The Survivor Volume 1 [1]

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THE SURVIVOR By Kurt Saxon More Heat from the Grate

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|] JUST A FEW OF THE ARTICLES IN VOLUME 1 + MONEY MAKING AND SAVING FOR ALL “TOY MAKING FOR PROFIT ANO GIFTS + MARIONETTES; COM: PLETE COURSE + CUT YOUR FOOD BILL. EAT BETTER «THE HYGENIC COOKBOOK (1874) + SOYBEANS FOR SUR. VIVAL “RELOCATING, PLAN YOUR MOVE “BAKING BREAD. ANY. ‘ONE CAN + SPROUTING SEEDS. NEVER HUNGER + SURVIVING NUCLEAR WINTER + GREENHOUSE. SIMPLE, PRODUCTIVE + EARTHWORMS FOR, FEED + HOME WORKSHOP, MANUAL (1930) “MAKING A 1913 HANG: GLIDER + BURGLAR-PROOFING YOUR HOME + MAKING IMITATION, GOLD & SILVER “ MECHANICS FOOT: POWERED COMBINA. TION LATHE + SET UP YOUR OWN HOME FOUNDRY = GLASS BLOWING AND FORMING

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THE SURVIVOR Volume 1 How to Cut Bottles with Electricity

Popular Mechanics 1919 Performing, it an became experiment laboratory, necessaryin to have somie apparatus which we did not possess at the time, -A bell jar could have been ‘used, but this we did not have, and as 2. substitute wwe used = large 8 in. bottle, with ‘glass in diameter, the bottom removed. In orderwe to do this, first made a ‘mark around the outside of the bottle tear the bottom witha glass cutter: A of then cop erwound wire, around inthe diamter,ieee was outSide'on the mark and connected to the the wire would expand enough to make it slip off the bottle when heated red-hot, pliers were used to keep it taut about the bottle when the current

was tumed on. A current of 110 volts S amperes was run through the Wire, heating it red-hot, and this cracked exactly cutter on the Hine marked theby glass ‘the glass A Stationary Windmill

Popular Mechanics ~ 1913

A windmill that can bo made. stationary and will run regardless of the

By Kurt Saxon Kurt Saxon 1976 by ght © Copyri

Survival Is Looking After No. 1

By Kurt Saxon. ‘Alarmists all around the country are promising disasters such as super foreign invasion, the triumph of communism/ fascism, tc. Unfortunately, they all may be right, even though thelr timing Is wrong; we hope. ‘You have only to compare this year’s food prices over last year’s; this year's rise in the crime rate over last year’s, etc. These things affect you directly. The quality of life 18 going down and the difficulty of maintaining a decent living standard Is a greater worry to most Americans. There are two main reasons for this which no political system can help. One that the Age of Exploration and Development and the Industrial Revolution is ‘over and the other Is that the good crop weather, world-wide, Is also over, maybe for centuries. ‘The Age of Exploration and Development began about 1500 and ended around 1950. From the beginning of that period the Earth was explored, mapped, annexed, developed and exploited. Its resource mineral, were looted with little or no thought for future generations. As national Industries grew to take advantage of the Inpouring bounty from the hinterlands, living standards rose, enabling more people to survive and in turn to reproduce theirkind. Human locusts spread over the Earth; born only to explolt, rape and destroy thelr own environment. “Have more bables 80 we can clear more land.” “Have more babies so we can ‘mine more coal and metals." “Have more babies 80 we can koep the factories running.” “Have more babies 80 we can take mors territory from the hated enemy.” ‘And then, about 25 years ago, the overall bounty ran out. Some of the natural resources became scarce a century ago. Some, like coal, may last another century. But in a general sense, the reason for existence for most of the world's Population ended about 1950, ‘More babies are being born but there is no more land to clear. More babies are being born but mining is automated, needing little hand labor. More bables are being born but the world’s factories are closing down. More babies are being born but cannon fodder, the uniformed ape, is too quickly a corpse to be worth arming. Automated killing is all the rage. Human quality is in demand but is becoming harder to find. Human quantity is @ drug on the market, a surplus. Governments don't create raw materials. Unions don't create jobs. So the Working Class—push, pull, lift—is increasingly without purpose. As the system breaks down, the erosion of ‘occupations will worsen so that even specialists will be on welfare. So with literally billions of people made surplus by the lack of easily accessable raw materials the idea of world-wide institutionalized welfare has set In. "We'll Just feed them until technology creates new jobs,” say the optimists. But this is not to be. As the bounty of natural resources has run out, the world’s bountiful harvests have also ended. The weather from 1930 to 1960 was excellent for crops. Unfortunately for the human race, this good crop weather

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was abnormal and had not occurred inthe last 1000 years! Now it's over and there's no reason to believe this freakishly good weather pattern will return in our lifetimes; maybe not for hundredsof years. Moreover, most of the agribusiness plants now grown were bred for the weather conditions from the 20s through the 60s. Bad seasons wipe them out and it would take years to replace them with the old foul-weather, low yield strains Granddad thrived on. Also, the present good-weather, high-yield plant strains depend on vast amounts of oll-based ferilzers few nations can afford today. When bad weather hit Russia's 1973 harvests the ensuing wheat deal wiped ‘out our surplus. Millions of acres here had been lying unused in the Soll Bank. Brought into cultivation, they have put off severe shortages here and made the effects of our own bad weather less noticeable. Without all that acreage to fall back on, Americans would be starving now. With the world's worsening weather making increasing demands on our crops by other countries and our own weather getting worse, the end is in sight for the majority of humanity, ‘Of course, | haven't written this to upset you. After all, if you weren't Interested in survival you wouldn't be reading this. So you aren't one of the doomed majority. You are already making plans to save yourself and your loved ‘ones from the worst to come. Now that you know that the game of Huddled Masses is over you can start looking out for Number One. Unlike the unprepared and the unthinking, you won't have to make the sudden choice between running away In a panic or just staying put in a totally non-survival area. Let’s say you decide to leave your present situation one year from now. You should be ready to leave before then if you have to but panic makes anyonea refuges. A year will put your survival program in its proper perspective. If you can look at your program as simply a move to 2 more rural, less ‘commercial area you've taken the panic out of itand friends and neighbors won't {question your sanity or try to talk members of your familyout of the mov ‘Naturally, this present advice,is mainly for people living in major population Cconters. If you livein a town of 50,000 or more, it's too commercial to have much staying power after social collapse. ‘Towns with under 50,000, in rural areas, have more contact with life's basics ‘and can reorganize their populations if necessary. So a small town in a rural area is your best bet. A patch of land and a modest home just outside a village gives the greatest security. It won't cost you an arm and a leg and you'll get away from the imageof the leather-clad, root grubbing savage some survivalists suggest. ‘A yoar’s planning will help you find such a town and prepare to provide a service, food, craft or otherwise, which will make you an asset to the community ‘You may want to get a few acres and live cut off from everyone. This is fine if you're well armed and a professional woodcrafter already. However, this is too Great a change for most people. The inexperienced dreamer simply cannot survive alone Regardless of your choice, town, commune or small farm, you must choose an area about 100 miles trom any major population center. It must also be several miles off any major highway. Refugees streaming out of New York or Los Angeles will clog the main highways and strip every home for miles each side of their route like irresistable plagues of locusts No matter how you might think you can steel yourself against pitiful refugees you must plan to liveas far off their prospective routes as possible. This isn't as hard as you might think. More people are clogging the cities and only the Intelligent ones are moving back to the land. {In succeeding issues | will concentrate on survival without savagery. You should live well while waiting out the storm. A yearor lessof practical study and application of a good survival program will help you to come through the worst ahead with strength and dignity.

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direction of the wind is here illus. trated. Mills of this kind ean be built of larger size and in some localities hhave been used for pumping water. ‘Two semi-circular surfaces are se‘cured to the axle at right angles to each ‘other and at 45 deg. angle with that ofthe axle as shown in Fig. 2. ‘his axle and wings are mounted in bearings on a solid or stationary stand By mounting a pulley on the oraxleframe. with thewings it can be used to run toy machinery. Irrigate with Tomato Cans

Popular Mechanics — 1913 _ The following is an easy and effectve way to start plants in dry weath Siok an ordinary tomato can, with a ‘Yuin, hole4 from the bot tom, in the that ground. the hole so.will be hear the roots of the plan Tamp. the around. both plant and can, fand fill the lat

Keep the can filled until the plant is, ‘out of danger.

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es" HOW TO MAKE A HOUSEBOAT

Popular Mechanies 1919. 6 H. SIBLEY ST HE houseboat, shown is of the table, ‘The cooking is done on a two. wide by beyond 20 ft Duurner blue-lame kerosene stove, and Jong, ‘scow with design, the cabin@ ftextending ‘the sink is. provided thescow 1 rom eich tds he scow with running water

tapers the forward end and up_at is. protected with athat’heavythe shegtiron plate ‘craft. may referably 60 to 100 miles away from urban centers. It must be out of sight from any interstate highway or main road, and in a defensible position, well hidden in the contourof surrounding landscape. Its store of supplies should include dehydrated and freeze-dried foods having a shelllife of ten years or more, as well as food supple‘mentsas vitamins and minerals, Canned foods are prone to spoil a few years of storage, and may even be dangerous to consume. There must after be adequate water [stored or available], and provisions for sanitary facilities. In addition to essential supplies, a good retreat will have been well organized with ‘= complement of trained men and women able to take care of sickness and accidents; ‘guard the outpost; prepare rationed portions of meals, and grow or hunt for food if necessary. This means having farmers, craftsmen, soldiers, doctors, engineers and technicians who are versed in the technological arts and eralts. Any group of people without proper leadership, arms and equipment, cannot long survive in any circumstance. ‘There are growing numbers of survival schools now teaching basic ways one can live “off the land” in a wilderness environment. Some give complete courses in extensive survival training by groups who band together because of common interests, such as social, fraternal, religious, sports, and newly organized ‘survival clubs’. One of the best schools is the PIONEER SURVIVAL ACADEMY, P.0. Box 547, Hamilton, MT 59840, and the Carla Emery School in Hendricks, Idaho — an alternative farmstead that also teaches how to raise food. Among many interesting subjects taught by PSA is basic automobile survival, down to earth self defense techniques and weaponry skills, what to do when lost in the wilderness, guarding against extreme heat and cold, backwoods medicine and proper first aid “pioneer style", how to locate and purify water, primitive e making and cookery, tracking and trapping of animals, fish and fowl, finding edible roots, avoiding poisonous plants, insect bites, dangerous predators, etc. They also wise you up to the proper role of government, true American history, the origin and purpose ‘of the Bill of Rights forall independent people under the U.S. Constitution Another good source of guidelines in what to doin the event of trouble is provided by the JOURNAL OF CIVIL DEFENSE, P.O. Box 910, Starke, Fl. 32091. I monthly magazine, formerly called "Survive" gives you official facts about civilian defense, and what one must do when social order breaks down. It reveals what really ‘makes Soviet Civil Defense tick; what guarantees the USSR over $4% survival in a

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How to Make SMALL GEARWHEELS

Without a Lathe Popular Mechanics 1913 To make small models sundry small gears and racks are required, either cut for the place or by using the parts, from an old clock. With no other tools, than a hacksaw, some files, a compass,

and with the exercise of a little patience and moderate skill, very good teeth may be cut on blank wheels. First take the case of a small gearwheel, say 1 in, outside diameter and Ye in. thick, with twenty-four teeth. Draw a circle on paper, the same diameter as the wheel. Divide the circumference into the number of parts desired, by drawing diameters, Fig. 1, The distance AB will be approxi mately the pitch. Now describe a smaller eitele for the base of the teeth and halfway between these circles may be taken as the pitch circle ‘Naw describe a circle the same size as the largest circle on a piece of yin. sheet metal, and having cut it out and filed it up to this circle, fasten the marked-out paper circle accurately over it with glue. Saw-cuts can now be made down the diameters to the smaller circle with the aid of a saw guide, Fig. 2 made from qy-in, mild steel or iron.’ guide have a beveled edge, This E, from F should to G, to lay along the line on which the saw-cu isto be made, The straight-edge, CD,t should be setback one-half the thickness of the saw-blades, so that the center of the blade, when flat against it, will be over the line FG. Avsmall clearance space, FC, must be made to allow the teeth of the saw to pass. The guide should then be placed along one of the diameters and held in position until gripped in the vise, Fig. 3. The first tooth may now be cut,

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‘auclear attack, and exposes the ingredients for Soviet success in “people protection.” There are too many false assumptions about what to do and what is going on around the world. People are going their merry ways of spending and consuming vital substances, oblivious of social/economic trouble which lies in the wake of international problems, and troubles right here at home. One of the most important of these is economies, or what makes our monetary system work. Right now, paper dollars can still buy goods, but it has a purchasing power of only 27¢ on the dollar. At the present rate of devaluation, and barring another round of double-digit inflation, it will be worth less than a nickle by 1985. People are foolishly saving their dollars in banks, stock, bonds and other paper equities——which wouldn't be worth the printing in the event general bankruptcies now threatened in some of our major cities Wise people are not only conserving on expenditures, but converting their dollars into gold and silver coins and other tangible assets which can be exchanged for goods and services. A trustworthy source of buying precious coins is CENTRE COIN CO. P.O. Box 1, Sherman Oaks, CA 91413. Several others are being checked out and will bbe reported in future issues of this column. Wise people are not only hedging their bets with money leverage, but investing in good properties suitable for group survival——a place where they may safely store essential food and other goods, and bbe reasonably assured that, comes trouble, they have their own place of retreat ‘along with others of like mind and sense. In such unity, there is strength, SURVIVAL TOWN, USA jis but one of these prepared establishments located on the easteoast, Julius Rose who ramrods the outfit, ean be contacted Richland,NJ 08350. His project may be primitive and premature, but is starting to gather adherents to his concept of ‘survival’, and who knows but that ‘metropolitanites from N.Y. & Phila. may need such a place after the fiasco of the 1976 national elections/conventions and partying. ‘The Emergency Broadcast System [EBS]is litle noted or taken seriously by radio listeners whenever a testis doneby major networks en order of the FCC. When that signal becomes real lone day soon}, millions of our people will be caught with their pants down——you ean be sure. Chaos is sure to take place, and wise are those who prepare and plan in advance. Like insurance, we hope welll never need it, but ob, hhow good it is to have it when calamity sti PA. DeMattis care being taken to Keep the blade of Homemade Vaporizer the saw flat_up to the guiding edge. The Model Engineer, London, says if 1A simple, vaporizer whichcan be this is done and the saw-guide well used by designers to project their colmade, the cut will be central on the Fee ors ina fluid Tine, ‘and if the marking-out is. cor Spray, or by rect the teeth will be quite uniform al hnousekcepers disinfect or per«0 the way round, A small ward file will fame thelr apartbe needed to finish off the teeth to their ments,in thecanbe proper shape and thickness folmade “manner: In making a worm wheel the cuts owing must be taken in a sloping direction, ‘Tyro goose quills the slope and pitch depending on the ou are forced aul slope and pitch of the worm thread, holesother,in which, though more difficult, may also a cork at right anglesthrough to each be cut with a hacksaw and file shown, Place the vertical quill in ‘A bevel wheel should be cut in the 2is bottle the fluid to be same manner as the spur wheel, but the Sprayed and‘containing. by blowing through the cut should be deeper on the side which Horizontal quill a very effective spray has the larger diameter. To cut a wml be. produced, rack the pitch should be marked along the side, and the guide and saw used as before (Fig. 4)

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THE HOME SMELTER ‘The material for smelting was taken Ifthe home industrialist couldn't clean up historical methods and principles, seldom

from Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary, 1874. I had hoped to come ‘upon many ingenious methods on how the hhomefolk of that day smelted their own metals, I was disappointed to learn that people in 1874 left smelting to the smelting companies. At that time they weren't threatened by the breakdown of those companies and so weren't interested in doing such basie metallurgy at home. Grandad wasn't a survivalist He was an industrial progressive. As fast ay big industry took over a home industry, home industry was abandoned.

with in technical manuals his act and compete with the big boys. his bothered written today. neighbors took their trade elsewhere. Even so, Grandad had simpler ‘Therefore, once the 1874 methods are methods, more applicable to individual understood, even though they are enterprise than are commonly known inapplicable, Uhe individual ean still apply today. The basic principals were better some of the their improvements to understood and improvisation saved Knight's descriptions of historical many a project that would have been methods. This will give you the basic methods of history, the 19th century, and abandoned in our time. In the ease of smelting and other combined with today’s blacksmithing industrial processes, 1874 methods are practices, you should be able to improvise still beyond the resources of individual a system Lo suit your own needs, ‘survivalists. But Knight’s does give the egocharge te ale thrown a Sodelated a in the04mule poo,hae Smelt{ing-fur'nace. A furnace for disengaging TH cok, ore finerane the metal from its gangue or the non-metalliferous Tal SaSteel s y St bes een lb an ent portions of the ore. The furnaces differ much for eat i eae Ua Rreating different. metals. eait eT cnaeat Sith a ee neon The smelting-furnace for iron is in the form of a Seinen capes tens caneteave oa truncated quailrilateral. pyrunid about 50 or 55 feet pee epee a Sheth Hosmer fer betteatnh high. ‘The outer part is of brick or squared stone, ements ant peru cet en of are ‘with contrivances to obviate the danger of its eracki thé anc oxide, andseditious af metal, et way ae ing by the expansion that takes place when it ‘lace to uate with the heated, and it Is lined with two courses of fire-bricks Caton having a layer of pounded coke between thei 0 prevent the escape of the heat. ‘The interior or cav= ity may be divided into the following parts. from delow upward. First, the hearth, about two feet high; its base and sides are formetl of massive hlocks of coarse, pebbly gritstone, as being the most infusiarti form a fuable sag the fused matters descend fr {ie boshestocles Into theposition crucible,onthethe heath ble of ail common building-stones. Upon. this is meta, byfromie whence eopetiorgraiey, taking the loer draws ‘erected the crucible, a four-sided cavity between 6 ‘ofTfrom time to h m e , either Into ladles form castin oFgs,a0 anil 7 feet high, slightly enlarging upward, so xs to nade In cand, where ti run into pig. be at top about 24 feet wide. ‘The part above, called ltreous ecori'o lag Heats on the ipon and orerflows the bovkcs, is in the shape of a funnel or inverted agsf Indicates the wilcooking conditio nof cone, about 8 feet high and 12 feet wide at top. On I V the omelter match the heat working of hi faronce, detect the sigos of divonder, and dete {his in place the greet cavity of the farmacey of an pe en the apron rein ir egular conical form, about 80 feet high, and authority gives tthe he sign followinglafarorable. Hodieationa "Green 1f thecolorcolor of Sally‘ernarrowing so ao be only about 3 fet fn tag the Selon, pale be inde (ates othe of ron and x defcleney of ime. Streaks of Ue at the top. From this part it enlarges into Indicate protoxie of ton, and sho x decency w of fue or ex ‘fannel-shaped chimney, about 8 feet high, in which is cut a large square aperture, through which the ‘Darkccolotred,atthe heavy seg shows thatwil ir ie going incarbon! to waste charge is thrown from time to time into the fursnalrugga ion produced be dedtent nace. About two feet above the hearth isan aperture through which the blast-pipe or tuyere is introduced. Sometimes there are two opposite tuyeres, and occ: jonally even three. ‘Thebycharacter oftheof theiron later, is acted by inaythe nature ofthe tors fuel, aod, the cholce metal be rendered g-furnace by whwh foitable forthein parpone for wbich fes due ltended. job ti 2) and "Toe edect t h e taseltng furnace tothe high temper{use while In Pep, ture, and this whieproduced by thethe action of the excites oxygen Intense of the acetheset use Stmoephero, h enters at tuyereole, faraacei Arn or Dentfuel, theby other combination with the carbonaceous particles of the constituents of the a i r passing from 4 wide to6 atfetbottonn high {tis vomewbat pearshaped, being about out, fn company ‘itl"Tho certaln gus evelved, at the top of the furnace Breet hd} a top. Her but edie 6 eirmay be hot or Calg; but i deen bya inechine of ‘There le an o p e n i n g i front about a foot or morein hight, some description, Varises ofbut thethe original foraof ofantblowers whieh atthe Is filledend with clay melting at the eoumencenient, and brakes, ‘ay be found under Sees, larger kibds appa own of each operation. “The inverted bellows into ave Falus are socated under the caption Beawueswhlcbce). In ‘oeuals sie of goats s h i n y nod the nozses ere furnace high procure and delivering {abertie furnace olay whiehi ledpads with tuto charcoal, the furosce.and alighted coal being Coble feet perworking mite under(enirated at atinonpherie pressure),6.202 the

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Interiorleportion ofso n the miss In the« sail theas this noes,i accomplished, before Introduced Kindled: "Av soon the ore, hrowgh previounly the motstoned water to.aby prevent i frou eharcon!, Dutwith without fue wiiaterer, was aaldstones of theare oa,dof 1hCenaas (Deuteronomy vi mayest 9), 8 out of whose hls thou and‘Te whose The of Palate furnished isan theeloretafr

the tine of Seremi; hartowe'n the tet Samuel it swords p e a r s , shares, {oiler forks ete, previoun to cho time of Bath, my about Gio cy and io Woubt Tong betore, ‘he tnelesyorked ia rigthelityand fronstreugth foronceyof frou of gtalors dungbast tuolreapurity.” The ‘reeseh thet moe! enceat end wonderful poss, he Book oftaper dob ‘The ivon-smeltin furnaces of Africa are thus deseribed by Dr. Liv the regions near {Nyes) Atevery eo ao third or hlfourth a-lo king village structure,(laAre-bamened about © feetfurnace high Lake andfor ‘lay, 2telting f fect 'infron,diameter. Noor flux is awed,irom worehether be theured,specular leonyetalthe Sellow Hematite, magnetic aud fet tal te produced. Naive munnufuctured iron ts so good thatand the natives decare Englh iron ‘rotten’ In companion, ‘peciawenr of tothe AfricanbestoesSwedish were ion.” pronounced st Bieminghaty Dearly equal ‘Dr, Barth nukes « suilar statement, the quailty. Caffes are madewoolsof of onTodiafimilaryinstil! procured, andtn tteof excel nan produced "The fine bet described by. Aristotle when speaking of Tain, ta fs Sleulu, referring tothe irom ores ofthe ielund far belowrenthe mauuluclures, average of whatsheep, may toe ThelassoHottentots, as aavages,though have sopottery andoxen. iro-furpece i holeof fniron raised ground, lange enough tofon "Tel contains good quantity stones, whiel are plendfal thethesurface Inhole nometheyparstakeof & thesiaalle lr county.one, About 18 faces from upper connecting with the former by e narrow chanoel. “ A , hot fre is tmade tn to sdiroo,” eat the Fuel earth fs addeds thoroughly,and andthe th fire urged ntl tho metal ruun Soto the receiver. When itis ‘ool {Ui "Itebroken toto pleces, heated, nod hammered out with ‘Hones, aimontexclonvely used for making weapons, ‘Fig 6220 representn-a blas-turance Hols, « womads, tribe of lronsimnelters ia Laver Hetgal and Orisa.of theThe mene tad wood of ore belog a8 the abundance to theplace, charcoal from place going nay prompe them.” in t h e furnace. well Agolicd, ore i fed in alteroately with charcoal, the fuel resting {hinkathe toinclined tray, so.ansing torunbe Fendly raked in, Aa abtheove the etal the otto off at an aperiuge basin, by a racd Blowers {tre Eva whlch boxes i withccupied sk covers, whichmasave offfon. alternately‘Thedepressed bythe fet and raisedby the spriog poles,bythe achbeetekinaa thecover weltbat whiehUpon ix ie,topped the middie, Whe inperson ‘of‘tthethe fot a ivthethrown cover Is raved and la Left ope by withdrawal ithmet te) thefrot, {ieoeds, nnd spears of I r o n tha of exp the rnd t al u ort ‘St rab ence shordt afterward is mentioned o. some oftcinhe richesyett ‘Daring fronthe oreRoman ‘lof were occupation Warked, audaffth iernd is and ders

Kel Smelting Furnace, Hindostan.

exist to wastestyinuense; to to fats, —one, Hatthatthe amountadopted of material {rented the other, the: plana scutes aace ee fund prota fo work the ere in ‘ring theia coaceseie Saxon occupation the furnaces were sil in bist, cope Tie diveetutil method of eblaining wrought-iron from the andore prevailed the commencement ofthe fitcnth century, Even gradunilsgnve way tomoffers direct proces, butPurnacca one inore9 convenient inthe haudiiog l a r g e quantities,” ring by which the ali ofearburetl strong blast,the Crproces, mel thewerebronivuse and obi ‘Seutafon, inthe ‘neighborhood ofthe Rhine stout 10). Second proren in Forge hearth wan ned tociaiate Ce carton snd ofher npr ‘ican heseveral restcenturies waa soroughtsron TE took to accomplish this with wood,Picea and several other eenturis fo dense meus for svbRtuting for inte harea of abt bat-sornacer wee officiate to produce fomIn two to altureworkn tenntheof Psion per day made ff‘eso charcoal the fom wae beingtrated withdrawn from the blast-furnace, and in ‘works was hy the renery f m a c e ‘Wood becoming a?ater,SinandSturtevant » numer of granted farnsces t basing gut of blastn 1612 was Patent fn Pogtand fo?) sere for the wre of plese i sma Falllog ta sears is proposed plas, pons he rendered tpfrabie patent patentfrin the {slong Sheen apie fanve, the government contiauing Dudley, deirouefa of109,encouraging evelopment of home resources. surceeded ducing three tons of ion pee week ina rmall Ulex furmace ‘he re of coke from piteaal, ‘ T h e parties who yet psrersed plenty of wood, and withurged whos thethe elarcealburners production of frouto wasdestroy fast rconting a monopoly, the worksfor ofBl Dudiey, which wae done. Didiex' patent waaof ranted years, whieh would Bring it to 10, Qe ime reroteetraie when statute Boglandof King ham James, Flere lining tonueceedthe Qucen Beas, The celebrated dura: Hon of p a t e n t s to 14 years, wan paced fo 1024." Dutleys ptl{lon‘romfor ofan poorextension wascontinued fefured to be made fo quailty ‘rood aaforestsEeaee,yet andremained. of good The quality fom seaal In places Irhere demand ron continuing togrow, tural eet of advancing iilization fronand mtof Imported from Sweden ahd Rusia large quantities facelent quality. over ‘The forests of wore there forests countrcnhad bygave thisthem & fpatoral advantage Englund, tine Lecomte thinned that these of woud forwithin iron smelting Tied been‘metropolis forbiddenoutorbyto14actofParmnent Iv 581 22 mle miles of the Thames, and erentally Prohibited alogether-

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THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 of casting articles and art of making by fooAbrahantwith plt-coal ‘Tie ebout of Golebrookdsle, Datu ihoug ron was wonrevived ofEEEAn i ema fliowe d perseresogy sc abroad.” In the " Phllorophical Transsetiona” foriti17 referred (o asaofthecurio dates thefrompowerthe ofinto-the manufacture Iron which extcuslon Tie Tnereared duction andof thethe steam-engioe, blowing englaes, driven by nuouel, hors, or ox bast; power, were henceforth operated by steam-engines. The difrom time (otic, apparatus we ierented the Vast of 1700 Ficoeion 1a 2103 melting. usedtheio frst cokeat the wee commonly abouterected {nd blowin large Carron Works Smeaton and shortly afterward suppl of Boultonwere and. Sylinders, engines by which the boners driven.WateNellron ‘etesu fa France, Aubulos, hot bienin fp1846,1828.heated theBoglandy ‘nteoduced Uy the the blast in Budd, itand oon altg Hethet ‘escaping hot paseo the idurace ¢ fur tone weight of geseour products are throwa off foo the sir

for each on of tron produel, by comparison the value of the hot estimating meansfactsof may ‘Asa some be mentioned. Afushetofonthetateshot thatbastat thethe ‘jar, the introducti iyds IromofWorks,materialsbefore ‘quantity necearary for the production of ne ton Stig iron was, — alcined ore Hi tos teas a ot Cake Timeaidae: x toa. To I8GL, when tho aystem was coming Into use, the blast beSng tary, Calined ore... 22 tons Cake tone imesione vssvvesesscsocss yea. In 180, with w hot blast, — 1Hi tons ‘ Caleined ore. toos Cake yon Limestone swotioned the fact that anthracite coal black nbandmayore beere intractable wader the cold blast, but the sodeditio and the latter a rich percentage beat, an fatente yields {otter blast. demonstrated bot the mith Irom (of good ‘Calder the needleamess of In 1831,is employed. coking wen theWorksRot Blast coal with ecubracito ameltioga France ioIn. 183, "Experiments WalertriednuThe at and tninwere1837. ta 1827, ovens Chunk ‘Mauch aid of Neilson's hot-biast ‘cenafully by the of the addition repeated, Jowithproducing Chunkaadwaa succeeded at Mauch (Seperimeat about 1858-29, la blast, fhe'bor wa Bowe fo tna pr ay. The Plover farmace at Ftarile fa duly,fretteairon-works {a America wero oxtablish ed "the Wipe Ye” i ie, Rovere, he wosnear orJamnesdeby tory masaacrod fublles, r i e ' h t i w sad theThe workinen, stroyad, next atlempt was at Lynn, Massachusetts, the Indians. wed ws dr works fo 148" APTe othe Sagan oe theore, bath Josophof these leallty,” that in plenial ail ‘og order by 166 19 ammeremity,Bay,Bagi, aniveof ofMassuchasetts Jeska,Province allversllags, vi. ihe ces, and threspenes, known au thocoldpine-sree coinage, fro device of pino-trve 0a one eld. a smelting-fr Early in the eighteenth century, SpottsAlexander Sir by Virginia in erected was nace Temple the at lived who wood, governor of Virginia, Farm, near Yorktown, Va. He had been wounded at Blenheim, where he served with Marlborough, ‘He was the first to cross the Blue Ridge and see the commander Shenandoah Valley. He was appointed at Annapdied but Carthagens, to expedition the of about to were troops the as 1740, June, Md., olis, from mausoleum the in embark. He was buried In this which the Temple Farm derived its name.Washington expedition the elder brother of George served, and on his return named his estate on the

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Potomac ‘Mount Vernon,” after the English admiral. ace for reducing iron from its ores at Fig. 6221, 4. shownblast-furn is ‘The

a « a, offorming lining of Bro-beicks ts turrousdad interior ofanchamber, Teeonsis broken packing m by cons! doubly of within the« construction adupperand partlocated feorlnor 2b, refractory fusl of charge which of the from asoary tad ore la dliverod through a sullable opening Into the fur cto stormed the sha; d toe, the boshpart baling the belly oF upper part oft boss; widest from ay“thethu portion ig. 62

the narrow part ieetves the throat, below metal: which Igthethelowercrucible oFof forth gy wich the inolten pate HEE't the frost, formliglethe athe Dreast pany seh Srolonged lay"ral Srtoward detoe etree i altto called thothetap-bole, closed by Sreely, whlch ts removed withdraw molten metal.” The ‘innistone i prouctelby an trom pate. ‘The top of the open Wide ofthe hearth byia foreaed by pce & lange diab of triedstone termed the Symp, aappate a av ron, ‘the Symp fom tibone of thealr tuyere, taually two combustion ta number, ‘andortue ‘rhlch compresed Is forecd, to ist pro Tote‘The fistfurnace oftheia charged rota rat with fuel and as this burns ow traning to of the ufnaturegedof theea etoare ther ore employed, aa lus, secording ee ployed, re lron collectsofthe on thefuhearth, while the alag Ratios produced tae fomblaaton cith ie forien freScarthfonts on top fled and le with drawnmeal, off overusually the dam-rtone.| An Yokthe becomes about twice ours the taprhole is gpened andmay ihebe mela allowed tofre How.Sones "The Interior of the faronce divided foto tue frat heatiog sone need: a'6 (Figfhe$221,meleC); red the reduction zon the come caruratin te 56; tion todsoueare ¢/.Grought Ia tothe alowfrat, thered materials becomesecond,thorough dried heat; Io the theby theor {reduced to a protozide, and Sally to. metalic foo, TaRiuh carhureld yaroges, tneod certia bye ‘Janleweidges,gus carbonic or raporcdof Cyauide of olaaiutn; othe tallenblewithstate preseot faacombioed is comes ofthis fonemue thetheron fart Exrburation meta carboa, prox Stage a kyon whch on fling ato te ower of Butigenbech's the france, blas-furnece ls fo arranged thet the hase is

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Independent sac whieh of isthe Aa astof thefurnace. orl th age i fora nla (2). the shatt ‘itt cae’ fustsons crowariog

theyand the tayeres by wae protected seoferboxen: The gusct fre lod off by wens

fellow cotunus, sthichsorveasdown: {kes and also sup gallery. Fig. 6223 is a vertical section of the smeltingfurnace commonly used in the Pacific States. Four cast-iron columns, from 8 to 11 feet high, supporta square cast-iron plate d ‘Sineling- Furnace, with a circular is buile hhole ebout 4 feet in diameter. On thi plate¢ through opening an the stack b of the furnace, with and ‘which the furnace is chatged. Under the plate of inside the columns ia built. the cylindrical shaft the the furnace, filling the space from the plateandto disground. disatuyere, and ¢ the stirring charging hole, ‘The aveting furnace of Shropshire, Eoglnd, isa stone and ‘rik structure offst « high,truncated Conical for, 46 and Ste boutDona £1,800; andere quired ine construction 100, tri, 3,900 tro-beicks, und 825is Dowie, Tef ironproduction per weekand allt Birger agof calcination, mentioned neluiog the coal iseatimuted thatobtala 34 tonea oftoocoalof to reulred tre feutiron.” The dutaped ‘proportions foto of18 hefarascomaterials: are og14f 08tonsoneof cake,fie rmsd producog 24 hours, fone, everyprom ‘ond enerof i sidenour hill ‘advantage i taken

tomake & aulconvenient charging delivering.access for Te the iat, repre: ents reguletiog-éylinder, feet ia diameter andloaded hight wit “Smelting: the featiog piston, PacificFurnace States,of he srejghte, proportiouate. to wide, “the 11 Inches of the machine, valve SinghesTovg, ths

ito “tmthe pusuplogeyilader 7 wich the alt into the fored i bla the wbich at aperture tho regulator; diameters fa Baches i pipe ‘rhe end pipe and the 9oreet etion spiny let isthepumping [it'wlder Fecal sethie blenn bo tude, the cheowingar wteokeor withla withhaving pion Piston, thelowing in Wamieter igh, ead Ofeet valve is ths J, to 7 fest; offfrom ‘of6 which over severalbelagdistributed there ire sometimes proportioned ares ofo each of the pation,prtheof sto face taporing masonry teietnntergE blow Bunge the fsaticbed which to yliner, Fegulstinge sunple turuor cock,by the and a the afey-valve {ngeeylinder’ abut offshe;from1, thethe to'oFopposite nay be admitted blastcollateral of whichg the tom IngFurunee,puatn the on tube ‘coters the furnace, the end of the shal pipes of receivesnose-pipes the tuyere called. which approucies er ipsticiacters, ches 3 ta 2 from jou‘npplied ut plesaure, aa the strength aod velocity of the ese Dsst Pig. 6204.

Shropshire

ae ERE Smelting: Furnace

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called, which conduct the formed molten hy oreeacht setfed, of thebandepigsaterin the Bea Nitheve are nicely the ‘Previous east has been cooled and removed "You see, there theae 28.Sow pigsInton'a4 pieced, bed, and 4 pigs sow; weIn theof wig, the each break they that's, ‘There are18 beds,ekat,snd Atconsequently there are gutters 480 pigs,or orsows about w Dranch ofthe each each a Tibantons the prevents whichbelowhe him with with Yeda pede, stationedinto'his Hietal isHowing Until the bed is Aled, tren Sand, be(urnasuddenly iefoto tabsplaces his own bed’it, and,Te cutting next fa ofthedoesof owthethe dowa: saune tack aide one on beds t h e a l when and Tautousion, ‘reFumeBed,bthe the fow process is toed repeated fa the same uncer lato the other ntprepare all re forAledthat when he ur elay by closed Haske the ‘pentgin Nowrtubpliee of coalof smelting ore, and finettene fa 12 Bours.” nextconversion on for oarethefordumped operationlo used either forgoeseating, ‘td‘Thehe pguron into et. pugdling, by swrougtieseon foronce for patented tag fa althe ‘Stas ore Hite with atone coat, thus dase ¥y the foventor: "1 and furuace close 8 re, of ndabtages the itself drithin ve theopeheaofn rthbeat n, bybel8 ngproper ttastabo«degre tio tha e all por upper or lor Tn iththenathracite excitedthen cam posibly be obtained In tbe coalgreater ‘generatedfire much Crlinary with charcoal: while the lower portion, opening. Into the hearth and permitting the free action of the blast uf or forge perfe . ope becomes icsof ofthe thetuyetes, perfor ll to he theregion burthens the oro, extending ‘The part of thentheBast»Aare theThetafluenee below {ectly used;suaud, thepassing Buren ron. pe iSelen gather bars, dheand taates'are rted byby tongs being temporantysuypo heby floor of theom ether buliogse Is of ofwhieh fine sand, dvided into ‘wo taken €0 the forge: enoved whichis ow, {toa arts 8 track, gutters, of runner, are Hammer!” forme alending from thegutters, moth cr of4tes,the asfurusce” equal ire tances re # Emineh they areAttechaleally Tealing bor rantothetheGreapseOur Mut cada of A lei fo facing Teal aud aver aneling nd nretog, This @ Beliows. Piva i)ens the fon of al ra ‘Stumon contin he with YellowsSolonto {ie doesnotto preven nde refx he ven elon we ane i By thet "So aueribes the invention the tates Anuthans the Sept whe wascreval ‘or theto bsappone, siriadattion whlch opezingeot Thedtlanodofavestr he yiters heland areeteraso ean ase them ing sa Mara en heal int Se n ea hei ofthethe vain a fie Non Anka were itrnately™ ile. aud cape eri Sle! anne Vals okie of Bagish hth a tar eas cal chet Poiere Tung Wr ltr a t i ing aie by et Me tach Hner enontadth ry rally rit on chat Re Moen Act, “ecu fan ththe taugeered to, fortSeeand its Eleahel and ivase in aya rect fen are shown working bellows withthe see rete oad rowing the w a g the bag ltemate arly n raio aig wit natscanehone thembichra toot eshathe Prine Spint, ting et the potters wee the afie of tl Seatonan Tipe Fee abt for te ed ef elon may Mi ke ae ofthe furnace fromof thethe Interaal top of the parts bosbesof upward, 3 fet44 higfot ‘mE, fota hight the furaace, 9; tho ising;on this ts done18 faInchesthe long niveat andmanner, with thick,Bre. ‘ridks'imade purposs, 3 aches 3 forfchesthe of theapaceRatis ieg, outthls rowith thecoal-dust; teeny Pag and, aud Bled allowed expanilon whlch mightby heat take place indescending consequenceto theof theBottgwell-of fog of the materials When the fornace.lintel 7g, ue second lining,of sillar to Isthesupported Sst. r, ‘curtirom on’ wuich the Bottom the arch ‘rhe feet sue wide. of the arch on the ofoutside I 4 fee10 igh AUIS ew are thethearehextremen the earth, feet thiuare; this and the Dorh-etones are always sia from’ coarse [ited ‘Stqunrt,feestone, connecwhoseby afracture cementirepresets pure large rounded grate fe dederipton by ofantheion-master, as given Ly JR. Chapla, proven idea given “Youa somite must know thatproportion there areofabout 140toustone of ore, of material 4m‘of hecoal, furanee, In the 6 to 76 tome and 18 to 20 tons of limestone,fed fato the furnace at the opésing above with Thew hollow furoace spaceIo 40"or feetMask nquare atthe bottos, ‘tat fect highy center, Mined with Srerbrick, and about 14 feet ln diameter. ‘The tua: terial dumped fate the fursare becomes melted, a u d the iron, being the heaviest, slaka theto aurace, the bottom,and, while Upon water: oats upon haviogthe an uz,afeltylike foraf ihe drs ofhe7 coal a d ron, it gray hoe slag. separThe Tahalkd sealed

eet Stneefanl n tllagst tinue i via cosintng of two

Tore out of worl waa wha sing of bark taken

od ed eae gyeg loo

‘wo uch ionsuch udwas ateroately would gives contin. nus bag the encour forget: vee"Roi of hollow eytioders, maeRoman tela loge, sud hang into ataatdof bamboo by oanor bom) a ara Greeks ined aitby onus. ior of ether waa Ta erly hoown {othe S e fig: Inthebole Spirdafa ofwhiehHero, tat 150 nt deserted frm ee ‘el emacs with stem iy aes ato the SS oc faroncr, with four tuyere,are abow fo the faint: {intconnecton agp of Kourng,sithTheisa nneling "The tlow-pipe reat a and tongs te mention ofthethe taraig o the tallow snah'v 2 acre one Ben conectionin Jere with

ani, ose lke' Chien a form, to {levee in f s duplestad ou te tia tice ‘Southconst Ameria,of Be ‘nae Tetons ator ar ithe reclprcatingpie fon 6 and two elustion tiles 6,

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 Aoableaction find‘on the {Sts und nthe cat

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bellows, worked bythe twofage peony, who mide toa ie pachine, rast with dee expendingalter them nthfarmace thelr porfe, uxaehowe tive dhehe oar ale att tothe Phere nusd decent acs

ieon bner eseiad ipaSOEURdtaehateuint ct in grunt tee ie rie Eee eel Sonne aes Si Sarasa Ca by the Foue aeellows employed aad rent aa Seri Fig, 48 tows

aig

From Popular Mechanies 1925 Stump Puller a heys In upperA Simple up Wisconsin, where thousands of acres of cut-over timberland Eg being eared for agricultural purposes are est

peat manne hie rer oe, though utSuen continuout awe ‘ei,on leace ————— a Ot= a "Truth functionality,” generally begun after the first year, when she corrects a mistake: “That's not a dog, isacat” » “Felicity,” which means that the manner of speech must be appropriate to the situation. > "Verisimilitude,” when she allows ‘ child to place a box on his head and pretends it is a hat, but does not encourage him to do the same thing with, say, a ball. ‘Step by step, ina steady series of ac‘eretions of meaning, these lessons lead toward acquiring the gift of speech. Says Bruner: “Man realizes his full heritage when he reaches language. But he is doing things along the way which are also ‘quite remarkable.” ‘The above article from TIME, Aug. 8/16, shows that.a baby's cries are often attemptsat actual communication. No ery should be ignored. Every ery should be answered, either by a reassuring voice or by picking up and talking to the infant infant is ignored its brain will stop fesclingour latcormmunteatna, Ica time, learn to lie quietly and think its own. thoughts. You may believe you have trained it and kept it from being such a bother. Actually, without a constant exchange of communication between infant and parents, the brain will be stunted in its areas of communication. ‘Then when the child learns to speak your language you will wonder why he reacts as if you were speaking Chinese. “Why can't we get through to this kid?’, youask your mate Well, the kid could never get through to youin babyhood. His physical needs were probably met but when he wanted to communicate you shut him out. Consequently, his brain areas associating his own wants with those of others were

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not allowed to develop. He lives in his own little world as he did when he was confined to his crib. He may be intelligent. But his intelligence and what hhe might use it for may never include you. ‘When he fails to relate to you, he's not being stubborn. He just doesn’t have the concept of cooperation. He's a mental cripple and may never know it. He shows the same independence, and often stupidity of a eat, A cat simply is not developed to cooperate unless it concerns his immediate wants, ‘You may wonder why I keep on about the care of children in such a paper as ‘THE SURVIVOR. But a child, living in his own little world, giving so litte thought to family needs he might as well be 2 stranger, will bea fantastic lability in any Survival situation So when your infant eries, let it know you hear. It sleeps most of the time anyway. The litle time it's awake is your only opportunity to teach it to relate to you. If you wait until its brain has Geveloped fixed patterns of relating, or rot relating, to others, it will be too late. Your pressuring it after its brain is fixed will only cause it to despise you and be as opposite from you and your ways as it ean manage. ‘Window Shelf for Flower Pots (From Popular Mechanies 1913) On the ledge formed by the top part of the lower sash of the winduw 1 fitted a board 7 in. wide into each side of the casing, by cutting away the ends I placed a small bracket at each end uf the shelf, so that it would tit solidly against the lower window sash to supe port the weight of the plants

One of the brackets T nailed shelf and the other I held in place to withthe a hinge, the reason being that if Mth were solid, the shelf eatld not he put fon the window, as one end. mist. ie dropped in place hefore the ather, Such a shelf will hold all the plants a person can put on it, When not i t use, it can be removed without marring tie cas.

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(From Popular Mechanies 1915) How to Make a Cartridge Belt Procure a leather belt, about 2¥% wide and long enough to reach about the waist, also a piece of leather, 1 in. wide and’ twice as long as the belt, Attach a buckle to one end of the belt and rivet one end of the narrow piece to the belt near the buckle. Cut two slits in the belt, a distance apart equal to the diameter of the cartridge, Pass the narrow leather piece through one slit and back through the ‘other, thus forming a loop on the belt to receive a cartridge, About % in, from the first loop form another by cutting two more slits and passing the leather through them as deseribed, and jam

—=

Sasa iidne Caries

0 on, until the belt has loops along its whol€ length, The end of the narrow leather can be riveted to the belt or used in the buckle as desired, the latter way providing an adjustment for cartridges of different. sizes.— From Popular Mechanies 1915 A Vegetable Slicer

A tinfor bucket of can when makes no: a. Ghet good sifer vegetables tee enoneare catA humber of slots ie (une) Doiicoeineer Gan, and the lower edge teach slotto stignly tured out forint cutting sage. The vege: table f o paced agatst the top down of the overcan andthe pushed. Tots Each slot will cut off a alice which falls Inside of tho ean, To Prevent Baking Ovens from Scorching From Popular Mechanies 1915

[A gorare d method to prevent baking scorching or burning Dusty sand hd siltistoon thesprinkle bottoma mistore where theof pans are placed. This affords away of radiating theabsorbs heat fruit evenly.juices,‘The whiehmi ture also may tbe spilled in the course of cook: Inge exsly shan which ‘Thekeepscovering the oven is clean’ The tens

proportion is half salt and half sand.

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SURVIVAL GROUPS AND THE INDIVIDUAL by Kurt Saxon Survival, to the average person, is walking away from a plane crash or finding his way out of the woods after a camping trip that went wrong, To some others, survival is escaping the divine retribution soon to be Visited upon a sinful planet Still others see survival as overcoming the evil manipulations of alien socio-political enemies, ‘Then there are those who fear a nuclear holocaust or social upheaval and to them a place of temporary refuge is the answer. Very few want to look at the overall picture. ‘The overall picture was illustrated a few years ago by some social scientists. ‘They created a paradise for rats. The rats were put into an environment of good weather, abundant food and adequate space. Following their instincts, the rats bred like rats. Alter atime, the only scarcity was space. This created in the rats a demand for identification with some rats and a rejection of other rats. Gangs formed, with each rat considering the rat in his own gang an ally and the rat from another gang an enemy, As tortitory decreased, it was fought over by the gangs. Females of rival ‘gangs were actually gang-raped. As little rats became more numerous they received less care. Mothers would often abuse -and even kill their own nestlings. ‘As conditions became even more crowded, territory became less important. Pairing off for mating decreased. Any female became an object for gratification for any male. Finally, any rat was game. Some rats even came to prefer homosexuality In time, the experiment was completed and | suppose the social-scientists simply destroyed all those rats. But was that divine retribution? Was there a sinner among them? And could the smartest rat, a political rat, have solved their problems? Even in this chaos there were some rats who were close to their mates, who still protected and showed affection to their nestlings. Could a rat with some sense of morality have benefitted them by preaching the coming of a perfect ral who would save the moral rats? Nothing short of a system of enforced control of fertility could have held off the rats’ doom. And unless it were applied long before their situation degenerated, the average rat would live out the remainder of its days a confused, perverted, human-like creature, We have nearly reached the point at which the rat experiment was completed. The average human is a confused, perverted, mental defective. Social and environmental pressures are building up to the point where the ‘outwardly stable will break and head straight up the wall along with those rats. ‘Alter several years of freakishly good weather, our planet's normal climate is returning. It will blight the tender hybrid food plants which have sustained our ‘crowded cities. Unrenewable resources are running out and becoming higher priced as they do. Thus, fewer people can maintain a life of gentility and consequent morality, The average person on our planet feels the effects of the mounting pressures. But he has no way of getting the whole picture. Without the whole picture, he can't be expected to understand what's really happening and to prepare accordingly. He must be content to accept the popular opinions given out by whatever news media serves him, ‘Although network television will run a special on climate changes, a special on mental defectives, a special on crime, a special on population growth, etc., not one network station will wrap them all up into one disaster special. The average person will not see all these specials. Spaced apart as they are, even if he should see them all, without survival orientation, he can't be expected to

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THE SURVIVAL GUNSMITH

by Clyde Barrow AAs our society continues to deteriorate land we retura (o simpler times, very few present occupations will have any value oF importanee, The barter system will soon prevail as the medium of exchange. Unless you expect to be able to provide all of the needed goods and services for and your family, you need the yourself ‘means to trade for these necessities. ‘Asa professional gunsmith, you are in an excellent position to guarantee your survival during any economic or social crisis, The gunsmith will become a vital member of any survival group or ‘community. Your services will be sought by everyone owning or using a firearm. Gun sales have increased greatly in recent years. The majority of these new gun owners have neither the skill nor the facilities to repair their weapons, If you aren't already a gunsmith, you will heed a Federal Firearms License to freely practice the trade. See issue three, page‘When24. the availability of manufactured goods begins to slow and possibly ceases, will be the sole source of supply for You all firearms related items in your immediate area. A. supply of replacement parts and accessories, along with a small manufactto write your own ticket. You ean trade your valuable services for virtually any need you may have; food, medicine, fuel ete, ‘You must prepare now to assure that ‘you will have sulficient. supplies to meot these future needs. While the stockpiling of items like coffee, sugar and gasoline in times of inflation and general shortages is looked upon as hoarding, the prudent gunsmith should engage in precautionary buying of gunsmithing supplies. Many of these specialized materials may soon ‘become scarce or unobtainable. T suggest that you sell whatever surplus posses sions you now have and invest in the following items REPLACEMENT PARTS. While itis impossible to stock parts for all makes of firearms, a determination of the most popular guns in your immediate area will help to focus your efforts. You should also collect an adequate stock of parts to maintain all of your personal guns. ‘ACCESSORIES ‘The key here is bulk buying.

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combine their findings into a whole picture of coming disaster. ‘So a person who is survival oriented can indeed feel alone. There is a natural urge to seek allies or refuge to help him to survive. Taking unfair advantage of this are survival hucksters. They are all doom shouters but all most of them really offer is an address where you can send them your money. Some promise you thelr own brand of political action. Some promise to pray for you, since you don't know God's language but they do. ‘Others buy a section of land out in the boondocks, They say that for X amount of dollars you can come there and find refuge when conditions in your area become intolerable, For my part, | can exclude the political gangs and the “Divinely Inspired” from THE SURVIVOR. | can provide my findings and opinions and even a forum for the findings and opinions of others. | may unwittingly even promote the survival programs of fools or even frauds. So when you boil it all down, you are your only real hope. The end of civilization, as we know it, may be worse than you can imagine. But living through the coming chaos and then helping to bulld a better system will be worth all the hardships ahead. I that’s your goal, as it is mine, you will choose your survival mates carefully. Just as carefully as you would choose a mate with whom to spend the rest of your life. Choose your survival mates, not for thelr agreement with your ideas, but their value to you in survival situations. ‘Say your political opinions are leftist and you are a chemist who can make ‘excellent gunpowder. You meet a rightist who is a gunsmith, He knows a deeply religious person who is an expert at reloading. You three need each other. Will you reject them because they disagree with you? Can you find two others with their skills who share your ideals? Can they? It's possible, but not probable, and you know it. When you get together, express your philosophy. Hear theirs. Next, agree to disagree and then drop it. | don't mean shut up. | just mean you should never consider thelr agreement with you to be more important than their usefulness. This attitude will insure that you will not be stuck with any lovable, parasitic dummies who happily agree with you completely but can't do or won't learn a damn thing ‘Groups who band together because of a common philosophy break apart for lack of mutually helpful skills. So forget Christian Communes, Marxist Collectives or Aryan Valhallas. In fact, the more divergent philosophies your members entertain, the less chance they will have to form little cliques and factions. Besides, you will be happily surprised to find how differing political ideas cease to matter when you are People who can actually do something. ‘Aside from the consideration of survival mates, there Is the consideration of the area and the type of area in which your chances of survival would be best. ‘Should you pay $10,000 or more to someone who promises to provide shelter in some sort of survival camp when conditions in your area become intolerable? (If you have some money set aside, possibly for just such a situation, keep it at least until you've read my next editorial, "How to Become a Disaster Profiteer”.) ‘Should you run for the hills, buy a farm, move to a small town or the suburbs? Or should you make your stand in the city? Betore running for the hills you should realize that there is no more habitable virgin territory on this planet. Wherever you are, any hunter you know will tell you that last season he had to go farther out for game than he did the previous hunting season. As things worsen, there will be more poaching, more game will be killed off and the surviving game will move further from inhabited areas. ‘The remaining game anywhere would just be a supplement to a poor garden plot scratched out in some clearing. Even Larry Dean Olsen would starve if he

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Ammunition, cleaning materials, gun oil, reloading components, springs, screws, and other often needed materials ean and ‘should be bought in wholesale quantities, ‘These can be sold or traded off in smaller units as needed. Even if no true crisis occurs, it is an economic certainty that prices wil only 0 higher, so bulk buying now is a wise business investment, at worst, and at best could prove to be your means of survival. Some accessories, rifle scopes, reload: ing presses, etc., are too expensive for the average gunsmith to buy in bulk, T advise you to buy as many as possible at wholesale prices, and later trade them for ‘other items you may need. Rifle scopes will be in great demand because they will help conserve ammunition which will soon become a scarce and precious commodity. MANUFACTURING AND REPAIR MATERIALS Often it will be necessary to repair an existing part or fabricate one completely from seratch. Gunsmith suppliers. sell bulk units of assorted spring stock, high-carbon steel rod and gun steel Buy these raw material now in the largest, cheapest quantities you can. Any excess ean always be traded off to ‘mechanies, tool makers and farmers who will also need these materials for their prospective activities. ‘Thieves and looters may steal all of four guns. But they will probably leave individual parts and materials. And they can never steal your skills and knowledge, From Popular Mechanics 1915 New Method for Making Rag Rugs

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had to practice his woodcraft expertise on a permanent basis. ‘So wooderaft is only a temporary stopgap at best. Learn it if you can, but don’t plan to depend on it T would advise you to buy a small farm. That is, If you know how to work. You do your job eight hours a day, five days a week, fifty weeks a year and call that work? If that’s your idea of work, stay right where you are. ‘On a farm, you are a servant to your livestock. Nature is your boss. Your hours are determined by the weather and the seasons. If you know how to work, If you can toil around the clock to beat a coming storm, you can thrive on a farm and be happy. But before buying a farm, you ought first to learn how to succeed with a garden and a few rabbit hutches in your back yard. If you are the average survival-oriented type, | would recommend a move to a small town. Take some marketable craft or skill with you. Try for a house with about an acre of land. ‘A suburban home with a quarter-acre of land would be chanoy but would leave you with access to city benefits, while they last. I you have to stay in a city, | would recommend a fireproof bullding which can be easily defended. Don’t worry about neighbors. If they prove predatory you can eventually turn on them and secure the building for yourself and the people you need. ‘Stock up with weapons, trade goods and survival foods, whether whole grains or commercial survival packs. Wf you locate on a farm or in a small town, your neighbors, regardless of their beliefs, will stand with you against invading outsiders. In the suburbs or city, however, you can’t depend on anyone but picked fellow survivalists. You start by picking someone of your acquaintance you know can be of use to you. He also knows someone, and so on. Get together with a few of these men and women who share your concern for the future and make it a regular thing, maybe one night a week. Hopefully, you can find from six to ten Useful types in your neighborhood. If one or two live across town, arrange for a ‘move when the time comes. Even such a small group would make its presence felt when the rest of your neighbors were running around looking for leadership. In the meantime, be coo! Assign one to collect arms. Let another collect reloading equipment and ammunition components. Another could stock trade goods. Even if you are in a wheel-chair, you could collect how-to books and be your group's survival arian, righl YOU really have to be is needed. But if you don’ fil a need, you'll be a liability,

[Athebeautiful rug, similar inrugs; appearance tomanding old-fashioned drawn far less work, cam ean bebutmadede- machine The onlyand tools needed are abentsewing a long wite Joop themade shape{fom of a s plece'of hairpin. stlThe wire, foap Bent ean intebe$0 that the sides will be an inch of 30 apart, this distance depending upon the ageappear.A ce desired in the somplted Biece of ater trang denim,aso bunaps ticking,for heor tia neaded foundation of the rug: if tiekingand is ifusedthe have the steips ran crosswise, foundation hs no steps, i wil need 10 Betmatked with parlepencilfines, abut i apart, with s heavy thecarpetvags rags, used although ae torn somewhat Into steps,fatsas forrower, sewed to ether, and“Taketheyone needof thenot ragbe srips_and, Estening it‘withto the3 safety rounded end ut the wire Toop pin,shownweavein thethe ip around: the wire, av ‘rawing, 40: that the separate loops: wil

cae be{ake astheclosefoundation together thatas Naspossible. already Then been

BEEP place, thethestrippin on onin thethe Sewing mide imachine, ne, and sew running theby theseam dotted throughfine thein Iniddle, as shown the sewed,drawing, the foop isWhendrawnthe outstipandhattheeareSuit a double rowrug.of cloth loops acrossis the middle ofthe Ths operation fepeated, frst on center one side and then on the other of the row until the rag {s'completed.” If reach one pinful of waythe across, woven strips does not all the op fish at the theen, tow.withdraw the wie, rel Alter beencutentirely covered,the theShears. rows theAlter of rugloopshas are open with shard. shaking.of thethe. tedrug wil have all the appearance Duly “hand-drawn article

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How to Make Small Coil Springs From Popular Mechanies 1915 Procure a nut, having a small thread that will admit the size of the wire to be used in making the spring, Cut a

small notch to the starts, depth andof theprocure threada where the thread Smooth rod. theeads that will pass.nut. snugly through the ofthe ‘Shape fone ed of the rod to Bt-a carpenters trace if thereholeis nointhe drill chuck atendhand,to and dril's other admitBend onetheendwireof theat right spring angles wire and insert thetheread inthe in the wathole.wheBlaceshoalthe gube ofgripped vise,seeingand that turn thethe wire rod, Btis guided the sameintointime the notch cut atthe start ofthe thread. The andwire make wil follow the thee of the out a pefect Spring of an Closed even opening throughout length or open col canbe made by using a nut having the proper numberof threads — Landscape Drawing Made Easy From Popular Mechanics 1913 With this device enyone, no matter hhow little his artistic ability. may be, can draw accurately and quickly any Tittle bit of seenery or other subject and get everything in the true perspective and in the correct proportion,

No lens is required for making this cemere-just plain mirsor et at an angle of 45 deg, with a piece of ordi ary glass underneath, a screen with © ek fale and « board for holding theparts Urawing. paper. The diferent. may be fastened together by means of *{alow box frame, or may be hinged together fold up when eying aa 1Belused good tripod of heavy design should for supporting it. In order to

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OLD REFRIGERATOR

EVERY home workshop ene Unis nnd many is forpresseda ready. supnly of com: From parts Probablyair,svaiabe in yourthatlocalare bower company’s junk antlpile,siora serviceable compressor 2ue tank can be made, This old Fefrgerator fos ive dallasuntandwasan purchssed old puny tank and contol from 3 jun Yard for three dollars ‘The presturereand gauge ressure Tre valve are not essential, but make a better job ‘Although the a "compressor shown (s'a tin, singe wil do, Take the compressor apart,are tighten the bearings they foose, and “reassemble. The valves on most domestic come Dressors locatedof theona decharge plate in theand head Bolish theate seats suc an vale by rabing the valve pate 4 plecesof 400 emery paper ing ona onfat Surface. and gasKets, and Putin reassemblenew thevalvehead.reeds Light motor oil should be used in the compressor Hf thein new bearingsones.” in theNew motor are often bad, pres brushes Felp'a motor and, if you have access to 8 Inthe, down andthe commutator polished. If should you truebe upturnedthe ‘commutator, cut out about 1/16 ia. of the

yet the best results the sereen should blackened on the inside and the eye piece should be blackened on the side

hext tothe ese.over A thepiecoendof ofblack cand fnatd placed the eyes Piece and porfoated with « pin makes fn-excelient peck hole eraabject,f such ight asthe come iatow ng 1h tromoperation any given AB, stke the inclined mieror

THE

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UNIT SUPPLIES AIR

‘mica between the strips. ‘The motor and ‘compressor shown in the photograph are ‘mounted on a board with pipe legs, bu a frame made out of angle iron and strap iron is better, ‘Slot the holes for the motor bolts so the belt may be tightened. ‘Most tanks have at least holes; the one shown had three 34-in, three holes, With 8 busing, seduce the sue ofthe net and outlet so that a ¥4-in. ¥4-in, fare fitting can be screwedpipeintoby them. On the third hole use a ¥4 by 6-in, nips ple, and tap two holes into it to take Y4-in. pipe threads, are for the pressure gauge and‘Thesethe holes pressure contol. The relief valve is screwed on the end of the nipple. Use litharge and ly cerine on al joints, Connect the discharge port of the come pressor to the air inlet of the tank by a ‘cin. piece of copper tubing. suction port of the compressor is left ‘The open, ‘Start the motor t at what pressure the control shuts off find the engine. On most controls, adjustment made by turning 4 nut which varies the istension of a spring. Adjust the control to shut off at a conven nt pressure, which in this case is 50 1b, The relief valve should be set to blow off at a pressure less than the rated working press of the tank, ure fo dimensions have been given because they can be arranged to suit the equipment at hand. After a litle experimenting, you will be able to adjust the control to suit your requirements,

anc theae ineined reflected lata owaward. On ofaik-the ingHight x potion is agin rfeted an the ray ene ttheering srt the eye ige of the ‘onoperator produce the. pa Shown. he'in que, general leaving outlinedthe deals Ahetched tovbe worked up iter ‘Thin arangee ment themay ileminston be teed for i interior. shen god work

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lit le profit while insuring that they ‘THE HOME-MADE YAWARA STICK nice have in their little hands a lovely You don't need to spend over $10 for a ‘g00d, killing Yawara:stick weapon, You instrument of mayhem—should they need ‘ean make one, with the help of a hacksaw, it. that costs about $1.50. It is superior to T suggest two “finishing up” procedures the best of the commercially-available that will make your Yawara stick a ‘completely professional item models, Go to a sporting goods store and buy a 1. file down the ends of the bar so that there is no rough edge, following the standard fivefoot or six-foot steel (solid steel only, not pipe!) barbell bar. Don't hacksaw job. spend extra for the wrench and collars, oF b. use some attractive plastic tape to wrap the bar for a good eriv. for the cylindrical tube (the “sleeve") that is available with such bars. Tell the Don't cover the ends of the vawara stick, ‘Note: people witn very small hands salesman you want the plain bar only. might find a 5" oF 5%" stick more ‘When you take the bar home mark off ‘comfortable . The important thing is that, six inch Segments using a tape mesure when the Yawara stick is held properly or ruler. Tape is handy to mark the bar Now get your hacksaw and eut your bar (see illustration) a slight end protrudes at down into six inch pieces. Bach is a both ends of the closed hand. perfectly proportioned Yawara stick. Ifyou hold the stick very firmly, and if Barbell bars are machined at te factory ‘you know how to punch, you can deliver a wallop like a sledge-hamimer blow! Unless to be the right thicknes, for a ‘you really do have some boxing or karate comfortable grip. experience, however, Td suggest. you you saw well you should be through unarmed and hand-tohand combat— the bar in about five minutes’ time. A limit first-blows with the Yawara stick to SELF-DEFENSE! bar gives you ten Yawara sticks, two basic types. These little gems are all quite deadly, fivefoot gives you a dozen! Sell 1. Punch into the solar plexus (hitting six-foot a and and each is very, very effective, when ‘em to friends bar at $3 each and you make a hard, with a twisting of your entire body used as I shall deseribe Tlusteation (1) 1. The "home-made Yawara stick” 2, The “umbrella bayonet" 3."Ine “surprise-inthe-bag" (which 1 Sua just love to teach to the lady of the house ‘who is afraid to walk the streets withou. her husband and brother along for protection! In my experience of teaching personal defense and physical conditioning I have found that the most intelligent and alert people are immediately aware of the advantage in having SOME SORT OF WEAPON ALWAYS AVAILABLE. Especially is this true in such vermin-infested sewers and toilets as New York, where bongo-beating, drunk fn, screaming jungle savages rule the Tite wnkeale omymet streets, apartment dwellings and the social order. ibe Wed ari? T must add this, too: even with a high Mand way ako got Were degree of skill in unarmed combat (which I think is a MUST thing Survivor to have) the advantagefor of every beine farme is great. The rule of Survival Karate (my method) is this: use any available weapon first. Rely upon teeth, feet, elbows and hands last. Leave the gallantry for the movies. tn seitaetense, as in any form of war, hhe who fights fair is lost, In defending against. the unprovoked onslaught of some stinking pile of human excrement who happens to think you're an “easy mark” because you live and behave like a human being among the "tribes", he who fights fair is a horse's ass.

BEYOND THE SINKER-BASHER By BRADLEY J. STEINER ‘There're more ways than one to skin a ator to stop an attacker. And if you fre serious about your and your family’s survival. you'll make it your business to teara these ways. Learn them before yo. need them. Be orepared The KurL Saxon “sinker-basher” dandy, inexpensive, easily concealed, highly efficient personal defense weapon. Alas. with gun laws as they are land worse, a9 they areindividual getting) must. tne aware, survivalconseious afte~ epend upon improvised "weapons. (This wil apply only until The Day, when he can bring out all of his. cached goodies!) In this article 1 am going to go Beyond the sinker basher, and give my fellow Survivors some tips on improvised weaponry based upon my experience in

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 into the blow as you direct the force ‘upward into the opponent's body). This is a hook-type blow. 2, Punch into the groin and testicles. Essentially, the Yawara stick ought to be used to JAB, employing either of the protruding ends. Keep the litle darling ‘oneealed if you expect trouble, and don't let the ereature who starts with you know that you're armed. (A good idea is to stand with arms folded~stick ready, ‘but hidden from view.) Always stand slightly turned toward an opponent to protect your groin. These are the best “jab points”; ‘Temples, eyes, bridge-of-the-nose, sides of neck, solar plexus, groin, also, spine, nape of neck, kidney or scapula (if the ‘opponent’s back offers itselN. Without serious training over an extended period of time, no attempt should be made to use the Yawara stick against a knife-wielder. Since many of our city-dwelling skels carry blades, I suggest the following as a workable “last-ditch” defense: ‘Throw the Yawara stick—HARD!— right into the lout’s face or upper body (stomach) as he approaches. The stickis a full pound of solid steel, and he'll feel it. ‘Then kiek him as hard as you can in the testicles, then, kiek him again, ‘Then, get away. In future SURVIVOR issues I'l talk ‘about unarmed defense at greater length; but for now, just remember that simple tactie. In using the Yawara stick generally, employ fast, chopping motions, from the elbow down—never wide, swinging blows. Most of the street rats are experienced in fighting, and wide swinging blows that begin at a distance are exsy to block. ‘THE UMBRELLA BAYONET If you live in a city where scum rules, on't let your loved ones venture forth without their umbrella, Just in ease it rains—or in case they're attacked, ‘The use of an umbrella is taught by some jusjitsu and karate teachers, but Tve done them all one better, by teaching it in my own, special “ultimate” form! In BELOW THE BELT! UNARMED COMBAT FOR WOMEN (my. first hardback book on self-defense tacties and skills: available through Paladin Press) 1 urge the ladies to do the following ‘a. Get a good, stout man’s umbrella, and b. File the metal tip until i's sharp as an ice pick. Need I say more? With such an umbrella in his hands, anyone—even a slight 90-pound girl like my wife—ean put a speedy end to any

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barrel-chested skel who decides ‘mits where they don't belong. to put his ‘The umbrella bayonet is a fine implement of protection to carry for some reason you cannot carrywhena loaded gun. Don't worry about the cops you any trouble. No one's ever beengiving stopped because his umbrella looked suspicious! Use of the umbrella sequence is taught in my book, but here is a fundamen tal attack that’ provides defense in many situations. SEE ILLUSTRATIONS ‘The umbrella bayonet, like any weapon, must be used with maximum speed, the clement of surprise, accuracy, and total ruthlessness, In addition to the throat, the solar-plexus is a nice portion of the ‘enemy's anatomy to pierce, ‘A final word of warning: When you're standing alone with your umbrella don't forget yourself and try to balance the end in your palm. Most unrewarding. ‘THE SURPRISE-IN-THE-BAG Another invention of mine described in BELOW THE BELT! For this tactic I recommend that you purchase a good, double-edged British Commando knife or, if you ean afford it, the superior Gerber Mark II Survival (Combat) Knife. You should have one of these little “punk-jabbers” anyway, as standard Survival Gear! Get a paper bag large enough to hold the knife, but not so large as to be cumbersome. A bag big enough to allow plenty of room for a niee-sized dictionary Is good. ‘Take the knife out of the sheath, when Wat

Pace knife tovide be

Too recommend falling Wades The Taicbvien SMer Cat) ad

the Gerber Mark 1 Gig)

1

tit with you for protection, and inside the bag. Close the opening ‘of the bag around the handle, and hold the knife. For all practical purposes, you are now fully prepared for action! The bbag serves to conceal your weapon, but will in no way obstruet the. blade’s assage through your surprised oppon ent’s guts T highly recommend this little gambit for women returning home alone late at night. What a blessing to enter a dimlit elevator with your. “trusty” pointed friend! Especially when some sack of vomit shows up beside you in the elevator and would like to get to “know” you better. By all means, acquaint him Toreefully with your litle bag! He'll never know (literally!) what stabbed him! Note: a wellmade fighting knife in skilled hands is second only to heavy-duty sidearm as a defensive piece. But please, USE IT PROPERLY! The blade must be thrust in deep—right up to the hilt—and NOT withdrawn. Rather, it should be wrenched and twisted violently around inside the enemy's body. ‘This is akin to performing careless surgery without botheringto use an anesthetic. it is very, very unpleasant to be the recipient of such an attack. More will be said about knife-work in {future issues of the SURVIVOR, but this, little trick should keep you delighted for months on end. (Be sure to change paper bags frequently after use, for sanitary reasons.) Persons sharing my interest in close combat survival skills, and COMBAT. oriented martial arts studies should follow this column. You can't begin to imagine what goodies I have in store for theel!

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While you are on a planned long distance bicyele, motoreycle, or eanoe trip. If you tell him of your real intentions, he may feel jealous because he doesn't expect to survive, so he doesn't want you to either. So he may sell you a piece of junk, expecting you to stash it away without trying it out first. On the other hand, he may decide that you may become his savior and plan to tag along too. Let it be believed that you are to sive the radio a real workout soongoing under circumstances where it had better perform, or he will have a justifiably furiated former customer come in and sgive him a severe verbal thrashing in {ront of potential customers, ‘The vast assortment of good quslity Japanese transistor radios which have been available since shortly after the end ‘of World War II throw salt into the pi and suffering endured by those jungle postwar holdouts. If the Japanese had begun their production of transistor radios a few years earlier, a tremendous amount of unnecessary ‘misery would have been prevented,

By RON LANK 1 guess you know about the Japanese holdouts who continued to hang in there in the jungle for decades after World War We was over. What I'm trying to accomplish with this article is to prevent some well meaning Survivalist. from killing an innocent woodeutter some time fter the time of crisis has passed and the time of rebuilding has begun. ‘The only sensible way to keep in touch with the outside world would be by stuffing a small Japanese transistor radio into your packsack, along with some spare batteries, We are now living in the period of ‘quiet before the storm. Followng this will be the time of panic, for those who are ‘not prepared. This wil be followed by the time of rebuilding. ‘The problem for the individual Survivor hiding up in the rocks will be to learn when the panic people have finished using their lack of forethought to phase themselves out. It will then be time for the Survivor to come down and use his oF her knowledge to help others with the ARCHERY— rebuilding. ‘Trying to make contact on foot eould be ‘suicidal, as those whom you meet may be ANCIENT SURVIVAL ‘no better informed than you are and they WEAPON may suspect your motive By Alfred Norton Some of the small town radio stations are bound to be missed by the For thousands man has used checkerboard pattern of disaster. Give the bow for hunting,of years and defense, them a couple of weeks to get their Eyes the gods, such az,fishing Diana, goddess of standby gear into operation. the bunt, and Eros, god of love, this From up in the rocks, try when the sun ‘weapon “useful. Today many. found primitive is highest to cath their noon news program. At other times they may play music to help people like you to find their stations. Don't waste your batteries listening to music. News is what's important to you. Ifa noon search of your 90 to 35 pound radio dial fails to turn up anything, try bbow should be purchased. For a lady,a 24 ‘again long after sunset to eatch a more to 90 Ib. bow is appropriate. Aluminum distant radio station. If this fails, shut wa are not only stronger than wooden your radio off, remove the batteries, for a bat also more accurate. A bracer, or ‘week or two and then try again. after the arm one's protects Remember that you are not the only intelligent Survivor. There will be others. Different people will try different ways, Some of us will succeed, ‘The better ‘organized and financed Survival groups will enter the rebuilding phase need of bow ina dry place to prevent warping ‘your assistance. When the time incomes, to them so that you may be given goa ‘When one hunts, one uses broadhead lifetime career rebuilding the world. If you know the manager of a local radio shop to be.a reputable person, tell him you want a small, powerful radio so that you ean eatch the weather forecasts ‘one can control. The average hunting bow

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 {in 60 to 66 inches long. One can either use bow sight or three different colored pins catch & varety of fish, including shark. Shal ow water is necessary for bowfishing due to light distortion by the angle of refraction. Fishing tackle, reel, line, and fish arrow, can be purchased for less than ten dollars’ The best fishing arrow ia solid Siberglass. Since the target is within short range, feathers are not needed for the fishing arrows. One will have 1 or 2 barbs fon the end of the arrow. Often regular fishing reels can be used on the bow. For fresh water fishing one should have twenty pound line. ‘The bow has long been a weapon for English speaking people. Henry VIII of England had compulsory archery practice for all males up to sixty years old, Benjamin Franklin wished that the ‘American armed forces used bows. In the fourteenth century the English beat the French by using longbows against crossbows. Roger Ascham, author of Toxophilus (1644), a book praising archery, received a lifetime pension from Henry VIII. For all people planning to survive the ‘coming fall, a longbow and tackle should be seriously considered. Not only is the bow source of game and fish, but also protection for oneself and family.

From Popular Mechanies 1916 ‘An Easy Way to Make Shelf cure an ordinary packing box andPromar corner t0 Sommer fonin both k endsa ,Tineas from sho wn, from A to B Fig. 1 . Pall out all the theNail comers that may cross nailthes from fine the top to the box and saw i t the lines marked and two shelves willon

be formed which may be used as shown in Fig, 2, Boxes dovetailed at the corners will make excellen and look neat if painted. t shelves

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(From Popular Me fechanies 1913) ‘How to Make a Miniature Windmill points on the ground formivig an “The following descriptionmade,is how a ‘of the wheel to lessen the friction. from 8-ft. square to the hoard P at the top miniature srindmill-was. which The bed plate D, gave considerable poser for its size, of the tower. This board was 12 in. tong, 3 in. wide and 1 venaris, insuchalight breexe. Tes. smaller square and the corners were notched tapered from the rear bearing to. the to admit the strips. as blades and pulleys, were as shown, Fig. 1. Constructed of Trin, sugar pine on acLaths were nailed diagonally between count ofits softness, the strips to strengthen the tower later"The ight blades were made from ally. Each strip was screwed to a stake pisces 1 by 1% by 12m. Two coposte in the ground so that by disconnecting fdges were cit away u n t i l the blade two of them the other two could. be twas about 34 in. thick, Two inches used as hinges and the tower could be Wiodeitl Finished tipped over and lowered to the ground, for instance, when the windmill needed oiling. Bearings for the shaft G were placed 5 ft. apart in the tower. ‘The power was put to various uses. SE bearing

ee

2

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at tothe thehub circular end, They Were then nailed facede i i 6 ay which 1, Fig. Ay plate fincter d’ i.lengthened thick, by“Thethecenter of thedisk, hubB, anwas wooden we shaftwas C,nailedFig. to1, the face Fig. plate.” te The was Yin,in iheronbearings rod, 2detailed ft Tongein Figand tured 2w."as placed vas amit from a wagon bolt and i the Dearing to werewile9 Docks ‘Theticbeaame high i aa fut the upper il, Dott bearings totheshownhab ofin the Thewheel,shaftStaple, byC wasthe keyed metho so fromwe he hel 2s Tig. method Tis nb tie San. pulley inthe revolving Keying fn applied deo which e= Fy to the shalt, G, Fig.‘The1, 2¥-n. pe ground. the to tended Tey. 1 Fig. as4 “The keyedwireto shalt C, pat3 was Le imi Roun and the thecurvedhole in a8the(0 axle throught tHcoug pase ces two the tw holesgiveninthea pulley ater to which bend fal were fn pace. he method keepby they the plley vas kept ro wa aids washer ‘MC intervened betiveen the bearing block and the wire N, whieh was passed through the axte atid then bent to prevent its falling out. Two washers were placed on shalt C, between the forward bearing and the hub

‘The bases, two small pulleysobtained with screw H, Fig.iron1, were fora small sum froma hardware dealer. ‘hele diameter was 144 ine. The belt whieh traneferred Cito shalt G was thetoppower string,fromwitshalt Sectioa of rubber in itt take-up slacks ‘To prevent it from sipping on the two wooden pulleys a rubber band was placed of exch,bearing war “The inpointthe forgrooves the swivel determined by balancing the bed plate, ‘vith thin edge allof parts a board,in place, ‘Thereacross a Mé-in,the hole wa bored in which shate G tarned. To lessen the friction here, washers were placed ‘wider pulley The swivel bearing was. made from two Ins entof Waking powder cans, A section was out to permit its being‘The enlarged enoughof oneto admit the other, smaller fone, 0, Tig. 6, was nailed top down, swith the sharp edge to the underside of the bed plate, so that the %4-i, hole for the shaft G jvas in the center, also, The down top tacked, was G , lid, other fn te center of the board B; with brass ded furniture tacks, R, Pig 6, whl Acied as a smoothupon,surfaceHolesfoF forthe other shaft into Giwere revolve cut through both lids. Shaft G was but % in, in diameter, but to Keep it from rubbing against the board Pea Wein, bole Was bored for it, rough the latter. ‘The lower was ade of four 1 by 1 in, se sft long, ‘They converged

How to Make a Small Electric Furnace From Popular Mechanics 1915 The furnace consists of a large flower pot containing an ordinary clay crucible about 6 in. in height, the space between the two being packed with fireclay. Two %-in. holes are bored through the sides of the crucible about hall way between the fop and the bottom. Holes corresponding to these holes are molded in the fireclay, which should extend several inches above the top of the flower pot. A smaller eri cible is placed inside of the large one for use in melting such metals copper, brass and aluminum. With 25metals that will melt at a low degree of heat,

ace Connections such as tin, lead or zinc, the large crucible can be used alone,” Each ert cible should be provided with a cover to confine the heat and keep out the air. The electrodes are ordinary arc ight carbons. “The furnace is run on an ordinary 110-volt lighting circuit and it is neces sary to have a rheostat connected in series with it, A water rheostat as shown in the sketch will serve to reg: ulate the current for this furnace, Small quantities of brass or aluminum. ean be melted in about 10 minutes in the furnace—

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Preserving Flowers in Color and Form From Popular Mechanics 1915 One of study the mostis thedistressing sidesof theof botanical short fife colors in Rowers.” Those: who have found the usval method of prese

the cardboard insert a number of steel pins, one for each of the flowers to be reserved. ‘Take the dry blossoms and press the stalk of each on a steel pi $0 that itis held in an upright position. When the cardboard is thus filled, place it in the box, ‘The warm sand is put in a bag or

tnpaper plants by y presstire tokindslearn interested be between willwhereby Satisfactor of many a treathtent ofRowers may be dried so that they retain 2: great eal of ther natural form and as be gathered ‘The asflowersthe should fully have blossoms soon. opened, It is important that they ordertheyto Should dropsdry,of ainand orin dew, ince thembe of quite downwithin a heads. may befor suspended place, warm fewhouss a rad to begin with some simple Tris well form of fovrer box made lwooden ‘A large, tinstrongly necese be amount iswithbetter—wil —one’oftogether sucient the sand ary,aind to fill. Ifa possible, of as “silver known be of theis kind The ‘fine. very which that can be procured will be found estfar be therefore, and it must, from clean, washed. sand should Theof clean thoroughly be poured into a bowl foat on thewater. sir: will off and thrown of theis direskimmed Much face. This The water in added. and clean’ away, manner this washed be Send should a dozen times, or uatil nothing atleast remains but pure white grains of sand ‘The clean sand is spread out to dry on thorlayer.be When in a itthinshould cloth dry, 4 oughly placed in a e vessel and further feavy earilienwar dried in'a hot oven, Allow it to te time unt 50 for some through in the oven warmed ‘main t is completely ithat onein can scarcely hold the bare hands ‘Obtain a piece of hesvy cardboard bottomof At easily thein thebottom and thecut box.it t0 ‘Through of

some other receptacle can be easily poured. into the box gently, trickle slowly in so’

sand has been emptied, the cardboard should be removed from the box and each blossom taken from its pin. In the case of succulent specimens, the stems will have shrunk considerabl; bbut the thinner petals will be in an almost natural condition. ‘The colors ill be bright and attractive, Some tints will have kept better than others, but most of the results be surpris: ingly good. Whatever will state the flowers are in when they are taken from the box, if the drying process has been thorough, they will keep almost indefinitely, Flowers preserved in this manner are admirable for the decoration of homes. If they are exposed to light, care should be taken to see that the di rect sunshine does not strike them, as it will Tade the colors. Sprigs with leaves attached may be dried in this way, but it has been found that much of the intensity of the green is lost in the process, ‘A Home-Made Rabbit Trap (From Popular Mechanics 1913) A good serviceable rabbit trap can be made by sinking a common dry goods box in the ground to within 6 in. of its top. A hole 6 or 7 in. square is eut in each end level with the carth’s surface and boxes 18 in, long that will just fit are set in, hung on pivots, with the longest end outside, so they will Tie horizontal, A rabbit may now look through the two tubes, says the American Thresherman, The bait is hung fon a string from the top of the large box so that it may be seen and smelted from the outside. The rabbit naturally goes into the holes and in this trap

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from which it Pour the sand allowing it to that it spreads

evenly. Keep on pouring sand until the heads of the flowers are reached, taking care that all of them stand in a vertical position, The utmost care must be taken, when the heads are reached, to see that all the petals are in their right order. Remember that any ‘rumpled flowers will he pressed into any position they may assume by the weight of the sand. When the box is Filled it should be covered and set aside in a dry place. ‘The box should be allowed to stand at least 4® hours. After the first day, if only a small amount of sand has been used, the material may have cooled off fo some extent, and the box must be set in a moderately heated ‘ven for a short time, but no great amount of warmth is advisable, A ter 48 hours the box may be uncovered and the sand carefully poured off. As the flowers are now in a very brittle condition, any rough handling will eause serious damage. When all the

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there is nothing to awaken his suspition, pastHe thesmellscentertheof bait, long the tube,squeezes when iets doven and the game is shot into the pit the tube righting itself at once for anther catch, Thetop and sides of the large box may be covered leaves, to hideenable ‘A door snow placed orin anything the top. will the trapper to take out the animals. By placing a itle hay or other food in the Tottom of the box the trap need not be visited oftener than once a week.

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An Economy ‘Boot Knife’ & Some In-Fighting Survival Tricks

By Bradley J. Steiner ‘Americans have a cultural thing about knives as weapons. They don't, as a rule, generally care for them. Despite the few rare exceptions in our history (like James Bowie), bladed weapons were never ‘especially popular with Yankees. ‘This is all very unfortunate, since good bladed weapons that have been designed for hand-tohand combat are truly fine implements of personal defense. Not neatly as efficient as shoulder weapons or as the big-bore and combat handguns, I'll certainly coneede—but still, VERY, very efficient. ‘The best choice (in my judgerient) of an individual personal defensive arm would be, in the following order of preference, ‘one of these weapons: 1. A wellmade police riottype pump ‘shotgun, in 12 gauge, and loaded with 00 BuckShot loads. The shotgun is, I feel, number ONE as a defensive arm, there is sufficient warning before trouble strikes to get the weapon, and of course providing that you do not need a concealed weapon. 2. A Colt .45 caliber auto pistol loaded with good hardball ammo. The Mk. 1V, the old 1911A1 and the Combat Commander are equally effective in trained hands Unless you have a Gold Cup “Target” ‘Auto already, I'd steer clear of that model {or purely DEFENSIVE purposes. 3. A good fighting knife: [ recommend Loveless and Randall for those who want Knives that are works of art, as well as heing fine weapons. Also, anyone purchasing a custom fighting Knife must, have plenty of $88. These blades cost! ‘The best PRACTICAL choice for a fine fighting knife in full size is the Gerber Mark If Combat/Survival knife. Next is the Fairbairn-Sykes British Commando kite '4. A strong hardwood stick, between 24” and 48" in length, and about 1°14" thick. ‘So, as far as DEFENSE is concerned, the rule is this: get hold of a good, reliable possiblme. Otherwise, get ‘combat firifear a kate Carrying a stick for personal defense is nota bad idea, except '2. to employ it effectively you need to devote considerable time to practice (much more than is necessary with a knife)—and itis not concealable. b. if you are physically under-par or if there is a significant difference between the size and strength of you and your

assailant (and there almost always is) then the liklihood of your opponent getting you is greater—even though you've €. thegotause “weapor ofa stick is much less likely to really SHOCK and STOP an attacker. Remember that we are speaking about the use of improvised weapons in the most CRITICAL of EMERGENCIES—not in police use for controlling student demonstrators, or for searing kids off your lawn. If the bastard who attacks you or some member of your family is not stopped AT ONCE, you're in pretty serious trouble. ‘The right use of a knife by the defender creates a chilling fear in any but the most seasoned combat experts and fighting masters. There is a psychological advantage. to boldly confronting an attacker with cold steel in your hand and ‘murder in your eye. ‘There remains but one valid reason for ‘you not to have a stout “skel-sticker" with You constantly, after [assure you that you reed not spend upwards of $60 for one: that is, they tend, in their fulllength sizes, tobe hard to conceal. Well, I've solved the price and the size problem for you, Here is a method of acquiring a fine ‘combat boot knife, dirt-cheap: ‘THE PERNA-VERSION OF THE FAIRBAIRNSYKES My close friend, Bob Perna, shares my interest in mayhem,and its various forms, One day I remarked to him that I thought the old WWII Fairbairn-Sykes Commando Fighting Knife would make a dandy “boot knife", IF it was about 2" shorter in the blade,'I let it go at that, not any ‘more about the subject, But I thinking had planted the seed in Bob's fertile mind. Several weeks later Bob showed me a beautiful “boot knife" version of the F&S. Bob had cut one down himself, and, with a file, honed the blade to original sharpness. Bob worked the blade down by using a file—nothing more. He first, as he explained it to me, made cuts into the sides of the blade, then worked at gradually filing right through, until about 2" was removed. Like this

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‘The blade is important, and it should be fairly sharp. But the key thing is the TIP. ‘The fighting knife is primarily a ‘THRUSTING weapon. In sentry assault it is used on. occasion to. slash the throat—but this is a rare DEFENSIVE application of the Knife in combat! The point must be stout and very sharp. Ifthe at you engage tries to grab the blade, in desperation, then you JERK it back, suddenly, and slice a few of his fingers, before piercing his heart or throat. ‘A hacksaw would probably make the cutting go faster through the blade, but Bob assures me thata file, and a few hours patient work will do the whole job nicely. ‘One nice thing about ‘carrying the cheaper Perna-Version of the F&S, as opposed to carrying some high-priced Loveless or Randall boot knife is that you needa't be paranofd about losing it. And it matters litle if you dirty the blade with some bongo-beater’s syph-laden blood. You havea purely functional weapon—not a showpiece, like the true custom-made beauties that cost an arm and & leg. ‘You ean purchase the modern-made version of the F&S through many mail-order houses generally under $15, or through large sport shops that carry a good line of hunting knives. Look for the Stamp on the knife's erossguard that says: SHEFFIELD, since that assures you of purchasing a genuine British-made blade. There isa cheaper model made here in the U.S.A. and itis doubtful whether it is reliable even as a letter-opener. By cutting down the sheath that comes with your knife and restitehing the bottom you can make a nice concealable holster. T have made an inside-the pants holster for my boot knife (since I favor the Waist asa carrying place, and I don't wear boots in New York). Bob, the "handyman" of leather work, has designed a beautiful shoulder holster for the boot knife. No need to get faney, though. Just earry your blade as is comfortable for you, and in a spot that will make it PAST into action. If you need a knife for combat, you need it Fas’ SOME “POINTS” ABOUT. KNIFE WORK 1. Grip the knife as though it were a fencing fol—not a hammeror an ice-pick. 2, DON'T squareoff for a knife fightor let your opponent know that you're armed. GO FOR THE PIG! Fast, hard and ith utter ruthless fury! GIVE NO WARNING, 3, Straight thrusting is always the rule. Wide, swinging ares and slashes only expose you to a block, dodge or parry

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4, Thrust hard. The human body (even body) is surprisingly tough, as punk's 1 ‘your first experience of piercing one will ieach you. Thrust as though you were trying to put a dull stick, instead of sharp knife, through the rat's earcas will give you that added “oompt 5. Do NOT make—or try to make—re peated stabs. Once the thrust is made, PLUNGE that damn blade into the skel right up to the hilt! Then twist and turn and wrench the blade around inside of him. He will either drop down dead within 1 second, or drop down unconscious in a second from the agony. 8, Main targets fora knf ‘STOMACH CHEST (HEART) THROAT ‘The side ofthe neck is som: target, and TM not fault you ‘your dirk into your opponent’s groin; but by and large, the three HIT POINTS given above are where your thrusts Should be directed. T have no quarrel with anyone whose experience has taught him that i's a good idea to rub some poison into his blade, but T don't generally recommend it. After all, there's always the chance that you might nick yourself, and then what??? Also, keep this in mind: ‘The main thing is always to STOP the assailant dead, INSTANTLY. There is hardly any satisfaction in having him die three days or a week later, from his wounds—especially if he succeeds in making you die from yours. Unarmed and hhand-tohand combat is not a “match”. It must be over before the turd who attacked you realizes that there's going to be any resistance at all from you. One‘Twol! I always advocate: Finish the within 30 seconds. ‘That's for job beginners. ‘The goal is to start—and finish—any combative action within the very second it occurs.* ‘The initial thrust/stab/twist action should also be the terminating movement fof your personal defensive encounter. Don't aim for a twelve-round fight when your life or the life of your loved ones hangsin the balance. The longer any fight lasts the greater is the chanee that you will lose i “Here, of course, I refer to the PRINCIPLE OF SPEED. I recommend HE PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL DEFENSE by Jeff Cooper (published by Paladin Press) for an excellent dissertation on some base laws of combat survival In future articles we shall deal with more combat weaponry (improvised and

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standard firearm type stuff). Also, T have so many unarmed combat goodies for you that it makes my skin tingle. And more Knife work..and mugging defenses and s0 on. ‘Let me leave you now with one brief, but I think extremely important point, for the Survivor to fully understand, That is: ONE SHOULD NEVER CARRY ANY WEAPON UNLESS HE (A.) KNOWS HOW TO USE I PROPERLY, and(B.) WILL UNHESITATINGLY USE IT, IF HE MUST. If you “woulda't ever really use" your weapon, then don't carry it Carrying a weapon as a show of force helps very little when circumstances make TO USE THAT you actuallyAnd NEED FORCE. permitting yourself to asininely “feel like a big, bad dangerous man” because you're armed (yet are inwardly determined not to engage in ‘combat } is just to fool yourself. There are ways of developing confidence and determination in self-defense and combat ‘weaponry employment. They must be utilized if you are reluetant to truly fight to save yourself, Be honest with yourself, Proper mental conditioning for combat ig AT LEAST AS IMPORTANT as physical conditioning through the learning of skills.

