TAMU KUHYI LULEY (Gurung Language). Volume-III (Class-III)

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tdp sIUopcl npnP

TAMU KUHYI LULEY (Gurung Language) Volume-III (Class-III)

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tdp sIUopcl npnP TAMU KUHYI LULEY (Gurung Language)

Volume - III(Class-III)

Prepared By Megraj Gurung 'Kon' Padma Gurung

Published By: Human resource Development Department, Government of Sikkim, Gangtok. I

TAMU KUHYI LULEY Volume III

Prepared By : Human Resource Development Department Government of Sikkim, Gangtok

First Edition - 2003 Second Edition - 2005 Copy Right - 'kon'

Reprint - 2013 Published on behalf of the Human Resource Development Department, Government of Sikkim and Printed by Jana Pakshyan Prakashan-7, Super Market, Gangtok, at Systematic Designer and Printer Pvt.Ltd. Siliguri.

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e'ldsf jt{dfg /fHo ;/sf/sf] lbzf lgb}zgdf l;lSsd /fHosf ljleGg efiff– efifLn] ;dfg clwsf/ / cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/ gr'sfO{ o;sf] ;b'kof] ug{ ;Sg' ;DalGwt ;a} hflt ;d'bfosf] 7'nf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . ;g\ !((% df l;lSsddf /fHo :t/Lo dfGotf kfPsf efiff–efifLn] cfh ;/sf/L tf}/d} kf7zfnfx?df cWoog–cWofkgsf] cj;/ kfO{/x]sf 5g\ . o; If]qdf nfu]sf x:tLx/sf] lgM:jfy{ efjgfsf] sb/ klg ug{} kb{5 . k|:t't k':ts >L d]3/fh u?ª ‘sf]g’ 4f/f sIff # sf ljBfyL{ gfgLx?sf] lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o;df k|foM cg'lbt /rgfx? ;dfj]z 5g\ . o;y{, ljBfyL{x?sf] lglDt 1fgj4{s, p2]Zod'ns tyf pko'Qm /rgfx? g} kg{ uPsf 5g\ . l;lSsddf u'?ª -td'_ efiffsf] k'g?Tyfg / ljsf; sfo{df >L d]3/fh u'?ªsf] of]ubfg ;/fx0fLo 5 ;fy} cfpFbf lbgx?df klg hflt, efiff Pj+ ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf o:t} nf]slxtfy{ sfdx? pgLaf6 eO/xf];\ . o; lbzfkl§ nfu] sf pgsf xft / snd slxNo} gyfs'g\ eGg] sfdgf ;lxt k|:t't k':ts ljBfyL{x? ;+dIf k]z ul/G5 .

s]=aL= u'?ª ;efklt clvn l;lSsd u'?Ë -td'_ af}4 ;+3

lbgfÍM !) cu:t @))% ufGtf]s, l;lSsd .

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cfˆgf] egfO{ k|:t't k':ts ætd' SXo'O{ n'n]Æ sIff # sf laBfyL{x?sf] lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . k':tsdf ;dfj]lzt ;j} /rgfx? ljBfyL{x?sf] lglDt 1fga4{s cf} pko'Qm 7xl/g]5g\ eGg] 7fg] sf] 5' . l;lSsddf u'?ª efiffsf] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] sdL 5 . o;y{, o; efiffsf lzIfsx?n] clt g} kl/>d cf} d]xgt ug{'kg{]5 . k';tsdf ‘tnf]So]’ cGtu{t cWof;x? lbOPsf 5g\ . To;afx]s klg lzIfsx?n] cfˆgf] kf/fn] cWof;x? lbP/ kf7nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg ;Sg]5g\ . cGtdf, k|:t't k':tsnfO{ o; ?k lbgsf nfuL dnfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofafkt >LdtL kb\df td' / l6gf td'k|tL cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . d]3/fh u'?ª ‘sf]g’ l;lSsd ljwfg ;ef ;lrjfno

lbgfÍ, M @%.)(.@))% ufGtf]s, l;lSsd .

