The Place-Names of Cardiganshire 9781841716664, 9781841716671, 9781841716688, 9781841716657, 9781407320250

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BAR  379 (I)  2004   WMFFRE   THE PLACE-NAMES OF CARDIGANSHIRE

The Place-Names of Cardiganshire Volume I

Iwan Wmffre

BAR British Series 379 (I) B A R

2004

The Place-Names of Cardiganshire Volume I

Iwan Wmffre

BAR British Series 379 (I) 2004

Published in 2016 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR British Series 379 (I) The Place-Names of Cardiganshire. Volume I © I Wmffre and the Publisher 2004 The author's moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781841716664 (Volume I) paperback ISBN 9781841716671 (Volume II) paperback ISBN 9781841716688 (Volume III) paperback ISBN 9781841716657 (Volume set) paperback ISBN 9781407320250 (Volume set) e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781841716657 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by Archaeopress in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 2004. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2016.

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THE PLACE-NAMES OF CARDIGANSHIRE

IWANWMFFRE

Yn yr enwau cei rinwedd, a gweli di 'r golud sy 'n gorwedd ymysg hanesion bonedd a gwerin cynefin hedd. Graham Isaac

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

CONTENTS Contents Introduction Parish-number concordance Presentation of the corpus An overview of scholarly toponymic work in Wales Spelling guidelines General abbreviations Bibliography

V-Vll Vlll-lX X-Xl Xll-XVlll

.

.

XlX-XXXl

xxxii-xlix 1-lii liii-cxxx

CORPUS IS-COED 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

pp.1-17 pp. 1 8-36 pp.37-61 pp.62-85 pp.86-101 pp.l02-06 pp.l07- 1 6 pp.l l 7-47 pp. 1 48-5 5 pp. 1 56-65 pp.166-80

Aberteifi Ferwig Llangoedmor Llandygwy Aberporth Brongwyn Betwsifan Penbryn Troedrour-isa Troedrour-ucha Llandyfrrog

GWYNIONYDD 12 13 14 15 16

pp.l8 1-94 pp.l95-205 pp.206-51 pp.252-78 pp.279-84

Orllwyn Llangynllo Llandysul Llanwenog Llanwnnen

CAERWEDROS 17 18 19 20 21 22

pp.285-302 pp.303-30 pp.33 1-40 pp.34 1 -46 pp.347-54 pp.355-93

Llangrannog Llandysulio Gogo Llanllwchaearn Cei-newydd Llanina Llannarth

MEBWYNION 23

Llanbedr Pontsteffan-drefol v

pp.394-405

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

MEBWYNION (contd.) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Llanbedr Pontsteffan-wledig Ystrad Dihewyd Ciliau Aeron Sulian Llangybi Cellan Llanfair Clywedogau

pp.406- 1 4 pp.4 1 5-37 pp.438-46 pp.447-55 pp.456-60 pp.461-7 1 pp.472-85 pp.486-96

Llanddewi Brefi Caron Is-clawdd Caron Uwch-clawdd Gartheli Betwslleucu Gwynfil Llanbadarn Odyn Blaenpennal Llangeitho Nantgwnllau

pp.497-540 pp.54 1 -66 pp.567-86 pp.587-93 pp.594-99 pp.600-05 pp.606- 1 3 pp.6 1 4-24 pp.625-39 pp.640-56

Trefilan Cilcennin Llanddewi Aberarth Aberaeron Henfynyw Llanbadam Trefeglwys Llansantfred Llanrhystud Anhuniog

pp.657-63 pp.664-74 pp.675-87 pp.688-94 pp.695-702 pp.703-22 pp.723-39 pp.740-52

Llanrhystud Myfenydd Llanddeinoel Llanychaearn Llangwrddon Llanilar Lledrod-isa Lledrod-ucha Gwnnwys-isa Gwnnwys-ucha Ysbyty Y stwyth

pp.753-64 pp.765-72 pp.773-82 pp.783-96 pp.797-8 1 4 pp.8 1 5-28 pp.829-38 pp.839-48 pp.849-63 pp.864-84

PENNARDD 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 ANHUNIOG 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 MYFENYDD 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Vl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

CREUDDYN 60 61 62 63 64

Llanafan Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-isa Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-isa

pp.885-94 pp.895-929 pp.930-45 pp.946-56 pp.957-72

Aberystwyth Llanbadam-fawr Llangorwen Faenor-ucha Parsel-canol Melindwr Cwmrheidol Trefeurig

pp.973-95 pp.996- 1 002 pp. 1 003- 1 2 pp.l0 1 3-20 pp.l02 1-2 8 pp.l029-43 pp. 1 044-72 pp.ll73-97

PERFEDD 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

GENAU'RGLYN 73 74 75 76 77 78

Tinnynach Genau' rglyn Borth Ceulan-a-Maesmor Llangynfelyn Ysgubor-y-coed

pp.l098- 1 1 07 pp.ll08-22 pp.ll23-28 pp.ll29-57 pp.ll58-73 pp.ll74-90

Llandydoch-drefol (Penbont) Llandydoch-drefol (Abi) Llandydoch-wledig

pp.1 1 9 1-98 t>P-1 1 99- 1 20 1 pp. 1 202-20

CEMAIS 79 80 80

pp.l22 1 -99 pp.l300-5 1 pp.l352- 1 403

Hydronyms Macrotoponyms Place-name index

Vll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Welsh place-names. It happened (through unforeseen circumstances, whilst waiting for my acceptance to the

INTRODUCTION

University ofWales, Aberystwyth) that I found myself living in Tregaron with time to spare in the academic

Synopsis In

assemble

this

work,

information

year

1982-83, and quite innocently began compiling a of Cardiganshire place-names. I say quite innocently because little did I imagine at that time that list

I have endeavoured to that will satisfy linguists,

what began as a little hobby would become an all­

historians and geographers alike. The corpus of Cardiganshire place-names contains some

encompassing quest to understand the development

15,000

and history of this section of the earth, to delineate

headwords. Each headword is followed by a location

"the web of cross-references that Time, the old spider,

by grid-reference and when possible by a notation of

has spun across Cardiganshire", to paraphrase Tim

pronunciation in phonetic script, by historical forms,

Robinson's comments

and often by a discussion of etymologies. This work is primarily meant to be a record of the location, age,

Needless to say the methods and aims

pronunciation and explanation of place-names in the county of Cardiganshire in Wales: the names being

refined.

I began with type-written lists, but converted (WordStar) in late 1987 (I was- or so I was subsequently told- the first student the data into computer form

parish headings. Some introductory chapters detail the mode of presentation and spelling guidelines, as

to buy a computer from Aberystwyth University's

well as giving an overview of the development of

much material that research

Genesis of this work

Owen

I was younger, living in

was

so recently abandoned that the wallpaper was still

proved

to

plan

section

ready as

the

Welsh

be

the

academic

of research.

dealing

with

most

Under his

the

phonetic

an MPhil,

but having been

1991 a dialect collector for the Survey of

Studies of the University of Wales) - a post which held, with breaks, until

I awoke to the fact that many of these

1997

-

I

I

was able to travel

almost the length and breadth of Welsh-speaking

places had names which were becoming forgotten,

Wales and acquire a deeper and wider knowledge of

even in the locality. The second reason was due to

all aspects of Welsh dialeCts. This experience refined

the dialect recording activities of Humphrey Lloyd

my appraisal of dialectal variation in Cardiganshire,

Humphreys - my father - amongst Breton speakers

enabling me to set the information

in Brittany. Through frequent dealings with Breton

I had already

amassed in a wider all-Wales context. Of course, the

speakers he had begun a systematic collection of the

finishing of my thesis was held back as

local Breton pronunciations of place-names in a large

I had to digest

all this new information. Developments in computer

transcription

technology also held me back as

(these pronunciation lists, though completed by

data yet again to

1980, sadly still remain unpublished). The contrast

I had to convert my

Wordfor Windows in late 1993- but,

for the first time,

between Breton and official versions of place-names

I was able to type in phonetic I had grossly

characters. It is not difficult to see that

is greater than which exists in Wales and it is here

underestimated the amount work that needed to be

of the importance of

done

traditional pronunciation of place-names as a basic

when

I

embarked

on

the

collection

of

Cardiganshire place-names. The thesis was finally

tool in the elucidation of their meaning, and carried

presented and accepted in 1998, with a section on the

out my first interviews for place-name pronunc­

development of dialects in southern Wales to the

iations with informants from the parishes of Gourin and Langonnet in Brittany about

at

Alan R. Thomas (a project of the Board of Celtic

sergeant, in the history of these places, and it is due

aware

so

Welsh Dialect Phonology under the direction of Prof.

by the interest of Owen Lake, now a retired police

made

then

appointed in

hanging on their walls. This interest was sharpened

was

doing

notation of place-names took its final shape. The work

mountain range east of the Teifi valley, and early on

I

finally

to my

direction the

became interested in the many ruined houses, some

that

Jones,

sympathetic

Llanbedr, and later Tregaron, I would walk the

IPA

degree,

Department of Swansea University, where Dr. Robert

My interest in place-names had its genesis

area of central western Brittany in

1987 I had amassed so I considered registering for a

computer department). By

academic toponymic work in Wales.

to him that

I had

at the beginning changed or, rather, became more

arranged mainly in alphabetical order under civil­

in two different areas. When

[1990: 1] upon the impulse that

motivated his mapping of Conamara in Ireland.

present-day which has been published separately as

1980. However my I believe

2003 Language and Place-names in Wales: the

time in Brittany was relatively short, and

Evidence of Toponymy (Cardiff University of Wales

that it was in

1982 that it was first suggested- by the Breton toponymist Jean-Marie Ploneis - that I study

Press), as well as the place-name lists of Cardiganshire which form the present work. Moreover I had amassed V111

The Place-names ofCardiganshire so much material when compiling my thesis that I was not able to present another large section discussing place-name elements. However I hope to publish this section at a later date under the title Welsh Place-name Elements.

gathering a corpus with references. Strict adherence to reference to the original documentation for each form constitutes a stronger argument if one has in mind a toponymical project carried out by a group of people, nevertheless, it is my opinion that we should generally relegate double-checking of the original documents to a secondary stage of toponymic inquiry (except where suspect or key-forms occur). The enormity of the undertaking, of which I became more aware as the work advanced meant that I increasingly felt that I was reaching the point of diminishing returns. As A Mawer & F. M Stenton [1925b: viii] pointed out in the introduction to the first county volume of the English Place-Name Society in 1925: "[problems] might have been brought nearer defmite solution had it been possible to pursue special and detailed lines of investigation. Such investigations would however delay indefinitely the publication of the Society's volumes effectively stopping what is after all most urgently needed for the solution of these and other problems, viz. the speedy publication of early and reliable material on which alone safe and certain conclusions can in the end be based." I too have preferred a wide appreciation of the problem rather than giving definitive solutions to smaller fields of research. Despite any imperfections (of which the failure to pursue further oral enquiries is for me the most obvious) I feel fairly satisfied that I have achieved to a large extent what I had aimed at. It is now time to present the work accomplished and leave others to answer questions that remain: as with all research any conclusions reached may have to be modified if new evidence presents itself

Further research This work on Cardiganshire place-names by no means constitutes a definitive collection of the place-names of the county, much documentation remains to be investigated, especially from manuscript and newspaper sources, as well as oral enquiries which were not pursued as I would have wished, due to lack of time and means. G. 0. Pierce [1990] has recommended as methodology that: "Particular care should be taken to ensure complete accuracy in the transcription of name­ forms from manuscript sources. Whilst the use of calendars and schedules of document collections in repositories is permissible for convenience in recording, it is essential that the documents in which the name-forms which are eventually selected for citation as evidence occur are carefully examined and the name-form transcribed by the investigator. It is the case, unfortunately, that some schedules of deposited documents, in local repositories particularly, contain inaccurately transcribed place-name forms. Others are abbreviated calendar entries in which full lists of properties included in extents, rent-rolls, estate surveys etc. are not supplied. Similarly, in printed calendars of state documents and the like, together with the indexes of such volumes, spellings of place-names may be modernised. In such publications, particular attention should be paid to the �troductmy comment of the compiler where the policy concerning the method of transcription and/or modernisation of the orthography of place-names is normally stated. If the latter is the case, and in any matter of doubt, the original document should be thoroughly scrutinised." Whilst G. 0. Pierce is wholly correct this mode of double-checking, if carried out rigorously, would make an already burdensome task of gathering a corpus impossible for most. Lack of time at my disposal meant that I would not have found it possible to achieve the synthesis that is my work had I checked each 'scheduled' form so rigorously. Nevertheless I felt mention of this desiderata would give a timely reminder of how easy it is for us to misperceive features of the actual orthography of a given period. My recommendation for would-be toponymists, is to check those 'scheduled' forms that seem suspicious, but otherwise to concentrate on lX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

PAruSH/NUMBERCONCORDANCE These refer to the civil-parishes of Cardiganshire I Ceredigion between 1951 and 1987. Where civil-parishes are territorially divided they are separatedly listed. They are numbered in a roughly south to north, and in a west-to-east progression, excepting 79 to 8 1 which were, historically, part of Pembrokeshire. Their commotal affiliation affects the order. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Aberteifi Ferwig Llangoedmor Llandygwy Aberporth Brongwyn Betwsifan Penbryn Troedrour-ucha Troedrour-isa Llandyfr'iog Orllwyn

Llangynllo Llandysul Llanwenog Llanwnnen Llangrannog Llandysulio Gogo Llanllwchaearn Cei-newydd Llanina Llannarth Llanbedr Pontsteffan-drefol Llanbedr Pontsteffan-wledig Ystrad Dihewyd Ciliau Aeron Sulian Llangybi Cellan Llanfair -Clywedogau Llanddewi-Brefi Caron Is-clawdd Caron Uwch-clawdd Gartheli Betwslleucu Gwynfil Llanbadam Odyn Blaenpennal Llangeitho Nantgwnllau

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

Treflian Cilcennin Llanddewi Aberarth Aberaeron Henfynyw Llanbadam Trefeglwys Llansantfred Llanrhystud Anhuniog Llanrhystud Myfenydd Llanddeinoel Llanychaearn Llangwrddon Llanilar Lledrod-isa Lledrod-ucha Gwnnwys-is a Gwnnwys-ucha Y sbyty Y stwyth Llanafan Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-isa Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-is a Aberystwyth Llanbadam-fawr Llangorwen Faenor-ucha Parsel-canol Melindwr Cwmrheidol Trefeurig Tirmynach Genau 'rglyn Borth Ceulan-a-Maesmor Llangynfelyn Ysgubor-y-coed Llandydoch-drefo1 (Penbont) Llandydoch-drefol (Abi) Llandydoch-wledig

X

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

Fig.l: Cardiganshire Civil-Parishes and Commotes

Xl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

PRESENTATION OF THE CORPUS

Allen in Scotland, G. Broderick for Man, M. Madeg in Brittany.

Problems of presentation

My presentation

Presenting the real complexity of a web of place-names in a given territory is open to many different and subjective methods. No unique standard form of presentation is likely to establish itself as the varying approaches and demands of each researcher will dictate a diff ering presentation. The only demand a reader can expect from a book on toponymy is that it describes clearly the mode of presentation adopted and then keeps to it. This I shall give below. Had Cardiganshire been an English county my research would no doubt have given as reference the mode of presentation of the volumes of the English Place-name Society, and until the appearance of B. G. Charles's two volumes on The Place-names of Pembrokeshire in 1992 Wales had no comparable published county surveys of its place-names (it should be kept in mind that my mode of presentation was long-established by the time). I have studied and carefully compared the modes of presentation and, indeed, aims of my work with those of my predecessors in a forthcoming work to be entitled Welsh Place-name Elements. The theses that dealt earlier with the place-names of whole counties (Anglesey, Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire) date from no later than the 1930s, and do not constitute exhaustive studies but treat of 'main' and 'interesting' place-names, whilst those published place-name volumes of Wales comparable to the English Place-name Society volumes G. 0. Pierce (1968), H. W. Owen (1994) do not treat whole counties. 1 Furthermore, since all three published academic books above (Pierce, Owen, Charles) deal with areas which have a strong English presence in the toponymy, whereas, in contrast, Cardiganshire is a totally Welsh area I feel justified in diverging quite markedly in some instances - from some of the conventions adopted by them. Those new conventions of presentation that I have adopted, when not my own solutions, are derived from or are in agreement with the work of toponymists from the other Celtic ?ountries and date from the last 20 years such as B. 0 Ciobhan in Ireland, A Watson & E.

In a general manner I have endeavoured to produce a place-name dictionary for Cardiganshire comparable to the county volumes of the English Place-Names Society and following the recommend­ ations set out by G. 0. Pierce (1990). Nevertheless, my primary aim was to register in a methodical and exhaustive way, 'all' the locatable place-names in the county (with the exception of the myriad field-names). The directory is ordered in this fashion: place­ names are grouped alphabetically in separate lists: • The main list is of habitations, followed by a list of hodonyms (i.e. urban names),2 and then by a list of geonyms (i.e. natural - and other features).3 These lists are presented under each civil-parish or geographically-separate portion of a civil­ parish. Accordingly both Troedrour and Llandydoch-drefol are subdivided in my directory. In establishing the alphabetical sequence, both the Welsh and English articleswhether initial or medial - have been ignored). 4 2 Doubtlessly, had I been occupied with the place­ names of industrialised and urbanised part of south-eastern Wales the presentation of the street-names might have been somewhat different. There is probably much to be said for placing street-names "under the heading of the name of the town or city with a suitable bracketed indication, e. g. Cardiff (street-names)." [ 1 990 G. O. Pierce: 4]. This seems ftne, however, there might be conflict between the extent of the parish and the extent of a town or city. 3 It is impossible to make a clear distinction between natural features and habitations in the case of long-dilapidated forts from the Iron-Age, and more recently dilapidated castles, such as those of Aberteifi and Aberystwyth. I have decided only to consider medieval stone castles as habitations; all other fortifications, artificial earthen-banks, tumuli, rabbit warrens, standing stones etc, are treated as natural features. Natural features consist mainly of oronyms (names of mountains and hills), thalassonyms (names of the sea), bionyms (names of vegetation).

-

-

1

H. W. Owen is working on other volumes that will fmally cover all of Flintshire which, with its 663km2, is the smallest of the traditional Welsh counties ( c£ Cardiganshire's 1792km2).

4 The terms afon and nant are ignored unless they are an integral part of a hydronym. G. G. Evans, in his list ofMontgomeryshire hydronyms [ 1 985: 80], Xll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

�

•

5

In Cardiganshire there are 77 civil-parishes. It must be noted that these are the civil-parishes that existed statutorily before the 1st of April 1974. The use of civil-parishes of this date has also been recommended by G. 0. Pierce [ 1 990: 1 ], though I am now tending to the view that it is the 'historical' parishes that existed between 1536 and the mid nineteenth century that constitute the best local administrative unit base (with an optional use of subdivisions in the cases of overlarge parishes). The county of Cardiganshire - Ceredigion since 1974 - is that which existed since 1889, when those parts of the parish of Llandydoch that were in the borough of Aberteifi were incorporated into the county. The boundary has since not changed even when it was demoted to the status of district within the county of Dyfed between 1974 and 1996. Lost names. These are place-names that once existed within a manor, a parish, or a county. In my work they are only noted when deemed relevant (i.e. for historical purposes or to confirm a semantic or phonetic point). They were not initially considered by me to come under my brief of 'exhaustive' research, and I now believe this to be a major fault in my work (but a fault that became apparent to me too late for me to begin an exhaustive listing of these names).s Starting anew I would recommend that these, when not microtoponyms, be collected methodically, and placed in a section after the abovementioned lists under their respective parish heading. When the name cannot be located to within a single parish adopted, a general list of 'lost names' should be appended to the corpus. Microtoponyms. This useful term, borrowed from French toponymists, is a handy heading under which to classify all minor place-names, e.g. field-names, pool-names, road-names etc. They are only noted when deemed relevant and are placed at the end of each civil-parish list.

Field-names will often be attributed to particular farms, this association will have been gleaned from either eighteenth and nineteenth century maps, or oral transmission. The lapse of time and the entailing inevitable change mean that this method of locating is not absolutely objective but is sometimes the most practical mode of locating. When I could I have given a 6-figure grid­ reference. Field-names have not been considered by me to come under my brief of 'exhaustive' research. Street-names, and names of public squares (listed as hodonyms ) can be deemed microtoponyms, due to their subordination to the village or town. Except for old street-names, I have only noted them sparingly, since before 1800 Aberteifi and Aberystwyth were the only towns of any size in Cardiganshire. The civil-parishes themselves are classified in a rough south-to-north order by commote. In Cardiganshire there are ten commotes, and these are also arranged in a rough south-to-north progression. 6 A qualification: commote and civil­ parish boundaries do not always correspond. I have followed W. Rees (1951) without question as to the boundaries of commotes and have allotted the civil-parishes to a particular commote as best as I could, even when a parish straddles two commotes. Western Europe's common historical heritage means that parallel classifications can be made. For civil-parish (now community) in Wales, read civil-parish in England; commune in France; township within the civil-parish in Ireland (see 1985 B. 6 Ciobhain xxvi-xxix). For commote in Wales, read hundred in England, canton in France, barony in Ireland. In Wales a case can be made to have communities listed alphabetically under hundreds. These administrative boundaries, comparable to the earlier commotes, have been used (see 1953 G. 0. Pierce) as headings in a toponymic survey (but the census takers of 1841 [ 1 841Ab cens. : 5] noted the inconvenience of using hundreds for enumeration purposes: "Indeed, had the present census been the frrst occasion of taking a census of the population we might have been disposed to disregard these divisions, and retain only that of parishes and counties; a considerable inconvenience often arises from portions of parishes being situated in two hundreds."). In parts of Wales away from the 'Pura Wallia' core where the old commotal ,

•

failed to distinguish whether these elements constituted an integral part of a hydronym or not. Those names that I did not manage to locate were collected by me - though not in a totally comprehensive fashion - in one list of unlocated place-names. For those who would wish to see it I intend to deposit this list, as well as my working maps with the National Library of \Vales.

6

Xlll

This generally agrees with the ordering of the material advocated in M. Gelling [ 1 973 : xx].

The Place-names ofCardiganshire boundaries have been tampered with, hundreds may serve as better headings for groups of parishes. But it must also be remembered that the extent of many hundred boundaries are unclear at the present time. W. Rees ( 1951) gave a very unreliable tracing as far as the Cardiganshire hundreds were concerned, probably based on the widely erring lines on John Speed's map of the county ( 16 10). Cardiganshire's hundreds are awkward for reasons of shape and size, while the ten commotes of the county do have a certain symmetry and consistency. This reason led me to prefer using commotes to hundreds in this present work dealing with Cardiganshire. • Names that cannot be adequately classified under a civil-parish heading as they cover too large an expanse of ground are allocated thus: 1) Water-courses are also listed alphabetically under a separate heading, viz. hydronyms. I restrict the term hydronym to water-courses because these so often act as civil-parish boundaries as well as transgressing the territory of many civil-parishes: most lakes, on the other hand, lie within one civil-parish and can thus be treated as a geonym. 2) The name of the county, some of its administrative divisions, regions, mountain ranges etc, that cannot be listed under parish headings, are listed alphabetically under a separate heading, viz. macrotoponyms. For ease of reference all the civil-parishes are numbered 1-81 (see page x), following a rough south-to-west and north-to-east progression, whilst also respecting their commotal affiliations by numbering them continuously within one cornrnote at the time. For reference purposes a number in brackets - viz. (0) following a place-name refers to the civil­ parish list under which fuller references to the place­ name will be found, and a more precise classification of the nature of the name will be given by the letters a to e: • (0-a) signifies a habitation, e.g. Graigwen (32-a). • (0-b) signifies a geonym, meaning a natural feature (thus, for example, Graigwen (32-a) refers to the dwelling of Graigwen in the civil-parish of Llanddewi Brefi, whilst Graigwen (32-b) refers to the adjoining rock). • (0-c) signifies a hodonym (a street or urban name, i.e. that of a street or square), e.g. Heolfair (l-c). • (d) signifies a hydronym, e.g. Teifi (d). • (e) signifies a macrotoponym, these may be to be associated specifically or correctly with a civil-

parish number, and will in such cases be noted simply with the letter, e.g. Mynydd-bach (e).

Presentation of entries All individual place-names given headwords will be treated as outlined below, agreeing sometimes with the method generally adopted by the English Place-name Society (EPNS) volumes and sometimes disagreeing. Here is one example of the arrangement of an entry (the encircled numbers corresponding to the following headings):

0Tyngaer -(8SN 652-63 1)[8tyddyn +y+ caer]; [Otm'ga:r M. James] 0Tir als Tythin y Gaer 1662 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Gair 1683 Crosswood MSS, Ty'n y Gaer 1766sur map, Ty yn y Gare 1772 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Gar 1781sur map, Tyn y Car 1792PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer 1799PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer OOS1 819, Tan-y-gaer 0Sc.l 830, Tan-y-gaer OS1891, Tyngaer 1967 E. Jones p . 78 0Part of an ancient tenement called Castellfflemis [ 1683 Crosswood MSSJ. 0

8

0

-

7

XIV

Headword. This is cross-referenced in the place­ name index. For the form of the headword, see the next chapter on the spelling guidelines adopted. A National Grid reference number. This is to enable quick pinpointing on a map (usually a 6figure grid-reference; though an 8-figure grif­ references may be considered more suitable for pinpointing some features, and a 4-figure grid­ references, or an even more general direction for larger features). 7 Lexical breakdown of each place-name. This will be shown thus: (pen+y +bryn] Due to the preponderance of Welsh in the county, Welsh will be assumed to be the language referred to. English place-names will be preceded by E., e.g. [E. castle +hill] The lexical breakdown will be done through the use of dictionary forms of present-day We1sh words, which is the usual practice with Welsh toponyms. Because English is such a late arrival in Cardiganshire, and names of Middle English origin are to be counted on the fingers of two hands, I have decided to give the lexical breakdown of English place-names in dictionary forms of present-day English. In the few places Should this not prove enough for researchers interested in particular place-names, the working maps I used whilst carrying out my research have been deposited at the National Library of Wales (reference NLW ATLAS Oversize 3 62 02917112).

The Place-names ofCardiganshire 0

where the English name can be traced to before

1536, the Old English forms will be given, following the usual EPNS convention, preceded

the

by OE., e.g.

[OE. mar+ lnycg) (rather than [E. moor+ ridge])

preceded by an abbreviation referring to that

When

forms;

or

folk­

commonly­

a change of site within

what is

(ii), (iii) etc, to defme which site is

being located, and also with commentary so that no

default or the result of the piece-meal state of

equivocation is possible as to which site is being

scholarship, we must by now accept it as a

referred to. This distinguishing of sites is particularly

Owen:

called for when treating the various sites of chapels, or

In cases of doubt, a system requiring Old

schools.

Welsh forms would be unworkable, for whereas Old English has a substantial corpus of texts, the

there is

preceded by (i),

GPC must be the arbiter. Whether tbis is by

to

Common

same building, the grid-reference may need to be

than that which appears in Modern Welsh; the

restricted

documentary

commonly accounted to be reasonable proximity of the

been the practice to use any more radical form

is

etc.

repetition. 9

I

. . . In Welsh onomastics, however, it has never

Welsh

the

treatment can be afforded, so saving needless

referring to the element in its Old English form;

Old

in

etymologies

directory of place-name elements where a fuller

established practice of English onomastics in

l.v].

viz.

conflicting

These elements can be better treated in a lexical

"With English elements, I have followed the

H. w.

elaboration,

reconciling

understood elements are generally not discussed.

language (for abbreviations see pages 1-lii).

to use any other system would be unscholarly.

needs

information;

evidence; pointing to corrupt or idiosyncratic features

still) the lexical breakdown likewise will be

[1983

interpretation

clarifying

When other languages are referred to (fewer

convenient agreed system."

Commentaries are given whenever clarification of local geography or history is needed, or where

Comments on the above categories

scrappy

documentation of glosses and fragments. Our

0

knowledge of Old Welsh being what it is, we are

hardly

justified

hypothetical

0

forms

in

referring

instead

of

back the

even when this could be justified by the existence

firm

of old-established English names of places in

foundation afforded us by present-day Welsh

Cardiganshire, such as

dictionary forms.

Cei-newydd

Cardigan,

series

distinguishers older forms which have often have

(IPA),s

no distinguisher are noted under the most likely

names

Phonetic

is

given

Alphabet

in

in

Welsh

speech,

occasionally

and

place to be older than the other. There are bound

italicisation of the phonetic form is intended to

will have to be cautious in connecting the exact location of an older form with no distinguisher to

mr'grl.vaz for

its descendants that have distinguishers. If a

'r Gilfach ('is Y Gilfach'). documentary forms,

placed

in

with

sources,

piace-name straddles

are

Trewilym, -wilim [ 1 992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvii ], or even merging them, e.g. Merthe(l)dovan [ 1 968 G. 0. Pierce: xx],

C)

two

Due to the inherently changeable nature of language there cannot be an absolutely logical, mechanical,

if

precisely

and

separately

defmed

meaning for every constituent unit of a language,

the connection of a precise form to a particular

and this is particularly true in respect of place-

source is being sought.

IP A

of

parish.

truncating documentary forms, e.g.

9 This I intend to do in my forthcoming Welsh Place­

conventions followed are explained in

Wmffre

boundaries

clear explanation that it is not exclusive to that

latest forms). I have avoided the practice of

The

the

parishes, it is placed under one of them with a

chronological sequence (earliest to

as both these practices can lead to confusion

-fawr

there is no difficulty, but with other

to be faults in ascriptions, therefore the reader

emphasise those parts of the transcription that

Old

-fach,

by

absence of objective criteria that intimate one

Welsh as opposed to an English realisation. Any

yw

connected

distinguishers the choice will be subjective in the

the

abbreviations W. or E. are prefiXed to denote a

lie outside the name proper, e.g.

names

candidate. In the case of distinguishers with

Though almost all realisations given are those found

related

=

Also in the case of a

the

International

8

Aberteifi

Newquay.

pronunciations

of

of

=

Phonetic representation of the local colloquial

followed by initials and surname of informant.

0

I have avoided any duplication of headwords,

to

name Elements.

(2003: 5-30}. XV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire names,

so

that

interpretation

of

same

particular

parish

constraints

elements in place-names can be too uniform and

is of

being

referred

time,

ownership

to.

Due was

to not

too 'literal'. Beyond giving a lexical breakdown

systematically noted in parish registers and this

of

may

each

headword,

I

have

refrained

from

have

led

to

some

faulty

equations

of

of

identical place-names - again these mistakes

particular terms change with time and place so

should be ascertainable upon following up the

that it is often impossible to discern between

sources.

explaining

the

terms

as

the

meaning

rival defmitions. I have restricted commentaries to those which refer to a plausible explanation

Dating of references

arising from the local topography or vegetation.

