Glossary of Basic Archival and Library Conservation Terms: English with Equivalents in Spanish, German, Italian, French and Russian [Reprint 2010 ed.] 9783110976953, 9783598202766

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INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON ARCHIVES

CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES ARCHIVES

ICA Handbooks Series Volume 4

Glossary of Basic Archival and Library Conservation Terms English with Equivalents in Spanish German, Italian, French and Russian

Edited by Carmen Crespo Nogueira Compiled by the Committee on Conservation and Restoration, International Council on Archives

K-G-Saur München · New York · London · Paris 1988

CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Glossary of basic archival and library conservation terms : English with equivalents in Spanish, German, Italian, French, and Russian / comp. by the Committee on Conservation and Restoration, Internat. Council on Archives. Ed. by Carmen Crespo Nogueira. - München ; New York ; London ; Paris : Saur, 1988 (1CA handbooks series : Vol. 4) ISBN 3-598-20276-8 NE: Crespo Nogueira, Carmen [Hrsg.] : International Council on Archives / Committee on Conservation and Restoration; International Council on Archives: ICA handbooks series

Copyright 1988 by K.G. Säur Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München (A member of the international Butterworths Group, London) Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher. Photocomposition by Fotosatz Herbert Buck, 8300 Kumhausen Printed by Strauß Offsetdruck, 6945 Hirschberg 2 ISBN 3-598-20276-8

Contents

Introduction References Glossary

7 9 11

S Indice Alfabetico 125 G Alphabetisches Register I Indice Alfabetico F Index Alphabetique R

ΑΛΦΑΒΗΤΗΗΠ VKASATHJIB

129

135 139 143

Introduction This Glossary is a first attempt to fill what has been perceived by the Conservation and Restoration Committee of the International Council on Archives as a serious gap in the range of publications available to archivists, librarians and conservators on the all-important subject of archive and library conservation. The main body of the Glossary consists of alphabetically arranged and numbered headwords and definitions in English followed by translations of the headwords into Spanish, German, Italian, French, and Russian languages. Each language has its own alphabetical index at the end of the Glossary numbered to correspond to the appropriate headword. All members of the Committee, together with a few of their Corresponding Member colleagues, have contributed to the production of this Glossary. We have also relied on the invaluable collaboration of the distinguished library institutions affiliated with IFLA. They have contributed not only to the incorporation of translated terms, but to the rectification or clarification of the meaning of others. This is proof of the common interests shared by archives and libraries in the field of conservation, and also reflects the joint policy view of that field which 1C A and IFLA have developed during the past years. This Glossary is an example. The forced restriction of the terms appearing in a basic glossary such as this requires selection criteria which, in many cases, may not be shared by all. Nevertheless, the Committee hopes the Glossary will be of service to anyone wishing to interpret and properly understand the conservation literature published in a language different from that of the user, that it will assist in the exchange of accurate information on conservation subjects between colleagues of differing nationalities, and that it will be a point of departure for glossaries of greater scope. Carmen Crespo Nogueira Chairwoman, Committee on Conservation and Restoration

References We mention only the dictionaries and glossaries used to select and define, when required, the English terms listed in the Glossary. On the other hand, we have not mentioned those references used for the translation of the terms into the different languages used. We wish to highlight the published work of M.T. Roberts and D. Etherington, cited below, which we used to obtain various definitions, at times taken literally, because of the superbly clear manner in which they are written.

Clason, W.E. Elsevier's Dictionary of Library Science, Information, and Documentation. Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976. Harrod, L.M. The Librarian's Glossary and Reference Book. London, 1977. Labarre, E. J. Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper Making. Amsterdam, Swet and Zeitlander, 1952. Roberts, M.T. and Etherington, D. Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology. Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, 1962.

Abrasion Paper

001

001

Abrasion Paper

Abrasives, e.g., pumice, silicon carbide, corundum, etc., bonded to a paper or a cloth by means of a suitable adhesive for hand use. S —

Papel esmeril

G —

Schmirgelpapier

I -

Carta abrasiva

F —

Papier emeri (d'emeri), toile emeri (d'emeri), papier de verre

R —

Eyuara a paaHBHaa, HaxflauHaH, ΠΙΛΜΦΟΒΘΛΒΗΘΗ

002

Accelerated Aging

Induced aging under laboratory conditions by hastening chemical activity by high temperature and/or high humidity/exposure to light in order to determine their relationships with natural aging. S -

Envejecimiento acelerado

G —

Alterung, beschleunigte (k nstliche A.)

I —

Invecchiamento accelerate

F —

Vieillissement accelere

R -

CTapeHMe ncicyccTBeHHoe, ycKopeHHoe

003

Acid Deterioration

Weakening of paper structure by an acid through hydrolysis, resulting in a division of the structural chains in cellulose causing a reduction in the degree of polymerization (length of structural chains) and bringing about a drop in paper strength. S —

Deterioro por acidez

G -

Sch digung durch S ure (S ureschaden)

I -

Deterioramento da acido

F -

Deterioration par acides

R -

ΠΟΒρβΑΛβΗΜΘ ΚΗΟΛΟΤΟϋ

11

004

Acid Free Paper

004

Acid Free Paper

Paper made of either rag or chemical wood fibers or a mixture of both and treated with compounds which result in pH levels which are neutral or somewhat alkaline. 5 —

Papel sin acidez

G —

Papier, säurefreies

I -

Carta esente da acido

F —

Papier non acide, papier neutre

R —

Byuara

005

Acid Migration

The transfer of acid from an acid material to one of less acidity when the two are stored in contact with one another. S —

Acidez por contagio

G —

Säurewanderung

I —

Trasferimento di acido

F —

Acidification par contact, migration d'acide

R —

MwrpauMH KMCJIOTHOCTK

006

Acidity

A condition in which the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution exceeds that of hydroxyl ions as determined by the pH value. S -

Acidez

G —

Säure, Säuregehalt

I —

Aciditä

F -

Acidite

R —

KüCJIOTHOCTb

12

Air Drying

007

Oil

Adhesive

Any substance that is capable of bonding materials to each other by chemical or mechanical action or both. The substance can be organic or inorganic, synthetic or natural. S —

Adhesivo

G -

Klebstoff

I —

Adesivo

F -

Adhesif

R —

008

Adhesive Binding

See Perfect Binding

009

Adhesive Tape

See Pressure Sensitive Tape

010

Aging

The natural degradation of paper, leather, adhesives, and other archival materials while in storage. Aging is influenced by the environment in which such materials are stored and also by the quality of the respective materials. S —

Envejecimiento

G -

Alterung (nat rliche Alterung)

I —

Invecchiamento

F —

Vieillissement

R -

ΟτβρβΗΜβ

011

Air Drying

The drying of moist paper in a current of air at room or elevated temperatures, as distinguished from drying by contact with heat. Air drying reduces stresses imposed on paper while drying.

13

012

Alkaline Reserve

S -

Oreo

G —

Lufttrocknung

I —

Areazione

F -

Sechage par ventilation

R -

CymKB

012

Alkaline Reserve

The amount of alkaline precipitates which form on deacidified paper on exposure to air. A reserve of two or three percent of precipitates is considered a reasonable level for permanence. S —

Reserva alcalina

G —

Reserve, alkalische

I —

Residue alcalino

F —

Reserve alcaline

R -

3anac

013

All Along Sewing (All Across, All on)

In bookbinding by hand, a method of sewing a book by passing the thread in and out and over the cords or tapes along the whole length of the inside fold of each section. S -

Cosido a la espanola, cosido continue

G —

Durchausheftung, Durchausheften

I —

Cucitura a pieni punti, cucitura fine

F -

Couture a la main

R -

IflMTbe ΗΘ mnypax c ΟΟΠΙΗΒΚΟΑ

014

All Rag Paper

See Rag Paper

14

Aquarelle

015

019

Alum/Rosin Size

The use of aluminum sulphate or potassium aluminum sulphate in a chemical reaction with rosin that precipitates insoluble aluminum resinate onto paper to size the fibers and make them less absorbent to ink. S G I F

— — —

Apresto de colofonia y alumbre Harzleimung (mit Aluminiumsulfat/Alaun) Appretto Encollage du papier Γ aide d'alun et de resinate d'alumine

R -

npoKJiefiica ΚΘΗΜΦΟΛΜΪΘΗ

016

Alum-Tawed Skin

See Tanning 017

Animal Glue

See Glue 018

Antichlor

A substance used in removing the remaining traces of free chlorine or hypochlorite not removed from a paper pulp by washing. S —

Anticloro

G -

Antichlor

I —

Anticloro

F —

Antichlore

R -

ΑΗΤΚΧΛΟΡ

019

Aquarelle

See Water color

15

020

Aquatint

020

Aquatint

Toned effects obtained in etching through a porous ground formed of some powdered resinous substance. S —

Aguatinta

G —

Aquatinta

I —

Acquatinta

F -

Aquatinte

R -

ΑΚΒΘΤΜΗΤΘ

021

Aqueous Deacidification

See Deacidification 022

Archival Quality

The quality ascribed to any documentary medium and its container possessing inherent properties enabling their indefinite preservation under controlled conditions. S -

Cualidad de archive

G —

Archivqualit t (alterungsbest ndiges Material)

I -

Qualit

F —

Qualite d'archivage

R -

Ka*iecTBO apxwBHoe, coxpaHHOCTb, ,ΗΟΛΓΟΒΘΙΗΟΟΤΒ

023

Artificial Leather

per archivio

See Imitation Leather

024

AWL

A small tool with a slender, tapering, sharp-pointed blade with which holes may be pierced. S G -

16

Punzon Ahle

Back Lining

I —

Punzone

F -

Ροίηςοη

R -

ΙΠΐΙΛΟ

025

Back

028

See Spine *

026

Back Cornering

In leather bookbinding, the cutting away of small triangular pieces of the head- and tail-edges of the boards of a book at the joints. The purpose is to relieve the strain on the joints of a book when the covers are opened. S —

Gracia

G —

Abschr gen der Deckelecken von Franzb nden am Falz

I —

Formazione del canaletto

F —

Encoche de coiffe

R -

BueuKa

027

Back Cover

The cover of the book which follows the endmost leaves. S —

Tapa posterior

G —

Deckel, hinterer

I -

Piatto posteriore

F — R -

Plat inferieur Κρωπκβ πβρβπΛβτβ

028

Back Lining

See Spine Back Lining

17

029

Backbone

029

Backbone

The edge of a book along which the leaves or sections are bound together. However, the same word is sometimes used to describe the outer cover which covers the back of the book. S —

Lomo

G -

R cken (Buchr cken)

I -

Dorso

F -

Dos

R -

KopemoK

030

Backing

1 . The shaping of the back of a book and forming of a joint on each side of the book to form shoulders for boards. 2. The application of a material to the whole area of one side of a document to reinforce or consolidate it. S —

