TAMU KUHYI LULEY (Gurung Language). Volume-IV (Class-IV)

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tdp sIUopcl npnP

TAMU KUHYI LULEY (Gurung Language) Volume-IV (Class-IV)

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tdp sIUopcl npnP efu - IV

kbIdf upMpm I

TAMU KUHYI LULEY Volume IV

Prepared By : Padma Gurung

Published By:

Edition : First (2005) Total Print : 1000 copies Printed at:

II

e'ldsf jt{dfg /fHO ;/sf/sf] lbzf lgb{]zgdf l;lSsd /fHosf ljleGg efiff– efifLn] ;dfg clwsf/ / cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ gr'sfO{ o;sf] ;b'kof] ug{ ;Sg' ;DalGwt ;a} hflt ;d'bfosf] 7'nf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . ;g\ !((% df l;lSsddf /fHo :t/Lo dfGotf kfPsf efiff–efifLn] cfh ;/sf/L tf}/d} kf7zfnfx?df cWoog–cWofkgsf] cj;/ kfO{/x]sf 5g\ . o; If]qdf nfu]sf x:tLx/sf] lgM:jfy{ efjgfsf] sb/ klg ug{} kb{5 . k|:t't k':ts >L d]3/fh u?ª ‘sf]g’ 4f/f sIff # sf ljBfyL{ gfgLx?sf] lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o;df k|foM cg'lbt /rgfx? ;dfj]z 5g\ . o;y{, ljBfyL{x?sf] lglDt 1fgj4{s, p2]Zod'ns tyf pko'Qm /rgfx? g} kg{ uPsf 5g\ . l;lSsddf u'?ª -td'_ efiffsf] k'g?Tyfg / ljsf; sfo{df >L d]3/fh u'?ªsf] of]ubfg ;/fx0fLo 5 ;fy} cfpFbf lbgx?df klg hflt, efiff Pj+ ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf o:t} nf]slxtfy{ sfdx? pgLaf6 eO/xf];\ . o; lbzfkl§ nfu]sf pgsf xft / snd slxNo} gyfs'g\ eGg] sfdgf ;lxt k|:t't k':ts ljBfyL{x? ;+dIf k]z ul/G5 .

s]=aL= u'?ª ;efklt clvn l;lSsd u'?Ë -td'_ af}4 ;+3

lbgfÍM #) h'nfO{ @))% ufGtf]s, l;lSsd .

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IV

dGtJo k|:t't k';ts ‘td' SXo'O{ n'n]’ efu $ sIff rf/sf ljBfyL{x/sf] lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . k|foM /rgfx? cg'lbt ePsfn] pko''Qmtfsf] b[li6n] :jLsfo{ g} 5g\ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lzlIft t'Nofpg lzIfs lzlIfsfx?sf] k|fylds pQ/bfloTj xf] . To:t}, td' efiff cWofkgdf nfu]sf lzIfx?af6 o; efiff lzIf0fsf] lglDt s'g} s;/ afFsL /xg] 5}g eGg] ljZjf; 5 . ljsfzf]Gd'v v'8lsnfdf rl9/x]sf] efiff ePsf]n] slt 7fpF lzIfs–lzlIfsf dfem ljz]if rrf{–kl/rrf{, 5nkmn tyf ;Dks{ /fv]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 h;sf] lglDt lzIfsx? xd]zf ;Dks{df /xg'kg{] x'G5 . efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt tyf wd{ clt ;Dj]bgzLn ljifo ePsf]n] o; If]qdf nfu]sf hDd}n] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kg{]5 . cGtdf, k|:t't k':tsnfO{ oxfF;Dd NofO{k'¥ofpg dnfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofPafkt efO{ >L ?k/fh u'?ª tyf alxgL ;'>L l6gf td'k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

kb\df td'

lbgfÍ, M #) h'nfO{ @))% ufGtf]s, l;lSsd .

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tfObPa tfOa (Contents) tfObPa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

TkRna sInP dRV MPazPa tnP TifOaf kfgkPTxpM Ml aMIzP TmRcP vQObRTspbR tPghlm zPMIkf tdfzP

tPTrRO 1 2 4 7 9 12 16 20 22

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TLRna xP kVlzpM ! slnQ Hx kphof rHbldR || slcl dl slOcl ml aRO blzQb aHIbldR || TLRna ncldR ml tfgnQ tof nb || nlOU tnfOUcl TsfO zPalOaf nof nb || rpyP rpyPTzR tfg ml || slcl TLRM ndR || TrR TrRa oR rpMtlMPal slcl TzRcp kMbldR || 1