0

Contrary to

G.

have

always

not

0. Pierce's exhortation looked

at

the

(1990) I

Dating a particular form of a place-name is

original

not as straightforward an operation as it would first

documents, this being a matter of time and

appear. A clarillcation of the way in which I have

effort versus results. Unlike B. G. Charles [1992:

lxxxvii]

I have

not

sources

(italics)

from printed sources, agreeing

distinguished

chosen to present the dating of place-name forms

manuscript

follows: •

in this with G. 0. Pierce [1968: xx]: "Since the information given in the

Bibliography

a place-name is to use the publication date of a

Abbreviations and

document, e.g.

list is clear as to whether sources

Capel-y-Berth 1979a E.Jones p.8 1 1 1

of forms are printed or to be found in MS, no

Or

distinction is made between such sources in the lists of forms by resorting to the use of different

(c),

(col!.) , (disg.}, (desc.) Terry

James

&

Taylor, 10

•

have

and

taxable

the

meagre

amount

should

enable

any

1904, 1902,

of •

geographical

information to be ascertained quite efficiently, worthy

of

research

in

=

c.

'about') is given. An example is the

1902

and not

thus his book has been dated to circa

e.g. Penyrodyn c.1902 E. R. In

some

Horsfall-Turner p.268

documents

even

a

circa

date

is

venturesome. A good example is the work of a

whilst proprietorial information would be a subject

so a date is

of chapels which does not include some built in

toponymic work being funded. A correct grid reference

are undated,

many years later, as does his comprehensive list

to have for some place-names, noting them given

Some documents

evidence proves it was printed by

methodically may be counter-productive in time energy,

open-ended

undated book by E. R. Horsfall-Turner's, internal

values.

Whilst these are all useful pieces of knowledge

and

continuous

that these were recopied at a later date), e.g. Cnap Siny 1799PR Caron

(= circa

geographical aspect, and soil type, as well as ownership/tenancy,

of

engineered, usually from internal evidence, and

recommended a methodical noting of altitude, the

case

presentments these are dated by their annual

(for abbreviations see

Simon

the

headings (though there remains the possibility

or a following

pages 1-lii).

8&0

in

documents such as parish registers or manorial

type." The status of a particular form can be defmed by a preceding

The simplest method of dating a written form of

bard like Lewys Glyncothi, his many poems are

itself

undated, only some being datable to within a

Nevertheless, as a 'shopping list', they are all

decade. Most of his work has to be attributed to

important considerations to keep in mind when

the 'flowering of his life', from whence we get fl.

( jloruit

puzzling upon the origin of a place-name, and

=

when relevant have been incorporated into the

'flowering'). None of his work remains

that can be dated later than

editorial comment; proximity to water sources

1487

[1940 BC: 510],

and therefore - for the purposes of this study of

and the shape of particular holdings could be

place-name forms - his

usefully added to such a list. Proprietorial

flontit

is given around

1485,

information is handy when there is need to •

ascertain which of two identical names within a

e.g. 'TrefGaron' jl.1485 L.

Glyncothi in 1984 E. D. Jones p. lOl

Works known to have been composed at a certain date - most especially medieval MSS -

10

and which have only survived in a manuscript

Terry James is involved with the Carmarthenshire Place-name Survey, whilst Simon Taylor is a

11

Scottish toponymist who until recently worked

The

a

is appended to the date to distinguish that

for the School of Scottish Studies at Aberdeen

particular work from another one which the

University .

author had published that year XVI

The Place-names ofCardiganshire from a later period, have both dates, the original

preceding the symbol will stand for post, 'a short

composition date, and the date of the extant

time

manuscript, e.g. Uetus Rubus 1099(1200) Uita

Sancti Dauid p. l53

•

example

is

which

was

Lewis only

though its author died in 1765.

survived it has been gathered that the Celtic

the year'), rather than a composition date, e.g. Pennarch s.a.l236(c.1280) Cron.Wall. p.38

Remains were in their present shape shortly before his death� as a result a place-name form

When a fraction follows a particular century

emanating from this source is thus presented preceded by >, e. g. CarnDdyddgu >1765 L.

be dated to no closer than the last quarter of the 1200s or thirteenth century. I have only used

•

Morris p.77 [1990: 3] recommends that "failing all form should be preceded by n.d. for no

G. 0. Pierce

halves, thirds and quarters to divide centuries,

this" a

e.g. Keredigyawn 1300% Mabinogi (WB) p.27

date. However I believe it would be criminally imprecise to give n.d. for a form of clearly

If a certain document dates to about the turn of

twentieth century origin as well as to another of

any century (we shall take the turn of the

clearly medieval origin. I cannot conceive - on

thirteenth century as an example), it will be

the basis of cursory palaeographical grounds -

noted simply c.1200, e.g. Porthy Ffynon c.l600 L. Dwnn voLl p.l3

that one could not date a document to at least a century or two. The toponymist should always

Periods which do not correspond well enough

try to guide the reader of the book, even

to fractions of a century will be noted by limiting dates,

1878

An

Remains

From the many personal documents of his that

(=sub anna 'under

(e. g. 1200% ), this means that the document can

•

Celtic

published in

And in documents of annalistic nature the year of entry is specified by s.a.

afterwards')-13

Morris's

date is vague, such

e.g. 1287-89.12 Reigns will

noted thus:

always be denoted by the opening and closing

as

if the

with the form whose date I

Trespeher 1200-1500(c.1600). This

was from a manuscript dating to c.1600, but

years, e.g. Yr Hafdref1603-25 T. I. J. Jones (1 955) p.99 Killie Eyron 1702-14 NLW MS 763-D

which had forms clearly dating to the medieval period (which precise time it was impossible for me to tell).

This is done rather than by the convention James I or t. Anne as the latter assumes

temp. •

prior knowledge on the part of the reader.

Litnitations of the corpus

Documents dating between the first of January and twenty-frfth of March in the years up till

Documentary forms noted under the entry­

1752, will sometimes be noted thus, 1601/02.

headings

This is because up till 1752 the new-year was officially reckoned to start - in Britain, and

may

have

been

incorrectly

source. The location given can only ever be guaranteed

contrary to the continent - on the twenty-fifth

as far back as the date of the earliest extant map.

of March. The first date separated by the stroke

Aliases given to place-names in documents

is the official year of the time, while the second

are to be mistrusted, for they often are meant to

date is the 'real' year as defined by historians.

indicate that a holding had been incorporated into

These concern place-names from the sixteenth,

another, rather than being a record of a formal alias,

seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, e.g. Tuy Mawr ar lawr Cwm Berwyn 1663/64 Cwrt-mawr MSS

e.g. the adjoining

Brynhownant and Llwyndryw (33-a), Bran Hyfnant als. Llwyndriw 1769� Llwyncolfa (38-a) and Clwt-y-gaseg (an alias of Tynpant, 33-a), noted Llwyn Colfa als. Cluttie Casseg 1768 (in 1781 they were noted as forming one holding (1781sur map]); the neighbouring Penallt-hebog and Fagwyr (7-a), noted as Penyrallt als. Ffagurboeth 1853. It was specified in a 1784 document that Llety-gochen (76-a) noted

The notation 1601-02, on the other hand,

•

(headwords)

identified by me unless they were obtained from a map

would include the entirety of those two years. If a document is known to have been written a short time before or after a particular date, then the date will follow or precede the symbol > (the date following the symbol will stand for

ante, 'a short time before', and the date

was "now called Winllan and Noiadd", though both

Winllan and Neuadd are separate farms to this day; in this case we are to understand that the land that

12 Historians often note such a limiting datation by an 'x'

between

two

dates,

e.g.

1287x89,

originally pertained to

as

Llety-gochen was subdivided

opposed to a hyphen between the same dates, e.g. 1287-89, which would imply the inclusion

13 G. 0. Pierce

of each year as opposed to a vague date.

[1990: 3]

recommends a.1850 and

p.1850, rather than >1850 and 1850>. XVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire upon its demise between the two farms of Winllan and Neuadd. Sometimes we may suspect that the 'and' has been mistaken as meaning 'an alias', e.g. the unlocated Llwynbetws, was noted an alias of Frongou (47-a) in 1632 and 1633, but then, in 1680, they are noted as separate tenements (with the further confusion that Lloyne y Bettus was identified in 1603-25 as an alias of Tyr Came y Llyan, which in turn was in 1633 an alias of Pantfallen (47-a) on the opposite side of the valley from Frongou).

The location of places Whilst the majority of place-names given headwords in my corpus are to be found in cartographical sources, I have had to locate some places in spatial terms for the frrst time from oral descriptions, or sometimes from descriptions in non­ cartographical documents. I may have understood the location wrongly in the case of a few places, but I hope that any attempt to locate a place-name can be easily checked from the references to the documentary forms. I recommend future researchers to double-check any information I give as to location if a point seems debatable. The area of larger settlements are open to differing definitions, even locally, so that a place-name can be vague by nature: this is an area, more tl-.an most, which is open to subjective judgement.

Some self-criticisms l\1y chief criticism regarding my presentation assigned place-names according to post-1951 civil-parishes rather than to the traditional 'old' parishes that existed between the sixteenth and the late Pi.fleteenth century. Reassignation would have entailed not orJy changing the location of w.any place-name entries but would have also extended to the whole cross-referencing system L.� the corpus as well as in Wmffre 2003. My failure to systematically collect unlocated place-names is mentioned above (see page xiii). is tlm.t I

XVlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire The following \-Vork - though not presented as a thesis, is easily comparable to any of the others, and will thus

M� OVERVIEW OF SCHOLAP�Y

also be reviewed:

TOPONYMIC WORK IN WAL ES

1 992 PembrokesJ:1.ire

Orientation Though comments

place-names

throughout

the

ages

for

the

1 8 67

have

attracted

in the

literature

presentation, methodology; scope etc.

I also feel the need to acknowledge the

Carmarthen

following influential and scholarly books on toponymy,

Eisteddfo d

not

be solely concerned with Welsh place-names

submitted

as

theses:

1 928

J

Lloyd-Jones

(Caernarfonshire), 1 93 8 R J. Thomas (hydronyms);

[ 1 927 D.

1 946

A Evans: 1 54] .

I.

Williams

(Flintshire) , as well

Welsh toponymic studies - when one can

(oronyms); as

1 95 9

E.

Davies

Melviile Richards' s dispersed

contributions on the subject (he was the leading Welsh

justify describing works on place-names as such -

toponymist

begifl \vith J. E. Lloyd's article in the Cvmmr odor of

G.

Charles)

There is a great difference between the thesis of 1 926

(published 1 869) that was the ftrst published book to

1 892, and with E.

G.

and the latest work dating from 1 992 with regard to

concerning Wales, it is seemingly an essay by Iago Emlyn

(B.

of the twentieth century, but died in

suddenly in 1 973 before he could produce what would

Phillimore' s various notes;

indubitably have been a magnum opus).

appended to that article and in the staggered volumes of H. Owen ' s Pembrokeshire ( 1 892, 1 897, 1 906, 1 93 6).

Subsequently,

scholarly

investigation

into

Scope of studies and layout of material

Welsh place-names have mainly been in the form of theses presented to the University of \Vales. Here is a

There is

list of theses to date:

a certain amount of correlation

between the layout of material

in theses

and the scope

of the study decided upon by authors. The scope of

1 91 1 Anglesey

(E. R Jones) 1

1 926 Anglesey

(G.

1 93 1 Merionethshire

(T. H. Williams)

1 93 3 Meisgyn commote

(R

1 93 5 Ivlontgomeryshire

(D. 1v1. Ellis)

1 948 Caerwedros & Mebwynion 1 953 Dinas Powys hundred

(G. (G.

1 956 Tal-y-fan

(B. D. Harries)

1 977 Hawarden

(H.

1 980 Cwmwd Deuddwr

(I. Dafydd)

followed

1 983 Hope & Ewloe

(H. W. Owen)3

2001 northern Buellt

counties ( 1 93 3 , 1 948, 1 953, 1 95 6), which in turn seem

(G.

toponymic studies decided upon in Waies seems to

I\1. Jones)

have varied and developed, whereas in England since the 1 920s there has been a uniform, indeed almost

J. Thomas)

static, approach with the appearance of one detailed county volume after the other. 4

1\.{ Griffiths)

Prior to my thesis Wales, only had one county

0. Pierce) 2

VI/.

volume ( 1 992) comparable to the EPNS volumes. Ivlany of the earlier theses were 'vague' county-wide

Owen)3

surveys ( 1 9 1 1 , 1 926, 1 93 1 , 1 935), which were later

A. Fychan)

by

more

detailed

work

to have been followed by stu.dies

on portions

of

confwed to a

restricted number of parishes, with equal emphasis on 1

rr.icro-toponymy ( 1 977/ 1 983, 1 980, 200 1 ).

Unable to view this thesis, I win have to discount E.

R

Before

Jones ' s work from this overview. To my

k..11owledge it was neither deposited ·with the National

Library

of Wales,

nor

with

of the

1 926. I t does not deserve the appellation o f thesis by Jones' s

who graduated at Bangor in 1 908 . Judging from

study

of Anglesey

is

in

hand\-\rriting

on

exercise-book paper, furthermore the introduction is of

his articles 'Enwau llefydd �1on a'u tarddiad'

only one page and historical forms of place-names are

( 1 908), and ' Cyw.raeg J'-Aon a Chymraeg Godre

r.ardly referred to. Pages are unnumbered. It is mostly

( 1 9 1 4), his thesis

a list of place-names with translation h"1to English.

would 1-.ave been very worthy of preservation. Later published as The Place-names of Dinas

4

Pmvys Hundred ( 1 96 8). 3

points

today' s standards for it lacks critical apparatus. G. M.

the author was Evan Riclmrd Jones of .Amlwch,

2

various

names, I would like to draw attention to the thesis o f

the

University of North \Vales, Bangor. I believe

Ceredigion o chr yn ochr'

comparing

thirteen serious studies to date about Welsh place­

Though I believe that even in English toponymic circles voices are beginning to be heard criticising

Both theses merged later when published as The

some

Place-names of East Flintshire ( 1 994).

approaches

volumes. XLX

neglected

by

the

EPNS

The Place-names ofCardiganshire (grouped under hundreds)

Layout County-wide treatments are given in ( 1 9 1 1 ), ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5) and ( 1 992). ( 1 926) has one alphabetical list of all names, the "alphabetical order . . . is more convenient for reference and less confusi..fl0 a than any geographical arrangement could be."

( 1 977),

similar to the layout of the EPNS volumes.

having countywide alphabetical lists, also divided

In ( 1 93 3 ) all names (natural features and

these lists by categories:

dwellings) were listed alphabetically under the parish to which they belonged in capital type with field-names in

1 93 1

1 93 5

towns and villages

townships

lower

territorial divisions

some provincial names

mountains and hills

mountains

water-courses

water-courses

lakes

lakes

dwellings

dwellings (index only)

dissertation " [ 1 93 1 : the

'main'

2],

in

had three

the

index

in the county,

followed

( 1 93 3 )

alphabetical lists under

each township

i) dwellings and natural features iii) lost or 'doubtful' field-names

of

and (200 1 ) has a similar ordering of the material:

this

i) dwellings and natural features

ignoring

ii) field-names in tithe maps/schedules

inhabitations and field-names. This still left the author with 2,000 place-names to deal with

[ 1 935: 1 8-1 9] .

iii) field-names from other sources

The

reason for treating only 'main' place-names is given

( 1 980) had separate lists for, the parish and commote

in ( 1 93 5):

names; water-course, lake, bridge and estuary names;

"it is not necessary to go into much detail for

dwellings; and field-names.

many of the names whose meanings are quite

There is no doubt that a parish (or township­

clear . . . one may provide special consideration to

within-parish) framework is the best universal method

the remaining names which seem obscure. " ([nid]

of laying out place-names. Nevertheless, two factors

yw'n angenrheidiol manylu ar lawer o enwau sydd a'u hystyron yn amlwg ddigon .. . gellir rhoddi sylw arbenni g i'r rhelyw o enwau a ymddengys yn dywyll.)

lead to complications; some names cover areas larger than

[ 1 935 : 1 9] to my own ( 1 998), the toponyms are listed thus

parishes,

and

other

places

are

not

entirely

locatable or are doubtful. Special lists in addition to the general parochial framework are needed to handle

In ( 1 992), which is the only study strictly comparable

places not confmed to a particular parish. 'Dustbin'

(1 992:

appendices

lxxxvi ] :

are thus

included,

for

unlocatable

or

untrustworthy names at the end of a parochial list. It is, I think, essential to systematically research place-names

1 992

1 998

water-courses

parishes

miscellaneous

(mainly thalassonyms)

hundreds

( 1 956)

ii) field-names

( 1 93 5) claimed to treat only

place-names

and

heading:

said "Of the approximately 1 0,000 names indexed, given

( 1 953)

only one alphabetical list of place-names. ( 1 977/1 983 )

Explaining which names they were treating, ( 1 93 1 ) are

case.

exactly. ( 1 948) ignored microtoponymy and thus had

valleys

half

(200 1 ) study smaller areas within

( 1 977/1 983)'s case, a township framework - and are

The theses of ( 1 93 1 ) and ( 1 93 5), though

a

( 1 980),

counties and follow a parochial framework - or, in

interested in the linguistic aspect of toponymies.

about

(hundreds, lordships etc)

The rest of the theses, ( 1 93 3 ) , ( 1 948), ( 1 953), ( 1 95 6) ,

[ 1 926:

which is true enough if you are only

introduction],

water-courses macrotoponyms

i) parish-names ii) dwellings iii) field- and lost names iv) hodonyms

S

by administrative divisions. Through a geographical bias for the northern mountainous part of the area

(grouped under commotes)

(200 1 ) - though covering six whole parishes, - has

i) dwellings

neglected the southern third of Buellt which will thus

ii) hodonyms iii) geonyms

parishes

remain unattractive to future toponymic research and run the risk of being neglected. It will be seen from the above quick survey of

5

Other

territorial

lordships,

divisions,

commotes

etc,

such are

as

manors,

not

grouped

thesis that no uniform layout has been achieved in Welsh toponymic studies yet; what we have seen since ( 1 93 3 ) is the influence of the EPNS's method of layout

together, but are usually treated with parishes or, when impossible, with hundreds. XX

The Place-names of Cardiganshire gaining recognition amongst Welsh toponymists. As early as 1 93 3 [iii] R J. Thomas stated: "As to the ordering of the place-name forms as well as with many other details, the scheme adopted by the English Place-name Society in their series of books was followed." (Yngl)rn a

thus a gross underestimate of the total number. The second largest area of study is D. M Ellis' s thesis concerning Montgomerys.hire place-names ( 1 93 5) with 849 pages. The 1 994 published version of H. \V. Owen's studies on east Flintshire ( 1 977, 1 983) came to 428 pages whilst G. A Fychan' s study of northern Buellt (200 1 ) even reaches 1 , 1 29 pages. The smallest is I. Dafydd's study of Cwmwd Deuddwr (1 980) with 1 30 pages. Most studies have an average of about 400 pages.

threfniant ffurfiau'r enwau lleoedd ac mewn llawer o fanylion eraill, dilynwyd y cynllun a fabwysiedir gan the English Place-Name Societyyn eu cyfres llyfrau.)

In tum G. 0 . Pierce [ 1 953: xxix] stated: "The now standard pattern of dealing with names according to the methods of the English Place­ name Society was followed." (Dilynwyd y patrwm safonol erbyn hyn 0 ymdrin a'r enwau yn 61 dulliau'r

Place- and personal-name indexes

English Place-names Society.)

Many of the studies do not have a full index of the place-names treated and this does vitiate against their usefulness as instruments of research. Those studies which have indexes of the place-names treated are ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5), ( 1980), ( 1 983), 6 ( 1 992), ( 2001 ) . Those which have not are ( 1 926), ( 1 93 3), ( 1 948), ( 1 953), ( 1 956), ( 1 977) (the published version of ( 1 953) added a place-name index to the work). As for indexes of personal-names, these are found in ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 3), ( 1 983), ( 1992), (200 1 ).

Similarly H. W. Owen [1 977: xxix] stated: "It was impossible to follow any other plan than that tried and tested by the EPNS in their more recent volumes. [note: followed also by G. 0. Pierce L11 his excellent The Place-names of Dinas Powys Hundred. ]" Reviewing H. W. Owen ( 1 994), a publication supported by the Place-name Survey of Wales, G. 0. Pierce [1 994 Studia Celtica: 29.319] continues: "It might have been possible to demand a strict uniformity of treatment from Dr Owen by prescription, but no such restra:int was placed upon him, apart from the obvious necessity to conform broadly with the accepted method of presentation developed over the years in the volumes of the English Place-name Society. " This referral to the methods EPNS as the method to be followed strikes one as repeating some kind of mantra, nevertheless it is a usefhl one when addressed to novices in the discipline, since a number of sound principles are to be found in the EPNS volumes. However, the methods of the EPNS have not remained static, but have conti_nued to develop. Such researchers as T. James, involved with the Carmarthenshire place-name project, have been developing new lines of method and presentation. I hope that my own work will demonstrate the advantages of some developments in toponymic method already adhered to outside Britain, but neglected by the EPNS.

Lexical indexes To avoid needless repetition, a lexical index is needed in any toponymic work There are none h'1 the theses of ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5), ( 1 980) whilst ( 1 948) has an incredibly small one (only three items). ( 1 93 3), ( 1 977), ( 1 992) have lexical indexes and ( 1 953), ( 1 956), (200 1 ) have separate \Velsh and English lexical indexes. In some cases the place-names from whence the lexical elements were culled are not referenced clearly. Form of headword Invariably the headwords (entry-headings) in the corpuses collected in each thesis follows the forms of the OS 6" map (first or second editions) of about the turn of the twentieth century, ( 1 980) is only different in the fact that it prefers later OS forms if these exist. 7 ( 1 992) provides a caveat that:

Size The largest area of study is ( 1 992) concerning Pembrokeshire place-names by B. G. Charles with 867 pages. According to a review ( 1 993 Cymro: 03/02/93] it deals with some 3 ,000 place-names, though this can only account for those place-names which B. G. Charles treats of at any length, and is

6 ( 1 983) has a large lexical index of 274 pages which acts as a place-name index for both ( 1 977) and ( 1 983). 7 ( 1 93 1 ) p. 3, ( 1 93 3 ) iii, ( 1 93 5) p. 20, ( 1 948) pp. 24, 26, ( 1 953) xxiii, ( 1 956) xxx, ( 1 980) viii, ( 1 992) lxxxvi. XXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Richards

advocated locating

Though

particularly i..11 the case of Welsh place-n.ames,

according to a 4-:fi.gure grid-reference of the National

[1957: 97-98]

correct or improved ones and local pronunciations

Grid in 1 95 7, it is only with ( 1 977/1 983) that we get

in brackets name." [1992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi] A. Fychan [2001 : vii-viii] refuses

grid-references

are s ometimes given G.

M.

"When these spellings are considered to be faulty,

after the place­

for

location.

Here

we

are

g1ven

unusually precise 8-:figure grid-references, e.g. to take the OS

forms as her headwords as these forms can be faulty

The Little Hays [3 5 4 1 - 673 1 ]

from the point of view of the Welsh standardisation advocated by E. Davies ( 1 957).

Nevertheless ( 1 977/1 983 ) did not use it methodically for field-names, the most precise locations of which are usually given as

Location reference

adjacent to

B 1 89 5).

county. ( 1 93 1 ) used the sheet numbers of the OS 6"

Adj. Castle Fm

maps as well as the quarter sheet directions, i.e.

(200 1 ) gives 6-figure grid-references for place-names,

Pant-y-moch OS 35 NW

but fields are located according to the farmholding they belong to . There can be no doubt that grid-referencing

He was followed by ( 1 935), ( 1 948) - and strangely

is the best way to locate places, which is why it is so

by ( 1 980) - in this method of referring to locations. 8 M Ellis

[1935: 20]

e.g.

Stable Field ( 1 852, 1 8 52/8 B 1 89 1 , Stubble Field 1 892

( 1 926) usually gives no location within the

D.

0 00 ,

strange that I. Dafydd ( 1 980) should decide to locate

justifies the use of this form of

place-nfuues using the old-fashioned OS 6" sheet.

referencing thus: "It was thought that system was more acceptable than the scheme of the

Society,

Temporal limits

English Place-name

chiefly because the

ease it lends to Researchers P.ave decided upon different end

locating a given name on the trmp without much inconvenience. The

English Place-name Society

dates for their study:

in research, one had to establish a

collects place-names under the different parishes

"\Vhen engaged

wherein they

temporal limit, and the year 1 83 0 was taken as the

occur;

thus,

when

a parish

is

extensive, it is often not an easy task to locate a

limit.

name . . .

as one parish often exiends over a

except when it threw some particular light upon the

number of these maps. " (Tybiwyd bod y sistem hon )11 fwy derbyniol na chynllun yr English Place-Name

subject. " (Wrth chwilio, rhaid oedd gosod rhyw derfYn amseryddol, a chymerwyd y flwyddyn 1 83 0 fel ffm. Ni chodwyd unrhyw ffu..rf ar 61 y dyddiad hwn ac eithrio pan daflai ryw oleuni arbennig ar y pwnc.) [ 1 948 G. M.

Society, yn bennaf oherwydd yr hwylustod a ddyry i leoli enw arbennig ar y map heb fawr o drafferth. Gan yr English Place-Name Society cesglir enwau lleoedd o dan y gwahanol blwyfi y'u ceir ynddynt; felly, pan fo plwyf yn eang, nid gwaith hawdd yn fynych Y""' lleoli enw . . . gan fod tm plwyf yn ami yn ymledu dros amryw o 'r mapiau hyn.)

Griffiths :

"All the place-names for which an early form or reference up to about 1 850 have been found are included in this survey. "

"Any forms occurring for the frrst time in the 1 87 1

name was found on the OS 6" map or not. No

Ordnance Survey o r later, have been disregarded. "

location reference more detailed than the parish was given by ( 1 933), ( 1 953), ( 1 9 56), or ( 1 992) . 9

in

[ 1 977 H.

the

"Following the convention of the EPNS County Surveys, the twentieth century is largely excluded

during the 1 93 9-45 war and on maps for civilian use

with its prohibitively vast increase in new names. "

with the 1 : 25 000 series of the OS published between 1 956

W. 01-ven: xxix]

or:

1 93 0s, and first appeared on maps for military use

1 946 and

[1992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi]

or:

more detailed than the parish, though he did point out

The National Grid was established

26] 10

or:

On the other hand ( 1 93 1 ) had no lo cation reference

if the

No form subsequent to this date was noted

[1994 H. W. Owen: xxxii]

[1980 W. A Seymour: 268-69, 291].

By putting a limits at 1 830,

1 850,

respectively, I think G. M Griffiths, B.

8

1 87 1 or 1 900

G.

Charles and

( 1 93 1 ) p.2, ( 1 93 5 ) p. 20 , ( 1 948) pp. 24-25 , ( 1 980) X1X.

10

9 ( 1 933) i-ii, ( 1 9 5 3) xxiii, ( 1 956) xxx, ( 1 992) lxxxvi.

This statement

is a little misleading since he did note

forms of the O S 1 904 as entry-headings. XX11

The Place-names ofCardiganshire H. W. Owen display an antiquarian emphasis to the

subsequently

detriment

notation, started life in France as the notation of the

of

toponymic

method,

for

though,

to

become

the

generally

accepted

personally, I agree that more recent place-names tend

Association Phonetique (the first version of it was

to be less 'interesting' than older ones, it is important

published in

for the toponymist to study place-names from all

(1 888)

periods, and especially so from the period in which

Vocabulary of the Bangor District ( 1 9 1 3) were the ftrst

oral evidence can be obtained. There is no time like

to adapt it to describe Welsh speech, followed by A

H. Sweet ' s ' Spoken north Welsh'

1 888).

and

H.

0.

Fynes-Clinton's

The

Welsh

the present to ascert..ain and check facts relating to the

Somrnerfelt's Studies

landscape. Except for oral forms, G. A Fychan

notation of Welsh as practised by Sweet, Fynes-Clinton

[200 1 :

vii} sets her limit at 1 950, which i s as good as contemporary.

Despite having my own

Cyfeiliog Welsh

in

and S ommerfelt is by now outdated,

personal

because

is

[i]

now

written

The

( 1 925).

in

instead

large part of

a

[y ],

views on priorities, I believe in truth that one cannot

development initiated in Welsh by S. Jones' s A \Velsh

afford to ignore any source of information, or to set

Phonetic

temporal limits, and so I prefer to follow D.

M.

Ellis' s

Reader

published

by

the

London Press series of phonetic readers

[ 1 935: 2 1 ] advice:

University

of

This

in 1 926.

book - in which the influence of D. E. Jones' s classic

"No form that was encountered was ignored . . . " (Ni anwybu¥;yd yr un ffurf y deuwyd o hyd iddi . . . )

work The Pronunciation of English

( 1 909) is obvious ­ [e, :>] as cardinal vowels for the first

also introduced

With reference to temporal limits of a study, I believe

time. l l However, Welsh dialectology had to wait until

it is evident that toponymists - as well as historians -

1 95 1

should embrace the present and not ignore it: that is

for T . Arwyn Watkins in his study of Llansamlet

Welsh for the

to treat the present with the same interest as they

introduction

of the

corresponding

symbols

[I, u] 12 for the high vowels. The use of o, i, u//, especially prevalent since Ceinwen H. Thomas' s MA o n the Nantgarw dialect 1 961 , i s an undoubted

treat the past. The present (including the period of

specific symbols for the more raised versions of //e,

folk memory up to a hundred years back) is the greatest and richest single seam that a toponymist can exploit; in conjunction with maps and forms gleaned

advance in precision in the notation of Welsh sounds. 13

from historical records it gives a depth of knowledge of the subject not attainable in any other way. The toponyrnist balanced

that

researches

attitude

can

phenomena for himsel£ trends

may

not

the

subject

check

with

a

contemporary

1 1 "The phonemes

and whilst contemporary

interest

those

of

antiquarian

desirable to employ the separate symbols

disposition, some phenomena which are considered

for these."

common knowledge disappear slowly without any clear

record

understanding

being and

immediate past.

made

because

interest

in

of a

the

lack

present

12 Written

in

medieval

We cannot deny that historians Wales,

but

a

similar

lack

in,

as

before

one

can

begin

[e, :J] , and especially [I, u] , in descriptions of

northern

Welsh

rather

that o,

the

i, u//

than

of

quality.

But

even

if

the

differentiation due to length is the predo:rrlmnt li phonemicising

factor,

the

differentiation

of

quality is also clearly perceptible, albeit less

The development of phonetic notation

perceptible th..an i..n southern Welsh dialects (see Wm:ffre

Apart from giving a precise location, one of

factually

the improvements in toponymies in this century has use

argui11g

as distinct phonemes is basically one of quantity

to

distinguish trends in society.

been the

dialects,

differences between the two types of 1/e,

and application, to study contemporary

developments

T. A

northern Welsh, do not like noting short vowels

of

noticed by the very same people. It takes some social

:J

13 I am aware that some phoneticians, conversant with

knowledge for contemporary times would not be interest

e and

[ 1 926 S. Jones: 1 0] .