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tfObPa tfOa (Contents) tfObPa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

TkRna blg, zt gP spgbf zpclbl bPatl ald vPasRndQn alaf tP epMIM ofsp slV dopO kInPsp zlbpO nkR eRa gP HfUnTipO aldn TmRcP LPnR TsPrlkfacl slsP mlhlofcp tldl

tPTrRO 1 2 4 7 9 12 16 20 22 25 29 31 34 VI

TLRna xP kVlzpM ! slnQ Hx kphof rHbldR || slcl dl slOcl ml aRO blzQb aHIbldR || TLRna ncldR ml tfgnQ tof nb || nlOU tnfOUcl TsfO zPalOaf nof nb || rpyP rpyPTzR tfg ml || slcl TLRM ndR || TrR TrRa oR rpMtlMPal slcl TzRcp kMbldR || 1

blg, zt gP spgbf HpTrp dlgHcl sVl tzROMf td || mlTrpkInl tzROMfcl sVl blg td || ul blgcl ztMl td || ztnQ xfcptf gl aldp || ul blgcl dl of-nfblg, Mlxblg, dpblg, zfblg, zlblg, sVxRblg, gP zMbRblg || ztmln sVl MRzPOn td || MRzPOn mlrRcp tdR || sVlzIgksIi gP zpsInksIi || rp ml MRzPOncl slV spgIbf td || slV spgIbfM kInl zt cfmlalTzP zROTrp blg tdR || Trpml spgbfcl sVl nlOU td || r Trpml spgIbfcl dl rp nPupM dR aQzfv TzPhzIH, cfzfF, zfjg, ebS, cfz-I jlg, sfMItls, dmIuzlM, kpz, dfq, LfnIupg, rQt || tnRTsP 1) altfO agIblb :slV, ul, mlTrpkInl, zROTrp, HpTrp || 2

2) sRxRtP nRU aMblb :s) mlx blg .................... zlblg || v) zlblg ..................... zMIbRblg ........... ||

3) slVclnl sVl dPUnblMPal kVPb :cfzfF, ThPzIJ, cfzIjlg, kpz, dfq, aQzfv, rQt, sfMtls, LfnIupg, dmIuzlM zlcpg, ebS ||

4) sRVg cl TzpM :s) ul blgcl ztMl td ( ) v) mlx blgcl cRzROMk blg zfblg td ( ) u) HpTrp dlgHcl sVl blg td ( )

5) Gaf klg :s) slV TzROMfM mRhR dlgH td ? v) ml MRzPOncl dl tR tR hf ? u) zMbR blgcl nlclk blgnQ tR aldp ? q) Trpml spgbfcl dl tR tR hf ?

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zpclbl zpclbl tfgtl dRVcl dR || rp kgnRM oRd || rpnQ wfOM gl vfOd || zpclbl yPa vpMnQ tpU aldR || zpclbl bfOa epz;t gl oRd || tlOgRcp epzptMg zpclbl bfOdR || zpclbl xpnM kVd || spOcpg EvfOnf agblMPal spd || rptl Hxcl Mz qfOUd || r Mzmfnl zpclbltl vpb agbld || vpb nlOaf gP kRzln td || rp gl of vpbwlOcl dQg agIbld ||

zpclblcl TipxpM zRO kfOnRU tdR || r of sV spO gP L || zpclbl kInl rRTzRcl tdR tdR || r rp nPupM dR - kVRzpclbl, 4

bROMl zpclbl gP wlOzpclbl || kVR zpclbltl nP vpb agbld || rp aPnP MlzfrRO td || rptl nfxfzl nfxfzl rld || zpnQ bnfO cvfO zlOzpclbl gl kVR zpclbl bRnP td || rpnQ gl dlUtl cbfO || bROMl zpclbl bRMl egIg TrRaf td || rptl zpuftl vpb agIbld || rpnQ cbfO || wlOzpclbltl nPg vpb agIbld || rpnQ bfOcpMf zhln td || itzl dlUtl wlOzpclblg vOdR || slV EvfOnfM nP zpclbl HldR || rM sVl dpOVTzR td || rpnQ dVpOTzp aldR || vaQ gftR zpclbl gl tdR || rp kInPsp tdR || cfup tfgnPTsPzl tdR || vpbwlO aglblaf gl vpb kfMblaf TsP nPTsPzl zpclbltl ndR || tfOhcl dQbP tlgRcp = tPn tlofO || xpn =nP, jpcljpcl || EvfOnf = nP sVlLlM sVl dPUnblMP HlaQ, rR || kRzln = TrpxpM eRO nRbla || vPbwlO = zpclbltl agIblacl rcl wlO || dQg = vpbwlO TqpclMPal agIblacl zQ || MlzrRO = nP Mlzvaf || nPTsPzl = TsP na || 5

