQLP IUKHQ-XGHQWXPXQGLQIUKFKULVWOLFKHU5H]HSWLRQ
III. Dualismus, Dämonologie und diabolische Figuren im frühen Christentum Craig A. Evans -HVXV+RO\:DUDQG5HVXUUHFWLRQLQWKH/LJKWRIWKH'HDG6HD6FUROOV Christian Grappe /LJKW6KHGIURPWKH'HDG6HD6FUROOVRQ-HVXV¶%DSWLVPDQG7HPSWDWLRQ DQG+LV9LFWRU\RYHU6DWDQ Albert Hogeterp 'XDOLVPDQG6FULSWXUHLQWKH7HPSWDWLRQ1DUUDWLYHDQG-HZLVK7UDGLWLRQ Esther Joas %HVHVVHQKHLWXQGVDWDQLVFKH9HUIKUXQJEHL/XNDV (LQHPRWLYJHVFKLFKWOLFKH8QWHUVXFKXQJ Jutta Leonhardt-Balzer %|VHHQWVSUHFKHQGLKUHQ@:HUNHQ GHQQGHU*RWWGHU(UNHQQWQLVLVWHLQ:DKUKHLWVIXQGDPHQWXQGPLW+LOIHGHV*HKHLPQLVVHV GDVJHUDGHLP%HJULIILVWVLFK]XHUZHLVHQEUHLWHWHUDXVHUNOlUWHULKU)XQGDPHQW8QG
:LVGRP/LWHUDWXUH±/7678&.(1%58&.7KH,QWHULRUL]DWLRQRI'XDOLVPZLWKLQWKH +XPDQ %HLQJ LQ 6HFRQG 7HPSOH -XGDLVP 7KH 7UHDWLVH RI WKH 7ZR 6SLULWV 46 ,,,± ,9 LQ,WV7UDGLWLR+LVWRULFDO&RQWH[WLQ$/DQJHHWDO +J /LJKWDJDLQVW'DUNQHVV 'XDOLVPLQ$QFLHQW0HGLWHUUDQHDQ5HOLJLRQDQGWKH&RQWHPSRUDU\:RUOG-$-6 *|WWLQ JHQ±=XUHLQJHKHQGHQ'LVNXVVLRQGHV.RPSRVLWXPV !'!1$:YJODXFK 0 *2))7KH:RUOGO\DQG+HDYHQO\:LVGRPRI4,QVWUXFWLRQ6W7'- /HLGHQHWDO ± 6R ( -(11, =XU )XQNWLRQ GHU UHIOH[LYSDVVLYHQ 6WDPPIRUPHQ LP %LEOLVFK+HEUlL VFKHQ LQ 'HUV +J 6WXGLHQ ]XU 6SUDFKZHOW GHV $OWHQ 7HVWDPHQWV KJ Y % +XZ\OHUX.6H\EROG6WXWWJDUW%HUOLQ.|OQ±± 6R % . :$/7.(0 2¶&21125 $Q ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR %LEOLFDO +HEUHZ 6\QWD[ :LQRQD/DNHI+HUYRUKHELP2ULJ 9JO5%$57(/086$UW!'!7K:4, 6S±6SI=LWDWPLW+HU YRUKHELP7H[W6S =XPYRUDQVWHKHQGHQ$EVFKQLWWYJODXFK6%(IWHUPLW+LOIHYRQ:HLV@KHLWXQGKLQVLFKWOLFKGHV$OOVPLW>.OXJ@KHLWKDWHU HVJHIRUPW
-HQH$XVVDJHQ]XVDPPHQPLWGHPLQVWUXPHQWDOHQ*HEUDXFKYRQ!'!1$:UXIHQ $VVR]LDWLRQHQ]X3URYZDFKXQGYHUVWlUNHQGDVÄNRVPRWKHLVWLVFKH³*H SUlJHGXUFK9HUZHLVDXIXQG*HEUDXFKYRQ!'!1$:QRFK$XHUGHPHUKlOW DXFKGLH:HLVKHLWlKQOLFKZLHLQ3URY±HLQHH[SOL]LWH5ROOHLP6FK|S IXQJVJHVFKHKHQ 'LH NRQNUHWHQ 9HUNQSIXQJHQ GHU .RPSRVLWLRQ LQ 44,QVWUXFWLRQ PLW GHQÄQRUGV\ULVFKNDQDDQlLVFKHQ³:HLVKHLWVWUDGLWLRQHQDOVRHWZDPLWGHPDUD PlLVFKHQ$তvTDUVLQGEHLZHLWHPZHQLJHUVLJQLILNDQW5HVPLHUHQGIRUPXOLHUW +HUEHUW1LHKULP9HUJOHLFKEHLGHU7H[WH Ä'LH :HLVKHLW GHV $FKLNDU XQG GHU musar lammebin SDUWL]LSLHUHQ ]ZDU DQ JHPHLQVDPHQ ZHLVKHLWOLFKHQ7UDGLWLRQHQDEHUGLH$FKLNDUZHLVKHLWGLHVRQVWLPDQWLNHQ-XGHQWXPUH]L SLHUWZXUGHIDQGLQGHQmusar lammebinNHLQHQ(LQJDQJ³
*UXQGVlW]OLFKZHLVW1LHKUGDUDXIKLQGDVVHLQ9HUJOHLFKEHLGHU7H[WHVFKRQ GHVKDOE SUREOHPDWLVFK LVW ZHLO GLH hEHUOLHIHUXQJ LQ EHLGHQ )lOOHQ OHGLJOLFK XPVWULWWHQH 5HNRQVWUXNWLRQHQ HLQHV 7H[WJHIJHV ]XOlVVW 'DUDXV UHVXOWLHUW LQ GHU*HJHQEHUVWHOOXQJYRQ$তvTDUXQG44,QVWUXFWLRQHLQ)RNXVVLHUHQDXI 7KHPHQXQG(LQ]HODVSHNWHZLH$GUHVVDWHQ/HEHQVZHOWRGHU*|WWHUZHOWXQG ZHQLJHUDXI7H[WVWUXNWXUHQ$OOHUGLQJVHUJHEHQVLFKDXFKLQGLHVHQ9HUJOHLFKV UlXPHQPHKU'LIIHUHQ]HQDOV*HPHLQVDPNHLWHQ,P(UJHEQLVEOHLEHQGDQQ OHGLJOLFKVHKUDOOJHPHLQJHKDOWHQHhEHUHLQVWLPPXQJHQLQQHUKDOEHLQHVHWZDLQ %HJULIIHQXQG'HQNILJXUHQGHXWOLFKHQJHPHLQVDPHQ7UDGLWLRQVJXWHV%HLVSLHO KDIWNDQQKLHUDXIGLH.RQVWHOODWLRQÄ9DWHU±6RKQ³LQQHUKDOEGHVÄZHLVKHLWOL FKHQ(U]LHKXQJVSUR]HVVHV³KLQJHZLHVHQZHUGHQ'DEHLNRPPHQDXFKDXVGHP 6SUFKHEXFKEHNDQQWH0RWLYH]XP7UDJHQ,Q3URYYJODXFK HWZDZLUGGLH9HUPLWWOXQJGHU:HLVKHLWXQG(LQVLFKW]ZLVFKHQ LQ 9DWHUXQG6RKQGXUFKGLHÄ=FKWLJXQJ³E]ZÄ8QWHUZHLVXQJ³KHEU:2K/ DXFKLQ44,QVWUXFWLRQDOV/HLW KDOWOLFKJHIOOW%HNDQQWOLFKIXQJLHUW :2K/ ZRUW4LLLSDU4D±F4± 'DQQGLHQW LQ4LL±GLH(KUXQJGHV9DWHUVDOV9HUJOHLFKVSXQNWIUGLH$XIIRUGH
9JOGD]X.$03(1:LVGRP/LWHUDWXUH*2))4,QVWUXFWLRQII 6R+ 1,(+5'LH:HLVKHLWGHV$FKLNDUXQGGHU musar lammebinLP9HUJOHLFKLQ &K+HPSHOHWDO+J 7KH:LVGRP7H[WVIURP4XPUDQDQGWKH'HYHORSPHQWRI6DSLHQWLDO 7KRXJKW%(7K/ /HXYHQ±+HUYRUKHELP2ULJ 9JO1,(+5'LH:HLVKHLWGHV$FKLNDUXQGGHUmusar lammebinLP9HUJOHLFK± 'DV )UDJPHQW 4 ELHWHWDEJHVHKHQ YRQ GHU XQVLFKHUHQ/HVXQJ GHV ʸ ʕʱ˒ʮ NHLQHQ.RQWH[WYJO 6758*1(//+$55,1*7214XPUDQ&DYH;;,9 =XU6DFKH YJO0(87(1(8(5$UWʸʱʩ7K:4,, 6S±6SI
Dualismen und der Schöpfergott im antiken Judentum
UXQJ]XU(KUHHLQHUZHLWHUHQ3HUVRQ $XFKLQ4LL±SDUUNRQWX ULHUWGLHÄ9DWHU6RKQ³.RQVWHOODWLRQGLH%HVFKUHLEXQJGHV9HUKlOWQLVVHVYRQ 8QWHUZHLVHQGHPXQG8QWHUZLHVHQHPXQGLQ4LLL±VWHKWGDV9HU KlOWQLVGHV8QWHUZLHVHQHQ]XGHQ(OWHUQVLQQELOGOLFKIUGLH*RWWHVEH]LHKXQJ YJODXFK4D4±XQG$তvTDU.RO>@ 'LH9HUELQGXQJGLHVHU7\SLNPLWGHPDUDPlLVFKHQ$তvTDUHUKHOOWVRZRKODXV GHQlOWHUHQ6SUXFKDEVFKQLWWHQDOVDXFKDXVGHUMQJHUHQ(U]lKOXQJLQGHUEHU OLHIHUWHQ9HUVLRQDXV(OHSKDQWLQH'DVÄELRJUDSKLVFKH 6HWWLQJ³ILQGHWVLFK HWZDLQGHQLPSHUDWLYLVFKHQ0DKQXQJHQDQGHQÄ6RKQ³YJO.RO>@ br>y@>@>@>@’nt yh bry $XVGHU6LFKW$তvTDUVGLHQW GLH9DWHU6RKQ.RQVWHOODWLRQ]XGHPDXFKZHQQVLHUHDOLWHUVHLQHQ1HIIHQEH WULIIWDOV$XVJDQJVSXQNWGHV.RQIOLNWVLQGHU(U]lKOXQJGDOHW]WHUHU $তvTDU EHLP.|QLJGHQXQ]LHUWYJO.RO±X.ROI>±@ ,QGHQ6SU FKHQ LVW YRQ GHU =FKWLJXQJ GHV Ä6RKQHV³ GLH 5HGH YJO .RO ± >±@ 'DVtertium comparationisLVWKLHUGDVLQGHULQWHUQDWLRQDOHQ:HLV KHLWVWDUNYHUEUHLWHWHXQGGDKHUZHQLJVLJQLILNDQWH0RWLYGHUÄ(U]LHKXQJGXUFK =FKWLJXQJ³]X KHEU ʸ ʕʱ˒ʮVR 'DUEHUKLQDXV]HLJWH VLFK LQGHQ $তvTDU )UDJPHQWHQXQGLQ44,QVWUXFWLRQZLHLP6SUFKHEXFKGLHXQWHUVFKLHGOLFK DQJHGHXWHWH 9RUVWHOOXQJ HLQHU YHUVHOEVWlQGLJWHQ ELVZHLOHQ K\SRVWDVLHUWHQ :HLVKHLW ZLH VLH MHZHLOV LQ LKUHU ,QVWUXPHQWDOLVLHUXQJ LQ NRVPRWKHLVWLVFKHQ .RQWH[WHQXDLQGHU6FK|SIXQJGXUFKVFKHLQW 3.2 Schöpfung und Kosmos in 1Q/4QInstruction $OOHUGLQJV IHKOW LQ 44,QVWUXFWLRQ GDV 0RWLY GHU ÄSHUVRQLIL]LHUWHQ³ :HLV KHLWZLHVLHHWZDLQ3URYEHJHJQHWLQGHQQRFKOHVEDUHQ)UDJPHQWHQY|OOLJ
/HLGHU LVW GDV 2EMHNW QLFKW PHKU HLQGHXWLJ ]X HUPLWWHOQ :lKUHQG :2/' :RPHQ 0HQ DQG $QJHOVI GLH (KUHGHU )UDX JHJHQEHU LKUHP (KHPDQQ YRUVFKOlJWSOlGLHUW *2))4,QVWUXFWLRQ±IUGLH(KUHGHV6FKZLHJHUYDWHUV'HU9HUZHLVDXIGLHSHUVR QLIL]LHUWH :HLVKHLW DOV +DQGOXQJVWUlJHULQ VFKHLQW HKHU XQZDKUVFKHLQOLFK YJO 6758* 1(//+$55,1*721 4XPUDQ&DYH;;,9 9JO*2))4,QVWUXFWLRQ±± $OV2ULHQWLHUXQJNDQQIUGLH$তvTDU.RPSRVLWLRQGLHREHQDXVJHZLHVHQH7RSLNGLH QHQZLHVLHDXFKYHUEUHLWHWLP6SUFKHEXFKEHJHJQHW=XP9HUJOHLFKYRQ$তvTDUPLWGHP 6SUFKHEXFKLQVJHVDPWYJO:(,*/'LHDUDPlLVFKHQ$FKLNDU6SUFKHDXV(OHSKDQWLQHXQG GLHDOWWHVWDPHQWOLFKH:HLVKHLWVOLWHUDWXU± 9JO:(,*/'LHDUDPlLVFKHQ$FKLNDU6SUFKHDXV(OHSKDQWLQHXQGGLHDOWWHVWDPHQW OLFKH:HLVKHLWVOLWHUDWXU $XHUGHPYHUZHLVWGLHhEHUVFKULIWEHUHLWVDXIGLHÄ9DWHU6RKQ.RQVWHOODWLRQ³GHUlO WHUHQ6SUFKHGLHHUVWVSlWHUPLWGHU(U]lKOXQJYHUEXQGHQZXUGHQVR1,(+5$UDPlLVFKHU $তLTDU>]X±F@ 9JOGD]X:(,*/'LHDUDPlLVFKHQ$FKLNDU6SUFKHDXV(OHSKDQWLQHXQGGLHDOWWHV WDPHQWOLFKH :HLVKHLWVOLWHUDWXU± GHU XDDXI 6SU I 6LU ± YHUZHLVW
Stefan Beyerle
'LHVN|QQWHGXUFKDXVDXFKHLQHQVDFKOLFKHQ*UXQGKDEHQGHQQGLH)UDJPHQWH YRP7RWHQ0HHUJUHLIHQDQGHUVNRQWXULHUWHGXDOLVWLVFKH.RQ]HSWHDXI'DEHL EHVWHKWHLQHLQKDOWOLFKHXQGVWUXNWXUHOOH*HPHLQVDPNHLW]ZLVFKHQGHPQRUGV\ ULVFKHQXQGGHPLQGHQ:HLVKHLWVWH[WHQYRP7RWHQ0HHUEHUOLHIHUWHQ'XDOLV PXVLPMHZHLOLJHQ%H]XJDXIGLH6FK|SIXQJDOVRGHU.RQ]HSWXDOLVLHUXQJYRQ Ä:HLVKHLW³ LP NRVPRWKHLVWLVFKHQ 'HXWXQJVUDKPHQ VR *UXQGVlW]OLFK XQG QRFK VHKU REHUIOlFKOLFK EHWUDFKWHW LVW DQGHUHUVHLWV LQ 44,QVWUXFWLRQ HLQH Ä(VFKDWRORJLVLHUXQJ³YRQ6FK|SIXQJXQG(WKLNYLUXOHQWGLHGDQQZLHGHUXPLQ GHQÄG\WKHLVWLVFKHQ³7H[WHQLQVEHVRQGHUHLQ$তvTDUY|OOLJIHKOW 'HQQRFK EHWRQHQGLH)UDJPHQWHDXV44,QVWUXFWLRQ]ZHLIHOVRKQHGLH5ROOHGHU!/ ) % LQ GHU 7ULDV YRQ 6FK|SIXQJ (WKLN XQG (VFKDWRORJLH =X 5HFKW EHWRQW HWZD *UDQW0DFDVNLOOLQVHLQHUSURJUDPPDWLVFKHQ7KHVH Ä7KLVSDSHULVLQWHQGHGWRH[SORUHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHHVFKDWRORJLFDOFUHDWLRQWHDFK LQJ LQWKH LQWURGXFWRU\ GLVFRXUVHDQG WKHSDUDHQHWLF PDWHULDOWKH FHQWUDOWKHVLV LVWKDW the possession of revealed wisdomHQDEOHVWKHHVFKDWRORJLFDOFRPPXQLW\WROLYHLQDFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH GHVLJQ SODQ RI FUHDWLRQ DQG WKDW WKLV H[SODLQV WKH FRPSUHKHQVLYH HWKLFDO V\VWHP ZLWKLQWKHWH[W³
,QQHUKDOE GHU JHUDGH XPULVVHQHQ 7KHVHQELOGXQJ IXQJLHUW GLH 3KUDVH !'!1 $: VR DOV LQWHJUDWLYHV (OHPHQW LP =ZLVFKHQUDXP YRQ Ä6FK|SIXQJ³ XQG Ä(V FKDWRORJLH³ 6LH NRQQRWLHUW XQPLWWHOEDU Ä:HLVKHLW³ DOV ÄJHRIIHQEDUWH :HLV KHLW³GD*RWWVHOEVW±E]ZDQ*RWWHVVWDWWGLH(OWHUQVFKDIW±HVLVWGHU±E]Z GLH ± GHQ :HLVHQ ÄGLH 2KUHQ |IIQHW³ KLQVLFKWOLFK GHV !'!1 $: (QWVSUHFKHQG KHLWHVLQ4LLL± !'!1$:!)1$#!+:@ !/!'16:!>@#!)#)03/+-) […] vacat !)'/'(#:#!)''%03/+
8QG ZLH HU GHLQH 2KUHQ |IIQHWH IU!'!1 $: HUZHLVHLKQHQ>LHGHQ(OWHUQ@(KUHXP GHLQHUHLJHQHQ(KUHZLOOHQXQGLP>@*ODQ] LKUHU*HJHQZDUWHKUHLKUH $QWOLW]H>ZLOOHQ@ XPGHLQHV/HEHQVXQGGLH/lQJHGHLQHU7DJH
'HU7H[WLVWQLFKWJDQ]VFKOVVLJGUIWHMHGRFKHWKLVFKHXQGWKHRORJLVFKH$V SHNWH GHU :HLVKHLW DXIHLQDQGHU EH]LHKHQ 9RU GHP +LQWHUJUXQG GHV IQIWHQ
9JO*2))7KH:RUOGO\DQG+HDYHQO\:LVGRP± * 0$&$6.,//&UHDWLRQ (VFKDWRORJ\DQG(WKLFVLQ4,QVWUXFWLRQLQ)*DUFtD0DUWtQH]03RSRYLü+J 'HILQLQJ ,GHQWLWLHV:H@ # #1// !=/>+)@1L!)=#=+#)!=#:1L>@ >@/!)'@ '=+>+@!>@!)#8>@ !+#+>!@%-#'>@ !/)+0'>!@+>@+>!'!1$:!)1$#@
DO>OH@VHLQH>7D@WHQXQGVHLQH%DUPKHU ]LJNHLWVHUZHLVH HUXQWHUZLHVGLFK>@h>Q@LFKW]X DQHLQHP7DJ>+@DWHUQLFKWJH|IIQHW >GHLQH2KUHQIU!'!1$:@l>@XP>YHU@ VWlQGLJ]XPDFKHQGHLQ+HU]"
'LHLP.RQWH[WEHQDQQWHQ$WWULEXWH-%:YJO4LLSDU4LL SDU 4 E 4 4 LL 4 D XQG 7lWLJNHLWHQ!#8YJO4LL4 YHUZHLVHQDXIHLQJ|WWOLFKHV 6XEMHNWGDVGDQQDXFKLQ=±IUGDVgIIQHQGHU2KUHQDXIGHQ!'!1$:KLQ YHUDQWZRUWOLFK]HLFKQHWH$OOHUGLQJVLVWGHUEHUOLHIHUWH.RQWH[WQLFKWKLQUHL FKHQG XP ZHLWHUH GHU REHQ DQJHVSURFKHQHQ LQKDOWOLFKHQ )XQNWLRQHQ YRQ $: !'!1]XLGHQWLIL]LHUHQ/HW]WHUHN|QQHQMHGRFKLQ4L±LL±EHQDQQW ZHUGHQ >@-'898#/#-'1@ !'!!/+!!'!1!+#)0#!+ #)>@ >@#!'!'!/# 0$#+!+:@ [ ]!'!1 $:-'1'/ !++#)!)&'!0'/!=>#@>@+>@
>@GXVDJVWEH]JOLFKGHV.RPPHQVGHU -DKUHXQGGHV$XVJDQJVGHU=HLWHQ>@ >@MHGHU5HLFKWXPDOOHVGDVJHUDGHLP %HJULIILVWVLFK]XHUZHLVHQGXUFKHVLQ LKP:R]XKDWHVVLFKHUZLHVHQ XQGZDVZLUGVLFKHUZHLVHQLQLKP">@ XQG" HQWVSUHFKHQGGHLQHU:HLVXQJ VHLQH=HLWGLHHUJH|IIQHWKDWGHP2KU GHU9HUVWlQGLJHQIUEHU!'!1$:>@ l>@>XQG@GX9HUVWlQGLJHUEHLGHLQHP 6FKDXHQDXIDOOHGLHVH'LQJH
%HUHLWVLQ=LVWGXUFKGHQGLH=HLWHQVFKOHFKWKLQEHWUHIIHQGHQ0HULVPXVHLQ NRVPLVFKHU$N]HQWJHVHW]WGHQGDVfuturum instansLQ!'!1! +#)DXV=KLQ VLFKWOLFK9HUJDQJHQKHLWXQG=XNXQIWDXVEXFKVWDELHUW 'LHVRXPVFKULHEHQH NRVPLVFKH=HLWZLUGGDQQLP6LQQHGHUJ|WWOLFKHQ Ä:HLVXQJ³DOV=HLW*RWWHV
9JO]XP7H[WDD2I 9JO]XP7H[WDD2I7,*&+(/$$57R,QFUHDVH/HDUQLQJIRUWKH8QGHUVWDQGLQJ 2QHVI]XU6DFKHYJO6758*1(//+$55,1*7214XPUDQ&DYH;;,9I 'HU %H]XJ GHV 6XIIL[HV GHU 3HUVRQ IHPLQLQ 6LQJXODU EOHLEW XQNODU YJO 6758* 1(//+$55,1*721 4XPUDQ&DYH;;,9 'LH,QWHUMHNWLRQ!/+LVWKLHUQLFKWLP6LQQHGHU1HJDWLRQZLHGHU]XJHEHQVDEHUR EHL$QP 9JODXFK4L±SDU44L±SDU4XQGGD]X *2))4,QVWUXFWLRQ±GHUDXIGUHL=HLWHEHQHQ9HUJDQJHQKHLW±*HJHQZDUW±=X NXQIW VFKOLHWLQGHPHUGDVfuturum instansIUGLHÄ*HJHQZDUW³YHUEXFKWlKQOLFK.$0 3(1:LVGRP/LWHUDWXUH
Dualismen und der Schöpfergott im antiken Judentum
=#89 GHPMevinJHRIIHQEDUW'DEHLGLHQWGDVÄ*HKHLPQLVGDVJHUDGHLP %HJULIILVWVLFK]XHUZHLVHQ³DOV0LWWOHULQVWDQ] =XPDQ4KHUDXVJHDUEHLWHWHQNRVPLVFKHQ'XNWXVSDVVWPLW%OLFN DXI GLH *HVDPWNRPSRVLWLRQ YRQ 44,QVWUXFWLRQ GHU ZDKUVFKHLQOLFKH (LQ JDQJVDEVFKQLWW LQ 4 GHU 44,QVWUXFWLRQ DOV *DQ]HV HU|IIQHW KDEHQ GUIWH XQG LQKDOWOLFK GLH 5ROOH GHU +LPPHOVN|USHU PLW GHU 9RUVWHOOXQJ YRP (QGJHULFKWJHJHQGLH)UHYOHU[!]3%HOLDOV@YHUVFKZLQGHQ >@
0LWGHP2IIHQEDUZHUGHQGHU*HUHFKWLJNHLWYHUVFKZLQGHWGHU)UHYHOXQGEHLGH *HVFKHKQLVVHVLQGLQGHUÄ9HUPHVVXQJ)HVWVHW]XQJGHV(UGNUHLVHV³YHUDQNHUW DOVR DXI GLH 6FK|SIXQJ EH]RJHQ =XP HLQHQ NRQQRWLHUW GHU 5DXFK PRWLYJH VFKLFKWOLFK ]XPHLVW QHJDWLYH NRVPLVFKH 3KlQRPHQH YJO -HV 40 =XPDQGHUHQLVWDXIGHQ8UJUXQGGHUJ|WWOLFKHQ6FK|SIXQJYHUZLH VHQ GLH *UQGXQJ GHV (UGNUHLVHV YJO 4 LLL± 43VD>4@ YJO-HU 0LW%OLFNDXIGLHÄ$QKlQJHUGHU*HKHLPQLVVH >%HOLDOV@³ LVW LQ 4 L QDFK GHP :RUW '$: DXI GHP )RWR QLFKW PHKU ]X HQW]LIIHUQ 'LH3KUDVH'$:')/#=EHJHJQHWDXHUGHPLQ4XQG ZREHLDXFKLQGLHVHQ)lOOHQQXUQRFKGDV:YRQ'$:HUNHQQEDULVW,Q4 VWHKW>@ -'$:')/#=RKQHZHLWHUHQ$XIVFKOXVVEHUGLH$UWGHUÄ*HKHLP QLVVH³ ]XOLHIHUQ/DZUHQFH6FKLIIPDQ XQG -RKQ.DPSHQVHKHQPLW5HFKW EHLGHQÄ$QKlQJHUQGHU*HKHLPQLVVH³LQ4LHLQHNRQWH[WEHGLQJWHnegative4XDOLIL]LHUXQJYRQ$:XQGVFKODJHQGLH/HVXQJHQ>+3'+@'$:E]Z '$:
7H[W]lKOXQJQDFKDD2 $EJHVHKHQYRQGHUSRVLWLYNRQQRWLHUWHQ5DXFKHQWZLFNOXQJEHLGHU*RWWHVHUVFKHLQXQJ DP6LQDLYJO([ KDWGLH9RNDEHO04@± L ]X 1DK *2)) 'LVFHUQLQJ :LVGRP I ZHLVW DXHUGHP QRFK DXI GLH PLW 440\VWHULHVYHUJOHLFKEDUH%HGHXWXQJYRQÄ5DXFK³LQV\U%DU±YD9EE 6DS XDXIlKQOLFKH0RWLYHLQ4±L±KLQ 'LH 6HSWXDJLQWD EHUVHW]W LQ 3V /;; XQG /;; KHEU += 0#)= PLW ëÊ̼ɚÑʼÅÌüÅÇĊÁÇÍĚžÅE]ZÁ¸ÌŪÉ¿ÑʼÅÌüÅÇĊÁÇÍĚžŠ9JO0,/,.,,7H[WHVQRQELEOLTXHV7IO;;,REHQZREHL0,/,.LQGHU7UDQVNULS WLRQGLH/HVXQJ+6'$:Ä:XQGHU*HKHLPQLVVH³ ELHWHWDD2X]XU6DFKH =XP7H[WYJO6&+,))0$1±40\VWHULHVD±EF"
Stefan Beyerle
3PHOV@ HXUH7RUKHLWMDHVLVWYHUVLHJHOWYRQHXFK GDV6LHJHOGHU9LVLRQ 8QGDXIGDV*HKHLPQLVGHU(ZLJNHLWKDEW LKUQLFKWJHVFKDXWXQGPLW(LQVLFKWQLFKW YHUVWlQGLJJHPDFKW
'LH*HJQHUVFKDIWZLUGLQGLHVHP$EVFKQLWWDOVÄ0DJLHU³YJO453 F>4@ ±X±]X([I'DQ DQJHVSURFKHQ6LH SUDNWL]LHUHQDOVÄ9LVLRQlUHGHU7RUKHLW³GLHDXIGDVÄ*HKHLPQLVGHU(ZLJNHLW³ QLFKWJHVFKDXWKDEHQ±VREOHLEHQVLHRKQHÄ(LQVLFKW³DOVR:HLVKHLW7URW]GHU DXFKLQ3URSKHWLHXQG$SRNDO\SWLNJHEUlXFKOLFKHQ 6LJQDOZ|UWHUZLH0#$%$: -&:% RGHU +)ÄMDGXKDVWPHLQH2KUHQ IU:XQGHU*HKHLPQLVVHJH|IIQHW³@ *RWWHVQlKHHUODQJW 1HEHQGLHVHPÄVFK|SIXQJVWKH RORJLVFKHQ³%H]XJILQGHQVLFKLQGHQ HodayotDOOHUGLQJVDXFKÄDQWKURSRORJLVFK³JHIlUEWH 'XDOLVPHQ 6R LVW VFKRQ LPPHU GLH +lXILJNHLW XQG GLH LQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ %HGHXWXQJHQ KHUYRUJHKREHQH4XDOLWlWGHVÄ*HLVW³%HJULIIHVKHEU%#: LQGHQHodayotDXIJHIDOOHQ%HL DOOHU8QWHUVFKLHGHQKHLWLP*HEUDXFKGHUPLWGHU9RNDEHOYHUNQSIWHQ9RUVWHOOXQJHQ]HLJHQ GLH *HEHWHEHL LKUHU 9HUZHQGXQJ GHUÄ*HLVW³7HUPLQRORJLH XQG GHV%HJULIIHV Ä)OHLVFK³ KHEU :$DUKXV@Q LVSDUDOOHOWR3 8DQGGHVFULEHV WKHFRPPXQLRQZLWKWKHDQJHOVDIWHUSXULILFDWLRQ 6HH6HNNLMeaning± %#: RFFXUV LQ O± DQG VHHP WR EH XVHG LQ YDULRXV ZD\V 6HNNL Meaning $QJHOVDUHWKHEHVWH[SODQDWLRQIRUOEHFDXVHLWIROORZV(+/LELG EXWWKHUHVWLV GLVSXWDEOH $OH[DQGHU³'HPRQRORJ\´ 6HHDPRQJRWKHUV,99,9,,,±;9;9,,DQG;;
Cosmic Dualism in the Hodayot