sInPdpV

TzRdfg dgfm alcp Txpn gRUMlh mfjn alcp nRUM tdp hftcl dpVzkInRa (zLpOtl TzpnIzf) dpnf || Tzpsf LpcPnvacl dPVvHlnRUcl jfdMlm cixlzRcp tTkRal dp vgl tdp hftcl sInP dpVtl dpVz ncldpnf || r aPnP HRop, sRrcPa gP dlyP dpnf || rcl sVlnl kPUnpM tfgl tdp hftnQ sVlg TtpM LolclMP yPaM dpnf || tfgnQ rUsf zROiRn kldpnf, rUsf TmRzltl TmRdpnf || 'L' gfOzcl rPtf 'hRm' alcp nRU dp rmfnl sVlnl rnIbla ndpnf || tdp sITxpclM hRm alatl nRnRU sRd, tlofOcl kVlafnwlO alcp tTkRcpO || sInP dpV zMIsfdfzMl aRzlzxM rfnl kMIvf dfzMl gfOzM Hldpnf || r zPa, EsPLlVa vRd McpMxM tfbpMlcl dpnf || vl dgfm txpngR kQMp ndIhpm, sfzIsl tgxpO, qRMIvf, tzfmhf gP kMIjt hRuR 2

nRUdcPM gl tPgRUzM iPzl agIblnvfOacl dpnf || r klVzpMzLl aPnP TsPkf yPdpnf || r tfbpMl TzRdlU dpnf || ucl tlOM dgfmM aRg eMIdcl nPO yPTifOa tacl dpnf || aRg wMId alatl TzRO - tzRObR, kVR - kVRxr, zlObp hruRnQ kVlzpM dfbLMPal kphblaf TifOncp sRd || rcl sVlnl kPUnpM tdp hftcl sVRnlm, TkPnpU, MRwlO, HRxRHP, qfOHp, zROMJ TifOHp hRuRcl gl yPa yPTifOa tcPnva dpnf || sVl dQMP sInP dpVtl mlxltTkRcpO dRM dVRcPOcl || rcl dpvHlnrUM txdp tacl, eRn -HIxpcl dpvHlnRU TdfMIaf hRuR || rcl tRcl spgIbfnl dpVvHlnRUgRUM ktI gP zRtfgcl gfObPaM kROzl - kUROa tcl || nPOrRcp yfhlmdcP hRclMPal dpVtl rp kROUa dPnIblcp aclgf gl sVl tfMpgRgld znIsltlaQ rp dl zQofn cvfO || vl cpdldcPgld cRzRO tTkROa zQOtRa, tRa hRuR cfoRgf r sVltlOcl dpVzvHlnRU klzlMl acPa tcl || tdp bftcl sInP dpV inl acPa tcPgl dpVzvHlnROcl jfdMlmdcP tlofOzRcp tTkROal dR || tdp tfMpgRgld sInP yPnQ tLofO gl TmRcP vlcp - dfcpdcP TmRcP dpV vfnP alcpMP ndR || 3

tnRTsP 1) Gaf klg : s) TzRdlg tdp hftcl cpVzkInRa vgl dpnf ? v) mfjnM vatl dPVzTsPz rnbldpnf ? u) sInP dpVcl Txpn rnbla sfclt vQkf dpnf ? q) hRm alatl tR sRd ? m) sInP dpV zMIsfdfzMl vgl rfnl kMIvfdfzMl vglHldpnf ? r) sInP dpVcl kPnpM va wMIdcl (TiffOncpcl) yPTifOa tacl dpnf ? i) sInP dpVcl tfbpMl vQkf dpnf ? h) rkRUnpcl tdpdcPcl yPTifOacl TkPnpIdcP tR - tR hf ?

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G) sInP dpVtl vQkf dRM dRVcl ? x) nlzROM sInP dpV vgl ofcl ? altfO agIblbI : hRm, mfjn , tfbpMl , dpVzvblnRU , acPa, sVlnl , kVlafnwlO, TsPkf, TzRdlU || slnfcl yf tacl tdpdcPcl yPdcP kVPb :

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MPaf zPaf tnP tPMP ml MPaf tnP tPMP ml zPaf tnP zpqM rcp rnP zpqM sRcP vlnP zQrlcp gP zafg tclMPal TxpnnQ cRzRO nnP ylxO nclO bRnP cfzla TsP nnP nP nP yPnP nP nP kVRUnP dlUyPaf tnP Txpncl zPcp nnP ||

tnRTsP s) TmRtl vQkf rcp rn tpd ? v) TmRtl Txpncl mlhlM tR nn tpd ?