1)

altfO agIblb :tpU, tlgRcl, zhln, EvlOnf ||

2)

sRclMPal kVPb :s) bfOa = bfOdR, bfOdp || v) ifOUa = ....................... || u) kVa = ........................ ||

3)

Ga bklg :s) zpclbl tnP HxHxM Tdfd ? v) zpclblgl TrpxpM mRhR kfOnRU tdR ? u) kVRzpclbl tnP bfOnf cfvfO ? q) dlUtl wlOzpclbl tnP bfOdR ? m) nPTsPzl zpclbltl tR ndR ?

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bPatl ald m bla of, vPb sRnRdcP MnQ tlcpnP vPalg MPcpdp TifOa nOPUcl tfO slVzQO klOclMPal mPalg || s, v, u, q, ifxM rpMIbl c, cf, cl dcP gl rMl GROcl mnQ kVPcl kVlcpdcltl slcl blzQa aHblcpnQ || mcl cRMg cRMgdcPMl nPOUcl yPa vfg dp || opUtfOcl sVRg tfO kROa mcl xROz kfg dp itzl, m bPa of vPb sRnRdcP mnQ tlcpnP vPalg || 7

tfOhcl dQbP

nOPU = blzQa || vfg = stlalnQ tRclhl nROU || sVRg = sRVtpzl ||

tnRTsP 1) altfO agIblv :bPa, cRMg, ilg, GRn, blzQa || 2) sVRg cl TzpM :s) bPaM nPOUcl tfO tdR () v) bPaM nPOUcl vfg td ( ) u) bPaM tzpM tfO tdR () 3) Gaf klg :s) bPa tnP tnP vPn tpd ? v) nPOcl tfO vgl oRd ? u) nPOUxl tcpM tR nntpd ?

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vPasRnIdQn alaf mcl dl zps dfof of || m zROzRO xpzlM vPd || rp xpzlM ml zROTrpg dRO (dlUzROTrp) || r gRUM Trpmfg (dlUTrpmf) rpyP dR || ml nRkfdlUyPcl vRTaf dR || vP vP vldlMP ml sVzSO klOdR || vPacl vP uRbldR || TmRcP kVPa jfMfm td || mltl klkcl Gaf mlta td ||

kVlUyPM vgQ gl yRkcl iS cfMP || mlgPafnR tfgg tROa dR || ml TrROhvPawlO vPdR || rpM mfzR xpzlzRcp vPa td || rpM zROg (dlUzRO) nRkfTzR gP mfg (dlUmf) nRkfdlU taftd || 9

vPawlOM ml kVf mlTrp vRasRnIdQ dR || ml zpqM sRcPHpn vldR || TmRcP sVxR TsP bQUgPafnR vaf of || vPacl vP sRntpd || mltl TifOa ifxMMl Gaf kVlntpd rp tfg TmRcP sVxR TsP of || vPa gP kVPa kFxlcp ml oRcl TsP npdR || ml nRUabR gP ndR || rp kfxlcp ml TifOa kFgkPxpM npdR || ml tlgp sVlyL gP TifOJldcl vP npdR || tfOhcl dQbP mlzRO = cRzRO nlclacl || gRUMl = nPcl dfhM || bQU = sVlvR sVlzQO || qRbla = vPclMPal vfcfzRcp na || jfMfm = TifOa || sVxR = vfz || vPasRnIdQ = rpyP, rpyPTzR vPcpdQ || slVyl = tfg sVl ta || TifOJld = Jld zPmln || 10