DJDLQVWGHPRQVZKRKDYHDQLQIOXHQFHRQWKHLUEHKDYLRXUDQGFDQDOVRFDXVH LPSXULW\ :HFDQILQGSRZHUIXODQGHWHUQDOVSLULWV,;± LQWKH+RGD\RW DVZHOODVPDQ\ZKRDUHFOHDUO\HYLO0RVWRIWKH=#%#:DUHRIKXPDQQDWXUH EXWQRQHWKHOHVVWKHUHDUHVRPHLQWHUHVWLQJSKUDVHV ,ZLOOILUVWH[DPLQHWKHSODFHVZKHUHGHPRQVRFFXUWKDWZHUHSURSRVHGE\ 6HNNL ,Q ,; WKH VSLULWXDO FUHDWXUHV GR QRW QHFHVVDULO\ KDYH WR EH HYLO GHPRQV7KHFDVHRI!36 '%#: +#)LQ;,LVPRUHGLIILFXOW7KHPHDQLQJLV XQFHUWDLQ EXW !36 DOVR DSSHDUV LQ O DQG O DQG LW REYLRXVO\ PHDQV VRPHWKLQJ OLNH ³YHQRPRXV YDQLW\´7KH ZKROH SRHP LV KDUG WR XQGHUVWDQG DQGWKHUHIRUHLWLVQRWFOHDULIKXPDQVRUVSLULWVDUHLQYLHZ ,Q;9±=##! %#:O DSSHDUV+RZHYHUWKHZKROHSRHPLVDERXWWKH ³,´ ZKR ZDV HQDEOHG WR KHOS KLV IHOORZV DJDLQVW EDG SHRSOH DQG QRW DJDLQVW GHPRQV,QOKHVSHDNVDERXWWKHJXLOW\RQHVZKRKDYHQRUHVSRQVHWRKLV DUJXPHQWV 7KHVHUYDQWLVWHVWHGE\*RGDQGOHDUQVWR³VWDQGDJDLQVWVSLULWV´LQ,9LQ RUGHUWREHFRPHVWURQJLQIROORZLQJWKHULJKWHRXVZD\O 7KHZKROHSRHP LVDERXWWKHVHUYDQWZKRZDVSUHYHQWHGIURPVLQQLQJ'DQJHUWKURXJKYLROHQFH IURP WKH HQHPLHV LV QRW WKH WRSLF KHUH7KLV VXJJHVWV WKDW ³VSLULWV´ GRHV QRW UHIHUWRRWKHUSHRSOHEXWUDWKHUGHPRQV $QRWKHUSDVVDJH ZKHUHDVVXPSWLRQRIGHPRQVRUDQJHOV" DOORZVIRUWKH PRVWFRKHUHQWLQWHUSUHWDWLRQLVIRXQGLQ;;97KHORFDWLRQLVLQKHDYHQZKHUH WKHFRQJUHJDWLRQRIWKHKRO\RQHVGZHOOVO )URPWKHUHWKH!3XQG@GDVVHUJOHLFKZHUGHPHLQHU>VF*RWWHV@ 0DFKW8QGLFKZDUILKQYRQGHU+|KHKLQDEPLWVHLQHQ(QJHOQ³6LHKHGD]X '2&++251 6WXU] $D2 6LHKHZHLWHUDXFKJU%DUVRZLHPHUNOLFKVSlWHU&DYHRI7UHDVXUHV±
Zwischen Verhängnis und Verantwortung
6DPXHO9ROOHQZHLGHUZHLVWGDUDXIKLQGDVVGHU6DWDQVP\WKRVYHUPXWOLFKHLQH ZHLWHUH$XVIKUXQJGHU$XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJ]ZLVFKHQ0HQVFKHQXQG(QJHOQ LVW'HQNEDUZlUHVRPLWGDVVGDV0RWLYYRQ1HLGXQG5LYDOLWlWGDVVHLQHU VHLWVPHUNOLFKlOWHULVWDOVGLH9RUVWHOOXQJYRP)DOO PLWGHUP\WKLVFKHQ(U]lK OXQJYRP)DOONRPELQLHUWZXUGH0|JOLFKHUZHLVHZXUGHHVEHUGLHVDWDQROR JLVFKH'HXWXQJYRQ*HQE]ZEHUGHQ1HLGGHU6FKODQJHHLQJHIKUW'LH )DOOHU]lKOXQJ LVW DXI MHGHQ )DOO VHNXQGlU XQG LQ YRUOLHJHQGHU 9HUVLRQ DXI GHP1HLGPRWLYDXIJHEDXW 'DVW\SRORJLVFKH0RGHOOYRP XU]HLWOLFKHQ6DWDQVIDOO HUOlXWHUWVDWDQLVFKHV :LUNHQEHUGHVVHQ8UVSUXQJLQGHQ7H[WHQGHU+HEUlLVFKHQ%LEHOQRFKQLFKW VSHNXOLHUW ZLUG'RUWLVWOHGLJOLFK]XEHPHUNHQGDVVGLHVH:LUNPlFKWHQLFKW XQDEKlQJLJYRQ*RWW]XGHQNHQVLQG'HU0\WKRVYRPXU]HLWOLFKHQ6DWDQVVWXU] NRSSHOW GLHVH )LJXUHQ GHPJHJHQEHU JHZLVVHUPDHQ YRQ *RWW DE 0LW GHP DXIVWlQGLVFKHQ(QJHOZLUGHLQHHLJHQVWlQGLJDJLHUHQGHE|VH0DFKWYRU$XJHQ JHIKUWZHOFKHQLFKWPHKU LP$XIWUDJ*RWWHVKDQGHOWVRQGHUQVHLQHQHLJH QHQ )HOG]XJ JHJHQ GHQ 0HQVFKHQ IKUW =XJOHLFK ZLUG *RWW JHZLVVHUPDHQ YRQGHUSUREOHPDWLVFKHQ)UDJHQDFKhEHOXQG/HLGHQWODVWHWRKQHGDVVGDEHL HLQH$UWÃ*HJHQJRWWµLQV6SLHOJHEUDFKWZHUGHQPVVWH=XGHPZLUGGDV6FKHL WHUQGHU0HQVFKHQGXUFKGLHVDWDQRORJLVFKH'HXWXQJHQWVFKlUIWGDMHQHQQXQ QLFKWPHKUGLHDOOHLQLJH9HUDQWZRUWXQJIUGDV%|VHDQJHODVWHWZLUG 2.6. Die Lehre vom bösen Trieb 'LHWDOPXGLVFKUDEELQLVFKH/HKUHYRPÃE|VHQ7ULHEµ3:! :8' ZHOFKHLPUDE ELQLVFKHQ-XGHQWXPlKQOLFKEHGHXWVDPHQ&KDUDNWHUHUKDOWHQKDWZLHGLH/HKUH YRPÃ6QGHQIDOOµLQGHUFKULVWOLFKHQ7KHRORJLHLVWGLHOHW]WH]XEHVFKUHLEHQGH 'HQNILJXU =ZDU NHQQW EHUHLWV GDV $OWH 7HVWDPHQW GHQ %HJULII :8 ' YHUVWHKW GDUXQWHU DEHU]XQlFKVWNDXPHWZDV7ULHEKDIWHVVRQGHUQGLHÃ%HVFKDIIHQKHLWµGHV0HQ VFKHQ*HQ,&KU ,QGHUIUKMGLVFKHQ7UDGLWLRQHWZDLQ%HQ 6LUDRGHU43VD±VFKZLQJWHLQHVROFKH'LPHQVLRQGDQQEH UHLWVPLW(LQ.RQ]HSWYRPÃE|VHQ7ULHEµOLHJWDOOHUGLQJVDXFKKLHUQRFKQLFKW YRU 1DFKUDEELQLVFKHU/HVXQJLVWGLH9RUVWHOOXQJGHVE|VHQ7ULHEVEHUHLWVLQGHU 7RUDK YRUILQGOLFK ZLUG DEHU UHOLJLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFK HUVW VHNXQGlU DQ GLH
692//(1:(,'(5 /X]LIHU±+HUUOLFKNHLWXQG6WXU]GHV/LFKWHQJHOV(LQH*HJHQJH VFKLFKWH]X'HPXWXQG(UK|KXQJYRQ-HVXV&KULVWXVLQ0(EQHU,)LVFKHUXD+J 'DV %|VH-%7K 1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\Q±ZHLWHU± *RWWJLEWGHQ0HQVFKHQëÅϼÀÉĖ»À¸¹ÇÍÂĕÇ͸ĤÌÇı#:8' ' 6LHKH2%(5+b16/,:,'0(5%LOGHUI:HLWHUDXFK4L%DUNKL1DIVKL GD]X,526(1=9, 'HPRQLF'HVLUHV«@YHUELQGHQGHQE|VHQ7ULHEPLWGHP0HQVFKHQ undPLW*RWWLQGHPVLHSRVWXOLHUHQGDVV*RWWGHQE|VHQ7ULHEJHVFKDIIHQKDWGLHSDWULVWL VFKHQ/HKUHUDEHUEUGHQGHP0HQVFKHQGLHJHVDPWH9HUDQWZRUWXQJIUGDV%|VHDXIGD *RWWJHPlVVLKUHU6LFKWGDV%|VHQLFKWJHVFKDIIHQKDWGHP%|VHQIHUQLVW>«@&KULVWOLFK JHVHKHQ KDW GDV%|VH 8UVSUXQJ LP 6QGHQIDOO YRQ *HQ UDEELQLVFK JHVHKHQ DEHU LQ GHU 6FKDIIXQJGHV0HQVFKHQYRQ*HQ³*OHLFKZRKOVLQG]ZLVFKHQGHQUDEELQLVFKHQ$QVlW ]HQXQGSDWULVWLVFKHUXQGIUKHUPRQDVWLVFKHU/LWHUDWXU]XZHLOHQDXFKbKQOLFKNHLWHQ]XEH REDFKWHQVRJOHLFKWGHUUDEELQLVFKH7ULHELQ%HVFKUHLEXQJXQG:LUNXQJGHUIUKFKULVWOLFKHQ
Zwischen Verhängnis und Verantwortung
GRFKH[NOXVLYEHLP0HQVFKHQXQGLQVHLQHU9HUDQWZRUWXQJJHVXFKW,QVRIHUQ VWHKW QLFKW QXU LP &KULVWHQWXP VRQGHUQ DXFK LP UDEELQLVFKHQ -XGHQWXP HLQ DQWKURSRORJLVFKHU0\WKRVLP9RUGHUJUXQG
9RQGHQ:lFKWHUQ]X$GDP 'HU YRUDQJHKHQGH KLVWRULVFKH $EULVV KDW GLH P\WKRORJLVFKHQ .RQ]HSWH YRQ GHQ8UVSUQJHQGHV%|VHQLQDOOHU.QDSSKHLWDXIJHIlFKHUW'HP:lFKWHUIDOO XQGGHU$GDPWUDGLWLRQNRPPWGDEHLEHVRQGHUH%HGHXWXQJ]XGDGLHVHEHLGHQ 0\WKHQMHZHLOVHLQHDXVJHSUlJWH5H]HSWLRQVJHVFKLFKWHDXIZHLVHQXQGIUYHU VFKLHGHQVWH9HUIDVVHUNUHLVHEHUOlQJHUH=HLWYRQ,QWHUHVVHZDUHQ-HV± GHPJHJHQEHU EOHLEW HLQH HLQ]LJDUWLJH $XVVDJH XQG GLH =ZHL*HLVWHU/HKUH KDWEHU4XPUDQKLQDXVNHLQH5H]HSWLRQHUIDKUHQ=ZDUWKHPDWLVLHUHQEHLGH XQWHUDQGHUHPGLH8UVSUQJHYRQ%|VHPDXIGHU:HOWGRFKLVWNHLQHGLHVHU (U]lKOXQJHQ E]Z $XVIKUXQJHQ ]X HLQHP Paradigma GHV %|VHQ JHZRUGHQ 'LH9RUVWHOOXQJYRPXU]HLWOLFKHQ)DOOHLQHVHLQ]HOQHQ(QJHOVSURWRORJLVFKHU 6DWDQVIDOO VWHKWLKUHUVHLWV]XPHLVWLQ9HUELQGXQJPLWGHU3DUDGLHVJHVFKLFKWH XQGKDWVLFKHUVWVHNXQGlU]XHLQHP HLJHQVWlQGLJHQ0RGHOOGHV%|VHQHQWZL FNHOW(EHQVRZLUGGLH/HKUHYRPE|VHQ7ULHEVFKOLHOLFKHUVWLPUDEELQLVFKHQ -XGHQWXPDXVJHGHXWHW =ZLVFKHQ GHQ EHLGHQ YRUUDQJLJHQ 3DUDGLJPHQ :lFKWHU XQG $GDP VLQG ]HLWOLFKHXQGLQKDOWOLFKH9HUVFKLHEXQJHQ ]XEHREDFKWHQ'HU:lFKWHUP\WKRV EHJHJQHWXQJHIlKUDEGHPYRUFKULVWOLFKHQ-DKUKXQGHUWELV]XU=HLWHQZHQGH DOV(UOlXWHUXQJIUGLH8UVDFKHQYRQ%|VHP$EGHU=HLWHQZHQGHZLUGPLWGHU $GDP7UDGLWLRQHLQDQWKURSRORJLVFKHU0\WKRVDXIJHJULIIHQZHOFKHUGLH8UVD FKHYRQ%|VHPPLW]XQHKPHQGHU'HXWOLFKNHLWLQGHUPHQVFKOLFKHQ6QGHOR NDOLVLHUW6RPLWZLUGHLQDQJHORORJLVFKHU0\WKRVYRQHLQHPDQWKURSRORJLVFKHQ DEJHO|VW $XVGLHVHQ9HUVFKLHEXQJHQHUJHEHQVLFKGLYHUVH,PSOLNDWLRQHQZHOFKHVLFK PLWWHOVIRUPDOHUXQGLQKDOWOLFKHU.DWHJRULHQEHVFKUHLEHQODVVHQ 6RZRKO LQ GHU (U]lKOXQJ EHU GLH :lFKWHU DOV DXFK LQ GHU 3DUDGLHVJH VFKLFKWHZLUGHLQÃ=ZLVFKHQIDOOµLQGHU8U]HLWJHVFKLOGHUWDOOHUGLQJVJHK|UHQ GHVVHQ 9HUXUVDFKHU LP HLQHQ )DOO ]XU KLPPOLVFKHQ :HOW LP DQGHUHQ LQ GLH 6SKlUHGHV0HQVFKHQE]ZGHU6FK|SIXQJ'LHVSlWHUHVDWDQRORJLVFKH'HXWXQJ YRQ *HQ JHKW GDQQ ZLHGHUXP YRQ HLQHP 9HUXUVDFKHU DXV GHU ÃJ|WWOLFKHQ 6SKlUHµDXV
)XQNWLRQYRQ'lPRQHQ%HLGHJHIlKUGHQGLHPHQVFKOLFKH3V\FKHYHUIKUHQ0HQVFKHQ]XU 6QGHXQGZHUGHQJHOHJHQWOLFKDOVÃ5lXEHUµLPPHQVFKOLFKHQ+DXVEHVFKULHEHQ'D]X52 6(1=9, 'HVLUHV ±6LHKHLP:HLWHUHQDXFK '(56 6H[XDOLVLQJWKH(YLO,QFOLQDWLRQ 5DEELQLF ëÆÇÍÊţ¸ ëÈĖ ÌýË ºýË@´0DUN WKDWLVDQDXWKRULW\WKDWKHDV ³VRQ RI PDQ´ UHFHLYHG IURP *RG LQ KHDYHQ DV LQ 'DQ ± ³ZLWK WKH FORXGVRIKHDYHQWKHUHFDPHRQHOLNHDVRQRIPDQDQGKHFDPHWRWKH$QFLHQW RI 'D\V DQG ZDV SUHVHQWHG EHIRUH KLP WR KLP ZDV JLYHQ GRPLQLRQ´ RU ³DXWKRULW\´ ,WLVWKLVDXWKRULW\WKDW-HVXVGHOHJDWHVWRKLVGLVFLSOHVVRWKDW WKH\PD\FDVWRXWHYLOVSLULWV0DUN/XNH ³+HFDOOHGWRKLP KLVWZHOYHGLVFLSOHVDQGJDYHWKHPDXWKRULW\>ëÆÇÍÊţ¸Å@RYHUXQFOHDQVSLULWVWR FDVWWKHPRXWDQGWRKHDOHYHU\GLVHDVHDQGHYHU\LQILUPLW\´0DWW ,Q HIIHFW-HVXVDQGKLVGLVFLSOHVDUHDWWDFNLQJWKHNLQJGRPRI6DWDQIUHHLQJWKRVH ZKRDUHERXQG7KHUHDOZDULVDVSLULWXDORQHDZDUWKDWHQWDLOVHWHUQDOFRQVH TXHQFHV ,QUHSO\LQJWRWKHFKDUJHWKDWKHLVLQOHDJXHZLWK6DWDQRU%HHO]HEXO -HVXV UHWRUWV³>,@I6DWDQKDVULVHQXSDJDLQVWKLPVHOIDQGLVGLYLGHGKHFDQQRWVWDQG EXWKDVDQHQG´0DUN 7KHZRUGV³KDVDQHQG´569³LVFRPLQJWRDQ HQG´ ILQGVDQLQWHUHVWLQJSDUDOOHOLQWKHTestament of MosesD3DOHVWLQLDQGRF XPHQWWKDWRULJLQDWHGVRPHWLPHDURXQG&(RUVKRUWO\EHIRUH$IWHUDSHULRG RIVXIIHULQJWKHNLQJGRPRI*RGZLOODSSHDUDQGWKHSRZHURI6DWDQZLOOEH EURNHQ³$QGWKHQ+LVNLQJGRPVKDOODSSHDUWKURXJKRXWDOO+LVFUHDWLRQDQG WKHQ 6DWDQ ZLOO KDYH DQ HQG´ T. Mos. 7KH ZRUGV ³ZLOO KDYH DQ HQG´ finem habebit UHIOHFWDIXWXUHH[SHFWDWLRQZKLFK-HVXV¶ZRUGV³KDVDQHQG´ ÌšÂÇËìϼÀ LPSO\LVLQWKHSURFHVVRIEHLQJIXOILOOHG-HVXV¶ODQJXDJHUHIOHFWV DVKDUHGHVFKDWRORJLFDOVFHQDULRDVFHQDULRWKDWFRKHUHVZLWK4XPUDQ¶V War WH[WV
7KHDXWKRULW\JLYHQWKH³VRQRIPDQ´LVHFKRHGLQDQLPSRUWDQWWH[WLQ 1 Enoch³$OO WKHVHWKLQJVWKDW\RXKDYHVHHQKDSSHQE\WKHDXWKRULW\RIKLV0HVVLDKVRWKDWKHPD\KDYH FRPPDQG DQG SRZHU on the earth´ $OWKRXJK WKH VREULTXHW³VRQ RI PDQ´ GRHV QRW DSSHDUKHUHLWGRHVHOVHZKHUHLQWKH6LPLOLWXGHVVHFWLRQRI1 EnochVHH ,Q1 En.WKHHVFKDWRORJLFDOILJXUH LVH[SOLFLWO\LGHQWLILHGDV*RG¶V³0HVVLDK´DQGDOVRLQ 7KHUHLVOLWWOHTXHVWLRQWKDW WKH³6RQRI0DQ´ZKLFKLVD³QDPH´DFFRUGLQJWR LVWKH0HVVLDKZKRLVDOVRFDOOHG WKH³&KRVHQ2QH´ DQG³(OHFW2QH´ )RUIXUWKHUGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHVHPHVVLDQLF GHVLJQDWLRQVVHH-&9DQGHU.DP³5LJKWHRXV2QH0HVVLDK&KRVHQ2QHDQGWKH6RQRI 0DQLQ(QRFK±´LQThe Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity HG-+&KDUOHVZRUWK0LQQHDSROLV ±6HHDOVR9DQGHU.DP¶VFRPPHQWRQ LQ*:(1LFNHOVEXUJDQG-&9DQGHU.DP1 Enoch 2: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch, Chapters 37–82+HUPHQHLD0LQQHDSROLV ±9DQGHUNDPULJKWO\ VHHVWKHDOOXVLRQWR'DQ±
Jesus, Holy War, and Resurrection in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls
%XW-HVXVGRHVGLIIHUIURP4XPUDQLQRQHYHU\LPSRUWDQWUHVSHFW+HHYL GHQWO\GLGQRWHQYLVLRQDKXPDQDUP\DWWDFNLQJ5RPDQVRURWKHUHQHPLHVRI WKH ULJKWHRXV +LV WHDFKLQJ RQ SUD\LQJ IRU RQH¶V HQHPLHV WXUQLQJ WKH RWKHU FKHHN IRUJLYLQJ DV LQ 0DWW ± ± ± ± 0DUN /XNH± ZRXOGKDYHEHHQYHU\PXFKLQWHQVLRQZLWKVXFKHVFKD WRORJLFDOH[SHFWDWLRQ$VPHQWLRQHGDERYHWKHUHDOZDULVDVSLULWXDORQH&RQ VLVWHQWZLWKWKLVSHUVSHFWLYH-HVXVZDUQVKLVGLVFLSOHVQRW WRIHDU³WKRVHZKR NLOOWKHERG\DQGDIWHUWKDWKDYHQRPRUHWKDWWKH\FDQGR´/XNH 5DWKHU WKHIROORZHURI-HVXVVKRXOGEHPXFKPRUHFRQFHUQHGDERXW*RGZKRLVDEOH ERWKWRNLOODQGWRFDVWRQHLQWR*HKHQQD/XNH0DWW ,VUDHO¶VWUXH HQHP\LVVLQDQG6DWDQQRW5RPDQVRURWKHUKXPDQEHLQJV ,QUHIHUULQJWR%HOLDODQGKLVVXSSRUWHUVWKH4XPUDQWH[WVXVHDQXPEHURI FRORUIXOVREULTXHWVVXFKDV³VRQVFKLOGUHQRIGDUNQHVV´40 46 ³VRQVRQVFKLOGUHQRI%HOLDO´4 44LL44LL4 ³PHQRIWKH SLW´46 ³VRQVRILQMXVWLFH´4 DQG³VRQVRIGH FHLW´4LL 7KH'DPDVFXV&RYHQDQWDSSOLHV³VQDNHV´RI'HXWWR *HQWLOH NLQJV &' ± 7KH ³YLSHU¶V SRLVRQ´DSSOLHV WR WKH FKLHI *UHHNNLQJ&' 7KHZLFNHGDUH³EOLQG´&'46 $V ZHZRXOGH[SHFWWKH4XPUDQWH[WVXVHDQXPEHURISRVLWLYHVREULTXHWVZKHQ UHIHUULQJWRWKHULJKWHRXVVXFKDV³VRQVFKLOGUHQRIOLJKW´40 46 4 DQG ³VRQVFKLOGUHQ RI ULJKW HRXVQHVV´404644 6LPLODUVREULTXHWVDUHIRXQGLQWKH1HZ7HVWDPHQW*RVSHOV,QWKHH[SODQD WLRQRIWKHSDUDEOHRIWKH:KHDWDQG7DUHV-HVXVUHIHUVWRWKH³VRQVRIWKHHYLO RQH>ÇĎÍĎÇĖÌÇıÈÇžÉÇı@´WKDWLVVRQVRI6DWDQ0DWW ,QWKHGLDWULEH DJDLQVW WKH VFULEHV DQG 3KDULVHHV -HVXV XVHV WKH HSLWKHW ³D VRQ RI KHOO >ÍĎġÅ º¼šÅžË@´0DWW +HDOVRGHQRXQFHVWKHVFULEHVDQG3KDULVHHVDV³VRQV RI WKRVH ZKR PXUGHUHG WKH SURSKHWV´ 0DWW (OVHZKHUH KH OLNHQV WKH VFULEHVDQG3KDULVHHVWREOLQGJXLGHV0DWWFI -HVXVDOVRVSHDNVRIWKH³VRQVRIWKLVZRUOG>ÇĎÍĎÇĖÌÇı¸ĊľÅÇËÌÇŧÌÇÍ@´/XNH DDQG ZKRDUHPRUHVKUHZGWKDQ³WKDQWKHVRQVRIOLJKW>ÌÇİËÍĎÇİË ÌÇıÎÑÌŦË@´/XNHE ,QUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHTXHVWLRQSXWWRKLPE\WKH6DG GXFHHV-HVXVVWDWHGWKDWLQWKHUHVXUUHFWLRQWKHULJKWHRXV³DUHHTXDOWRDQJHOV DQG DUH VRQV RI *RG EHLQJ VRQV RI WKH UHVXUUHFWLRQ >ÍĎÇţ ¼ĊÊÀÅ ¿¼Çı ÌýË ÒŸÊ̊ʼÑËÍĎÇĖěÅ̼Ë@´/XNH ,QVHQGLQJRXWWKHVHYHQW\-HVXVUHIHUV WR³DVRQRISHDFH>ÍĎġ˼ĊÉŢžË@´/XNH 7KH-RKDQQLQH-HVXVH[KRUWVWKH SXEOLF³:KLOH\RXKDYHWKHOLJKWEHOLHYHLQWKHOLJKWWKDW\RXPD\EHFRPH VRQVRIOLJKW>ÍĎÇĖÎÑÌŦË@´-RKQ -HVXV¶ODQJXDJHLQFOXGLQJKLVFRPPHQWVDERXWWKHVLJQLILFDQFHRIKLVH[RU FLVPVVXJJHVWVWKDWKHYLHZHGKLVPLQLVWU\DVLQVRPHVHQVHPDNLQJZDURQ 6DWDQ$OWKRXJKKHHYLGHQWO\GLGQRWVXPPRQKLVIROORZHUVWRWDNHXSDUPVRU HQYLVLRQ OHDGLQJ D KXPDQ DUP\ DJDLQVW RWKHU KXPDQV KLV H[SHFWDWLRQ RI
Craig A. Evans
HVFKDWRORJLFDOFRQIOLFWLVLQJHQHUDOWHUPVVLPLODUO\WRWKHH[SHFWDWLRQVDUWLF XODWHGLQ4XPUDQ¶V WarWH[WV$VZHZLOOVHHLQWKHQH[WVHFWLRQ-HVXV¶DQ QRXQFHPHQWRIIRUJLYHQHVVKHDOLQJDQGUHVXUUHFWLRQLVDOVRVLPLODUWRH[SHF WDWLRQVLQWKHVFUROOV
(VFKDWRORJLFDOMXELOHHDQGUHVXUUHFWLRQ 7KH0HOFKL]HGHNWH[W4 LVH[SOLFLWO\FRQFHUQHGZLWKWKHWKHPHRIDQ HVFKDWRORJLFDOMXELOHH7KHUHODWLYHO\ZHOOSUHVHUYHGVHFRQGFROXPQEHJLQV DWOLQH ZLWKTXRWDWLRQVRI/HYDQG'HXW0RVDLFOHJLVODWLRQFRQ FHUQHGZLWKGHEWIRUJLYHQHVV DQGWKHQLQWHUSUHWVWKHVHWH[WVLQUHIHUHQFHWRWKH ³ODVWGD\V´OLQH DQG³FDSWLYHV´-''#< SUREDEO\LQUHIHUHQFHWRWKHFDS WLYHV RI ,VD WKRXJK WKH FRQGLWLRQRI OLQH PDNHV WKLV GLIILFXOW WR FRQ ILUP :HDUHWROGWKDWLWZLOOEH0HOFKL]HGHNZKRGHOLYHUVWKHFDSWLYHVDQG UHWXUQVWKHPWRWKHLULQKHULWDQFHOLQHV± WR³IUHHWKHPIURPWKHGHEWRIDOO WKHLULQLTXLWLHV´OLQH $WRQHPHQWZLOOEHPDGHIRUWKH³VRQVRIOLJKW´WKRVH ZKRDUHRIWKH³ORW´RI0HOFKL]HGHNOLQH :HDUHWKHQWROGWKDW³WKLVLVWKH WLPH RI WKH µ\HDU RI 0HOFKL]HGHN¶V IDYRU¶ >98 =1=#++#%/# -['6=@´DOOXGLQJWR([RG =Y %/ K -XGJ DQGWKHSULHVWVVKDOOJLYHGLUHFWLRQWRWKHGLVSRVDORIWKHVODLQRI WKH.LWWLP-''=) [']++[% DQGSXULILFDWLRQRIWKHODQGSUREDEO\LQVSLUHGE\ (]HN± )UDJPHQWFRQWLQXHVWKLVWKHPH /LQHV±UHDG³ DQG\RXVKDOOHDW>WKHVSRLORI\RXUHQHP\ $QGWKH\VKDOOGLJ@JUDYHV >-':9@IRUWKHP >DQG\RXVKDOOFOHDQVH\RXUVHOYHVIURPDO@OWKHLU VODLQ >-!'++%@´ $OH[DQGHU ZRQGHUV LI WKH VODLQ LQ IUDJ UHIHUV QRW WR WKH 5RPDQGHDGEXWWRWKH6RQVRI/LJKWZKRGLHGLQWKHEDWWOH7KLVLVDQLQWHUHVW LQJTXHVWLRQDQG,VKDOODGGUHVVLWVKRUWO\ -HVXVDOVRDSSHDOHGWR,VD±LQKLVSURFODPDWLRQDQGWHDFKLQJ +HWRR VSRNHRIIRUJLYHQHVVDQGHYHQPDGHVREROGDVWRDQQRXQFHIRUJLYHQHVVRQKLV DXWKRULW\DV³WKHVRQRIPDQ´DVLQ0DUN±VHHDOVR/XNH± ,Q/XNH¶VYHUVLRQRI-HVXV¶SUHDFKLQJDW1D]DUHWK,VD±LVIRUPDOO\TXRWHG DQGWKHQGHFODUHG³IXOILOOHG´/XNH± ,Q4WUDGLWLRQ-HVXVDOOXGHVWR ,VDDQGRWKHU,VDLDQLFSDVVDJHVLQKLVUHSO\WRWKHLPSULVRQHG-RKQ³7KH EOLQGUHFHLYHWKHLUVLJKWDQGWKHODPH ZDONOHSHUVDUHFOHDQVHGDQGWKHGHDI KHDU DQG WKH GHDG DUH UDLVHG XS DQG WKH SRRU KDYH JRRG QHZV SUHDFKHG WR WKHP´0DWW/XNH 1RWVXUSULVLQJO\VFKRODUVKDYHGLVFXVVHGWKHSDUDOOHOVIRXQGLQ4³>« )RUWKHKHD@YHQVDQGWKHHDUWKVKDOOOLVWHQWRKLV0HVVLDK >DQGDOOW@KDWLVLQ WKHPVKDOOQRWWXUQDZD\IURPWKHFRPPDQGPHQWVRIWKHKRO\RQHV )RU KH ZLOO KRQRU WKH SLRXV XSRQ WKH WK>UR@QH RI KLV HWHUQDO NLQJGRP VHWWLQJ