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TifOaf kfgkPTxpM cfgf - np vR sldcP cfnl , cfTqR gP cfM tfg rpM vR || sltl zPacl TifOaf kfgkPTxpMcl tfObPaM mlkInl tfO nnP || tlofO vPafwlOM TifOa kfgkPTxpMc tfObPaM slV zagPkf dp || ml tfgtl kROntpd || rtzl tRsRg tofdP nclyPOnP || np cfnl alb || sltl tR MPcldR r alb || cfnl - tfOhRcp ncpg xVRzQ tfO dgP alclHlnf cft cfupcl tfO gl sVlzQgPafnR mPntpd || cfgf - TifOan, cfnl || sltl MTifOa tfO ncl tPMP cftrR alb || cfTrR - Tspcl sVl sVl yRnftl sRMl kInlxld || itzl zLltlIcl Trpsp Trpsp ThRyPa ncP gMP sVl blg nPO zRtfg td || yPa gpxl iRcpbln vfd ||

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cfgf - TifOan , cfTrR ! sltl gl aPnP TifOa tfO alcl || tPMP cfm alb || cfm - vPafwlOM klkQ vP opspMIg zQd nntpd || cfgf - cR ! cfmtl gl TsPLPcp tfO alcl || tPMP m aldTmRtl cfd - cfk nRdlUyP gPM yP-sVacl dfyPz nntpd || tfggPafnR zpOiPzlcl zQOdg yPntpd || cfnl - cfgf ! tPMP m tP sVl ald - xRzQ wlOM vaQ dlyPzlm dlU vclgdp alcP wlOgR nPOgR TdzRcp ofIclMPal rcl Exln nntpd || cfTrR - cfgf ! m gl tP sVl ald - vacl zQ MlclMPal kfcP iPazl nRUM yPntpd nfnl TsP gpcPcpnl mlgIbP TzPOalntpd || cfm - m gl tP sVl ald-vaItl TsfO TmPcP tPaln tpd || vfcP tcP Trpsp tdfzRcp zalntpd || cfgf - TifOan, cfTrR cfmdcP ! tPMP m ald cS TmRtl cfd - cfk, nRdlUyP gPM sVyPacl alzpd zPmln 8

nntpd || TmRtl xVRzQ Txpn gP xVPzl txpndlUcl mfm nfulM xVRznQ sVlbP nn vfntpd || cfm - tPMP m ald - tmRtl opspMIg sVRg kROntpd || cfnl - TmRtl opspMIg sVRtpzlcl aQa nntpd || cfTrR- TmRtl TmRcl TzRTzR TkPtifcl yPyP nntpd || cfgf - TifOan , sRndcP ! sldcPcl MPacl dpdcP || vPafwlOM ofUclMPal gl zagPkfM inlg kROcpdR || vR, tPMP kVRsp rclMPal vPafwlO ofUnP ||

tnRTsP 1) vPb rfnl alb : s) cfd - cfkgPafnR vQkf kPMp nntpd ? v) nRdlUyP gPM sVyPagPafnR vQkf kPMp nntpd ? u) TmRtl Txfn gP TxpndlUcl mfMcl nfulM tR nntpd ? q) npzRM cfgftl sRndcPnQ tR alcl ? 9

2) mLta of cfmlta : © mlta altfOcl ilcpM (√) gP cfmlta altfOcl ilcpM (×) kVPb || s) opspMIg sVRg kROa nntpd ( ) v) cfsVRtpzlcl aQOa nntpd ( ) u) vPafwlOM klkcl vP opspMIg zQd nntpd ( ) q) cfd-cfk gPM nRdlUyPcl alzpd zPmln nntpd( )

3) altfO agIblb :kfgkPTxpM , zPmln , tkPtifO , yPyP, cfsVRtpzl ||

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Ml

sRndcP ! sldcPtl wlOcl ilcp, dfcltfcl cfmlalzP tsRhEdRh Mlcl wpO vRzlalnP dVRcldR || Ml nPO nPOupMcl td || zlsIsldM mltrp nPOupMcl Ml oRdR || sldcPgIxIRMl nPOrRcp d MltL agIblkcl wlOM glHldlnol || wlOM TsRhEdRhcl kVR, dcPzpn , kMfHR, TsRzpO, nQhp Mltlg agIbldR ||

zlsIsldM Mlhl dRV nd || kgcl zlObpnkRdcP gRUMl Ml aPnP tsPLPcp zQ of || Ml rMgR slclMPal kRzRcp TsP LRd || Ml QMpclMPal ErROofd || HpUcl ofUacl nRUM Ml Mpcpnl znRU ksIsl td || Mlcl Tilmfnl TzR-TzRkQ zQdcP tofd kfMIbln vfd || wlM rxPbla vzQg zQdcP Mlcl tilMfnlg tofd ndR || kl, zpOglbl, taM , gfcpnl hRmR Mlcl 11