[ _tJ and [G>] respectively by him [ 1 951 Watkins: xvi].

of or

would decry the lack of a clear account of ordinary life

e and o have particularly important

subsidiary members, and it has been considered

[2003 : 8]). T. A Watkins [ 1 96 1 : 12] was incorrect

to

baldly

state:

"Yng

Ngogledd Cyrnru nid oes gwahaniaeth mewn

of a phonetic script to note the

ansawdd rhwng

[i:] cig ac [i] cinio; [u: ] dWr ac [u] cwpan;". It is better, to my mind, to have a

pronunciations of place-names. It is to my mind an essential prerequisite to the study of toponymy.

notational system that can note both quality and

A phonetic notation of sounds generally

length easily,

accepted in scientific circles was only developed in

sacrifice

the late nineteenth century. The IPA, which was

pace those dialectologists who

precision

for

the

phonemic system of notation. XXlll

most

' economic'

The Place-names ofCardiganshire compare

T. H. Williams in 1 93 1 was the first to use

sounds

within

an

entire

lexical

corpus

phonetic notations in a work on Welsh place-names,

pertaining to a small number of individuals

but

restricted area. However a knowledge of the basic

only

in his

introduction to

discuss

general

in

one

dialectal differences. He followed S. Jones' s ( 1 926)

phonemic structure of dialects within the area is an

notation.

undoubted requirement.

G.

G.

M. Griffiths ( 1 948) and B.

Charles

( 1 992) failed to use any phonetic notation other than one based on Welsh orthography, with its attendant

hnportance attached to use of phonetics

shortcomings. 14 The other theses ( 1 933), ( 1 935), ( 1 953),

As far as phonetic notations for place-names

( 1 956) 15 followed Fynes-Clinton and Sommerfelt's

are concerned, ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 977/ 1 983), ( 1 992),

phonetic notation, in which open and dosed varieties of vowels symbols,

were not and

stood

[y]

(200 1 ) have hardly any,

distinguished by their own for

//i//.

( 1 953)

did

( 1 93 3 ),

'modernise' that convention somewhat ("a cheisiwyd

[1953 : xix])

Saesneg

[e]

//e//, but, concomitantly, he did not use the open varieties of 1/o, I.

Dafydd' s

'standard' IPA with of

[u ],

and

[y]

1,

o]

thesis

( 1 980)

commonly

have phonetic

pronunciations,

but

only

noting

place-names

with

a

phonetic

notation.

for

distinguished

Nevertheless,

i, uff. 1 6

[e, :>, 1] ,

( 1 980)

place-name

methodically

for lowered

[ :>,

of

( 1 933), ( 1 980) have made any satisfactory attempts at

yng nghyfrolau'r EPNS."

by introducing the symbol

( 1 948),

notation

cyfuno a hwy yr arwyddion safonol a ddefnyddir wrth drafo d enwau

or none at all. Roughly

speaking, ( 1 935), ( 1 95 3), ( 1 956) do have notations,

pioneering

philologists such as John Rhys, Joseph Loth, Egerton

used a more

Phillimore and Ifor Williams paid great attention to

though there was no use

local pronunciations when elucidating the meaning of

was still used for //i//. 1 7 Though IPA

place-names and indeed the need for a methodical

phonetic pronunciations are given sporadically H. W.

desciption

Owen in both his theses

convincingly put forward by A W. Wade-Evans as

( 1 977/1 983)

gives no

explanation for the conventions he followed.

of

early as 1 93 5

As his

place-name

[123]

pronunciatiOn

was

in the course of highlighting the

area of study is predominantly English as far as the

difference between the pronunciation and the writing

toponymy goes, he is presumably following the usual

of place-names in western Pembrokeshire: "It would be very helpful if writers, in dealing with

convention of contemporary EPNS volumes. That he had not engaged himself much with the problems of

obscure places throughout Wales and its borders,

transcription from the beginning seems proven by the

would tell us as exactly as possible how they are

difference between the wording of the thesis ( 1 983)

pronounced by local residents, unaffected by book­

and that of the resulting book ( 1 994) concerning the

learning

pronunciation of in Estyn:

introducing

"OE i'i was raised

and that

pronounced',

in M\Velsh to y which in fmal unstressed syllables was [ i] . " [ 1 983 H. w. Owen: 1 85] "OE ii was raised to M Welsh u then to y [1] or [i]." [ 1 994 H. W. Owen: 227]

some

a

fashion

such

letters

should begin of as

1. p. ,

' locally

after the official or conventional

modes of writing such names . . . In this connection one may also mention the high value of local rhymes and jingles, which preserve the correct pronunciation of place-names in the local dialect

The emphasis of toponymic notation should veer towards the phonetic, a phonemic approach to the

The fact that theses since 1 93 3 have not taken up

notation of place-names is not practical in itself, being that the proper remit of a phonemic study is to

phonetic notation of pronunciations demonstrates a

14 Which in ( 1 992) ' s case seems all the stranger in

the EPNS has not generally given phonetic notation its

non-development of the methodical apparatus needed in toponymic work. This may be due to the fact that

that "The local and the standard pronunciations of

due consideration when planning county volumes on

an English name, when of interest and not

place-names. H. W. Owen

readily suggested by the spelling, are given in

"Where

phonetic symbols and square brackets." (my emphasis) [ 1 992 PN Pembs : Lxxxvi] 15 ( 1 93 3 : iv), ( 1 93 5 : 2 1 ), ( 1 95 3 :

1 7 Additionally I. Dafydd:

employed for

is

relevant,

this

is

script enclosed in square

brackets. "

xix), ( 1 956: xxii) .

But from reading his theses it becomes apparent that the pronunciation is not accorded much priority in H.

saw.

[u] was xxiii-xxiv] .

[1 977: xxix] gives as reason:

pronunciation

included in phonetic

16 Except in the use of [ :>:] to represent the sound of

English law,

the

MW. [ 1 980 X:XlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire W. Owen' s method. 1 8 B. G. Charles ' s claim

"La plus grande difficulte est, pour un certain

[ 1 992 PN Pembs: lxxxvi] that pronunciations are only given when

nombre de noms d' en retrouver la forme veritable. Pour les pays bretonnants la tache est facilitee par

official spellings were considered "faulty" or "when

En zone anciennement bretonnante, aujourd 'hui franc;aise, ce point d 'appui manque, et les documents sont loin d'y la prononciation actuelle; . . .

of interest and not readily suggested by the spelling" is to be deplored as restrictive. G. 0. Pierce

[1 953:

xxii] gives rather different reasons for not including

suppleer." (my emphasis)

much phonetic notation:

But, notwithstanding this opinion, in the very same

"It is admitted that the weakest part of my treatment

is

the

evidence

concerning

article he contradicted his own recommendations by

the

going

colloquial forms of the names. To an e.x'ient, this is due to the deplorable state of Welsh

on to

use

local

illustrate etymologies

in the area.

French

[ 1 908

J.

pronunciations

Loth:

to

242]. The last

sentence of G. 0. Pierce's quote, above, seems to

Indeed, in many spots it is by now like a part of

recognise the usefulness of local pronunciations even

England, and time after time we found that we

following a language shift in a locality, but his thesis

were too late by a generation or two to be able to

makes

discover the local pronunciation of a great number

no

methodical

attempt

at

collecting

the

'traditional' pronunciations. I. Dafydd, treating an area

of very interesting field-names etc. Nevertheless,

in

one attempted to get hold of some kind of

which native Welsh speakers were no more than a

disappearing

colloquial pronunciation when it was possible to

remnant,

had

a

more

commendable

method, he noted every pronunciation heard by him,

do so, in case there remained in it some trace of

and made clear whether it was a pronunciation uttered

the original form. " (Cydnabyddir mai'r rhan wannaf yn yr ymdriniaeth hon yw'r dystiolaeth parthed ffurfiau llafar yr enwau. Y mae hyn, i raddau yn anochel oherwydd cyflwr truenus y Gymraeg yn yr ardal. Yn

by a Welsh or by an English speaker. I. DafYdd' s thesis ( 1 980) seemed to mark a renewal of emphasis on this neglected aspect of Welsh

wir, y mae, mewn llawer man, fel rhan o Loegr erbyn hyn, a thro ar 61 tro cafwyd ein bod genhedlaeth neu ddwy yn rhy ddiweddar i allu darganfod ynganiad lleol llu mawr o enwau caeau etc. tra diddorol. Ceisiwyd cael gafael ar ryw fath o ynganiad llafar, er hynny, pan oedd yn bosibl g"'neuthur hynny, rhag ofn bod ynddo ryw arlliw o 'r ffurf '.vreiddiol.)

toponymies, and brings Welsh toponymic studies closer in line with their but

G.

A Fychan

avant-garde Celtic counterparts,20 [2001 : XA'Viii, xxx:i-xxxi:i] , despite her

emphasis on oral testimony, does not seem to have carried out comprehensive methodical fieldwork and those pronunciations she did note were transcribed in

This is not a good enough reaso n for not gathering

approximate renditions in Welsh orthography. 2 1 Finally

local pronunciations; whether Welsh is living, dying

I leave the concluding comment to B.

or dead, traditional pronunciations have relevance in themselves, 1 9 or can be invaluable in elucidatii1g the

[1 985: xx] who argues persuasively upon the need to

6

Ciobhain

note, methodically, traditional local pronunciations: "All versions of names supplied by all informants

meaning of the place-name in the original language.

[ 1 908: 222] commented,

are published. V/hile this may seem superfluous it

1 8 I will relate an anecdote which I think will reveal

20 For Brittany: 1 985 H. Ll. Humphreys; 1 990, 1 99 1 ,

The Breton linguist J. Loth

can be justified on the grounds that it is almost

incorrectly in my view, that:

the lack of interest in local

usages.

At

a

1 992c,

conference on place-names held in 1 994, Prof

6

Madeg;

M.

1 995,

1 997a,

Madeg. For Ireland:

DafYdd Jenkins, who had a Welsh-speaking

1 98 5 B.

acquaintance from the area, asked an authority

Kneen, 1 994, 1 995 G. Broderick. For Scotland:

on Flintshire place-names whether he knew that the local \Velsh inhabitants called

harden,

1 984

Hawarden

the non-sequitur which he received

was: "The Welsh name is

Penar-Ldg."

Hawarden harden

at the

traditional Welsh name

expense

Pennarddldg

N.

Coupland,

'Social

Watson & E. Allen. have

co llected

A

number of these

recordings

of

the

2 1 In the section 'Y Traddodiad Llafar' ( ' The oral

Surely

tradition')

of the

[2001 : )LXVi:ii-xxxii] the author emphasises

the ' popular' rather than the ' oral' definition of

is worthy

llafar

and

documents and

Ciobhain. For Man: 1 925-28 J. J.

pronunciations on to tape.

of comment by a toponymist. C.

A.

surveys

the fact that local Welsh-speaking natives call

19

1 995/1 996, M

1 997b P. Pondaven &

linguistic

so

fails

purporting

to to

distinguish

written

transmit

popular

knowledge from the author' s own oral enquiries.

considerations in the pronunciation of Welsh

By rights,

place-names in Cardiff' in 1 984 CWPWL vol.3

evidence and only the second constitutes oral

pp. 3 1 -44.

evidence. XXV

the

first constitutes documentary

The Place-names ofCardiganshire system that leads to uncertainty as to which sound writers are attempting to convey. Sometimes, those who write are English (with no understanding of Welsh and consequently mangle the place-names), others demonstrably - do know \X/elsh; but the fact that both \Velsh and English orthography were not settled until comparatively late means that one can come across variations that are ambiguous even with the latter. An example would be the hydronym noted Nant Main by the OS maps: does this mean 'the brook that is slender' (main), or 'the brook of the stones' (main), or 'the brook of the stone' (maen)? An alternate spelling could settle the question, or better still, the pronunciation: main ' slender' , is pronounced majn; main ' stones', is pronounced mejn; and maen ' stone', is pronounced ma:n. I have established that it is pronounced ma:n, so that the OS spelling is inaccurate. What is written Pant-y-mawn in most written sources is revealed by the local pronunciation panti'mawn to be Pant-ry-mawn (6 1 a) . An added complication is that Welsh place­ names were written by people who effortlessly mixed Welsh and English orthographical standards, thus Tyle c. l 83 0 (41 -a), has E. for W. [ej] (certainly not a Welsh convention); but fmal for W. [e] (likewise not an English convention). There is a duplication of graphemes in Trevas fawr 1 82 1 (4-a), E. and W. both representing [ v] . Most of the conventions of Knwcke y Daddle 1 706 (3-a) are English, such as for [0] and for [k], however, the for [o] is a Welsh convention. All the above cases demonstrate typically English and typically Welsh writing conventions mixed in an apparently desultory fashion. In this century the mode of representing sounds (phonic representation) has improved tremendously. With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) giving a generally accepted method of phonological representation22 one can record the primary manifestation of a place-name (i. e. its spoken form) in a much more precise fashion than hitherto. It therefore seems high time to integrate the methodical recording of the pronunciation of place-names following IPA conventions as one of the prerequisites of place-name studies alongside other well established lines of inquiry. This is certainly the position adopted by students of native cultures of North America; P. 0. Mable & M. S. Beeler [ 1 996: 1 89] , after noting that much of the literature on North American place-names was of "questionable validity", conclude: "The ideal place-name analysis begins with knowledge of how a name was pronounced, what the site was that it referred to, and what its

certainly the last occasion on which the names will be recorded . . . Again, while many versions are linguistically corrupt or idiosyncratic, emanatin� as they do from a milieu of linguistic decay, therr exclusion would not only conceal the very nature and quality of the evidence but would also prejudge its hitherto unexplored potential. In this material for instance, one can observe not only the transformations undergone by the names themselves in both the diachronic and synchronic dimensions, but also the stages in, and the very nature of the process of linguistic decay itself"

The importance of pronunciation Many place-name studies emphasise the need to gather and tabulate written forms of place­ names from documentary sources. While this is the correct procedure - especially if the meaning of the place-name is sought - too often (due to the emphasis on historical forms) the information to be gained from the pronunciation of place-names by local inhabitants has been neglected. A Dauzat in his guidelines [ 1 926: 1 6] noted: "Le repertoire des noms de terrains ou lieux-dits est foumi par le cadastre . . . mais dont les donnees . . . doivent etre completees par des enquetes orales et des recherches d' archives. " In Britain A Mawer & F. M. Stenton [ 1925b: viii] in their guidelines to place-name students, which was to prove so influential to the methodology adopted by the EPNS volumes, said: "The local pronunciation of the place-name is given whenever it is of interest." My contention is that all place-name pronunciations are of interest, indeed one can argue that place-names in historical documents represent the secondary manifestation of a name. Its primary manifestation is as a phonological phenomenon, a sound used in the spoken language. The written forms thus (as far as most place-names are concerned) have sprung from spoken forms and are secondary to them. I thus agree wholeheartedly with B. 6 Ciobhain' s [1 985 : xix] comments : "The most important part of the material is the oral component, including versions of the names and information relevant to various aspects of them." "The author' s sense of urgency in this respect [i. e. collecting oral forms] does not seem to be shared by others," [ l 985 B. 6 Ciobhain : xx] One does not have to refer too much to the corpus of Cardiganshire place-names to notice that place-names have been written using a rather imperfect phonetic

-

22 I treat the differing conventions in IP A notations in greater detail in Wmffre [2003 : 5-30] . XXVI

The Place-names ofCardiganshire names. This serves to remind us that though the IPA is a more precise instrument to note the priw.ary manifestation of place-P..ames, it is not the scientific last \XfOrd - for that recordings \"'/Ould be needed; and even then idiolectal and free variations would :make it difficult to state with absolute certainty what constitutes the usual pronunciation of any one place� name. I must admit that it was generally the collection of a corpus that preoccupied me most. Si..11ce so many places are unknown or simply unlocatable accordir..g to any written documents, I had to concentrate on fmding out the locations of places in my interviews. This, in addition to the usual Piceties of conversation, meant th..at I could not be as discriminatory or as careful in the noting of local pronunciation as I frrst iiuagined I would have been. 24 P. Power ( 1 907 (1952 edn): 1 7] seems to have experienced the same logistical d:ifficulties: "Throughout the work questions of Irish spelling, consideration of grammar, philology and phonetics have been held as of secondary importance. To the writer it has seemed that the first and i111n1ediately itrrportant point was to get the names; many of the latter, if not collec,ied now could never be recovered, whereas the spellh'lg and gram..-nar can afford to wait."

meaning was. In order to ascertain the meaning of a name and that of its constituent parts, a..11 adequate knowledge of the grammatical stmcture of the source language is necessary. Careful work with a knowledgeable native speaker is most desirable . . . I must mention here the thesis of R J. Thomas Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Cvvmwd Meisgyn . . . ( 1 933) and I . Da:fydd Emwu T 1eoedd C\�.rmwd Deuddwr ( 1 980) as the only Welsh toponyw.ic studies to date that have given phonological representation the due attention it requires. Ho\vever, one can hardly state that it is recognised as a prerequisite amongst Welsh toponymists. G. 0. Pierce' s [1990: 2] does seem to recognise its importance i..11 a recom.rnendation given to would-be toponymists: "Dialectologists often complain that place-name studies are not over-blessed with information about the local pronunciation. \Vherever possible, an attempt should be made to ascertain such oral testimony during the course of investigations and this iP..formation should be recorded in phonetic script." However, to my mi..'ld the "wherever possible" of the above paragraph 1s not strong enough a recommendation, since there are hardly ever 'outside' conditions in an area that has been continuously in..lmbited tlmt make it impossible to pursue oral inquiries. Also it is not only dialectologists and linguists that should complain about the lac..k of locally ascer-..ained pronunciations written in IPi\-.., but anyone who has an h'lterest in learning the etymology of a place-name, and indeed it became obvious to me early on it1 my own studies that pursuing oral inquiries led to extra-linguistic pieces of inforrrmtion. I can highlight the importance of pursuing oral inqumes by referring to one ir£ormant from Llanddewi Brefi who supplied me with at least thirty hitherto undocumented mountairJand place-names which I managed to locate, and at least another fifteen which he would rmve supplied me with had not his sudden death intervened. 23 The Breton toponymist, Bernard Tanguy [p.c.], remarked that he treated phonetic representations of place-names as ' documentary forms' as soon as they were \\'fitten down: just another clue in his search for the meani..'lg of place� "

23

Application of geography Not only have most toponymic studies been lacking in li..n..guistic content, but also in geographical content. If the geographical aspect is ignored through unclear reference to the location of places, new advances in the understanding of the subject vvill be that much more difficult to achieve. The traditional and persistent downplayi..11g of the common, and seemingly trivial, has kept toponymists from recognising microtoponyms, especially field�names, as a subject worthy of study on a par with settlement-names, hydronyrr1s etc. John Field [1 986: 1-54] has given a short 24

These were not unimportant microtopony:ms, but names of hills and conspicuous features. In the neighbouring civil-parish of Caron Uwch­ clawdd, it is only through oral inquiries that I discovered Esgainven, the name of the highest point in this mountainous parish XXVll

Lest one were to think that I gave but littie weight to collecting pronunciation, I will mention a round trip of some 80 wiles from my home in Tregaron to question Nansi Jones, an old wow..an who had retired to Llandrindod in Radnorsbire, with regards to the pronunciation of the stream Briannau (d). The result confirmed a local pronunciation pe'rjane which is of capital importance in sifting the variant fofrrl..s of this othenvise obscure name: may this serve as one example to illustrate the time and cost involved in pursuing local pronunciations.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire survey of the growing importance of field-names in

an 8-figure grid-reference more often than not. Of

the EPNS county volumes.

these he says:

appearance

of

(Buckinghamshire,

the vol 2,

From 1 925 with the

frrst

county

volume

"I have included far more local topographical

1 925) field-names were

information

generally ignored, not being accounted ' true place­

practice.

names' .

scrutinized

They

f:mally

surfaced

in

1 933

(Northamptonshire, vol. 1 0) as a 30 page appendix

Lfl

the discussion than is normal EPNS

Each and

field it

has

was

been

felt

individually

that

such

local

knowledge thus acquired was worth recording;"

[ 1 977 H. W. Owen: xxix]

out of 3 5 0 pages, and from thence the practice of having a field-name appendix became common. It is

Nevertheless, above and beyond reliable localisation

in 1 95 0 (Cumberland, vol.20) that fields were frrst

(which entails, for a methodical listing of fields in a

placed as a fmal section under each individual parish,

parish, the need for 8-figure grid-references with each

which became the ensuing norm of EPNS practice up

name), the perfect method for the study of field-names

[ 1 980 H.

to the present. ( 1 933) was the first Welsh thesis to

is that mentioned by M. Gelling

include field-names in alphabetical order with other

referring to H. D. G. Foxall's work with the Shropshire

place-names (distinguished only from other names by

county volume of the EPNS (in progress):

D. G. Foxall:

v] ,

not being in capitals, i. e. Cae Burbish rather than Y

". . . he is engaged in the preparation of a set of

BOLGOED for a dwelling). But as the ai.1Jls were only

maps, based on the tithe awards and old estate

to treat names of historical or li'lguistic interest in

surveys, which show in graphic fonn the field­

order not to be burdensome

i-ii], it

patterns and field-names of the ancient parishes of

cannot be accounted a methodical approach. ( 1 953)

the County as they existed during the period 1 750-

[ 1 933

R. J. Thomas:

and ( 1 956) had field-name sections under individual

1 850. These maps make it possible to study field­

parishes in accordance with the prevalent method of

names as they should be studied, that is, in relation

the EPNS since 1 950. ( 1 980), which treated one

to the pieces of land to which they belong. The

large parish, had field-names as an appendix, listed

English Place-Name Society's surveys, in order to

under their respective farms, but with no explanatory

reduce a vast quantity of field-name material to a

1 07-21]. This presentation was

manageable and publishable format, employ the

notes

[ 1 980

L Dafydd:

followed by (200 1 ) with two appendices concerning

device of putting the field-names for each parish in

field-names.

alphabetical order. It is doubtful

if they

could be

The promotion of field-name studies from

made available for philological analysis in any other

their relegation to 'dustbin' appendices in EPNS

way, but the system has the effect of separating

volumes has continued, John Field

[1 977

EPNS Journal:

each name from its geographical context, and the

9.24] has pleaded for more detailed localisation of

nature of the loss is at once apparent when a

field-names in toponymic studies:

philologist accustomed to studying alphabetical lists

"If field-name

studies

begin and end in the

of this material is instead confronted with one of

the

Mr. Foxall's beautiful maps. On these the names

charge of triviality must stand. Unless names are

are seen in relation both to the physical nature of

related to the things named, their recital may have

the ground and, since they are linked to significant

a poetic - but hardly an onomastic - value. It

shapes a.11d assemblages of parcels of land, to the

collection

and

publication

of curiosities,

should not really need to be said that detailed

history of the agricultural practices by which the

localisation is called for in respect of field-names

community has maintained itself for a thousand

as of any other toponyms, yet all too often

years or more. "

in the

past, names ' of etymological interest' received no

Due to lacunae in the notation of field-names in

more

nineteenth-century

precise

location

Properly documented,

than

their

county;

...

tithe

maps

even

using

supplementary field-names from estate maps - an

all names c-an then be

be completed

studied in geographical and historical context, and

approach as advocated above could only

more useful conclusions about the pattern of

for something like above three-fifths of the surface of

naming will be possible than with the fragmentary

Cardiganshire. However, I would lilce to point to the

24-

remarkable work of M. Jones, a schoolmistress, who in

It would seem that opinion is gaining ground for

iPitiated by D. Thomas, the inspector of Cardiganshire

information of the present time."

[ 1 977

J. Field:

2 5]

1 92 1 , as part of a scheme for gathering rural lore

localisation of field-names to be part and parcel of the

schools, gathered and mapped all the field-names in the

toponymist' s method. In Welsh toponymic studies

parish of Llanddeinoel

only H. W. Owen ( 1 977/1 983) has followed this line,

approach which has not been utilised to the full is that

including in his study fourteen field-name maps, with

[ 1 92 1 D. Thomas MS B-82]. Another

of noting the altitude of each particular toponyrr., which has been recommended as common toponymies XX:Vlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire practice by T. James & S. Taylor [at the third SNSBI Conference, Aberystwyth 16/04/94]. I have not noted altitude in a methodical way, believing that referring to a map with the 6-figure grid-reference I have provided will answer the question of the altitude of any of the place-names in my corpus of place-names. While there is no doubt that the absolute altitude of a location is not a factor to be wholly ignored, I believe it is the relative altitude that is the most important factor in toponymy (W. Linnard [ 1 982a: 1 83 , 1 88] has studied relative altitudes of coetgae toponyms, and has come to much the same conclusion). Though my primary aim has been to register in a methodical and ex.haustive way all the locatable place-names within Cardiganshire, microtoponyrns and unlocated or lost names have not been included in a systematic way. This is mainly a problem of scale, due to the fact that microtoponyms such as field­ names are less important than settlement-names, natural-feature names, river-names etc. A...s A Mawer & F. M Stenton [ 1 925b: 257] said in 1 925: "It is i..111possible to deal with all these [i. e. field­ names] for more than one reason. In the first place they are too numerous, in the second many of them are without interest, consisting largely of forms which are common in all field-names: further it is but rarely that one has a succession of forms for an individual name such as is often neccesary if any satisfactory interpretation is to be attempted. A selection alone can be attempted." (my emphasis) These are my sentiments exactly excepting the underlined words with which I would replace by usually of less historical interest (which, of course, is not the only interest of the toponymist). Since I have not aimed to collect field-names in the methodical fashion I advocate above, one should not believe that I count this as unimportant. But I strongly believe that a comprehensive study of field-names would entail a different method which would demand a further few years' research. For Cardiganshire I would advocate a separate volume, concerned only with field-names, and with accompanying maps along the lines of H. D. G. Foxall's work mentioned above. 25

A proof of the validation of the distinction between toponyms and microtoponyms can be adduced in bilingual areas from the contrast in language between both categories, illustrative eY.amples of which are found in eastern Brittany where Breton has disappeared and French is the usual language: " . . . le caractere breton des noms de lieux diminue le plus souvent lorsqu' on va des noms de coro..munes aux noms de parcelles: ceci s'explique par le fait que les noms de parcelles sont moins figees que les noms de hameaux, enregistres par ecrit depuis longtemps; les noms des parcelles ont pu evoluer plus facilement selon la designation de ceux qui les mettent en valeur. Il est interesant de constater qu' en Haute-Bretagne certaines communes n' ont plus de breton que leur pro pres noms." [ 1 990 J.-Y. Le Moing: 26] The contrary phenomenon is found in the \Velsh­ speaking parts of Dungleddy (Pembs.) and the Vale of Glamorgan (Glams.), and where there are many English farm-names with Welsh field-names, due, respectively, to a migration of Welshmen to the lowlands after the fourteenth century [ 1 992 PN Pembs: xlvii-xlv:iii] and, to an advance of \Velsh-speaking in the eighteenth century all but wiped out the original English speech [ 1 968 G. o. Pierce: xvii; 1 972 B. L. James: 24-26] . Though I did not set out to gather field­ names, I could not - in the pursuit of my researches ignore certain field-names that I came across. Most came from the tithe surveys of the 1 830s and 1 840s, or from miscellaneous documents that often gave no specific location. I did not specifically ask for field­ names when engaged in making oral enquiries for place-name pronunciations, but they sometimes turned up and so were noted, and even quoted by me as some were very ' interesting' and ' relevant' to other problems with which I had concerned myself As with other categorisations, there is no exclusive way of distinguishing field-names, for example, from inhabited gath farm, the field named Y Weirglodd is divided into the following: Y Ffosiad fawr; Y Deirpig fach, Y Deirpig fawr and Y Ffosiadau. " (Lle byddo cae go fa"'T, adwaenir rhannau ohono weithiau wrth enwau'r ffosiadau. E. e., ar fferm Bryn-y­ gath, rhennir Y Weirglodd fel a ganlyn: Y Ffosiad fawr; Y Deirpig fach, Y Deirpig fawr ... a'r Ffosiadau Meinion.). Likewise in Cardiganshire a part of

25 A cautionary warning for those who might think that field-names are the minutest grade of toponyms is to be found in D. M. Ellis' s note upon field-names in the Abergeirw area of Merionethshire [1952 BBCS: 1 4.284] : "Where a field is particularly large, parts of it are someti..111es knovvn by the names of the ' ditchings' (ffosiadau). For example on Bryn-y-

(c82) Cae Ysgubor (SN 551-710, Ffospilcom, 50-a) was known as Gumdwn Coch, and a part of (cl 33) Cae Delyn (Melingarrog, 51 -a) was called Cae Richard �Mathew as "A man named Richard Mathew had cleared it of gorse."; "About one acre of Penllwyngoleu field is called Fron yr Odyn " (Cilfachau, 5 1 -a) [1 921map M. Jones]. . . .

XXlX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire place-names. Often a dwelling is named from a field,

which overlap and which span from quagmire to

or the fields take their name from an old dwelling that was previously in its bounds_ 2 6

pasture. Dictionaries do not always indicate the exact meani.11g

which these

words

have

in a

particular locality. One should ask an indigenous speaker to point out examples of gwern and gwaen,

Semantics

of ffridd and rhos. " P.� example of this is the meaning of gwaun in western

The

explanation

sometimes be lacki11g

in

of

place-names

can

depth. Going through B .

Pembrokeshire, translated by

G.

moor in English. After rhos was

some time in the area I noticed that the word

Charles' s book, it is striking how often the author is

lacking, further acquaintance with the area brought up

just content to list place-names, justifying it in this

words such as

fashion:

central

"In many of the minor names the meaning is so

(g)weunllyd, which I had never heard in (rhosog being perhaps the

Cardiganshire

equivalent in the latter area).

obvious as to need no comment or so uncertain as

A criticism of the obvious failings of the most

not to warrant it."

( 1 992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi] This attitude is quite common i.11 toponymic studies,

comparable

work yet

done,

The Place-names

of

Pembrokeshire, will not be out of place here, but only

where, often, the only mode of explanation is that the

in

component elements are given, with referral to the

order to highlight the fact - contrary to what many

might think from a perusal of that book - that the

lexical index "where an account of each element is

place-names of Pembrokeshire are far from having

given". Another good example is the inclusion of

been dealt with once and for all. The failings mentioned

Cefngast (Brees.) in a toponymic book only to explain

are not occasional failings, but have much to do with a

it as:

philological bias of most place-name studies, whereby

"A fannhouse o n a little hill above the Irfon river.

geographical, historical, and even linguistic information

It is certain that name contains the animal's name. (Ffermdy ar fryncyn uwchben afon Irfon. Yn sicr yr

is not exploited to the full. The main point I would like to make is that

anifail sy'n yr enw.) [ 1 993 R. Morgan & G. G. Evans : 1 3]

despite the Rev. A W. Wade-Evans ' s having cogently

As methodology, it should be elementary

argued and demonstrated the importance of gathering

that any topographic element contained within a

information in the locality in a

place-name should be referred (when possible) to the topographical

feature

it

describes.

Failing

a

names

connection between the descriptive force of the name

the last sentence of this extract from B.

unlocatabale

G. Charles

Pembrokeshire

here. "

J.

Field

[ 1 994: 6] explains that :

"Full

interpretations

require

(if p ossible)

the

identification and location of features referred to

Stratford original

their bridge

names, was

when

built

at

Guildford and

are

in

to

The

fact

Place-names

often

still

of

eminently

Welsh versions of New Mill [402] in Bletherston, or of

or

[ 406], though examples for the latter are attested sixteenth century documents.

reference points of places called Easton, Weston,

h'l

Neither is there any

reference to the local Welsh pronunciation of Sheep­ walk [ 403] as Jipwak nor that there existed two places of the same name in the locality, namely Jipwak'iza and Jipw ak' i fa [inf SWDP].