+HUHDJDLQ$EHJJ³0HVVLDQLF+RSHDQG4´± JHWVWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQG WUDQVODWLRQULJKW$OWKRXJKLQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHVWXGLHV*H]D9HUPHVDQG0DUNXV%RFNPXHKO ULJKWO\XQGHUVWDQG4DVIRUHWHOOLQJWKH'DYLGLF%UDQFK¶VNLOOLQJRIWKHNLQJRIWKH.LWWLP SUREDEO\WKH5RPDQHPSHURU WKH\PLVVWKHDOOXVLRQWR([RGLQZKLFK,VUDHOFHOH EUDWHVYLFWRU\7KH\IROORZLQVWHDGWKHIDXOW\WUDQVODWLRQVHHQLQ7DERUDQG:LVHVHHQ DERYH ,UHIHUWR*9HUPHV³7KH2[IRUG)RUXPIRU4XPUDQ5HVHDUFK6HPLQDURQWKH5XOH RI:DUIURP&DYH4 ´JJS ±HVSZKHUH9HUPHVDQGKLVFRO OHDJXHVWUDQVODWH³E\VWURNH@VDQGE\ZRXQGV´7KLVLVPRUHRUOHVVIROORZHGLQ0%RFN PXHKO³$µ6ODLQ0HVVLDK¶LQ46HUHNK0LOKDPDK4 "´TynBul ± HVSZKHUHZHILQG³@VDQGZLWKZRXQGV´7KHDOOXVLRQWR([RGLVDOVRPLVVHGLQ WKH WUDQVODWLRQ SURYLGHG E\ *DUFtD 0DUWtQH] DQG 7LJFKHODDU The Dead Sea Scrolls Study EditionZKHUHZHILQG³DQGZLWKZRXQGV´ 6R 3 6 $OH[DQGHU ³$ 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG 5HDGLQJ RI 4Q285 (4QSefer ha-Milhamah)´RevQ ±KHUH± 2QWKHFRQWH[WRI,VDLDKLQWKHSURFODPDWLRQRI-HVXVVHH--&ROOLQV³$+HUDOGRI *RRG7LGLQJV,VDLDK±DQGLWV$FWXDOL]DWLRQLQWKH'HDG6HD6FUROOV´LQThe Quest for Context and Meaning: Studies in Biblical Intertextuality in Honor of James A. SandersHG &$(YDQVDQG67DOPRQ%,6/HLGHQ ± 2QWKLVLPSRUWDQWWKHPHVHH7+lJHUODQGJesus and the Forgiveness of Sins: An Aspect of His Prophetic Mission617606&DPEULGJH +lJHUODQGDUJXHVFRQYLQF LQJO\WKDW-HVXVGLGLQGHHGRIIHUIRUJLYHQHVVDQGWKDWDQDXWKHQWLFFRUHLVSUHVHUYHGLQ0DUN ±
Craig A. Evans
SULVRQHUVIUHHRSHQLQJWKHH\HVRIWKHEOLQGUDLVLQJXSWKRVHZKRDUHER>ZHG GRZQ3V± @ )RUKHVKDOOKHDOWKH FULWLFDOO\ ZRXQGHGKHVKDOO UHYLYHWKHGHDGKHVKDOODQQRXQFHJRRGQHZVWRWKHDIIOLFWHGKHVKDOOVDWL>VI\ WKHSRR@UKHVKDOOJXLGHWKHXSURRWHGKHVKDOOPDNHWKHKXQJU\ULFK´LL ±±± 7KHSULQFLSDOVFULSWXUDOSDVVDJHLV3V±%XWWKHUH DUH DOVR VRPH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW SDUDOOHOV ZLWK ZRUGV DQG SKUDVHV IURP ,VDLDK ³VHWWLQJ SULVRQHUV IUHH´ DSSUR[LPDWHV ,VD ³OLEHUW\ WR WKH FDSWLYHV´ ³RSHQLQJWKHH\HVRIWKHEOLQG´DSSUR[LPDWHV,VD³WKHH\HVRIWKHEOLQG VKDOOEH RSHQHG´FI,VD ³KHVKDOO PDNH DOLYHWKHGHDG´DS SUR[LPDWHV ,VD ³\RXU GHDG VKDOO OLYH´ DQG ³KH VKDOO DQQRXQFH JRRG QHZVWRWKHDIIOLFWHG>: -' # 14 :j + @ ´ 7KHRQHLWHPWKDWILQGVQRSDUDOOHOLV³KHVKDOOKHDOWKHFULWLFDOO\ZRXQGHG´ 7KHWH[WLVVRPHZKDWDPELJXRXVIRU-'++% 6:'FRXOGDOVREHUHQGHUHG³KH VKDOO KHDO WKH VODLQ´ :KHWKHU FULWLFDOO\ ZRXQGHG RU VODLQ WKH WHUPLQRORJ\ EULQJVWRPLQGWKRVHZRXQGHGRUNLOOHGin battle-'++%HLWKHUDVDQDGMHFWLYH RUDGMHFWLYDOVXEVWDQWLYHPHDQLQJ³VODLQ´RU³SLHUFHG´RU³IDWDOO\ZRXQGHG´ ¥+ +% DSSHDUVPDQ\WLPHVLQWKHWarWH[WVHJ40 et passim :HKDYHRIFRXUVHPDQ\H[DPSOHVLQWKH+HEUHZ%LEOH 6RPHRIWKHVHH[DPSOHVDUHOLWHUDOLQZKLFKWKHVODLQDUHOHIWRQWKHILHOGRI EDWWOH2WKHUVDUHSURSKHWLFXVXDOO\DVZDUQLQJV RUPHWDSKRULFDO
)RUFULWLFDOGLVFXVVLRQVHH--&ROOLQV³7KH:RUNVRIWKH0HVVLDK´ DSD ±LGHPThe Scepter and the Star: The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature$%5/1HZDQGWRSUDL@VHWKH/RUGRI+RVWVDQG,WRRVS>RNH@ZLWKWKHP>«@ >«@$QG WKH/RUGVDLGWRPH³6RQ>RIPDQVD@\WRWKHP>«@>«LQWKHSODFHRI@WKHLU >EXU@LDO WKH\ ZLOO OLH XQWLO >«@ >« IURP@ \RXU >JUDY@HV DQG IURP WKH HDUWK >«@´IUDJOLQHV± $QXPEHURIVFKRODUVEHVLGHV:ROGKDYHFRQFOXGHG WKDW4HQYLVLRQVWKHOLWHUDOUHVXUUHFWLRQRI*RG¶VSHRSOH ,QYLHZRIWKLV WH[W QRW WR PHQWLRQ WKH GRPLQLFDO WUDGLWLRQ LWVHOI ZKLFK VSHDNV RI WKH GHDG EHLQJUDLVHGZHVKRXOGFRQFOXGHWKDW4LVVSHDNLQJRIWKHOLWHUDOKHDOLQJ RIWKHZRXQGHGDQGWKHUHYLYLILFDWLRQRIWKHGHDG ,IUDLVLQJWKHULJKWHRXVGHDGZDVDOVRSDUWRIWKHDQWLFLSDWHGHVFKDWRORJLFDO VFHQDULRDVLWVHHPVWRKDYHEHHQWKHQZHPD\KDYH\HWRQHPRUHLPSRUWDQW SRLQWRIRYHUODSZLWK-HVXV¶WHDFKLQJ-HVXVSUHDFKHVWKHJRRGQHZVRI,VDLDK HVS ,VD ± RIIHUV IRUJLYHQHVV EDWWOHV 6DWDQ DQG KLV PLQLRQV LQYHVWV VRPHRIKLVGLVFLSOHVZLWKKLVDXWKRULW\DQGSURYLGHVDWRQHPHQWIRUKLVSHRSOH LQKLVVXIIHULQJDQGGHDWKDVLQWKH:RUGVRI,QVWLWXWLRQ
&RQFOXGLQJ5HPDUNV ,QWKLVEULHIVWXG\,KDYHVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH0HVVLDQLF$SRFDO\SVHRI4 FRXOGEHYLHZHGLQWKHOLJKWRIWKHHVFKDWRORJLFDOVFHQDULRHQYLVLRQHGLQWKH WarWH[WVLQFOXGLQJWKHUHODWHG44,DPQRWVXJJHVWLQJKRZHYHU WKDW4LVDWH[WSURGXFHGE\WKHPHQRI4XPUDQRUWKDWWKHHVFKDWRORJ\RI 4RIIHUVDQH[DFWPDWFKZLWKWKDWRIWKHWarWH[WV1HYHUWKHOHVVLWLVLP SRUWDQWWRUHFRJQL]HWKDWVHYHUDO-HZLVKWH[WVZHUHSURGXFHGLQWKHILUVWFHQWXU\ %&(DQGLQWKHILUVWFHQWXU\&(WKDWVKDUHDQXPEHURIRYHUODSSLQJHVFKDWR ORJLFDOIHDWXUHV7KHDXWKRURIWKHTestament of MosesEHOLHYHGWKDWVXIIHULQJ RIWKHULJKWHRXVZRXOGSUHFHGHGWKHULVHRIWKHNLQJGRPRI*RGDWZKLFKWLPH 6DWDQ¶VSRZHU ZLOOFRPHWRDQHQG4XPUDQ¶V WarWH[WV DQWLFLSDWHDEORRG\ FRQIURQWDWLRQ EHWZHHQ HYLO DQG ULJKWHRXV SRZHUV²EHWZHHQ VSLULWXDO SRZHUV DQGKXPDQIOHVKO\SRZHUV-HVXVWRRVSRNHRIFRQIOLFWEHWZHHQ*RGDQGKLV UXOHDQG6DWDQDQGKLVPLQLRQV -HVXVOLYHGWDXJKWDQGDFWHGLQDZRUOGWKDWORQJHGIRUFKDQJHDQGVRPH WLPHV JDYH H[SUHVVLRQ WR WKHVH ORQJLQJV LQ WKH ODQJXDJH DQG LPDJHU\ RI
:ROG³$JHQF\DQG5DLVLQJWKH'HDG´HVS± 0.LVWHUDQG(4LPURQ³2EVHUYDWLRQVRQ46HFRQG(]HNLHO´RevQ ± --&ROOLQVApocalypticism and the Dead Sea Scrolls/RQGRQDQG1HZ@XQGLKUKDEW)OHLVFKXQG %OXWKHUYRUJHEUDFKWZLHVLHHVWXQGLHVWHUEOLFKXQGYHUJlQJOLFKVLQG98QGGHVKDOEKDEH LFKLKQHQ)UDXHQJHJHEHQGDVVVLHVLHVFKZlQJHUQXQG.LQGHUYRQLKQHQHUKDOWHQVROOWHQ VRGDVVLKQHQDOVRQLFKWVIHKOWDXI(UGHQ9$EHULKUZDUWYRUKHUJHLVWLJ>@98QGGDUXP KDEH LFK IU HXFK NHLQH )UDXHQ JHVFKDIIHQ GHQQ GLH *HLVWLJHQ GHV +LPPHOV KDEHQ LP +LPPHOLKUH:RKQXQJ9$EHUQXQGLH5LHVHQGLHJH]HXJWZRUGHQVLQGDXV*HLVWHUQXQG )OHLVFK E|VH *HLVWHU ZHUGHQ VLH DXI (UGHQ JHQDQQW ZHUGHQ XQG DXI (UGHQ ZLUG LKUH :RKQXQJ VHLQ >@ 9 'LH *HLVWHU GHU 5LHVHQ GLH 1HILOLP VLQG JHZDOWWlWLJ VLQG YHUGRUEHQ EUHFKHQ KHUHLQ NlPSIHQ ]HUVW|UHQ DXI (UGHQ VFKDIIHQ /HLG YHU]HKUHQ NHLQH 6SHLVHXQGGUVWHQQLFKWXQGVLQGQLFKWZDKU]XQHKPHQ98QGGLHVH*HLVWHUZHUGHQVLFK HUKHEHQJHJHQGLH0HQVFKHQNLQGHUXQGGLH)UDXHQZHLOVLHYRQLKQHQDXVJHJDQJHQVLQG³
'LHVHE|VHQ*HLVWHUVLQGHVGLHLQDQGHUHQ4XPUDQ7H[WHQDOV%DVWDUG*HLVWHU EH]HLFKQHW ZHUGHQ XQG LQVRIHUQ 8QUHLQKHLW YHUN|USHUQ XQG ]HUVW|UHULVFK ZLUNHQ DOV VLH HLQH ZLGHUJ|WWOLFKH ([LVWHQ]IRUP GDUVWHOOHQ GHQHQ LP JHRUGQHWHQ .RVPRV NHLQ 3ODW] ]XJHZLHVHQ ZXUGH Ä%|VH³ LP 6LQQH GHV =HUVW|UHULVFKHQVLQGGHPQDFKQLFKWGLH0HQVFKHQGLHGHQ*HLVWHUQ]XP2SIHU IDOOHQVRQGHUQE|VHVLQGGLH*HLVWHUVHOEVWDXIJUXQGLKUHU+HUNXQIW,PHQG ]HLWOLFKHQ*HULFKWVROOLKQHQGHVKDOEHLQ(QGHEHUHLWHWZHUGHQÄ,QWKLVGLVHP ERGLHGVWDWHWKH\FRQWLQXHWRH[LVWXQWLOWKHILQDOWULXPSKRI*RGDWWKHHQGRI KLVWRU\>@³ $XFK GDV Buch der Jubiläen ]HLJW HLQH +LHUDUFKLVLHUXQJ GHU EHUPHQVFK OLFKHQ :HVHQ XQG XQWHUVFKHLGHW GHXWOLFK ]ZLVFKHQ (QJHOQ XQG 'lPRQHQ :lKUHQG HUVWHUH YRQ$QIDQJ DQ LP 6FK|SIXQJVSODQ YRUJHVHKHQ ZDUHQ XP 7HLOHGHV.RVPRV]XYHUZDOWHQVLQGGLH'lPRQHQVSlWHUHXQYRUKHUJHVHKHQH 1DFKNRPPHQGHU(QJHOGLH.UDQNKHLW/HLGXQG7RGYHUXUVDFKHQ9RUDOOHP DEHU YHUIKUHQ VLH GLH 0HQVFKHQ ]X 6QGH 8Q]XFKW XQG:DKQ -XE I (LQH*HQHVHGHUE|VHQ*HLVWHUDXVGHQ*LJDQWHQZLUGLP Jubiläenbuch]ZDU QLFKW H[SOL]LHUW DEHU EHVRQGHUV -XE VHW]W GLH (UNOlUXQJ GHV :lFKWHU P\WKRVYRUDXV
=LWQ68+/,* 'DVlWKLRSLVFKH+HQRFKEXFK-6+5=9 *WHUVORK 9JO)5g+/,&+(YLO /7 678&.(1%58&.7KH+XPDQ%HLQJDQG'HPRQLF,QYDVLRQ7KHUDSHXWLF0RGHOV LQ$QFLHQW-HZLVKDQG&KULVWLDQ7H[WVLQ&+&RRN+J 6SLULWXDOLW\7KHRORJ\ 0HQWDO +HDOWK/RQGRQ± 9JODXFK9$158,7(1$QJHOV
Besessenheit und satanische Verführung bei Lukas
,P+LQEOLFNDXIGLH([RU]LVPXVEHULFKWHLP*DQ]HQXQGDXIGLHOXNDQLVFKH XQG PDWWKlLVFKH &KDUDNWHULVLHUXQJ GHU 'lPRQHQ DOV :HVHQ GLH LQ .|USHUQ HLQZRKQHQXQGQXUGRUW5XKHILQGHQ/NI0WI LP6SH]LHOOHQ VFKHLQWHLQH)RNXVVLHUXQJDXIGLHbWLRORJLHGHUE|VHQ*HLVWHUDOVHQWN|USHUWH *LJDQWHQYLHOYHUVSUHFKHQG'LH([LVWHQ]IRUPMHQHU*HLVWHULVWJHPlGHV+H QRFKEXFKHVZHGHUUHLQJHLVWLJQRFKN|USHUOLFKVRQGHUQLQGHU:HLVHK\EULG DOVVLH]ZDUXQVLFKWEDUVLQGGHQQRFKDEHUSK\VLVFKH*HZDOWDXVEHQN|QQHQ VR lWK+HQ ,KUH JRWWZLGULJH ([LVWHQ] VR 6WXFNHQEUXFN OLHH NHLQ DQGHUHV9HUKDOWHQ]X -HQH GXUFKZHJ DOV XQUHLQ FKDUDNWHULVLHUWHQ +\EULGZHVHQ VLQG HV GHUHQ 'UDQJQDFK.|USHUOLFKNHLWLP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWDOV8UVDFKHIU.UDQNKHLWXQG :DKQJHGHXWHWZLUGXQGGHUHQKLPPOLVFKHU8UVSUXQJLKQHQ.HQQWQLVEHUGHQ 6RKQ*RWWHVYHUOHLKWYJO0NSDU
'LH)XQNWLRQHQGHU'lPRQHQXQG6DWDQVLQ GHQQHXWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ6FKULIWHQ 3.1 Dämonen ,P1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWZHUGHQYRUDOOHPGLH%HJULIIH»¸ÀÄŦÅÀÇÅ[ XQGÈżıĸ ÒÁŠ¿¸ÉÌÇÅ[ ]XU%HVFKUHLEXQJYRQ'lPRQHQYHUZHQGHW'DUEHUKLQDXV ILQGHQ DXFK GLH %H]HLFKQXQJHQ »¸ţÄÑÅ [ Èżıĸ ÈÇžÉŦÅÓ¸ÂÇÅÁÑÎŦÅ ÒÊ¿¼Å¼ţ¸Ë(UZlKQXQJ 'lPRQHQEHJHJQHQPLWZHQLJHQ$XVQDKPHQDOVGHQ .|USHUXQGGLH3V\FKHVFKlGLJHQGH*HLVWHUZHVHQ ,QGHPVLHLQGHQPHQVFK OLFKHQ .|USHU LQNRUSRULHUHQ YHUXUVDFKHQ VLH (SLOHSVLH 0N ± SDU 0DQLH0N±SDU 6WXPPKHLW/NSDU XQGDQGHUHXQEHVWLPPWH )RUPHQ YRQ .UDQNKHLW 0N ± HWF 1XU DXHUKDOE GHU (YDQJHOLHQ ZHUGHQ VLH ]XGHP IU VLWWOLFKH 9HUIHKOXQJHQ XQG ,UUOHKUHQ YHUDQWZRUWOLFK JHPDFKW , 7LP -DN $SN XQG LP 6LQQH GHV JULHFKLVFKHQ :RUWJHEUDXFKVPLWIUHPGHQ*|WWHUXQG*|W]HQGLHQVWDVVR]LLHUW.HLQHUGLHVHU ]XOHW]WJHQDQQWHQ7H[WHVSULFKWMHGRFKYRQN|USHUOLFKHU%HVHVVHQKHLWGXUFKGLH 'lPRQHQ &OLQWRQ :DKOHQ JHKW VR ZHLW ]X EHKDXSWHQ GDVV LQ %H]XJ DXI 'lPRQHQXQG*HLVWHU]ZLVFKHQGHU7HUPLQRORJLHGHU(YDQJHOLVWHQXQGGHUGHU
9JO678&.(1%58&.0\WK Èżıĸ PLWDQGHUHQ$WWULEXWHQDOVÒÁŠ¿¸ÉÌÇÅZLUG[HUZlKQWYJO7DEHOOHEHL:$+ /(1,PSXULW\ =ZDUEHOHJW$SJÆšÅÑÅ »¸ÀÄÇÅţÑÅ GDVV/XNDVGXUFKDXVDXFKGHQJULHFKLVFK HQ *HEUDXFK GHV :RUWHV NDQQWH DEHU , .RU XQG $SN VFKHLQHQ VLFK ZLHGHUXP HKHUDXIGLHVSlWH+HQRFKWUDGLWLRQ]XEHUXIHQVR DOVDXIJULHFKLVFKH7UDGLWLRQJHJHQ% .2//0$11$UW'lPRQHQ,,,5** 6S± $XFK$SNVWHOOWNHLQHQ([RU]LVPXVGDUYJO:$+/(1,PSXULW\
Esther Joas
UHVWOLFKHQ QHXWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ $XWRUHQ NDXP %HUKUXQJVSXQNWH EHVWHKHQ 'DVVYRQ'lPRQHQLP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWZLHYRQ(QJHOQJHVSURFKHQZHUGHQ NDQQZLH2%|FKHUEHKDXSWHW LVWPHLQHV(UDFKWHQVIUGLH(YDQJHOLHQQLFKW ]XWUHIIHQG$XFKGLHÄ(QJHOGHV7HXIHOV´0W PVVHQQLFKWPLW'lPR QHQDVVR]LLHUWZHUGHQ(EHQIDOOVLUUW%|FKHUZHQQHUDOOH.UDQNKHLWHQLQGHQ (YDQJHOLHQDXIGlPRQLVFKHQ8UVSUXQJ]XUFNIKUWXQGGDV(LQIDKUHQ6DWDQV XQGGHU'lPRQHQDOVJ|WWOLFKH6WUDIHIU6QGHQLQWHUSUHWLHUW :lKUHQG .UDQNH GXUFK +DQGDXIOHJXQJ RGHU DQGHUH 3UDNWLNHQ JHVXQG JH PDFKW ZHUGHQ ZHUGHQ YRQ 'lPRQHQ %HVHVVHQH JUXQGVlW]OLFK GXUFK $XV WUHLEXQJ JHKHLOW 9RQ +HLOXQJ ¿¼ÉÈšÍÑĊŠÇĸÀÊň½Ñ ZLUG MHGRFK LQ EHLGHQ )lOOHQ JHVSURFKHQ YJO 0W /N ([RU]LVPHQ ZDUHQ HLQH JlQJLJH 3UD[LV LP SDOlVWLQLVFKHQ 8PIHOG 6R EHULFKWHW GDV 1HXH 7HVWDPHQWDXFKYRQHUIROJUHLFKHQ$XVWUHLEXQJHQDXHUKDOEGHV-QJHUNUHLVHV 0N±SDU Ä-HVXV¶HQFRXQWHUVZLWKWKHGHPRQLFZRUOGDUHORFDWHGE\ WKH 6\QRSWLF *RVSHOV ZLWKLQ D UHOLJLRXV FOLPDWH LQ ZKLFK H[RUFLVPV ZHUH FRQVLGHUHGDOHJLWLPDWHLIQRWHIIHFWLYHZD\WRFRPEDWHYLO³'LH'lPRQHQ ZHUGHQMHGRFKJHPlGHU6FKLOGHUXQJLQGHQV\QRSWLVFKHQ(YDQJHOLHQGXUFK HLQH $XVWUHLEXQJ QLFKW YHUQLFKWHW VRQGHUQ OHGLJOLFK WUDQVOR]LHUW ,KUH 9HUQLFKWXQJLVW]ZDUHQG]HLWOLFKEHVFKORVVHQVWHKWDEHUQRFKDXV %HVRQGHUV DXIVFKOXVVUHLFKLVWKLHUGDVÃ'lPRQHQ/RJLRQ¶LQ0W±SDU'RUWKHLW HVGLH*HLVWHUN|QQWHQQDFKHLQHP([RU]LVPXV]XUFNNHKUHQLQGLHÄ+lXVHU´ DXV GHQHQ VLH YRUPDOV DXVJHIDKUHQ ZDUHQ 'DQHEHQ LVW GLH 'lPRQHQDXV WUHLEXQJ GHV *HUDVHQHUV YLHOVDJHQG 0N ± SDU GHQQ KLHU IOHKHQ GLH 'lPRQHQ LQ 6lXH HLQIDKUHQ ]X GUIHQ XP QLFKW DXV GHU *HJHQG YHUWULHEHQ 0DUNXV RGHULQGHQ$EJUXQGIDKUHQ/XNDV ]XPVVHQ 'LH,QWHQWLRQGHUMHVXDQLVFKHQ([RU]LVPXVEHULFKWHLQGHQ(YDQJHOLHQLVWGDV ]HLFKHQKDIWH$QNQGLJHQ GHU KHUDQEUHFKHQGHQ *RWWHVKHUUVFKDIW 'LHV EHWRQW EHVRQGHUV /XNDV ZHQQ HU -HVXV VDJHQ OlVVW Ä:HQQ LFK DEHU GXUFK *RWWHV )LQJHU GLH E|VHQ *HLVWHU DXVWUHLEH VR LVW MD GDV 5HLFK *RWWHV ]X HXFK JHNRPPHQ´/N %HVHVVHQHZDUHQPHLVWYRQGHU*HPHLQVFKDIWXQGYRP
9JODD2 9JO2%g&+(5$UW'lPRQHQ,95** 6S± 9JO'(56$UW'lPRQHQ,975( ±HEHQVR'(56'lPRQHQ IXUFKWXQG'lPRQHQDEZHKU(LQ%HLWUDJ]XU9RUJHVFKLFKWHGHUFKULVWOLFKHQ7DXIH%:$17 6WXWWJDUWXD 678&.(1%58&.+XPDQ%HLQJ Ä5HORFDWLRQ LQVWHDG RI GHVWUXFWLRQ RI HYLO SRZHU³ 678&.(1%58&. +XPDQ %HLQJ =XEHDFKWHQLVWKLHUDXFKGLH(U]lKOXQJGHV Buchs der Riesen,ZRQDFKGLHVHEHUHLWV (UNHQQWQLV YRQ LKUHU HQGJOWLJHQ 9HUQLFKWXQJ KDEHQ YJO /7 678&.(1%58&. *HZDOW VDPH%HIUHLXQJYRUHLQHP6\QDJRJHQSXEOLNXP([RU]LVPXVLQ.DIDUQDXP/N±LQ 5=LPPHUPDQQ+J .RPSHQGLXPGHUIUKFKULVWOLFKHQ:XQGHUHU]lKOXQJHQ%DQG,'LH :XQGHU-HVX*WHUVORK±
Besessenheit und satanische Verführung bei Lukas
.XOWXV$XVJHVFKORVVHQH:HQQ-HVXV'lPRQHQDXVWUHLEWVWHOOWHUGLHNXOWLVFKH 5HLQKHLWZLHGHUKHUXQGUHLQWHJULHUWGLH$XVJHVWRHQHQLQGLH*HPHLQVFKDIW ,QVHLQHU0RQRJUDILH]XXQUHLQHQ*HLVWHUQLQGHQV\QRSWLVFKHQ(YDQJHOLHQ XQWHUVXFKW :DKOHQ GLH %HGHXWXQJ HLQHV XQUHLQHQ *HLVWHV LP 9HUJOHLFK ]XU %H]HLFKQXQJ DOV 'lPRQ 'DEHL VWHOOW VLFK KHUDXV GDVV DEJHVHKHQ YRQ 0DWWKlXVGHUGLH %H]HLFKQXQJ ÄXQUHLQHU*HLVW´DXVVFKOLHOLFKLQ%H]XJDXI ,VUDHOYHUZHQGHWHLQHEHZXVVWH*OHLFKVHW]XQJGHU%HJULIIHLQGHQ(YDQJHOLHQ DQJHVWUHEWZXUGH'DVEHWRQWDXFK6WXFNHQEUXFNZHQQHUVFKUHLEW Ä7REH LPSXUHZDVWRKDYHDGHPRQDQGWRKDYHDGHPRQ ZDVWREH LPSXUH³'LH $EZHFKVOXQJ GHU 7HUPLQL PDJ GHU $QQlKHUXQJ DQ GLH QLFKWMGLVFKH /HVHUVFKDIW JHGLHQW KDEHQ GHQHQ GHU %HJULII »¸ÀÄŦÅÀÇÅ YHUWUDXW ZDU Èżıĸ ÒÁŠ¿¸ÉÌÇÅGDJHJHQQLFKW $QGHUV DOV LQ TXPUDQLVFKHQ 4XHOOHQ ZRQDFK HUVW GLH PRUDOLVFKH XQG NXOWLVFKH 8QUHLQKHLW GHV (LQ]HOQHQ GHQ 'lPRQHQ (LQ]XJ JHZlKUW YJO7HVW ;,, JHEHQ GLH (YDQJHOLHQ NHLQH $XVNXQIW GDUEHU ZLH HV MHZHLOV ]XU GlPRQLVFKHQ %HVHVVHQKHLW GHU 0HQVFKHQ NDP 9LHOPHKU HUVFKHLQW GLH GlPRQLVFKH9HUHLQQDKPXQJDOVVFKLFNVDOKDIWH)JXQJ Ä'LHJURHQ([RU]LV PXVEHULFKWHVFKLOGHUQ%HVHVVHQKHLWDOVHLQHUHLJQLVKDIW]XPDOEHUGHQ.|USHU KHUHLQEUHFKHQGHV VFKPHU]KDIWHV *HVFKHKHQ GDV GLH %HWURIIHQHQ LKUHU VRPDWLVFKHQ.RQWUROOHEHUDXEW´2EZRKOGLH(YDQJHOLVWHQZLHVFKRQVSlWHUH 7HQGHQ]HQLQGHUKHOOHQLVWLVFKMGLVFKHQ/LWHUDWXUHLQ9HUVWlQGQLVYRQ8QUHLQ KHLWDOVPRUDOLVFKH.DWHJRULHEH]HXJHQ XQGEHVRQGHUV/XNDVPLWGHU*OHLFK VHW]XQJ YRQ XQUHLQHQ XQG E|VHQ *HLVWHUQ HLQH EHGHQNHQVZHUWH 6SDQQXQJ DXIPDFKW JHKH LFK GDYRQ DXV GDVV GLH WUDGLWLRQHOOH 5HGH YRQ *HLVWHUQ DOV XQUHLQ LP 1HXHQ 7HVWDPHQW QLFKW LKUHQ DFWXDOHQ +DQGOXQJHQ DP 0HQVFKHQ JHVFKXOGHW LVW VRQGHUQ LKUHP XQUHLQHQ 8UVSUXQJ LP 6LQQH GHU :lFKWHU 7UDGLWLRQ 'HPJHPl EHGLQJHQ ZHGHU PRUDOLVFKH QRFK JHQXLQ NXOWLVFKH VRQGHUQNRVPLVFKH$VSHNWHGLH8QUHLQKHLWGHU'lPRQHQ 9|OOLJ DQGHUV VWHOOW VLFK GLH 6FKXOGIUDJH MHGRFK LP )DOOH GHU VDWDQLVFKHQ %HGUlQJQLV+LHUVFKHLQWGHU0HQVFKLQGHU7DWGLH0|JOLFKNHLW]XKDEHQHLQHU