tnRTsP 1) vRva nb :mlz, Trpmf, vPdlMP, TrROhvPawlO, vPasRnIdQ sVxR, tlgp, nRkfTzR, mlTrp || 2) altfO agIblb :vP, nRUkfdlU, kVlUyP, zRO, zpqM || 3) sRxRtP nR aMIblb :s) ml ........................... vRTa dR || v) mltl ............. Gaf .................. td || u) ml zpqM ................................... vldR || q) rp kfxlcp ml TifOa .............. npdR || 4) Gaf klg :s) slcl dl tR hf ? v) slcl vPawlOcl dl tR zf ? u) sl va xpzlM vPclgdR ? q) vPasrnIdQcl sVxr TsP tR tR hf ? 11

tP efMIM TzRdkcl tfO of || vaQ opUnM sVl dPVO dpnf || r xVPtfO mPcp zQO ndpnf || sVl blg dVpOtl rlOnf cvfOa xVPtfO mlaf zQO ncl || rtl opUneml qROkVlcP vatl rlncfvfOa xVPtfO zpglbld dpcl xfm Trp oRd ||

nP dlU dpOVzvHlnRUM vcl || tfgtl xVROzQ xVPtfO zpglblcl || xPVtfO vfOcpnl dpOVtl alcl - tP tR tcl? rdcPtl aldpnf - xPVtfO gpcPcl || dpOV aPnP Mlz vdpnf || rdcP inlg olcPdpnf || sVl blg sVl zlyPzM vcl || rtl xPVtfO alcp ynIblcl - sVl LnfzcPtl rfn agIblMPal kgnRM oFcl rfn kfOxfcl || 12

rM nP gldP vcl || rtl rfnM gldP Trpcl || rlnM yPa vpcp dpnf || dpOVtl Tmpcl - tP tR tcl ? zlypzMtl alcl vpcpclnl sVl gldP epMIM cpMIM cpFIblcl || dpOVtl alcl tP ? zlypzMtl alcl - cfup gldP efMIM || dpVtl alcl - tP zlypzMtl alcl - epMIM tP efMIM tP epMIM tP epMIM || rfnl tP gP epMIM nP zROcp rnblcl || dpOVtl yf oRcl rp xVPtfO rlOncbfOa dpdl || zlypzMtl dpc xfm Trp oRcl || r zQt-R bRcl wlOol ofUcl ||

tfOhcl dQbP

tzRdf = nP nlOU cRzRO || qR zROkVla = slViROhcl zSrfM zpglbla || dpOVvHlnRU = dpVO Hla wlO || zlypzM = zlm yRa dlU || vnfzcP = L nfa dlU || Trpa = rfnM kfMIbla ||

tnRTsP 1) slVclnl slV dPUnblMPal kVPb :s) nP dlU dpOVvHlnRU vcl || 13

v) slV blg sVl zlypuM vcl || u) dpOVtl rlOnfcvfOa xVPl tfO mPa zQ ncl || q) dpOVtL opUneMl qR GROnklclO || M) rtl dpcl xfm Trp oRcl || 2) vRva nb :TzRdf, rlOnfcvfOa, zpglbld, tfgtl, vfOaclnl, Mlzvdpnf, LnfzM, kgnR, dpcl || 3) altfO agIblb :tP, rfn, vpcp, xPVtfO, gldP || 4) sRxRtP nRU aMIblb :s) vaQ .................. sVl ................ dpnf || v) sVl ........... dpOVtl ........ xVPtfO mPa zQO ncl || u) .............. rlOnfcvfOa xVPtfO ............. rtl dPcl xfm ............. oRd || 14

5) Gaf klg :s) dpOVtl tR alaf qR GROnkVlcl ? v) zlypzMtl tR ncl ? u) rlOnfcvfLa xVPtfO alatl tR oRdl ?