Norton and Sutton. " The semantics of words are not always Evans

according

the Welsh version of neighbouring parish of Clarbeston

Axbridge or West Bridgford, and what are the

exploited to gain a deeper understanding,

of

of local enquiry - is that there is no mention of the

and where the Cambridge

traces

The second consequence - again due t o lack

in the names, such as discovering precisely where the fords which gave Oxford,

shows

locatable, e.g. in Mynachlogddu parish, Blupage 1 836, Blelv Padge 1 841 [ 1 3 1 ] is still known as Patshynglas [inf. L. L. Davies], and the location of Pantglocsen 1 84 1 [1 3 1 ] i s also known [inf. B . Williams, SWDP] ; neither i s the location of Parc-y-droifa (Clydai) lost [377] but it is still known [inf. I. Jones] .

Danygare 1 828 BTs, -gaer 1 842 dan, caer. Nothing is known of a fort

"DAN-Y-GAER, v.

hardly

this methodological failing is that many place-names

in

[ 1 992 : 3 65 ] : TA,

of Pembrokeshire

methodological local enquiries. The consequence of

and the neighbouring physical environment, a note highlighting this ' gap' should be left, as was done

1 93 5 article entitled

'Pembrokeshire Notes' in AC [90 . 1 23-34], The Place­

G. G.

.

[1 985: 77] is right to emphasise that :

Apart

". . . gweun/gwaen, gwern, ffridd, . . . rhos, . . . cors,

from

the

lack

of

local

enquiry,

examples from the corpus of The Place-names of

rnignen and mawnog . . . have a range of meanings

Pembrokeshire seem to have been sloppily assigned as unlocated, e.g. in Moylgrove parish the located Ty 'r A ber 1 84 1 [122] is not connected to the unlocated

2 6 I. Dafydd [1980: xxii] makes exactly the same point. XXX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Tyraber Kybwr 1 84 1 [ 1 24] , neither is the located Pant-gwyn [ 1 2 1-22] equated with the unlocated Pantgwyn 1 583 [ 1 23]; in Monington parish the unlocated Gavel Blaen Evan 1 779 is not connected to unlocated Ravel 1 79 l [ 1 1 3], and though the former is given as derived from gafael, the latter is given as derived from gajl, which is patently incorrect (pace page 775). I am at a loss to understand why Plaindealings (SN 04-28, Henrys Moat) was noted under

of Pembrokeshire falls short of achieving what should be considered the minimum aims of a methodical modern toponymic survey, it behoves me to state unambiguously that it is an impressive work, and will remain an - I should say ' the' - invaluable foundation work for further toponymic research in tro..at county.

Conclusion

the heading "early unidentified or lost minor names", as it is obvious from the accompanying

" 1 89 1

OS

If it can be accepted that for the purposes of

6"

toponymists training in phonetics is too difficult to

that it came from a map source, and is still to be

come by (for which the literary orientation of most

Ruchydwr 1 83 3 of the Clydai parish registers [379] is the Rhych­ y-dWr of neighbouring Penrhydd parish [394] ; the unlocated name Plyg-y-rhiw given under both Clydai and Cilrhedyn parishes [379] is a well-known place just across the Pembrokeshire border in Cenarth (Carms.). found on present OS maps. The unlocated

Welsh departments are to blame) there is no reason that field-work without phonetic training should not form an accepted part place-names

to

place-names,

it

is

referred to as

grafa [ 1 2 1 ]

as

grove

is not attested until

extracted

from

the

1 8 1 6,

is to

local pronunciations

and

Whilst

any

in addition

to the collection of

documentary forms constitutes an improvement of the

parish-name

be found

toponyrnists.

toponymy' that requires fieldwork and IPA notation of

much-vaunted ' traditional EPNS toponymic method'

Rhyd-y­ grove (SN 1 0- 1 4) in the same parish was originally Ryd y Gove 1 583, 1 594, Red y Gove 1 7 1 3 [ 1 22], and is still locally realised hri·d�'go:v [inf I. James] (cf Pentregrove (SO 24-48, Brilley, Heres.), Pentre r Gove [081 834]). Another example of a failing in the place-name,

'traditional'

accumulation of evidence is to be welcomed, the ' new

Moylgrove, just as what is officially written

explanation a

more

established

seems to be the only form of research carried out by many

do not do justice to this name, for the

probably

to

and adds substantially to library researches which

Hafod Grove simplistically composed of hafod, mawr, and OE.

English element was

represented

fieldwork amongst older local speakers complements

the

of Pembrokeshire that can be faulted. Incomplete such

be

recourse

orthographic conventions) it should be obvious from

methodology of the explanations in The Place-names explanations

can

by

my own researches that the fact of carrying out

place-names to be wholly correct as regards the given

(which

impressionistically

Whilst one should not expect any book on explanation

of the toponymists remit.

Independently from representing the pronunciation of

that has too often restricted itself exclusively to the collection of old documentary forms. 2 7

in I.

Dafydd' s study Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Deuddwr

( 1 9 80). I. Dafydd [ 1 980: 1 -4] simply explains Llansantfred Cwmteuddt11r as containing the parish and the cowmote name, however, he fails to mention that it is

Cwmteudchvr

and not

Llansantfred which

is

the present name of the village and the church which lie immediately to the west of the river at Rhayader, and that this usage is at least as old as the eighteenth century:

Eglwys Cwm Thythor [ 1760map E. Bowen] . Thus, despite the monumental collection of

documentary forms which that work represents, I felt it is imperative in the above selection to higl-Jight imperfections in The Place-names of Pembrokeshire,

if only

as an indication of the amount of sorting and

analysis

still

needed,

and

to

guard

against

the

analgesic temptation of believing that the place-names of Pembrokeshire need no more attention as they

27 H.

have already been ' dealt with' . And after having noted that in a number of respects The Place-names

Bessat

&

C. Germi

[200 1 : 8-9]

note the lack of

sustained fieldwork amongst French toponymists. XXX!

The Place-names ofCardiganshire ". . . to provide a standardised form of spelling in the Gazetteer of Welsh place-names. It is high time that such poor spellings as Cemaes and Edeymion, for example should be replaced by Cemais and Edeimion, and that such anglicised and stereotyped forms as Kerry and Trelleck be restored to Ceri and Tryleg." In my own work I have decided to discount the OS forms as the basis for my headwords, and have attempted to write the headwords consonant with 'correct' Welsh orthography and pronunciation. This is mainly because Welsh in Cardiganshire is the native, historical and actual language, of this particular portion of the earth's crust; which furthermore (at the time of writing) is not a little-known language that is long lost and beyond recall. Toponymic studies that ignore the main language of their area of study (as some Welsh examples have done) should be condemned, not only from the point of view of the language ignored, but also from the point of view of the general objective of any study which aims to be set in the tradition of social sciences, namely, to fully describe the interactions of human societies as they actually are or were. Other reasons for not adhering slavishly to forms on official maps as authority for spelling place-names can be ascribed to common-sense, and are given below in a tabulated form: 1) The place-names of Cardiganshire are overwhelmingly Welsh, and though the OS has not mangled the names to the extent it did in Ireland, or as French officials did in Brittany, the OS continues the traditional English bias of the British state and does not reflect the perception of place-names as experienced by the native inhabitants2 (this is wholly comparable to the

SPELLING GUIDELINES

Headwords The headword (or entry-heading) is the form of a place-name for the purposes of reference, and is usually viewed as the correct form in opposition to any possible variant. Most toponymic works give as headwords the forms of place-names as found upon official maps. This is also the case in Wales, where the most recent advice given by G. 0. Pierce [ 1 990: 2] to Welsh toponymists was: "Entries should have as the main heading the form of the name currently to be found on OS maps." 1 On the whole this has been followed by Welsh toponymists. This has been done even when there were misgivings, for example, B. D. Harries [1 956: xxx] had made clear that in his case this practice was followed by him: ''It is for the sake of consistency and not for correctness that the map forms are quoted;" (Er mwyn cysondeb, nid oherwydd cywirdeb y dy:tynnir ffurfiau'r mapiau ar yr enwau;)

A more recent toponymist has not followed the OS as sole authority, and has veered slightly from using OS forms as headwords: "only when forms which are patently more accurate or more commonly accepted present themselves." [1 985 G. G. Evans: 78] On the other hand, other toponymists, especially those who produced Welsh works, aimed to have headwords that adhered to the 'correct' Welsh spelling of place-names, e.g. " . . . it was intended to follow, as best as one could, the main recommendations in Orgraff yr Iaith Gymraeg ( 1 928), for the sake of uniformity and consistency throughout the book." ( . . .

2

amcanwyd dilyn, orau y gellid, yr argymhellion bras yn Orgraff yr iaith Gymraeg, 1 928, er mwyn sicrhau unffurfiaeth a chysondeb drwy'r llyfr.) [ 1 938 R. J.

Thomas: viii] This was true of M. Richards in his Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units [1 969a: x-xi], one of the main purposes of his work being: 1

This was also the recommendation of Terry James at the third SNSBI conference, Aberystwyth 1 6/04/94, noting that the Carmarthenshire survey of place-names (in progress) has adopted as headwords the forms of the frrst edition of the 1 :25 000 OS maps, published between 1 946 and 1 956. XXXll

For an enlightening description of how the OS approached the spelling of Welsh place-names when it set about mapping Wales in the nineteenth century, see 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters. They emphasise that the OS - on the whole - took great pains to attain a correct and consistent spelling. However, in their zeal in defending forms finally chosen by the OS mapmakers, I detect a bias, for they describe the OS policy of keeping to local spelling usages as [127], [ 1 24], "rationaf' "'practicaf' "commonsense" [99, 1 08, 1 2 1 ] , in opposition to the "emotionalism" [128] displayed by those who wished to write place-names in accordance with the orthography of Welsh which included the noted Welsh scholars Walter Davies, John Rhys, and J. Gwenogvryn Evans (admittedly there was not a wholeheartedly agreed orthography until

The Place-names ofCardiganshire pronounced identically; the fact that in different place-names the same word may be spelt Bailey or Beili, and Bailea or Bayliau, does not mean that they are in any intrinsical way different the one from the other. 4) The simple fact is that OS forms can often be wrong; and in my opinion, in the light of further knowledge, it is incorrect to perpetuate what are known to be errors. The wholesale imposition of methods used in the English Place-name Survey on Welsh toponymic research is not always for the best, witness a recent distribution map of Cardiganshire place-names [ 1 994 R A Dodghson: 360] which had the pedantically misleading "place-name element kil- + cil- + ciliau.", which is simply the Welsh word cil, a well-attested word (kif­ being no more than an anglicised spelling, and ciliau being the plural). This kind of approach to etymology is acceptable for barely understood ancient languages (which may be the case when discussing the toponymy of England or elsewhere) but not for Welsh toponymy. The above mentioned presentation simply betrays a lack of familiarity of the Welsh language on the part of the writer. Having declared my policy I am nevertheless aware that there is much to guard against when deciding upon the form of a headword. E. Phillimore was quite right to give the warning: "translators have no business to alter established and technical names in order to meet their etymological views which are matter for notes or a glossary . . " [E. Phillimore in 1 892 Cymmrodor: 172-73]

distorting effects resulting from the latinisation or frenchification of English names in medieval documents [ 1 992b c. Clark : 1 73-74]). 2) Since no one edition of the OS maps contains every possible place-name, one is forced when compiling a methodical place-name list to resort to different maps of different periods. More often than not variation in forms given to place­ names appear in the different OS map editions published between 1 8 1 1 and 1 982, which would make difficult an undisputed, homogenous, and uniform listing of spellings. 3) To keep slavishly to map forms, even when the Welsh is grammatically correct, may distort the corpus; both Pen-y-cnwc and Pen-cnwc may be

the period 1 893-1 928). The opposite camp, in wanting the Welsh place-names to be written in accordance with the rules of Welsh orthography, were emphatically no less "commonsensical", "rational", and "practical" than the OS. However, the battle lines of this debate are blurred, as it was the OS itself which was largely responsible for the respelling of many farm-names in Cardiganshire in the early part of the nineteenth century, over the head of local spelling practices, and in accordance with the spelling of Welsh dictionaries. Furthermore, to invoke local usage as an authority for a map form could be a victim of cir�ular argument, as many local people probably did exactly as R Lloyd-Williams, the surveyor of Denbighshire County Council who noted in 1 893 that if "in the least doubt as to the proper way of spelling Welsh names", he was "in the habit of consulting the Ordnance Survey for confirmation" [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 25]. The stated policy of the OS according to J. B. Harley & G. Walters [ 1 982: 98] : "The traditional rule of the Department - it is still followed today - is to be guided primarily by local custom and usage, monitored by both written sources and individual 'authorities' , and thus arriving at an appropriate form for the name." sits uneasily with the appearance of Bryn Tynllwyn and Bryn Copa in the 1 982 OS edition, for the Tyn-llwyn Hill and Copa Hill of earlier OS editions, both show signs of a non­ local welshification as the local term for 'hill' is bane, not bryn, and this is proven, at least in the case of Bryn Copa, as the Copa Hill of the earliest OS editions was a mistake for Copperhill, a mine name, see sub Brynllwyd (7 1b); Copperhill (61 -a).

.

Why Welsh? The Welsh and their country were conquered by the English state between the eleventh and the thirteenth century and have subsequently borne the domination of their English neighbours in a variety of fields, not least the favoured position of the English language. The ensuing coloniser/colonised situation between English and Welsh is reflected in the designations given to the same places, so that the town named Cardigan in English, is named Aberteifi in Welsh, there being no relation between the two names. In Cardiganshire, as in Wales as a whole, a dual designation of a particular location is of course dependent upon which language is being used, but this duality does lead to an added complication when compiling a list of place-names - one largely absent in English toponymic studies - which language will be chosen for a headword? This never posed me a problem: I have preferred native Welsh forms.

XXX:lll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire by the OS maps, such as doubling of consonants, and use of circumflexes, though these had been receiving the attentions of the Welsh scholar Walter Davies during the 1 820s [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 03, 1 1 7] . From the 1 840s onwards the OS, or more specifically the Boundary Office of the OS, became more i."lvolved in checking the suitability of place-name spellings, and by the 1 870s the Boundary Office had appointed a specialist scholar to look over the the final form of Welsh place-names. The specialist appointed was the Rev. Thomas Rowland (1 824-94), the author of Welsh Grammar ( 1 853), then regarded as the standard description of the Weish language [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 20] . The appearance of the first edition of the larger scale 6-i.."lch maps (in 1 89 1 for Cardigansr..ire) had led to renewed controversy as to the spelling of Welsh p lace- names as a result of which the Dorington Committee of the OS was established in 1 893 which looked into the question of criticism of the OS's notation of Welsh place-names4 and recommended that for each county a competent Welsh speaker nominated by the county council should examine the proofs. Cardiganshire County Council nominated the reputed scholar John Humphreys Davies ( 1 871 -1 926) [ 1 9�Q J . B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 27-28], and the corrections between the flrst edition 6-inch map of Cardiganshire of 1 891 and the second edition which was published i..11. 1 904 are probably largely due to hi.-rn The first formal statement of guiding principles for the spelli.'lg of \Velsh toponyrr.s appears to have been the pamphlet entitled Instructions to Field Examiners on the Orthography of \Velsh Names: with Rules for Compoundi.11g L11itialing and Accenting under Various Conditior1s of 1 883 v•nitten by T. Rm..vland & R 0. Jones (lieutenant�colonel and head of the Boundarj Office of the Ordnance Sunrey, and hh'11Self a Welsh speaker) [1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters : 1 2 1 ] . The 1 883 guidelines consisted of a set of mles under twenty headings, and \vas important due to the fact that the principles i.11fluenced later guideli..11.es, even though the accepted orthography of \Velsh had not yet been settled. The efforts at standardisation of \Velsh orthography between the dates of 1 893 and 1 928 - all involvi.11.g John Morris-Jones - culminated with the UPiversity of \Vales' s publication of Orgraff yr Iaith 1 928. UP�urprishqgly, as the Gytr.araeg (OIG) orthographical debate had centred around forms for dictionary vvords, the accepted forrr.s for 'Nelsh toponyrr1s were understanti� bly neglected The question of an agreed form of representation of \Velsh place-names finally came to be addressed by the

\Vhich \Velsh ' standard' spelling? It may seem a straightforward enough decision to write place-name head"vords accordi.'1g to Welsh conventions, but whilst the conventions of Welsh spelling are not as varied as Breton or Cornish, there are differences of opinion on many minor aspects. These minor differences are not wholly resolved, especially i_n the case of place-names, these being usually rather peripheral to the interest of the literary-centred Welsh grammars. The usual authority cited for the correct spelling of Welsh place-names is the University of Wales's Board of Celtic Studies's A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names: Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd (1 957), but my own conventions differ from it in a few respects. I think that it will be beneficial to discuss the notion of 'standard' spelling, and its development before moving to the description of my own conventions.

,

The developn1ent of ' standard' guidelines for noting Welsh place-names Wnilst the earlier place-names from the sixteenth to the mid eighteenth centurj had a variety of spellings, the composi.11.g elements were assiduously kept separate. By the late eighteenth century, there is a marked increase i..11. spelli..11.gs that reflect the local pronunciation in the docu..'Tientation (perhaps, partly, due to the increase in the amount of the documentation from that period). The late eighteenth century also appears to have been a time when the spelling of place-name elements began to accord with their \Velsh dictionary foriTl� , and this tendency became the norm adopted by the Ordnance Sunrey, under the superi."ltendance of Thorr.t3-s Colby, in the early 1 820s [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. \Valters : 1 10], when worl

m

the

ultimate

irrespective of map forms - which are misleading

seen thus spelt, but one can quote Le\,;vJS

[ 1 485a] : G6attgyn [ 82] , Hobgyn [169].

and

40

Hopgyn,

act' are never seen \\lfitten as

As there remains regional variation in monosyllables I have always noted final zsa

39 However such borrowings from English as

actio 'to *acdio.

this respect - to uniformly lenite feminine

an adjective, e. g. Biif.fa l (72-a) � Piif.fald 1 747; Ddisgwylfa (5 l�b) � Disgwilfa 1 83 9, Disgwylfa 1 904; Garregddiddos gareg'�i{bs (59-b), Careg

syllable

, e.g. eri!! (lit. erai!l), cymint (lit. cymaint), as \vel! as the usual . These last two p ersonal-names are not commonly Glyncothi

in polysyllabic Pentref­

rather than

referents whether standing alone, or followed by

sometL.rnes gave

38

Pentre-isa (1 7-a)

isaj40 b)

in that

uniformly elide final

words, e.g.

act, *acd or

'-"'...-a;

rather

,

than

exception being the word

noted tre, uPJess TreJIJJn, 33�a).

x-Jv

the

e.g.

Blaenplwyf­

Blaenpb,y-isa

(the

tref wPich is ahvays is to be heard, e.g.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Ddiddos

1 891 ;

Garregslic (59-b)

�

Careg Slic

into two classes : i) those given locally, and, ii) those bestowed by foreign officials, voyagers, or maritime cartographers. It is well to keep this distinction in mind. As far as I know, the representation of place­ names with an English origin, from the point of view of Welsh orthography, has not been discussed before. Having declared that I write Welsh place-names according to Welsh conventions, the possibility of writing place-names of English origin according to two differing conventions (that of Welsh and English) demands further discussion. I have attempted to carry out two conflicting aims: firstly not to 'tamper' with English place-names just in order to create a misleadingly 'pure' Welsh corpus - which would certainly paint an unreal picture, but, on the other hand, I believe that preserving English conventions for every place-name of English origin could be equally misleading regarding the reality on the ground - and conveying this reality should be the toponymist' s basic objective as a social scientist. By 'reality on the ground' I am alluding to the fact that most of the 'English' place-names also became 'Welsh' toponyms due to the fact that they were the almost exclusive 'possession' of Welsh speakers. This 'possession' is highlighted by the singular pronunciations by which many are known throughout Cardiganshire. On the map the representation of these place-names is unremarkable, but if we ignore the map with its officialising I uniformising tendencies for a moment (as we also need to do sometimes concerning many disguised Welsh names) we come across an interesting phenomena of language mix and fossilised phenomena. Some English place-names in Cardiganshire go back at least to the thirteenth century, their presence became obvious in the eighteenth century with the mushrooming of inn-names, and they increased enormously in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The mode of infiltration of English into Cardiganshire means that there is temporal variety in the English place-names, and this temporal variety reflects different stages of English pronunciation, stages sometimes preserved through fossilisation as Welsh place-names. It is the temporal variety of English place-names in Cardiganshire that makes them difficult to treat even-handedly, even if this were possible. My aim has been to highlight those pronunciations that are ' singular' by the standards of Modern Welsh or English, e. g. Codatsh, Rhal, Nefi­ hiil, Bondaj, Mowntan, Sbeit. It is possible to note these names in English orthography as was the tradition in official documents: Cottage, The Hall, Navy Hall, Bondage, Mountain, Spite, but this would not convey what these names became in the Welsh

1 89 1 .

c)

to elide open vowels in pre-stress position mostly - when following another element or defmite article, e.g. Ysgwarnog (78-b) vs. CerrygsgMiamog (32-b) vs. Cnwc-y-sgwamog (3a); Ysgoldy-fach (3 1-a) vs. Creigau 'rsgoldy (72b); Ysgubor-y-banc (74-a) vs. Cnwcsgubor (27-a); Parcmryson (9-a) vs. Cnwc-y-mryson (34-b) ( � ymryson); Ffynnon.ffeirad (14-b) vs. Twlc-y­ .ffeirad (32-b) (� o.ffeiriad); Pantsguthan (1 4-a) (� ysguthan); Cwmsgawen (25-a) (� ysgawen); Dolbolion (40-a) ( � ebolion). Some dialect forms, particularly those which are demonstrably old and widespread have also been represented: instead of in those areas where it d) is thus pronounced, e.g. Boudyau (24-a) rather than Beudyau; Bola-houl (23-a) rather than Bola-haul; Fronhoulog (8-a) rather than Fronheulog. e) noting place-names without the jod, e. g. (59-a) FfYnnongeinog than rather FfYnnongeiniog; Bryntrapau (34-b) rather than Bryntrapiau. f) noting rather than (and cwarel rather than nW. chwarel). noting the realisation of the clusters , g) , rather than , , , e.g. Llainbanal (77-a) rather than Llainbanadl; Howni (d) rather than *Hodni; Pen-y-genfen (58-a) rather than Pen-y­ gefnen. h) noting the regional form of miscellaneous words, e.g. gwachal gwachel for gochel; meudr for * beudr; strj;t for stryd; ysgwarnog for ysgyfarnog; tywad for tywod, ysg!aig for ysgolhaig etc. i) noting the y form rather than the yr form of the defmite article before initial [j], e. g. Jard-goed Ynyslas ;,,jard 'g :ljd (75-a), rather than Yr lard Goed 1 95 8, as well as before the word hwyad (pl. hwyaid) which is pronounced hwiad (pl. hwied hwi:d) rather than * hujad (pl. *hujed), e.g. Pwll-y-lnvyad (35-a) for Pwll yr Hwyad 1 79 1 . �

�

�

�

�

�

English place-names Though there is an incontrovertible preponderance of Welsh toponyms in Cardiganshire, it would be well to remember that not all place-names in Wales - or even Cardiganshire - are Welsh. A substantial minority are English. These divide neatly xlvi

The Place-names ofCardiganshire and Shop Mynydd [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 1 6] , are emphatically not so when given their Welsh guise: Pen­ y-stryt, and Siopmynydd. Tancwarel (59-a) was given as Tan y Quarry in 1 844. It is the purism of the Welsh dictionary tradition and Welsh literary figures, obstinately refusing to admit any words that had an English origin, that has hindered the development of a spelling of these words according to Welsh conventions. They remained English even after they had passed into every dialect of living Welsh. Slowly, with the passage of time up to the present, Welsh spellings of these words have become more established. For the present-day Welsh reader, a striking feature of Welsh books of the period 1 85 0--1 91 4 is that when these words of English origin were noted in a Welsh context (usually a quoted speech), they would be noted in conventional English orthography in italics, even though their pronunciation could be markedly different from the original English word: 1 864 B. Williams : yn eu clogs (9] . 1 88 3 J. Evans : y vestry [38]. 1 892 T. E. Morris : signio [80] . 1 894 1 Evans : y clock [ 1 42] 1 897 J. V. Morgan : ei fusness [125]; ar front pwlpud [ 1 34] ; introducio [ 1 42] ; yn sound [ 1 43] ; just mewn pryd ( 1 55]; e1 foundry [ 1 56] . 1 898 J. Hughes : yn odd [ 1 4] ; a business [56]. 1 906 J . J. Morgan : y shaft [34]; i'r balloon [ 1 1 0] ; y spite mwyaf [ 1 28] ; y glass [ 1 32] ; y group [ 1 35]; eu drivio [ 1 66] ; beth yw'r odds i ti [ 1 90] ; ei shawl [239] ; y plantation [240] ; a simmero [453]; y sign (567] . 1 907 l Evans : sticko . . . at eich gwaith [ 1 08]. Other examples are "booko" [1 8002hWFM MS 1 696/22t "hooliganiaid" [ 1 906 Genedl Gymreig: 27/03/06). It is such practices that explain why spellings such as siop, ffatri, stesion etc, are hardly ever found written as such in documents of the period. The influence of English conventions on Welsh spelling continues in the spelling of Bethesda instead of Bethesta; Ewrop instead of Iwrop (+-- E. Europe); and symbol, symffoni, synthesis, system instead of sumba!, sumffoni, sunthesis, sustem (no Welsh speaker realises these words as *s�mb:ll,

environment of Cardiganshire, nor demonstrate variations that betray their temporal origin. That such names of English origin were treated just the same as the surrounding Welsh names is evident, from New­ inn (Carms.) which became part of a Welsh place-name in Mynydd New Inn 1 8 1 2, (much the same as the neighbouring M[ynydd] Pencarreg and M[ynydd] Llanybydder [OS1 812]); or Cross-Inn-fach [ 1 928 CAST: 6.54 ] 41 and Cross Inn fawr 1 779 [ 1 779 M. Richardson MSS: 449] ; Whitehall-isa and Whitehall-ucha (SN 78-44, Rhandinnwyn, CanllS.) [inf. D. Davies] , and Temple­ building-isa + -ucha tempJ,brldiiJ'i·Ja + ·�za (Cribyn, 25-a) [inf. M. Thomas] . Place-names which contain components found in both languages need to be treated with care, because due to the contrary order of elements in Welsh and English syntax one can in these cases assign a place-name to one language or the other. In Welsh the referent (usually a noun) precedes the qualifier (an adverb or a noun), whilst in English the qualifier (an adverb or a noun) precedes the referent (usually a noun). The clearest example of difficulty in assigning a language of origin to a place-name is the mansion usually written as Lodge Park, where both elements are English loanwords, but in fact it constitutes a Welsh coining, which I write Lojparc (77-a). The Welsh interpretation gives ' lodge of the park', rather than the English interpretation 'park of the lodge' . Early OS forms do in fact give Park Lodge, which would be the equivalent of W. loj y

pare. 42 However, in most cases the order of the elements enable us to confidently interpret a name as Welsh or English, so, for example, Turnpike-bach on the OS maps is evidently a Welsh place-name, whilst Aeron Villa is an English place-name. The second is a hybrid name, with a Welsh river-name with an English element, whilst the frrst is a hybrid name only in appearence. Turnpike-bach is not a true hybrid, because it is an anglicisation of the true form which was Trympeg-bach (sub Coedmor Lodge, 3-a). Whilst - admittedly - the first element trympeg is a welshified form of E. turnpike, trympeg is a Welsh word, and not an English word, in just the same way that many English words are ultimately anglicised versions of French words. What appear as hybrid names from the OS maps of Flintshire, Pen y Street,

*s�mf:lni, *s�neesis, *s�stem). 43 The unaccented

41 This place was the kernel of the present-day village ofLlanf:thangel-ar-arth (Carms.). 42 To confuse matters there also exist some Welsh

43 This was the view of J. Gw. Griffiths in an article entitled 'Cymreigio'r upsilon' [ 1 951 Lienor: 30. 1 7980] though he based his argument on the fact that the Greek was nearest W. , whilst Greek was nearest W. (an argument which I regard as irrelevant).

examples of Pare Lodge, which could constitute an equivalent of E. Lodge Park, but may have been influenced by the surrounding park which is sometimes named after the lodge! xlvii

The Place�names ofCardiganshire medial syllable in English is elided in \Velsh speech

headv.rords. He replaced the English article

but tends to be preserved in Welsh v-.rritings, e. g. pn.

the Irish article

Abraham abram, tn. Bethlehem beeiem; bungalow b�.gg!o; factory fa(k)tri; camera kamra; liquorice hknJ; lottery btri; vicarage vikred3; parliament par(l)mcnt; amra! for E . 'admiral' [ 1 759 in 1949 H. Owen: 2.412] . That elision of the unaccented medial syllable of English is old is demonstrated by L. Dv.T.n [c. l 600: 1 . 27] \Vriting the f. pn. Alison and the sn. } 1ortimer as �4lson and .Lll 1ortmer. The E. pn. Olil'er became O{fitr h'1 Welsh, e.g. Ol.fir [c. l600 L. D"'Till: 1 . 36 ] Olvir Morris (MachyP..lel fu., Monts.) [ 1 757 L. Morris in 1 949 H. Owen: 9 1 5], Cardiganshire sn. Oliver pronounced :l!vrr [ir..f ] ; and the E . sn. Salisbury was commonly written Salsbri in Welsh texts of the sixteenth century and we also fmd Ymambri ' in

Castle

a),

b)

�

Saint David; Well, 1 7-a).

d'

not to write the genitive apostrophe < '> next to e. g. Miners (59-a), Sailors Home (20-a), Gilbertsons Row (70-a), rather than Miners ', Sailors ' Home, or Gilbertson 's Row (it is, in any ,

case,

strategy with confidence for Cardiganshire I would names in anglicised parts of Waies as there is no

not

wholly beyond doubt

whether

the

origL.'lal of the

name was

A1iner 's Arms

or

Sailor 's Home).

I feel somewh_at vi.n.dicate

by

the usage

continuous living vVelsh tradition to double-check for

of English speakers,

d

seen in the

Kings-side (which seems to have applied to Gwaith Graig-fmvr (6 1 a)): "This form o f spelling [i.e. King 's Side] comment on the English name

errors as there exists h'1 Cardiganshire. In contrast to some other counties have a much needs

rapidly became mutated to Kingside and this was

unravelling, where the meeting of two tongues poses

the speliing which was usualiy used after about

the question as to which language is concerned. In

1 850." [ 1 979

fact my decision is probably prompted by the fact that

c)

Cardiganshire is such a Welsh county, and thus very and

e.g.