Sacar cajos (1), Reforzamiento (2)

G -

Abpressen (1), Aufziehen (2)

I

Indorsatura

—

F -

Endossure

R -

ΚρνΓΛβΗΗβ KopemKa /ΚΗΗΑΗΟΓΟ ΟΛΟΚΘ/ Μ

031

Backing Board

A bevelled, wedge-shaped board of wood which is placed along each side of a book in a press. S —

Tablas para sacar cajos

G -

Abpressbrett

I —

Asse, tavoletta

F —

Ais de mise en presse

R -

18

ocicaflepeBHHHBHπβρβΠΛβΤΗθΑ,

Band Nipper

032

035

Backing Hammer

An iron hammer with a short handle, heavy face and wedge-shaped head, used for backing and rounding books. S —

Martillo de sacar cajos

G -

Hammer zum Runden des Buchblockr ckens

I —

Martello da legatore

F —

Marteau

R —

ΜΟΛΟΤΟΚ ΑΛΗ κρνίΜβΗΜΗ Koperaica

033

Backing Press

endosser

A press with metal plates brought together by a single screw. The top edge of each plate is bevelled so that when the plates are closed on the text block, the press serves the same function as backing boards. S G I F R

— — — -

034

Prensa para sacar cajos Presse zum Abpressen Indorsatrice Presse endosser, etau endosser THCKK Band

See Cord 035

Band Nipper

Pincers with broad, flat jaws used for straightening the bands of a book sewn on raised cords, and for nipping up the leather during covering. S —

Antenallas, pinzas de nervios

G -

Bundzange

I —

Pinza per nervature

F —

Pince

nerfs

R -

19

036

Beater

036

Beater

_

A machine, basically a tub, bedplate and beater rolls capable of weight adjustment, used for cutting and fibrilation of paper fibers. S -

Pila holandesa, batidora

G -

Holl nder, Stampfe

I -

Olandesina

F —

Pile hollandaise

R -

ΡΟΛΛ

037

Bevelled Board (Bevelled Edge)

Boards of books which have been shaped on the outer or inner edge along the head-, tail- and fore-edges. S —

Tapas biseladas

G —

Buchdecken mit abgeschr gtem Falz

I —

Cartone arrotondato, cartone smussato

F —

Plat biseaute

R -

ΚβρτοΗ / OCKa/ c φβοκβΜΗ

038

Binder's Board

See Board

039

Binding

1. The process of producing a single volume from leaves, sections, or issues of periodicals, or the covering of such a volume. 2. The finished product. 3. The cover of the volume. S -

Encuadernacion

G -

Einbinden (1), Einband (2), Einband (3)

I -

Legatura, Rilegatura (l, 2), Coperta (3)

F —

Reliure

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβτ

20

Blocking

040

043

Bleaching

The whitening of textiles or paper by the chemical action of an oxidizing or reducing agent. S —

Blanqueo

G —

Bleiche, Bleichen

I

Inbiancamento

—

F —

Blanchiment

R —

ΟτΟβΛΜΒΘΗΗβ

041

Bleeding

1 . The loss of color from paper as a result of contact with water or other solutions. 2. The tendency of colored papers to stain contiguous leaves due to the presence of moisture. 3. Discoloration of the surface of a paper due to the migration of residual oils. 4. A process, usually trimming, whereby part of the textual matter is cut away. S —

Descolorimiento (1) (3), Corrimiento de color (2), Corte de texto (4)

G -

Auslaufen (1), Abf rben (2)

I —

Scolorimento (1), Stingimento (2) (3), Corrosione (4)

F -

Taches colorees sur un document en papier

R -

042

Blind Tooling

See Tooling

043

Blocking

1. The impression of designs on leather by means of a machine instead of by hand. 2. Adherence of leaves of paper due to adhesives used for repairs, or to dampness. S —

Estampacion (1), pegamiento (2)

G -

Pr gen (1), Blocken (2)

21

044

Blocking Foil

I —

Impressione (1), Adesivit

F -

Estampage (1), Adherence (2)

R -

TticueHtie /!/, ΛΜΠΚΟΟΤΒ /2/

044

Blocking Foil

A thin plastic film with a high vacuum deposit of gold or other metal for titling or tooling volumes. Other colored pigments are also available. S -

Lamina para estampar

G —

Pr gefolie

I —

Lamina adesiva

F —

Film plastique servant

R -

045

fcojibra

l'estampage

AJIH THCHeaiifl

Blocking Press

An electrically heated machine with a lever or power apparatus that decorates or blocks flat surfaces. S —

Estampadora

G -

Pr gepresse

I —

Pressa a dorare

F —

Presse

R -

IlpeCC ΠΟβΟΛΟΤΗΗϋ

046

Blotting Paper

balancier

An unsized sheet of paper used to absorb ink or water, made from high grade rag or cotton linters, also from chemical or mechanical wood pulps, or mixtures thereof. The paper is porous, bulky, has low finish and little strength. S —

Papel secante

G -

L schpapier, L schkarton

I —

Carta assorbente

22

Book Cover

F —

049

Papier absorbant, buvard

R -

047

Board

A general term used for book covers made of various pulped or laminated fibrous materials which are pressed into large, flat sheets and cut to size. Specific types are: "binder's board" made of highgrade waste paper; considered better are the French "carton bleu" and the English "millboard". "Chipboard" (Thames Board) is softer and impermanent but is used for edition case bindings. "Strawboard", one of the cheapest, is made from cereal straws and used on light cloth bindings. "Pasteboard" is made by laminating together a number of waste sheets. S -

Tapas

G —

Buchdeckel, Buchbinderpappe, Graupappe, Strohpappe; Karton

I -

Cartone

F — R -

Carton de plat ΚβρτοΗ; OCKa; Kpmnica neperureTa

048

Board Shears

A hand-operated machine for cutting materials used in binding work. S -

Cizalla

G —

Pappschere

I —

Cesoia per cartone, tagliacartone

F -

Cisaille

R -

Manama

049

Book Cover

] . A protective cover of soft leather or other material that slips over a book for its protection. See also Slip Case. 2. See Dust cover. 3. See Binding.

23

050

Book Corner

S —

Sobrecubierta

G -

Schutzh lle

I —

Sopracoperta

F -

Jaquette

R -

ΟΟΛΟχκθ ΒΘΠΡΪΤΗΒΗ; cynepoOJtoxica; πβρβΠΛβτ /3/

050

Book Corner

A protective cap for the corners of book covers. It can be made of leather or metal. S —

Cantoneras

G —

Buchecke

I -

Angolo

F —

Coin de renfort

R -

ΥΓΟΛΟΚ πβρβΠΛβτβ

051

Bookbinder's Type

Individual metal letters and numbers designed to be set in a lettering pallet, blocking press, or attached to wooden handles, for lettering books. S —

Hierros

G —

Pr getypen

I —

Caratteri a stampa per legatoria

F —

Fers (lettres, chiffres)

R -

ΠΙτβΜΐιβΛΐ>, ιπρκφτ

052

Boss

dorer

A raised metallic ornament on the cover of a book which prevented wear of the cover. Used in the Middle Ages. S -

Bollon

G -

Buckel

I —

Borchia

24

Buckram F —

Bouillon, ombilic

R -

Hayro HHK, lyKOBuna,

053

Brittleness

055

The property or condition of a material that causes failure of the material when it is deformed by bending. Said of paper which has been degraded due to the cutting of cellulose chains until nothing is left but a weak and brittle aggregation of sugars. S -

Friabilidad

G —

Br chigkeit, Spr digkeit

I —

Indice di fragilita

F R -

Friabilite JIouKocTb, xpynxocTb

054

Buckling

The warping and twisting in several directions of, for example, the boards of a book. See also Cockling. S —

Deformacion

G —

Verformung

I —

Flessibilit

F —

Deformation, gauchissement

R -

055

Buckram

A heavy woven cotton or linen cloth stiffened with glue or other size used in bookbinding. S -

Tela encolada (para encuadernacion)

G —

Buckram

I —

Tela precollata, buckram

F —

Toile encollee

R —

ΤκβΗΒ ΘΠΠρβΤΗρΟΒΘΗΗβΗ, ΧθΛΟΤ

25

056

Burnisher

056

Burnisher

1. One who burnishes the edges of a book. 2. The tool used. It can be made of metal, agate, or bloodstone set in a handle and shaped flat or toothed. S —

Satinador

G -

Gl ttzahn

I —

Brunitore

F —

Brunissoir

R -

ΠΟΛΗρΟΒβΛΒΠρίΚ /!/,

057

Buttonhole Stitch

ΓΛΘΛΜΛΚβ /2/

An embroidery stitch used in making a headband. S -

Costura de ojal

G -

Knopflochstich

I —

Capitello

F -

Tranchefile

R —

fflOB

058

ΑΛΑ ΠΛβΤβΗΜΗ ΚΘΠΤβΛΘ

Calfskin

See Skin

059

Calico

A plain white cotton fabric that is heavier than muslin. It was one of the first cloths used in covering books. Still used to some extent for lining spines of edition bindings. S -

Calico, percal

G -

Kaliko

I -

Calico

F -

Calicot

R -

ΚοΛβΗΚορ,

26

Casing-In

060

063

Carbon Ink

See Ink

061

Cardboard

A board stiff er than paper used for the covers of pamphlets, brochures, etc. S -

Cartulina

G -

Pappe, Karton

I —

Cartoncino

F R -

Carte ΚβρτοΗ

062

Case Binding

In this type of binding the cover is made separately from the rest of the book and attached as one piece as distinguished from binding where the cover is assembled directly on the book. S -

Encuadernacion en tapa suelta

G —

Einh ngen des Buchblocks in die Decke

I —

Legatura a coperta staccata, legatura a cartella

F —

Embortage (ex: cartonnage bradel)

R —

ΠθρβΠΛβΤ ΜβΓΟΤΟΒΛβΗΗΗίί ΟΤΑβΛΒΗΟ ΟΤ ΚΗίΟΚΗΟΓΟ

JioKa

063

Casing-In

The process of securing the text block and attached endpapers into a case that was produced as a separate operation. S —

Meter en tapas

G -

Deckeneinband

I —

Applicazione della coperta

F -

Embortage

R -

BCTSBKa ΚΗΜΙΗΟΓΟ ΟΛΟΚβ

/Β ΠβρβΠΛβΤ/

27

064

Cellulose Acetate Film

064

Cellulose Acetate Film

A thermoplastic resin produced from wood pulp or cotton linters. It is soluble in acetone and other solvents. In conservation it is used for the lamination of documents, heat sealing, etc. S -

Lamina de acetato de celulosa

G —

Celluloseacetatfolie

I —

Lamina di acetato di cellulosa

F —

Feuille ou film d'acetate de cellulose

R -

ILaeHKa

065

Chain Line

A watermark line, which runs parallel to the shorter sides of a sheet of laid paper. Such lines are spaced about 25 mm apart from each other. S —