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ofsp

sRnRdcP sldcRnQ yf dp || blg opspMg sVlyp cft || vRoRO kPUnp ylxO TkRd || vRoRO kPUnp gfO opd || blg yO-l ckVPcp gl td || nPOUM nP gfO opd || zMsM nP ylxO kVPdR || vaQ vaQ kPUnpp ylxO gP gfO mlgml td || ylxO gfO tcpg ofsp TkRd || sldcPtl ofsp dRVcldR || rp tlgl bRkf td rpcl Mmu mMmu td || inlg (ifgtl) ofsp aPnP TifOa dRVd ||

ylxOcl zMfM tfMTuf dgP dROVd || bP rM ml MxfcpO tdR || rp tfg MxfcpO ofspM dRVd || zlbP ofsp gl ulg 16

MxfcpOcl td || mRhRgM ul MxfcpO d cfMP || ucl dl zQd nb || r dl rp nPupM dR-cRnITuf, zpgITuf, cpMITuf, kLmITuf, klOal, zfMfg klOal gP nxpMTuf || gfO kpcpM ylxO TkRcpg ofsp tifOa dRVd || mlgnPcl gfO sRcPcpnl gl rp TifOa dRVd, bP rM ylxO tndpd || ylxOcl zMfM opM tcpg ofsp tifOa td || ofsp tlgl bRkf tnP td ? sldcPnQ yf dR ? gfOcl ylO tlgl bRkf tcl tldR || rM ylxOcl zMfM kMbld || q tcpg ofsp tlgl bRkf td || ofspsQ clgIbV oROU gl aldR ||

tfOhcl dQbP slVyp = sVl vfnPcl || ylOckVPcl = gfdtzR cpaQcl blg || nlOU = gfO ilnlbla spgbfdcP || zMsQ = vpOUa ta spgIbfdcP || Mmu xMmr = nP MxfcpO tacl || gfOkpcp = gfO LVpOLpOV, trRa ylO hpup - hphp opa gfO || 17

tnRTsP 1) vpva nb :slVyp, ylOckVPcp, zMIsQ, ofsp, zpgItuf, npxMItuf, opM, zMfM, ylxL, tlgl || 2) altfO nb :ylxL, gfO, yOlckVPcp, ofsp, Mxfc || 3) sRcRtP nR aMblb :s) blg opspMg .......................... cft || v) ylxL gfO tcpg ...................... TkRd || u) ylxOcl MxfcpO ........................... dRVd || q) ofspnQ ............................ gl ald || 4) sRclMPal kVPb :s) taf = td, tdR || v) Hla = .................,...................... || u) vPa = ................,....................... || 18

q) ra = ............................... || m) ................ nd, ................. || r) ........................................ vdR || 5) Gaf klg :s) vQkf tcpg ofsp TkRd ? v) ofspM mRhR MxfcpO tdR ? u) ofsp mRhR kPUnp TifOa dRVd ? q) ofspcl cfup dl tR hf ?

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sVl dopO kInPsp slV dopO kInPsp ofUcl slOcl anil anIn tnIn rtl hRcl MxfMl anIil || anIil sfcl TzRclopM bpMspcl kInPsp tfOuf vcl rcp rcl rxln acl anIil || anIil rxlcl kRgf gl bpMspMlcl kInPsp sVl dopO kInPsp ofUcl slOcl anIil || tnRTsP 1) altfO agblb :dopO, sfaf, tfOuf, rcp, kRgf || 20

1) sVlclnl sVl dPUnblMPal kVPb :s) rclnl r bpMspMlcl || v) rtl anIil slOclMPal ofUcl || u) sVl kInPsp dopO dpnf || i) dopOtl MfxMl anIil GRcl || 2) Gaf klg :s) dopO vQkf dpnf ? v) dopO tR slOclMPal ofUcl ? u) rtl MfnMl tnP anIil GRcl ? q) anIil GRclMPal r tR nMlcl ? m) tfOuftl vclMPal tR ndl ?

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zlwpO nkR zlbpO nkR TmRcP oRU of || rpnQ ThRtPn tpd || zQOctMl yROnf cft || zlwPO nkR cfMPcP gfMP gfO cfop || TzRO TzRbR qfMbLdR || Tmfn HfU tRcl cft || cgsfn td || zlwpO nkR tcP kInltfol kLmITuf td || rM Hpxl cfof || iSaf nRU eROa td || tfgnQ zQOtROa td || tzlh Mpclhl nP td || dlU oROa tn vfOd || tfgnQ zpU td ||