�

e. g.

not venture a Welsh ' correct' spelling for some place­

England,

saint,

when followed by a refere t it needs to b note

written sources. Whilst I have been able to adopt this

obscure

in names follO\-\ling the Saint Paul (65-a), Saint David (65rather than Saint Pauls Saint Davids (thouQh

not to v�vrite ger.iti'\:ve title

the ' official' version I have kept to the form in the

of

6 Ciobb.ain: XXYiii ) .

decided: a)

there were Welsh versions parallel or different from

areas

[ 1 985 B.

on the spelling conventions of English place-names, I

from Celtic countries) . Unless I have evidence that

most

xxviii] .

have attempted to uniformise certain variations. I have

case with certai.11 contemporary sources of toponyms

from

B. 6 CiobhaL.'1:

[ 1 985

\VPich

Dzt11kerron

Whilst I do not pretend to have a sufficient

only ever had English forms (tr.Lis can certainly be the

different

Ciobhain:

corpus of English toponyms to warrant a firm opinion

falsely reinstate Welsh names onto place-names which

toponymy is generally more

B. 6

names

Guidelines for English place-names

to an int1ated sense of chauvinism or nationalism) to

that

Dun Cianiin Castle

Gairdin &;yers

their worthy and rightful place, I have not tried (due

history

English

place-names should be left in the original spelli..1g 1 , 1.e.

Whilst one o f my aims i n the work i s to

toponymic

' corrected'

or anglicised personal names, forw.i11g part of Irish

promote the native Welsh forms of place-names to

complicated

to

with

But he found it a subj ective exercise whether English

Banbury' (Llandydoch) [c. l 600 Egerton MS 1 586: 8 1 ] .

more

also

contained an Irish place-name, such as

,

Cardiganshire,

He

the,

when the rest of the formation

V·!as a 'genuinely Irish forro..ation' [ 1 985 xxviii] .

..

..

an/na,

CER:

8.424] .

hill and pleasant Castlehill, fl.1ountpleasant, rather than Castle Hill, Mount Pleasant or Castle-hill, Mount-pleasant. to joL.'1 ftnal elements such as etc, e.g.

whose needs

referri.t1g to more than one language. \Vrillst I would not necessaril�l advocate the flouting of OS forn:1s in England, I feel it

is

the best thing to do in the case of

Conclusions

most of \X/ales, or at least \tvhere \l./elsh place..-names are predmninant within living memory. Concerning

Despite the fact that the forms of words

place-names that have not survived to the present

contai..11ed i.11 the headwords of the place-name corpus

century,

I have had no

quahllS

of tbis work are not always identical to the forms of

i.t1 producing a

the \\'Ords found

modernised headword, for vVelsh lends itself well to

in contemporary dictio:r1aries, for ease

modernising (T. James & S. Taylor [at the third Congress

of reference I r..ave put the dictionary form of words L.'l.

of t.�e

the lexical breakdown of each entry, and I give a few

SNSBI,

Aberjstvvyt.�

1 6/04/94]

recommended

illustratory examples below:

"hypothetical reconstructed fonns" for \Velsh place­

names when they conta�ed "recognisable elements"). In Ireland B. same

policy

0

Ciobhain has adopted the

of favourL.'lg

the

Irish

fonr.s

for xlviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

Brynce.syg

analysed as

[bryn + y + cesig]

Argoed-ag-Ystrad

analysed as

[tn. Argoed (3 3-a) + ac + tn. Ystrad (33-a)]

Cerrygnvyn

analysed as

[cerrig + yr + "Wyn]

Gwachaldagu

analysed as

[gochel + tagu)

However, place-names are excepted from conforming to dictionary forms in the lexical breakdown of each entry, thus whilst

Cerrygbendigaid is analysed as + bendigaid], the nearby Magwyr Cerrygbendigaid is analysed as [magwyr + tn. [cerrig

Cerrygbendigaid (59-b)] .

x1ix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

G EN ERAL ABBREVIATIONSI []

II II II

()

(2x) { }

>

- a) editor's comments b) phonetic rendering in IPA c) letters missing - complementary contextual variation between forms either side ofthe slash (cf [ � ]) - phonemic rendering in IPA - phonetic symbols between double slashes ' a broad IPA rendering, most often used when dealing with both members of a vowel-pair (see Wmffre 2003 pp. 7-9, 29) - quote - a) loose quote, paraphrase, if a sentence or a phrase b) modernised orthography, or tampered form, if a tn. or pn. - a) usual meaning of an aside b) if upon following a date, another date is immediately given in brackets, indicates the date of surviving document. - tn. written twice upon map source - a) in text, a cross-reference b) in the corpus, a palaeographical note, or source of variant reading c) in bibliography, a reference to the source - graphemic rendering - a) if following a date, terminus post quem b) if preceding a date, terminus ad quem shows direction of linguistic development - a) shows direction of linguistic development b) water-course flowing into another water-course - hyphen (often found as < > during eighteenth-nineteenth centuries) - date of death - before a form, a reconstructed or unattested spelling or pronunciation - pronunciation extracted from place­ names, rather than from the living language - a) 'free' variation between forms either side of symbol (cf [ I ]) -

=

t

*

+

G. 0. Pierce noted in 1 990 that: "No standard list of abbreviations for use in place-name studies as such appears in the University of Wales Press publications ." A project under the supervision of P. W. Thomas at Cardiff University is at present preparing a bibliography of Welsh toponymic studies, but was not ready for use by this study.

b) link between a hydronym 's outlet location and source location, i.e. 45 -63 6067 gives the outlet ofthe Aeron river at SN 45-63 and its source as SN 60-67 - quoted phonetic spelling adapted to the conventions outlined in Wmffre 2003 pp. 530 (esp . p. 1 3) - ellipsis a: - aber, mouth of river (a) - if following a numeral and hyphen, habitation, dwelling abstr. - element (or elements) oftn. abstracted from another tn. acr. - acronym adj . - a) adj oining b) adjective AN-F. - Anglo-French alias Anglo-Norman ai. ioc. - alio loco, i.e. referring to 'another location' al. nom. alio nomine, i.e. referring to 'another name' als. - alias, or 'also known as' - attested as early as att. b. - built b: - blaen, source of river (b) - if following a numeral and a hyphen, natural feature B - Baptist, Christian denomination B. - Breton - baronet bart. BCW. - Breton-Cornish-Welsh (terms identical in all three languages) B-F . - Breton French, alias Gallo (BGCh) - forms noted by 1 992 B. G. Charles but not double-checked by myself. (bgh) - borough Bibl. - biblical bn. - bardic name - Brittonic Britt. C. - Cornish C - when between brackets, e.g. < >, [ ] , I I, II II, a consonant, for example is short for - circa, or 'about' c. (c) - a) if alone, or if preceding a numeral, campus!cae, field-name, or natural feature (not a dwelling) b) if following a numeral and a hyphen, _ nver-name. - charter cart. C-E. - Cornish-English, Anglo-Cornish, English dialect ofCornwall cens. - census cent. - century - compare cf (chp) - chapelry, chapel clos. - closed �

-

The Place-names ofCardiganshire - Calvinistic Methodist, Christian

fol.

denomination

Col.

- Colonel, military title

form.

coiL

- collective place-name, e.g. Esgairmeini being the collective name of Esgairmaen­ fach, Esgairmaen-fawr, Esgairmaen-ganol, and Esgairmaen-newydd (34-a)

Fut.

CM

(com) compl. contd.

- continued - correspondence

- German

G-P.

- dedicated to, followed by a saint' s name

- Gallo -Pritanic, Gallo-Brittonic (the ancient

(h)

- hamlet

hn.

- hydronym, water-course name name

denom. - denomination ofN onconformist religious

(ho)

building

hsn.

depr.

- depreciative

des c.

- descriptive, a description of a place described, rather than a naming of it, e.g.

bd3'park for Park Gate (77-a)

or river

- house, dwelling

- hereditary surname

(hun)

- hundred

I

- Independent, Christian denomination

id.

- idiolect, personal and idiosyncratic - id est,

pronunciation

dest.

- destroyed

I.e.

dis g.

- 'disguised ' place-name. 2

I-E.

E.

- a) English

e

- grange

Celtic language of Gaul and Britain)

- Cambridge University Press

i

Germ.

(gng)

- cottage(s)

bd3

- Gaulish

not double-checked by myself

corr.

ded.

- Future

G.

(GMG) - forms noted by 1 94 8 G. M. Griffiths, but

- completed

- consecrated

CUP

- forthcoming

gen.ed. - general editor

- commote, C\vmwd

cons.

cott(s).

forthc.

-folio, or 'unnumbered page in manuscript'

- formerly

Imp .

- eastern

incl.

or 'that is '

- Indo-European

- Imperative - including

mcorp.

- chapel or church incorporated as an

English pronunciation - church, ecclesia

in£

- oral information without specific

eB .

- eastern Breton

ed.

- a) after name, editor

infra.

- refer (back) to

IPA

- International Phonetic Alphabet

e.g.

- exampla gratia, or 'for example'

Ir-E.

- Irish-English, Anglo-Irish, English dialect

- enlarged

L. leaflet

- Latin

b) if followed by phonetic symbols, (ec)

b) after date, edition en.

enl. esq .

- ethnic name - esqmre

institution within a denomination provenance

in Ireland.

- unpublished or insubstantial pieces of

est.

- established

work, loose sheets of contemporary origin

etc

- etcetera, or 'and so on'

not kept in any repository noted (Welsh) or

F.

- French

neccessary.

extr.

(English), (title) or (author); if thought

- see abstr.

f

- feminine

leg.

- facing page

- lege,

fac.

(lib)

- liberty

fn.

- feminine noun

(1/m)

- lordship or/and manor, lord

(lp)

- lordship

fl.

-jloruit, or 'flourished '

m. 2 A frustrating habit by some writers - though purportedly writing fact - of disguising the true names

of places.

Thankfully

it

is

common, but it does occur. I have come across

- Manx, Manx -Gaelic

(m)

- manor

MC.

- Middle Cornish

ME .

two authors who do this, viz. E. Clarke ( 1 969),

mess.

and D. M. Jones ( 1 926). With D . M. Jones, there

MI.

is either the semblance of the name, e.g.

Y Clogwyn mawr (= Glog-jawr), Llyn Cwmdy (= Llynwngu), Faes-y-fuches (= lvfaesboudy), Pont y Pererinion (= Pont Rhyd-y-groes); or a description of the location, e.g. Plas Pantglas (= Hafoduchdryd), Capel y Cwm (= Bethel).

mn.

MnB. MnC. MnE. Mni.

li

- masculine

M. MB .

not that

or ' read as '

- Middle Breton - Middle English - messuage, fannholding - Middle Irish - masculine noun - Modem Breton

- Modem Cornish als . Late Cornish - Modern English

- Modern Irish

The Place-names ofCardiganshire M.•1\V.

- Modern \Velsh

sic loc.

(mon)

- monastery-

s1c nom. - v.rrong name

MS(S)

MW . n n.

- manuscript, manuscripts - J\.1iddle Welsh - northern

- a) preceding numbers,

number

n.d.

- south-western \Velsh - town, villa

- note, notes

n\V.

- northern Welsh

nwW.

- north-western Welsh

tent. tit.

- Old Breton

OBW.

- Old Breton-Welsh (terms identical in both - Old Cornish

OE.

- Old English

Og.

- Ogam (archaic Irish script)

01

- Old Irish

op.

- opened - Ordnance Survey - Oxford University Press - Old Welsh

(p)

- parish

p.c.

- personal communication

(pc)

- parcel

pl

- plural

pn.

-personal-name

prox.

- proxima,

Q:

- preceding a quoted conversation,

reb.

- rebuilt

- pronounced or 'nearby'

- preceding a quoted conversation,

question

response

repr.

- reprint(ed)

rest.

- restored

Rev.

- Reverend, title of Protestant minister of

s

- southern

religion

- preceding a quote of conversation,

statement - shire, county

- sub anno,

year referred to in an annalistic

document

Se-E.

unloc

- unlocated - Universit, [ ] , I I,

II II, a vowel, for example < Vr > is short for

var. vill(s).

- variant

v1z.

-

- village(s)

videlicet, or 'that is to say'

- variant reading

vL.

- Vulgar Latin, Late Latin

vn.

- verb-noun (headword for verbs in Welsh

vol(s).

- volume(s)

w

- Present

- Preterite

s.a.

- township or hamlet - Unitarian, Christian denomination

UP

v.l.

Pres.Hab.- Present Habitual

(s)

- township

dictionaries)

Pret. pron.

S:

- title, i . e.

OW.

R:

(tp)

v

- opposite

- part

- tenement, fannholding

syr, sant etc - toponym, place-name

u

languages)

- southern Welsh

tn.

(tplh)

OB.

pt.

- survey

(t)

nt(s).

Pres.

sur

see hsn.)

- no date

- north-eastern \Velsh

OUP

- Spanish

sw\V.

- neuter noun

OS

Sp.

sW.

U. 11.

opp .

- surname or epithet (for hereditary surname

name

- newspaper cutting

neW.

oc.

sn.

sur map - survey map

b) preceding letters, common noun or n.c.

- '.x.rrong location

- Scottish-English

Sc-G.

- Scottish-Gaelic

seW.

- south-eastern Welsh

sg

- singular Iii

- western

W.

- Welsh

\VJ\1

- Wesleyan Methodist, Christian denomination

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

BIBLIOGRAP HY

References by date 1 1 5 8-65 ( 1 3 08a) cart. Slebech

- charter of Roger de Clare in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

1 1 5 8-65 ( 1 3 08b) cart. Slebech

- charter of Roger de Clare in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

>1 1 76( 1 308) cart. S lebech

- charter of Richard son of Tankard in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. l 90-92

1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Henry II in

1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys ab Gruffudd in

Ca!ChancR (var.) 1 285 p . 3 00 Ca!ChancR (var.)

1 28 5

pp. 299-3 00 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradftlur

- confirmatory charter ofRhys ab Gruffudd in 1 889 S. W. Williams lviii-lx,

>1 1 97( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys ab Gruffudd in (a) 1 893 E. Owen p . 46 and in

1 1 98 ( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradffiur

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys Gryg in

1 1 98 ( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys Gryg in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxi-lxiv, from a

> 1 200 cart. Aberconwy

- see sub 1 93 9 C. A Gresham

from a copy of a Moorcourt MS (b)

1 849 Monasticon vol.4 p. 1 63

(less correct readings)

Ca!ChartR

1 3 36 p. 3 83

copy of a Moorcourt MS 1 200 cart. Rotuli Chart.

- confrrmatory charter of John in Rotuli

1 202( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfflur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys Ieuanc in

Chartarum p. 44 Ca!ChartR 1 3 36 pp. 3 83-84

1 202( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys Ieuanc in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxiv-lxv, from a

1 2 1 4 cart. Hendy-gwyn

- confirmatory charter of John in 1 878 J.

> 1 227( 1 3 08) cart. S lebech

- agreement between Talley and S lebech in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

> 1 229( 1 308) cart. Slebech

- agreement between Talley and S lebech

> 1 246( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Maelgwn Fychan in

>1 246( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Maelgwn Fychan in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxv-lxvii,

> 1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

- confrrmatory charter ofMaredudd ab Ywain in (a) 1 893 E. Owen pp.43-44

>1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

-confirmatory charter of Rhys Fychan in (a) 1 893 E. Owen pp. 4 1 -42 and in

1 280Ext.

- Exchequer extent of West Wales in 1 904 F. Seebohm pp. 1 1 2-22

> 1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confirmatory charter of Cynan ab Maredudd in 1 425

1 292 subsidy th 1 3 cent. (c. 1 400) CChC

- see 1 950 F. Jones

1 302-03rent

- chief-rent of the King's land in Cardiganshire in NLW E. A Lewis PRO

1 3 06Ext.

- Exchequer extent of West Wales in 1 904 F. Seebohm pp. 1 07-08

1 3 1 7 cart.

- extent of Llanbedr Pontsteffan in 1 96 1

1 3 00% CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 890 J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans p . 4 1 0 (RBH)

copy of a Moorcourt MS

R

in

Daniel-Tyssen pp. 73-75 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

CalChartR

1 33 6 pp. 3 84-85

from a copy of a Moorcourt MS and in (b) 1 849 Monasticon vol.4 p. 1 63 (less correct readings) (b) 1 849 Monasticon vol.4 pp. 1 62-63 (less correct readings)

CalPatR pp. 295-97

- ' Cantrefl a Chymydau Cymru' in RepWMSS vol.2 pt.4 pp. 940-43 (= Cotton Domitian MS A viii) facsimiles S . C. 1 1 /770 - Rep.PRO vol.25 pp. 422-24

CER vol. 4 pp. 1 44-45

in Suppl.AC pp.4- 2 1 R Daniel-Tyssen p . 78

1 43 3 Doc.BM

- BM MS 26596 ( 1 43 1 -3 3 )

1 447 cart. Hendy-gwyn

- confrrmatory charter o f Henry VI in 1 878 J.

c. 1 45 0 C ChC

- ' Cantreft a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 888 J. Gw. Evans p . 3 29 (Kwtta

1 53 9 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 5 3 9 J. Leland ( 1 769 edn) vol. 5 p. 1 8

1 543 CChC

- ' Cantrefl a Chymydau Cymru'

Kyvarwydd) (Cott.Dom. ) 1 63 ) [transcribed

in

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 p.953 (Peniarth MS

1 543 by Gruffudd Hiraethog, purports to date back to

the time of Llywelyn ab Grufudd] 1 564rent

- Rental Gwynionydd Is-Cerdin ( 1 564) in 1 965 262) liii

CER vol. 5 pp . 229-3 3

(= CD

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 565 WPB

- 'The port books of the port of Cardigan in Elizabethan and Stuart times' in 1 93 0

CAST vol 7 pp. 2 1 -49

c. 1 566 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.953 (= Peniarth MS

c. 1 566EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

1 577rent

- Rental of the Granges of Anhuniog, Hafodwen, Blaenaeron, Myfenydd and

1 587rent

- Assize Roll of Caerwedros [incomplete] (NLW Llangibby MS A-862)

1 590-91 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru'

1 47)

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1 -20 (= Peniarth MS

1 47) Dywarchen ( 1 577 Crosswood I MS 74)

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 p. 953 (= John

Brooke MSS) 1 590-91 EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1-20 (= John Brooke

MS S) 1 597/98rent

- Rental Maenor Llanbadarn-fawr ( 1 5 97/98) in 1 964

c. 1 600 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 88 8 J. Gw. Evans p. 3 29 (= Hengwrt MS

CER vol. 5

pp.47-53

1 606EPC

- 'Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

275) MS S)

in RepWMSS vol. l

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1 -20 (= J. Jones

1 6 1 3 rent

- Rental of the granges of Morfa-mawr and Anhuniog ( 1 6 1 3 Crosswood I MS

1 6 1 7rent

- 'The King's Court Leet (survey of Betwsithael)' in 1 906

1 6 1 8-1 9rent

- Rental o f the granges o f Anhuniog, Morfa-mawr, Blaenaeron, Pennardd,

1 650rent

- S ettlement of estates o f Sir John Lewes and James Lewes in 1 969 CER

1 65 1 rent

- 'A Survey of the Mannor or Lordshipp of Gwynionith Iskardin . . . ' in 1 963

1 6 5 1 rent

- ' A Survey of the Mannor of lskoed . . . ' in 1 963

1 660Pet

- ' Petition regarding the Crown Manors of Cardigan' ( 1 660) in Bye-ganes

1 685rent

- Rental St. David ( 1 685) (NLW MS 1 3 90-D)

1 690rent

- Rental Gwnnwys, Gwnnwys-ucha, Lledrod-ucha, Myfenydd, Cwrnystwyth,

1 693rent

- Copy of chief-rental of Llyswen in MR Llyswen

1 7 1 2sur

- Survey of Llanilar-isa (Llidiardau MSS box 4/1 /3)

1 745rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 75 8rent

- Survey ofLlandysul parish

1 77)

TCAS vol. 1

p. 5 5

Cwmystwyth ( 1 6 1 8-1 9 Cross wood IV MS 3 ) vol. 6 pp. 1 61 -64

CER vol.4 pp. 3 88-99 (PRO Parliamentary Survey E3 1 7/5) CER vol.4 pp. 3 74-87 (PRO

Parliamentary Survey E3 1 7/4) 01/23 / 1 895 p. l 3

Morfa-mawr, Anhuniog ( 1 690 Crosswood MSS)

1 760CF

in

1 896 W. J. Davies pp. 294-98

- list of Cardiganshire freeholders ( 1 760) in 1 9 1 3

HSWWT vol. 3

pp. 77-1 06

[var. lect. 1 948 G. M. Griffiths] 1 762rent

- ' Rental of the Chief-rent of the Lordship of Lampeter Pont Stephen . . .

'

(Falcondale MS 20) 1 767rent

- Rental of the Ffynnonbedr estate

1 768rent Crosswood

- Crosswood rental ( 1 768 Crosswood I MS 994)

in 1 98 3

B. Phillips pp. 23 8-40

1 769rent Crosswood

- Crosswood rental ( 1 769 Crosswood I MS 1 02 1 )

1 78 1 rent

- Survey of Llannarth Parish i n 1 93 0 D . J . Davies p.20 [ var. lect. 1 948

G. M.

Griffiths] 1 782rent Dolhaidd

- a Dolhaidd rental received by NLW from BRA in 1 947, quoted by 1 948 G.

1 787rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 795rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 799EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

M Griffiths as BRA 2 MS

in Myv.Arch.

( 1 870 edn) pp. 740-50 (= P. Panton

MSS) [including some notes by Iolo Morganwg] 1 80 1 Ab cens.open shelves (called Population Abstract:

Wales 2. Scotland (1801) liv

pp.460-63)

in NLW on Enumeration 1. England and

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 807rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadam {Nanteos MS S Box 20}

1 8 1 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called Abstract of the Answers and Returns

1 8 1 6rent

- Chief-rental of Anhuniog in 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog

1 82 1 Ab cens.

made Pursuant to .. . an Act for Taking an Account of the Population of Great Britain pp. 440-42) - Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn in WGaz. 2 1 / 1 2/1 93 9 - in NLW on open shelves (called Census 1 831 Wales pp. 8 50-57)

1 828rent Nanteos 1 83 1 Ab cens.

made Pursuant to . . . an Actfor Taking an Account of the Population of Great Britain pp. 436-39)

- in NLW on open shelves (called Abstract of the Answers and Returns

1 83 3 burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 836burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 83 7rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadam (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 83 8burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 84 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called Population Abstract:

England and Wales 1841

Enumeration

pp. 41 1 - 1 4)

1 84 1 cens.

- Transcript of the 1 84 1 census of the Aberystwyth district, in Ceredigion

c. 1 850sur

- ' Map and Particulars of Berth-ddu Manor' [map missing]

1 85 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Archives [faulty transcriptions, little use made thereof]

Census Returns: Enumeration 1851

vol.2

pp. 34-41 ) 1 85 1 Rel cens.

- The Religious Census of 1851: vol. J S. Wales

1 976 I. Gw. Jones & D.

Williams ( eds. ) 1 853 Poor Rate

- see NLW MS 2928-A

1 86 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Census ofEngland and Wales 1861 vol. 1

pp. 7 1 7-20) 1 87 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

1 875sur. landowners

Census Returns: Area, Houses and Inhabitants 1871 vol. 1 pp. 500-05) - 1875 Owners ofLand {NLW MSS dept. DI7 1 26}

1 877Per. clawdd-mynydd

- Perambulation of mountain fence of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records

1 88 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS)

Population 1881

Census Returns: Area, Houses and

vol. 1 pp. 477-5 0 1 )

1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd

- Perambulation o f mountain fence o f Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records

1 889Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 89 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS) Gogerddan MSS)

1 894 rates

Population 1891

Census Returns: Area, Houses and

vol. 1 pp.440-43)

- Rates of Lledrod-isa (copy in possession ofD . Jones, Moelwyn,

>1 895rent

- Survey of Anhuniog in 1 895 RCL WM vol.2 pp. 93 8-42

1 895guide New Quay

- 1895 Guide to New Quay

1 90 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Monmouth, Islands 1901

55-a)

Census Returns: London, Wales and

pp. 1 -40)

1 903Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 908Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 91 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Gogerddan MS S) Gogerddan MSS)

1 92 1 Ab cens.

Census Returns: Counties of Cardigan, Merioneth and Montgomery pp. 5-6) - in NLW on open shelves (called Census Returns: County of Cardigan pp. 2-

1 926sur

- ' Casgliad o Enwau Tai Dadfeiliedig ym Mhlwyf Caron Is-clawdd' in 1 988

4)

Barcud n. 1 22

lv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 929 Local Govt. Act

- ' An Act to Amend the Law relating to the Administration of Poor Relief, Registration of Births, Deaths, and Mariages, Highways, Town Planning and Local Government; . . . ' 27/03/1 929 in Public 23 1

General Acts 1928-29 pp. 49-

1 930sur

- 'Rhestr o Dai Gwag yn 1 93 0 yn Ardal Llanddewi Brefi' {sub miscellaneous

1 93 1 Ab cens.

- in NL\V on open shelves (called

documents }

Pembroke pp. 3-5) 1 93 3 Local Govt. Act.

Census Returns: Counties of Cardigan and

- 'An Act to Consolidate with Amendments the Enactments relating to Authorities for the Purposes of Local Government in England and Wales . . . '

1 967 WLS

1 7/ 1 1 / 1 93 3 in Public General Acts 1932-33 pp. 707-986} - Welsh Language Survey 1945 (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - Welsh Language Survey 1949 (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - in NLW on open shelves (called Census 1951: Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire pp. 1 -3 ) - in NLW o n open shelves (called Census 1961: Cardiganshire pp. 2-3) - Welsh Language Survey 1945 (Welsh Joint Education Committee) - Welsh Language Sun'ey 1967 D. G. Williams (Cardiganshire Education

1 97 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

1 972 Local Govt. Act

- ' An Act to make Provision with respect to Local Government and the

1 945 WLS 1 949 WLS 1 95 1 Ab cens. 1 96 1 Ab cens. 1 96 1 WLS

Committee)

Census 1971: Cardiganshire pp. 2-3)

Functions of Local Authorities in England and Wales; . . . ' 26/1 0/1 972 in 1 973 WLS 1 977 WLS

Public General Acts and Measures 1972 pt. 3 pp. 1 989-243 7 - Arolwg faith 1973 D . G. Williams (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - Arolwg faith 1977 H. D. Thomas (Dyfed County Council Education Department)

1 98 1 Ab cens. 1 983 WLS

- 1981 Census: County Report: Dyfed ( 1 982) - Arolwg faith 1983 W. J. Phillips (Dyfed County Council Education Department)

1 98 1 KSUA cens.

- 1981 Census: Key Statistics for Urban Areas: The South- West and Wales ( 1 984)

Reference by title or acronym AC ACL

- Archaeologia Cambrensis ( 1 846---+) -Archivfur Celtische Lexikographie, Whitley Stokes & Kuno

Meyer, Halle: M Niemeyer vol l ( 1 900), vol.2 ( 1 904), vol. 3 ( 1 907)

An. Boll.

- Anglesey Antiquarian Society Transactions ( 1 923---+) -Aberystwyth Studies ( 1 9 1 2-36) - Agricultural History Review ( 1 953---+) - Ainm ( 1 986----)-+- see 1 998 F. H. A Aalen et a!. -Archivum Linguisticum (old series) ( 1 949- 65) - Atlas Linguistique de Ia Basse Bretagne ( 1 924-63) P. - AI Liamm ( 1 946----)-+- Analecta Bollandiana ( 1 882---+)

Ancient Laws

- see A Owen

Ancr

- Yr Ancr ( 1 975-76), papur bro Llanddewi Brefi - Yr Angor ( 1 977-89), papur bro Aberystwyth

AAST Aber Studies AHR

Ainm AIRL AL

ALBB Al Liamm

Angor Ann. Camb.

- ' Annales Cambriae' (see 1 860 J. Williams)

Ann. Camb. (A)

- version (A) of the Ann. Camb. [compiled about 954]

Ann. Camb. (B)

- version (B) of the Ann. Camb. [compiled about 1 286]

Ann. Camb. (C)

- version (C) of the Ann Camb. [compiled about 1 288]

lvi

Le Roux

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography APLlangrannog - ( c. 1 925) App. Rep. CIMCEW - ( 1 835)

Archaeologia Arch. Wales ARCWW - ( 1 301-02)

A Science ATD - ( 1 990)

ATL ATL n.c.