‘with others who live here, and who are very dlose to you, you simply cannot ‘comprehend these’ conditions. Even if you (crazily) subseribed to, and received in the mail every day, the New York Daily News, you could not begin to fathom the’ unspeakable pig'sty/trash heap that New York has turned into. ‘The root-cause of the collapse and disintegration of New York into a ‘sewage-dump of crawling excrement is WELFARE. Welfare, and EVERY SINGLE “welfare-elated” thing. Like ‘drug programs, day eare centers (that ‘encourage unwed mothers to get free laxfunded education), City Universities ‘and community colleges that sponsor “open admissions", ete. ete. Consider, when you hear ape-brains like New York's Mayor Beame ask for YOU to be taxed so that the “Federal Government” ‘ean “help” New York: DURING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS OF OUR CITY, MANY, MANY POLICE OFFICERS AND FIREMAN WERE LAID OFF ‘THEIR JOBS. NOT ONE SINGLE CREATURE ON WELFARE WAS ‘TAKEN OFF THE ROLLS, AND NOT ONE CENT WAS CUT FROM THE WELFARE BUDGET! Men who risk their lives in apprehending human seum and criminals are regarded as “expend: ‘able", but skel-filth is considered INDISPENSABLE. It is all right for a police officer's or a fireman's children to live in hardship, and for a working man's family to be erushed financially, but itis rot, according to the wellareoriented growing policestate philosophy of New York, all right to take some of the puke off the “welfare band wagon” and let them FIND WORK to feed their ‘worthless bodies! Iimpudently, the politieal seum in New York and the human ballast. that it represents turns to the rest of this great Country and DEMANDS that the working people of America be knocked to their economic knees to help jerpetuate a system that is morally indefensible and economically reprehensible, Tn addition to WELFARE, the Civil Rights, Act is the other malignancy causing New York to slip into the swamps. Skels whose aim in life is to be “slick”, “cool” and to "keep on truckin™ are regarded (now, LEGALLY ) as being equal to normal, decent human beings whose aim in life is to live peaceful Guiet, secure and productive lives. A middle-aged and hard-working storekeepfer who puts in twelve hours a day, six days a week EARNING his living, is reinanded as “equal” to the swiny seum

A New Yorker's Suggestion by Bradley J. Steiner Our Voice Crying in the Wilderness Whether or not this Country Day (read: ultimately faces CrisisI think in large “Collapse Day") hinges, now that part, upon a critical decision Federal rests (God help us) with is ourwhether or Government. That decision (i.e. tax not to provide financialthe rapidly appropriated) aid to York. crumbling, once-great City, New Federal the by If aid is provided start better you'd Government, then Group looking - fast! - for a Survival almostto join up with, Thereafter, T can collapse swear to you, chaos and tragic will be not long in eoming. hopefully by live in New York. I will, the time this issue of THE SURVIVOR this reaches you, be living far from York New ago years “Sewer”. ‘Twenty was the only place for # writer/instruct: ‘or like myself to live. Today, it is the any productive last place on earth foreonditions in New man to live, The living TERRIBLE. York are so PROFOUNDLY that, unless you've recently lived here {for some months, or unless you have ties

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from the gutter that “bops” into his store from the street and harrasses and Steals from him. Living, noisy, arrogant, putrid filth from jungles, sewers andin Swamps come to New York now DROVES to "present their demands” foris their “rightful cut" of the booty which exacted from honest working people by a ‘subanimal bureaucratic turd that would better have never been born. The hard-working little businessman must “do without” so that each member of the herd of vermin ean “do with”. New York is America’s tragic, unnecessary living proof that WELFARE DOES NOT WORK, and that one eannot magically make animalsthatequalsays:to people by passing a law "Animals are equal to people’ Now the Federal Government is under pressure” to. “help” New York. What does that mean? Tt means that the fine and good people throughout America's ‘communities, cities and state New York's burdened with the bill for merchant, the the farmer, atrocities. The profesthe housekeeper, the tradesman, sional man—EVERYONE—will be bydrainfed and whipped into submission Big of Brother, so that creatures incapable dishwashus conscientio as jobs holding ‘ers ean live on a “free” income, live in and enjoy color “free” luxury housing, at the cars—ALL ‘TV's and new ‘American worker's expense! the social Tt means that WELFARE, it, will cancer, and the rot that livesof on EVERY become an_ integral part York, once COMMUNITY—not just New Federal aid is approved. beings every: It mean that human forced to where in our Nation will be trash and human the of carry the weight ballast. to sleep Tt means that when you need early the at night, so that you can arise the scum next morning to go to work, SUPPORT, that YOUR TAX DOLLARS S, ‘and who are now YOUR NEIGHBOR their with night all up you keep will crashing Taucous, senseless, blaring, stomping, their and jungle music, the leaping, jerking, bouncing, ofthat,the in dark clearings hhuts and jungle corners of the earth, passes for

happy, bright andl it means that polite, —wil eager children—YOUR CHILDREN drugs, an atmosphere of burglar fgrow up in street wars, gang fights, Keni rapes, muggings and arson—a ("Burn baby, burn!")—not to mention whichgutter philosophy called "Machismo”, recentwas ly Imported from a culture

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‘emerged from the jungle, and that, a5 its sex, basic tenet, worships indiscriminate"Mani: fistfighting and intoxication 3sAmerica n ness”, instead of those “foolish CREAT. WORK, HONEST virtues” called IVITY, SELF-RELIANCE, and SELF. RESPECT born of SELF-SUFFICIENCY. much, Tt means hell and despairlet and happen. t i Don't worse. ‘much, much Tecan olfer the following as a sane alternative to our Government's helping ‘New York to perpetuate the welfare state itstarted Let the United States President: Offer ZERO aid and support of a financial/economic nature to New York. Let the wellare state reach, finslly, the dead end it was inevitably headed for, in New York. ‘Then, PROMISE NEW YORK'S

RNOR THAT IF, MAYOR AND GOVETHE SYSTEM 1S IF, AND ONLY York will New DROPPED TOTALLY, assistance {rom receive immediate troop e Corps. TO the Army andEXTEMarin NT IS REQUIRED WHATEVER NECESSAIY, and FOR AS LONG ASableIS uprisi ng of the to suppress the inevit edly, protest the ‘savages who wil, expect tend oftheir freeloading ride. the ‘Help New York to return to being Capitalistie center and dFreeyearsCityago, ofit ‘Opportunity that, a hundrenot even a kind was, But offer no help,perpetuation of the ‘word, in support of the welfare state. as a "That is my suggestion. And, eventhe best er that itis who knows New York answer, [understand that it has no chance of gaining even a hearing.

UNARMED DEFENSE SKILLS By BRADLEY J. STEINER. situation and ATTACK! Brutal as my weapon—any weapon—it I you have against may sound, it nonetheless favor in attacker an be usedto unarmed combat. Only In philosophy should Temains the only effective one for eritical of resorting emergencies, when your life and fighters thesurvival do wethelrfind rearms, Sovels and g movies safety upon ignorings or knives to what you ofdo yourin thelovedfaceonesof hinges or dloregardin aggression. ‘iudgeoningfoe’ withInstrument DON'T FIGHT FAIR. STOP THINKING re engages theirba hands. TERMS OF “DEFEATING” AN “your opponhasent no weapon superior and you INOPPONENT, AND START THINKING do, take adventage of your The Side Kick,

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IN TERMS OF DESTROYING HIM, WHEN YOU ARE CONFRONTED WITH UNPROVOKED VIOLENCE. ‘Unarmed combat is “last-ditch” defense. {tis what youdo when you hav no e means of offering armed resistance, and when resistance must be offered. It is not the ‘gentle art of ” sport judo, and it isnot the “classical way”of traditional karatedo.Tt is desperate, bare-handed savagery aimed at obliterating an immedi violent threat ate toyourexistence. Tea my eclectic ll metho of hand-tod hand combat "COMBATO". It isa compilationof skills derived-fom these basic sources: KENPO-KARATE, WESTERN BOXING, JUTSU, and "MILITARY CLOSE: COMBAT TECHNIQUES. I won't engage in senseless debates about classical “proper” method, about Oriental terminology, or about the idea of how and the artis, how “wrong” a conglome rate usual idotc ramblings that present-day “martial artists” enjoy beating their gums order to convince each other that abouint, they really know their stuff. COMBATO is effective, simple, practical infighting designed for SURVIVAL. It works. It's worked for others, ‘worked for me, andit's andit offers EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES. ‘Now, about what you can learn NOW to be better prepared to protect yourself and those you love. In this articleI shall cover several extremely practical and efficient ‘skills that could easily save your life some ‘day if you'll spend a litte time learning them. HOW TOKICK Iyoulearnthis one single basic method of kickingyou will be better-prepared than, ‘most people to protect yourself—in certain instances, even against 2 man with a club or a knife. This kicking manuever is Applicable any time an opponent i ia front of you or to your side. Itis simple, direct, requires no stretching to achieve height, and it depends upon no martial arts experience or expertise. Nor do you have to be a superbly-conditioned acrobat to execute it. I will suggest a few effective methods of perfecting and practicing this simple kick, but first, let me explain its basic execution Assuming the opponent is directly front of you, PIVOT to, say, your left, by shifting bodyweight onto your left foot, as you turn and bend—opposite to the opponent. Draw your right knee up, to about the height of your waist, and let the bottom of your foot face downward, toward the opponent’s kneveap. Now lash out hard—with the full thrust of your hips and thigh museles—and let your foot erash ‘through the opponent's knee. ‘Throughout the kick, which should be

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withdrawn instantly following contact, the supporting leg hasits knee bent slightly, to aid balance. Your body is bent back and way from the opponent, so you are bath strongly balanced, and out of immediate harm's way ofa hand blow or knife attack. ‘Youmightcatcha stab or slash on the arm, but hell, that beats getting a lung or your throat perforated. his trick was taught to and used by the Commandos, as well as our own Special Forces people. Its so effective and practical that it comes close to being a foolproof defensive technique, when executed correctly, with speed, force, accuracy and the element of surprise. All these things eanbe achieved by practicing the kick five minutes every day. I suggest you do so, alternating kicks with the left nd then the right foot. You can practice in. the air by just imagining an opponent. Don't worry about effectiveness, either. It takes little force to break the knee. Only about 70 pounds of violent pressure brought to bear in a direction opposite to the one that the knee joint was intended to ‘bend, A child ean exert such force easily. A grown man in reasonable shape can probably generate a good 200 -250 pounds offorce after masterthis ingkick Practice kicking with the full bottom ot the foot, and later progress to kicking with

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 the footedge, as you perfect the move. Ideally, the kicking point should be the foot, edge, close to the heel, for maximum penetration and destructive force. However, a kick that comes from a shoed foot, delivered with the full bottom of the foot, willdo ample damage, beassured! ‘The best way to really develop an cffective side kick is by kicking a treeor a brick wall. Wear shoes when you do thi incidentally, or sturdy sneakers. Kiek low, iming for an imaginary knee. Never kick above groin height, incidentally, if you Want the kick to always be practical and efficient in real combat. Think ofthe knees and the groin as forming the body's lowarea TARGET TRIANGLE. One healthy power kick landing on either knee or in the testicles will put bully-boy down for thecount. ‘When the point is reached where you ean kicka solid wallor a tree full-force, without losing your balance, you've developed a ick that will down Mr. Universe if it has to. Combine your simple kick practice by kicking in the air—to develop control, form, and to learn the technique—and by kicking a solid object (tree, etc.) to develop confidence and power. NEVER actually kick anyone in practice. People take having their knee broken very unkindly, and the

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liklihood is that your “partner” would be unwilling to consent to future "workouts”, Spend some time considering how this beautifully simple and effective technique can be utilized. You will find that it eanbe applied even while sitting. Experiment. Practice ‘There are ofcourse more kicks than this ‘one in COMBATO, and naturally I believe in rigorous training to develop profiency all-around; but anyone mastering the simple SIDE KICK, as I've deseribed (not, in formal karate fashion) wil increase his basiereadiness considerably. FUNDAMENTAL CHOKEDEFENSE. NEVER attempt to pry someone's fingers off your throat. You'll be dead before you ean get a secure hold on them. .ifhe really intends to kill you. NEVER attempt to break a front choke by usingadoublearm "wedge" as taught in ‘many martial arts courses....you have a leverage DiSadvantage here, if the attacker strong, ‘As soon as contact is made—the second you are conscious of those hands starting to rip your throat—PIVOT to either side, and raise the arm opposite to the side which you turn, HIGH. Now, using the full force of your swinging bodyweight and the leverage of your arm against his fingers, CRASH your arm down, HARD, across his, hands (see pictures) and break free of the hold. It is your entire bodyweight and the force of your sudden pivot vs. his fingers. He won't be able tohold. ‘As soon as the hold is broken, SNAP the arm youusedto break the hold BACK, and whip the edge of your hand across either his nose-bridge or his throat—whichever offersitselfat the moment. As soon as that blow “connects”, shift your bodyweight onto the leg farthest from the opponent and smash his knee with a hard side kick. KICK AGAIN! ‘The key to learning effective escapes from holds and attacks is to LEARN TO APPLY THEM IMMEDIATELY, not after your adversary has had time to put his full power into applying his hold. Thave dealt in this article with the choke hold ‘one of the most QUESTION: “What ean do fT'm pressed up against a wall and I ean't turn or pivot to apply the defense you described?” ‘ANSWER: Grab hold of one of the opponent's arms at the elbow with one hand, as you bring your other hand up BETWEEN his attacking arms, and ram the fingers ofthat hhand sharply into his eyes. DIG HIS EYES OUT. As the choke hold gives way, drive in

131 close to the animal and kick him WITH YOUR KNEE, REPEATEDLY, IN THE ‘TESTICLES, while holding securely to his arm where you grabbed him, T cannot. stress too strongly that UTMOST care must be applied when practicing these skills with a partner. Carelessness leads only to the chance of serious, permanent. injury. DON'T PRACTICE FULL FORCE, AND DON'T ‘TRY TO SHOW-OFF. A woman who was well into her fifties almost knocked me unconscious once, when she reviewed the Camp Stove Made from Three Hinges

‘The novel the drawing fe madecampfrom stove theee shown common in strap Nnges. The hingestoe acy fastened etherends atwiththe Enter Small ther bolt, endsand theare Son ke into. boltthe ground, Should Thebe fate fheaded, and shouldup bens screwed tightly to make the Inge supports 3s rigidup aswhenpossible, This Stove may be folded notthe ineso use, but hitle space in oceupies ind ing equipment.

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 basie choke defense I had tau ‘caught herselfa fraction of a second too late, and T was (fortunately) fast enough to duck away in time to catch only a minimal blow across the head—which, believe me, didn't tickle. Twas struck even though I knew exaetly. what. to expect, and even though she (partially) pulled back. Your opponent ‘won't know what to expeet, and you won't, unless you're an imbecile, pull back at all. SoT leave it to you to decide how effective ‘your moves willbe. Popular Mecha 1925 Protecting Trees from Insects

In summer, whenor it ‘other is desired crawling that no ants, eaterpillars, Sect, Should is climb the trees, some kind ofa“Thebarrier necessary simplest and a onewide of bandthe ofcheapest, rethods isto place cotton biting around the tee at some con. Yenlent height, fastening it tothe ‘tree of the Batting, proedges The wice’ Wwith {rading from underneath the vite,barrierwhento Huledy present am impassable any‘msl, type of eratingnot affording insect oF «small aie the cotton foothold for the latter

SMALL ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

Popular Mechanics 1913, may be pastes hetween the plates E, hydrogen generator A small hydrogen made from a fruit jar, A (see sketch), fas's generated, which rises and passes two tubes, B and C, soldered in Through the rubber hose D, into the the top. The plates E can be made of Feceiver G.‘This is a wide-mouth bot tin or galvanized iron, and should be te, which iga lled pan of withwater,waterFe Theand gasine separated about % in. by small pieces veited over af wood. One of these plates is cor bubbling up. displaces the water and rected to metal top, and the wire from fils the bottle. Tr the receiver is removed when half the other passés through the tube B, which is filled with melted rosin of full of gas the remaining space il be

fight. This wire connects to one side of a battery of two cells, the other wire being soldered to the metal top of the jar,as shown, ‘The jar is partly filled with a very dilute ‘solution of sulphuric acid, about 1 part of acid to 20 of water. When the current of electricity

with the filled gas andwithformair, anwhich explosivewil mie mixture. It the near held then is match PTighted botles sharp report will tnouth te ihe hearofthebottle is fited with a cork nearly touching, wires two containing withthat ana connected apparatus the fnd manner a in such inside the bot induction col,be produced will spark cork oat theCaution wil blow the explosion itetr possibly bottle. breathe struck avoid ibeing to glass Should experi this f ofusedfying piecesbeted, ByMento ender noor contin and match Should alighted be Erought near the end of thespark. rubber litle aft ofan a explosive as the presence D,generator hose’ make will inthe would. probably. break Imisture: the jar which

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 Popular Mechanics 1919 ‘An Interesting Water Telescope ope is easy to inmake A water telescmuch pleasure exand will afford ploring plant or animal life comparatively, shallow water, The device is made by Biting 2 heavy glass disk into the end of 2 round metal tube, about 2 in in diameter. ‘The glass is fitted befween two rings of metal, preferably with a small Range set against the glass. A waterproof cement is used to fix the glass between the rings. To use the | “telescope,” restit on the side ofa hoat or other convenient place at the water, and set the lower under the ‘end, containing the glass, views may water, Remarkably clear’ be had in this way.

From Popular Mechanics 1925 ‘An Effective Cherry Picker with For picking cherries an rapidly elfective imple minimum of climbing, A frame is ment ean easily be made. made of sift Wire or li Iron rod, the gis being brought to: and gether forced tightly into a handle the proper fofTengen On the front of the frame.a of pick=oF series ing fingers, Rooks, are

tore part, sothem.that aheen two. methods

tened e fas Somerae t catbtt pass eatebe: ot cann frait the ilust 2 res 1 and Figu of attaching the hooks

Solder should be weed in both cases, to make the fingers rigid. The device is com= oven g a bagthe offruit close-w by attachin pleted as ie is to catch Fish netting picked from the. tree

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HOW TO BE A DISASTER PROFITEER By KURT SAXON will give you an edge over those who disaster a ‘rom profit to Planning simply plan to survive it. Attitude is of primary importance in determining It ‘you will succeed with class and style or will just struggle along with the herd. The Improvident will shrug off the warnings. The paranoids will fix blame and do little else. Those with a backpack mentality will run for the hills. Anxious types will cast around for groups who will take them in on the basis of their goodness or because they have some cash money. These are losers and if they survive it will be by sheer luck. But the one with the right altitude toward survival will start now to fit himselt with an essential trade. He will gather the critical commodities, tools, and raw materials needed to establish himself in a position of importance. The disaster profiteer will prepare, not only to prevail, but to make his mark amid the ruing and to forge his dynasty for ages to come, That's the kind of thinking which will bring us through the coming storm. ‘Thé common Image of a disaster profiteer is a person who corners the market on some critical commodity and then charges outrageous prices. Throughout history, people have taken unfair advantage of their less provident fellows. However, as bad as the disaster profitesrs might have been, their foresight and/or greed often meant the survival of many who would have perished without them. ‘The breakdown of our society will see the rise of many such profiteers. But i you prepare to be such a profiteer, no matter how wealthy you become after the disaster, you may still be a person of honor and respectability. now To be a disaster profiteer you must fill an essential need. If all willyou behaveneither know you is money, you might buy up critical commodities imported nor manufactured for some time after our present civilization ends. ‘Critleal commodities will fall into three basic categoriesof importance. First are absolute necessities. Pharmaceuticals will head this list. Anti-biotics, anesthetics, narcotics and medicines will mean life or death and will command the highest prices, Any pharmacist would do well to hoard such absolute necessities while they are still in good supply. Wl you area pharmacist or a physician and have access to bulk pharmaceuticals, you must prepare to be well armed and with a stable group who will help you to defend your supplies. Your main danger will come from addicts, any one of whom would kill you and destroy your supplies just to get fone lousy fix Next highest In value comes ammunition and weapons cumponents, Whole bullets, bullet components, loaders, gun parts, rifle scopes, etc., andwouldbuy insure up all your security. A gunsmith would do well to mortgage his home the gun-related items he can get. Just consider: pharmaceuticals, weapon components and just Youaboutwon'teverybo other critical commodity you can think of will only rise in price. parties or to an caught with a supply of goods you can't sell, either to private established dealer. Hoarding is like having money in the bank, its interest {growing through inflation. (This does not include gold, sliver, diamonds, etc., Unless you are equipped to put them to some industrial use). Using the examples of pharmaceuticals and weaponry, we come to the difference between the professional disaster profiteer and the amateur. Say you manage to clean out a pharmacy but know little or nothing about medicine. Anyone who knows more about medicine would consider you incompetent to manage their useful distribution or trade and would take them from you, even if that meant shooting you. You might be safer by cleaning out a gun store with its weaponry and spare parts. But aside from the easily tradable guns, unless you were a gunsmith you couldn't make proper use of the valuable spare parts.

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Hand Drill1913, FromHome-Mado Popular Mechanis Ta theegg oldBeater kteenof tolthe boxtypoI found a rusty shown in Figs 1. “A thoomaker ied doe

‘Delae of Hana Orit Gonatraction

sated av, Fig.ase 2, disanded iy{eaehin atro daepegging os broken Witha pieces of apparatus T made hand dsl forrelering ight workto inWig wood8. theor meta, By Chuck, A, with Thesem, tongB, wire were beter taken fromtaken ‘e's. from€, soldered the esterto frame and ire mal, the fame, yin ‘the pce of andthe shaped wire. as"Thochowndal frm were evt of tywus E.drilled ‘The osthole andin thea tube, small ear,StedG, ind soldered to hth withe geir sad onthe frou Ey, he er tims, aswher lip edhd, alter over eting th ‘ail, 6 he6, ie pDiake roper lore Tength yetth’neatall wasforthesvetesmalto gear, hand drillthe was Pleted by‘Thosoldering stem, thenB, ofcom-the Shack 0ere themadeendo by of Desking the fat arms off sev.E v Drills ingimachine needles above the eye as shown in Fig. 4 at A, and the end round to a drill point Popular Mechanies 1913, Vegetable Slicer The slicer is made of a knife blade, serew and pin handle. The screw is soldered into the end of the knife blade, ‘As the screw feeds into the vegetable

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So being a disaster profiteer is not simply amassing a pile of essential goods. You must be needed just as much for your ability to properly use such materials as much as for their possession. You should begin now to become a professional concerning any line you want to profit from. You should also organize, or become a part of, a local survival group. In this way, your specialty will be appreciated by people who will protect you and your goods. Anyone trying to rip you off would have to fight the whole group in order to get what you have without paying your price. The average survivalist will not want to hold the immediate power of life and death over his fellows. | know | wouldn't. Happily, my library of formulds and processes and my knowledge of their use will ake me a valued and protected ‘member of any sizable grouo. In this way, knowledge alone would ensure me the best that any group had to otter. So knowledge is the second critical commodity. Most modern knowledge will be useless when our civilization collapses and our level of applicable technology drops to about what it was a nundred years ago. Skills of the 19th century will be far more valuable in a few years than will the skills of any surviving nuclear physicist. ‘THE SURVIVOR should give you many ideas of 19th century technology you could start learning now. The science of a hundred years ago will be the ‘science of the future. ‘The third category of critical commodities is simple trade goods anyone can buy and store. Walk through your local dime store and you will see hundreds ff Items, seldom considered now, which will be impossible to duplicate for ‘some time after the fall. Needles, thread, first aid supplies, knives, hatchets, ball-point pens, paper, cosmetics, etc., will be worth more than their weight in gold when they are no longer available, The investment of a few hundred dollars in such commodities would set you up as a survival group storekeeper. ‘When considering commodities, don't be put off by their present abundance. Your local dime store or supermarket, along with the other stores In your area, will be wrecked after looters go through them. Most of their contents will be lost through trampling, fire and being picked over by looters. Your best assufance of having what you need is by buying in wholesale ‘quantities now. ‘You should see by now, that becoming a disaster profiteer does not require wealth. Nor does it require that you be grasping and greedy, demanding Impoverishment as the price for your goods and services. You can stay just as good and gentle and sympathetic as you are now. In fact, your good character and sincerity will keep you safe, even when you must drive a pretty hard bargain. In future Issues of THE SURVIVOR, easily learned survival trades will be outlined. Any such trade will make you indispensable to your group. That is the key to being a disaster profiteer. If you arén’t needed, along with your ‘goods, the temptation will be just too great to shove you aside and take your ‘goods, evan if this means killing you. ‘To Make Transparent Paper Stones Broken by Hot Water rom Popular Mechanics 1915,

‘Transparentand paper of parchmen tlikebe can which strength, appearan ce dyed with almost all kinds of aniline fsres and aszunes much more brillant lass, ean coloredmanner: ordinaryfollowin than inthe becuremadea white paper, madeg of cottonPro.oF Tinen rags, and put i in soak ina sate in alcohol of eamphor solution trated can forbe s0 treated the anypaper Wienup. dry, suitable forms into shades, ete or fruit, the blade will slice it in a curl cut parts of lamp of even thickness,

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Any large stone whose presence is undesirable in the fel or"yardy ay be boten up without the Sidaround of exgtosves. earth is d o g away tintll shoue three-fourths0 the stone lowed to burn ‘until the latter is thot oughly “heated “throughout, When femperature appromimati ng avered-hot. is reached, pails of cold water thrown fon the hot stone, which will rack open fnremove pieces without that onedificalty. nerton will be able to

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Survival Strength and Health

by Mike Brown (Hero of Wheels of Rage) IMPROVISED WEIGHT LIFTING EQUIPMENT ‘You've probably seen the weight-training and muscle building magazines the Mr. America winners and. their tremendous physiques. As works of art ‘or for aesthetic value, I am as much an admirer of them as the next fellow interested in physical culture, Unfortunately, in purely survival situations, such physiques serve little practical purpose. First, a tremendous physique requires ‘a tremendous amount of food to keep it going. Have you ever seen one of those eat? guys‘Second, the “showy” muscles that win contests aren't the important ones like feet, lower legs and grip. For an illustration, suppose three of walking across country packing, you are ations and weapons. One 240 Ib monster, to keep his strength up, will require enough food to feed several 170 pounders. Who is going to carry it? And where are you going to get more? Of course, if the weather is cold and the monster is carrying a bit of body fat (Most contest winners train to eliminate body fat) he'll need less food, because the fat forms an insulation. Tn my own case, compared to my partner, I can stand in weather in a ‘Tshirt, that he shivers in with a jecket. Tm short and fat, 6'2", 220 lbs. He's tali and thin, 68", 230 Ibs. This is not an individual case illustration; when T got ‘out of the Army in 1964 I weighed 160, and any temperature under 50 degrees ‘made my teeth rattle. So, decide whether you want to be a cold weather fatty or a warm weather bbeanpole and I'l show you how to go on from there. In the meantime, let's set_up some basi equipment and exercises. For ‘openers, you'll want to strengthen your internal organs, feet. and hands, in that ‘order. Building’ endurance and strength serves a two-fold purpose: you can keep going longer and have a better chance of ‘making it” if you get hurt. Probably the most famous example of “making it” was the 19th trapper, severely mauled by a bear and left for dead by his companions. Eating leaves, grass and berries, he crawled. several hundred miles back to civilization, In our own day, watch Japanese

134 prizefighters on the Glass Toilet (TV). ‘Their physical conditioning is so superb they. shrug off punches that would hospitalize an ordinary man for a week. To start your own training program, first get a pair of tennis shoes. Don't jog, RUN. Alternate wind sprints with cross.country runs. Twice a week you should work up to an hour of this type of exercise. If you start off slowly and crease speed, distance, etc, you'll soon notice your energy and reflexes pick up. Don't run on conerete. You'll crack the bones in your feet and ankles. Most prizefighters run in sand if it's handy. Over 13 years ago, my regiment (50th Infantry, 82nd Airborne Division) had an “exercise” against the Special Forees in South Carolina. Most of the Special forces we were up against had ju completed a year of demolitions, ‘weapons or whatever. Really knew their stuff, Most of us had simply been running four miles every morning in rogimental P-T. ‘Most of the manuevers I participated in consisted of a platoon of us, wearing steel pots and full eombat gear, charging. fter Special Forces troops. Usually they an out of gas” within a few hundred yards, and we just ran right over the top of them. So in your beginning exercises, strengthen your calves and feet, If you're trying to get eross country with a hheavy load on, you can't afford to have them go out on you. ‘Try this exercise:

1. Grip staircase with bare toes. 2. Stretch as far up and as far down as possible, Failure to stretch sufficiently can shorten your achilles tendons. ‘3. Grasp railing with one hand and place foot behind calf (illustration). 4, When you work up to thirty (80) times with each foot, get a bucket and gradually fill it with rocks, sand, or ‘whatever, to increase the resistance (weight), ‘The next exercise is primarily to strengthen your internal organs, though

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it appears to be a leg exercise. This is the deep knee bend.

Place the bar or pipe on your shoulder. Get into the squatting position Stand up. Do this 90 times. You should be pulling like a steam engine on completion. ‘Keep your head up and your back straight and your tail down. Do this like you would imagine a West Point cadet oing it. 3.

Using the same pipe, drilled for buckets, pick it up off the floor and lift it overhead 90 times. Try to use a with 2%" to 3" diameter. It will inrease ‘your grip strength enormously. Don't be in any big hurry to fil up the buckets and don't do the exerdise fast Remember, you're training for survival, not sex appeal. Also, don't do more than fone set of this series of exercises more than once every 48 hours. Give your body a chance to recuperate. If you still feel groggy at the end of a workout or ‘on off days, do situps and leg raises, One final note; if you've never lifted weights before, start out with only. 10 repetitions of each exercise. Then jump five at a time until you hit 30. Then start increasing weight. If you do 30 squats and then aren't able to move the next day, remember, you were warned. NEXT: A portable exercise device better than anything on the market. Also, how to gain or lose weight.

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GAINING OR LOSING WEIGHT AND A PORTABLE EXERCISE DEVICE By MIKE BROWN Losing weight is fairly simple so well start with that subject first. All youhave to do is quit eating. 1 don't mean smaller ‘quantities; I don't mean diet; I mean quit ‘eating. This may sound. little extreme but there isa two-fold reason fort, 1. It will give your body a chance to “clean itself out" and 2, IL is good training for survival. A halfway healthy human being can function ‘quite a few days on no food at all—hunger panicis more mental than anything else.A doctor during the Civil War found that by rot feeding his wounded patients they healed much more rapidly —and none of his patients died of starvation. Start going a day or two without eating and gradually work into louger periods. Breakallof your fasts gently—don't goon a tenday fast and then sit down to a seven-course meal. Your body ean't handle it ‘Once your weight is down to where you want it the fun begins. Trying to keep it there. Your body has a regulatory ‘mechanism that will return your physique to “normal” almost immediately. And if ‘you weigh 300 Ibs. that's “normal”. If you reduce Lo 200 Ibs, and stay there for a year then that weight becomes “normal”. In other words, if you go from 300 Ibs, to 200, Ibs. in six months and start eating normally for a200 pounder you will—because of that mechanism—immediately start gaining ‘weight until you're back 1000 Ibs. Now here is where a lot of people are ‘going tohate me—overweight (fat) is more than just a physical problem. It is a character defect, People get fat because they cannot control an urge for self-gratification. No self-control, no discipline, Basically, fat people are selfish. T don't mean burly people, I mean FAT—pot bellies, double chins, the works. And people whose whole trip is self gratification aren't going to do anything resulting in any sort of inconvenience. Like fasting, GAINING WEIGHT ‘There areso many miseonceptions about gaining (muscular) weight that it's hard to Know where to start. Therefore, I'l list a few of them and try to dispel them one by 1. Bxercise does not build. musel tearsit down.The food you eat and the rest ‘you get buildsit back up witha little ‘extra forthe next time.

2. Pure protein will not put weight on you. Protein, tobe utilized, must burn one land one/third its own weight in fat. If bodyfat is all that’s available you will lose weight 3.1t'snot how much, but what you eat:if you eat a lot of starch (bread, pancakes, te.) you will eventually get to the point where you start having headaches. The starch gets into the bloodstream and clogs the smallest blood vessels in the body—the capillaries in the brain. Bliminate all starch from your diet and your endurance will inerease thirty per ceat.. 4410's not how much of what you eat, but hhow youeat it. Slowly. A 59" 200 Ib. friend ‘of mine (Mr. Hawaii 1964) maintained his ‘weight for several months on one banana anda quart of skim milk a day. It took him ‘twohours to polish his meal off 5. Calories don't mean a thing. Anyone who figures on gaining (or losing) weight by counting ealories is acting from a serious misunderstanding of fact. If the calorie criteria was valid then a food ‘extremely high in calories that could be absorbed directly into the bloodstream ‘would make youbig asa house, right? ‘Sucha'food’ with extremely high calorie contents pure aleohol. Now that you understand what doesn't work: let's examine what does and the reasons why: 1, Muscles convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. 2. The energy sources of muscle contraction are sugars and fats. 8. The secondary function of muscleis to maintain constant body temperature; a source of heat. Muscle behaves like rubber, giving out heat when stretched, Feabsorbing heat when released. 4. Muscular heat comes from oxidation of carbohydrates. ‘Sohere ishow you gain weight: Drink whole milk (FATS) Eat an orange with each meal and glass of milk, The orange (CARBOHYDRATES) also acts as a super digestive aid and the vitamin C it contains is erucial to building everything from blood vessels to new rmusele tissue, Sip honey throughout the day in small amounts (SUGARS). went from 185 to 215 in three months ‘eating like this sol presume twill work for you too. Lama hard gainer. [am not one of those fellows with a ‘east iron’ stomach capable of making bodyweight gains on almost any swill.

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 APORTABLE EXERCISE DEVICE ‘This is known as a “eable set’ or chest expander. The ones you seein the Sporting Goods Stores are usually either made of spring steel and very bulky and inconvenient or of rubber that wears out in 4 few weeks or months. This one here is ‘made of surgical rubber, normally used for veins or arteries and good for @ lifetime. Surgical rubberisover $20 foot and each cable should be 31” for the normal adult male so buy them only as you need them. ‘The drawing should be self-explanatory. —— -—SG) € 5 ‘Surgical Rubber -— Leather Handles or Iron Rings (for hands) Plug is PVC or part of a wooden dowel or pencil Glue dowel inside tubing and then glue rubber halves together—use Tire Patch Cement

rd From Popular Mechanics 1919 Corn Popper Made from Coffee Can and Broom Handle With an old coffee can, oF similar in receptacle, and a piece of a broom handle, 24 or 3 ft. long, it is easy to make a corn popper that is preferable in many ways toa wire one. Take 4 Strip of wood a little shorter than the height of the can to be used, and after boring two holes in it to prevent its ig, nail it to the end of the han‘The latter is then fastened to the side of the can with two wire sta ples, as shown, Holes are made in

the can top to admit ai to the corn while it is popping.

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kind of stress for the right length of time, SURVIVAL AND MENTAL HEALTH at the level that is best for us. What we ‘They then discovered that by giving by Cyrus Dickenson don't want is distress! Excessive or ceqully large amounts of ascorbie acid Do you or a loved one have depression, (vitamin ©) thatthis aided the recovery, as unvaried stress, particularly frustration, distress. And this, in turn, can neurosis, hyperactivity, learning disorder, ‘his natural substance acts in the body and becomes mental confusion, chronic irritability, brain asa detoxifyer.. Thus, any lead to uleers, hypertension, and mentalor breakdown. explosive behavior, migraine headache or adrenochrome that lingered inthe brain, ot physical man’s greatest mistakes is to only of ‘One suffer do you If loss? memory term short still being produced, would be broken look “outward” from one of these problems and are twas for the eauseof his distress. down into harmless Substances. ‘This consider looking inward, to fails often He maintained by one or more of the many approach, unlike the use of phenothiazines, Many of ‘medications developed, manufactured and completely corrected the mental illness (so ‘so want to make theon distinction. long day, to day a distributed by the existing social order, Tong as one stayed on these vitamins) Us, when in distress lifetime) whole a (sometimes basis, {you might wonder how you or your loved previous functioning, or, as it term deal with it only by blaming other people. ‘ane can survivea social collapse and an end restoring ‘often was Feported, even better than any Often the distressed gives up on his goals, to your supply of miracle drugs. Read on previous functioning. desires, and ambitions. His expectations my friend: there isa way out. accomplished are steps important ‘Three fare not met. He may have to move out of a revolutionary two In 1952 there were her or his of off self one's weaning by or large population center where his developments towards mental health medications “and onto mega-vitamins. city job or educational family, discovered in North America, One was to ‘Number one: The level of functioning wil ‘opportunitifriends, es and to settle for a abound be praised by the established leaders of be greatly increased. Numbertwo: A great more boring) rural world ofis (if notevents. psychiatric medicine, and the relatives of leap away from dependencyon Big Brother ‘Quieter something and people those afflicted with serious mental will have been achieved. Medications are very wrong but justHe knows it what disorders, and even some of the ill Controlled by physicians and the drug vague. He may become more isandmaymorebe themselves. The other development was industry, Patent rights control the embittered at others for causing him to doomed to obscurity, condemnation, and distribution, andon aceessabi: hhave to retreat into less interesting, less ‘some laughs (except for those who were manufacture, other the Vitamins, drugs. these of {ty yle. fortunate enough to be exposed to this hand, eannot be controlled by physicians securelifest other hand, it was safe for him the Tf,on development ). The first, of course, were (they tied passing laws to gan contel but to look inward well as outward) for the phenothiazines; miracle drugs. And failed). They ean be purchased over the what has been(as distressing they’ were, as they replaced physical counter or through the mail from approach towards dealing with hishim,overallhis resiraints and locked wards with chemical thousands of outlets. The drug industry survival could be quite different. For a cell but, has no patent rights as they are natural example, if he looked inward. (for at last from straightjackets, Free little substances motion, slow for most, a life of throughout nature.biggest physiological distress) and recognized that imagination, interest, or drive. In short, a ‘Actually, found this is one of the he was not erazy but that his brain was not and of reduced reasons vitamins life of reduced effectiveness by prescribed rarely are working at {ull efficiency (poor or survival capabilities. push don't companies deug The physicians. tunpredictable memory, confusion, irritat‘The second development, as obscure as, own their do they as ing hallucinations, periodie blank mind, the doctors its discoverers was a laugher. What was them onname they which for medications, So, you can distracting headache, unexplained leth: this discovery by Abram Hoffer and brandcharge anything they want. argy, ete.) he then might direct his eoping can Humphry Osmond, while working. three: Number skills towards strengthening, fortifying, easier. vitamins Stockpile Canadian government hospital in Sask affects side and balancing his body chemistry (internal serious no virtually are ‘There toon Sascatchewan? Vitamins! Vitamins concentrated in fenvironment) so as to correct those vitamins taking. when Yup, that's it. Hoffer and Osmond synthetic of exception disorders. the (with fortunately did not have training as forms and milky in ‘Thats tosay, if now his mind is working found kind the vitamin D, when so did not try to “talk” their Vitamin psychiatrists its best, his whole mental outlook will at 100,000 of levels at taken A patients out of their’ illness. They time) of brighten. If my memory doesn’t fail me T ‘considered that mental disorders were ike LU. and greater for long periods ean canbe confident, even authoritative, any otherillness, to be treated like chicken reseription drugs, on the other hand, pox, cancer, ete, and to not “blame” the cause sideeffects at times, worse than the around others. If T'm not confused I can Many times, toa absorb information in a logical clear way his relativesasf they wanted to isease to be corrected. pbeatient sick. orThey and of course [ can use this information medication extra take to found that people suffering person has e a useful drug. primary the of ds ean becom my survival. towar from perceptual distortions, such as in Feduce the sdeeffects this at "stress" me give will This others. to resource about talk to T'vant schizophrenia, had faulty adrenal glands of out me pull spirits, my uplift confidence, what stress, which, under stress, produced the wrong point, beeause understandingit affects our fears my lower despair, depression and chemical (adrenochrome). This chemical t means to us, and how that I might not survive a social erisis. So has properties nearly similar to L.8.D. and ‘survival, can give an individualhis theor best her this important causes mild to severe psychedelic chance ‘of survival with If Lean somehow correct these internal capabilites. physical and mental distortions in taste, time, sight, sound, {individual The Tcan halt my retreat from the avoided. be to imbalances something not is touch, ete. They also discovered that by Stress ean become somebody, world, the of rest do to be would stress ‘giving niacinor niacinimide (vitamin B3) in ‘only way to avoid involves knowing I'm capable of in activity pleasure human take ll can very large doses on a daily basis the fothing at al . myself but for others, for caring only rot a to dangerous manufacture of adrenochrome Stress, from a game of tiddleywinks canbe this can tackle stress (the problems of life) not by the adrenal gland was arrested, passionate embrace. But just as obstacles but beeause it feels good returning one's brain to normal efined as the stress of pleasure,is challenge, fulfilment. What we all want the right to solve problems, I'd be able to do more functioning,

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at tie instead ontethan(o onejst thing one objective aa ime,of hanging 1 would capable of maintsining myneighbor, ob, caring foePuttingmy family, helping my and exies mente a hobby. all at once Si enjying i weSofcan wehandle ean forty our physical boty, (1) ‘more Kinds (8)of stress, 2) forel longer periods of time, a ahigherlev t stted earlier, vit soand i were0: safeThoseto lecthoButtinwa could do rdon e have mental probleme such a5 those mentioned would be foolhardy to tell just fnyone about them. First, they: would probably misunderstand. Secondly, they assign the wrong reason (eg. blame themight person forthinghis lines andSometimes tll him totheydo thejust wrong fr i) wont believe you.wrongTheywithmightyou saybut 3, there's nothing your attude” on “keep your cin up” ‘itera few resp those, lie one learns oses nottoshare isinner fears. ‘Now one canimbalance learn howthatto eancorrectso reduce these biochemical of coping succesfully . And hei capeblities cat be confident i He needs f assistance from aforphysician often he would not need one) there are now over one thousand Aoct pychiatratsAmerican who have medal broken ors way fomand (aditiooal prevention towards one.and ofmeganutri practice nutrition Through, ent therapy, They have recognized emotional Also causedand stob bythatimbalances rder ecanin thebe try chemistry they corrected by taking the right natural Substances at the correst foreachto individuals special needs. amon He wil ten complaints, vitamins, believe andmineral, respectamino 70, BndYour presribe ‘cid protein) and» spel det, Little or no.tmotonal emphasis will be placed. on. any hang-ups” ashebrainknowscomesthatinto38 thebalancechemistry in the anytelltwisted thinking” will Straighten out in me without payehoenal digging ysiso ita one's pastr or Elhood, They even feel to do this would workagelnet thepaten'thatstecovery Thavement. ioneds speciresponsibilty of government took. the Festretingcolors,the favors, use of binders, relied filers sugar, Etc and all the other cherie TnGist ourservatives, foods we wouldn'. need doora special Butofenur we do, Ifyou even se don't fel you suller from inefficient ofityou malfuntioni thefor ng’thingbrainyou chemistry, frst and nicest should do Jyourslfistostapeain foods,sugar,The grefined bnolutly crite! ones are white Brown white sigan, fxr, powdered, supe,white alcohol Coffe, and all white rlee, or any other foods thatbread,are

137 stripped of their vitamins and minerals, ‘These empty foods rob our bodies of vitamins and minerals already’ in our system which are needed to fuel, build, and repair each individual coll. Eating’ and drinking these so called foods on a daily basis are the cause of the degenerative diseases more and more prevalent today in ‘most industrial societies. 'm talking about cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and aleoholism just fr starters Getting back to our topic of emotional disorders, these same “foods” can cause fany of the possible symptoms of mental distress including schizophrenia, neurosis, fand psychotic behavior as well as any lesser degree of distress in certain individuals. We now need to replace what we've taken away. Replace refined foods with whole foods. For example, eat whole grain cooked cereal, Bat whole grain breads. Eat whole fresh fruit instead of concentrated juices, especially when sugar is added. Stick to cooking from scratch. Don't rely on special packaged convenience foods. Learn to think your way through periods of low ‘energy. That is, think protein instead of relying on a eraving for sweets. Eat lots of small protein snacks throughout the day instead of relying on coffee, candy, cakes, ‘smoking, and other refined or sweet foods tokeep your blood sugar or energy up. youeat alot of these nutrition stripped foods Tknow you don't feel your best. You ‘may not even know what feeling good is all about. Talso say you will feel better in two ‘weeks or less if you will completely leave these items out of your diet and replace them with whole foods and several small protein meals throughout the day. Of course T assume you will round out your diet with the other essential foods such as lots of fresh and steamed vegetables, vegetable and animal fats, and the whole grains or carbohydrates. I must add that for some people there will be further ‘obstacles which may interfere with your highest mental functioning such as poor intestinal absorption or assimilation, and allergies. Improving the diet may help these problemsas well recommend that before one starts out this approach, begin a serious educational program to learn the nutritional path towards good health such fas what and where to buy wholesome foods. How to prepare, store, and cook them, And tolearn better than anyone else how your specific body metabolism works. It'seasier than you think. With the accumulatio: of that knowledge you ean supplement your diet with vitamins, minerals or other nutritive substances that your particular body may

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need in excess of what you can getin your diet. If you are now on i medications, do not. stop First, study up from the book list to follow. ‘Then ask your doctor to slowly reduce your ‘medication after you are well nto your diet and supplement program. If he doesn't believe in preventive medicine through diet and supplementation, or ifhe tells you that sugar and white breads good for youl ‘would certainly find another doctor. If you believe you have serious mental distress Dbut have not had a mental breakdown or have not had one recently you can safely try the meganutrient approach. ‘The following is a partial but excellent list of recommended reading to start you on your way to better health and a more secure and enjoyable life regardless of the Social order. ‘Abrahamson, EM. and Pezet, A.W. Body, Mind, and Sugar. New’ York: Pyramid Publications, 1971. ‘Adams, R. and Murray, F. Megavitamin ‘Therapy. (on low blood sugar) New York: Larchmont Books, 1973, Cheraskin, Ringsdort and Clark. et and Disease. Emmaus, Ps todale Press, 1968, Fredericks, C. Esting Right For You, New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1972, Hoffer & Osmond. How To Live With Schizophrenia. Secaucus, N.J.: University Books, ne., 1974. ‘Newbold, H.L. Moga-Nutrients for your nerves, New York:PerterH, Wyden/PubPfeiffer, Carl C. Mental and Elemental Nutrients. New Canaan, Conn. The Publication Committee of the Brain Bio Center, Princeton, N.J.:Keats Publishing, Ine., 1978. Pauling, Linus. Vitamin C and the Common Gold. New York: Bantam Books, 1971. Porter, J.W.G. and Rolls B.A.eda. Proteins’ in Human Nutrition. New York: Academic Press, 1973. Rodale, J.J. and ‘staff. The Health Finder. Bmmaus, Pa: Rodale Books, 1954. Rodale, J.I. Prevention Magazine. Emmaus, Pa.:Rodale Press, Ine. Selye, Hans. Stress Without Distress. New York: The New American Library Ine., 1974, Stone, Irwin. The Healing Factor Vitamin’ C Against Disease. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1972. Yudkia, John. Sweet and Dangerous. New York: PeterH. Wyden, 1972. Cott, A. Orthomolecular Treatment: A Biochemical Approach to Treatment of Schizophrenta Holfer, A. Megavitamin B-8 Therapy for Schizophreni

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THE END AND THE BEGINNING By MARTIN DONNELLY ‘There was no mushroom cloud. Nothing sloriously, in one big blinding flash. Slowly And grindingly. The system was ereaking exploded, or crashed. There ws ‘dramatic detonation, thunderclaps toastop. ‘occur nor did the heavens open, rivers kept. ‘There had come to be too many people, their banks. The telephone dialing aystems we were all of us too greedy, we had continued to click automatically, the seourged the earth ofits good things, taken electric lights burned. Nobody knew, at the top off of life and called it ci first, that anything was happening. forgotten that the essence of living is Tdido't know either. I'm an old man, and simply surviving. old men are supposed to be full of wisdom, I said to the two women, bbut I was no wiser than anybody else that. ‘what youcan carry. Weareleavinghere.” ay. I dozed comfortably in my armchair, ‘They looked at me incredulously but secure in the certainty that my they moved. I went to the basement and ‘granddaughter would be home soon to fix got my survival equipment. It was pitifully my supper. And she was, and she di Inadequate and I was ashamed of myself Nothing was happening. for having left it lying there for ten years unchecked. It wouldn't be much use, I was But it had begunto happen, and I began afraid. I had myself become compiacent, tolearn that it had. The next morning Mrs. lulled into thinking that it woulda't really Phillips, our neighbor, came to borrow hhappen in my lifetime. But now it had some aspirin for her arthritis because the happened. Now an old man had to try to drug store had unaccountably run out of it. begin to live again, with whatever tools he ‘That evening my granddaughter was late had or could find or could mak in getting home from work because her ‘We went to the ranch, and had just regular bus had never showed up and she enough gas in the pickup truck to make it had had to wait for another. My favorite ‘We walked from there to the cave. I was television program was replaced by an old pleasantly surprised to find that the movie, As we were getting ready to go to sleeping bags s0 long in storage were still ‘bed, the lights flickered two or three times, comfortable and warm. And, the next Tegan to geta feeling in my old bones that morning, that canned dried fruit and ‘something was going wrong. un-dehydrated coffee made a good But it all took place very gradually. So breakfast. slowly that no one was alarmed at first, me But 1 was feeling a growing sense of included. Life went on. It was only that hopelessness just the same. As I looked at everything slowed down. Mrs. Phillips the supplies in the cave I found them never did get any aspirin from the pitifully inadequate, and cursed myselfst drugstore. My granddaughter began to not having added to them as I had planned ride her bicycle to work because she todo. Moreover, only the two women couldn't depend on the bus. There was an to help me carry [had what to the lake announcement on the radio that because of ‘over the mountain. Mywe had granddaughter a temporary power shortage all radio and Cynthia was a good girl but frail, Mrs. television stations would go off the air at Phillips was almost as old as: nineo'elock in the evening. We had to try, though. I made up packs On the third day my granddaughter all, thinking disconsolately that I came back home an hour after she had left forwouldus have to come back at least twice for work and said, “There’s nobody at my more, and weset It took us until four office. The building is locked up and T in the afternoon forth. to get over the mountain couldn't even get in." and down into the v a l e y , and when we got While we were talking about this, Mrs. tothelake my chest washurting. Phillips came to the door and said, "May 1 ‘There was good news, Cynthia eried, use your telephone? Mine is out of order \h, look! The Wilsons are here!" And and I have to call my doctor. My indeed the Wilson family was there waiting But our telephone was out of for us, having come over the ridge on the ‘other sideofthe lake. There was bad news: ‘And atlast my old bran, clogged though they were standing there, two adults and ifunction t was withI began age toand addtorpor, began to four children, with the clothes they had on things up. The ‘their backs and nothing else. commodity distribution aystem failing. “Hijacked,” Rob Wilson said bitterly. Power going out. Communications ext. ft “They took’ our truck and didn't even was all coming apart, Not dramatiaily, bother toshoot us.”

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More bad news: the portable generator 1 hhad stowed under the floor ofthe cabin was ruined, My fault; I hadn't packed it properly, hadn't been there to check. The packing had been varminis.and what was chewed left wasa away corrodedby ‘mass of copper. No power. No radio, No pump. ‘The next day we scored a modest success, inthat Rob Wilson and made it to the cave and brought back more than half of the remaining canned goods. But the next day Rob sprained his ankle going down the mountain,and Ihad to leave hist tohobble back while Iwent on alone. To see the smoke from the burningranch house. ‘And to make a mistake. Thinking they hhad not found the eave, I went in. There were two men there. The big bearded one said, "You're not going to try to shoot us, are you, Dad? With that seattergun you've got hung on your shoulder?” and raised his rifle. No, I wasn't going to try to shoot them with the 12-gauge slung over my shoulder. I shot them with the 44 Magnum I drew from my belt, I had handloaded the cartridges myself, and a little too hot; the concussion in the confined space of the eave nearly collapsed my eardrums. The 240-grain slugs from the Model 29 blew holes the size of golf balls in the chests of thetwomen. Temptied the contents of my stomach on the floor of the eave at sight of what I had done. There was no strength in me to pack the other supplies Ihad meant to get. only ‘managed to snatch the hand-cranked radio, transmitter from where I had hidden it ‘The effort of stepping over one of the bodies toget the radio was almost too much for me and eft the cave empty handed otherwise. ‘The trek back to the lake was a nightmare I scarcely remember. When I got there at last my chest was on fire. I Knew finally that I was an old man and useless. Everything I had done had been wrong. I had not prepared properly for survival, and neither T nor any of the had trusted me would survive. people hadwho killed And two fellow human beings, ‘nomatter what manner of men they were. 1 had ulled. Dimly I remember that Cynthia looked anxiously at my gray face and heaving chest, and guided me stumbling to my sleeping bag in the cabin. After that, consciousness was like @ flickering candle and I lost all track of time. Cynthia was always there. Mrs, Phillips too. T remember seeing Rob Wilson leaning on a ‘ane once or twice; he brought with him a small boy who looked at me with round eyes and said, "Don't be sick any more,

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please getall well I still find it hard to believe that a full week passed before I became fully aware again. But Cynthia told me so. She was looking healthy and fit and not frail at all. Even more astonishing, Mrs. Philips was there too and seemed to have grown twenty years younger. And there was man with doctor's stethoscope ‘young around his neck. They were all smiling at “Look out the window," Cynthia said, helping me tosit up. "See what we gotafter ‘weeranked up the radio you brought.” T looked out the window. There were people everywhere, all busy doing things, Ahholicopter stood at rest by the shore of the lake. There was a truck—T wondered how it had got there until I saw the new corduroy road it had traveled—and men ‘were unloading things from the truck. Two small prefab buildings were going up nearby. ‘ut of the corner of my eye T saw that Mrs. Phillips was approaching and holding ut a bowl of soup, and smiling at me, I could smell the soup and it smelled good. 1 ‘would eat it with pleasure, I knew. But for the moment I turned my eyes back to look ‘out the window. I wanted to see everything while T still could, For despite al the smiling faces around me, Tknew that I was an old man and that the fluttering sensation I now felt in my chest would grow and grow. ‘What I wanted to see out the window, what T took # dying man’s final joy in 8 was the beginning of a new From Popular Mechanies 1913 Forming Colls to Make Flexible ‘Wire Connections ‘When connections are made to belle and batteries with amall copper wires ‘covered with cotton o silk, #t is neces. ‘coil in a short piece of ake it flexible. A good ny {0 do this is to provide a short rod about yy in. in diameter cut with a slit in one end to hold the wire and a Joop made on the other end to turn with the fingers. ‘The end of the wire is

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placed in the slit and the coil made around the rod by turning with the Toop end.

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A PHILOSOPHY FOR SURVIVALISTS by Kurt Saxon

Younaeed specific set of attitutodes you on course toward any goal. You ‘must feel right about what you're doing. keepOtherwise, you might guilty about going your own way while people around you are united in doingfeel nothing, and suffering tromit. But why should you survive, and even prosper, when your fellows are dealing with a standard of living which gets lower all the time? Why shouldn't share their situation and even deprive yourself of your survival program sothatyou a few others might have a little more comfort in the hard times ahead? Alter all, things might change for the better. Those who maintain confidence in th ;ppointed leaders might be right. The climate is said to be changing but there are still bumper here and there. Fuel is said to be getting scarcer but the big gas guzzlers arecrops even demand. The population is still growing but the welfare system seemsmoreto bein keepi up ng witht Pollution is getting worse. Herds are dying or being slaughtered because of chemicals misapplied. Resorts are being closed because fish caught by vacationers can’t be eaten. Whole populations of ‘many groups sicken who work at certain factories, people are endangered and Gul the government is cracking down. Laws are being written and penalties are being applied. we only stand toge in ther common trust, our leaders can turn us toward anew erao! progress. All they really ask foris our trust. If we could only drop our egos fora while we could pull together and solve our problems, But without trustselfish and submission to the social ideal, we are to blame for any lack of success in the system. The above are common reassurances and admonitions fed to the public by the politicians and their stooges in the news media, Most people swallow such garbage by the bucket. After al, it's a lot easier to put your faith in someone besides yoursellif you don’t have much of a selfto begin with. But if you have a well-developed feeling of self-worth will reject any plea to unite around anyone, especially those urging you to you sacrifice your own Interests to those of the majority. Asany system begins to decline, there are always those who are ready to take it over “for the common good”. ‘Their appeal is always to the poor, the disenfranchised, the helpless, the weak. They plead for your trust and ‘cooperation and while you tighten your belt, they tighten their stranglehold on the economy. Alter all their public assurances that they are working on the problems, you notice that they aren't really doing anything. But they share a philosophy you haven't been let in on and the philosophy they have dosed out to you just makes ‘you feel guilty fornot trusting them more. You've got to have a philosophy which combats theirs. You've got to feeling guilty for their failures. You've got to see where they're taking stop the ‘sheep-like populace so you can head in the opposite direction. have my own philosophy of Iife and, of course, you have yours. Our philosophies seldom deal with the whole picture. So itis convenient to borrow a philosophy which puts us in the picture concerning how we will, or will not, be Used by our political and bureaucratic manipulators. ‘A dandy philosophy | chanced on a few years ago was that by Ayn Rand. This philosophy was beautifully expressed in her story, “Atlas Shrugged”. The title illustrates Atlas, holding the world on his shoulders. He finally gets fed up with the dummies he is supporting and so simply shrugs, sending the world crashing tothe floor. Atlas Shrugged is 1168 pages long. | don't say this to discourage you from tackling it. Actually, once you get into it and find you like it, you'll be overjoyed that you have so much good stuff ahead to read, And fine reading itis. 'm into my fifth reading and find | get more out of it every time. Bradley Steiner, our self-defense expert, has also readit several times, Alas Shrugged concernthes total breakdown of societydue to the demanding parasites allowed to thrive as a system becomes more affluent. Those bringing

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From Popular Mechanies 1919 Starting Garden Plants In starting small plants to get them hardy and ready to plant in the early. spring provide separate receptacles of paper, then the plant can be set out

without trouble and it will grow as if it had never been moved. Procure some heavy paper and make the cups as shown in the sketch he paper is cut into squares, the size depending on the plant, and ‘each square is foliled on the dotted line Als. ‘This forms a triangle of a double this. The ext fol is male on the line CD, bringing the point FE over to F. ‘Then the paper 4 fulted over on the line FG, bringing the point I over to C. This will leave a Souble-pointed end at J. The parts ‘of this point are separated and folded down om the ses which form the cup “These cups are fille with earth and set into earth placed in a box. ‘The gas, are” planted within the cups hen it comes time for transplanting, the cup with the plant is lifted out and set in the garden without damage to the plant roots, The paper sont rots nwvay and gives no trouble to the grow= ing plant. ‘An Emergency Pencil Compass The need of a compass when none was at hand caused me to quickly a substitute for the work. devise ‘A piece of stiff wire, about the of the pencil, was proTength ‘cred, and several turns were ‘made around the pencil, as The lower straight shown, ‘end was filed to a point. ‘The wire can be bent to ‘obtain the radius. distance. Popular Mechanics 1915,

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about the affluence in the first place, are condemned for having a higher standard of living than those who do nothing to deserve any living at all As pressure mounts for the producing class to share the wealth, more producers are put out of business. Then the hero, John Galt, goes visiting the most productive members of society. He assures them that it is useless to fight who have nothing but needs and the socialistic {awsto force their betters, people and retire, even to drop out of the system those needs. They are advised caterto to itall they take with them is their ability to begin again once the parasites’ game has collapsed. Well, able people in critical areas of the economy start dropping out and the Liberals in control find that they nationwide. They close their factories and their parasitic constituents can't make the factories go. Poor babies! Then the rule of the Liberals becomes even more oppressive and they begin trying to force the able to stay and produce. Drop-outsare considered criminals of the people. ‘and enemies are hidden in a super-secret hideaway known as of the drop-outs able most The with all the comforts of a metropolis. All the village ‘Galt’s Gulch”. It is a neat best people are there. The smartest, the most skilled, the most fun to be with, Galt's Gulch istocated somewhere in Colorado. It has some sort of refraction the air. it looks like just another part of the forest, {rom it, From shield emanating But a pilot actually seeing Galt's Gulch and trying to land there would only fetch up in the branches of some tall tree. Galt's Gulch would be about seven miles ‘away from Its refracted image. Most of the charactersin Atlas Shrugged are sort of overblown composites of types. They are elther totally good or totally evil, refreshing In these times of ovabie rapists, gentle child abusers and well-meaning politicians. ‘One of my favorite characters is Ragnar Daneskjold. He Is a pirate who or that Peoples’ State. He Is generally highjacksald ships carrying goodies to this misunderstood. ‘Anyway, Atlas Shrugged is the only book which describes the complet collapse of a system, with all the details. This alone, makes Atlas Shrugg highly instructive to Survivalists who know little about how our socio-economic system Is balanced. ‘As you read the story, published twenty years ago, you will realize that the ‘government-imposed terrorism of Atlas Shrugged Is being Implemented all ‘around us today. You'll recognize our modern politicians In action page after page, asf they had memorized the book and adopted the villain’s roles. ‘You don't have to believe long-range forecasts of shortages, bad weather,be ‘over-population and other calamities in THE SURVIVOR. You don't have to far-sighted to comparethe chaosof Atlas Shrugged with the chaos we see even today. ‘You don't have to be a social scientist to see how penalizing the productive on behalfof the non-achievers leads a system to ruin. You can see It happen in jer example and compare Ayn Rand’s descriptions with what comes TVnews. yournightly ‘over Shrugged, you will know why you should survive and Atlas reading ‘After a crust prosper regardless of the suffering going on around you. You won't share due. his is sacrifice your who thinkse with someon ‘You will stop looking for morality and ability in politicians or seeing them as leaders In any sense. Forget climate change, if that doesn’t register with you. see food production being cut by inefficiency and government interference. ‘You'll It doesn't really matter whether or not our planet is really running out of fuel. Shortages are guaranteed by political manipulations we see today which could hhave been copied from Atlas Shrugged. Government restrictions against business and industry “forthe common good” ‘and to break up monopolies, is strangling our economy and even now, putting it In the hands of the least competent. Atlas Shrugged details how such things happen. Now you can look around you and see how these very same practices are of millions today. costing the jobs and livelihoods ‘You will also see how uniting in,trust around a grinning do-gooder will put you {in lock-step with a bunch of morons, marching into an economic abyss. Submitting to the common will, today, 1s the same as walking up the after the Judas goat. ramperhouse slaught "You may not be as neurotic as | or share some of my more extreme anxieties,

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CALVES, STEERS, AND OXEN by Ron Lank (ne of the mast useful animals ever to come under man's domesticstion has beenas theox. You've heard the saying, "Strong an ox", many” times, probably never Hopping to thnk ofthe masive strength that those words imply. What they mpl wllbeafimmensevalue s u r v i v a l i s t . “Strong asan os. or atothe team of oxendirectlyean becomeestrememassve strength under personalhavecontro, to do. the heavy your jabs which been present, temporarily taken over by machines calsor &«young male of any ofthe caite‘A bulfamily, male cow. After a bull talthasben castrated aablestecrto With his sexeal potencyhe nobecomes longer develop ofhorny he becomes increasingly muselar instead havea jb for him, he becomes Ifyou @ meatydant candidate for table. yourdinner “you take him to your plough nd itch himioit instead ofto your dinner table, he ‘Anoxisa castrated bul with aifetimeof hardlabor nhs immediate future. A steer ‘castrated bull has a tripno employment inhisfature, which other than togourdianer table When the coming hits, many farmers willbe unablesetback to prevent theitIn more fet footed eatle from escaping. the foretrontof the panicky hordes wil be these from thelr human pursuers.ealtleMostMleeing” of these cattle will be vertaken and shot during the ceasional gunfire to spur themchase,on, Withthe Aeeterfoted cattle, particularly the beet breeds, willemaln infront. ‘Able to live off land to a degree unmatched by ‘theirthe untrained. human Counterparts, these refugee wil be Able to outdstance everyone cattle except you Those whovolley were ofunprepared, who cutmovingloosepeople with'a shots ata slow cow wil suffer thir inevitable fat.eft behind will be the strong fast roving eattle and you, Soon i wll become time forsnares you towhichchaseyouthesehaveeatlemadetoward large salvaged power lined, and other wire frmand rope which you have been able to procure ‘These snareswilbe edthe tostout treestriland placed to intercept woodland Some atl willbe caught Also caught wll beexcepthorsesyou,whichfor have. cidedby everyone you are “now an txperienced trapper. ‘Youareabouttostara farm, or perhaps youpreter torestartan industry, You wil

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This is probably for the best. But you should at least know what Is going on your own future around you and relate it to what force fe shaping Atlas Shrugged will tell you what those forces are and show you, by fictionalized examples, just what happens when they are applied. ‘When you finish the book you won't have a new philosophy, necessarily. It will be your own philosophy, but clarified and put into a useable pattern by one of the ‘greatest social philosophers of our century.You can then put your own words and ‘observationsto some of the most rational ideas of ourage. ‘You will then find not only comfort, but purpose, in knowing that your motivation toward survival is the greatest strength in our nation today. If you've ‘ever had fantasies of being great and extremely worthwhile, they will be realities long before you've finished Atlas Shrugged. Although Atlas Shrugged is an indictment of our whole parasitic system, libraries have not gotten around to banning it. It seems too long for the average don't think it would be banned, anyway, but I'm sure it won't beon the “recommended books” list of any Federally funded library, need oxen to help you with your heavy be either salvaged from our present era, labor. You may also want a horse or two to or built by the blacksmith, help you with the jobs requiring less ‘The blacksmith will have plenty of strength but greater speed. You, your material to work with in the form of ‘oxen, and horses have a great deal of work wrecked cars and material brought to todo. Get busy. hhim from garbage dumps for reworking into something useful. In many cases the tool and goods forge by the blacksmith Build Your Own il be superior to their counterparts available today. all the essential Blacksmith Shop work which he will be given, the blacksmith will have no time for planned by Ron Lank ‘obsolescence. After the impending crisis has hit, and In other cases, the blacksmith's the immediate effects have passed, the products will be adequate. A koife built rebuilding era will have to begin with by the blacksmith will be contemptibly the blacksmith shop. ‘The blacksmith inferior to that produced by today's knife shop will become the basic form of makers. It will, however, serve industry from which the tools for all adequately in the hands of a farmer who ‘other forms of industry, and farming will needs it to butcher a steer. An axe built originate. Virtually every tool used will by the same blacksmith will provide BE SURE YOU HAVE A GOOD CHIMNEY

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BLACKSMITH’S FORGE COPIED FROM AN OPERATING FORGE AT UPPER CANADA VILLAGE NEAR MORRISBURG, ONTARIO, CANADA

TUB

KINGSTON, CANADA

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tein pele eer oa Sees aaah ooo eck an rae Soe porch oe ee ees Siotmeeaten Same narcosis eee ce es poresartecce Soca Ses area Sar ae meer ee carie an oe saunas Ee tea this sulfur coal is deliberately bypassed

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142 spearing it into the water, then moving it quickly in a figure eight pattern. Tron ean be hardened by spearing it into the water and holding it stil Files may be made by first pounding the iron to the desired shape. Let it cool, exposed to the open air, so that it willbe soft. Seratch lines in it with a piece of hardened iron. Reheat it, and spear it into your water trough, holding it stil until it hardens. Tron may be ease hardened by heavily. saturating moist clay with chimney soot ‘or charred wood until you have a black putty. Place the heated iron on one slab ‘of this compound, then bury it under a second. Remove it sometime later, after know it has cooled. In so doing, you ‘you hhave increased the carbon content of the outer surface of your iron. ‘This is the traditional method that the Japanese have used for hardening their Samurai swords. It will work quite nicely on your customer's butcher knife T suggest that you sharpen the blade le air dried soft before you ease harden it, From Popular Mechanics 1925: ‘A Cheap and Serviceable Windmill

wind In localities where the prevailing windm the blows from one direction, inieted” can inthebe engraving fie or a teae: lon Smullof ofthethecosteonof Nentional “type. ‘As shown in the

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From Popular Mechanies 1919 Electric Rat Exterminator Some time ago we were troubled by numerous large rats around the shop, particularly in a storehouse about 100 it, distant, where they often did considerable damage. One of the boys thought he would try a plan of electrical extermination, and jn order to carry, out his plan he picked up an old zine floor plate that Had been used under a stove and mounted a wooden disk 6 in, in diameter in the center. On this disk he placed a small tin pan about 6 in. in diameter, being careful that none of the fastening nails made an electrical connection between the zine plate and the tin pan. ‘This apparatus was placed on the floor of the warehouse where it was plainly visible from a window in the shop where we worked and a wire was Fun from the pan and another from the zine plate through the intervening yard and into the shop. A good sized indue~ tion coil was through connected with these wires and about six dry batteries used to run the induction coil were whenever a push button was manip lated. It is quite evident that when a rat put its two fore feet on the edge of the pan in order to cat the mush which it Contained, that an electrical connection would be’ made through the body of the rat, and when we pushed the button up in the shop the rat would be thrown.

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food and trade goods in exchange for the ‘work which the blacksmith will perform for them. "Zo the right of the hearth is the water trough. Iron can be tempered by

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th

vanes sre frames made ofwhich corrugated icon held i Ratiron are bolted to the hexagonal axle, made shaving downis con log. "The power of theby windmill eyed todrawing, the pump, as illustrated in thein ‘etall by. means of 3 rank the‘woodenend beam of the connected axle, whichto operates the and the top OF the pump. rod

2 oF 9 ft. in the air and let out a terrific squeak. ‘The arrangement proved quite too effective, for alter a week the rats all departed ‘and the boys all regretted that their fun was at an end.

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for this paint make it a profitable sales iteny YOU ean make luminous paint in any quantity—even enough for covering the walls and ceiling of a den or workshop is no more expensive than good. wall. paint At night the zoom will glow with fa soft, mysterious light. Small quantities can be made with very simple equipment. a clay pipe and bunsen burner as shown in Fig. 1, being the only equipment needed ‘The chemical ingredients must bbe ground thoroughly as in Fig. 3, then mixed by repeated sifting, Fig. 4. The formula given in Fig 2'is sufficient for making up @ number of 2-02. batches, Use only the chemically pure grade of calcium oxide. Should there be @ trace of iron present, it will cause unsatisfactory results. To mix the bismuth nitrate with the other chemicals, dissolve in water, 5 ‘grains, then use“Afterosly theone-fith of the and solution. com= ‘pound has dried, pack as much of

UnInous FIGURES

ital

1

it ad possible into the lay pipe and then, ‘cover with several layers of ashestos mois tened with water glass to insulate against Joss of heat in the upper part of the bowl. ‘Then bring the bow! to a low, red heat over the bunsen burner and hold at this temperature for 15 min, At the end of this time, raise the fame to bring the bowl to.a bright red or white heat for an addi~ tional 15 min. ‘Then allow the pipe to cool slowly. After this treatment the chemicals will have changed their form and must be re-ground to a fine powder and sifted as before ‘To make an easy-brushing paint, the luminous powder ean be mixed with either a water of spirit varnish, Gum arabie disSolved in water to the consistency of var= nish makes a suitable vehicle where the patint is 10 be applied indoors. Amore Mexible and durable vehicle is a spirit copal varnish, which can be bought ready prepared or mixed as in Fig. 5 ‘You'll find many uses For ‘example, brush iton the forbackthe ofpaint, adhesive tape and then cut the tape in small squares or disks. Tt will stick practically anywhere. Pull-chain pendants ean be made by painting the inside lass tubing, allowing it ofto a dry,shortthenpieceplugof ting and adding a serew eye. For noveltythe ends effects, amateur theatricals and the like, you can make gowns and other garments of cheesecloth and cuat them with the luminous paint. Remember that if garments or masks packed away for some time, theyhavemustbeenbe hung before using so that the paint can “drinkup ight. To make luminescent quality serve more practicalthe purposes, paint it on corks or labels of bottles containing son. Clock hands and numerals also poican jon with a small cam coating the inside of thelid of a fishing-tackle box you can always find just the plug, spinner, or leader you want, even though it Is quite dark. ‘Sometimes it's handy to have the numer als on a yardstick, rule or flexible tape show in dark comers. If you use this paint on walls, reduce the solution to an easy brushing consistency so that you can be sure of a uniform application, It should be remembered also that luminous paint Bradually loses its effectiveness.

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HOMEMADE WORKBENCH (From Popular Mechanies 1913) Popul ar Mech anic s 1913, ‘A Novel Rat Trap ‘The first appliance necessary for the etch isto be used for large work, boy's a workbench, "The ‘The main top board M, fig", may Aboy, while playing in the yard close averageworksboyhopthat is desire s to construct be either made from one pieeé of 2 By to grain house, duga hole and b his own apparatus as much jar that le 2, plank, 3% fe long, ov made Up an old-fashioned fruit jug_or can make the bench a descrasibedpossib his mother here: of 1 sips Thin, thick by in. Four pieces of 2 by ‘rin. pine are in, wide and of342mapie, had thrown setedon eg,fs ent 23 in long forthe legs, and a tenon Sich sep glued ft andlong, away, says stew made on each end of therm, Yai, thick, Beighbor,” the Towa 344 in. wide and 13 in. Tong, a8 shown lik this he earfuWhlen to building Homestead put the upstrips10te The top part of the ‘jog was left ane i. covered in asthe Shown Je, sketch, and 2 a hole wasin GE broken above 77 ithet justground. ‘The boy then placed some shelled corn in the bottom, put a board on top, and Weighted it with a heavy stone had been forgotten several“Thedaysjug when a farmer found forit and, wondering what it was, he raised the board and found nine fulkgrown rats and four beenmicein inuse thefor some bottom.time The ‘Drala of Contraction of He {rap has and atat theA andtop B,hd Fig.Bottom 1. “theof theerosopieces is opened every day or two and never gether with g in the fails to have from one to six rats oF legs are Same. direction.the 0.grainthe runnin made from the same top material and cut planed smooth ‘The back boardsnay N ‘beis mice in it. 20 in. long. A mortise is made 1% in. same length as the main top board from narrow each endedge of these pieces and it theM, 84 wide and only % in, thick, theCland of them, as shown at which isin.Btted into a. Y4-ine rabbet in Big. L The corners are then the back of the board catfut andslopingto irom the edge of the le form These boards From Popular Mechanics 1913 the top of the M.bench, the middie of and the piece, are 26 Homemade Marine Compass shown, “When each pair of legs are supthe of pieces top the to fastene d fitted the8a twopair supports of erosspieces theybenchwill ‘The(o theboardbeck Magnetize an ordinary” knitting long andecrewa, with porta form for the nailed wid in, 1°10 e needie,A; and push it through a cork, These supports are held together and board thie of top ‘On bench the st B, and ofplacethe theneedle. cork exactly ina pin,the braced with two braces or Connecting fastene i it with angles right at nd d middle ‘Thrust pisces of 2 by ‘in. pine, 24 in, long. s'2fin. board, These two boards Er through ‘the cork at right angles to Fhe ont are made etcen the ends fre in: thick and 34 ft loog. Holes tie needle and. atic two sharpened o4 f hole these through pieces and t h e legs by borin tre boredor notches are cu is the pro- matches inthe sides of the cork stance, Tt is onoof those curious products which is formed in tho laboratory of nature in the process of converting dead, inert, inorganic matter into liv ng, active, organized structure. In other ‘words, itis a partially organized substanco, Its prineipal uso in the economy of nature seems to 9 to render palatable, food which would othe awiso be tasteless or unpleasant. For this purpose, itis, with rato exceptions, provided in just the ‘ight form and proportions in the substances designed for the dietetic uso of man, In some articles, as very sour fruits, it seems to be deficient Dut tho want is supplied by a superabundance in such sywect fruits as dates, figs, and rais ‘Tho sweet clement of these fruits is doubtless essentially th samo what is eommony termed sugar; at least, it becomes so by tho processes of drying and cooking to which it is usually subjected: ‘Tho question at onco arises, Why may ‘wo not. tso sugar, then,as freely as wo may use sweet fruit? "The objections to the use of sugar are two 16 1. It is exovedingly liable to adulteration with very poisonous substances in the process of maniufactiee; sulphuric acid, niteie acid or aqua for tis, and Visacetato of lead—a potent cause of lead patalysis—are frequently employed for various purposes, 2. On account of its condensed form, it is almost certain to be used in excess, when it, becomes a very effective cause of dyspepsia, liver complaint, and a host of evils, With sweet fruits, ‘this is muh Tess liable to occur, although itis not atall impossible. On this account, sweet fruits aro proferable to pure sugar, and_héneo we have sully recommended their'use in place of the sugar of eommeree, ‘When sweet fruits cannot be obtainedor when their uso may be very objectionable for othor rea suns, avery modorue quantity of sugar may used. Always buy the best white sugar. Brown sugar is seldom fit to use. Tks dark color is due to the dirt it contains; and, worse than that, it is often filled with minute animals whieh are the cause of a disease knownas grocer'siteh. Maple sugar is no better tan good coffeo sugar. ‘The sirups are hardly safe to ise at all, asetley are so

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le sour fruits. in tho uso of sweetening; and, best of all, acquire, as soon as possi simple taste whieh will rolish foo best eat its natural condition, and without the addition of any condiment. Vinegar, Pickles, end Preserves. uv Tt would seem that nothing need be said to convince any eandid, observing person that these articles aro wholly unfit for food, as his own sensations must often havo hinted to him their indigestiblo character. Vinegar is really: more inju ious than aleohol. ‘This is not strange, since ip ono moro stap advanced in tho proves of dex composition which ultimately converts sugar intovearbonie acid and water.” Vinegar is always formed by the fermentation of alcohol by means of yeast ‘or something eyuivalent, Pickles axe wholly intolerablo, and aro almost devoid of nourishment. Preserves aro about equal with them in this respect. Converting. goad, wholesome vegolables and fruits into pickles and. preserves isa very wasteful practice, to say nothing of its detrimental influence upon the health, which is simply enormous. ‘They should never be eaten under any ordinary circumstances, ‘Pen and Coffee. Although these cannot, bo called food in any senso, they are so often taken with the food that we will consider thom here, ‘Tho objections to th uso of tea, coffe, neon, and chocolate, aro tho threo following 1. They. aro stimulating, This implies that they contain elements which are recognized by the system as poisons, and aro treated as such, being tarned out of tho body as quicklyas possi blo after being introduced. Chemical anal reveals tho fact that each of the articles mentioned contains a poison which is very fatal to animal lifo when taken in any but the most. mi18 ute quantities, Tea, coffee, chocalate,and cocoa

differ somewhat in theit poisonous qualities, but the ditference is principally in degree, king, sineo tho clement which gives to. nutthemin their peculiar properties is esentilly the sane 2. All drinks are objectionable when taken with the food, as they render digestion dificult, and tinposen severe ask upon the digestive ‘ans before the work of digestion proper ean he-or Ein, sineo all sperabundant liquid myst be. absorbed from the food before the gastric perform its proper function, Drink: eal in a very pemicious hail, and thousands of dyspeptics. Tt encourages rapid

eating, and, consequently, ins elent mstiatton

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and defective insalivation. 3. Tea and coffee are taken hot; and many people become so accustomed to the un atural temperature that. they are able to take into their mouths without pain that which wonld nearly seald their hands, Although no pain is felt, the injury is nevertheless accomplished. ‘The fino sensibility of tho nerves of taste ix destroyed, and tho whole mneous mernbrane of the mouth, throat, and stomach, becomes congested, Acbilitated, and subject to almost any disturbing influence. Many people who call themselves hygienists use bumed bran and molasses, burned bread, ry0, Varley, acorns, ete, in place of onlinary eottee ; some use hot water only. Although the practice ig not as objectionable as that of using worse ar~ ticles, it is open to the full foree of the last two objections, and when the roasting is carried beyond the point of simply browning tho article ir) ‘employed, bo it bread, bran, or rye, it becomes somewhat poisonous and injurious, If it is thought that somethings warm must be taken to “warm up tho stomach,” a cup of warm water may ho taken ten or fifteen minutes before the meal with no injury,as the fluid will then be absorbed hefore the food is taken. Wino ‘Without hero entering into a discussion of the question which involves the medicinal use of wine, we ean unhesitatingly stato that its habitual uso as @ beverage is @ habit worthy of the most unqualified condemnation. Itis productive of an untald amount of suffering, sin, and crime, Nor is moderate drinking less deserving of censure than absolute drunkenness, Moderate drink ery are moro dangerous enemies to temperance than drunkards. Stimulation means poisoning | and it is the gratification of tho desire fur arti cial stimulus that constitutes tho crime of usin alcoholic liquors rather than tho simple act drinking wine, brandy, ram, whisky, or be r. All the virtue which wine is supposed to possess is duo to tho alcohol which it contains, Hence the only real difference between wine and rum, brandy, whisky, or other liquor isin the strength, is opon to the and consequently the uso of wino samo objection as the use of those other liquors, ‘Timo for Moals, two meals per day aro far preferableto hat bee ‘The wah ‘eed moreBut ‘asthan, body. wel ap the other organs Meals should never be eaten with leas than five hours’ intermission, by adults, With small ehildres, this rule may be varied somewhat ao

cig to the age ofthe ci. Prlaiy te ea even game gant oar tle

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cannot make theso hours convenient, and such may breakfast at 6} A. and dine at 12 a, withcout suffering particular inconvenience from not taking the third meal, ater having become aceustomed to the change, For almost. all persons, two meals are vastly better than threo; but. if the third meal is taken, it should be very light, and should not be eaten later than 5 1. a Chango of Dict. Perhaps the greatest obstacle in the way of a reform in diet is the difficulty which people find in breaking up old habits and establishing new ‘ones, When this crisis is onco safely passed, no further difficulty is experienced ; and what was at first @ hardship, is transformed into a pleasure h as was never before experienced. Thisis the uniform testimony of all who have persevered until new tastes and appetites wero fully formed Bat how to get over tho unpleasant period during which clianges aro being made, is the problem, By observing the following’ suggestions, Tittle diiculty will be experienced :— 1. Make the change gradually. Unless you ‘ean devote your time to the matter, suspending, in a measuro, at least, your usual avocations, do not purely rot attempt’ to abandan over hygienie at onco. When the changeis mado thus lenly, the individual making it suflers more ‘or less derangement of his system, Ho feels lan guid, weak, perhaps somewhat ill-tempered, and may suiter somewhat from indigestion. ‘These ‘unpleasant sensations discourage him and weaken his will power, so that he is quito likely to abandon the attempt at reform; and it may bo that hho will loso confidenco in the whole system. A jual change will obviato all of theso difficulties. 2. Be sure to make constant progress, The strongest argumont which oxtreme and ultra hygienists aro ablo,to urge against this method of effecting a chango from bad dietetic habits to ones is the fact that many persons who tuako tho attempt inthis manner forget tho importance of constant, prolonged, and perseverin cfforts, and allow themselves to rest. content after taking only tho initiatory steps toward a reformation, 3, Use common sense. It is very frequently the cago that, poople who attempt‘ reform in diet only exchango ono bed habit for another ; fand sometimes, indeed, the second habit is far ‘more injurious than the firs, Exchanging light, sweet, fino-lour bread for heavy, perhaps sour, sham bread, is not reformation, Substituting quantities of suger, sirup, or molasses for ‘meat is a torvible retrograde, rather than advancement. Banishing butter from the table, and then saturating the potatoes, gems, pic crust, and gridle cakes with suet,is no improvement! How ‘many would-be health reformers have made themseves dyspeptics by attempting to reform in 90

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‘unphilosophical, not to say absurd and ridiculous, away! 4, Do not attempt to live on an impoverished diet, Tn other words, do not exclude from your dietary meat, butter, eggs, milk, sugar, and salt, and then attempt to live on tho residue of your former bill of fare. As cach of tho injurious articles mentioned is abandoned, supply its place with some new, palatable, and tasty hygionic dish, An impoverished diet is not one which exeludes meat, butter, sugar, salt, spices, and other unhygienie articles; it is one which is lacking in the elements of nutrition, or which is not adapted to the particular conditions of the system. ‘That Which would be an impoverished diet for ‘one night amply supply all tho alimentary wants of vary, and “Individual. temperamenta Another cireumstanees vary equally a8 much, so that set rules cannot be laid down which will be equally well adapted to all cases. Each individual must apply general principles to his own special case. In commencing tho chango, discard the worst articles of diet first. Spices, vinegar, pickles, preserves, mustard, peppersauee, old cheese, and lar articles, may be discontinued at once and forever, Pork and all its products maybe abandoned equal y as promptly. Exchange fine flour forfeo graham bread, ‘Next attack the in and ot habit, reducing tho quantity for a few at first, if necessary, but being suro to routwooks the enemy. Curtail the butter and salt, and use only a moderate quantity of meat, By degrees these may be relinquished. Nuts may be frecly used instead of butter. ‘Sweat fruits may also be largely substituted for sugar, In the course of a few months, a person may thus easily become a thorough hygienist if he will constantly keep in view tho ideal standard of a true reformer, which demands ultimate freedom from every habit which is the result. of perverted taste, or depart. ure of any kind from the strict observance of the laws of nature, One important clement which is usually necessary to success is a thorough approlation of the fat that so intimate isthe relation Between moral and physical laws thatthe lator cannot be knowingly disregarded without doing violence to the former. “It is a sin to be sick and every law relating to health should be scrupulously and conscientiously observed. It is quite possible that, thero may be found persong who have so long beon accustomed to the use of flesh that an entire abstinence from that kind of food might bo attended with more injury to them than the continuance of its mod. erate use. But this argues nothing in favor of ‘animal food as the bost diet for man, Young people and persons of middle age may make the change with impunity ; and it is very doubtful if return to the use of animal food can in euch cases ever become neceseary after tho appetite for it has been once fully overcome,

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COOKERY. ‘Tho Art of Cooking.

Good cookery may justly be classed among the fino arts ; but in regard to that which i called good cookery, which consists in so com pounding lard, butter, sugar, saleratus, cream, and Spices, with tho various fruits, grains, and vegetables as to not only eompletely conceal or destroy the natural and proper ilavors of those artiles, ‘but to make them next to impossible of digest and fit for nothing but the compost, heap—such cookery might much more properly be ealled the black art, Indeed, if wo except drug medication, we shall be perfectly safe in saying that modern cookery is the greatest bane of civilization at the present time, “Men and women aro subject to ow diseases whose origin may not be traced to the kitchen. Closely following diseased physical natures come mental and moral inefliciency originating in the samo prolife cause, This. being the ease, the importance of a thorough understanding of tho principles of nutrition, and of the nature of alimentary substances by those who attend to this branch of tho domestie economy, Decomes very apparent, ‘The position of cook, instead of being considered of & menial nature, should be looked upon as one of great impor: tanco and responsibility, and ono whieh should be intrusted to nono Dut intelligent and trustworthy persons. Especially is this trueof hygienic cookery. Many have been discouraged and disheartened in attempting to wake a reformation dietetic habits by bad cooking alone, Tn 25 inthe their old methods of cooking it made litte differ. ence if the bread did sour in making; aluin and saleratus would make it all right. If the meat ecamo tainted by long standing, pungent and savory spices and condiments would effectually conecal the putrescent taste and odor. But in Rygienic codcery, sinco nature's seasonings are }@ only ones allowed, the greatest caro is necessary to preserve tho delicate natural flavors of the articles used for food, In this direetion there is a broad field open for skilful experiment. One of tho chief requisites for a good cook is perseverance, If the first attempt is not fully successful, do not denounce the recipe a failure, and tho ‘system a humbug, but try again and in until suecess, which is cortain, is secured. ke the art of cookery a sad and utiliza all your scientific knowledgo,as well as your natural Ingenuity, in your efforts to provide healthful and palatable food for those depending on you for thoso essentials of life,

Read ‘This article of food, in various forms, consti-

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tutesa very largo proportion of the diet of nearly alleiviized nations, "Yet it isa fact that a really ‘specimen of bread is ecldom found, at Teast in this country. few cooks know how to make good bread, notwithstanding their acknow!‘edged dexterity in compounding Various mixtures to which they attach the name of that article, ‘What, then, are tho qualifications essential to Perfect Bread? 26 1. Tt must contain as many possible of the elements necessary to sustain life. 2. Tt must be light and porous, so that it may be thoroughly and easily inslivated and di

3. Ti must bo palatable, 4 Tt mustbo of such consistencyas to require sulcont” "mastication to enable it thoroughly permeated by the saliva, to. lneomo 5. Tt must not contain any ingredient will be in any way injurious to tho systemwhichif takon into it. 6. Tho material of which it is made preserved uninjured by the process of must making, be

‘Unwholesome Broad, Tet us briefly consider, in tho light of the above principles, the teal character of the bread which eonstitates a staple artiele in the dict of the great majority of Americans, if we exeept the red.skinned natives of the West. 1, In ordinary bread, made from bolted flour, wwe have just the opposite of what is required for porfect bread, viz, “as many as possible of th lements necessary to sustain life.” Instead, we have almost nothing but starch, which, alone, is zo more competent to sustain the life of animals than pure water. Tt has been proved by actual ‘experiment that dogs, when fed oxelusively upon starch, or super-fine flour, will die almost as soon ‘as when left wholly without food. 2 Although it is claimed by those who are prejudiced in favor of “raised” bread that in. respect to the second requirement it has a dedided preference over “unleavened” bread, whieh is 1 usually believed to be synonymous with hea bread, yet if wo may belisve tho testimony ‘most ‘authors of popular cook books,as well asof that of our own experience, it is not a all uncommon for the good housewife, in thethingmidst,at of her cares and burdens, to neglect her “ sponge,” which is undergoing the process of “raising,” until putrefaction has 0 far advanced that heavy, sour, “songy”” bread is the result. 3,'To be well assimilated, bread,as wellas all other food, must be relished. To perfectly healthy tastes, the bread which is’ usually presented on ‘our tables is far from palatable, It will bear no ‘comparison with the sweetness and natural flavor ‘of well-mado unloavened bread, All are ready ‘to grant the unrivalled superiority of the famous “‘hoe-eake,” formerly so common in the South,

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and yet its sole ingredients wero com-meal and water, 4. The eating of too large a proportion of soft foo, which roysres no mastication to allow it to be swallowed, is very injurious to tho teoth, Like all other organs, they require exercise to preserve their integrity ; hence, a large portion of the bread eaten should be in the form of crisps, crackers, or cracknels, Any ono whose teeth are not in total ruins will find himself amply repaid for tho trouble which he may experience in accustoming himself to the use of hard food. There is no better remedy for sore teeth and tender gums than eating food which requires vigorous fand thorough mastication, 5. Notonly is ordinary leavened bread, whether domestic or made at the baker's, almost totally Uoficiont in some of the most important nutrient cloments found in the grain and in unbolted flour, 28 but it contains many foreign elements which are decidedly injunious in their mature. 'Theso may bo considered under tho following eads:— a, Blements whieh are used for the purpose of “raising” In ordinary home-made bread, no “raising” amaterial is added to the dovg! this case, the putrefactive process, for such it is, is commenced by the introduction into the batter, from the air, of certain microscopic germs whieh are always the chicf agents in originating the process of decay, and which arc always present In putrefying matter. Hop yeast, bosides containing the noxious elements. just mentioned, contains an alkaloid whieh is peculiar to the hop plant, and which is a powerful narcotic poison When used in a concentrated form, It is dueto the action of this poison that a hop poultice is often used to relieve local pain, Brewer's or haker’s yeast is also a vile product of the process of putsefaction, It is simply the foul matter which rises to the surface of the vat as sewn, or sinks to the bottom as sediment, in the fermentatation of beer, Bad as are tho’ articles already mentioned, there is a class still more injurious; Viz, the soda, saleratus, cream of tartar, and the arlous ‘compounds Isiown as baking powders They are all extremely pernicious, and have wrought much mischief upon human stomachs, It is uscless to arguo that a harmless salt is produced by the combination of these elements, for tho satt itso is a caustic, iritating chemical, ‘and a poison, 1, Changes which aro the results of fermentaion, The first, and that upon which the value of the process depends, is the production of carbonic, well-known poison permeates. the avid. 29 whole loaf, ‘The same is also the case when chemicals are used. Again, it has been proven by chemical analysis that considerable portion of alcohol is formed in tho “raising” of fermented bread, and that so much of this is retained in tho bread that a person would take as much al-

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cohol into his system by eating a few loaves of formented bread, as by drinking a glass of beer. Lastly, if the process of fermentation is allowed ‘to progress a lttlo too long, true putrefaction begins, and acetic, butyric, and other unwholesome aida aro formed, which often givo to bread a very unpleasant taste and odor. «¢, In addition to all theso unwholesome ele‘ments,to which ordinary domestic bread is lisbl baker's bread contains ‘numerous other harmful ingredients, which aro edded either for the purpose of hiding the po r quality of his materials increasing tho weight of his loaves, or otherwise increasing his gains. Conspicuous in this list are Diag vitriol, ammonin ‘or aa ammonia eum, chalk, and ‘magnesia, Sundry other chemicals, besides various filthy compounds sold as fruit essences, aro also used in eakes end pies. ‘6. The production of carbonic acid and aleoho! is ai the expenso of both starch and sugar, two of tho chietmutrient elomenta of tho grain, and ‘abo of th peculiarly grateful aroma which gives to each spocies of grain its characteristic flavor. ‘This is ono of tho reasons why fermented bread ean bear no comparison in sweotness with unleavened, ‘Tho various chemicals which aro emacployed in “raising” broad, through chemical tion upon the ingrediont of the grain, not only destroy some of them entirely, converting them 30 into harmful agents, but they render the whole

less palatable and less nourishing.