9JO:$+/(1,PSXULW\ 678&.(1%58&.+XPDQ%HLQJ 9JO:$+/(1,PSXULW\ 675(&.(5:LUNOLFKNHLW =XU 0RUDOLVLHUXQJ YRQ 5HLQKHLW LQ GHU KHOOHQLVWLVFKHQ XQG MGLVFKHQ /LWHUDWXU YJO :$+/(1 ,PSXULW\ I ]XU %HWRQXQJ GHU ,QQHUOLFKNHLW EHL GHQ (YDQJHOLVWHQ YJO DD2 9JO/NPLWYJOGD]X:$+/(1,PSXULW\Ä)RU/XNHXQFOHDQVSLULWVDQG HYLOVSLULWVDUHLQWHUFKDQJHDEOH7KLVREVHUYDWLRQLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKKLVKDQGOLQJRISXULW\ ULWXDODQGPRUDOLVVXHVDUHFDUHIXOO\KHOGWRJHWKHU>@³ 9JO:$+/(1,PSXULW\Ä:HKDYHIRXQGDOPRVWQRHYLGHQFHLQDQFLHQW-HZLVK RUHDUO\&KULVWLDQOLWHUDWXUHWRVXJJHVWWKDWGHPRQVZHUHQRUPDOO\WKRXJKWRIDVWUDQVPLWWLQJ LPSXULW\³
Esther Joas
9HUXQUHLQLJXQJ]XZLGHUVWHKHQ=XP=ZHFNHGHU.RQWUDVWLHUXQJVROOGHVKDOE LP)ROJHQGHQGLH5ROOH6DWDQVLP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWEHOHXFKWHWZHUGHQ 3.2 Satan 'DV1HXH7HVWDPHQWNHQQWLP*HJHQVDW]]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWÄHLQHK|FKVWH SHUVRQDOYRUJHVWHOOWH0DFKWGHV%|VHQ´(UZLUGDOVʸ̸ÅÜËPDO JOHLFK EHGHXWHQGDXFKDOVĝ »ÀŠ¹ÇÂÇËPDO EH]HLFKQHW%HLP6SUDFKJHEUDXFKLVW IHVW]XVWHOOHQGDVVEHL0NDXVVFKOLHOLFKXQGLQGHQSDXOLQLVFKHQ%ULHIHQEH YRU]XJWʸ̸ÅÜËVWHKWZlKUHQG-RKXQGGLHNDWK%ULHIHDXIGLHVFKRQLQGHU 6HSWXDJLQWD YHUZHQGHWH hEHUVHW]XQJ »ÀŠ¹ÇÂÇË 9HUOHXPGHU] ތXUFNJUHL IHQ,P9RONVPXQGNDQQWHPDQGHQREHUVWHQ%|VHQXQWHUGHP1DPHQBeelzebul 'LH %HHO]HEXO7UDGLWLRQ EHUQHKPHQ GLH V\QRSWLVFKHQ (YDQJHOLHQ DQ HLQHU6WHOOHXQGLGHQWLIL]LHUHQLKQPLW6DWDQXQGGHP7HXIHOYJO0NSDU :HLWHUH%H]HLFKQXQJHQIU6DWDQVLQGLP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWÄGHU9HUVXFKHU³ ĝ ȼÀÉŠ½ÑÅ0W ÄGHU%|VH³ ĝ ÈÇÅÄÉġË0W ÄGHUJURH'UDFKH³ RGHUÄGLHDOWH6FKODQJH³ĝ »ÉŠÁÑÅ ĝ Äšº¸Ë( ĝ ěÎÀË ĝ ÒÉϸėÇË$SN 6DWDQLVWGHUILQVWHUH(QJHOGHUVLFKDOV(QJHOGHV/LFKWVYHUVWHOOHQNDQQ,, .RU (U LVW GHU (QJHO GHV$EJUXQGHV $SN XQG GLH *HZDOW GHU )LQVWHUQLV$SJ (LQHbWLRORJLHGHV(QJHOV6DWDQOLHIHUW$SN± Ä8QGHVHQWEUDQQWHHLQ.DPSILP+LPPHO0LFKDHOXQGVHLQH(QJHONlPSIWHQJHJHQGHQ 'UDFKHQ 8QG GHU 'UDFKH NlPSIWH XQG VHLQH (QJHO XQG VLH VLHJWHQ QLFKW XQG LKUH 6WlWWH ZXUGHQLFKWPHKUJHIXQGHQLP+LPPHO8QGHVZXUGHKLQDXVJHZRUIHQGHUJURH'UDFKH GLHDOWH6FKODQJHGLHGDKHLW7HXIHOXQG6DWDQGHUGLHJDQ]H:HOWYHUIKUWXQGHUZXUGH DXIGLH(UGHJHZRUIHQXQGVHLQH(QJHOZXUGHQPLWLKPGDKLQJHZRUIHQ³
'HU7HXIHOWULWWZLHVFKRQEHL+LREDQGLH0HQVFKHQKHUDQXPVLH]XYHUVXFKHQ YJO0NISDU (UVW|UWGLH*RWW0HQVFK%H]LHKXQJLQGHPHU8QJODXEHQ YJO/N7HVV XQG)UHYHOWDWHQYJO$SJ KHUYRUUXIW(ULVWGHU 9DWHUGHU /JH -RK XQG GHU 6lHUGHV %|VHQ 0N SDU 1LFKW GLH
2%g&+(5$UW7HXIHO,975( 6S± 9JO]XPV\QRQ\PHQ*HEUDXFK0NPLWGHQ3DUDOOHOVWHOOHQ0W/NVRZLH 0NXQG/N 2EGLH8QWHUVFKLHGOLFKH%H]HLFKQXQJGHP$OWHUGHU6FKULIWHQ]X]XVFKUHLEHQLVWYJO %g&+(57HXIHO RGHUGHPJULHFKLVFKHQE]ZKHEUlLVFKHQ6SUDFKJHEUDXFKGHU9HU IDVVHULVWXQNODU (QWJHJHQGHUlOWHUHQ)RUVFKXQJGLHLPKHEUlLVFKHQ#$+3GLHXUVSUQJOLFKHUH)RUP VDKXQGYRQzebub )OLHJHQ HLQHQ.UDQNKHLWVGlPRQDEOHLWHQZROOWHZLUGKHXWHGDYRQDXV JHJDQJHQGDVVGDV1HXH7HVWDPHQWGLHXUVSUQJOLFKH)RUPEHZDKUWKDWXQGGLH+HUOHLWXQJ YRQzblDXVGHP$NNDGLVFKHQQDKHOLHJHQGHULVWBaal]blEHGHXWHGHPQDFKÄ)UVW³RGHUÄGHU (UK|KWH³XQGZDUDOV7LWHOIU*RWWKHLWHQLP$OWHQ2ULHQWYHUEUHLWHWYJO : +(550$11 $UW%DDO=HEXE''' 6S± 'LH:DKOGHV1DPHQVEOHLEWGHQQRFKDQJH VLFKWVPDQJHOQGHU3DUDOOHOHQLQGHUMGLVFKHQ/LWHUDWXUUlWVHOKDIWXQGGLH,GHQWLIL]LHUXQJPLW 6DWDQVHNXQGlUYJO) %2921'DV(YDQJHOLXPQDFK/XNDV/N±(..,,, 'VVHOGRUI1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\QI
Besessenheit und satanische Verführung bei Lukas
3K\VLV ZLUG GDEHL YRQ 6DWDQ DQJHJULIIHQ VRQGHUQ GLH *HVLQQXQJ :LH GLH 9|JHO GLH JXWH 6DDW IUHVVHQ VR NDQQ 6DWDQ GHQ 0HQVFKHQ GDV :RUW *RWWHV UDXEHQQRFKHKHHVNHLPW0N (UQLPPWGDV:RUWDXVLKUHP+HU]HQ GDVVVLHQLFKWJODXEHQ/N XQGHUHUIOOWGDV+HU]PLWE|VHQ*HGDQNHQ $SJ 1DFK -RKDQQHV ZXUGH GHU 7HXIHO GHP -XGDV LQV +HU] JHZRUIHQ ¹ŠÂÂÑ-RKYJO/N 'DV+HU]LVWLP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWÄGHU0LWWHO SXQNW GHV LQQHUHQ /HEHQV GHV 0HQVFKHQ³ +LHU ZR (PSILQGXQJHQ XQG $IIHNWH9HUVWDQGXQG:LOOHQYHURUWHWZHUGHQLVWDXFKGHU2UWDQGHP*RWW VLFKEH]HXJWXQGDQGHP6DWDQ6FKDGHQDQULFKWHQNDQQ :LGHUVWHKHQN|QQH PDQGHP7HXIHOGXUFKUHLQH+lQGHXQGODXWHUH+HU]HQYJO-DN 3DXOXV QHQQW:DKUKHLW*HUHFKWLJNHLW)ULHGHXQG*ODXEHDOVÄ:DIIHQUVWXQJ*RWWHV³ JHJHQGLH$QVFKOlJHGHV7HXIHOV(SK± $XFK(QWKDOWVDPNHLWXQG9HU JHEXQJGLHQHQGHU$EZHKU6DWDQV,.RU.RU ,QGHQV\QRSWLVFKHQ (YDQJHOLHQPDKQW-HVXV]X:DFKVDPNHLWXQG*HEHWXPÄGHU9HUVXFKXQJ³]X ZLGHUVWHKHQYJO0NSDU ,Q GHU %HHO]HEXO.RQWURYHUVH GLH GHQ 9RONVJODXEHQ ]XU =HLW GHU (YDQJHOLVWHQVSLHJHOW ZLUG Beelzebul DOVXQUHLQHU*HLVWYRUJHVWHOOWYJO0N GHQPDQKDEHQ ìÏÑ NDQQZLHHLQ%HVHVVHQHUHLQHQ'lPRQYJO0N PLWSDU 6RGDQQNDQQ6DWDQVHOEVWDOV0HWRQ\PIUE|VH*HLV WHUVWHKHQ0N0W/N +LHULVWHUQLFKWQXUHLQHUGHU*HLVWHU VRQGHUQHUUHJLHUWZLHVFKRQ%HOLDORGHU0DVWHPDLQGHUIUKMGLVFKHQ/LWHUD WXU DOV 'lPRQHQIUVW EHU HLQ 5HLFK YRQ ÄJHVFKORVVHQHU JRWWIHLQGOLFKHU 0DFKW³(VLVWMHGRFKIHVW]XKDOWHQGDVVHV±DEJHVHKHQYRQGHP%HHO]HEXO 9HUJOHLFK±DXHUKDOEGHVOXNDQLVFKHQ'RSSHOZHUNVNHLQH%HOHJHIUVROFKH (LJHQVFKDIWHQ6DWDQVJLEWGLHLQRELJHP6LQQGlPRQLVFKVLQG 6DWDQGULQJW QLFKW LQ .|USHU HLQ XQG ZLUG ZHGHU DOV XQUHLQ QRFK DOV NUDQNPDFKHQG FKDUDNWHULVLHUW6WDWWGHVVHQJHIlKUGHWHUGLHUHFKWH*HVLQQXQJXQGGDV:DQGHOQ PLW*RWW'HU0HQVFKLVWGXUFKDXVIlKLJGHQ7HXIHOGXUFKJXWHV+DQGHOQXQG ZDKUHQ *ODXEHQ DE]XZHKUHQ Ä6R VHLG QXQ *RWW XQWHUWDQ :LGHUVWHKW GHP 7HXIHOVRIOLHKWHUYRQHXFK³-DN
'LH(UVFKHLQXQJVIRUPHQGHV%|VHQEHL/XNDV :LHEHUHLWVHUZlKQWYHUPLVFKW/XNDVGDV6DWDQLVFKHXQG'lPRQLVFKH PHKU DOVGLHDQGHUHQ(YDQJHOLVWHQ(LQH$QDO\VHGHU7H[WVWHOOHQVROO$XIVFKOXVVGDU EHU JHEHQ ZHOFKH 5ROOH 6DWDQ LP 9HUJOHLFK ]X GHQ 'lPRQHQ EHL /XNDV
-%(+0$UWÁ¸É»ţ¸7:17 ± 9JOHEG 2 %g&+(5$UW6DWDQ(:17,,, 6S±'LHVJLOWP(MHGRFK QXUSDUWLHOO *HJHQDD2
Esther Joas
HLQQLPPWXQGZDVGDUDXVIUGLH6FKXOGIUDJHGHU%HVHVVHQHQIROJW=XQlFKVW ZHUGHQ7H[WHYRUJHVWHOOWLQGHQHQ6DWDQGLH5ROOHGHV9HUVXFKHUVLQQHKDW 4.1 Satan als Engel der Finsternis 4.1.1 Extrakorporale Handlungen *HPlGHU9HUVXFKXQJVV]HQHGLHDOOHGUHLV\QRSWLVFKHQ(YDQJOLHQEHUOLHIHUQ YJO0W±0NI/N± EHVWHKW-HVXVGLH3UIXQJHQ6DWDQVGHU KLHU ZLH LP %XFK +LRE DOV Ä$JHQW *RWWHV´ IXQJLHUW ,QWHUHVVDQW VLQG GLH XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ1XDQFHQLQGHQ%HULFKWHQYRQ0DWWKlXVXQG/XNDV 9LHU %HREDFKWXQJHQVHLHQJHQDQQW :lKUHQG 0DWWKlXV PLW GHQ 9HUEHQ ÈÉÇÊšÉÏÇĸÀ 9 XQG ȸɸ¸ĹŠÅÑ 9 GDVYRQDXHQ+HUDQWUHWHQGHV7HXIHOVEHWRQWSRLQWLHUW/XNDVPLWGHQ :RUWHQ ÒÅŠºÑ9 XQGÓºÑ9 GDV$QJHIKUWZHUGHQGXUFKGHQ7HXIHO $XFKYHUOlVVWGHUOXNDQLVFKH7HXIHO-HVXVQLFKWHLQIDFKZLHDQGHUQRUWVGHU +LUWHVHLQHQHXQXQGQHXQ]LJ6FKDIHÒÎÀŢÄÀYJO0W VRQGHUQHU OlVVW YRQ LKP DE ÒÎţÊ̾ÄÀ ÒÈŦ ÌÀÅÇË /N 'LH 9RNDEHO ÒÎţÊ̾ÄÀ LPSOL]LHUW N|USHUOLFKH XQG VHHOLVFKH (QWIHVVHOXQJ DEHU DXFK 5HEHOOLRQ XQG )HLQGVFKDIW6RVFKUHLEW/XNDVEHUGHQ*DOLOlHU-XGDVHUKDEHHLQH0HQJH GHV9RONHVÄHQWIHVVHOW´ÒÈšÊ̾ʼŠ¸ġÅ$SJ :LH+DQQDDP7HPSHO KDIWHWXQGQLHYRQLKPZHLFKWÇĤÁ ÒÎţÊ̸ÌÇ/N VRODVVHQGLH:DFKHQ JOHLFKYRQ3DXOXVDEDOVHUVLFKDOVU|PLVFKHU%UJHUHQWSXSSWÒÈšÊ̾ʸÅÒÈн ¸ĤÌÇı $SJ ,Q /N ZLUG GDV $EIDOOHQ YRP *ODXEHQ ]XU =HLW GHU $QIHFKWXQJëÅÁ¸ÀÉŊ ȼÀɸÊÄÇıÒÎţÊ̸Å̸À9 GHP+DIWHQDP*ODXEHQ Á¸ÌšÏÑ 9 JHJHQEHUJHVWHOOW 8QG ]X GHQHQ GLH 8QUHFKW JHWDQ KDEHQ VSULFKWGHU+DXVKHUU:HLFKWYRQPLUÒÈŦÊ̼̾ ÒÈн ëÄÇı/N $XFK YRQHLQHP(QJHO*RWWHVKHLWHVHUOLHYRQ3HWUXVDEÒÈšÊ̾ĝÓºº¼ÂÇËÒÈн ¸ĤÌÇı$SJ :HQQ/XNDVQXQEHULFKWHWGDVVGHU6DWDQYRQ-HVXVDEOlVVW GDQQVSLHOWHUVRZRKODXIGLHN|USHUOLFKH'LPHQVLRQGHV(QWIHVVHOQVDOVDXFK DXIGLH6HPDQWLNGHU$QIHLQGXQJDQ
0:2/7(5'DV/XNDVHYDQJHOLXP+17 7ELQJHQ 0DUNXVEHULFKWHWQXUVHKUNQDSSXQGGLHQWQXUEHGLQJWDOV*UXQGODJHIU0WXQG/N 'HUHQ4XHOOHLVWYRUDOOHP4YJO ) %2921'DV(YDQJHOLXPQDFK/XNDV/N± (..,,, 'VVHOGRUI1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\Q 9JO - /28:($ 1,'$ $ *UHHN(QJOLVK OH[LFRQ RI WKH 1HZ 7HVWDPHQW EDVHG RQ VHPDQWLFGRPDLQV%DQG*(/6' 1HZNHQQW@NHLQH$XVWUHLEXQJ´-HVXVWUHLEWQLFKWGHQ*HLVWDXVVRQGHUQ HU OHJW GLH +lQGH DXI 9 1XU 9 VWHOOW GHQ %HULFKW LQ GHQ .RQWH[W GlPRQLVFKHU %HVHVVHQKHLW 'LH YRUOLHJHQGH 4XHOOH NDQQWH 6DWDQ DOV GHQ 9HUXUVDFKHUGHU.UDQNKHLWYJODXFK$SJ 'LHVHUZDUMHGRFKQLFKWLQ GLH)UDXHLQJHIDKUHQVRQGHUQHUKDWWHVLHJHEXQGHQVRGDVV-HVXVLKQYRQLKU ORVELQGHQNRQQWHZLHGHU%DXHUHLQHQ2FKVHQYRQGHU.ULSSHÒÈÇÂŧÑ9 ÂŧÑ ÒÈÇ 9 'LH 9RUVWHOOXQJ GHV (QWIHVVHOQV HULQQHUW DQ GDV $EODVVHQ 6DWDQVYRQ-HVXVLQ/N =XVDPPHQIDVVHQGNDQQIHVWJHKDOWHQZHUGHQGDVVHV/XNDVHLJHQLVWHLQHQ HQJHQ =XVDPPHQKDQJ ]ZLVFKHQ GlPRQLVFKHU %HVHVVHQKHLW XQG VDWDQLVFKHU 0DFKWDXVEXQJKHU]XVWHOOHQ$EJHVHKHQYRQGHP(LQIDKUHQLQ-XGDVKDQGHOW 6DWDQMHGRFKVWHWVH[WUDNRUSRUDOXQGLVWDOV(QJHOQLFKWDOV%DVWDUG:HVHQ]X GHQNHQ ,P *HJHQVDW] ]X GHQ GUHL DQGHUHQ (YDQJHOLVWHQ PLW$XVQDKPH GHV %HHO]HEXO9HUJOHLFKV EHL 0W XQG 0N LVW GHU 7HXIHO EHL /XNDV QLFKW DXV VFKOLHOLFKGHU9HUXUVDFKHUPRUDOLVFKHU9HUJHKHQXQGGHU9HUKLQGHUHUGHVJ|WW OLFKHQ:HJHVVRQGHUQPLW/N±±XQG$SJIDXFK GHU*UXQGIU.UDQNKHLWHQXQG%HVHVVHQKHLW:LHLVWQXQYRUGHP+LQWHUJUXQG VDWDQLVFKHU0DFKWDXVEXQJGLH%HVHVVHQKHLWGXUFK'lPRQHQ]XGHQNHQ"+lOW GDV5HLQKDOWHQXQG%HWHQQLFKWQXU6DWDQVRQGHUQDXFKGLH'lPRQHQIHUQZLH HVLQGHUIUKMGLVFKHQ7UDGLWLRQHWZDLQ7HVW;,,EHOHJWLVW":LHNRPPWHV GDVV HLQ]LJ /XNDV GLH 'lPRQHQ DOV E|VH ÈÇžÉŦË FKDUDNWHULVLHUW" 'LHVH )UDJHQVROOHQDEVFKOLHHQGDQKDQGGHVOXNDQLVFKHQÃ'lPRQHQ/RJLRQV¶ XQG GUHLHU([RU]LVPXVEHULFKWHEHDUEHLWHWZHUGHQ
9JODD2I $D2 %|FKHU HUNOlUWDXFK GLH +DQGDXIOHJXQJ GLH LQ GHU $QWLNH EHUDOODOVÄhEHUWUDJXQJ YRQ.UlIWHQ´JHGHXWHWZLUG]XHLQHUH[RU]LVWLVFKHQ3UD[LV'LHVMHGRFKLQHLQHU9RUVWHOOXQJ YRQ.UDQNKHLWDOVJUXQGVlW]OLFKGlPRQLVFKJHZLUNWYJO%g&+(5'lPRQHQIXUFKWI
Besessenheit und satanische Verführung bei Lukas
4.3 Dämonen als unreine Bastard-Wesen ,P*HJHQVDW]]X6DWDQGHUDQNHLQHU6WHOOHPLWGHP$WWULEXWÃXQUHLQ¶EHVFKULH EHQZLUGLVW8QUHLQKHLWHLQXQYHU]LFKWEDUHV0HUNPDOGHU'lPRQHQ'LHbWLR ORJLHGHU8QUHLQKHLWKDEHLFKREHQEHUHLWVJHVFKLOGHUWXQGGLH7KHVHYHUWUHWHQ GDVVVLHÄNRVPLVFK´KHUJHOHLWHWZLUGXQGQLFKWHUVWLP=XJHGHU%HVHVVHQKHLW HQWVWHKW 'HP HQWVSUHFKHQG VFKHLQW DXFK GLH ,QNRUSRULHUXQJ HLQH XQKLQWHU IUDJWHNRVPLVFKH1RWZHQGLJNHLW]XVHLQGHU*RWWHQG]HLWOLFKMHGRFKHLQ(QGH ]XVHW]HQYHUPDJ 4.3.1 Das ‚Dämonen-Logion’ (Lk 11,24–26) 2WWR %|FKHU VSULFKW YRQ GHP 'lPRQHQ/RJLRQ GDV /XNDV XQG 0DWWKlXV JOHLFKHUPDHQ EHUOLHIHUQ DOV HLQHP Ä6XPPDULXP DQWLNHU 'lPRQRORJLH VFKOHFKWKLQ³'LHGUUHQ6WlWWHQVLQG±DOVSRWHQWLHOOOHEHQVEHGURKOLFKH2UWH IU0HQVFKHQ±EHYRU]XJWH$XIHQWKDOWVRUWHGHU'lPRQHQ $XFK5XKHORVLJ NHLW LVW HLQ :HVHQVPHUNPDO MHQHU XQUHLQHQ *HVWDOWHQ 'DV 9HUODQJHQ GHU 'lPRQHQ QDFK .|USHUOLFKNHLW ZXUGH REHQ EHUHLWV PLW GHU +HQRFKWUDGLWLRQ EHJUQGHW)UXQVHUH%HODQJHLQWHUHVVDQWLVWQXQYRUDOOHPGLH$XVVDJHGDVV GLH 'lPRQHQ LKU +DXV ÄJHNHKUW XQG JHVFKPFNW´ ʼʸÉÑÄšÅÇÅ Á¸Ė Á¼ÁÇÊľĚÅÇÅ 9 E]Z PLW 0DWWKlXV DXFK QRFK ÄOHHU´ ÊÏÇŠ½ÇÅ̸ 0W ILQGHQ =ZHLIHOORV VSLHOW GLHVH $XVVDJH DXI H[RU]LVWLVFKH XQG DSRWURSlLVFKH5LWHQDQ,P=XJHGHV([RU]LVPXVZXUGHGHU.|USHUGDVÄ+DXV´ GHU 'lPRQHQ 9 JHUHLQLJW XQG GXUFK .DWKDUVLV XQG$VNHVH YRUEHXJHQG UHLQJHKDOWHQ XQG JHVFKPFNW $VNHVH ÄHUVWUHEW NXOWLVFKH 5HLQKHLW GXUFK 9HU]LFKWDXIMHGHQLUJHQGP|JOLFKHQ.RQWDNWPLWGHU:HOWGHU'lPRQHQ´VR HWZD GXUFK )DVWHQ 6FKZHLJHQ 9HU]LFKW DXI 6H[XDOLWlW RGHU 9HUKOOXQJ GHV +DXSWHVGHQQHVZDUHQYRUDOOHPGLH.|USHU|IIQXQJHQGLHDOV(LQWULWWVWRUIU 'lPRQHQ JDOWHQ :LH ZLUNXQJVORV MHQH 3UDNWLNHQ VHLQ N|QQHQ VFKLOGHUW 9HLQGUFNOLFK'LH0HQVFKHQVDKHQVLFKGHQ'lPRQHQDXVJHOLHIHUWXQG LFKIJHKLQ]XVFKXOGORVDXVJHOLHIHUW'HQQZDVNRQQWHQVLHPHKUWXQDOVVLFK NXOWLVFKUHLQKDOWHQ"6RGLHQWGLHVHV/RJLRQXUVSUQJOLFKQLFKWDOV Ä:DUQUHJHO IU:XQGHUWlWHU´VRQGHUQHQWVSULFKWGHU$OOWDJVHUIDKUXQJGHVDQWLNHQ0HQ VFKHQXQGLVWLQGHP6LQQHHLQHÄH[RU]LVWLVFKH9RONVZHLVKHLW´
%g&+(5&KULVWXV([RUFLVWD '(56'lPRQHQIXUFKW $D2 $D2 9JO'(56&KULVWXV([RUFLVWD % .2//0$11-HVXVXQGGLH&KULVWHQDOV:XQGHUWlWHU6WXGLHQ]X0DJLH0HGL]LQ XQG6FKDPDQLVPXVLQ$QWLNHXQG&KULVWHQWXP*|WWLQJHQ 8/8='DV(YDQJHOLXPQDFK0DWWKlXV0W±(.., 'VVHOGRUI1HXNLUFKHQ 9OX\Q 0DWWKlXV QXW]W GDV /RJLRQ KLQJHJHQ DOV *OHLFKQLV XP GHP ÄE|VHQ´
Esther Joas
:LHGHUXPLVWGLH.RQWH[WXDOLVLHUXQJEHL/XNDV DXIVFKOXVVUHLFK'LH5HGH YRQ%HHO]HEXOXQGGHQE|VHQ*HLVWHUQLVWHLQJHUDKPWLQ%HOHKUXQJHQ-HVXGLH ]XP%HWHQDQKDOWHQXQGDQGLH:LUNXQJGHV*ODXEHQVHULQQHUQ'HU9HUV GHU-QJHUEHOHKUXQJ/N± ZlUHGHPQDFKGHU$XIWDNW XQGGLH6HOLJ SUHLVXQJ 9 GLH $EUXQGXQJ =XGHP EHVWLPPW GHU 6SUXFK DXV 9 GLH /HVDUWGHU)ROJHYHUVH0|JOLFKLVWDOVRHLQH'HXWXQJZRQDFKGHUYRQ*RWWHU EHWHQH+HLOLJH*HLVWGLHJUXQGVlW]OLFKÄE|VHQ´0HQVFKHQ9 YRUÄE|VHQ´ *HLVWHUQ9 ±MHZHLOVÈÇžÉŦ˱VFKW]W'HPQDFKGUIHGHU.|USHUQLHPDOV OHHU VHLQ VRQGHUQ VWHWV YROO GHV +HLOLJHQ *HLVWHV /N :HU ]HUVWUHXW 9 PDFKWVLFKDQJUHLIEDUIU'lPRQHQZHUDEHUGDV:RUW*RWWHVK|UWXQG EHZDKUW9 EOHLEWYRULKQHQJHVFKW]W'LHVH'HXWXQJLVWVSHNXODWLYZHLO /XNDVVLHQLFKWH[SOL]LHUWGRFKLP+LQEOLFNDXIGLHOXNDQLVFKH*HEHWVSUD[LV XQG GLH 6FKXW]IXQNWLRQ GHV +HLOLJHQ *HLVWHV GXUFKDXV QDKHOLHJHQG 'DUEHU KLQDXVPDJHLQZHLWHUHV&KDUDNWHULVWLNXPIHGHUIKUHQGVHLQ5HLQKHLWEHGHXWHW EHL /XNDV YRU DOOHP PRUDOLVFKUHOLJL|VH 5HLQKHLW Ä>,Q /XNH$FWV@ SXULW\ ODQJXDJHLVXWLOLVHGLQRUGHUWRDFFHQWXDWHLQQHUTXDOLWLHVVXFKDVFRPSDVVLRQ IDLWKDQGV\PSDWK\WRZDUGWKHVXIIHULQJ´6RDQWZRUWHWGHUOXNDQLVFKH-HVXV ZHQLJH9HUVHVSlWHUGHQ3KDULVlHUQÄ*HEWGRFKGLH'LQJHGLHLQQHQVLQGDOV $OPRVHQ GDQQ VLQG DOOH 'LQJH UHLQ IU HXFK´ /N ,Q GLHVHP /LFKW LURQLVLHUW /XNDV GLH 5HGH YRP ÄJHNHKUWHQ XQG JHVFKPFNWHQ´ .|USHU XQG VWHOOWGHUNXOWLVFKHQ5HLQKHLWGLH5HLQKHLWGHV+HU]HQVGXUFKGHQ*ODXEHQDQ *RWWDOVHLQ]LJZLUNPlFKWLJJHJHQEHU 'HQQRFK ZLUG HLQH 6FKXOG]XZHLVXQJ GHU %HVHVVHQHQ DQ NHLQHU 6WHOOH JHlXHUWXQGLVWGHQ([RU]LVPXVEHULFKWHQIUHPG6LHNHQQHQGLH%HVHVVHQHQ DOVXQVFKXOGLJH2SIHU :LHGLHYHUORUHQHQ6FKDIHEULQJW-HVXVVLH]XUFNLQ GLH*HPHLQVFKDIWXQGOlVVWVRGDV5HLFK*RWWHVDQEUHFKHQ 4.3.2 Die Heilung des Besessenen in Kafarnaum (Lk 4,33±36) 'HU HUVWH OXNDQLVFKH ([RU]LVPXVEHULFKW LVW HLQJHEHWWHW LQ ]ZHL :XQGHU HU]lKOXQJHQYRQHLQ]HOQHQXQG]ZHL6DPPHOEHULFKWHQGLHGDV:LUNHQ-HVXLQ *DOLOlD HLQOlXWHQ /N ± 9±D YHUDQVFKDXOLFKW GLH KHLOLJH =HLW 6DEEDW XQG GHQ KHLOLJHQ 2UW 6\QDJRJH GHU HUVWHQ +DQGOXQJ 'LH DE VFKOLHHQGHQ9HUVHPDUNLHUHQGHQ+LQWHUJUXQGDOOHU:XQGHUKHLOXQJHQ-HVX]X