Atlas Meirionnydd Att. Gen. vs. Bonsall - ( 1 880) AyAFF - ( 1 971 ) BAneirin - ( c. 1 250) Barcud Barn Barr Heol BBC - (c. 1 250) BBCh - ( c. 1 240) BBCS BBSt-David - ( 1 326) BC ( 1 953) Bede - (73 1 ) Beirniad BGG - ( 1 20()313) Bleg. (Dyfed) - (c. l 250(c. l 300)) Blewyn Glas Bodm.Manu. - ( 1 0th-1 1 thcent.) Bodvan BRA Breezy Borth Bretagne Linguistique Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ( 1 300%) Brit. Min. Bro Ystwyth Brut Dingestow - ( 1 200Y:!) Brycheiniog BS - (c. 1 475) BSAF BSCL Ceredigion - ( 1 990)

- ' Some of the Antiquities of the Parish of Llangranog' {in D. Thomas MS B-62 } - Appendix to the First Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales ( 1 835) vol. l [reports on Aberystwyth ( 1 69), Aberteifi ( 1 95), Llanbedr Pontsteffan (28 1 ) by J. Booth] - Archaeologia (1 794--+) - A rchaeology in Wales ( 1 978--+) - 'The account roll of the Chamberlain of West Wales from Michaelmas 1 30 1 to Michaelmas 1 302' in 1 923 BBCS vol.2 pp. 4986 - Advancement ofScience ( 1939--+) - Arolwg Tafodieithoedd Dyfed, Welsh Department, St. Davids University College, Llanbedr Pontsteffan [transcriptions of recorded oral material from Dyfed Welsh speakers collected in the 1 980s] -Aberystwyth Town Library - Aberystwyth Town Library newspaper cuttings; sometimes chaotic for reference purposes, but usually under centre of population headings; some unpublished essays amongst the cuttings. - see 1 971 G. Bowen - Attorney-General vs. J. G. F. Hughes Bonsall { 1 880 Cymerau MS 21 8} [Bonsall's case] -Achos yr Arwyddion F.fyrdd - Book ofAneirin in 1 93 8 I. Williams - Barcud ( 1 976-91) - Barn - Barr Heol ( 1 953-78) - ' The Black Book of Carmarthen' (see 1 982 A 0. H. Jarman) - ' The Black Book of Chirk' (see 1 909 J. Gw. Evans) - Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies ( 1 921 --+) - Black Book of Saint Davids - Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940, Cymmrodorion - Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum 1 969 B. Colgrave & R A B. Mynors ( eds.) - Y Beirniad ( 1 91 1-20) - 'Bonedd Gw)'r y Gogledd' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 72-74 - 'Llyfr Blegywryd' (see 1 961 S. J. Williams & J. E. Powell) - Y Blewyn Glas ( 1 986--+) papur bro Dyfi - 'The manumissions in the Bodmin Gospels' in 1 872 RC vol. 1 pp. 333-3 8 (ed.) W. Stokes - see 1 91 6 J B. Anwyl - Schedule-books of the British Records Association MSS - Breezy Borth ( 1 907) - La Bretagne Linguistique ( 1 985--+) 1 948 M. Richards - British Mining: Memoirs of the Northern Mine Research Society - Bro Ystwyth ( 1 975-76) papur bro cylch Llanfarian - 'Brut Dingestow' H. Lewis ( ed. ) 1 942 - Brycheiniog ( 1 95 5�) - 'Brenhinedd y Saeson' (see 1 97 1 T. Jones) - Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du Finistere ( 1 873--+) - Biological Survey of Common Land: n. 7 Ceredigion District, Dyfed ( 1 990) I. S . Francis et al. {Rural Surveys Research Unit}

lvii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

BT (RBH) - ( 1 3004/4) BT(RBH TJ) - ( 1 3 00%) BT(Pen.20) - ( B002/2) BTaliesin - (c. 1 275) Buched Beuno - ( 1 346) Buched Ciric - ( 1 500¥3) Buchedd Collen - ( 1 536) Buched Dewi (A) - ( 1 346) Buched Dewi (B) - ( 1 3 00313) Bye-gones ByS

CA CalAC CalAP CalChancR (supp.) CalChancW CalChartR CalCloseR CalFr CaliM CaliPM CalPR Camb. Journ. Camb. Quart. Camb.Reg. Cambrian Cambro Briton Camden's Britannia - ( 1 722) Canm. Blaencaron Canm. Carmel Canm. Rhydfendigaid Canm. Y. Cwrt-newydd Canm. Y. Lledrod Cardi Cardiff Recs. Carm.Journ. Cartae Glams. CAST Cat.BM

- 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (RBH version) (see 1 890 J. Rhys, J. & J. Gw. Evans) - 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (RBH version) (see 1 955 T. Jones) - 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (Peniarth MS 20 version) (see 1 952 T. Jones) - 'Book of Taliesin' J. Gw. Evans (ed.) 1 91 0 - 'Hystoria Buched Beuno' in 1 944 A. W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 6-22 - 'Buched Ciric' in 1 9 1 3 LBS vol.4 pp. 3 78-79 - 'Buchedd Collen' in 1 9 1 3 LBS vol.4 pp. 375-78 - see 1 988 D. S. Evans - see 1 959 D. S. Evans - Bye-ganes relating to Wales and the Border Counties ( 1 871-94) - 'Bonedd y Saint' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 5 1 --67 1200% - items 1 -63 (A, B, Dd) 1 200¥z - items 64-7 1 (E) c. 1 320 - items 72-76 (C, D, F, G) 1 600¥2 - items 77-99 - Carmarthenshire Antiquary ( 1 94 1 �) - Calendar ofAncient Correspondence Concerning Wales (see 1 93 5 J. G. Edwards) - Calendar ofAncient Petitions Concerning Wales (see 1 975 W. Rees) - Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls: Supplementary Close Rolls, Welsh Rolls, Scutage Rolls 1277-1326 - Calendar of Chancery Warrants vol. 1 1244-1326 - Calendar of Charter Rolls ( 1 226-1 5 1 6) - Calendar of Close Rolls ( 1 227-1 509) - Calendar ofFine Rolls ( 1 272-1 509) - Calendar ofInquisitions Miscellaneous ( 1 2 1 9-1 422) - Calendar ofInquisitions Post Mortem ( 1 23 5-1 507) - Calendar ofPatent Rolls ( 1 2 1 6-1 582) - The Cambrian Journal ( 1 854-56) - Cambrian Quarterly ( 1 829�) - The Cambrian Register ( 1 795-96, 1 8 1 8) - The Cambrian ( 1 804-93) - Cambro Briton ( 1 820-22) - Camden 's Britannia E. Gibson ( ed. ) 1 722 (extracts pertaining to Wales printed apart in 1 994 Gw. Walters & T. James) - YrHen Ddenven: Canmlwyddiant Capel Blaencaron 1876--1976 - Canmlwyddiant Capel Pontrhydfendigaid 1834--1934 - Canmlwyddiant Capel Rhydfendigaid 1859-1959 - Dathlu Canmlwyddiant Ysgol Gynradd Cwrt-newydd, 1878-1978 - Dathlu Canmlwyddiant Ysgol GynraddLledrod, 1877-1977 - Y Cardi_(1 966�) - Records of the County Borough of Cardiff vols. 1-6 ( 1 898- 1 91 1 ) (ed. J . H . Mathews) - Carmarthen Journal, newspaper ( 1 8 1 o�) - see 1 91 0 G. T. Clark - Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society Transactions ( 1 909-39) - A Catalogue of the MSS relating to Wales in the British Museum E. Owen (ed. ) pt. 1 ( 1 900) pt. 2 ( 1 903) pt. 3 ( 1 908) lviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography pt.4 ( 1 922) Catholicon - ( 1 499) CCH

- Le Catholicon de Iehan Lagadeuc: dictionnaire breton, jram;ais et latin ( ed. ) R F. Le Menn - Cardiganshire County History (gen.ed. !. Gw. Jones) vol. l ( 1 994) (eds. J. L. Davies & D . P. Kirby)

CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' , exists in at least five recensions: 1 ) 1 3thcent . (c. 1 400) CChC, 2) 1 3 00% CChC, 3 ) c. 1 566 CChC, 4) 1 590-9 1 CChC, 5) c. 1 600 CChC

CCL

CER

- Cardiff Central Library - CardiffPublic Libraries: Handlist ofEarly Documents (before 1500) in the MSS Department of the Reference Libra�y ( 1 926) - S chedule-book of Cardiganshire deeds in CCL - Celtica ( 1 946�) - Ceredigion ( 1 950�)

CF - ( 1 760)

- see 1 760CF

CG

CHVAberporth - (c. 1 950)

- Celtic Grammar ( 1 96 1 ) H. Lewis & H. Pedersen - The Carmarthenshire Historian ( 1 964�) - 'Book of Saint Chad' in LL xliii-xlviii - The Church and Village ofAberporth

CLJH - ( 1 300%)

- ' Canu Llywarch Hen' (see 1 93 5 I. Williams)

CLMR

-A County List ofManorial Records and other Manuscript Material relating to the Manors and Lordships of Wales vols . 1 -2

Clone

- Clone, papur bro Llanbedr Pontsteffan a'r cylch ( 1 982-85) - Clwyd Historian ( 1 977�) - Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies ( 1 98 1 �) { in 1 994 the name had changed to Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies} - The Cambrian News ( 1 869�)

CCL Handlist CD Celtica

CH Chad ( 9thcent. )

1 93 6 { in MSS Dept. , NLW} Clwyd Historian CMCS CN CO (GMG) - ( 1 7002/2)

- This is an unknown source given (mistakenly?) as by G. M. Griffiths 1 948 as NLW MS 3 5 00-B which is the 1 840-69 account book of the

Capel Cae'ronnen

(30-a).

An explanation for the

discrepancy may be that there was that NLW MS 3 5 00-B also included a MS of earlier date associated with Cae'ronnen which I have failed to find (the lands noted by GMG are situated

in the

vicinity of Cellan) . Cofiadur Cogn. Brychan - ( 1 3thcent. ( 1 5 02-5 5))

- Y Cojiadur ( 1 923�)

- ' Cognatio Brychan' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 1 7- 1 9

Col. (Damweiniau) - (c. 1 250)

- see 1 973 D. Jenkins

Col. (Gwynedd) - (c. 1 25 0)

- 'Llyfr Colan' (see 1 963 D. Jenkins)

ColFl CPSJ Brecon

- Colofnau 'r Flwyddyn T. Jones (ed.) ( 1 97 1 -74) - Cornish Studies 1 st series ( 1 973-85), 2nd series ( 1 993�) - Cartularium Prioratus de Sancti Johannis Evangelistae de Brecon

Cron.Wall.

- ' Cronica Wallia' (see 1 946 T. Jones)

Crosswood Add MSS

- Crosswood Additional MS S

CSRLS

- Cardiganshire School's Rural Lore S cheme 1 924-26 (see D.

Cornish Studies

( 1 884)

Thomas MSS) [ initiated by David Thomas, the then inspector of Cardiganshire schools; the information was generally collected from oral sources - though most of the place-names from the school at Pont Rhydfendigaid ( C- 5 8) were evidently extracted from the 1 904 OS map] Culhwch ac Olwen - ( c. l 1 00( c. 1 3 50)) CWPWL

Cwrt-mawr MS 44 - ( 1 5002/2)

- in 1 992

R Bromwich & D. S. Evans - Cardiff Working Papers in Welsh Linguistics ( 1 98 1 �) - in 1 936 H. Owen vo1.4 p. 443

lix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography CWSt-David MSS

- S chedule-books of the Church in Wales: Diocese of Saint Davids

Cyf.Eist. Llanbedr - ( 1 860)

Cymru

- Cyfansoddiadau buddugol Eisteddfod Llanbedr 1859 - in WML - Y Cymmrodor ( 1 877�) - Y Cymro - Cymru ( 1 892-1 927)

Daf.Nantmor - (fl. 1 470)

- see 1 923 T. Roberts & I. Williams

David Samuel

- see David Samuel MSS

DDE MS S

- D. D. Evans MSS

Ddolen Defodau Powys - c. l 4 1 5 ( 1 600%)

- Y Ddolen, papur bro Cwmystwyth, a Chwmwyre ( 1 978�) - 'Defodau Powys BM Add. MS 9867' in 1 896 MC vol. 29 pp. 1 -27

Dem.Calend. - ( 1 500¥2)

- ' The Demetian Calendar of Welsh Saints' in Rep WMSS vo1. 2 pt. 3

DENLF

- see 1 963 A Dauzat & Ch. Rostaing

Cyfn. (Deheub. ) - 1 1 00%( 1 3 004/4) Cymmrodor Cymro

DES ( 1 976)

p.936 {Cwrt-mawr MS 44}

-A Dictionary ofEnglish Surnames (see

1 976 P. H. Reaney &

R

M Wilson) Descr.DBH

- A Descriptive Account of the Devil's Bridge, Hafod . . .

DFL MS S

- D. Francis Lloyd MSS

DG

- Gwaith Dafodd ap Gwilym, fl. l 3 65 (see 1 952 T. Parry) [dated fl. l 340 1 992 R G. Gruffydd pp.434-3 5] - Dictionnaire des gloses en vieux breton ( 1 964) L. Fleuriot - Dictionnaire historique de Ia languefranraise, A. Rey (ed. ) 1 992,

DGVB DHLF

Paris: Le Robert DIL DMLLl DOB Drysorfa Dwelly - ( 1 9 1 1 )

- Dictionary of the Irish Language ( 1 953-75, repr. 1 98 3 ) - Dyfed mewn Lluniau: 1 Aberteifi, y Dref ( 1 976) - Dictionary of Old Breton ( 1 98 5 ) C. Evans & L. Fleuriot - Y Drysoifa ( 1 83 1 - 1 968) - The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary E. Dwelly

E.ALewis PRO facs.

- { see sub NLW}

EAWD

- Episcopal Acts relating to Welsh Dioceses (see

1 946b & 1 948 J.

C. Davies)

EC Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths

ECE MS S

- Etudes Celtiques ( 1 936�) - The Summing-up ofthe Lord ChiefJustice in an Action of Ejectment: the Ecclesiastical Commissionersfor England vs. Griffiths and Others in Crown Lands in Wales ( 1 875) - Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England MSS

EDD

- The English Dialect Dictionary ( 1 898-1 905, J.

E.Ff Llangadfan

- 'Enwau Ffermydd Llangadfan' ( 1 98 1 ) Merched y Wawr

Wright)

Egerton MS 1 5 86 - (c. 1 600)

- in

[unpublished]

EMWDS

THSC 1953 pp.73-82 - English Historical Review ( 1 886�) - English-Irish Dictionary T. de Bhaldraithe ( 1 959) - Early-Modern Welsh Defamation Suits {WFM MS 3322}

Encl. map

- enclosure maps

EPC

- 'Enwau Plwyfau Cymru' , in four main recensions: 1 ) c. l 566EPC,

E.P.Lloyd MS S

- a nineteenth-century abstract of earlier deeds of 1 697 and 1 7 1 8

EHR EID

2) 1 5 90-91 EPC, 3) 1 606EPC, 4) 1 799EPC. received by NLW from BRA in 1 947, quoted by 1 948

G. M

Griffiths as BRA

EPNE

1 MS - English Place-name Elements vols. 1 -2

EPNS

- the English Place-name Society

EPNS Journal

- The Journal of the English Place-name Society ( 1 968�) - Eriu ( 1 904�) - Episcopal Registers of St. Davids 1 39 7-1518 vols. l -2

Eriu ERSt-David

lx

( 1 956) A H. Smith ( ed.)

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Faner Newydd

- Yr Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd (from 1 93 0s Yr Eurgrawn) - Baner ac Amserau Cymru ( 1 8 57-1 992) - Y Faner Newydd ( 1 996---+ )

Feilscribhinn Torna

- see 1 947 S. Pender

Ff dd.

- Y Ffydd Ddi-jfitant ( 1 677) C. Edwards - Dam o'r Ffestival in 1 92 5 H. Lewis - Fferm a Thyddyn ( 1 988---+) - Friends ofHafod Newsletter - Flintshire Historical Society Publications (> 1 906---+) - Y Gambo, papur bro godre Ceredigion ( 1 982-84) - Dictionnaire breton: breton-franc;ais;Jranc;ais-breton

Eurgra\vn Faner

Ffestival - ( 1 5 00%) Fffh FHNL

FHSP Gambo Gamier

( 1 809-1 983)

( 1 9 86)

Garnier Garthen GB ( 1 926) GBGG

- Y Garthen, papur bro Llandysul a'r cylch ( 1 981-88, 1 989---+) - Geiriadur Beiblaidd T. Rees & D. F. Roberts & J. T. Evans & D. Williams & I. Williams ( eds.) - Geiifa Barddoniaeth Gynnar Gymraeg vols. 1 -1 2 [a-heilic] J. Lloyd-Jones 1 932-63

GCH

- Glamorgan County History G. Williams (gen.

ed. ) vol.2 ( 1 984),

vol. 3 ( 1 97 1 ), vol. 4 ( 1 974), vol. 5 ( 1 980) GD

- see 1 925 M. Maclennan

Geir. Glo.

- see 1 976 L. Davies

Gemau Ceredigion

- Gemau Ceredigion

Gen. CCP - ( c. 1 750)

- 'Genealogies of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and

(see c. 1 9 1 9 J. James)

Pembrokeshire Families' c. 1 75 0 (Peniarth MS 1 56) { 1 91 2 HSWWT vol. 1 } Gen. Gym.

Gir.DK

- Y Genedl Gymreig Y Geninen - Y Genhinen ( 1 950-78) - The Geographical Magazine ( 1 93 5---+) - Geography (> 1 9 1 2---+) (until 1 920 known as The Geographical Teacher) - Giriadur gallek ha brezonek: dictionnaire franc;ais-breton de poche F. Jaffrennou (bn. Taldir), Carhaix-Plouguer: Ar Bobl - Gearifhocloir Gaeilge-Bearla ( 1 98 1 ), An Roinn Oideachas - Glamorgan Historian ( 1 963 ---+) - Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg 1 979 R Hernon - Descriptio Kambriae, Giraldus Cambrensis ( c. 1 1 94) in 1 868 J. F.

Gir.IK

- Itinerarium Kambriae

Geninen Genhinen Geog.Mag. Geography Ger. Taldir - ( 1 9 1 4) GGB GH GIB

Dimock vol. 6 pp. 3-1 52 Giraldus Cambrensis (c. l 1 9 1 ) in 1 868 J. F.

Dimock vol. 6 pp. 1 5 5-227 Gir.Spec.

- Speculum Duorum Giraldus Cambrensis

( c. 1 208) in 1 974 M.

Richter

GMB

- The Glamorgan Village Book, Federation of Glamorgan Women's Institutes 1 993 [ Glam. VB] - Geiriadur Mawr ( 1 97 1 rev. edn) - Glossaire moyen breton ( 1 895-96) ( ed. ) E. Ernault

GMG

- see 1 948 G. M Griffiths

GM\VL

- Glossary ofMedieval Welsh Law ( 1 9 1 3) T. Lewis - Gogerddan Old Schedule [an incomplete nineteenth-century

Glam.VB GM

Gog. O S

schedule of the Gogerddan MSS held in the NLW] GOI Goleuad Golwg GPC

-A Grammar of Old Irish R Thumeysen ( 1 94 6 edn, & 0. Bergin eds. ) - Y Goleuad ( 1 869---+) - Golwg ( 1 98 8---+) - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymnt ( 1 950-2002) lxi

D. A Binchy

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography GPC prelim. GPN Greg. - ( 1 732) GRO GS GTM MSS Gwaith Christmas Evans Gwent Hanes Taliesin - c. 1 590(c. 1 750) Harl. MS 3859 - (>988) Haul Hav.EEW Hav.WW MSS HB - (c. 830)

HC

Hendreg. - ( c. 1 400)

HGK - (c. 1 250) History HMCh. HNAI HPB - ( 1 967) HSWWT Iaith y Rhos ID -

(>1 722) I.Morg. - (1 770-1 820)

Ind. Arch.

INSEE lists

lor. (Gwynedd) - ( 1 2001/3(c. 1 250)) Iorwerth Fynglwyd - (fl. 1 480--1 527) IPA Irish Jurist Itin.R Vaughan JCC Cardiganshire - ( 1 939) Jesus Coll. MS 20 - (> 1 200( c. l 340)) lliG JHSCW

- preliminary slips of GPC [p-y only] Gaulish Personal Names D. E. Evans ( 1 967) - Dictionnaire fram;ois-celtique ou franc;ois-breton Gregoire de Rostrenen - the Glamorgan Record Office, Cardiff - Great Sessions records, NLW - Schedule-book of Glanrhydw and Ty-mawr MSS - Gwaith Christmas Evans ( 1 898) vol. l - Gwent Local History: the Journal of Gwent Local History Council (1 976�) [contd. from PM] - 'Hanes Taliesin' (Llywelyn Sion's version copied by B. Simon of Abergwili) in 1 975 P. K. Ford pp.454-57 - genealogies from Harleian MS 3 859 { 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 9-1 3/ 1 888 Cymmrodor vol. 9 pp. 1 69-83 } - Yr Haul (from 1 950s Yr Haul a 'r Gangell) ( 1 836-1 983) - Schedule-book of Haverford (Eaton, Evans and Williams) MSS - Haverfordwest (Williams and Williams) MSS - 'Historia Brittonum' (Morris) - J. Morris 1 980 (Vatican) - D. Dumville 1 984 -A History of Carmarthenshire J. E. Lloyd (gen. ed. ) vol. 1 ( 1 935) vol.2 ( 1 939) - LlawysgrifHendregadredd (see 1 933 J. Morris-Jones & T. H. Parry-Williams) [dated c. 1 400 by D. Huws in 1 98 1 JllL WJ vol.22 p. 1 9] - Historia Gruffud vab Kenan ( 1 977) D. S. Evans ( ed.) - History ( 1 9 1 2-+) - History ofMount Church ( 1 904) in ATL n.c. - Handbook ofNorth American Indians (gen.ed.) W. C. Sturtevant - see 1 967 K. H. Jackson - Historical Society of West Wales Transactions ( 1 9 1 1-29) - faith y Rhos ( c. 1 980) V. Woolford {Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library MS 082480} - see 1 953 G. H. Hughes - list of Welsh dialect words [a--c only] collected by Iolo Morganwg in 1 988 R M. Crowe vol.2 - Industrial Archaeology: the Journal of the History ofIndustry and Technology (known as The Journal ofIndustrial Archaeology until 1 965) ( 1 964�) - Nomenclature des hameaux, ecarts et lieuxdits (Finistere, Cotes­ du-Nord, Morbihan) ( 1 946), Institut national de Ia statistique et des etudes economiques [list of toponyms, commune by commune, and cross-referenced by departement] - 'Llyfr Iorwerth' (see 1 960 A R. Wiliam) - see 1 975 H. Ll. Jones & E. I. Rowlands - The Principles of the International Phonetic Association (1 949) - The Irish Jurist (new series) (1966-+) - Itinerary ofRobert Vaughan (>1 667) in RepWMSS vol.2 pt.3 pp. 848-49 - The Jubilee of County Councils, 1889-I939, Cardiganshire - genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 41-50 - Journal ofHistorical Geography ( 1 975--*) - Journal of the Historical Society of the Church in Wales (1 947-+) lxii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

JMHRS JRIC JRSAI JWEH

Lampeter Photographs LBS

LGBCW Ceredigion - (1 982) Litt.Wall. LL Ll.Agkyr - ( 1 346) Llais Aeron Llambed Ddoe Llan Llandysul Ddoe LlCCLl Llen Cymru Llenor LlGC - ( 1 567) Ll. Ystalfera LGW Lloffion Llangynfelyn Llyfer Plygain - ( 1 61 2) Llyfr. Ceredigion Lochlann Longleat MS 624 - ( 1268) LP LTWL

LWPN Mabinogi (WBRh) - ( 1 300V4) Mabinogi (RBH) - ( 1 300%)

Manor.Paps. - ( 1 896) MBW MC MCRO

- Journal of the Merioneth Historical and Record Society ( 1 949�) - Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall - Journal of the Royal Society ofAntiquaries ofIreland ( 1 890--+) - The Journal of Welsh Ecclesiastical History ( 1 984--+) - Lampeter and the Upper Teifi Valley in Old Photographs ( 1 990) - S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher The Lives ofthe British Saints vol. 1 ( 1 907) vol.2 ( 1 908) vol.3 ( 1 9 1 1 ) vol.4 ( 19 13) - Local Government Boundary Commission for Wales: Report and Proposals for District of Ceredigion [with map] - Littere Wallie (see 1 940 J. G. Edwards) - The Book ofLlan Dav [mostly written c. 1 1 40, pp.77-99, 1 1 1-294, 296-330] 1 893 J. Gw. Evans (ed.) - Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi ( 1 894) (J Morris-Jones & J. Rhys eds.) - Llais Aeron, papur bro Dyffryn Aeron ( 1 976-1 988>) - Llambed Ddoe: Lampeter Yesterday ( 1 994) A Roderick & E. Davies - Y Llan, fortnightly newspaper of the Church in Wales - Llandysul Ddoe: Llandysul Yesterday ( 1 992) - Llawllyfr Cymdeithas Ceredigion Llundain ( 1 93 5-37, 1 95 1 -57) - Lien Cymru ( 1 95 1 --+) - Y Lienor ( 1 922-1 95 1 ) - Llyfr Gweddi CY.ffredin ( 1 567) ( 1 967 repr.) - Llysenwau Ystalfera ( 1 9002/2) MS 5pp. {in my possession} - The Linguistic Geography of Wales ( 1 973) A. R Thomas - Lloffion Llangynfelyn, papur bro Llangynfelyn ( 1 956-59) - Y Llyfer Plygain 1 612 ( 1 93 1 ed.11) - Llyfryddiaeth Ceredigion 1 600-1964 vols. 1-3 1 967 G. L. Jones (ed.) - Lochlann ( 1 958--+) - transcript by J. B. Smith (Aberystwyth) - see 1 961 H. Lewis & H. Pedersen - Latin Texts of the Welsh Laws (see 1 967 H. D. Emanuel) LTWL (A) - 1 1 00%(c. 1 250) LTWL (B) (Gwynedd) - (c. l 250) LTWL (C) (Gwynedd) - (c. l 250) LTWL (D) (Deheub.) - ( 1 200¥3) LT\VL (E) (Gwynedd) - ( 1400Yz) -A List of Welsh Place-names 1 968 G. Ellis {in map and pictures department, NLW} - White Book ofRhydderch text of the Mabinog� see 1 930 I. Williams - The Text of the Mabinogion and Other Welsh Talesfrom the Red Book ofHergest ( 1 887) J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans (eds. ) [the original text of the Mabinogi is supposed to date to c. 1 060 according to 1 978 R Bromwich cxxi] - Manors and A/fanorial Rights [assorted correspondence ofD. Ll. Thomas] - 'Magnae Baroniae Waliae' c. 1 580-1620 - Montgomery Collections ( 1 868--+) - Merioneth County Record Office, Dolgellau

lxiii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography MDR M.Eist. - ( 1 92 1 )

Mers. SR - ( 1 293) Merthyr Historian Mon Monasticon - ( 1 693)

Monasticon - ( 1 849)

- A1anorial Documents Register, Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (HMC), London {copy at NLW} - 'Rhestr o Dai Adfeiledig yn Rhanbarth Mydroilyn gydag Ychydig o Nodiadau: Eisteddfod Mydroilyn Boxing Day 1 92 1 ' {NLW MS ex 1 240} - see 1 976 K. Williams-Jones -Merthyr Historian ( 1 976-+) -Man: Cylchgrawn Sir ( 1950s) - Monasticon Anglicanum, or, the History ofthe Ancient Abbies, and other Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches in England and Wales ( 1 693) W. Dugdale -Monasticon Anglicanum: a History of the Abbies and other Monasteries, Hospitals, Frieries, and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, with their Dependencies, in England and Wales ( 1 849 edn, vols. 1 -6 - repr. of 1 81 9 edn) -Morgannwg: Transactions of the Glamorgan Local History Society ( 1 957-+) - Court Leet presentments {manorial records of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS } - Court Leet presentments ofLlanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1690-1736) {manorial records of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS ; transcript in NLW MS 1 3 5 1 9--B } - manorial records ofLlanddewi Brefi ( 1 834-69) vols. 1 -2 {NLW MS 2999-D} - manorial records ofLlyswen ( 1 693, 1 774-1 912) {NLW Min.Dep. 101 3-B } - Talsarn and Silian Court Rolls ( 1 891-1923) {NLW MS 22680-E} - Memoires de Ia societe d'histoire et d'archeologie de Bretagne (1 920-+) -Myvyrian Archaeology ( 1 870 edn) - Names: a Journal of Onomastics (1 953-+) - S chedule-book ofNeuaddlwyd and Aberaeron MS S - Nanteos Farm plans ( 1 764-1 9thcent.) - S chedule-book of National Eisteddfod MSS - newspaper cuttings, when date or newspaper unknown - The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth - NLW Deed MSS schedule-book - The National Library of Wales Journal ( 1939-+) - Schedule-books ofNLW Minor Deposits - Schedule-books ofNLW miscellaneous MSS - Nomina ( 1 977-+) - Nonconformist chapel registers - National Register of Archives, London - Index ofBaptisms at Four Calvinistic Methodist Chapels 1812-37 - see NR Ponterwyd - see NR Ponterwyd - see 1 962 E. van T. Graves - The Concise Oxford Dictionary ofEnglish Place-names ( 1 960 4th edn) ( ed. E. Ekwall) - The Oxford English Dictionary ( 1 989, 2nd edn) - Orgraffyr faith Gymraeg ( 1 928) Pwyllgor Lien Bwrdd Gwybodau Celtaidd Prifysgol Cymru - Oxford Latin Dictionary ( 1 968) [Classical Latin to AD 200] - Old Wales ( 1 905-07) - Onoma ( 1 950-+) ...

Morg. .MR Genau'rglyn

MR Llanbedr Pontsteffan

MR Llanddewi Brefi MR Llyswen MR Talsarn-a-S ulian MSHAB

Myv. Arch. Names NA MSS Nanteos fpls. Nat.Eist. MSS n. c. NLW NLW Deed MSS NLWJ NLW Min.Dep. NLW misc. MSS Nomina NR NRA NR Ponterwyd NR Tabernacl NR Trisant

OCVoc. ODEP OED OIG OLD Old Wales Onoma

lxiv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Orig.AC

OS OS TGCGB Pam. Papur Pawb Pays d'Argoat PBA PD PDB - ( 1 684) Peniarth MS 49 - (c. 1 600) Peniarth MS 53 - ( 1 484>) Peredur vab Efrawc - ( 1 3 00V4) PH PHCC Plwyf Cellan PM PN Pembs. PNRB PN Sussex PN Wars.