Corondeles

G -

Stege

I

Colonnello

—

F -

Pontuseaux

R -

066

Chain Stitch

See Kettle Stitch

067

Chalk Drawing

A type of drawing in chalk from which most pastels are made. S -

Dibujo a tiza blanca

G —

Kreidezeichnung

I —

Disegno a gessetto

F R -

Dessin a la craie

28

Chemical Pulp

068

071

Chamfering

The process of bevelling off a square edge or corner equally on both sides. It may be used, for example, in preparing the edges of repair paper before pasting to a document, to make a better fit. S -

Biselado

G —

Abschr gen, Aussch rfen

I —

Smussatura

F —

Biseautage, chanfrein

R -

CpeaKB ΦΘΟΚΜ

069

Chamois

Originally, a soft pliable leather from the skin of the chamois, a small antelope. Today it is a suede-finished leather made from the split flesh of sheep or lambskin. S —

Gamuza

G —

S mischleder

I -

Pelle di camoscio, pelle scamosciata

F —

Chamoisine

R -

3auma

070

Charcoal Drawing

A type of drawing in black or shades of black made with a stick of charred wood usually on a white, soft paper with a rough surface. S -

Dibujo al carboncillo

G —

Kohlezeichnung

I —

Disegno a carboncino

F -

Dessin au fusain

R -

PMcyHOK yrxeu

071

Chemical Pulp

See Pulp

29

072

Chipboard

072

Chipboard

See Board

073

Chrome Tanning

See Tanning

074

Clasp

A metal fastening hinged to one board and made to clip or lock into a loop or bar on the other board of a bound book or album. S -

Breche

G —

Schliesse

I —

Fermaglio, gancetto di chiusura

F —

Fermoir de livre

R -

3acTe*Ka

075

Cleaning

A general term to describe the elimination of dirt, dust stains, etc., from paper and other materials. Cleaning can be done in a variety of ways depending on the nature of the soiling. It may range from rubbing with a cleaning pad to complete washing and restoration. S —

Limpieza

G -

Reinigung

I —

Pulizia

F R —

Nettoyage

076

Closed Joint

That type of joint which is formed when the boards are fixed right up to the backing shoulders. S -

Cajo cerrado

G —

Falz, tiefer

30

Coating I -

Spigolo

F —

Charniere de renforcement en toile

R —

ΠρΗΟΟβΑΗΗβΗΜβ χρίΠΠβΚ ΠβρβΠΛβΤβ ΠΛΟΤΗΟβ

077

Cloth Binding

079

A book bound in full cloth with stiff boards. S — G —

Encuadernacion todo tela Ganzgewebeeinband

I —

Legatura in tela

F -

Reliure pleine toile

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβΤ ΤΚβΗΘΒΗΑ

078

Coated Paper

Paper which has received a coating of clay or other pigment and adhesive materials in order to improve its finish in terms of printability, smoothness, opacity, etc. S —

Papel cuche, papel estucado

G —

Papier, gestrichenes, Kunstdruckpapier

I —

Carta satinata, carta patinata

F —

Papier couche

R -

Eyiiara ΜβΛΟΒθΗΗβΗ

079

Coating

1. The covering of the surface of paper or cloth with proper substances for the purpose of creating a surface with the required properties. 2. The substances used for that operation. S —

Recubrimiento

G -

Strich, Farbschicht

I -

Patinatura (1), patina (2)

F —

Surfacage, papier enduit

R -

GJIO

ποκροΒΗΗίί

31

080

Cockling

080

Cockling

A puckered effect on paper, parchment, vellum and board due to excessive heat or moisture. S —

Deformacion

G —

Runzeln, Kr useln, Falten werfen, Deformierung

I —

Deformazione, arricciatura

F —

Deterioration

R -

Kopo JteHue

081

Cold Lamination

See Lamination 082

Collating

The examination of the sections of a book to see that all pages are present and in proper order. S -

Cotejar, colacionar

G —

Kollationieren, Zusammentragen

I —

Collazionare

F -

Collationner

R —

ΟΛΜΜβΗκβ} ΠρΟΒβρΚβ ΛΜΟΤΟΒ ορΟΙΠΗργθΜΟΑ ΚΗΙ4ΓΜ

083

Color Fastness

A term applied to a color that will not fade or wash out. S -

Solidez de color

G —

Farbechtheit

I —

Solidit di un colore

F -

Couleur indelebile

R -

CTO KOCTB

32

Conservation (Archival and Library Material)

084

086

Comb Binding

A form of binding consisting of a plastic strip on the spine from which curved prongs extend. The prongs are inserted into holes in the leaves to be held. S -

Encuadernacion con gusanillo

G —

Kammbindung, Spiralbindung

I —

Legatura a pettine

F —

Reliure de type classeur ( spirale, par exemple)

R —

ΠβρβπΛβτ ΗΘ crmpajiH

085

Concertina Guard

A type of paper guard made so that in conservation binding the adhesive applied to the spine of the book does not come in contact with the sections. S -

Cartivana en acordeon

G —

Leporellofalz

I —

Guardia incollata a tamburo

F —

Reliure en accordeon

R -

rapuomxa

086

Conservation (Archival and Library Material)

The discipline dedicated to the preservation and restoration of every kind of archival and library material. S —

Conservacion

G -

Konservierung (Restaurierung)

I —

Conservazione

F —

Conservation

R -

33

087

Consolidation

087

Consolidation

The reinforcement of a paper in a weakened condition with a suitable resizing substance. S -

Consolidacion

G —

Festigung, Konsolidierung

I -

Consolidamento

F —

Consolidation

R -

ΥκρβΠΛΘΗΜΘ

088

Cord

The cord or band, made of cotton, linen or hemp, on which the sections of a book are sewn. See also Raised Band. S -

Cordel

G -

Bund

I -

Nervo, nastro

F —

Ficelle pour couture, ruban pour couture

R -

089

Corner

The juncture of two edges of a book-cover at the fore-edge and head and tail. S —

Esquina

G —

Eckst ck, Ecke

I -

Angolo

F -

Coin

R -

ΥΓΟΛΟΚ /ΠΟΚρΟΒΗΟΓΟ

34

Crepeline

090

093

Corrosion Stain

The stain left by rust. S —

Mancha de herrumbre

G -

Rostfleck

I —

Macchia corrosiva

F -

Tache de rouille

R -

ΠΑΤΗΟ

091

Cotton Linter

The sort of fleecy fiber which adheres to cottonseed after it has been through a cotton gin. A second ginning removes the linter from the seed. S -

Linter de algodon

G —

Baumwollinters

I -

Fibra di cotone

F —

Linters de coton

R —

Oq.ec

092

Cracking

A defect in coated paper caused by the formation of fissures in the coating layer. This lifts from the support during printing or folding. S -

Grieta

G —

Rissig werden, Krakelee, Aufrei en

I —

Screpolatura

F — R —

Craquelure de la couche d'enduit d'un papier

093

Crepeline

See Silk Gauze

35

094

Cross Direction

094

Cross Direction

Paper has a grain which results from the orientation of fibers along the direction of travel on the papermaking machine (machine direction). The direction crosswise to this orientation is the cross direction. S —

Direccion transversal

G -

Dehnrichtung, Querrichtung

I

Direzione trasversale

—

F —

Sens d'allongement, sens travers

R -

ΚβπρβΒΛβΗΗβ nonepeiHoe

095

Curling

A warping of a paper surface along an adhered joint due to unequal forces of contraction and expansion. S -

Ondulacion

G -

Kr useln, Wellig werden

I —

Accartocciamento

F —

Ondulation

R -

096

Cutting Plow (Plough)

A device for trimming books and boards. It has two parallel blocks of wood connected by a large screw with a handle. One block fits into a runner of a lying press; the other block has an adjustable knife. The plow is moved back and forth by hand, the knife is gradually moved inwards as the plow moves. S —

Leng eta de encuadernador

G —

Buchbinderhobel

I -

Rifilatrice

F -

Outil de coupe de relieur (f t a rogner)

R -

Po ejrb, Ρβββκ

36

Deacidification

097

099

Damp Stain

The appearance of patches or streaks made by residues in paper which are soluble in water. S —

Mancha de humedad

G -

Wasserrand

I -

Macchia di umidit

F —

Tache d'humidite

R -

3βτβκ

098

Damp Stretching

The change in the dimensions of a sheet of paper when it becomes damp. S -

Dilatacion por humedad

G -

Feuchtdehnung

I —

Dilatazione da umidit

F -

Deformation d'un papier par 1'humidite

R -

ΑβφορΜβΙίΜΛ / yUarM/ OT BJiam

099

Deacidification

A term generally considered to mean removal of acid from or reduction of acid in a material such as paper by treating it with mild alkali. The process aims to neutralise the acid in the paper and to leave an alkaline residue as a buffer against any subsequent acidic activity on the paper. It can be effected in liquid (e.g. aqueous) or gaseous phase. See also Vapor Phase Deacidification. S —

Desacidificacion

G -

Ents uerung, Pufferung

I -

Deacidificazione

F —

Desacidification

R —

37

100

Deckle Edge

100

Deckle Edge

The rough, irregular edge of a sheet of paper after it has left the deckle, which is the removable frame which confines the fiber suspension on the wire cloth of the mold when making paper by hand. S -

Barbas del papel

G —

B ttenrand

I -

Sfrangiamento della carta

F —

Barbes de papier (livre non rogne)

R -

ΚροΜΚβ οτΛΜΒΗβΛ , Kpafl Cyuaru HeofipeaauHuft

101

Dehumidification

The removal of moisture from the air by mechanical and/or chemical means. S —

Deshumidificacion

G -

Trocknen von Luft, Entfeuchten von Luft

I -

Deumidificazione

F —

Deshumidification

R —

OcymeHMe soa^yxe

102

Delamination

The removal of a laminating material, for example cellulose acetate, from a document. S -

Deslaminacion

G —

Delaminieren

I -

Delaminazione

F -

Delamination

R -

ΛβΛΘΜΙίΗΜρΟΒΘΗΜβ

38

Disinfection

103

105

Deterioration

The gradual aging and ultimate destruction of materials due to the action of chemical, biological and physical processes. S —

Deterioro

G -

Zerfall, Abbau

I

Deterioramento

—

F R

Deterioration

-

104

Disaster Plan

A contingency plan for libraries and archives on what to do in case of fire or flood. Such a plan should include provisions for prevention of disaster, salvage procedures in case a disaster should occur, and replacement/restoration measures to be taken. S —

Plan de emergencia

G —

Katastrophenplan

I —

Piano di emergenza

F —

Plan de sauvetage

R -

ΠΛΒΆ

105

Disinfection

The destruction of harmful micro-organisms or the inhibition of their activity. S —