zQhgl of || wlOcl EtRdcP gl Mlcl GROn vfOd || wlO TsfzR sRclypcp gl Mlcl MfOMftl nd || xVgfzkrfMM Mlcl MflMftl aPt agIblMPal zldPgIHtl Tzfbld || i natl wlOcl aPt ksIsl td || Mlcl aRbsR agIblMPal wlOcl Tzpcp gl agIbld || Mlmfnl tofd tacl zQdcP TmRacl nfulM gfzkcl sVl rcpncpnRU gRUM xRntpd || np vRtPsRtfM Mlcl zlO npMlcldp || sRtfLlM HROTkP dp || sRtfcl ilcpM dl Lpcla Mlcl dlkbl dp || rlU rp spgfM TmRb bP tR dp ? nla yfO vclgdp bl ! kRU M taM dpdl gP taM Mlcl dSbp TspcpyPclMPal yPOcldR || dSbpcl aPnP nla HfU gP ip td || rf TmRb bP, vfM gl Mlcl dpdl || vfMLlM dInful yPcp rxP gP dl vPklzla zpMzpMP dpdl || sPtsfcl Etp gl dp || tPMP kQvol TmRn{ ! dpMfM cfgf spMlcl dp || r Mlcl dnIsp MRMlcldp || Tsfcl opcl ilcpM ml sRndcP kfn gP MlEsP agIblMlgdp || iRLlM sVlg dlU dP TmRclg tlgdP agIblMlgdp || ipdcPcl wlOM rxPbla nQhp zQdcP 12

Ml gP Mlcl ilUmfnl tofd kfMIbldR || cfTxpnM Mlcl tPgl nPO TsPLPcp gO dfcpgl zQdcP agIbldR || Mlmfnl LPkVlyP spOzl sRcP TrRa TrROhpM , oLspMlz , rRtf oRtl nfaf vQOTkfO ilVtRt TifOa spzl hRuR zQdcP agIblMPal rdcP cfTxpnM rpcpMf klkld || tPMP mldcP gl Mlcl hPcp hQdcP agIblcp npnP ||

tnRTsP 1) vpb rfnl kVPb :s) Mlmfnl tR tR zQ agIbldR ? v) Mltl dlUnQ tnP LQbl nd ? u) Mlcl vROoRb kfOnURmfnl agIblaf zQcl dl kVPb || 2) roclMPal kVlb :s) kl, zpOclbl hRuR MRcpM tR tR nntpd ? 13

v) kpn , MlEsP vQnl agIbln tpd ? u) Mlmfnl agIblcp vPkVlyP spOzl of ofspMlz vQnl agIbln vfd ? q) slnfcl Mlcl Tilcl spzl agIbln klOcl gMP vQnl MRd ? M) Mlcl Tulmfnl agIblgf zQdcPcl dl kVPb ||

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aMIzP sRnRdcP ! zlsIsd efMtcl ml Trpml TzR dVPh of || rp dRV h aPnP TifOa gP ipaf dp || rpcl jfMfmzl TmRcpM txfn - cfTxpn - mfnl nPO MRmMldcP rpM nlOU MzQ vfcpMP nd || rpMkQ afMfm nRUdcPM aMIzP gl sVl of || Ml rp vPM aMIhPcl tfObPaM vPadR || rP vgL dp zPcp dR || aMIzP zlsIsld dRVhcl gRU HRUM kMIbld || rpMkQ sVxR vPkVlwlO uPhlmM dp || rM ofUcpg hPgIt-f dcl hfmvp vPawlOcl ilcpcl TsfO sfclMPal kVn tpd || hpuptl tfcl sVxPcp nlcl Tzpsf zfmvp aQbIw sxRclaR dp || rM trRa gfOz dp || r gfOznQ yRcl cpxlM ofUcpg Mpa kgnR dp || r kgnRmfnl dfcl TmRcpg gfOzcl TrRcp wlOdcP dVRdR || r TsfOmfnl ofUcpg TsfOM mlrRcp kVRdcl gl dR || r kVRilcpcl nlUmfnl mIoRcpgf dfcl bPgItfd, zfmvp, vfgIap, dfmdpm , Mqp gP jmtPg gfOzdcP dRVdR || rp dlTzf aPnP TifOa dp || rmfnl cpxlM ofUcpg mlrRcp TsfO dR || sVl 15

TsfO ofUcP zRbfzRb aMIzP LPd cfup TsfO ofUcP apMlvRk FfOM LPclMPal aMIzP GMItlntpd ||

aMIzPnQ 'kRMlHU gf' cfmlalzP kRMlHUcl kgnR alcP td || mRrUzRO nRgpM cRnIul kRMlHU kMIblcpg r iptifO bRnPg ipa td || rp kRMlHU gfOM sVl tfOklyPblO gl dp || tfOkl yPblcl ilcpM sVl Tufcpn dp || r Tufcpncl TsfzRdfzR uS-Mdltl npaQ kbIdcP dR || upMkQ ilcpM sVl gfHl dp, rnQ sfyPcl yPcp sfMf agIblclcp || vatl kRMlHUcl wpdcPcl dfhM cfup jfMfmtl yRcpblcldp || rM LPglcpnl zQO aPnP tRa td || r jfMfM dlTzfnQ TmRcpM nPO Txfncl, cftxpncl MRmMldcP vdR || rM vPafsRnIdQ ubPm gfOzcl dlUdcPcl gl jlcljlcl nRbld || kgTzpsR ucpMf dlUdcP 16