*HVFKOHFKW,VUDHO8QKHLODQ]XNQGLJHQ:HQQHV-HVXVDEOHKQWZLUGHVLKPVFKOLPPHUJH KHQDOV]XYRU9JODD2 9JO+8/216.$6WUHLWHQPLW-HVXV.RQIOLNWJHVFKLFKWHQLQGHQ(YDQJHOLHQ*|WWLQ JHQ 9JO&%g775,&+)HLQGOLFKHhEHUQDKPH-HVXVXQGGLHE|VHQ*HLVWHU/N± LQ=LPPHUPDQQ+J .RPSHQGLXP± 9JO:$+/(1,PSXULW\ $D2 675(&.(5:LUNOLFKNHLW
Besessenheit und satanische Verführung bei Lukas
YHUNQGLJHQGLHIURKH%RWVFKDIWYRP5HLFK*RWWHV9 /XNDVRULHQWLHUWVLFK LQ GHU JDQ]HQ 3HULNRSH DP PDUNLQLVFKHQ 7H[W 0N ± XQG VFKPFNW GLHVHQDXVYD9 =ZHLHUOHLLVWIUXQVHUH%HODQJHEHPHUNHQVZHUW=XP HLQHQ N|QQHQ ZLU VHKHQ GDVV LP *HJHQVDW] ]XP DOWWHVWDPHQWOLFKHQ *HVHW] DXFK%HVHVVHQHDOVR8QUHLQHGLH6\QDJRJHEHWUHWHQXQGDP*RWWHVGLHQVWWHLO QHKPHQ GXUIWHQ 6HOELJHV ]HLJW DXFK GLH +HLOXQJ GHU YHUNUPPWHQ )UDX LQ /N=XPDQGHUHQLVWZLFKWLJGDVVGHU)RNXVGHU(U]lKOXQJQLFKWDXIGHP /HLG XQG GHU (UO|VXQJ GHV %HVHVVHQHQ OLHJW VRQGHUQ VLFK XP ]ZHL DQGHUH $XVVDJHLQWHQWLRQHQGUHKW(UVWHQVGLH*HLVWHUKDEHQHLQJHKHLPHV:LVVHQXP GLH*RWWHVVRKQVFKDIW-HVX90N 'LHVEHWRQW/XNDVQRFKHLQPDOEHL GHP 6DPPHOEHULFKW EHU$XVWUHLEXQJHQ LQ 9 =ZHLWHQV -HVXV OHKUW XQG KDQGHOWLQ9ROOPDFKWëÆÇÍÊţ¸Á¸Ė»ÍÅŠÄÀË9 (VIlOOWDXIGDVVGHU%HVHVVHQHVHOEVWQLFKWLP)RNXVGHU(U]lKOXQJVWHKW (U ZLUG QLFKW EHXUWHLOW XQG -HVXV VSULFKW LKQ QLFKW DQ ZHGHU YRUKHU QRFK QDFKKHU'LH.RPPXQLNDWLRQYHUOlXIW]ZLVFKHQ-HVXVXQGGHP*HLVWGHUYRQ VLFKLQGHU0HKU]DKOVSULFKWXQGVRDXFK ÄDQGHUHGHUDUWLJH*HLVWHUYLHOOHLFKW VRJDU GLH GlPRQLVFKHQ 0lFKWH LQVJHVDPW´ UHSUlVHQWLHUW 'LH ]ZHL UKHWR ULVFKHQ)UDJHQÌţ÷ÄėÅÁ¸ĖÊÇţÄZDV>LVWPLW@XQVXQGGLU"´XQGö¿¼ËÒÈÇšʸÀ ÷ÄÜËÄELVWGXJHNRPPHQXQV]XYHUQLFKWHQ"´ LPSOL]LHUHQGDV:LVVHQGHU'l PRQHQXPLKUHHQGJOWLJH9HUQLFKWXQJ6FKRQLP:RUWODXWZLUGGHU.RQWUDVW GHUE|VHQXQGJXWHQ0DFKWGHXWOLFKZLURGHUGX%HLGHQ]ZHL$XVVDJHQEHU -HVX,GHQWLWlW Ä-HVXVYRQ1D]DUHWK´ XQG ÄGHU+HLOLJH*RWWHV´ LVWYRUDOOHP GLH]ZHLWHZLFKWLJ'HU*UXQGZDUXP-HVXV0DFKWEHUXQUHLQH*HLVWHUKDW LVWVHLQH+HLOLJNHLWXQGGDPLWVHLQHYROONRPPHQHNXOWLVFKH5HLQKHLW (QWVSUHFKHQG GHU /HKUH YRQ 'lPRQHQ DOV *HLVWHU GLH HLQHU %HKDXVXQJ EHGUIHQLVWGHU%HVHVVHQHKLHUQXUGLH+OOHXQG]XJOHLFK2SIHUHLQHUNRV PLVFKHQ9HUNHKUXQJGHUHQHQGJOWLJH$XIO|VXQJ]ZDUQRFKEHYRUVWHKWDEHU PLWGHPDQEUHFKHQGHQ5HLFK*RWWHVEHUHLWVEHJLQQW 4.3.3 Die Heilung des Besessenen von Gerasa (Lk 8,26±39) $OOHGUHL6\QRSWLNHUEHULFKWHQYRQGHU'lPRQHQDXVWUHLEXQJGHV*HUDVHQHUV ZREHLGHUPDWWKlLVFKH%HULFKWNQDSSHUDXVIlOOWYJO0N±0W± 0LW %OLFN DXI GLH 6FKXOGIUDJH VROO KLHU YRU DOOHP DXI GLH %HVFKUHLEXQJ GHV %HVHVVHQHQHLQJHJDQJHQZHUGHQ'LHVLVWIUHLOLFKHLQ1HEHQVFKDXSODW]GHQQ GHU +|KHSXQNW GHV %HULFKWV LVW GDV 9HUKDQGOXQJVJHVSUlFK -HVX PLW GHU LQQHZRKQHQGHQ'lPRQHQVFKDUXQGGLH6FKLOGHUXQJLKUHU7UDQVORNDWLRQ ,P *HJHQVDW] ]X GHP 0DQQ LQ .DIDUQDXP ZLUG GLH $XVZLUNXQJ GHV %HVHVVHQVHLQV KLHU HLQGUFNOLFK JHVFKLOGHUW (U LVW QDFNW OHEW LQ *UDEK|KOHQ
678&.(1%58&.%HIUHLXQJ 9JOHEG 1XUEHL0W ZLUGYRP6WHUEHQGHU'lPRQHQJHVSURFKHQ0NXQG/NOHJHQQDKH GDVVGLH'lPRQHQVLFKQXQLP:DVVHUEHILQGHQ
Esther Joas
XQGLVWQLFKWHLQPDOGXUFK)HVVHOQ]XElQGLJHQ0DUNXV ZHLQRFKYRQ*H VFKUHL XQG 6HOEVWYHUVWPPHOXQJ ]X EHULFKWHQ 0N $P (QGH GHV ([RU]LVPXVEHULFKWVZLUGGHU0DQQZLHEHUHLWVHUZlKQWDOVEHNOHLGHWXQGYHU QQIWLJ/NYJO0N EHVFKULHEHQ1DFKGHPGLH3HULNRSHPLWGHP 2UWVZHFKVHO EHL /XNDV HLJHQWOLFK EHHQGHW LVW ¸ĤÌġË »ò ëĹÛË ¼ĊË ÈÂÇėÇÅ ĨÈšÊÌɼмŠ9 ZLUG QRFK HLQ *HVSUlFK -HVX PLW GHP 0DQQ DQJHIJW 'LHVHQ EH]HLFKQHW /XNDV H[SOL]LW QLFKW PHKU DOV %HVHVVHQHQ ZLH 0DUNXV VRQGHUQ DOV HLQHQ 0DQQ YRQ GHP GLH 'lPRQHQ DXVJHIDKUHQ ZDUHQ 9 0DUNXVELQGHWGDV*HVSUlFKKLQJHJHQLQGLH$EVFKOXVVV]HQHHLQLQGHPHUHLQH *OHLFK]HLWLJNHLW KHUVWHOOW ¸Ė ëŸţÅÇÅÌÇË ¸ĤÌÇı ȸɼÁŠÂ¼À ¸ĤÌġÅ ĝ »¸ÀÄÇÅÀÊ¿¼ĖË >@0N 'DV:HVHQWOLFKHDEHUWHLOHQ/XNDVXQG0DUNXV ZHQQDXFKLQMHXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHUFKDUDNWHULVWLVFKHU6SUDFKH-HVXVGHUGHP 0DQQGLH1DFKIROJHYHUZHKUWKlOWLKQDQQDFK+DXVH]XUFN]XNHKUHQXQG]X YHUNQGLJHQZHOFKJURH'LQJH*RWWDQLKPJHWDQKDEHE]ZZLH*RWWVLFK VHLQHU HUEDUPW KDEH 0N +LHU HUNHQQHQ ZLU ZLHGHU GDV =LHO DOOHU H[RU]LVWLVFKHQ3UD[LV-HVXXQGGDUEHUKLQDXVGLH5ROOHGHU%HVHVVHQHQGDULQ (VIlOOWNHLQ8UWHLOEHUGHQ0DQQNHLQH5HGHYRQ6FKXOG6KQHXQG%XH *RWWEHUZLQGHWGDVNRVPLVFKHhEHOGHPGLH0HQVFKHQDXVJHOLHIHUWVLQG 4.3.4 Die Heilung eines besessenen Knaben (Lk 9,37±43a) =XOHW]W VROO HLQ NXU]HU %OLFN DXI GLH +HLOXQJ GHV EHVHVVHQHQ .QDEHQ ± ZLHGHUXP HLQH 'UHLIDFKEHUOLHIHUXQJ YJO 0N ± 0W ± ± JHZRUIHQZHUGHQ+LHUXQWHUVFKHLGHQVLFKGLH7H[WHMHGRFKVWDUNYRQHLQDQGHU *HPHLQVDPLVWLKQHQGDVVGHU9DWHUXPGLH+HLOXQJVHLQHVEHVHVVHQHQ6RKQHV ELWWHWGHUHQGLH-QJHUQLFKWIlKLJZDUHQVRZLHGLHGDUDXIIROJHQGH.ODJH-HVX EHUGDVXQJOlXELJH*HVFKOHFKW,QWHUHVVDQWLVWZDV/XNDVQLFKWEHULFKWHW:R GLHVHU ZLH DXFK VRQVW GLH +HUUOLFKNHLW *RWWHV KLHU ÷ ļº¸Â¼ÀŦÌ¾Ë ÌÇı ¿¼Çı 9 DQIKUW YHUNQSIHQ 0DWWKlXV XQG 0DUNXV GHQ ([RU]LVPXV GLUHNW PLW *ODXEHXQG*HEHWÈŠÅ̸»ÍŸÌÛÌŊ ÈÀÊ̼ŧÇÅÌÀ 0N ÌÇıÌÇ ÌġºšÅÇËëÅ ÇĤ»¼ÅĖ»ŧŸ̸ÀëƼ¿¼ėżĊÄüLP(UVFKHLQHQEHJULIIHQ@ + 675(,%$UW'lPRQHQ*HLVWHU9,3UDNWLVFKWKHRORJLVFKLQ5** ± $D2 $D2(UVSULFKWLQ$QOHKQXQJDQ0D[:HEHUYRQEntzauberung6LHVHLQLFKWQXU HLQH$XIJDEHIUGLH6HHOVRUJHVRQGHUQDXFKIU3UHGLJWXQG5HOLJLRQVXQWHUULFKW'D]XJH QDXHU'(56(QW]DXEHUXQJGHU2NNXOWIDV]LQDWLRQ0DJLVFKHV'HQNHQXQG+DQGHOQLQGHU $GROHV]HQ]DOV+HUDXVIRUGHUXQJDQGLH3UDNWLVFKH7KHRORJLH.DPSHQ
Maike Schult
VRQGHUQ]XLKUHU%HDUEHLWXQJDQUHJHQXQGGLH%HWURIIHQHQGD]XEHIlKLJHQVLH DOV*HVWDOWHQHLQHVSULYDWHQ6\PEROV\VWHPV]XHUNHQQHQÄ'LHVHQZLUGLQVRO FKHU6\PEROLVLHUXQJGLH$QRQ\PLWlWJHQRPPHQ1DPHQXQG$XVGUXFNYHUOLH KHQ XQG VR HLQH JHZLVVH 'LVWDQ] JHVFKDIIHQ GLH V\PEROLVFKH XQG QDUUDWLYH %HDUEHLWXQJHUP|JOLFKW³ (LQHVROFKH%HDUEHLWXQJ DEHUEUDXFKW=HLWXQGGHU/HLGHQVGUXFNNDQQVR KRFKXQGGHU5HIOH[LRQVSUR]HVVVRNRPSOH[VHLQGDVVVLFK%HWURIIHQHVFKQHO OHUH DXFK HLQIDFKHUH /|VXQJHQ ZQVFKHQ 0DQFKH GLH VLFK QLFKW DXI HLQHQ ODQJZLHULJHQ3UR]HVVHLQODVVHQZROOHQHQWZLFNHOQGDKHUGHQ'UDQJLQHLQHP HLQPDOLJHQ$NWYRQLKUHP/HLGHQHUO|VW]XZHUGHQXQGZQVFKHQVLFKYRQGHU VHHOVRUJOLFKHQ %HJOHLWXQJ HWZDV ZDV DXV GHU NLUFKOLFKHQ 3UD[LV VFKRQ YHU VFKZXQGHQVFKLHQGLHH[RU]LVWLVFKH+LQDXVEHVFKZ|UXQJGLHVHU.UlIWH6REH REDFKWHW 5HLQKDUG +HPSHOPDQQ /HLWHU GHU (YDQJHOLVFKHQ =HQWUDOVWHOOH IU :HOWDQVFKDXXQJVIUDJHQ DXFK IU HLQH VlNXODULVLHUWH XQG UHDOLWlWVGRPLQLHUWH *HVHOOVFKDIW LP -DKU Ä,Q GHU VHHOVRUJHUOLFKHQ 3UD[LV YRQ 3IDUUHULQQHQ XQG 3IDUUHUQ HYDQJHOLVFKHU /DQGHVNLUFKHQ XQG )UHLNLUFKHQ EHJHJQHQ LPPHU ZLHGHU0HQVFKHQGLHVLFKVHOEVWIUEHVHVVHQKDOWHQXQGJHLVWOLFKHQ%HLVWDQG GXUFK H[RU]LVPXVDQDORJH 9RUJHKHQVZHLVHQ HUZDUWHQ³ $XFK 7UDXPDWLVLHUWH VFKHLQHQ IU VROFKH 5LWXDOH DQVSUHFKEDU REZRKO VLFK GLH GDPLW YHUEXQGHQH +RIIQXQJ DXI HLQH QDFKKDOWLJH %HIUHLXQJ PHLVW DOV ,OOXVLRQ HUZHLVW XQG GLH H[RU]LVWLVFKHQ 9HUIDKUHQ VRJDU VFKDGHQ N|QQHQ ZLH GLH 7KHRORJLQ .ULVWLQD $XJVW LP $QVFKOXVV DQ GLH 7UDXPDSV\FKRORJLQ 0LFKDHOD +XEHU GHXWOLFK
675(,%'lPRQHQ*HLVWHU '(56$UW([RU]LVPXV,,,3UDNWLVFKWKHRORJLVFKLQ5** I 0RGHUQHNLUFKOLFKH3UD[LVKDEHVLFKYRP([RU]LVPXVZHLWJHKHQGJHWUHQQW$XFKHLQHRIIL ]LHOOHNLUFKHQDPWOLFKH%HIDVVXQJPLWGHP7KHPDVHLLQGHQHYDQJHOLVFKHQ/DQGHVNLUFKHQ VHOWHQVR+/$035(&+7'DV7KHPD([RU]LVPXVLQGHUSIDUUDPWOLFKHQ3UD[LV(LQ)DOOLQ HLQHPFKDULVPDWLVFKJHSUlJWHQ8PIHOGLQ5+HPSHOPDQQ+J ([RU]LVPXV=XU5HQDLV VDQFH HLQHU XPVWULWWHQHQ 3UD[LV (=:7H[WH %HUOLQ ± ,Q GHU 3UDNWL VFKHQ7KHRORJLHVLQG*HLVWHUXQG'lPRQHQHLQ5DQGWKHPDPHLQW 675(,%'lPRQHQ*HL VWHU (LQH Ä$XVEUJHUXQJ³ GHV 2NNXOWHQ DXV GHU 7KHRORJLH LQVJHVDPW NRQVWDWLHUW 5 )(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQ5HOLJLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHH[HJHWLVFKHXQGKHUPHQHXWL VFKH$QPHUNXQJHQ]X7HXIHOXQG'lPRQHQLQ:+5LWWHU+6WUHLE+J 2NNXOWH)DV ]LQDWLRQ6\PEROHGHV%|VHQXQG3HUVSHNWLYHQGHU(QW]DXEHUXQJ7KHRORJLVFKHUHOLJLRQV VR]LRORJLVFKH XQG UHOLJLRQVSlGDJRJLVFKH $QQlKHUXQJHQ 1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\Q ± 5+(03(/0$11(LQIKUXQJLQ'HUV+J ([RU]LVPXV± (VNRPPH]ZDUNXU]IULVWLJ]XHLQHP*HIKOYRQ*OFN)ULHGHQXQG%HIUHLXQJHLQH ODQJIULVWLJH9HUEHVVHUXQJVWHOOHVLFKDEHUQLFKWHLQ6RGLH%HREDFKWXQJYRQ$.,&.Ä%H IUHLXQJVGLHQVW³XQGÄ9RUIDKUHQVFKXOG³LQGHU%HUDWXQJVSUD[LV'HU.DPSIGHU*HLVWHUD OV OHLEVR]LDOLVDWRULVFKH0DQDKPHLQ+HPSHOPDQQ+J ([RU]LVPXV±'LH5FN NHKUYRQXQJHO|VWHQ/HEHQVWKHPHQXQGÄVFKOHFKWHQ³*HIKOHQZLH8QUXKH=ZHLIHO7UDX ULJNHLWZHUGHGDQQDOV5FNNHKUGHU'lPRQHQJHGHXWHWXQGGHP%HWURIIHQHQVHOEVWDQJH ODVWHWGHUÄ(LQIDOOVWRUH³]XJHODVVHQXQGPRUDOLVFKH9HUIHKOXQJHQEHJDQJHQKDEH
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
PDFKW:HQQVLFKGLHLQQHUH'\QDPLNPLWH[RU]LVWLVFKHQ9RUVWHOOXQJHQYHU ELQGHWZLUGGLHGXUFKGDV7UDXPDHYR]LHUWH7lWHU2SIHU6SDOWXQJQHXEHOHEW 'LH %HWURIIHQHQ VFKZDQNHQ ]ZLVFKHQ HUOHUQWHU +LOIORVLJNHLW XQG $OOPDFKWV SKDQWDVLHQ6LHJODXEHQLP([RU]LVWHQHLQH7lWHU5HWWHU)LJXUYRUVLFK]XKD EHQGLHDQLKQHQDOV2EMHNW+HLOXQJYRQDXHQEHZLUNWXQGDXFKGDQQLQGLHVHU 5ROOHDN]HSWLHUWZLUGZHQQEHLGHU%HKDQGOXQJ3HUVRQHQJUHQ]HQEHUVFKULWWHQ XQG6FKPHU]HQHPSIXQGHQZHUGHQ'HQQQXUVRN|QQHÄGDVÃ%|VHµ±RIWPDOV SHUVRQLIL]LHUWDOV'lPRQRGHU7HXIHOJHGDFKW±DXVJHWULHEHQ³XQGGDVÄ.DPSI IHOG³GDVHLJHQH,FKYRPGlPRQLVFKHQ*HLVWJHUHLQLJWZHUGHQ =LHOGHU%H KDQGOXQJLVW GDPLWQLFKWGLHIntegrationDEJHVSDOWHQHU6HOEVWDQWHLOHVRQGHUQ ExklusionGHUJHZDOWVDPH$XVVWRGHV)UHPGHQDXVGHP6HOEVW 9RUDOOHPLQSHQWHNRVWDOHQXQGFKDULVPDWLVFKHQ%HZHJXQJHQKDEHQH[RU ]LVWLVFKH3UDNWLNHQKLHUÄ%HIUHLXQJVGLHQVW³ JHQDQQWHLQHKRKH%HGHXWXQJ ZLHVLFKQLFKWQXUDQGHQ.LUFKHQLQ$IULND$VLHQXQG/DWHLQDPHULNDEHREDFK WHQOlVVWVRQGHUQDXFKLQYLHOHQ*HPHLQGHQ(XURSDVGLHGXUFK0LVVLRQVWlWLJ NHLW XQG 0LJUDWLRQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOHU ZHUGHQ XQG 'HXWXQJVPXVWHU DXV DQGHUHQ NXOWXUHOOHQ .RQWH[WHQ DXIQHKPHQ XPIRUPHQ XQG ]X ÄK\EULGH>Q@ :HOWHQ³ YHUVFKPHO]HQ 'LH :DKUQHKPXQJ GHU :HOW ZLUG GDEHL DEHU QLFKW XQEHGLQJW GLIIHUHQ]LHUWHUVRQGHUQIROJWGXDOLVWLVFKHQ$XIVSDOWXQJHQ'DV/HEHQZLUGDOV .DPSISODW]JHGHXWHWDQGHPGLH.UlIWH*RWWHV ULQJHQ PLW GHQ0lFKWHQGHV %|VHQGLHSHUVRQDOJHGDFKWZHUGHQXQGLKUHUVHLWVXPGLH0HQVFKHQVWUHLWHQ ZDVVLFKDOVHLQHÃGlPRQLVFKH%HODVWXQJµlXHUWGLHN|USHUOLFKXQGVHHOLVFK HUIDKUHQZLUG$OV8UVDFKHVROFKHU%HODVWXQJHQJHOWHQGHU.RQWDNWPLWDQGHUHQ 5HOLJLRQHQ RNNXOWH 3UDNWLNHQ PRUDOLVFKHV )HKOYHUKDOWHQ DEHU DXFK +RUR VNRSH OHVHQXQG GLHVRJHQDQQWHÄ9RUIDKUHQVFKXOG³GLHLQ$QOHKQXQJDQ([
.$8*67$XIGHP:HJ]XHLQHUWUDXPDJHUHFKWHQ7KHRORJLH5HOLJL|VH$VSHNWHLQGHU 7UDXPDWKHUDSLH±(OHPHQWHKHLOVDPHUUHOLJL|VHU3UD[LV6WXWWJDUWILP$QVFKOXVV DQ0+XEHUGLH([RU]LVPHQJUXQGVlW]OLFKDEOHKQWZHLOVLFK3HUV|QOLFKNHLWVDQWHLOHQXULQ WHJULHUHQQLFKWYHUQLFKWHQODVVHQ $D2 $XFKLPU|PLVFKHQ.DWKROL]LVPXVJHK|UWGHU([RU]LVPXV]XUUHOLJL|VHQ3UD[LV+(0 3(/0$11(LQIKUXQJ 6R MHGHQIDOOV GLH ÄÃ9LVLRQµ³ YRQ $' 48$$6 %HIUHLXQJVGLHQVW XQG LQWHUNXOWXUHOOH 6HHOVRUJHLQ+HPSHOPDQQ+J ([RU]LVPXV±6LHVLHKWGDV([RU]LVPXV7KHPD ]ZDULQGHQ6HHOVRUJHNRQ]HSWHQYRQ(GXDUG7KXUQH\VHQ-RDFKLP6FKDUIHQEHUJXQG0DQ IUHG-RVXWWLVDQJHOHJWYHUPXWHWDEHUEHLGHQ6HHOVRUJHQGHQGHUÄ*URNLUFKHQ³NDXP(UIDK UXQJ LP 8PJDQJ PLW 'lPRQHQ XQG OHJW LKQHQ GDUXP QDKH EHLSILQJVWOHULVFKFKDULVPDWL VFKHQ3DVWRUHQXQG3DVWRULQQHQ%HUDWXQJXQG6XSHUYLVLRQ]XVXFKHQDD2 +(03(/0$11(LQIKUXQJ
Maike Schult
EHUGLH*HQHUDWLRQHQKLQZHJYHUHUEWZHUGHXQGGHQ'lPRQHQHLQÃ(LQ IDOOVWRUµ ELHWH XP IUKHUH 6FKXOG ÄÃ%OXWOLQLHQµ6FKXOG³ HLQ]XKROHQ 8P GLHVH0lFKWH]XUFN]XGUlQJHQJUHLIWPDQ]XH[RU]LVWLVFKHQ3UDNWLNHQXQGEH UXIWVLFKGDIUDXIGLH'lPRQHQDXVWUHLEXQJHQÄZLHVLHLQGHQ(YDQJHOLHQDOV =HLFKHQ GHU EHIUHLHQGHQ 1lKH *RWWHV LP +DQGHOQ -HVX EHULFKWHW ZHUGHQ³ 7DWVlFKOLFKIKUWGLHVHU:HJQXUVHOWHQLQ)UHLKHLW(UHYR]LHUWYLHOPHKUQHXH $EKlQJLJNHLW$QJVWXQG=HUVW|UXQJ 'HUKLHUSUDNWL]LHUWH8PJDQJPLWGHP Ã%|VHQµ VR $QQHWWH .LFN :HOWDQVFKDXXQJVEHDXIWUDJWH GHU (YDQJHOLVFKHQ /DQGHVNLUFKHLQ:UWWHPEHUJVHLGDUXPÄHLQHVGHU+DXSWWKHPHQLQGHU%HUD WXQJ XQG 6HHOVRUJH PLW 0HQVFKHQ GLH PLW VROFKHQ *HPHLQGHQ LQ .RQIOLNWH NRPPHQRGHUDXVJHVWLHJHQVLQG³ ZHLOVLHGLHH[RU]LVWLVFKHQ9HUIDKUHQXQG GDVGDPLWYHUEXQGHQH 9HUKDOWHQGHU*HPHLQGHDOVEHXQUXKLJHQGYHUVW|UHQG RGHUÄJHUDGH]XWUDXPDWLVFK³ HUOHEWKDEHQ )UHLQHSDVWRUDOSV\FKRORJLVFKXQGGDPLW KHUPHQHXWLVFK RULHQWLHUWH7UDX PDVHHOVRUJHVWHOOWVLFKGLH)UDJHZLHGHPH[RU]LVWLVFKHQ%HJHKUHQ]XEHJHJ QHQLVW:DVWXQPLW0HQVFKHQGLHHLQHQ/HLGHQVGUXFNKDEHQXQGVLFKGLHVHQ PLW=XVFKUHLEXQJHQHUNOlUHQGLHPDQYRQVHLQHUHLJHQHQ7UDGLWLRQKHUVFKRQ IUÃHUOHGLJWµ JHKDOWHQKDW":LHODVVHQVLFKGLHPLWGHP([RU]LVPXVYHUEXQ GHQHQ %HGUIQLVVH YHUVWHKHQ" :HOFKH DOWHUQDWLYHQ 'HXWXQJHQ NDQQ PDQ DQ ELHWHQ XP GLH TXlOHQGH 8QUXKH XQG LQQHUH %HGUlQJQLV ]X SODXVLELOLVLHUHQ RKQH VLH HLQHU EHUQDWUOLFKHQ 0DFKW ]X]XVFKUHLEHQ" 0LW 5HLQKDUG )HOG
.,&.Ä%HIUHLXQJVGLHQVW³XQGÄ9RUIDKUHQVFKXOG³LQGHU%HUDWXQJVSUD[LV $D2±%HVRQGHUVGLHÄ1D]L6FKXOG³DOVVSH]LILVFKGHXWVFKH9DULDQWHGHU9RU IDKUHQVFKXOGKDW.RQMXQNWXU6RZLUEWGLH7ELQJHU726*HPHLQGHSURPLQHQWDP0DUNW SODW]YHUWUHWHQIUGLH$XIDUEHLWXQJGHV1DWLRQDOVR]LDOLVPXVXQGYHUDQVWDOWHW+HLOXQJVJRW WHVGLHQVWHLQGHQHQGLHWUDQVJHQHUDWLRQDOH9HUVWULFNXQJNXU]HUKDQGDXIJHO|VWZLUGDD2 $XFKPLFKPDFKWHQ6WXGLHUHQGHGLHZlKUHQGPHLQHU3URIHVVXUYHUWUHWXQJLP6RPPHU VHPHVWHUHLQ6HPLQDU]XU7UDXPDVHHOVRUJHDQGHU7KHRORJLVFKHQ)DNXOWlWGHU(EHUKDUG .DUOV8QLYHUVLWlWEHVXFKWHQDXIGLHVHV$QJHERWDXIPHUNVDPXQGHUEDWHQVLFKHLQH(LQVFKlW ]XQJGHV%XFKHVYRQ726*UQGHU-%,771(5'LH'HFNHGHV6FKZHLJHQV7ELQJHQ 'HQ6WXGLHUHQGHQGLHVHV6HPLQDUVVHLGDUXPGHUYRUOLHJHQGH%HLWUDJ KHU]OLFK]X JHHLJQHW +(03(/0$11(LQIKUXQJ 9JOGLH)DOOEHLVSLHOHEHL/$035(&+7'DV7KHPD([RU]LVPXVLQGHUSIDUUDPWOLFKHQ 3UD[LV XQG .,&. Ä%HIUHLXQJVGLHQVW³ XQG Ä9RUIDKUHQVFKXOG³ LQ GHU %HUDWXQJVSUD[LV 6LH NRQVWDWLHUWDD2HLQH9HUELQGXQJYRQ'lPRQHQOHKUHXQGDXWRULWlUJHIKUWHQ*HPHLQ GHVWUXNWXUHQXQGDXFK$8*67$XIGHP:HJ]XHLQHUWUDXPDJHUHFKWHQ7KHRORJLHVLHKW H[RU]LVWLVFKH9RUVWHOOXQJHQYRUDOOHPLQÄDXWRULWlUJHSUlJWHQ5HOLJLRQVW\SHQ³YHUEUHLWHW .,&.Ä%HIUHLXQJVGLHQVW³XQGÄ9RUIDKUHQVFKXOG³LQGHU%HUDWXQJVSUD[LV $D2 9JOGD]XGHQV\VWHPDWLVFKWKHRORJLVFKHQ%HLWUDJYRQ3KLOLSS'DYLGLQGLHVHP%DQG 'DULQVLHKW 675(,% ([RU]LVPXVGDV9HUGLHQVWYRQ6FKDUIHQEHUJVSDVWRUDOSV\ FKRORJLVFKHP(QWZXUIGHQHUDP)DOOGHUDQÃGlPRQLVFKHU%HVHVVHQKHLWµHUNUDQNWHQ*RWW OLHELQ'LWWXVDXVGHU6HHOVRUJHSUD[LVGHV3IDUUHUV-RKDQQ&KULVWRSK%OXPKDUGW
