Mythos und Geschichte: Kleine Schriften III 9783161540745, 9783161540752, 3161540743

Der dritte Band der Kleinen Schriften von Reinhard G. Kratz ist dem Thema des Mythos in der Hebräischen Bibel gewidmet u

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Table of contents :
Cover
Titel
Vorwort
Inhalt
Mythos und Geschichte in der Bibelwissenschaft
Einführung
1. Mythos und Geschichte: Zum Verhältnis von biblischer Geschichte und Geschichte Israels
2. Auslegen und Erklären: Über die theologische Bedeutung der historischen Bibelkritik nach Johann Philipp Gabler
3. „Wortkritik“ und „höhere Kritik“ bei Wilhelm Gesenius
4. Colenso und die „Revolution“ in der Bibelkritik
5. Julius Wellhausen (1844-1918)
6. Augen und Brille: Wellhausens Methode der Höheren Kritik
7. Noch einmal: Theologie im Alten Testament
Der Mythos vom Königtum Gottes
Einführung
8. Gottesräume: Ein Beitrag zur Frage des biblischen Weltbildes
9. Der Mythos vom Königtum Gottes in Kanaan und Israel
10. Reste hebräischen Heidentums am Beispiel der Psalmen
11. Das Schema‘ des Psalters: Die Botschaft vom Reich Gottes nach Psalm 145
12. „Gelobt sei der Herr und gepriesen sei sein Name für immer und ewig“: Psalm 145 in der Hebräischen Bibel und in der Psalmenrolle 11Q5
13. Gott und die Göttlichen in der Hebräischen Bibel und den Texten vom Toten Meer
Der Mythos vom Volk Gottes
Einführung
14. Geschichten und Geschichte in den nordwestsemitischen Inschriften des 1. Jt.s v.Chr
15. Israel als Staat und als Volk
16. Mose: Die Konstruktion einer Gründerfigur
17. Theologisierung oder Säkularisierung? Der biblische Monotheismus im Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik
18. Jesaja und die Belagerung Jerusalems
Nachweis der Erstveröffentlichungen
Literaturverzeichnis
Stellenregister
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Mythos und Geschichte: Kleine Schriften III
 9783161540745, 9783161540752, 3161540743

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Forschungen zum Alten Testament Herausgegeben von Konrad Schmid (Zürich) · Mark S. Smith (New York) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen)

102

Reinhard Gregor Kratz

Mythos und Geschichte Kleine Schriften III

Mohr Siebeck

Reinhard Gregor Kratz, geboren 1957; Studium der Ev. Theologie und Gräzistik in Frankfurt a. M., Heidelberg und Zürich; seit 1995 Professor für Altes Testament in Göttingen; seit 1999 Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen.

ISBN 978-3-16-154074-5 / eISBN 978-3-16-154075-2 ISSN 0940-4155 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb. dnb.de abrufbar. © 2015 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohr.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und V erarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Das Buch wurde von Gulde Druck in Tübingen auf alterungsbeständiges Werkdruckpapier gedruckt und von der Großbuchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier gebunden.

Eduard Lohse zum Gedenken

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