Directions for Making Wholesome Broad. Incredible as it may seem to one who has never scen the matter demonstrated, itis nevertheless a fact that bread possessing all the qualities of lightness and porosity may be produced without the introduction of any such deleterious substances as yeas, soda, saleratus, or ercam of tartar. Neither will it! bo found necessary to allow the batter to stand until tho process of decay is spon taneously induced. Atmospheric air and soft rwuter are the only materials necessary to render bread as light ascan be desired. ‘These harmless agents are incorporated into the meal by proper mixing, and when heat is applied, the air ex ppands, and the wator is converted into steam, so that the broad is effectually raised without tmdlorgoing the processof decay, or being eontas inated by any villainous chemical compounds. ELECTION OF MATERIALS —One of the most important requisites is the selection of the proper kind of material, Good bread cannot, be duced from poor flour by the most expert mani ulations of a professional cook. Especially pea, materia) important in, making hygienic read, sineo its excellence depends so largely uupon the natural properties of the grain,.and deficiencies and unpleasant properties cannot be obscured by the addition of foreign materials so frequently employed in the old methods of bread

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Firstlass flour must possess each of making. the following qualities:-— 1. It must bo prepared from grain which has been fully matured, and which hias not suffered deterioration from rust or mold, er from being a ‘exposed to moisture and heat. BeTho grain should be. thoroughly purified fom all foreign substances before grinding. of ’3. Tho flour must not bo deprived of any proc; tho mutritiouselomente of the grain by theresorted generally s0 tas of “ bolting” which is teeth and to, and which results in ruining the every constitutions of thousands of persons far year, of by find involves tho reckless waste nutrient grains our of most nutritious portions Tn other words, fino flour should never‘ be used, Wheat meal or graham flour, corn nowmeal,be oatmeal, readily barley meal, and rye meal can they and obtained in nearly all localities; flour. should always bo used instead of bolted —nei “4. The meal should bo properlIfy tooground coarse, th fine too nor ther too coarse huulls of the arin will be iitating to tho del ‘6 organs, especially to thoso w1 by bedie morbidlymade sensitive rentlored will it from ‘ease. If too fino, the bread desirable. Tess likely to be as light as the . Lastly, when water is used for making selected. bo should only water soft pure batter, diHard water toughens tho dough and greatly salt minishes the tenderness of the bread. NoNeither water, the to added bo ever should should any chemical be added for the purpose of “softening” the water, as the evil will only be increased ‘Directions ror MAKING—Afer having s0lected the proper materials, much caro and even dexterity is needed to prodaee good bread, ‘The following gonraldiretions must be carey atta T. Caro must be exercised to select just. the 32 right proportion of the ingredients for thie partic. ular atticle to be produced. * Whenever conven Tent, accurate measurement should be resorted that different to, "But it must he borne in mind qualiabsorbing nt possess grain of Kinds same the of grades or and different qualities respeet. inthis Kind of grain will also vary Hence the amount of water or other fluid to be incorporated with a cortai quantity. of flour ta lit must be subject to certain var tle careful experimenting wil proper amount in all cases, de2 Sinea tho lightness of unleavened breadatmosof expansion tho upon pends so largely Phere air, itis, evidently, quito importantthe that fare should bo taken to incorporate into batter as much of this harmless “raising” agent as possible ‘3. Much also depends upon tho condition of tho oven, which must receive a duo share ofovenattention, “Tho terms quick oven and slow

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fare of frequent. occurrence in the technology of cookery, but are often quite loosely employed. ‘A. quick oven is ono which is g0 hot that the a very few seconds, An be held in it but hhanid can oven in which the hand ean bo held for a full half ‘minuto is termed a slow oven, These definitions tare obviously not quite satisfactory, but pethaps they aro as preciso as ean well bo given without resorting to tho thermometer which is not always at hand. 4. All utensils employed must of course be kept serupulously clean in order to preserve unimpaired the natural sweetness of tho grain 5. Do not bo discouraged evenafter repeated ond final succes ice. 33 fears, Sl prorere tain, ‘Tho makingof good, wholesome, hyieni bread is the very highest triumph of the cilinary art; and when accomplished, ono of the most efficient means of restoring and preserving healthrehhas been acquired, Bad bread is probably il sponsible for more despondent feelings, more tempers, more crimes, perhaps more’ suicides, than any other article of food. And good bread ef icient in promoting health, cheeris equally fulness, amiability, and even piety ; for we fully credit the statement that there is “religion then, Toat of bread.” Is not such a triumph, worth working for? 6, If itis desired that the bread should be tender and moist, it should be made with hot waterdeIf dryness and brittleness are the qualities sired, cold water should be used, and the ‘colder the better. It is important that the meal should alwaysbe perfectly fresh, as all kinds of flour deteriorate Yery rapidly afer grinding, especially when exposed to warmth and moisture. ‘The best and cleanest grain should be selected. Soft Biscuit, or Gems, Wo give this first as being the simplest and most quickly made of any form of bread. It is, consequently, a very convenient articlo for break fast. Although but short time bas elapsed sinco this kind of bread was introduced into cookery, it has become very general favorite among all classes, even those who are not hy iste. “Tt is to bo lamented, however, that too often the delicate natural flavor and sweetness of the grain is destroyed by the caustic action of uM such questionable articles as soda, saleratus, baking powders, ete. Nothing but pure water and real are needed in its composition, Into one part of cold soft. water stir two parts of rather coarsely ground graham flour made from the best. white Sift slowly in with one hhand while stirring with the other, thus endeayoring to get in as much air as possible. If the flour is made from red wheat, a little more than two parta of meal will bo required. ‘The batter

should always be thick enowgh so that it will not settle flat, IF it in too thin, the biscuit will bo {

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likely to be flat and blistered ; if too thick, they will be tough and heavy. In the first case, the batter is not of sulficient, firmness to retain the air, and in the second, it is toostiff and unyielding. Beating the batter after mixing does not materially increas its lightness. No salt should bbe used, BaxiNG.—The loaves must. be small, like bise cuit. Cast-iron gom pans or patty pans are tnost convenient for baking in, ‘The pans shoul bbe heated very hot before dropping the batter in, Avery hot oven is vejuired, and the goms should be baked on the top first, to prevent the scape of the air and steam, ‘The heat, should riot be sufficient to brown them in less than fi toon minutos, and they are better to bake twenty-five or thitty minutes; a longer time toughens the rast. In order to prevent sticking, many people are in the habit of placing in the. pans s0 lange an amount of grease that the biscuits are rather vied than baked. ‘This is a most pernicious practice, and is wholly useless, ‘To provent sticking, smear the baking iron with sweet oil or fresh butter. Heat it thoroughly, and then carefully wipe sway as much as possible of the oil. This All leave the iron smooth ; and if itis carefully wiped after each baking, and then laid away in a dry place without washing, no difficulty will bo experienced from sticking, and it will require oiling only at long intervals. The pan must always be very hot when the batter is placed in it, By combining other graina in various proportions, = o Suny aiden kiide of germ may"bw mada.”mealA Raton Tryon parts ofati, Badgraham icofourmayandaloocomabe oe part boiled rice to three of waterya litle and ir in. ‘onegraham Bour aificiont to make partaa batter Uhieker than when the moat ia used alone. Hominy and

ar barleya verymay sonvenent bo ued inthe samo of mariner, This wil Eeound method wilsing portions f food which might other be wasted.

Corn-Bfoal Goms. ‘Upon one part of fino eorn-meal, pour two parts of boiling water, and mix well. Bake in ‘gem pans, in a quick oven, This makes the simpest and’ sweetest com cake that can be made. ‘A favorite method with some is to allow the Datter to stand over night after mixing; but it i ligble to injury from souring. AxotHER Metnon.—Pour boiling water upon 8 pint of swoet, evenly ground cor mea, stirring briskly untilall is scalded. ‘Then thin the batter with cold water and a half a pint of fineor graham flour, Bake until slightly brown. Hot stewed pumpkin may be used instead of hot water, Oatmeal Goms. Mako a thin batter of nice oatmeal and cold water, Let it stand over night, and in the moming adda little graham flour if too thin, Bako as wheat-meal gems,

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Rye-Moal Gom ‘Use rye meal instead of wheat meal, and mix and hake as directed for soft biscuit. ‘The batter should be a litte thicker: Ryo-ond-Indion Gems. Take one pint corm meal and twice as much rye meal, Seal the corn meal with boilin water, stirring it well, ‘Then add the rye meal with sullicient warm (not hot) water to make a thick batter, Beat, or stir with a spoon, a fow minutes, and bake in a moderate oven. Graham-and-Indian Gems. Scald one-half pint of corn meal, Add onehalf pint cold water. Beat out all the lumps. ‘Add another half pint of eold water, and sift and stir in about a quart of graham flow, Bake on the top for forty or fifty minutes, If the erust is too hard, cover in a dish for a few minutes after baking. Grecn-Corm Gems.

‘Take one part grated groen com and two parts of water, ‘Thicken with grahann flour, a little thicker than fir soft biseuit. This makes very tenyder and palatable gems. Drop Cake. Mix wheat or rye meal with cald water to a inl lowgh, stirring amit well wise, and drop spoon upon @ hot baking tin in a hot st with @ Bake until well cooked and brown, Eat, oven,

while warm, Jonny Cake. Prepare the hatteras for corn-meal gems, and bake ina common baking tin. This is known Jn the South and West as “hoo-cake,” “corn dodger.” ete. In the days of open ranges and fireplaces, the batter was commonly baked upon a board before the fire

‘Mixed Johnny Cake, ‘Take equal parts of wheat ical and coarse comm meal, Scald the latter, and add the wheat meal with only sufficient water to leave the batter stiff enough to need smoothing with a spoon, Make ono or two inches thick, and bake an hour. Tet it stand covered a few minutes after baking. Snow Cake.

‘Take one part of com meal and two parts dr ‘mow. If the snow is moist, use less, Mix well in a cold room, Bake in gem pans, filing the pans rounding full. Placo quickly in a very hot oven. If the cakes aro raw, or too dry, more snow was required. IF they are heavy, too much Oatmeal Broakfast Cake. Saturate oatmeal of medium fineness with water. Pour the batter into a shallow baking dish, and shake down level. It should be wot

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enough so that when this is done a little water will stind on the top. Bake twenty minutes in f quick oven. Tt may also bo baked in fifteen minutes on the top of the stove ina covered dish, Rico Cake, 38

Thin well-oiled vive, w h i l e hat, with water. After cooling,1 formed, work in wheat prety Stiff dough Bako inmealany aadeste a for, Pudding Biscuit. Any kiod mush mayino bei made celles} Woutof bycoldworking grainintoRea,exand kneading well. Bake with moderala beat Griaate Cokes. No.1, Make a intothin eoldbatter by slowly“Babe stn Iekivheat ‘lou wale. upon s gopilfia er axpaeue gia’ Rab Gelpad: lo well as soon as each cake is removed, andit Il require no greasing, Eat ae soon as’ baked, Nov 2. A mictaro of comm meal and graham four makes, vory excelent grid cakes The

griddle may be placed in the oven, and the eakes Baked erisp, if desired, No. 8. Very nico cakes can also be made by mixing graham flour with grated sweet corn toa proper consistoney, Hard Biscuit, Pour upon the flour tobe us ed, boiling water enough to wet it. About one part water to two of flour is the quantity usually required. Stir ha spoon just enough to mix it well without much working. ‘Then roll or press it with the hand upon a bread board, with plenty of flour, to the thickness of one-half or three-fourths of an inch. Cut into convenient shape, and bake ina moderate oven for twenty minutes, ‘They are very tender if not baked to0 long, Rolls. 39 Make a stiff batter with cold water, work in ‘as much flour as will knead well, and then knead for twenty minutes or half an hour. Make into rolls one-half inch to two inches in thickness, ‘and bake in « hot oven on a grate or baking pan dusted with four, laying them a little distance apart. Excellent rolls may bo made by kneading flour into cold graham, corn-meal, or oatmeal pudding. Sealded Rolls. These aro made like the preceding with the exception that the batter is first made with hot, instead of cold, water. ‘They do mot require 50 uch heat a the soft biscuit, Corn Rolls. ‘Take corn meal, rather fine, scald with boiling and olitring well. Ad a ite cold water veater water and Dost out all fumps; then edd more stir in grabam flour sufficient to make abatter somewhat thicker than for soft biseuit. Bake in rolls,

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LOAF BREAD Groham Broad. Make a stiff dough with rather coarse wheat meal. Knead a long time, and bake in quart dishes, Botato Bread. Boil and thoroughly mash mealy potatoes. ‘Add the desired quantity of flour, and mix with water, making a batter sufficiently to knead on the board. Bake in any form 40 thick preferred. May use equal quantities of potatoes and meal, oF two parts of tho meal to one of potatoes, Sweot Potato Bread. Steam or boil without peeling, a sul nt number of sweet potatoes. Peel and mash ‘Add a sufficient quantity of graham flour to give ihe desired consistency.” Mix and knead quickly, and bake in small loaves or rolls. Cocoanut Bread. To each quart of graham flour add three tablespoonfuls of grated cocbanut. Mix either with ‘water or the milk of the mut, knead until the lough is spongy, and bake as dirccted for other bread. Snow Bread. Mix one part of corn meal with two parts of ary snow, stirring woll. Pour into a pan, rounding in the middle to a thickness of about two inches, Bake in a lot oven twenty or thirty minutes, When properly made, this bread is very light and sweet, Oatmeal Broad. 1, Stir oatmeal slowly into boiling water, making quite a thick Latter, Pour into a deep dish and bake in a hot oven till brown, 2 Knead dry oatmeal into oatmeal mush, Form the dough into a small loaf and bake with a moderate heat, ‘The dough may bo rolled thin one-fourth inch—and cut witha cake cutter, Makes very nice cakes. ‘Mixed Broad. a ‘Take threo parts of corn meal, and one part each of wheat meal, oatmesl, and rye meal. Scald with boiling water after mixing thoroughly. Steam six hours, and bake half an hour. Rye-and-Indian Lost. No. 1, Take equal parts of rye and com meal. Scald’ the latter with enough boiling water to sufi‘wel it thoroughly. Add the rye meal and cient water to admit of stirring with a large iron spoon, The loaf should bo about three or four inches thick. Smooth it over with the wet hand, and place on the top of the stove where tho heat is not quite sufficient to burn it, and let, it simmer an hour or two until cracks sppear on

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the surface. ‘Then bako with a moderate heat for threo or four hours. ‘To prevent too thick a crust, it may be steamed three hours and then baked one. If the bread proves sticky and heavy, the batter was too thin, or the meal was too fine; if itis hard, it was not wet enough. No, 2, Take one part rye meal, or coarse wheat meal, and two parts corm meal; pour boiling water over tho corm meal, and’stir it till the whole is sufficiently wet to work in the meal without adding any more water, and then, when about milk warm, work in tho meal. Should the dough be too stiff, add as much warm, but in a ; bako ‘not hot, water as may’ be ni round iron dish from threo to five hours, This bread, when now, or 8 day or two old, maybe sliced’ and toasted; it is very sweet and whol some, The crust is apt to fall off; this maybe wet in water and put ina stone jar with some tart apples, pecled and sliced, nicely 42 moderately covering the apples with the erust; then add a little water, and cover the dish with a tightlyfitting eover; sot it on the stove til the apples fare cooked, and then take the crust. off into plates; sweeten the apples to snit the taste, and spread over the crust. Or, the crust may be broken and stirred into the apples, thus making avery excellent dish, Brown Bread, Several good recipes for making this excellent New England bread are recommended by suecessfal cooks. We give a number to suit various tastes, ‘No. 1, Take four cups cor meal, four cups rye meal, and one cup wheat bran or middlings, Mix with warm water, making a pretty stiff bat. ter. Bake in covered dishes in a moderate oven three hours. No, 2. Take equal quantities of rye and com meal, and mix with water, making a dough that can be kneaded, Work with the hands until it loses its stickiness, and will readily cleave from the fingers, Let it stand several hours, or over night, and bake in loaves, in covered dishes, in a moderate oven, from three to five hours. Or, it away bo steamed three hours, and baked one Coarsely-ground meal is better than fine for this Kind of bread No. 8. Take such proportions of com and rye sical as desirable, add Oneaighth to one-foth of wheat ran or shorts, Mix with either warm or cold water, and not too thick to be easily stirred with a spoon. Bake slowly at first, Wheat meal may be used in placo of the ry0 43 ‘meal; in which caso the batter shaula be somewhat thinner, Pumpkin Brown Bread. yual parts of sifted pumpkin and rye and sige uml ay ha ale tla pry ouslaal se

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by treating according to almost any of the above recipes, Apple Brown Bread, Pare and oor a fow juley apples, either eyost or mildly sour, stow and thoroughly mash. ‘Then work in equal parts of com and rye meal until tho batter is of proper consistency, and the whole is thoroughly mixed, Bake as directed for other kinds of brown bread. Rusk.

Bread or crackers of any kind may be made into rusk by first drying till brown and then grinding in a coffee or hand mill. This is a very serviceable article for thickening puddings, soups, ete, Greham Crackers. Mix grabam flour and cold water into a ver stiff dough, Knead, and roll a quarter of an ine ‘or less thick. Cut ‘into any desired form, prick with a fork to prevent blistering, and bake ina hot oven fifteen or twenty minutes Graham Crisps. No. 1. Mix samo as above. Roll very thin, and bake quickly in a hot oven, Excellent food for dyspeptics. ‘No. 2, Make a thin batter of any kind of meal, “

pour into any convenient baking dish, ono-ighth fan inch deep. Bake until erisp. Very tender ‘when warn, but become tough by standing ‘Oatmeal Crackers.

Mix finely-ground oatmeal with water suffi. cient to wet ib thoroughly, usually one part of waterto two of meal. Roll about one-fourth of fan inch thick. Bake carefully, as they will be liable to bum, These are excellent crackers to cat with mushes of all kinds. ‘They have a peculiar nutty flavor which makes them very palatable, Ontmeal Crisps. Into oatmeal mush, or scalded oatmeal, knead a small quantity of’ graham flour, Roll very thin, prick with a fork, and bake upon a grate. Be careful that they do not bun. ‘They are very tender and crisp when warm, If they are kept several days, place in the oven a few minutes just before they are to be eaten. Corn-Mfeal Crackors, Scald corn meal with boiling water, and with the hand wet in cold water form the dough into small cakes one-fourth of an inch in thickness, Bake until somewhat brown, Graham and Oatmeal Crackers. No.1. Equal parts of graham flour and oat‘meal made as directed for graham crackersare

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very tender. ‘No.2. Work graham flour“into oatmeal pudding, forming a pretty stif dough, and kneading well. Bake until nively brown in a moderate oven, Graham and Corn-Moal Crackers. ry No, 1. Excellent crackers may be made by using one-third corn meal and two-thirds graham flour. ‘The com meal should bo scalded before adding the graham flour. No. 2. Work graham flour into cold corn-meal pudding, Knead thoroughly, roll thin, and cut Into square cakes. Are very tender when warm. ‘A large variety of crackers may be made by combining graham flour, oatmeal, corn meal, and rye meal, in various proportions,

Those wino have not become fully weaned from fermented bread and soda biscuit will find the following recipes an improvement upon many of the old methods; we do not recommend them, however, and advise all, especially invalids, to uso only the more atrictly hygienic kinds of bread already described Leavened Graham Broad. No, 1. Into three pints of warm water, stit raham flour sufficient to make batter aboutas thick as can be well stirred with a spoon, To of hop yeast. Cover, this, add two large spoonfuls and set in a warm placo to rise, When light, stir again, and lotit rise the second time, This, Put will make two ordinary loaves of bread. minten about into tins, and set in a warm place ‘utes, or {ill it begins to rise the third time. Bake ssbout one hour. thick, tho brosdbakingwill ibe indryNotandwo Nore.—If itmixedgets too too light before hand oF if mado. nearly ss fine just right, i wil bo brow good; ut. fine-flour fFainod and spongy a0 No. 2. Make a thin batter of flour and warm 46 flour to graham). ‘The ‘water (some prefer fine 100° temperature, ‘The water should be about will Datter should be just thick enough 30 that it in a batter the Place standing, rot separate by of end the at hors, ‘warm place for about six ‘which time it will be found to be light, Tt should not be allowed to stand long enough to acquire warm water any unpleasant smell. ‘Thin with make a dough to flour fand stir in enough graharn Uhiek enough to wold. Mold thoroaghly, and place in baking tins, allowing it to stand an howr fr two until it becomes light, Some use milk. Sweet Brown Broad. quarts of ‘Take one quart of rye flour, two half a tenmeal, wheat pint one coarse corn meal, gill one and eupful of molasies or good sugar, af potato yeast, “Mingle the ingredients into as stiff a dongh as ean bo stirred with a spoon, tusing warm water for wetting, Let it rise sev

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eral hours or over night; then put it in a largo, deep pan, and bake five ar six horns. Gems.

pls ition of milk: and gs to goms made from the various grains as previously directed, Shonght by sone to make tern tore palaeabe ‘They are less healthful, for reasons already exned; still they are much better than soda or saleratus hiseuit, and if either must be used, by all means employ eggs and milk instead of soda, saleratus, cream tartar, or sour milk. Buckwheat Griddle Cakes, aks om quart of lor intoa thin baer with Inkewarm water. Add a handful of Indian meal ‘and tescupful of yeast, Keep ina warm a pplaco haifover 0 night, and bake in the morning. Rico Griddle Cakes. Soak over night one quart of cold, boiled head rice, in a pint of mille or water; the next morning add ono quart of milk and stir in nearly as miich flour and two well-beaten egs. Bake on tone griddle. Fine bread erumbs or rusked bread, mixed with rico, improve this cake, Pumpkin Griddle Cakes. ‘Take equal quantities of strained pumpkin and sweet milk. ‘thicken with corn meal, Allow it to stand over night, and bake slowly on a soapstone griddle, roast. Fruit Toast. Slice thin and toast cold soft biscuit, Place in ‘a proper dish and pour whortleberries, raspberries, or similar fruit, with much juice, Rat with oatmeal eracknels, ‘Some cooks soften the toast with hot water before adding the fruit

Peach Toast. Cat into halves soft biseuit, and brown nicely. Pour some of the juice of canned peaches into an earthen baking dish. Lay in the slices, and place upon each a piece of peach, Place in an oven, and bake twenty minites. ‘Tomato Toast. Nicely brown tender bread, and place in the dish in'which the toast is to be served, Pour it a proper quantity of tomatoes stewed as 48 over directed elsewhere. Dry Toast. Any kind of graham bread when toasted is an excellent article for dyspeptics. Tt has several advantages; the most important are, 1. It re‘quires sufficient mastication to thoroughly insalivate it; 2. It undergoes a change during the process of toasting which renders it more easy of digestion, Simply drying is not sufficient. The

THE SURVIVOR Vol bread must bo browned; but care should be exereised not to burn it

Scald sweet milk, and thi ken it with a very little flour or wheat meal. Carefully toast both sides of either brown or white bread (stale bread is best), eracker,or bisouit, till its eolor becomes yellowish brown; then put it in the dish for ihe tablo, just covered with the thiekened mill “Aad no butter. pe is not strictly hygienie; but we ean, heartily recommend it in. preference to butter toast, whieh is one of the very worst articles of food, notwithstanding the fact that it is s0 frequently provided for sek people.

FrRuIT-BREAD AND fake, The contrivances usually designated by these names are the most prolific sourees of dyspepsia and “biliousness” of which so many people eomplain Even those who are the most careless to overything that pertains to hy49 with reference ruined ggiene scem to learn this fact after having their health by indulgence in every savory compound of fine flour, sigar or molasses, lard, sour ‘milk and saleratus, which ingenious but ignorant cooks could invent. For this reason, most chronic yspepties stand in mortal fear of anything that looks ike a cake; but we would assure them thatthe cakes we resornmend are such that even the dyspeptic may partake without fear of harm; nesswith heihim.”9 bay diseased that “noth Bt eanagrees ing Fruit Goms. Mako a hattor as for gems, Add @ few whoreberries, chopped apples, dates, raisins, or any other fruit desired. Bake in gem pans as direct cd for goms. Fruit Cake, Stow and sash any kind of fruit desired, either fresh or drie; as apples, pears, or berries,’ Have plenty of juice, While boiling hot, pour it upon wheat méal with which a few cut raisins have been previously mixed. Form into loaves with slight kneading on a board with plenty of flour. Bake in rather small cake dishes, one to two hours, ‘The oven should not be excessively hot, land should be quite moderate toward the last. Swoot Potato Fruit Cake. Make a dough as directed for sweet potato broad. Adj a sufficient quantity of grated cocoanut and chopped fruit, as dates, raising, anc figs. Roll thin, cut with a eako cutter, and bake in a quick oven, Applo Biscuit. 50

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Form a thick batter by mixing graham flour with cold sweet apple sauce. Form into biscuits without kneading, and Lake. Fruit Crackers,

Mako a dough os for fruit cake, mixing in chopped dates.” Roll thin, form into crackers, and bake. Strawberry Short Cal Make a thin batter of fine oatmeal, Let it stand over night. Tn the morning, add an equal quantity of graham flour, and grated cocoanut in roportion of a teacupful to each quart, of flour, Fake in gom-pans in'a quick oven, When cold cut in halves, and cover each half with strawberries, ' Raspberries, whortleberries, blac berries, or stewed cranberries, may be served in the sane way. If the fruit is quite sour, date sauce may be added. Rico Cake, To two parts of well boiled rice, add one part ach of corn meal and stoned dates or seedless raisins chopped fine. Make into a soft dough with water, roll one-third of an inch thick, cut into small cakes, and bake ina moderate oven. Dust the pan with meal to prevent sticking. Covoanut Ci No. 1. With a pint of boiled eragked wheat mix a grated cocoanut, a half pint of cocoanut milk, halfa pint of dried currants or other dried berries, a quart of stewed sweet apples or boiled figs, and sufficient wheat meal to make a moderately stiff dough. Bake, in loaves,an hour and 51 ahalf to two hours, No.2 Make a batter. of aboutthe ¢hicknoss required for gems, by mixing graham flour with qual parts of woter and coconnut milk,” Add grated cocoanut in any desired quantity. Corn-Moal Fruit Goms. Make batter as usual for com gems, Add onethird berries or chopped apples. Bake in gem ans, ‘Whortleberry Johnny Cako. Make a stiff dough of corn meal and boiling water. Add one-halfripe whorteberries.. Fors fan inch thick upon a flat baking tin with the hand wet in cold water. Bako until brown, Popped-Corn Fruit Cake. Grind and brown in the oven @ quantity of popped com, Reduce tos pulp some kind of fruit, and mix with the popped com to a moderately stiff dough. Form into molds and allow to stand for a half hour. Se various fruits in diferent roportions with the soveral grains, « great variSty of Bait cakes can bo made

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Tho following recipes for cakes we cannot recommend, and would advise invalids to avoid using; but they are comparatively harmless beside tive cakes too often used -— Currant Breed. ‘Tako three pounds of flour; one pound of raisina; two pounds of currants; one pint and of new milk; and one gill of yeast. Warm 62 half the milk and mig it with the flour and yeast; cover with a cloth, and set it by the fire. When risen sutficiently, add the fruit, and mold it; then put it into a baking tin, or deep dish, rubbed With swoet oll, or dusted with flour; after it has risen for half an hour longer, bake in a moderately hit oven. Fruit Loaf. (One and a half eups of bread erumbs—or soaked batter bread—one eup of wheat rmeal, one cup of sugar, two cups of chopped apple, and two-thins Hfacup of curiants, Mix intimately, and bake till the apples are tonder, This may be eaten with or without @ dressing. Whortleberry Journey Cake. Take one pint of whortleherries, one small tea‘eupful sugar, one pint com meal, ohe tablespoon fal of flour. | Wet the whole with boitiny water and Wake in small, round cakes, in a ut ovel twenty mninntes, Cocoanut Cookies. One cup good wheat meal, one-half cup grated eocoanut, and one-halfcup sugar. Rub these thon gether, thon wet witha scant half cup of water—just enough to make a dough as soft as can be readily worked, oll out to onethind of an inch, cut into shapes, and bake in a. pretty quick oven about fifteen minutes, Some wareis required not to bake them too hard, Currant Cookies. Substitute Zante currants for the eovoanut in the above, and proceed in the sume manner. Or 53 if preferred, chopped raisins or dried whortleberries may be used. Cream Cake. One pint sweet cream, one cup white sugar, fone cup raisins or currants, one egg if desired ; graham flour for rather a thin batter. Bake. in bread pans, Or the same may be made into® dough, molded and cut into cakes or formed into rolls, Bake in a quick oven, Pupoines

Puddings are among the staple articles of diet with hygienists; but they become the causo of rmuch mischief to the digestive apparatus. This

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is due tothe improper manner in which they are eaten, Many people eat pudding very much as they would soup, without the slightest attempt, at mastication, OF course masti essary to soften this ki with’ many other articles; but simply breaking or comminuting tho food is not the eole abject of mastication. Ono most important hj secure the thorough admixture of the every particle of food taken into the ‘This is especially necessary with farinaceous foods, of which puddings ere umolly mde When thi oes not oozu, digestion i rendered mich mare difficult, and is likely to become itmpaired, To Shviate this dtey, some Kind ot dry food should always be eaten with puddings and soups of all kinds. Crackers made according to the recipes already given are thé best for this purpose, 54 This wil insure thorough chewing. Puddings will be relished better if eaten with bread or crackers made from some other Kind of grin ‘They are almost always made too thin, General Directions. 1, Too violent heat is a thing to be carefully avoided at all times, Gentle heat will cook all ki 1d vegetables much more ef Soft water should always be employed. No needed after a person has learned to appreciate the delicate flavors of the natural grains. 3, Much stirring is also damaging to puddings, as it makes them less light than they would otherwise be, and many times makes them more ly to burn. This is particularly true of samp. + When fruit of any kind is added to puddings while they are cooking, it should be previously eooked, and then added just before the pudding is done. Otherwise it will be likelyto settle to the bottom and burn, Oatmeal, com ‘meal, graham, and farina puddings, are rendered ‘much more palatable by the addition of some ind of fruit, or grated cocoanut, Graham Pudding. Sift the meal slowly into boiling water stirring constantly until it is little too thick to settle flat. If made from coarse meal, it will be ax thick when done as when first mixed ; but if the ‘meal is fine, it will become somewhat. thim Allowance can easily be made for this when fine ‘meal is used, by making a little thicker at first Aiter stirring in the proper amount of meal, set the Kettle upon a part of the stovewhere it will simmer without burning, Lat it romain thirty ae without stirring. ~By this is mado light, and is thorSony seek fh wey te need is oe dipped in cold water, and allowed to cool, if deOntmoal Pudding.

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Sift one part of coarely ground oatmeal into latoron tool pnts of boltag pater, gharng fe minutes or until isola Cover clotely and put it where it will only simmer fora half hour. Do not atir after it sets, and take up carefully. It is, ‘somewhat improved by cooking three quarters of an bour. Corn-Moal or Hasty Pudding. ‘The meal should be sifted, when wanted for thus removing the coarsest ‘use, with an oat seive, of the bran. Stir into boiling water rapidly enough to be ablo to beat out, the lumps which may form before they are cooked hard. If the meal is fine, make it as thick as desired to be when done. "If it is rather coarse, use one part meal to about two and one-half parts of water. Stir frequently until it sets; then cook Togently prewithout stirringfor ono or two hours. the of part a to kettle the remove burning, vent keep to sufficient barely is heat the stove where it simmering. Cracked Whoat. ‘Take one part of the wheat to four or five parts of water. In making, follow the directions ven for oatmeal pudding, allowing it to simmer four or five hours, Tt wil eook quite as fast when only simmering as when boiling hard, and 56 will be much less likely to burn, It isa very healthful dish. Crushed Wheat. This is an article recontl odueed into the market, It is commonly sold in small packages by grocers, Use two parts of water to one of the wheat, Make as directed for graham padding, and allow it to sitnmer an hour or an hour and a quarter. Farina,

‘The proportions required axe the same as for in stira. kettle thecoldwater pudding” as Bail catmealonetcighth wo-mixwater much Tato the "Pour used, be to faring the of thirds water, stirring” wel, and ture into the boiling. remaining third of dry farina. then stir in the Cook as directed for oatmeal pudding. Boiled Rice.

No.1,washing, Selectpoigood,int plomp, unbroken graof Ww ater about eight parts torthoroughly Let it softened. boil rapidly‘Thenuntilstrainthe offKernels ‘are the water ‘com. is the method ‘This colander. a through fuouly employed in Indi, where this article of food is ealed lat. ‘The water may be saved find sed forall purposes for whieh Hoo water is serviceable No.2, or twoSomein coldrecommend sosking.boiling,the rico"Thenan hour water before toil ewentyplace minutes stirringwilverysimmer ile; foranda half alt trward it where Hour longer. When this method is followed, ax

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little water as possible should be employed, s0 that the tice may merely steam at the last Raising previously soaked in cold water for oT several hours, are a great addition to boiled rice, Graham and Rico Pudding. No. 1. Boil gill of rice in thre or four pinta of water for twenty or thirty minutes, Stir in auflicient wheat meal to make as thick as desired, fand allow it to cook slowly for half or three quarters of an hour longer. No, 2. Cold boiled rice may also be used in the same way. Take ono part riee to threo of water. Carefully beat out the lumps, add the meal, and ‘cook as directed for No. 1. Boiled Samp. ft with an oat seive to remove the hulls; or if this useful utensil is not at hand, wash two or three times in water. Pour one part into three or four parts of boiling water and stir until it sets, but no longer. Cook slowly, as directed for other kinds of pudding, for two or three hours. Ts sweetest when male from new corn meal ‘Small Hominy. upon a soapstone griddle, Hulled Cor. Hulled com or “great hominy” makes a very palatable article of food when cooked until tender, Tt requites cooking for several hours, and caro should be exercised that it does not burn. ‘The addition of a little green com cream after it is cooked is beneficial, Hbminy and Beans. 58 ‘A good dish is made by adding one part beans to three parts of hominy when the latter is about hhalf cooked. Cook until both are tender. Serve warm, ‘Millet Padding. Look carefully over and wash the desired quantity of millet Kernels, Scald in two. successive waters and then boil in three times its measure Cover close and cook slowly for an ¢ }our OF more, Boiled Wheat,

Select clean, plump, whito wheat. Pick over aud wash cacflly." Souk overnight and boil

Poarl Barley. the same manneras wheat, and boil ‘Tapioca. Soak in a small quantity of warm water an hour or so, Add a little water and bake slowly,

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winrng frequently, Ada frit after removing from the oven, Manioca maybe cooked in the same way.

Rico and Apple Pudding. No. 1. Pare nice apples and remove the core without dividing them, Cover the bottom of a ish with moist boiled rice, and place upon it the apples with their centers filled with chopped dates and raisins. Cover with the rice and bake im a closed dish until well done. No, 2. Prepare the apples in tho samo way. 7) Spread the rice upon a thick piece of cloth previously wet in cold water. In the center of the cloth place an apple which has beom filled with dite, and iy ring the edge of the doth er, enveloping the apple. ‘io with a string. Te apple shold bo wioliy covered with es Boil or steam an hour. Immerse in oold water ‘85 soon as taken from the kettle, and remove the loth. No. 8. Select the best ripe cooking apples. Pare, core, and cut into small pieces. Put intoa saucspan and mix in a sufficiont quantity of toot frit to secten | Seater in about one uncooked parts apple. Fi Tah ofwater cover rico cus,to endfourbake Ure Nowe in moderate oven. Christmas Pudding. No.1. Place a layer of partially build rice in ‘8 deop basin or nappy. Place upon it a layerof sliced apples, raisins, and chopped dates, Add ‘another layer of rico, and so alternate until the dish is fll. Cover and bake balf an hour. Berries or fruit of any other kind may be served in the same way. No.2, Boil one pint of pearl barley in five times’ as much water, for five or six hours, until Sh Emel ae ah trey pet say add two cups ple, one cup of raisins proviouly baled cell eet, we curs and a cup of chopped dates.’ Tho jnice of = Temon may be added if desired. “Mix, and bake one hour and a half, Servo warm or cold. Corn-Moal Pruit Pudding. ‘Mix com meal to «stiff ‘with boiling water, Add one half as much fruit as dough, 60 stir well together, and bake one to two hours in ‘pudding dish, Broad Pudding.

Stow cither green oF died applesunAil No.1, very soft, "Thoroug hly mash and. strain if necasery. Sweeton by nding «sufciont quan tity of dates prepared’ in the same way. ‘Slice good gratiam bread or gems and soak til oft iva but mixture of thiee parts water af lemon, orange, grape," pie-plant, or,with otherone fruit, juie "Place in the bottom of the baking dish a layer of the apple, and then of the brea alternating until the dish is full, placing fr

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fon the top. Bake half or three quarters of an hour. No, 2, Soak rusk, bread crumbs, or broken dread of any kind, until soft, Stew dried apples in as little water as possible, leaving the pieces unbroken, Mix with the bread and bake moderately two hours. Dates may be added if desired Steamed Bread and Fruit Pudding. Cut into small pieces bread or erackers, Add cone third each of sour apples and raisins or dates chopped fine. Mix well, and add a little water Steam for four hours, ‘Taploca Apple Pudding. Soak a suificient quantity of tapioca ina proper amount of water until soft. Prepare nice Fipe apples, éither sweet or subsacid, and pare and core without dividing. Place a’ portion of the tapioca in a proper dish, Place upon it the apples with the centers filled with chopped raising and dates, if sour; cover with the remainder and bake until the apples are well al ofa the tapioca he dish should be covered closely, and jeat should be moderate. Sweet Potato Pudding. Grate six medium-sized, raw sweet potatoes, Add two quarts of cold sweet cider, one cup of gated cocoanut, and an equal quantity of raisins. ‘Thicken with graham flour, beat the batter well, and bake in a moderate oven Bird's Nest Pudding. Prepare apples as directed in the preceding recipe. If the apples are sweet, place in the center of each a few dried currants: if sour, chopped dates or raisins should be used. Take a few spoonfuls of grabam or white flour, wet with cold water uniil smooth, and add boiling water sufficient to reduee it to the thickness of cream. Fill the dish and bake until done. Apple Pudding. Mix one part of ripe currants with eight or ten parts of graham flour. Mix with boiling water sufficient to make as ‘moist a dough as can be easily handled. Roll out three-fourths of an inch’ thick and place on a baking tin, Pare, core, and quarter ripe, sub-acid apples. Divide the quarters lengthwise and pross the picess into the dough. Bake three quarters of an hour, and serve warm with some sweet sauce. Gooseberry Pudding, Boil one cap of ree in six of water for half an hour. Prepare two cops of gooseberries and mix with an equal quantity of graham flour, Add the boiling rice, mix quickly, and steam three 62 quarters of an hour, Serve with some sweet Chestnut Pudding,

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Boi, pecl, and pound chestnuts, and rub therm through a soive. Pare and grato ripe, sub-acid apples. To one part of the chestnut’ add two parts of apples,a littl lemon juice, and sufficient dato sauce to sweeten, Bake slightly. Pig Pudding. Soak a half pound of figs until soft, Scald a quart of grahain flour, and make it into a stiff dough. Fill fall of the soft figs, and bake or steam an hour and a half. Serve with lemon, plum, or pie-plant sauce, as preferred, A few

63

{are apples,in place pudding choppedoftheineseucemay be added to the Tomato Pudding, No.1, Slee thin good graham bread or gems, Place in a baking dish with an abundaiee of sliced tomatoes, arranging in alternate layors Cover dese and takean hour. Serve with sweet tomatoes ripe fino, thin slice and Peel ‘No.8. be: strewing layers, in dish baking a in Place tween qual parts of ri0p and. chopped daten. theCoverlayersclosely and. bako in e, moderate Sorveas preferred hours three or fortwo oven Groen Corn Custard peaches, mellow comm, and shredof sweet, No. an 1. equalPeel quantity and sweet grated ‘Add same quantity of water, Mix-well,and bake thenan dish for owenty minutesearthen or halfor porsain an hour. baking "A litle corn starch necomary. Exif kind thickening, added fordresing ray be without ay of cellent No.2, comAnother can botomatoes, made by usin pati juicy to twoeustard cone part snd sliced, or lot ny ind of ted fait mayap,bo thislodusedpoms with groon earn,

Applo Custard. Gato ewes, or pleasant sour, apples, or bath together. ary flour, allowing Cover a deep pio dish with crust. Sproad in a half cup of chopped raisins or dates, fill with the apple, and Dake, Must not bo allowed to stand before baking. Oatmea! Jetty, Soak two parte of oatmealin three parta water over night, In the morning, drain of the water and add to it an equal quantity of hot. water. Boil over a quick fire. Stir uniil it boils, then ‘moderate the heat and let it simmor ten minutes and turn into molds, It wil set in e short time and may be served warm, in saucers, with fruit Juice of some kind.

No sugar or milk has been recommended in any of the foregoing recipes for puddings, for

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ry reasons fully explained in the introductopor. {ign of tho Books Tho use of «mall quantity of sugar, however, is not wholly condemned, if the and if, it is mainly confined to best in selected ‘uch ‘aa sweetening sour fruits. If the rmilk is obtained from heslthy animals it may, be ‘even less objectionable than sugar ; yet it can be ot Simost wholly dispensed with by using sweet corn milk and cream, which is much more healthfal. Sugar or milk ean be added to such of the above recipes as seem to require them by those whose tastes refuse to be satistied without, Such persons may also make use of the following recipes, though doubtless with some detriment to health — Bread Pudding. Pour a quart of boiling mitk on as much bread, Diseuit, or crackers, broken or cut into small pieces, as will absorb it; cover it, and let it tetain till quite cool; then sweeten, and bake an hhour and a half ‘Rusk Pudding. ‘One and one-third cups rusk, half a cup sugar, two cups sweet apples, sliced, two quarts milk, i together and bake two hours and a half Baked Apple Pudding. Pare, core, and slice ahout two quarts nice tart apples. Add to them one teacupful of Indian meal, one cup graham flour, and stir together. Pour over thom three-fourths of a cup of sugar issolved in one cup cold water, or sweet milk, stirring till all the flour is wet, " Butter or flour a. deep basinor pan to prevent sticking, and turn the mixture into it, smoothing it evenly over the top. ‘Then spread smoothly over ita batter made by stirring together half a cup of cold water, or sweet milk, three tablespoonfuls of Indian meal, three ditto of graham flour, and one tablespoonful sugar. Bake about two hours and a half, ‘Norn.—Thie in to bo estan with nwootoned ervam or 8 ascuade by ting ino one quart mil, “with trp heaping tablespoonfuls of com starch, Doing molatened cold‘ward. milk,Swecton lettingaccording it boil forto taste. five or ton minutes afterGroen Corn Pudding. ‘To one quart of grated ears of sweet com, add 1 teacupful of cream, ono gill of milk, a tablespoonful of flour, and two ounces of sugar; mix I together, and bake an hour and a half, Cracked Whost Pudding. Boil wheaten grits till quite soft, then dilute with milk to the proper consistency. It should bbe rather thin} sweeten, and bake one hour. Baked Rico Pudding. ‘A small teacup of rico carefully washed, half a teacup of sugar, two quarta of new milk. "Stir

‘well together, and let it bake tio hours or moro ina moderate oven, It is well to stir it once or

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twico at first, that it may mix well with the milk when swelled. ‘Papioca Pudding. Soak the tapioce in warm water or milk an hour of two, then add milk, or milk and water, and a little sugar. Bako slowly, stirring frequently. When done, add fruit, About one cupfal of tapioca is required to make four quarta of pudding. Corn-Starch Pudding. Beat together one eg , two spoonfuls of corn starch, and two spoonfuls of nagar, with lite milk, ' Set on to boil, one pint each of milk and water. When boiling, add the beaton mixture, and cook one minute. Dish up, and omament with drops of jelly. American Plum Pudding. ‘Take one pint each of grabam flour and com meal. Seald tho cor meal, then add the wheat, meal, with two thirds of » pint of Malaga raisins —more or less to suit the taste—with water sufficient to make @ batter just firm enough to hold ‘stout spoon upright. Mix thoroughly, and put it into a pudding boiler, or any suitable covered dish, and boil or steam three and a half or four hhours. If the corn meal is coarse, and the mixture of the right consistency, the pudding will be perfectly light, ‘The long’ cooking makes the raisins rarely delicious, Other fruits may be used in their place, as prunes, prunellas, dried cherFes, dried pears ete; but the fresh and more tender fruits will not endure the long thecooking. Serve warm with fruit sauce

isa syn-

er

‘hare added by tho cook under the name of shortening, fla~ voring, ete, But pies made according to’ the methods we shall recommend are wholly harmless, even to the poor vietims of weak stomachs fand impaired digestion, ‘The chief mischiet making element of the ordinary pio is the crust, which is usually a conglomorato mixturo of 9 ‘very small quantity of superfine flour with land in abundance, and sometimes with the addition of sone milly anda saloratus te. Such « eomyund might very justly inspire dread in tho Routest stomach,to say nothing of diseased one. But the contents of pies aro usually by no ‘means free from objection ‘The spices and varius condiments, together with the large quanti-

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ties of sugar employed, are entirely inimical to health, "All of these may be wisely discarded, and that without any loss of palatable qualities, and a great increase of nutritive value. The natural flavor of our native fruits is quite suff cient when presented in shape to be appreciated; ‘and for sweetening, we have the vatious kinds of aweet fruits,as sweet apples, dates, raisin figs, ete. By combination of various foreign and domestic fruits,as greata variety of healthful and palatable pies maybe madeas could be desired. No one need entertain the slightest apprehensions regarding the healthfulness of pies made according to the following recipes. Oatmeal Pio Crust. Scald two parts of oatmeal with one part of hot water. Roll thin, It bakes very quickly,so that fruit which requires much cooking must be cooked before making into the pie.” This remark, however, applies only to pies which are baked ‘with an upper crust, ‘This crust is very tender, and possesses all the desirable qualities of short: ened pie crusts, with none of their. deleterious 68

Properties

potato Bio Crust.

Boil one quart dry, mely potatoes, moment they are done, mash thet, and sift The through colander. Rub them evenly through eups of graham flour in the same manner as thetwo short ening in common pic erust, Have ready one cup corn meal; pour over it-one and one-third cups boiling water, stirring it tll all the meal is wet, then add it to the potatoes and flour, only until thoroughly incorporated together.mixingNo more flour should be added, ‘the molding board should be well covered with dry however, is slightly difficult to roll oat, flour,T'should roll.d very thin, and bake in a moderate oven, be

lore.—It ia very estentil that tho abova conditions i all bo complied with. Hear in mind that the por ‘must bo fo , and tuixed inmedintely with te ho water he poured, while bling, upon the comm eal, and the wholp mixed togethor very quickly, and baked fumnediately. "Inattontion to any of these Feat sites will bo quite apt to inaure a failures Graham Pie Crust. Make a stiff dough by pouring boiling water upon graham flour, Roll thin with plenty of flour upon the roller and Losrd, and without neat

oan Pio Crust, beans untila. colander soft withor plenty of water.Boil white Tub throngh stove, aad {uid sufficient grahsan our or corm meal to make A pretty at dough. Roll out thin Mixed Pio Crust, No.1, Equal parts of graba flour and com meal or oatmeal, or two-thirds m graha m flour to

68 ‘one-third of either of the others, mixed with cold water to a stiff dough, make very excellent and

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‘The dough should rfectly hygienic pio crusts,pio should, te covered tho and napkin immediately {errouetwiththin,a’ thick upon closely taking from the oven. com meal,or graham pud‘No. 2. To oatmeal, graham flour. “Knead wel, ding, add a little l with graham flour is fand'roll thin, Oatwnea tion, Tt is very tender perbaps the best combina ‘when warm, Cocoanut Pie Crust.

flour, one eup grated cocoa. ‘Two cups grahama stiff with cold water nut. Make into Add onodough of well boiled cupful and knead well, erus is very This thin, fee, Mix well and roll excellent, Corn-Meal Pio Crust.

puropkin, and A vory tender crust for squash, placing i custard pion meybe made hy einply com mealto the bottom of the baking tin dry inch, and then an of rd one-thi the depth of about or cussquash hot placing carefully upon it theThe greatest objecti on tard, as the caso may be. it is so tender that it is to this crust is thatto remove it from the baking somewhat difficult. ‘in without considerable breaking.

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the If pie crust made according to any ofif pies and ed, tolerat be above methods cannot a little cream or Inuat be used, notwithstanding, crust, but butter milk may be added to the any consideration. thould never be used under Neither should soda or sour milk be employed, ‘The following recipes may be used :— ‘CroamrPie Crust. No. 1. Take equal quantities of graham flour, white flour, and Indian meal; rub evenly together, and wet with very thin'sweet cream. Tt Should’ be rolled thin and baked in an oven as hot as for common pie erust. No. 2 Mix gratia flour with sweet cream, and proceed as above, Fine middlings may be tised in the place of geabam flour if preferred. Apple Pie. Pare, core, and slice niee ripe apples of pleas ant flavor, “Propare the crust by any of the methods described, Fill the under erust with the prepared apples, adding a little flour, and sprinkling on the whole a little water, Cut a few holes in the npper ernst for the escape of steam, and place it upon the pie, wetting. the edge to make it adhere closely to the lower erust and so provent the escape of the juice, Bake tuntil thoroughly done, It is well ‘to moderate the heat alittle for a fow minutes before taking ‘ot, so that the exuded juices may be re-absorbed. Tf the apples are very hard, they should be stowed before anaking into the pie, Sour ap)

n

may be rendered move palatable by mixin, with fn eyual quantity of sweet apples or by the adition of raisins or dates, When raisins are ‘used, they should first be stewed a short time, Apple Custard Pic. weet ayples, or a mistare of sweet and Gr sou, i preferred, Nel wal msis one spoontil of dry four for each, pe, Cover « deep pie plate with erust, and add the apples. Cover the top with chopped raisins, dates, or figs. Berry Pies. Whortleberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, eranberries, and, in fact, all the edible wild and cultivated berries, make excellent pies, either when fresh or after having been canned or dried. The sour berries may be improved by alding sweet fruits of various kinds, as dates, figs, raisins, ete. Cranberry Pio.

With stewed cranberries, mix an equal quantity of chopped dates, Bake between two cruste, ‘The upper crust may be made by laying stripe of thin pio crust. across in two directions, leaving PCarrant, Currant, bite rhubarb, gooseberry, ber y, and and che chery, pies may be made in the sume tanner; or, preferred, sweet apples may be substitued for dates, Raspborry and Strawberry Pies,

guise borrios ae of such dliaté structure and lavor that baking greatly injures them, almost count, it is better to preparo tho crust of ju the right sizo; and bake it separately. Bake tho bottom crust in the pio plate or tin, and the upper crust upon a flat, surface, pricking it. to py vent blistering. After baking, place the ripe berries in the dish containing the bottom crust while still hot, Cover with the upper crust, and return to tho oven for s very few minutes, A very short time is sufficient to steam the fruit. Dried Fruit Pies. Prepare the dried fruit by first washing ve ule and then allowing sui over nit in cold water, cooking in the morning until tender in the same water in which it has been soaked. Each kind may be used alone, or several kinds may bo mixed, as preferred, Dried apples and whortlebervies ‘are very good mixed, Bones rouire ttle more, than sealing after ‘thoroughly soaking, and should be placed in

trusts be Bot

,

Raisin Pio. No 1, Soak good raisins over night in cold water, "Stow slowly until tender, Dredge well with flour, adding a few slicos of tart apples or lemon if desired. ~ Bake with two crusts, ‘No. 2, Chopa sulficient quantityof nice; large

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 raisins, Mix: a spoonful of flour or com starch with cop of water, ani aid to each pie. Dake with tio crusts ‘bomon Pic ‘Two cups sweet apple sauce; wo sliced ons; one teacup ofchopped rains; ont ra po tato, grated; a very little corn stave and four. Bake with two erusts after properly snixing, ‘Tomato Pie. Scald smooth, ripe tomatoes, peel and slico, and make as directed for apple pie. Poach Pio. Paro, and cut into thin picees, nice, ip sprinkle with water if not sulfliciently ju dredge with flour

Sweot apples and pears may he made into ex3 cellent pics in the same manner. Batter Pio.

Stir wheat meal, or a mixture of wheat and corn meal, into water, making a batter a little too thie to stile at” With this coveropie tn or nap y, and place upon it a layerof small fit, Unbroken. hen plac batter on tho sides of the dish, and add another layer of fruit, covering the whole with a thin layer of batter. “If the fruits are very juiey, a litle flour should be sprinkled upon each layer to absorb the superfluous juice. Bake from forty to sixty minutes, Care ‘must be taken that the juices do not boil over and escape into the oven. Pumpkin Pic. Pare, cut, and stow a ripe, sweet pumpkin, using as little water as possible, and preserving all of tho juice, Rub through a colander or sieve, and mix with it a little flour, about one gil to a quart of the stewed pumpkin, If too still, add a Iittle water, Bako in one crust. A few chopped dates may be added for sweetening. Custard Pio. No. 1. A very good substitute for custard pie woiy by cande ee wont the cae of atiee milk oF il Teeland moss in water until Eevwill make a nice jelly. Flavor it with any kind of berry juice, lemon, or grated cocoanut Do not use the flavoring extracts to be obtained at the stores, however, as most of them aro spurious articles, and aro’ sometimes absolutely pot sonow ‘No. 3, Propato crust as usual for custard pie ™ Prepare filling as elsowhere directed for green corn custard. Apple Dumplings. No. 1. Make a crust of graham flour and corm meal, two parts of the former to one of the latter, Roll one-fourth of an inch thick. Select, and pare and core without dividing, a number of

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nice, ripe, sub-acid apples, Fill the center with chopped ‘dates or raisins, and envelop in the crust. Bake until both frit and crust are well cooked. They require a quick oven at first, but the heat should be moderated after the erust is browned, No. 2. Make a batter as for gems, and with it cover the bottom of a patty pan toa depth of a quarter of an inch or a little more. Lay in half of a ripe, sub-acid apple which has been previously pared and cored, Cover with batter, and bake as directed in the preceding recipe, Cranberry Dumpling.

mix-two parts of eranbervies and foneThoroughly of chopped dates. Spread in an even layer Upon a enist_previo nsly prepared. Commence tone side ant carefully fin avo the whole into a Toll” Cat the roll into piteos typo inches ling: eover the extents of each piveo with ater wetting it to make it stick and bak, erasTt the pings peu any ftir ewetoning they may be eaten with sweet applesauce, Ma be either baked or steamed, me ¥

Cherry Dumpling. Cover the bottom and sides of a basin or deep baking dish with batter mado as for gems, Cover

15 the bottom with a layer of cherries and chop;

Ghles or rasan fn Sbustaocs,” Spine ee little flour, and form another layer in the same

way. Two or three layers should be thus made, with no batter between them. Cover the whole with a crust and bake in a moderate oven, first ‘on the top until brown, and then on the bottom. May be eaten either warm or cold. In orderto save the juice, do not fill the dish quite full, Raspberries, blackberries, grapes, and ly al Kinds of ries, may be served Bs in « similar manner, Snitz and Dumplings, Boil a quantity of dried sweet apples four or five times as much water, until tender, in_ ‘Then make a stall quantity of batter as for gems, and op Into the boiling fruit with a small spoon, Boil a few minutes longer to cook the batter. warts. No. 1. Cov gem er pans with cocoanut pie erust. Place in a quick oven, When nearly done, add a few ripe sweet berries of any kind. Let them remain in the ovena few minutes langto er soften the berries, No.2 Make si dough of equal quantities of graham flour and grated cocoanut, with water. "Roll very thin and cut into cakes cold and one-half inches in diameter. Mako rings twoof most of the cakes by removing the centers. ‘Then place three or four of theso rings upon one of the remaining piecos, wetting them each to cause

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themto stick together, Prick the center piece with fork, and bake ina hot oven. Be careful to brown them, Add any kind of sauco when 16 not they are desired for use. Grapo Tarts. Strain canned grapes to remove seeds and skins, Add bread crumbs and thoroughly mix, Make a dough of oatmeal as directedpans.for erackAfter nels; roll thin, and bake in gemeach a spoonful to add oven, the removing frdm of the prepared grape sauce, No sugar has been employed i pes ; but if it is considered indispensable, or if sweet fruits canriot be readily obtained, it may ‘be used when considered desirable, always in moderation, however, None but the best coffee The for rnaple sugar should ever be employed. hyless as injurious so fullowing reeipes are not prethe to gienic ones, but they are far inferior ceding, and cannot be employed withouta certain amount of detriment to thesystem. ‘Their principal tse should be to assist in making the change from bad habits to better ones. Custard Pie, One pint and a half of milk, three eggs well beaten, and a large tablespoonful of sugar.” Bake only slightly, as hard baked oggs are hard of die gestion, Rico Pie.

‘To one pint, boiled Carolina rive, add one pint and a half of milk, and half a cup of sugar Flavor with extract of lemon, and bake im an, under ettst. Raisins may be added if preferred co An ogg adda to its attractiveness with some, but detracts from its healthfulness. Pumpkin Pio without Eggs ‘Those who have never tried it will be astonished to see how palatable a pumpkin pie may Select for tho bbe made without eggs or apices, deep color, texture, purpow a pumpkin of firm and perfeetly ripe. Stew and sift in tho ordinary manner, and add boiling milk to make it somewhat thicker than when eggs are used. Swoeten to suit, with equal parts of sugar and molasses. Some add pounded cracker or & apoonful of flour. Bake in a hot oven, on a single crust.

Fruits. ‘To an unperverted taste, nothing is more palatable and delicious than’ the natural flavors of the various domestic and foreign fruits which constitute so important portion of @ genuine hygienist’ bill of fare. They are certainly tooth-

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some enough, and much more wholesome, without the irritating condiments too often mingled sugar, with them by fashionable cooks, Even barinwhich in moderate quantities is the most disless of all tho condiments, may be wholly ingenuity. little a of jpensed with by the exorcise Of mingling sweet with sour and sub-scid fruita, By this mothod the many ovis which ar fom the une of large quantities of sugar, to whic s0 d, willnts boofwholly incline realy poole many taste and yet all the requireme avoided, met, fully be nutrition ‘and Unripe fruit, should never be eaten when ripe 18 ‘ean be obtained, and then only when well cooked. Most ripe fruits require no cooking. In cooking fruits, none but stone or porcelain-lined vessels should ever be used, Brass and copper are dan gerous. "The same is often true of tin on account of its adulteration with lead. Baked Applos. apModerately tart apples, or very juiey sweet apripe good ples, are best for bsking. Select ples, free from imperfections, and of nearly equal size, Wipe carefully to remove all dirt, and bake fan hour in a dish containing a little water. Sweet apples require a lit le longer baking Baked Apples and Dates. apples. Paro and sour e, No, 1, Select fine, lang core them without dividing. Fill the center with dates, Place them in tho baking dish, adding a Tittle water, and bake until well done. No 2. Bare, core, and cut, into small pieces a sufficient number of sour apples. Chop fine oneor raisins, third the quantity of stoned dates baking dish deep a in apples the of layer a Place until thus ‘Adda layer of the dates. Alternate the dish is full, Add a little water if much juice is desired. Bake slowly. steamed Apples. Apples may he steamed cither whole or when pared and divided, More time is required than. Tor baking, and the latter method is usually pref erable, Greon Apple Sauce. By green apples is not meant unripe ones, but 9 undried ones, Select ripe, juicy, well-flavored or both. Pare, quar ‘apples, either sweetor sour, tgs, and eore quickly, nt allowing thom to stand thei, to prevent their becomin ‘her preparing Genk Boil with «litte, water until tender, ‘They may be flavored, if desired, with lemon or with other fruit or juices. Sour apple sauce is very well sweetened with dates and raisins, ‘The sauce is rier if the apples are cooked with the Dried Apple Sauce.

‘Wash good dried apples and boil slowly in sufficient water to cover them. If preferred, the

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sauco may be flavored with lemon, dried quince, peach, date, or any other fruit. Baked Pears. Pears should be baked as directed for baked apples. They are very excellent, Posr Sauce. Pears may be pared and cored as apples, or they may bo boiled whole, They are delicious cither way. Being quite swoot, pear sauce is an ‘oxcellent article to serve with dishes which would soem to require sugar. Figs may be added if dePoach Sauce. Peaches hardly ripo enough to eat uncooked, make very good ssuco when pared and boiled. ‘The stones should not bo removed. When ripe, or nearly 20, the skins can be conveniently ro= moved by immersing the peaches in boiling water for about two minuies, and then rubbing them with a coarse towel. Moderate hoat only should be employed in cooking peaches as they do not stand Int very little heat. Figsmake the best seasoning. Dried Poach Sauco, Dried peaches should be stewed in the same ‘manner as dried apples.

Apricots, This is not avery abundant frit. It should be cooked according to tho directions given for cooking, peaches. Pineapple ‘This is a tropical fruit, and is seldom seen here in ita perfection, Its chief value is as a flavor for otlier fruit, It may bo preserved for use in this way by canning. Quinves, ‘These aro of little value of themselves, but give an excellent flavor to many other kinds of fruit, They may bo preserved for thi purpose by canning.

Grapo Sauce. Stew ripe grapes in as little water as possible Some sweet fruit will bo required with them by most people, Cranberry Sauce. Cranberries make very excellent sauce when mixed with a considerable quantity of sweet ap piles or dates. Stowed Rospborrica, Nico, ripe raspberries are quite as good fresh as ‘when stewed; but if they are cooked, care must aL be usedto avoid cooking too long, as they are ‘very delicate, and loso some of their best qualiSeg when tubjectod to long cooking, Simply scalding is all that is required. A few dates may

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be added if sweetening is desired. Strawborrios, ‘These berries are so delicate that, for tho tasto of many people, they are greatly injured by cook ing. When ripe, they need no addition to their own natural, delicious flavors. Currants, ‘blackberries, gooseberries, whortleberries, and cherries make excellent sauce, and may be prepared much the sameas other small fruits, English Currants, This is a very useful fruit as an addition to other fruits and to puddings of various kinds, It also. makes an excellent dish when stowed alone like other dried fruit. Plums. OF the many varieties of plums, some are edible raw, being sweet and wholesome, while others require cooking and tho addition of sweet fruit of some kind to render them palatable, Dato. Dates are mostly employed to sweeten sour fruits. ‘They may bo eaten alone, however, either raw or cooked; but only small quantities should bbe eaten, as they are to0 sweetto be very wholeBananas. This is a very nourishing tropical fruit. It is best eaten raw. It should ‘be peeled and sliced, ‘and may be esten with bread or puddings. Some prefer 1 add orange or lemon juice. It may be baked with the skin on, or may be made into ppies or puddings. It may be canned like other fruit, and makes an excellent addition to puddings. Rhubarb. Peel the stalks and cut them into thin slices Stew in a small quantity of water with a sufli cient quantity of dates to sweeten to the taste. ‘Oranges and Lemons. ‘These are mostly used to flavor other food. Oranges may be eaten alone, They are seldom obtained here in perfection. Stoamed Figs.

‘These make a very‘dolicate and showy dish for dessert, They should be placed in a steamer and steamed until tender Resins and prunes may be cooked in the same y Stowed Prunos. Prunes make excellent sauee. They should bo ft hastily waned and then cooked gent ati tender. Sugar has purposely hen wholly vmitted from the above recipes for the benelt of thove who ray wish to exclude that article from their bill ot fare, which is really’ a very desirable ‘when it ean be done without any disadvantage.

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‘Those who find the use of a certain amount of sugar desirable, have only to omit the sweet fmits and substitute sugar in moderate quantities. Excess is very injurious, A little cannot be considered harmful Stoamed Squash, 83 ‘Steamed squash is much nicer and sweeter than boiléd. The squash should be cut into several ieee, freed from seeds, and placed in a steamer. e heat should be moderate, Mash if desired, If boiling is more convenient, uso only sufficient water to prevent burning, and reduce the juice to a sirup by the time the squash is sufficiently aooked Baked Squash, Baking is a stil better method of cooking squash, Tt retains all the original sweetness of the vegetable, Select a good, ripe equash, wipe thoroughly, and free from seeds. Cut into ‘pieces of convenient size, and bake without removing the shell. Pumpkin, Pumpkin may be cooked in the same way as squash, but requires a little longer time. Long cooking improves it. ‘Stowod Tomatoes. Scald until the skins wrinkle, and then peel Slico thin, and stew with moderato heat for half an hour. Thicken with rusk, graham bread erumbs, pounded crackers, or oatmeal. Grated ‘green corn is another excellent material for thickning. Cook a few minutes longer after adding thickening. Tomatoes are richer if cooked two hours Apple and Tomato Sauce. Cook tomatoes as directed above, and add sliced apples when half done, Cook until the apples are tender. ‘Stewed tomatoes may be mixed with various 8 other fruits and vegetables, forming a great variety of palatable dishes. Nute. Many kinds of nuts are both wholesome and palatable. When eaten in moderation, they aro Objectionable for very fow. Among the better Varicties aro almonds, chestnuts, filberts, hickory nuts, walnuts, Brazil nuts, pecans, peanuts, ani covoanuts, Chestnuts and peanuts are improved by roasting, Chestnuts are excellent when boiled orsteamed. Nuts are often a very pleasant addition to cake and some puddings. They should always be eat~ on at the regular meal, constituting a part of it. ‘Molons. ‘These are wholesome when ripe. ‘They should matured ; never be gathered until they are fully fare best when fresh, Cooking cannot them,

THE HYGIENIC COOKBOOK Sauces Dato Sauce. Chop nive, clean dates and boil with a small quantity of water until yery soft. Rub through a sieve to removethe stones. Thin slightly with hot water, add a little lemon juice, and boil a anoment longer, This is an eXecllent dressing for dishes which require sweetening.

Grapo and Appte Sauce. Stow together equal parts of grapes and sweot apples, Strain through a thin clotb, and thicken a little flour, Use for puddings. Sour 85 with apples and dates may be used, if preferred, intend of sweet apples. Pear Sauce. Flavor the juice of stewed ‘or limo juieo, or place in it, while hot,a few slices of lemon. ‘Orango Sauce. ‘Add grated orange pool and orange juice to dato sauice prepared without the addition of lem‘on, unless the orange is very sweet.

Sweet Applo Sirup. ‘A. very nico dressing for puddings mayto thebe made by boiling new sweet-apple cider concenConsistency of thin sirup. Ifwuiciently trated, it will keep without canning. It may be simply éealded and then canned for use in pies and sauces, The cider should be made of selected apples, and should be boiled the same day that is made, so that formentation may not begin. Other sauces can. be prepared from the juices of almost any Kind of fruit, Some will Be improved by thickening alittle with flour or com starch, Yecerantes,

‘The usual methods of cooking vegetables render some of the most nutritious of them almost whol ‘Worthless as food, and, in fact, next to impossible Of digestion, But if the following directionsare ‘carefully observed, many excellent and whele86 some dishes may he prepared from the Ta Class of roots ecb, ob, Enown an vegetables” General Direction 1. Tho remark with referenceto the cooking of grains by gentle heat is equally true with veg” tables, as a general rule. ‘The cook should bear in mind that when water is boiling, it cannot be rondered any hotter, no matter how much the fire may be increased, without closely confining the steam, 2. With only one or two exceptions, all vegtables are much richer and more nutritious when

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served in their own juices A great amount of nutriment is wasted’ by cooks who throw away the water in which vegetables have been boiled ‘To avoid such waste, and render the food as nn~ tritious as possible, always cook vegetables with just sufficient water to Keep the from burning ‘until done, so that there will be little left uneportal by the tine tho food is sufiienty cooked '3, Do not add any condiment of any kind. Grease of all Kinds is especially objectionable, as the process of cooking produces certain changes which render tenfold worse an article whieh is, vory objectionable at tho best, ‘The reason why many dyspoptios cannot eat vegetables without intense suffering, is that these otherwise harmless articles of food have been poisoned by the admixture of such imitating and indigestible things as butter, pepper, salt, mustard, ete, 4. Vegetables should be well cooked, but overcooking is very damaging 5, Al vessels used in cooking vegetables should ‘be Kept serupulously clean, When brightly polaT ished, they will not only corrode less rapidly, but ‘will impart less of their substance to the articles cooked in them, Brass and eopper vessels should receive especial attention, as they become sources of poisoning, when mingled with the food. Boiled Potatoes Select potatoes of nearly equal siz oughly, cutting them as little as possible. them into boiling water nearly sufficient in quan tity to cover them. Boil with a gentle heat until soft, being careful to keop then boiling; then tum off the water and let them stand partially covered for five minutes in a moderate heat. ‘They should not be covered close after being cooked either by boiling or in any other wa If it is desirable to retain the heat, they may covered by a napkin folded once or twice, or the dish containing them maybe set, uncovered, in the oven, If tho potatoes are old and withered, they may be soaked in cold water for a few hours before cooking Some excellent. cooks place the potatoes upon the stove to cook in cold water instead of placing them immediately in boiling water. Potatoes may also be steamed, or cut in slices and cooked in just sufficient water to keep them from burning.” The latter method is a very expeditious one. Stoamod Potatoes. as for boiling. Place them potatoes the Prepare in the steamer after tho water is boiling well ‘When dono, allow them to stand in the steamér uncovered for a few minutes, or remove them to the oven, to render them dry and mealy. ‘Mashod Potatoes. 88

Potatoes may be cooked as directed in either of

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the preceding recipes and then quickly peeled and mashed. By this method very little of the most valuable portion of the potato, which lies close to the skin, is removed. If more conv ent, the potatoes may be pared before cooking, care being taken to paro as thinlyas possible. The same precautions to prevent their becomin, watery should be observed as already direct Season with green com creat Baked Potatocs. Baking or roasting potatoes are by far the best methods of cooking them. They should be carefully washed) and. buried in hot ashes or placed in a hot oven. Remove as soon as done, and break open the skin to allow the steam to escape, so that they may not bo watery. Potatoes of nearly equal size should alvways be selected. Browned Potatoos. Slice cold potatoes. Place the slices upon a soapstone griddle, or upon a baking tin in a hot oven, Remove when nicely browned. Eat while warm,” Mashed potatoes may be browned by 1g into small cakes and placing in the oven ‘Swoot Potatoos.

‘Theso may be cooked in the same manner as the common potato. Baking after partial boiling is an excellent method of preparing them, ‘They are excellent sliced and browned. Baked Boots. 89 Like potatoes, and,in fact, almost all roots and ‘tubers, beets are much sweeter baked than when prepared in any othr way, as by this methed of cooking all of the rich juices are retained. ‘The baking should be performed slowly and carefully. Several hours aro usually required. Boiled Boots. not puncture fewe skin tnimutescan beaftereasilyremoval from the Kelle, and rubbed off with the hand. any stsoning is required lemon juice may bo Boots and Tomatoes.

Mix equal quantities of cooked tomatoes and well boiled beets chopped fine. Boil a few minutes, and serve warm, Boiled Parentps. Parsnips should be boiled as directed for beets, except that there is no objection to puncturing ‘them with a fork to ascertain when they are done. Small ones may bo cooked whole, but lange ones should usually be divided. ‘They may be eut in

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slices and stowed when haste is The ‘water should all bo evaporated when they are done, and they aro much improved by being allowed to brown slightly in tho kettle. Parnips may be steamed as well as potatoes. ‘Mashed Parsnips. 90 Wash and scrape, carefully removing the skin. Boil until tender and mash as directed for potatoes, ‘Browned Parenips, Slice cold parsnips into rather thick pieces and brown as directed for browned potatoes. Carrots. ‘Cook as directed for parsnips and beets. Stewed Turnips. After washing and paring the requisite num ber of turnips, slice them thin, and place them in sufficient, water to cook them. Cover clase and boil until the water is all evaporated Boiled Turnips, Wash clean, wipe, and peel. Considerable of their sweetness is lost if they are allowed to remain in water after peeling, Boil wholo in a closely covered Kettle and serve in the water which remains when they are done, Only suficient water should be used to keep them from burning, and this should be reduced to the consisteney of sirup by the time the turnips are done, “Be eareful to remove as soon as done, Mashed Turnips. Cook turnips as directed in the last recipe ‘Mash until entirely free from Iumps, and stir a few minutes before remoying from the fire Boiled Cabbage. Select a well-developed head of eabbage, re‘move the coarser outside leaves, and if there are signs of insects, lay in water to which a litte salt a hhas been added for an hour or two to drive them out, Rinse away the salt water and place thé cabbage in just enough water so that when it done there vill be only sufficient to keep it from buming. Do not drain off tho water once or twico as many recommend, but. preservo the Juice. Cover close and boil vigorously until tender, and then let it simmer for awhile, If it is likely to burn before sufficiently cooked, add ‘water. If there is too much water, remove the cover s0 that evaporation may go on more rapjaly. The condensed juice will bo very awect, should be served with the cabbage. An ex cellent sauce to bo eaten with cabbage may be ‘made from stewed tomatoesby adding rusk, bread crumbs,or thickening with a little graham flour. Some consider it plan to inclose the cabin a napkin while boiling, ‘This prevents in pieces, Cabbage and Tomatoes.

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Boil in a very little water a finely chopped cabbage. When nearly done, add half the quantity of cooked tomatoes. Cook well, but be carefal to avoid burning. ‘Steamed Caulifower, Select a largo caulifiower and place it in salt water to drive away the bugs which may hidden in it, and which it is undesirable to cook.be Carefully wash to free from the salt, and carefullyin a nepkin. Placo in a steamer wrap and cook until the stalk is soft and yielding to gentle pressure, Twenty or thirty minutes are usually Tequired. Serve with green corn white sauce, 92 If steaming is not convenient, the caulifower may bo boiled the same as cabbage. An excellent dish may be prepared by removing the eauliflower from the steamer when it is ‘about half done, picking to pieces, and placing it in a sauce pan with the juico of cranberry ot lum sauce. Cover close and stew until tender. Serve cold, Boiled Greon Corn. No, 1, Remove the husks and silk from com, in its prime. Place in a kettle containing a small quantity of boiling water, taking care to lay the lange ears at the bottom 0 as to keep as much out of the water as possible. Cook from ten to twenty minutes according to the age of Be com, ‘Too much cooking hardens it Al it is thorough scalding. Cover with a nap{Gtinrequires upon removing from tho kettle Corn eoked this wey and eaten without butter and salt is ‘more palatable if eaten from the cob. Steaming requires a little more time than boiling. No, 2. Shave half of the com to be cooked, and grate and serape tho remainder. Boil the shaved com for five minutes in just enough water to cover it. Then add the grated com and cook ten minutes longer, Roasted Groen Corn. No.1. Remove the husk and silk and place efor’ an open grate until the kernels burst open, No, 2 Bury in hot ashes without removing the husks. Sweet com prepared in this way is ‘very palatable. Succotash. Cook green boans until nearly done; add an 93 equal quantity of shaved com and cook fifteen or twenty minutes longer. ‘The juice will be richer ifsome of the com is grated. Corn cooked in this way sours very readily. Grocn Corn Cream, Equal parts of grated corn and water, strained through « siovo green er sloth, make «Auld which very much resembles cream, and may be used for many of the purposes for which cream is usually employed. It makes averywhich excellent dressing for puddings, vegetables of va-

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rious sorts, and even for peaches, and similar fruits, ‘Two parts of water to one of corn make a thinner Bud which might be called green eom milk, Groon Com White Sauce. Placo the milk, prepared as directed in the preceding recipe, in e saueepan, and stir until it boils. ‘Add sufficient graham flour to make it of the desired thickness and boil five minutes longer. This is an excellent dressing for cabbage, eauliflower, potatoes, and other vegetables, Boiled Boans. Pick the beans over carefilly, wash then por fectly clean, cover them about three inches deep with cold “water, and lt them goal all night Early in the morning place them over the fire, leaving upon them all the water that may remain unabsorbed, and adding enough more to cook them in. Let them simmer slowly all the foreoon, but donot allow themto bot. Some cooks consider the addition of raisins to boiled beans fan excellent plan. ‘Try it. Sliced cabbage may be added when the beans are half done, ‘Baked Boans. 4 No. 1. Prepare and cook as directed in the preceding recipe; but remove them from the fire 48 soon as they are soft, and bake for an. hour in avery hot oven. ‘They may be mashed fine before baking No, 2, After carefully preparing the proper quantity of beans, soak them over night and in the morning parboil until they erack, and then place in the oven and bake in the same water. The addition of a little water inay be necessary. Bake all day, adding water when required, but allowing it to become nearly evaporated just beforo removing the beans from the oved. unless much juice is desired. String Bea Select tender bean pods and string, wash, and cut or break them into short pieces.” Boil with gentle heat. in @ small quantity of water until tender. Add a sufficient quantity of green com cream to make # good soup, and immediately re~ move from the fire, Cooked tomatoes are considered an addition by some. Dry Poas. k according to the seribed for dry beans 5 less tin Peas Cake.

ofpastwae in four parts dry peascondition part of tothe tailuntone relaced ter‘Tin tub through asieve and mold, fn When cold, of sour some Kind.if preferred atl eatmay withhe browned rut in slices dices Sates, ‘The Green Peas Pick and shell green peas, being careful to

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avoid dirt as the peas are injured by washing. Put into water enough to cover them, Cover ‘lose and cook gently fifteen to twenty minutes, Some boil the pods about twenty minutes and then skim them out and boil the peas in the same water, A few young potatoes or beets may be cooked with the peas if desired. Groen Boans. ‘These may be cooked as directed for gree ‘A good seasoning is found in green corn mi or ‘ream if it has been prepared, Asparagus. No, 1. Place the young and tender shoots in a napkin, or tie them in bundles, and cook as directed for cauliflower, and serve as greens, ‘No. 2. Cut the tender portion of the stems into small pieces and cook as peas. Season with ‘green corn milk or cream. Groons. This kind of food contains little nourishment, but is well roished bysome people. Spinich, cabbage sprouts, and be t tops, make very good at They ‘should be thoroughly ‘washed. ‘owslips, dandelions, mustard leaves, turnip leaves, and radish leaves, aro also used; but they should be first scalded, Boilin just enough waier to cover. Tho addition of young beets or ppotatoos improves the flavor. Boiled Onions. For healthy stomachs, boiled onions are not very objectionable unless tho odor is offensive, ‘To provent smarting of tho eyes in preparation, they may bo pected inder water, Bana ena quantity of water. They may also be roasted. ‘Cucumbers, Cucumbers, if eaten when fresh, and without any condiments, are not particularly objectionable as food, although they contain little nutriment, Soalcing in water hardens them, and renders them less easily digestible, ‘Those who are making the change of diet, and have not yet become acctistomed to food seasoned with nothing but its own natural flavors, at in the above recipes, may add moderate quantities of salt, milk, oF sugar, but never more than just sufficient to'make the food palatable, 96

Sours, Stews, ano PRvELs. These articles of food, although much used, and usually considered the most easily digested of all kinds of food, are really quite objectionablo when viowed from a physiological standpoint. As a gneral thing, thoy aro not very nourishing (on account of the lange proportion of water whiel

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they contain. ‘The large amount of water also makes them more dificil of digestion than more solid kinds of food, since it must bo absorbed before the process of digestion can be carried on, as previously explained, Crackers should always be eaten with soups and gruels so as to insure thorough insalivation. Grucls aro often proper 7 food for siek people, because they have considerable bulk, with little aliment, it being usually the case that very little nutriment can be approprinted by the system when a person is suffering from acute disease, No butter, milk, cream, salt, or other condiments, havo been recommended in. the following recipes, ‘Those who do not find them palatable can add alittle mill and salt at first, gradually earning to do without them entirely. Potato Soup. Paro and slice potatoes, put them in cold ‘and boil until sof. Add a small quantity ofwater, boiled rice, barley, or millet. ‘Thicken withsoft-a little graham flour first mixed with water and beaten smooth, Crackers or soft biscuit may be added to the soup if desired. ‘Vegetable Soup. Five quarts of water; one teacup of rice or pearl barley (soaked over night); one teacupof ried beans or two of fresh ; six potatoes sliced ; ‘one teacup each of tumip, parmip, and onions, chopped fine. ‘The barley and dried beans re~ quire two hours for cooking; the other vegeta bles, half an hour. Bean Soup. ‘Take halfa pintof cooked beans for a quart of soup. Mash them, and ‘boil until they are very. soft and well mixed with the water, atd then, if preferred, strain to remove tho skins, Thicken ‘with a little graham flour, and boil a fow minutes longer. Green Boan Soup. os ‘Take one quart of garden cr kidney beans, cone ounce of spinach, and one ounce of parsley. Boil the beans; skin, and bruise them in a bowl 4ill quite smooth; put them in a pan with two quarts of vegetable broth; dredge in a little flour; stir it on the fire till it boils, and put in the spinach and parsley (previously boiled and rubbed through a sieve). Split-Pea Soup. ‘Take ono-cighth as many peas as the quantity of soup required. Boil gently in a small quantity of water until soft enough to be rubbed through coarse sieve or colander, or until they fall to pieces. Strain, add sufficient, water to make the Tequisite amount of soup, and boil again, ‘Thicken with graham flour and boil again a fow minutes Either split or whole pens may be used if they fare strained, ‘The white marrowfat is the best,

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but the blue penis also excallent, Some seald tho lntter and turn off the water bofore cooking. Dry beans maybe made into a soup in the same manner, but double the quantity is required for the same amount of soup. ‘Tomato Soup. Scald and peel good, ripe tomatoes, add a little water, stew them one’ hour, and strain through a coarse siove; stirin a little flour, or erumb in toasted biseuit, and then boil five minutes. ‘Vegetable Oyster Soup. Slice and boil until tender; thicken with gra‘ham flour and pour over toasted bread or erackers, Parsnip Stow. Wash, pare, and slico parsnips and an equal quantity of pared potatoes, and cook gently with small quantity of water, and closely covered. Add a fow bita of dough made from flour and boiling water. hicken with boiled pearl barley. ‘Vegetablo Stow. In a large saucepan with a tightly fitting cover, place's pint of water. "Add a half pint of sliced onions, one pint, of shred cabbage, and a pint of sliced turnip. Cover closely and stow with moderate heat for forty-five minutes, Then add s quart of potatoes of medium size, and cook unt the potatoes aro done, Mash ‘and thoroughly ix. If there is too much juice when done, drain it off and boil down to a sufficient quantity to take the whole of proper consistency. This dish with the addition of pork, is a very favorite one with the Irish, but needs no such addition for hygienists, ‘Onion Stow. Cook one pint of onions three-fourths of an hour (or more, if large), then put in one quart of potatoes, and, when boiling, cover tho surface ‘with scalded wheat-meal dough. Lift when the potatoes are done, and add to the liquid one-half pint of cooked rice, and cook ten minutes. Then pour it over tho other ingredients, mix slightly together, and serve hot. Vogotablo Broth. To equal quantities of turnips and carrots, add ‘an onion. Chop fino, and add a little lentil flour, 100 Boil until well cooked in water suifciont to make fa thin soup, Graham Grucl, Mix two tablespoonfiuls of wheat meal smoothly with a gill of cold water; stir the mixture into & quart of boiling water ; boil about fifteen minutes, taking off whatever scum forms on the top. Oatmeal Gruct, Mix a tablespoonful of oatmeal with a little cold water; pour on the mixture a quart of b ing water, stirring it well; let it settle two or

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toe minutes; then pour it into the pan earefully, leaving tho coarser part of the meal at the bottom of te vessel; sot ton the fire and stir it Aill it Loils; then let it boil about five minutes, ‘and skim. Corn-Moal Gruol. ly stir into m quart of boiling water two tablespoonfals of eorn meal, Boil gently twenty minutes or half an hour. Farina Grucl. Mix two tablespoonfuls of farina ina cup of water, and pour slowly upon the mixture about & quart of boiling water, stirring briskly. Boil ten minutes

Milk Porsidge, Place over’ the fire equal parts of mille and water, Just bofore it boils, add a small quantity of gralam flour, oatmeal, or corn meal, previously rubbed with water, and boil a minuto longer This recipe is not recommended as hygienic, Bill of Faro for Each Month. 101 Tho appetite craves variety of food. Fapedially is this the ease with those whose tastes have ‘once been perverted and depraved ; and frequent change in the kind of food, or in the manner of its preparation, is @ very important auxiliary in effecting a reform in diet, Long-continued sémeness begets disgust for articles of food which may have been well relished at first. Perfectly healthy tastes do not manifest this desire for changein nearly 80 marked a degree, and yet there can be no doubt that there is in nature a demand for variety of food which should be gratified. We desire, however, to impress with distinctness the fact that, contrary to the supposition of many, it is not at all. ne to depart in any dogreo from the strictest rules of dietetics in order to obtain all the needful variety in articles of diet, By variety is not meant @ great number of dishes at one meal, but s change in the dishes prepared from day to day. Three or four kinds ae usually enough fora single meal, Dyspeptic stomachs tolerate better but one or two kind: Persons whose digestive organs are impaired ‘should avoid the uso of fruits and vegetables at the eamo meal. Fruit should be eaten very freely with mbals, but not between meals. ‘The following bill of fare may be found useful to those housekeepers who are anxious to provide their families with variety of healthful food, ‘but are often sorely troubled to know “ whatto

Suxpay,—Breakfadt: Baked potatoe,opbebrowned permnip, Tmo brads octal gro Arab nace, PN TS ‘pple 102 Dinyor: Rico andrahi ap lo oll, pud ing, walcanned tomatoes, smashed ptatoos entmeal coop Tresh grapes, steno ig, apples Moxpay.—Drealfuts Browned. potato cakes, tomato

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243

ding with don, graham Indian wr apple. Toile bielpoatoen, parchedBaked sor, beans, ape cranberry ‘tuesmaes—Braifats Baked. potatoe,cation take breskant satan, ‘ean soup (amd with cold Goa, Cho,Thoers cannedVegetable fru atom, baked apples and dats, rico cao, grt erakem bry ass Wannssoutee-Breafat: Baked wheat awest of lattan potatos, vowed dred weal ors (towed), craked rune, onyBolledaks,ary spn Diner! Pay, led stemed sn,potato, amostpotatotread, canned Pence, canard Te. arlusspay=-Breajet!" Ban novp, browned potatoey pan ni oat cack corte! gm canted P*Dinner: Boiled rice, apple dumpling, hard biscuit, soporte al whoa, ele p a k i , dle odin, pratooy, Baked D r e l j a t Pathan. "ioDinnet ake corrmeletackar, dio afpa sco, "Boild. treet potatos, sawed tamipe ‘baked eruashy tual! hontoy, H o p l a h eens appletand Sarimoatie eaifut? Breed aves potatoer oni, fet te, graham oe comma gras, ont snsal‘Dimers racer, brow read nim app Riceand wadbrown apple gratam' pudding, llwall falhoming — cold oryicedsac gem oF coed Fy dat, sas, Fie

orthe thin compete and theallsacoeding montha we a4 havofor notSemony, mado coutSmkeave of fae fora week, tho senderhe mayto wnchowhin Sacto i acting uch day suchas of tho articles suggested.ft ‘Buzacrasr—Bated Ira potatoe, baked torn set potatoes, Toned ota peas fake, owned graben fit, whet cane Foding tel ng, Fin, corn-meal, or oatmeal grucl Vomato toast, {aay om bein cake, wll gm, aces crip; cao or frit, cranberry, dried tienen spple, peach, 103 Sheng hay scan daa, a

[Prmaan.—Boiled stoamodtaraips, Trish baked and sweat potatoes, ‘athed potatoes,of boiled squash, Dotted ‘a bakod beans oF peas, homioy and beans, Homing, fmnd apple pudding, ‘rosa’ ad fruit pula amest. potato padding,ei steamod ‘oan actpadriod tot co mow bron, popped fruit eakey rackars,cals, rooterackor, potato apple fruit cake, corn frat fruit ‘ake; dred fruit anc, canned. frig baked apples, Alten, Sig, runing, apple, grape, Nts, Buxaxrast.—Bake or browned potatoas, browned partnips oF turnip, baked squath, Uaked. beets, cold boiled oute—aliond, and tomatoes, boots and tone: toon; gral abbage puddings; riddle’ ces, rola, gens, craskor, toast { canned and dried fruit, apples, dnter, Dinan. —Boiled turnips, ‘paranipe; booty parmips, shod potatoes, potatoes, turaips, boiled cab and ess 1p stow, vogolable stow, snl homloy, farina, He i! pudding, tapios apie

Bugaxrisr—Poach tout, canned cherie rhubarb and lame, Dinwat, Vegetable oyster stow, groons, pearl barley,

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riled, wheat,pudding, tapioon America pudding, lumbakedpudding’ rise pudding, comatarch Tome fut sove other and lo,“hddshubact to tho shore th bill offs for March, Brnaxrise.—Samo as for April; in some sections, hue ‘arb andAbout green thocurranta add Donexn same maya forbo March and April 106 New Disnes.—Rhubarb, green currants, young beets, fyaragus.” Beane and tho vasioun proparations from indian cor should bo exshangod for such grata as ico and ostwoal during tho watt months, Naw‘ Distzs.—Summer squashes, bests, onions, green Bea soup, string boan early potatoes, euetnber, Htrawborvies, strawborrysoup,shortcake, cherries, cherry ‘umpling, currants, raspberries, beoanasy whortleberries, whortloborey Johnny eake,pineapples, oranges Tomons, Tomon. pic, orango ance. Uae chiefly {ruts ‘and grains during the svaumer months, Naw Disuss—Now potatoes, groom corn, green com ‘ream, grooa cora cstard, given ‘beans, ruceotathy to: Imatoes, tomato soup, apples,musk appletmeloas, and tomatoce, tomato pudding, walerearlymalony, Diackber

[NewbakedDisie s.—Po greenswoon aches corapplocustard, ,aaice pears, plums, appios and peasy and stowed ‘ears, com wd” peaches, green grovn sppio Sam oma,mowodroastedpeaches, Newabbago,vo Diswrs—Bo iledaw,boots,geapen,beets and tomatoes, onely geable Grape sauce, ges ar pple taucasta mel exliower, pine tars poser i, goonebery pling. punpinaynaahyand chest, chek, teamed baked bread, pumpin ‘He, In pug, carot, boa ten swect puttoes.

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of the other sirups employed, and the more thoroughly they are let alone, the less damage will ‘be done the health. ‘Excellent and wholesome drinks may be prepared from lemons, oranges, currants, and almost all the different kinds of berries, ‘by dilating thelr juices with water and adding a very little sugar when required. ‘A very pleasant drink can be made from rhubarb, Prepare the stems as for stewing As soon’ as the water boils, drain off the juice and diluta it with en equal quantity of cold water, ‘Add a little sugar, and pineapple if desired, 106 A beverage can be made from apples ina manner similar to the above. ‘The juices of fruits are harmless and wholesome if used in moderation. They are by some considered superior to water only, it being thought that they quench thirst more readily. At all events, they are infinitely superior to tea, eoffeo, ‘wine, beer, and the various other mixtures which are generally so largely employed during the hot months. ‘Vo Keep Water Cool.

Teo is almost universally depended upon as a means of cooling drinking water ip sotmner..‘The free use of iced water is harmful for several reatons, 1. Tt ie po intensely cold that it often ‘works serious mischief by too suddenly reducing the temperature of the internal organs; 2. The ico offen contains organie impuriti—the acum and slime from staguant water, which Fender the water to which it is added very unwholesome Tf taken at all, it should only bo in very small

New Dizwes—Hulled cora, boiled samp, popped corn, eustard pie, bole a and browned 105

BEVERAGES.