zOlwf nkRtl nd gfO opd || nRU tfMTifO td ||

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gfO cfopa nRU aQnf td || aQnf nRUM Mpcp tRdR || iSa nRU vMlM td || rM nP EvfnIaf gl td || vgl Mpa zlwpO nkR dR rM tpil gpzl HlMldR || rp go TmRcP oROU of || zlwpO nkRmfnl nP zQxl agIbldR || vPkVlyP, vfM, df, hRuR tR mfnl agIblacl of ? zlwpO nkRmfnl EdP gl agIbld || rp nP TsPM vd || rpnQ dfztln cft || rp TmRcl oROU of || tfhcl dQbP zQctMl = vgltRtg || cgsfn = ucpypcp cfoROa tlU || Hpxl = znRU LpcPMPal tlOa || Mpclhl = Tmfn Ln || zpU = cMRcp zQOtR || Mpcp = gaf || Llbla = Lfa tRzl ta || vMlM = Mz cftacl, Tspklxlg || tnRTsP 1) altfO agIblb :oROU, nRU, tfMTifO, zQ , hRuR || 23

2) sVRg cl TzpM :s) zlwpO nkR zQOctMl yRnf cft ( v) zlwpO nkR cfMPcPgMP TzRO ufMbld ( u) zlwpO nkR cftacl nRU eROa td ( q) vMlMl nRU tfMTifO td (

) ) ) )

3) GAF KLG :s) vQTkRa nRUM Mpclhl cft ? v) vQtkRa nRUM gfO cfop ? u) cgsfn alacl tR hf ? q) zlwpO nkR cftacl nRUM tR tR td ?

24

eROa gP HfUnTifO aldn tRcl cRzROcl tfI of || aldn dl nacl sVl dopO dnf || r vPaM TifMIaf dpnf || r gfUnf mlg Mldpnf || oR zpO vVpclMPal bPU ndpnf || aldn opspMg kVlzPMcl dl slIdpnf || rfclnl rlcpeROsP ndpnf || rlcpeROsPclnl tRcl qmL cMRcp ndpnf || rfnl r vPdpnf , kVPxldpnf || wlOcl TsPdcP gO ndpnf || aldncl kFg iRag dpnf ||

vPafwlOM aldn nPOUxl dpnf || rnQ tg vP zQOd tdpnf || r eROzl gP HfUnTifO dpnf || 25

rcl nlkR tRMla dpnf || aldn nRUcpM zPkn dpnf || gfg nRUaM r cRzRO tdpnf || r cfmlxldpnf || r gaf gl cftdpnf || rcl cfd cfk r dVRcl zQOtROcp dpnf || nRUkfdlUyP gl aldn dVRcl zQOtROcp dpnf || aldncl ypdcP mzlM tdpnf || nlcl aldn LVQOzl tdl || rnQ tfgtl vRdpnf || rtl yPa yPa nRUaM kfOnRU slOcl || aldntl nP bPtzpO oRcl || rtl cfopUn Tdf cp oRcl || aldncl ypdcP mzlM tdl || rdcPtl tRcl oROnf cfvfO || y dp aldn vQnl iROa tdl ? r opspMg rocpgROsP ndpnf || rlcpeROsP ncptl rkcl krIbld || tupxpM tlst nRbld, dlU erOa td || trpxp HtUnRifO td || blzQOa TifOMa td || nRUabRM cRzRO td || rtL tfg TsP nn vfOd || r TifOa gP tROMla td || tfgtl iSa dlU vRd || sRnRdcP TrRaggR rlcpeRsP nntPd || aldndl kfg npntpd || bQU GRclMPal vPntpd gPdgl dgP aldn tTkRa tn vfOd || 26

tfOhcl tQbP TifOMIaf = cfupegIg nP blzQOa tacl, zQrlcp || rlcpeROsP = TrpxpnQ eROzl na TsP || zPkfn = tPtfg, zPa || npdlUyP || nRUkfdlUdcP || nRUa nRUabR || cfopIn = cfupdcPcl opUn || tnRTsP] 1) vRva nb :rlcpeROsP, tROMla, nRdlUyP, bPtzp, cfopUn || 2) altfO agIblb :rlcpeROsP, kfg, TsP, tfst, LVQIOzl , eROa || 3) sRclMPal kVPb :s) tn = td, tdpnf || 27

v) na = ...................,...................... || u) MPa = ....................,.......................||

4) Gaf klg :s) aldn gfUuf tR tR ndRnf ? v) aldncl vl trpxp vQnl tPUTrfO agIblcl ? u) rlcpeROsP ncptl tr td ? q) aldn tTkRcp ta tR nntpd ?