Desinfeccion

G —

Desinfizierung

I —

Disinfezione

F —

Desinfection

R -

39

106

106

Disinfestation

Disinfestation

The elimination of insects, small rodents or other pests. S —

Desinsectacion

G —

Sch dlingsbek mpfung

I —

Disinfestazione

F —

Desinsectisation, "desinfestation" (neologisme)

R 107

Double Cord Sewing

A book sewn on double raised cords (two cords set adjacent and almost touching). The sewing thread leaves and re-enters through jne hole. S —

Cosido de d ble nervio

G —

Heften auf doppelte B nde

I -

Cucitura con doppia nervatura

F —

Couture

R -

niMTbe HaflBoflHirenmypax

108

Dry Cleaning

double nerfs

The removal of surface dirt and grime from paper using such erasers as architect's ground art gum, wallpaper cleaner, etc. S —

Limpieza en seco

G —

Trockenreinigung

I —

Pulizia a secco

F —

Nettoyage

R -

OWHCTKa ΜΘΧΘΗΗΜβΟΚΘΗ

109

Dry Mounting

See Lamination

40

sec

Edge

110

113

Drying Rack

A framework of metal or wood with tiered shelves of metal or plastic screening on which damp papers are placed to air-dry. S -

Estanteria de secado

G —

Trockengestell

I -

Stenditoio

F -

Clayette

R -

111

Durability

The ability of a material to last in spite of hard wear or frequent use. S —

Durabilidad

G —

Dauerhaftigkeit, Beständigkeit

I -

Durabilitä

F —

Durabilite

R -

112

Dust Cover

A removable protective cover for books. S —

Sobrecubierta

G -

Schutzumschlag

I —

Sopracoperta

F —

Couvre-livre, protege-livre

R —

CynepoOJioxKa

113

Edge

The three outer borders of the leaves of a book. S G -

Canto Schnitt

41

114

Edge Gilding

I -

Bordo, taglio

F —

Tranche

R -

O pea

114

Edge Gilding

See Gilt Edges

115

Edition Binding

The binding of a book in identical style, usually in mass producion in large quantities. Also called Publisher's Binding. S —

Encuadernacion de editorial

G -

Verlagseinband

I —

Legatura editoriale

F -

Reliure d'editeur

R -

ΠβρβΠΛΘΤ MSflaTe

116

Embossing

bCKM

, MaCCOBH

The raising on leather or paper of a design which is above the re.-t of the surface. S —

Repujado

G —

Ledertreibarbeit, Pr gung

I -

Goffrare

F -

Estampage, repoussage

R -

ΤΜΟΗΘΗΗΘ κοΗΓρβΒκοβ

117

Embroidered Binding

Books covered by material embellished with needlework. S -

Encuadernacion bordada

G —

Einband, gestickter

I -

Legatura ornata, legatura ricamata

42

Endpaper

F -

Reliure brodee

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβΤ

118

Enameled Binding

120

A binding whose designs were cut into thin sheets of gold or copper; the cavities were filled with enamel. These sheets formed the covers. S —

Encuadernacion en esmalte

G -

Einband, emaillierter

I —

Legatura smaltata

F —

Reliure emaillee

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβΤ ΒΗΘΛβΒΗΟ; ΟΚΛβΑ C SMBJIbB

119

Encapsulation

The use of a clear inert film such as polyester for the manufacture of protective jackets or envelopes for individual documents. S -

Encapsulacion

G —

Einkapseln

I -

Incapsulazione

F —

Encapsulation

R -

120

Endpaper

Λ leaf of paper placed between the front and back covers of a book and its text block. See also Guarded Endpaper. S -

Guarda

G -

Vorsatz

I -

Foglio di guardia, guardia

F R -

Page de garde

43

121

Engraving

121

Engraving

1. The art of producing letters or designs on wood, metal or other materials, by means of cutting or etching. 2. An engraved plate, or the impression made from such a plate. 3. An engraved inscription. S —

Grabado

G -

Stich, Gravur

I —

Silografia

F — R -

Grav re ΓρβΒΜροΒθΗΜβ /!/, rpasrpa /2,3/, c rpaBBpii /4/

122

Etching

1 . The art of producing drawings or designs on metal plates by the action of an acid. 2. An etched plate. 3. A print made from an etched plate. S —

Aguafuerte (1 y 3), plancha (2)

G -

Radieren (1), Radierung (2, 3)

I -

Acquaforte (1, 3), incisione (1, 3), rame (2)

F —

Grav re

R -

ΤρβΒΛβΗΜβ, OTTHCK, KjiHffle

123

Facsimile

l'eau forte

An exact reproduction or copy of an original. S —

Facsimil

G —

Faksimile

I —

Facsimile

F -

Fac-simile

R -

ΦβΚΟΗΜΗΛβ

44

Fast Color

124

127

Fading

The gradual loss of color of a pigment or dye that is chemically unstable. S -

Decoloracion

G -

Verblassen

I —

Scolorimento

F -

Decoloration

R -

ΒϊΠΙΒβΤβΗΙίβ

125

False Band

An imitation raised cord or band made of a narrow strip of leather or other material on the spine of a book. S -

Falso nervio

G —

Bund, unechter; Bund, falscher

I —

Falsa nervatura

F —

Faux nerf

R -

BMHT ΛΟΚΗΗΑ

126

Fast Back

See Tight Back

127

Fast Color

The color which is resistant to the action of external influences such as light, acids, alkalis, etc. In textile dyeing, a fast color is one which will resist fading for the useful life of the product in which it is used. In book cloths, the term refers to nonfading over long exposure to artificial light but not to natural light. S —

Color estable, color solido

G —

Farbe, lichtechte

I -

Colore solido

45

128

Feltmark

F —

Couleur stable

R -

KpacMTejib CTO KM

128

Feltmark

The impression left on machine-made paper by the warp and weft of wet felts on the undried web. S —

Marca del fieltro

G —

Struktur der Filzseite von Maschinenpapieren

I —

Segno del feltro

F R -

C te feutre ΜβρκϋροΒΚβ cyKHa

129

Filier

1. A material, such as starch or pyroxylin, used to fill the interstices of a fabric. 2. The material added to the fiber furnish of paper in order to obtain printability, opacity, color, etc., of the final product. S -

Cargas

G -

F llstoff

I -

Stucco (1), sostanza di carica (2)

F — R —

Comblage pour interstice (1), charge (2)

130

Fillet

See Roll 131

Finishing

See Tooling

46

Fixative

132

135

Finishing Press

A small press made of hardwood consisting of two parallel cheeks connected by a screw at each end. It is used for holding a book while being lettered or tooled on the spine. S —

Prensa de acabado

G —

Klotzpresse

l

Torchio per legatura, battidorso

—

F —

Presse de finissure

R —

IlpeCC O6XHUHO# ΑβρβΒΗΗΗΗΑ

133

Finishing Stove

A small stove used for heating finishing and lettering tools. Such stoves generally have a heated plate in the center, and an outer notched ring to support the handles of the tools. S —

Calentador de acabado

G -

Vergoldeofen

I

Portapunzoni

—

F -

Rechaud

dorer

R —

ΠρΜΟΟρ ΛΛΗ ΗΘΓρβΒβΗΗΗ HHCTpyiieHTOB npM TMCH6HHK

134

Finishing Tool

See Fillet, Gouge, Handletter, Pallet, Roll 135

Fixative

A clear solution, such as a synthetic resin in an organic solvent, which is sprayed or applied locally on a work of art or inks on a document in order to fix the image. S — G — I —

Fijativo Fixativ Fissatore

47

136

Flap

F -

Fixatif

R -

ΦΜΚΟΒΤΜΒ

136

Flap

Anything flat and broad that is attached at one end and hangs loose or covers an opening (like the flap of an envelope). S —

Solapa

G -

Klappe, Umschlag

I —

Lembo, falda, patta

F -

Patte, rabat

R -

ΚΛΟΠΘΗ

137

Flat Back Binding

A book which has not been rounded and backed before the boards are attached. S —

Encuadernacion de lomo piano

G —

Einband mit geraden R cken

I —

Legatura a dorso piatto

F — R -

Reliure dos plat ΠβρβΠΛβτ c npHMHM KopemKOMj BJIOK KHMJCHH

138

Flattening

The elimination of wrinkles or folds in documents. S —

Planchado, aplanamiento

G -

Gl tten

I —

Spianamento

F —

Remise

R -

ΒΗροΒΗΜΒΘΗΗβJ

48

plat ΥοτρβΗβΗΗΘ

cmn-rutf

Flour Paste

139

142

Flesh Side

In leather, vellum and parchment, the side opposite the grain or stained and finished side. S —

Lado carne

G —

Fleischseite

I -

Carne

F —

Cote chair

R —

EaxTapua

140

Flexible Binding

1. A style of binding in which the sewing allows the book to open flat. 2. A binding, usually of leather, that has no rigid covers and permits bending. S -

Encuadernacion flexible

G —

Weichbroschur; Einband, biegsamer

I —

Legatura flessibile, legatura floscia

F —

Reliure souple

R —

ΠβρβΠΛβτ ΜΑΓΚΗ&

141

Flexible Sewing

The sewing of sections of a book to cords or bands which are above the backs of sections and rest against them, as opposed to being recessed. S —

Cosido flexible

G —

Heftung, biegsame; Heften auf Schnur oder Band

I —

Cucitura flessibile

F —

Couture souple

R — 142

ffiHTbe

ΗΘ muypax 6ea nponujia

Flour Paste

See Paste 49

143

Fly-Leaf

143

Fly-Leaf

A blank page or leaf at the beginning or end of a book (not the pastedown or endpaper). S -

Hoja suelta, hoja volante

G -

Deckblatt

I -

Foglio sciolto, foglio volante

F — R -

Garde volante Φορββίϊ /HenpuKJieeHHHit JIHCT/

144

Foil

See Blocking Foil

145

Folder

A thin length of wood, bone, ivory or other material. It is tapered to the edges, has rounded edges and ends. It is used in folding sheets, cutting bolts, etc. S —

Plegadera

G —

Falzbein

I -

Stecca d'osso

F -

Plioir

R -

KOCTO^KS

146

Folding Endurance

A test showing the number of double folds a paper will endure before rupture. Various machines known as folding testers are used. S —

Resistencia al plegado

G -

Falzfestigkeit, Falzzahl

I -

Resistenza alia piegatura

F —

Resistance a la pliure

R -

50

O^HOCTb Ηβ Μ8ΓΜ6

Foxing

147

149

Foliation

A system of numbers or characters assigned to the folios of a book or manuscript to indicate their order. 'Foliation' implies an integral number or character being applied to each folio with recto and verso being shown in abbreviated form after the number or character, to indicate the front and back of the folio respectively, e.g., lOr, lOv. S -

Foliacion

G —

Foliierung, Blattnumerierung

I —

Numerazione di fogli

F -

Foliotation

R —

HyMepauMH ΛΜΟΤΟΒ

148

Fore-Edge

The front or outer edge of a book opposite the folds of the sections. Also called Front Edge. S —