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
PHLHUVFKODJHLFKYRUQLFKWVFKRQGHQ%OLFNDXIGLH'lPRQHQ]XÄGLVNUHGLWLH UHQ³RGHUGLH)UDJHQVHOEVW]XÄÃGlPRQLVLHUHQµ³ VRQGHUQ]XHUNXQGHQZRULQ GHU =XVDPPHQKDQJ ]ZLVFKHQ 7UDXPD XQG 'lPRQHQ EHVWHKHQ PDJ ZDV GHU *UXQGIUGLHGHU]HLWLJHÄ5HQDLVVDQFH³ H[RU]LVWLVFKHU3UDNWLNHQVHLQN|QQWH XQGREHVDQGHUHVJLEWGDVGLH*HLVWHU]XP6FKZHLJHQEULQJWXQGGHQ6WXUP ]XU5XKH
'LHGlPRQLVFKH.UDIWGHV7UDXPDV 7UDXPDWLVFKH (UIDKUXQJHQ VLQG (UHLJQLVVH YRQ XQJHKHXUHU :XFKW XQG H[LV WHQ]EHGURKHQGHU9HUQLFKWXQJVNUDIW6LHGULQJHQYRQDXHQLQGLH%HWURIIHQHQ HLQHUVFKWWHUQLKU6HOEVWXQG:HOWYHUVWlQGQLVEULQJHQGLHlXHUH:HOWDXV GHQ)XJHQXQGGHQLQQHUHQ5DXPDXVGHP/RW6LHN|QQHQVLFKVHTXHQWLHOOXQG NXPXODWLYEHUOlQJHUH=HLWDXIEDXHQ'RFKPHLVWNRPPHQVLHSO|W]OLFKXQG XQHUZDUWHWVRGDVVPDQVLFKQLFKWGDUDXIHLQVWHOOHQXQGQLFKWGDJHJHQZHKUHQ NDQQ (V VLQG *UHQ]YHUOHW]XQJHQ GLH GDV ,FK EHUIOXWHQ GLH VLFKHUH 8QWHU VFKHLGXQJYRQ,QQHQXQG$XHQYHUVW|UHQVLFKNDXPEHJUHLIHQXQGNDXPEH JULIIOLFKIDVVHQODVVHQ-DLP*UXQGHVLQGHVZHGHU(UHLJQLVVHQRFK(UIDKUXQ JHQZHLOGLH0|JOLFKNHLWGDV*HVFKHKHQ ]XYHUVSUDFKOLFKHQHV]XV\PEROL VLHUHQ]XP$XVGUXFN]XEULQJHQXQGDOV(ULQQHUXQJDE]XOHJHQVHOEVWDQLKUH *UHQ]HQ NRPPW 0DQ VSULFKW GDUXP DXFK YRQ HLQHP Ä:LGHUIDKUQLV³ RGHU Ä(UOHLGQLV³ GDVMHGHQ 0HQVFKHQ WUHIIHQ NDQQ DOV 8QIDOO hEHUIDOO 9HUJH ZDOWLJXQJ$WWHQWDWRGHU.ULHJ6RGHILQLHUWGDVVRJHQDQQWH7UDXPDNULWHULXP 7UDXPDWDDOVÄ*HVFKHKHQYRQDXHUJHZ|KQOLFKHU%HGURKXQJPLWNDWDVWURSKD OHP$XVPDGLHQDKH]XEHLMHGHPWLHIJUHLIHQGH9HU]ZHLIOXQJDXVO|VHQ³ZU GHQE]ZDOVÄHLQ(UHLJQLVRGHU(UHLJQLVVHGLHHLQH.RQIURQWDWLRQPLWWDWVlFK
DXIJH]RJHQKDW6FKDUIHQEHUJKDEHGDULQGLH)UDJHQDFKGHU0DFKWGHV:RUWHVSUDNWLVFK WKHRORJLVFK QHX JHVWHOOW XQG JH]HLJW ZLH GLH 7UDGLWLRQ GHV ([RU]LVPXV ]HLWJHPl EHHUEW ZHUGHQNDQQ'D]XDXFK $ 0 67(,10(,(56SUDFKJHZLQQhEHUOHJXQJHQLP$QVFKOXVV DQ-RDFKLP 6FKDUIHQEHUJLQ , 1RWK&KU 0RUJHQWKDOHU+J 6HHOVRUJH XQG3V\FKRDQD O\VH6WXWWJDUW± )(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQ 9JOGHQ8QWHUWLWHOYRQ+HPSHOPDQQ+J ([RU]LVPXV'(56(LQOHLWXQJVLHKWLP (UVWDUNHQ H[RU]LVWLVFKHU 5LWXDOH HLQ JOREDOHV 3KlQRPHQ GHVVHQ Ä3RSXODULVLHUXQJ³ DXFK GXUFKPHGLDOH,QV]HQLHUXQJHQIRUFLHUWZLUG *+6(,'/(53V\FKRWUDXPDWRORJLH'DV/HKUEXFK6WXWWJDUW $D2'HQ%HJULIIÄ(UOHLGQLV³KDWYRUJHVFKODJHQ-35((0760$9HUWUDXHQXQG *HZDOW9HUVXFKEHUHLQHEHVRQGHUH.RQVWHOODWLRQGHU0RGHUQH+DPEXUJ
Maike Schult
OLFKHP RGHUGURKHQGHP7RGRGHU HUQVWKDIWHU 9HUOHW]XQJ RGHU *HIDKU IUHL JHQHRGHUIUHPGHN|USHUOLFKH8QYHUVHKUWKHLWEHLQKDOWHQ³ 'DV7UDXPDKLQ WHUOlVVWHLQHQVHHOLVFKHQÄ$EGUXFN³ GHUIUHPGHUVFKHLQWXQGVLFKVFKZHULQ WHJULHUHQOlVVWXQGZLUGLQVHLQHU:LUNXQJYHUVWlUNWZHQQHVYRQ0HQVFKHQ YHUXUVDFKWZXUGHVRJHQDQQWHman made disastersLP8QWHUVFKLHG]X1DWXUND WDVWURSKHQRGHUWHFKQLVFKHQ8QIlOOHQ ZHQQHVDEVLFKWVYROOXQGDUJOLVWLJJH VFKDKOlQJHUDQKlOWRGHUVLFKZLHGHUKROW 'LH$WWULEXLHUXQJVROFKHU(UOHLG QLVVHDOVÄGlPRQLVFK³NDQQGDQQ]XQlFKVWHLQPDOGHU9HUVXFKVHLQGLH.UDIW GHV7UDXPDV EHUKDXSW ]X DUWLNXOLHUHQ ÄGLH XQKHLPOLFKH 8QEHUHFKHQEDUNHLW GHVÃ%|VHQµ]XYHUVWHKHQ³ XQGVLFKGLHXQIDVVOLFKH1HJDWLYLWlWGHU6LWXDWLRQ EHU3HUVRQDOLVLHUXQJ]XJlQJOLFK]XPDFKHQ =XU3V\FKRG\QDPLNGHV7UDXPDV JHK|UHQDEHUDXFKVSH]LILVFKH)ROJHVW| UXQJHQGLHHLQHJHZLVVH6FKQLWWPHQJHPLWGHP'lPRQLVFKHQ XQGGHP3Kl QRPHQGHU%HVHVVHQKHLWKDEHQLQGHPVLHGLH%HWURIIHQHQbesetztXQGLQLKUHU Ä7UDXPDZHOW³ gefangen KDOWHQ .UlIWH binden XQG $XIPHUNVDPNHLW bannen7URW]LKUHU'HVWUXNWLYLWlW ZLUNHQVLHHLJHQWPOLFKYLWDOXQGVFKHLQHQ
,Q $XIQDKPH YRQ ,&' :HOWJHVXQGKHLWVRUJDQLVDWLRQ XQG $33 $PHULFDQ 3V\FKLDWULF$VVRFLDWLRQ $0$(5&.(56\PSWRPDWLN.ODVVLILNDWLRQXQG(SLGHPLR ORJLHLQ'HUV+J 3RVWWUDXPDWLVFKH%HODVWXQJVVW|UXQJHQYROOVWlQGLJEHUEHDUEHLWHWH XQGDNWXDOLVLHUWH$XIODJH0LW$EELOGXQJHQXQG7DEHOOHQ%HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJ ± 6(,'/(53V\FKRWUDXPDWRORJLH $XFKLVW]XEHGHQNHQGDVV0HQVFKHQQLFKWQXUGXUFKGDVWUDXPDWLVLHUWZHUGHQZDV LKQHQVHOEVWZLGHUIlKUWVRQGHUQDXFKGXUFKGDVZDVVLHDQ/HLGEHLDQGHUHQVHKHQEH]HXJHQ RGHULQKHOIHQGHQ%HUXIHQEHJOHLWHQ )(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQÄ'LH5HGHYRP7HXIHOXQGGHQ'lPRQHQLVW VR DOV $XVGUXFN IU GLH XQKHLPOLFKH 8QEHUHFKHQEDUNHLW GHV Ã%|VHQµ ]X YHUVWHKHQ :HQQ PDQVRZLOOVRKDQGHOWHVVLFKXP3HUVRQLILNDWLRQHQGHVLQVHLQHU1HJDWLYLWlWQLFKWHLJHQWOLFK %HJUHLIEDUHQGDVQLFKWGXUFK(UNOlUXQJHQYHUKDUPORVWRGHUGXUFK6\VWHPDWLVLHUXQJHQLQV :HOWJDQ]H HLQJHRUGQHW XQG VR ZHQLJVWHQV EHGLQJW JHUHFKWIHUWLJW ZHUGHQ GDUI ,Q GLHVHU :HLVHLVWGLHELEOLVFKH5HGHYRQGHQ0lFKWHQGHV%|VHQHUQVW]XQHKPHQ³DD2 )HOGPHLHU PHUNW DQ GDVV GDV $WWULEXW ÄGlPRQLVFK³ QLFKW QXU LQ UHOLJL|VHQ VRQGHUQ DXFKLQSURIDQHQ=XVDPPHQKlQJHQYHUZHQGHWZLUG(VVWHKWGDQQIUSHUV|QOLFKHXQGJH VHOOVFKDIWOLFKH.ULVHQGLHXQIDVVOLFKXQGVFKZHU]XYHUVSUDFKOLFKHQVLQGDD2I 6(,'/(53V\FKRWUDXPDWRORJLH 'DKHU+6&+277Ä'DVlOWHVWH.RQ]HSWGHVSV\FKLVFKHQ 7UDXPDVLVWGLHÃ%HVHVVHQ KHLWµGLH%HVLW]HUJUHLIXQJHLQHV0HQVFKHQGXUFKE|VH*HLVWHULQVEHVRQGHUH.UDQNKHLWVGl PRQHQ³9JO'(56'DVSV\FKLVFKH7UDXPDLQPHGL]LQKLVWRULVFKHU3HUVSHNWLYH±YRQ3D UDFHOVXV]X)UHXGLQ*+6HLGOHU:8(FNDUW+J 9HUOHW]WH6HHOHQ0|JOLFKNHLWHQXQG 3HUVSHNWLYHQHLQHUKLVWRULVFKHQ7UDXPDIRUVFKXQJ*LHHQ± *),6&+(535,('(66(5/HKUEXFKGHU3V\FKRWUDXPDWRORJLHDNWXDOLVLHUWHXQGHU ZHLWHUWH $XIODJH 0LW $EELOGXQJHQ XQG 7DEHOOHQ 0QFKHQ 3V\FKLVFKHV 7UDXPD LVW HLQ ÄYLWDOHV 'LVNUHSDQ]HUOHEQLV ]ZLVFKHQ EHGURKOLFKHQ 6LWXDWLRQVIDNWRUHQ XQG GHQ LQGLYLGXHOOHQ %HZlOWLJXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ GDV PLW *HIKOHQ YRQ +LOIORVLJNHLW XQG VFKXW]ORVHU3UHLVJDEHHLQKHUJHKWXQGVRHLQHGDXHUKDIWH(UVFKWWHUXQJYRQ6HOEVWXQG:HOW YHUVWlQGQLVEHZLUNW³
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
PLWHLQHP.UDIWIHOGYHUEXQGHQGDVinfiziertanstecktRGHUüberspringt±YRQ ,QGLYLGXXP]X,QGLYLGXXPYRQ*HQHUDWLRQ]X*HQHUDWLRQ(VKDQGHOWVLFKGD EHLXPYHUIROJHQGH%LOGHUZLHGHUNHKUHQGH$OSWUlXPH HUXSWLYDXIEUHFKHQGH IODVKEDFNV 6SDOWXQJVSUR]HVVH 'LVVR]LDWLRQHQ XQG VRJHQDQQWH ,QWURMHNWH )UHPGN|USHULPHLJHQHQ,FKGLHSHUVRQDOXQGZHVHQKDIWHUVFKHLQHQDEHUDXFK EUXFKVWFNKDIWVHLQN|QQHQZLHÄ,QIRUPDWLRQVVSOLWWHU³GLHVLFKQLFKWLQ9HU WUDXWHVLQWHJULHUHQXQGQLFKWLQVLQQKDIWH=XVDPPHQKlQJHEULQJHQODVVHQ*H UDGHZHLOVLFKGLHEHWURIIHQH3HUVRQGLH,QWURMHNWHQLFKW]X(LJHQPDFKHQNDQQ VLQGVLHG\QDPLVFKLQLKU ZLUNVDPXQGEHUQHKPHQLPÄ0RPHQWGHU$XVO| VFKXQJGHU6HOEVWEHVWLPPXQJXQG6HOEVWZLUNVDPNHLWGHVYRUPDOLJHQ6XEMHNWV >«@ PHKU RGHU ZHQLJHU YROOVWlQGLJ GLH 5HJLH LP SV\FKLVFKHQ +DXVKDOW GHV 7UDXPDRSIHUV'LHVH(UIDKUXQJLVWNXOWXUHOOQLFKWQHX9LHOHPZDVIUKHUÃ%H VHVVHQKHLWµJHQDQQWZXUGHGUI>W@HGDV]XJUXQGHOLHJHQZDVKHXWHÃ,QWURMHNW ELOGXQJµKHLW³ 6ROFKH ,QWURMHNWH KDEHQ LQ GHU 5HJHO HLQH VR ÄKRKH /DGXQJ GHVWUXNWLYHU (QHUJLH³GDVVVLHQLFKWDXIGHQVHHOLVFKHQ5DXPGHUEHWURIIHQHQ3HUVRQEH VFKUlQNW EOHLEHQ VRQGHUQ VLFK LQWHUDNWLRQHOO DXVGHKQHQ LKU *HJHQEHU ÃDQ VSULQJHQµXQGGRUWHEHQIDOOVK\SHUDURXVDOH=XVWlQGHHYR]LHUHQQHUY|VHhEHU HUUHJXQJHQDOVRYRQGHQHQPDQVLFKDOV$QJHK|ULJHURGHUSURIHVVLRQHOOHU%H JOHLWHUQXUODQJVDPHUKROW,QGHU6HHOVRUJHNDQQVLFKGDVHWZDGDULQ]HLJHQ GDVVGLH6LJQDOH GHV.OLHQWHQIU1lKHRGHU'LVWDQ]UDVFKZHFKVHOQXQGGLH 6HHOVRUJHULQLPHLQHQ$XJHQEOLFNDOVÄ5HWWHULQ³JHSULHVHQLPQlFKVWHQGlPR QLVLHUW XQG DOV YHUIROJHQG HUOHEW ZLUG ,QWURMHNWH VLQG GDUEHU KLQDXV DXFK & 63,7=(5+ - )5(HQJO@'DULQKDWGHU3V\FKLDWHUGDVEHUVHUNHUKDIWH9HUKDO WHQGHU9LHWQDPVROGDWHQPLW$FKLOOYHUJOLFKHQXQGGHQDQWLNHQ7H[WDOV'HXWXQJVKLOIHIU VHLQH$UEHLWPLWGHQNULHJVWUDXPDWLVLHUWHQ9HWHUDQHQJHQXW]W 9JOHWZDGHQ6DPPHOEDQGYRQ(%URQIHQ%5(UGOH6:HLJHO+J 7UDXPD=ZL VFKHQ3V\FKRDQDO\VHXQGNXOWXUHOOHP'HXWXQJVPXVWHU.|OQ:HLPDU:LHQ 9JO HWZD 8 %$,/ *HJHQ GDV 6FKZHLJHQ NODJHQ (LQH LQWHUWH[WXHOOH 6WXGLH]X GHQ .ODJHSVDOPHQ3VXQG3VXQGGHU(U]lKOXQJYRQGHU9HUJHZDOWLJXQJ7DPDUV*WHUVORK >'LVV@ ) &5h6(0$11 'HU *HZDOW QLFKW JODXEHQ +LREEXFK XQG .ODJHSVDOPHQ ± ]ZHL0RGHOOHWKHRORJLVFKHU9HUDUEHLWXQJWUDXPDWLVFKHU*HZDOWHUIDKUXQJHQLQ&UVHPDQQ HWDO+J 'HP7RGQLFKWJODXEHQ±H[SOL]LWDQJHUHJWGXUFK6KD\VÄ$FKLOO³ 5 -267'HERUDLQGHUQHXHQ:HOWLQDD2±0 )$1'(5Ä0HLQ*RWWPHLQ*RWW ZDUXPKDVWGXPLFKYHUODVVHQ"³0N .ULHJV 7UDXPDWLVLHUXQJDOV7KHPDGHV0DU NXVHYDQJHOLXPV LQ ( 0ROWPDQQ:HQGHO5 .LUFKKRII +J &KULVWRORJLH LP /HEHQVEH ]XJ *|WWLQJHQ ± 5 326(5 'DV (]HFKLHOEXFK DOV 7UDXPD/LWHUDWXU 976 /HLGHQ%RVWRQ >'LVV@ (0 %HFNHU- 'RFKKRUQ( .UDJHOXQG +ROW +J 7UDXPDDQG7UDXPDWL]DWLRQLQ,QGLYLGXDODQG&ROOHFWLYH'LPHQVLRQV,QVLJKWVIURP%LEOLFDO 6WXGLHVDQG%H\RQG6$1W *|WWLQJHQ%ULVWRO ' 0 &$55+RO\5HVLOLHQFH7KH %LEOH¶V7UDXPDWLF2ULJLQV1HZ+DYHQ/RQGRQ0 * %5(773ROLWLFDO7UDXPDDQG +HDOLQJ%LEOLFDO(WKLFVIRUD3RVWFRORQLDO:RUOG*UDQG5DSLGV0LFKLJDQ /678/0$15HDGLQJWKH%LEOHWKURXJKWKH/HQVRI7UDXPDDQG$UWLQ%HFNHU'RFK KRUQ.UDJHOXQG+ROW+J 7UDXPDDQG7UDXPDWL]DWLRQLQ,QGLYLGXDODQG&ROOHFWLYH'LPHQ VLRQV±(%RDVH&KU*)UHFKHWWH+J %LEOHWKURXJKWKH/HQVRI7UDXPD6HPHLD 6WXGLHV $WODQWD 0 0('LVV@ )(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQ 5 326(5+HLOVDPHV(U]lKOHQ"6FKZHLJHQXQG6SUHFKHQLP0DUNXVHYDQJHOLXP-. IXQWHU5FNJULIIDXI)$1'(5Ä0HLQ*RWWPHLQ*RWWZDUXPKDVWGXPLFK YHUODVVHQ"³±'LH'HXWXQJGHU(U]lKOXQJDOV7UDXPD1DFKKDOOILQGHWVLFKDXFKEHL * 7+(,(1(UOHEHQXQG9HUKDOWHQGHUHUVWHQ&KULVWHQ(LQH3V\FKRORJLHGHV8UFKULVWHQ WXPV*WHUVORK±GHUGDV7UDXPDGHV*HUDVHQHUVHEHQIDOOVGXUFKU|PL VFKH6ROGDWHQDXVJHO|VWVLHKWXQGEHL&+5675(&.(5'LH:LUNOLFKNHLWGHU'lPRQHQ%|VH *HLVWHULP$OWHUWXPXQGLQGHQ([RU]LVPHQ-HVXLQ0(EQHUHWDO+J 'DV%|VH-%7K 1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\Q± 326(5+HLOVDPHV(U]lKOHQLP2ULJLQDONXUVLY (UHQWVSULFKWGDPLWGHP9RUVFKODJYRQ0DULD(OLVDEHWK$LJQHU7UDXPDWLVLHUWHLP$Q VFKOXVV DQ 9LFWRU 7XUQHU XQG $UQROG YDQ *HQQHS DOV Schwellenwesen ]X YHUVWHKHQ GLH
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
GHV'lPRQV YHUERUJHQ'HU%HVHVVHQHKDW ÄHLQH/HJLRQ³LQVLFKHLQH 0LOL WlUHLQKHLW GHU5|PHU DOVRGLHGDV-HUXVDOHPHU8PODQG]XU=HLW-HVXELV]XU 7HPSHO]HUVW|UXQJ LP -DKU Q &KU EUXWDO EHODJHUW XQG YHUZVWHW KlWWHQ $OVHLQHVGHUYLHOHQQDPHQORVHQ2SIHUGLHVHV%HODJHUXQJVNULHJHVVLHKWVLHGHQ *HUDVHQHUGHUYRQGHU.ULHJVJHZDOWGXUFKGUXQJHQVHL$XVLKPVSUHFKHQRFK GLH6WLPPHGHV7lWHUVGHULKQJDQ]HLQJHQRPPHQKDEHVHOEVWDEHUYHUERUJHQ EOHLEWXQGQXULQVHLQHQ)ROJHQVLFKWEDUZLUG'LHVHVTäterintrojektZLHPDQ VDJHQ N|QQWH KlOW GLH ,GHQWLWlW GHV 0DQQHV EHVHW]W ZLH HLQ 3DUDVLW VHLQHQ :LUW (V YHUVFKOlJW LKP GLH 6SUDFKH HYR]LHUW XQNRQWUROOLHUWH ,PSXOVH XQG DJJUHVVLYH(QWODGXQJHQPLWGHQHQVLFKGHU*HUDVHQHUVHOEVWJHIlKUGHWXQGIU GLHHUYRQVHLQHU8PZHOWDXVJHJUHQ]WZLUGZHLOHVLKUQLFKWJHOLQJWGLH.UlIWH ]XElQGLJHQXQGGHQ%HVHVVHQHQÃLQGHQ*ULIIµ]XEHNRPPHQ(UVWLQGHU%H JHJQXQJPLW-HVXVPHOGHWVLFKGDVYHUORUHQH,FK]XUFNXQGOlXIWGLHVHPHQW JHJHQZlKUHQGVLFKGLHXQVLFKWEDUH6FKDUVWLPPJHZDOWLJHU*HLVWHU]XZHKUHQ XQGPLWGHP([RU]LVWHQLKUZHLWHUHV6FKLFNVDODXV]XKDQGHOQVXFKW7DWVlFKOLFK HUODXEW-HVXVGHUGlPRQLVFKHQ/HJLRQLQHLQH+HUGH6FKZHLQH]XIDKUHQXQG
betwixt and between]XNHLQHU6HLWHJDQ]JHK|UHQ]XU:HOWGHU/HEHQGHQQLFKWXQGQLFKW ]XU:HOWGHU7RWHQ0 ( $,*1(5/HEHQQDFKGHU.DWDVWURSKH7UDXPDXQG7UDXPDWLVLH UXQJDOV+HUDXVIRUGHUXQJIUGLH6HHOVRUJHLQ6W= ±bKQOLFK675( &.(5'LH:LUNOLFKNHLWGHU'lPRQHQ'LH*UDEK|KOHQLQ0NHQWVSUHFKHQÄGHUNODV VLVFKHQ$VVR]LLHUXQJGHU'lPRQHQPLWGHU]LYLOLVDWRULVFKHQ3HULSKHULHXQGGHQ6FKZHOOHQ EHUHLFKHQGHV/HEHQV³ $D2WUHQQW6WUHFNHUpsychologische'HXWXQJHQGHU%HVHVVHQKHLWÄDOV%HZlOWL JXQJVPHFKDQLVPXVEHLSHUV|QOLFKHQ.ULVHQVRZLHWUDXPDWLVFKHQ(UIDKUXQJHQ³YRQGHU soziopolitischen 'HXWXQJ ÄDOV VXEYHUVLYHU 3URWHVW E]Z 6\PEROKDQGOXQJ ]XU 'XUFKVHW]XQJ GHU 5HFKWH XQWHUGUFNWHU 0LQGHUKHLWHQ³%HL 7UDXPDNRPPW DEHUEHLGHV]XVDPPHQ ZHLO 7UDXPDLP8QWHUVFKLHG]XU1HXURVHHWZDvon außenXQGrealLQGX]LHUWLVWHKHHVLQQHUSV\ FKLVFKH)ROJHQKDWXQGGDPLWLQGLYLGXHOOHXQGJHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKVWUXNWXUHOOH$VSHNWHYHUELQ GHW )U)(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQLVW/HJLRQNHLQSHUV|QOLFKHU(LJHQQDPH VRQGHUQ &KLIIUH IU GLH 9LHOKHLW GHU 'lPRQHQ GLH NHLQH 3HUV|QOLFKNHLWHQ KDEHQ XQG QXU *DWWXQJVZHVHQVHLHQÄFunktionäre³GLHLKU8QZHVHQWUHLEHQREZRKOVLHVHOEVW8Q:HVHQ VLQGXQGGDPLWIUVLFKJHQRPPHQQLFKWV bKQOLFKZLH6(,'/(53V\FKRWUDXPDWRORJLHIGHUGHQ%HWURIIHQHQDOVÄ:LUW³VLHKW GHPGXUFKGDV,QWURMHNWHLQHHLJHQH'DVHLQVEHUHFKWLJXQJDEJHVSURFKHQZLUGGHILQLHUWDXFK 323/87='lPRQHQ±%HVHVVHQKHLW±$XVWUHLEXQJVULWXDOH%HVHVVHQKHLWDOVGHQYRQDX HQ ZDKUQHKPEDUHQ .RQWUROOYHUOXVW HLQHU 3HUVRQ (LQ 'lPRQ EHUQHKPH GDEHL GLH .RQ WUROOHVHLQHV:LUWVÄ'lPRQHQ YHUKDOWHQVLFKZLH3DUDVLWHQGLHHLQHQ:LUWEHQ|WLJHQXP DXIGHU(UGHEHUOHEHQ]XN|QQHQ>«@'LHVHQ:LUWPDFKHQVLHNUDQN³(EHQVR)(/'0(,(5 'LH 0lFKWH GHV %|VHQ 'LH 'lPRQHQ EHPlFKWLJHQ VLFK SDUDVLWlU HLQHV IUHPGHQ 3HU VRQVHLQVEHZLUNHQGHVVHQ3HUYHUWLHUXQJXQGZLUNWHQVRSHUVRQHQKDIWLPGRSSHOWHQ6LQQH± VLHZLUNHQdurchGLH3HUVRQXQGZLUNHQwieHLQH3HUVRQREZRKOVLHVHOEVWNHLQH3HUVRQHQ VLQG
Maike Schult
GLH 6FKZHLQH VWU]HQ VLFK LQ GHQ 6HH 'DPLW ZLUG GHP %|VHQ HLQ 2UW XQG ÄHLQHU5DFKHSKDQWDVLH5DXPJHJHEHQGLHGDVRKQPlFKWLJH$XVJHOLHIHUWVHLQ DQ GHQ 7lWHU XQG GLH *HZDOWWDW LQ GHU 9RUVWHOOXQJ EHUZLQGHW³ $P (QGH NDQQGHU*HKHLOWHGDVLW]HQbekleidetXQGvernünftig9RQ-HVXVHUKlOWHUGHQ $XIWUDJLQVHLQHHLJHQH/HEHQVJHVFKLFKWH]XUFN]XNHKUHQXQGYRQ GHP*H VFKHKHQ ]X EHULFKWHQ DOV ÄKHLOVDPHV (U]lKOHQ³ YLHOOHLFKW ZRYRQ GHU 7H[W DEHUQXUindirektEHULFKWHW 2EGHU*HUDVHQHUHLQ.ULHJVWUDXPDWLVLHUWHU LVWLP6LQQHHLQHUUFNZlUWLJHQ 'LDJQRVHXQGIUKHUH(UNOlUXQJHQVHLQHV9HUKDOWHQVZLH7REVXFKW6FKL]R SKUHQLHPXOWLSOH3HUV|QOLFKNHLWVVW|UXQJ,FK6SDOWXQJRGHU'LVVR]LDWLRQKHXWH XQWHUGHP ZHLWJHVSDQQWHQumbrellaWHUP Ä7UDXPD³ DQJHPHVVHQ VXEVXPLHUW ZHUGHQ N|QQHQ LVW GDPLW IUHLOLFK QLFKW JHNOlUW .UDQNKHLWV]XVFKUHLEXQJHQ VLQG ]HLWJHEXQGHQ XQG SV\FKLVFKH 9HUKDOWHQVPXVWHU NXOWXUHOO JHSUlJW 1D GLQH 0HW]JHU VFKOlJW GDUXP YRU JDU QLFKW HUVW GHQ 9HUVXFK ]X VWDUWHQ