MPqRmfnl aMIzP vdR nfnl bgfd dfbld || aMzP zlsIsldcl sVl aPnP jfMfm nRU of || rpMkQ jfMfmzlcl tf-O tln nclMPal vfOTzRM cfMP || dlUdcP zlsIsldnQ "clg-I bIsln" gl aldR || clgIbVsLn alkcl clgIbV kVlzPMcl hRm alkcl of ||

tnRTsP 1) wfM tfOhcl dQbP :MRmMl - tsfOkV, Txpn cfTxpn Tdfa || jfMfmzl - ipa, TifOa || cfTxpn - cfupcl Txpn, cgfcl nRUgl || tfObPa - cfupcl Txpn, cgfgl nRUgl || HRU - kfOnRU, vglmfnl slViROhcl TsPbRm td || gfO - sPUkpgf, nM zlOwpnkRtl cpacl ||

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tfOkl yPblO - dlUdcP ofUcpMPal dQzM HlaQ mlhlM agIblacl wlO || cMfcp wlO || uS - Mdl - ylxOcl zMfmfnl rnbla tzQh cfmlalzP kbI || sfMf - Tsp ypgIblkcp mlhlM sRclacl sfMf || dlTzf - cShRmoR || clgIbVsln - clgIbVcl hRm || 2) klkcl TmRacl Gaf kVPbl :s) zlsIsld vQtkROcp dp ? v) zlsIsldcl dltzf TmRcpM MRmMldcP vvgOmfnl vdR ? u) aMzPcl kgnRmfnl mIoRcpgl va-va gfOzdcP dRVdR ? q) aMIzP zlsIsldcl vgl HRUM dp ? m) aMIzPM dlUdcPcl jlcljlcl tnP nRbld ? 18

3) dfcl klkcl tfOdcP altfOM rzlt nb :mlTrp,ltzR , nRUdcPM , vaf, rcpMf , clgIbVsln || 4) sRxRtP nRU aMIblbI :v) zlsIsld efMtcl .................... dRVh of || v) rpMkQ ................ aMIzP gl sVl jfMfm nRU of || u) kgTzpsR .............. vRafsRnQI gP gfOzyP rpM .............. ndR || q) zlsIsldnQ ........................ gl aldR || 5) slnQ vRacl nRUcl tfObPaM Trp thm wlOmfnl kVPclMP eRcpbP || 6) zlsIsldcl gIzln nRUdcPcl mRhlg dfg nclMPal xpzlM yPg || 19

TmRcP vQObRTspbR mlnQ zRkPUn nPO zQcl cfMPcfta kMIbld || rp cfMPcftanQ zlOwpnkRtl tMf ncpM yPa nRUa ncldp || mltl rcp Tmfn HfU - Hp Llslzl , sRcPHpn hRuR zQdcP rpgmfnl oRdR || wlOM rxlnla vPkVlyP, sRcPyP, spOzQ hfuR hQgld zlOwpnkRdcPmfnl g oRdR ||

dlUdcPtl bRnP TvRtR-TdpnQ gl zlOwpnkRM g am nntpd || tfg Tdptl wp - klMjf gP zlOwpnkRmfnl g xVRzQ rcp oRdR || kgnRtl TmRcP vQObRTspbR jfMfm gP 20

tfMTifO yPd || TmRcP yPTzRO - TzRObR Tufcpn MfxnQ qfMIblmfnl zSaldR || zlOwp dpacl nROUa HRUcl cfof || kgnRtl vQOnQ tfMTifO yPcpM gl nRUa nd || mltl gl xVR-xVRzQ znRUM nPO vfncl klMa Mpclntpd || zlOwpnkRtl g ml mlnQ rPUbla EdP gl oRdR || itzl gfOz xVgfOz gP TsfOcl ilcRiPcp klMa MpclnP rfnl TmR dRVh gP TxpnnQ jfMfm nnP || zQOd yPnP zlOwpnkR, vQO -Tsp, dlU, tpil - tdp, znRU rfnl rpdcP dfhcl mlta tfntpn g vQObRTspbR of || itzl, TmR vQObRTspbRnQ zRapM TmRcP yPa sMItkl of || tnRTsP 1) zQOd yPcp tfO :s) dlUdcPtl sRcP rcpzQ zlOwpnkRmfnl oRdR || v) tpil-Tdp gl xVRzQ rcpcl mlhlM zlOwpnkRM g am ndR || 21

u) wlOcl nPLhRcp zQgld zlOwpcl zlmclnl agIblagl tdR || q) kg - kgnRtl zQObRTspbRnQ zpqM yPd || m) vQOnQ gl kgnRtl zpqM yPd ybPm gfop gl nRUa nd || r) mltl TxpnM klmTufa ecpM zlOwp Mpcln tpd || i) zpOwpnkR, vQO Tsp , zfnRU dlU gP tpilTdp slVcl cfupcl mlta tpnnQ vQObRTspbR aldp || 2) qfM tfOhcl dQbP :zRkPUn - zRa dpMlacl tlU || zQ - zQgld, rPUbla tfO || cfMPcfta - vfr, mtfM , uR || nRUa - zMf , amlta || vQOgTsp - kInlabP dpMlacl zQ TqRcp Hpa || Tufcpn - tspcl yPvpnl - Mfx || 22