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TmRcP LPnR ml opspMg vPafwlO ofUdR vPcl kVPcl yPa tdR tifOa lfg kPxpM npdR opspMg sVRg tfO kROdR || nPOUnl ta tfOzQO ndR TzRO bRnP opspMg cRzRO aHIbldR nPOU tnPOUcl tO ndR yPacl alzp d zPmln ndR || HRcpHM tdR, clgIhlgloM tdR kfclnH cmlaltzP xVzPa tdR || yp ypTzR tROa yPdR tTvf tpvlcl zPUcp ndR ||

tnRTsP 1) altfO agIblb :ofUdR, tfO, cRzRO, alzpd, zPUcp ||

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2) Gaf klg:s) sldcP opspMg vgl ofUdR ? v) vQkf ta tfOzQO ndR ? u) vPclMPal tR tR agIbldR ?

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TsPrlkfacl slsPz slV tlU dpnf || zalM dfMcl sgIsf oROdpnf || nclO zMfM sgIsf Eifnbldpnf || dlUdcP r tPdpnf || r kPUnp axfbpM dl naQ slV dlU dpnf || r oROU gP tofnp dpnf || sVl dQzMP r qpOblcpM tRcPcl || tdf sVl dlU zal rlxlMlgdpnf || TsfzRdfzR zalcl spgP dpnf || axfbpMtl sVl spgPM dfMcl Lnl yPcl || rfclnl r cfkROgfnl kVcl || r dlU opspMIg zal rlxlMldpnf || axfbpMtl cfup dQz gl rnQ dRVcl || rtl Tmpcl - cfTrRO ! zslM tRcl oRclgfdR ? rtl alcl - vQzlalnP ml ! tPn dfMcl Lnl oRcl || axfbpMtl alcl - Lnl ! rpd yPa oRU of || slnQ spzl - spcl rcp oRd tnP ig TsPrlkfa ndR ? r dlUtl alcl - TsPrlkfa ndpnf ml || gP d dfMcl Lnl oROcl || TsPrlkfa nclg Hln tpcpdpdl || TsPrlkfa natl eRL, nPOU oROU tfg oROdR || cnatl tRcl gl cfoRO ml || axfblMtl rlolcl, tfO mlta of || TsPrlkfacl slsPz vQzlalnP oROd || 31

tfOhcl dQbP sgIsf = apzIgp, npObp || zMfM = nclOcl ynfdnf || tofnp = tof dpacl || spgP = nP || vQzlalnP = ksIsf || TsPrlkfa = zQO GROclMPal TsP naf || slsPz = sdQ || tnRTsP 1) altfO agIblb :tlU, zal, spgP, Lnl, oRU || 2) sRVg cl TzpM s) axfbfM oROU (kInra) gP npel dpnf v) r dlUtl TsPrlkfa naf cfkl u) TsPrlkfa naftl tfg zQxl oROd

( ) ( ) ( )

3) Gaf klg :s) tPn dfMcl Lnl oROcl || vatL alnf ? 32

v) nlzRM axfbpMtl tR rlolcl ? u) axfbpM vQkf dlU dpnf /

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mlhlofcp tldl

TmRb mlhlofcp tldl vdl dxP rpclMPal rcl dxP rcl mlgInP dPVcl ecp ecp ncl gul vcl TdRhlofgf mlgInl zpOtPcl bPgfbPg kgM mROofcl gulcl mlxlaftl nRclMPal Hlcl tldl aQcpM gul ErPcl mlgf tldl zlwpOM vcl rpacl dxP dhfcptl rcl ||

tnRTsP

1) Gaf klg:s) mlhlofcp tldltl (tlTdptl) tR rcl ? v) tldltl tR rcl dPVcl ? 34

u) ecpO ecpO nclMl tR vcl ? q) tldl bPgfbPg vgl xROofcl ? m) tldl aQcpM va EiRcl ? r) Mlgf vfa zlwpOM vcl ? i) rpacl dxP vQnl rcl ?

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