Corte delantero

G —

Vorderschnitt

I -

Davanti, gola

F —

Gouttiere d'un livre

R —

O pee nepe.zmn

149

Foxing

Stains, specks, spots and blotches in paper. The cause or causes of foxing are not completely understood but it may be fungal in nature. S —

Moteado

G -

Stockfleck

I —

Maculato

F -

Piq re

R —

ΦΟΚΟΜΗΓΜ; ΛΜΟΒΜ ΠΗΤΗΒ

51

150

Freeze Drying

150

Freeze Drying

A type of dehydration for removing water from wet materials such as books. The material is first frozen and then placed in a high vacuum so that the water (ice) vaporizes in the vacuum (sublimes) without passing through the liquid state. S —

Liofilizacion

G -

Gefriertrocknung

I

—

Liofilizzazione

F —

Lyophilisation

R -

151

Freezing

The change of state from a liquid to a solid. For the stabilization of water-damaged library and archival materials this is a generally accepted method, that is, freezing and storing at low temperatures in order to buy time for a drying operation. S -

Congelacion

G —

Einfrieren, Gefrieren

I -

Congelamento

F R —

Congelation

152

French Joint

A free-swinging joint produced by setting the board a short distance away from the backing joint of the book. S —

Cajo en tapa suelta

G -

R ckenfalz

I —

Canale

F -

Mors

R -

ΟοβΛΗΗβΗΜθ mapHwpHoe

52

Fume Cupboard Or Hood

153

156

French Sewing

A method used to sew sections together without using cords or tapes. S —

Cosido sin cordeles

G —

Heften ohne B nde

I -

Cucitura a catenella

F —

Brochage

R —

ΠΙκτΒβ

154

Front Cover

pounopHoe

The top or first cover of a book. S —

Cubierta delantera

G —

Umschlag

I —

Piatto anteriore

F —

Plat superieur

R —

KpmnKa nepeiwieTa nepeflH««

155

Full Binding

Complete binding of a book, back and sides, usually of leather, but applying to any kind of material. S —

Encuadernacion plena

G —

Ganzlederband, Ganzfranzband

I —

Legatura completa

F —

Pleine reliure

R —

ΠβρβπΛβτ

156

Fume Cupboard Or Hood

An enclosed chamber with a sash or sliding door and a mechanical means of extraction. A fume hood or cupboard is used when working with materials which must not be released into the laboratory environment.

53

157

Fumigant

S -

Campana extractora

G —

Abzug, Digestorium

I —

Cappa aspirante

F -

Hotte aspirante

R

ΠΙΚβφ BHT JCHO

—

157

Fumigant

A toxic agent in vapor form that destroys rodents, insects, and infectious organisms; a type of pesticide. S —

Fumigante

G —

Desinfektionsmittel, gasf rmiges

I —

Agente fumigante

F -

Desinfectant par fumigation

R —

158

Fumigation

The exposure of library and archival materials to the vapor of a volatile substance or toxic chemical in a closed container or chamber in order to destroy fungi and/or insects. S —

Fumigacion

G —

Begasung

I —

Fumigazione

F -

Fumigation

R -

159

Fumigation Chamber

An airtight enclosure where fumigants can be used to destroy insects and fungi. The ideal chamber is not only airtight but can produce a vacuum. S —

C mara de fumigacion

G —

Begasungsschrank

54

Gathering

I -

Cella di disinfestazione e disinfezione

F —

Appareil de desinfection, autoclave

R -

Kaiiepa

160

Fungi (Fungus)

162

One of the organisms referred to as a microbiological agent in libraries and archives. Fungi are numerous in genera and species, their spores are ubiquitous and await only proper conditions of moisture and temperature to germinate, grow and reproduce. Certain fungi leave stains, consume cellulose; others thrive on leather, glues, pastes and other adhesives. S -

Hongos

G -

Pilze

I —

Funghi, fungo

F —

Champignons, moisissures

R -

ΓρκΟΗ, ΓΡΗΟΗ MHKpocKonimecKMe

161

Fungicide

A substance possessing the power to destroy or prevent the growth of fungi. S —

Fungicida

G —

Fungizid

I —

Fungicida

F —

Fongicide

R -

162

Gathering

A number of folded leaves gathered together and treated as a single unit for binding purposes. Also called a Section. S -

Cuadernillo, cuaderno

G -

Lage

55

163

Gauffered (Goffered)

I — F R -

Quartino, quaderno, sezione Cahier

163

Gauffered (Goffered)

This term refers to book edges, invariably gilt, which have beer decorated with hot finishing tools which leave small patterns. S —

Corte gofrado

G -

Dekorieren (Buchschnitt), Ziselieren (Buchschnitt)

I -

Goffrato

F —

Tranche ciselee

R —

O peS ΤΟρίΠΟΗΜρΟΒΘΗΗΗϋ; 30ΛΟΤθα C ΤΗΟΗΘΗΗβΙί ΜΛΜ

rpaBMpOBKofi

164

Gauze

See Silk Gauze 165

Gelatine

A complex protein formed by the hydrolysis of collagen in anima cartilages and bones, by boiling with water. It differs from anima glue in purity and care used in its manufacture. S G I F

— -

Gelatina Gelatine Gelatina Gelatine

R -

ΙβΛΘΤΜΗΘ

166

Gilding

The art or process of applying gold leaf to books for decoration ο titling. S — 56

Dorado

Glue

G —

Vergolden

I -

Doratura dei tagli

F —

Dorure

R -

SojioueHHe; ΒΟΛΟΙΘΗΜΘ o peaa

167

Gilt Edges

170

See Gilding

168

Glassine Paper

A supercalendered paper made from chemical wood pulps which have been finely beaten. It is grease resistant, has a high resistance to the passage of air, and is almost impervious to the passage of water vapor. It is also smooth and transparent, or semi-transparent. S -

Papel cristal

G —

Pergaminpapier

I —

Carta pergamina, glassina

F — R —

Papier cristal Eyiiara nepraueHTHaa

169

Glaze

The high gloss or polish of a paper which has been calendered, undergone friction glazing or plating. S —

Satinado

G —

Satinieren

I —

Satinare

F R -

Glacage, polissage par calendrage JIocK

170

Glue

An adhesive made of protein derived from the collagen in animal hides and bones. See also Size.

57

171

Gluing Up

S -

Cola

G -

Leim, tierischer

I -

Colla

F R -

Colle forte, glue Kjiefc XMBOTHH

171

Gluing Up

The process of applying glue, or other adhesive, to the back of the book following sewing. S -

Encolado del lomo

G —

Leimen, Ableimen

I —

Incollare il dorso

F -

Coller, encoller

R —

ΠροκΛβϋκβ KopemKa

172

Goat Vellum

See Vellum

173

Goatskin

Leather manufactured from a number of varieties of goats, especially the genus Capra. This is the skin traditionally used in fine bookbinding. S -

Fiel de cabra

G -

Ziegenleder

I -

Pelle di capra

F —

Peau de chevre, maroquin

R -

OleBpo

174

Goffered Edge

See Gauffered

58

Gold Tooling

175

179

Gold Blocking

The decorative effect produced by blocking the covers of books in gold. S —

Estampado en oro

G -

Goldpr gung

I —

Impresso in oro

F -

Estampe

R -

ΤκΟΗβΗΜβ 8ΟΛΟΤΟΜ

176

Gold Blocking Press

chaud

See Blocking Press

177

Gold Foil

See Blocking Foil

178

Gold Leaf

A small, square, thin sheet of gold used in lettering and decoration of books. The leaf generally used is 23 to 23 1/4 karat, the remaining 1 to 3/4 karat being silver and copper. S —

Pan de oro

G -

Blattgold

I —

Lamina d'oro

F -

Feuille d'or

R —

30ΛΟΤΟ /JIJtCTOBOe/

179

Gold Tooling

The art or process of lettering and/or decorating the spine and covers of a book with gold leaf using heated tools. S —

Dorado

G —

Vergolden

59

180

Gouache Painting

I —

Decorare in oro

F —

Dorure

R -

3θΛΟΜβΗΜβ

180

Gouache Painting

chaud

A watercolor painting that is done with opaque colors as opposed to the transparent method of the purest watercolor. S -

Pintura al gouache

G —

Gouache

I —

Guazzo

F —

Peinture a la gouache

R -

181

Gouge

A single-line finishing tool, used either for blind or gold tooling on the covers and spine of a book. It has a curved edge which forms a segment of a circle. S -

Filete curvo

G -

Filete

I -

Sgorbia

F -

Gouge

R —

182

Grain

1. In machine-made paper and board, the direction in which the fibers are oriented. 2. In leather, parchment and vellum, the term is used to indicate the top or outer, i.e., hair side, layer of a hide or skin that has been split into two or more layers. S -

Textura (1), grano (2)

G —

Laufrichtung (1), Narbung (2)

I -

Grana (1), fiore (2)

60

Groundwood Pulp F -

Texture (1), grain (2), grenure (2)

R -

ΗβπρβΒΛθΗϋθ npoflOJibHoe /l/; ΟτοροΗβ Koacw

186

SepHMCTOCTb

183

Grain Side

See Grain 2

184

Graining up

The process of raising the grain of leather, usually by wetting and rubbing the grain side with the hand, causing the grain to rise. S —

Recuperacion de grano

G —

Herausarbeiten der Narbung, Levantieren

I —

Rinverdire

F —

Relevage du grain de la peau

R -

O pa OTKa jutueeoft οτοροκκ ΚΟΧΗ

185

Groove

1. The depression (shoulder) formed on the sides of books in rounding and backing. 2. The depression along the binding edge of front and back covers. 3. The space between the board and the back of a book having an open joint. S -

Cajo

G -

Falz (l, 2), Falzrille (3)

I —

Canaletto, solco

F -

Creux (l, 2), gorge de bradel (3)

R —

186

Groundwood Pulp

See Pulp

61

187

Guard

187

Guard

1. The strip of cloth or paper pasted around or into a section of a book or individual folio so as to reinforce the paper and prevent the sewing thread from tearing through. 2. A strip of cloth or paper on which a map or illustration, etc., may be attached and sewn through with the section. S —

Refuerzo de cuadernillo (1), cartivana (2)

G -

F lzelband (1), Falzstreifen (1), Ansatzfalz (2)

I -

Brachetta (1,2)

F -

Fond (1), onglet (2)

R -

188

Guarded Endpaper

A section which has had a cloth guard wrapped around both it and the endpapers so as to make one unit of the two. S —

Refuerzo de guarda

G -

Vorsatz, vorgeklebtes (f r Handeinb nde)