Mfx - yPvpnl , gfHl vQObRTspbR - zlOwpnkR vQO, Tsp, dlU, tpil Tdp, znRU rfnl rpdcPcl mlta tfntpn taQ kPUbl of klxlMbR || 3) sRxRtP nRU aMIblb :zQ , cfMPcftanQ, HfU-bp, am, kgnRt, kInlabP s) mlnQ zRkRUnpM nPO ................... cfMPcfta kMIbld || v) TGfOcp .................. zlOwpnRtl tMf ncpM nRUa nacl dp || u) mltl raf .................. gl rp zpOwpnkR mfnl oRdR || q) tpil - Tdptl gl zlOwpnkRM g ................. nntpd || m) ............ tmRcP vQOgTspnQ gl tfMTifO yPd || 23

u) ................... klMj MpclMPal TmRcP dRVh gP TxpnnQ jfMfm nnP || 4) dfcl klkQ TMPacl Gaf kVPb :s) mltl zlOwpmfnl tR oRdR ? v) TmRcP vlcp sRcP-Hpn mltl tRmfnl oRdR ? u) tpil-Tdptl tl va zQM am nnltpd ? q) TmRcP Tspcl zpOnRUdcP vQnl qfMtldR ? m) vQOnQ tfMTifO yPcpM gP gfOopM tRtl nRUa nd ? r) vQO bRTspbR alcp tR hf ? i) TmRcP vQbRTspbR tfMTifO dp jf ?

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h) TmRcP vQObRTspbR gRxRaf va-va dR ? zPcp hu kVPb || 5) slcl vPafwlO TsfzRdfzR oRa zlOwpcl dl kVPb || 6) klkQ tfOhnQ altfOM rhlt nb :zRkRUn, vfOh, nRUa, vQOgTsp, Tufcpn, Mfx || 7) zlOmfnl agIblacl TrpLpO nQn dl kVPb || 8) vaQ sVl klMjcl mRhlg wlOmfnl agIblMP eRcp || 9) vQObRTspbRcl mRhlg agIblMP eRcp ||

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tlghlm zlMIkf stfzpM vInlOtl cpOkcl gpaf - dRaf nPO kVRbR dR || rpg stfzfM Txptfcl tfzlegIbf gpaf kVRbR dfcpgIH cPeMPzIb dp || r tlaIat gP gPkfncl dfhM kMIbld || rp kVRbRcl gRkf 29028 LlH dp || kVlxl sIUopclM rpnQ zuMdfyf aldp || rp kVRbRM tfzlegIbf cRzRO tPghlm zPMIkf gP cPFdgIF xlnPML sVPxlnf ||

gPkfncl nRUm nRUM zRnpvdIap alcp sVl HRU dp || vgl yfdl dln sVl gIfOz dp || rg gfOzM kPn 1914 nlOUM tPghlm zPMIkf Llacl dpnf || rcl cfd - cfk sItnfOa dVPnzcP dpnf || kMfdRMR gl yPaf dpnf || cfmPOcfTrRO cfm nclMPal tPghlmdcP dfg trpzROrRcp 26

dpnf || sITnfOa tclMPgl gl tPghlm aPnP tsPalnPbl dpnf || r kPUnpM yfdl gfzM vPafwlO cfMPnf || vPanQ MPOqRcl cfupm gfzM ofntpdpnf || tRcl yPa tanl gPghlm vPcpM ofcl || bP slV tlOcl trRa afb ng rtl nRkfdlcl kInfa rcl || r tgf tPghlm gfOz clvcl || rtl vPa gl klofcl || tPghlmnQ TrROagR kVRxR-kVRbR vRdpnf || vlcl gzcl TsfzRdfzR tacl kVRxRdcP TmRcP r LlM sVsPxl kInlabP TmRcp MfM rnQ mfdpnf || tPghlm Trpul-trpkVP nlOUn tclMPnl sfJdgtIFp ofUcl || rM zPMIkf sPUTrRdcPgP rcl tRUcp tcl || r sPUTrRdcP kVRsVPdcPcl tlxl gRzl gpaf -gPaf kVRxR - kVRbRM LPdpnf || rp dVRcl tPghlmnQ gl stfzp sVPxlcp MfM tcl || kPn 1932 nlOUM bRMIhlnlmM stfzp sVxlcpM ofUcp sRUTrRdcPcl ymmf tMlnf || rp ylzl tPghlm ypdcPgPafnR bRMIhPnlm vcl || bP kVRxR sVPxlcp kfg cfMP afclMP rnQ cfslO ||rR tfOtl tPghlmnQ aPnP tp nSblcl || r bRMIhlnlmMg Hlcl tlxl gRa, oRslUzl rPUcp TsP ncp ncp nRbl || nlhrM kPn 1935 Ml stfzp 27