Summer Drink. Many people indulgo in the very pernicious habit of dinking eed rater during the hot sume mer months, no matter what may bo the condition of the system. This practice often leads to ious results, and should bo regarded as decidedly unhealthful. Soda water is another summer beverage of very suspicious character, It is not injurious on sceount of containing soda, for there is no soda in it, notwithstanding its name, Its effervescence is caused by the escape of carbonic acid which has boon mechanically pressed into it, Its injurious properties axe duo to the sirup employed, which is very rarely pure. Pineapple sirup seldom contains the slightest trace of pineapple juice. Tt is made from coal tar and vari

107

Wetter way is to drink nono ab all; and ty(GrThemaking usokeptof suclently the followingool tweens, the warall nny te to avswer thoKept realnearlydemande of natures in fect, ingy bo at feering tenperature Placelayerbetweon two half sheetsan ofinchthickthick.brownFastenpapera of cotton The endSewof inthoa bottom oats together co as to form a roll, made of similar material, making it neatly birtight, icaver pose,ie ithill ho& Titchor with cool talon and Splindrical box by inverting it over the pitcher IF the box is Kept constanily wel. with’ water, evaporation wil gy on no rapidly that the water inthe ptcher willbe opt very coal for along Water may also be kept coo! by placing it in

juga and wrapping them with wet otha, ©

Filtered Wator.

The best of all drinks is pure soft water. But absolutely pure water is very difficultto obtain Jn fact, it never occurs in nature, Filtered rain ‘water is the nearest approximation to it. which people generally can obtain, and a good filter is

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2 to procure this. Peoplo living in disfects where hard. water only can be sbiained from wells and springs cannot afford to live without afilter. In using hard water, they aro constantly imposing upon their systens.a task which ‘must sooner or later, result in serious damage to their health, Unfiltered rain water is not fit to drink, at least after it has been standing a day or two. How to Mako a Filtor, An excellent filter can be obtained at reasonable rates at this Office. Seo advertisement, on lastepage, ‘Those who think they cannot afford to purchaso this valuable article, can construct very good ono st a very small expense, in the following mannor:— ‘Take a largo flower pot or earthen vessel, make holo one-half inch in diameter in the bottom, ‘and insert in ita sponge. Placo in the bottom of the vessel a number of clean stones of sizos varying 10s

fate ant top teal ok te jer whit flannel clot, lloee top the ver fogi i which to fetethe allow middl oSec f de jar, watercaninthe be youre» the outside ‘around vexsel stout contn suitable eKooping tages byjoe.’ tying tlio BF under tho iterneeded, thus verymade, pureand watersupplying rainobtained water when can bs summer place ined tho.occasionally it 2 ooo! Tt ean Ttbe willkeptrequir time. to berenew fir charcoal and sand okt tho byfitsh,exchanging The. dannel and sponge must bo f= (quently cleanse. How to Make # Cistorn.

In many loalites, soft water can only bewhiehobtained hy preserving, in some way, ansthatbuiltin natore dis from tho elowds.Cis for this purthe ground are commonly employed and every finally should bo provided with poses This convenience when necessary. But it often happens ial, through some defect in construc~ ratherfor ofthe disease a source becomes tionaa ester than means of health; hence necessity proper cate in construction, The main thing is vions to th entrance to make it perfec kind. Tt should be any of vermin of worins oF covered above, as well as upon the sides, with ‘waterline coment, rain ‘But for drinking: and cooking purposes, as in kept is it when water is wholly untit, even the clouds. {good condition as when it falls fiom gathers dust, in its passage trough the air, it and tainted smoke with colored becomes fand with foul gases, Before it enters the cistern, it washes from the roof a great quantity flzo, 109 of iimpurity—decayed wood, accumulated dust,

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and the offal of birds. A cistern should be s0 constructed that,if possible, these impurities may bbe entirely excluded from it. ‘This may be readily accomplished by constructing a filter in such connection with the cistern that all the water from the roof must, pass through it before entering the cistern, A large, water-tight cask shouldbe selected for the pu pose. Sink this into the ground close to the ci ter, establishing connection between the Inter and ‘the bottom of the cask. Placein the bottom of the cask a few clean, smooth, hard stones of the size of a man's fist, to serve as a support. Placo upon these a perforated sheet of zine made 005 to nearly fit the cask. Upon this, place a layor of two or three inches of coarse gravel, thoroughly cleansed; then a thin layer of fino ace about a foot of fine, dopth of two or three inches,and the whole with another sheet of perforated zine, and the Biter is complete. There will be sullicient room loft in the upper part of the cask to allow the secumulation of water when it is ranning in repidly, as during a rain storm. The cask should be large enough to allow this. Another inethod of purifying the water of cistems, which is in some respects superior to the hove, is the following : Build the cistern as alroady directed, and thn divide it into two portions dy means of @ partition made of porous brick, laid in water-lime. Allow the water to no enter the cistern upon one side of this partition, ‘and withdraw it by means of a pump from the ‘opposite side. It will be found that very complete purification will be effected by its filtration through the brick. Of course, the partition should he so, tight that water ean pass through only by soaking through the porous. brick. Hand-bomed or glazed rick must not bo em ployed, P Sul another means is to incloe the end of the pipe through which the water is withdrawn the cistern in a tight chamber of porous bs ‘The water will become nearly pure in passing into this chamber through the br ‘Those who have tried the two latter methods described, pronounce them to be very efficient

means of purifying water,if properly employed The fst methert has ono advantage, howeved, in that the gravel and elircoa ean be removed a

renewed as frequentlyas desirable with but Titele trouble or expense, Lead Pipes, Waren intended for drinking purposes should never be allowed to pass Uirough lead pipes, as in so doing it becomes impregnated with tho ‘metal, and thus often becomes @ source of dan gerous, even fatal, poisoning. Paralysis and

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colie ate among the most prominent effects of poisoning by lead. Water pipes should be of galvanized iron, zine, or block tin, um Passprvino Fruits anv Yecerantes: ‘Canning and drying are the only ready methods of preserving fruits and vegetables which aro ‘tall hygienic. Pickling in salt, aleohol, or vinfair, and saturating with sogar, aro eminently ‘unbygienic methods, as they render the article preserved wholly unfit for food. Refrigeration fs an excellent method, but it cannot well be practiced on a small scale. Canning Fruit. Canning fruit is a very efficient. means of preserving it in a wholesoine condition, but itis process which demands careful m ent to make it a success, Tin cans are sometimes used, bat glass cans are now so cheap and are so much better that they should always be preferred. In the end they are cheaper, as they last much longer than tin cans. Tin cans are linble to injure the flavor also. Thero aro soveral excellent kinds of fruit cans in the market. In eanning fruit two things must be most carefully attended to or failuro is certain :— 1, Tho fruit must bo sufficiently cooked. 2. The air must be excluded and the can hermotically sealed. ‘The best fruit should be selected, and that ‘which is not overripe. It should be kept aa clean as possible a0 that little or no washing will be required,as this is injurious to many fruits. Pick over carefully, and wash quickly if washing ia necessary. Either steam or stew, adding as little ‘water as possible, and as little sugar as will suffice to make tho sauco palatable. Sweet fruits nono at all, and none is necoseary to the ne require preservation of the fruit, Steaming is rather proferalle to stewing or boiling as the fruit is less broken and its natural flavors are better pro-

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which itis to bo placed, ‘Thoroughly sald thea toIndueo tate there may‘Tobo prevent in then brnui which thewill decay, e a k i n g when hot frit placed inthe can, it may bo heated hyiBeopouring intopartsi botmay water and sueequally, y shaking that all be heated or the cain fa con war aa gall heated to the requisite d Dry heat, is equally efficent, and may be ap lied by keopiage tho eans in a moderately ie the fruit ig cooking. Some place the cold can upon a

folded tol wet in'cold water, which cols the

13 Bottom and so prevents cracking, This method

ie very convenient, ‘When the fruit is properly cooked and the cans aro in readiness, first place in the can a {quantity of juice, so that as the fruit is put in, no

places will be left for air, which is some{mor quite troublesome when this precaution i a not taken,of air‘Thenchancedd tothebe fruit uel.woreIf chem any Bubbles lft til, tut with fork spoon handle, or traw. ll the ‘can full, and immediately put on the cover and vacant

screw tightly on, If the ean ig unpleasantly hot, it may be securely held by passing a towel around itand twisting the ends together As the fruit cools, the cover can be tightened, and this should Be promplly done, so that no air may be allowed Sometimes the fruit will ee ‘so that alle space wil appear at the top. If you aro ture the oan ia Ught-do not open to refill ws you to enter,

will be unable to make the can quito as tight in unless you reheat the fruit, in which case

eu would beliablo to have tho anine thing oocur allow the thofruitcover. to coolabout beforSomeadjusting ‘This giventn minutes Hime for the fruit

served. A poreslain-lined kettle should be used, as all kinds of otal Kettles are likely to bo cor: roded by the acids of the fruit

he fruit need not be cooked so much that it will fall to pieces, but it should be so thoroughly scalded that every part of it will he subjected to a high degroo of heat, in order that all of the germs from which formentation originates may be destroyed, Simply heating is not sullicient, Somo Kinds of fruit require longer cooking than others. ‘The length of time varies about as follows: Boil whortloborries and cherries, five minutes; raspberries, blackberries, and ripe rants, six to cight’ minutes; halved peaches, gooseborries, and’ grapes, eight to ten minutos; sliced pineapple and quines, and halved pears, fifteon to twenty minutes,’ ‘Tomatocs, thirty ites to two hours, While the fruit is eooking, prepare the eans in

to cool and settle some.

The can is

then fled with bot srap and tho can Ughtly "After filling and tightly sealing, place the cana diva toll plats’ ane] Satoh tent clotely for bw or three weeks, when they may be set away if ‘there are no signa of fermentation. . Should any. such eigas appear, open the can immediately, feald the fruit thoroughly, and seal as before, bene

fog very careful to ecartioo tho cover sad soe if there ia notexelnion some imperfection which. preventa the‘Small perfos of ee may be preserved inoghiybattlesbesefruits or dhs’jogsandbotbytomatoes scaling withend’ wad.put inThor ‘ o r jug, . cans,tho frat, Brot putting in julco'as vhen being Shao dova of wellclothandoverretil,tho Thon plasneartwo& ‘closes mouth lightly lingfelted cork, waxand. medo thoroughly sovorto thethe hols with useording llowing. or two,somoouncasequillybeeatras, good anon reeipo: One pound rein, and Meerut ouneeg of tallow molt and mix, ‘Wen canning in glass vessels, are rust be used o protect tho vetsols rom draughts of ead

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air, or they will be liable to break. ‘Apples, pears, quinees, and peaches, should be pared and cut into pieces small enough to can ;. In canning, they may be arranged in the can with a fork, if desired, the juice being afterward added, but eare must ‘be exercised to get out all air bubbles which are very liable to fccur when this method is adopted. “The skins may be vory expeditiously removed from peaches by immersing them in boiling water for a minute or two, and then rubbing with a coarse towel. ‘This is best done when they have just reached maturity, but have not become very mellow, ‘Strawberries require boiling thirty minutes. Canning Vegetables.

In canning pumpkin or squasb, the same gen‘eral rules should be followed as in’ canning fruits ‘They may often be placed in the same cans in which fruit has been kept, after the canned fruit ns thas bean used,as they will keep without canning ‘until January, or even later, with care. green “Many people fail in their attempts to can slight too is failure of cause corn, ‘The principal for nufiient. not. is scalding cooking.‘corn. Merely It must be thoroughly cooked, and no greater difficulty in keeping it is there Fron than in keeping any kind of fruit, With a thorcanss aro justas good tin, ough coking, les e, although the latter maybe used for vegetable also aro ‘Tomatoes some. by preferred aro ‘and improved, by long cooking. Drying is usually green considereda better mothod of preserving ‘com, peas, and similar articles, than canning, Drying Fraite and Vogotables. ‘The great socret in drying fruita and vegetasub‘lenis dry an quickly ao possible without them burn to as heat a violent so to them jecting y will ‘or injure their flavor. A little ingenuitient and conven ‘enablea person to devise many can inexpensive methods by which artificial hest fruit of quantity lange a to onco at applied ‘be ‘or prepared vegetables, such as peas, beans, or soot corn Drying wer asa inthe aun i wey good, math. Joey fruit, like cheng ‘small fruit, ean’ bo moro quickly dried after scalded 50 being scalded. ' Groen com shobe uld be eut should it ‘aa to “sot tho milk,” after which from the cob, A very excellent way of removing it from the cob is to shave off the tops of the ker= rela with sharp knife, and then scrape the car elsthus back of the knife; the kernwill the h swit prod out, lnving tho hull being, adhering to to the cob. «The most expeditions mode of dryinisgby 16 ‘means of the oven; but the drawbacks are interference with cooking operations, and danger of scorching; a little forgetfulness, or lackPer-‘of ‘lose attention, and the whole is spoiled. haps the best arrangement for drying on thea small purscale, is by means of a rack, made for

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pose, and placed by or over the kitchen stove. Any one of a little ingenuity can make it, and the shape and size will be governed hy the place where itis to be used. A light frame constructed. so as to hold a series of trays, from six to twenty in number, is a very convenient anangemeni ‘The trays teay be made of strips of wood, a sufliz cient distanee apart to allow the circulation of air between ther. “For the quick drying of small fraits, green ete, a frame way be marlo to stand direetly com, ‘over the stove, and eonstructed in the following manner: Nail together a square or oblong frame, and attach to it four legs or supports, long enough ‘when standing on the floor to raize it abouta foot from the top of the stove, Across this, stretch mosquito netting, supporting it in the center hy ceross-bers, running each way. If the framo is Jarge, several supports will he required, or the netting wil ‘bag, and the drying will be uneven, “Frnt dries very quickly upon this, and will need watching to prevent scorching. It may be partially dried upon this, and finished in the sun, if desired, to malke room for more. “Another method of drying, and one which is fruit growers and gar~ often practicalle among of the hot-bed, empleyment the by is deners, purposes in other for which is generally unused the season of fruit drying, All the ehango nec essary in ity structurg, is the laying of a floor on the frit, The sash should be ut which to spread raised two or three inches to prevent the fruit from becoming scorched under the rays of the sun” ‘To preserve dried fruits and vegetables, heat them thoroughly just before putting away, and then hang up in paper bags in a dry place Prosorving Frosh Grapes. Pick carefully the later kinds of grapes. Setack auch bunches es aro perfect, fqjostang all upon which there are any bruised grapes, or from which a, grape bas fallen. Spread them upon shelves in a cool place for a week or two. en jack them in boxes in saw dust which has recently been thoroughly dried in an oven. Bran which has been well dried may also be used.

Pret bane, a already dirstd, and dip the wroken end of the stem of each bunch in melted sealing wax. The bunches may then be wrapped in tissue paper and placed in layers, or hungin ‘cool place, or they may be packed in saw dust, How to Koop Apples and Pears. OF the numerous varieties of fruits which are grown in this country, apples and pears are abous ‘the only ones that can be kept for moro than a few days after they aro ripe without the employs

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ment of artificial means. And, fortanately, these the water every day, and they may be kept perfeay fresh for wes, ” mre fruits aro the very ones which, upon the whole, ese fruits will dry without decaying if they ‘are in all other respects the best adapted to moet aro kept in a perfectly dry place. the wants of man. But even theso fruits ma much a for and condition, better in preserved bbe Cranberries ean also be preserved in water for 18 longer time by the employment of certain means, a long timo if the water is often changed. ‘and by attention to a few practical points. ‘The To Keop Swost Potatoes. best methods of preserving fruit are always those which change its natural condition aa little as Little difficultyis usually experienced in keeppossible, ing the common Irish potatoas long as desirable; Proserving fruit. in iee-houses has been pracDut the ewoet potato requires much more careful ticed quito extensively, and with very satisfac. treatment for its prvervation, Tho best panis tory results, But many people have not. the following: Select fino, cloan sand. Dry it means to inyest in an expensive fruit house. 120 thethoroughly in the oven, and bury the potatoes in ‘They ean derive great advantage from observing it, packing them so that the sand will surround the following rules — each one.” Keep them in a place which will be 1. If the fruit is of a Into variety, allow it to very dry and moderately warm, and they will remain upon the treesas long as possible withkeep along time, Irish potatoes requite& col out freezing place, 2, Always pick the fruit by hand and handle ‘The samo plan is an excellent one for keeping with the greatest care, parsnips, exeopt that the earth used need not be 3, Gather the fmnit on a dry, cool day, and dried, and a.cool place is better than a warm one, place it in heaps or bins for two or three weeks. 4. Then carefully pack in barrels, after assorting, head them up, and place them in a eool place Tipon tae approach of freezing weather, ti iL should be removed to the cellar or winter HOUSEHOLD HINTS. init hoose, The lest temperature for keeping, fruit well is about 34° I’, or 2 above freezing. By the exercise of alittle ingenuity and care, The eellar in which ordinary vegetables are kept in many of the affairs of domestic life, much may is too warn ard damp for apples. ‘Thorough be saved which would otherwise be wasted. ventilation is also essential, especially in. the ate Broken lamps and dishes may be mended by the tusman ard early spring. ‘employment of a little coment; a little glue will Before packing avvay for the winter, fruit should repair a broken piece of furniture when the tio carefully asserted. ‘That whieh has nearly breakage first ocours; here a nail or tack, and reached maturity shoull be. placed where it will there a little putty, paint, or varnish, will save easy ie different kinds ripen at many dollars in the course of a year which may different tin ‘should, on this 1Gacco wel be used in the circulation of reform literature. ny be carefully. watel Some of the following hints and weipes may be found useful :— 19 when in their prime,as they rapidly deteriorate in quality after reaching that petiod. How 10 Resove Rust From Coram —OxApples of good quality may be canned in the alic acid will take rust oF any other stain out of white goods. Dissolve a small quantity in. boilIntter part of the season if they ripen faster than they can bo used. ; ing water and dip the spots in. ‘Tho acid can be aptheir keep to eous advantag it find Many got at any drug store. Another way is to satuFate the spots with lemon juigo and spread the lawn thin Tayers upon broad shelve in col place, This plan allows frequent and thorough cloth in the sun; iit dom’ take out all tho rust t T fruit, the ce of disturban n without the first, time, repeat the application, Another Inspectio method #s to wet the cloth with yellow sulphide also permits tho removal of affected fruit as soon as it shows symptoms of decay. ammonia, by which it will be immediately Warmth and moisture aro the two things which 121 ofblackened. “After allowing it a minute or two to favor decay, and should be especially guarded penetrate, the excess of sulphide is to be washed. against, out and the black spot treated with diluted chloKooping Lemons and Orange rohydrit acid, by which it is at once removed. Finally, wash well with water. It is often desirable to proserve these fruits which aro of excellent service as flavors for other Scovama Stiven—Never put a particlo of fruits, Daring the summer there are always soap about. your silver if you would have it retain its original luster, When it wanta polish times when they can be bought very cheaply in take a pieosof soft leather and whiting and rub mall lots, Then is the time to buy. Place hard. ‘Tho propristor of ono of the oldest silver thera ab onco in a vessel of cool water, which Change se, orice-hou cellar, the in kept be establishments in tho city of Philadelphia says should

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{that housekeepors ruin their silver by washing ‘tin soap-suds, as it makes it look like pewter. Cemexr vor SToNEWARE—To a cold solution of alum add plaster of Paris sufficient to make ‘rather thick paste, Uso at once. It sets rather slowly, but is an excellent cement for mending broken crockery, eventually becoming as hard as stone, Ceaeyt ron Tnox.—Take equal parts of sulphur and white lead, with about a sixth of borax, mixing them 90 as to form a homogeneous mass. When about to apply, wot i¢ with sulphuric ‘acid and place a thin layer of it between the two ppieoes of iron, which should then be pressed together. In a week it will be perfectly solid, and no traces of the cemont will be apparent. "This, coment is said to be eo strong that it will resist the blows of a sledge hammer, Paste—Tho adhesiveness of pasto may be greatly increased by adding to it a small proportion of powdered alum, The alum also greatly delays its souring. ‘CeMENT FoR GiAss—Take an ounce of pure 122 white lead in oil, and ten grains of finely powdered acetate of lead, mixing thoroughly. Apply immediately, and allow the mended article to ry for two weeks before using. Ceaexr For Woop aXb METALS —To common glue add powdered chalk, A little borax, added, Will preserve the glue for some time, Cemext For Laveis—Take equal parts of sam tragacanth roucilago, and one part flour, his cements eapec ly good for attaching labels to metals, and resists damp very wel. Durance Wirrewastt.—Slack, with abundance of hot water, half a bushel of lime, stirring briskly meanwhile. When completely’ slacked, auld sufficient water to dissolve. ‘To this add two pounds of sulphate of zines (white vitriol) and one pound of common salt. ‘The last-named ingredients cause the wash to harden, and prevent cracking. If a eream color is desired, add yollow ochre. For stone alo jadd rays umber and Jampblack. Kasomisixy Fevip.—The following is well recommended for walls: White lao, 11b.; white ine, 10 Ibs; Panis white, 5 Ibs. Soak the glao over night in 3 ts of water. Add an equal ‘quantity of water, and heat on a water bath unil the gluo is dissolved. Put the two powders into anotiier vessel, Pour on hot water while stirring, until of the consistency of thick milk, Mix the two liquids thoroughly, and apply to the ‘wall with a whitewash brush. Mists ror House Cueaxtso.—Remember the ‘losets and garvet as well as the sitting room and ‘Mix with the whitowash a considerable pro133 portion of pulverized copperas. It. will disinfect, the moldy walls, and destroy the oggs of various

249

THE HYGIENIC COOKBOOK

\ls of vermin. Never put new paper upon the walls without removing the old. Much harm has often resulted from a neglect of this precaution, Bo carelul to avoid arsenal color in selecting wall paper. Green is the most likely to be dane little whiting and a few old newspapers are almost indispensable for polishing the windows ‘A hot iron applied to old putty will soften it almost instantly. Matting can be cleaned easily by thorough syeoping ater sprinkling saltor meistcom meal or sawdust upon it, ‘To cleanse tho drain pipe, pour down a strong solution of copporas Disinfect the collar by ventilation, whitewash ing, and scattering chloride of lime’ or eopperas about The cistern should also be noticed. Draw out the water and cleanso it, thoroughly, if possible, twice a year. If there is only a slight taint to the water, it may be removed by letting down into the cistern a coarso.sack containing one or two bushels of powdered charcoal = Ratsand mieo may be driven away by placing jn their holes or runways caustic potash or unsacked liane (powdered). ‘A solution of corrosive sublimate will kill bed bugs and cockroaches instanter: Paint ean bs removed by applyinga strong solution of oxalic acid, INDEX Tl fare for exch mont, iaHissar ed pl MeSone, mown tecSe heat bara icity ‘apne Apple brown bread,

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THE HYGIENIC COOKBOOK

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beat, Grecked whenyangevicce 8 Honey Ghicked teat piiliag, new to you, they have been the mainstay of oriental families for hur ureds of years. Good 10035, like good music, prove themselves by being accepted by succeeding generations Soybean products have become a staple all over the orient and are fast becoming accepted here F don't much like to promote soybeans as a survival food. That might make you think that buying a hundred pounds or more was admitting that your family was on the verge of bankruptcy or something People who think like that keep buying $6.00 a pound steak to prove they're well off until they go to sign up for welfare. But if they had the survivalist attitude that the better they could live at the least expense, the further away from bankruptcy they'd be. Food is the biggest part of the average family budget, The adoption of soybeans and other foods I'll write about in succeeding editions of VICTORIA will cut your food bill by half or more. ‘Soybeans can be ordered through your local health food store at about $22.00 for 80 pounds, or 44 cents per pound. They keep for years, like any other dried seeds. You don't have to buy in bulk at the start, A purchaseof five pounds would give you enough to prove out all the products in this, article. Of course, you get them cheaper by buying 50 pound bags Let's start with soy milk. It tastes different from cow's milk, like lamb tastes different from beet. It has a slightly nutty taste and some say it tastes sort of chalky, although it has less calcium than caw’s milk, Even so, the chalky taste doesn't make it unpleasant. If a milk drinker remarks that it tastes different, just tell him i's another brand. As the table below shows, soy milk has less calcium phoshorous and eibotiavin than cow's milk. If milk is your only source of calcium buy a big bottleof calcium tablets at the health food store. They sell for very little so get a year's supply for a few dollars and take as directed Soy Milk Cow's Milk Protein 3.4% 3.5% Fat 1.5% 3.9% Carbohydrates 2.1% 4.9% Calcium 21 mg. 148 mg, Phosphorus 47 mg. 93 mg. Iron 7 mg 1 mg, Thiamin 09 mg. 04 mg, Riboflavin (04 mg. 17 mg Niacin 3. mg 11mg Aside from milk for drinking, soy milk can be used for cooking just like cow's milk UM don't know of anyone nowadays who isn't already set up to make soy milk. All you need is a blender or fine grinder. Then you'll need two cooking pots of a gallon or more capcity, a collander and two foot square of cotton.

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yer way, you ought to kick the habit Of course, if they are really needed, Ikieking the habit would only put you back inthe same condition for which they were prescribed, So later on I'll describe the substitute Quitting cold turkey, or simply stopping, if you've been on them for a long while ‘may bring on withdrawal symptoms. The ‘most common symptoms are the uncomfortable desire to draw yourself up into a round ball. This is inconvenient, however, unless your mate is a fanatic bowler. Even in mild cases you'll want to ball your fists and scrunch in your toes, con ‘santly. You may even get the sniffles, making you think you have a cold. The latter symptom can last for months, even after the more eommon symptoms have Tet. For the first. symptoms described, the best relief is simply to keep busy, or at least, distracted by your favorite TV shows, It's hardest at night, however, ‘when you're trying to relax and goo sleep, ‘These symptoms should leave in a couple of weeks. Incase you get what seems like terminal sniffles, don't take a lot of cold remedies, like Contac or the green goody you drink from the plastic shot glass. These are narcotics, also, s0 they will simply prolong the first symptoms. instead, buy straight antihistamine from the drug store and lake as much as you need, If you can't face any withdrawal symptoms, you might try cutting the dosage of medication in half for the first week. ‘your Meanwhile you are taking the substitute so although you should experience little, if ‘any withdrawal symptoms, your nervous ‘condition should be under’ control. Next ‘week, cut your dosage in half again and so on week by week. This should get you past the worst of the withdrawal symptoms by the time you are off the original medication. You may still develop sniffles, but those are the breaks. ‘The substitule is simply one oz Chamomile, one oz, Sculleap, one oz. Hops ‘and one oz. Valerian, These are all common herbs bought at or ordered through any health food store, "You ean buy in bulk much cheaper from the San Francisco Herb Co., 267 Ninth St, San Francisco, Ca.94103, T suggest you call TOLL FREE in the U-S. 900-227-4590, ‘and order five pounds of each. 5 Ib, Chamomile, $18.75; 5 lb. Hops, $13.05, 5 Ib. Seulleap, $24.95, and 5 Ibs. Valerian root (powdered) $17.80 which adds up to $74.45, plus U-P.S. fee. Just call them and pay on delivery, When you get the herbs, put the

SOYBEANS FOR SURVIVAL

cloth to strain the milk through so none of the soy meat gets in First soak eight ounces of soybeans over night in a quart of water. Then pour away the water. If you havea Vita Mix blender, puta the beansin, plus She quart of water, Turn it on and lett run for maybe three minutes or unti the beans are pulverized It you have a regular blender. put in three cups of water and one andone half Cups of presoaked beans, which should be half. Then push the slowest Button on up to thefastest, When liquified, pourthe contents into one ofthe pans. Then repeat with the other one and one half cups of beans and three more cups of water Rinse the blender out with two more cups of water and pour it into the two quarts of water plus the liquified beans. To make pan, Now you willhave for faster straining, pour two more quarts of water in the beans and milk Now you strain the milk out, Put the two square foot piece of cotton cloth in the collander and place the collander over the other pan. The collander must be higher than the liquid will be. Otherwise it won't strain quickly. It your collander sinks down into the pan, just take a wire coat hanger and bend it out slightly, put it across the pan and rest the collander in it. Pour In the gallon-plus of liquid and soy dregs. When the dripping stops, take a spoon and scrape the dregs down toward the middle. Then gatherthe fedges and twist into a ball and twist out the remainder of the milk. Wow you have soy milk, but it needs to be cooked. Set the pan on the stove at medium heat. When the milk gets hot put the heat on high and watch until it starts to boil. You must be quick and take the pan off or it will foam up and spill all over the stove. Anyway, when you have it really hot, put the heat down and put the pan back and [et it get fo simmer or rolling boil. Keep it there for 10 minutes. Don't scrape the bottom, It shouldn't burn, butift does, scraping will only Iet burned milk flavor the rest. Some will stick to the bottom anyway but not enough to bother. Save the dregs to cook up in stew or soup, You can also mix it with pet food as itis very nutritious and pets accept it readily. It makes pet food go twice as far. H your family simply won't accept the slightly different taste, mix in some carob powder, bought trom the health food store. It will then taste like finicky child Chocolate milk and will be enjoyed by themilk most will do it elfortessly. I's very TE yout are trying to lose weight, soy filing, One glass full will really dull your appetite. Better give the kiddies a smaller glass full or they won't finish their other food TOFU Tofu has the appearance of cream cheese and the consistency of jello. It

has a very bland flavor but absorbs the flavor of whatever food it's mixed with Wt has as much or more protein as most meats. It is not only highly nutritious but is easily digested and very filling, To test the acceptabilityyou might make some scrambled eggs. But only use half the eggsand half tofu. don't think your family would notice any difference. ‘Still, there's no need to sneak around. Let the family know what they're and I'm sure they'll take.to it right away. I's not as if it tastes bad. ‘eating Actually it has too little taste ofits own to be a problem even ifthe taste of it enjoyable. lain was not ‘Tofu is commonly cut up into small squares and added to soups, stews, casseroles, salads, etc. It lends itself equally to deserts as well as to meat

diet f00d, being filing, nutritious and taking on dishes, Itis also anexcellent the flavor of the more fattening foods it's mixed with. If you are dieting, just mix half tofu with a normal portion of any food and you'll cut down on the

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Chamomile, Hops and Sculleap in the blender and tur it into a powder separately. Mix as needed, There are two ways of taking this: combination of herbs. One way is by making a tea. An ounce of each herb is stirred into two quarts of boiling water. AS the water resumes boiling after the herbs are stirred in, the pot is taken off the heat, covered and allowed to set for an hour to steep, Have another pot ready with a collander. Put a muslin cloth in the collander and pour the tea in, After the straining has stopped, twist the clothso the herbs are in aball and most ofthe liquidis out. ‘The spent herbs can be combined with the next spent batch and re-boiled and steeped. Twice as much of the tea is needed, but it makes the herbs go 50 percent further, ‘The first dose should be eight ounces, After that, four ounces every few hours willkeep you tranquil, with no side effects In the day time the nerves are smoothed so you are very alert, At night, the nerves are soothed 50 you'll sleep soundly. If you take sleeping pills, substitute the herbs. I you are really down, the first dose will sive you an actual high’ After that you'll level off and from then on, if you take it regularly, you'll just be normal, On the other hand, four ounces given to a person who doesn’t need it will have no effect at all (A pregnant woman must omit the Chamomile and substitute Black Cohosh) ‘The hops gives the tea a rather bitter taste, which some people can’t stand. Others learn to like it I you hatethe taste you can take it as a powder. Actually, in the powder form the herb goes much, much further. The only difference is that the tea takes effeet in from three to five minutes, whereas the powder takes effect in about twenty ‘minutes. The tea is better for getting back tosleep if you awaken in the middle of the night, To use the powder, use a rounded teaspoon and dump it on the tongue behind the teeth. (Don’t breath in or you'll get a coughingfit), Assoon as you gettin, wash, it down with water oF juice, Aside from going further, the powder is also mare portable so youcan easily take a packet to work or on trips. ‘This combination of herbs also cures alcoholism, People are always saying that alcoholism is a disease, Not so. The alcoholic is a depressive. Aleohol relieves the depression. It takes ‘moreB vitamins from the system, causing ‘greater depression. Drinking, even in the daytime is preferable to' the awful

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carbohydrates and feel just as full and cozy as if you'd gone off your diet completely. Nearly every recipe I've read on making tofu has not only been complicated, but wrong. | think most of the writers just took some recipe, didn't understand it, rewrote it so as not to violate copyright laws and presented it as fact without even trying to make it. isn't that tacky? ‘Anyway, | kept on trying and improvising until |can make itjust as well as anyone and so can you. Once you've got it right you can makeit in just afew minutes and your 19 cents a pound tofu will be even better than the $1.29 a pound tofu bought at the supermarket ince you've read this far, you've got most of the process mastered. All you do to make tofu from soy milk is curdie it. Some people curdle soy milk with lemon juice or vinegar. Lemon juice is quite expensive and like vinegar, leaves a taste. You don't want any taste, except that of the pure tofu. | use epsom salts. You can buy five pounds of it for about $1.50 in any supermarket, At one heaping teaspoon for each batch. five pounds will last for months and months. While your gallon of soy milk is cooking, take one cup of hot tap water and stir in one heaping teaspoonful of epsom salts. Stir until it dissolves. When the soy milk is done, turn off the heat and stir in the cup of water and epsom salts. It will begin to curdle immediately. Epsom saltsis a laxative. To avoid any laxative remaining in the tofu, pour an additional two quarts of water in the now curdied milk. This will dilute the epsom salts. Next, putine cloth ina sieve over the sink and slowly pourin the six quarts of water and bean curds. When the dripping stops. turn the finished tofu in the cloth and sieve into a container of the same size. One batch givesat least one and one quarter pound of tofu. To maintain its original form and consistency, fill the container with {rash cold water. Otherwise the weight of the tofu would only press more water ut, causing it to become leathery. It wll Keep this way in the refrigeratorfor at least a week. You need only cut and lift out slices with a spatula as needed. SOYBEAN SPROUTS

Soybean sprouts are not to be confused with the commonly known bean sprouts sold at supermarkets and used in oriental dishes. These are from mung beans and are far more expensive. AAs the table below shows, cooked soybeans are very nutritious. Their sprouts, although not as rich as cooked soybeans, are still the most Nutritious and inexpensive green vegetable available Sprouted Soybeans Soybeans Calories 331 6 Protein 34.9% 6.2% Fat (vegetable fat) good food for you 18.1% 1.4% Carbohydrate 334.8% 5.3% Calcium 227 mg. 48 mg. Phosphorus 586 mg. 67 mg. Iron 8 mg. tmg Potassium 1900 mg. Sodium 4mg. Vitamin A 410 International Units Vitamin C trace 13mg B Vitamins Thiamin 1.07 mg 23mg. Ribotlavin 31mg 20 mg.

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depression. “The herbs take away the depression and ‘even nullify the effects of the alcohol. One ‘can drink socially after a shot of herb tea or spoonful of powder. "To prove this, take four ounces of your favorite liquor mixed with four ounces of the tea. Sip it along as you do normally. You might get a little mellow, but you won't stagger, even after twelve ounces of whisky mixed half and half, It works, but it's @ waste of good booze, Ifyou want to test the formula, but your health food store doesn't stock all the herbs send $10,00 to Atlan Formularies for four ounces of the powder.

Ozark Biscuits And Gravy You'll get a big “At-AGirl” every ‘morning with these. At first it takes a few extra minutes, but you'll soon begin to have them ready for the oven in no time, with alittle practice. Serve up a generous bowl of sausage gravy to spoon over individual biscuits, and this warm, filling breakfast supplement is worth those extra few minutes a day! Inexpensive, too 3 cups unbleached flour 4 teaspoons baking powder 1 tablespoon sugar 48 good dash or two of salt 4g cup shortening 2 eggs slightly beaten tworthirds cup milk Cut shortening into dry ingredients. Combine egg and mils, then add to mix ture, Stir quickly. Turn dough onto floured surface, Knead a few strokes with enough flour that the dough does not feel sticky. Cut out biscuite with biscuit cutter or drinking glass turned upside-down. Bake at 450 degrees til lightly browned 10 to 15. ‘minutes. Makes about 18,

Potato Chips

Pare the potatoes and slice into thin shavings with a vegetable cutter. Let them soak in ice water for an hour. drain and dry in a towel. Have ready your heated deep fat and fry until they curt and are lightly brown. Put them ina wire frying basket to immerse in the fat and shake them as free of fat as possible before lifting from the kettle, then put to drainon absorbent paper. Dust with sat. Keeps a week or more.

54 Niacin Choline Pantothenic Acid Vitamin K Mixed Tocopherols

SOYBEANS FOR SURVIVAL 23 mg 300-340 mg, 4800 meg, 190 meg 140 mg.

8 mg.

(Vitamin E included in this) crunchiness and vitamins Everyone needs vegetables for roughage and and a quarter of sprouts Since you get at least a pound like. the and irom eight ounces of soybeans it amounts to about 19 cents a pound. You can't get any green vegetable in the market place as nutritious or so inexpensive. sprouts are almost as Most instructions for making Mysoybean for ‘complicated as those for making tofu. system is easy and sure even one a in soybeans dried of ounces eight pour is the Beginner. All you do holes. ‘gallon glass jar with i's metal lid punched with about a dozen arenail broken many as ones forbroken beans the over pick to need no is There just under the hull and many are infertile anyway. They are easilyleft behind when the sprouts are grown Pour about a quart of fresh water over the beans and let them set over night, Next morning drain off the water, remove the lid and gently wash the beans in the jar down in a Drain the beans again through the lid and stand the jar upside bow! with a bottle cap or something under it to help any excess water to Grain and also to permit air to get in ‘After about four nours remove the lid and again gently tlood the beans with fresh water. | say gently because ater the beans begin to sprout their litle sproutets are very brittle and if handled roughly they will break off and the beans will die. Flood and drain atleast three times each day, for four to six days, depending on the temperature. The sprouts are done when the bean parts are green and before the white tails are coverd with litte rootlets Ifyou let them grow much longer they'll become woody and tough. ‘When the sprouts are about three inches long pour the whole bunch out into the sink, Fill t with warm water and swirl the sprouts around. breaking loose any hulls that remain attached. Then spread your fingers and scoop out all the good green beans with sprouts attached. This ust takes @ couple of minutes and it's no trouble to leave the hulls and dead beans behind. Now wash your sproutsand store them in the refrigerator. They are good raw, as snacks oF in salads. They are also delicious cooked lightly and served like any other green vegetable. ‘nce you see how easy they are to grow and serve, you'll really appreciate them tor their goodness and economy. They could serve as your only green vegetable, although we hope you'll always have a good variety.

Quick casserole Sunset — 1862 Fors uickly prepared supper ry this main dlish that you just heat and serve, Its a casserole of ean refried eas, frank fortes. ail cheese topped sith chopped green onions. green salad, hot French Bread, and fresh fruit night complete the meal Grease a 1Ye-quatt casserole and spread ean (1) refried beans evenly the bottom, Arrange 8 frankturters, split lengthwise, on top of beans and sprinkle

Sith 1% cups shredded American or jack (850°) in a moderate cheese. for 10 toBake15 minutes or until oventhe cheese melts aad beans hot. Slice green on: fons (with tops) andare pass them in smal bow! for each person to sprinkle on his serving. Makes about ¢ serving.

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Bake Your Own Staff of Life By next year you will probably not be able to buy any brand of breadfor under one dollar a loaf. Yet, the ingredients will still remain ‘comparatively cheap, especially if you have your own grain grinder. But even if you have to buy the flour from the grocery, the total outlay will be less than one quarter of the price of store bread. Bread baking isa chore only if you think of baking it a loat at a time. However; those who bake their own bread usually do a week's supply at one baking. This is usually from three to six loaves at a time. Six loaves can all be baked at once in the average oven, To the beginner, a large baking project can seem like a lot of work. But like any new effort, you can expect a routine to set in quickly as you become familiar with the various steps. After two or three bakings you'll find the time and any mess cut in half. If you establish a weekly time to do your baking you'll soon come to accept baking as an easily manageable part of your weekly routine which you might even come to look forward to The plusses of doing your own baking are many. The savings are obvious. Learning a new skill is fulfilling. Don't discount your added prestige among your friends. The smell of new baked bread throughout your home will be a joy to the whole family. If you've never tasted hot buttered bread fresh from the ovenyou may come to think that alone is worth the effort. From baking loaves of bread you may wish to go on to rolls and pastries, not to mention pies and so ‘many other items you can sell oruse as gifts. Also, once you've gotten used to baking, you can bake breakfast biscuits, cornbread and such and never buy commercial breads again.

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TS ON RELOCATING

Guest Editorial Nancy Tappan has writen the finest editorial have ever read on relocating. She takes out all the wishful thinking which clutters publications such ax The Mother Earth News and Various other publications catering to urban clerical types fantasizing about being gentiemen and lady farmers. However, while pointing out the hardships encountered in relocating, she also describes the possiblities of success in breaking loose from the establishment. For ato many the choice willbe between relocating now, with al t's hardships, and the real possibilty of relocation later as a refugee. ‘SOME THOUHTS ON RELOCATING by Nancy Tappan Making a Living in a Small Town,

‘The concept most fundamental to Mel's view of long-term survival was that of relocating to @ small rural community(see P.S. LETTERS 3 ond 6). As those of you who have picked up and moved know, that experience is traumatic i deed. Not only must you endure the severe emotional stress that such a move engenders, but you must also face the problem of earning a living. And thet is not on easy task in a small town. Without exception everyone that | know who has moved to the country (ourselves included) has been plagued by three troublesome misconception: «on unrealistic idea of what living in the countryor a small town is like, an even more unrealistic idea of tho financial cost involved and a gross miscalculation of the amount of time that it tokes to get settled ond established in the comunity. Unfortunately, most of us who have never lived in the country have @ romantic vision of the bucolic life, one spawned by reading Mother Earth News and back-o-the-land books. We see ourselves living off of our five acres and still having enough produce and livestock left over to barter or sell enough to buy ° few necessary staples. The hard truth is that farming, especially on small ‘acreage, is difficult, even i you have experience and know-how, and impos ble if you have neither, so forget the idea thet your little patch of Eden can furnish you with any appreciable amount of food right away. During our first year here, for example, my garden was demolished by grasshoppers, two of our pigs were run over because our fences weren't secure and we got stuck with two of the poorest excuses for cattle that you have ever seen. Moreover unless you are very lucky, your expenses will be staggering — your place will need repairs, you will need tools and equipment, you will find livestock expe) sive and goods no cheaper than they are in the city. Disillusioning os it may be to discover that your refuge is not poradise, itis even more disillusioning to exomine the job market in the town you ore in or near. Most small communities have little, if any, industry ond whot does exist is sensitive o the stateof the country’s economy. We are in @ lumber area and because of the slump in the housing Industry, many of the mills are shut down: consequently, we have widespread unemployment among the unskilled. In addition, there are many retired in the area who are willing to work part-timefor low wages. In short, we have on employer's market. ‘Many service businesses do not exist in rural areas becouse of the low must travel to the necrest medium-sized town population density —do people Professional services are at @ minimum and without. or more) or {20,000 even the medium-sized towns do not have the highly specialized professional such 8 @ copyright attorney or nephrologist. What you do find are an abun: dance of people with basic skills (those most valuable in @ post-holocaust world) — plumbing, carpentry, welding, otc. — ond o few businesses such as hardware stores, markets, and drug stores that answer a need and do very well Unlike the suburbs or an area with a 20,000 plus population you do not

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The article on bread baking, here, recommends all purpose flour. Unbleached flour should be substituted, If you want to make wholewheat bread you'll have touse more water. You should make white bread until you learn how. Then you will be knowledgeable enough to experiment without any total disasters.

BREAD BA KI NG unser! anwar! uggs

madetend trend baTe onsbee busy word honeetaeons cause bread making is easy, and fan. In fact, few tasks give so much satisfaction in return for so litle effort. We know of no happier season to re vive this gentle art, Some of the old fashioned spirit which Christmas brings still Tingers: the time is ripe for New Year's resolutions, of which regular “haking days” might well be one. But, let the fragrance of the freshly: baked loaves speak for itsel! 4 ops (1 quer mk ep mger yeos ert

12 Spuaied -purpee fou (ou) Seald milk; add sugar, salt and s - Cool to bukewarm. Add yeast, which has teen softened in lukewarm water. Add flour gradually, mixing it in thoroughly, When just enough flour has Tien added so that dough is stiff enough to be handled easily, turn fut onto fightly oured hoard and knead until smooth ane satiny. (Fig. 1.) Kin ing consists of folding the dough «ver fon itself, pushing it lighthy with a sort of rocking motion, folding it over, pnsh ingit.—and repeating this processrhyth tically for abont 8 to. 10 minutes or un Shape kneaded do hall and place in afi Brush surface lightly with melted fat, ‘over, and let rise in a warm place (80° to85°F.) until doubled in bulk oF light.

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find tpecialty shops of any kind. So you con see that if you want to wrk in an existing business in your immediate area, your choices are severely limited, Further, you are an outsider and, as such, are regarded with suspicion. Contrary to popular myth, neither country people nor small town residents are the salt-of-the-earth, friendly sort who will drop everything to help a neighbor. OF course, there are exceptions, but mony are benighted souls who distrust ‘anyone and anything that they have not known all their lives ond many take great delight in seeing city slickers fall flat on their faces. You must also be wary of those who have recently moved to the area — with a convert’s zeal they wantto keep others from following them and overpopulating their sylvan haven. And if you not only come from the city but from another part of the country or are different in ony way — because of color, physical handicap, religion or whatever— you have another strike against you. Prejudice against the unfamiliar is for greater than in a metropolitan area. And gossiping ond rumormongering are favorite pastimes, Just how do you go about earning ¢ living in such an environment? In short by being adaptable — willing to accommodate to the eccentricities of smail town life and willingto change your ideas about work. First, look around you ‘and try to blend in — the locals are sensitive and will spot anyone who “puts on airs” immediately. The fact that you belonged to the L.A, Country Club or have o Ph.D. or were president of your Kiwanis chapter in Hoboken cuts no ice ‘and your bruiting your past abou! simply serves to make you more of an out: sider. If you enjoy people — warts and oll — and have a sense of humor. | can essure you that living in a small town can be an enlightening— and enjoyable — experience since you meet and become friends with a cross-section that you would never encounter in a large city. As Mel used to soy, "lt increases your ‘existential amplitude. For many, especially men, changing their ideas about work is even more diflt than‘ adjusting to small town life. First you must jettison all your preconceived notions about the kind of work you will do, the way you will work and the pay you will accept. When you first relocate, you will probably have to take whatever jobs come your way at the wages offered and if you ‘open your own business, charge much less than you could in @ city, The willingness to change attitudes toward work is but one aspect of o revolution occurring in this country today — the move from what Alvin Toffler calls Second Wave production modes to Third Wave ones. It is interesting that the changes this shift is affecting in people's work patterns parallel those thet the survivalist must make when he decides to relocate. Working in @ conven: tional office, keeping standard hours and receiving company benefits may soon be the exception rather than the rule not just for the survivalist but for the majority of this country. More and more people are opting for flextime, they are taking part-time jobs so that they con produce rather than purchase more of what they consume, and rigid family roles are softening as husbands, wives and children work together and traditional jobs are interchanged. The self-help movement, do-it-yourselfing and bartering are also a part of this revolution — ond an integral port of survivalism, But working in this way ther at home or in a small office near your house, performing two or more jobs at once, taking lower wages, trying to get your refuge set up, working ong and strange hours — is extremely difficult ot first because of the mental iuggling that it requires. In 0 traditional office environment or sales job you gear yourself to cope with one related set of problems during a given time Period, but this new approach to work precludes such tidy compartmentali ing. Unless you are floxible, you may wall lose your mind, | know, because many a P.S. LETTER paste-up hos been interrupted by the birth of o calf, a bet customer, or Robin's mooing to inform me that she wishes to be milked. And everyone around here must be willing to do every kind of job. One minute Mel ‘would be writing a column and the next giving @ heifer @ selenium shot, Condy, who is responsible for the new efficiency thot you see in P.S. LETTER, has scrubbed the kitchen floor on more than one occasion, and | am by now @ pro

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ot scooping manure. Lightnesseae determined by pre Although you may think that I've ove tive dongs gently with the finger. 1 1 g these attitude changes, they are the key to your being successful in making remains. the doug « living ofter relocating. Specifically, your best opportunity by for is to stort Punch sown by: phungin own business (preferably one that will be needed in o post-crunch soci Jog and folding the your ‘about the amount of time that but before you do, you must be rand the renter. (Big, &) ‘Tues ty), will take to get i t going and, i f possible, set money aside to cushion ‘viel sanoath see up. cover. let you through the lean startup period (about twoenough If you can't do this, be sin, arud shen Fight, jumeh down prepared fo moonlight in order to make ends me t years). renting rather consider ond time. Divide dong into 4 expat than buying « home until you got established. portions with a sharp kaife. Round each If you decide to start your own business, be aware that most of the people partion into a sonouth ball, Cover well the city of are currently hd lel rest 0 to 1 inutes, Mol into Toaves. (Fig. 4 th Place in 108 in town: therefore, do not iry and (Bie 1) Brash ireased brew for example, if itis providing goodse tops with andl let rise it On the other hand, if you want to practice a trade such ond merchandise. Tin bull, (is 1sviceplumbing, warn pee are good at what you do, and above all, will show up when you Bak lerately ht sey you will and work during odd hours, you wil do bettor in time than the (sw 30 ty 5 minute four plumbers listed in the phone book. Why? Although their skill may Reve leaves from pans to 00! (Fi ‘other be commensurate to yours, chances ore they will have caught the infectious ls 12) Wield: (epunid) ‘nobody's going to tel me when, what or how to do it” attitude that permeates the locol chat ond chew parlors and ruins mony @ good man. Poke around your immediate community and also around the nearest city with @ 15-20,000 population, where you will find more opportunities, talk to the locals ond determine what services are needed. Those who have been successful in this areo have done exactly thot. In fact, most of the new businesses in the Grants Poss area during the post few years hove been started by newcomers. A good friend of Mel's moved here five years ago not knowing what he would do. He swept chimneys, raised bees, and somehow kept his wife ond two children fed while he studied for his real estate license. Today he has his own office, which is the most successful ino town full of real estate firms, because he had the foresight to specialize in refuge property. Another mon ieft the trych ing business and orened @ gun shop and I've lost track of the

numberrunning whe &hayeRestaurant sfurted mail-order I knowwhoof a lawyer who ig now and loving businesses. it and © couple had jus! enough capital to buy @ roto-rooter but saw as they went around cleaning drains that there was @ need for o business maintenance service. They now operate the roto-rooter business by day and the maintenance service at night. A former engineer is now designing solar greenhouses and fleshing ovt his income by building fences. Although this area has many printers, the man who prints PS LETTERS hos more business thon he can handle because he doe: careful work A survivalist, he olso has © manval printing press in his basement. Last week | talked 10 0 couple who with $1000 started producing high technology clocks in © remote area of Southern Washington. Contrary to popular thinking, they soy that manufacturing in @ small town is feasible — if you con use unskilled labor, fond are willing to work until you drop ot night. These are the successes — unfortunotely, the failures are many but they oll stom from the same root — an unrealistic estimate of time-and the they then fal at sinthe antral ints fever, ann tateravelinte betwee

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same anglegan on thenally.next th surface, Fellsted ‘Hcy he receives reais ; eon the gute, then the e n e r g e s t pene ‘one theprojected pupil so upon'a that adnheetnage,of per py, of hjettpari ofsen “Tie from the drawing feel psn ineHG thelsh edge ofrays fel i e r t h e o t insetene en togeler ua the paper, of the latter can teaken. There iy howeven 1 p r a c t i c a l dials “che nagediferent ante foundrawingepemil areno at cannot distancebe sennily the eye, aud fren Wistinetly the mate ‘Givingtogether Gia a plate of tet,ae with mata timewyertsTy

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Camere Laci ‘asan eye Hole i place atthe ee thaunder thinethe eve SpThe theta leo Me aavtingnay pencil, wich both pas throngBy cste pete Sey al fei the itfesltyaie" ie greatly) diminished. ie ssttc is sl Javever the Iatanient tory many acpuire rent ttereadies athe Ween andhenthough het ae ‘simpler form ofin 45°merely pies of ‘roth yliss xed at An angle to the Moa Tm this villCase behowever, tho image seen onforetho oftaperue Ielow inverted. In Amiel strament angled andtlangular pris is used, involving twoa right rlsusione one reflection Camera Obscura (lit.by "sGixnbatiota dark chunber", anBog instramentMage "dexebed tells Nara 4001“ Te tha ints eimplest formhow, an Furaishod 2 failiarat toy,one consisting ofShiboe g rectangular ed lent wil whose focal length iv equal to the Sad depth of theetre bows at place the cpponte exf"ofot heh Rate AE an agate Tei Divoay! the be iindge of anyon a objects fof Shieh te ens siected poce. foound plas,position, on theso thattop ofthe; themay borete tala. fiver viewed re sketched from az in nature. The instruiene Five's when inthe has of i Pagerre ileupliy. e VBcame.newBurtheinterest main instrument toed the pluograhie camera, te Pate “Gamomite, ig ie(Anthe genus of Compositor Cuamost annualm) and9 ‘The species oreaniaalll ferve, palwaret ic. he mont important pedi ofthe enue ts Ion Knosen for the "medi pal. virtues ‘faninfison Ste tower UBteres abeas them iter Stomachie hadTuese tonic “pro rately “tae Eafe hic iby propane tn “Gitabt

395

ter principle fs, also provnt, but go. alkaloid ‘The'plan t isge kiontsh ehiely cultivated at ‘Mitchant in Sarpy ted an chevhere in Sato te moreHowere difer trom the wid forms tn tele ailfgonverion rf dl, into’hu tow in whithe “ o f tubular ligulate.ftorety hes ‘een le conpite leanne somewha yee entre, ave called draggita wpe camnuten The and thst ‘The completly double flowersTarget, are’ whitest, mut eateeied. other Brith species ae mere Weeds one of them, called Sti fing (4. teCotuta, is ofao theacridDyer unto Came blister {heBille Cuioomile finger, Hut were dinctoria),dye, common on whe Continent, ie‘Will(1 beat Camomile’ (Matrisaria Chamomit) isthe fonmon camomile of German writers It hs long fe eaployed an(iil) tn tisiteranebrewing or sulattute fot tevother, and tea Bower. Need sole are, “however,ot iter cay distingtinhed, being tite the espace aes Ulloa a v o i d o f the bractoier hick larga charciere te.Pardkencom:(Feverfen irve eamonifes A ealiaied Strety of Me yaa tho'ts be distingciiol The canamits of the dian Vesey inant to be a vit (Af Suan. lena ofthe fortron Camphene, or obtained Casrrusens, ix an artificial vanety bf eamphor feos ofturpentine, by ‘cting theron withthe dey vapour Bydroclor Keepingthe the wholefn-n atfoeeing « low tauiperatare {by‘cid tnditnmeriog venel mixtare, A id Substance Le produce, whieh separates ‘white crystalline prism anid hus the ‘taste andin syreeable "aromacle swell of common nator Satuphor The nae Canpene ‘han,to howe iter igniiation, b e i n g ” applied the: wlole flan of ula toner with uarpentinos of which the fest nowa are the ols of lergamoe tad Ieaon Camphine is the name applied to « variety of pint vat ttpentine otal trom ‘the Pyai AGastratis of tho withernstaten of America, formerly ded a sina in Uh enn. te Jrliame very volatile, burning fre ly wth w pure whive Ke eapsa"Uaderforums withtre,ir w mane very eXplinive ttt” Mixture the naine fine sodhaw ening oils in whichty" thothe iluminnting, omer” bee insted atin Fehr i andmilny evel i wie sound fn ‘Camphor many! plants, be neparaa fnincor tay spent "1 patty abo poses of Latrace!(q..).The principal source ul thecamphor of eonmurce is the Cunphvor Laurel (Gimainemum Leuras) Comphora)yattesat Chins, Span, Formos aad Cashin C l i n at heh teen fatralucel’ nto Java and the West Indiesha Gani elit” mrt in he svar tunrebned stace snd dupath awhere thethe woo inet itfam egFornioa md fitted vapour of eaglor ning wih the ateun beg olectel in thedrainshaul offof which the will,i wlAfeerdn China ealeetionfor Emptor out hematin,eamplor“Tnthe‘are reining procean the graintro uf Impure stacey mnt ity dice alg! wit nal propeeion of quikline, Ino" lane globular last veel In yntities of ‘lout 10 Tk, aretd reheated, wien hot atthe @ wetee Finesrue in sean, allowed to eeupe tal an thereat te,thisagarture bet cowed theUppercamphor sublies anda renltdihe in theater prt ofthe ask etn trenepacent cal Teaving all the inparicies behind. “Tie asks arota then cool and broken hy throwing cold water thers, aad Thethe. glass camphur taken out andare sent intoby Iatkon" gules employe called Higa ade”rt’ eliotn ok famphor having’ been” pructised in Venice Gite sublime len alo ofin event years been sent into te Inurket plist powdery cya, a wera cara ey envi fa pharmaceutical “Caanphor wan wikmow a Loe Grecks endpurposes. Romans, it CehaxEas been Myas tea snc’ tiny in st tough brought elito slightly Europe by the Aram It ia Wwhive fighterTe is thanvery water, and having the foruuta’ Ca g0.~ apatiy siluble ta, water, bub ealy ulable tn alcohol ‘ther, atti ae’ ond heolla essential le(20 Cj, Te awed aUStG" (is), nd 307 ‘olatitisee somewhat rapidly at aedinary tempersat

CHAMBERS'

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turesily fuse” Me ae tSen o, i eter, harm with «wie ‘Rhoca Yeast Stag Ya ete te cetints eticedin {ie fom te gual to of the saat theater and the treguae bang tp formate tne an an gecaechabitate topos isis adonal Gaipor alike inin enB Eavopean and cient aml acy realy apae Tipsy elmaane "i anon ore fut ap heatin g s in daser EMeolyae and antapeomodc very lageaan dns

sects seve cece at Sah cio aie a ere merece eerie eh aca omar,

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a kivd Fieof orTorpenting is alsin Balsam, Canada (gsr) obtatoed from tho Balin ofuf Gilead Bie Gibier or Plnur tadaunea), a native Canada nnd. the norther ‘parts ofthe. United States face Fun). Te exists ih tho treo fo vesiles ten thn tk adhe woods and bined y wakingcolourless, j‘oot inctsious.and Tela" transparent lguld, with an agrorsblo alot ‘and acrid uate. "Tt pour readilyOut af a vessel Ce tie,"Winon“andfresh,ahorflyIt ofdriestho up, and. bosoms Sold, wiaistonce Toney but. hesomes vaca, ‘and at last saulof inby ‘ge eeonsists tainly of Toxin dinsolved in 0h ‘cena oil,ol, and94 itepartaycomposition i approxitnately = ential reno, woluble in ing she ob rah Slatin ther Conade balsam Was formerly employed in medicine ‘bra stimuleot Jor the cure of mucous discharge ‘tad afarely detergent application to leer, butis muchis hove used ao foe. The basaty ‘aluod fora iavariety of purposes nthe arlene an Ingredient “varaishe, in mounting objects tor fhe nerncope, in Photograi (gv) and be ‘opticians as a foment, pactcslany for connecting hepa chat! fnen forto optical he exon of Inoishure and dast Its valve purposes reyes albut, depen notponsemiog nl a lrelfactivg gest ncopareney, on iu over wear’ equal to thetof glass. See Datsase. « greeof nss)the’ uae (Phalarisedsconarie under seed ir auch whieh the Grass of Canary aad weil b for cage fo ils, Sinary-eed,gostto food some extent in the cultivated Grind of in maorman atc Bare, “ielninacera Suh e matoratic become England fant but inchingand. Britain, EuropeEerope farts Canaries the of Southern" BNfacineaf Norther e ae urns at forwholesom sometimesta orwlatie Shere At alton wheaten Nous Dalataile

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Californee,ia, n ntnac Souther in aed for grown Teene frgly P,arn Gran ” y r a n a C Eever bane ina abundant source oeoton ‘htu of cone fodder, A atriped variegated viviety la

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(Cary Grass Malaria camara, cultivated as * denen garters’ “ribbon gras," or ladies ace thefameer medica (Lat, namd fortacrat)or an importantCauernowa geoup of (Geis malig hint tumours (ace Tusoen). Tie tenn cancer {sed co be applied to maliynuat eumnours generally, Vie recent gtr research, with felthe wid that of the sersoope, n't a two groupe--Carcinonacaand Sareomal tae tow she uy a ee tolsancer rks, but Une mote faniliar Dae‘cer will inmaybe wiewtite retained ere amas ea estas a pital mor type coating ae of of cells,fate the spaces within irregularly {EEEther throne ine, The form bf the a some sen Snder the microcope, usualy cotespordy in ate da withera oi of the part fs'connestion wie the yinary turnout has Alereloped, al” on isthe dlasiacation of the ‘iteree formaof cancers partly bao Hla eclad ancestumoaron psoas coy waeae fhary the Tips, Rouge, penis, si the tamu Coluwanarcelded er uv (gland ike) sancti theencephatond stamach and intent, Sara opof fara, and ot oft cancer, have c e l s tesa harateriatio form,fin uteachusually tmore or lens Foudedy antler other structurally gly inte rater or‘treesmostaindace of a8th Hoss eamewor cominon prin thmourein the female breast Ube womb, and ertaa BRS olor thesoft sentry can “Cato cance 0 [ted eancer t o " which the celle undergo apd and extensive degeneration into glatisous swe,racedileent fra and of degree cancer ier wely their of growth of inaligiane Eutheliona ie lowest inte progres ag cs tn intsraal growihe wih rive to “grows, gives mally ge eafser” ‘eratively Trgsnm Soll great ‘pki, an ecndary tums itera ogee argapt fo appearstructive eae of the secondary tumours ‘phe yeneral ‘aul corresponds toSl thahow,of the. telepany bakof Ay eos atey igrowaty so that when they appese the laryprogrest of Eveincaveisacecerated.‘Thesesecon tumours ‘re beloved usualy torent from etransference of Inf eanents fo the pray ihe place testing ts soeaf growth or the theblood,’giowth In the theyIyipltfletermnine new Ceo thers tied and are by are wal roth ‘conan sty ie of sera forthe mat the iver othe lunge fayts sultayntost commen atten fiecingthe theearlysinedevelops afgacen een ect.of dseaeeie paregenerally bla theIf thetunuer rey ae iy ‘ternal orga tha,

CHAMBERS'

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attended stingingextending or actingulceration, pains, wotor daeby flatinate aadby slowly La pers ofbv es and et period forpressuvey when justi oovur podtedhealth;or the nldle kouwn wareauaeto ofany toa to anyetation, fenok tnatory taceatle disease orlval other Knowa coneltational disease, wich 4 nye oF serofla. Tho beprobailitin cours increased the tamour in one of aethe of balstoal nents of

death, are almont a9 varioun aa the

thefaial sue without any pain whatever lex and ‘hisery which otherwise would poison the miad for “Phe estantion of cu For tee remarks apply: sill more erpphatically to colwcure proulem, “Tels ate befare mille ie, and Acer thie period,Thobecome increasingly frequent aeix the unguided perso who trust to the non prafen, fefrequently advances. tendency tos dovelopment wal tancercurer, or 40 whothe. prevents quas-proexsional hereditary. Tt is more common tothe specialist The sharlatan to old (3 feral sex, becaane tn wont an f e m a l e ieastare Sanda 9 cre remedy foe this iost terable Feinoxt commonsituations; excluding Wie tas organtho iceswe, will invari be fovn to. pronounce iis probably more common ia the ibale ent every thistamour caneer, and procedursy every canoer Tonal owen necurin Aitnations where (Curley indicriminating aadaa frIwhereinjurytherehao har len hoon sustained, and move trtation. frequent {y‘peration, the fallaclous promi. of cure withot long’eontiaed tuunyctr porwona whohave have never. beena Bur here sr corto: Knoutadge wit regard tot siete wit sta tees, pemuaded TE 8teowheenthe mainanel yet disease caer thee are atof theeee cara. SPalways Bee a constitutional eri etic, expenae ‘hat thelocal tanour merely an oF expression ofaud& ea ata aud no small re to ale ofEa need uther Mingo state of the constitution sched, ‘ney truly cancerous tumoury have een temoved netfee thasthat isin rem les of aheases eethe Hlowiy and imperfectly, we the cot of fhtful aad Ahdouted the Sast snajority endof to retuehWelleat hanthe show nlySpencer lente health i otherwar oot sein the growth, protractedweeksatiferings, j and’ Sir nad hat eu for tne Kn tl Bw. {hat intonecraSotorious ostancen personedewereof Fagg hen ey ad atl sriere easly remonal of the primary Cour has disease at noto have long takenperiod place. sive the(Cancer msppomed, ‘ben flowedthereture by'no return af the dscne, Tenet tre wan stad and owonable to cmslute that cancer feat Gineer carers, 180.) Frnt a merely lal proces at last ih many canes “Phe ‘coesional spontaneous disappearance of find ‘only "secondarily beooes a constitutional theof Warranta to above alluded tumours cancerous opm that a mearm may some, day be found “The analogy Detveen the behasionr af eancer and tage hereinpariter Tecan feehaolees,te tubereuloas) ea by Scr cn i ot to te beyond we fhicrowopie it ishaveonlybeen « wagehope; for Aids'ed ty a sinpichn thai sont sich agent aay be bowever, yet, "Ar Double, that femadies many the Tomeof present in cancer too: hut. no posite evilenee everof stood theyet recognise tot al experience, Theremoved ool fret teen founeharaciet in nep ut of cancer of ge being view @ tomour har ‘means core ts cowpite "The ull ‘tthe tumour by operstinof thoor Uy dseaye eausticnthat therein emo e g a R ‘haerve that vc not al , i! nerastev r AteNeymara mari, iof nly a in the earlita tof avenocesfal roult; and. ue Cason” swelling or ela of at tt portion of g r o w tin, ineuling tructure fw dfueiailammation ace wither fewling deteribed.teenie by a previous proven win he ot fr diagnosis, to RRho secondary roth and, lywhenthe geeat the.' patent major of iv gucl,thatfe lwconsidere ‘ofHealth aurgeoks he aould be giventhe chaace al Sein agedapermeOptthe question often reglven iteoa foupded fie, of chances ofthe faletlation a into data, andtataoly ofto hebo taney great eg Ent fireynumber aclof eonieting Aten the progeet of a to the afsatepoof Seely eneral att "Gperaionn tea aa well rete cntgreat fe terri evden EPfiomhhere sometioes Dat daeune; tatermal of or uhcharge aroma a profs anmay exhannny oleErteraal oramour, removal te justify unfavlebie dheaeremoval five measure,For vehthe under finmtancer mie of of eauceroue i other tomour, ace TUMOUHShi eae more he Tower caneaiaae hat unfroquen, pe ‘Among utvertieleas rare characters a the ave’humanmalignant Tetting’ the subject, de in Giinee, and. passes froin it into. the. surrounding ‘Sinerved

hegue {Epiprota UERCHof DROS «= hee Root, r Cance oer the e Spe , wagittona}

THE SURV

VOR Vol.

1

rosin baat 4.9. atute mative of Northte Ame The whole {heas enjna of tee st in especially With at conjunction In neous end Tider « themedicine have fared toAmerica Sci its i beierel Norehas Antiunder, americaanne farnous, uae Jie byforapope , sumtimes atthe Sane oiler, ulPhelpan tepage i ne al an anfuron ol the Comma Ie Orobanrke major pative unof theBritain rtf pt, parnaite oui of“todEurope, plantar Iepunsinogs. other" fire, ployed as a detergent aypleatton to fost sorexbeed ‘Candle, tlosiaga eslinler of was, parathu, oF fattyfa atten, w central wick, unt intone ving light "Th cet raw’ materials employed tt unacture of saniles areandwax tallow and apeciaett iene more expensive kinda, pall ‘int pasalin for shone fa general nee. Canes tat i tres bastingee earl dipping, andbywass-oee, inoue.” Gy The method, Dippingture iv mall employessnutess inthe eaveip* pf candles, tlloe dpmea andof theSsbishare abet when a langeinadeatgQt dame s ‘Thedese bulk tateal Botrealiyextauishe the andl a we ace made by the thind metal

vConsumed in, mang. Inthe”Ae present. lng portion ftw canonof day are. compovol. Sette ofi fon, Srither hee SESE Ee tbvtstes teens et steel Bee canis ae ost lrgely aot weit “Kington, bet on t h e Continst ting aod ae persedade ame for wears ard erate paleilscide nd ictver ere OBL Brice ae Taal ltrs of enced om iethencle t oeue tathc’Ris Uatee "he telat ined e Soot Bolle He elf a they oceur tte Stearn or galiitin, an the liquid tein.”tata Thsa a atinpatof a senate Bee lao aa Sa tise, ae Cla teen cheba ay, glyerto tr aponiiable fatowtiae is to maj, whes heated srith'an all, alaline earth,asapor irtlic ridan West mame of ale tema Spc chhteet hon(Pater"Wh botto tka ted, the SUS when an feline solinee tine""Wing dietion, totale wepty Sian. elay’fdecmnpaned ‘helen of wpbune ac’ mealpacafstyohne hele proae Ian” co stuf tReet: Ram les inare elyeora. eae’ and gees near hdon end ‘pete EAL Chl jad et Glam,

flor bla discovered, Hut ho was

idunt e Milly, Yoin seid GE Avltson ane Jones in 1842-43, which showed how

"The process in aniostfattygeneral ue(inital or converting nteain} aide glycerin fatuint andan palm of tosture A follows. i{allow'ictedy"ae called vowel copper. a in digested. tm (about quantity ‘Sitecavewith , ater and a wana atmo eight of pressure under ime of per cent) iApfeton «dato o production inthe rele the and aad a mixture water") {aweet of glycerin tn com: partly acta) oleic not ater, paliities oflation decompo ‘nthe weed le, Slabiomhewiththe contenta of th autoclave are (rane {trad to'e tank veence thee “wwect water ac atwitha aed high temperature, eleShure then dd andwabesguent) hed ter coupaune cuatias Sr dip chal’ "has apse

397

stage in theold proce intheaf theseparation by hydraulic Presure and ot, guid olele aed orn Uevole’) soll fafattyune acid” ‘The ole ac’ (tecbnially chiefly by wool workersCeachoially for fing the: wool "The aolit T a t y a c i d e Stteain”) in described now reudy tnfortnployed te candlemeker. Tho races h e r e for the man iste whais wn, etre nd

stsuin UaScapenked e hardertnd anaaoe oxpennive tail toes a B papal Glib fae gellarta ont ty "epodieBtien ett aie Cadat ‘Fortfn Thi mbwanee sath wan a8patieal y okeyen ocr cp aatlemaies hea pdacogybertlan ite‘be ames Young covered "ty in tbeow dauation cool at arfow tod beat I producedSe fBaie y StutedStaceyom in aepetrol, lange guatatic in Germany. srr gagi ol row a andr in [E'ScE Roles “Guantiie rom angoo, ptr:con Ket” Grade: pafatin (techniealy‘ecale"} Spe a is aie a Sit paratas (sat G y " natcrmae, SSIS smal ropetion'ot ol, the“ant ebeing Sparta rey ple ater, nointo Realy cared ot inthe way nicole heAS works of Prices Patent Cunile Company, by Tires fir Hodges, The sede Hn fdSine dha inclaotwichLegeae abtthw Bed pial teibpetature sufficiently highnoto How ‘elt aay, the oftSu Fin ne elt pra ere {feutenant wh tary or olderspain, Hak whi ead a for8 eat ne Moulding Moding —eforedesribing —Beforedeeiing theth manneeee snMolded, which stearnparaf, an the candle the wisal pated see" stnton Previous Beaten wi alipout alleen radar fs ve to fecha {eye npc consumedbe removed wick sanding inthe utr He me ato by ating Sheu fomonicittnmnent raenblig pat ‘tchnorm with «email fox attached to one efinthe HENS” Wud ealuted ie toh won CCC iMechel n Frege ir WeHate?Oy comtnniet Cambs) toe a in Beals Soh atthe Raed eran ces Fiefote being usedopt the wick fair i steeped nara in w solution of trea mlidn being (o allow of tho regaler, removal cag combulios of the ah the Si io ute ileaey’particlen Bat for this treatment the aah Soe tanpole tho eeny ntlon tf ="Rho Rea madero aboure candlemodiog ashing in, bothcho nett Ste of ere vestry Tesla ant Ameren, inate debete neh ata Elgon txt apa thas oP SSNS""Gat E"tap pone othe end Hseboxy to aadamepetly Sectost SUS ase Cea hee ine Eastin daaand traio tape,the Teh Sods tpaph, atom of the ox,is areSk dielter holea toahect antthe Sletiecath, Seca Atl wat bo ple uteaid" walehie ea, Cea tn ho the ng {aieeit avingi datasln saci the ee bythat6 Athe antable pion or xed tothe framen so can be SrSUBTEST overl EALa Fata; Under mckte ttethe. wie heed Me tiine Seu"smoalds cm itemaybeforeach mood danr es ala tapered tate,ay onete end o l n y continued tne Sows Shere’ the gar of orthe mould asl ipte which Ee'up o f t h e endl {ut male atte fos he tody ofthe meal but Tet Bray Rll fo he uta pe of he mood forthe toheed ho caneowewater fansire.fake te, pasthe {Ru"Sp er of ehdtsenth ieabefablebog bard tothe ton tablethe so‘thar hat fae or lowered {ipl Teapungtrand fo lwered ao,cuesthe onto tps thoethe Wome a free the Bowls “loreseGo ltt wl holehe costo throug wi,ath an Fiat lg eng TeassoarUAWeo bo Nowered en ninight theand siccontaare poithe

CHAMBERS'

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

the machine it is neceary moulds, twoTo complete ‘movable clanpe to hold one vet of Weave

ct la iaanes iectcise ingeens rn, sfocal ioc l ry ac ph Se eet cel eee Neeedk ih the EE SES? ese amar see Se ee een re coe So meth a Snel Sy reg onan as Late ffenal ly ngtt fc ea Site oneaka ean cele ti fra ad in ae sie cael caesar ae ae edhe toe ae a, ere Beg ei ea ee i fe i se eenseaUli lacie ae sat n le ae fe ia tee le as ae at Liat Ret eal Cot cae aang ee Se Geual very cattemanr Wiens wal Ee ee cues ES es ape tanmart eh Foner opieeg tase een fee wth ete ca Se e ee ee ee Se GaaMee mcgpant ests Grass of tsGh oe coSee AiNes o6 {Scales Nae, eae © any a ER ath spied Garg "hee Ghumca and ihe pala whichgene! the anhead ee See See ont TESA se or a ete oecee ee ACHAT RSS gente ney iehah reaeae RIAL Sle allt fe LoLo eee ne ene rereASgitr aes ges SO ea al er Sny Sra ntes gue aeeeele ee oe ay Sar Cattaneo PASS Se a! San are ce eras Spe set Sytapasas dorses hes SOLE ears Rees at Ye Steet Poe oe eee

THE SURVIVOR

Vol.

398

1

sted for te a time with the regular employmenteelof Pete tne, ite rastobeaodtreatedalteratives,constitutional rf Pulgatives Good fod, ra Ee neces an ch many’th eases, teatthovg {ie Sncase, “Unfortunately, abjectst toworse,every "Tue disease pouible treatment, becomethe Wrowe and spreuls under ete Tata anne pal and lactenen tbat the aalrel dew Other cagce agen donot get remain beter, atathoog’ the infaamation sub ste, bit tandstl; and such bores, SENS ‘work ean fora youraay or tw. rowed, ny dow Capiltatre, » medical formerly rap, usedprepared’ a0 by atari, ehroic a tot ‘ling rugar and oreageower water a plod SfonythelnaSleobar fers ow tore generally favoured sp

Fe ey ke aoe ae ied reper a Cnn lnm, gun De oe ceca of gold with other metas. ‘Thaw the gull of oor lah

crt tht ace as there

carat us forging din and oes pecan

Acids are {0°31 tay grain, an i divited ht quartert ot , so1 HCCapric Caprote, yOy ACEO, the lark aertad by Capryite the scetle dr and lig otuc ese.’ ee Uh BT HG, E140 and are membern fy carey ere thof gu en

Ee aioe ial he gr of hae anual

log meer wich renin cntlbe wich the wap ssc and tciling ng ahaa otoatifiportion

ctlpiurte ala” T2 Vaud PRS th conven batyie alongwi panesthanoverea,contain, which y eing b win, le Tid one mtbr fromchine brgta ofsls,hehe arenetteparalo {Sto bycaprithe ato e r e ' dc TADQalgation and acid; sien by sed lee of il of ue “upon Goqueat by ectng tio obtained SHED ite hence acid, tne fuming Salk a seo nc atutn,CaprylBet’atn,acidandforme’Caprat Tiled Dutes;che Uaprosie tale, g bariany containin thice he auch ones, Erorganis ah and ide of le porate the

Eveathectat wi sed gh ares a aon fo 196-in Florewee In England ie ts 2030

Arabic girrat frotn the Greek Aeration, the fruit of

MBERS'

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

combinations with the alknles, some of -pazposee the 20 “divinfecting usedearthyfar stances falledcactolates uiNed with only probably ting arial wel, albumen, acid coagulates carbalic destroy in wolntion ethera parades, fermeatation, darren tila ogee, ad rests, ling hittcaction Owing ta these valuale properties neto theaacavitywate ely Hise decayed infestant.RuchApplied,relieve etal fn of of =ontachi AGL ot be Te moot nTaken mernbranens SEHOS on'the the mouth. the tatestorof to touchmueous hipwed fatermlly,poiaon, concentrated acta ofmy thean ietaat socompaniedcarlolic ty a ackl mandi the getion of emetien preventa whichcartolve stomach, tm doseoF aay ‘be isgivenglycerige eiddiaclved Medicinal, grains OlGrater,ove to‘Seu discs ANnisePric SUMGERY.

eae

ee

‘Seuss tof te clean Duldig up maa

Used been leo aasought a weiAare ght, "The theorgatativeof the worda Ciba Tite thereto other element which thio namsootof the ke spate of pt ped el Exyhrina’tby orinicn, or sora-tiee, the of vide itis aad, werevery equal iniae, and were hacer toa! ted for weighing wold aud precious sense aah st Stetdeecet

os cota enveged cre sin’ Gor one EERE, Wis, aaa te it sal eae ore aoe cetenes ameea nce ee fetSO dessin, eee caeea teee pei ess eee Bee ra ae ietae oe [ones nate apne itetel rer fae agate oanscout nm Shes igyng isees uae panes Ear cet seek)be Beagrie a et ae Sense tear Lead shoe aetatian ta aie "ae arbuzotte Act” Se Powe Ac SOee i alee el Ae ares cries 0

SIICY Guana sin tea na oeee inoue Sor Apne aetna alton,

CE

sompouns

seeche ci iaen ees ieieatian iia raala Pceai ger ae cen esra Getanel eee a SOG UTa eone ya tation 2 Ser pins nae Cac aaece Gest sae sie tidiie uma at shale nite dome A Sates at SEEN A

ew at ad

Heelies an eerie:

Se Ivonocanms arbullydrogent,_ Sete le es, ae 168) C,HLOH, is one of the most important substances She cea Se team eat ROSE Sah Garr

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over between 396 and $74 {isbe

FFoten act cet Hrporseutng minate a iter clona or needle, buroiog, taste moons thatpink, of ereosote. By olherine exponre toMure the aie eormbiig iTe bevonte bat not water notforeadilythe niea forming an oilygis’ uid, which18 does abouta olution.volumes.Carboliehave’aedbeeai Watt water trith Uitea, wea it form peeste,to bewhich-confouael “cree cideinerand parse an with olour somewhat wed, ax ealy to" can,the beliquiderystalised appliessubtascer Thin reinarh these of ther guid incarbolie has no action tromon” polarised ight, thie wei renpactdillering reat. Chrtote acid ia Teully soluble in alcohol ether ica ad Shorofann, eyeesin, olive, aud” volatile oll matter, witha volatile alkaloid ‘arieties are not caily diserimibated the “rite ‘Ritvoogts cadet an ald, forme bat very” weak

preg ely Sac wc BEES tora cbc Sst aalee Feat Frat iecee Te et Monae te wt nc Bahn tadinhe ote anrtnes Snead aye ean eryaceeeraaee

THE SURVIVOR Vol.

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399

otaSSP ng ce comers naman hb PASS ca bare ines EaGeetaoe ce Ge een patrnt‘when worsen wie erly SS itn eel eck, eedan STRhe Sag sia, Gat Seek te icc crteer am at8 Ntet Beet fie ahl Scr iconsiso ye ge iA cece eet amet sonhs onri cee ica ech p a t ecg robSoupigaente rm Get Susana reePedra, eebeeiaaaynN Petar Reker eeu Cita “acvn ict mete Saunt Shinn sme ne ela gto’ elf a id eee cecrmnacir as otSe entrance e p s wa ee ee cca abe Adi ase Brn Set eran ate mean ite (ur decowaea ear “ee tS Sori Sree oh eis A aerrons aT eae ree in Sn Soe eerie agaa arrenairie eticic hal hts thie purpose pair Forof earl lemost'in foundto HeerttEo Peas Caine incrustation hart and a tisaregalvanic, apive roues Gart arr suited y but,in haduwing18 an udinirubiy ecmsnes ides retorts fthee co Rame G a crit imek ca devised aeae, “enue carbon, erate tate "The! earn by Profesor iiettgdtews dae ott ee Ser apy Oy ee a oe bas iets He “oun ea" the ration of gue bee ceared the a cr! ee g n d i e n w OTte Set l e o al d le d l Hat a p e soe n i l n l o o o a a u to salhair eta grol be t foaurben iirebeldoc‘k i.e ubtatoilnetdhc.ougrwhicahrd, matyis s the odues st size rene"A Ue fyh soaked in thicfkar paono cael aches J eT ruratlioowred toindrys uetd fAoal Mehseoanted oaeveHn eptaintt tme this mayS beveopeated, care being taken tolypre i‘ethenact duecnt iter teat s nfeo,toorosts r e a m u clean l ‘oncd ar conucveiryor dnfoeléctsroinety i oletn a,rsetr ai ee arene ier r yaaratteetorotnieieey to ntdie eae aauEufkaocritaae ufLaccihare a F Eine ea,lea a s ai es e ve srelh atedi or Acidulo Sui tunig ates s Cart ra aseintous theof Waters honta e anteCarbon ee hog eruical und

portin it isof mixed find thatthe when spreventa Gardener eal,with which theof planta aouring Sars us thetothefersfinerso varteties Solngudo for ae nowadane mich inchateau, Mido ot wich contain n organic of ater matier, tne pareatio the bu evensinglassHiquids ovesof the’ mater, For decolouri suip'rem Racine af cut | Theveryvarieties black i’ peferatie, ly” withta soowiderab difer store, huentoned aaLone’ with" whieh theytheyall ‘eombine fhe"fendiness yeld Caylyuie but CO,whenoearmed Guygen Carb ACID}, . Cannonte , SuiGride artene exile, ofCO,ain, de called ier iteother supply only 9 lnited ned fehen i es ale wut Sihwith Wititsbeteltur oxide and. ouiplorote carbamic forging Eohguride Ths Be WSO. BO. OO TS

divided They. maybe an natural wader are treatedwader of Minced former '"'yne ARE‘Rerated aol thelatier (qv. Water Waters (a5 CAR: ofChoke Dioxins, c DE,Acid,lo Caxsox Carboni or Ait Fixed called ANUMYDRI sos constituent of th af anormal“it. forms existe Attn “rivet about which of e, Mimedpher poured ae t i s of quantitie enormoun While pert nae n of furnaces, e onby theof repratio E bythe atmospher Itind our in fuel combonti e h t for, roportion scanty “Pabe) Thi acid byto thevaryt leaves, carbonic seem ss"piants for tho carbon iuocesary obtainheythe remone ftna"ther mfg of pet ermal efrom inlen atmorpeadhere end’ ortherebyania! ke pew the Cartons Drodcod, sliale Eee aggely onae he wontafs, wx carbcarbonate s in dcombination ‘ein Hine, which or are’im the of alone, GUetibate combination with mag CACO, either the Dlackband ironstone (ca dolomite, nesium ofan iron, FeCO,), malachite The(basictarscarbonate Eonate carbonic inh fc.

eee AS ae ee elWon’ snag (arse. and ape te evelved mre of leo largely

CHAMBERS'

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

as bei of mowtlime of is theinterenting ‘Theformbicarbonate Time vente which n i the Whethe thei Sinking water alcarbonicalin, atmo impe guated catedwih with the gtseid fom fomaber Fspr of lime, whet CaCO&y, chai, or esrbonate volvéettbe becomes thus sod blearbonate, « forming maybe water carvonie hard wate Such wnat when’ thesoluble, soften na t iting) Tonge readily Jape as lime water {thecarton in water me ead AiSalution of laked or Kat w foam afThunthe iaa) te latte be plnced ina wine-gho, and 6 luoge duebo from bo thewoiceds of expired wilair eppn streami, atarbidty eady ‘owe snto ime.” Oa soit of eartonate of -dlsolves {ing theto formation this Up, ths caruonie-asid blow,solution { cleur obtained. i benslonate of can fins howe of ver fon, y Owing. when takento ite1a

Enid Ehown, have with come which into moseous tae tainiy deeon case ths. of Secoust of an ofcid theof guuae carbone adisateredthe Under Shey be drinkin fonn Wading the fntable (Be wooufcil LTtalE 6 sghnateseaof ti inxeeing the Tang "Tne catbonntes positethenmainly,whlch thethoy niedsinal properties of fe Ulsan, ae alatea EelSting, she oda, pth, bing and mings at aein magosie sitchin" Welng non’ well in bicarbonate, fogni orm St the which GooTRLud’mngucein’ and spereat proper pootsenlower bothoxide , antec Oxide sthby the format of CO.CarbonTe “Carbonic Rpresated RAPS (qogr and 18 of can by welt Ta pleTt de ait etary occur not onygaat of fous ep iein fae wihpecially ye Ineat? lea repBiniog laces “end tei stoven the combualids of the fel at te

the air of carbonic oxygen the grate Tower thpart choof cazbo Yotp form thethe fuel of nica ed: ‘cid, CO sein gag of throagh iw on ot

see eter carte cae pata cee Ses Sec eaare pees Serle aime

ty"al"anines lange, but (¢¥-) also stbifaci the water from tho ‘oxalic ald, and th Uy the “ine not DuringOnly "theby the Fermentation fofegetable beer or or wineaninslit Ustatters liberated,give while. decaying ROH, of potash,of potas, a solution foivad pus, acidthrough lf the ges i carbonate as fxained is {hecarhonie oan, rhe iaDedeooespopudaringprojuionaguiaet Ting plantain the givemghttime ‘Thin fi b a s e d om the feck thet plante offdaring eat Tonge eid i the dark, while hey absorb it thethe day.eringPlanteneo,also iterate catbeate seid drag but the taal noun frontgus these two sane i aa v e r y amally that mingle ovate Yat on Destbet 21677 ll to biurner will siiate he i? uf a room more rypily than’ The prejudice tise on largthee collection carbonic noidof plants Uheory sere Rheefore ‘cf combuntioandn at ouce etingwiaben ghled foram aid Carbonic groundlow. practically {obo theo clams The.af tals, culled carbonates andthe buarear Binater Uiearbonates lifer from of tightaee aiduarcotie of opprowion «sesuation aes i containice muchcrate carolefyad proluces pooa. ane acla ultimately ani head, Efe Gell knowniy used thein into manyeuch compounds t" eter, chemist, 1.00, nny eth be rexariedBaten an consisting of wed, Ifrganie Te of which fe trea as bear the while CO,; aed, carbonic “ind gan, proiucer Mander“ NEO, TRofate, sahio wey, would (seobo J's puncipal ingredient most important and inthe NAg0 4 represented To's 400, in or the shortly, BNaHCO, Fedutiog agent fn blast faruace proven ead very yielding The bicurboneten. Souk,the Soda). carbone lowingto calledBery from the and ewo prominent seid, carbonic of nolectle extra Tove symptoms rodney, © Butburythe 2hd"52 parte of ofygonby gravity weight of It in1329,n very {hen the ordinary carbonate. or the carbonates alm clodly alfa ty "Bott Carve that Uf potash and of Stony see POTASH, TOW, lense gen having © Specie

1

igecel SS feel wing addy and berkewith ee

eiivisg pa warty Pate ol eens Apert put a {his ins wntSulphide’ of calcute diese Ie anal dowee i mets anata Fretutjene; acon imi esbisnetSoy Scene sifted sonsently od eazy (us) ty a Carlet eal ‘een sod tusceen Hytb thiscoastonl means it ie aadyp ESE{Gms tapi Spanwithhdc eevee, Sta the Pain ote oe featy basen ‘Garburet, Se “Mydregea Cansioe, Canso. Garpuretied atten, ta oSrberctiod Byaraten a d s of asies tod nydogea. Than, cartarted or ono farburettel i» the guscous und populetlyhydrogen,Enown Ciiyaf tases gue aod comfre:

ia aL“gee pachestat carat (evra site soe ed BESot

capeles of Barat certain Gaspecien of Gardamoms Beabercoa a0 4), tho pactculy perensih,Se abundant Bg ike’ ref damonsum, eit hy most Malabar inCoatthe nga capetesan orate conta numerous fakedTheednchree-aled wc rm pagent ica, weaker t h a n pepper, and with pecilar Tie"dgrocnble taste, "Onascoune of thie coda fand stimulant propertion ‘they are employed ta ‘modiein noerallyWood to. i qualify on other medi“tt

oats : ‘plinca thehy ed othorstublating armutign nn” BPM CarmineMaine (Arabisothe Kerwce) ‘ane in the red tone eolousing, race (ne uiNzAL The meth b y which ie prepared igual to havemonk beenat sceidentally dincoverol by © Franelscan Pana while compounding. tnalieine ‘containing eocineal aad a 1658 proike manufacture was Leyte. ‘There wre saveral fates byAh which caring onaiey be prepared al of SiG ter depend powleredthe achineal with boiling water, exlasatng ting th Por antacit Sater minutes,for ten10. minutes, add 1 ox addof eream02" afof fara, foreat 1G gently lam, boil for 2 oF Stninaten, and xfer allowing Innpusties o nettle, thethe cleat clann glam tpano-when carinine fguidslowlyi place separateste

feeturingatin procean’ Ca solutions spit ammontacal ‘Hording a ready ealmeans ofCpa detecting Ue grin presses ‘fear say and “freguently added to the contlypighent, “Carmine inacand mont woolbeautifal pinky red, sought sometimesfor coloag uscd dyeing? hat ore fine confections and not dyeing feathers and artrouge. anksown 40 cometc [prepaced with"Thereshuminay ast Important art ‘cblou, are veriour other known unde the nameCarmine of earmine oftinctoral which theayenta ‘commoneat are Archil 1g) iat Carnie Ha tals aksis of tag adugar Soy CarleBorgham, dined Sorghum tum theoo juice ofthe ot Chines Sedharatum. da {farob, a Auaanons: or Locusr-net (Crolonie ailguay, tree of the o d e r Leguminoae, ul Sri Csaipnina « naive of the Medieranean What rencmbles the apple-tree, butWhichwithhave two abruptlyoF innate dark evergreen leaves, Tiree pair ooff coralay large ovalthe lealea, “The flowers tre Aeazidte fait iv a brown leathery pod 4 to 8 inchesand long.at lsta spongy lide curved, abd. py con ‘eining'sflthy and asealy ofSf shintgg anagreeable in hiereembiing le aumbet brown sweet seed, taste aivewhet minal Hated" teaus “The'secds are titter an of 00

Carpets. When andmatter whereaf theconjecture eariatcakine wore made cau only be aninta covered with forwouldand implitad plant stem bo Such ao hove of rashes, all grablity ‘wed as ath mats fa ogeristy prohisiorie tines pve Sirt Wilkie ‘ere found at Thebes in" Expt {tention to" small_Tt ancient brought from Egypt to Englands fe made hag. of woollen threats Homan, aoe aft

taitding andwotsleeping onthe nuited ground prov braoght ate dae Hor coverings to Pera ‘Castor. “Even amony th higher casera ‘arpet oosttate the whale furmitareaf roomy Raia Gov oftay sland Finesees ope, fabri ba aof ‘taken table «carpet. Persian ‘i Ki ae wy Ry psa fr te Sead eTiudt lcm states They agethatof hegostfor darablty. 8 Murdoch Smith of the chil

i fi iy HEE if

uta aedtt se aaa tt haa oengee ‘flor Some time" the stall noughs or Secoresia ofthe He lye eal pen din unt wile pec SPEeosin’ easesrgnnof x to'sbunceholyomasonidneatorng tue‘ltr Uae dpe tn la

sea ebro ama as ws gett ol earteony pecans

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

i

aia carom gt a i d Sietndi thie eh cette hs sri te eeret eat

CHAMBERS'

it

THE SURVIVOR Vol.