I -

Specchio

F —

Renfort de garde, garde renforcee

R -

Φορβθΐί C ΤΚΘΗβΒΗΜ φθΛΒ^ΜΚΟΜ

189

Guillotine

A machine for cutting large numbers of sheets of paper and board, and for trimming edges of books. The guillotine is designed to cut large lengths with a heavy blade which descends between vertical runners. S -

Guillotina

G —

Schneidemaschine, Schnellschneider

I -

Taglierina

F -

Massicot

R —

MemHHa peaajibHa«

62

Half Binding

190

193

Gum

Any of a number of colloidal polysaccharides of high molecular weight, which can be dispersed in cold or hot water to produce various mixtures or solutions, and which display good flow and tack characteristics. Examples: Gum Arabic, Gum Sandarach, Gum Tragacanth. S —

Goma

G —

Gummi

I —

Gomma

F -

Gomme, colle

R -

191

Gutter

The adjoining inner margins of two facing printed pages, i.e., the margin at the sewn fold of a section. S —

Margen interior

0 —

Bundsteg

1 —

Margine intern ο

F —

Fonds de cahiers, marge inter ieure

R -

ΠΟΛΟ KopeniKOBoe, BHyTpeHHee

192

Hair Side

See Grain 193

Half Binding

A style of binding with a leather back, leather corners, and cloth or paper sides. The leather of the back usually extends onto the boards one-quarter of the width of the boards. S -

Media pasta, holandesa

G -

Halblederband, Halbgewebeband, Halbband

I —

Mezza legatura

63

194

Hand Lamination

F R —

Demi-reliure ΠβρβΠΛβτ

194

Hand Lamination

coins, reliure amateur

See Lamination

195

Handletter

See Bookbinder's Type

196

Hand-Made Paper

A type of paper made in hand molds in single sheets and having a deckle edge on all four sides. Because of the method used in lifting and shaking the mold, the paper has no grain or machine direction. S -

Papel a mano

G -

B ttenpapier; Papier, handgesch pftes

I —

Carta a mano

F —

Papier

R -

Eyuara py^Hoii BtmepnKM, py^Horo ΟΤΛΜΒΘ

197

Head

la main, papier

la forme

1. Margin at the top of a page. 2. Top of a book or leaf. 3. Top of the spine of a book where the headband is located. 4. Top edge of a bound book. S -

Cabeza

G -

Kopf

I —

Testata (1, 4), frontespizio (2), capitello (3)

F R -

Tete Bepx ΛΚΟΤΘ /1,2/, ΚΗΗΓΜ /2,4/, Kopemica /3/

64

Heat Seal

198

201

Head-Edge

The upper part of a book, implying the very edge of the covers and back. S -

Cabeza, cabecera

G -

Kopf schnitt

I —

Taglio superiore

F — R -

Tete, Tranche de tete O pee sepxHM /ΓΟΛΟΒΗΟΑ/

199

Headband

A functional and/or ornamental band of cotton or silk placed at the head and tail of a book between the spine-cover and backs of the sections. S -

Cabezada

G -

Kapital

I -

Capitello

F — R —

Tranchefile, de tete, de queue

200

Headcap

The fold of leather where it turns in at the head and tail of the back of the book. S -

Cofia

G -

H ubchen

I -

Cuffia

F R -

Coiffe 3am6 ποκροΒΗΟΓΟ uaTepwajia ΗΘ KOpemoK

201

Heat Seal

See Lamination

65

202

Hinge

202

Hinge

See Inner Joint, Outer Joint

203

Hollow Back

In a book, the type of back in which the cover of the spine is not glued down as in a tight-back book. S —

Lomo hueco

G —

Hohlr cken

I -

Dorso libero

F -

Reliure

R -

Κορβιποκ ΠΟΛΗΑ

204

Humidification

dos brise

The process of humidifying; moistening; dampening. S -

Humidificacion

G —

Befeuchten, Anfeuchten

I -

Umidificazione

F —

Humidification

R -

ΥΒΛβΧΗΘΗΗβ

205

Illumination

The decoration of a manuscript or book with painted pictures, ornamented letters, designs, or a combination thereof, in colors and usually burnished in gold or silver. S —

Miniatura

G —

Buchmalerei

I —

Miniatura

F -

Miniature, enluminure

R —

MHH>iaT»pa; PyKoimc /ΚΗΜΓΘ/

66

Ink Corrosion

206

208

Imitation Leather

A coated fabric, rubber or plastic composition, or absorbent paper, manufactured so as to resemble genuine leather. Also called Artificial Leather. S G I F R

— — — -

207

Fiel artificial Kunstleder Pelle artificiale, fintapelle Cuir artificiel, similicuir Ko*a

Ink

A descriptive word for a fluid composed of a pigment in a suitable vehicle. It is used for printing, writing and coloring. S G I F

—

Tinta Tinte Inchiostro Encre

R -

^ΙβρΗΗΛβ; KpacKa τΜποΓρβφοκβΗ

208

Ink Corrosion

Damage and destruction to paper caused by the sulfuric acid produced by the ingredients of iron-gall inks. S G I F

-

R —

Corrosion por tinta Tintenfra Corrosione da inchiostro Corrosion par 1'encre ΠΟΒρβΧΛβΗΗβ ΑΘΛββΟΓβΛΛΟΒΗΜΗ »ΙθρΗΗΛβΜΜ

67

209

Inlay

209

Inlay

In library binding, the paper used for stiffening the backbone of the cover. S —

Lomera

G —

Rückeneinlage

I -

Anima

F -

Incrustation, applique

R -

OTCTSB

210

Inner Joint

The inside hinge of the cover, made of the fold of the endpapers and/or a strip of supplemental cloth or leather. Also called (inner) hinge. S -

Cajo interior

G —

Ansatzfalz, Gelenk

I -

Cassa, incartonatura

F -

Charniere

R -

IIIapHMp BHyTpeHHHfi

211

Insecticide

A type of pesticide designed to kill insect life. Types most generally used are either natural organic compounds, or synthetic organic compounds. S —

Insecticida

G -

Insektenvertilgungsmittel

I —

Insetticida

F -

Insecticide

R -

68

Kettle Stitch

212

215

Interleaving

The process of inserting an extra leaf, usually blank, between the printed leaves of a book, or a thin tissue between text and illustration, to prevent rubbing together. S —

Intercalation

G —

Durchschu

I -

Interfogliatura

F -

Interfoliage

R —

ΠροκΛβΛΚθ /ΠΛΒΡ/

213

Japanese (Japan) Tissue

See Tissue Paper 214

Joint

The exterior juncture of the spine and covers of a bound volume. S -

Cajo

G -

Falz, R ckenfalz

I -

Spigolo

F —

Mors

R 215

Kettle Stitch

The knotted thread that joins the sections together at the head and tail of the book. S —

Cadeneta

G -

Fitzbund

I —

Punto a catenella

F —

Point de chainette

R -

ΙΠΟΒ ΑΛΗ ΒΘΚρβΠΛβΗΜΗ ΚΘΠΤβΛΘ

69

216

Knocking Up

216

Knocking Up

The process of evening up one or two edges of a pile of sheets ο paper. Also called Jogging. S -

Ajustamiento de pliegos

G -

Aufsto en

I —

Raccoglitura, Ricomposizione

F —

Tacquer

R —

ΟΤΒΛΚΗΒΘΗΜΘ /ΛΗΟΤΟΒ/

217

Kraft Paper

A paper made by a modified sulfate process using only wood pulp It is relatively coarse and known for its strength. Its nature unbleached color is brown, but lighter shades can be obtained b using semi-bleached or fully bleached sulfate pulps. S -

Papel Kraft

G —

Packpapier

I -

Carta Kraft

F R —

Papier Kraft Eyuara κρβφτ

218

Label

A square or rectangular piece of leather, cloth, or paper attached t the spine or front cover of a book. Labels display the title of th book, author's name, etc., usually in gilt tooling or blocking. S -

Tejuelo

G -

Etikette, Zettel

I -

Tassello

F -

Piece de titre

R —

HaKjieftica; ΒΤΜΚΘΤΘ;

70

Laid Line

219

221

Lacing-In

In binding, the slips or cords on which the book is sewn are frayed out, the ends are moistened with paste, then threaded through holes pierced in the boards. S -

Entrelazar

G —

Durchziehen, Durch die Deckel ziehen

I —

Sfilacciatura dei nervi

F —

Passure en carton

R -

06pa6oTKa KOHIJOB nmypOB /nepefl οοορκοϋ nepenjieTa/

220

Lacquer

An organic material that dries by the evaporation of the solvent. Lacquers, based on cellulose derivatives, are used in coating cloth, paper and leather to provide heat-sealing properties, and resistance to water or grease. S —

Laca

G —

Lack, Firnis

I —

Lacca

F —

Laque

R -

ΛΘΚ

221

Laid Line

The closely spaced watermark line in paper produced by the laid wires of the mold. Also called "wire line" or "wire mark" as opposed to "chain line". S —

Puntizon

G -

Rippe

I —

Vergella

F —

Vergeure

R -

Byuara sepxe; BepxiipoBKa; ΛΗΗΜΗ Β yuare sepxe

71

222

Laminating Machine

222

Laminating Machine

A machine designed to fuse transparent thermoplastic film onto paper. There are a variety of designs but the basic principle is the same: to supply the heat and pressure required for fusing. S -

Laminadora

G —

Hei siegelpresse

I —

Laminatrice

F -

Machine

R -

ΛβΜΗΗβτορ

223

Lamination

doubler, machine

laminer

The action of uniting layers of material by means of heat and/or pressure, by adhesive or solvent. The three main classes of lamination are: "heat seal" in which no auxiliary adhesive is used; the document is placed between thermoplastic film then heat and pressure are applied. Second, "dry mounting" in which a plastic film or tissue with adhesive is used with heat and pressure. Third, "hand lamination" in which a solvent is applied to dissolve a film over a tissue causing it to adhere to a document. S —

Laminacion

G —

Lamination, Einbetten, Hei siegeln

I

Laminazione

—

F -

Lamination

R —

ΛθΜΜΗΜρΟΒβΗΜβ

224

Leafcasting

A method employing a suspension of pulp to repair damaged papers. S -

Reintegracion mec nica

G -

Anfasern

I —

Risarcimento meccanico

F R -

Comblage par repulpage ΑΟΛΜΒΚΒ 6yyaxHO# uaccoft

72

Leather Binding

225

227

Leafcasting Machine

A machine with a chamber into which paper fibers are dispersed in water. At the bottom of the chamber is a screen which supports the document to be repaired. The suspension of pulp in water is sucked down through the screen, the new fibers are deposited on the missing areas of the document. S —

M quina reintegradora

G -

Anfaserger t

I —

Risarcitore meccanico, ponitore di fibre

F —

Machine

R —

ManiHHa ΛΜΟΤΟΟΤΛΜΒΗΘΗ

226

Leather

repulper le papier

The outer covering from certain animals which has been tanned, or otherwise dressed and prepared in a manner to render it usable and resistant to putrefaction. See also Imitation Leather. S G I F R