Pokorny PR PRO Prob. St-David Prog.Ker. Radio Cymru RBH - ( 1 300%)

RBH Poetry - ( 1 300%) RBTalgarth - ( c. l 400) RC RCA(H)M Pembs RCLW1vl RDAT - ( 1 986) RDW MSS Rec.Caem. - ( 1 3 52)

Red Dragon

- Original Documents (Archaeologia Cambrensis) {at the end of only one copy of Suppl.A C (the leather bound one) in Hugh Owen Library} - Ordnance Survey (see under maps, below) - 'Toponymic guidelines for cartography in Great Britain' in 1 982 Nomina vol.6 pp. 88-91 (Ordnance Survey guidelines) - various pamphlets in A TL - Papur Pawb, papur bro cylch Talbont ( 1 974---+) - Pays d 'Argoat, Bourbriac, Brittany - Proceedings of the British Academy ( 1 905--?-) - Schedule-book ofPembrokeshire deeds - The Account of the Official Progress of the First Duke ofBeaufort through Wales in 1684 T. Dineley {facsimile publication 1 888} - see 1 929 T. Parry - see 1 927 E. S. Roberts & H. Lewis - Historia Peredur vab Efrawc (ed.) Gl. W. Goetinck 1 976 - Pembrokeshire Historian ( 1 959, 1 966--?-) - Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium ( 1 98 1 --?-) - PlwyfCellan, anonymous history (1 945) in ATL n.c. - Presenting Monmouthshire: the Journal ofMonmouthshire Local History Council ( 1 956-1 975) [contd. as Gwent] - The Place-names ofPembrokeshire vols. 1-2 ( 1 992) B. G. Charles - see 1 979 A L. F. Rivet & C. Smith - The Place-names ofSussex, EPNS vols.6-7 ( 1 929, 1 93 0) A Mawer & F. M. Stenton & J. E. B. Gover, Cambridge: CUP - The Place-names of Warwickshire, EPNS vol. 1 3 ( 1 93 6) J. E. B. Gover & A Mawer & F. M. Stenton & F. T. S. Houghton, Cambridge: CUP - see 1 959 J. Pokorny - parish registers (see under NLW Manuscripts, below} - the Public Record Office, London - Probate Index ofSt. Davids: Cardigan 1600-1704 {NLW, manuscripts department on open shelves} - 'Progenies Keredic' c. 1200 in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum p.20 - Radio Cymru, the Welsh language radio of the BBC - Red Book ofHergest vols. 1-2 (J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans eds.) [dated 1 3 00% by D. Huws in 1 98 1 NLWJ vol.22 p. 1 ; c. 1 400 1 992 R G. Gruffydd p . 6] - The Poetry in the Red Book ofHergest J. Gw. Evans (ed. ) 1 9 1 1 - 'Red Book of Talgarth' (Llanstephan MS 27) [see I. Williams in BBCS vol.24 pp. 1 27-30] - Revue Celtique ( 1 870-1934) - Royal Commission ofAncient Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire: vol. 7 county ofPembroke ( 1 925) - Royal Commission on Land in Wales and Monmouthshire (1 89496) vols. 1-5 -Archaeology in Dyfed: a Revielv of Ten Years' Work by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust 1976-1986 - Rhys Davys Williams MSS - Registrum Vulgariter Nuncupatum 'The Record of Caernarvon : e Codice Msto. Harleiano 696 Descriptum ( 1 838 edn, H. Ellis ed.) [including 1 4 1 9 'Extent ofMerioneth' pp. 259-92] - Red Dragon ( 1 882-87) '

lxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Rep. CBWBEW - ( 1 837)

Rep. PRO RepWMSS

RIO RJJ MSS RMLWL Rotuli Chart Rotuli OF RST Rusquec S4C San Sbec ScDD ScG Studies Scottish Studies SDMC (EC) Situ Brec. SNSBI Studia Celtica Studia Celtica Japonica Studia Hibernica Suppl.AC SWDP

Taliesin Tax.Eccl. - (1 29 1 ) TCAS TDHS TGGUW THSC THSCaems. TIBG Tincer

- Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Report and Advise upon the Boundaries and Wards of Certain Boroughs and Corporate Towns (England and Wales) ( 1 837) vols. 1 -3 - Reports ��Records in the Public Record Office, London ( 1 840�) - Historical Manuscripts Commission: Report on MSS in the Welsh Language J. Gw. Evans (ed.) vol. 1 ( 1 898) vol. 1 pt. 2 ( 1 899) vol. l pt. 3 (1 905) vol.2 pt. 1 ( 1 902) vol.2 pt.2 ( 1 903) vol.2 pt. 3 ( 1 905) vol.2 pt. 4 ( 1 9 1 0) - Revue Internationale d'Onomastique ( 1 949�) - Rees Jenkin Jones MSS - Revised Medieval Latin Word List: from British and Irish Sources ( 1 965) R. E. Latham (ed.) - Rotuli Chartarum (1 83 7 edn) vol. 1 pt. 1 - Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Temp. Reg. Johannis 1 835 (ed. T. D. Hardy) - Radnorshire Society Transactions ( 1 93 1 �) - Nouveau dictionnaire pratique et etymologique du dialecte de Leon ( 1 895) H. du Rusquec, Paris: E. Leroux - Sianel Pedwar Cymru, the Welsh language television channel - Y San ( 1 983-84), papur bro Llandydoch - Sbec, Welsh language television magazine - The Scots Dialect Dictionary ( 1 91 1 ) A Warrack - Scottish Gaelic Studies ( 1 926�) - Scottish Studies ( 1 95 7�) - A Student's Dictionary ofModern Cornish: pt. I, English-Cornish ( 1 991) R. R M. Gendall - 'De Situ Brecheniauc' (c. 1 200) in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. l 4-1 6 - The Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland - Studia Celtica ( 1 966�) -_Studia Celtica Japonica ( 1 988�) - Studia Hibemica ( 1 96 1 �) - Supplement to the Archaeologia Cambrensis: Original Documents vol. l 1 877 - The Survey of Welsh Dialect Phonology of which 2000 A. R. Thomas was the publication [the large number of points of information I collected in various parts of Wales whilst I was a researcher on this project, between 1 991-97, were not directly relevant to the project, as a result of which they are unlikely to be published as part of that project] - Taliesin ( 1 961�) - Taxatio Ecclesiastica Papa Nicholai - Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society ( 1 905�) - Transactions of the Denbighshire Historical Society ( 1 952-�) - Transactions of the Guild of Graduates of the University of Wales ( 1 90 1 -22) - Transactions of the Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion ( 1 892�) - Transactions of the Historical Society of Caernarvonshire ( 1 939�) - Transactions of the Institute ofBritish Geographers ( 1 93 5�) - Y Tincer, papur bro Bow Street a'r cylch ( 1 977�)

lxvi

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography T.JonesDict. TM - (c. 1900) TMS TN

TPhS Traethodydd TRHS TS Tyddynnwr TYP

Uita Cadoci Uita Carantoci (I) Uita Carantoci (II) Uita Pauli Aureliani Uita Sancti Brioci Uita Sancti Dauid Uita Sancti Dauidis ( Gir. ) Uita Sancti Gundleii Uita Sancti Kebii Uita Sancti Paterni Uita Sancti Petroc Uita Sancti Samsonis VB Caron VE Vendryes WAEWD

Walde-Hofman WBRh - ( 1 300V4) WbW WCC MSS WDPN Welshman WFM WG WGaz. WHR

WLS WM

WML

World Arch. YCM - ( 1 300V4) Y.Llannarth YmofYnydd

- see 1 68 8 T. Jones - Tribanau Morgannwg 1 976 T. Jones - tithe maps and schedules {see maps} - see 1 993 C. H. Thomas - Transactions of the Philological Society ( 1 854�) - Y Traethodydd ( 1 845�) - Transactions of the Royal Historical Society - Cardigan and Tivyside Advertiser, newspaper - Y Tyddynnwr (1 923�) - "Trioedd Ynys Prydein' [composed originally c. l l 50] (see 1 978 R Bromwich) 1 200% - Peniarth MS 1 6 {pp. 1-1 1 9} 1 300V4 - White Book {pp. 1 22-84} 1 300% - RBH {pp. 1 22-84} 1 5thcent. - Peniarth MS 47 {pp. 1 85-200} 1 400Y2 - Peniarth MS 50 {pp. 201 -27} various sources {pp. 1 20-2 1 , 228-6 1 } - c. l l 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp.24-1 41 [some considerably later glosses at odds with the glosses within the text] - c. l l 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 42-47 - c. l 1 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans p. l 48 - c. 884( 1 0thcent. ) in 1 88 1 RC vol. 5 pp.41 3-60 - c. 850( 1 1 thcent. ) in 1 883 An.Boll. vol. 2 pp. 1 61 -90 F. Plaine ( ed. ) - c. 1 099(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 50-70 - 1 1 94 in 1 863 J. S. Brewer vol. 3 pp. 375-404 - c. l l 30 in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. l 72-93 - c. l l 00( 1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp.234-5 1 - 1 1 20 in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 252-69 - 1 4thcent. in l 956 An.Boll. vol.74 pp. l 3 1-8 8, P. Grosjean (ed.) - c. 800( 1 000V4) in 1 9 1 2 R Fawtier La Vie de Saint Samson, Paris: Champion - Caron Vestry Book ( 1 786-1 846) {in PR Caron} - Valor Ecclesiasticus 1 53 5 vol.4 pp. 393-97 - see J. Vendryes - The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary B. Griffiths & D. Gl. Jones ( 1 995) - see 1 982 A Walde et al. - see 1 907 J. Gw. Evans - Week by Week, West Wales newspaper - see ECE MSS - see 1 987 L. Dunkling & G. Wright - The Welshman, newspaper ( 1 845-1 9 1 0) - The Welsh Folk Museum, St Pagans, Cardiff - A Welsh Grammar (see 1 9 1 3 J. Morris-Jones) - Welsh Gazette ( 1 899�) - Welsh History Review ( 1 960�) - Welsh Language Survey of Cardiganshire schools, carried out throughout the late twentieth century, see under relevant years - Western Mail, newspaper ( 1 869�) - Welsh Medieval Law (see 1 909 A W. Wade-Evans) [Cyfn. (Deheub.)] - World Archaeology ( 1 969�) - Ystorya de Carolo Magno (see 1 930 S. J. Williams) - Ysgol Llanarth: Canrif o Addysg ( 1 984) - Yr Ymofynydd ( 1 848�) lxvii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Ystrad SF Ystyr.Enwau - ( 1 907)

YyA - ( 1 97 1 ) ZCP

- see sub miscellaneous documents - Ystyron Enwau yn MhlwY.fi Towyn, Llangelynin, Llanegryn, Llanfihangel y Pennant, Talyllyn, a Phennal anon. [Eisteddfod Tywyn 1907] - Ymgyrch yr Arwyddion - Zeitschriftfur Celtische Philologie ( 1 897--+)

PRIN T ED BO OKS Aalen, F. H. A. & Whelan, Kevin & Stout, Mathew (eds.) Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape, Cork: Cork UP 1 998 ab Alun, Man Aberystwyth 1277-1977, Aberystvvyth: author 1 977 Cestyll Ceredigion, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 991 ab !the! see 1 860 J. \Villiams Mable, P. O. & Beeler, M S. 1 996 'Place-names' in I. Goddard pp. l 85-200 Alexander, W. M. 1 952 The Place-names ofAberdeenshire, Aberdeen: Third Spalding Club Ambrose, W. R 1 872 Hynafiaethau, Cofiannau a Hanes Presennol Nant Nantlle, Pen-y-groes: G. Lewis Andrews, J. A & Henshaw, Lesley G. 1 983 'The Irish and Welsh languages in the courts: a comparative study' in Irish Jurist (new series) vol. 1 8 pp. l-22 Andrews, Rhian M. et al. 1996 Gwaith Bleddyn Fardd a Beirdd Eraill Ail Hanner y Drydedd Ganrifar Ddeg, Cardiff: UWP Anwyl, Edward 1 90 1 'Report of the Dialect Section of the Guild of Graduates' in 1 90 1 TGGUW pp. 33-52 Anwyl, John Bodvan Spurrell's English-Welsh Dictionary (rev. edn 1 93 7), Carmarthen: Spurrell 1916 ap Dafydd, Myrddin Welsh Pub Names, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 99 1 Enwau Cymraeg ar Dai, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 997 ap Gwilym, Gwynn & Lewis, Richard H. 1 98 1 Bro'r Eisteddfod: Cy.flwyniad i Faldwyn a 'i Chyffiniau, Swansea: Christopher Davies ap Nicholas, Islwyn 1 977 Heretics at Large: the Story ofa Unitarian Chapel, Llandysul: Gomer Arber-Cooke, Alfred Theodore Pagesfrom the History ofLlandovery vo1. 1 , Llandovery: Friends of Llandovery Civic Trust 1 975 Association Pagesfrom the History ofLlandovery vol.2, Llandovery: Friends of Llandovery Civic Trust 1 977 Association Ashe, Geoffrey 1 987 The Landscape ofKing Arthur, Exeter: \Vebb & Bower Ashton, William 1 920 The Evolution ofa Coast-line, London: Stanford Askew, Robert 1 888 Gossiping Guide to Wales, Oswestry: Woodall & Minshall Astill, Grenville & Grant, Annie ( eds. ) 1 988 The Countryside ofMedieval England, Oxford: Blackwell Awbery, Gwenllian 1 978 'Y tafodieithoedd Cymraeg' in Cyflwyno 'r faith Lenyddol ( 1 978), Pontypridd: Uned Iaith Genedlaethol lxviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 98 1 1 984 1 986a

' A phonological conspiracy o n the ground' in 1 98 1 CWPJVL vol. 1 pp. 1 -9 'Phonotactic constraints in Welsh' in 1 984 M. J. Ball & Gl. E. Jones pp.65-1 04 Pembrokeshire Welsh: a Phonological Study, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I Welsh Folk Museum 1 986b 'Tafodiaith S ir Benfro' in 1 986 E. George pp. 1 65-72 Cymraeg Sir Benfro, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 991 Blodau 'r Maes a 'r Ardd ar Lafar Gwlad, Llamwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 995 Awbery, Gwenllian & Jones, Ann E. & Suggett, Richard, F. 1 985 'S lander and defamation: a new source for historical dialectology' in CWPWL vol. 4 pp. 1 -24 Baker, Alan R H. 1969 'Some terminological problems in studies of British field systems' in AHR vol. 1 7 pp. 1 36-40 Baker, Alan R H. & Butlin, Robert A ( eds.) 1 973 Studies ofBritish Field Systems in the British Isles, London: CUP Bailey, Joseph Russell A History ofthe County ofBrecknock by Theophilus Jones vol.4, Brecon: Blisset & Davies 1 930 [ Glanusk ed. ] Balchin, W. G. V. 1 971 Swansea and its Region, Swansea: University College of Swansea BalL Martin J. ( ed. ) The Use of Welsh, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters 1 98 8 BalL Martin J. & Jones, Glyn E. (eds. ) 1 984 Welsh Phonology, Cardiff UWP BalL Martin J. et al. ( eds.) Celtic Linguistics: Readings in the Brythonic Languages: a Festschriftfor T Anvyn Watkins, 1 990 Amsterdam I Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Bammesberger, Alfred & Wollman, Alfred (eds.) 1 990 Britain 400-600: Language and History, Heidelberg: C. Winter Bannister, John A Glossary of Cornish Names, London: Williams & Northgate 1 87 1 Bardon, Jonathan A History of [Jlster, Belfast: Blackstaff 1 992 Baring-Gould, Sabine & Fisher, John 1 907-1 3 see LBS Barker, Thomas \Villiam Diocese ofSt. Davids: Particulars Relating to Endowments, etc., ofLivings: vo/. 3 Archdeaconry of 1 907 Cardigan, Carmarthen: Spurrell Barley, M. 1 963 'A glossary of names for rooms in houses of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries' in 1 963 I. Ll. Foster & L. Alcock pp.479- 501 Barrow, G. W. S. 1981 Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1 000-1306, London: E. Arnold Bartrum, Peter C. Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, Cardiff: UWP 1 966 1 967 'Rhandiroedd PO'AI)'S' in .NL WJ vol. l 8 pp.23 1 -37 Welsh Genealogies AD300-1400 vols. 1 -8, Cardiff: UWP 1 974 1 982 'Personal-names in Wales in the Fifteenth Century' in .NL WJ vol.22 pp.462-69 BaudiS, Josef 1 924 Grammar ofEarly Welsh: pt. I Phonology, London: OUP Bebb, VV. Aunbrose 1 922 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Sir Drefaldwyn' in 1 98 1 B. Griffiths pp. 87-1 1 8 1 929 Llydaw, London: Foyle Cnvydro 'r Cyfandir, Wrexham: Hughes 1 93 6 Dydd-lyfr Pythefnos neu Ddawns Angau, Bangor: Sackville 1 940 Pererindodau, Aberystwyth: Y Clwb Llyfrau Cymraeg 1 941 Benjamin, E. Al\vyn lxix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Footprints on the Sands of Time: Aberystwyth 1800-1880,

1 986

Aberystwyth: Dyfed County Council

Cultural S ervices Department Bessat, Hubert

&

1 993 200 1

Germi, Claudette

Lieux en Memoire de 1 'Alpe: Toponymie des A/pages en Savoie et Vallee d 'Aoste, Grenoble: Ellug Les Noms du Paysage Alpin: Atlas Toponymique Savoie, Vallee d 'Aoste, Dauphine, Provence, Grenoble: Ellug

Bettey, Joseph H.

Church and Parish: an Introduction for Local Historians, London:

1 987

Batsford

Betts, Clive

Culture in Crisis, Upton:

1 976

F:fynnon

Bevan, R. E . 'Notes on Llanarth and neighbourhood' in

1 926

CAST vol.4

1 92 6 pp. 60-7 1

Bevan, J. T. 1 97 1

see sub theses

Beynon, Tom

Cwm Sel a Chefn Sidan,

1 946

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Flintshire Place-names, Cardiff: UWP 1 959 Davies, Elwyn A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names, Cardiff: UWP 1 957 'Hendref and hafod in Merioneth' in JMHRS vol. 7 pp. 1 3-27 1 973 'Hendref and hafod in Denbighshire' in TDHS vol.26 pp. 49-72 1 977 'Hendref and hafod in Caernarvonshire' in THSCaems. vol.40 pp. 1 7-46 1 979 'Hafod, Hafoty and Lluest, their distribution, features and purpose' in CER vol. 9 pp. 1 -41 1 980 Davies, Evan 1 905 Hanes PlwyfLlangynllo, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Davies, Evan Beynon 1 933 The Story ofNew Quay, Cardiganshire, New Quay: Llysawel Davies, E. J. 1 95 5 see sub theses Davies, Hettie Glyn 1 958 Edrych yn 61, Liverpool: Brython Davies, Hazel "r. Bro a Bywyd: Syr O.MEdwards 1858-1920, Cardiff: Welsh Arts Council 1 988 Davies, John Antiquae Linguae Britannicae Rudimenta, London: R Young 1 621 Davies, John Llethi Afonig Llanarth, Newcastle Emlyn: J. R Davies 1 868 Davies, John c. 1 880 Cofiant y Parch. John Jones, Blaenannerch, Wrexham: Hughes & S on Davies, John Hanes Cymru, London: Allen Lane I Penguin 1 990 Davies, Jonathan Ceredig The Folklore of West and Mid Wales, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 191 1 Davies, James Conway 1 940 The Welsh Assize Roll 1277---84, Cardiff: UWP 1 946a 'A papal bull of privileges to the abbot of Ystradfflur' in NL WJ vol.4 pp. 1 97-203 1 946b Episcopal Acts and Cognate Documents Relating to Welsh Dioceses 1 066-1272 vol. 1 , Cardiff: Historical Society of the Church in Wales Episcopal Acts and Cognate Documents Relating to Welsh Dioceses 1 066--1272 vol.2, Cardiff: 1 948 Historical S ociety of the Church in Wales Davies, J. E. 1 99 1 0 Graig i Graig, Port Talbot: author I Llyfrau Alun Davies, John H. The Morris Letters vol. 1 , Oxford: author 1 907 The l\;forris Letters vol.2, Oxford: author 1 909 Davies, John Henry 1 967 History ofPontardawe and District, Llandybie: C. Davies Davies, J. J. Glanrnor 1 934a see sub theses 1 934b 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Ceinewydd a'r cylch [(I)]' in BBCS vol. 7 pp.246-57, and 'R.hai gwerineiriau diddorol o ardal y Cei' in BBCS vol. 7 pp. 258-260 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Cei-newydd a'r cylch [(II)]' in BBCS vol. 7 pp. 353-62 1 93 5 1 936 'Some dialect forms from the district of New Quay, Cardiganshire' in ZCP vol.20 pp.293-3 03, 40928 Davies, J. L. 1 994 'The Roman period' in CCH vol. 1 pp.275-3 1 7 Davies, J. L. & Hogg, A H. A 1 994 'The Iron Age' in CCH vol. l pp. 2 1 9-74 Davies, John Morgan 1 966 0 Gwmpas Pumlumon, Aberystwyth: Cyrndeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion Davies, Kate lxxiv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Hafau .fY Mhlentyndod ym MhentrefPren-gwyn, Llandysul: Gomer 1 970 Davies, Lewis Lewsyn yr Heliwr, Wrexham: Hughes & Son 1922 Bargodion Hanes, Liverpool: H. Evans 1 924 Wat Emwnt, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons 1928 Davies, Lynn see sub theses 1 969 Geiifa 'r Glowr, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I WFM 1 976 Davies, Mervyn Story ofLlangrannog, Cardiff: E. L. Jones & Son 1973 Davies, R. I. 1 927 'Twm Shorr Gati' in CAST vol. 5 pp. 1 00-07 1 936 'Old roads in the parish of Caron' in CAST vol. 1 1 pp.21-22a Davies, Rees R 1 987 Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales 1063-1415, Oxford: OUP Davies, Sioned & Jones, Nerys Ann (eds. ) 1 997 The Horse in Celtic Culture: Medieval Welsh Perspectives, Cardiff UWP Davies, S. Gwilly Wedi Croesi'r Pedwar Ugain, Llandysul: Gomer 1 967 Dyffryn Troed-yr-aur, Llandysul: Gomer 1 976 Davies, T. Yn Fore yn Felindre, Llandysul: Gomer 1 966 Davies, T. I. 1 958 'The vale of Aeron in the making' in CER vol.3 pp. l 94-206 Davies, Thomas James Gwlana, Caernarfon: Argraffty'r Methodistiaid Calfinaidd 1 962 Nabod Bro a Brodorion, Swansea: C. Davies 1 975 Pencawna, Swansea: C. Davies 1 979 1 986 Gwarlingo, Aberystwyth: Cambria Davies, Walter A General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy ofNorth Wales, London: R Phillips 1810 A General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales, London: McMillan 1 8 14 Davies, William 1 948 Hanes PlwyfLlanegryn, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons Davies, Wendy 'Land measurements in the Liber Landavensis' in AHR vol. 21 pp. 1 1 1 -21 1 973 An Early Welsh Microcosm: Studies in the Llandaff Charters, London: Royal Historical S ociety 1 978 The Llandaff Charters, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 979 Wales in the Early Middle Ages, Leicester: Leicester UP 1 982 Patterns ofPower in Early Wales, Oxford: Clarendon 1 990 1 992 'The myth of the Celtic Church' in N. Edwards & A. Lane pp. 12-2 1 Davies, W. Beynon 'Gwerineiriau rhan isaf Dyffryn Aeron' in BBCS vol. 4 pp.287-304 [the dialect examples he collected 1929 probably represent the speech of his village of Felin-fach, and thence to Aberaeron where he probably attended secondary school] 1 952 'Ffin dwy dafodiaith' in BBCS vol. 1 4 pp.273-84 Davies, William James 1 896 Hanes PlwyfLlandysul, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Davis, David Telyn Dewi, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green 1 824 Defoe, Daniel 1 724-26A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain ( 1 962 edn), London: Dent I Dutton Deshayes, Albert 1 995 Dictionnaire des noms defamille Bretons, Douarnenez: La Chasse-Man�e I ArMen Dimock, James F. lxxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 868 Giraldi Cambrensis: Opera vol. 6, London: Longman, Green, Reader & Dyer Dineley, Thomas 1 684 The Account of the Official Progress of the First Duke ofBeaufort through Wales in 1 684 [PDB] Dixon, R. M. W. 1 997 The Rise and Fall ofLanguages, Cambridge: CUP Dobson, Eric John English Pronunciation 1500�1 700 vols. 1 -2 (rev. edn), Oxford: Clarendon 1 968 Dodgshon, Robert A. 1 994 'Early society and economy' in CCH vol. 1 pp.343-64 Dodgshon, Robert A & Butlin, R. A (eds.) An Historical Geography ofEngland and Wales (2nd edn), London: Academic 1 990 Downey, D. S . 1 98 1 'St. Alban's chapel, Ty-glyn' i n CER vol.9 pp. 1 62-73 Drummond, Peter 1991 Scottish Hill and Mountain Names, Glasgow: Scottish Mountaineering Trust Dumville, David N. 1 982 'The 'six' sons of Rhodri Mawr' in CMCS vol.4 pp. 5-1 8 Dunkling, Leslie & Wright, Gordon A Dictionary ofPub Names, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul [DPl'-1 1 987 Dussart, F. ( ed. ) L 'habitat e t les paysages ruraux d'Europe, Liege: Univ. de Liege 1 971 Dwnn, Lewys c. 1 600 Heraldic Visitations of Wales and Part of the Marches between 1586-1613 vols. 1-2 ( 1 841 edn), Llandovery: W. Rees Ebenezer, Lyn Cae Marged, Caernarfon: Gwynedd 199 1 Edmunds, George 1 979 The Gower Coast, Bristol: Regional Publications Edmunds, William 1 860 'On some old families in the neighbourhood of Lampeter, Cardiganshire' in AC pp. 1 65-78,272�80 Edwardes, E. Byr Hanes a m BlwyfNantcwnlle, Aberystwyth: Cambrian News 1 930 Edwards, Eric Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Unedig, Llandysul: Gomer 1 980 Edwards, Hywel Teifi (ed. ) Bro'r Eisteddfod 4: Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Llandybie: C. Davies 1 984 Cyfres y Cymoedd: Cwm Cynon, Llandysul: Gomer 1 997 Edwards, Ifan ab Owen ( ed.) 1 929 Catalogue of Star Chamber Proceedings relating to Wales, Cardiff: UWP Edwards, J. Goronwy 1916 'The early history o f the counties o f Carmarthen and Cardigan' i n EHR vol. 3 1 pp. 90-98 Calendar ofAncient Correspondence concerning Wales, Cardiff: UWP 1 935 Littere Wallie, Cardiff UWP 1 940 1 956 'The Normans and the Welsh March' in PBA vol.42 pp. 1 55�77 Edwards, Nancy 1991 'The Dark Ages' in J. Manley et al. pp. 1 29-41 Edwards, Nancy & Lane, Alan Early Medieval Settlements in Wales AD400-1 1 00: a Critical Reassessment, Cardiff: Dept. of 1 988 Archaeology, Cardiff Univ. The Early Church in Wales and the West, Oxford: Oxbow Books 1 992 Edwards, Richard 1 947 Hanes Bethania, Aberteifi, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Edwards, W. 1 936 'Llanrhystyd' i n CAST vol. 1 1 pp. 63-67 Ekwall, Eilert lxxvi

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Cofnodion a Chyfansoddiadau Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Aberystwyth, Cardiff: Cymdeithas yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol

Evans, E. Wnion c. 1 904 Hanes a Dechreuad yr Annibynnwyr a Sefydliad yr Achos yn Eglwyifach, Glandyfi, Dolgellau: W. Hughes & S on Evans, G. 1 922 'The story of Newcastle Emlyn to 1 53 1 ' in Cymmrodor vol. 32 pp. 5 8-1 70 Evans, George Eyre Aberystwyth and its Court Leet, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 1 902 Cardiganshire, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 1 903 Lampeter, Aberystwyth: W. Jones 1 905 Lloyd Letters, Aberystwyth: W. Jones 1 908 c. 1 93 6 see sub Carmarthenshire Record Office Evans, Gwladys Elen A Collection of the Place-names ofLlandysilio-Go-Go together with their Meanings, Carmarthen: 1 90 1 Carmarthen Journal Evans, G. G. 1 98 1 'Lake names in Montgomeryshire' in MC vol. 69 pp.57-72 1 985 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt. 1 ) in MC vol. 73 pp. 69-95 1 986 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt.2) in MC vol.74 pp.49-69 1 987 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt.3) in MC vol. 75 pp.29-49 Evans, Hugh 1 93 1 Cwm Eithin, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons Evans, H. R 1 96 1 'A village worthy: Evan Isaac Thomas of Llandysul ( 1 823-1 908)' in CER vol.4 pp. 1 46--8 9 Evans, Jonah Cofiant y Parch. Evan Jones, Crngybar, Llandeilo: D. W. & G. Jones 1 883 Evans, John Byrgofiant am Naw a Deugain o Weinidogion Ymadawedig SirAberteifi, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 894 Hanes Methodistiaeth De Aberteifi, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 904 Yr Ail Fyr-gofiant, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 907 Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant, Dolgellau: E . W. Evans 1 91 3 Evans, J. Gwenogvryn 1 888 'Extracts from Hengwrt MS 34' in Cymmrodor vol.9 pp. 325-33 1 893 see sub LL The White Book Mabinogion . . , Pwllheli: author 1 907 Black Book ofChirk, Llanbedrog: author [BBCh] 1 909 The Poetry in the Red Book ofHergest, Llanbedrog: author 191 1 1 91 6 adjudication upon an essay set upon the place-names of Cardiganshire in 1 9 1 6 E . V . Evans; also in Nat.Eist. MS 5g [misnumbered MS 1 3g in p. 73 of the schedule-book ofNatEist. MSS] Evans, J. W. 1 992 'The survival of the clas as an institution in Medieval Wales: some observations on Llanbadarn Fawr' in N. Edwards et al. pp. 33-40 Evans, Meirion 1 959 Yr Hen Gape/, Llechryd, Llanelli: John Penry Evans, Myra A tgofion Cei-newydd, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion 1 96 1 c. 1 965 Atgofion leuenctidyng Ngheinewydd vols. 1 -2 {WFM MS 1 654/12-1 3 } Evans, Ray 1 986 YLlyffant, Llandysul: Gomer Evans, Theophilus Drych y PrifOesoedd ( 1 st edn, G. H . Hughes (ed. ) 1 96 1 ), Cardiff: UWP 1716 1 740 Drych y PrifOesoedd (2nd edn, S. J. Evans (ed.) 1 902), Bangor: Jarvis & Foster Evans, Thomas (bn. Cledanydd) 1 897 Caneuon Cledanydd, Lampeter: Welsh Press .

lxxviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Evans T. Cadrawd 1 887 History ofLlangynwyd, Llanelli: Llanelly & County Guardian Evans, Thomas David Gwernogle 1 924 Deryn Du Gwernogle, Cardiff: Educational Publishing Co. Evans, W. Eilyr 1 909 'Ymweliad gwiber ag Emlyn: chwedl yn nhafodiaith cylch Castellnewydd Emlyn' in 1 992 C. Jones & D. Thorne pp. 56-63 Evans, William R Caw! Shir Bemro, Llandysul: Gomer 1986 Fi yw Hwn, C. Davies, Swansea 1 990 Fairhurst, H. 1 967 'The rural settlement pattern of Scotland, with special reference to the west and north' in R W. Steel et a/. pp. 1 93-209 Favereau, Francis 1 984 see sub theses 1 992a Dictionnaire du breton contemporain, Morlaix: Skol Vreizh Grammaire du breton contemporain, Morlaix: Skol Vreizh 1 997 Fenton, John 1 860 'Cardiganshire antiquities' inAC pp. 58-61 Fenton, Richard Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire (2nd edn of 1 903), London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme 1 81 0 & Co. [additional notes by J. Fenton] 1 804-1 3 Tours in Wales ( 1 9 1 7, ed. J. Fisher), London: Bedford Field, John English Field-names, Newton Abbot: David & Charles 1 972 'Derogatory field-names' in EPNS Journal vol. 9 pp. l 9-25 1 977 Compliment and Commemoration in English Field-names, Dacorum College Occasional Papers n. l 1 986 A History ofEnglish Field-names, London: Longman 1 993 Discovering Place-names: their Origin and Meanings ( 1 st edn 1 97 1 ), Haverfordwest: Shire 1 994 Publications Finberg, H. P. R The Agrarian History ofEngland and Wales vol.4, Cambridge: CUP 1 967 The Agrarian History ofEngland and Wales vol. l pt.2, Cambridge: CUP 1 972 Fisher, John 1 896 'The Welsh calendar' in THSC 1894-95 pp. 99-1 45 1 91 4 'Some place-names in the locality o f St. Asaph' in AC pp. 22 1 -46 Flanagan, Deirdre 1 980 'Place-names in early Irish documentation: structure and composition' in Nomina vol.4 pp.41-45 Flatres, Pierre 1 97 l a 'Hamlet and village' in R H. Buchanan et a/. pp. l 65-85 1 97 lb 1Jn probleme de localisation de l'habitat et des etablissements ruraux en Bretagne: les localisations littorales' in F. Dussart pp. 8 1-93 Flenley, R A Calendar of the Register of the Queen 's Majesty's Council in the Dominion and Principality of 1916 Wales . , London: Cymmrodorion Fleuriot, Leon Le vieux breton: elements d'une grammaire, Paris: C. Klinksieck 1964 'Les eveques de la 'Clas Kenedyr', eveche disparu de la region de Hereford' in EC vol. l 5 pp.225-26 1 977 Ford, Patrick K. 1 975 'A fragment of the Hanes Taliesin' in EC vol l 4 pp.45 1-60 Ystorya Taliesin, Cardiff: UWP 1 992 Foster, Idris Ll. & Alcock, Leslie Culture and Environment: Essays in Honour ofSir Cyril Fox, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1 963 Foxall, H. D. G. 1 980 Shropshire Field-names, Shrewsbury: Shropshire Archaeological Society ..

lxxix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bib liography Francis, Absalom 1 874

History ofCardiganshire Mines from the Earliest Ages and Authenticated History to A.D. 1874, Aberystwyth: J. Morgan

Fraser, Ian 1 970

'Place-names from oral tradition: an informant's repertoire'

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Fychan, Cledwyn 1 966

'Lluestau Blaenrheidol' in

1 973

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CER vo1. 5

1 98 1

'Encilion Bro Ddyfi'

1 988

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pp. 246-63

Talybont: Lolfa

i n 1 98 1 Gw.