Spring atall oldrnpectively Pera carpet, each ‘1100, Fie of$y. 1885, 6"For ives feet,two other brought £50) adthe ‘also of email so, sum ofthe£1800highestvas obtained. “Aboutpald £50in Per i tlt {o{or besmall price hitherto caret {ovo of Goupite ise! ean by tarpela tarp it theKennington the Purfoie PorfotioBf aoa, of Foran Art,i.ThPenian inaued the South Crpin foi. Thowe ctconsposed ta of ction oa are age made Braneh of Cok iety nadetwoio Beogal andstripsNorther Ina,anredand andare Srually"in colaured , auch as welghtehe formerly (although andtheytecwere tase ‘ce often farther orpameatal with agina tberenderssed wid pulp cele the podeclassesan ‘rata, bat the aveet yoore the. t0 fen" of actisle Finjortant Serta Gouin which thepressedteafor re ga aregiveneven wlth fodder thet Se they ype, an They tei Terkdue’ the fich used bythe Moore andhomerArabe,and, cattle, ‘They arefor for foo as valuable” to ‘rbich theyani ereave tho much imported employed tataia Britain the southanderof Europes whic nasne inand consethat Beane, have receved theGt'StfameJoharof Locust read they" {Iuence of an ancient option or tradition, ‘tad other ‘meritorious qualtiea, "locust the thatthe are locust truethe (Inet) the not ever, theFigdsigoeaberbare tn wlred the ia Baptist the Joh uf fowl formed ‘which Klan inacog Bhropen [im ie norms nore probable that t h e y a ‘wildernen, ‘carpet loom those need In Perla are equally isd the "Isha (Kenan) of tte parable of the Pro make ofthewhich gpie gentlythe tive, Carew ‘are madoin Casbiae An tomarinds, tae Ike Sinspreserve Shea fafob a Sperient.‘The “carob-ree isextensive too"vender for the Sinan Fa eel al introduction itm ht Betin, tlinmteof gegen thet Ser {to the orth of Indix hawabel heen recommended. tei te c a e fg Hae woe he produce a extremity rele eae ats Ber ‘Wood i fry wlth vated,TheandtheLooosrbark ras and he eae Geach ane tanning for uiel are Teoven Sea iy eae arial ores (Gfve} of America e quite distinct fom this

SAPS “Sw arsTauect ap a ey ap Rs

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CHAMBERS'

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

‘These wre at oftherire, same which time aveformed into lylopewithby fnmodiata thedrawn.imertion Fig. 2 ahows m nstion of Brave carpet in which these wire are shows,

Fig LCanet Lona, Cozens they are more purely geometrical thancolourthe Pensaa ‘designs, The arranytinent uf the usuallythe ‘opted produces a ich and pleasing effect and fate fram ita nae of cunstracion and areepcul ile extremely durable, "Turkey enrpeta Fhute ‘Thorcerpet at sink,ofthe near Kind Smyroa, in State Minors ugafacturel from sade 1255 til 838 8 Hogland ae" Axuoater and all {aiighlyanalornamental extent at Wrench Wilton, carpet, au wel nachan some of theof an thane ‘Axbumon and una are aie on the me Polder Ridieiatr ar SthmateCrys theto kind o f machine carpet. baa mic, an it ‘rdinay® is compened i ps, the yarnrateul ike wortetTying Sith

Te pater on tl i nie pnia mot sowsperfec8 pe fee i cnthe purple ey Pa wou tslayer plyearpet, p o r t i o n forming a npaca fn the eve purttn, except atthe Whe Hower, ive ilo Yar in faut feoedgesthe front to tsei lack tuleTayerm, the twmalolayerwoul tether, threeA thre-ply in three forityermoe arecolours ur sialesby theof snannerule The diferentthe interacial do whieh sete, te pattern Chon tater of beywefla.all wonky they thehave valour coteaf nd wore “Tn thew ection sualvatpeting fies iebefore thatom nfpowerthe toa sm Kithterninster woven ‘withVBruaels asqunrlCarpetappara lnaennged thin iminke ofWalycarpet the wormed threat re n the al Re Ietraven ne a tr of ie See Da tthe carpet "Hume constts connote afoul, of ais What incall aheteane layens oraretek”ah eae of colvared worte yarn, lt there ve formed four, andof «correspondings three feue eurpets sf ofthanurate kin ‘each tuaer fhreadn Of theoe Thethe bent at thickest i the the frnme variety. muner of clvure cpp bt nat eae Teethe Tennen ‘of‘te ‘Placed Traieaindicates unebehindinoften, furtheconstruction.” Town,or Dolibine ami eachof ofworstthem ‘Simtkian about ‘200 rela Shieh manof treads rule tof une col, that being the umber ia earpetnf the unwal widthof BF inchon at hy ithe ingenuity hve or abe

‘anpet w priated carpet, tie on 1Bei, woollen10 warp really yarc,notthe woven fabri, wie The cheby placed on charged sage tram, wrilch ‘i tsaveread moa rollers withof yen, ant thun the dieado are printed ta bande Sumoue" width." Wien fortheweaving paroloured warp Ureade “tre aranged tho. paiternave Spear long Srna out. ta that Stage what 2"‘hlonge, he"aquaten appear as "and whatYn, theare woven tobe pattert Circle as"elipece

Ccarcion Flower (Stayt crit), ly Theymarked, tutcarrionthe ange ia andvery tnaatifl ac‘carrionoftenstench attract trong. ny even ny hee.ge I he dower crow that flower appentcarrion and’ whch Uy ionthese is visitors lAfertaidat The peine effected. {8 would la'also in nome a parte Unitedaceon States toplane”‘Smale givenherbacea, totallyof thedintnet

“The weaving drama them Afhougt up into proper shape, and Beem tena che ackfre,as jepeniy carpe nny be of any vegetable eryothe fequeiysac foe,in tthe wt cae npr Dry on hethe onttary t h e worsted yarne are not only om Sirfase butof in und layer blow i yar, are ee Carpet red made of siniler slacture to the tapestry kind ead alter SreeentpndAminater nth Carpetjae(i.on 4 thesia MMe. Ron on{oe carpets of Gigbytepatent 188 nto ofkava ma use uf ehenile which are Dysparse thinbame. ‘The catwoolintochenilleis at woven ou a loom, ant niga forof thethe well Teor TRE'Tind of carpet the elements Geaga patter exist inthe chenille weft, which somerbae

Rigel gelow fo)onefod adiion of being all,trated tod iTiheay'Ge idamatrned’ Sguin on Tho atttower Sontaina abot per Ss i esin andl fo Sule Tovevar etoaragi ofaster atlover jell, SHER movalsecalledin dyeing

ANY.

Garthaming, byo Caxrussine Thsfromdye Car.09 qalealobtaized chemical procam Serta Ener or Salone (gies Tabs al whlch aad cathaaine aprpefed'eclation. Whenwit newlylelprecipitated calisn TRondanl”or TtWiedyew(olethe aotfabricwe coal a fine red, npuiag whieh iy

Cartridge, & cylindrical case containing the srder chargefoap,onlyaah in the casethatof Cannon (4-7), pore of tall the allt "aye cntted, when ite ‘allod ‘sual of ‘of powder, ongege of tedfanned, forlllerge withuns

Tool by reel

SieTRoecartige ete fatforme cal sddo witot nl rifles 'waa 2 paper cylinder Incloaing lethe nding powder tables df gue otaie tear, Hood

Ret rember the parisonared warp, yarn in the Rpentry carpet? sienlley Raving pile tToop) dows butofnotthis or imin Thewithsrface require tobe formal ft the carpet i x infact forme EF me hei wil me ne of thet. means of “eater warp! croming its huckbone, the chenille Your t+ Strong under fabric of cotton, linea, oF hen Acrate Carpes Tha i i ofdifers exe 2Fooal wich ho es rectly ntact Templeton's patent Axminnerthe inchenille, not requ, ing the preliminary weaving from "this in "not requiring ‘the useandof Seen ara went hoya ‘it the pattem er ia arranged i n e by lie of acemaon of stl pets of 9468 rs Sic Cats Ergo rahe an steno the carpet by ‘Jute the interlacing of linen tothe or jute warp and well Carprtn “Owing that uve is either avery durule Rbre-nor fact easy pernanent colours, carpets tnade of iedyedare with "pot highly exteemad, but they are such cheaper thaa athens arene (al Dandne ua yrs ltialarge their scale)patterns eithery with «loopedbeautfal or plain rarace may tena us anyon Brusels of Kidderminiter carpet. onmeataccountba x innameof which, Carrion Flowers, pu oi fe Pee given. lower of tany apecion of Siay reiark-tltoaun thefor of Asclepiad ex, which colours can be arangel i n a fourframe on developmentofothertheof neutent iho wrne e serra Cae oly eapert can deernine is cellular tise of the ater and reduetion (Quality. Bramela carpet is woven on loom vith the toma arescnuig ignitedvimdifferenti, the eaves; renulting ia «general aspect like at of Rother SMFaoquard apparatus (nee Loa |, whieh ines at the beso Sucked te Skbured sare to the surface the Cactus family. There are. about 100 species, Fattara ‘requren nt cork throw of the shuttle ‘the ‘ll natives ofthe Capoof Good Hope, ‘The fowers oft caeidge, which contain the

THE SURVIVOR

Vol.

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402

sherman st Bop gar pesrmemeecreocca Sei anes ori renin it ne ee Ngee hn ES: ES Ate 2 Bisel cht sinieae te feemit peg See ci Sib eon eee ge ean teal er meg ahs iden of inangegenerbore thetuoiForsamassporting cartdyescsn for motune, ihe hetbul et bela 1 S oneal Tow small ‘ry Sool or wator areexplosive. Knows a»ForExprone

‘othe Boke

oe i gl tle SaoSS Soe ie lei te ihowe on ts ngng caper light ‘20 ge =

hollow

ig. Central. Shot Carte Seton alle) ianpil vavion with the or canteal-fce

Paik ager il guiee ass ikno aickancinees Re Cateagepapencp 2 isan SOCLRn aida ;

aon, caseln keeps iiy Yrom exerting i deally”it forme powers & When’ heated with’ chal compounty insoluble in maywater,be atl haardenicement ng by Sxpunure to ait, which bead as ‘The compound with He ie goed sm destonpor

SUto

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

oF @ l,remaipn of table-speonfa dove alwaye ; while medicine n iit nuoce algae wil more, ile to the serious objections fon the sotbach, “The only Bavour the wiskaees are ite Tay and"be inierad castoril ys.” fae of pea Ro moat But the Savor updagwith glyserine, Cafesor shakes dangrecae the anor fetal capes, holding ae eatin BG or more may be various ana tea apoonful uch Sidon of‘ilycastr-oil "The sdeltaraions uy. com.bo xed the of Several purityTard,ofits itvolume ta ownofineluding ‘he bent fmployedssolubihty File Tes dal fp alsoite ars lubricant and, abwolute tn India Ucshott occasional in Croton-oil lamps. in burning for ae‘CASTOR OW, PLANT (Ricinus communis; natural onder Buporbiaca) ie antive of Tndin, bat now

P*The obtained terme fore iconsof carcin lngeecty predfrom feplants,openand

CEU aay pete ceri ttt SERIES Gt oder ie eee Sm Heetes fstCanetear ce pont hae TE tes ao ace SRL at tac 2 Srnec Seen et rae nhealie SES aise SLSpe esas Sentient Gens ee Ss ne Stesi isre iea,be

from fxo! oll Inobtained l « plant. the thetheol,seeds g ral extractin the arcantaroll of Gastor-ot end bony aterm pein finein held or « hydraulic hempen bags underthis obtained oil of variety bon ‘The se ferow'pre drawnbo aa ealdseeds and x knowa in the cold) braised {iy premare of convertio is the of process tng hinds Case-harden aadnd pressed rally batarei the ene, thesuroca gt eertait maeable von poole © ghwich pel, Intec tery aking dem hr, os ii ‘fered apt'to is obtained, a l o of y t i l a u q torrunt,and capable of keys,takiogandaiaotherbetterarticles polishUf (eoond weather. in cold oroil frozen solid ‘come partilly Rireinone, guitlocks, water thto with hetad a orade e h t caso, Tritt limited sacsare wry cominonly to0 largtreated, Lut IgE (10° Cop wish coagulate, and teparaten object e apie wimettinen process‘ the toia th impartionadtis"Expouore other cheol, Mibatienlight and’bleanios tue’ Giron raitway-hane The articlesare Brat ‘Fan's prooow formed, and extol to redneme eth pondered Fevortal to, bat ainos the itrotection ofthe noerly ‘chard! ‘or thr eant ian, the thalleable on. oftakin almost tcl is forth ‘teleee aon rm of hw Tm akin ed same inanddemand pot thewhich ie When hero castoroi, a Hallan faloatien pom watet SSEAT ley theor Heated objects are’ then conled ta ‘pore colours coldbut drawn, article.” in oll when they are of a delicate Treached when ow Ughtyoll ofa future Yellow fastorall prosiate of potash ve pari of vocanion nadwhat thick quality,Gage.ita It u lgreen, Keats nae le bee und de oe ee atin GFhyeiSletoebrownish eet thatTy heating themcane tesutroge ud Te ape gravityra high forsome ‘i baiand ish conakder n i tis sleoho! vr repleteof a0” withto « tomperata miketble Weis sen" Wheat sgibins wih he a thin, steseldom te hae ‘Redao! other. and Me exeeotin fethf contingan fnchuf sealA very exposed solidrancidbat then not become dose slowly (eC),ail th very Sea te ba oad dry bocomen [othe Ekat every excellent ease object hardeningwy ib obtained between ink ng connecti s ' a warven hards'and ied gta for tll olin npbo commons non-drying e sel, (Lyof animal tater ugh as razped Teatheror hoes PeatFare‘iol a"anasom ontheeryAne {tnd oaneniour ac dimofved tn hydrochloric acid, bat tanto, sickening aod sie g n i t a ‘tnd B ee saul Sia. Ub freqanntly sino fre. from le propertion Repeatd attempts objectionab seGetetn as enn compoen ae At ‘howe pa it an activeproper. o¥tainowe fromite purgetive made tomight ive beta to which ple, Tt, however, without saccom. {Gta wa te Moet Eo d Rito Ac'6contaian & pecbat liysle ON atid alldeat of porgut ve mediince Gi seed inoaio ie entee tte Te eweponfua, it, formar a get

igen by gmp

CHAMBERS"

Castoral Plat (Ricinus communi). rataralin in montcountrion,' tropical, subtropical, andin’ eventhe Was fomaperata Ie in known Weliterranean sowntroa gven tn Palma Chru, Europe, "Tt ie Also found in cultivation in orthers where however,i atainn ti only eight annua.of 4 Undr th {lrcusintances to'8 or more “s warmer climates it becomes s amnall

part of yeast oracting ono when (so Bran, ele ewoct wort, without eavering

and of wines,part bothof thestillUsted » aameIn various Catawba, g Epprodtheat epietin af 8 gone,«Norththe, (atAmerican ton of the PatiCatan a, Labrugé Satley derived havean beenvarietie fomNorebwhichAmeric species tic EnU“Ra s of ted ‘ur Sinesof the“Teseuluiva found i wan a “frat often sid“othechat Catawb The toe it ia Haver” on ecard(ia

gat Catchy, the specesnamemaf produce of thehea skyge eeretion Sle, onof wich oat The calvn, the jointaof the stem, Ae, which pre

Vol.

1

insects creeping ante and iother acceaso ofpreserving vente thehuey, or bows the for t torthe inaecte by whieh alone rota fertilisationotherie fying ttheclal, “Other Caryopliyllacer, notaly Eychyne Vassar, hetaind means of defence.” Theum Tie nucane, ‘Silene N ‘ialeo sometines called

fo tanningThe mtetane ascnploed Gatec an wringent. aid 6 medicinally dysinogf h,commerce sod‘Stecta fomSuma)two chilly ta btaived and Cater (alenla trom Indian Her of Todia,gr and ‘The former ia common in moet parte adhe ater th ropaTodi yt Ale, Cateclaieit Gujernts (and Souther ‘Catch Lut. or fat name the : y t i l iy Known and names, focher form of one or other of these are pate, a foothe tee al about commerci conn hen they t aresome accounte only”in thediameter own heart “according And thatthe ay repre other, but used) i “ rood s utiliser hole ct the woody part ot the trunk it ifuto stallthe cutting by obtained in eatechu ‘The t in’ andwater,sidingtraining boilingto itime, aad time hipay from trea eupfiguid on eicent of otra the hi of allen when or moulds, clay’ into d e r u o p ob Eiteoce to hardea for allowed tar, teot ran the thickneatiawof wil OfSraldayn i nd placed’ntoon eveinome of orangenand which thesioe bats abst commerce appear or on leaves, uke of lp duck browsa i of aInoken Catach in thei, enveloped d anhenastringent taste, asa acd Sher possessesgermaen ICly Overy wrface.fhining t colour and ic dyeing af backs, owas, nthiodo fawos, in the inemployoredar Ordinary ehu euch orUsoalubl l cate commercia tater sci whiehacid, which tanaie of sdeatech {isin composod or buteatechuie cold weer, catechin solublein intheboiling cold in isMaster,nearly "Theinsoluble wate latter can be separated len t I " cea, clr ir Sue, but te he ulterated with earthy enbetances i tone Ssiblifyin Water and Ghol fa aa behind sometime thern hu, by or lePalmaving Catec such ‘he prestaes “Arcos state,of Catecid inoluble the from. Ceylon falled the Bate e ripo ‘lolly muta& afblack, thboiling igor“yell,from "by"ifers Shove, Delroy g fre eatec, “very iut Eilatwhichethct ramblin rarel is tubstance in nee Attucs, Beret) Cantir

‘ngin imported into. Great Britain br eutch are aasoaly from Tae sail of the faecatin the snd ply, guitars, cata, siolion, Harpe, musa other stint Shtrtinente an also‘t the condn ann deed whi Dy" clock knee tren the Faker in generally prepared front the intestines of the sheep rarely frit thowe of te a, norage te,he t. The horwe ‘ind wot a thoae of the e het ‘Operation in adherent the thorough cleaning of matters the tn ‘tines from ecient and fatey Aer which they are steeped in ean water Tr several tro Tone oto hs, fan then e-removed by scraping with ick blunt Knife, ‘The material which i ihoe neraped of {play nthe crt of Yate al ck 8 gel rel insering ena maine atepeth then ave investi weraped "The together. intwater, and scraped again, when tse lange teelines cut offor andthelaced tule withand” ale,the ir preserveave thems ttintiler nage maker? intestine are al steeped im water, thereafter {Mitel th ofato 4 gallons taryof Fon earbonate of potash,and seater, wih eccutonally a tle alumi and ave IM aan iththeir expecive peated nace ra om fit ore Into {a destroy any salierent tetter wick wouldIn ode Toad toof sileakive putrefection,odgure,and it thetp customary consequent to development nabject the fenigut to the fumes of burning sulphur=teDhurous ac whieh acts, aa wnThe Antieptc (i),a find ereste decomposition " best stings Cone fom Tely, and ate used for museal but inntruments ‘hese sre Known ne Homan stringy they nee

403

snail in seeseverg Nagten Iallan "About towns, 10thepet mostcent. valuable coming othe Solince strings mandiactorel’ ave Yate. they tw nonin -Uut trigger Eistrumerts become ule afertale beng Koptva @ yen Cord for chckmatern So oie nt opiesemtnaly m arger one, which hate been fongeaian Int several JngthnPiney, The cut.el obtsined ro the‘Spallygastos en mmoan leather in France,Sete andi employedlathi andthe Stine way Yorieing ‘ther ema methine reckoned often Colastrces, keno of edule Gatha,» under Cothstria Arabin Ten, the Raton w Uftect the Aras, i shou highly valued by them of or eto, wewich ate inchewed nan ike coflew ten, io properten nally tat, “hei eateate omg heen th Gatharties (Gr.medicines kothair,sappowd “I purity’), « namethe conggnally forall to purify ‘oon he iterprovamed of sete bythe aterancients mr to ‘Which was generelly ei albeEenseparatedof or esatheowen cite oi See, a £0 feyuire to the dies Ent ‘exertions Bf thelimited body. in Uitimaely the termto athartice became its signification Spee Pargatves(qo.)—m acing ce te,more which are nal tratlation of the Greek work" into’) nwanfor8 “1 thrustinrane (Ge, kathiems, fal aper Ineo rateCathete forpase,tubular generallyPhdbeenor reserved it hae whieh amlths may aie though ruswrwever, wednoe forfo emptying to thowe i'now revireced howe tbe npctngle Ariny Slar, ult Inte thean Eustachian for the former Catheter) The eatheterinstrament. "The ver fafate verheimold ofaungieal Whiaveraccurpulated. capper, wan nubetstted enturya lair inthe 6thtnrgrone Ages {oF aati and econo. obliged, foretal win krethevrnot tletere qed by toal havo etl reasons, "of ade eal exthter ‘The urinary poten, silver ur German TL tachen varies frneedfemgthot from forthe the femalematecatheter he ofmore10le to than or importance, mntter iv fon The inches Thu mont eugenns prefer an nf satrument teat t9 latter the length tx inchen fem let the tity hold wegrientcurve, of anal eee Otiem, beeurved however, intoowe them double and indeed in ape. of gum saan catheter pci every “Blexble Feet. are suade ladtie (ace Hocetis), which ny aney. beother une nineriln elther aire," on stsupported lone fave Seen propo, ae vaiennined tdi Evntaehian ruber in The wee. in generally ane only the Enthete! teeny madewiththe of metalTaseoe iach valeanite, 8 Ui? inches ‘ i n lengthy oF fs ightly surved.along eethe introduced theand Eura {athian tbe or it of Oytheanintonove, india rable trl Bag whichny canbe beforced attache!alongfH

e membran asainmeso thin o thesometi {Gauls postion g tho encomposein farts, the covelopng on we mentioneonsd hereconnected born, mipertit shet ary otof acchid fread the extrndin Shunt atbeliefdownthat1 chilhe Shresent day.fom ereTemaeathe agen popular and fortunate, ut very tunnfortune would tothe beta, [len who those . o t oven brought cast that it "The euperstition wa ag common purchased Ei" the I" pamitive church that "St Chryrostomin it could be tld bythe wath person, if bora ofthe dering. frm which, foul, (Woter siekoeantheor death and Maced Dus relaxed 1864-80}, Saude Quericy Teh eoatury Cand

CHAMBER

* ENCYCLOPAEDIA

s for | in thethe newspaper advertised often aula were asked prices being: £50 to ‘Ei0" om SSigt thereto bowaseld,an) aythe Bh,inetMay" of 2648, oo cently ‘Sed cal m to ent SWerisem years ownerand thirty ta Tate life, Svhveh theranpenaaloneof with the“The owner seaman w all price the place of his bird” lat at guineas Tlellat warn Aaked

and in Caustte (Ge.th em*burning’y wach, aban ain, in Medicine cof’ called Lunar enus flesh ah Skin l thabecatee men (90tie ‘ie andanced in medi aac posh, When gaedandaacusteaunte ceIs fusedin amall atiekeintothemould, ‘ineSthich the yieldsbetan thick:— the causticlead penell, oF rather Jou. of an laoonfinery Teas adjective man ‘uncdjmlime,chemistry ‘latte CaO, a4 ime, pure ar cuvntie tur enue Fett! rom mld Time, he cron canoda Innpiesia, NCO, emai pota, Cava nt (lor

TREE Pfaed, Sopa: Key's

aya are parallel incidentng rconcave themrefoti When rasties. ior point, exif ncpal toleypi . e l g n i s n to tion, refloe after converge, they actsruc, ceFor, aeof prt ae ftir thie eet i Byorounly eaaly ‘ola, any elected ray falling on 0the mirror Ir parallel to the fei bs 10 we Soeas.”whenFor theotherbreadth mirrorof the Yt a mirror approximately tra ‘only in very anal {mth compariaon witho itamirror redioain oflargo curvature. When breadth of in comparison ‘with itees radios of corvatare there i no. dehaite ie cee

See Sas vee reat wg 1 hen e id a Cael parie onreinatc We hetaneta Sei rebee tema np baae a a Pane sy Saenger 5 \ Ea Sy ae preearn \\ Setar Sasi pasa age eseas meni aw Bi goer teem eh end Ru Rien PE arias pe ee a ciara ri eae Tate ial eo ae ee Shel cera Srcrn panies aeel i ne a cee meinen crept hese a tit 6 pata 7 Nt ac cou pete prope parecere e mcnrd spore one ate et 8 Sere tee ei Je ea acts nerah Eee a ict higher Emerg sansrtactae Ae era eae

if

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INUED IN VOLUME2

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404 (INDEX

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las filled with of tarpe: fine, oflenswhichof 1 it fetheld focus, 140” Pari pinta oi(oexny {0Jens.the tarsameof number of Engliah’ quarts) Bya i this ste 4 inches Tong thd of uate Treeswna melted pers werein fiveednminntes, fw "Thee scoand andnik Acucpunet(u-ra'tor. Drrivelfnanaras L a t . ) platinum were melted suifeiently ¥ to cere ninlles tan sthactlyas valaches, istrict lear, for tating ere fat insnoeof ta form omplaints es T t ts grat antiquity somewhat tn the BasteStensvely andof fte into:yeyBavape it has "The Parker” See introduc andthe Unite. States The essa appara Srietariodneeiey whichUw alight rotary move hectare passe to the requitelfor depth beneathof tnethe Aleveant allowel to renin 9 length ‘arg angutes acon to an hourto Jezone Cae Th the from sxtrathte centr, dan, the pratitinery ofthelrfiatnedes travelled from place tofr place, "and Tabled with 8 magnet fubstanice which they pretended ented their insertion pinion.pnctaresWithout anysninate such atappleation, However, te aye so not fle after the ist insertion of the nee pal 1 Gold (pare) 20 ‘hebani aedicseurentare sometimes toe!aimefor distance conductingb Silvertpure) 203 4 Camelian 1075 ed the t o yurte at Copper pure) 33 20 ii death the surface of tht skin, and are sometimes Pian Thal Hollow for the injection of 4 sedative into the (pur) 108 Spa io Usues, for theof reeapyifetion of neurstgteaetions This Nickel” 183 ottenstone 1080 latter hoe was soggeated, b y De Bariron 1012. Shite ed Alexander Wood of Hlinburgh, Selena. 103 Asbestos 110 It is sometimes called « Dernopathic Caseiron Stee 19 12 Limestone 1035 gr Irritationa vesetary stroet,avd ted theto Topas 345 Pamicestone 10eT 24 Snroduce liquid beneath emi 35 Lava piles, Flint 18 5) Veleaaie clay 10 Fuinisten's instrument, March 18, S lass 1862, may"Me bepistonconsidered ype af th Burn'ing-mir'ror. A concave minor, or containing the needles of pane mizors, so artanged as to eoneen. fs austabie in its exlinder, whieh Hols ination toate"The themostsun's eeleiwatel rang rasof these on common ebjeet. of the medicinal preparation. The needles sre the mirrors ‘a proj theough the diaphragm to the Srchinsees, wo thers burned the Homan eet of Fejnred extent andthe rispatie iquid Mareelis at Stacie, Eachwere concave mitt vasit Iiinuates tte along wih the needles Separately linge, and they brought to bear nto the puncture. upon the objett in the eottmon focus. jaRuHracopnctutor, aneadjust 38, 1886the foimbination Tn Pern, previous Conquest, the haa a negating nit gto. rays of the aun were tothe collectedSpanish in coveaveraitror B a e k of fener ot ata which heey instance of the baraing of SRarase, price through the diaplirygm t0 con. ni re lethe familiar chil, Gust the liguld from the cylinder ad the estes of Marellts Wy Archimedes another in introduce it through the skin. ‘The needles 2 are ancefleet cited by the historian Zenaras,apparatus who rerardathe stocked in the pintn whose ste @ is sleeved ‘hat Proclus consumed by a similar of the Soythian leader Vialian, nen he be Tu Oriental cowitries the needles are made of $s Siegel Constanthnaple inthe beginning of thetha sixthSat gold oraiver. Tu China their manufacture i s reg fentory. Te must, however, be menttened Feb ae toe nother old chronicler says that Procluy oper about for te,inches inThey Tengeh and having nay spiel ce ane faba, se’on thisshipseceasion by burning sulphur showered ites to facta thet otaion ater ingerion, They “the by mactines Sve driven in by a-snallTeadtondedamomer Wth ‘ettla, aa canon of 48Milan,feet, made, @ distance parabolic re-fe Hector with fous of at which China sual‘Uy. dopa, and was tothe commtnanicated. to lanited wood, Te fp undertood’ to be the frst t h e pigsician Datel Ei form, though Diggsthe seventeenth inthe sixteenthcentury, centory,e& ‘bast inthe seventvath ‘eontury, Tt was that Newton and Napier in revived inae France ta 1510.of “stvThe andBnglist parabolicof mirrors. withoptielan Dezinented heedles Tong, made ave ‘Villette, an constracted three Knobbea howl 0, faite tutning after tnivors about 1070. "One Lyons, of them, purchased. adby Introduction, ‘The tendency hese, judging by the King of Pros, wr 30 inches in Gameter the patent, is to lave te needles I casters inches foena "The diameter of the focus was ‘the operation is ell perfor ya tbe bout 1{efoned inch. silver Tt andimmedistely set firefew toseconds, . green larArealcedestation connectedof taorpie with a aginge, he whieh trol; copper in inet dato viifed brek aidmirror, Rint 1687, eneth wan Missed” nese, peodueng Ina eneatleat nd‘Thein one Baronminute von “Tehionhatsen's metalic platelengthfetof Shinches in Ttaeflets dietr, Burn'ing-glass. (Optics) A convex. lens of concave rl'baving » foral fee. large tze and short foous,nsed for casing a in silat thato those ofwasthe transforined mirror jun ite, apdkindit tense eat by concentrating the sun's rayon 8 trere Wteconled sate Gpto"n wep ala glass whieh, when Tail hold af by a par hat thes ancvuts ‘ ha globesof glass fofot lack Pliny state pincher, could bemachine deawn with ovt into140" laments sand crystal which produce lt, it anew adds fon made plane mirtoad ‘hat glass splero fall of water di the sanie 4x3 inchen placed in a nme and Separately "Anyconvex may be enployrt as burning Jentabe by tperscorws, With 24 of the mere alls, its calorielenseffet, ax in the case of a tro, fo 5herd common pitchfocusand attom.a distance of 8 being, proportional to the number of myx concen Adjusted French ft, With oF trated ig'a given aren or to the relative crear Iron frameset with 168 pests of pai ookinge lan 8 inches areas of the Tina and the poton which the refracted ‘eetana’ melted square, silver heplatefe wt teliwood 60 feet. Hent then190 mye fal “Rtn 1774, M. de Trodano contracted « hollow conutricted” one on aitilar princi with $80

From the Archives This generation is filled with anxiety and unrest. The commonplace has become fa threat. Our universal energy, oil, whieh powers worldwide civilization, is now seen as only temporary. Many, now, are seeking alternatives to some of the most. familiar aspeets of our civilization. Medicine is in doubt so acupuncture becomes a fad - again - although few know our ancestors gave it a good hearing. Old books hold detailed descriptions of alternatives to aspects of our present. technology. The alcohol engine was developed to a point and then abandoned, Did the then cheaper petroleum put it out of the running for practicality? If so, it is time to look at it again, ‘Then there was the ammoniacal engine which showed promise to some. It never got off the ground. But was its development also stopped because of the cheapness of petroleum and wood? Sun power is a new concept to most young people. Sun power developers believe themselves to be pioneers. Yet, our ancestors used the sun as a weapon, ‘Their varied applications of sun power were far more advanced than many of its present applications. ‘The elders even tried dog-power. This isn't a bad idea when you consider our great eanine population It will be a regular feature of THE SURVIVOR to dig up and dust off old ‘methods of gathering and using energy. The following articles are from Knight's American Mechanical Diction

FROM

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fameat 258x7to 40feet, feet Withdi tn inches 86 rior melted were elas most th and wot was bummed ot 210 fee distance. {nee e 88moderfacesmiro may remarkabl tho moreaf fom data 0 ted Spel te “Kang Desaguliars Dra: by ete tested was Vill by ade One Stn aaalloy of compared Tt was Te war? inches ia diameter ted Harts” iam and fSpper pba 0 acer ate e follows tebwere deca 3 soconde was melted in ‘Tin Catron et sien psny sxpenceof George 1 1,” 347 ‘halt Sate 3 Grits vitred a Sep e oe ee i Boney elsined ‘Tachirahsuson's mirror was 4} Fronch feat in disumster a foeus, 12 fet of shells, picess puoioe,greenslats,woodtea,instasty, Te vbr lightod dis and. crucibles; tolved an alloy of lead and tin lke so much lard each 32one eoneavecenter,glasses,the others minor nalone 7 inthe ‘Newton's in distter; inches tlrling it, ao a8 to have't common focus. The dic meter eas 34h aches the focus 22) inches distant. Te'iteiged brick in T secon, and mead gold ia 80 scouts diaks on & his miteorsthemby prasing formed “eicker thee errno foriner, to givecombination convex constructed hot‘Baton 140 8 ane rirzors, each 49 inches, on aworden offrame feet ‘suse, ‘Three eet sorees to each mie gave Per

the resale was « vindiation TET probabil aadof the eatement fa rogaed to oF thecdjostaiiey, butdistance 24 of the of mirrors in focus ineArchimedes. it push andWithtow at's 6 French fot, ylooking a aubacquent arrangement of 188 plese of plane 6 inchee 150 feel gla, distance and square, melted he lit al vbeschowood er plato at 60at fot,‘is Ginal attompts were with «frame of $40 plane rieors, and onest of210 400feet mirory chon, 448 Wood inches was Kindled distance,8x8ia meted at 160 fet Lens.range& brning-lens constructed of Pol'y-zo'nal eogettal noes tn anes Inthe ilastraton, the ks is sown Fi 37. wit four montea central whic ese"are Strroamded uch byby eight

THE ARCHIVES

405

“Within the cylinder Batmonee, in piston, nd)expooed abovefn tothelplndr the pres ef to packed fe thinthe metal aa peae, inating ho freely ober txlinder ine dish, H e on the race oA tbepases 2, termina iP& stulfiog-ox nonse pleeedin of thewiththe cover smal of ole, thro2 in the’ ylnder ‘rile alpina Bapeeave Q opened bya toddf ax to barker, Shih "boa the eylindens 1B hp tiretextends ction Upon their lower sae, the hot-air fue ‘ound them ropntercap and termiaatingOy inwhichthe chitney Sichined.hase the doit ‘means of force;pump 2, worked by the engl, uanallquaniylaethln Sro the Contenser nod Bost injectedapothrough theol rape fotepinderthe Sieh D, which the ht nthe Seadof ithes thershy fasedepreanesinto theseam.”column‘heof expan. fim alcool. ll in fhe elindr “driving i ane through Se thepsonpramge into wherehas stained highest eles 2,piston the eplinder jen the tion, the $0pave the0'scondenser, opened stwhichthe contata vapor eps Uy‘p er pipeand ofVFin lower chamber connected by pipes epee are sorounded by thefanaeltoughconstantly wretiod Uy mater dripping tot and Thefir evaportion iv expeited ym continecd dee rom Y theiy touting Ay 2, whch is driven bythe the lower toma whieh resnves the I{Bon ng nof thehateonneckig-pipe © he prevent appartin the conduc fom one prt of tothe Sher, The condenaston of te Sleholie vapor aes the return of theo fto the eyinder yaad timer rae cue heatopeocpan oe by k snd pipe t h e are e y tends {fetun,atmotpite previous contents to nating ofthethe condenser rogine. te tewith:the discharge ty which the ‘Sndenser may ‘eden fect

oteScong usefalyldemployed ntouin—at thewed Psi Expotion Wl ‘ofeadaf t in e the rgor generated is tld to be 8 intre

cipal motive romnnlatens ‘ammonia wen applitd ass poren consistof

fee mall endl opoff tqee Lod the attake tenet temo tcreotsy ta otha fo sey esate Boag dare eect Seetocl roped spt tae fgets fn,te flee napsealstro nowy aer oing ‘rundy tbe Sly ledge sasapere nd met BAet epee htc slo of rer tlsHGENSdotcane fehavewokwi ceminlan in asthe odinty cylinder ere ond diten wath ‘Steel wadecole the gus fe oomciela "The pth Seo with ing whchis Einsees nad te ble cielo erred eiusl ute”: thediive, romSeip thick hs opedea ge Seca to SE Sou andi forcntthe itorsngkenwt feeto Sounded with cold enters rain nyt fot tome re a ¢ feaaett oe wel oven pongo Ser Te fred ‘by the union of thre voles etSolomon EyargeaTesranedemnityof inite sonnel ite Thete 598) se bring 1,000. ‘Senaty of the liguid, compared with ster in 75, rotten igor tnof aI S{ouper the 00square gute B e ie 6 per 100 Squire: inch, while water to ream be Bo Kine pcr, mut be heated 2 6 0 " Pot," Telue ofa saponin ur saethan thethe shore ened Fume 98 tase tue eos bya, fly samy ede cele Face ony) aes goer Eien moni waters" dnnall of Chemistry (Preach) gy which nenaspecialand abundant profct fm cera manclactore ‘hat of com gay dinillation and which ofoaks its appearance i the destructive all animal suttances, {found in commerco the fonnin ofwater the of all four solution. Tt is thechitin mont soluble Known absorbed, the temperatare of teeing,gasen,to being the extent of horeat then e thousand

fetlighthotey into obtainfve. tenses of large \) sieSinti forhaving from defects but ight spherial aleve Gin. Walton Bint sng the he rewater ae then

AYoo-bol engine poten in. which the capor "tft of electBa'gine, is mgtedeation ofaseAnthemse machine wan by Rev. Edmund’ Carowrght at the latter end of vapor the latof century. ‘The teazon why ‘the elastic. Alcohol was auppocel to'be preferable to Ut proAled from water inthatthatof iwater. e Wola atTE austtemperature onaierably below {set however, that ll ea ge an weap beof rca alo. HSE net nebe an beset foea of vluele ‘ater, at that auch Teskage ts very dangerouy Ongfowan'the init oftEnglish sei patent, 1825, alcohol engine, vm i a atthe onheiithe ne Wcke fr sme Tie, ate to avenowendengineofot fhthat description tine or ‘means of the inventor, Ting now ceflly extployed ear ax we ee state ‘he to wan Intended to work Up to 2 Thhoneengineiepower.refered ovenof ga capacity, comutcted byof sbercury pie 0, ator theol, whack Lower wlpat Pesci” “A ountiey Sot ach vaporize eyinder,at the 0 axheatto tafillbe theapplied, bas of placed ohe and ‘esr the whole ofthe other

Azs'mo-n{/ao-al Thismetor seemssmeto bestatin ot ineuin Earpinchoato En/gine. sate, but has rosie ‘The machine desribd i th iprotinot A F r o n t Thit anton" Mea agnine* thin Toor to (appear be at work=-or mathe in ‘stion, wo. for it washave

ry

volutes tempern-to fore of 0"of gusto Fabr, oneof ofmorewaten;thanandeightat thehundred fone. "What hatis mostot lowremarkable Jo regard to thin propery temperaaes, the anlation EMawbiy instantaneous. Pais may be strikingly

406

ilstrted transferring.» bellesand filled with ‘hethe gastransfer toa byves contalbing water, managing So that the water may not come fats fontact with the gus until ‘Theferwaterthe will mouthenterof the Sei flly submerged: Sei wih Maka rh pee ae vac,the tdi gusthe otaluble'a gun oe quitewater,fee thefom beltaxtare with aay ‘ther al Sneitably fe biden, The premnce of a bubble of air may rea“Thisthe gaaforee ean, ofthe shock and savebe thecollect bel, over of course ge bien Gel Failed byfh mesos of = pnennatic trtel ough containing mercury.” tanatred i © ‘allow vesel,[tis which takes byup paning not nlybeneath the bell{iets alimpraoned aie unlqahtitythe arrangements of mercuryfo cep t h e gas helapereat ceca SS ‘ste extreme solbIty o f amon isBO therefor, a property of which advantage ty taken for erating a vacuum, exactly a8 the se ject hy Chethe Condensation of steam ‘As,ajubleon in oftheaceomplited other band, promure which it exerting at given temperstures is mech ame atgaa therequires steam afords chan thatand” which cooversely, Apher temperatarea tia ‘tenperatore conden owe a price given presure a than is required.of properties by steamyfavorble it seem poses combination Production ofan econonital notive-power tothe "dommoni,may likebe several of theaadgus presse, called peranent, ligaefedotherby cold Ate temperttreof theof $8.6"C., ie becomes fqaid ak the preatre atmoyplere, "At the Boiling. Dofal of water it requires more than sixty-one emogpheres of pressure to reduer it to Hquefuction. ‘The in of produced th freezinga paoint of Tat saeOyeeectprak bre at stmapheres 38° © nine, and’— atBarnard: preanare ofof fourtca." Foreabs) floor ‘Pain bya by & presure Liyov's prety Ammoniaofligetnd Bogine in driven by the exating ahdis Galy adapted for small powersemponis, eepecially lngines for street cary, els.” "The ammoniaeportable to be liqhefied wea central elation, at which the reservoirs on the car receive their supply.

engineandthe ‘ia driven byiz the force of the gus o the‘Thputon, gus exhauoed into wbady of ‘ear rorounding the gus reservain The aberpion Wifratthe ganderivesby thean waters oviastnewuyand ty increment Iiparted, through the walls to there, the contatawichof theia weight of Dog-pow'er. 1 og in travelingA machine in a duoly which or on, the an endless track is ade to rotate spit, or drive the dasher of ohare, ‘he tarnpitlogy of the Inst and previous cent rier mn with onthethelrindeweightof ant«hollowcommnieated tead-whoe, motion which {otated Uys land to the ait See Ronsrive-daem the walks modem dog-pewers, aa inthe es anima on a endless chain-tack,

totad thevertical rear, rotating drum ts which osilatenan arm, reiproctis given tw lever ant thurtedasher

This selection is from Harper's New Monthly Magazine, June to November, 1870. The first item deseribes a machine for generating electricity directly from steam. I don't know how practical the idea is butit may be worth considering. ‘The second is on forcing seeds to germinate. The third earries the ides to absurdity and shows that our seience editor of 1870 wasn't above a little leg-pulling unless he was just an idiot. ‘As everyone knows, a drunken lettuce seed will believe it’s mature but it's not. I think both the contributor and the editor who passed on it had had enough brandy to make anything seem sensible. Passing over several interesting and practical ideas we get to methylated ether as an intoxicant, (Methylated ether is a mixture of wood alcohol and ether). T suppose the Irish drank it, although a single belt would amount to only an eighth ofan ounce. They might have sniffed it but T don't think so. It was probably mixed pened to pass one hand very near the cloud of with something or immediately followed apor which was fsuing frou the escape pipe by a beer chaser. oFhis engine, at the instant when the other was

Methylated spirits (wood alcohol, rubbing alcohol) is purposely poisoned to frustrate winos. I don't know if doses of 1/16th of an ounce would be cumulative but I wouldn't advise using it. There is no practical difference between wood grain alcohol so if I wanted to try this andI'd substitute grain aleohol I would mix 1/16th of an ounce of ether with 1/8th of an ounce of 100 proof vodka More practical would be to mix eight ounces of ether with a pint of 100 proof vodka. Dosage would be one teaspoonful at each shot. One pint of 100 proof vodka and a halt pint of ether would keep you flying for forty-eight days at three shots a session, ‘That's pretty cheap booze, Liver or even brain damage might result from frequent use of this mixture. Brain damage wasn't mentioned as a problem in the little notice, but sinee the drinkers were Irish, how could one tell? Further along is the recipe for making attificial gold. See issue two, first and last page. I thought Diek’s (1872) was first with this formula but apparently Harper's was. Then, maybe they stole it from someone else ‘This connection between the development of sfecticity and the condensation of aqueuus vx[os which ws for Tong time known only to xis in th eas of the thuner-lond, has since Treen found to be universal. The attention of scientie men wan called strongly to this sul ject hy an incident which ascurred 10-4 en a locomative near Neweasin charge inof 1840. iineer This engineer hap: fe, in England,

in contact handle avcached to withsome w partmetalic of them chinery. ‘The combination hoppeneat to be such as to make his body Part of am clectsie cteuit, and he experienced asuuden aud quite powcrf shock, ‘This incident led to.8 more thor ‘ough study of the electrical yheuora fu connected with the condensation of water, an fe was found that electicity could be exeitedin any quantity by this means. The engraving represents amachine of engine come structed by Armstrong for this pur pose. It cons af «boiler mount@1 upon insulating ists columns, prow ded, as vsoa, with fire-box, water: gauge sfety-valv, and smoke-pipe, fd also furnished with an appara: {us by which jets ofthe stent may be thrown upon a aystem of metalic points connected vith an iusulated conductor. The operation of meh machine aa this is very powerful hough, for obvious reasons its not f convenient one for practical use. ‘ORRMINATION OF SEEDS. Some carious statements have recently been peblished {ermiuationin ofregard seeds toeanthobe extoot fcltatedto which by chemthe {eal agencies, especially by ammonia and oxalle sci By cng them in. lation of he torInvonesubetavee t h e germinate with: or two Jayay wileven afterbegit tohaving been {orinthefortyuoualyeara,and-are then to be plaoted Keptout Coffeare bestsceda,forwarded whlch aoby placproverbal y hardway.to start, in andcovered vessel, containing equal parts ofing water of sprite Of Ataal theammonise, at the dordinary temperature. ead of eels ours the roots will be found to have aartedy

THE SURVIVOR Vol. and even the young leaves ean be discovered by fateful inspection. In 1894 wheat was exhib ted to the German Scientific Ausociation, raised from eoed found in an Egyptian tomb, 3000to 2500 years oli, ‘This had beon soaked for a ‘considerable time in fatty oil before planting. MEAD LETTUCE, Tris said that heads of lettuce ean be produced jn winter in froin twenty-four torichforty-eight earth, in with hours by tuking a box filledslacked been has lime whieh one-third patt of lukewarm, vith earth the rnixed, and watering lias been pretwater? then taking seed which strong brandy in soaking by softened Viously twenty-four houts, and sossng in the forusualthe way. fact, vouch We ate assured, but will notlettuce may be obtain’ good-sized head of than ed in the time mentioned. ‘REMOVAL OF HUSK FROM GRAI

‘The subject of remoring the outer huek of rain means theof chemient apiications continA Sesliquid tobywellexcite interest of economists, Sted for the purpose, according (0 Mr. Wels, is prepared in the following manners ‘Tho with generlan operation consists inwhichmoistening the alkaline solution, i prepared Fy baling for one or two hour, two parts of common ealeinedsodain thirteen parts of water, ndAisaalved adding.in three one part ofof quickie. previously pats water Tble forms hy& ‘heap caustic sods, which is to be applied tenn watering: potSeventhe quarts mass of ofgainthis being tered ofacontinually sla: tion are aficent to remove the hl fom tothe hundred pounds of grain, ata xmall cot, Tig having the property of aiating the tsvex afte exterior thin envelope of the’grain which forms which is ‘The then oper easily douachedthe bypisothe bean, slightestand faction. tion doesnot require moreandthanleavesfeento theto (wer tvetive minutes of time, gra alrite nutetse quale, ince the only portion Temored is the dry woody ball, on the outs.

USE OF CHARCOAL IN FATTENING TURKEYS, Four turkeys were coopt tapas fo wil o real, boiled fotatoes, and oats; fonsimilerothers manner in a the same bral wore treated pant daily of nels nv ance ey bt wih @ tthe fos sn ai arlded charcoal pulverized Ehnatant sinply uf the bamaps of withe tol.thse Alfil slay, fight were killed the saneto weigh aout a ponnal tvth chareol were foundthan the others, aud 0 be ila half each more fotmmach better quality CURE FoR OvEsITY, Mr, Schindler is the latest addition tothe list of persons who Hive wndertaken the tteatinent rnd eure of excessive fatness in the human see This eondition being considered by hiey us a dis tnrlanceof the animal economy, in eansequenee ft whieh the extbon taken ia is accumulated in the fori ofconstitute ft. Diettheandbasiexercise might be texpocted, of Bia ayteatraent. ‘Ag in the method of Mr. Banting, which some ‘years ngo was so much in vogue, the dice advised For fat persons consists of for! containing a lange percentage of nitrogen, to which some vegetables trithout starch, and cooked fruit, are to he add fl, for the purpose of moderating the excitation ‘up to animal nourishment, 'This diet is to bo ‘atied, necording as individuals are of weaning ot lymphatic temperament. ‘The nse of certain, ‘wines is permitted ; beer is, however, entirely furbidden. Coffee and tea sve allowed, with a4 litle sugar as possible. Cheose, tapioca, potatoes,aerOw rie, Deans, pease, maize, macearoni,

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toot, and soups not allowed. ‘The use of sulphate of roda isarerecommen ded, es moderating the transformation of nitcogenous materials stimulating the oxidation of fat; and the use andof ‘mineral waters containing the tulphate of sola in solution is considered uf the greatest import: ‘ance inthis respect. ‘The waters of Marienbad, which ate especially rich this sale are stated, to have, usually, the most in happy effect. ‘Their ‘se, together with that of some alkaline ‘strict adherence to the conditions abovepills,ineand tioned, cqused © decrease in weight of from ‘twenty-five to sixty pounds in different individue als in the course of a few weeks, Goma Om,

‘The Japanese colony, at Placerville Califrnia, has Intly in thecalled culation tikplane, ofthe engnged nettle fay, goma, of"Thean ro one hshundred pan andre thriy-sie ald to be pounds ohof cil that fan be obtained from the produat of an acre ‘The non agree meine, which plaisto utbo supplied by meansdeal ofof irigation ‘The youngate much shoow sought form anafterexcellent sadlyand thethe flowers by bees; Stems furnish a large amount of fibres Te is deserted hat this goma ol, well prepare, is equal theuly best elveeplcng ol nd te oesbenatbecome fd ta itstechnieal applications, "The prices oiexpectedall to be considerably lee than that of alive ui. ‘ACTION OF Mau In-a recent to the Academy of Scie of Parscommuniation M,Couatet ely ein 0 some veluable applications of malting, Me diastase—e substance obtained by urthevegeta” eon tinued maceration of germinating bacley at 8 fibeenine eae When this is added to ordinary cooked food, containing starchy matter, it gives: fie, inthe cour of a hour, Yo.a milky Ligue composed of unchanged starch, dextrin “and lucose, Water isan indispensible requisite of this rtfcial digestion, not les than ten times the amountof thc ofthe substance teated being needed,” ‘Th solveutaeton of the malt upon Sark ws ei orig tea Cies—fiv grains of maline causing te digestion Sf‘A tomperatare fom one to four pounds of the cooked sar of 8 3 ° to 108" Fahvenbeit proves to be tho best suited for this artiNelal digestion, ‘Phe author goes onto show tht thisseethartyuence of maline upon arch is precisely {hat of salivarysubstance; ule, or ined, the analhe iasase, upon thde same maintains Uta these two f o r m a of diastase af entirely ste ibe in their chemics, plyaeal, and. phystlogical having the same salvent fect propertiy, upon cookedbothstarcy matter, Our author infer, from lis observations, maltine ba ery inportaat substance inthethat erectment of Uyspepica, since starchy substances. constitute tein human fad, inthe peter ume of Tackcase of dyspepsia, Ne maintsins that i s thestance of causes tho digestion of the starchy: sabe that the (rouble, as is shovn es. Decally Where there diminution, or Absence of saliva. ‘Forfs alteration, thce cates maine of may bo used 10 supply an i n the natural secretion. Por several Years the author has found that mating renders iteon partner in tances iets that, nexto a proper aie‘mentioned, 6 "He 0 maintains of alkaline water there is 10 hurls, nd, at thse tine c h n curative tendetey, under the" sane conditions. *

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AS A SUDSTITUTE FOI ASPARAGUS SEEDSCOFFEE. ‘Phe extensive. nse uf coffee and the expense of the better qualities, swf the weessional di ficult of biatning all the varieties, owing to the iinervuption of commerce by WaF, ete, has i heed the employment of & great” many Subst tres, sich as roasted tamnips, hieeory roots,

Inu or pe, another snbstances Bat giving co resembling that these: eeapartand foncell i 10 tionship 10 te oe sriginalaecal the pricple of bing to the cme alacnce A of German aah, eaflein, fortes sellthe Hsing in he prague ent fo eatee Ale te aubtute the publi asthe sing the rel herice in a mot for ome Wl nil the nase to ferment ig Ot the In tyne ag a sieve with totes a socite soil portion ponasparagus tam thethamghth sieseeds, re "hesaga washed tanger yooeing itr inte Ti ved ow ace, seem, sm incite aanttttA poculsar tntool, teen nitrenons sand ahat tir alkaloid, On bing roasted these seed give0M naomigonna astonishingly and sven nd preetyTike thethatrestof cote ent sates Ie te istinguished from that of cutie of the finest gui

GUARANAWA SrAW STIMELANT, Attent hss ion called of late seart0 sthe Virties of w drug boewknows while use in Hraail ac a stimulaasnt yours anal m rome. tan forme of nervone atlvtion, Te iseald in he prepared the sees sapsindiewnts lant Known from as Paallina surtilisof , 4 whieh ripen hy October or Novene,

and ace then vetnoved fiom ther eapantes and dried Ate rw they ae place nse inthemortarssun over Ghareual to tr0fnefmt slightly roasted, and. then Fabel powder,to thewhich ie sulstenel ‘itv water or expowol sonmes the cotsisteney of 9dewpaseBy ng THisaad3 ‘worked toup into e)Tiulrs ofthenballdiedweighing from twelve sktecn ces, nth su Sethe smck of e thet whl they become dryand bts Son babs aging teow of tsatin i hatsimer to trek them, For ns this axe agar ie sowihed as tosugAebo Fedueel to el a povede, and te mis nna step in ater hens ‘ A . chemical ‘enannat ion of the substance proves its sme ana dry since it embnces the Same principl es prcoteont tayothe and fat ome tans fn or ive alkaof theete,eof {proport ion vas gvester than that for bea, ,which hastea,Lutwhich tva perhas eent of te same ingredient or of fromthe sixtenths affome per cet, vo t w o percent of same Tt isnot tal pbs thee iene tis substance wil comefa vel, much more generally inowhereuse, ans espe Slally or regions tortioneljet,fs expensive and wire , much concentra tione ie'an sce so larger 9 pereentg ot import stimtune eat be shataed by hs ‘ee in a given weight than in ny wther wage Te ipounds s thare tthe present te inaoutDual6000neaely000 prepared annually {hewhotethon otwhich wich ffsiswsolderivedin thtir verycounts bane abundant;te fot{shedsham arse for iyi cane an in almost any reasonable quantity.

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METHYLATED EVHER AS AN INTOXICANT. Tis stated that methylated ether is used very Jrgely as an intoxieant, in the place of alcohol, in the counties of Londonderry, Antrim, and Ty: rone, Ireland. ‘The quantity at one time is from evo to four dvachnis to taken the dose, which is repeated twice, thrice, or even four oF five,times daily.» This practice is said to have afected the inland revenue to such an extent as to bave di‘minished it nearly 880,000 per annum, ‘The attention of the insurance companies has been directed to the subject, ax risk of fie is incurred by the Keeping of to much indammable & substance among persons ignorant ofits properties, PREPARATION OF LAMB AND RABBIT SKINS.

‘Among mechanical employments eapeciallysacha sited onto thewomen, that of dresiing small cing, fb nd ait fo orate: there beltely forbeensuchsnggeated, hasdemand tl purposes, jog a great artcley and ous thas cat be ray extended, ‘The bee method of‘hitsata prepeztine, ing theseandcontaSrst washing i takingthemsboutin four coldaltrong soap-suds made vith ot ater, lowed tocol beforefromuse.the ‘The dirtor hair, i tobeanddhorethe ‘ughly removed wool SEES washed in Half clan old watereach nel thefu.um sop againoreremoved. pound of alkot ten to be disalved in tle water, n'a tubwhichwith arecoldallomed mater saflcent to coveraodtoput skins, to eoak therein oelre hoy and aferward hung over ‘pole to dena. When well drained they are feiched very carefully on a board to dry and wit pingMeforetheytheyaroare entirely be vetted ever times, dry, the Sesh doi sprinkled with a mixture of ov6 part ‘ofiowell fely red pow deretin. aura‘Tho andfs saltysidesaadare thisthen eachfoto SMH tgtin theothemngoverin everyshe cadede toSint orpeter thes da, turning The koteBesh to cideemovei fly ipIalning actapedtraps withdry.aof blunt any then2 flesh, ‘The aking are. Febbed up tostoneoften ther, and finshed finally ‘ith pumice ‘ARTIFICIAL GOLD. “This States, materi ito manufictored largessand intherthe United imitation jevelry res, seavay datingusable fromst Is gold, exe feqe by he fei grevity and 8 mator ‘of surprise to almost any one co learn that it oes not contain a single grain of the precious metal, Tea made by taking 100 parts of pure coppers 17 of pure ti, @ of magnesia, 0 of tar tay of commerce, 3,6 of sal ammoniae, and 1.6 Cf uuslicked ime.” ‘The copper is fst meltely andthe other substances (excepting. the tin) filed, 4 Tit le at a time, and the whole well stirred for half an hour, so us to proiuce a perfect mixture, when the tin, is thrown in and sfirved round until melt. ‘The erucibleis tien covered, and the fusion kept up for twenty-five ‘minutes, and the scum taken off, when the sub-

aii steady forse. Ie is malleable nud due til, and ean be worked in uny form, even into leaves like gold, FROM THE ARCHIVES Here are some more of the oldies but goodies such as I started on page 36. Actually, they are like the little inserts, blurbs, hints and suggestions used as fillers in our modern science and mechanies magazines. They were gleaned from such

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publications in the 1860s and early 70s and put in the science section of HARPER'S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE from late 1869 through 1872. As the accumulated knowledge piled up, Harper's altered their science format to rambling summaries and then dropped it altogether. Since those were the days of discovery, 1 chose from that section those subjects I considered the most. interesting to the Survivalist, Many are applicable to present day survival projects. Others suggest lines of research abandoned then but which might prove practical in these times of diminishing resources. Others are simply thought provoking. You've gotto get your thoughts provoked, at least on alternate Tuesdays, so people will find out, how really smart you are. CLosiNG CRACKS IN STOVES. Ts may be convenient to know a ready method ‘of closing up eracks, which are not uncommon, in cast iron stoves; and we aro assured that the following recipe isa relish one. - Good wood ashes are to be sifted through s fine sieve, to wich is added the samo quantity of elay, ely pulverized, together with alit le salt, ‘Tho mixfare is to be moistened with water enough to rake paste, and tho ernck of the stove filled with it, ‘This cement does not peel ofor break away, and assumes an extreme degree of ard ness after being heated. ‘The stove must be cvol ‘when the application is mads. ‘The same sub stance may be used in setting in the plates of a stove, oF in fitting stove-pipes, serving to vendet all th joints perfectly tight, FURNACE SLAG FOR ROAD BALLAST, ‘Tho journal of the Franklin Tastiuto mentions« method of utilising sleg, a3 used at the Diant furnaces at Onoabruck, which consiats in allowing it to fall nto a stream of water from a height of aboot eight feet. By this geana it becomes granulated into particles of the size of beans, and itis then uted as ballast for roads and railways, COMPOUNDS OF GBLATANE AND GLYCERINE. ‘An Fnglish journal mentions eertain propertick ofthe compound of these substances aa of much importance in the arts, It solidifies on Cooling, an then forms a tough, elastic subStance, having much the appearatce and charhetersties of Inia rubber. If a corked bottle have is upper end dipped into tie melted comyoston several timesy allowing etch new coat Ing to dry before repeating the operation, the Sper wil be ested slmost hermctialy” Te be further stated that the two substances United form a mixture entirely and absolutely insoluble in petroleum oF benzine, and that the reat problem of making easks impervious t0 these fluids is at once solved by Urushing. or painting them on the inside with the eampotnd ‘This isalso used for printers rollers and for buf fers of stamps, as benaine or petroleum will clean them when dirty in the most perfect manner nd in an incredibly short space of time. All these Applications have, we believe, been made thesx be used with not application "Waterasamustpassing of patents, except ‘teject compound, (OREAT HEAT FROM STEAM. ‘The apparent paradox of raising certain solu-

FROM THE ARCHIVES tions, by means of steam at 212 degrees Fabrenhelt, to an appreciably higher degree than this, Jas been presented by Me. Spence, ‘Ths he se lets a solution of some salt (a8 nitrate of soda) having a high boiling-point, or one of sbout 250 degrees Fabirenheit, and this is placed in a vesfel surrounded by a jacket, Steam is let into the intervening space until the temperature of B12 degrees ig reached. ‘The steam is then shut ‘off and an open pipe immersed in the solution, ‘and steam from the same source thrown directly into the liquor. Tn a few seconds the thermometer begins to rise slowly, but continues to do s0 until it finally reaches the point of 260 degrees, ‘This method, applicable in a great variety of ‘ways, promises to be of immense value in obfining readily an unusually high degree of temof which important and’ one by means perature, combinations ‘Chemical and: decompositions eas be accomplished. REACTIONS OF ALCOUOL

Hugo ‘Tamm,fo in tha brief tainMe,cpt ai abstract of Feaof cer Alterpager rtvie ei, coal gas tallow, tare enti, ammonia,facts ete,whiehtatesbe {hat the benzos two mostaleohol, intresting fond were that alcohol ‘bolle. with ah equal ‘alk of a solution of permangunace of potash, potash was Tartallyteanaformed to atsate of and {hatin the tame condition ammonia was! cone ‘ertel into nitrate of potash,

‘THE PRICKLY COMFREY PLANT AS A FODDER According to Veeleker, the prickly comfrey, a native of Caueasus, is at present cultivated in fome parts of Ireland as food for dairy stock. ‘The plant is peren ial, is easily propagated by cuttings from the root, and yiells w heavy erop. ‘Tho ordinary produce is about thirty tons to the acre in several cuttings; but eighty-two tous hhave been reached. An analysis made of this substance showed value that itas would tho same feeding green probably mustard, have tur‘ip tops, of Italian rye-geass grown on irrigated Tand. MYDRATE OF CULORAL AS AN ANTISEPTIC,

When hydrate of chloral was frst introduced Int wea itto expense wasni toitsera mPlicatios, ous hona materia very materially jterfere "In consequence, however, of in proved methods preparation, reat extent to whichfor isthis sow erred ‘and.on, thethe osteaibleis nowto very much les, and it, therefore, mako use of S t a a seducing Ihetals, an a. preservative of objects ofagent taterof History, et. to orbo ofthismuchintervalde,purposebs itisit deeidwould really deem ily antisepe in its character. "Tn one experiInet of on perdied.cet. eggof albumen chloral added {o someoneal concentrated kept it‘pplication for-a longthe timechloralfromhydrate putretying. For such must frst be disfolved in water, and then the albumen added to te solution. CUPRO-AMMONTOM, If shreds of copper are introduced into a bot Alehulf Tulle sramonin soliton, the metal willbe dissolved, with the production of what i ealed ‘upro-ammonium, sind with therubstance accompaniment ‘ofa deep Live color. “Ths Femarkatle property of Ussolving varioushas subethe Stance, paper, ete,13 ‘vith greatas silk, ligaine TeoF haseellulose, been proposed npply this agent in the preparation of tlations

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which can be converted to important industrial thes, such a2 really suggest themselves in con nection with this power of dissolving the substances in question. Paper, wood, ete,by ean be readily united almdst inen, indissolubly. ‘means of this substance; and it iy suid that, ‘when thus adherent, the copper which they bold may be extracted by a weak acid, leaving the material pure and white, but without disturbing the udhesion ‘already established, It is not known in what particular chemieal combination the to substances unite, or what ia the precise character of their union. ‘The name given, eupro-ammoninm, is to be considered as of m3 chemical significance ECONOMICAL MANUFACTURE OF OXYGEN,

‘We have already adverted tothe inemployment fogerty einai thei of Para an application w h i c h , to be o f econom Talue! requires an Ths improvedis donemethodby ofpaciog mamac-600 tering the gen onde of manganate of sodapassedin « overrorit with and operheating i steam being theminutes. revol tha Hot aris al he thenoxpgants extracted inv passed over this residue foroxygenfive iminster more, sdand thothis percentage ofis agin restored; alteration ontinged to the number of six times n an hob, Atardstho ofendoxygen of which time (vofaribhed, and halfThe exbie have been the puscbetr, oxycons from issues Bot i b au Jen, {lowing fin aboutthe fteen per cet.to afescape, trogen; but by fie portions the qoansiy ‘tei gusfa inporth cent. mixtureAccording cane reduced toto nd’ to the nate-of pent of the insentor ofthis proce, ove ton ranganate of soda will yield 100 cubieeaeyrdsyardsof ‘xyden daly or more then 39,000 Der'year, necesity of rebeing tbe fel Goringwithout the wholtho time. METWOD OF COVERING A BANK OF EARTIL ‘WH GRASS ‘To covermethodsteepfs bank quickly bywith a grass the flowing recommended German Sorteltralavocintion For ofexchlawmaguare rodsot,to bean planted take hal «pound gras mii fetinimately anddry garden thovooghly ithand oa, about Sixquare of god eth ‘fo tion oroftheextract,nitrogenous thse preparations, and Hoaly devotes thitd pare a dacs of the sen ofthe potaeh have notresearches the spaceunderto givethesethethredealsheads,of h‘otin ‘Welaborne present ththofolloningsuraroary hi con”ox abject: rt thatof ment slusloeareuponaliments directly,not since they no albarinesdnethermater, indirect, tines their nitrogenous priipls do not arrest Asessimilation, tn feebledonea they may boaf potash, useful bywhichth Second, stimulating action of the ale favor digestion and ccelaion, ‘Tard steadinduence; of beingadmin useful, they mayia'stronger have an dose injurious a the system end of long sickness whe he econ. ‘omyad ofthe iofs extasied by prolonged ab Stites, the sate possh may bave ts ijuin proportion as theFaraystera TisTous loteffectali manifest ts chloride of sodium, fier marin hy etre wih bytromhe of tess potash sale upon th glob. uleectwhiehection produces te least abuorpion of Ox. gen, and by the predominance in the serum of Salts tad ich oot only Uissolve carbonic acid physieSy, perm th enlon' a a hotinal quantity o f this gas, oudFourth,consequent the introduction of oxygen.’ i> phy. an hal ay a in Ik oie {eo extracts alone ig to maintain the pata in w condition of inanition. PREPARATION OP CARDONIC ACTD.sala

THE ARCHIVES

, subsequent operations. Hydrogen may als, it is sad, be obtalned pare by passing common ilamluating gas over Lazo, heated to cherry redness, the dry residue being carbonata of lime. DRY EARTH THE BEST DISINFECTANT,

ite ut of ean dicunion bere he Lyeeumof Natural HistoryDr. upon the sujeetof

tion before the sof thepreventing chloroform,pai not forso of purpose forthe {hueh anastbesa and en~ the productionbyof reason Teltating dangerous employed, of Intheenesmaller i ofes ehloveoem Aoyng caso {fussy ojsted, wer of marphia ‘e'cetigrammmes ehoroformand ofste grammes twenty-eight thin er iarfor many minutes eet, prolonged Simple theand'end ofyasYothesory sted seywhichthe chloroform operation, Het ease nother afer the Inection, Inminutes Sheengivenminutes, treaty ‘was a Gofal fn asthe operation, whey odtuiute,eltextending Whi throug ‘The total forte warminutes. Thsted sh hourofandchloroform ony forty-eight fxpenditue games experifarther quantity thatlargse all improbable notadetermine T's wheter rental used wih a proportionbe ean morphine the aad atenityofeblroorm t e in troduction substancesmaybein aiferte reslts byverycombining instr, prox impotentauestbesia and provenTat{ledwayo,both in caurag {og the eenaton of pin.

metal pte, may bo produced in an ordinary Ceoring prt hebed andaden pena may es " T o t h o p e t pate afm pre ite attached wires leading from & small baitery, fodownthatwvten the instrument i crewed the two themetalup ofsurfaces come ino contact, fda see cent pus. An ion Festing upon th bed of the press is contd pt ‘ith ‘arnish, and, spon this surface fa written with a Tec pine any commonication Ie is desired t0in formed been hue bevng Teter The cpr) {ere metaly a few eben of copyiog paper are im-

‘The best process for obtsining wleoliolabsoInjely freein boiling ftom water iquiklime, s sid by in Erlenmeyer to Consist with a vessel t{ed with an inverted. condenser, for about an Hour, and then It Ue spirit contin ‘more than fve persisting cent of water, i s necessary {o repent Tine toproduct oF tedb= Afterthe teatenent dation wththe whola taloed will be‘halfanhydrous, nore. than the space With occupiedteak withspitspiritnot ‘as filed bewithbroken ime byat frat as otherwise the ‘esl be might it slaking MODE OF REPRODUCING MANUSCRIPT. An ingenious application of science to commercial porpoces Sas been made by an Italian foam BR agenlo de Zuccao, of Padua, goatBy cans of the invention ‘ manoserpt or design, anytracednutaber upon ofa copies varuisedof

n vatd aon apieato honored featimecople end itiman dso bengeal --be ant the eype {imt fr te expuess ruse of fruity frequcay stehs l , "He efieney desocton lei forthe fhnsera present 10 he 8 pentonwhethe years todep, Fenedy ia ale fal to insects pein especialy

p otauh, and placed upon the scratched plate, ‘Mihich is then eubjected to pressure ia the copy” lng-press, An electric current passes wherever he metal has been left bare (where the writing is, therefore), and the prussiaie solution acting ‘upon the iron, there is found prussiate of irom it Blue. characters corresponding. 10 scratched upon the plate. ‘The number those fof copies that may be produced by this electrochemieal action i# almost unlimited, and the formation of the Prussian blue lines is, of course, instantaneous. PREPARATION FOR SOFTENING LEATHER, ‘An cil has lately lieen introduced into coman exeellent merce in Germany which answers purpose in softening stifened leather, and ren ering it alniost ns pliable as when new, ‘This Dreparation, itis said, consists of a mixture of Fisteen parts of ale aeid, two parts of alcohol part concentrated sul ‘of 90 per cents, and one ether formed is poured Phuvie acid, ‘The oleic Off, it beinga thin, brownish cil. Tt is separated from the free sulpuirie ackl and the aleohol by shaking it up ia ssarm water and decanting. equal it, On mixing this oleie ether forwiththe anpurhose ading, and fai, of ‘ig quarter to half an of concealing the smell, tofromthe t pound, a prepara ‘ance of nitro-benzole has shown tion willbe obtained which experiment to possess all the qvalifcations required for the npose. ICE EXPERIMENT, METHOD OF DESTROYING APIIDES. ‘A simple method of producing ice instantanefrequentlyad made ingsny soaphides, onsly consists in placing a litle water in a small Imome answermeansto ofthedesing ther for Svatcheglassor porcelain capsule Taid upon woo! injury 10ded.the byate,the br cotton, ‘The water is then to be covered inacets on pants, Withoutis recommen ‘wih a ayer of sulphide of enebon, and a eurrent the following method en of yrepe Of aiv directed upon it through a slender tube, "Rou vt ith iovsem eect: dielto seven pints‘The of water ‘The absorption of the heat of the water, in con- Noting peter by heang sequence of the rapid passage of the sulphide of Brionic mde cis ad tentbon to n gaseous condition, isso great that a three anda qnaieeomeosoftheof nua la kepor,10 garden seed ofthe deachme few seconds aro sufficient to tolidiy the water, fie ede ont opether hued he aot ‘A lens of hetoispherieal and transpnrent fee fs ‘These sto be i svings, thus obtained, which can be preserved long ive pats. When the Tguidfcuoled or epot watering a with used and ‘enough to pass it from band to hand. Stoel "The we of fihspur esting nvenien bemsteo Seay ANHYDROUS ALCOHOL sect m te Sel frie testeneto

BIRDS FROM NESTS YOUNG CUCKOOS. EJECTION BYOF YOUNG ‘The fact has long been Known that the Enof other glish cuckoo lays ite eggs inand thethat nests the parasite Birds to be hacched out, ‘occupies the nest to the exclusion of the righifal fowners, A communication by Dr. Jenner to the Royal Society of London gave the first record the cuckoo, and ‘of this exclusion on the partof the method by which it ws accomplished, and Ms, Ilackbarn, of the University of Glasgow,

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thas lately verified and suthentionted his statement, In one instance he found the nest of titlari with two oggs in it, as well as one of the uckon, This was carey watched, and at & subsequent visit to the nest the tilarky were found hatched, but not the egg of the cuckoo, “At the end of forty-eight hours the young cuckoo was found in the best, and tho telarke were out side of it, down a butik, apparently quite lively. ‘They were returned to the nest with the euekoo, ‘which struggled about til i got its back under fone of them, when it climbed, backward, up the side of tho nest, and threw the ttlark over th margin and down the bank, was repeated in several instances, quite often‘Thisenough to that it was regular instinet of the animal, ‘The most remarkuble fact in the ease was thut the cuckoo was perfectly naked, without a vestige of feathers, and its eyes still unopened, while the titlarks were more or less and vith Dright eyes, A sscond ease feathered’ of similar character is recorded, by Mr. G. 8, Rowley in the May umber of Harduicke’s Science-Gotsip.

DEFECTIVE BRAIN FEATURESAXD DEFORMED Attention lately been called to an artile by1862,Profesor hasLaycock, long ago aa in which he noticeswrittentho nscoexistence. of ‘weakness or defective organiation o f the brain ite etn pectin of formation of the face, and expecially ofthe parts answering tothe bs'of the cranial vertebra, Congenital defect the brain and tendency to tae degenerton are very prominently with & defective And receding chin, andassociated the structure of the eareat presents a siuilar harmony. In the perfect the eartilago is compressed within an ellipse ot ellipsoid to the head, and to this is auachedproportionate a geometrically formed’ helix and. pendent elipsodor lobule. in is proportion as tan these Are defective, as the ear monstrous, ular, square, or of ierogular form, is indicated teneney to cerebral degeneration or defect ‘Monstrous ear, within idiots defectiveor helix or lobules, ‘ao very common imbecile.” ‘The defective form, and absence of the lobule in female Aztce Cretn, wad in tho cave of demethe fia, areCretin instancssi alsoja point, ‘Thebutearie ofmorethe near male ‘Attes defectivg iy resembles the ear of the chimpanaee, [NEW PHOTO-LITHOGRAPIC PROCESS, Aczording totheihogapy Losdon News «newInduced system of{nein phoogape bu ban ased upon the fact that eeoutchou, kewl thes hy recarbon capable of receiving some » photographic impresion, Ain mf eoutshoe diated in fra spreadupon paper, aod exposed in beni the ear erafnveeen in tho subjected usual tanner. ‘The portions which othe action of ight ae ren dered insoluble, and the other portions are then ‘washed avy, asin Mr, Pouncay's proces. "The Sroutchoue, wherever i Femnina on thewhich pape is Swi reciré grensy ink fom a rller tow and tke othe impresion thus passe obtainedovernaythebe sheet, teassfered lithofraphic stone, mid printed trom in the al plane with srualiythe substation reproduetionof ofTanner. Pouncey's‘Tho proces, aoutchoug forthe bitumen of Juda ACTION OF SAL OF POTASH ON VEGETABLES, Considerar wn ened smeprosesutmonte ago by tho deal of experiments 1B George Wood spon the Aeron ofed waliby of‘uunieation potnsza on to vegetution, ubsequen comeSothe AmseticanIna ‘Pilosophien

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ciety states that in hea fed of whith grain wasdevoted toously thesehe exansted experiments ul of by bod culture veal pes wag iced by burn sana and the other Dull Sh sit mn the oadon of ce tain qountsy of wood ashes e fet Inter application was eapecially hmarked the ofeldtho being mh greater than with the former. The Inoxt ofthe king pokeserry veal were(Plytoliceadecandra). obtained by the use of WINDOW PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS.

A neve and quite peli photoithographic of eonted mush praca value. of"Forglans thie ‘ite papers with ature dnIninaed biehvomae of npotash, atu heatersolable dey,elcome la under e g a t i v e , Sate isthen washed out with water, Hf the wet picture iscorrexpomiing now touched. to witthe fh panierTne inut thethe portions Megatv fske up ofthegelatin back, of 1hresisting is basedthe upon thesels:peculay fafick even tn tha thetoy dae te {hot these blacks ae realy oftakengelatine up bypaperthe Ithograpiestone.-Ayiece is rendered sensitive in the ordinury mannerin & tinder bath aofpositive bichromate of potas, and iluminated matic of the objet to Bethethe graphed, Ater a sufleien ilemination pe withthe is immersed somesideseconds in watery and fil gelatine downthenuponrubbeda clean tolished lithograph stone, end rol umes with a rubber pa to press cat sethe ‘Superfions water,on, ofthe "A fev minutes after warm setter i s posted tempersture of Ihe shout Biante pide dcop eva tarbon print "The. aie paper actton becomesof thegradually foosened an with wana ware be ole remove Wat wet {n'hen poured eet over t e ide to separats sth"The pictre ean thoslateobtainedgiesSs natty a negative, botane the basmatrixbeen weseveloe adapostve, aftts the petre eo that fights withafe alum entirelywater, pare andthe sont isto bo molt. ned then allowedthe to nega: diy. Ifthathe experiment hasbeen sucessful tehe miledgespan sarstoneadare hap erbe drying. ofthe now to garam in lithographic tho ordinary tinck} ways andafer thowhicstoneIt folled with Jeo beSipped well raed ownwaterswith the. fed Hamelof Cloth In gum gelatine ‘Which theand negative pltare wen computed ‘moved the fut Color remaine on thehus orgie tly elenr spaces IC the experimen sepreceded a poutive of grea deheacy wil be Sead whiehOF TORACCO ean then beON princed om ANDALS. TEFFECT MAN AND Dr Labon,co iheof question Paris nsofthe given eetgentof tubacey deal of attention Spon man on a theanimal, ans ltely penta steport jet to the Aleico-Chivuteal Society of Tiege Tew reache Among fn thetheconcisons Stich the suthor coure of Hs28 most researches, the allowing may be mention importants 1. aveStoker sitinapesosat ‘ho withont sinking envelope Thowpiere of tobaccrameke, absorba proportin fo each {wun often genes of tera etnicctive saying fm somealso ennghmines tp figmimme, "Wey minor about am eget faint of simsdey by 2ang Tm quantiy of toea ace conned aiid Aleve to it A twosmokeris sears few than nent framimes, fy threlre, lal Sort daily & quantity af nicotine whic oamay

proces, lately annoutced iy Window, bats fair to become

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reac e ceatgrammes, with an eal Jopovtiontwenty-tv of ammonia, 3 i OF all Aindy of Enoking t h e most dangerous s that of rmoking a rigar or cigaree and swallowin g thenate smokes thebe pipe est witht dangerowslong fe tat of smoking tube, ithe open ait ‘The elfer produce hy the veal he’ eon: dersation of tabuceo-stioke fs awlogous t0 th ofih leatins .Neverd there hcles met which be addedthe eters prod Hy the ammonia, smoke cousin eansidera yang ta the3 "The ble confonces Fesinous senda which terior ofthe pipe contuis a cosiernble proporit, nef leat, Tes lil less powsonous than Hicotine itself, nnd ropily destcys the fe of tial explo sos ty The ha Product which condenses inthe langsand moat ‘otthesmo ker contains water, inmunia, fant and vesinaus Lutes ad euloring nicotine, matter Audose of one drop of tis speally praduces punalyss fa‘hese Sm eflects anitaly a sate of apparentof motion death, yoikly disap pear bat death setully supervent s if the dove 1s careied up to several diope, If instead of ‘udminist ering the quid ternal, the asia ie made to breathe ie for some tei dis all Tn this las ease the eles soem de dnthe same grest measure tothe presence of anumniae 1.Ave Inanot produced dose of a single drop dangerons resus upon large-an imal, but those ofthe stall size a v o Killed instantanc onely. Among ees csr the most const ae be ar eemblings a general congestion of the sje ficial vessel, ,stupor, and especialy the tetas ontraetio n of the inscles of thete eet abiomen.of wih Nicotine i s one of the potsons ie mot spect astey ao te abtation {owhich accomplis hed. "2. theContra to what hasfs sooiest generally been assumed, Oflangorous nicotine, at the orUinay Temperntare JsvaporRot Utebulition Sti quite otherwise it he Id ‘Seamed to produces palpi tains, a desided sutfoatiTe onthen precordial pun,ths find vertigo. Smaller animals espoved to ‘ayor di iment instantineouny, 10. Amani tho elects of tobaccosmcke wpon man nay Ue ‘mentioned, in smal doses eschation of the tel Ieetual fides forthe monient; in repeated danes ithare t produces palpitatio sroulies ns of vison, espectly #decrense of the memory, and sid tetieary the memory of words FRIABLE GOLD cor’. Tm somestruck instance afer it becomes piece of fable gold soin Ihasbeon in a mint and rambling, Ie has been ascertained that this property isd tothe prosence of vey sal ‘uaa (hardy thousandth pant) of certain ‘etal, fe the motthis injurious. 5By an mong improvedwhich process,lead however, dieulty hasnt ac overcome," costing ingseta,n crret ofef covered gaseous withchlorineoraxover inhothetoed which fury Way. A chloride of gold would aotordibo formed at this igh temperatare, but onthe contrary would be decomposed; while theuly eter Ime te wth she ai fo a ty the mass. Any siver which may bappen {othebe present nt lat,servesaa it 88mbecomes bora iwhich cover delved for the molten gl RIVOT METHOD OF SILNEIC EXTRACTING GOLD AND A now process of extracting gold and silker from thelr ores Riot forpublished, treating andthe Calitrnin ores, devised bas beenby lately eeraincan noteireum-$9 be applicable said toin whieh IsStances the usual‘undermethods

412 readily be employed, "The principal stages in pon by means of a negative, the rays of Tight this method of treatment are presented inthe fing perpendicolary. aterm sufiient ex: {lowing nomcaary

Roasting of the pyites in eope, or in verberatory furnaces, i such a manner as to tmost completely the metalic sulphides, Ando reduce theoxidize formation of sulphates 10% Pubvesigng and mixing ofthe roasted pysites2, with the ors * mass “et 3. Toasting of the mixed with supeex heated steam’ fn a seresing furnace, With clusion of air. 3 4 . Amulgsiation in vertical mills, which are capitle o f & great outtam, and of working welthe tordryy as may be desired, and which divide Terculy well, and effect 4 more speedy “and Complete amalgamation, owing to the presure of the millstones. is ® Separation of t h mercury from the resae ©. Saueccing of the mereury through coarse linen bags or wooden eylinders, * 7 Disillaton of the amalgam i tubes provided with receivers cooled by castwatersfron & Smelting of she metals recovered by ama fst ffon mould, Hacked crue, and eas i NEW FIREENGINE, Mechanic pubihes the dese tion"TheadEnglish gure of Bre-engi on chaning an entirelythe new priciple. ‘Phi const in Water usedmet withi nthe cebooieremarkably aid and mitogens A {pecial ebeap femethod efty obtaining the carbonic acid, which achat draviog’ atmosphere. air thoogh cal Bee, and fein ‘ater “A claim tents st tot ts ato, deehrged spon exeeation any Boringit ile i b capable of d o i n g su much Extinguishing efron fity cubic fetin one-owene of water from an ordinary frevengite, end tet“Another par ofthe ime. punt i tho capability of important snort naoy dpe ee guyqacartis of slphurous vapors carbon aid birted hydrogen, aod. jtelphurtedarburted Hydrogen.” A delivery one-quarter of an ichex Jntingushing damater ea wo be eapale of iatanty carbureted ten trom twoand footdepearning malo, working a thehydro inch pressure from the gesometer By this method the air in coal-pita, nines, eavernt, ee., ean, it

and theni, peated place is washedstone--that the a'lithographie owute fatty tke am, inkYi applied by means of a roller, and then @ taken ait under & isIthographic pass ‘The The ‘theory of the process TMhtoprapied surge ofthe asplatefollows:ts any"washed pore

to. takeoff atar, not boy allhein Un emote ‘Thehe 10patina. of fom the to tote Chrome most have Been gthe tothe that eorespondin Inet forions sitatheend igh, and tothe Riposed and do ‘iedpet shade,tke srewater, ‘eniely‘The lewTtoublyAuminaied up notte enrely beng portions fortins tae upthecomehigheraten,lightsno othe but Arolables tho pla not exposed at all sane te Justwater latheWeated plate thusstone,prepared loner ‘The ok pases, "When ithoglaphie a {ike in a shade, dav the to fver it the color sticksHh, ant a al ote hf on account of Us coaing IoCieettdgreightto portions of the impressions One pecalarty Srmogture. contin tha lights and ct te Shat‘otained tsa conta fn se te anes In ito ie theabsorbsseulof ofrepels the mater gelatine ine se undstinguish is granultion s bu ivcan slays be detectedablaon Sometimelensthis Situ deston sidfomthatx sagethowand thaminaion, ‘ele plat, be have Sterestans iitough this perhaps questionable.