-

227

Fiel Leder Pelle Cuir Koxa Leather Binding

A general term applied to a book bound fully or partly in leather. S —

Encuadernacion en piel

G —

Lederband, Ledereinband

I —

Legatura in pelle

F —

Reliure en cuir, reliure en peau

R -

ΠβρθΠΛβΤ ΚΟΧΘΗΗίί

73

228

Leather Dressing

228

Leather Dressing

A substance or mixture applied to leather to prevent or retard deterioration, preserve, and restore flexibility. S — G —

Jaboncillo Lederpflegemittel

I —

Ammorbidente

F —

Creme pour le cuir

R —

CwaeKa jyin. ΚΟΧΗ

229

Lens Tissue

See Tissue

230

Light Fastness

Those colors which are resistant to the action of light. In book cloths, the term refers to nonfading over long exposure to artificial light. S -

Solidez a la luz

G -

Lichtechtheit

I —

Resistenza alia luce

F —

Resistance

la lumiere

R —

231

Light Table

A work table with a frosted glass surface illuminated from below. It is used in paper conservation for tracing, repairing, etc. S —

Mesa con negatoscopio

G —

Leuchttisch

I -

Tavolo luminoso

F —

Table lumineuse

R —

CTOJI pecTaBpamtOHHHU /c ΠΟΛΟΒΘΤΚΟΑ/

74

Lying Press

232

236

Limp Binding

See Flexible Binding (2) 233

Lining

See Spine Back Lining; Backing 234

Lithograph

A process of printing which, as a craft, is done on a fine grained limestone using a grease pencil, a weak acid solution, and water. The part that has been covered by the design will take ink; the other part repels the ink. In modern printing, lithography is done on metal plates on regular printing presses. S G I F

— — -

Litografia Steindruck, Lithographie Litografia Lithographie

R -

ΛϋΤΟΓρβφΗΗ

235

Loose Back

See Hollow Back 236

Lying Press

A press usually of solid hardwood, with a track on one side in which a plow can run for trimming book edges or boards. It usually has a screw at each end for adjusting the cheeks. S G I F

— — — —

R -

Prensa horizontal Handpresse Pressa orizzontale, torchio Presse horizontale

npecc

75

237

Machine Direction

237

Machine Direction

The direction of the grain in the paper, i.e., the direction in which the machine ran when the paper was made. S —

Direccion de m quina

G —

Laufrichtung, Maschinenrichtung

I —

Direzione macchina, senso longitudinale

F —

Sens du papier, sens de fabrication

R -

HanpaBJieHHe npoflOJibHoe, ManwHHoe

238

Machine-Made Paper

Paper made on a paper machine in contrast with handmade paper. It is classified in terms of its use, e.g., newsprint, book, text, bond, offset and coated paper. It is also called continuous paper. S —

Papel continue

G —

Papier, maschinengefertigtes

I —

Carta a macchina

F —

Papier

R -

Eyuara ΜΘΠΙΗΗΗΟΓΟ προκβΒΟΛΟΤΒβ

239

Machine Sewing

la machine

The operation of sewing a book by mechanical means rather than by hand. S —

Cosido a m quina

G —

Maschinenheftung

I -

Cucitura a macchina

F —

Cousu-machine, cousu

R -

ΙΙΙατΒβ

240

Marbled Edge

la machine

Veined or mottled coloring on the edges of a book in imitation of marble. 76

Mending

S -

Corte jaspeado

G —

Marmorschnitt

I —

Bordo marmorizzato, taglio marmorizzato

F -

Tranche marbree, tranche jaspee

R -

Oöpee upavopHHii

241

Marbled Paper

244

Paper that has had a colored pattern put on one surface by the process of marbling, which is the art of veining a surface by floating colors on size in a design and transferring the colored design to paper. S —

Papel rnarmol

G —

Marmorpapier

I —

Carta marmorizzata

F -

Papier marbre

R -

Byuara MpawopHaH

242

Margin

The area of a page between the printed, written, or illustrative matter and the edges of the leaf. S -

Margen

G -

Plattenrand, Einschlag, Rand

I —

Margine

F -

Marge

R -

Ilojie

243

Mechanical Wood Pulp

See Pulp

244

Mending

The minor restoration of a book with no replacement of any material or the separation of the text block from its case or covers, e.g., torn pages and sections. 77

245

Mezzotint

S -

Repaso

G —

Ausflicken, Flicken

I —

Piccolo restauro

F —

Reparer

R -

PewoHT

245

Mezzotint

l. A method of engraving on a copper or steel plate by scraping or polishing parts of a roughened surface so that an impression of light and shade can be made. 2. An engraving or print produced by this technique. S —

Mezzotinto o a la manera negra

G -

Mezzotinto (1), Schabkunst (1), Schabkunstblatt (2)

I —

Mezzatinta

F -

Graver

R —

Meuuo-ΤΜΗτο; Manepa tiepHaH; HewaTb rvry OKas

246

Millboard

la maniere noire (1), gravure

la maniere noire (2)

See Board

247

Miniature

See Illumination

248

Mitering

In binding, the joining of the edges of covering material that has been turned in at the edges of the book. S —

Biselado

G —

Gehrung

I —

Allineamento

F -

Biseaute

R —

ΠΟΛΓΜΟ Kpaee ΟΚΛΘΑΚΜ

78

Muslin

249

251

Mold-Made Paper

Paper produced mechanically in a mold to resemble hand-made paper (q.v.). A distinguishing feature from hand-made paper is that the deckle-edge (q.v.) in mold-made paper is more sharply defined. S —

Papel seudo verjurado

G —

Maschinenb ttenpapier

I —

Carta a mano-macchina

F R -

Papier verge la machine MMMTSUM py^nofi oyuarw

250

Mounting Board

A board of all-rag fibers or acid-free chemical wood pulp used for mounting works of art on paper. S -

Carton para montaje

G -

Montagekarton, Aufziehkarton

I -

Cartone per montaggio

F —

Carton de montage

R —

ΚβρΤΟΗ ΚΛΛ MOHTHpOBSHMa

251

Muslin

A plain woven cotton fabric, made in various qualities ranging from coarse to sheer. For use in bookbinding, it is usually sized, starched, or glued to reduce stretching or shrinkage. S —

Muselina

G —

Musselin

I —

Mussola

F -

Mousseline

R -

79

252

Neat's-Foot OH

252

Neat's-Foot Oil

A pale yellow, fatty oil produced by boiling the feet and shin bones of cattle and other animals. It is used in the preparation of some leather dressings. S —

Aceite de pata de buey

G -

Klauen l

I —

Colla cervioni

F -

Huile de pied de boeuf

R -

Macjio KoniiTHoe

253

Needle

The long, slender, round steel instrument pointed at one end with an eyelet at the other through which the thread passes. Used in sewing books in handbinding. S -

Aguja

G -

Nadel

I -

Ago

F —

Aiguille

R -

ΜΓΛΘ

254

Needling Out

In document repair, a process whereby repair paper is shaped before being applied to a document. The repair paper and document are dampened, and the repair paper is placed over the document on a light table (q.v.). The repair paper is traced with a needle-point to mark the required shape before being torn carefully along the line of the mark. S -

Punteo

G -

Markieren mit Nadelstichen

I —

Sagomatura

F —

Comblage par tra9age a Taiguille

R -

ΠΟΛΓΟΤΟΒΚβ ΒΟΠΟΜΟΓΘΤβΛΒΗΟβ ΟγΜΘΓΜ ΑΛΗ

OTcyTCTBy»mnx 80

One On And One Off

255

258

Nipping

The process of reducing the swell of a book caused by the sewing. A "nipping press" is used for this operation; it is used in applying quick and uniform pressure. This type of press does not release its pressure until the screw is turned. S —

Prensado del lomo

G -

Einpressen

I —

Battitura del dorso

F —

Mise en presse

R -

OÖXHM Kopemxa

256

Non-Aqueous Deacidification

See Deacidification

257

Nylon

Generic name for a group of polyamide polymers. The polymers are crystalline and thermoplastic and are manufactured in the form of fibers, fabrics, filaments or sheets. Sheets of low fusion (polyamide) are used for lamination. S -

Nailon

G -

Nylon

I -

Nailon

F —

Nylon

R -

HeibiOH

258

One On And One Off

A hollow of paper twice the width of the back of the book, one half of which is glued to the spine, the other half is folded over the first and glued to it only along the edge. S —

Fuelle sencillo

G -

Hülse

81

259

One On And Two Off

I —

Cucitura alternata, cucitura a mezzo punto

F -

Reliure

soufflet simple

R —

259

One On And Two Off

A method of making a hollow in which a strip of paper is cut three times the width of the back of the book; the middle width is glued to the spine, the two end widths are folded over the middle and glued to each other. S -

Fuelle doble

G -

H lse

I -

Cucitura alternata, cucitura a mezzo punto

F -

Reliure

R -

ΓϋΛΙ,βθ ΛΒΟίΪΗβΗ

260

Outer Joint

soufflet double

The flexible part of the covering material on which the board opens. Also called (outer) hinge. S —

Cajo exterior

G -

Gelenk

I —

Taglio davanti

F — R —

Charniere, mors

261

Overcasting

In hand binding, when the sections with damaged folds are sewn separately and then sewn ail-along on cords or tapes. S —

Cosido a diente de perro

G —

Nadeln mit unverschlungenem

I —

Cucitura a filza

82

berwendlingsstich

Pallet

F —

Surjeter, surfiler

R -

OoueTHBSHMe; IIInTbe BTauKyj ΠΜΤΒΘ »lepee icpatf

262

Oversewing

264

In hand binding, a method of sewing books made up of single sheets, or containing sections with damaged folds, to cords or tapes on a sewing frame, which at the same time catches up previously sewn leaves or sections. S —

Cosido a diente de perro

G -

Heftung

I —

Cucitura a filza

F -

Surjet

R —

l HTbe BHBKHflKy; fflHTbe qepes Kpafi κβ ΟΠΜΒΒΛΒΗΟΜ ΟΤΘΗΚβ

263

Pagination

A system of numbers or other characters assigned to the pages of a book or manuscript to indicate their order. 'Pagination' implies that each side of a page is given an integral number or character, as distinct from 'Foliation' (q.v.). S -

Paginacion

G —

Paginierung, Seitennumerierung

I —

Paginazione

F -

Pagination

R —

ΠβΓΗΗθίίΗΗ, HyuepauMfl cTpaHHn

264

Pallet

1. A finishing tool having a long narrow face bearing a line or design, and used for decorating books, usually those bound in leather. 2. A tool used for holding and heating type for lettering a book. S -

Paleta (1), componedor para dorar (2)

G -

Filete (1), Schriftkasten (2)

83

265

Paper

I —

Paletta (1), compositore a caratteri mobili (2)

F -

Palette (1), composteur (2)