'LHYHUEOIIHQGHVSUDFKOLFKH9HUELQGXQJGHUFKDRWLVFKHQ*HLVWHU/HJLRQPLWGHU2UG QXQJGHVU|PLVFKHQ0LOLWlUV]HLJW 0(%1(5:HVVHQ0HGLXPZLOOVWGXVHLQ"'LH+HLOXQJ GHV%HVHVVHQHQYRQ*HUDVD 0N±(S$SI LQ=LPPHUPDQQ+J .RPSHQGLXP GHUIUKFKULVWOLFKHQ:XQGHUHU]lKOXQJHQ± 326(5+HLOVDPHV(U]lKOHQ =XP7LWHOYRQ3RVHUYJODXFK+ 675(,%+HLOVDPHV(U]lKOHQ3DVWRUDOWKHRORJLVFKH XQG SDVWRUDOSV\FKRORJLVFKH 3HUVSHNWLYHQ ]XU %HJUQGXQJ XQG *HVWDOWXQJ GHU 6HHOVRUJH :]0 ± 2IIHQ EOHLEHQ PXVV DXFK RE GHU *HUDVHQHU HLQ Opfer YRQ .DPSIKDQGOXQJHQ RGHU VHOEVWTäterZDUTätertrauma REHUHLQVerlusttraumaHUIDKUHQRGHUXQWHUGHUBesatzung JHOLWWHQKDWBesatzungstrauma 'D]X323/87='lPRQHQ±%HVHVVHQKHLW±$XVWUHLEXQJV ULWXDOH6LHVLHKWGLHU|PLVFKH)UHPGKHUUVFKDIWGHQ.RORQLDOLVPXVDOVHLQH8UVDFKH IUGDVJHKlXIWH$XIWUHWHQYRQ%HVHVVHQKHLWVSKlQRPHQHQ]XU=HLW-HVX 323/87= 'lPRQHQ ±%HVHVVHQKHLW± $XVWUHLEXQJVULWXDOH Ä9LHOH .UDQNKHLWVELO GHUGLHLQGHU$QWLNHNHLQHUSUl]LVHQ8UVDFKH]XJHRUGQHWZHUGHQNRQQWHQZXUGHQDXI'l PRQHQ]XUFNJHIKUWYDVRJHQDQQWHGLVVR]LDWLYH6W|UXQJHQRGHUHSLOHSWLVFKH$QIlOOH³ (XJHQ 'UHZHUPDQQ GHXWHWH GHQ *HUDVHQHU WLHIHQSV\FKRORJLVFK DOV HLQH JHVSDOWHQH 3HUV|QOLFKNHLWÄGLHXQWHULQQHUHU=HUULVVHQKHLWOHLGHWXQGVFKL]RLGSDUDQRLGH9RUVWHOOXQJHQ ]HLJW ,FK ± GDV VLQG YLHOH³ ZDV LQ]ZLVFKHQ Ä6FKXOEXFKFKDUDNWHU³ KDEH XQG ÄDWWUDNWLY³ EOHLEHVR(%1(5:HVVHQ0HGLXPZLOOVWGXVHLQ=XP=XVDPPHQKDQJYRQ7UDXPD XQG PXOWLSOHU 3HUV|QOLFKNHLW YJO 0 +XEHU +J 9LHOH VHLQ (LQ +DQGEXFK .RPSOH[ WUDXPDXQGGLVVR]LDWLYH,GHQWLWlW±YHUVWHKHQYHUlQGHUQEHKDQGHOQ3DGHUERUQ Ä7UDXPDWD³VLQGGDPLWDOVRlKQOLFK]HLWJHEXQGHQZLHGLHÄ'lPRQHQ³GHUHQ([LVWHQ] ELV(QGHGHV-DKUKXQGHUWVDXFKLQ(XURSDIUDOOH%HY|ONHUXQJVJUXSSHQVHOEVWYHUVWlQG OLFKZDUXQGGHUHQH[RU]LVWLVFKH9HUWUHLEXQJDOVDQJHPHVVHQH3UDNWLNJDOWXP%HVHVVHQKHLW ]XEHZlOWLJHQ'XUFKGLH$XINOlUXQJZXUGHQGLHVH.RQ]HSWHLQ)UDJHJHVWHOOWXQGVFKRQYRU YRQQDWUOLFKHQ.UDQNKHLWVHUNOlUXQJHQDEJHO|VW=XP.DWDORJQDWUOLFKHU.UDQNKHLWHQ JHK|UWDEGHP-DKUKXQGHUWGDQQDXFK7UDXPD)UGLHVH+LQZHLVHGDQNHLFKVHKUKHU] OLFKPHLQHP3DGHUERUQHU.ROOHJHQ0DUWLQ/HXW]VFK
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
WUDXPDlKQOLFKH3KlQRPHQHLQELEOLVFKHQ7H[WHQÄWUDXPDOLNHSKHQRPHQD³ UHDOKLVWRULVFKNRQWH[WXDOLVLHUHQXQG7UDXPDDOVHLQHPHGL]LQLVFKGLVWLQNWH'L DJQRVHYHUZHQGHQ]XZROOHQGLHVLFKEHU5DXPXQG=HLWHLQHPDQGHUHQ.RQ WH[WDOV)HUQGLDJQRVHRNWUR\LHUHQOLHH9LHOPHKUJHKHHVGDUXP7UDXPDDOV HLQH 'HXWXQJVKLOIH ]X QXW]HQ GLH KHXWLJHQ /HVHUQ ihre :HOW YHUVWlQGOLFKHU PDFKWXQGGDIUQLFKWGDV'LVWLQNWHVRQGHUQGLHVagheit GHU3KlQRPHQH]X QXW]HQÄ,WLVDGYLVDEOHWRIROORZVXFK more vague phenomenaWKURXJKWLPH DQG WR UHJDUG WKH GLIIHUHQW PHGLFDO FRQFHSWXDO DWWHPSWV DW DQ H[SODQDWLRQ DV EHLQJFKDQJLQJYDULHWLHVQRQHPRUHWUXHWKDQDQ\RWKHU³ 6ROFK vage 3KlQRPHQEHUVFKQHLGXQJHQ ILQGHQ VLFK QXQ DXFK LQ OLWHUDUL VFKHQ7H[WHQGHU0RGHUQHGLHELEOLVFKH1DUUDWLYHXQG5HDOKLVWRULH]XHLQDQGHU EULQJHQ XQG GDEHL GLH MHZHLOLJH .RQWH[WJHEXQGHQKHLW GHU Ä(UIDKUXQJVZLUN OLFKNHLW³ YRQ 'lPRQHQ DQ]HLJHQ ,Q 'RVWRHYVNLMV 5RPDQ Besy HWZD GWDie BesessenenDie DämonenBöse Geister IXQJLHUWGLH3H ULNRSHYRPEHVHVVHQHQ*HUDVHQHUDOV3UlWH[WXQGGLH/HJLRQGHU'lPRQHQDOV 6LQQELOGIUQLKLOLVWLVFKH,GHHQXQG WHUURULVWLVFKH*UXSSHQGLH(QGHGHV -DKUKXQGHUWVGDV=DUHQUHJLPH]XXQWHUZDQGHUQVXFKWHQ .HLQH[SOL]LWHU%H]XJZRKODEHUHLQHhEHUVFKQHLGXQJPLWGHU%LOGZHOWGHV *HUDVHQHUVILQGHWVLFKGDJHJHQLQ(ULFK0DULD5HPDUTXHV± $QWL NULHJVURPDQIm Westen nichts Neues 'DULQKDWWHGHU$XWRUGLH6FKUH FNHQGHV(UVWHQ:HOWNULHJV]XU6SUDFKHJHEUDFKWXQGGLHKLVWRULVFKQHXH6LWX DWLRQHLQJHIDQJHQGLHGXUFKGLHPRGHUQH.ULHJVWHFKQLNXQGGHQMDKUHODQJHQ
1 0(7=*(55DLOZD\6SLQH6KHOO6KRFNDQG3V\FKRORJLFDO7UDXPD 7KH/LPLWVRI 5HWURVSHFWLYH'LDJQRVLVLQ(FNHU'RFKKRUQ.UDJHOXQG+ROW+J 7UDXPDDQG7UDXPDWL ]DWLRQLQ,QGLYLGXDODQG&ROOHFWLYH'LPHQVLRQV± $D2 323/87='lPRQHQ±%HVHVVHQKHLW±$XVWUHLEXQJVULWXDOHÄ2EZRKO'lPRQHQPLW GHQ QRUPDOHQ 6LQQHQ QLFKW ZDKUQHKPEDU VLQG VLQG VLH HLQH (UIDKUXQJVZLUNOLFKNHLW³ 6LH OHLWHWGHQ'lPRQHQJODXEHQHQWZLFNOXQJVSV\FKRORJLVFKDEDXVGHU$QJVWYRUXQNRQWUROOLHU EDUHQ)HLQGHQXQGHLQHUDOVEHGURKOLFKHUIDKUHQGHQ8PZHOWDD2 0 6&+8/7 'LH 'lPRQHQ LQ% +DUUH +J ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQHQ'RVWRMHZVNLMV 5R PDQH6WXWWJDUW±'HU%LEHOWH[WZLUGYRQGHPILNWLYHQ(U]lKOHUGHV5RPDQVDOV 0RWWRYRUDQJHVWHOOWDEHUDXFKLQQHUILNWLRQDOYRQ)LJXUHQYHUOHVHQXQGPLW%OLFNDXIGHUHQ (U]lKOJHJHQZDUWDXVJHOHJW(LQHOLWHUDWXUZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQGHUELEOLVFKHQ3H ULNRSHILQGHWVLFK]XGHPEHL- 67$52%,16.,%HVHVVHQKHLWXQG([RU]LVPXV'UHL)LJXUHQ GHU 8PQDFKWXQJ 0LW $EELOGXQJHQ )UDQNIXUW D 0%HUOLQ:LHQ ± 'HU .DPSIPLW/HJLRQ0DUNXV(YDQJHOLXP9± 'HU5RPDQLVWÄdas.ULHJVEXFKGHV-DKUKXQGHUWVZHOWZHLW³VR7 ) 6&+1(,'(5 Ä:LUSDVVHQQLFKWPHKULQGLH:HOWKLQHLQ³=XU(QWVWHKXQJXQG3XEOLNDWLRQYRQ(ULFK0DULD 5HPDUTXHVIm Westen nichts NeuesLQ(05(0$548(,P:HVWHQQLFKWV1HXHV5RPDQ ,Q GHU )DVVXQJ GHU (UVWDXVJDEH PLW $QKDQJ XQG HLQHP 1DFKZRUW KHUDXVJHJHEHQ YRQ 7KRPDV)6FKQHLGHU.|OQ >@±
Maike Schult
6WHOOXQJVNULHJDQGHU:HVWIURQWHUVWPDOVGDV6\PSWRPGHU.ULHJVWUDXPDWLVLH UXQJLQGLH0HGL]LQJHVFKLFKWHHLQJHVFKULHEHQKDEHQ5HPDUTXHZlKOWHGDIU GLH3HUVSHNWLYHHLQHV,FK(U]lKOHUV3DXO%lXPOHUGHUVLFKYRQGHU6FKXOEDQN ZHJIUHLZLOOLJDQGLH)URQWPHOGHWVWDWWGHVHUZDUWHWHQNXU]HQ$EHQWHXHUVDEHU GHQ MDKUHODQJHQ 6FKUHFNHQ GHV .ULHJHV HUOHEW 7URPPHOIHXHU *DVDQJULIIH 3DWURXLOOHQGXUFK]HUVFKRVVHQH:lOGHUXQGQHUYHQ]HUVHW]HQGHV:DUWHQLP8Q WHUVWDQG,QHEHQHLQHPVROFKHQ8QWHUVWDQGLQGHPGHQEDVDOHQ,QVWLQNWHQGHV fight or flightEHUODQJH=HLWQLFKWQDFKJHJHEHQZHUGHQNDQQXQGGLH6ROGDWHQ DXI GHU 1DKWVWHOOH ]ZLVFKHQ 7RG XQG /HEHQ YHUKDUUHQ PVVHQ HUHLJQHW VLFK QXQYRUGHQ$XJHQGHV(U]lKOHUVHLQ9RUIDOOYRQ.RQWUROOYHUOXVWXQG5DVHUHL GHUDQGLHELEOLVFKH9RUODJHLQ0NHULQQHUWRKQHDXIVLH%H]XJ]XQHKPHQ Ä'LHVH1DFKWLVWXQHUWUlJOLFK:LUN|QQHQQLFKWVFKODIHQZLUVWLHUHQYRUXQVKLQXQGGXVHOQ >«@*HJHQ0RUJHQDOVHVQRFKGXQNHOLVWHQWVWHKW$XIUHJXQJ 'XUFKGHQ(LQJDQJstürzt ein Schwarm flüchtender Ratten und jagt die Wände hinauf'LH7DVFKHQODPSHQEHOHXFKWHQ GLH9HUZLUUXQJ$OOHVFKUHLHQXQGIOXFKHQXQGVFKODJHQ]X(VLVWGHU$XVEUXFKGHU:XWXQG GHU 9HU]ZHLIOXQJ YLHOHU 6WXQGHQ GHU VLFK HQWOlGW 'LH *HVLFKWHU VLQG YHU]HUUW GLH $UPH VFKODJHQGLH7LHUHTXLHWVFKHQHVIlOOWVFKZHUGDZLUDXIK|UHQIDVWKlWWHHLQHUGHQDQGHUQ DQJHIDOOHQ>«@:LUPVVHQZDUWHQZDUWHQ0LWWDJVSDVVLHUWGDVZRPLWLFKVFKRQUHFKQHWH (LQHUGHU5HNUXWHQKDWHLQHQ$QIDOO,FKKDEHLKQVFKRQODQJHEHREDFKWHWZLHHUruhelosGLH =lKQHEHZHJWHXQGGLHFäuste ballteXQGVFKOR'LHVHJHKHW]WHQKHUDXVVSULQJHQGHQ$XJHQ NHQQHQZLU]XU*HQJH,QGHQOHW]WHQ6WXQGHQLVWHUQXUVFKHLQEDUVWLOOHUJHZRUGHQ(ULVW LQVLFK]XVDPPHQJHVXQNHQZLHHLQPRUVFKHU%DXP-HW]WVWHKWHUDXIXQDXIIlOOLJNULHFKWHU GXUFK GHQ 5DXP YHUZHLOW HLQHQ $XJHQEOLFN XQG UXWVFKW GDQQ GHP $XVJDQJ ]X ,FK OHJH PLFKKHUXPXQGIUDJHÃ:RZLOOVWGXKLQ"µÃ,FKELQJOHLFKZLHGHUGDµVDJWHUXQGZLOODQ PLUYRUEHLÃ:DUWHGRFKQRFKGDV)HXHUOlWVFKRQQDFKµ(UKRUFKWDXIXQGGDV$XJHZLUG HLQHQ0RPHQWNODU'DQQKDWHVZLHGHUGHQWUEHQ*ODQ]ZLHEHLHLQHPWROOZWLJHQ+XQGH HUVFKZHLJWXQGGUlQJWPLFKIRUWÃ(LQH0LQXWH.DPHUDGµUXIHLFK.DWZLUGDXIPHUNVDP *HUDGHDOVGHU5HNUXWPLFKIRUWVW|WSDFNWHU]XXQGZLUhalten ihnfest6RIRUWEHJLQQWHU ]XtobenÃ/DWPLFKORVODWPLFKUDXVLFKZLOOKLHUUDXVµ(Uhört auf nichts und schlägt um sich GHU 0XQG LVW QD XQG VSUKW:RUWH KDOEYHUVFKOXFNWH sinnlose Worte (V LVW HLQ Anfall YRQ 8QWHUVWDQGVDQJVW HU KDW GDV *HIKO KLHU ]X HUVWLFNHQ>@ XQG NHQQW QXU HLQHQ 7ULHEKLQDXV]XJHODQJHQ:HQQPDQLKQODXIHQOLHHZUGHHURKQH'HFNXQJLUJHQGZRKLQ UHQQHQ(ULVWQLFKWGHUHUVWH'DHUVHKUwildLVWXQGGLH$XJHQVLFKVFKRQYHUGUHKHQVRKLOIW HVQLFKWVwir müssen ihn verprügelnGDPLWHUvernünftigZLUG:LUWXQHVVFKQHOOXQGHU EDUPXQJVORVXQGHUUHLFKHQGDHUvorläufig wieder ruhig sitzt'LHDQGHUQVLQGEOHLFKEHL GHU*HVFKLFKWHJHZRUGHQKRIIHQWOLFKVFKUHFNWHVVLHDE>«@'LHVWLFNLJH/XIWIlOOWXQVQDFK GLHVHP9RUJDQJQRFKPHKUDXIGLH1HUYHQ:LUVLW]HQZLHLQXQVHUHP GrabeXQGZDUWHQ QXUGDUDXIGDZLU]XJHVFKWWHWZHUGHQ3O|W]OLFKKHXOWXQGEOLW]WHVXQJHKHXHUGHU8QWHU VWDQGNUDFKWLQDOOHQ)XJHQXQWHUHLQHP7UHIIHU>«@(VNOLUUWPHWDOOLVFKXQGIUFKWHUOLFK GLH:lQGHZDFNHOQ*HZHKUH+HOPH(UGH'UHFNXQG6WDXEIOLHJHQ6FKZHIHOLJHU4XDOP
'DV3KlQRPHQGHUVRJHQDQQWHQÄ.ULHJV]LWWHUHU³WDXFKWHUVWPDOVLP(UVWHQ:HOWNULHJ DXI-XQJH0lQQHUGLHPLW6FKWWHOOlKPXQJYRQGHU)URQW]XUFNNHKUWHQREZRKOVLHDQ VRQVWHQXQYHUVHKUWZDUHQ6LHZXUGHQYRQ0LOLWlUSV\FKLDWHUQPLWVDGLVWLVFKHQÃ7KHUDSLHQµ VRJHTXlOWGDVVVLHOLHEHU]XUFNDQGLH)URQWJLQJHQDOVVLFKZHLWHUGHU%HKDQGOXQJDXV]X VHW]HQ'DULQODJGDV=LHOGHQ6ROGDWHQNDPSIWDXJOLFK]XKDOWHQXQGÃ6LPXODQWHQµDXI]XGH FNHQ+HXWHZUGHPDQGDV9HUKDOWHQGHUÃ6FKWWOHUµZRKODOV37%6GLDJQRVWL]LHUHQ
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
GULQJWHLQ>«@'HU5HNUXWYRQYRUKLQtobt schon wiederXQG]ZHLDQGHUHVFKOLHHQVLFKDQ (LQHUUHLWDXVXQGOlXIWZHJ:LUKDEHQ0KHPLWGHQEHLGHQDQGHUQ,FKVWU]HKLQWHUGHP )OFKWHQGHQKHUXQGEHUOHJHRELFKLKPLQGLH%HLQHVFKLHHQVROO ±GDSIHLIWHVKHUDQ LFKZHUIHPLFKKLQXQGDOVLFKDXIVWHKHLVWGLH*UDEHQZDQGPLWKHLHQ6SOLWWHUQ)OHLVFK IHW]HQ XQG 8QLIRUPODSSHQ EHSIODVWHUW ,FK NOHWWHUH]XUFN 'HUHUVWH VFKHLQW ZLUNOLFK verrückt geworden]XVHLQ(Urennt mit dem KopfZLHHLQ%RFNJHJHQGLH:DQGZHQQPDQLKQ ORVOlW:LUZHUGHQQDFKWVYHUVXFKHQPVVHQLKQQDFKKLQWHQ]XEULQJHQ9RUOlXILJbinden wir ihn so festGDPDQLKQEHLP$QJULIIVRIRUWZLHGHUORVPDFKHQNDQQ>«@:LHLQHLQHP JHZDOWLJGU|KQHQGHQ.HVVHOVLW]HQZLUDXIGHQYRQDOOHQ 6HLWHQORVJHVFKODJHQZLUG1RFK HLQH1DFKW:LUVLQGMHW]WVWXPSIYRU6SDQQXQJ(VLVWHLQHW|GOLFKH6SDQQXQJGLHZLHHLQ VFKDUWLJHV0HVVHUXQVHU5FNHQPDUNHQWODQJNUDW]W'LH%HLQHZROOHQQLFKWPHKUGLH+lQGH ]LWWHUQGHU.|USHULVWHLQHGQQH+DXWEHUPKVDPXQWHUGUFNWHP:DKQVLQQEHUHLQHP JOHLFKKHPPXQJVORVDXVEUHFKHQGHQGebrüllRKQH(QGH:LUKDEHQNHLQ)OHLVFKXQGNHLQH 0XVNHOQPHKUZLUN|QQHQXQVQLFKWPHKUDQVHKHQDXV)XUFKWYRUHWZDV8QEHUHFKHQEDUHP 6R SUHVVHQ ZLU GLH /LSSHQ DXIHLQDQGHU ± HV ZLUG YRUEHUJHKHQ ± HV ZLUG YRUEHUJHKHQ ± YLHOOHLFKWNRPPHQZLUGXUFK³
'HU5RPDQVFKLOGHUW KLHUHLQHQW\SLVFKHQ)DOOYRQÄ8QWHUVWDQGVDQJVW³ XQG IRUPXOLHUW GDPLW H[HPSODULVFK GLH .ULHJVHUIDKUXQJHQ GHUHU GLH QLFKW VHOEVW GD]X LQ GHU /DJH VRQGHUQ LQ LKUHQ (ULQQHUXQJHQ JHIDQJHQ ZDUHQ XQG HLQHQ Ä$XWRUDXVGHUJHVLFKWVORVHQ0DVVH³EUDXFKWHQGHUGLH6SUDFKORVLJNHLWEHU ZXQGHQXQGGDV*UDXHQÄIUYLHOH6WXPPJHEOLHEHQHLQ:RUWHJHIRUPWKDWWH³ 'DV=LHOGHV6FKULIWVWHOOHUV ZDUÄGLH'DUVWHOOXQJGHUSV\FKLVFKHQ)ROJHQGHV .ULHJHV³ GRFKZXUGHVHLQ:HUNDXFKDOVHLQÄ$NWGHU%HIUHLXQJ³JHGHXWHW DOVÄVHOEVWWKHUDSHXWLVFKHU9HUVXFK³GHV$XWRUVVLFKGHUÄ7UDXPDWD³GHV.ULH JHVÄLQHLQHPNDWKDUWLVFKHQ$NW]XHQWOHGLJHQ³XQGim SchreibenGLHVHOEVW HUOLWWHQHQ *UlXHO DXV VLFK herauszubeschwören (U VFKLOGHUW GDEHL DXFK GDV ZDVGHUELEOLVFKH7H[WQXUVSDUVDPDQGHQNWGLH6FKZLHULJNHLWGHU6ROGDWHQ LQGLH]LYLOH1DFKNULHJVJHVHOOVFKDIW ]XUFN]XILQGHQXQGGDPLWGDV6FKLFNVDO $D2±'LHYRQPLUNXUVLYPDUNLHUWHQ6WHOOHQ]HLJHQP|JOLFKH3DUDOOHOHQ]ZL VFKHQGHQ7H[WHQ5DWWHQ6FKZHLQHKLQDXVUHQQHQKLQXQWHUVWU]HQWREHQELQGHQZDKQVLQ QLJYHUQQIWLJ VHLQEUOOHQUXKLJVHLQ GHU (LQ]HOQHGLHDQGHUHQ GDV *UDEGHP *UDE HQW NRPPHQ ZROOHQ HWF 'LH 6LWXDWLRQ LVW EHL 5HPDUTXH DEHU QDWUOLFK YLHO DXVIKUOLFKHU EH VFKULHEHQHQWKlOWDXFK]HLWKLVWRULVFKH%HVRQGHUKHLWHQXQGPXVVRKQH+HLOXQJDXVNRPPHQ bKQOLFK DXFK DD2 I Ä'>«@LHVH $QIlOOH YRQ )URQWNROOHU ZHUGHQ JHIlKUOLFK ZHQQPDQGHQ0DQQQLFKWJOHLFK]X%RGHQZHUIHQXQGIHVWKDOWHQNDQQ³(VÄLVWGLHVHU%OLW] GHULUJHQGZREHUXQVDOOHQODXHUWGHULQLKQHLQJHVFKODJHQLVWXQGLKQEHVHVVHQPDFKW%HL DQGHUQLVWHVVRGDVVVLH]XWREHQDQIDQJHQGDVLHZHJUHQQHQMDHLQHUZDUGDGHUVLF KPLW +lQGHQ)HQXQG0XQGLPPHUIRUWLQGLH(UGHHLQ]XJUDEHQYHUVXFKWH³ :HUEXQJ GHU 9RVVLVFKHQ =HLWXQJ DP 1RYHPEHU DOVR LP SROLWLVFKHQ 7HLO GHU=HLWXQJIUGHQ%HJLQQGHV9RUDEGUXFNV=LWLHUWQDFK 6&+1(,'(5Ä:LUSDVVHQQLFKW PHKULQGLH:HOWKLQHLQ³ $D2 $D2I 'DVHEHQZDUDXFKGDV3UREOHP GHU9LHWQDPYHWHUDQHQXQG IKUWH]X LKUHP(QJDJH PHQWEHLGHU'XUFKVHW]XQJGHU'LDJQRVH37%6
Maike Schult
HLQHU*HQHUDWLRQGLHYRP.ULHJVHOEVWGRUW]HUVW|UWZXUGHZRVLHVHLQHQ*UD QDWHQ HQWNDP 'LH 3KlQRPHQSDUDOOHOHQ ]ZLVFKHQ GHP *HUDVHQHU XQG GHP )URQWNROOHUVROGDWHQEHL5HPDUTXH]HLJHQWURW] LKUHU9DJKHLWGDVVHLQH'HX WXQJGHV*HUDVHQHUVDOVÃNULHJVWUDXPDWLVLHUWµJUXQGVlW]OLFKGHQNEDULVW6LH]HL JHQDEHUDXFKMHDXILKUH:HLVHGLHÃGlPRQLVFKHµ6HLWHGHU:LUNOLFKNHLWGLH Ä3DWKRORJLHGHU5HDOLWlW³GDVÃ%|VHµDOVRLQVHLQHUNXOWXUXQG]HLWEHGLQJWHQ :DKUQHKPXQJVZHLVH 'LH 9RUVWHOOXQJ GDVV VROFKH ÃE|VHQµ (UIDKUXQJHQ GXUFKH[RU]LVWLVFKH3UDNWLNHQDXVGHU:HOW ]XEULQJHQVLQGXQG+HLOXQJVLFK VROHLFKWHUIOOWZLHLPELEOLVFKHQ1DUUDWLYZDUIUGDV-DKUKXQGHUWVFKZLH ULJHUJHZRUGHQXQGVLHGUIWHHVWURW]GHUHLQJDQJVDQJH]HLJWHQ7HQGHQ]]XU :LHGHUEHOHEXQJH[RU]LVWLVFKHU3UDNWLNHQDXFKJHEOLHEHQVHLQ(LQHNXOWXUVHQ VLEOH7UDXPDVHHOVRUJHZLUGGDUXPGLHELEOLVFKHQ(U]lKOXQJHQQLFKWXQJHEUR FKHQDOVEHU]HLWOLFKH(UNOlUXQJVXQG%HZlOWLJXQJVPXVWHUDQELHWHQN|QQHQ 6LHNDQQVLFKDEHUPLWGHPMH(LQ]HOQHQDXIGHQ:HJPDFKHQVHLQHLQGLYLGX HOOH*HVFKLFKWH]XK|UHQGHQ6FKUHFNHQDXV]XKDOWHQXQGGHQ JHPHLQVDPHQ 9HUVXFKXQWHUQHKPHQGLHGDPLWYHUEXQGHQHQ%LOGHUÄLQSV\FKLVFK]XJlQJOL FKH5HDOLWlWHQ³]XEHUVHW]HQ'LH:XQGHVHOEVWEHVHLWLJHQ±GDVNDQQ6HHO VRUJHQLFKW6LHNDQQQXUGD]XEHLWUDJHQPLWOHEHQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ%HVFKlGL JXQJHQ OHEHQ ]X OHUQHQ XQG LKUH 'HXWXQJVDQJHERWH VR ZlKOHQ GDVV VROFKH (LQVFKQLWWH QLFKW DOV (LQJULII YRQ 'lPRQHQ XQG ÄQLFKW DOV *RWWHVVWUDIH YHU NDQQWZHUGHQ³VRQGHUQ]XLKUHU%HDUEHLWXQJDQUHJHQXQGGXUFKGDV0HGLXP 6SUDFKH GLH 'LVWDQ] VFKDIIHQ GLH GDV HUP|JOLFKW 'DPLW XQWHUVFKHLGHW VLH VLFKYRQVROFKHQ$QJHERWHQGLH'lPRQHQGLDEROLVFKGLQJOLFKYHUVWHKHQXQG 6FKDGHQVJHLVWHUGXUFKH[RU]LVWLVFKH3UDNWLNHQYHUWUHLEHQZROOHQXQGZLUGGLH VHQ$QJHERWHQEHVRQGHUVGRUWNULWLVFKEHJHJQHQZRHLQHReflexionEHUGLH .RQVWUXNWLRQVROFKHU9RUVWHOOXQJHQQLFKW]XJHODVVHQXQGHLQHHermeneutikGHU MHZHLOLJHQ1DUUDWLYHQLFKWJHZROOWZLUG 'DVVGDV(U]lKOHQVHOEVWKHLOVDPXQG GDV $XVVSUHFKHQ HLQH 9RUDXVVHW]XQJ IU GLH *HQHVXQJ LVW LVW GDEHL IUHLOLFK DXFKHLQ.RQVWUXNWGDVIUXQVHUH=HLWXQGXQVHUHQ.RQWH[WFKDUDNWHULVWLVFK LVW0LWLKPVLQGJURH+RIIQXQJHQYHUEXQGHQDEHUDXFK NRQNUHWHQDUUDWLYH
5(0$548(,P:HVWHQQLFKWV1HXHVÄ'LHVHV%XFKVROOZHGHUHLQH$QNODJHQRFK HLQ%HNHQQWQLVVHLQ(VVROOQXUGHQ9HUVXFKPDFKHQEHUHLQH*HQHUDWLRQ]XEHULFKWHQGLH YRP.ULHJH]HUVW|UWZXUGH±DXFKZHQQVLHVHLQHQ*UDQDWHQHQWNDP³ +,//(%5$1'7'DV7UDXPDLQGHU3V\FKRDQDO\VH )(/'0(,(5'LH0lFKWHGHV%|VHQ +:$+/$UW7UDXPDLQ(./ ± $D2 $D2 *0(,(5([RU]LVPXVDOV,QV]HQLHUXQJÄ'HUXOWLPDWLYH(UZHLVGHU5LFKWLJNHLWPHLQHV *ODXEHQVLVWGLH$XVWUHLEXQJGHV%|VHQ³LQ+HPSHOPDQQ+J ([RU]LVPXV±
Was bringt den Sturm zur Ruhe?