[USB OF CASEINE IX COTTON PRINTING. materifavor,in ata hekening Tho ug fein inrease to coutiowes g n i n e p coon by andaddingaoit a very fhe rabeiancer beingoe applied esis giving tic Haie magnesia, of cent. por three to exposed ion, whichcold, runethe when ted gonnysolat mess meted the n i not bat to'nest,slabl in alkaline fiyids, - When inolue bring they bewith thisoftheaoltion Tie colors running proconsequence fed,arein printed owe colors, Howevergeril Guced by teaming.cuctn‘The iad Tet otras bot a canthick,be not have t a solution, y.Go homogencoo eee which past, giving. a trae Semi, inv water withowt around ired however,wichthisi paste Solaton, Inthin, baryesgommywater,solution well fcomes ‘This thickening. for casey, certala fn iapted, mass by heat, andthe {els louse compleay Kept be can solution e h ‘ als volute must but on, loog uaeagainstwithoutthe decompositi for protected carboniccausaid theof barthe a be‘sphere, wih andwill Uigradually dimisish the solubility tostopresiplate, magnetian combination. HIC PROCESS NEW WOODBURY hePHOTOGRAP ova nel ismame, ofthe ar opbBURY, WW ctograpie proces w pw mde of pg, tas sete oatwax, andwitheneae ing atin yer vithof clean, sls A Tpdan ith of potash eonof gelatine and amountbichromate ely ob,pulverized © cenaioete, i then ofpoured lainiog famery, Afer thie sbee is remonedwithfromthe theallodion ase negative, the u p o n ld fut tothe Tightby and then expoted downvard, de cemented ts ‘Kfar safle lamination

iv eluimed, be rendered pure and healthy, Thi ‘apparatus'lso may be used for softening water for brewing aod dyeing, and for preventing incrusiations in steam boilers, ALBERTYPE PRINTING, ‘This method of printing direetly froma the photographie negative, invented by Albert, of Munieh,'& year or two ago, s probably familiar to many of our readers, but as some additional Aetails of manipolation have lately been announced, it muy bo of interest to many to have some account of the entire process. For this purpose w glass plate, about five-eighths of an Teh thick, is coated with the following solution: Filtered water, 300 parts; white of egg, 150 parts; gelatine, 13 parte; bichromate of potash, 8 parts, ‘The plate thus covered is to be dried, a black cloth laid behind it, and exposed two hours to the light. It is then covered with a mixture of gelatine and bichromate of potash, in the proportion of gelatine, 200 parts; bichromate of potash, 100 parts) and water, 1800 pars = and after’ pl dovelopWhen'this coating is dried the plate is printed ment the reliet picture is again removed from

FROM THE ARCHIVES

tho glass plate, The bydrnlic prea is next ted this fine of graiothe todry & image plato be-of teal, totheuansfer minwertdetal the wot metalic plate, "A gul{ng premed fooeounter-form ‘ano-platc is taken fom this tof pitt, anda cliché again tile fa immediately coated withtakensee(romov this, id: iim.“Another method of producing th rie granlar pietro coassts in preparing tho diferent ister a0 above,of fnoneat dieing aly in theof chromegrester gelatine or less degres of the. 1grandlar subuance, A sheet of thin allowed to awim upon the mixture Mich coarsestupon grains. ing tis contain allowedtheto enim a secondAfter mire,drymedium-sized then egein, {herfh thodrying, opon thse grains, withtheand Soest, “Tho fqasne shes now iluminated under a negee finest tones, while the half tones are supplied by those of medium size. ‘This paper can be prepared like carbon paper, without eirome sult, ‘and rendered sensitive before use ‘ACTION OF SALINE WATERS IN DYEING, Iehas generally been assumed that water containing saline matters is unsuited for dyeing and Bleaching ; but a correspondent of Heimann's

In boiling out the cotton, whether in the yarn or in the piece, it comes fut from the Kettle slready half White, thas far Tighter than when boiled in ordinary non-saline water. The theory of this process is found in the suggestion that saline water boils at a higher femperature than pure water. Aniline colors, when used with satine waters, according to hi ‘experience are more beautiful, and light blue never as fine as when saline water is employed, Should this communication prove to be founded infact, i would be @ question as o what extent ‘common salt is to be hereafter added to the war ter for dyeing purposes ‘MODERN CANNIBALISM.

as 10Sn how far the prehistoric ran‘Theredwat question cannibal hie tendency, although in many insanees by the nature localities, basof theT0cerain in found booes Etman : riLingled care ilurtration i a voeat a2 cannibals in South in exntence, which,habit although Zot o p e n l y p r a c t i c i n g this revolting are beTevad‘eeye abode to doiwas inecret, a seriesthe ofmountain caves in theboe ‘Transgripe country, among these offormed ‘he principal Bosige,” Cannibal habe yond Eaves known athe Cavern is By'an overhanging lif pars, end inwithlength«breadth is boatof One hondred and thiry Shout one bundred, ive sts Uekened th the smoke of the fires of the former inbubicants, lls espec"ial y, These soem to have been wileat ‘mutilated than the other bones; which were generally broken or eut (0 pisces, apparently with

THE SURVIVOR Vol. 1 3 implements, theatts long booes sting werete tonetie ae Sinus alone anbroken. of"Aarom, fow' Booos soom to barethe ot mostthet wasthem considered by freat though akared boiled, fen Preferable mode of cooking a which the dea: icloiren ell remain ‘Ther feast werecome pennedThe uppracticeom of timethe shoo victims Jed apointed their byan anyabun meahy been notaan have fnquesdon seems wad there Cem, to tcesity ab, game, aponabd of froquenly consing oandf al iakind, Srveod maa exer flutes Sento family af efon Trangoef helsy sail wie or cil, or roperanoa dipoved of in tla way athe most ett boing method of wilising hom. ptt DETECTION OF FALSIFIED WRITING.

has beoo applied for a considerable tie a Borin by havoDr proved Zealzer.. voryThesatisfactory, experimentsand areits fated to tue fa oneof the principal hospitalsof Berlinis ok rom ten The doefhs abe tochiles, ferey ifte n fom drop, {ind from threo to fire for tours,” fojarioasgiven effect has hithertogreater been ‘oted,oren'No when in considerably ‘qsantiy. Tv lstilapplied from thdryingearliestup period Sf th dea he complete of the postles, ‘Thecaprules, best method ofareadministering tho Sylol is in which tow foriabed, Goatacing tee, elght, and. twelve drops, l= {Hough ican be given drop by drop in vice or Water. ‘Toluol appears to have Do eft. ‘BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM IN EPILEPSY. Da Sautle has lately presened of the37 resulees ofof hig epee he amet ifs teatmnent does not produce any mischievous effect, be of pereet. purity’ posided ile bas that had ipatients who havechemeal taken From’one to two diame daily for long period Yithout anythe tseevil ofthis results, drug,‘The ia ilhiseffete eeord-are from opinion, experienced only when it isnot ofthe beat gua fir Of he of20the cases referredsymptoms to, in 17ensued abelutefor suspension epileptic froin enototwelve four yentsy i 2 absolute suspension forconsiderable from to teentytvo monthsy” In 38 amelioration; ia 3 partial ameliorations andof potassium in 110 flue. bromide tobe oftheHe’ comiders slmoxt prsthe Ue salu ith disease, i property adminster= td,1 comiderale an ery Mikeyimprovemett tet nova cue, a least ofthe symptoms, EXTRACTION OF SUGAR FROM MOLASSES ‘The attention of a French chemist was drawn toeasilythe obtainable face that, after extracting all the sugar sti Jefe inthe molassesfrom 50 tetpes juice, cent, thete offs wasweight, Ofhus soar hatpubisedcoal asthe not rai beof careful secre, leexp ri= now rele ment, and applieable to any kind of molasses,

413

the simple sugar process by which 70 per cent. ofthe emaining ean of be 85obtained in mixed perfectly pure state, Alcohol per een, Biper cen, of monahydrted sulphur aldwithis {o'be and all shaken well {ogether,added Thetotheligumolasses, f en to be Altered, and sulivonal alecbol of 95 percent, fs to be adel ‘The sugar is now taken ap by the erongeraleohol and retained ina state of socalled siyersat ation, and would remain to fora long time, with bata slight depont ina erytalling form Diy adding a small quantity of povrdered sugar, however,deposited fo the mas, the new,otherand eugar wil Le Tapidly with the isipure state, to be washed and feedin fronportethe slethol i the ordinary wa: “The advantages are firs, the extraction eluimed of 5 parfor centthis ofprocess the weight oftthethe pure maasses in sugar; second, the obvantng sugae directly,process without andthe third neceshe ofalmost varioustotalcomplicated of the use of animal tack in sugar suypresion refineries, “he scent ofthe proesss need not be given hye, the theory state‘ent ofthe fcto na tesuls Leng Suite fr dhe present purpose POISONOUS STOVES. TPEeweayowneting eldfrom went sotsania the French ns ofthe danger of Heating stoves reat es. pecially those tnade of eas ion Tt as been ht to theound gaves of ach uate, ds(uddrypermeale combustion, parte to carlonie oxvd, and tha tho simplest existence ofyo this highlylune pulcon Gi i ghprove ththe mente ‘out the atinosphiere of the room,

" Sheetirun has ben fon) iss objectionable, excejt when red-hot; in wlich eosn a8 well 93 tint of ery hot ofthe east iumearbunie there nelapyeared Adscompestion tron toitobe the atmosphere by respiration, and a transform tuion carbonic oxsd, Hie supposed also that dheintooxsgen ofwiththe theatmosphere combines, ‘ertain extent, erbon of the ta to urease the percentage of carbone rouox} s0 ‘he effet of the preseice of this gas, sd othersevisearely lestthe hetted chjetionable. which” pas feadily through fron, iy show Yarlous ways, apart fom the of atual asphyxia rmapetallyetl cars rooms, of eerhaviog Tee in badly ventilated boos teed diecly to this ene * remedylinetagainst ¢his with exit reste isGr “The tosomehaveprimaty the etove internally substance ether than east Ion, andnickto fave the upper of dheetiom go that the gases shay notpartpassnalthrough the eylinder thohinmney.” Stow, hiTf,t be eaeied of dread into theot however, a boeastiron eylinlerenciris Decessty, then ie should completly dled by shee-iron, with at aly-chantber between, anid some arrangement by which the air in that Space may be passed into the ie, sui not escape ito the room EXTINCTION OF FIRES recent ofGerman writer in discussing the goneralA theory fees, and tho bese method of re Xenuing aad extinguishing vi esmierl ute wichthem,om mentions bom the water employed,to xive to it much greater eficeney. “Chet these, in asthe his opinion, i‘otactual s cominexperiment, sale; andnimanghe mainain, result that one part of water cone sale wll have mare eet than four with=

FROM THE ARCHIVES

eee att ee toed tae pn ens. wigs aac a eale tl peat Hap torec hermes cece sol eer

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with very Hite effect, and, as a last resort a ase been given up as incurable was Selectedwhichfor hadexperiment. ‘Thsdndammation patient hadof beanshe previously dufering from Fiver, wat with rice“A vwaer purging,in deepseverecollapse, voming,pulseless, and eramps, {part ofawithegrinw rest of acetatefar beyond of morphine wei {toduced, expectation, Trea censed, quarthe patiene ofan horfellthesleep,crampsthe andskin vomitgrad ingunly became thd the pulse tired,ted, andAfterhewarmtwo andhoursmoist,th injection was rere aghinbut sleptultimately for threeeanhours,”fom Hety. ves weeks, hot exliaustion, as much produced by his ald ser complaint a8 froinfollowed she. reactionary fever. The tame ood result in timost caso of tal, Tivotdinary canes one or twoeveryine > jections of "1from one-quarter to one-half a grain Buliced, conid be ndmunistered even tovrery ouing chiklreny it doses ut proper magitade, “Alt the salt tory resi of thie experiment er the‘vas teatnient uf cholera patents the hospital confined almost ently to that in question, find ont ofntfarsa eases tventy.tvo revovered such manner that a ay of light falling upon the ively, twenty died. "ut of these eight Ajai concave cor were perfectly helpless from the frst, being act. rellected at the same angle A,f an angle o tually dying, one hl severe liver complaint, and fone was very far advanced in consumption,” OF fen cases treated in the ordinary manner oily APPARATUS FOR DRAWING MINUTE ‘Omecr 1N ingenious device for drawing microscopjeal abjecte has been recently invented Uy Friuch, of Vienne, which hss been found to be ‘capable of valuable’ application in the interest of reproduce a figIaturalsts; and we accordingly ‘ue of it for the purposeof illusteating its nature more satisfactorily. ‘The instrument is in tended to throw an enlarged image of the object upon a table so as to admit ofits being cop{ed accurately. When in use, the apparatus ia placed near © buming lamp’ or gas flame, Reupuncturator....++.+.-404 Albertype printing......412 Alcohol, anhydrous......410 Alcohol, reaction of....408 Aphides, killing. .......410

Asparagus coffee........407 Boiler coating 21410 Cannibal isn be en ssl Carbonic acid, ‘making. ..409 Caseine in cotton printing. 412 Chioral hydrate as antiseptic. .408 Chioroform and morphine.410 Cholora, immunity.......414 Cholora, treatment. .....413 Cod-1iver oil. +41409 Comfrey as fodder.... 11.408 Covering earth with qrass.. 409 Crotonate of chloral....410

CUCKOOS.esses e ee ee ee e410 Cupro-ammonium. .....+.+,408 Defectives........es.4e411 Detonating mixture......409 DOg-POWEr see e sere e 11406 Drawing minute objects. .414 Earth as a disinfectant. 409

‘patented in this country within a few years, and Used in preserving consists essentially ‘of sulphite of lime,fruits. which, Ttinert in itself, com bines readily with the oxygen developed in fermeutation, and is converted into. sulphate of Times and this in a small quantity does not seem to exert any injurious effect ujon the animal ‘Another somewhat similar suggestion, made hy a German chemist, promises t0 be of value if the tame connection, Thi is not intended so mach to preset fermentation a to Tedice the amount of sugar required in preserving. It consists in_adding aqua ammonia to the juice, ‘which, by its‘alkaline nature, neutralizes an apteciable quantity of the free acid, and thereby Fenders lese sugar necessary. ‘The amount of ammonia required is easily determined by the Uisoppeurance of the sour tasteof the juice; and should there be en exeess at any time, it can be reauily antagonized by the addition of @ small quantity of vinegar. "Any other alNaline ube Stance than ammonia would produce a solid, permanent salt, whieh, if not injurious, would at ‘ny rate render the preparation more or Tess une palatable. For preserving. plums and gooseber Flos this process is said to be peculiarly well late B, in the middle of whichuponis aan movable opening the object to be magnified. ‘Thefortherarereception of light ofpassthrough thia coneobjectCy toend8 IMMUNITY OF COPPERSMI CHOLERA. THS AGAINST is, nd fom that hough fal upon a shest of paper placed hosizonal “The immunity from attacks of cholera enjoyBelow, a n d . pon whith ei an by workers in copper in the city of Pati has eningement takes place, readily varied in extent becit shown to exist in Londan also; und itis ‘The ange thos thrown down can bo easily supposed that a positive absorption of che metal copied by the art, line for line, ‘The appare- into the system is the result long-continaed {Gfoutofis wool 0 simple that any dealing with this metal, It is ofsated one can construct i that work and pastboatd, who can command cs in copper nequire green stains on gums concave mevor of as worktwo above the tecth, exactly the immediate and» half ly inches in Miameter and a lens of good magnitying power, ers in lead have a dark and blackish Tine in the ame region, The perspiration of workers in is also stated fo be of a blaish-gi eal IMPROVEMENT IN PRESERVING FRUITS, copper ory and in eases of ulceration the pus eenis also Aw stance called preserving: powder has been greenish. Maltine veeeeeese e407 INDEX Engine, alcohol. +++. + +4405 Manuscripts, reproducing410 +409 Engine, ammoniacal. +... +405 Meat extracts... +404 Epilepsy tee e413 Mirror, burning. Nitrate of silver, extractEther as intoxicant.....408 ing. .409 Falsified writing, detection of ..413 Obesity, cure for.......407 Fire engines ..rsesees O41, gomarssevesesevens 412 407 oxygen, making. .... 4.444409 Fires, extinction of....413 Fruits, preserving...,..414 Photographic process. ,. .412 Furnace slag for roads. .408 Photo-lithographic process. all Gelatine.. pene en ee 6408 Gelatine, molding. 409 Pigeon brains......6.+4+410 Glass, burning. . 404 Poisonous stoves....++..413 Polyzonal lens, we 405 Glycerine. . . .+ +408 Potash as fertilizer....410 Gold, artificial +408 Gold, extracting +411 Red rays on plants......409 Saline water in dying...412 Gold, friable........e. e411 Seeds, germination......406 Grain, husk removal.....407 Skins, preparation of Guarana as stimulant....407 ...408 Hams, preparing. ........413 Steam, heat from.......+408 Stoves, closing cracks. .408 Hydrogen, making........409 Ice experiment. . + +1410 Sugar from molasses.....413 Tobacco, effects of.....411 Iodine, room disinfectant Turkeys, fattening......407 409 Leather, softening......410 Window photographs......411 Lettuce, drunken +407 MYLOL-ennenerdevenseseedld

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Tranniing. when th sia of on axinal,iapusitie, carefully. 5a deprived. of itahairydies fat nud other Stnote rsel Solutioncombiuos of taunicaeid, honuinal matterpenetrates grade tually with tho aida it Ewes which Tomi mpl faible com: pound, reistep ateetuc completely tionea nie taoned fate Tn peti line tor is war usod forailcleanehig And preparing the Ba withopening ol tl ck ‘Buia hunieaci) inPtson for aighng or the pores; offorthe oak batk or of some other autringent matter souree the taunt fell. ag The”ut process. Ie mocessanly a slow Suc solutionsforonly ean bo saely tused."" Skins intended ouriers requis to. be rowed “for “upperay" “commonly” about 3 weaks thick hides suitaule for toler feather, take hom 12beento J8sitrudueed mnouths,. into Varioustbo nodiicatons lave process, forthe purpose of velveing the Gine Fequized for tanaiug, but sofar with-omly mode Grate sucess, as the in quai Tatler 60 produ fs spongy aid inert ‘648.of seap Morocco Leather is prepared fromof oat shiny wich, after the aeion Bing water anlath of snmaed, gnaheubseqseat ait taned ia grained ant dressed. meaty O44, "Russia Leather is generally uated iiswithadyed,deeoeton of willow Lith, after ‘whieh and enrtied with the Gunpy Teumatieimparts olf ofta theTiabie Teathor tro. Teds thigh Some of the letters ‘Whiels $83, poculia ‘alo, uid power of resisting inout and doing. and even words in this 645," To Tun any kind of Fur Skins, section are indistinct. ‘Tis will be fon ant exeellent plan fore nnyeathintoff of(hosinuseless sith parts, the anden. eoftened After This is due to the con- ‘ing having dition of the original th shintho bySitewaking, removeie fn thoacmfattyWatermatterfor ftom and sak material. However, you zn hour. on"Next,glares usc eqhal otbataot parts of borax, fete, eda)for should be able to make {nthe proposti of aout $ oune of each o on out any word by putting cach shin, with waffelent water to Bake a thin paste} spread this withsnore a brnehem theovertietho it in context. Inde of the Hn, applying Having been written cepars thanfleshon sidefay wards, thinners anddoable theit rk {n'8 together, paco in the last century, cool plage, stand boty inane wae 4be ing’2 many of the terms here Sin Clean, anAfterappty, inf same Ueto, a iisture of W ounco eal soda, $ onDena3 may be unfamiliar. I Yorax, anttogetherouices bard being white allowed pep, tobe inelted suggest you refer to flowy withutt fold getter again ant Alter put Sway indisealve a. warm 4 GRANDDAD'S WONDERFUL place for 24 fours, tly BOOK OF CHEMISTRY. It Snnees infoi, ouncesho sal,ah andwater toounces eal eratnsy suidci sacurate ent has definitions of all {hekingtk whenthe evoki enough not1 toHourweald enthe the less familiar terms Bad for wring onband hang andieupUrging today.or3 When di from Dick's, as I went Fepent this noaking times through the entire work oskin is suficially ott. Lastly, emeeth {he fuskle with fino Saud paper ud pace picking out every term which might be misun (619, On,”‘To Tan Sheep's Pelts withwater the Wool Wash the pets in warm derstood and listed it And remove all ley mitter frown the Suet along with its modern snes thclean, less Whentne theol th a seep, find wash pelts apply pereetiy counterpart. {rep from all fey aut oly miter, I advise you to read following misturo ca tho Hes sider hes For tach pelt each, take andcomominealt abbuna; ron dinealeo alan, every entry, even if P pound 4 once you aren't interested fseehute in’ quart hotth water, andad whenry fufently coe! tear hay at this time. You'd be to make onit lkethe ies thick paste, andtho npeead surprised at how many thethea! mixture wide of pel old the pelt Teogt and Tet ie rome hwis, ideas are here which 2 waaks fo aley ad shady placos then Te: will be of use to you ove tho pastenearlyfrm dey,thoerape strlaeeyth rach, and fry, When flesh eto now or at some future ‘with somes ofof time. the pelta ereveont depends chapelfuckknie,on tho“The amount

Dick’s Encyclopedia of Formulas, Heceipts, & Processes

1872

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA ving it vocetves,

647. MGcke# To Prepare Sheep vith Skins for Mats, sone lather hetfreakin water, rd ib stand il eo rast tho all thotldrtal tromthe ove water carefllywashqueesing {nit tho Wools iui ent fonp' i falcon out." Dissolve 8 pond etch andi patlt bot towater, in tu2 gallons and alum fatt cover pulcont intra skin {is a pe eer 12 houswol iddrainhang tite for Whom ie"baa ce drain.” a bond to dy an otrteh wrens tofaily'on eeounediecachty weeon {horing,fesh “Botore tints 1 sido fprnkdo mbbingtae aulwool saliptre, slam pulverized Huely well fsa be tho i bey t ie'ie or dex tvie heto ny gnHP otwithle alan)romainFold nay he rat fetice andthemangi tho shad for 9 00 days {tring oversido eneitaday betil quite diya hue liste thn Straps Fut withitems pumicecan ueho rotten stone.Tet akins Very Hrautiad mao of Prepare in thi way 648. To Tan Muskrat Sking with the ‘sie aud ebb hilefleshy itmatter. wae ates,Farnad On.remnove ail fatty ‘Then Soak jt ia.a Hiquor prepared ay follows fo 10_ gallons cold soft water aul 8 quarts whoat bran, 4 pint old soap, 1 ouneo horas; byadding2 oonees salpine nell the soak niay bodoncinoue-hall thetime. fthe hides Daye nol be w salted, add 1 pin salt. Green Dies shoul not be foaled nioge tha 8ur 10 ‘Dey ones should seale till very sof For taa Titer, to 10 gatlons warm soft water ‘add } busiel bya stir eel aad Tet stand fa a warm room till it ferient:, ‘Then add slowly pounds hides sulpnrie stie inallabout the ‘while, 24Muskrat shontd acid; remain hours: thon tao ont and wb with n flesh ing kaifo—(an old chopping knife. with the ego taken oif will do.) ‘Thon work Tt over 8 Doam until entizely dy 619. To Cure Rabbit Skins, Lay ‘tho ski ona smonth board, the fr side dormost, aad fasten ie down with Cioned tacks. thonWashdissoivn it orer28 first salt ouaceswithnlumta solution ta 1 pintof fof srarm water, and witha sponge dipped. i this solution, moisten the susiace allo Hing i loosely the long way, the ai fnside, draw it quickly backwards’ and for. wae through a far smooth ving, ubtil itis quite sof, then voll it iuthe theoperation. contrarywaySkinsof tho skia,’ and repeat pproparod’ parpoces thus are seful for many domestic 650, To Clean Furs, Pers may cleaned as follows —Steip tho fur articles of their stuffing ‘and binding, and lag. them as niueh # possible ia a Hat position, ‘They must thon bo hibjected to a very brisk brushin With a stif clothes Urusts} after this, any amoth-eaten amd be neatly roplaceilpartsby must new bitsbe ofettfar ott,to mated, G51. To quiet, Clean fiteh, Dark We,Fura,shoulSable,be chinchilla, sod ny follows: Warm a’ quantity of bran in a pan, taking caro that ib does not burs, tn prevent actively Stisred.."Witon well whieh warmod,it must rubit hethorough. lytwo intoor tho with tho Tepeat this thres furtimes; them hand. stake theft, aud sivo it another sharp brushing until ftee from das,652. To Clean Light Furs. | White fars, ormino, &e., may be eleaned as follows: Tay the far’ona table, and rub it well with

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SURVIVOR Vol.

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‘ran warm water; until goite mado dry, moist and. with aterwards with dry"rub bran. ‘Tho wet bran should bepleco put onof with “Danze, and the dey with a book-musti ‘Tho ‘ightbo wellfor, rubbed in ‘adiion to tho. above, sould vith magnesia, or © pices of Hook-mesin ater the bean process. Drery done inaylonger bo toedthan ostend of wetto clean, brad. Ermiito takes Minovar ‘Bey Fhbed gaae. tho wey ot the1653,fr.ouldTo boImprove Furs byhuproved Strotch-by ‘pars are astally inueh itching, which way maybead Soubegy managed ts atfollow: onto fe Solve} ith this solution spange fur) naeof to wet. theUbe iasido not caro (taking skin the Lit becomes thoroughly saturated, tho fe sidothendoenlay with board a on carefully itswans, disposition; stretch 2) ineja asves fenateral wil ear, a to thethen require teks. tho‘Thoskinde & with soa Shape,maysndbo aston fog quickened by plasiog Hfle distance oom the Bro oF stove Woolen anddeposit Furs 654, ‘TofromPreserve their Moths Moth, Clothing gg tho carly epg ‘iy eet, the woolens for the time summer.”to putTe aveay dp not farethodocsaudmoth, but tho the mischiet moth thal Po efoctually Inaggoefursof audtho seonleds. pr with inseets, these of ravages the Iron them herve fhoroagély beatfor soveral the lacshou,with then a thin cartolly rattan, fn sit them gor tom vith portstiy a lean ot,ty audweap put,hesthemup inBway newspapers, ia a thoroughly tigst them ehest outnedand withcx‘Take wood. cedar or Gn, Sting thom fm the ova at least‘This,once. deed, month 1 thems. Heating thoroughly ik presorvin tho fuedealers the socree of"Camphor, use Is so aneehby tara which theirstock. beats thoit inputs furs toing preserve thei light, Tho offectaal priatiog astakcamphor, on. tho ay just is heverpapers being very dittastelal 9 be theadoptal! iwoth.. to Tho bore method may algo pr Serve feathers, and all Kinds of woolen clot ing, omitting, of coarse,smane tho combing: cam Dior may be spriokled tho woolen. 655, ‘Po' Clean seap Ostrichfa smallFeathers. pieces, cued whito foino cat pour boing water on them, and add 8 tuo peatlash, Wien the soap i quite dissolved, Ent theplunge iiaturethe coolfeathers enotgh intofor itytao. draw band thoto eas, falters throngh the handpasetil them the distthrough appearsa Ssqueerodlather out withof them, sine bloja it, then good tlean water with somo blue to dhegive.bandthem to a shako {cold themand against olor, near dey bydry,shikiogcart them water, SfSifre,tho Beat fibro euch perfectly When feparntely with a bluat Kaito or ivory paper-

folier tako 858. ‘To Clean Grobe. Carefully the samo way fost the lining, and wash it infeathers. fs directed fr Ihe ostrichquite dey, and ‘Thoy any watil ‘must tot be shtkea mak before repaired be ust skin tho in rant Ing up agin. own. White 657, ‘To Cleanbo Swansd in soap and wasbed “may” wn swansdo trator; after washing, shako it ot, and whoa down is somewhat raised, shake it before ‘the clear firo to dry. them 688. To Curl Feathors, Heat them with, slightly before the fire,aud thenthey stroke ‘the back of «knife, Featherwills eu from An‘659. To Cleanse 1 gallon elear wate with well Adis O. Smal pou quicktime; and, when the ine is pr

416

cipitated in forfinonse,powder,Dub topour feather off tho tbe clear fimorwater cleave ua tn aid ead to theme sufleent cover thors to eho tho ClearWheIime-waler otSeven. Guana Shout feathery, thie fnghly moisten, wl snk down, nod Rou omain day alter ‘Which, thointofoullimt-water liquor siafor’ hoor sopatned, (080,." "Zoof cluthing Deodorizescouted, Skunk bold” Skins, ovaridles thet Srer a fro of rel eer boughs ant sprinkle Seitheiloride of ano;whos of theywrap arothemto iU'bad, groan Temocl. bongis, ndSoi.in? tyhows Skin, thay wlBrialen, be dendorized rEmon sual y cold stifenedalum bywaterinmucrsing’ forDicha shortare ‘082, by stooping. To Dye emBristles,for & short Bristostine aroin aye sayat Tho orton den we for cotton ot ‘Frunigating Pastils; InnCOnSe. Pastilles. ihe aco

pow: Small masses essentially compséd of dered cliazeoal and. aromatie sstance that s fomit fragrant fumes dung. combustion, with tie suficent nitre or saltpotro to ceangeaddition them toof slowly eonsiuso away, without flame, when Iindlod. ‘heir common form ia that of a small cono with @ triangular tripod base, of abont {10 2 ineh in height,ot fand about # inch diameter at the larger part. ‘Taie form Io inost simply aud conveniently given by pressing tio mass, whilst sult ato a thors mould-of dy Ingeedients sbouldfead be or fintporcelatn. reduced ‘Theto fina ollabe balsanisthe aud‘whole.essential powder andbeing theadded, should Ge'any) Shorey ait prs Inconpirte ater ‘whieh tho mixtde shotld te beaten to tho Eonsistonee of a sill duetilo mass or dough ‘with the. liquid ndered. for tho ‘purport. When povdetot giin the mgvedtents, the tntss should” be isonet beaten wp withemployed: watery Unt otleriso muciiage mist be Gu-teagacanch owing to is renter thicken: ifefred) ng and to bindiguuratabie ng posers, ix hero generallyot thopre.”he-chare euland alr, light woode, asthe lien, willow, nine bt pati Cha of he it. being most estecmed for this purpose in Dance, ‘Tho following seccipts among. the. best that ean bo made, antl willate serve a8 examples fofbo thevo anieles, fin whieb the operator Will able t d others: e o v i s e 1338. Dr. Paris's Fumigating Pastils, alveriz pound benavin, + pour éaeearla, Tf ounces myrrh, and. ecbareeals tx them throughnutmogs a sieve;If andpounds thenof add dis cloves;ounce of attars of fagh Solvo® onnces of nitre in suificient, muciog of to make the whole into o stir pastesteagacanth beat well bls, and ay. {8 eanortay, Make nto. pas1339, Perfumers! Fumigatin P g (aveit= ounces 2 hen2oin, gun of Tako tila. tispois); libanman1 ownco; (in teats), gon: easeaila1 adconees; (in teats), Storax ttagueanth,Hepounda; of each ¥ once; uitre, 2 ounces; mix, and beat them up tharvoal, ‘with water or roso waters 1340, Piesso's Fumigatin g FoscPastis, water? nitre inwil§ pintcbc # ounce puoi Dissolve ond with iu 8 warm plaeo. When ti itthisthoroughly thy pirated. Charcoal is perfectly dry, pour {HS pow it a mixtoro of fdlacon cach Of the Ultars caraway, 080, lavender, loves, ofand thyme, santal;, ‘stir i 6 ounces onzoie acid (flowers oftheabenzoin); thor ugly through sieve, then beat in mixa mortar

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

with suficiont mucllago to bind together. Mako‘eal.into paatis, and.dey. Basis for Pastis. nitro,‘Teko2 ofSanees; charcoal,guim-tragucanth 11 pendsFreuch aveiniupols; 1 ouneo, mix in tho for buss asa used is Te dry State. fhefining reneh pasts, os woll a many others 1842. Pastilles @On129 , a0 of or of Now,aux LMFlours pov (genuine), sroorangeauth’ pide: cvoirda: 24 ounces pose rth a Tepe drach nd eat up tho iss with cou do Lours oranges, To each la Rose. s or & 1342, Pastillo 1943, palo of ad HHL Nos. of pound 3 ounces avoinduputs; essence roseof Powder, uidde rosedeashns abd beat np Tinpeval 2 Toots, eat wes ‘onbacs coc ‘To fst, lles blaML Vanille. 1844,af Nos-“Pasti tho (usualy or 1580 pound 0 2 ounces poser), (in zo vanila of Edd ounce; j powder), Uno (it s; cloves cindapoi of vauillo, } Imperial fed ounce; exeenee 4 uidn cil ofup cassia, Sl of cloves, the wassof witheachcinpamo aad beat cache; ‘water. Thoex: Variety. of Every Paatilsprocolin 1345, ofthe g falar of 6 products to pleaseaf may bybe hovaried,emission ‘they Eellent quality» miter. tho f o fangy tho by the nts Chespee aromation ingedie tome of their other. St actio or fiom g the simply and. isereasin ‘articles noro ofmadoxo bycharcoal” salipote proportio on th dopend audgeeatiy qualities food burning tenoss moder tho mistio, the of ‘comple If theywaybamhe of themoromass, seltpetry ‘to compactnety tikslo a foofilledeovey, of andsligetio tho quantity it too fast, lesseut vet, isle slighty bo Should as book iu ordered often though att ion avon) cosnbust soniodorbe ding patil able disagree afnBorges is also unsuited fora ingredieat 1a Done Thconsemk. 1 Stora art augne, bgumetra eralaa;2f xounces; sity{346.H9 ounces, 25 concen; nse,roscavat Potineoy 1hfenkince aiticlent ounces; foeauthya toss; to bo divided fotoer sinall taea, 3 {Gtat d eascarl Powdere , Incense TSd7. mtr, storax, benvo%s, burgundy ounoesy” ite, cael ouco; mis. "Or oibaanm ofports;oMix . Tak Incensebevaols, Fine gs 1848, party > (uoyT tacox enedhe tiae i tier ial plana plate iron shut on receding formerlytaeusedi tothe perfume ‘were se, Ex‘areeu tasfem:of incuuse "Tre s! patient te in and Chuweh, Cathotie oman {ho Blew fi, oust wooly ot bit of and Herbs. edotberFlowers Preserv "1349," herbs, e nli vegetabl Tike an Flown, , fr priser generally now aro ances Pho sal.” mise of iu caumon by. means Ellauot, y iuimatal eousiss simply process of # theirthe weight aboutdown cy withramming rs,ntl and Efevdowe wistite gry good enaks ar Jars in steong possible asor Jars B‘Thoightly cellar ube boast ta placed aro'thon gant with covered sat place, eold orSn other keep the are put,tateto they might heaey whieh may this In s e s o l c ant tight moss Fen of season to‘Theseaot, from years, proctrvelor . three DoPott free Gent enflowers, gathered, recently be Should be quite shosld sal the aud moisture; ot flow forthe2 exposed bo may t f which ensure to dry, is above The oven. a in hours orIothod now geacraly flowed, hy ove mane s, dgaist s aromtle ed wolesiovogetabl ngetingpesturmer Mactuni e su fresh Torpros for Soubcensent diigo, Tt is Madees

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1

found that tho odor offlowors, distilledbe. waters lls pres Uncs from obtained Bey, fexted; is euperor to that of ons feomn eituer thoprudets recentKeepor bette, diied andvogotablon; whilst tho are quiée reo from Eefosprcaae herbs antrangesflowers Toh oud wbielowenotinBom but age, or redistillation, will remove.

%

1350, To Seont Tobacco, Pragraueo spay be imptta o toaceo, by msg with it, While sbghtly dap, a little easeadita, either in very fiue sareds or recently powder fl; of by a fiko aniler dition fuanigating of aay pastls of the sub(see Ih the odoe 13 appropriate to bo pectumed Uy thom externally with concentrated Hinetuee of enseaslla, or tineturo of beneoia fof stonis, oa miixunreof them; of a wninuta che pawdets, shed roots, oF Wood! ‘vo done ‘sp. Wwith the bundlo of leaves hae formsanti-ctoleraio tho centre andof thedisinfecting. cigar. ‘Thociguratocalled fro eon) with camper, cane, ead

1351.ro Scented or byAromatic Candles. ‘Thess prepared iutoluelng @ Very fiaall quand" of a n y " appropriate’ oromatis ito thd mnatoial (Gt, aes or thowick) of whl, they ave mad, while ifn Hguid state. {atpbor Deoi, ate of Peres. carl, essential ois, Cao ke, ants aro-geucrally the Seibstaiees lected.” be take ot toSmokyoverdoad is ten lit tho eandtey will buen give Hee 1852, ‘To Make Snuff Scents, Of tho substances used, singly aud combinad, toseent Snuff, the following may be mentioned as tho priueipal:—soaqua, beans, and tele oll oF Gssenve; ambergris, musk, eivet, and their

1853. of Tothe Seont Snuff, A.or sulfcient quant purr, exstice, oll haretho ‘Mer bewh roll intsed wie ito aly Detited istare iy added to.Sd thetho whois {Bau of snl ob tee ‘weltasteitredor raed up aud through tarued over.slora,Li to i emsas lasma Ue poner dite of th sant through tho 1354, me‘To Restore Odor of eatMusk.i Genuine reqesy thoeos evlarons by Keepin, utes prtutvo fs testoredo Lyexpositg i" t o the Tames of ammonia, Uy tnoitasing i with aunnonia water 1955, ti Peau d'Eapagne, or Spanish feather perfumed higdiy inely. Sika, Take of oil of Tov, neo, and raat, each ounces oil of lavéaden, Yorbona, Uergaraol tari |2 drach. unee; oil inof slover aud elntamon, Gackt ta disalvo,2-ouneod gam. bene wt Teather forfta day cpof thoygonaantlpiseosdry ofHe fasta aver Ine. Prepare a paste by tabling in t tuottat, Tdracban of eiver with T drach of

ask, and enongh guottragueanth, 3 to wive A proper cotsistenes, Tho Teather is ent up into pieces about 4 foches square; tivo of these arg pasted together with tho aboro paste, placed pieces of ‘wokghtoll oF pres itimeyolf gives bo close 5fsa ora sat forTt portumniug, Fesgates, odor foroxralies Ga fer shes paved e ot Sipleces of tio pertnmed leather, kept i tho Gromer or desk’ eoutalving tho” papes, will impart wo ita fino and dusdble perme.

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

SYRUPS

yiape, Gan we wane agen ha eet Te hea ren er go ir a aie, "elnino "Sugar r at gations ives ea

a ea ae Tr he sn ee et eed beraerre ae ston ae ated cee ta sec af ee aceee sereaneere Syrups are s for Syrups. Filter 1858. ae e ee ee Sah ee e cre ree sie eres epg es nalshe es se Ae See a Conical Fier. Teoh” e clarification, before

being added to the sugar.

ofthe proper cope Inte to produce aru s, . qualitie Keepingreccmm ing good those tence, ant possess endto pomd ‘The closely rtewrres perfct the production ofof a fed by Guibou befor says, s consist which, Syrup, make highly Shgar’ to 16 parts water. sugarTo should be in transparent sprupsby the the rom taken ese singe tamp, aod end prefer when as, loaf; the of bottom or broad end, or if it bo pow. taken from the ,smaller fleved or beuised the ayrup’ will be more or Amount of Hoat to be me

ito. topour:allow thethewater fiom, oThe two gar, ‘planfewand’ thio-stifora rtogetterbest e v {Cold) i the covered hours {Ne op lia Sca eat, steam of thot preerably heat, gentle ia aty foie the sig. Someor Aad i prepared aya deemn Casey) persons butt batwel; to allowed en t the euttn coat efhos ufos oadopt methea this f the gentlest kiud (simmer), and eonty-o xe or lapee toofsay tho neee after Should thekon itie Whenafew tominesbeby ehecked of theass fragments boiling,ded, i one Syrup euntro 2ghetlv weet o ifor they ayrapa, poautsty walIn over,botgwile ining mb it ol iy tear preveut wil soap, with pan Ihe edgeaeofthejulged by the mahufneturer to bo Syrups sve stentpours ove, drop cooled 0 or, taken ont Hkwheoll;s proper Spoon when thread gives nal eid thin a n "Whe 1863) Ne (Seeblowing upon the ayyp, ieskin3 Tencbel on Appears to bo completely saturated. "Those jRlsed Jie tests often Tead to errs, which inight bo prevented casly proportions, or eeavity, 1363, Table syrups Fhe degrees of of his heavy

mitteees Baha fiifuess to. thecopeu Fe eras oe

proper by employing thothe specific determining of Specifie Gravities of

Bauné here 8 given are those

saecharometer.

‘Suga Bpecite Gavi, 0 1.000 5 12020 10 1.090 5 1.062 20 1O8t 330 1104 Lies %0 115 i rs 1304 50 1330, 55, L257 i 1384 oT AseL ‘The latter density Is about the syrupus of the pharmacopeias; thatof the U.S, Ph, kas Is. gine. 1317; that of the British Ph,is 1.390] in 100 part

Fig. 1.

tana

hlsteok

fon Practical Pharmacy, ‘if Fecommends the use of & Seat wie frame ue Fig. 2) to support the flter, Thoframeis made to fit into the top fa suita ble tiv bucket, being supported by anim or flange tround the top of tho fame, projecting suf ciently torestontheedge Fig:2 1368, To Determine the Density of of the bucket. ‘The filler must ft the frame. syrup.” A fuid ounce of saturated, ra Whs weighs 1360, Quantity, of Sugar Used in SRE sath grainay a. gallon gravity Specie its «f quantiey avourdupotss_ proper eds “lie Syrups, Making to 9 to £32, of 35° Baty its boing point faugat [oFaprupe will, ix genesal, bepintfound of war Wan" Bah, and x doy at the taper ‘be pouuds avoirdupois to every 99 Bet Lt mith Hatho ices of BEE prepared proportions ta Speape. ter or thin aqueous fluid.Ss lost‘Theseby evaporation its fllow fur the trater that are those best ale ‘ark about 2° or 3° more on ‘Baum’of seale Asring the process, aul

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than tho thootherdcaaprups.part (Cooley.)_scconding {2G nt tng1725,thégivesspecliotho tamer grastyofof aahpounds arrup,tmmuigied of suger i shee pee gaol v e r y near 1804, "RS Breowrve Syrupe, The ye raion ofspaupeurwel var al scale solutoen. let promoted byVeryKeeping diets innvuodtrately cool, bat nota cal placeand Tet aprups be kept fa votes well cloned, iio nation5° bere theThe temperetre sever Fee abore Fah. are better keen nell than inthJs.for ott the fougee a fee ny bit tw tore syrups ai, eeaveentiLay thebottling fpoued, pe exposed ‘to the air. imivedately blingtynetstieandbles vee wihcoring alot a Soran preerved, bo may they ipi, ae porfetl don Beat, for tears, without atm sumer fren Teor fungus 51385,ihe"fo caning Provent oFSyrupcrrstalleaton from Gandy-Ot ings sugar, it Us byovercatrated SPF, nso Hoyts prevented the alton withof ate per tttgale rcetie cir aid (2.or drach of eeu tle a feeiomers provent granulation cig,io tn Prevent FerSyrup.of from 1833." nyof & serups lementaion The menting. elton the by prevented FoR pits potas eeommends o of Hime, the8 aide cole bate, euch chemist milk, t0.4 por cent. sugarngof ape thou uf about 3 fatto, Fosmeati ume Pu with expete theof byfepera ioraediatg elythearestore ay bocouatuti othe fava spit hte a of adaition the water Bilag ales1907,°" poo.o Blonch Syrup, aetatien = oF feat bo deesiorednialbp caeoa ties Sugar. Bolling of "Degrees 1908. Gn tbe €e, eauiles, for stgat propsing ta bling of dogrets alferent requires Feedote proper theorate to nigar the bung. tg Ievonlor he als fr fhe antvaioposectiytansparene syrup si elasded ‘Wel tsi, abdanda tipped until asker isnot ete frefinger Gre between trim ate a jses drawn them, opening Bhunby Breaks and crystlliv whic rend Sul elfen wow eam height Tus n fargerBe fnto with 1 wilnog dawbe Dawn if bolle ifggnin, Baers atrial tll 4 fom. thebo dpi frdh throgg' aul degre, secon ‘acqulied ie'hny fall boo suger wiling it arsives at the Afar sil fattheb feathered eugar. ‘To determine state called

it shake it aver the

‘Tha next degree is that of

whieh ‘state tho sugar that hugs toa stick tt, and d put directly into Dancold nnd wa: tabAip ed potinto asolve bur toms: snips it to cara: boiling: byreduces ofiy prove stage last "The otic dipping and aype mel hen, water, cold ine thea {avo thengar tandit toucbes the water, it will ‘ouSuptheikeoyomten glass, Teas now arrived a full caty Height the fire themustsyeupnot Bolling, the aoat ‘THeeg senor will ie ax to toobestfers,safepan! against this the se of ‘The geen 0to thethe beg inater tay, Calor eet, eam Dp iding the colorin ony Spray betore boiling. Flavoring essences

418

bistbe added when the process seny Sages 1869," ofTo Cordials Make undSyrups Liquors. for the Moxfacture Tako Tint of eater io every 9 patois o ¢ supe {und dis proprtion sit makes foe epee sina 2" Fam ne he anuctarer ten Flor condita, and tho easiest method of pacer Heady the ofproperthat vary on at saeettatog by the use of Banmé's byonce tale a eecttoonu Ret rars clnthing theShout wiion of 2 ogee GE po 0 Ru poundslitioSf vereSuge otoy, Se mtsaodfn thon ho eeBie poral, Ween as Syrup, Put into 0 very 1870." "Fiala clean copper ThotakePetit supa andBod fellons ter; the: white af 12 une Ta inrbance esbeloisin he ear © eee wePath s eaber igte BrBE, dudMe teen walt areca ale eed let tbo utsture be a ast tee bar Nl lnbegatneters sea ort sg fc thy bbe tra otto tule Sncigs’clusof thequuicsea to teens thetae copper dep toe re andeed o tn fe sey f theatre Tet eimmors heeyBeghtskhinming ie undewiyo (Guang cea Sad sud pura Sault; ten anddeen yoke fryA andfor takease Wont ffangi the copper, iil be Ts Rar mato wil be eto’ 1871, Gum Syrup, Dissol 20 pounds ve lett cle wie plrantbicin dp! walt Nearly bollg. Met tke’ pounds sna elatiy Tenodwith gallon water aad ihetele1873,gunaud ttt, fe? wan Syrup.Finis, iebody” ayeand {sflavor sometimes“Raspberry ne to give’ trbrandy: It aigtm of aeyiteao fered ry ce dat eae aac Thou der muted rele tog picked them ove, nah them fae paby wiiek put a ace ont fermedtation etitabd for aunt 3 daphas cbaAt juice throng h close lauuel bag, or blotting. Paper, and add sugar in the peoportion me tinned above; this ad better be pos dered Place spiap onIme theda five, skim it thecarefully, nok audfet itAsiebollheatsoF mix itplacejinn, ina glass panvesselof orwaterearthenware ‘id on the. fireur, (this is simply te waterbath)” When the Syrup ix dissolved, so that when you di Poe fore-finger in it and apply it to the bal {f'your thuanb, wd then separate the thumb niger, the fiue thread of srrup reaches from cach ‘without breaking, take i effs stein Hhrongh betthe wen cold; ane cover AH ise avelths paper ipa ts brag,

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

to the tHtngthe by tho ald sinof tats Ieeerh to beep Bratt weand pone, tani ge Bil t e n fio to ted vides dee tke fais ake fr the Beet eked ae Seti the whale fly of fr es & gallons Syrup. wil ‘uke 1875,Juice,Lemon Ieaton Toutes est uf leoneds folved dfrattelt wksof alta or exteaey the ibethof feurane snes eo tem Aly indalsuive pout OF skiespague then eljaicy boil or& Winutes; pounds ‘Take 10-almnds} Orgeat pnts.Syrup, Witter sweet1376,amon over ilthem neyith co, funaid hot.poe waters Jet pres then staid ten Jing tngMad mortar owe fngeesevo beat Beceotsint then heaa Suibc: fre ga ig watt als sk hagk Taga Ribareiuk oras Wen disco 6 illofa Stes rests Hel wy Shs HAG 80" pounds supa bull Up open dnd. add 1 pint onangectlower water then G87.jaruieeneare Arrack Punch Symp. Take aahtpleti BF gallons aber, Belaul then aid ip geilenslomon fae, tie andytheehh figuidemg is clear;cou pose008i into a clean {aby gallons Ba eg thm thea f Gofe, ronsted ‘Takeand. 10 ground, pounds ome1518." Java Syrup Colley ofrest toWell eofered, 8 patos tlbo cools stein andetpres;isaext olf fei annhos) pong; ba Sinan tes an then ta, Syrup, andTake!dredounceup citsrith1870, of CostonCinpamos cnimemon, Fab. caranatera powders of magnesia in morta, 4088 Tomake put ieia w Alte ag,wee ndtor Over pour &audgallons watsr on i; pour the over clear til ieRighavored und Rent tert got fy this way Seations Gisolve BU pintnds of sigar in the savored Setar so Wl for’ oes; Shen sk Se one 1880, ‘takeSiropT bound’Capiliare, _Maideahaie syrup. ueidenbair hey and SYedons bing water Mfacerate til tds fiekn af getto fret Salons take thesido whitet pressing, of 3 eggs90 beaten tuix themthcighd‘with en the infusion Keopa beck {horgot dle atheat; the'thuve 0 8 gout sugar bys good when the seu que ses, pat an Bice from the {lune af cit he alewil wake thes Sin eet tte an then orange-tawe skin und r‘ebenwater perteedy Chaeeneeafd up nt toes bell besaTS0i.,a sl Chery Syrup, Takeew dy 5 gallons kw Te se cut aa ial eh goes or speae easele Sire lear, skim anu stat ® 1982.9 oondas "Syrup Brickof omnge Orange oatPeel.Lo toaRee Auge peer,desdorized putin aleobol small pase Perelatoy and6 our slowly t on i till ss Hibl this. oune of Unctare have pasa vapor y to 2" fluid. ounees; rate spontaneousl Titurte aomneswith gir| ance and cmboontepie oi walle mage nosis Protatlyit Seats allel;tephe,sou oddthewaterbu ila i filerpitndot lun Titrte: obtained;to this ad 24. ponds

down with a hier Gan waste 0 1873,_ 90 ps Imitationwhite Raspberry. Syrup, disco s e a r 0 Balls fratery thet iuake a i f n f g d o t o f 4 pind powdered rnswot in} gllom boing ates mleton fngo vid theite sap thronghen fanned itis ate tn hh1 Ppound tartaric acd provionciy dissed abet ar Gabe fhm thd to hited to at pronespleni tse nation etal of euephrry coln, This trodes. Aemupdea,at acompaeitively fing est "Syrup, tueses diols Sik s outs baat td wea Bartisl’s Strawberry Aqugrts addGerirater fruitynatilexpres the ule 4 1988. Punch Syrup. Digest, 8 ounces udake straing St menses fresh leiuon eel cut a small picees and in this Farad, i 12 ossnees Famaien ram for 3 da Diselve: © pniule tive sugar Pinte

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lemon and stvain, Mix 23 ouncesallowstrained it to settle, juice with 18 onnees rau Dissolve lund ter through paper. fa 42 ounces 5 manypounds at a powdered shite suger nis al the Higuid heat, and when cout, entle Eigether. This is in no ‘way inferior t0 the ‘ost celebrated Burapean puch syrups,

‘Petroleum, or Crude Coal Oil, The name of petrolenn is now igepbatouoes wateo. “ihe teen apatiod cn at b's SHU nee s o d indomotte au af inet Me eer i cee aeree affenseebninnerraneig Sea whi, yolocach reatanee ser or alaswand Hack, toa Uagen, mn as, paceny be to former Tue Haat Meee to given nove nano cuts tat toot SRST or hace, wheter dosrption, tue Sayre aside a darker grat aps te bk ot the Heiter ia tnefouedvga in Gbieh saececat aera; aid thi,to pts graaly tft oaat ae Fate or slitPurity.bunuenPeizoleum, Task Caphalid to ioaT bor ut ad000 htos00 capecity iano napa applied e a e at erate with le tate vot tying furans noth ByPrerated pipes thong forward caried peo tute condensed and water,ont at tho en of th pipe fy runs fnnreed ehh Ryda 9 attory> God lgt productmartinais guoling Taian high cs seaiodn Fea hydro Gat ol incense, Hats ar Sth Seal fs ten somewhat obtainedhicfelled grat. gayest mores besetey et ed ee aaSEF combe when” aay Bane the an Fee beat the O72 about t e r e m g e iu Tee, daover produces Trt, cade tteass Hoesfatoorcredo burning o l . Toby passes of be orginal cant ratty Boe Toinfoyer sul se eetovtstted Sich Stancey boredied nay and tar efanmner granted paramateand ef ablamnang ety Be'the.parpese Parapet Se Rhesube othe tyiser in sperm feoombling cmsvertal dco er Fees prvcest oF piike el Ur i hratiars errenus ser pao Fade aur porthrone aged by rng vateRuy dausnetatel HsThamtentg eet 2 to Ty at t h e ech Mead a ata aa Thc minytes 90 0 1 weontinuad Boe etn nove te sat,ems when tie edd sn‘Ti Pao are arages the bntionn waterpean and thotheaTe maskedely Glue thenSaaate leh bp a awry and Tesuay Wienocd imputtiol Tanise oil eutabixed. in the blescing Femaining is Tee todhetoy tosettoy allowedwhero ocd Tanke, ait lghtas apoood Thibnert heatedGrong by means (9 ofcepa0 eala ofpasses soa peBem Touuiog ber ibnewtempers ae Eahwile gnite reeTOS a i e ni dalled re teal ant fs rondy to bo barelel wud dot iene in3ba Goaterae,Of, coalPlace 1828."eeselTo 190Clarify clase pone a saa tteToto a prakeeuonsc of limos] panetho manaateses ot astie Soetaea sithta fa hie tenhywe ks agsatedderod nals te cena sear 100 nsrain eotony oataero ailied’otis The Sit ae igel 3 s pends ta partue weyptle™ peigtpaltae poate ogaeOF Ineretoren xtc Saat ule es Renirei reeomaiatbe

419

DICK'S

ENCYCLOPEDIA

cupola,especial ul stig, elidel ation spoken of may terminate thetheyprocess,aro d=ot anShiny,immocoble i heCamaia; ease require distilled before be may oils’ the eect ise ty be sed ‘abens cupola feeated and peveipitate. Sat bss: Ceecgons iy support elena 1529, ‘To Decolorizo Keceseno Oil. lap with tho. wie Kerounne ofl is decolurized by sitting i up TBnmed, “A Kerosene

timed down,Gb eons to insake’9 slocying a sinall fonMaine,ol Sbowld net paced Sigut. A wickway cotocomanm milo wf felts gcaly ape wicks eaten oveup Fie1095. "To "Heep Herosene Lamps tt Heerfor Sar reaby. na Gettingfates from rosea or Coal 1530. WhyNo oilKerosene frequently gets of oly.the Irn theThisconden in andOilaof tine i theexplosive Baplode, tion’of tho vapor oil willakingbo therearising vapor when ouly itt iteet; by prevented, dacly not if reat, proper proportions mix ha tho desherwst From beconies cottigw holeItofn which i so anthe bo Eploeotfelvand ould willesplo tacit that wecket the arouil fivcaoctiy oil used forA Aimer iseremel; tim Uh felt af o a8 to from any vaporondary fuflzminable Tothera temperalure. i Fapeat ninon about eb wt, an plnco ie the purpose of Ham leave far uafl fs ol ola Feit ring thosteket tation 1586. "To.Lamp.Cement‘Thosrckotot the Socket on a Oil Coal or Kerosene Pest ‘To 1531, akerssene xarosene with henywid fen into which ihe buruer is crowd, fr raed” ofieu-slulte febens, oil Burning adulteration “Pho with, fs abost by dinest of the Mano fqucnily bocomes lovee orqomesof To fix: Gi, arformer the tenth, take wach the soaked off betekesoapost audthe aeold aceon. time, some for burned having Aer wth 1 ait coment Tater tee witha ities, to remove all truco of ef the wieks "Pie Danced by n charg a of s n a e n u by detected veadily be Thay inthe the fp, theandip wash Binpty eapecaly water, uu table:Chor rcase, wars Hide a thotneter, Eine manner, o r neck Spounful of thei Pi ofthe. which cup with34 tWarm Hisinufaiesaeket, Nesthe takeacket grenea cork whiehi bo " o temperatine the Mater, fits (not ton tit) into the oil oilan theby Sieutly, ami Serew it Suto tho #ocket to 110 amePali ty Dou Banigbt apply doating the ace Way tho cokbumier early is screwed) untthe tt eee UF dsothe inoll thei neato there Iatehor wi wevel the of TampBut ixit tieead {rik take ffurire, itisnite tation of theqeceive sockets thethis Wlcement. evoakeetethe explode, tw liable Uangervus, Tertreuch at will not take fieok Meet plaster of Pars ai it uckly av Chick safe and wlaudarene. theAT bilnan tenchth inthe. socket test ae HA? are Hable proso it rsaWil teflow,lain,fl athe pre fre tho Staul ipo Ce pissthe ation Homly into tho ket unt the age of ofiu tock ts clorely to the gla This oper tho Flame 1582, Toor Extinguish wiles: Water, Benzine. Petroleum plster mastdinebo todolenet.quietsLethbeforew butsth Remain {iin eeriehelinog qaantity wil ht extinguish fiat my, float 12 hone ina war place efor wing dr nenhy 9 Tewoul proteus smothered {he lianebsot apecdiy finwever, tho, (Seecork No.ant2200)scrape off aay woserow cloth, Thor afinen untsin set 4 or earpet or Hoth allering planet. orearth or maid heng throren over whieh Re Thess "oClean"Wass Venscls Ured to Concome tain1687,Merosene. witha , r i a the eseluting by fet hin with vessel the be nae Benzine, Shoko ARIE ot tne, which formsan evnulion with Dustin case 1533, TosithDeodorizo anta second remnvesumeeverywithtracewieof of of tathd poteoteur, ot coda and(oaide pinbate soa), repeatetiy by washifg Feet. incase drasivad Ted following pie sah ta bo beter Hin ad a vers sanallthe quantity ofremain ehloridoin of ‘Tho io fgaid and‘llving lime, of metal fiesfar porous repeatedly with eld th eet. strata toa a thon ogi and day Teustand Inufekelvers complete 9 b o nay 1984. ‘to Manage hat Keroseno Lamps.ob ‘fate even tho uel te dex thas cleansad render ates came ine Oe teed yo doabta fewbo hints mich will x0 are [iovet'as ‘These aeceptaithon. vessel fs bo Washed beer mmagement Rilorkecping heir lumina of common shrface {Ow very. dteral are There Lie. substaness tbat produce a lb as bel Sithavae aipped fu tho camo sabstaee. TE ‘ing of sed warn, mIostead be ne lat The fall its but ol, ermseue as steady. and Tiagt torte i c h rendered t s want of eh ve operation rarely attained, Dieoogh Dalliancy iv eet adherecan bota potvieum heap oe tekend i ie Stearic put gute Benton sabi, Hee thy afte Ueda directions e h t Dy following mavogemont, Rmeloica et by washingsean with fee cand, or Bp the auiounof ight wil be ‘ier greatest tho given Hero Sbtaibed, combine with eecnoxoy Hplap, the comaad 1596," To ‘Clean’ Kerosene, Lamps i wick, “The theil, ot Sumption aniand’ aut,lethoroughly ampdd inside whos, clean. perety be must s, appurtenauce aiid wag water, hoesoap Wit clear but clean, ouly must wickbentawustbe trenmed ex Ted clean, sto repeatedly emmney Tho sa Op. ate The brights and a drain Caco eps Tet telly thesquare, ‘vor enedaerosetop ofthe thowick-tube, eupols amd‘used notto Je no of vitriol, whie swith Tor 2 per cout. ul ull matter, with, Will etrbonige tho coloringssme otherdencaustio or Time af mille some apd redistilling, ‘Tho latter alkali, setting, indispensable. Appears to be

raise. Cheor tdiuning, ‘comers the entMame,olf ther thread! extreme the and ick, wins, A sick cannot be ted ellthe with acesoryhist, et the These thethesharper all the isso teriba shupe.f fine. thoy appear, ace greatly sieregarded, ame dilwade.yellow, consequence Thefsa buruere the Bhd with fd apt tonne,

_ Compounds to Tes. tnd -0 inimas ater eric La t the bearings from rustingkiuogs . abriew jreven t of co s a certain amounBut tom imist’ posses they ion.to rotain thelr e™tho attract hiesiv and heaive power ase also tint of ” der tbo. ction Cahesionto and iuidity t contac e, and press Heaty heat, modera ubricators. s.

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with metals and gir. ‘Tho oxygen of the air attacks many kinda of oils, Fendoring como ‘ef and others resinows; aud moreover seme oils of mineral ogtraction aro contaminated ‘with acids, used in their rectification, which attack metalic surfaces, tho oxidesof the metals thus produced inerensing friction meehanically.” ‘Tao oxides of metals havo the power of aponifying vegetable and anianal oils, and ‘nodoubt this combination often takes placa ‘whon oils of this kind are used on rusty bearings. ‘Tho soups formed by tha union of the saponifiable parts of oila with metallic oxides fre har and insoluble, and aro, therefore, imuch less perfeet Tubricators than tho. 6} themselves." Somo oils, moro particularly thoso extracted from petroleum, ara volatile, and evaporato ay goon as jourbals become slightly heated. Oils. possessing those defects aro uufit for purposes of goneral lubrieation. Probably nothing else has ever been Aiscovered that possesses in to bigh a degice all the properties desirable ja. Tubrieator ag oil. ‘There hava been, how: sperm approsiinations puro closo ‘good, some ‘ver, to itin lly extracted from petroleum. Many of the Jatter are, nevertheless, very inferior, Somocxcellent lubricating oils are also obtained from ‘rarious seeds, ‘Tho olivo aud tho eastor Lean olive

nig atperont ‘inter operin oil ie been fly establehodon Uythe experiments inate daring 14 months, ear aud locomotive astonto etprovea leading lino ff{vingraroad;. these went that when mineral, animal or fsmozeeleof iethese required {rout 100 to 460° per cent. oll tokegp the temperature of tho Journals below 1g? Habe thao sehen ‘winter could sperm thooil pres: was instance no in nnd émplayed; fore onanytoother eneahal ofl, uoIt alsd twith was alsoto 8,000 antl pounds ‘Bot aderconsumed varios fa voroctite, the amount of fin all Tabreston tho nad the ra te aaa of fyAlmont tho velocity sirens withont daningedtoytpnere ed0 cousiunption contd ba i Sreagad

in socuivansacei mars?

petals snc ‘compo Nee OEE as Fe a ETE tin, ke tata a eetin om Flogod ia Munich sith wuoeasa and coationy Todimiaish fletion ia sachin Tionsintot

420

4 brushand tosoldost tho pivots, thoen cogsoueaof inthe3 wheels, da, tor hire evar toon that ths eomposton replaced satiafutorly th el,aud tallow and tarfut-Afths tee erin ron-works saved abont Sof tho coat of thos arteles, 1545. ots "Lubricator foroHWagon andAxles, aan ay aad fun, on ike oo nectar For ‘wag anixtngligaof laren. ierine ad plumbagoables. ines"A fino 1846, Mankettrio "Lubricatin k’a g Compound, # pounds eanntehone dssuived Inhspits1 pottnd of eurntin, 10. poands cominon fod, io Aasolved 10 gallons tor, 10 gallons lig, of el thorangtily neorporated Byesudvons addig the eaotaone Ike 1547. Viaokieal Anti-Attrit Grind ionfour Grease, togotier with tines ies weight of lard faor tallow, ‘Thisaadis toaodprevent. to Tesse Fiction machinery, ron Fuing, Te was ob 4 patont eile, “Can hor M sometimes adiad, 7 pounds to tho owt 1548, ett Anti-Fricti Doll onalkGrease, taping tal Tht, yl ail lied, allow Te

‘white glass lotto filled with olivo ol, aud cs: Posingit to tho sun's rays nt e window for ‘somo time, till 9 curdy matter ceases to do: posi becomo quite limpid and Eolorloss,and thoUsedofl forhas fine worl} docs Bot get 8. (820 No. 1551.) Or!—osposo iso oil to tho lowest natural sporatero attainable. separate inte iro portions, a thick, aolidTL will ass at the bot tom, gd a thin, oily guperatant guid, Thi be poured! off woile at ha Tovr tempera tro nached, and is then fit for use, Delicate cloek and wratehes aro now lubricated. with 1550, ‘To Prepare for Watchmakers Use, Olelne Oleine is the liquid cr oil aud fat} by saponification it portion yields Sele neil. Abend oralive oll 3 agitated ‘stout bottle veith 7 or times ibe weight of Strang aleohol specific 2 gravity 705, at nearly the boating point, until tho while jsdissolveds the solution i; allowed to cool, after whieh tho cleat fhid 1s decantel from the stearine has be n deposited, aud after filtration,which tho spirit 5 removed ly distillation at gently heat." Ry expasure ata low temperate ie deposits ny remainingverysearing, aad then racomes pare. 1581, ‘To Refine Oil Fine Mechanfst, "Tefined oi fir fine formeehaninn ean bo prepared by putting zine and lead shavings {qual parts, lato good Mlorenco olive of dadin placing in'a cook place olariess.” (Seo Nd, 1495.)til tho oll beebinos

WV

Bterprooting. .smerone ‘plans “havo beon ivented for rene

ering clot and felting waterproof: tho best methods adopted azo given in the following receipts © 1558. Waterproof Porous Cloth. A povenis waterprnol cloth iy Ue best fur outer facinenta during wet wether, for those whose Antics oF labor causes thes to perspire frealy.

DICK'S

ENCYCLOPEDIA

‘The host way for preparing sich eloth fy by Ue procest adopted fortho tho.Crimeantuoies war,of CyJt French soltien during igs fellows10 gallon “akoog 24 poundseeralm honand a.dae solve vessel theof water, sao tndquantity fSeparate Toad a diswolve' J0 gallous rUietwo ag of solatione. mi Pho lath snow well bane aed fa his doa Tiyuid fe nehis squeezed every part of ie infs Hnetrated; nd ied the ai or fa adatwaridean apartment, bontheu washod air Hoe use, Ie ceossry, tie cloth nay be dipped the lighd andliquoraiseappears tic betas ingwhenashetho elt‘ion hosd teal eundled. sotitions aro mized together, ‘this & the rest of double’ decompositio tala:n, ian whieh Teal, af thoUo. stipe eal Uelog formed. ‘Tho suiphato of feat is taken®it igup unaMTeted in the pores” af tho cot, atl "hy ras hoteture, and yet Te does not” render theor Sloth abit,le. "SichA soliton lth hao bewranin of ahpact Hae wTally loth, prepared el render as deseibed partho waterproof, Bavit 3 not eo good aa sulphataot rainfend,” likeSuettho coth—co or back oa dton tn-ahells feathers on tho at's duck 1554. To Water Tweed Doling quarts Cloaks, alias in twoproof Dissolve & pound vos nto a water tho elation ata, od! pour spring’ ant te gallons. in cold.this vessel Bgattnont containing mamereo tho2¢ fours. Dissolve? podud togar itomain avd pour2 of boiling in 2 quarts oftho leadsolution cobtabniag vasselwar, spotter Intospring the garor ‘Tako wring water. gently of cold first 'ressl, gallons fieand hoinmrso hoot fein {Ne socoull rose pres it, 6 boars,to Ge goutlyThismiiag.receiptity andhas Pot he it iaFemi tho sade y. hong Yoo voryted similar adi. halt cso butsed,only to ofth load4Last,user Tisantity of adsugarTound and. the i separately in the eolutionsof Making ‘lath1555.is nmorsed Cooley's Method cioth Waterproof, iis ts esinple, bul perfectlyWaterproot svecusstalwithoutmethod ofnt Tendering tho ease being,‘loth Bloth sigproot au tho wrong seon with, Sproat fine, Use pare and tree ms(petleetly and stlnes Smooth wax of bees!unto Slump 8 punts vet frm ers), appear grayish or white uniform, but alight, at hnout dong carly TE ah he candio tes” may”janbe blown “uighiy, atholighted yet a. piece thfough cloth sf eoatso offaythe havosani,noveral paced ylassflls rors anof Waterhivert”poured ty withoat ofny feot Uy i ‘presuo fone ce olow thvongh; passingsnk tiqid thoEpo goo Sen aliae Felting, Waterproof French 1556. tat wenanded heretofore. competion, ‘This Us i adopted for raga has Thoboon information France secretin nary. was formed by Mr. Parent the roach this torial fg Te Chemistre?” is made of applied tots Journal forsraterproo compo ooxidizablo t 173 India bbe, by weigh thus: 1058 parts. sawdust, powdered 10 parts198 t, parts finely2 Stel parts sineket ting, part sul Fulphus, Bn of etna tho above,of io,td (parts homp tow. 185, "topatsmix sate heated csliuders, toJp obtaitl very tht nnadestallintoa. pieces which pat sas omogensous divide intothis substance, and aftereael cnkos,be dssolved.. ‘Lo dissolve fotake 4b pounds spits of tarpentino, henne,

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DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

(common erat, is preferatte), petroleum, or su 1560, Berlin Waterproof Cloth, a tho proper emishaence. Peto coe noavor that firm in Tesin bas or sowie years furaished'e | Hoifizaan discos th Ie must ho stited br 6 tines dura 24 Couples alert cou tesecret. easetein addr ealais of ean hour atthe end of which the thomass vil i 21 beats piace, ‘Akos a Kopl been las which Inking toSproul theroughly divolved,.‘Thesotitiunstien howe stated, however, that'tho methodihocloth cox. — 7291 bec, on te fares or artetesto be presen Heblingaidha x nrentunterorable gud.charcol, Melis | saturating in probability all ju sists tanain ot eDapied f, by means of rollers, ives, or spatula, of 9piaion alum of sulphate of solution witha atiistand ef copper, and then iinmensing it in Powdered calls. to tho purpose, Apply as uiany ina . Petersbnrg, likewize removes oats as nay be decesery, and then et it dy. Straw f resin o solution a and waterglass of ‘bath ‘ tann o f in by mea ‘ot gelatin. ‘Ke'toon asthe abst ie ty,tollers ie fs passe to bo 82 Oxee seamsstiffening the copper of from ‘The-hjeet Soap. der pasteboard lausinating in one to rottmg or the cloth to prevent feeon rolled sto up toon thos lollsacs,fron pipe, “The Which fae tsis ‘woke Purifyofhoney Method Rebling's penfectly(Seo thanNO. ean1561.)be donoby the olon ing©1867. ond of ounce ial One Honey. abe. fag overel Will cloth t o prevent Wate to por grain + with sized aro water Hounce {hePipe, rou,with ‘andporforated tho wholelorplacedcover}in asteal copperIa et bing, and then mixet 1561,ures‘fo bathe Waterproof Linen,oe Canvas, eo.” aro prepared follows! Tok “ottadtoed at a prose of 4 athfor ‘Tho first, by dissolving 1 part neutral eulPor the best honey it Spheres, which, prossoto 9 mafataued "ti detertsino ple of autlan (incensed alan ek) ely premise ius, ache ona of which tito the operation rater, A flog Ento'purts cold water. or tho fecond, bol the neworaryy tatiy i senied, I r i t bo Weszed to givo ties in part light reso, {past coda eryetala end 20° eulene precipitate takes pla which readily Desmeabie covers a baci color‘n solution of clear penfotly honey the W a v i n g Separates 4 add : divinfved is soda the till water, parts Eulpbte ef feos, nat-gall and fogwaod $s ep Porteomuon st, toseparate the wien aud amber g.eory p a l e Sellow color, H k o that of piled with a brash. mast T i q e o r strained wine;the Krom feine mente, snap vehi anabo ath pertoety thes soapsot diswale the Eiiet the quantity of palmaiteap amount pantsaap hah 1657, To Mako Waterproof Joint Squal the of thea quasitity sho Hisnewa aise the must Pais pacts Closers, Caps or joint closers can bemade of si ealenated, of to hole ani, rater of consists ints third Tho ts each ‘about the same materials as the aboveby ols Bons tho fae ara 1 nfopotheeyaviedots a fallowees eated pow 4 grains serving the following proportions: Diaolv Alam baeas next. qucrie dhru water and hmey of f o a p the elquaestr, whofe the SLE parts, by weigat, of dia rubber, in-eut- ihathy ond lastly, nibvoln tho weer, (See 9 de ud die whee felebt bonding; then mie with it AS. parts 1560) ‘hefew fis tisie ‘dust, 2 parts sulphu, 3 oarts red Lead and atmnee, sale Hecitatee otes the ater 5 parts cach of alms, slacked lime, and Lemp and saekete ely Soap. Biotallic 1562., strained is torr, adding benzine to mak the whole into sehen audiclontly olear, teemmnen if fris highly finsoed a ar atesj if ue aeirats ey ony coy way ‘apiste. Por closingthe jointson steam em Fg eas eens ° See us motsereyweetbut permeable Dulng not onlyaio ines, hydraudie pumps, &e, i time. for slong itu Purifying ‘Methodfsbo ofbeat “I3G9 YossVogels etiod expense, 1558, To Render Articles Waterbenap maeis tn with Treabiue’ Ibem 9 pou gronopt hot ia disulved be s Salt Befullogs roo. patéat hae xoenty bon taken cthud of Mater, and. vlntion of coppeses (aulpbate — heaey Tehiee ui tere tll eats, Path Paris Tor reetiporou ng s paper, {cor the canter od‘Then aid waterie tvee mnake cont seid anipinvie. loth, eork, spmago, and ater mabe “The adled. iron) SE Mest Good until tho Stances watarproah hs well aS aeteles Ina Glnes wa to ‘potas a Lie soapy and the nee at-ayrepe Pour it skiaael be Gez"can of w h i t e hole from these jcle bane Iatty the w i h t ding nsate precipitated d fs ion of Oxide raly Seat ofAe bee Duis fe wash notes, envel gloves elotb paper col Eo ing, opes, , fagoluito as ‘id Jar, tmrel fod dried, and” mised with Tineoed oi buttons, ard. fot it got ee Thooat p feos ity,ving.lab oive, ‘ho aaltion of diseolved [ui mabber to the the Js—avien the pro. honey slate dissol parat gevatly improves the paint nae he deen off thru the atest ‘ies, hitipu orbdbeino,£8 entio free il 1563. lyamade renaph tha To Render Canvas Fire and “"Y 569." from or ol The solut to bo ion bath, Honeyreinov fo genen, au cy ih Towater Clarity canvas, de in'av with « glass stopp and 38 (0 bo er, ostel ‘Waterproof Tents, asawnings, aural the evar. Less, feeabie than’ 780? wells waterprenis shake repe til the secu 9. teeo fireptont’ xtol n borage may fone — with diluted glase Bisel hnto eetmakestof of par a a thoulperfect d ) bo Wing Dy immersion in rofubte "139" Sulers ‘Method of Clasifying tied, no a8 having re water to25° Dawe. Before thor oughly drg, fiymierse in a solution of sulphate 3 mntieg of hoseyof water 8 th The Solga soliti » "Phe ari to be treat. les on. ted r oaMt and sulphate of cop: clare cake) inaue (alum ia aluininn’ eis sed fof fora the, oesor ding a boil np dor6 times withe to the deknto ess or ether porosty& ofeonpthe tissueada , and per (bluo vitriol), {pareof slowly each £10 partsor is tha aoe I t noes rang nechv a e the otp ed in fubic ike dry then Rraters tina “or the pouct of tho Hiquid to ratio n eooled, brows being alter ad five, sult A Fabries, ‘Fireproofing {5¢4. soy. ert pth Taf ‘romo ce stra linen strong val af edphate parts 24 and bores parts ¥ of tion {0 ho" died by "tho applic in 20 parts w rcommnented. gd earezed swith lager uf cleat and well avtcl a inixtice of aul ‘washed rand ta jucd it depth. | When tho aevapo tion es of "are.heat,leavioF inthe thepapeaie.” orShoothersolvebabent Ormagaosin ‘lation bas fy dhe. steaiter, i ratessatur of time. “Solu , ated ngwith parading finpermeublo fosulphate fondlesing wood nd thea’ Staeo {orwater, aud"Avtieapableof ofdros, resistingsuch thoay netio n Tess ialamtiable of-acl papat ces ds’ collaraetion s aud ofwrist bandsno, shoul d bed eubjec ted toin thins oeClarity, Honey. Disa fheolor a lati or heate eylin der, sxe The to give them a high degee of pele ey, 9 . o ‘on 1STi. tof flowers, the beeaod fanttepoitf the Pias aityth ings an ‘Tho apple of this proge are mai st l, ation s : y Reoat oceans ait rong 23 p o u n d s a t bony, exo and new onesa const s then u g e s t i n g ro atly mb, eon folic ooist wees rniofnea nyrop tit hos Paroie Sri Ssceat3 tnlantesy ad Henkel to sales lizd ysta taer uf ef aici required; svatflo OF ftouey 1559, Balav Wate for rpro i?'s ofin g appiea, aged ett ecataiud stearne peasy Sat craperte Uiueres Cloth “Tal the antr ing. eeon mett sUbe purposaof sued, “virgin fe.hueyIe fsthnt er tionee i beatod 3 copper of tion of acetat c alan for f o iina ee a'thnvee Si, eentaisial Se des cloth inpes fo water ing , ig vions thot ofi foacotaho laanatn motoator ofof alum soe Snllnary How, that witsied hy heat and tse in euthen of ele bo conduetel tite:copper p a n s tis of sed fea ndtn 8 wulp prose To Purifywale, 1GHoney. 1566,4 pournday fay ly oftoute alls, hhonoy, d inndecom positeed ion onof thetho eotit pets Take of 1572. Shute's Artificial Honey. Sole Acet ulan ts prod ate ) Bn onclea to getU2 asidePati,over(owt tonight, baling or water, best honeyscreamySoaney Snof alum heni theateregoods ave deel, ase egeta te Yehite 6mast pounds; sacheno ts pare20 pales of tar "Ms it to th ve, and tous pro. s of roses 26 drape funees fas, 80 gzaina; iy_ pool foots it from the action of molstaze Hho , Mik the above’ kt a Urgsy kettle, boil over a proce s is pastietlary secounnended for rl tnd strata I Ucn ‘Troy, fa natu rato fharenal fire 5 aminntes, take ie eff, al tho tory goods

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whites of 2 when almost old a 2 pts a ft shipper elm will Smprove the hdecetien honey if I bo added While cooling, but it will Ferment in ier azul rive ta the sure.

t quae; Gooold beebrownhoweyangae,ih water Honey. pounds; Cuba 11 1873, ema olof oftartar,pepper.50 2 pendsYounes; tho, naycomb,guanarabie, ofl ofandrose,remevedrops.fiom theMi fre.and drops; Ilan, minctes 3 Bor boil quart weatr inem whieh Have reas, strait, palverze of ‘Atable sspoonf andy ie ropy bark tomakedstippor Has etocd sueondly long il Kelle like wllhomey.ep"afis ehBk intowel thenator thick exe ch 2 poundsthe a ile andcael headd stra when honey, and oes! fuuls atrained Zico a article and yon wll haveike notonly ‘he, honey, sh Tie senda (The properties, weather eaten elmal wilite modieal fesraens frment MNppeny to tho surface) far Take 4010 Honey, Artificial 1674." water, pounds 4 augur, Havana pounds omensdissalvaof 10"drops Grains creamyasof tartar, fst honey pounds and a slow the fre,cream if thoseun, water‘Thenoverdisslve netake mugar tie of waterhoney,andaheatedwthto in aidethen warm oftartar the add string; fone poy the essehceandof Meee thena fewadd moments ‘bolting polit; for ie ermine; Rand will cold, when i wil be tend for ag11575,eonExcellent sugar,2 Honey. uti, ‘Takes wats, pounds gra fly. bring to 0 boi, shinning w e l s whenof fod), add oud bees houey aid 4 drops It) youdosive’a otter aPtcle oppernints Uso white sar and pound loss water ed $ pound m o r e honey. 1576..ifeequontly To Test alstarated the Puritywithof wiolase, Honey. Honey ‘potata-sugar wheat owerdetected. andby ‘water. ‘Tho syrup, sholassessatch,maybe tho,by boilinlor aaa sainplo oe ofthatheyeashomey fora npr g thotof ine fo water containing @ ved per cont. feaustie potassny if tho ligaid remains orecolor.oF oss ieis prey batt turns brown, Jes ie fsullerateacining to tho guns by the“with Honey The starch, ofayrap present, tity Ponting hea clear solution ‘ator, at striking a bie color with fodeu Whe it contains wheat fon andy Beeornes heated, iat frat liquates, bot on cooling solid and tog. Water is alded to Douey to Inerensn ite bull. Tts sos pected from tho greater provenco thisness maybe uf tholiquid, ees” Wax, Thosubstance whichby forms tho cells of bees; obtained. ielting the comb in water after the honey has been removed, straaingportion, the Tiquid mass, romalting tho defecatad and casting Eloeakeh, Tex was, wonabalone pu, 1502 hs neither taste noe smely i ells dnd is of aspeciic gravity of ae06 ‘without s m a k o or disagreeable fokublo in water, but soluble inbsutphido al proportions {aon,tho and.fixed and’ volati ofl, of ear.ia bovzine. Its completa. salutien these’ substances demonstrates itshousfreedont from fecula, sulphur, rawedust, oF dts, ‘whiet have b e n fond in hoax of com oreo, sometioes emaunting. to OU per fof tho Whole weight. "Tho abundance end ent,low

422

privo of parafine have made this substance Sue of the principal articles ueed i the falsif cation of was, aa perhaps of all others i the leust objectionable, without marked the system. physiologieal effect uponbeing 1578, To Bleach Wax. Puro white wax is obtained from the ordinary beer wax by exposure to the influence of the-ran and weather. The was is sliced into flakes, and laid un sackingor cuarso cloth,thin stretched ‘onthe frames, resting on posts to suiso them fee gronid, The wax tarmed over fre quently, and occasionally issprinkled with sore water, if there be not dew aud rain fo muisten it. "Tho wax should bo wufleient in about 4 weeks. If, on, breaking thobleached tho wax still appears yellow insite, 1t flakes, is ne ‘essary to melt again, and flako and expose ita setond time, ov even flene, beloreit hecomes thorouglily bleached. ‘Phe time re uired being malay dependeat on tho state of tho weather. ‘There it preliminary process, ly whi, i laine mich Gna ave jo subsequent. bleaching; consistsIongin passing melted wax ‘and steam.this through pipes, so as to exposo the wax av incl ts possible to tho action the steun; thenco nto a pan heated yy a ofsteam bathy where 4 islowed stirred thoroughly with water and thew ale to settle.” The whola operation is te peated a second aud thind tine, atl the wax 4s then ina condition to ba’ more readily leached. ‘To Bleach Wax. Wax cannot bo 1579. bleached with chemiesls; if any’ other gent bat supebiue cpufed, yt of is properties will be destroyed, and jes geuuite ‘wax no longer. Closine will whiten, bat at the samo time greatly injure it. ‘The chlorine 4s fetainedan fons o1teombastion,outati

1080,Wax.French Method of Bleachin Bees! hie wan io ined heee n ts Yeswl s and after compl ete iquet tetee agitatedforwith ounces of pulverbed ceesey oe tient eachtion 10 Tis'a " pudda ,d. torde anepoaie ot Ininn tes” agita llawe ny impur ities , ade dsute n into m weed y vest and allostbs wed tauc to esit depos,it cant, a frthoewr aisou ndno et fins ste ‘whiley lig ula jina drawn upon a htsweeoe partl inyme rsed water, torwi veh ss totut fon i s give n—ti ns prodv eing thin sheet or nibbote ns was, witch nay’ bo detested fiom roller, behigfisnow wencyir eee cess of bleac hing. Wstenlog accomplish ed rSy {heuponexpos ure ath yello w a sou , to the direct aya of the sun and tietho ‘was dove,clothsforcompl sovera l days, durin gSalone whieh thee etely ses fur boweyer in prtet esoperatiopos sibte tooffet bleachtakeie Was at a singl e ion, n a tho pace only on ntho (hic sanoe,! aud an the Bobne have a ertai It g iv meeeaetey ne analt them anew, aud havin repea ted oethe Spe co eat ing i t bat ted Secondd, espos tce, ‘Thosr ax ofthusT tobenched telte ill cast juto dses earee s ‘weigh t, and farms the cere alba of the Poet macepaaae 1881. Method of Blead Bees! Wax.!Italihoan sliow vac ie ine meta ja kettle, sod then ts dipped into a tom tin vessel that will hold Sor out gallon ‘which 03 49 row of small holer aboats, andthe uttiag-ace in tho. button is vessel 3 fised over adl, eylinder

wool 2 foct ia length and Is inches ia of diameter, Whitt is made to revolve Tike n priadstone,

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

ono ond15 ofaTeentconthfeet, of andwater 24Uwefut inin width, Wy depthon ‘Aetho malted wae falls small streans iis wee revelving eylinter, i offat ens toward.aut thine taftuer atin Hibben al flsts end of the tmngh of water, “Ie is dh Sigel oat wihties), oie (ha ay be inal of stor spread ox a top mado of anal willow me, cor ‘elton and then exposefu this ‘way tthewhitosancloth) watt bleach. Spermacoti Wax.ae ‘Tho 1982. presence‘To atDetect spermacett in wht igin sold virgin was, is shown by its redueed. melting in its bending Uefore it breaks, amd by i lavor when chested, 1583. To Detect Japanese Wax in Boos’ Wax, Aconrling ta Hager, tie is de ‘ormined by theiediffereat Lebesior iu a con: eentrated folution of borax, atthe boli point. is totallywaxinsoluble Solution,Boos!while wasJapanese discoleos, in sueand fon cooling forma a milky white, gelatinous mass. Hom a unixturoof the two the latter dissolved out, carcying with it a partion of the former, walle aaother portion rises und ceoneats on the ruehiee

Credo Bees! Wax. To Refine 1584,eapecilly wag, s that imported, 3 Toa withica dit,it fombows, these at ott toro sox Aengoes the operation of ref : tone by mating to wae along with about 3 bebe andcopperaterballerthe wiley bysaa stent, Dereon. af gated Dreforaiyy ‘holo is pefetlysitndeaing. Ligh and hohas boiled for a foe inten, hea sing over fsofsartaee with olfutdvito, he eeedyprsportoa ttofpri abent 3 ord ounces 100 poutls of wax. ‘This operation Shoal be conlaeted withdon eactesly, great earetho ncmelt f cmspeotion, as i Srax il foth ip andshoutail alsover bothowellsidesseatof eld ‘Tao Whoppa, mole hourswas Thofor somo the hotaovet,stthiee, forevereovered host ul Te to sate, oroff ilato thebecomes selon coatveryto irairh moulds. Tey chon gontly daeantai skinnedinto thaIncite,hotwhere fade, itisand eltbaitedto Grool, Great caremaust botakeu vob todistu tho drawa g sediment, When u tore clear wasmeltingean te i of, thoto coolremainder bopan isallowell ot fo tho caoimparitis ad andthe ty taken i realty Erie hes) sera (ivory jer tures, seconeleoperation, bitsteained rege, waycanay beat tinea amd ‘rag jngo a mioatd, ho gzeatarenwich thesballaboveat roses 1500. prodeosa wax nt in tiabest Beebo! briged cored on seuransuce pote ad ‘he former sett melted massad todeea Ensurean by byallowing val cami tho skim the withtmot bestrbia tho clearTe orto Ingtelinnent, neo pone sso Shenl cae, tobe es Sptfo tomoride separate,too andwearin, tho resettingMh cake? Streaky, oF ofbe different shades oforpcolor.slowly,Tt loudly allowed to cual 1 cael rap, espocaly sta garrant of p s i e S i rie, i ato erack aad incaave veg neg about theie was, Somme aveponstho Soho Calor posed widhLee astuoeosarybresh towhentase quitotho Colt d a hae. ans Indes ado wae thisut pcan bot, a wito Hopiaite process

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them fn such andquantity as to reuder tem in convenient, often quite useless, without ting1585,constantly seraped «ntWax. Another method ToWefine of‘eryreniag erade wax,is toandmelewhiehit-withproduces a brigitartile about efcrge cent. nite acid earnof orconcentrated stoneware Yeste}, heated hk by& furan op a salt-water bath,fies.and cease’ to continu the boliog til mitrons to beto volved, aller whieh the whole is allowed Settle, and TotreatedColeras Bees! before Wax. Much of 1988," thewhichinnported waxno basa pale diy” colon, renders, matter how ar, object tiunable tothe retail purchaser, "Buch“ThisWas Undergoes the operation of coloring, Mone at fallows:—A. nmall_quantity of the tatoro voll annotio, one into slices (F pout, or Tes,af thowo I Tater), est wa,is patdepending onleanth pateness ito Poller forwithsomeabot a fallow of water, aad Wed time, oFlallels it 3 ofperfectly dis salved, when a few tho melted ‘wax are aed, and the boiling continaed it he‘water waxis hasmostlytakeneaporated. up al the ‘Tho’ eur, portion or tl theof ‘rar fs treaiedsn hssquantitynow adeep orange color, and is added as required tolaygertho Fenainder of the melted wan mn the boiler, Gill ecizerving proper shade ot colors produced ‘hen cold to well mix tho whole, fd en enough cook il now andthe fo aera bas been to.added, ‘The copper st be then Drought oi, Nasaad 156 treed Sth wil nae hore,” (See ‘ToGoodGolorbrightBees’pataWax, Anotier oll to the waie cts naficlent color; vit. thy plan om often the faut req for ftheobjettinae he purpose being so largo atta fare wax, besitos whichthe color ‘quality protiveedof 3theinferior a n d les transparent sont permanent ‘Factitious, or pounday Imitation Bees! ‘Wax. Yellow resin, 16 bond mut,2h tonPonnutsysiet mele oF tteasn. # pounds; pal ol together TH. Ablast, but slstitateturmeri, 1 i pound, for the palm oil. TIL, water, Best anotto, 6 ounces, ofabsolved, suflcientaddto colar; 1 gallon bi Ul fard inatton70 snet or steurie, 35 Conant pounday agye lee vei poy wis {ation tii pertectty iniged” and of & proper Coll aids intosuntbasing_as Teto begins tWhen o. UneKen, pour iuont cool, cold nbTee cadstealeake ofoverakinwith obiteneate alte potato starch, by farrier 1589, Braconot's Method of Makingof ‘Artificial Wax. Aur shimal grease allow into is iguetied by ciboxes of tnepeatine, Dotted small rauad lined with andfal {aboredtho ininsdo, with and a number of small Prout holes the cides tho bottom. Shea lores,eo ligt Dreed at dually, but sufficiently to get vid of the EErpontige oil admustall thebe washed dies, a loag The time sem aso remaining jntespentiio, water, to take aay ope the nel oforf the sersral oll of asd then fit Hours with abitaalcharccal freshly prepared ‘aRerwanis flterel whistbean boiligg” wit When gooled is sian fair abd withfree chlo fron tastoortransparent. aml; auddis,silloF bitte, mix well With PolIa wasbia. to ate give ysuppleuess. the unagy ean be les ot turpen to be Aisinguished frou waxmade Tato Tights. cand"Tho

DICK'S

tine is reparated fromcf distillation, the otber ofl,gm and fraporated iy meats this doit‘hareoal when sof porielgreatanirervice whitened! with auizal ithe Porpreparation ota soap extrewsely well adapted the tradei fad for household purposes." This auiunal ‘whom ‘saponified. wilh teidulaed potas, aodsodathen.oftenOy Inoue of the sulphuric ontainel tho other iy, eants boalsochanged fntaahard sola neap. in There 8 alan ile the fy demant umneh potas, of hate Frorke, te beitaed fom‘Wax.it ‘This is made 11580.’ Modeling oc‘withhitslard towars makwhigh fy ulled Tiond working used e i e mallee. Trttcthe withtoolswater, and the to. board or stone ace mois prevent itr adhere; inay to ty desirable int with any toler1601.bo eolored WaxI forpugsPolishing Floors, To prepare t h i n yelloe was, moped, Ero stra Sito a HoeealtionKeepiog of Gpounds good isture the water. rats in Dearlasb, Yrel tired wile toboiling, its fist quiet, but toon commences frothy and we the oer= oiconen comes, heat in topped, andstntog, there ronulded to the mnstore, we sill ponds deytiyellow veiboxes, Teandmayhardens then 8ont Denied into caus oF Sooling. Whenfins wanted bot for vse,ot pon ofenti Sethi wats thohot tomixtare well by:sireed, applied while sil the font ments a a palut-brisb, Teaes few humwith after large. whih Moorthe brash Boot isAad toafterwars boinopolished wiped withpainta ecare woolenix los A cont of this will ane ‘onthe, heese.

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placing it in bethe pared press smooth the last.and time,ihtly.the Rages sould Teoow culy inremams towheywashor thoWater,outeide offt thethy, licese warm Wipo with annotts, and place ein & cod11903,color glace toit‘To mature vt He Collect the Curd in Mak agepte of methods aresereral They Cheese, Sfreoileeting t h e cor snl tho dave thenoteschivethen. varios"Oeaccordingly, ite aa Wewellcordto way 1 break Sarigs to emote.plan theis 40‘whey.gather Soon posite; and notice it withag fhe{he enty bandsetting vesy.swntly toreardeoff Uhrobg tho sides theof die whey fingers intl ie becomes-A thirdcleared,meiedand ie Mello. toord:16. collects. gs ivoll tbo with possible as quickly as it nore Eiimmer, to second is ead to io the best, Of these asit preserves tho plan ei porticlen, ether methods. by the Cheese, ave fost Cream Iman1504,"of whieh ‘This Make ‘To inate either of the “"strippogy® Co lant forthe lk dat Grom the etme at cn talks fg), or of ade a msterewp ita of withyalandpees cream.ad Te Italy feutle av pressthat outof the2 whey.oF 4 pou ‘Seizlt,pressnro, applied to "AfteroF f r e it fs placed pon a hoard ouden Tin trenches, and tarned every daybo Oat abut dhveo weoks it will pe. ing bt raw crea, ted with He is employed, ben fe Bs95)ranted. A Hee eryuerally eh cicadded, aid a. Hie powfor frequently ered inp s e s a . ‘The vats employed treats chooses age wsually stare, aid et eal 1505,rec foun Rennet. ‘The akin,stomach of usethe calf the outer fat, And Jose Urine membrane, ordiy salt1s forwasbed, a fewtreated hours,withand either thew Stretched. out wpow a stick aid hung. up teA iy.picoof Tt tkeJs rqsistosize exsploved for ent cardling mike of alter and feaked for{ho som hours in whey or water, whieh wholes adel t o . the. nk siehdly frarmed, or, if necessary,timeheated repee tho millto about short a "Tn Par, 190° rates into a white curd, and a yellowish Bd called whey. 2 square inches offrom@D pods. a good Fonnot aro sufficient for achesse ‘1690, Essencefreshof vennct Rennet,cut stiall, Kueada3t ther 12 ouneor founges commonin 0 sae;co l Teave the then wistnyeadd for1S Bor 6 week place; oxees Water, onl 2for oiees” guod. lee,rau aadOF prout s p i e l . Digest 24 hows Eotor wet wila ttlecurdlobaratn quartsugar,of mil20rd tea. Spoonful 1597. in Condensed he difculey savutactareMille.condense ‘aul the process consists onlyaodin sealivg carota evap ration, addition of soa, UpconeoF tho article, ‘he evaporation should he ‘Guetad fn abrown vacuum,and toprevent thebitter anil taste from Deeoaing aauiring & Atia Boat to casein stir il atconstantly, or‘wiltho akin of eoagglated the top provent ‘guise evaporation.itis ioized"Whoswith ‘siewatly thickof Sr ranolated conlourod 4 its weight Sad solderelnagar, up. sired ‘well, Ged

miakingeheese arominterials mili aud employed renuet. ‘Thoin milk may be of any kind, from the poorest ‘kinmed milk to that richin eream, according to the quality of the cheese required. The jaorest and thekindof finercheeso former, feo iithe made latter, from ta whichthe ‘alditional cream is Frequently added, ‘The imaterials being ready, Ute greater portion of tho mils put into @ lags tub, wd the re mainder saficiently heated to raite the whole of new milk temperature tho whisked quantity. ‘Tho wholesto :then together, the rennet (ere No. 1£95) aded, and the tab covered over, Ibis now allowedto stand until completely tarned, thon the curd ig etrack down everal times ‘with tho skimmaing-dish, after ‘which it is allowed to subside. Tho vat covered with cheose-cloth is next placed on hhoro or ladder over tho tub, and filled with eund by mean ef the skimmer; tho cord in rese d down with tho bands, and more added Ese sake" This proceny is repeated unl the curd vises to about 2 inches above the eige. ‘The ebeoso' thus partially separated. frou the whey is now placed in a clean tub, and a proper quantity of ealt added, or tho falt is addedto i without removing it from tho val, after which a board is placed over fand under i, and presinee applied for or 3 hours. ‘The’ cheese is next turned out aad surrounded by a fresh cheese-clotb, and presfro again applied for 8 or 10 houts, when it Heommonly femoved from the pest, salted all over, and pressed again for 15 to £0 hours. ‘Preservatives. ‘Theso consist ‘se quality of Uo cheese especially depends ‘of such substances or mothorls 03 are fon this part of the process, as, if any dt the Suployed far preventing decay iu fruits, meat, ‘hey be Ten iu the cheese, fe Wil net Keep, fand other porishable matter; together with at will rapidly Lecome bad flavored. Befors alnablo autisepties.