R —

DIpMTKacca, ΠΙΤΡΜΧΟΒΚΒ

265

Paper

In general, all types and categories of matted or felted sheets of fiber formed on a fine screen from a water suspension. S -

Papel

G —

Papier

I -

Carta

F -

Papier

R -

Byiiara

266

Paper Binding

A book bound with a paper cover. S —

Encuadernacion en rustica

G -

Weichbroschur, Heft

I —

Legatura alia rustica, brossura

F —

Reliure plein papier

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβτ

267

Paper Cutter

yMaxHHM

Any machine or device used to divide a sheet or sheets of paper or board into smaller sizes, for squaring paper or board, or for trimming the edges of a book. S -

Cizalla

G —

Papierschneidemaschine, Papiermesser

I -

Tagliatrice

F -

Cisaille

R —

Mannraa oywaropeaajibHa

84

Parchment

268

271

Paper Splitting

The process of reinforcing paper by splitting the sheet into two layers, and inserting a sheet of tissue or other reinforcing material. The layers are then re-joined by adhesive. S -

Exfoliacion del papel

G —

Papierspalten

I —

Sfaldatura della carta

F -

Dedoublage

R —

PacmenjieHMe

269

Paper Stock

See Pulp

270

Papyrus

A tall water plant (Cyperus papyrus) of the sedge family native to the region of the Nile, the pith of which was used to make a writing material by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. S —

Papiro

G -

Papyrus

I -

Papiro

F —

Papyrus

R -

IIannpyc

271

Parchment

A translucent or opaque material made from the wet, limed, and unhaired skins of sheep, goats, or similar small animals, by drying at room temperature under tension on wooden frames. S —

Pergamino

G -

Pergament

I —

Pergamena

85

272

Parchment Size

F -

Parchemin

R -

IlepraMeH

272

Parchment Size

A resizing material made from scraps of parchment boiled in water. S -

Cola de pergamino

G —

Pergamentleim

I —

Stuccatura con pergamena

F —

Colle de parchemin

R -

fOieft nepraueHHiifi

273

Paring

The process of thinning leather by cutting away the flesh side, or bevelling the edges that are to be turned in. S -

Chiflar

G -

Sch rfen

I —

Scarnire

F —

Parer, amincir

R —

ΙΠβρφοΒθκκβ correction 273

274

Paring Knife

A knife used for paring the edges of leather to be turned over the edges of the board. The knife has its cutting edge at the end, and is ground flat on the underside and bevelled on the upper. S -

Chifla

G —

Sch rfmesser

I -

Lama scarnitrice, bistouri

F —

Couteau

R -

HOX ΙΠβρφΟΒΘΛΒΗΗίί

86

parer

Pastedown

275

278

Paring Machine

A hand-operated, power driven machine used for paring leather to the required thickness. S G I F

— — —

M quina para chiflar Sch rfmaschine Scarnitrice Machine parer

R -

MamUHB ΠΙβρφΟΒβΛΒΗβΛ

276

Paste

A soft, plastic, adhesive composition generally prepared by heating a mixture of starch and water and subsequently cooling the hydrolyzed product. S —

Engrudo

G -

Kleister

I -

Pasta

F -

Colle de p te

R -

Kjseft Kpaxuajn>HHA

277

Pasteboard

See Board 278

Pastedown

The paper attached to the inside of the board of a book after it has been covered, or when it is cased-in. S G I F

-

R -

Contraguarda Spiegel Sguardia, risguardia, controguardia Garde Φορβθΐί,

laCTb ΠρΗΚΛΘΗΒΘβΙΙβΗ Κ ΙφΗΠΙΚβ ΠβρβΠΛβΤβ

87

279

Pastel Drawing

279

Pastel Drawing

A picture drawn with a crayon made of ground coloring matter mixed with gum. Pastels come in many colors which are mixed directly on the surface of paper. S -

Dibujo al pastel

G —

Pastellmalerei

I -

Disegno a pastello

F —

Dessin au pastel

R —

ΠΘΟΤΘΛΒ

280

Perfect Binding

A method of binding by which the edges of loose sheets, which forms, the body of the book, are coated with a very flexible but strong adhesive and lined with paper, mull or other material. The book is then inserted into covers by the methods used when sections are not sewn on cords or tapes. Also called Adhesive Binding. S -

Encuadernacion a la americana

G —

Klebebindung, Lumbecken

I -

Legatura perfetta

F -

Reliure sans couture, assemblage du dos par encollage

R —

ΠβρβπΛβτ

281

Permanence

ecmse HHii, ΚΛββΗΒΐϋ

The ability of a material to last indefinitely without change. S —

Permanencia

G -

Dauerhaftigkeit, Best ndigkeit

I —

Permanenza

F —

Permanence

R -

88

pH-Value

282

284

Permanent/Durable Paper

A paper made in such a manner as to resist chemical action which may result from the impurities in the paper itself or from the environment. At the same time, it should have high initial strength with the capability of retaining it, to a high degree, despite relatively heavy use. S —

Papel permanente/durable

G -

Papier, alterungsbest ndiges

I —

Carta durevole

F —

Papier permanent

R -

Eyuara

283

pH-Indicator

A substance or device used to measure the hydrogen ion concentration, or pH, in an aqueous solution. It can be done colormetrically with certain chemical indicators or, more accurately, by potentiometric methods using electrodes. S —

indicador de pH, peachimetro

G -

pH-Indikator, pH-Messung, pH-Meter

I —

pH metro

F -

Indicateur de pH, pH-metre

R -

ρΗ-ΜΗΛΗΚθτορ; ρΗ-Μβτρ

284

pH-Value

pH is a value taken to represent the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. A logarithmic scale numbered from 0 to 14 is used with 7.0 the neutral point. Numbers higher than 7 denote alkalinity while numbers lower than 7 denote acidity. In archival work the presence of acid in inks, leather, paper, etc., can have a deleterious effect on such materials. S -

Valor de pH

G -

pH-Wert

89

285

Pigment

I -

Valore pH

F -

Valeur du pH

R -

SnaieHHe pH

285

Pigment

A natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that imparts color, as well as black and white, and is used in the manufacture of paints, printing inks, etc. A pigment is insoluble in its liquid vehicle, and imparts its color by spreading over the surface to which it is applied. S -

Pigmento

G -

Pigment

I —

Pigmento

F -

Pigment

R -

ΠΜΓΜΘΗΤ

286

Plow (Plough)

See Cutting Plow

287

Polishing Iron

A hand tool used to crush down or polish the leather covers of a book. It is made of brass or stainless steel in the shape of a wedge or round. The latter is used for covers, the former for spines. S —

Brunidor de hierro

G -

Gl ttkolben

I -

Lancetta da legatore

F —

Fer

R -

ΓΛ8£ΗΛΙ>ΗΗΚ;

288

Polyamide

See Nylon

90

polir

Preservation (Archival and Library Material)

289

291

Polyethylene Film

A translucent thermoplastic material prepared by polymerizing ethylene at high pressure and temperature in the presence of oxygen. In sheet form it is used for lamination of documents in lieu of cellulose acetate or for encapsulation. S —

Lamina de polietileno

G —

Polyethylenfolie

I —

Pellicola di polietilene

F —

Feuille de polyethylene

R —

ΠΛβΗΚΘ ΠΟΛΜβΤΜΛΘΗΟΒβΑ

290

Post Binder

A form of loose-leaf binder with screw posts which hold punched leaves in place. S —

Encuadernacion de tornillos

G —

Bindung mit Schrauben, starre

I -

Filza

F —

Reliure

R -

ΠβρβΠΛΘΤ C SQ EHMOM

291

Preservation (Archival and Library Material)

vis

The prevention or delay of deterioration of and damage to archival and library material through appropriate environmental controls and/or treatment. S -

Preservacion

G -

Konservierung

I —

Conservazione

F —

Preservation

R —

KoHcepsamui; CoxpaHHOCTb

91

292

Pressing Board

292

Pressing Board

A flat board of solid or laminated wood, used to hold and obtain even pressure on books when these are put in a press. S —

Tabla para prensar

G -

Pressbrett

I -

Cartone da pressa

F R -

Ais ocica ΑΛΖ npeccoBaHHs

293

Pressure-Sensitive Tape

Strips of paper, plastic, etc., opaque or transparent, coated or impregnated on one side or both with an adhesive that adheres when pressure is applied. The use of pressure-sensitive tape is not generally recommended for archival and library conservation. S —

Cinta autoadhesiva

G -

Selbstklebeband

I —

Nastro autoadesivo

F —

Ruban adhesif, b nde adhesive

R -

Λβκτβ ΚΛΘΘΒΘΗ, ΛΗΠΚΘΑ

294

Print

A copy (reproduction) of a drawing, photograph, etc., done by any printing process. The term is generally applied to an etching, engraving, mezzotint, etc. S —

Impresion

G -

Druck

I —

Stampa

F —

Estampe, gravure

R —

Οτπβτιβτοκ

92

Punch

295

297

Pulling

The process of reducing a bound book to individual sections, or a book in sheets to loose leaves. S —

Desmontaje

G —

Auseinandernehmen

I

—

Smontaggio

F —

Demontage

R —

Paa opica ΚΗΜΧΗΟΓΟ ΟΛΟΚΘ; Paa pomDpoBica

296

Pulp

The mechanically and/or chemically prepared mixtures obtained from wood or vegetable fibers to be used in the manufacture of paper and board. Stock is the paper pulp which has been beaten and refined, treated with sizing, color, filler, etc., and which after dilution is ready for sheet or web formation. S G I F R

-

297

Pulpa Zellstoffbrei Polpa Pate KejtJUDJioaa; Macca ΒΟΛΟΚΗΜΟΤΒΗ Punch

A device or machine for making holes in paper, etc. S —

Punzon

G —

Punze, Stanze

I

—

Punzone

F —

Ροΐηςοη

R —

ΠροοοϋΗΜΚ

93

298

Quarter Binding

298

Quarter Binding

A binding in which the spine and a small part of the sides (usually one-eighth the width of the boards) are covered with one material, while the rest of the boards is covered with another. S —

Encuadernacion media pasta, encuadernacion holandesa cuarto

G -

Halbband

I -

Mezza legatura, legatura in quarto

F -

Demi-reliure

R -

ΠβρβΠΛβΤ ΚΟΜΟΜΗΟρΟΒΘΗΗΗϋ

299

Rag Paper

Paper made from a high rag content, especially cotton rags. S -

Papel de trapo

G —

Hadernpapier

I -

Carta di stracci

F —

Papier de chiffon

R -

Byuara

300

Raised Band

A cord or thong, on which the sections of a book are sewn, which is not recessed into the back of the book. As a result it shows clearly when the book is covered. S —

Nervios

G -

Bund, erhabener

I —

Rialzo, nervatura

F —

Nerfs

R -

BHHT pejibe