sVPxlcpM ofUcp sVl dlUtfMITuf - nspM rtL zPMIkf sPUTrRcl TsP oRcl ||

tPghlm HfUnTrfO gP eROa dpnf || r opspMIg cfupnQ nRUa dpnf || stpzpM gl rnQ zRMIdp - tszQ ctzfdpnf || raPnP dPnIblcpMl gP gRhlM kVRsVP dpnf || rpg kfgzldcPtl ngf r tfgcl vRTafO dpnf || kPn 1953 zfncl cPeMPzIH sVPxlcp rvpMM gl ifgblcl || tPghlm rfnl xlnPMl zuMdfyfcl rRM LPcl || rdcPtl dl sdIblcl, kInfxl gl sdblcl, Txpn-cfTxpnmfnl EzR - EzR bPtzp oRcl || zfuMdfyf of dfcpgIH cPeMpzIH bRa nclnl tPghlm zPMIkfcl zQOgROzltl bRMIhlnlmM - 'xldfnog dfcpgIHPgloMlm clgIzHPTrpb' dlcl sVl irOh vRnIblcl || 28

vgl kVRxR kVRbR, opd gP stfzp sVPxla npbPd klcldp || tPghlm zpMIkf rp iROhcl cRzRO nRkf dpnf || rcl wlO sfuGRMfMl dp || tPghlm zPMIkftl 9 dcl 1986 zfnM rp TxptfnQ jfyPcl || r TxptfM cfMPnQ bPgl rcl dl dpMlm dp || rcl rUdfnf hfdInlm gRMImP gl kVRsVP g of || r gl xVRzQO cfk bRnP dcl 1996 Ml zuMdfyf sVPxlcpM iPzl tcl || inlg nPOupMtl cPFdgIF xlnPMlcl rU klHM xlnPMl gl kPn 1990 zfnM zuMdfyf HRa tcl ||

tnRTsP qfM tfOhcl dQbP:stfzp - vInlOtl cpOkQ kVRxR - kVRbR || stfzp - zfOb, vaQ ml of ml egIbf nPO TzR TzRnRU TzRnRU tRacl nRU || 29

dRVnzcP - dVRtRTsptR naQ, dVROTsP || TsPrlkfal - nfOTsPnaf, vaQ tfO zQOGROzl nclMPal naf || sPUTrR - tlxl gRaf || kVRsVP - kVrbR sVPxla || zQOGROzl - bPxld, vaQ tsP tMf nanQ r TsP uMlMl na || dpMlm - zROoRg czla, zRclgfHlMla ||

1) Gaf klg :s) stfzpM vQ - vQTkROcp kVRbR dR ? v) Txptfcl tfzlegIgf gpaf kVRbR vgl kMIbldl ? rpcl kVlml gP sIUopcltfMiTuf dl tr hf ? u) tPghlm zPMIkfcl Llk vglM rfnl vROoR tacl dRnf q) cPFdgIF xlnPMlcl rU va hf ? r va 30

zfnM dfcpgIH cPeMPzIH sVPcl ? m) tPghlM zPMIkf vQnl bRMIhPnlm LPvcl ? bRMIhPnlmM rtl vQnl zRkURn yRcl ? u) tPghlm zPMIkf vQtkROcp kVRsVP dpnf ? r tnP tfgcl vRTafO dpnf ?

2) sRxRtP nRU aMIblb :s) ..................... tlaIat gP ................ gpnpM kMIbld || v) tPghlm zpMIkfcl .................. gPkfnQ ................ gfzM zfnM tacl dpnf || u) zPMIkf sRUtuRdcP .................. tlxl gRzl ........ .............. kVRxR-kVRbRM ........................ || q) ...................... kVRxR-kVRbR .................. stfzp 31

...................... npbPd klcldP || 3) altfO agIblb :stfzp , zuMdfyf, dRVnzcP, kVRbR, kVRsVP, dpMlml gfOz || 4) slnQ zQOd tacl xVRzQO dVPh gRUcl TzR-TzR TzRO, TzRObP gP kVRxR - kVRbRcl dl kVPb || 5) TzRTzR ofMf - ofMfhRmfnl kVPxR - kVRbRcl MRhRgdcP dfg nQ svl kVlUyPM zhblb ||