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1599, ‘ToDry Frosh Moat. Cut tho foah into a slices ffm,» to ataG ouneos inia weight, immer smal p o r t i o n tine boiling walor for 8 or B minutes, using only jase ‘wator onough to eovor the meat, aad adding fron watorquoatity.. only to’ Koop tho wneat liquor upto dryto iton original Lay tho a omoporature trolliswork inat oabodt desing 122°stove,Babe.KespingIn bout two days tho moat wil bo_consplotoly dry, about pits weight. Add taaittho toHiquoraaltbavinglost ul apice, espcelly coriander, orandsoupten {aevaporate whieh tho.i Uomenta golatinous was i morved, onsistance, Whoa tho flosh i perfectly dry, Aip it, pigse byby piece, in thoheat, gelatinous mat ft tarInaliqdoted A gosto and replace eiove dey ropcatog ‘and{ng uniformly drying 2 tooF thiok. 3 timos, sn"Matas this tothisgot vamating tho coatwill dried Keep1800.good fot a Smoice year. Meat. This process ‘To ‘consists in oxposing48 imoat, previously (assaliy ‘salted, focalledwwood-smoke, a i ‘apartment: @ smoke -hosse) juto wich tho smoke {awalendmiteodio by eat duos aor nt the bottom of thoside the prrtgnens ‘eid the emoko, and gets fom deied oo:nt tae sane timo, of Teingy bo protect za ing enoka over with brin, oF wrapping i a cloth. from oak or beec wen peters: ‘The blo; and the smoking ix better slow aud gen. tlebeing’ian toorapidoftenand adopted power;ffomtho motives Tatzer planat eoonmy. tus prepared, a2 is ofen ‘he caso, aro Hams hain morely oi! tho’ eusfaco, ant comed ‘pork inside. This process ia some: Himes by diluted.immoming tho “meat forDat‘ fowis Tmitated hour in pyrulyguoous acid, apt to harden or toughen the nest. 1001. "Smoking Fluid.impartsOno. a drop croosoto'in a pint of trator emokyof flavor minute,to fish or meat dipped into it for afow 1602.is bestToperformed Dry-Salt byandwellPickle Meat.the ‘This rubbing. reat with a/inixtaro of salt, 2 pounds, eal pette, aadis molat sane 1) otncas, Ul Geery2 ounces; erovieo thoroughly. ponotratedy ahar which tabould bo sotando til tho noxt ‘day, who ie sluould bo eotered with fren {nach parte as reguto it. Xt may thon eatbo, advantageously placed in any.addingpropor vosse, End subjected to prossur, a litte trad Salt. a8 Decossary, and tarofog it daly tl suf fieieatiy eared.” When tho Bring as it forms to drain fromut thewhon, meat, ontho thoprocsss {3{allowed called dry-salting;. trary, itis alowed to remain ob 3, tho eon: art. loScale, tholattoramost said to bo watsalted. On performed tho small enntenioatly Uy rubbing thoas meat with sal,hours, &., patting "3 above,ie and after it lain a fesw {ato pioklo formed by dissolving 4 ponds fal, I.pound water.” suger, aad onnces liquor salt potvo ori 2pallons This 2 pickling be therefore and ashould by uso,down weaker boiled feta ocasionally ito aud wkimsned, Stithingredients same time adding sono inoro of tho Ary 1603. Mix’Picklebrownto sugar Give bayMoatalt,a com Rod Color." rosie, neh 2 pounds; alipetre,gives8 dances; ‘water, 2 gallons; this ‘pickio meat & Uno ted enlor, while thesmgae veudora ean and, of oxeeliont flavor. barga. quanttioa fre to bo managed by tho above praportions. 1604, Towat Saltis salted Meat by Injection. ‘Tho sooner after being killed, the etter, at it theu possesses eonniderabla

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absorbent pester, wich it gradually loses by age. On this property is based tho p yrocessOf M-'Gannelfor forfod thein preservation of animals ‘intend 4 fos nat This operas tion eosin fo injecting a mlntion of ior: ilg‘of alemninamae 10° Basin, into tbo car sid, by means af-8syphon, ms soon as ho Bosal eases extremities to fone from te stagghverod ani tush, both of the Jegular ye being previously te Sto jnarts of tho solution are sufficient for an ox... When tho ‘animal has been well bled, and’ tho injection Shilfay porbormed,has i undergone iy sarely. porcyptble ‘at the dhinal ‘aay prepara tion, ah hijected animal eat ap Teeattoo Ut ways aM et Intend to b o within'2'or 3 wouky, merely fee requires tobe Tung up fa a dry etuation trom fies? theft Bis to be Rept tora lougee period, ts Alrectl to ho wasted with a Hised polation of{0s sun salad ond of damn at Basing, aud t e n wily de od poked Sele artes bneelyahd Rept ia e cool, ey place.it should If Ug boair packed uot itrbo Sryporfetysalt notex. clded fur thetheporposs of prsersing eG frome. 8 pre tent inca from Necoming misty Yonica aad wetion ofnayuolbure, eat pe. Eerved iy thisdio process bokeptforsoveal ear, and merely requires. soakingange for 2 or iat re pps pore, to give tho appeeranooend taal of Rresh'ment, ft either for roosting ‘ot boiling. Process ofeatPreseryngaig1608.‘Pelouse’s Moat. “‘homtat isto bo up inoto of convenient aan, and suhjented =sma Aher this a cartnio geedry aeupfer prey fur curentot rer the meat sons to carry off ol Usemote fr, andof this beg sccompliahed: a selaton slikor elt o r saltpete or mich diltted frblic a c d , f s to bo brought into contact REE Ao tase on tell’ op te 1608, "Poeas Cure Hams, Coverlay theon bot-tho tom of the with coumo salt, Kitna withthefag wmooth or eka’anotheraidelayerdown,ot fprinkleorer at, then ime, aod eoto cootioue wnt the essk ib cask fal, ‘ThleSaght boof the loge Kid. holding 64 gallons is. small. enough, and it Would labe thobeterfolowing if heldproportions: 120 gallo Mate Trine gallos Water, 9 pounds sled pounds brown nagar Soonnéoshaltpetr, 1 ougesealeratun ‘Sead fod s k i m , aod wha cold pout tho no into thafod. casual he: hams dru completly coy "Thothreohammonths, souldaudsemain talouge? this pickle Stet alii tingof trond do Cuem nu barn. "A handel each ‘ace elves tteseaitered realy abdimprove favor afin thetho meatbrine wil 1607,gallon Toof Cure Beef and Pork. salt,‘To gach water add Ii pounds Found sugar, } ouncebo saltpetre, and ounce potash. "et these boiled together All tho dirt from the sugar rsos ta tho top ubtil andto feskimmed off. ‘Then throw i into a tub oo}, andto when cold,tho" pour it over thosay best or3 por, romain usnal time, 4 or Meek. ‘Pho ahoald meat must bobo well covered withat isk aad pot pat down for east ayebo eighty afer killing, ringwithwhieh Gime ehoutd eprikled powdered faltpetre, ‘which removes all” tho. surface blood, de, leaving the meat fresh and clean, Some omit boiling the. tpickle, and findof ital to goamer wel, tough h e opbration {ngGIA ways purifies totho bepicklo found by:in eltthrowingai of ‘ugarthe

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA Ham cared ig this manner may bo smoked as ‘usnal, will tried be foundwith oxcellont. ‘This reoipt hasand baen completo eatifieton,

1608,sagat,Brinebayor sliPicklo Pork,of each &¢. Brown , commonfor salt, pounds; saltpetr, & pound; water,1 gallon, Déilgontly af venir th seam,” Another seal o k i i Inde with 2aahiciont poundssugar or molasses, } 12poundowns nite, eal and water to disolve it.” To curvbany, inlz 6 ounces rab ition the nitro ham, with andinBounces 24 hourecoarsorabsugar! in. asda nd ih tmp wosks 3 pou or, -nboro iathe forsalta ninonth hat of or20 Steck, pounds; it should Hein 1609. Licbig's Extract of Meat. Cut tho lean of fresh B i l e d meat yery stall, pul {tinto 8 times its weight of cold water, aud heat to tho boiling point. hen it hasit gradually Boited for a Tow minutes, steaia it thre cloth and ton‘craporato he® pounds guar gently h y water-bath cot macs. Shoat” vieldegghued, 2 ouuceortextract, "Pat mast bo cecal wil aot kee. 1610, To Preserve Meat with Vinoage,een,Biedrving ty and laying dane eitbor Uy wanting in strong vinegars ‘or by belog Veiled in the viuegar, leaping the vinegar until cold, sod then sot abide iin a coo cellar, where it wl keep sound fr svar months. Yell.tim Tofresh Can Moat. Remore th bones parboil dhe flab, pal it into g clean tin meat, ean, aud Ol upploreod with’ wieB seasoned soup; solder oa the lid, very small hole. Next put the tin into bath unt the steam fesoed fom ofthobeing hole;ondthenheatsolder up theand bath. at the eam time remove tho can from In a Short timo the pressure air willbottom indueyof alight court of the of top.the and thoerformed, can. “Ththistho eoueavity process haswill beenbo permanent successfully at if'at ‘ony tatare tne, tho concavitybas ceased, or tho ends become slightly conven, isa euro ment hat become puts he sign spentthat of thoenoning ater years applied to preserving Basfreshboonfratin snd: vegetables, and is'done substantially the seit pints, namely, on lig tha on veith steal, and hermetically sealing the steam condenses,” (Seo No,iy 1634 before Keep support Meat Fresh. ho 1613, meat onToa wooden (or suspendPlaceit) Istrung’ nve clovosectievessel, on basthe besn bottomof which. Tosome acid poured. ‘way tne, fh may bo kopt fresh for a considera 1618. deaiere Preservation Hams, tyR0Mottare grocers i hams andof otters, Partcularin therachmeat,nt are usually take the ia Eeution to cas soko fanvas, for theof purpose” of defending i fom the aiacke ile inet tho deren Iardarve, eggs init soon fils it withwhieh,ita by Torva,layingor its maggots. "Taleal troublesome and expensive procass may be together superseded by thobros ve ofelpped pyroliqneons acid, With a pulater in maythe Tiguia, ono macy ia tho course’ of day, eectually two hundred fro fall danger. sectro. "Care should be taken toham’insinuate Hig intl ‘This mte eranis cepectally eof te ler surface. e t h o d ff tothe presorvation of hams i hotefimaton, 1614. "To Make Carbolic Acid acid Paper forwich Preserving Mata, Carbolie paper, ig now fnuch used for packing’ fresh theets, for the purpose of preserving them

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en

Westae STE Oh Soe rie! oly lag oa nehiog mtg clon Attack come octog cog Memmi

into uotes thousands 1617,of beckSportsman's Beef, Tako a fine round 4 ousees salepette, ¥ ounce alle pic, cab it well un tne beet and fe ft stand thenih. rubLayit da as by sitet, common salt fs2Mhoaes; Will vall Td very areday;Gaked thom pat i itd3 «pan : piew f y , with oF 4 ponds. bese Ruck, vader some it over, Cover itTt-wil with fEeop a thicksomo crast, and bake for 6 howes, nr 2 months, and most excellent itis, 1618. Preservation of fi Meat, hydroeltons ly ic. pBeis, eatly subsequently iminvcsiag tho meat drying, iy istine.sullciently ‘cured to k e for a considerable -Whou equizo for eso, ho aeidtsset bo neutralized Ura ite earbouato of sda,of theby wel wil Dosaltd, ‘Tho stongth hydrocblowie avid mast bo deisel ‘Dead by experiment Poultry, &o., Dead bints may b e poowered ined fre ae for smo tne bean tho fostines, wiping inside outtheun. quiteA deypee withot STiotting towel, paper, and thenonthowhich floasing ono is or nowtwo todvops of sersnsots u v e ’ bot placed, be pat {nso thers,rouaude hem, sihilaely“theypropared pees of ope Get sata hen be bg up itator col comin diy place, Fae from Use ato teeta wil ho nd fp maueli longer hah "without, wadergoin thie process. (See No. 16L4.) oe 1620.tho batter To Preserve or Cure Butter, Mell in well lazed earthen pais, a2 a Heat not exceeding 1909 Fab. ina water ith, ie quite from time toand.tne,keepthenunitie pourheated, hooffbittertheskimming beeotmes ane clearas into tranoparont other vessel, and ebol it as quickly possible Dy‘Pho turrouning i with ofcold.preserving water lorbutter foe abors is the method employed by market, the Tariars who supply thefe Com Stautigopto aud i n this ato tay it boKop preserved perecly feesh for 8 mioatiy iu a close thevessel and aofcoolPhehard, place. as ‘This plan receive appeoval well

fas Mr. Baton; tho lator states thot butter Inelted by tho ‘Partar method, and then salted Dy oure, Will Koep good and fine-tasted for 2 Any of tho following methods of saltIngyears,may bo adopted. e Butter by Salt1621, To Proserv each salt well togetherand1 2 onneo Mix white ing, ounces best salt, sugar, ‘petro and then add 1 ounce of Allin very fino powder, pound of butter, and this mixture to every’ The thoroughly facorporaie isthemthen together.’ to be tightly: propared. Dattor thus vessels, pressed into clead glazed earthenware spacos. This. butter Boas to liavo noWellvacant fur 2 or befor it has stool marrow ‘does not tasto rich acquires it ‘Srwreaks, afar whichother bitttor ever possesses, flavor, which io e fresi butter, free trom ‘Any good well-mad Inuster-mils, will sucoeed by this method, but the application of it to butter clarified. by the ‘Ractar plaa, us deseribed_ above, produces am fatiele tbat will keep longer ood than bntter eure hy any other process vet diseoverci,

1622,Take ‘ToierPreserve Butter by salt,Salt~ ing, batten, 16 pounds) qb]. Or: Bresh Lfbutter, 18 pounds; eat,ba 1 fond; salepetee, tices; honey of row’weesvaya, outtem. Proceed. ne in tho lust 1628," TobistPreserve Butter from butter th: proserse to mettiod Tho ‘Any am the ig tp,stotnul tho ayobsomitto -vehin Tron cominon ofthe’ belt of or & to. hothe depth tally cousergraned amy up with pot cover to tien and feb, salt, ho beeunventent.” may that rticlo Hut and formwil& to brine, whieh keeping,tap wilof athe butter, DyTiertongonthe at nytho aif, and’by aay ont theremoved! keepcally effeetsally trait Teay be time OF nn on Toie Preserve Butter, Sweet, x 1624, 3. poms take pulverized of utter 20 poonus ‘roSole every 1 pound’ foat sugar, 4 prund: lager on‘of abutter mise thie,and thenpatasprinkte Ealtpoues liphe inekes abouts fovering of the isale preparation alternately, fully wayPackwil inact full for oop swe t ease, pace inthis Buticryouressk Butter,IE Rancidby wilt {625. hatterTo mayRestore Rancid bo restored inva waterbach withausinalsomeehareoal fresh-barat aud tcourely powered (whieh hax then thovougtily feed from dat by ita) and Straining it through clean dansel. A better aul les tronblesome method i to well wash and milky new good with Ast thesi butter, fh acon next tye water» eprng eld resenee of which ranidity depends, fa freely Sotabto ta fresh mike 1626,operationTo is Improve Strong Butter. ‘this extremely snp au pros: eables te consists fy beating the butter ia28@ Satieteat quantity of water in whieh put 1080 dropyAfterchloride ofmixedTite i toial . ® povude of Dutters having ws pasta fare in contactor 2 with theaterwards water, it ma be left indnd efor hours, withdraw, wasted ianothing fies water. “Thetn itchloride of Hime, having Tajariou ean wit Safty bo atigmentod; but st will generally ba foun tat IS to utter, 14 aopstheto'atastopondand ofodor bitterof Bro‘vhichsufleient, lusupportable, as luo, been sweetened Tyabovethis were simple ‘means, “Wo tried. the receipt, aud find that the chloride re trove ‘he tel tao ofbuthe scarey’ ber pi making Irie for cooking, ‘omit for table

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

iingp 1OR 0appenrs Beenerve Mk, ‘ho“To fllowreceipt in Commos~ eve ies" (aout Wqtart) of umakimmed. Sill, pecritsiy our ato & welbanneaed eles tle, wi 40 ceatigrammaes (about 6 grains) ofGechbicationate of sou,gorked)Placacontaining tho botsthe inant be well Shi for about 4Onhoursbeingin taken wh'se-bat, Weabed {1049 Fabr, out the bata {state fs ta hothe samished over with tar? and fm that milk contained in it will Keop sound nd street for several weeks” 1028, To Koop Milk Sweet, A tea: spoonful orstrethorseradic i's pa a ilk wilof SoKeepsit it for several dys,os ‘Milica bo Kept year or moro as sweat when takenProcure from bottes, the cow ly te following Inethod: whit drawust be pos feetiy clean, sivect, and dry; thothoy ilkae frou tho en into the boty an aa Aled, fomediately cork then well, aad eaten the orc with quick-thread or wine,” Then prea tuo straw in the bottom fnfrreenwhichthem,placo tho ‘otitey with of straybaler,bet wot the boilet coutaing 4 suf ciont quantity. Pilgist ie np bul,with cold Wale, Sand 0 3 600m ait dea Oe As And ‘Tet tho whole’ cool gradually. "When quite cold, takeout the hotties a pack then inJu sawdush in hampers, aut stow them away tho coolest par of tho hous. 1629,la, Proservation of Eggs. When nowly eggs aro alwost. ponvctly Dat tho shell 1s porous, andthe watery fll, por” tion o f i t s contents bexinsto evaporate thealgh itsfo pares the moment i exposed to the aie, that the eas become lighter every dayits ‘Tonatural ‘preserve tho ibterior af tho emg i sat, i f necessary tohesent’ wayup tho‘be pores of the shell afetight. one ilkty Spine thn Hn ‘otwk aac veor oi, ‘of Tino, solution gotn-arabiey covering them packed with inany bran,aiprouf vars ‘hoy avo then outs sal sal, ash, oF ehateval porwr. 1650,more ‘Toexpecially PreserveHise ds Egsimply s. Vogetable oils, rubbed op tbo egg ters ny” altro frver a Snitciontly Innis porind, and presents a Simple andcontigs eflcacions method,sould We proserve buleve {hat iva of enllodion fxs Dotter wuguesteds tia ang other sethed faont has YoU been. “Or porbaps single outingof paratine inight oe equally efetve "Towhether Distinguish Good Eggs, ‘Pohold1631. asecttaii a "A egykood8 Gagond is oer, it up ta the light, Ieoat, bite ail one fe petetly opaqueteas:the dlferenee ‘even a luois asea easily aula perveived white one as thal bee 1682, "To Hquots Proaerveare used. ‘by toAlcohol, Strovg.alecholio prevent dlecompaniuon fn both vegetable. and uninat bodies. "Phoy penetrate thy aubstances coe Tino with its juleus, and as the organo fists ‘havo les airaction forthe spirtgons maxturoy 5Uesenpoas anil tho tisiies themselves sbyiah ‘nd harde th sino way ns when salted, ‘Alcohel also iaobstrvets change byin seaing sponSs tho oxygon tho atmoapbere, virtue of superior thas preventbo fig’ Tfiowattraction aotng Toeou tt thega,eats 1688.the "German Soup Tablets, Reinsebthe gives following weet fer making. fon teeta men tsa‘ake the11 German fray durug the Tato war partsby ‘weight of gooll suc, inet it a fou fad anak it veryKeeping hot, bothe a3 fatto stirred, ‘become’ 18brow; 4 Tehilo pasts

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ye meal, nad continue heating and stirring s0 {85 to mako the mass brown; add then 4 parts ried salt and 2 parts coareoly pulverized fearaway seed, ‘The mixture is then poured nto 1in pana’ somewhat Hike those used for making chocolate into cakes. ‘The cakes hora tho appearance of chocolate, and are chiely intended for the of solders white fu the field. A quantity use at Touneo of {his preparation suticout about to git, Doiled with soue water, ratiou of gooll "when Romp, fand, in caso of need, the cakes, being agroeat Me to the taste, may. eaten ras" 1634. To Can Frosh Fruit, Proeuro 4suflicicat numalios of tin cans of sitable siz, fill them quite full with the fait, aud solder thew securely. Nest picree a small pin-holo in th top of each ean, to allow th aly to bo ‘expelled; place the eans ita boiler as deep aa the eans are high, pm builing water tute the boiler uatit withht iach of the tnp oF tha keep the weaier hot aver a roderabe fire, but nt biting, until the air ceases ta esvape from solder the eas, then seal thethe cansaie hholos with beforeand removing from the water, ‘The ems should then ba taken out, wiped dry, ant allowed to cool ‘when cold if the cans’ have been elosed per fotly air-tight, tho vaeqam inside will eaaso the top ant Totton af tho cans Uo beenna coneavear hallowed invade, (See No. 1611.) ‘Tomatues arw also kept feos i this wanner, 1635, ‘To I=sure Succesa in Canning Fruit, “Select sesh fiat. that 1s purtectly ine; tint, at the rane tine, pertetly sone, Onounsotand bere nay iajuee al i contact with it "Tho Boiling water povoit into Uhe boiler

sell be considerably could ty notcontact wihths theeseeanseato inst ho taser ty Hed balbecennehil botho eae nee Wota iy{peland theairyetsie itft ynaet enough fron theattain ca, the desired :tect ‘Pe rarest war fo isfwatersto oup A thoheat billyof of200°a thermoncter in willtho to. 8080 Pats autorer ost, but its never exe iho latter yossbledegree. ba be "To ascertain when all optho wieut Pet'water onaie Dubtles sie tng st oll sihsenee of denate rely for "Peaches fal seal. 1636."that 'Tothe ests Gan areBerries, pened i etmanebo Kepedeserve pss,th Caspms, de psy Trea In tho No, 1634, a d will velain thee Ges lavur Abnoat, if nothe. entiely, act»fs botter Raspbetioy uawrirres, are Kept HeGF fruit, nadingTettng Chem come to tho cachdomi, pound bl udtha Gon ing the eau quite al, soleriyg Fido can immediate. ‘he hottho fest ‘slSo avater to theall sel tents, oxpel ho alr Gros can, ho seed wth frat except inveases wherewe a ita is render ncerssary thetto ahoselyo ths eng, L e d s to Jos Must Vogetales cai ho K e p t is caus in ta way, ouitticg the saga al seal Chonan Teale rliient ta cover ds To Expel Air Gines from iCans, Aix,1637. by hioating, expandsthemany ls ow balic; consequently, If you take a jar and

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poses. “Cans mange in this way, when

1638, ‘To Koop Fruit ars Frosh Putin ath Jars. lars rescue ony ‘ose porcolait-lined proveering Kettle, cowl uo BILplaco quart jury spriuko-on sagt, $ pols over d low eb irefritand tsb beat throw, ok “white Koited, tie yesth mee oom jarad ileal tho fruit fe realy, ¢ ‘nly the water

dni tho Jars fl to th Hm wich fu x vaentm is feat inuboslately, Aw ik cooks tis formed, wehieh prevents wllbussting. retain its 1s.favur

ovory hadthickof fruitentry moult foro voyEieotiney o plan toat 0, flal theof botbet er watae fs ‘Thmerely toprnitin jars fioFeoping the. bot whoa tbehotites ercking of danger tho prevent iat prefer “Sou d. Putininserte tnd a boiler hueof Watet wator ingsaahally: of cool full other tho totter al Keung ‘way ishnach supe e eqaily effect. 1639, ‘To Can Peaches by the Cold Process, Pare anil lve the peselies Pack thom as closely as possibly itn can without the. can i fi pout i any salliienswt, Dare“When cole) water to fl all tho ¥eael te interstices beim of the betean. fetLet the it peaches stan longsed ening fur tha water to soak into all tho exeviee Mist has suis mivay Seal op. tho alls done, Caused in this way, peacl tain all their freshuossand Mayor’ "hes hot water it n them fusipid.be enue Tt preferred, vol Losy vender thea ibe used: iistead of pure water, it taste most natura

Rillowing muimer:—Two steps of bodsd 7 feot lung, 2 or 24 ineker Wide tio strips 3 foot long, 1! inches wide, the whole J of aa neh thick; nail the lous strips acziss the ends of Uye sbort ones, anil ieinakes & Game by 3 feos, ‘Onwhieh purposes. one ien'consenient of tho lon stripssz nailsfr areall ‘riven inches apart, to the 3 other. After extending te applesfeoare. onepared,od 0 quartered. aid. cored, aiid with heedlo Tengtis andlone triue, of stout trend, strane ‘eros inte the

frame; theandendsthe ofstrings the twine aseon then Ue tugetiter bung tho wails frames eau bedonbed os th tofueronthat thothe stetues dnd froth undanesathors put ob,pitothe wholeplace.ef theAs Fomoved fa their fast ag tho apes buconno iufielently dry sane they ean bo tan from the str id tho ‘trl wsedto toay, Wrytheysore canus. bo It ent largoa sinter apples fro tod pleco Pearsstrung, an yuinees, and iaotherths Brsts Bint ean be may bere Ta pleasant weacher tho frames eam howaset

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA ‘ont of doors against tho sido of the building, for any other support, and at night, or on elonily aad stormy daga, they ean be brought Into the house, aud set against the sida of eh stovear fireplace, To Keep Apples and Pears during a dry day, Gate Frosh,” font pb iba ance thejuto fruitearthen glazed pan tieoplesoagl to orn theee layers ab Fro aul rachbu estan pas having tighely-tituing extiation dries sweats,ad thnhelps the fitsuetare, fnle the At frais £0 Keep tn helps toda avr, The licovor mmistoreind ad Loesctiie the Keop tho g h t . the sane, the and never wipe tha pals in adey, cool pes, set, Dears may il Tor Prat wu sao. ay, Ib require earefa beand epconstant wating, Fresh, Aner Keep Fruit ‘To allowed ta lay omthe shelves havefit bommoon, tury1642, sind seat they should bo with dry sapacked and dig, ‘wiped eusnggh tr excludejn boxes lust tho air frou them. wwouds should nok ‘bonsed, The saar-dnst“Tf theyrots rosinons wero packed In dry sand, they sald ke p equal y, aud perhaps better; objection is that it i very didieult to ivealte thean fini std, and therefore they ales wat get y ween $0 Kept 1643. Preservation of Fruit in Glycorine,” Giyenine of pivest. quality bing

onof d for dewhe, preservati Ga scconstende siyecriaa tho tocating provinns fits: by remov inser Uae fie a by ed Shoshi water MusImprove3 in, Carlunate otandsiagace partes Blour, ‘To Restoro ty 1614. fae tbeime andsot seonly Ue greatly Bar, waysUU parte, itiMMos wall s eval wl bo, hate but te bread wre helnaedos eles, aa keep 10uger Heer, Gis. To Keep Game. Newly ground cof, spate ure silOleankeepthe feswost game days for offnepetal Sint ffesh be wounded the bt,piper,cover weap. fy feiwipe absorbent that tho up. over parts colle grovad spriskls thon and Heats, iaiwong-t the feathers ve fas, as tho ease game andthe pack upfestcarefally, may. ehonosk in open nd weet ll be bo;prederved sent in and Gameho treated weather. Tinfavonlo this ef owes, Ione, cannot in. boxed orA gue packeda3 deserbol. inant; nayDut’ beall doudedged Rhnpers f coffee fs enon fora brace of Tenapoofito {friend iu thin pooportion for moro or for

1640, shunt To Preserveamie with nae Cropuote art thnance Mi utdea urs cree Ges Saad er pores Gemehee incite e Ca ee Maer er uae Ware ears Se tieara he arenes cota te aene cteeeet rage raphe Easel ba ere tne ue ced et Se se aera tae ogee ferent stone"mane hla ta ichmeter thovfete inde ious bes fumed dapreenle tate aul ela ty place'sametsl dyplatooa be obit Ray aes edana ite se lan ts i bags Sr co plac heh taitanallgver ag nthto avobem withee eee tt, quantitythended hd into Lvenkaion ee

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of Scotch whiskey is used to give theThofavorrescrvatire fet lng pint, fomnoke-dryin erevsote, to duo parilly is g tmeky peculiar its sneat the to gives ‘which tt, and par to desiccation. A largo pro Tent Greonoto, Mo 1647, ea Simplywhich is creosote urdiuary of orton cteosote, pure. the siuell of suk, ie acid; thebut. peculiar constitutes’ di aay. bo with five a diferent itathi Vehavior false ofhy and hesubstance, from mist. Roguisbed with A. gives w gelatinous Iter folfdion, precipitate, acid farbolio calladiontest:remain’ thoavother treHagerercosote with Shilo Toa gives Dr. Sear, aamonia dropaof afew irl f o solution Speak whichacid org the precipitate usUl Gehullyadded, Carbolie dissolved isa blue forms soli. tiogeto thoa. green unicates genuineor violet ives ereosoto while’ in toan brown. turningal olor,1648,wlerward Tt Antiseptic. as Charco extra possesses charcoal that. known Chareos] bite tenacious mass, whieh is pounded to- Miperior fthould bo tusnt and fresh powdered and other in a stortas, and rolled into eplindrical Droservod from contact with the uit Unless

Bleaching leashed Woolen byRags, ‘Tho agotion1726, must ffeebally ule applies of sulphurons aeid. OF cots, ivinanyUe insasees, the color of the rags, supposing ane to bo dod or printed ocd wil bo alsa dostroved. Chlorine cannot i ace andfor Ussil cases ant!woolenimpars the ie ‘yellow, purpose, to veeanse Kiites become rongtl of the fibre, by estering invoand chet talStuncombiuaton With Ure wea, sll, othefer estates of animal e608 instance, sponge,tea animal gut, "useing, itoplicay Ce,a8 sof ee Bleached by eulphorots acid, 1727,

New Method of Bleaching

These precautions rapidly loses its valbablo qualition,bo observed (SeoNo.it 1732) 1730. Aluminized Charcoal, ‘This is recommended by Dre Straiuuse 48 0 cheap and. Fery olfcient docolovising agent, Disof flea” fi ater 54 ‘puss of tho gulphate univa powered uf commerce, ad onis with Whe $2 packste fiacly wod.chareoal.. charcoal is reiluess saturated,fa evaporate tn dryness fnBis leat tp cavered Tesian ere til the water ant eid t o dssipaed ‘Pho chareta! ‘contains. aahydcou alt jost 7H per expt. of

1781, Charcoal from Coal-Tar. Heat, gently i an iron pot til se melts, L pound

DICK'S

ENCYCLOPEDIA

ooaltar piteh, Ada 2 ponds dud eoutta, anid mix. prordar’ Stirin 7 pounds hedate missof fre in tery tio The hice i now outed stlagall heWt then tine ti ignited Tey reduced tora foe. poster, ip Sovtredceucolo tl ail tho vegeta matter ie erbouined, “The cbareou whenaclcoldaud hesated with. dilate hydoenione filly washed with water ina itr, andan {ged De Stenbouso recommonds ts izable forma for decoration, For Gee sugh iifuids es decoction of loewoud iris fous ‘Tedieeat as animal creo

Vinegar, ost mat ERM Bee a Shy SEIS 1783, ack To make‘MethoVinegar by thermetiods Gerpeasy, d. tna ro bern as the “German, to prtda esvinegar; Sub thatknown invent or quick seethod han supersed

ed alUsted otsersStates, tod hewn gee brat uae ints By a foe ees (hich i s very mpl) tnt andor tre bth peodnec, greaty. midged sadaveilny betwFueoh tes i set otic fn the ive fuming receipe:

1784, ‘ThoHowconstruotion to Make a Vinegar Gen erator.” af a a bb, vinegar8 feeeae”in ator b very simple. Ais 9in fectdiameter in diameter at the ottom, and i4,Height Foot at tho top, with @ coren, of which ove part G, is movable, in ondet tecestury. pent the liquid fo bo poured ia chen ne. Bisashelforfalso bottom perforated ‘with @ number of holes fof an igh dim, Inter, placed bout & ines feoe the top of ihe geuerator, ae which place a etoae Hoop touche nalted to support. When itthisshould fag Uottom ix placed ia the generator, bebaat packedno earetsliy om tho sides with eotton arto proven the id fam ee caping at my place oxeept thromgh ‘Ti thet or face botout as also fonthe heles iach ote in whieh greta open eed ben asaboveait vents, each thehaviag heles theends upporprojectinends and below rojecting at least 14 iuchés Uelow the topthe Cover, E, and tho other eds penetrating feontehts generator, Wise hortantal foo hesof thett 1 nes Fn andte okan om o f t h e generator, equidistant, finch fm anddiameter,i bord abut everydretion lke stuve, vertical or tlaating trom oe tie outside dovwnvsaed ince. ‘hore is also for the nertvn of tho theemiome. ter, 6 inches brlowthe theoutside, false top; tbs holoine stigald stant from downward fio, hols ac from, Gre roming i his manna prevent tho vinegar ote thatTe 8 Essential tothe micess of tho process cureont of ait shoul poss theoagh tho tab, Jn‘aboveorderholesto arecstabish this circulation, theby made, sad the ale enters ‘them, and passes out through the taba in he

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{algo bottomHse above, Some parties jnsert a Jenfratd hott about hiches below veut Ihetion siuehg Ruppert holes, stave, leasing the portent theta {heilar others (2 tives Pec ni flo Coons abt ach esaoveto thepre flor Shavingathont i evgact wthcoiningthe Bithe diechargiye cas Never of the generator iy Hie si below controled Oe feet Sraw1788.of heHowineqatto Pack Vinegar theGenenest tle agenerator, mleuf wiki -tavitye ator, cuntata vine ofthe Grprocess pare ie; thispieces1s done charging "Take Tnpaekig mnanmers of ibe th fiilowing (iaple or Font aboateats18 inches Darswoul wl do,inSensbtRegtntshaving aswellfontae tick, Deccl)rges anttue plasnvinge curl nll Thep tyne he rll shonkt pad Th edor 3 X pleves intoubbs

{ede Tong. cleanThevorn-e shavings ad com-cols anust be thhoromglty awake in Wnlers ox, what Es stil better, boiled in vinegar: FIN the tub holt fall ith, the cuti-eos, and let the cobs te an it the ta jnst-ns they ge thrown ther, ‘without further amamgenent. ‘Phen AL up the balinceof the gexeratur with the beecl shavings aad ariange them so chat those ‘whiels touch the upper false bottom axe more ml peeseed than the rest, as the deyeoe fof prosaute sotld inevee as "yon pack from the but he top ut the generator. The falso bottom ast file),levelthe upon ener fie fitted in wind vest thy shavings,

Aldirtihes, giv copped ca nt up, beof taken not topacked have toothe tho cobs solid in the Milt ‘of the slanting hol ‘The wharinys or cobs y n a y he loosedby meas at the hermoueter and wentatngoles, fa atic thease Uterine geterdtor may ao by entirely pncked”Hie withater,leechhowever shavesne foramiirely si ob Interon theyhipssumaserot preter and hecennetu shuworthnga Hes tcc Uma vite nature 1730, stepMode ofte Acstifying Shavings, ‘rmonesi it proce o P punmuliehr iful ng vig en adeuteiches the Feast the fa

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proven, the oles, thentho sand put in from a layercoming of sandthrongh 6 inches Iuetoeen 759 and #58 Fale a pone er the oop, cover this with two thicknesses of fanSlavin vinegar and nbsand every hou, canon wc gtorywhiska nna}, ud then another layer of falls gallon GhisHerent Tqaid tn, shoul jist ve heated t o hasten atlthetherefaucet,ate 10Inagains inmesthe fouerutur above tot, Afaspatt recone standard laguor tt ioeaerating the aceifention of IUcusist thu ningof and&0 galefot ‘a tidigg ‘expense ou ‘a sitall scale: by of vinegas, an generators eg aren’Thosoon whothe fin Go er esi, An Whisky wla 3 gn allo fe fkmo iugning priniple asthe ener to series go intoof- thegenerators. business extensively, aa,be hove nisitresssithabur 60 af sk ay, Aostr have a “Thay may Aetiiew s i l quteker han Ue standard Hx oneto above he gutta oes, pereand contdan ture tdhour’ alin, Daw off rom the generator frnagpd rom oor floor by h e tubes, every gatos and thus vinggar may ‘bo-made by of pas ifeo ng onceor tip; contin this" until the. 3 yat feriuentationtho through tires generators, instal feniinenices} th wsdl eagig atthe top of three fins through ono generator. the genevaton fa thw course of ot Bays, ‘The ewnitaee Wf the nie with the siuntely a vides liqnitcantata peomutesthe neetifiention, which Make Vinegar Quickly. Consists ft Uhe alata of te ‘Tako1739, cask Toor Hogshead with the head boeek out tleuok. “As the oxygen fs aborvedy the tent ‘and afutcot near the bottom; illst with poratira of Hho Aguae tses to 1008or 1096, propoved as inmayNo.be 1785; or,withinstead And whe the tersomeet. iudieatee that ‘ofsthavings shavings, tho easks filled eoratemperitiie hes place Uheuughthe opening obs or be ch hips; over those lay a eats Inttroper the coven seedy ML and cover‘Noxtit withthrowSuto shavings, tovinekeep candithe forjena tke-smanietaicrs Pay ‘aok, the some good Social attest Ur the Forse fo that on the andit Tetoff itthrough soak 4 thefor fhuoot alow FP Mhc neipal point to he obwwrvedy Tt is Hours; ‘thon draw seateely viveyae and throw it on to the shavings again, repeat: ised far wectssaly aetifyie toGur sagtshavingethat theshoud this andunladdingthe each shavings aro.I quart thoroughly hire,of at wll events Fre front he thiteralhe ing fired, tine big Tis well Known thal essential fly or ‘wines to the vitegor before throwing ofit back rw thre of whad-vinexar, wbvest acct tu tho shavings; this addition provents the fetion; consequently the vinega must ws ‘ingar ftom becoming flat by te absorption tho free from pytobzueou ach. After the of tho aeid by the shavings. Thon mix f gale neetitication oceits, procera te Falla foo pox ct high wine qua ns Innis, mithshavings Lt gallons vorit offwater} poutit on of Manufacturing VineMode 1787, ‘pan’ the ; draw and put Keep the vinegar romnata tampernte Uo shavings agaio 2 or 3. times a day uot BEgar. ffoun 75. ofuy the generitars Fay on ntaia tho four. By sing several cats, euffcfent vine: temporatre 5 1 1008 fering boor mada tina of toabgar pt ntohogshoads, eae {Piety ake upasinistune or wast composed of our al, tho Hibsings ihewhiskey? fallonfog ingredients 3 gallonsvinegars comin ay bo’ poarod on the shavings an tured 4 galls wamtactnsed nto good laid‘inogar iaweakthis atwaye Brat, Itadding is bottorthe 15 uses Veer, waters Mlsspratt jurehisatanalard Eallons for tho to bo (oe lstThe water, trols ar phar mntoria eing conor i tenorwater. Eallonsofwith 60 gallmssolt fitnted ti vinogar, Dy“By degreos. during thistho succesive irnot elon anast bo filtered through elie, drawings.’ following tho ioe ea Srongth of tho vinogae ‘may’ be plany. gaons A bone o e r Draw ‘gradually euch geserater, andseta pues ational we the top 4ghar gallonsfe nora to alznost any degree. Crthehove we, Sate nanan poews Heledrayh, the vines Tito unother genuratorushyondookico 1740,10_galtons ‘To MakeappleGoodju Cider Vinegar. ek its teiade he an soe: Vinegar ‘Tako lrosh fumewhichto eo (vic siteg Dros, and®auffer t o . ferment filly, to the quality nil degreeut strength yates Bing bo fn about > wooks, oF gone if the Rec ainrgs tank. to hold.of) theselaees vient Mabshenit sofiho eum andthe a0 8 gallons ke ale, daeaid aatilpat $gullon now, for_prodicing = necond Termontar sou got a aad2 or 3 inches Jilen, very Lon’ In’ weeks tore td, anothor ike now thick, The molasses Wil iuyprove the quantity, or produelgg a t h i r d fommentaton, in the Fair chit fermentation is material Now a ne huscolon, yt betThis obtained give it whic gar and. pens ickest stop the bunghole withand an expove empty ito bottle,to with tho tad fh imnutincturinge Targe qitantities, ihoneck downward, oun ‘iwc nude in this way fds rewly mal, forome tine. Wien the rinegar a 00 {ire off one plehalf aro Tato grout, vinegar Ea, andwhenat iFfvaevl fr uo 1788, Vaoful Hints to Those: clear, Withto maithe other haltvinegar In thein fattho cask, ‘Vinogar by the Quick Mothod, The proceed more samo fray. stoees of 8 whole proces of nkibgdepends vine ‘haa one eask eto m a k e in, th othe to tee besfom,inodernte When making German,uponoF thequickfeoemothod, by theentirely for the heat,vinegar,end fre Elinost eiretlation of thero' degrot of aieIiappena throughouy ehvitegar, goaernar.,when Ttie comes wometnes ‘ccon of extornalat.-Ah procos ls hasten ed by adding to the cider, t h a t the font when you bave it, the gouorator, in uot perfectly clear and trans- & tallsda gato whitish, of the ropy motheeongulumeof's of nda male es manufctarers somo this, remody 19 Darsnt; {ia tio flee bottoms tocandyeach 13goncrator, aud Fegnow appearenceava ih fed in tap ‘hogar Ihave bod of wwhito inehes doop, and nein ferment. ‘The aro {ponpacked the lower one. the‘Thechips sandare,willas follow: have. £5 Df igegar dependsoh the amount of sugutor LBPiet in before into cover tho false hottow with anne, to Stare aie at to bo inal oa

fatgo boltonfase above, Some patios fasert a Pertorated hott abot 2 uches below veut Ihe shurchg Ruppert holes, to leat tion staging, the portionfey of theobstu the Thaw Pec ubsit uit fuel Tae Grotto esabore thuprevent holes in Sader to Shavingstton cointhe eon wilh Hotes und ebstrety stop-eock, oF famect, Ds a heventilaton. the geucrator, che button of of shies frou capacity Bthe nehes dehargingby Hie size of the generator. tt Ni ontrolied fed bose a CheVinegar olf theHowvinegarto Pack Shaw Gene‘T780.. nest theeaunats tle generator, mleof malt ator, of thetating vinegar procene pare ts thispiecesis ono etiusing pushing fiilowing tr amanners Take of inbs the Guaple aor in vtteugthhot Awwell wbowtbouts1 inches Voant Darswornl will do, Teccl) ant paso tick, sould easy shaving Gitoll etl thesunnuasénge thoedigey ap aadTf ories” 3 fnebesNext rll pes he nto Xp or they ui cle “TheGomes analfs tlbo shavings adwaterscornet fing. tinting readin oy hat Better buted: in vinegar. PHL the tub half fal ith the carteobs Sai the tu nsamangeasent th FethoutTuethey the balance of artigo the them ‘30 that those Shavings and ‘we fouchpresse the upper fulsorestbolton Theae degeoe more Siro Han the Gretbuttum precio rit inetea-e ntgenerator, yon pack TheOM tothe top uf the fenerator ving vestfilletevelths upos faa hobottoms 0st frotite! ast musings, Aud great stopped care austupyorbo taken aut tojacked bave the iris the cubes 100 fold in the Viinity of the. slats oem The whasingsnndor cobs nay he loosedby Neate at the Aermouter setiltingeholes, Castick thrust there “io geverator nay ahs ho eatively packed withlitter,eelhowever shavingare irrvntively wi obs; the fei theychipsn aveot pretersat ad eonte inane wh eape s. Theel ina raterus si 786. Mode of Acctilying Shavings. ryote py he ae pen Pula ing vier ests and ens ad theHe aeeons pte th sous Use

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supply. If the barrels stand on erd, there 1741,folowing‘To ie Make AlcoholmethodVinegar. must be a hole made in the top, protected ‘The the German of ta: ‘with ganze to Keep out insocts, if'standing King notion and is excellnt and spl the aido, the bunghole must be left open Tn‘sit bell foglassfachesor apart/one tall plan abovscaso, another, arrange on‘Bad similarly protected. earthen: of daboo fat 1745. ‘Vinegar proportions: in Three s m a l place nwhieh ‘Weeks, MixTo Make in the following freor woods een thi ies wth lo. 1 pint yeast to $ gallous ly and suoapend ortonoverof each, in amallpowier trays orof 1warmquart’rainmolasses, water. ” Put the mixture a keg Capa tho lak ‘of barrel with the bunghole open, butintoproteot= plutina (see Platinum-Black) ; hang stipe of ed with gauze against insects. Porous papér in inthetho cove, withto promote their bot, 1748." Distilled ‘Vin Put 1 gal {Edges inmorsd spirit evap Jon vinegar in'a retort; and distill by 0 eandGran, -Sot the apace a ib cn at bath, 7 pints, ‘Tt ould produce S‘hich tomperatire ofthe ftinthino om 68° to will 80" Fae, for of speciio gravity 1.0065. The uso &of nega a lead "purpose be fund forShebratet powtar wormcloudymustondbo polo avoided, a it renders ouvenieat. Tn ahort time the formation of ‘inegar will willcommence, and.trokling tho condensed 7, "To domestic Mako vinegar Vinegar mayfrom be Sugar, Teil"rapors be mech down the ‘An excellout miedo Sides of the glass, and collecting at the bot. by dimolving 14 pounds auger to each tom, whonca it mayfd be thatremoved oncethie orproces, twice ‘water uted, with } pint good yeast. gallon theto Sap. Webal dung eat of the mixtire be mintaloed at 70° Dodd by the mtial action sf the plat 80° Fabr, acotfication wil get in, so that in 2or End the vapor of alechot, there will bean 3into'sdayoit nay Ht bothenracked of from the podiment crease of tomporate, which wil continue tl oaaky reeeivas the addition of 1 aifTioease the exygen containedwhenin thetho airnolosad in ounce ‘rea of tartar, and 1 ounce crushed feousumed, aostieation Falsina; whoa completely andfeea.corked from closely. avest fa opened be thea mast cage the atop trill butted be ahould it Thort to admit wlof aomenne frosh sappyagof a, taste, ‘The Juice of andcurrants, gonseberries, and aug ‘hen ine, fe Sontion other frite, of bets, may be thus made Man ds- into vineger, either alone or ia combination the for Process ‘Artus ‘1743, aa Artus Dt, Vinegar.for making vinegar from swith yeu.” Vinegar made in this. manner factureof process Covered» Keopsiboer than forthat Vinegar. made from Themal methods iquors. Stool, witch be saya has proved ently 1748. ‘Testa conin of toting the strength vl vinegar are givea goer avery erat tatiary, wino of pita of oxidation the thal Plant heal willof deetnetry. The following khthat vinegar completa, and funder teats oftheparity be found useful the teetaprocesare Dota freqoalfrom, either ia qeality smeared with pure vineooght loilebe paoxpoctodin as frfal- es,‘Paperf8 potsitioncharredon or when quaatty eto whetesplaysd. frthe'imsteral strongly warmed foro tho fre; it ie, the vinegar contains of pla. fy ® pr cent of gure ac | ounce itdryfm dichloride. lows Take daslve look poands 8 and tinum, @swall porcelaia eapsule oFIn china cup wood char {nto ipaeolution moiatentho 3 exopoundsof basal igaid pos tie tvith of | ounce suger 18 ounces al brokenin ta tempera: water,of and212>thenFabr.eat theA eapaule Heat thene in « covered, cracibly and after ture drop of vinegar lot wards put thom in’ the bottom of 8 vin fallon ie@vill not be materially discolored iti divided Snaly ita in platinum the toro Yat. pare 1 wl tary & dare bron oF black, ls Tpongy rateof oaygen absorbsfomand, thecondense "inegar contains afonlyayoyaby f-malpbure partof sulphuricacl ahatliee ai by wh ssi the pronence tho sharebe ‘wil oauso ioapot to turn an clive green & Whenit abould oxidiaed. ol is beenrapidly coh weeks 8 for nno10 ha foal heated in covered cracib. lossRecra proportion will produce a palo gro color,of Sgain aru tee the rene 1749, mado To Tmprove Aloohal Vineges. the sae acid by forming a heavy Shite water and. sloobol pore from ‘Vinegar tlpitatey each grain of this precipitate, aftr elder or wine of Wavor the powoen eco ana fr Wherefore interio Deing dried and for gently iguived, thera r to represents nega ‘BM grain of dry sulphur aed; ang if the oi wor aad bo e.”il matiRew spin ue;Wagrowabl table precipitate from 1000 grains of vinegar exesed ngy Shgraine i cootainsan undue proportion of Random plosanti morespits;containi . selvinegar produce’ Tomo sulphuric sei of nitrate of silver gives s beuce refed toa favored Ha aolation ‘ol addedfur vinegs.rectedit~ cloudy white precipitate, hydrochloric sid is fine af towia,rope wash the resentaller the addition of 2or 3 grainacarbonor coves of l o “inA litle efome, itefasthorfaking Proved PIE inof ate of potash, and evaporation of the sample same manner added Averytho small Butyro quantity flavor. i prnfon {Jgnited o' dryness,the ramplo the. reakduum deflagratee wien whibkey of y quantit a large ves vinegar Biter containa mites aid. af 1749, "To Strengthen Weak Vinogar. Anhigh fusion. favor: plesant. e Glnogar vine wine to added s obratinie i ‘hlodry Itput fa itpickles, turn tof, beat ft scalinghot, cider vnenar. ‘01, ire tthe color ofa Constan in the pickles, and when lukewarm, putin & anal poco of alum, the us of & Weep , Up ’A supply tof Supply "foVinegar viceeie Ibert, and a brown paper 4 inches square, wet offan74,Oheap i reuilra hy hand y on coustauu kept be ‘with molasiea, If it does not grow rbarp in ing upmannor’ s quite i barrel Before Giefollow 2 weoks recovery, and must bo mo: thrown away.it iu past 1 gallon hic barrel with Or, freezo it whd remove the fold out10 fvary IIthe gallons water. soft {co which forme on the eurfaco. "The water over 3 ‘ofthe in about good vinegar mitre ndwil canbecome inthe torn ta in tei vinegar sotto aalone remaining hefreezes, leavingwaterthe acatio treated be ‘wookr=a a inwockro a barrel than and Tame way. Wherethaslovetented 50. ‘ToDi e Strength of used barrle is not “to. be {ofl bydrometer ‘The tation, wil bosufiient to Keep np a porpatal ‘Vinegar, such Felied on in tasting the strength of vine

DICK'S

ENC’ CLOPEDIA

‘The simplesttet ie to take a fragment & i an of sonpend weighneasure Ein vigegar Teunlby all& thread inamasbl,known longetsod haa 0 wash and. theoxt liquid ctiontaste,ceases "Take marble, the four weight itectohas the lossreal of(hydrated) Gry iy abd fofnote thie fbtained. eat thould good vinegar "An otpes cide dey and. pure o f 20of tosoda;of32"graioe from rato containe vinegar ‘ich arbonate. (absolute) cent. of anhydrous bout 8 per Vinegar cent. andof pet 30 above axils” Stet ols essential the dvsolve will etd: eal elo of wayvinegaras anymay other Eomphor. “The instrength samo th fetadcortained manu Wut viuegar Nos. 69 andthe78);sttength (2eo designe eid tir of Htetatare care pare, proof grainsto ofneutral. umber bythe Gece requiredtested.” Thus if 1 tonate of potas vinegar the of ounce Huld 18 of vinerarWo requires of a amplevf polaica findrainsounes neutralise of earbouate said 10 bo of « etrength of iu vinegar {Eth Weerinn and OtherTo Deprive ofVinegarthe Color. To Liquids W761, Vogetable of vinegar,with2 14pintsouneesred away thecol,coloraroanized. Uke tnegar, Wine Thone-chareoel (prepared a directed.Shakein thisthe vessol. india or next ine!a ssto ine fom incompletely Bistorereceipt) disappears. the colori to bo. petformel daysSE " proces largeWhen in the vine ofto Lm itofroma cack the charcoal throw mrt ‘ray? tine be stirred fay which tested imTeor.the weiner imps. ARRe ighest become rederectproperty minnds colored tam as pro-bone the came cbarooal will Possorres black through lock, the 'Biltering ee752. same‘To result. AnimalotherCharcoal Prepare V VinegarHfi's and touleDecolorize withthe Liquids. parta of ox crucible. aad ahoop bones, oct compact only » emall ate theing cover,the carefully top, placeleavingtho cnuchlo oa a rod; when til gradually andhest Ato, args the'fame from the offy and gelatinousand pares tho oponing diminish bas ceased, cold, oluco the when firo; the raise dsaly Shardoal to ine powder. (See No. 172)

auces, Catsups, and Pic-

Teles.’ ‘Thothe following rooeipts arein given to illustrate mottos employed Preparing nents. biaa” mumber departinentof wellknown of our work ond might

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434

cach 4spirit, ouneo;1 pint.braised celery seed, § once h avo been greatly extended, but it was uot proof Digest for 10 tod daye thought ani fo fovnd eecuy’tm sce withthe Poppar “Xsuperordaroring eso for oop, eatin ticular that may’ bo ay of seasumings, de. ult treaties on cookery: 1764."of grouudEssence of Savory Spices, Boy.Ba Theextetet pure article is imported ‘Take backdvachons; pepper,ground 4 auvces®coriander pow: from9 T764. China ata ay dered tohmene, $ prepared by ining 1 gallon o f tho ceeds seedy 14 acho lof pentoy 1} fd of Bolchosso (if ts catnot be had, hacot racks; butane, ot of loves, ol of fF‘waterKidney beans will oswrer) in saicent ‘nasi, ad oll-of oll of earamay, of cach until sm; ad 1 gallon braised wheat, | drachayy cols), T pint. Digest With agitation for ‘iu Keop in'a warm place for 24 hours), thes weeks fald 1 gallon salt, aud 2 gallons water, aud cop or 3 whieh, toonthspressurn oattightly lninged ‘Take1765,of blackTincture of ounces’ Savory allspice, Spices, § pepper, 1} stone (oFjar; 2 after the Uquos rachis; ground nutmegcloves, and eussa, barat sugar, of e#2h 1785.’ watt "Epicurean Sauce, Indianatau soy, $euneo; Bounces; eataup, anushroom coriander and faraway’ seeds, ach o f each Beaces; 1 drachiny pore wile, proof ouucesy, epi, rise Tint.” Digest with agitation tor 2 weeks! Shido pepper” Potnee; shallots, 8 ounces; press andWithflter.alcohol“Used for favoring, “Whea cayenne, ound; cloves ouner, Aacerate hade and” at"doute for‘whita1d'days fun war place, staf, au add the.of ea¥ory above Sreight of epices fe males extence wine vinegar to Inake upa put spiees "Kitchener's SauceatSuperiative. 1768, Cautions in the Preparation of oeint;1750.ad nara of cach | Gatsups, ae.t Infarther, jrepariog catsups, walt or other pick Tiqton, pit pelle,ot omecn "seta Pouided anchovies, 4 cuness; shy tenon. capper pats sould. alone rap.bo eal cut this, niced: shallots, and. seruped ‘welliuned” Used assal, vegetable juices and vinegar Forseradiss, of encl 1 ounce; allspioe aud ‘corrode Nuthing capper, and. render thet results Diack each 4 ounce; cayenne,celery L lilypokonous. in the shape ‘of copper, drachut)pepper, curry of powder, 3 drachauas ead, or pewter should be time.” allowevenato como i fod, T rachis, put then ito waeasoath contact with thematany i‘weeks,Uottle,nd stop Wt close, shake ally for 2 oper wil spoon lef n'a bottle ofeatsup for plated some strain; “4 pit woy may Weald time rende its r contents potsonnus, Uo 1787. ,'To. Malge Q u i n Batee. Mix pleosout and even dangerous attacks of vom together 2 gallons walnit eat, 2 allons fing, coli, and preeautions diarrhea havo resulted from Inishroon catsup, 1 gallon soy, I pow. gar, noget of these HiseAraiandanti, ponds ogrits, Boll for 1 minutes, 1767. Mustiroom Cataup, Lay alter note layers of anashrooms. aid. gall in an arthentware pao, Usibg 4 pound of ealt Yo ‘Tako1758.48 partsTo QuinMakesito, Harvey's 16 pares soy,Sauce, an each quartsintoof pieces, tnushrooms! AN 6 ours, eaycne"WorcestershireSauce. Mixto Treak 2 thea part1750. an get in a cool place forStrain,3 days, sting every momng. Next4 other 1} gallous whito wino sivegas, eal and to every. quart of the juice odd fin watnuteatoapyt gallon mushroen cata, thunes each nace, allspiesandlll ginger, 4 tea spoontal 1Bi eallon Madeira ine, 4 gallon Cantoneal, postr tetspoonfileayeone pounds moist sugar, 19 ‘ounces Hepner. PUL it into. ‘unees powderel capaci, 14 otbees each ot closely coveredand stone Jassct iu a pan of Dinvoto boiling water, au corienier, Lh oudees e h s t a e y , F Unekly lived for 3 Hours; then euapty efoto a porbot Suiuco each of cloves inaeo aud cinnamon, celaiy Kettle’ over and simmer fad 6) Urachusassaftida dissolved a 1 bug's put Hour; lett stand gently fOr | night in‘ cool place brandy 20 above proof. Boil? pounds toseitle. tn Deeant tho clear liquor and cont Aer fra 12required Bours gallon of water adding tight Bottle sited to the mouth. Tet water to feepthoroughly up the quantity hon hotter to sea! theuso corks audbottles,tie down will mix the boiled liver with the ‘ator; ladder, and t small a eoot o s \ t strain it through a coursosiore, Add Bia See spoil1768.witen Tomato exposed tyCateup. the aie Take 1 pocl 1760,” Indian Curry. ‘Tho truo Tadian ripe touiatoes, cul-a lined st iRete.them, Blletd" watpu carey sad. to boturmore, thus made: Coriander fed, 6 is drachns; 3 aarupless fresh the{lem pulpSuto is porcelain Ghsolved;thenstrainthaungh and press, firs ager, pepper, 4h drochins;araus;commin seed, 18 gran throlig a cullender, abaiesieve rE peppyeool, 4 fralnn, ten fog hours wih fous une sarior2 beeda; ceinawony t soruplo;‘eardemace, 1 cayenne, table-spuonfu1 ltable-spooutu Vack pepper,powdere 1 tea Iony’S seeds; 8 closes, 1 or 2 c h i l i e s ; balla fpoonfel t ovod-iu loves, this7 of lastground mustard, and. 1 bag, of celerst on atone’ graiad; all but the lat to be ground fool ted in thin austin 12761, TalianTasnara, Crgndrvnd, Frequent, especially during the last hour cloves, and einbawen, o f each "Bounces! tise tu fennel seed of each 4 ponnde, tara iteddato1 pinta stone jarvinegar; to cool;fakeand,outwhenthe mt,Ti ld, strong 1762. Bongal Chutney. " Chilly, oud arp iungoes (or pls), pet fag fd oot ee inva teadark anfcool ote. place. ‘Seal the cork, fedpound;tatacinds, 2 pounds; sugar” candy, ‘1768. to‘Tomato Cataup, Cutia 4 bushel Tesh sultann gingetroot,reisity 1} ponds; park,foe& tomatoes pieces, and tod oi pounds then their own @ 1} pounds; Sait, Tquor until of; strata and press throng pou aad boctes of the Best einegar, foak vind hialrsieve the ebiies toto. separate for a 1 ono bour andin thomollervigegar boil thepulp, skinyruningand allseesthe thea down thick all with © & paste timo; thenTounevadd 54drachms 6 ounces salt, 6 drackans al 2 spc, yellow iuustary 1788. Kitchener's Essence of Soup @unees tleck.mace,pepper, Herbs,” narjram, 6 drachascayennecloves,pep Takoof lemon thyine,Das,winterof saver, weet Grashns 2 drachims . and meet euch} Srnee; erated lemon pos! and ekehalots, of Dor, and I'galion vinegar. ‘Phe spices xhust

DICK

ICYCLOPEDIA

all‘tho be,‘whulogroundboil fineup before using them. cool Let twice, andy when’ bottle. 1770, Walnut Catsup. Take young, tendor walnuts, prick them ia several places Droise chem with a wooden billet, and place {n'a jar with sufficient to eover them, fudding a handful of salt water for every Sir them twice a day for 14-day; 25thenwaldrat OfSwalnats the liguer into’ vinegar: saucepan,crush Gover the with boiling to a pulp and strain through add, scullendee hue2 i‘uncon n'tho saucepan. for everyinto 2 thoquarts, eac lack pepper and gibgerst ounce ‘each cloves and nutmeg ponuded Eng, pitch ofRaith cayenne, ar & cyshalloteee mnineed aney8 ait nuda ‘Bol all together for an bout, andy when cold, Lote. above. mmnueran ex folleateatsup Inthe may be snado from butters, 1771. ‘Tarragon ‘Vinegar, Putpourfreshen tarragon leaves into & stone jar and. thom’ a sullicient quautity of the best. wine Vitegar to cover thein. See the jar ju w warn lie To 4 ays; hen strain rough aly eg. In tho tame way may be mole eller Alter, basil, green mink and Burnet vinegars, T772,. “Cress and Celery Vinegars are mado with 4 ounee of the Bruel Seed to ‘onet af Yauggar 1773...of theHorseradish with 3 uncos seraped foot, Vinegar, F ounce ef minced shallot, 1 drochncavenne, tol is guatt vinegar, 177d, Garlic Vinegar hude with 3 couticenshinced gacie to f quart wine vinegar 1776. usingShailot inthe same manner eballotsVinegar instead of gal50 chilies 1776," Chili Vinegar, swith (peppers) (or ounce cayeune per), cuttok orpitbruised of the iat for 14 days, strain, and’ ek keepp open smin half-pant roy help W777. Camp Vinegars. Take 12 chopped anchovies, 2 cloves uf garlic minced, Vdracbm ‘cayenne, 2 ounces my, 4 ouneos -waloutatsup, and i pint beet vinegar; digost for 1 month, end strain. Or: Vinogar, 1 quart; Walnut eatsop, | pints timehroogs Cate Sup," 4 beades Cayenne, table-spoonfuls? 4 ounee; soy, 2° garlic, table-spooutalal port wine, 2 glasses; 3 anchovies, and £ {otle-spoonfat into'a bottle, shake daily for Greate; a mouth, putandthemdecent Vinegar. Infuse’ ouncea gary1778.pieder‘Curry in quat sncpar, teat the fre, 1778.Pour Superfine Raspberry Vinegar, I qanrt vinggaren 1quart Freres; the next day press and strain the ranp Juiee upon abother quart of the fruit; and repeat thi eve y day for 6 days. ‘Then ‘add 1 paand ‘white sogar fo janeverywhiehpint must of thobe vinegat, und put it into a placed otti... of boiling water to be realded Chron. ma Raspberry | wine, Vinegar, ise Pipe Fine. raspoersies tad w i t e fe far, otcach 3 pibte; macerate 24 hour press, rain, and. to each pint add white separ t pound; skim, eo and to\each pint odd randy, hoi, 2 otiices’ In a similar wey’may BO sade Seon Fintan Chery Pine, 1781. Raspberry Vinegar." Mucerats 2 pounds fresh raspberries with 1 pint est ilegar fur 14 days; and stra; or, oT quart ofcoche juico add 2 ounces strong acetio acid or render ute . Raspberry Vinegar from Ras berry Syrup. Mix4 uidtogetounce ier 2 deetie. pints ibe berry oynip ‘and ‘Addea'tn iced water according to taste, seitho

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ico of te mist delight of st rant L788. Eschalot 2days; tes; 1 wusco" ste p seraped wine, Wine.oreeradash pint;Truived infuceshallots, for J 2 and yan fe the ny one a elegantade prepaDr this saysespe Stehunce rallon of thohe nade onion inthe tbe. same Wines proportion of severalnt Ththeor einer ina’ 1784. oat? "Tabloaotstand Mustard,with JfMix walt& spoon. fulsof, ofSpoons water, nyeMis sates, to a al smoothms paste, addand 96 785. Le “hake Normand’s Superioranastard, ‘Table 2 Mustard, best flowol pounds; iseet parsley, here,nie celery, ald12 Frage of L-clovey sale anchovies (alst,well ehopped)‘ape juice of together, ald of Ssiger sien’, 10 nto ith a thionislstieiene mane tho foqnn tor rater ily tatucation ji a mortar. When. pss ge-ber, poker ft fae thrust Sato each, nt ofthe vitegar al erards poured upon 1780. "Sayers Tablo Mustard iste Steo anustard_ et Sh twee i bit

vs; pind red-lut toa paste,pokeraud into put hate pots, thrusting uct ' seiont ina sn ; iusterdsy hy enpluying. vinegars. evored, Wwith the respective sulntances, or walnut OF Inshrooa easy, ar the liqsors ot the richer pickles, in proportions Lo sult the taste.

435

uso making pildes, In Pickles, 1790, keep Never vinegur elder best the bit rong are,oharebut jathlasvgot laze earthenw yekles in t, wel ain Bine mouthis everyTF ther bo exauined shoul They fr removed. pieces ote mil Sto, e toa itto is eachadvisabl to son, tandeney Stach gallon nd , vitegar tho off brain to the retam l st addition sugar, hot.bull Tue ndoocastone of wile Eup jar pldklo good, albo usedin Bi a tide sugar keeps plees sSoatt

Generally. ging, 8 ounce alspico, black pepis LanesTaboiterpicklaisdestet, fant L ounce alt

or n TowlitenpsieunsPat tad b drach ndcayen e, oo I aco oeatahnts of vinewih a quartweited with& blvdier jar, tfindhst eover a stone with tem leather.i too ofshaking thisfor Says, nnd ever pico, near {hoBot Giojut five t h o orfo fontng the walls you then du a Simos Heal nave veal. Sher nauec: enmneled at Sn dine best i s febieh cabbage, or hot; sed is BeDane1702, ealKor walusts These Caulifower. Picklednl salad days, 8 oF 2 f o r set, b e should cet dy a pon spread rl dratnedy ion tho fir for 2 hoursy heer which they opieed wisif vegeta jar, ad covered Ao. put intoDe. Kitchener that ps inogar, water salt aadtnd gral pub futustold wales) Tiestare alto. pad amendays a easelie some Frente purpose foas a being letting them

1788, Moutarde Superb, Tako of satrl, pouty neupe Bra pod cloves; bolting ‘vevsa vinefor 8 24 gloss s, Ghorkin Srcerato ina covered hours rs, Cucumbe Pickled 1798, ftrai gu ns of a s,Any ceta Lan gente and ad of fon of natant «ofa Sal gusuneere Tc ere sings s ee a 1780, To Mako Cayenne Popper, bo they ti etn son pus eta ing and popper a te ‘mais i prepated‘The fromwipe thepodspadsdeedol tboSteChistyoF Se Tat tart Link-popper, with tem foeuce, ) Orne cover close saber up Pela Slom Aroaisn nee in layers veith wheaten fur i 4 over a one tag or tray, and exposed. In a stire room ot otore eatho om cytho heart tem not half eotd fen fomaul hepestectiy diy round they oteto {his poars turn Gt Sug, et a fs then Temoved font and wid themhot em cover and wath top fine powder; to every oanee of this powder, Hovey ep ran arth hr rt Rar 3Sjo odueesdoughwivaten flourTitlearetepid ade waterat andmadea Hane as tat taey scene emt with a ro] Reca pea tesspoonfil of dongh yeast; is after fermentation is fret Wem heap St nae Doar {Bet swell wt np, the et iat small pieces e Saeehy s iemrore eae hie adMul Uatced ia w slow oven uta perfectly hard e absoried i h ‘Ramer tbe of hea t ste It iy eayenue then Deaten Doveder,brite.aut forms pepper.er grou to wine YO. Pickiod Onions, Tet them tg

errs re orat Breni and thew; pect thn‘on tive orestennaksi ater Relaseq eekan yuhea iatte ra tu wae ythen In od ator a net Nextdn ona cloth to deaiu; then put them ina jar tad pine ase eeeTt te egoa thnSe huted Speeton nego Pickled Onions, Peel small sityor 1705. button onions, and. throw them into a stew-pan of boiling water; as coon a3 they look Clear, takethetn out with astrainer-tadla, place them vn a fulded cloth covered with fAnother, and vshen quite dry put them into a jar ani caver them With hot apieet vinegar

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

bungwiththemtho old quite When 1791.) No. {See wetted binlder with Aetget hal eaver kl d Peppers, Sauk frosh 1796,peppersPickle 9 days,dae healt hard varmipie, changingand thewaterbrive forevery TT ontthe vnegaes Pas eald pat aro tio Jhon d take hot, very require not Tiekles thoceds fm the grnter portion of tho pepe es707. Beetroot Pickles. Simmer the 24 hours) arts on,domopool(iinand 4 eat to eheta tNi3 them roots in Chaom take Thon pone au Ja, into, thom Pat Siges," nt, Sile iw caver tern.ait epee ving one 1H} 1708,walotyPickled Walnuts. ‘Tako 100for yoru fay U n e a i Fale 0d ator oe A days, changing thoreadywaterfor every day. (fact af oqo ho soon wee, pee walnut widh@ Wipo daring thet pi tht thepiekle ay penetrate) with a aftTor loth, rnd Tay dem a folded. cith Some’ les, henhot putspiedthem vinegar ina joy,(ec Na. and pour ot mufeint Tigi)’ to‘to cover them."goutyOF intheystrongsay vinegae, boat Iovwet ‘sitsmer thes patnae, toto ajargngn,with @ones undfulmao,oF stand vee tunes allspice, 2 heads of gui, and 2 epic nti fhupoir onthesn, them went boiling vnegar tho over De. Kitehonee recommends ‘walls tootabe gouty simmered withto, thotil bring, Us aid cloth fora day or they tir lal, pt to aja, and ot speed ¥inefee 1790, poe Pickled them, White Cabbage, Cat white cago tnt hin.withlees;say puband 1 etfato an arthen p a n rpeinklo fir{he fivedays;for fuendeata andputspreadintoit outstonebet de, sone aure; Mul ld audelent ote tte vuegnae ar, ope WANS ‘ines to cover with and few ‘site pepper-eatas Red Cabbage. Remove leaves andthen stalks, onter theTiago1800,”"Pickled in quarters shred nde them satethe 8 eaby ea drain, noxtdny salt; with sprinkle and Jender, pourthom.on sudicient end. Jor, favo atEel tein Ne cower vinegarhang up the cabbage (See fewput fora FOL} epeeOthers and Teaves, the shred. then dry, to days pep inaabd jarfllithup withtleald alvinegar. {fn groger, er,torsaulasoaja vinegar without spice. Brench Nasturtiuios, Piehled: p00}, arefor green osvegetables, sinall other and cans, directed manner samo the fa hate herkine. (See No. 1783), Clea “Mushrooms, ‘Pickled ‘{802, row flannel, and water with msioome tho nnd waterDraininastowpan, thous boilintoforabeliogfew salt find minutes. them cloth, in 6 Tiuen on out spread and. feallender, Sovering themor with another. "Putintobottles Sith a biado two of mace, au Gill upmutton with hilo vineger, yonring rom melled love to bo keptTomatoes on tho top,Pickledintended Tat 1803." "Tomatoes. fn tho sumo manner aseucwinbers, are(ee pidkied No, 1793.) 1604," Iinitation a8 melons,Mangoes, oF hallPickled counters, Saige fo thats marzow-xpoon tay be intrdueed, fand the soos seoaped out; they are then par Bete rine atvbeforeongthe fofreRoaBltedoe,wi dried on a cloth Imustaed seed spiced and a clovo of gacfe, aud 1791.) then ovored with vinegar. “(See No. eal mangoes aro pickled in tho same way.

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1805. Toru Picoalilt; Indian, or Mixedpt Pickle. gallon nong:winegtr faces careyouspowbreading ames go da ‘ntsland, enmees itimerte, 8 snes skinned allt, unt 2 thee arc lst tro sigh baked pndfst hs alt aidsae 2 adeuchone eayent pepper ryt trot no UKus T forseed epicedinggar Paks ey gre cucumbers, sliced ois, bition ti eauldiower,cutsy,ng Seal bot, ha Lirins,eagntemin seeamebers, Uni lot in Allsatan caeupt water, Cho cactus ie parted dane, undta Aaa hth tr to bo prepared “ie ae drt nln tonGa last largo eucurnburs tha aleve eveipt ile for mangoes, Pont on than 1806.” "Mica Pickle, ‘thke,(out1 yound ginersiot mtd youn gure pres Fitisly sated and ded), 2 gallons ue Armee ad or ys long pen Digest Enger foe Bday meee Jipipkinstone‘or enmetedraneepan jaty or gently sinter henthem dpuhe inisin Aivoat Seats ayal ngtables peovinely exer ated and eabbuge de and or the froth i cither wort east. he depinidofYeist offrmonting noon he dnoforsantabons clues tho Anglo fof to putreficlin Lib, peastoe fuformantatin, mibatanee thefn fate St teas of wii t arecommunietes in ution by sti this contition contac,con(0 fermentable’ substancenhixerston firs an oranie lod, ating an the ugar yeast Goutained it tho anctlirine solution, tnx contset and conmnieation aChusitrable t iynotingby mero conitonsEhis view Tecelves suppor by examination ef hy trikes bya emer lay foo Pinenting proverproseres buingllétreyel by trtare Gower nang Coulay holies bat ota tn eeidiy extent enree and Uinta stone fv toy asta? ential mot ay aby, tetera hig are develope hy oilth tmgurs of EA yen” wen in ntact lerable to fer sbenucduicey unler iege sentation 11808, this," Preparation of Brewers’ Yeast, ‘ro-do 78's ual alan Totaltub of containing hope are geuiuallyalieeed in170%@ ten Melons ater ot Washes il tt 3 alosover water tly uf 20 aare pain inf quiet PM tho wholeSupponing tis to tonohte tt stud tit reve neat.whchmorning, whenhy Teseg at bofn Covet sap i don cane fe of wath Gold hswaters ached"Wheat302, ththe tenstb Drtize t h nh IGovered gainCone 1 lef lone JungfessUo becday gst tl G My at thls tet bolier ated in, by in12tho hes petee a hole ihe fared use of the nal, taSr thedip whale 3 paogum.of todip quer beneath, thefe 14 gallon fn Ginakead liquor). "Tits dhe wthorbann, fron whl yea generate yeast deserved all th year found ne fm tho ay Intend of tho Gioening Dyer gallons leach wert theat autre Ua ad {Pe No, ttetos) nother ae fein made eesbe Shain yen alr toed eae diy fe formating P1808. ‘Yeast for Hot Climates. Boil 2aunces of tie lest lope i n d Hunn watae ford oor trait and lt the quo

436

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

eat up 1 pou best Hone with sane of the Patent water Yeast,fort omnes. Simmer sween ouncesfy Tiquor, aud mix all well tagether. The Wind hops1814.i los Alay add 3 pounds potatoes boiled and tnashed, api in 0 finiteshe hy pete rnd al. ful the next day. The rosliil the hips Sn water, avd ld the tra Tetandit'stasxd Until d y for use. Stirleequently ‘lvevdy ado, whet sais ‘shilo'making, ad Keep wear a fire. Tefore be vrell stirredanalnp, coveved over, aid Tell Fart Unbg, sue el keep 2 ononths in hhoues “then daly uff t h e wet, ann when ten yh abs very stray halt cooled down to {NP Fahr,, set it to work with coaury Tar 0 akg Js Lpint yeast (patent is beat); after standing, sce may Repth te for 20 to 24 hovers, take off the seu, strainfu Detain ie high ty 1046 ab through a coarse hae eve, and {tis ready fan 1810, To Prepare Yeast without, a use, A, pt is said to he e h o n y h foe 4 bishel Ferment, “Cominon wheat thickflout paste,to andbe ofrend tise ei, water into 1815, To Preserve Yeast. Oni Kept, slightly a asoderately warm oor yeast nay he keph placing fesl anidIe ib ei far nse ple, or vsinecovered, tine’ in“About the tint day freeway

beats urement yay aud to exhale Aiangrecb, sour few dor,das,ke vty mics ter the‘uth Tapso aa that,eugene abotnuetho oe yeth d a y , tho Snell ts Je cvolvid, acconspanied by adistinet a Sigreenble vivin ode,vinotsvl fermentation. ie is den a ite exile the {quanlly of wortfs next to Ix prepared and Hthoid ith bons, in (seethesia" user a ring oboe No. 48), ui he tuned tothoroughly 909 oF 008"mixedFaeywiththetepiddeennposed dough, tw ho ddldod) und the whole Kept in water warun situation, Aer tho Tapse ofa few a hour active fermentation takesUeto place, carbone act ‘ase a ven evn And hei ea, arse sanity a He ctexeettent is found st the hotion of ihe 1611. vessel ‘Toquali, Make Yeast without a Fer

ment. “Boil peek silt ia ib pate water pone off 2 pinks und Rep fe sa war ple Tre'to'hours; avid 4" pants of » similar deus tii, alieib well in, again ferme, ad sepa this aldition of 4 ines wnt sufficient pte tity of youst fs ubtatued; 10 pats will Sel Yyoast wiffcient far nosing 0 40 gallonsy Tewhi peeferaine lgeavers’ eed ft toraisin dem seas, parliesarl 1812. To PutMake2 wives Good bust Yeasthopewithout Ferment, te 9 pints old waters hol + hoe, sbi whil hot, and nl 2 ences fe table salt mad punil sugar, When the misitire.hecanies Mond-warms, put L pour sifted fe into Tarze basin snake a well fa fh cente with

Uhtsithnhand,spoonal il th iqner ny degre sri the sola te thong neorporatens Tat it iestout forfines 2 daydey war pare, string aor hen tut ch theirine fh. 3 ps pod fatocs, nl inis Aber. stenting ting mre,surfyee: there soul bs thority, aes dark tenn seu othe Stiri rough a sie Head o Ye cullen, pat atlAE tiokeep sow ft ce Reepygit hee nw sot oat, iprovest Ent hot snakes bee left cork

mont,» fix quutrts wa Eo the evitsstenceot thik rte; bul i gently. ForYoud } hate, cold, fits irood into yas it

iofa eaiton ver th fie te hey feet Tio th ml then wae ee Teoma tr jug ted frover,se (Hn“The aSune pes) quentyha tl at ire awithfs quantity punts hefoes, of thisand Neat. will take te downto eye mule warned, Wren put ia a nay he aa hep tp, ere nuntly ‘salt Kindle saan § pound brown sugar; howe with tho Founder ofthe formes

canvas hg,i ascroke and getiy” syteeznigon the Snolatuee pase tthe remaining Jaber asta:I clowela,vise in whieh state int beeantos be precerced 1616, Yeist"To. i Remedy Bitterness in one,” wfien 2 Milter ne to eon dpubshe a bemostderived dare taro toof bread ‘This may from au excexs hope: ‘Roable.rectly this nts with tho yeast a consider: quantity af when water, thoand thickest fet it bypattforest forfelt somo howe, will “ t o tho Lotom. Pour off the water, which will bavo extracted. part of the bitter Pell, a's ly thoi pron that usfallen to the bottom. Dut yeast eomeumes aeguires a bitter tasteof fron keeping, whieh theis quite indepentent that derired"fom Hops. “To temedy dis, throw igofrm thethd yeast abutli clon cela Heh taken Be alowed to cel a liila-on the suis ‘upon, Tho operation appears to depend ‘in prtuiple the power of freshly burat ehureodl to alsorb pasts and remove offensive odors 1617. Baking Powder,for yeast, ‘This is 1cblely employed aaa substitute or teaspoontils aro mised with the. dy flour aad otherdoughy{rete whe ae tel nada ‘nto a os quick nsor poste, wiltte cold ‘watered a ooo baked bled, cae nay b e , ” By the addition of aout 4 drachmn furierio power to each. pound of ‘baking power, it Is converted. ihtobo Kept egg. tnpowder Toso "preparations shonld. well corked Boles or tis, t o . prevent absorption ofimeitare 1818." and. "Totherougily Make Raking Powder.oy Parmer’ dep ssbary. gentlebicasbuet hest, 2 pound tactadeani’? pend aide # potatg poured Hee of sodsy Fheinay ane houn afev, int audduy attub,ono patho nuisto throng putendatotp ckages, chsrving to press i hank Enver or osclosesnada pupeyair aadamd totebatre, prosewitOr:it tinfoil aymuch peril rt Aix ae, ant £ posts ag dium just desertooy Epon tartare pond f pound Fue bicarbonate of soda, 1 pout fate aad8 Foes seaquieasvonate of duumonia. O r t os taroacy 8 1¢ poul pafarina,eee Easobato of soda, atid pound En Sing to fe ama Ro mized ith de dey Mon which thon anado pohly teh fold water, and Daked immediately, Any otter four dour ’ot ware nay bo used isiead thopotate soeipts for the Flower and the Kitchen Garden, ho aimecl Tllowsug veeipts i se Infmatin ore inet of mental iivdoorplantsaod for tho general royale and inprovement of the fower and kitchen fasten, withowt entering into tho principles of Sher1820,dgztentenrg oe inter sure, BreasTo theDissolve Vanes into‘Bones nal forpoeMa-oF

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ot e oeco s iss esa tea eat cs esos zeta ol orl ands ba Ha te muse ia 6 8rect pale toe A cram I wae a ne a Beeninefe8 aon ara tied ainal! aby ogos oadoi See noe oe Ara aes ookom te saSO nel aAi glen Ta Oko ere ay males neeRRS ane satcare conan echoy ry tsandiallham stubborn pea soilsletstay ee

nig

be nesated

er Te

ig

Sas rth pains mr pce ie

gy egies eee,

fevr mw aned aero Saeedee os ‘iterate for Inuit snscsate Sagallon, 1825. ofLiquid GuanoTo tohasten Hasten the Blowing Flowers, the blowing of flowers the following liquid has been lured with geeatadvautaro: Sulphate or nitrate of ammonia, 4 ounces; aitrate of potash, 2 ounces; migar, 1 ottees lot water, L pint; dissulve and keep it in uwell-corked Battle. “Por nso, pat 8 oF 10 drops of this iquid into the Water of & byaciuth-lass_ oF Jar for Dulbousrooted plants, changing the

water every 10 or 12 days. Por flowering plants e fow drops must, be added to {he wateriu pots, employed to muisten them,

1826, Artifcial Manure for Clover, aude togothor 10 urs each sulpace of ane tao Gomes ai il of rl parts ehlgrida of ofpotas; 17 sulphate parts earlef Eypsum (plaster Pati) and pelassasfale0-partaraltpetio; 25 parts anderada38 Epsom Cah angen pats1827."sulphide Avifeial of sot Manure (Glauber elt for Wheat, ‘rarniya, or Grass, Tato 29 pounds ered italic centon al, on ath bona13 ast ypatin (plaeter af Pats) nd Dashes edArtificial ashes” Guano, Aix then Mistogether 1826." 1 with poids28 AryPotssulphate of gods (ante eats) wood estesnilphate St psyof womonia; eamtnen salty Vis poundserada ead TTinkhels bone dunt 620, "Hertiizing Powder, partTo cc18 Ot aland spate of Ti ba petty Eypeunr Qoliter of Paris) nnnonia, he funseed aunghil shouldbe andsteeped su es ater thodminings ingSpnkled drained,wits butthe while stland wet-mowld bo oredr than ded 1830, forPhosphate for |feegtene Manuring. stit with tome days, Macerata eof part L it bones ertshed pasts Figs super 3 partsLino,waterwhieh"Thisvisedfousith a wate, Fl'and ihosphat'of Aryrearth, or“Howsandy tofora oxellentmanese. 1681.” Select and. shone Manago bo cuttings, “tts chico of cattings Sheen thoposible, sid shootsfamof treesse anday plants an when Feeas foratds te grown, absersing toteavea itt trond of former ‘yene or season's growth Miacbed do they tha ad ellwhosarotheyfoundah(0 take out anororesly ouposed ofte s, ewesoon wood. The tine itoto takefall uutmgs as Hho sap gets Shotiogs tingaethem oFeyJotshould bo aestan abon Before jt low th tion ashe pow, sack maybe leaves sopertisous b u t . Oo ‘juve beremered bat a sufielest umber soul ho purposesall orof vowetation. on forthe Icipractio of romain pean all of tho “In Insonotho iwills ijudtelous, of cuttings Raven avon uot. atike loge caves iisintoaidtuo tosclbo of tubninr to insertstaked plant, hoe Stvantagonus both ehds tack of sriich wltivo takePlatsroe alel bomayproduced then bo firited, when finden’ of en. Anequablo tempera a tToderate nobt almogiierg, a . sbney seuaton, tod supply of water eresoting! the ping+ Bs palRoss roquntes to tdseo speofy ouff anytio ofeatiings thes is aint pejadeil,i ix When thoto Soo etter Huse tue under mba degree tt bol at heat, las hichamt constant a Maifpreserve tho utfueo casitheot eraporstion ty tro prevent inov.oumnon heh ees hot tu bodry wenther inought e p o c a l y iping, thee is deck heat of degree tho What forerica,tho ropste heat of degree tho dolby tho uf species Most plant hotbed btter when supe oraniuy aseco hr oft ero Tie, ih ple pocen-houses, in camellia, theo plan of myrtie Prthe govt and tebe, the of Ghtings eat Los rather. require plants thor Shost Ulan tho plats in thie growing stato.

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

it thee to towel tofall bopot becume i as seldumn the poteasy sidoof length, ‘whole them to Footed thoplate,hotion ‘Thiwf te arispat;to placo they” aniazo then fou planged kept is aback uf hot-bed tobe moiste 1833, ‘The Color of Flowers Changed by Charcoal. A bortieulturist in Bugiand

bls fllereof peoasing a risers Pstesol ne fated ofa howoce, flowery, Eifhe sown pot, tie, in cath’ tuo HoFiek soveral al chara19 andfind asthe witpelveriaterward, itck woie!daysal barpsved Mo then oss cole” fae. tely tlrcoal ct powered Tibms petanes upon. do Cat aed ostee oka oth dhe white fonds fii suey wetoequly ime gfe dealtays gave geal vigor lo th ea dion, Gr yiolet color of tho flowersanil tho white with telwithorviolet ‘yelaed” covered poluningthe Ueeamo ietne Neeamo violets Bats Dine loot ov Mis 0f apo lar Gong ven waded perms Uitny dna om vareins new een et GorYalow towers appa co bo iaseusie Yo the falagaed of eae! Red, Flowers White Tum mo 1804. apa polowel Visuatan the of jue nie ir, ton other yee Srlon many ‘on the‘eet wieIs produced Fret camo Mie hbo towersTo Preserve Out Flowers, us lowers sear waterthe le a wich fao dh fst a of ato iuvertmhe. ellglasselas overcovered beenoo Gatpoured the inet fisfase chamho thus foruinggtheniauttlght TpHee agar, wl dees queuin aif tte so as longaie and in iltharetain fonstntly f ater shop sh oWoreconme tho sugplyniet 5Thninabed” nd inthieateewssung. lore lowers esh of plenty toseo a by ofiaverdng ean bo iated eater expenieat ‘Tho water ose-bed # over ‘inolel stexpedte cheveclorahsssmallyoonlodprovioaly SPaomo samphon of the water inpave Keeping feathe distin eit | qroaiy preerrod be stay Wiolott owersfesk. seme tort with than nugla bytehthing Tong slversoad, daup with altel higa them over &toublor Snr iby averting Plover Flowers, Yo Preserve 1836"bo" proseral' Uy dpefa monty y n a n t for may eather, soon as caval, rod Ting pid qSort allowing aterarranged uo water Perniytin nites drainor to em ina yue. foraca and cotaplts tueit preservescoating fon the stemsteanf gmpetals, g b o Become have ey afte l color and Sapo ay

1837. Preservation of Flowers with wich fu mode ‘ho Colors, Natural their A. vessel fs this: is provided, Secovesellectod {Mo ‘with operation a movable and hottom ta lose1 cover fun “Annes the underate baving removed al metalic of gauzo Offixel thothea corer foplacel. Taanityoverwf iGsandandandispassed tau, stent to foto seve a thsoh esse, $ittho fn on pot wero is heated wich tho add tio of aous stallto quaueiyGhorangtyof stearive,eacefal Serre, a to thehealed igrefs tse quattity of eatin eto ratook bo| Makenyoud tonot100 ponds of ante sand, Gare nest ta add too sieurine usHowets, ieavould ‘Thesft ves, tothe swithbottom and Injurflg fev cover 1832. To Insert Cuttings, Cuttings, Ohad tke guize beneath ie hea taesed Af ingertad fnva wero mass ot cael, will Upside downs ad, tho buttons beity remneed, Ay throw ont roots, while, if iserued al the tRe'Mesrers to bu'operate upon ase carefully

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llth e Zepe bead mae,

placed in,on 20tho gauze and te sand gent ea poured the flowers entre, theibg each eavesother.boingas a thuscoverprevente from d touek” The vase is then pot falaof && Hot place, euch, Or stance, as the t o p buakeb'sfowars oven, thuswiero it in loft for 18 four. Tho become dried, andetney re: tibone back. "Tn iain thee natural colors. ‘Tho ldvessel dota thisbo sure tof atl of,ro‘haloiog bottou upwards eho is taken tnd the sand runs away ehrough the gause, leaving the flowers tninjared, 1888, "MolitlePreserv e Flowers in aWarof ter. Mix o saltpetro or earbonat Sola doersWithfor 2wator, wesks and ie wil preserve. tho tho trees should be looked over, and all cracks 1890,flowers To Restore Fadedy Flowers ,by Fale may he geral restored jummersig thea andhaleway' g:water, up. themhe tostems 1 very hot allowing in‘ThoyKe must unui Uhen ie coolsbe removed, or they thobavecoddled recovereremaiad.por: ion ofwater. tho stemsIn et of nd placed in elean cold a great umber of faded flowers may thisbo wayrestored, sone of tho more delicate lindsbutom there whieh aroit iis ow mont oxcllent uuthod of Gesteoying be 1840, To Raise Hyacinth in Winter. s Pat the bulbs pluses or cutie a n d wet temeo inva dark closet Gonprout. Itt glassy ‘ater shoult not ho hgher chan nh bet {bote bak atl thoglasexrotstayo have filed reachedapatho tren th pepo oibaro a pn tho ot nt to pla wat to gro SevSactho 1841. Boot Water forpipeRoses, Put tho ook obteed fron ie or ehimuoy tha wood firey futo a €oulpitehe,use andtho Aguld "pour hotc= Water upom i t ” When wat the rosesincugtbeing er plasts thTes pow effects tisCasionalyto etra i ary ite planes and lowers 1642. If "To Make Hy: Flowers Blue, ths ary gna iia erly rong nnideu loam, whieh Contane a bine porten Gfwithout oxide farther of ro,trouble; the lowersbut wil bacote they will require fo bo potted inthis said compost, ‘eon ‘iimully grown nthe same, from thoandcutting ht, to ensure their lowers coming blue. TE with water, throw in a shovel of cinder

Aaa redaneOe raedSele RS ane Tata Ie eH

tho'soil itself will not make tho flower bine, they should bo watered with a solution of Alun Tor santo

tnt.bo nate peeviowsby mising to. flowering. ‘Tho selttion tay at to rato of vane fun toa gallon of tala wate. ‘ho plauotte should be ack from sinall ut: dings" t h o sult Sood) fromowerPetrary tl i , thet are required to in those mois thetinofllawtog year They shoal bo sited ia enue tiie footswe dower to Bit thon befire ates Tes ninalio tho pot, allow. only ovosuckers clawter andof ineo ho fall ht oe fr dumerinehe ie {ton a old. luo plantsflower. Ing oping, produce eannot If‘be f depen pare of fon Giggs bo ized wth tho earth fa which th plant is grown, twillfiomfrequonty,a lurough hot ‘alwayay change ta orginal Pisk ‘olor to a light bine, A. cuttings however, tGken froinrotho fling, plant thus grows srtkoot revertschanged’ to sinwidrevo 1848,Om, To“Gittiage Proventin Damping or Fogheat, ant seodlings Bridked out,ei,aowithveryYooliablo to miletive.” damp of ia ‘Sconfived intel Tho ost modoof treatinent s,s soon as eviden of dampingth toniporature appear, to girodegrees, move aita anda theint troase & hie Unsmfztuco to aprisklo tho sueacoaad ofpowdered fhe ao wwidka of slversand

Tees

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

Into an rontha’depanooot lower pot, afewHcyred-hotap inten sucePapen ihe iobatg somaor inact "dowd. total ‘afee”Whea tb ‘ase adi sell with ke; ramuce dhe poe Beeston carl Cet the ne tehtes' oct soflaareitoadanes St 1663, ‘fo Pumnigats Plants wi aoe imokertho ancke Tite ofaatlnceo sarees frptets Geot Ehgloying tteltdae pos inaccbedg past homes thooebus place isSines as lod tttone eaect tabs famigatel pris Stes pase of eat hae ad ell tack astead8 Ticked of suchen "Mato these tke ech i latgestee potsolid aad on nese hem Eituehtobecu el aay bd tary to eonplotay file house wilwit roti ob aontioagy ight Apt hou ity andpurt.?1 Balok, atidedpreronsly Sequal If the tees a totalonsifsovetrongopi snation of salpett 1 and somplcty fod toed aatly eae 1863, "To apBrivealeWorms outWoks of Pots, serey co nage Patcend GoneaueRoot ies axel ose wk Bubs Tod, To" Destroy Rrra Groen Fly. Bye

} cowdung and Hae wih imerwash, 8 le‘fakewader, 10 the cont this on the cSeine ncy.of ofthicktho trean as farend'lay as the cattle Tesch,1856, To Prevent Grub in Onions,cas, Mate aime as strong hmewwater, aidUn. to pain fea ‘uch soot wil make it into’a fdInag ot wear heap earscop the moment . its Fblasoot i miztare ieso fh atime latg a toanure that weight it shouldof alweye be Used to ierenso tho. the ery Houseslope mixed with bothline toanddeatroy woot woo toutli more powerful, gotand improve the plant; ‘but taleta followed immediately, it would bo advisable foferdrench the ground sith pure waterforaexup heday application, Ground fotendel Gffomnyad largo onionsaftershouldbe prepared inshould the be being dug over, ‘waterod withawo ofrtoe of flphuro sidtongue,and ator, rao strong est barn tho ‘Ts wl dostroy over washanita a tho eoeatielyaod 10, Mo D e r o y Bick, Ante, Det yo winter rains will it away galas ines, ohdonnces Sanota quae 4To'm before spring"To Provent Attacks of Bed and inut ada oft soap. Khia 1857, Coe rg ae slants acox Spider, Tb rysaged, cases where fewthe tion fuestodsepuatog plants fan bo well ; ‘See No. {his operation wil borosrted cause them to towithdasppeataety, ‘When this cannot Mildewon Trees, the fos or pies may bo washed over with ‘The1849. best To Prevent p r e v e n t i v e against mildew is to Keep flpbur, and should be kept warm torus thewrite plantdocoodon sabjeot oftoclr fe occasiona lly eyringea in the pestshouse, if"a.bthieWl tof soonsoapea ie eivin l e n v e n en Sat ato theao prevent the‘Tofungus growing on them. Sized dbnosiows with fo watr to aysiage with as1 wel wil 1860. Re mo Mildew ve from Roses, Drove to many set fost Pee ori ams, Hts.mene Mildew andhas been rue: Esrod spider, and will uot injure tho foliago of pag ayrthe plautshot areeun notis upon Gio plant,whenproviding fame, b y daceviag 1 ouneo aitre 12 1 g a l o n ingot the scorching Tale, andanother wateringway theis doplanta with if occa: oem, SNonally; wash th diseased 1858,Melon‘To Planta, Kill Thrips10 hilon thipe Cucumbers parts Wilh a decostion of elder Teaves. Dut and on eurto thonue most efectual remedy iu dowers of aul: Since a lon plat hay ou dusted over thevery fliago, by means of & fqeioged with tobaceo wate, and a ttle eal Eredging -box with fio Holes. Phor “aided, or with a deooction of elder 1861, ToRem oveGr Fly. een Chooee Tearou; either of these repented a fow times 4‘Arrange stl ening and let , the plants be quite dry. thet together n'a cows places pak will safico; or tho infested parts may bo

itelse ech e Hee ute oat Pare e iit edo bsd e ter her Scam Soe p ihe eer et er Soci Vani a Core he aie a bah FE ares Anson poe Put tates tag mths, Se es Sies teSohhira e aera S ne Scoietme

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aadTE85, oe (Er Seater Magoo in Rose

Bate Bh, to Beare Mowe on Grivel Rk Bee dee diana heSee wh oil pps

it wil! form a barrier over which

Molen SES EE ousunterand

ts kas ane Ea eat; if tho seed as be

obably all swim, any thoughlengthfe hasof wottime,lostit willHs sgetaling proper: Us‘Ta64, To Clean Cucumber andin Melon Wate sine tant poo tho ll Woke Seeds sou par heated put.waterthosoveritothomahstbat sievey mod buen bas ‘varny and then Fabwaterthe wllsc0dsae or 959 Fab, ‘The WoO? warm tnattes, seve,” the in Shon Fest botheaeuslyof therubbedglatings aff thenbo theou Thay dey laid to ater toaywill vegetate they after onwhich oto, seeds melon heninber Kept for years nave beou feyYe6s.. Water Mosssaion Lawns, Kill ‘To gona of ree a uot GeewthNo. tobi); 1 gallon of this liquor guor {sleufBeient to nix with 4 ‘gallons of water, water potaber‘rosebrown ouldcausebe dheput-ongrasawitto look dul Tewill green Doceme a, whileywapbutts ibto wil Mavis forAuather ¥ery Bame them procuro golds ‘sitings sow and ‘couches, of whore moss abounds, Tt {iho parts ASei overonly thebe iste thinly,eo thea veryof rain, to sowa shower just abefore. Gf thedoneetter Ghd wash i thoing will injertog, inl wi Balls mosetho rain satbout tiie indicates thataf presence ofaudtossa tep-drossing Thois exhaasted, frase Ronitratesoit of soda or soot wil be found Uenetil. thei, fe will always Tt tho thograssmoss.i tale(SeetoNo. 1576.) choke MeadowclothLand,Lo Kill Mossthe onmeadow 1866, mossy.‘To partswith of good ‘The tabletho wellsotted. manacel Well practieablo, Hf nd autem the in Thmg spring fed offef thesodafolowing should beNitrate fase Aleep. oa thethe sown {Hib thosiy parts of the eld will also kil

439

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

Worms andof y tro Weeds Des ‘ToWalla, sata oseal cost n “Lay Gravel in‘fer1875. tho walk, and ten ari stag Saterpot; but edging, this should notwill beildanethathere Hie ort box iva there ‘wise, | Where the edgingia tet, slate, oF ties, there1876,.ia nothing to fer Worms in Lawns, ‘To Destroy Tato of st10 at the water; Mic3D gallons ete, Grass Plots, un Tie siacked pouty for ltTt feoffstand aud thea well togethen, Wap days, sede the pour ine inwhiel or means water to thislawnwilwithfetch3 theby worms ‘ent,roso andwator-pots ‘te Suton thoto uotopfetof thepith ground,megaud choy will Fequio a Hol away.” as Thothe best in aretodothenthisisin damp ‘weatler, worms bearer thethe Turficoy_ aad the Tawrn should be rolled vowing previous, whichseaver will thouot stiaes, only” asibul {n‘bringibg the worins ili followingupral thenightholes theywil again neo open forsaken,the ‘he they Hotes ater ia wich theyayie and thereby omnordthe tho entr fo each fox! intoday foreaben witont totes, wats Diluted much ammontacal by its Rook Ing liquor will the answer tholok samo parpose, butteit will ako grass brow fur note aterwuets. (See No, 1565.) 1877. Composition for Wounds on 1 Roso-Bushea, Take 9 parts black piteby dart cachbo! resin, taiow, ad eosin,raywid thea ‘Routt mix nasal detho Fre Saved over a slow ‘ee. Apply f e to Planta, for ness Cloaali 167, ‘with a hed, ond Ru bead of plantscleans ons of ethewantTanguiness caus ouely tuearses wall as prevent their dying buck. them, in enre of fny_ $Roohs; thelr gothor by clean, neathe in Vines. “Work to1878.I partBleeding ngJeares,tho’whiehloaves.shomldPlants calcined oyster-shells beaten to perfectly kept bo powder in a mortar, and 3 parts ebecso, denoogh with Fino on routs ts auerfere respirati e watering thei ftlcris uustilthey form a.sort of paste. This mixturo, nt is the of nee Tho uo persis by thelr leaves, and any ii to. he forced into Uhe pores of the. wood Plants ‘here bleeting takes place, by means of tho this retards dust and dire of ation feenmmcl thumb and finger. —A'second: application hele Uy feed. also Plants function fuelul acit s of diethe sometimes necessary, (See Nos. 1880 and g Lo thospeakearbonie byre;absorbin Teaves, famine andy ‘tmospho and digestion Composition forparts pound oppedte their bolt Aosteoys, Kept long plant, ‘wounds in reds. Take 3 areikly exaunine ono ady Yt white Shaikan | part cotnmen vegelail tes mie oom,overor thodrawsurfacea picesoftheof leares inTinena niting-r and Dollbecomes tem ofiththe eoneeconoy & low Best leslie or of tho oredgbly, eauso the Uilthegorsposiuon discover probably wil ho fan oftha‘ boos wit nyie wayeobe preserved frTeal to 1h planes ers Fresh. of ie. Cucumb Keep "To 1872,drooping rr fad naave atboxthermadebestjasttheyto cannet conrenteatly We.After’got, tha.any Broken bektedactor excumbe tho Won Shay be substitmted. nd eat bo fhout tind basmastBoonbe sawed ff, the wholepaved and thent overbury to thethe boxdepthfe ofannaa footdy Uecive Btand,thom,covering of tho ea-ont vary carly thaat rough igs!quiteof thosmooth; ta ho putto Ue with be ieanywilhay causeor moss hotuld sho ‘Thoto be made thent as box, the is fie sof gene coneenunees hay ord then iy on s thepropery laid inad thebiomebox unaywithout. If color Follow, fuoveeomfontion of ound shoud preserve be thelr os, the Wigkeesy ochatfa dll ever the Wey day wathe to lookmayas fresh for tio weeksMelons surebot tswie tho Soelgesot pace salSt over al bo Kept in the taFier wero cutsway. Wit Spoead ame g inaccu Fruit 7680. New Grafting Wax. Molt 1 1878." To placeCurewhereGummin gitm the Tho Trees, pounl rinand veo asiowa penety re odd Ory Lonnesack vestoe cleasel,made andof Tao, and pasta be wellwell upwashed should Inés scrwith with stopped then peter Wien ofcobertay colland S64 cley- andof eetar.fom,‘Thisand wllwil prevent dug, tion Rome ible spoouti spirits tospeatise ine assist aveumuta ‘tho Bounces of 95 per cent. alcohol in small quam. os wound Toin bealnig ‘ho1874, etiring ihe muse constantly.” BOoald ofof ‘ier Bottoms Prevent, the {hovfdcnsol"easse i t to Tum, wasm. again bottoms the Dip Botting Sticke Plant sou i e meds, Roop ina bole tay fon ineertod nto they at fet (as sticks Plant The Hravvory tin eootetth Gbrushe iad om three asptal. hot into ground) he {nto to wix ahould beie of an aspbrltthis 8 willthe Gypreserva the‘thems until fur time s Should on Uiekhes Sach thicker thinfor 0use,dovais uover wilt lego Ze tho prove Ravoraot loug oftive,dipping‘Thosethemthatinaspbal a neo tiem Ecuteays sehly noted t, may conrenie o wi l eaduew thoy heen Sabseitat , 08 Boat ov cola edly up wounds home espbaltedmeasly as thosetan, thatand hare iong 138, au is en exeellent mennre for tho grassy bat this should not bo sown at tho rate of more thau 1} owt, per acre, To Kili Docks, spring Dandelions, eto. Gut,1867. the tops off inthe or sulmmer Lime, asd pour some gastar, or peinkla sume salt dn the wowad. Either of these ‘will Kill the rout, by eating to the very ex tremity. 1868, To Destroy Burdocks. Cut close tothe ground swith a sharp hoe, and apply of Kerosene. Heated afewill drops never appear agin. The plant £0 1869, To Prevent tho Growth of ‘Weeds in Garden ‘Walkes, witsA aweak solttHon of earbolie neil appliel watering. potto garden wales will be an effactual modo St proventing the growth of weeds. Tho eo Inefon should not bo stranger than part puro cearbolio. acid to 1000. to. 2000 parts water Pure carbolie aeidis a virwlest poten, Whet applied ia too strong solution, larger plants aay weey weal only ‘roxy suifer; small plasts aad solutions auisials destroy ns parasite, mista, Even ies and mosquitoes avoid ie8 dor and may be driven away hy it 1870," To Destroy Thistles, Grass, and Weeds, in Gravel Walks, “Sox entre salt pon. tho plants; the thistlea Should be fist ent to the ground, andthe Trech roots be covered with the salt. ‘Tha Fefuse article from the beef, pork, or salt fish bavtel is quite good exougl, and may be employed for this purpose.