7KHUDSLHPRGHOOH7DWVlFKOLFKNDQQHVPLWLKUHU+LOIHGHQ%HWURIIHQHQPDQFK PDOJHOLQJHQGHQ6WXUPVSUDFKOLFK]XU5XKH]XEULQJHQ XQGbekleidetXQG vernünftigLQGLH*HVHOOVFKDIW]XUFN]XILQGHQ'DIUEUDXFKWHVDEHUNHLQH([ RU]LVPHQ VRQGHUQ HLQHQ VLFKHUHQ 2UW MHQVHLWV GHU )URQW XQG DXVUHLFKHQG =HLWXPHLQH+DOWXQJGHUHLJHQHQ*HVFKLFKWHJHJHQEHU]XILQGHQÄEHLGHU 9HUVWDQG XQG *HIKO EHUHLQVWLPPHQ³ XQG HLQH $KQXQJ ]XUFNNHKUW YRQ ÄGHQVWLOOHQ0lFKWHQKLQWHUGHQ'LQJHQ³
6LH]HLJHQVLFKLQNRQNUHWHQ7KHUDSLHDQJHERWHQZLHGHUQDUUDWLYHQ([SRVLWLRQVWKHUDSLH 1(71DUUDWLYH([SRVXUH7KHUDS\ EHLGHUHVGDUXPJHKWGDV(UOHLGQLVsprachlichZLHGHU DXVVLFKKHUDXV]XVHW]HQ9JOGD]X)1(81(506&+$8(57(/%(571DUUDWLYH([SRVL WLRQ LQ 0DHUFNHU +J 3RVWWUDXPDWLVFKH %HODVWXQJVVW|UXQJHQ ± $EHU DXFK GLH VRJHQDQQWH%LEOLRWKHUDSLH0'8'$:HQQXQVVHOEVWGLH:RUWHIHKOHQ«7KHUDSHXWLVFKHV /HVHQ DOV +LOIH ]XU %HZlOWLJXQJ VFKZHUHU 6FKLFNVDOVVFKOlJH LQ ([LVWHQ]DQDO\VH ± VRZLH 0 :+,7(' (36721 'LH =lKPXQJ GHU 0RQVWHU 'HU QDUUDWLYH $QVDW]LQGHU)DPLOLHQWKHUDSLH+HLGHOEHUJ +* *5$'/*ODXEHLQ6HHQRW'LH6WLOOXQJGHV6WXUPV 0N±/N± LQ =LPPHUPDQQ +J .RPSHQGLXP GHU IUKFKULVWOLFKHQ :XQGHUHU]lKOXQJHQ ± 'HU8UVSUXQJGHV:RUWHVÄ7UDXPD³LVWEULJHQVDQGLHDQWLNH6HHIDKUWJHEXQGHQDOV6WUPH /HFNVLQ6FKLIIHVFKOXJHQXQGGLH0DQQVFKDIWDQ/HLEXQG/HEHQJHIlKUGHWHQ 5(0$548(,P:HVWHQQLFKWV1HXHVÄ$QGHU)URQWJLEWHVNHLQH6WLOOHXQGGHU %DQQGHU)URQWUHLFKWVRZHLWGDZLUQLHDXHUKDOEYRQLKUVLQG³ &)$8/'(:HQQIUKH:XQGHQVFKPHU]HQ*ODXEHDXIGHP:HJ]XU7UDXPDKHLOXQJ 0DLQ]3V\FKLVFKH+HLOXQJNDQQQLFKWEHVFKOHXQLJWZHUGHQVRQGHUQHUHLJQHWVLFK GDQQXQGQXUGDQQZHQQLKUDXVUHLFKHQG=HLW]XJHVWDQGHQZLUG $D2 5(0$548(,P:HVWHQQLFKWV1HXHV(LQHVROFKH/|VXQJJLEWHVDEHUQLFKWRSH UDWLRQDOLVLHUEDUXQGQLFKWIUMHGHQ'HU(U]lKOHU3DXO%lXPOHUIlOOWDOVOHW]WHUVHLQHU*UXSSH DQHLQHP7DJLP2NWREHU.XU]YRU.ULHJVHQGHDOVRDQGHPGHU+HHUHVEHULFKWYHU PHOGHWÄLP:HVWHQVHLQLFKWV1HXHV³$D2
'LH$XWRULQQHQXQG$XWRUHQGLHVHV%DQGHV Michael Becker JHEJHVW 6WXGLXPGHU .DWK 7KHRORJLHLQ)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ 1DFK=LYLOGLHQVWXQG.RQYHUVLRQ6WXGLXPGHU (Y LQ+HLGHOEHUJ2EHUXUVHO7VXQG0Q FKHQ 3URPRWLRQ+DELOLWDWLRQ(UDUEHLWHWH]XOHW]WDOV 6WXGLHQJDQJVNRRUGLQDWRU XQG6WXGLHQEHUDWHUVRZLH/HKUEHDXIWUDJWHULP)DFKEHUHLFK1HXHV7HVWDPHQWVRZRKODQGHU /XGZLJ0D[LPLOLDQV8QLYHUVLWlW0QFKHQDOVDXFK]XZHLOHQDP,QVWLWXWIU(YDQJHOLVFKH 7KHRORJLHLQ5HJHQVEXUJXQGDQGHU(YDQJHOLVFK7KHRORJLVFKHQ)DNXOWlWLQ(UODQJHQ Stefan Beyerle JHE 6WXGLXPGHU7KHRORJLH3KLORVRSKLHXQG3XEOL]LVWLNLQ6DDUEU FNHQ 0DLQ] XQG %RQQ 3URPRWLRQ +DELOLWDWLRQ VHLW 3URIHVVRU IU $OWHV 7HVWDPHQWDQGHU(UQVW0RULW]$UQGW8QLYHUVLWlW*UHLIVZDOG John J. Collins JHE 3K' VHLW+ROPHV3URIHVVRURI2OG7HVWDPHQW&ULWL FLVPDQG,QWHUSUHWDWLRQLQ@ Inschrift aus Tel Miqne Kuntillet ‘A÷rnjd II =HLFKQXQJDXI 3LWKRV$ I =HLFKXQJDXI 3LWKRV% .$JU>@ .$JU>@ .$JU>@ .$JU>@ .$JU>@ Mǀši‘-Inschrift Pariser magischer Papyrus 3*0,3± Tempel der Sterngötter .78 Texte aus Ugarit
)UKMGLVFKHV6FKULIWWXP -GLVFKH6FKULIWHQDXV KHOOHQLVWLVFKU|PLVFKHU=HLW Aۊîqar Apokalypse des Abraham Apokalypse des Mose I ± ± ±
± ±
II I I
Apokalypse Zephanjas S± Assumptio Mosis I ± II ± I ± Äthiopischer Henoch I ± ± I I E± ± ± ± ± I ± I II ±
Stellenregister ± II ± ± I ± ± ± II ± ± ± ± ± ± ± IV Esra I
II
Stellenregister
I ± ± ± Griechischer Baruch Jubiläenbuch I II I I lWK I ± I lWK ± lWK lWK lWK ± lWK lWK lWK
lWK lWK Psalmen Salomos I Pseudo-Phokylides ± Sibyllinische Orakel ± ± ± Slavischer Henoch I ± Syrischer Baruch II ± ± ± ± ± Testament Hiobs ± Testament der Zwölf Patriarchen ± TestXII.Rub ±
I ± ± ± ± I TestXII.Sim I TestXII.Lev II I ± ± I ± I
Stellenregister
I I
TestXII.Jud ± TestXII.Iss TestXII.Seb TestXII.Dan ± I ± ± I II TestXII.Gad ± TestXII.Ass ± TestXII.Naph
I
TestXII.Jos TestXII.Ben I I Vita Adae et Evae ± ± ±
Stellenregister
-RVHSKXV Antiquitates ,± ;,, ;,,± ;9,,± ;9,,± ;9,,±
;9,, ;9,,± Bellum Judaicum ,,± ,,
3KLOR De fuga et inventione ± De gigantibus ± De opificio mundi ± ± ± De plantatione I De praemiis et poenis ± De somniis ,, ,, Legum allegoriae ,± ,,,± Questiones et solutiones in Genesis ,± Quod deterius potiori insidiari soleat Quod Deus sit immutabilis
Stellenregister
6FKULIWHQYRP7RWHQ0HHU CD (Damaskusdokument) ± I ± I Gemeinderegel 46 III ± ± ± ± ± ± II ±D D±D ± ± I ±
± ± ± I II ±D 46D±M 46F 4 4 Kriegsregel 40
I I
I I
II II
II I ± ± I II ± I I ± ± II ± 40 4 4 4 4 4 4 1QHa (Hodayot)
Stellenregister II I
I I I I I ± ± ± I ± I ± I ± ± I I I ± ± ± I ± I
I I I
± ± I I ± ± II II II ± I I I ± ± II ±
Stellenregister I I II ± I I II
± I I ± II II I I I II I I I I ± I II
I I I I
1QpHab ,,, 1QSa 1QSb 1Q/4QInstruction
4 IUJ ± 4 LL± 4 ± ± LL LLII LLLII LLL LLLII LLLI LLLII LLL 4 L L± L L± L± L L L± L± LL LL L±
Stellenregister
IIII II II I
4 E D±F ±L ±L ± L±LL L±LL L±LL± L±LL L±LL± L±LL± D D± D± D± D± DI D D± D D± D D D ± LL L±LL± L±LL± L±LL ± L±LL± I ± ± 1Q/4QMysteries 4 L L L±
I II II ±
L L± L 4 IUJ DLL±E F F 4 DLL±E DLL±E ± 4 1Q20 (1QGenAp) 4QDeutc ,,± ± 4QDeutf ±± 4Q119 4Q120 4Q121 4Q122 4Q138 IUJUHFWR 4Q150 IUJ 4Q151 IUJ
Stellenregister
4Q161 (4QpIsa) [ 4Q162 (4QpIsb) 4Q163 (4QpIsc) ±L LL 4Q169 (4QpNah) ±L ±LL 4Q171 ,,,± 4Q173 (4QPsb) , ,, 4Q174 (4QMidrEschat) , , ,, ,, ,, ,,,± ,9D ,;± ; ; 4Q184 4Q185 ±L± 4Q186 4Q201 (4QEna) 4Q213 4Q214 4Q215
4Q230 4Q243 4Q244 4Q246 ,, ,,I ,,I ,, ,, 4Q259 ,,, 4Q273 4Q280 ± 4Q285 IUJ IUJ 4Q286 LL LL± ± 4Q287 4Q365 (4QRPc) ± ± 4Q385 ± ± 4Q386 LL LLL 4Q387 4Q423 L
Stellenregister
II
L± IUJ 4Q424 ± ± 4Q436 L 4Q444 4Q471 4Q510 IUJ 4Q511 4Q521 LL LL± IUJ ± 4Q525 4Q541 ± ± ± 4Q543–548 (4QAmram) 4Q544
Stellenregister
4Q547 LL LL± 4Q548 LL 4Q597 11Q5 (11QPsaa) ± ± ± 11Q11 (11QapocrPs) ,,±9 ,, 9± 9,
9,± 9, 9,± 9, 9,± 9, 11Q13 (11QMelch) ,, ,, ,,± ,, ,, I ,,± ,, ,, ,,± ,, ,, ,, ,,, 11Q14 I 8HevXIIgr
1HXHV7HVWDPHQW Matthäus ± I II ± I ± I II II
II I I
± ± ± I II ± ±
I I
I ± ± ± I I ± ± ± ± ±
Stellenregister
Markus II I ± ± I I ± ± I ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
I I I I
II II ± II ± ± II II I Lukas I I ± I ± I ± I II ±
Stellenregister I I II I
± I II ± II ± ± I II ± I ± II ± ± I ±
I I I I I I I
II ± I ± ± ± ± I II I ± ± I ±
Stellenregister II I III I I I I
± I Logienquelle ± I ± ± I Johannes I ±
II II
I II ± ± I ± Apostelgeschichte ± I Römerbrief II
Stellenregister
± II ± II ± I I I ± II 1. Korintherbrief II ± I II I ± 2. Korintherbrief
II I
±
Stellenregister
Galaterbrief
I
Epheserbrief ±
Philipperbrief
Kolosserbrief II
1. Thessalonicherbrief ± ± I I 2. Thessalonicherbrief
1. Timotheusbrief
Hebräerbrief ± ± Jakobusbrief
1. Petrusbrief I 2. Petrusbrief II 1. Johannesbrief I I Judasbrief Offenbarung ± ± II ± ±
I
±
Stellenregister
±
± ± I
5DEELQLVFKH6FKULIWHQ 0LVFKQDXQG7DOPXGWUDNWDWH bBaba Bathra D±E bBerakhot D D mBerakhot bMenahot D bSanhedrin E mSota
0LGUDVFKLP7DUJXPLPXQG 6DPPHOZHUNH Bereshit Rabba I Mekhilta ]X([ Schemot Rabba Targum Neophyti *HQ *HQ Targum Pseudo-Jonathan *HQ
$OWNLUFKOLFKH$XWRUHQXQGDSRNU\SKH6FKULIWHQ GHVIUKHQ&KULVWHQWXPV $OWNLUFKOLFKH$XWRUHQ 3VHXGR&KU\VRVWRPXV Homilia in Michaelem &OHPHQVYRQ$OH[DQGULD Paidagogos ,,,± &\SULDQYRQ.DUWKDJR De habitu virginum ,,
,UHQlXVYRQ/\RQ Demonstratio Adversus heareses 2ULJHQHV Contra Celsum ,9
7HUWXOOLDQ De idolatria De patientia
Stellenregister
$SRNU\SKH6FKULIWHQGHV IUKHQ&KULVWHQWXPV /LEHU%DUWRORPlL Staatsbibliothek Berlin, Mr. or. 1608 ,,, British Museum, Ms. or. 6804 IROE IROE±D Johannesapokryphon %*± %*± %*± %*I %*± %*± %* %*I %*± %*I %*II %*± %*± %*± %*I %*II %*± %*II %* %*± %*I %*± %*± %*± %*± %*± %*± %*± %*± %*I
%*II %*± %*± %*± %*± 1+&,, 1+&,,± 1+&,, 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,, 1+&,,II 1+&,,± 1+&,, 1+&,, 1+&,, 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,II 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,I 1+&,,II 1+&,,± 1+&,,I 1+&,,I 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,, 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,, 1+&,, 1+&,,II 1+&,,± 1+&,,± 1+&,,II 1+&,,± 1+&,,I 1+&,,II
Stellenregister
1+&,,II 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,, 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,±
1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,± 1+&,,,I 1+&,,,I 1+&,9I
*ULHFKLVFKU|PLVFKHV6FKULIWWXP 3ODWRQ Apologie F±G G G±H Nomoi D±E
Politeia E±E HI 3OXWDUFK De Iside et Osiride II
$XWRUHQUHJLVWHU $DURQ'+ $EHJJ0I $GDP- $GDPV( $KLWXY6± $LJQHU0(I $OEDQL0 $OEHUW]5 $OEUHFKW. $OEULJKW:) $OH[DQGHU36II I $OOLVRQ'&I $OWKDXV3± $OWL]HU7-- $PRUWK* $QGHUHJJ- $QGHUVHQ$ $QGHUVHQ), $QGHUVRQ*$ $QHU. $QQDFNHU8 $UJDOO5$ $UQHWK0 $VVHO+ $VVPDQQ- $XIIDKUW& $XJVW.III $XOpQ* $XQH'( $YHPDULH) $\GHHW)LVFKHU0XHOOHU( %DFKPDQQ9I %DUU- %DHN6 %DHU5$ %DLO8 %DNHU': %DOW]HU. %DPEHUJHU%- %DUWHOPXV5
%DUWK.I %DXFNKDP5- %DXNV0I %DXPDQQ*I %DXPJDUWHQ-0 %DXPJDUWQHU+0 %DXU)& %D\OH3 %HDOH*. %HFN3 %HFNHU(0 %HFNHU-± %HFNHU0 %HHQWMHV3& %HLQWNHU0 %HKP- %HNNHU% %HQGHPDQQ5Y %HUJHV8 %HUJVWUlVVHU* %HUJXQGHU0 %HUQVWHLQ0 %HUWUDQG'$ %HVFK% %HWKJH+* %H\HUOH6I± %LDQFKL8II %LWWQHU- %ODFN0 %ODNH: %OHGVRH6$ %OXP( %RDVH( %RFFDFFLQL* %|FKHU2II %|KOLJ$ %RFN' %RKDN* %RQVLUYHQ-
Autorenregister
%RXVVHW:I %RYRQ)I %R\DULQ' %UDNNH' %UDQG07I %UHQN)( %UHWW0* %UH\WHQEDFK&I %URFN63 %URHNYG5 %URQIHQ( %URRNH*- %URZQ'5 %URZQ5( %XOWPDQQ5IIII %XPD]KQRZ' %XQWD6 %XUNHUW: &DOYLQ- &DPXV$ &DUU'0 &DUUXWK6 &DVDGLR* &DVH\0 &KDUOHVZRUWK-+ I &KULVWRSKHUVHQ$ &ODUN6I &OHPHQWV5$ &REOHQW]%DXWFK. &ROOLQV-± III III &RRN- &RRN&+ &RUQHOLXV, &R[& &UDQILHOG&(% &UVHPDQQ)I 'DKPHQ8 'DLVH0$ 'DOH0 'DQ- 'DQE\+ 'DUE\(
'DXE& 'DYLG3 'DYLHV3 'DYLV07 'D[HOPOOHU& 'D\3/II 'HOFRU0I 'H7UR\HU. 'HYHU:* 'LHUNHQ- 'LOWKH\: 'LPDQW'I± 'REEV$OOVRSS):I 'RFKKRUQ-I IIIIII ±I 'RGHUHU+YI 'RQQHU+II 'RUPH\HU' 'RVWRHYVNLM)0 'RWKDQ7I 'UDZQHO+ 'ULYHU*5 'XGD0 'XKDLPH-II 'XKP+ 'XQNHO' (EQHU0 (JR% (LEDFK8 (LVHQPDQ5+ (OEHUW7 (OHUW: (OJYLQ7I (PHUWRQ-$ (PPHO6 (QGUHV-& (QJEHUJ3HGHUVHQ7I (UGOH%5 (SVWRQ' (UKR7I (VKHO(II (XFNHQ5 (XWHQHXHU0 (YDQV&$ I
Autorenregister
)DON'. )DVFKHU( )DXOGH& )HOGPHLHU5III )LFKWH-*I )LHOGV:: )LJDO* )LORUDPR* )LVFKHU*II )LVFKHU+ )LVFKHU, )LW]P\HU-$ )ODVFK. )OHGGHUPDQQ+7I )OHWFKHU/RXLV& )OLQW3II I )OXVVHU' )RHUVWHU: )R[09I )UDQFH57 )UHFKHWWH&* )UHHGPDQ'1 )UHYHO&± )UH\-±II ±I III )UH\$QWKHV+I )UH\EHUJHU- )ULHGULFK/II )U|KOLFK, I *DJQRQ5$- *DLOXV0 *DPPLH-* *DUFLD0DUWLQH]) II II *D(I *HHUDUG0 *HUKDUG- *HXOHQ(I *HRUJL' *LHV0 *LHVHQ+
*LOEHUW3HUHW]'I *LOPRXU* *LOXOD0 *LWLQ6I *OHVVPHU8 *ORHJH* *PLUNLQ5 *QLOND- *|UJ0 *RHWKH-:Y *RII0±I± ± *ROG9( *ROGHQ50 *RRGEODWW' *RRGPDQ)3 *RSSHOW/ *RUGOH\0( *|WWH0( *RXOGHU0I *UDGO+* *UDI)8 *UDI5HYHQWORZ+ *UHHQILHOG-& *UHQHW) *UHVVPDQQ+ *UHWKHU2 *ULIILWKV-* *ULPP: *U¡Q$ *XHOLFK5 *XLGL, *XQNHO+ +DDUGW5 +DGOH\-0I +DHULQJ7 +DJHU)3 +lJHUODQG7 +DKQ) +DOP+ +DQQHNHQ75 +DUNLQV$I± +lUOH:I +DUORZ'& +DUUH% +DUULQJWRQ'-±±± +DUWHQVWHLQ)I
Autorenregister
+DXEHU(' +DXVVLJ+: +DXVWHLQ- +HFNHO8 +HJHO*:)I +HJHU3 +HLGHJJHU0I +HLOLJ7 +HOPVWHGWHU5 +HPSHO& +HPSHOPDQQ5± I +HQJHO0II +HQWHQY-: +HUPV( +HUUPDQQ&I +HUUPDQQ: +HVWULQ5 +HW]HU7 +LOOHEUDQGW5 +LUVFK( +RFNHU- +RIIPDQQ(7$ +RIPDQQ-&. +RJHUWHUS$/$ +ROODW]3I +ROP1LHOVHQ6± +ROVWHQ& +ROW]PDQQ+- +RUJDQ03 +RUQ): +RUVWYG3: +RXWPDQ$ +XEHU0I +EQHU. +|OVFKHU/ +XJKHV-$I +XOVWHU,'GH +XOWJUHQ6 +XQ]LNHU5RGHZDOG5 +XQ]LQJHU&+ +XSSHQEDXHU+II +XUWDGR/: +\GH7 ,EED*I
,VUDHO-, ,ZHUVHQ- -DFNVRQ+0 -DIIHH06 -DKU+I -DPHV3 -DQRZVNL% -DQRZNVL-&K -DVSHUV. -HQQL(I -HUHPLDV- -HUYHOO- -RDV(0 -RHVW: -RQJ$GHI -RQJ0GH -RVW5 -XQJ/ .DHVWOL-' .DIWDQ- .DLVHU8 .DOPV-I .DPSHQ-±II I .DQW, .lVHPDQQ( .DXW]VFK( .D\DW]& .HH+& .HHO2III .LFN$ .LHUNHJDDUG6± .LP1 .LUFKKRII5 .LUVFKW5 .LVWHU0 .LWWHO%I .ODXFN+- .OHWWHU5I .ORSVWRFN)* .QLEE0$ .REHOVNL)- .RFK.I .|SSHQ.3 .|UWQHU8+- .RVNHQQLHPL(
Autorenregister
.RVORZVNL3 .RKOVFKHLQ) .ROOPDQQ% .RQUDGW0I .RVNHQQLHPL( .RWWVLHSHU,±I .UDIW5$ .UDJHOXQG+ROW( .UDW]5* .UDXV: .UDXVH0 .UDXVV6 .UDXWHU6 .UHX]HU6 .UROO- .URSS$0I .FKOHU0 .XHQHQ$ .RHKOHU/ .XJHO-/ .XKQ.* .YDOEHLQ+ .YDQYLJ+6 /DDWR$ /DJUDQJH0- /DKQ. /DQF]NRZVNL* /DQJ% /DQJH$II II I /DXVWHU- /D\WRQ% /HLEQL]*: /HLFKW5 /HPDLUH$ /HRQKDUGW%DO]HU- /HSSLQ9I /HVVLQJ*( /HXHQEHUJHU0I /HYDFN%3I /HYLVRQ-5I /LFKWHQEHUJHU+I /LG]EDUVNL0 /LHWDHUW3HHUEROWH/-II /LP7+ /LPEHFN0 /LQGWY3
/LQGHQEHUJHU-0 /LQGVWU|P) /RDGHU: /RJDQ$+% /RKVH(I /RVHNDP& /RXZ- /RZULH: /|ZLWK. /FNH) /SNH9I /XULD6 /XWKHU0 /XWWLNKXL]HQ*3 /X]8 0DFDVNLOO*I 0DFK0I 0DHUFNHU$I 0DKHU() 0DKHU0 0DKQNH+ 0DLHU- 0DORQH\)- 0DQQ7 0DUE|FN- 0DUFXV- 0DUNVFKLHV& 0DUWHQVHQ+/ 0DUWRQH&I 0DU[. 0DVWLQ%$ 0DVWURFLQTXH$ 0DWWKHZV&5 0F.LQOD\-0 0HKOKDXVHQ- 0HLQKROG$ 0HLHU-3 0HLHU) 0HLQHFNH) 0HLVHU0 0HOO8 0HUWHQV$ 0HUNOHLQ+ 0HU]$ 0HVKHO= 0HQHU5 0HWVR6 0HW]JHU1I
Autorenregister
0H\HU%ODQFN0I 0LFKDODN$5 0LOWRQ- 0LOLN-7I 0LOOHU3' 0LVVHWYDQGH:HJ8 0LWWPDQQ6 0LWWPDQQ5LFKHUW8 0ROWPDQQ:HQGHO( 0RUHDX$6 0RUJHQWKDOHU& 0RVFD3* 0OOHU$ 0OOHU&'* 0XQFK3$III 0QFK& 0\HUV(0I 1DJHO: 1DJHO3 1DQ]& 1HLGKDUW: 1HLU\QFN) 1HVVHOUDWK+* 1HXQHU) 1HZVRP&$II 1LFNHOVEXUJ*:(I 1LGD($ 1LHEXKU5I 1LHKU+±I 1LHOVHQ.II 1LHW]VFKH) 1LW]DQ% 1LW]VFK., 1RELV+0 1ROODQG/I 1RRLMHQ$ 1RWK0 1RWK, 2EHUKlQVOL:LGPHU*I 2¶&RQQRU0 2QXNL7 2VWHQ6DFNHQ3YGII 3DJH+5 3DJHOV(I
3DNNDOD-I 3DQQHQEHUJ: 3DUU\':I 3DXO60 3HQQHU- 3HQQHU.0 3HUYR5 3HVFK5 3HWHUVHQ$ 3HWWRUHOOL-3 3IHLIIHU+ 3KLOLSSL)$ 3LFDUG-& 3LHWVFK0I 3LQQLFN$ 3O|JHU2 3RH($ 3RNRUQ\3 3RSH0 3RSNHV((II 3RSOXW]8I 3RSRYLF0 3RUWHQ%III 3RVHU5± 3RWHVWD/ 3RWW0 3UHVV0'I 3XHFKe I 4LPURQ( 4XDDV$' 4XLVSHO*
5DWVFKRZ&+ 5HHPWVPD-3 5HHYHV-& 5HLFKHQEDFK* 5HLQPXWK( 5HPDUTXH(0± 5HQ]- 5H\-6II± 5H\QROGV%+,,,I 5LFKWHU6* 5LHGHVVHU3II 5LHJHU0± 5LOH\*-I 5LWWHU:+
Autorenregister
5LWVFKO$ 5RELQVRQ-0 5|FNHU):III 5RHKO:* 5|KULFK/ 5RLWPDQ$' 5ROLQFN( 5|OOLJ:I 5RORII- 5|PKHOG.)' 5|QVFK+ 5RSHU/ 5|VHO0 5RVHQDX+ 5RVHQ=YL,II 5RWKH5 5XGQLJ=HOW6 5JHU+3 5VHQ:HLQKROG8 5XLWHQ-7$*0YI 6 E¡0I 6DQGHUV-$ 6DQGHUVRQ-( 6DXU0 6FKlIHU3 6FKlIHU/LFKWHQEHUJHU& 6FKDWHQ6 6FKQDFNHQEXUJ5 6FKQHLGHU7) 6FKDWWQHU5LHVHU8I 6FKDXHU0 6FKHOOLQJ):-III I 6FKHQNH+0 6FKHQNH/ 6FKLIIPDQ/II 6FKLSSHU%8I 6FKOHLHUPDFKHU)'( III 6FKOlSIHU( 6FKPHOOHU7 6FKPLG++ 6FKPLG. 6FKPLG' 6FKPLWW5 6FKPLW]3 6FKQHOOH8
6FKQEEH2 6FK|SIOLQ.I 6FKRILHOG$ 6FKROHP*II 6FKROW]* 6FKRWW+ 6FKUDPP&I 6FKUHLEHU6 6FKURHU6I 6FKU|WHU0± 6FKU|WHU- 6FKOH$ 6FKXOOHU(0 6FKXOW0 6FKXOW]%I 6FKZDQNO2 6FKZDUW]'5 6FKZHPHU$0I 6FKZ|EHO& 6FULEQHU5: 6HHEHUJ5 6HHOLJ* 6HHVHPDQQ+ 6HLGOHU*+II 6HNNL$(II 6HPOHU-6I 6KDNHG6 6KD\- 6LHJHUW) 6LJLVPXQG0 6NHKDQ3: 6NM UY¡32 6PLWK%' 6PLWK06 6SDUQ: 6SHQHU3- 6SHQJOHU2 6SHUOLQJ6' 6SLHFNHUPDQQ+ 6SLW]HU& 6WDURELQVNL- 6WDQGDHUW% 6WHJHPDQQ+ 6WHJPDQQ$ 6WHLQGRUII* 6WHLQHU0 6WHLQPHLHU$0 6WHPEHUJHU* 6WHQGDKO.
Autorenregister
6WHXGHO$±I 6WRQH0( 6WRUP7 6WR\DQRY