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tdfzl tdfzP tjf tfTkROa Tdp v tzf-cPzlofnl txpn rlg, aMIdf, efMt rfnl gPkfnM oRd || efMtnlOUM rp tdp vzRzzl Tzf stfzp dVRh zlsIsldM oRd || zlsIsldM ml nfOupMcl tdfzP oRd || yPa vfncl tdfzP rlg gP nRUm aMIdfM oRd || trRa vfncl tdfzP, v cRnITuf MxfcpOcl td, gPkfn, efMt, rlg rfnl aMIdfM oRd || rp zlsIsld dVRhcl sVL 'nfxfMlzP-TdP' (zIHPH cPgldn) of || cRnITuf tdfzP 5000 LlHegIgf gpaf kgnRM txPkVR kgnRM oRd || rpcl rlcp TrRa v ml LlH hu MlOTur gP nRkp nRkp tacl dP, v rlcpegIgf 2/3 kVkf hu MlOTuR td || rpcl sV HnInf, JfM gLP gP Mlbp knl td || rpcl knlcl kInR gmTsf apcltl cpOkcl td ||rpcl MxfcpO tfMTifO qxl tTkROa LzVQ gP tifnIblcp Tdfkcl dP td, nlkR gP dfclk dtl tfMITuf gP dlxlcl hpuptl LlgR zpOzRcp JfM cRnITuf TzfM td || 33

tdfzP rpvM Tdp of || clOclbl MRd gP dQzM TdfkVPcp nd || rptl rcl nrkp tacl dPtl sVnQ kPUMtlMP zlObpcl tfclk HtnM vfnRUzlM MRcp vRd cfmlalzp rp sVl HfnM rcl sV, sp gP kInl knlcl dfhM clalMzl gPhpM nd || ztpmdcPcl glaM gl rpcl mPTzR zlOwpg of ||

tdfzP zhlngPafnR zlOwpM sVPd tnlalzP rpcl knlMkcl oRMl aPnP TdRntlcp, MPTzR, qVlhpt, Tdfkcl gP gjfMcl tTkROcp oRTsp tcptclMPal rpnQ clgIbRMttl zpOwpcl Hfn sfcpM nRUa nd || tdfzPcl z eROaf tdR rfnl rptl EzROcP nfulM ilbpMlMPnITuR, il rbPm zlOwpmfnl tlcPkcl slsPzLlM aMIkf nntpd || EzROcPcl xlzcptl rpnQ oRblsbl Tdp 34

aln vfOd bP vRoR kPUnp rptl knf-kpnpO rbPM kpnpOdcPcl LpO gl rd || tdfzPcP dQzfM zlOwpmfnl hMIbldR gP znRUM racl aclcR || inl racl acPcpMf kVxPcpg rdcP ml tclMPal cfmlalzP sRnsRnfdcP tfg kMfdRMR sVlsfnl tclMPal kVxPdR || rdcPcl zpxlOaf-eRObl, dRVcp rbPm ylaf erObl rRcpg yPtifOazl ctf || tdfzPcP glUblMfM tfO ncpg Trpsptl vPzlnl ndR gP v-va kUPnpM rMIspnl kRcpg rdcPcl scP gdPcl scP tTkROcp yld || rdcPtl kVxPcpg TsfOM kInRsRm agIblkcl rbPm yPhp yfO kldR vatl nlcltcPacl yPnQ TsfO nlclafa tPbPn kld || vzQzzl rdcP TzRnlg Hlcp vRdR || rpcl srnRdcP dfMIrckVPn dRgIbpM LldP || r TrRa tdfzPdcPnQ tltl hu cfd - cfktl mRcpgRcpnl rdcP TzRnl HldR || znldfOMttl tdf zPtl tlcpnPM mlLpO kzldcP LldR || tdfzPnQ zhlngPafnR gxnvfOd rfnl rpnQ aPnPg mlagl - Tdp nnvfOd || 35

tnRTsP qfM tfOhcl dQbP :nfxpMlzP - cfTxpnM oRa, cfupxpn zRMRm || TxPkVR - FfOMsfM tacl || rpvM - dQzM Tdfcp ncp || vfnRUzlM - HnInf tclMPal || gPhpM ncp - cMfcp ncp waf || ilbpMl - il , nkR of zlOwp - bpMldcP || racl - ra zQ || oRblsbl - il, nkR of slslzl dfg rd, TzP cfraf ||

1) dfclkcl TmpadcPcl mlta Gaf kVPb :s) tdfzP vgl-vgl nRUgldcPMl oRd ? 36

v) rp Tdp vQTkROcp nRUM Hld ? u) tdfzP rlcp mRhR MlOTuR td ? q) rp Tdptl gPhpM vQnl nd ? m) rptl sVxR Mttl tR rd ? r) tdfzPtl tlcpnPM mRhR rRcp kzl Lld ? 2. dfclkcl tfOhdcPnQ xVRzQO altfOM rzlt nbI :nfxpMlnP, kgnR, rlcp, qzl , Tdfcp, gla, kzl , racl 3. dfclkcl tfOhdcPcl cRml (alkMlt) tfOh kVPb:yPa, rpvM , MRa, tfclk, ztpM , dQz || 4. slnQ vRacl mfLpO wlOM gxacl rfnl mfLpO kgfM TgRtRdcPcl dl kVPb || 5. zlsIsld dRVhM oRa tdfzlO gP vQTzR tpilgpilcl mRhlgdcP vpbI nbI || 37

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