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1

1881. Grafting Wax, Tako, 4 ouncos pitch, 4 ounces resiv, 2 ounces hogs’ lard, and Sones pu tht them over all together ato aaol i,Tevabees endTrwax; iolvo alow Br, an of exec eratingom peper wax Bymakes spreadingthe somo this iistura grafting paper. tax Uy ‘The.winingFrenchtogeulting gol very ako other oqial av michquanttiostallow of Ueesna will wax cause and resin, fad adding i to iissolvo ata low temperature. "For an applt ation have. chanbeenevalremoved in runing, shore nothingnbsis betr tar Clay. ‘Tako strong ad1888. foun"Grafting hesive or ela ant EnwadTako tlavo uf songtho onvisteney of sa soap horse droppings, and rub through a riddle of halFineh nheabs’cow-ding, Mis alltho in twoequalingredients ith rod parts, thoto 2 uniform consistency.” When grafting, ave at land some finely~ shosld. ‘operator dashes, into sehieh the bart son be thothe claywholefena nest vile, tatshe 0 to prevent Slipped iat Sabla t o giro 1883. "To iPropagate Marsh Plants. ‘Tho boat plan tyrmeans of a stone trons Ginches t & foot deep, and of any convenient fougth and breath, withbe ntreated hole fore tap at ava Hower to i This fnotcomon, pot; thead otiom being filed coreeed eth a small Etsy tho tose up with eo Ss post of post ad light loam, bo surface Then ‘covered withho gotany deveciption ufil light Jose that ean a n d . watered the trlole fe satarited a the hein ‘1884. To Prepare Seedsfor forexporttuon Exporitsnded Seeds tation, ould perfoetly not bo fiper gatheredthey atl theythenharebe laidbee feomo show fngetting astoro,thomof expe thdey thets suthe toprincipal dey, at pertectiy map arebe kepe packeddey,in thbagsey welpapers Srintboxes TheyHe hop he onthe, withow injury to of voyagevesetatin thule ‘Tide shout be of east irom Before using, they Tus heated rede, and then thrown Hsoed oil. This gives thom a varnish

if th should into cold whiel

reser of theratio fot asor an prevents the Mortar svall ste bg to. them ‘hon1806,”they Mecsod azo drawn. of Covering a Bank steep cofer amethod ‘Tofollowing Withwith Graso. ofStateBarth quiidy g r a s fhe HSrocdunaonded. bj German.ro Horselesral ‘Assocation: Horcachmpaara tobe pled thio F pound lowe gray soy aid ke 6 soll Enotaly and dhomgghly, with about foot of fondin dryn-cygardenand cardto it aligtfata.mianere, Tis Bpineed Saktod with in;aoutronsFurswater fs moe added toandthe Sfoll tired to bang tho Consistency of morta, Tie slopaSmooth, st andbe loonod ‘if and’ meu’ pereeiy ies oll watered, afer whichwith toa cue), paste just Iogtoned isto b e apgicd and mado av ven and then as posible. Shontd to tie upair ayts by tohday iy exposure Wremale gain watered did rooted SHUT tho for] grasa mates ite eaeapponrance, eich vill bein weeks, and whole decivsy Willnor iocerored ky clog carpetfor grom 1687, Substitute for Glass ‘Hot Hromsas._“Apyins with a common paint rey ite or toGanatiat balsam of cited Fh bil of turpentine, the sta hie Instn prevlysictehed ead fastened inthe yosition is need to oceap 1888, To Preserve Potatoes and Other

Roots. Thos aro preserved indifferent in view. Tae‘ways, accordingto the olject roots, as those of the dablia, paonia, yous tuborose, éte,, iatendled to be planted in the through the biccoedin Svinter in deyepting, eae, troia preservetl temperature rather under ¢han above what ia natneal to them, commerce, as 85 may the bulbous roots of ut, for eonee hyacinths, talips, onions, ete. loose, in cool dry ener kept ace these rence, maolvee of lofts, oF the finer sorts ia. papers, Roots ofall Hinds 4ill ray thobe season preservedof planting, in an iee-houso tll tho re-

tIntonstices un of tho with natwwalslesiey crop. After stungtho tetho Rnd_eovering hn teaemake,withbaskets the sameeymateal place t‘rit oa ‘eof is hoses, ad fl Bhopar thenips, earmts, beet root, and, fa. Houlan potatoes. iy sospended tio cold ofthattkeall pluee, ‘ogetatin isco taich ese Ietctos may be dbus kepe fesh abd uainjered, Ul taey ive place toanather erop ints nabaral 1880. ia water ‘To Dryto gotRoots. ‘They ditshout’ bo rubbed id o f tho and alsa Sune of thoendermucous sbstanco, thothatlargerwoulda9 Utherwise them mouldy then to beroot,cut, tie spltyodoror residing pooled, bub. i bask, most tumatio im tho they niston notsiovesbe poled; they audaro then tofa boa prea or hudles, deed Heat of about 120° Pahe, either on the top of An‘roto oven, shake in astove, ora steam close, them ceeasiowall, to ebangetakingtao Strface exposed Ur thobony,air. peony, Thick waterlily and juicy roots, as ehubned, te, alee, tFang agen902 a tothroat, fSquilsare tad! age hung cutsealed, tao im heat of abiont 10>, theeaded, and died around thebarista pipe uf atove, or timo a hot. closet. Rt bewraste separate that mucous aviplofina which wowidpowdered.” otherwisaPotatoes render 0it Ulsek S08 how cet 1800, in slicesToad Transplant dod Large tho.Shado ‘Trees, In the autinns, before Host comes-ou,dig'a trench afound tho treo Ad {the roots bat ot too mene tho tree. Retore the treo throagh the ‘winter, when tho frond is fren. lease it up Wh tho frozen Srth adhering to tho loverroots. "Tho wholo mass iSvasily suis with s on to a strongsled, Sut canor horses, then bo'Teees drainfromerect20 to by JO moans ot fen feet ig tafrome boin moved by this method,° and they Wall the spring. 1891..ell "TodowaDrainto thoLandAst:in poroon Level stratum: Placos, Salsa ‘Tho seater fromexpecially the nppersoit willpipes ow readily into tho well if drain oF tila Uo aid in ts direetion,

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

first thatcutting a eros in the middle, and ve dst at{nto coined bnrrel onUoptho goesrock.tbrougl tho waten unandtheelimbs "tbo [paper comes back to its original position, and hefa fightsecondfor therat follows tho fst, hen begins possession of the dry place on ho" stone, tho of which thers, who marenoisethe sain fate atieuets tho

1804,fall RatwaterTrap,rouse Till a cone, bore! ee abou hale fate around"rivethan nailthe fside of onue wack Pikeof hare ormne the coven exactly eppodio cack otter weight wi. really {ip theaya eover pac Pat fre Toa" in i fpty bal or baxnoarhy.e Bieteb aemaple at exeellont trap, 1895, ofBait {9ef sedis Catch Ratste power and Mice. Ittiep oll ee tome, bait in a common or wri fnd tho trap bo set inn fatested facalteyae bthot y vermin.ne heTatsagetndwilisisbe Baad possess eseet

Ting for tho ol, and-wil nek ouput obtal.: it. an

S60" ot Catch atunerat, ‘tate «

pee gh i sosmenu pereSo mera beren leal oma et mailin& g

Leen Br ee ae

he Extermination of sig Vermin. oe feed Thetolloringeompare det oreo. vermin of all Mads bare been Selectod as tho

Maton ect 1900,"Piaom tboToCatehiRats, Coveracommon Sse pp, 1 nla bodecng bo tasep th

Tacesto the top; speinklo ther feed for Uke Fats on _ ‘hey beginto fo thei daily rautions fiom this seureo; then place in tho hottom of the bargel a pieee at rock about 6 or 7 inches high, dling with water wutil only enough of it projects above the water for on0 fat to lndgo upon. Now replace the paper,

to

EAE andwo esto Destroyyer oshite fl aoacam 2 nce ak ca oles meet eat ba ras en Sosa di sianeamgao te propio

of this paste.

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THE SURVIVOR

Vol.

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os soy rapid ation on the anal or iota, Ge,moke hasrapidly, apparently, tipo Clot tata fhbbits upod ede aad Bogs. Tntroddeed ip ciuces bisalphide inaplaceculvert, tind found within 20 yards ffom the somo 40 doad vats 1901. To Exterm Cockroa ches.a: Rorax is one of the lestinate of roach extermin tors. There is something poouliay, either in it, and never ap bbgeu placed. TL

ton 1 ones poke-root fa 1 pine WaterBugs, Wiel theToil strength mix the dovoetion with molasses andextracted spread it in plates inthe Liteon op other aparlaenta Fehich ato infested by these iusects. Pare frecn sprinted. the spartwventa will Also exterminate arotind them; should bo used With eaution, as ie fy veky bet,polaonous 1008. "Tohx Destroy Bed-bugs. Rubof th bedsfends t h e Jomats witb equal parts spits of turpontio ad Kerosent ol}, and tho Gack suvbase in rooms whero there fre anny.of thePali cracks with hed Soap is an excellentup allche nemedy.—— March out ‘April aro the months. when Dedsteads should bergautng kite the es 1904. ‘To Destroy Bed-biigein Papered{horoughlyy Rooms. andClea thethelcentre paint ef the room et in the room a dish cnvtaining 4 ounces of of brimstone. Tague clos th gon ae Mga a po bo, Keyiole of the door with pe pet, stappitig to keep thethe fumes of the brimstone in tho Pin Ha i sea for 9. Hoary, then ‘pen the winders aad-air thoroughly’ ‘The Irimstone will be fond to bave allo Bleached tho pe itt eos a yellow whe 1905. caunphur Bod-bug'4 ouneos Poison,spirits"Mixof together 2laommoos tanpen: nce corsair ean end t Pk 1906. willTo illKill those Bed-bugs. Boosing or gasoline as fist as they Gino reached. By asingpests epring Siler, the id oy te foread into Cheeksbottom and troviees more thoroughly t h a u b y any ether feaus.” As this uid is highly iaammable, nme with fice mustbo areided. ‘The roo sould be wel seinaway.rentiatet aaa, rntil the gas passes ( S e Ne. S40.) 1907." fo Ekterminat e Bed-bugs. Wash of thoellorde articleof infested with a wenk wel tion sine.” ‘This is un leetual lanier of these peste Insect & Destroyer. Aand1908. uilstive‘Benzing of 10 parteas.an onaine, parts con Bo parts water, has heen very tuccessfl Jyloge.used Teas to destroy tho parasites which infest ul heen bed With ond roses Jn vetesiuary practi, as an opplieation ia ertnin of thotertudn shi; andwhenTonswoodeluted, {sound diseases toanswerbet pure

Disporso Black Ants, foAmong1009,lesiontho ‘To,offaoses ehof ormiooi sealedae thew trnlosone fects fs sold1818)to edeevulindisionging them GSee'vo: 7616."a plato 72 exterminate Red Anta. GGreaso with land, and ser whe these isects abound, ‘hoy prefrland tomy thingelso wil forsaze Tow selsandaround the pategarfor furit.tho antsTiagoto

441

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

cation amongcollated country feqventy people—telsfor thoof” thees plant boing press paoso Pheof furniahiag matetil for tho eeoctlons elfeleney of this remedy Scena to depeud on thewile preseuee of theto alkic {oid ealfeddelpise, appears bo a olsen especialy fatal to insects 1920.!"'o Destroy “Bod _Anply stavesacre ointneit oF 1921,ings‘Po aroOlean pretty often covertd with by log,placing and Inay‘olean bo wwhito effectually relieved of them clothit willuver bo their cagewithat hight Tthe moraiug covered Beet laaeeret ras ae seep el a bly be Nall ath fxeopt by’ the a i d o f a g l a n s ; these aro Tico, soto of greet euorate to tho birds, ace di ah "Ticn chefon skin Poultry. 1¢ infeed cySia ip wsss! Balan man with1038.Hee, damp under the featherson a litte with sulphur ae cai meas, So via thoTeith aXin.wotor, I thenthe tedsprinklebo covered insets or parasites, t h o y Will all disoppeat in tho Bole vie geBein ee, too foutes of12 ho SECA 1933, chloridoct To Driveline Flies from in Stables, Seater on board a stat, of dos, be note especial is to dip dogs and cats into 9 decoction of it {o remove all kinds IWith p bitingevenMies.a” Spriukling hods of veggtables weak caterpilac, solution, ofteetualiy pree Serves Uaemt from slugs, €eo ada, tof part peered eho of Tin Mart round of soinsthe fatty matter paced in a narrowie ‘bid trivk of the tres, proven scela From creeping up it. feeEvenfrm rats, mice, nekroaclis, ail ctievets it 1024. bunch ‘Po Keop Flies from.amd Horses, Procuro's of smartweot, ie twthoroughly cause the withjie to extde. Role tho Oruise atiunal ve biel of ears bsulsedNeither weed, ace a enren a leo cpolaliron tho lego nee, ad ea a hee oe insects should will trouble him for 24 See ae iN ORT fieshours,orother“Ths process bs repeated every diay. A averysiongconvenient. wayoling of using te mead ity ‘will leave. infusion by 1918. An Excellent Flea Trap. If to's fw aninates applied i water,with When cold orie eanbrasbe ‘you should happen to haro tho eonsciotigness| aonrauiently a . epongo StDav having a flea abost you penton, you have Sartre to jutroduce, bofote getting into body ofHighway. the country,unduouellygrowing on wet ovry grotadactin neat Beco of new fal batten to sheet ea dapedl on finding youryelt fovea forot 1916._"'To thoanay fant Provent the against Attacksgoats,of repared Paper. Paper freGnata, "Tho best proveative Pee Fes oo sel nar. fascamphor. Wl aa tho best eure for thole stings 1S iefollowing would bemethods wean ufin iioprepanig inal paper state,‘illhe bo 1017, ‘To Clear 8 Room of Mosquitoes, ‘Tako ofgsgumahdcauplora piece about | oud Useful and a sotae cases incepensabley fetus of an orapoate ty pacing {haa tin wens and holding ie overnot ignite lnm for referone for‘Thecandle taking ero that toes 1026, To Make Transfor Paper. To moke will koun All tho room, aud expel proparo teanefer paper, some tin post ‘Me1018, moaguitos, OF tissue papor, eb tho takeauefaeo wit To ‘Keep Away Mosquiters. black load, vermilion, ved cbalk, or well any color. Dip a plo of sponge or fate! in sunptor. matter; wipo this. preparation ‘well off 100" Epis, and ako it fost to theo ing ‘with Gf tho Bodatead, A decoction of pensyroyal, for use.a pies of elean vag, and it ill be ready orespmed some ofpart,tho will Grusoeffectually Teaves, mbbed onthos0 the 1927, To Make Tracing Paper with heap off Petroleum. Satarate ordinary wating paper troublsdae sect. with petroleum by means of a brush, teu 1919, ‘To Destroy wipo it off until Vermin ik is in Ohilamakes a en's Heads, tracing paper equal to dry. the ‘This Take once euclt manufactured waegar nd stavesa ero, J ntsotncosettcau howey and Ga discovered article, for all ‘ordinary purposes. Te wis pls a by afr, Mined, au architect at Aa Tato nigient, andl rab ‘Noustaat. the head wth i t Insects aco lnynedat ely sdlcate 1028. To Make Tracing Paper with d heahy henyie, “howe fonelin es found Bonzine. “It paper bo damped with ‘pare tn ho of withoat etna on ‘and fresh distilled ings aro destroyed t at ance assumes by i t at ence, ‘transparency, andbenzing, Ioaveni eat pormits of tho tracing beresult bolg’pa reived. Tt Ney ing mado, and’ of uke or water colors belts leon employe d which veir info susedatdomesc ly tssatiate Uenigh, gol dngCte,” the(See on ts susfaco fasects any sum ‘Tho paper resumes its without Ng. 1 3 0 5 . opacity as the benzine ) ‘Tho. tao of lake fovaporates, and if the drassing is not then tho dextact tho ingest nf completed, fogfeel thefor bs tho requisite portion of the paper head onfs uftime-hon ored appl

sinh op Gennaro ai Raper Gnasre aee eo pect pea pikes gal eam

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SURVIVOR Vol.

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must bo again ofdamped with bensine, ‘his ew anooory th rect of bexsag ‘llplant prove ofpeo great sortico to many hybrauches in tain se ot Sihcould paperine where formerly yenyeai only igh Gssue ‘To Make Transparent or Tra cing Paper, Dissolve pico of whit bear Sra algal the sizo of a walont in $ pint dina 'of torpontigg;. thea having. preetred emo vorycleanfino boot’ white, woven tissue paper, lay it'on ond witha salt brush dipped in ths ligul,go"over-onesey and fen tom itover and gpply it to the others hhang it gfe up ib placo fre frou dust to ary Jel eoof aresis,foor anys Soinein suidSead email quantity usb resin ofwastTo 1930,” Make Tracing Paper, Lay open a gaieo of paper of lage sz, acd appl a cleanparts sukot folCasa neout balam of vanish, nnaat af‘wlth egal ea turpentine, 10 tho it'on upper ane, surtucoand ofrepeat the first. shoot, then hang the poration on fresh sheets Wl the: proper ahi uo. coat 1 ofotvarnish lien aneapParent, 0 second may be Bled da toon as the ft has bene quo v.1991, Iridescent Paper, oil iy. wa tor, 8 pitscoalnutenls, 5 parsun eulpats of oa inom, or usher Bo, aeobetio, par. guin-ambie Wash itho tb paper nthe acd thon expoas om 1882,red-hot,To show Powdert intoGlass. Hest the lace cal watsey dre, nt pulverize, eoao or isons reqreds anton mortar” Tessa ty fier aes aefe ud pon pagorov masta poling; rub dow fora upon tho fey alee th

ies

have ‘well soaked and aed.

mesa

ROE

erent

Posedor the lass {that with agreouiss ts

Sane re gels rong cane, ea names co ay tog garyaad

"BHA" a0 Skt ioe Bape a

442

1938, prepared fo Mialzoin prectaly Emery Paperor Cloth, ‘isis ie sao man: ner as ele paper” (sea No. 18). us mony atead Bgl’ Re 1938,bo useful Phenylfr packing Paper. meut‘Thisaad articlo ‘wot tier states fable to decay.” (See No. 1014) Ttean bo prepared by Taking 8 ports sear2 Aol’ one he slg Well wth ports eotbolois seidotandhota 6 parts melted beam para Bi, a sol it to ispapermade.ia tho(Seo same unterund as epplying fase popor No. 1853) 1937, Solvent offorper Sills, Paper, é.fe se anon eh Sill, pope, andho thoTitedeollulgtiosvo of pants.it Ifa actin to a fow moments ouverts the"Eosurface into a gelatinous Mass. 108, Make Wasod Paper. “ukehot eattidgo or iotherwid! paper, place it on a od’ wax, ofandmakeapya toe andof rabth wa tenting {fon Ion ifargo scale AE iteking’« gurlgui ena enan of paper pening Ie at with panavery a talehoksmootbing and chen goingin, cleritguickly Salust whieh fedown lield pon a piecethe.of papet_ wos, which, iting mone andcoon8 aisorbel Uy its -A Title. practi wil {iarmine thefromrinonnt of towhein.that When. ehoald thebo Shed off tine. Upper sheet iis siniiar taken manner. off, and HEing oneesetss belowoffs fweseatnratel| treated fn epplied into thethelower rtnetanes Tealiiy penetrates tee layer Ves for inaking water or ateproof pipes,up forthe chemical experinents, also fr eying weeks of Uottles, covering. preserve ar fn for enveloping tobueco andfromotherthesubitant tsinelog.that vequre f o . bo kept geuerelly‘Unfott and similarai sub.r0Huneel

Oiled Paper, Brush To Mako 1039,of paper over with Lotted oi, ia which wees Gissnive alittle sellae earefully over a slow Tine untit dr fire, aud suspend. themd onto cea over pots aid of. Employe Waterpro Jats, ind to arzap sp pasto blaeking, ‘Todo, Olled Paper as a Substitute for is reboiled Siti, “Boiled linseedlead,vit sutphate Oiled of with litharge, acetate asof ones toa vine, and burnt tinber, paper beingof uel Tad om a gallon. ‘Tho sheet of covered with his well is it board, quaro The first sect is covered om both Iisture, des; the second, placed on this, reeeives on feoating; and s0.0n to 20 or 50. "Separate and Hang up tos. ‘1941. ‘To Make Paper Firo and Waterproof, “Take 26 olnees alu, andin 4a

disotveves el themdisolve Gunes white soap,iafo ailanother of Water; tgamarable ant 1 onmeo gle, 0 the (quar ounces former,ig owand a9 the whieh of watertogether, fame solutions tio warm, SSi1 thquantity tao. paperute sntondedpassedto tobo bomalekept waterproofnuit dppal dh ttie a demay bewithout rollers Toure suspented panes the fofi osrollers, and thenforadied.kind ‘Pheof dipped, perfectly um, aad , e n i g Soap, fina, protectsof thoWate,surface whled ruigeia and aston the froin paperWathen Sdlpof thoreer second A Sraproot, somewhat it fest! heuer. {Immersion Pape: Fireproof "To Mako 1942, makes paper the ip and alin. of solation ‘Takeo bis dry. to aline over throw then jg jnto plain wheter paper of sorts all to {suite

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA fo colored, as well as textile fabrics. Dry a flip of the paper ia the fame of a candle, aud AE hot, sulenly prepare dip aad try ita seooud time.

FiteprooffrwproatPaper.Uy 1943, Totay Make readers bo wenspapers gs by of aie23° of slnsie Hopaietetoect a elton algal the neataleng petang bot, 40" Baume. Biealecannot Thainby eitho ofatmosphere ehGetthen dieing paper . of the Waterproof texture the deste ‘Papas: ‘neaice Mo TO4a"ia’ 10 pots hot wate 30 ono gh, Mae Ta gum-arabios cunces 8 onl gee iplstino osnets 90 mele water, hoe "pists 80 Seetherand 4 ods aun; ls both igus feap compo:gal on conaittes Tis pots oe in abate 4 hunt pot another e a Hoa Sortaud't gallon para, ant mela i nvslo unt us to.fetalthessa rots offedecomsteney. Bietoes dogiee hofornte af manic bior and ypeBe mde” adoTaniafl ehooy cases TN bea to aril tho ap Psst Nov opwnon lin No. eompogtion tho ceubtrostfacyinteaud thon Gey Se Noxt apply Moko ompostion ‘Mo. in a eos stata with & mate plasticor boata © he. Papiermac ods. white of ctiogs or formed sil bate in water beaten a pate a Paver ot elton a wth mig thn aad RB i t T tenacity give to gan, n i pment ite pre isi Ay d mttfatfce iy gare mould, aherwarts Gre eorere with Sed or ote amp-nes and sie tare‘ seh yaraede ail fib Sretoontde

,J04S. in "To.Paper.Detest,Caloinotho Presence, of Plaster t h o paper ina Ghose vessel, andspoon; dilate ifthesalpburettad resdao with hydro: ving fran in wallver Een disengaged, which blackeos the wilspoen,bo feShing,ispresence of a wulptate (plaster) his adulteration bas lately become paper-makers, wih anions thethenwniebt cominon ery view of Toincreasing the 1047," in Woodywith Fibro Detecti touched ordinaey paper The Bayer, feathg If wood. ta presenton the paperitrwill dei be colored brows,fibroeapectally Paper. mixedTo Copying 1948.black Magic rake paper, take laup-black With cold landlatd, Bho!ed’ paperpaper—Prassian Venetian bls red nixed wit iised with ard:lard. Green paper-cbrome greento ized with ‘The above Ipgredionts Novi to totho,thecominteney tick pty “Tem withof rag. paper applied find take a anuel rant rub Unt all the eolor Senge coming oir shes, alternated Sri peu, writing. paper2 ofasd.3 eopics wollen’of ona lett with a@ Sold produce Manifold Copying, Process. ‘Thisis 8 method patented by ate. Underwood, ofres London, forhisfakin copiesmanyof writing by meni a Event Enpiesov more ofa letter or other writing can iotobtained, © "Tuo copring paper is prepared. b y bin wetted Wlih & sotttion of 200potash graiusiu of1 galethe ehrowatect nevtral or Yellow Tha ot jomodiately, distilled water.or mayThi" bodied, paper can. andbo raced amped. wath inkewaterto when required fororignal we ‘The copying bo used for the ‘ruling inst abont be made by” disslriog’ (in ofa Yvater bath) 6 poonds paro extract Tbgwood ia} gallon disiled water.

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Darwp all6 sheets of the oiseare: prepared witb paper, good and remove’ superduois Uiotting psheet, aper, place tho original weitiogpresson the upper and putin tie copying: forGrignal sbout audbaulf’a minuto;i iLthen place temoveG snore the subetitate damp ‘sheets ofhour.the papes, and thepressoriginal for a quarter of an then’ ake Szain iof lay itpaper, on thoandtop press of 5 fornoveabout damped ects" the Iminntes; Sally remove tbe original, andi twoita thea papet,process of the ‘his more sheets pt 3 quarter lace fora ress of a n hous, ‘rll givoaro’twenty eopios. Ithe morewritingthan twenty apie to ho made, of thobo Grltaal soul, fore t h e ink fs que dry, diasted over withof logon, a powder | composed of 8 prs extract pact powdered Fur arebic, and 1 pare pomderod giles aga Sant 1950. Process forSt. Copying Very new Old Waitings, Niepee Viclor gives process for eopyinig very old writings. “Orde papeof gluense 3s dood btor honey i wetted ith 2orharpthinwater,eopying Balstion instead On cing out ofaramonia, tho presswhiehtho paper iv exposed t o steoog frie ont very clearly bes otherwise alost Aletbe. 1951. ‘To Prepare Paper for Varn ing. ‘To provent tho absorption of varnish,

and injuryto color or desigu on the pa pos, itis io 0 frst giveiL 2 oF 3 coats Ftize, ‘The lst size for white or delieate olor is maule by dissolviy little isinglass fn bouling water, or by boiling: some cleat arehinett cuttings until they form aclearsofation; then strata Uirough a piec of clea muslin, Teasay be applied wit wo soft aint: brash, the first coat, o fgntly. Tho best rush for this purpose fe fhe Kind used. by varnishers for giving the finishing flow eoats wide, offat injurand fot; 0, where thereaf is varnish, umneh dauger ing a design, and the paper article will alae of tt isa good plan for the frst coat, to pour the solution into a'wide, Dat dish, and ass tho paper throm ie oe, and ‘buck ‘gain, and'then hase up to dry. Por tess delicate purposes, a lite ligbteolored lie, soaked over hight in enotigh water Ws eover it, ‘and then dissolved by heat, adding hot water ough to dfs scout, wil make an excellent siting.

443 impossible, the surfuco uf the paper requires

he tras: from the gainboge surfuee 0. paper thus prepared is perfect. Tho gamboge must be dissolved the same day it fused, as i becomes oly by standing. ‘Tho starch should bes day old, and the skin romovid from its sure,

‘Take icpepr Paper. 1987. feoLithograph one a uncer rater ih a yorueh composed of 120 parts sare,

40 parts ginu-urabie and 20 parts slum, Make there paste of the stare by boing, Alissolce the gran and alum separately, an When well mixed, then mix all together, sauooth to thy fpply bot with w flat dey andbrush, smooth by Then of the lithographio ofualerpaper.Use seraper Iavprasing es press

spuro LithoBernard, andMelDelame' 1058, whi s 2 paris Crayons jraphie a cow firey str fn by degree Pier next small ofpieces; fato(avi olen Ine, gam parts Callow soap dred pare to fine shavinges then stnand Hi duced Ing Mhayrre part whic 1 Cone Intely grout. olk taseopalbeenvarnish {page previous feubpbtac paste hascan acebo tin to b-heatproperaud stieuusistence,Uo which ‘quired tinhsa erapon with aing by foru dan allowing Recraiue cold, become itt moult, sould be test wiped with & greased Toul’ : ne.Fastoyrie adopts a somewhat diferent for tallow whito Deel crayons:was, 6 parts; lampblack, forpatts;his white ria 6 Soap, be pub ave up. to When audand tallow soap. Pte’ pee covered gooloe ugtly fesed by Heat, and Jape is“thoro notesmall theho elts Ula. Se gradually eprinthe string. temainy 1952, To Size Paper. ‘Tho paper mst caefals Motiiod of Preseryin withRouget' ited1990." boalumpassed or stesped it a isistsce of uo and con, water, “For transparent or sini-transThisinveorntion s., tacings, Drawing Pencil sketches drawings Bret paper, a mistre af war, or dxting ingRBsie Hing s ca these to atterany y directly projecting spray, 1953. Albuminous Size, Beat up the balts dno Eedteed lias! ahedive white of am egg swith tio ta balk of cold ot atomized calledthethequid semmmunohy nlyeating whatl sate, ein Water, until well incorporated, Used. as a pass to Dulverie Yamishto saefor drawing leather paper. bindiog and kid. gloves} Mipudly under pressure though ono oF Horo the iyon thisprocessmethodare tabsof oetheopesings. apilary 1954, ‘Pounce. Povedered gom randatranstdati Pidetets the aptiedeucrlly passesparchmest under forthiswriting ames ob, aditis Sete done aay se, DsaesLime, we may and to prepare less 1b esecuted is Speraton without toerasure. prevettiak tom spreadizy on paper after byFor thothe artist at ouce dtaetlte Posedered enttieisb bots ie ocoa. ip’the perorme liquid, Rxine . Migntes Hud, Sonal used in the same way. Packers rb colorless neatly or atonsced, an wie, which eclonens fhe surico af porna greaay wool with 3 dy atertho being of idee of ounce consisting o f whiting’ or powdered pasteles the causos " s y r d g treorin uso Fesin to make it bear the inie used‘The bycolored mateials to pao drawing Sor o other harcatf oes (asually wltesmarine) . ate paper tho avuly tly suileten toatther Ter crates for oytailing over pelape tiGF other deawing surliee, may saree forwhiehtho liguid. 1s obnt aro al"Lithographic eae pines, Paper. In onder puupere, “Thee for instadee,& results P'[O55, ury satisfac ost uo a solution of 9 ounces a theadding foengproveto andtho insinking. traci into orthedoinpaper,fomwhichat Eantgiec by tained shellac,n whitoeceetio Bounces and candy sugar ‘would render a perect transfor fo the stone ‘bite wine, of spists Trrahoal'S pints

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA ‘of about 1 cuneo Fucus evispus (Irish moss) in 1 pint distilled water. 1960, ‘To Fix Pencil or Chalke Drawings, drawing its face, pins, strotehandit Gabtly Lay on thoboard with ondravsing’ give the back 2 07 coats of a solution of 5 parts isinglass, or guntarabie, in 12 parts ater, using a vamisher's flow brush, and allowing each coat to dry before la t. When dry, tuen the drawing over, fico owards, an wire it 1 or 2 coats iu the Fame ‘This will usually be sulicient to fx the drawing, but the addition of 1 or 2 fcouts of a solution of 4 parts Canada balsam, fn 5 parts tnepentine, will aiford still furtber protetion,

1961, A cinventent To Fix Penoil or otCrayon Drawings, inetbon ivan or crayon drawings consists in molstoningpenethe ‘back of intho alcahol, shost withcaroa solution of Uleched ahellag being taken not orto have the solution etter too concentrated too thio,baking buvstehit transparent as will flow wlien reallyist,on andthe fagway nu thespotsdrawings behind will on evaporation, 1a this become pur neatly ised, aoon astamay proiuen aRerwanlaverybe paitted ia ‘watercolors excellent tet, 1062.thothod, To Fix Pencil Drawings, A simplo asd sudictent for general purposes, istopartspat milk nto aandlargowater. lac dish‘Thea mixture Brtho equaldravelng bask of should be doated over the eurface ‘ofto thotho milkthickness and waterof tieonce paper, or tee,sufietent accordingto ‘Wottthe through, ehowgs tallowof anythe OfGraving. liquid"Pin foitDueonrunnot on. the'rurtage ale to dry. Sou pre foe 1083, using puro"Po iti Tale Creases outLay oftheDrawing Paper or Bngravings. paper orvengetcng, fe detente on teti SStith f stiooth,inseed waite paper; cover auodleraodsuetiron ofwiththo we smb, very slight Hyfaire dated, mdoraaly warm 1964, ‘To Make Parchment Trane-

parent, Soak a th shes, skin of parebinent ia often wringing it Rrone iye of wood ‘out till fou find fbb somes transparent; then train ii on a(ranie, and lot it dry. "Tais will be much improved if, afer iis dry, ‘coat, sides,of oftiepentine, elear mast Gilatod onwithbothspirits Make “Sting Artificialsia Parchment, Doll 1965.tins‘Topata paper immiessed for a few seconds in oll of vith, Gilated ‘with half its volume of water. Tt en Washed iu pare water or woak ‘water, It strongly resembles animal pare ent, and is uscd for tho samo purpose ‘ho solution must exsctly thanof the strongnell jdicated qd gotbo warmer the surrounding atmospheve, 1966,stooth‘To paper PastodoosParchment ‘Thick, not geuetailyPaper,hold Jong vehon pasted tngother or on wood. This Giflealty is easily overcome. It the surface fof that part of the paper which is to be jommed. bo frst inofstened with alcohol or brandy, and tthe gio or pasto then be applied, the waien will bo perfect. A. pioco of very tia paper inserted: bovweon tho susfaces of the patehmeat papor ell also make a firm joint, Glue for pasto should be used, as gum-arabie will not 1967, New Method of Making Parchmont Paper, ain improved method of pre Daring this substance, eonsists in using the Sommoreial ol et viol fn au undiluted state.

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‘Tho paperand is Sst passed through asotution of lon thoroughly dred,soyprovious to is Inmérdos, thus preventing undue action af iw easouivo principle ofthe vite after 8 applicat ofionthandacid,thenthethrough pa er Se pase {tora vat of water, ae th too aa acd. Waaad alae printed wethout paper maymotaralyal uadergo thisimproved Bs fetingthe clearsprootter,aferandbingthe wetted on several times fn saoosedion, while paper pre pared in the crnal manner Toe, to: grok its pllaney, and. booomes handed ieent, 1068,for | Papyrine, Dip alpha whito analsed payer asmlata strong Tad"afterwards waverit cobtaizing it ‘Smmonia.” ‘When in dried has th toughtes od1080, appearance of parchment "To Color Parchment, ‘Thetollonly8 color given to parchment is green. Data creamin of600tartar andwater? 90 partswhenerjatallised fardiges parts thle avid. solu lion fo eold, our fato it 4 pars nitric Moiaten with & braab,overite andsurface, then apply thethoaboveparchment liqld evenly ‘The given, with ‘white pecosaary of egg orsurface mucilagofaishof Tegumvaratic. 1070." Take Composition. for” Dra4 pare Crayons, 6 parts shellac, Spi of power, ing 2 par turpentnn faid,paraorpi-of coloring auch as Prasaian ‘ment, de. and wath, 18 parta chy. white To claylead, stvermilion, be hora and dredswith itthait a hair bysievecrituration pastedwelltrough Shen incorporated Abello tho epiritepig-of ting), Mo(previously Curpentigedissolved and theja coloring Tent The doughy macstho is desired pressed shops, in proper Toul cous to nequro dod then dried by stove heat YO71. Charcoal Crayons. Sew theof finest-grined, sofvest, and Unckest pieces charcoal, intopipkinalipa ofof melted the sizowax,required, put {em into and alow them hen to madcrate over outa slowand frefay forthembalf oaan Hour, take: thea loting-paper wo dry."fue vedThe andabuve,blac process tray algo employed cali Drawiogs ade With these crayone are very permanent, ad if warned. slightly on ‘erong side, he nes will adgere and becometho aetldiraie aysimplyink sbaying That caythe charcoal say wialoo mado b y ‘eke Willow charcoal should bo weed for this1972.” parposeTo Clean Engravings. Secure uneboardengrovingcoverwithi dravting piascommon oo n savooth thinly wif al finely’ powdered; pour and equceeo lend joie pom port this sllof” a0 Now aa to aarato desl onyaconid Wierable afabouttho 45°board,withthetthe it’ horizon. may fom Pouran. able ol lay on theti engraving from a allteu wa kell all acboingemowaterfice tif; clean, theandengraving fre fomwilstaine.then Teappear mast perfect be drs fdally, on the same hosed, oF on gommo Sinoth direc. "(Seo N o s . 411, Fe.) ‘1073, Prints, To CleanSeptimus PrintedPleasePaper andtho Picture gives following recaipt for that purpose! Fasten thoing paper toa board with button drawing then wash it with water in which 16 Tisctved ounce of withammonia toemploying every pintancamol'sbuir of water.of carbonate Thin do brush for tho care, pare ove, th paper Siiesh Then water.”ny Wheu dry, well repeatwiththe plsty samo

444 for the roverse side of the paper. st tho paper with water made sour ‘with white vinegar. Finally wot the papet ‘with water contalniog a little bleaching power, snd again rinso with clean water; (baa dap it by exposare to ait end suoshine, Tt becometh white, excepting. printed, To h cen poutgive achatwhere of parchment ize, Most valuable prints have been thus restored. 1974, To ‘Transfer Engravings to Paper. Place the engraving a few seconds over tho vapor of iodine. Dip a slip of white per in a Weak solution of starch, and, when

wil, "When of ultho ofengraving, na wenlay aelation ead upon alip ag in iy dry, ‘hice both fora few misutes sader a press. engraving fish,will bo reproduced in all its ‘The delcacy'and on Plas1976.

1976. Hydrographic Paper. This is szname given to paper bo prepared, tbat, when with Water, or somo other colo ead of ink, the characters will ‘dry and reduce inhDurgalls,anderase ig ade 1'yatestened eulphate of rons

bt evernto thdthe sua of powerfel the pape,pressure; thea forcing it pores iy Drush Toose blaportion, and'a pen dipped in wateroff willthe write 1978,”Water,To ‘Write’ Blue Characters with! "Frpace the piper with 2 Bixture of eesquisulphate of iron and ferry: fnide of reeaipt potassiom, Uy tho same method a the last with water and the ebaraciers Write will appear Live bs before, 1978.Water,‘To Produce Brown Writingef with Instea of the sulphate. ‘foner; inandthecharactors lost receipt,writenuse sate of cop: with water ‘wl 3 1980, rediah- ‘Tobrows, Writepaper Blue with with a a sslution Colorlessof Fluid, "Wet the Terveyanide of potassium, andtl dry it again;a rote heh en dpe Reeguisulphata of Wrou, aad tho writing . will fetne,

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

vera Sipped abd thenintoexposed 0lution the lightohy-oF tied weak Atorlpburet of anti. g 0 101beaidk nig beBlack, A s p e r still finer and deaper btnat by boiling the ivory for some ino in a strain

Aecoction ofof logwood, fh acatauon rol elphato,and orthenrei steepin aodateot ron,1985, ‘To Dye Ivory Red. Mako an {infusion of cochineal fa waier of ammonia, then immerse thethempieces therein,minuhaving. proously sonked for afew ler very slightly atdulaied with 1086, redFinecolor Redmay Dye for Ivory. A beautiful be imparted to ror thus: ‘Take in4 960parts,parteby. balisg weight, ‘water; pierca0, aid, and dissolve ater 8 partscrystallized Tiguld aspmonio. Dis folve colin, algo 2 parte fuchsino (mm Beata) 49 partsand alcohol, S75 arts hotin water, next add dilute. 50 partswithamamoe holution ia, Ae hessoon disappeared, aa the red colorof thomagenta the. two solutions freie paced mized intogether. Trory_and bone should ery weak ir or doch scical iid before wood being eannat immersedbo indyedthe Uyammonia thi He ‘quid ‘unleos it has een previously_painted ‘Over with pasto mado the emmoaiacal liquid from some our.” gelatine When solutionto bo-added, it may steelservo.pens.as a “Byred varying ink whichthe does not attack Proportions of tho naymagenta pierioa baie atid, The ints abtained be vasiedand fron red“opeastoa untrighttheorange-red Thoevaporated. colorado not monies (987.ion To DyeGF auiphate Ivory Blue. a weal of Tadigo.-Stecpitwhich bas nearly ofneutralized in beenolution Prosiay with igo. caltor A altartar, bet ter plan isto steop in tho dyer’ green indigo att or, insert the ivory 15 Wr20of acidminutes fn dilated muriatic acid (3forounco for pound of water, buving the tasto of a. good Yiuegar), water rans fer tho ivoryand intofroma thisucidulated wore or less concentented solution’ ofindige-carmine. (Solubl0. indigo), Sud keep it in tbat solution uatil the has assuined a uniform Uluo color; then ivory ary and polish,

1868. Ivory Purple, 8 ina"and we ‘Tothen fourDyeexposehh oid tothe light Or Soak’ tho ivory in a'solution of al ammoniad Into{oeb. 4 Gimeno welghtIvory of oun bidDinsivo “To Dye Green, ondgns ta vnggor sul teap tho pecs Trory, Alabaster, &c, The Titrefa for aber tine observing to tee 4 ag receipts relate to tho manipn: flat or stoneware ves | or in ahition of ihorn,ion tortois-thell, of ivory, bone, pearl, alabaster, meerechauta, Sergi 9 prt and sl annoontae, 1 pr, and marble Toft fater;"en, aye pupors, tho rorya byfartthe wigsi, Fo Coloror Dyotvory oF Bono, {Rit rece Fit dad then ‘uh rogard to dyeing iery, 1 apapin geo: Ine woluton of pen Wao, prose for eral ebserved, that thopolishod éolore‘penottato lemon dolor. ivory(Seo NorYellow.” ISL.) Step betterbo before th surfaces than ater. iBeark Dye To’ 1900, wanle, spots appear, Troytod aferwerds a th ofn'aSeutal chromate of Ta, bo “Bhouldclered anyup bydark bling them’ the wil tag Pash balling elation chalk; aflerto whichproducothetvory ehould bo dyedof Tota offend ‘onca noro, ‘perfect uniformity ala inoan lo p th edpacethenfor ake24 hours thado. Oa taking it out of the boiling hot tion‘Or: ot eugatof the Gye bath, it shouldto prevent be plunged immediately tron ofGyGolaan inmerso thom in avalon ro Into cold'water, tho. chanca of fix Taio sures tho heat. methodsIvory may th bet ae orpinent muchor ofbtapor be dyedbaiogby caused any of thoby ordinary an sa ‘OrswaterDlscve'a of anion wil ployed for woulens, after being freed from dirt {xerup din steyp tho pioom herela frame od greaso; bat more quickly asfllowe: Houra sty, tao thom ove and dry them,

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dak nto immerse puro wate, OTFandthe In Darel seal Supe ones seed there kept ee res neaera ane the a isan comatning efor fcahjests usouneee pdrochlorie seid aafutedbg yer or pore ety nk Gave c a S Toot AreeBom a bericr aceioe MT 31 33at OF Gang ce intake ony to e n i t ch at sore ded thssusquattfor ae rar deand ped So Hae ot orn Bron vorbe tory, and at waiey Bolla Soot powie ep whe oheoe wll in'8 maeano ofloss”bab ieOna wintber Booantae he utacae eer harng ate Ot, produce shorts e oml puieostan rss mae takosomo i cb rer , Dyored , Violet Ivory Dyo To 1992, ards a ab abd ane Sa 2 the ivory bite; onoF of place afterw and Up i hea thon aes pay ams boi in iathe ee tin, and soluti ed -aslut {igbly aberpa or een ac a ogwoot bath. e Dyes for Ivory. Any eseanir oP oh ethtae asloethblenny carn Auilin {{003. ala esis Gites oland porma: tentc ano colors hy give ofOr these 8 wth Golly nl Tt alg path tory wi 10k picefe function.Ivory Flexible, Tvory teSeta to vory "To Make 1904,

when shey sll Dye tara yellow, Lemon. ‘Ivoryacid inDark To 991.” atingacd omneo } perio ounce Diasolved fulphuvie strong o n c o Dilute} Water, tho aid pouriagtolvory by fasert lotthe water, Eouuce tr in water. into Fralally ropeated anruad i turn water, scidutated Ijin order ivory to aim'tho neldaidan to all pats,dy teHe Uo trons t h e ove bodlng andso frory Te inalgotho around, ded turn the nel, ‘Thon Ensee pietiv of Tation stationelaunll allhappartsrmaappear tho ir eavoit yon fhe ofsouppetewater act,noddry,Bnelyand levipole poluton rom thyivory with {Ehithe chall, After tho polishing tho ivory Eotod pasion ® permanent Miark leinov-yellom

become andtingedthe tho wayhear:Togwood nearest bones ‘Tho sme the ta Soonent tho bones of of gto extrecl plesons ‘Foung purple, or tings ‘Tho) of dustthe Bize ivory Jelly. "2008." shavings duct (ivory aharlagsfinIvory corformer, a ouutifl nzo or Joy when Toile‘2010,in waterArtificial Ivory for Photoalyof plat ge eefinely “palvereo ema, suphato FDaeytaRihing oc aliramen, vith gelatine aparprodie y o e h er and sets to singe Eenpre mg process Ivory, l The Bois, Actiseiat successfu imitation of

aust by Which the obtaiuod appears to consistchaju is ivory nuturul iudia-rabler or gatta-per ‘Aissolving elther passing the eblorine through yellow fn ehlorofor, has aequiced. Tight a folution aml ie well with alcohol, then tint, next washingpowder, sulphate of adding, ia Ene "oF lim, either ofnedLead,to sulphato sulphate Ysryte’ proportio quavsity in chalk or ‘alumina, ‘ho desired density: and tint, kneading well, fs aly subjecting to,heaty pres,a very

of this aking capable tongh product, sory polls barkably white. for Marking Ivory. Tigh wayepurposes in e obtainabl 2001. “Fluid peactcal For. Horn, BOL2, of allver,® paris; uittio ect, 1 ‘ake nitrate party water, 7 parts? mis, Fluid forIvory. ‘Tako ag ee ‘2002. Btohing egg gape acid and dilated muriatio ofeid,dilutea equal parts. Mis. sea mesege ea for 2Ivory. Varnishmnastio, 2003. Btching tears parts, ee RE of ele en {Wiute wax, 2 pars Mix. the 2004, To Etch on Ivory. Cover of bees! ivory to bo etchedthe withfigureathinyou coating pre‘wax, then tracethe war. Pour overdesireit a tostrong. thvough sent boiling in water. a thonSE Letit remain acl Solution of niteateof oftime,silver.then remove Ss it, with Sndivient lenges ‘The in wanm water.” iho wes, by be svashiag ivory. tho om lines dark i fet esign will Gild Ivory. Turmeree it in 2605. of ‘Tomitsoanuriota of gold, and then, solution yet dainp, expose it to hydrogen gas, a Pa a ytwhilesly fe afterwards fn clean water. ‘huothier

eneagravitylui hy(speci roneio edphospfilo fgSyipur acid hors ly losescold itsater,opacityad, or partial Gud i{totows,ofatod clean in When leather, stato ie (saaeposloxiDlos Miia,"gradua{n llythis hasten to dryresatts tn, resto Dar nion fh hot water,s by howera Yonte methodto followthoing Ivory .ed: Pho Put s audbo plianey define employ also Sray in 3 ounces nitric acid mixed with 15 soak water, In 3 ord days tho ivory willbe Suncos sot‘To95, To Dyo Ivory when Softened. gotten:as y when thus color dya ivor aeat, itidissolve,dosiredin tospirits of WhenWize, such to use.Cnged with,tho thospitscolon,of fagy‘ine bpis. doceed tty sulicion thodvory, and leave it there tlt Tung iyed tose"To Harden Tvory. ‘to bandon dy rwrap idir,Up deboon soflane irhas paper ivory7096,aflee it forwith 24 hanes, ene of white Tekdet by ie lay aod eal ted, Sropita il be vestored to i83 original hard Sioun Silver Ivory. Ivoryine:8 ivory2008,fi a To Ivory. h Bleac To ‘1997, silver, solution of nitratehas ofgiven weale with th iy bli ed ord Behe yrtenwrdeee solution it renincolorsGil thethen take ib out and im-ib es ‘ailoopTet vallow tonewhilst ndstill Wales,mois, and under pscees uo tho to mnpeevent dosceation ad the terseie in clear water, and espoze it in tho itshade, ing Pot Migins 3 of the ot. Tn ;about, ater to tho rays Fepeatd rRovtrs ing.s {0produen Geurenvo sf etuska; jet“observ butch calor blacks a the ivory onatyales elect ion for binels strbuee, lang rabbed, soon beeomow silver Urlian a to ‘iphe sShangol inst fons the fines of Lo Imei tion;30,or'b 2007.Sony Toormaments Clean Ivory,gat linOmaments, amas ihnkey althees Svar when ieslit proeess will be ooking, wank them el ha aonp ador dank aterad ‘with asl! ru, to leat i carving, found partially success. wet in fll susebaey with ftom, orelleday,'wet,eoveraltanesaday Face Room for’ fea ety sl aig the ith sy 1998, To Restore Yellow Ivory to its Original Whiteness. A’ thin finepaste pot, aid heated over a Move; ffthe ivory TuvaJs placed left tal mate, when 1 taken inoatthisdee,and and polished. 1989. To Bleach Articles made of Ivory. This pincos i recomended by Dr, Seats, The abjocts mado of this substan

tisSunesdet Chrbouadg plaol jotgaof unasition eontenton I in e p a c a l y oe 46 cnges this fad forwater2 daymAfterbaving thu ivory barn objectsteh aro well

g mote Bai EN aehoioe icra ene ae ch Heee e eeet aS beens cada aa ee ee e ee esac rary gps bead

wash thes aga, ai heyyeas wil bebe *

tifully white.

2008. Bone for Ornamental Pur0808 fa treated in w similar way to ivory,

mixing malder with thelr fond ‘Pho boucs

IRE

Sa oman

To Stain MiixHornan equal in Imitation of 2017, Tortoise-shell, quantity of ‘tuieltine and red Jead with song soup Leen,

THE SURVIVOR Vol.

446

1

lay it on the hom with a small rush in imc tution of the mottlo of tortoise-shell; when dry,repeat ib tivooF treo times. 2018. To Join or Weld Tortoise-shell or of pincers. Vrouiteso aas’ piirto veaclt orngs,Horn. constructed 4 inches Doyend tho nivel; Gren have the tortise-shell fied clean to.a lap-joint, carefully observing that ‘there isno grease about its wet tho ply the piacere hot, fole water, swith Foiut osring them with wales, and the shell wil be joited as itit were one piece. "Tho heat must as to tuen. the shell, thereforo great so bo hot tig ities om a pieco of white paper, ‘2019. To Polish ortoise-Shell perfector werk tho. soraped "Having Horn, Sinouth and love}, rub it with very ihe rand paper or Dutch woshes; repeat thefinelyrubbing of feltwithdipped water,is veryand, ustly, pow ith abit ered charcoal With Sotten-stono or putty-poseder; aud finish with f pleco of soft wash-leather, damped with a iatle sweet ol; or, ail bette, ute with subnitrate of bist hy the palin of tho hand is -Griental alabaster 2020. “Alabaster. semi-transucent pute, a of substance aafess, occasionally fovind variegated withshiteUn Gulating velus uf yellow, red and brown, ‘The common elabaiter, wually anet with i ‘ornaments do,is made of gypsum (plas prepared so as to imitate the gene Pars), and tine.” "The" following eeipta aro for tho gypsum imitation, and not tho real alabaster. GY sing any Of the hardening processes, ‘beautiful initations of marble nay bo prot aueo, Lue they zeguive great care atid shill. or Etch on tho 2081. To Engrave ol every to. partbo elehed, Cover Alabaster, tion urfieo, except those portions svith a solution of fart whito wax in 4 parts with alittle Guely of tarpontine, thickening cil inerso.tho east iuto powdered white 20 lead hours, ifagcording from to 60 wash Mater for desired. the cover. the effect wth ofl ‘Thon and beusb taxpentine, {ng over soltion earefully tho stobodof parts wth posedered gypsum (plaster of Parts). Tho etching is Produced hy the solvent action of the water a the ernst, Pxposo ‘2002, Wo Harden forAlabaster. hours from 12 1024 baker's ‘ho inpoished articles a equal to thet anof when fon Heat about from tho heat, from 2 eonto ‘oven; withdraw imierco then Zar tidorably cool, water. ‘The operation Smiuutes in pare river aull3 or4 days acceond timo, polishing ay bo ropestel them, before clapzo to allowed aro of alumwateriu water inay Vo ‘sreak solution the river abated for Dress of ParisDipwiththe Plaster To 2025, Imitation Alabaster, of in ‘Wax warmed, and sustho cast of model, previously: into. ves. or wirgsuitable silken eidin aay potided bya fine melted was, white jurest bo repeated. untilou fal. Phe operation should to rest, unabsorbed. ‘tho liquid waxof begin when theuntilarticle tho Inust surfuco bo placed theasideplaster, (suspended) the ost day, when it may to polished ‘with a ‘lean bedsh, None ‘but the hardest, pucest, dnd whitest wax will do for the above purpose, ‘That commoniy sobdistmixed with spermacct, stearin, or fallow, and not unfequently wth Sapanoso wax and potato starch. (Soo No. iste) 204, Yo Render Plaster Figures

arable, ‘lst dyfhorgh ty te plagfart Burin a wares etnaphere, e fet aust and envor it with tho eleatstHasead wares harita 18 plsehooeygeo ake dos,ue arid tod vie dy Seda at wainToo fo wes and ca be oskod Chat

2025, ‘To Harden Plaster. Mix up tho plaster of Paris with & weak solution of gsmjaabio (1 ounca to 1 at of ate} ot for commion purposes, a venk Solution af size, ‘Thisnot only renders the plaster barder, but gos tho surface « pletsing emoathiness ‘To Harden Imitation Alabastor2026, with Alum. Suspend tho article by n Fino Willen cord or wire. In'@ strong and por: fectly clear tolation of alnim, Jotting it rennin until tho alum crystallizes on tho surfkco; ‘then polish with a wot cloth, 2027. To Mako Hard Plaster of Paris, "Mix with weak alum water, instead

rk een SIS aes ee

see AG ies ea oy Color Alabster, tg,iat een asin eoi ine a de sepa ee As eee sol seas ae

DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

fuller’ cart, pipe clay,of of Urwhiting for 3or4and Notts, then’ Wh ven drey Hala, fit OrwachTake‘withpt“equate disted Walser pom anaves the Anes quai and nx it'up with Jive; Iebit stand for 8 hours, then dip ina {ange ul fuelotho alabaster ‘with ie"a wah wrth tue Tea wate, ‘eth becleandone Tite sags,fae Any Jind table Zing ta tho meguce 085.°"'ro “Bolish Blarblo,rb. With « pisses vor ite sanstono, the aad sab faa sit Rann ey snd water tl the mile next ase & cpufee ough, snd ot iu seratebes; appescs ‘Hono andonanr over;sand hen,il ts‘withsurfoce appears uy tne henge pnrdr aod pec of fell orathe old ntmara wrappedete Found a weigh rub el ir tho forme ness are e worked out, isandsafe apoeate witha comparativ loss on flee. Afterward fish ragethe posh with a6pollyUS powder and ine clean " As soon Kes appetrs ofun a tegoodrags,gloss,tl dorab nelit allan put an snore powder inva shor tino eBa i wil bea gs Guo pol,” Doe fey jawed by putiy powder; ‘both. belo long with Water,” _ 2680,” "fo ‘Dyo or Stain Marbl arb nay be all or dyed of arias ‘alors waficently by pols bthr solutions toligud tho stone Sado o t to make the fat simmor on the surfaee. Success in the ap Sci of Us «ilos routes coli Peviouee, y thelr elif uso maybe: 9 plosseg Btect, both of color aul grain, pres toad, "tha fllowing af. the "subtakers Stull employed forthe forpurpoen:Marble, Tc. 2087. Blue Stain too ofof tnigo. fotution of(SoeImus, ovat alutino ah tom No, i) 2038. “Brown Stain for Marble, ‘Tigoture of logwoad. (Seo No. 2006.) 2039. Crimson Stain for Marble, ‘Aol ofabane

banish

ai ecto I

Host off Ue'ton wth fl Pounded

Hist oanios. Riis peerwt.Benes Sepeiien oe Ata Sesge Re See” AGASate mac Pe, ate, Me ‘Articles Boal plaster of Paris nn solatcn su ae gucaalic ot sues el ee

coy mae

t root in ol of arpontne Cee Novae) 0, Flesh Color Stain for appted Marblo,06 War Goged with alkanot ron, and the enable not cuongh to melt ie eo No Stns) BOA. Colorputs Stain for yl Marble,a ‘Aanmunian ostre, andGold of equal of whit verdes al an) wine powder, cry ppl 2043, solution “Green or Siain for of Marble. Anor ating Lngtre cap green ‘wax stronglyit colored wenden ihe‘No, bas) ston bine, andwith then fellowsor nase (See ‘Tincture Marble, of 3048,” dragoita Reabivot,Stainfor alone toot or cocaine fo, S008)Yellow Stain for Maxbo. Gen"2014, gamboge, farmer or eaitoe ainolare Geese3," aofAcids Tnjuriou s toend Marble. Merblo beings eurbonbto of Hinoy the veo fbstanee tot s having n very peat albus favo shouldnd booraament taken s,in asthetables, deo of mantel, marlhe forsitere Slatoary, ote,marbleAcidsa of tie}ny should and ilnotmovebe aoe Howe aes lowed to touchto isaulthosornsighsTosoon the whieh poly elds fctind allowed aro inipaits lial ein ton dagtoo of Pru digutageeateee, aton ‘whieh Beauty. nega ot Le allowed’ toonsoF Insholf. Goniactley withshoulda mnrbleto ppod. able ae ss 2046. To Polish Meerschau ‘dust of raoorvetatin fs the best attilem, for ‘The this purpose.

THE

SURVIVOR

Vol.

447

i

2047, meerachass Artificialmay Moorschaum. _Artificial bo tide by nines, carbonate of maguesia fn for warm solution Eileato of soda ot potash somo tine, oewaleUy rctpitating fron a solution of epiots Ey means of tho sieates. ns. whichte tatio r, ncrus ‘Ppile ob ienginy arsctoon tia suojee, Pro Amertase ,”refered “Beientitho iesubstanc in‘ths gives agpoered ndlor ieeeFEha receipts,med,bs baviog Cliowing four the fon forthe practical by nded recomme Soon of preventing fncrustationsin bole: argon ips, Bark, 30,” Wood h C @., aa a Chtechty — tion, Incrusta , f o ‘ ive Provent ,ta and ,sawdon shavings ook bur utpall Togwood, mithogany Toot, la tohaerul Tari oe e threextractiv s allwitheootain subutance howe ther solnbe anociated wel, fenaioolori g matters, “When thoy are itz ful constituents into tho boiler, tho ,soluble tannate bade d o a to'waten by foSPucedipsiaclved a foseof as separaten which formed, s t eden the to adhere not docs and Seppe e toete,wea aretoo Tileaqueousto GePPodereb Its cevdus,preferabl Srtrech chipy, abe, fsa and evine he eck way getilomechasi Badal calyros ual tho es on,whiehtho oll cPiktaon otherwise fastaTm s r e tfomeclve e l h sides o of t b s, thequusaty‘pineof of theceo thosubstance Selocti mlEthesieacidngopetotoseu larget and soluile extractive ‘matte? (org UHtus said Towssto' ie om of thee sltane bo very elective, 4 pound ol Sutechu being. suficient fur 100 chbie feet efiveter.boca recomme Fie 6nded pousdy of power, oak chips oF b orca per ive inthe! maogany’ chips for every 10. Boret power. s Substances a2 281, Mucilaginous starch, hnseed brun, Potatoes, Preventives, Soa dori

Rigs aa Bios Se Err ee

eeeoiecastes umpatheigNetrate loeb eeeee ate arteroin eeea heed erable ae et garn t robe Sees ee SEN Ure) re Sno eae see Some waters boiler, ” h c u e into troduced

DICK'S

powder fa use, Profesor Chandler makew thelimos: following sbgeestiony abd bearing recommenda, Tmerastation powders, ty the names of thelr propristonsale genex tenaively advertised and atsold;tuchtheyextravagant ave either wordless of are aold. noesT have as tomako theirseveral ueo extremely i-advia Ed.‘which examined of them, ‘Thoseor azo at all valuable consst of ove Toro thoof onlytho novel substancen already mentioned, fdHye rome of their eo de he nay tes the commer alatin loa fiir article’ Ono which is pat ap in boxes, contains containingcarbonate about ofone lime,pound,6/3 parta at $2.00 ‘ich, of part. magnesia,Te differ D6? para, and oksome Sfofcarbonate irony 4.15 h rom t o composition, and iv fo the‘valuenerustato whatever,nain “Another contains log:of ‘wool, 75.00 parte; ehloride of aramonin, 15.00 dhapart; hore of asinmy 19°00the para ‘This very good nrile, but pica forlos mich f iasold se eannot be ced ju quanti e suticiont of tobata est, to beTa . proce,is toomuchexpensive fact cloride hed2355,fu this Tocountry at alAgainst TnerustaGuard tion in theBoilers, Professor Chuuler"Pao recom: Ineads folowing procaativns: usofaisof tho. purest waters that can bw obtained, Srater wherever possibl.-Pr useduover thebe oquent Tioweol cock. Phat tho bolle frupied wile Frequent thera wang dir euuugtesue to Exper harden Giodepont, fineats on of wooods,ebicucy hiveswate, fatbonate earbouateof ae,of bart, chr

econ, frby and prepared diamondsedand geun:mock Thedimond, {hecotur later aro ga former,” ywe tarsttn By thes aicou mode. tee a ston Hoseby placing a yellow fl under m grea. ‘Teas’ blue, oF 8 ‘uch on onthe thoeins tums astod mesh ftone tinttarag shove the l l Keeewrt bo Waghtene By thoexii toe of geod fomtnitatons fenisss, nae fhe'blbowmaying Btheapy tittoeope tana appbed to pase ondpustywen (ebktons urhire feaebit“set”e underglass fils

sont of tiragrctn tho Water to ASe eeegreet

2401,i Groen Poll, alyand tinged sala degreen wolfed aleobol (lacquer), ty dlasolving verde or acetate ofof copper in 1Vichromate Ore Seaquiferoeyanuret rom and ofsinopotasea, of esch toa§ ounce; grind them with and muller fae pow der, ‘odd gum mastich (clean and also in Sue pow” dor) 2 spint, ounces;and griod aga, addunta litle pyfoul again grt the wet Becomeseng,homogeneous andreac of fino wihteanepha Feat te beam jagth bichromete of ho grinding. Theon predominaace of theBreen; tums it the yellowish thatFor of usethe iteltie ofto foo,be’ onthiaged dhe bul Hreen; Witt Hpresie eps hit ose fo emerald, ay be brightened by adding a itl yellow vara, ollow Foil, by Vacou shies oSlcdholc f (ABS, yellow may bo produced Unging « weakby solution’ of shells or mastic, Aigesting turmeric, annotto, eocent oFight “The fmmearon, therein’ lds tee fitand most ft for toposes, Or: Digest ha fattron in 8 or O times itabecomes weight eufieenty of ‘boiling Water, Unt the latter alored; filter, "When and adddry, lite olution of of pit gun or‘arn ial.should a coating be eppld ‘D468, ed oll.of Carmine diolvedof eleia apf i arr wen colton ‘Tatar, and um added a above

of ammonium, womo substance coutaining ani acid, linseed meal, aud. tbo electeu agnetie induetor.

a

substances, om the object tothatthese ate lable co cause frothing. they organi (round Preventus er Matt 2992, Baccharine molasses, potato oF com Suga, ives. symp, Both cata and. "foape. sugar form

si al ax airs th separation 2B iycompos thelr proveat Scquer -Obe eng neer futul tbat 10 pounds une. for two is bier engar protected of brcwn auotlrs of corm starch pounds Another 6effet, tbat fhonthey eizilar teucing & elausedat Syrup hud-awith success, oldmees tino. as coPreventSubstanc prevent whaleata esoiltime. usedgallons writer ives.2598, One Fatty “Others %'8 ns, erttatio with_various boiler tho isidc-of the fipenr Stearic,bas of a fatty ebaracier. Iistures charcoalwithand souptar, and with wood ase,or tallow, thixed ioen recommended, with olor tae) oF tallow and Charevel diluted plan could not well beepplied This frapkite,. (2"8 boiler with its wumerous utes, locomotive even though pre elective ingylinder boilers 3 sbould. station incruntaton “Anti-Incru Powders, gariing. fc,2994.for Bollore,Re

ENCYCLOPEDIA

apm cleans is

old

1Oi1s, leaves orof pastes, polishedto ‘metal, putThesounderaro stones Tieighten. the ‘olfact. Foils werw formes made of copper, tinned copper, tin, and i Yered but the latter is used fot stiperior ‘work copper, at the prevent day. There ato tio Adoseriptions of foils employed, viz white, for

Bre Sona tbat bo reduced tothe these, sae male by potent nt gating thoushades thie Veawtifal aud tenspare n, Precautiobe formeds ‘The palece aud. cleanest EiSuot

tnden ch palstaa anduo quickest dice aebol, g n Uelong i g r d ll abou s bo ‘employed, when hese eubstance mast tho colors trordered. ta a fisererybacate bron brash, of BOR be" perry oporatons uoshoudpat eboald tha th’ cFonen‘b pote bo ered, Beale erasotee mata wet hi 8 Foi, domison or pate Sas, Waite r e h in‘mote p t Up conga o i of c w jptho Hating Ay tlonlag pee‘ho ee a fol a thes highly Pulled ot ‘Colored rated oll, howe aro made BE0, ingfoil, highly polished, by ovloriag thelseanpa precedrent iThe filowing: cteeria produce ladons orcolored rnsbenef beast” ge eoerel, fe20,""BiughenFol ground with pel, quiet dying o“Phit l, Uaed enve Soopen the color’ of sapphires. Tt may be. diluted

2454. Garnet Foil.” Dragon's, Vlood iagolved in rected spirit of wine. (See No 2449.) 2408, Vinegar Garnet Foil. Whito

foil (eetempored No, Duy withvaraished withvarnish,orange lake finely shellac 2808, Lake andol. ragsian blue,"Amethyst ground feinFoilpalodeying Dior, in sbellse a gle Marine Foi “Yerigas tempered varnish (sleabolie), with oriktlo. Prussian b l u e With thie varnish ‘white fil. (Seo No. 2449.)

Vol.

1

2458, in Ruby Foil, Or: Lake‘Lake ot ground carmine,ik round ianglass Sellsthe varish’ Used Bight when thoJake ellorroundtareta fnied purple. Ors (ho seatto orwhiten. orange” when(See ‘BitertheNo. color of2440.) teasfur'onao. applied ‘i Dis2480," To ‘Make an Imitation Briliants snoCoverer thopasteimideie ogof raorein whichstbe spond thote socket at oFwithite:tin wha flyby deyenapolishof thehowariace, alt fam feat ekevest aocken fil minute, ie wit arm quickalver, Whieh pout ater or3 for® Jevit wel lastly, teoney toe Stim gently and ‘tout prevent 10 stone, tho round Work the tlove outs Of: Coat the shaken thofotwomlorof being tho sane with a im ofof tion real alee, ltats the asola fom Drpreipitating offs of the of ammonia (Seeby means Jnfamainteanof cloves, Lass.) Sruvaaix Hoth chen facttious nagems.the baie real endvastiyfncre both of‘methods liney reservation ofwtichLeather. Tao extreme Beat to moatdanng mei ndSrinterwomen expote boots and shoes eather ofanda vitality, reader: IngTeterit daprivas Uable t o : break crack. Patent pasts i an dvtoyed awarmtit annex. When l e a t h o r becomes wo Sto giveNextoff to thotho amoll of esused leather, by eitfre Hiagod.” singoing fait thoof beat and dacrpnet causedtocby thede. coreg ebb Glee rabig ‘roy tho sbaru trongth inof waren leather.wator‘Theat practicewi oftoapsrasing is very daamrging."Sang, Ifa coutthe ofdane oils puti fccfomedinny pared, "No wilharness is ever co soled Ut @ {inp apoage aot romove thasalvar drt; but rete So tpong applied Sinful toad a ight cont of oll andby those of another sponge. Ail varnishes al Uack Exgcontaning tbo properun oftadolent varnish healers shoul oiled. Ygoorant aud roBena "aptas wil to nao ich subatances on theeeect, bar givo tho most. mmediato sdRactive thoes,tothe as 8 lester general thing, ave most 3006,” When To ostore the. itsTustro of Leather, baruots lose lustre and ‘ame which alimost anyaf, Teather wil doSioaldaferbrows, long exposure to the the bamess be giventhis prabewik, cout ofhe gaiaarin,Diack Eire Sho ftom washed wavthe ter‘polation unshoalal ofthebo tuewellgraggrata is black, Eile,withffatlpotash afer aad‘Thistallow ould be applied to the surface, willthe fot.itatherouly”fagien tho color, but make ‘exible. with‘Haraesn, antinebo clean Kerosenewhich crapintsis grained of tur 3087. To Restore Softness ‘To2whion restorehas thoDecomesoftshard andby having plancyto Leather. of leather been wet,oil iyoodmeatseabatitoe foot oll forand neat uly tia.ook olCastor for aotBut Toathor belts, boots and haraesa,. ul forbetabaruons, is 1 sal quart3 tableneatspoonfoot fl,fats ounces tallow, sd 4 otnees bees! wax for San'3008.. inampiack; stmorTo Hastore eather. the Lustro of Mo-by rooco. "The late! Morocco i retored Svumisbing with thowbitoof anegg.-Appy oe riba ‘2080,taliow, 'fo4' Make Boots Waterproof, Beat ounces; resin, 1 ounces bes! fwar, Tousen; melt together, “Add, when ld, « quantity of ea’ foot oil eqaal tothe

'K"S ENCYCLOPEDIA

2FS 3

THE SURVIVOR

sas AyADDY wincesidan.pscemia Hs ietos Bas eeprepara uthiera omeeel are ig poked ei on a eaeoaae pep eeeoe derecanars sec telpe ae esaeeeihe Fe tt Ee ncng ah eefta epee od ep pee s peaeseae ce re ema ioni c Py ascle Watenigns. spe Separae bee niacin ge an eea Seite tates i nt seb ar tian ato ite ne gu bet Sieh Sr tre ue ists ona ean eet aoa Ts sericea ain) a ale Nea iene SC a aes foes i.tenae Me Merete Ne rena hs et peor catty Che Hatta aSpree oe Gem: claomel Sas a wert Se sia Bite e Reece Pes Sareea eta rw Le rine eit roe Br nor aan, e eaate ote dd raed eat oad a ene Se eas Ne ag compan : a putea iin sek and never cracking,

I have tried bees was

ae a a cen ae SF See ee eelee ot a ee poe tearm Eecarsui epics ad seeat ee sona Soe ga ie Ib emo ya at a te Sain cilflere ere wer a age Surg ete bo a eee ii ed n ese

‘Totho Smt Preserve and Clean Har nose,8074,2 2In coats place, abject the harness (as tho otieather may saat need)of Insptacy apdit castor ward Tesdly, leather aoapand, the warm make about penetrato iy‘Phento make 2 quarts of fnd with a spongewithwasha mirtare tho harness, "Whes taleto and oll of over it rab diy, fom, equal part, with eadltentIazpblack voit colo on, whatnow fe andbetter,rth Prasian tue, Slo vs lok, Thaad Yompoutd s h o u l d bu epplied sparingly whieh ean bo quickly ‘todell wilrubbed leave to, o'emooth and cleat surfacedono

3076. toy fobo Clean, Leather, Uncaared loothor cleaned by applying solationin ofannoxalioates,acid wilh a apouge. Disslee 3077. o (FB Tako Oil AD Outagin,of Loather. Use tong wane, whiekwiftake o i l ost without i n j r y Umosto thein Teathes. Te-must bo used 2 or 3 onder to Mand got it allntloutsmorePlsvtcomes ca tan It theap featier out, end By Wout ain andoie noti nurethonthe feathes tog at wl 3078, Dubbing for Leather, with Mix 21 tow pound 1 ely ack, pounds Fallon tain of ‘S079. 3 Jet forof Hamess and Boots, Dissolve ‘eke the boot black gealngin's ‘war in } plot spite of wine; beep Fist wel prevings ‘Kppliodbotior with anda softshateepooge. This Rivesto usetho Joathor w erack fine black sface, which, however, to more olan. 098. “Bhowmalers” Back. A wa. ion of green copperas (sulphate of t00)Teeih Shoat 1S tines its weightvin water {aod tobarklackor other leatherastringent wich basmater been tanned drt and orto Gho edges of the sles ete, witha feather brn, ‘S061, by Harness Liquidglo Blacking. Ditlve Rett 4 onatel or gaatfs nd caucus gum arabic in # fiat water; add ‘ounces molasses an § ounes ivory biselein ‘ory finecobaitenco powder; gently evaporate antlall ofthe 2 Proper wien cold tring corked hot Bing3092. Koepin"Harness Waterproot Paato

mtg ae Reestaatoat ons ae Sel ler Iixpblack, kader {ounce indigo th ue eae rch a pow ee one pike, itreati St creor, onmoe ee t aerd hase fine and 1'exacoi copal varaiah; s mix welltoie Soo re e Sk ice ere ne goin Hanne bore sec tor sue prond re garfaoe a verySE lithe of tho blacking evealy ohfem. of tho feather, and path by Peca es aay i An ee

form into cakes whilst warm,

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DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

449

1

F gui ng eqnpase nbelay Shc aed iitim,tv by diuting! be-eone Remay alty, Hatinntasinegu blarking guid l nto Norte Tun eadhutles iyiterthe mgsidients

‘flighid

yl ee ste, a ame; eu wh tscteras ico the Kl Bacingof tho The entities vane. ab T tig lon btswf atvong noes ed acl Backing. Paste. Bilant | "R008, F . : oka, posndy; # bck, Teor oil wn oil of vibtiolof euch &L pein: Receipts neous iscella pond; olive enn tean nln Gcecrra Deore, ax , r e t a w sulieent in ayy gropesly e h t Sin ub “"SOBB, “Fino Paste Blacking. TrorsAlvision wf the work; ewibracing also.a feve

fer tow much lacking must be reduced ns i this be powder thin for paste bincking. button, settle aguathe though tworit willdited Bot tionded earth diheuy Und who o-not the liquid, |For these persons containing sil of Tike the thetise fieof ofMucking the forms giver below, Miri, bu adapted, fither’fur paste or Higuid, may conteibutes to The vitrol, however, ereatly

yrner hwnlings their Skeleton classificationTo wuler SOB. Fineet; common mnolases, 2, 6168. Leavesby Prepare Twory-black, may what destroy bo s i e n i v in whjvet ‘The of bottoms,” vinegar ets. linseed called tho fleshy part af the Yeoh, ns well as gallanas off ilnnd of itso, 23 pemads; each The ribs or thoveing.simplest the skin, leaving atiaad theprobably, ne before, silficient water, mix nicest, mrt Ivory» SOB7. Oi Paste Blacking, ounces; snake the leaves Fatjn Tain this, 3 ‘noetor decomposes way’ to dev they dor black, 2 pounds; ,molasses, this HL weer oumees B ofl, tanners? ences; 2 vite} of cil wn collect they use 4 ounees —prps:e, when the fa leaves (iC this eanuotbe oblained, then sth ho placed aa earthenware pan a

18 ounens cnouiehous Liged’Blacklog’ hot Liquid, Black inate D pounds ot

percha, ent in amall pieces, aro then smelted, fl when uid,2 omncer olive wilareatle sean, hsl,

Blacking, Shoe Bag Biotoe and ene a owt Nquld Hecke are tho fang, theo

molasses, 21” @ pounds; blacking, black, 23 pounds; pasteuee blacking will prod l, ail of wteoPpennils; Leardy oil common wed. de observe be s huwover nase, ning One befire that fs that the iswry-black used for Hguid stficiont water, fs Oil Paste Blacking,

merits a pts, wher —addiional general vevvi fae! tise hier obtabned to lat To

Mix the host tallow); gum-arabie,andL ounce, of sothe higck. properties ienot he siuuingquatGtter promute insanall let it stand 24 ijurous oll and vitriol together, Rigand of warn enim ino cupfid tho 34tablesspoont ours; dissolve represented latsely been tas ns leather tofine yest of &e, uls add Chon waters tg f a e w g i T the to ivory-blaek, nites taal tit whullycontained oy the h t e v mix and Tt heat vinegar amd the in Flospntepartly neuteatiteds ‘Ths the nanan —aut-then ald the Ivury-black, molasses, and Weide White8098.of 2 exes bohaseemplayed why Tatuphiuekar it shund Real Japan Paste Blacking, tach has nei,na neverearthy Tirlinehing, counee 4 onitees fenre Mok,acid, @ 1 anaes won! then Takeo ethe to the which Env ornedtiniv un Chur. sulpiurie leather. Olof sugar, Pounce drove very hurtful ecko, aipsonfl Fen, aed, ot emanate Vii aompleved feory> tho mix isk vinegar. plat T ' and biaekings shiutig. celetaated AU the went ofwhite femon the then together, ail sweel al blnek quan ito emer of addition The to qualify the and sugar, with aadHitt cho vinegar to hlackingenistaythos aati shar utiles ted arabieyand a mee supe thon ation 8 iheyertck Pigeons together, avell all theme nis ute Meaetls ake o t a ther the acl< prevent vitae, an oil, , r a z w s Tho , Ivory-Mack Blacking. 3087.powder“LiquidT pound; to the add and Weather, the injuring’ from ses, pnd? F aneto infine ot theo hacking, 2 onuced; beer and vinegar, ccaeh Ingtr ail, et swe Paste d PatentDlacking, ntan fine three inti tha "3090, Brya Thint. Rubtogetier tr paste “Th muakingJames’ y killed, thethen wad the heerand Blacking. allte’pertectl the patraivos prescribe tho same quantity andof ing of ivory-black, mottesrs, the Ivey Indiwenhber Blacking. Liquid Fine ‘S688, lacking, vines ia thee fiji Te ponte as gusmaralse sweet Eps; lvekan inoliwess Utof each exch pond, kee Giland oll ot vith gag, then"Thesegesnd Cogether inaJab acdtvnen, add and thew gimduaily the list threeataetas befures they. of seth thee Sex forweighthowe, form a pertetly sunt pate.” o nal thisGl paste, the Wntol well itxtaul let nd Mavers ie bo felled adit in to bo powerfid silghuric.‘ea acktime,are with. 12 pounls tia pruper comet’ inal femay Nihon qttantities fone with water oF nou Neer after hone fnlror 4heen is ofto thebo contianel which stirring, Ivory. Blacking, Jet Liquid ‘3080. hax acid portion 1a the of wt ped; f cache af widases ahd lack wee in 7 days oll, 2 ounces; sour deed,‘S100, HealyNew.for Blacking, tral, 1 ounce, savect ‘the lustrous Teer, 1 punts tise as lst recep derived feéyuently e v a biaking of qualities TvoryBlacking. odLiquid '3000."Go deloterions amust re whieh tialivats um meet pone, 6 tadlassen pounds; uneiey lo leather. Mere Arius pekinds auiieient ante dustenetive CHET poubals ail of vette} soveralits fornia,which and weclaims pultishes a new Svaters finish ns in No, BSS. add may to , t i for ivantagos Backing,cet; Ivery-black, ‘S081. erade"Tiguid. cheapness an accossitiity, or A pounds5 Hine of molanenD Bent; ivmy-black, Yogetabla Mack, TH.and pounds 30 pounds; suffeient pits 3 gallons; oll of'vitrial, 5 pounds glyecrin, inolneses, ‘wher to finish asin No, Sts 2002, Bryant aad James’ Patent Inixol thoroughly tagother, 6 annces atta

Wooden tub, Rept overt with Tnrainwater about & ail alluwedthetoy. stan inshoul thebe sun,examine, ane if time eck oecada, founed pulpy for whichasinprowesswil sone a skeloninine, rash tater en ella Camille th (a tooth-bridh, for jnstance),get wil,Batbe Toyirels | Whe all proparad leaf onto wean atad wil thoae soft. malWish ok when tho ekin of ore, water, ihe and guy asin of elean om eile ie completely reamored revs th cant 4 the. water, anda slipneib une the eal a hoon removeth xin, whew he fleshy par — histo iI mos Fey conn with ts, bat if tt part waler,stl TE thee in thoalter wash out ned ell really of tho greenceuto sot renmaye ts ofthenuw enulearor ( the theskeleton, Int tayif that sof Brush; With nse. reat care Ava the haw eave wise bo bavakng the see Will bo necessary to avuil used nly hoont che had ual Lon. divectionstud(a sortoeof byl porpetuicntar inn avnl as any horigntalsoe breaktiontho ekeleton, wetion will intalibty yephe) or th Never attempt to touch the. leaves when fingers tho with state this in skeleton ‘are soft thea own wg will oem heak " Wellsgrawn leaves eluuld always Uhein. fo thes elostn, and be thoronghhyLeaves exaniye much before” sutking. hi sketetnzedentaining by this proves, tannin eannot placed-hn a x eatwithaway’a ninthe butte generallyworms, whieh ber of ealis when the xkeletons an be fleshy parts, methodnetpivenwe inpacedthe jnnexta by’ dhe Teaves bleached Wolly receipt. vir epies separats. vessel, on aeconnt of ther I apt tw damage and aeJeaven which wonldheanttnl skeletons, naka

© peundsts tobe obo! lise te, nll sceee epee tar gepad ney3 d log with"cioudy prand sada BeeE sle sae, a igrolaytil atheEaloss tobe Ben mixpaint-mill ins triturated finely hie To, smooth perfectly becomes ture ees Fad er ee Tow ntdedin stall Succouive. quanbi,

with powerful stirring for half au hour; at of which time 3 pounds of finely: ferowid guin-acabic are added; after whieh

the end

the stivsing is repeated hall an hour every Mek Lidiaor loggne lay Sag i Borremy ts wlio Che iid “Past Blacking, svi wil, 21 TY pankids; Moloses, ont:$005 ivoryeiacks

(Soe

6170.) "To Bleach, Skeleton hoves sulea Leaves.

Nt. "6169,

wa of leg Age as 2 , ntsomidquay cori ofod lin slaionalone of oli, prepara sired nef qulo ot, nao itary,ai Wen't nab BMG} af hey {oe n sent cear YO cues the otheth Coing wich shelelogs gdmypotebo pefabs five cements wale suit Somaallel deleodi tune the stock;

for vse,

it should bediluted with

eard.

Tt is as well to bare halt

a dezen

aii of warm wales , all tse MAMAN MaRS

ready to bleach nb onev, as they reqnice watehe

tive fanwns “Day jnaki stiteof Rone-black in a ing” ixas follows: powder, is wiixed) with spesm off wtih Ge

all ordinary

gut tries cite ny

scr Duaul teMartia’'snecinl

ae oe2 aul4 horeSy nae tonetto ples, Car Prom ul wil tong ot Will generally suffice Lo beach the skeletonof black»

bwo-are thoroaghly incorpureloll. osm xall Sugarortonar ise Ht mugeses MEvill.vinegarextanid sled,added. and.to Ueshenmass,all effercex"OWL ul cence has cease, mvs Winewsr i ponredhy

after which they shoul

Ne washed. fn several changes of water, and

Aer tho fisally left in clean water for bo bean wuicintly washed gHehour, sll eae d floated: ont card e anil d ay quel: to artage” care. beinflat, taken posto, as possethe nul as near sEointon perfectly

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SURVIVOR Vol.

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to tho natural shape. ‘This enn he dane with tho assitaneo of the eoft brush. When dry tho skeleton shonld bo perfectly whitey ant mag bo mounted an dark. bickzronnds, Dinek velvet ar pape (S77 Nic G51) ws 170. Quick Method Skeleton Leaves,