H. Lewis pp. 1 7-3 0 in Lien Cymru vol. 1 5 pp.289-307

a p Gwilym & R

Fychan, Gw. Angharad 2001

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0. H. The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District,

Fynes-Clinton, 1913

Oxford: author

[ WVBD]

Gadsden, G. D . 1 988

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London: Sweet

& Maxwell

Gelling, Margaret

The Place-names ofBerkshire, Cambridge: CUP Place-names in the Landscape, London: Dent

1 973 1 984 George, E. ( ed. ) 1 986

Bro 'r Eisteddfod: Abergwaun a 'r Fro, Llandybie:

C. Davies

George, Ken Callington: Cornish Language Board

1 993

Gerlyver Kemewek Kemmyn,

1 997

'Mid-length vowels in Cornish'

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George, T. Neville 1 970 Gimson,

South Wales: British Regional Geology (3rd edn),

London: HMSO

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A

1 970

An Introduction to the Pronunciation ofEnglish

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E. Arnold

Giraldus Cambrensis see

Gir.DK, Gir.IK, Gir.Spec. , Uita Sancti Dauidis (Gir.)

see W. Thomas

Glan.ffrwd

Goddard, Ives ( ed. ) 1 996

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de la Villemarque

ed. ) Gooder, Eileen

A

1 978

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Longman

Grant, I. F . 1 96 1

Highland Folkways,

London: Routledge

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Graves, E. van T. 1 962 Gregson,

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in Arch. Camb. vol. l 0 1 pp. l l 8-20 Eifionydd: a Study in Landownership from the Medieval Period to the Present Day, Cardiff: 'Medieval parish and township boundaries in Gwynedd' in BBCS vol. 34 pp. l 3 7-49

G. 1 978

pp.3 3 9-5 1

A

1 939 1 973 Grey, C.

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lxxx

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology ofMid- Wales, Leeds: Association for Industrial Archaeology Hall, George William Metal Mines of Southern Wales, Westbury-on-Severn: author 1 97 1 Hamer, Edward & Lloyd, H. W. 1 875 History of the Parish ofLlangurig, London: T. Richards Ramp, Eric P. 1 956a 'The development of Modem Welsh syllabic structure' in BBCS vol. l 7 pp. 30-36 1 992 'Goidil, Feni, GWynedd' in PHCC vol. l2 pp.43-50 Harley, J. B. & Walters, G. 1 982 '\Velsh orthography and O. S. mapping 1 820-1 905' in A C vol. 1 3 1 pp. 98-1 3 5 Harries, B. D. 1 956 see sub theses Harries, W. H. 1 950 'St. David's College, Lampeter' in CER vol. l pp.43-52 Hartley, A H. 1 980 'The expansion of Ojibway and French place-names into the Lake Superior region in the seventeenth century' Names vol.28 pp.43-68 Harvey, P. D. A Manorial Records, London: BRA 1 984 Haycock, Marged 1 988 'Llyfr Taliesin' in NLWJ vol. 25 pp. 357-86 Blodeugerdd Barddas o Ganu Crefyddol Cynnar, Llandybie: Barddas 1 994 Hayes, D. Planhigion Cymru a'r Byd, Kirkby-in-Ash:field: Maes Onn 1 995 Hernon, Roparz Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg, ( 1 st edn), La Baule: Preder [GIB] 1 979 Henderson, Charles 1 93 5 Essays in Cornish History, Oxford: Clarendon Henken, Elizabeth R Traditions of Welsh Saints, Cambridge: D . S. Brewer 1 987 The Welsh Saints: a Study in Patterned Lives, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer 1 991 Henry, Victor 1 900 Lexique etymologique des termes les plus usuels du breton modeme, Rennes: J. Plihon & L. Herve Hincks, Rhisiart E. Prosser Rhys 1901-45, Llandysul: Gomer 1 980 de hOir, E. 1 975 'Sraicfheachaint ar logainmeacha Bhaile Atha Cliath' in Studia Hibemica vol. l 5 pp. l 28--42 Holmer, Nils M. 1 962 The Gaelic ofKintyre, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Hooson-Owen, Ll. 1 954 see sub theses Horsfall-Turner, E. R Walks and Wanderings in County Cardigan, Bingley: T. Harrison 1 902 Houlder, C. H. 1 994 'The Stone Age' in CCH vol. l pp. l 07-23 Howell, David W. Land and People in Nineteenth-century Wales, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1 977 Patriarchs and Parasites: the Gent1y of South-West Wales in the Eighteenth Century, Cardiff: 1 986 1 984

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Ceredigion Hudson-Williams, Thomas 1 950

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Hughes, A J. 1 99 1

'The Old Cornish name Brenci and Middle Welsh Brengi/Bryngi' in CMCS vol.22 pp. 95-1 00

Hughes, C. Currie 1 960

Trem ar Ddwy Ganrif o Hanes Tabemacl, Aberteifi: 1 760-1960,

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Hughes, Garfield H. 1 953

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Hughes, Glyn Tegai 1 977 Hughes, John 1 898 Hughes, P.

B)llt')ld y Parch.

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Secrets et mysteres de nos ker vol. 1, Lorient: Dalc'homp Soiij 1 995 Secrets et mysteres de nos ker vol.2, Lorient: Dalc'homp Soiij 1 996 Jaffrennou, Fran9ois 1 91 4 see Ger. Taldir James, B. Ll. 1 972 'The Welsh language in the Vale of Glamorgan' in Morgannwg vol. 1 6 pp. 1 6-36 James, David B. 1 991 Myddfai: its Lands and Peoples, Llandre: author James, H. 1 994 'The archaeology of early Christianity in Cardiganshire' in CCH vol. 1 pp. 3 97-407 James, J. 1 850 'On the similarity of the different Welsh dialects' in AC pp. 9-23 James, Jenkin Gemau Ceredigion, Lampeter: Cardiganshire Education Committee 1920 James, M Euronwy 1 971 Annibynwyr Pisgah a Phenrhiwgaled, Ceredigion, Penrhyncoch: author James, Terrence 1 997 'Bleddri ap Cadifor ap Collwyn, lord ofBlaencuch and Cil-sant: fabulator of Arthurian romance?' in TCAS vol. 33 pp.43-54 James, T. A. 1992 'Air photography of ecclesastical sites in South Wales' in N. Edwards et al. pp. 62-76 Jarman, A. 0. H. (ed. ) 1 982 Llyfr Du Caerjjwddin , Cardiff: UWP [BBC] Jenkins, Dafydd 1 962 'Trefn ffarm a llafar gwlad' in CER vol.4 pp.244-54 1 963 Llyfr Colan, Cardiff: UWP [Col. (Gwynedd)] 1 967 'A lawyer looks at Welsh land law' in THSC 1967 pp.220-48 Damweiniau Colan: Llyfr y Damweiniau yn ol Llawysgrif Peniarth 30, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas 1 973 Lyfrau Ceredigion [Col. (Damweiniau)] Agricultural Co-operation in Welsh Medieval Law, Cardiff: WFM 1 982 1 990 The Laws ofHywel Dda: Lmv Textsfrom Medieval Wales, Llandysul: Gomer Jenkins, David Cerddi Cerngoch, Lampeter: Welsh Church Press 1 904 Cerddi Ysgol Llanycrwys ynghyd a Hanes PlwY.fLlanycrwys, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis 1 934 1 936 Dyffryn Aeron' in CAST vol. l 1 pp. 56-{)2 Jenkins, David Hanes yr Hen Gape! yn Aberporth, Aberporth: author 1 983 Jenkins, David Bra DafYdd ap Gwilym, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion 1 992 0 Blas Gogerddan i Horeb: Taith Dwy Ganrif, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 993 Jenkins, David Erwyd Bedd Gelert: its Facts, Fairies and Folk-lore, Porthmadog: L. Jenkins 1 899 Jenkins, D. 0. Crwth Llan 'bydder, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis 1 93 1 Jenkins, Evan 1 959 Cerddi Ffair Rhos, Aberystwyth: Aberystwyth Press Jenkins, Geraint H. Y Capel Bach: Hanes Capel Ebeneser, Penparcau c. l812-1989, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 989 The University of Wales: an Illustrated History, Cardiff: UWP 1 993 Jenkins, Huw Emlyn I Lygad y Ffynnon: Addysg Gynradd yn Llanbedr Pontsteffan I Primary Education in Lampeter, 2003 Lampeter: Cymdeithas Rieni ac Athrawon Ysgol Gymunedol Ffynnonbedr Jenkins, J. Geraint 1969a The Welsh Woollen Industry, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I WFM 1 969b Studies in Folk Life: Essays in Honour ofIorwerth C. Peate, London: Routledge & K. Paul lxxxiv

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Sul

Pentre'r Bont 1 990

YMynydd Bach a Bra Eiddwen,

Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion

Jones, E. D . 1 936 1 953 1 984

'Court Leet records'

in CAST vol. 1 1 pp. 68-75 Gwaith Lewis Glyn Cothi vols. 1 -2, Cardiff: UWP Lewis Glyn Cothi - Detholiad, Aberystwyth: UWP

[orthography modernised]

Jones, Evan David 1 978

Trem ar Ganrifyn Hanes Eglwys Gynulleidfaol Baker Street, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth: author

Jones, Emyr Gwynne ( ed. ) 1 939

Exchequer Proceedings concerning Wales: Henry VIII - Elizabeth I,

Cardiff:

UWP

Jones, Elizabeth Megan 1 989 Jones, E.

Bra Mebyd: Plwyf Silian,

S ilian: author

R 1 908

'Enwau llefydd Mon a'u tarddiad'

1914

'Cymraeg Mon a Chymraeg Godre Ceredigion ochr yn ochr'

in Eisteddfod Gadeiriol Mon 1907 pp. 3 8-95 in Geninen pp. 1 3 8-41

Jones, Francis 1 950 1 952 1 954a 1 954b 1 972

'The subsidy of 1 292'

in BBCS vol. 1 3 pp. 2 1 0-30 in LICCLI pp. 2 1 -27 The Holy Wells of Wales, Cardiff: UWP 'Family tales from Dyfed' in THSC pp. 6 1 -83 'Boundaries of the lordship of Talley' in BBCS vol. l 4 pp. 5 1 8-26

'The wells of Ceredigion'

1 984

'The manor of Granant 1 794- 1 82 1 ' in NLWJ vo1. 23 pp. 3 53-56

1 987

Historic Carmarthenshire Homes and their Families, Antiquarian Society I Dyfed Cultural Services Dept.

Carmarthen: Carmarthenshire

Jones, Fred 1 977

Hunangojiant Gwas Ffarm,

Swansea: Ty John Penry [many disguised names]

Jones, Frank Price 1 969

Crwydro

Gorllewin Dinbych,

Lalndybie: Llyfrau' r Dryw

Jones, F. Wynn 1 963

Canmlwydd Siloh Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion

Jones, Glyn E. 1 982

' Central rounded and unrounded vowels in sixteenth-century Welsh' in

CWPWL

vol.2

pp.43-52 1 983

see sub theses

1 984b

'Atodiad i

1 984c

' The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh' in 1 984 M. J. Ball & Gl. E. Jones

The Linguistic Geography of Wales' in CWPWL vol. 3

pp. 40-1 761 Menevia Sacra, in 1 927 A C supplemental volume, (F. Green ed.), London: Bedford

ex

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

MAPS

Ordnance Survey oos ( 1 8 1 1 -34)

OS 1 81 9 OS1 83 1 O S 1 834 OS 1 83 6 OS 1 837 OS1 89 1 OS 1 904 0Sc. l 950 OS 1 974

OS1 982

original OS surveys {NLW ( 1 927)} [the original first series maps of the Ordnance Survey are available in The Old Series Ordnance Survey Maps ofEngland and Wales: vol. 6 Wales (Harry Margary, Lympne Castle, Kent)] Old Series 1 ", sheets 40, 58 (Aberteill) Old Series 1", sheet 4 1 (Newcastle-Emlyn) Old Series 1", sheet 56, 57 (New Radnor, Tregaron) Old Series 1 ", sheet 60 (Llanidloes) Old Series 1 ", sheet 59 (Machynlleth) 1 st edition 6" 2nd edition 6" 1 :25 000 Geol.map Central Wales Mining Field 1 : 1 00 000, Institute of Geological S ciences. Geological survey of Great Britain. 1 : 1 0 000 [the new 1 : 25 000 Pathfinder series has no value independent from OS 1 982]

National Library of Wales [NLW] c. l 350( 1 933)

c. l 3 60map Gough 1 578map C. Saxton

1 580map C. Saxton 1 6 1 0map J. Speed 1 699map W. Waller 1 747map L. Morris

1 747sur map L. Morris 17 48map L. Morris 1753rnap E. J. Eyre 1 756map RM A1 87

1933 W. Rees South Wales and the Border in the Fourteenth Century (map) [though not strictly a document of the fourteenth century, W. Rees, a noted medievalist of his generation was able to see many documents in the PRO not printed or seen since his time. Unless those selfsame documents are printed in another source (or seen by myself) I will content myself by quoting his forms, though some of his identifications - as he made clear - are faulty] 'Map of Great Britain: known as the 'Gough map" {facsimile of Bodleian Library, Oxford} 'Radnor, Breknok, Cardigan et Caermarden, quatuor australis Cambriae cornitatum . . . B. Deheubart' A. Southwales descriptio ' in 1 579 C. Saxton An Atlas of England and Wales Map of Wales 1 580 C. Saxton Map of Cardiganshire in 1 699 W. Waller A Plan of the Mannor ofPerveth Commonly Call 'd Cwmmwd y Perveth {RM 1 1 8} [G. Morgan [ 1 992 p. 6] dates map to 1 744] in 1 747 L. Morris Plan of harbours, bars, bays and roads in St. George 's Channel {in 1 748 L. Morris} A Plan of. . . Waste or Common ... Parish of Gwnnws Map of Crosswood Demesne { Gogerddan estate plans: RM A1 87} CXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

I 758map J. Butcher I 760map E. Bowen I 764-I9thcent. Nanteos fpls. 1 760map E. Bowen 1 765map E. Bowen et al.

1765map RM Al25 I 765map Plas Cilcennin I 766sur map I 769map T. Lewis c. I 769map Rhosgellan I 772map M Williams I 773sur map >I 774map Moelfferm 1775map R Jones 1 776map Llwyngrawys I 776map M Mackenzie 1 777map Canllefas-ganol I778sur map I78 Isur map 1 787sur map 1 787map R Davis I 787-88map R. Davis 1788sur map I 788map R Davies 1 789sur map 1 790sur map 1 790map Hengwmannedd 1 790map T. Lewis I 79l sur map I 793map Pentre I 795map D.Davies I 796sur map 1 799map Cawres 1 799sur map 1 799sur map Llanllyr c. 1 800map RM Al l l

A Map ofLlwyndyris in the Parish ofLlandygwith {map coll.497} Map of South Wales [some information dating from 1 729] Nanteos farm plans Map ofSouth Wales 'A New and Accurate Map of Cardiganshire Drawn from a Late Survey' in The Universal Magazine June 1 765 {M1 265, M8066} Map of Gogerddan Gardens T. Lewis {RM A1 25} Map of the Demsene Lands ofKilkennin T. Lewis {Crosswood 1 21 /BRN 1 6561 } Maps and Plans of the Earl ofLisburne 's Estate in Cardiganshire {Crosswood Plans vol2} Map ofRhoskellan Estate T. Lewis {RM A120} Map ofRhosgellan Estate {RM Al l 0} Plans ofGwar-y-wem and Newgate M. Williams {map 71 67} Maps ofKilgwyn Estate {Cilgwyn} Map ofMoelf.ferm, Troedrhiwcastell, and Ty-gwyn {Box 483 (B)} A Map ofFynnon Wenil and Tyllcoed {Llangrannog C} Maps ofLlwyngrcrnys Estate C. Hansall {map vol. 1 0 } Maritime Survey ofIreland and the West of Great Britain, vol.2 M. Mackenzie {map vo1.95} Map of Canllefas-ganol {map 71 52 1 34/1/1 8} Maps of the Court Grange Estate T. Lewis {map vol 3 8 } Maps and Plans of the Earl ofLisburne 's Estate in Cardiganshire {Crosswood Plans vols. l-2} Maps of the Estates ofEdward Loveden Loveden T. Lewis {map vol. 39} A Map of Gogerddan Lands R Davis {RM C22} Map ofBrongofR Davis {RM AI 07} Map ofRhosgoch Estate T. Lewis {RM AI 08} Map ofNantcellan-fach, Glanmor, Tan-y-foel R Davies {RM AI 06} Map ofLodge Park Estate_ {RM C20} Maps of the Gogerddan Estate T. Lewis {map vol. 3 7 } Map ofHengwmannedd { Gogerddan Box 537} Map ofCors Fochno T. Lewis {RM AI 09} Maps ofLlanfair Clywedogau and Llanddewi Brefi Estates {map vol.36} Maps of the Estate ofD. Saunders Davies, Pentre 1 793-1815 R Jones {dep. J. C. Davies} Map ofPart ofPeifedd D. Davies { Gogerddan Box 534} Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( I 83 I ) {map vol.30} Map of Cawres {map 7 I 68 1 34/l / I 8 } Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( I 83 I ) {map vol.30} Map ofLlanllyr Estate {map vol.7} A map of the borough ofAberystwyth and surrounding lands {RM AI I I } CXll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography c. 1 800map LB c. 1 800map Crugmor 1 80 1 map W. Morris

Plans ofLluest-fawr and Berthlwyd {Morgan Richardson dep.n. 6} Map of Crugmor {map 7 1 69 1 34/1/1 8 } Plan of the Principal Harbours, Bays, and Roads, in St. George 's and the Bristol Channels {WE 1 1 5 } in 1 803 B . H . Malkin A New Map of Cardiganshirefrom an Actual Survey see 1 793map Pentre Map of Ty-n-rhyd alias Grogwynnion Map ofAberystwyth Map ofPlas Aberporth {Morgan Richardson dep.n.2} Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( 1 83 1 ) {map vol.30} see 1 793map Pentre Map of the Estates of the Lord Bishop ofSt. Davids { 1 4 229} Enclosure Map ofAnhuniog {Card. C. C. Dep. 20} Maps of the Noyadd Estate {C. L. E. Morgan Richardson dep. } A Survey of the Nanteos Estate W. Crawford {map vol.45 } Map ofMoelfferm {Nanteos Dep. maps, pp. 1 7-1 8 of a volume of plans} Enclosure Map ofRhosgell {Nanteos fpl.273 } Map ofMoifa-yr-escob W. Morgan {Llidiardau Coil. n. 1 } A Survey of the Nanteos Estate {map vol. l 4 } Boundary Report Plans Abertei:fi {M8 073} Aberystwyth {M8 069} Atbar, Llanbedr Pontsteffan {no accession number: in Illustrations to Meyrick 's Cardiganshire} Map of Hafod Estate {RM A64 PA 4796} Maps of Cardigan, and Aberystwyth [slight variations are found for both these maps in 1 993 A. Baynton­ Williams Town and City Maps of the British Isles 1 800-1 855 pp. 86, 93] A Map of the Lordship ofNant-yr-arian { Gogerddan Estate plans RM A124} Bryngwyn R Morgan {map vol.42} Map of Gogerddan Demesne R Morgan {RM A1 1 8} Boundary Report Plans Abertei:fi {M1 292} Aberystwyth {M3 1 3 5 } Map ofDdoynant, Cwmann, and Pant-newydd J. Edwards (Llidiardau Coli. n.2} . . .

1 803map B. H. Malkin 1 803map J. S inger 1 803map Pentre 1 806map R Jones 1 809map W. Couling 1 8 1 Omap Plas Aberporth 1 8 1 3sur map 1 8 1 5map Pentre 1 8 1 5sur map 1 8 1 6Encl. map 1 81 7sur map 1 8 1 9sur map c. 1 8 1 9map Moelfferm 1 824Encl. map Rhosgell 1 825map Morfa-esgob c. 1 83 0sur map Nanteos 1 832map R K. Dawson

1 834map Hafod 1 834map J. Wood

1 834map W. Morgan 1 834sur map 1 836map RM A1 1 8 1 837map R K. Dawson

1 844map Cwmann TMS ( 1 837-45)- Tithe maps and schedules

Aberporth ( 1 838), Aberteifi ( 1 83 9), Bangor ( 1 837), Betwsbledrwys ( 1 839), Betwsifan (1 839), Betwslleucu ( 1 845), Blaenpennal ( 1 842), Blaenporth ( 1 837), Brongwyn (1 844), Caron ( 1 839), Cellan ( 1 843), Cilcennin (1 840), Ciliau Aeron ( 1 83 9), Dihewyd ( 1 844), Doetliiau-Camddwr ( 1 840), Doethiau­ Pysgotwr ( 1 840), Ferwig ( 1 838), Gartheli ( 1845), Garth-ag-Ystrad ( 1 841), Gogouan (1 845), Gorwydd ( 1 839), Gwnnwys ( 1 844), Gwynftl ( 1 842), Henfynyw CXlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

1 847aEncl. map 1 847bEncl. map 1 850map G. Pugh

( 1 845), Henllan ( 1 839), Llanafan ( 1 843), Llanbadarn­ fawr ( 1 843), Llanbadarn Odyn ( 1 845), Llanbadarn Trefeglwys ( 1 839), Llanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1 839), Llanddeinoel ( 1 839), Llanddewi Aberarth ( 1 839), Llandydoch ( 1 83 8), Llandyfriog ( 1 839), Llandygwy ( 1 839), Llandysul ( 1 84 1 ), Llandysulio Gogo ( 1 84 1 ), Llanfair Clywedogau ( 1 844), Llanfair Orllwyn ( 1 839), Llanfair Treflygen ( 1 843), Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn ( 1 844), Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn ( 1 845), Llangeitho ( 1 839), Llangoedmor ( 1 83 8), Llangrannog ( 1 840), Llangwrddon ( 1 843), Llangybi ( 1 839), Llangynfelyn ( 1 844), Llangynllo ( 1 839), Llanilar ( 1 843), Llanina ( 1 837), Llanio ( 1 842), Llanllwchaearn ( 1 846), Llannarth ( 1 837), Llannerchaeron ( 1 839), Llanrhystud ( 1 839), Llansantfred ( 1 84 1 ), Llanwenog ( 1 843) [the original map in NLW is in a precarious state, and one must go to the PRO to see another original duplicate, the NLW photocopy does not show the colour distinctions of the hamlet boundaries very well], Llanwnnen ( 1 844), Llanychaearn ( 1 843), Llechryd ( 1 839), Lledrod ( 1 843 ), Mwnt ( 1 847), Nantgwnllau ( 1 839), Penbryn ( 1 838), Prysg-a-Charfan ( 1 839), Rhosd1au ( 1 839), Sulian ( 1 845), Trefilan ( 1 83 9), Tremain ( 1 83 8), Troedrour ( 1 83 7), Ysbyty Ystwyth ( 1 842), Ystrad ( 1 839), Ystradmeurig ( 1 839) Enclosure map ofCorsjochno {Card. C. C. Dep. 5 } Enclosure map ofCorsjochno {Card. C . C . Dep. 5 }

c. 1 850map Atbar

Lands Sold and Allotted to Pryse Pryse esq. under the Geneu 'r Glyn Inclosure Act {RM A 1 22} Map of the Borough ofAdpar (with Emlyn) { Cilgwyn

c. 1 850map Brynambor c. 1 850map Cefn Llanafan

Map ofBrynambor { Gogerddan Box 534} Map of the Wastes ofLlanafan {Llanafan Cards. C:

c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn c. 1 850map Nantrarian

A Map of the Lands of Generglyn in the County of Cardigan { Gogerddan Box 534} Map of the Manor ofNantrarian { Gogerddan Box

c. 1 850map Perfedd

Map of Part of the Manor ofPeifedd { Gogerddan

1 855Encl. map 1 856map CME 1 856Encl. map 1 857map J. Imray 1 857map J. Mathews 1 857Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofAberteifi { Card. C. C.Dep. 1 } Map of Ceulan-a-Maesmor and Eleirch {RM C23 } Enclosure map ofCellan { Card. C. C. Dep.2} Chart of St. George 's Channel J. Imray {RM A1 57} Map of Bwlchglas {Gogerddan Box 537} Enclosure Map ofNantgwnllau (Upper Division)

c. 1 85 8map Ruthin 1 859map Gogerddan n.24

Map ofRuthin {Longueville 22, fol. 1 1 0} Plan ofDolrhyddlan, Waunhesgog, Cyneinog, Moelfferm, and Brynfedwen-fach { Gogerddan map

1 859Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofLlanfair Clywedogau { Card. C. C .

1 859Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofLlangeitho { Card. C. C. Dep. 1 0}

MS 343 in MSS Dept}

Gogerddan fpls. }

534} Box 534}

{Card. C. C. Dep. 1 2 }

n.24-D} Dep. 8 }

CXlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 860>map Genau'rglyn

Map ofMountain in Genau 'rglyn Lordship

1 860>map Perfedd 1 864Encl. map 1 865Encl. map

Map of the Manor ofPeifedd { Gogerddan Box 534} Enclosure Map ofBlaenpennal { Card. C. C. Dep. 1 1 } Enclosure Map ofLlanfihangel-y-creuddyn { Card.

1 866Encl. map 1 867map Hafod min.pls. 1 868map H. James

Enclosure Map of Gwnnwys {Card. C.C. Dep. 6 } Hafod Mining Plans: Bwlchranos Mine {RM C I2 }

{Gogerddan Box 534}

C. C. Dep. 9}

1 872Encl. map 1 873map Trecregyn 1 875map Blaentwrch 1 876map Brithdir 1 883map East-Darren min. pl. 1 884map Rhisgog 1 889Encl. map c. 1 889map Mynydd Llanddewi

1 894map Abergwngu 1 8002hmap Blaencwmsymlog 1 8002/2map CM 1 8002/2map Dolrhuddlan

Boundary Report Plans Aberteifi {M8 072 } , Aberystwyth {M8 068} , Atbar {M8 070} , Llanbedr Pontsteffan {M8 07 1 } , Enclosure Map of Genau 'rglyn { Card. C. C. Dep. 3 + 4} Map of Trecregyn {M. Richardson MS 17 48 in NLW MSS Dept. } Map ofBlaentwrch Estate {ECE MS SD 86 in NLW MSS Dept. } Map ofBrithdir {ECE MS SD 1 6-B in NLW MSS Dept. } Plan ofLeat to East Darren Mine {RM B I 03 } {ECE MS SD 1 6-A in NLW MSS Dept. } Enclosure Map ofLlanddewi Brefi {Card. C. C. Dep. 7 + 1 9}

Plan of the Townships of Corwidd[,J Prisk and Carvan[,] Doithie Camddwr[,] Doithie Pysgottwr . .. Shewing the Unenclosed Grounds {ECE M S map S D 1 4-i in NLW MSS Dept. } Plan ofAbergwngu and Blaencwm {NLW MSS Dept. Crosswood Add (ser.2) MS 1 570} Plan ofBlaencwmsymlog {Gogerddan Box 537} Map of Ceulan-a-Maesmor Mountain { Gogerddan Box 537} Plan ofDolrhuddlan { Gogerddan n. 1 9/CMMS C/n.467}

l 800¥2map Hengwm l 8002/2map YH

Map ofEsgairhir, Blaenceulan, and Eaglebrook Mountain { Gogerddan Box 537} Plan ofHengwm {Llidiardau Coli. 5 + 4 } Plan ofMarshland near Ynys:fach and Henhafod

l 8002/2map Y sgubor-y-coed

Map of Grouse Ground in Ysgubor..;y-coed

l 8002/2map Cnwcdu 1 800¥2map Min.Dist.

{ Gogerddan Box 537} Map of Cnwcdu etc {Llidiardau Coli. n. 3 } The mining district of Cardiganshire {BRN 7228 9003 : PZ 73 73 }

l 8002/2map Esgairhir

{Gogerddan n. 89-B}

1 800%map RM A1 1 9 1 80Q4/4map RM A 1 5 6 191 9map Llanddewi Brefi 1 92 l map M Jones

Map of the Manor of Geneu 'rglyn Map ofMines and Wastes in Ceulan-a-Maesmor and Eleirch Sale ofPart ofDerry Ormond Estate in Llandde>.vi Brefi {PG 4463 } Rural Lore pertaining to the Parish ofLlanddeiniol M. Jones {D. Thomas MS B-82}

1 933map W. Rees

South Wales and the Border in the Fourteenth Century

cxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Map o 'PentrefLlangeitho Tri-ugain a Deg Mlynedd yn 01 ' K. Morris {WFM MS 1 965/5 }

c. 1 970map Llangeitho

Miscellaneous c. 1 970map I. Mathias

- Map o byllau afon Teifi o Gastell-newydd i 'r mor [in the possession of author, Idris Mathias, Ridgeway, Penbont, Aberteifi. This is the original map (about 1 4ft in length, 3ft in width) part of which was used - apparently without permission, and certainly without acknowledgement in 1 974 J. G. Jenkins (six maps on pp. 1 40-4 1 , 1 44-45, 1 48-49). It consists of a plethora of traditional pool- and current-names collected from local fishermen since 1 945, and is a very impressive body of microtoponyms which would otherwise have been lost]

MANUSCRIP TSAND D OCUM EN TS

National Library of Wales [NLW] Parish registers [baptisms and burials tend to be the most fruitful sources from the toponymist' s point of view. Those marked with an asterisk [*] were investigated by 1 948 G. M. Griffiths] Aberporth ( 1 662-1 837), Aberteifi (St-Mary) ( 1 6531 837), Aberystwyth (St-Michael) ( 1 788-1 837), Bangor ( 1 8 1 3-37), Betwsbledrwys ( 1 81 3-37), Betwsifan ( 1 788-1 837), *Betwslleucu ( 1 8 1 3-37), Blaenpennal ( 1 8 1 3-37), Blaenporth ( 1 71 6-1 8 1 2), Brongwyn ( 1 788-1 837), * Capelcynon ( 1 822-3 7), Caron ( 1 653-1 8 1 3), * Cellan ( 1 674-1796), Cilcennin ( 1 734-1 837), * Ciliau Aeron ( 1 806-37), Dihewyd ( 1 807-37), Eglwys-fach ( 1 754-1 837), Eglwys­ newydd ( 1 773-1 837), Ferwig ( 1 769-1 837), *Gartheli ( 1 8 1 3-3 7), Gwnnwys ( 1 805-37), *Henfynyw ( 1 7721 837), Henllan ( 1 778-1 836), Llanafan ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanbadarn-fawr ( 1 678-1 837), Llanbadam Odyn ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanbadarn Trefeglwys ( 1 724-1 837), *Llanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1 695-1 837) [in WGaz. 1 7/9/1 903-22/7/1 905 transcribed by G. E. Evans] , Llanddeinoel ( 1 776-1 83 7), Llanddewi Aberarth ( 1 737-1 837), Llanddewi Brefi ( 1 775-1 837), Llandydoch ( 1 699-1 837), Llandyfriog ( 1 724-1 837), Llandygwy ( 1 745-1 837), Llandysul ( 1 755-1 837), *Llandysulio Gogo ( 1 727-1 837), *Llanfair Clywedogau ( 1 676-1 837), Llanfair Orllwyn ( 1 8 1 337), Llan:fihangel-y-creuddyn ( 1 79 1 -1 83 7), Llan:fihangel Genau'rglyn ( 1 736-1 837), Llangeitho ( 1 76 1 -1 837), Llangoedmor ( 1 764-1 837), *Llangrannog ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llangwrddon ( 1 729-1 837), *Llangybi ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llangynfelyn ( 1 754-1 837), CXVl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography (1 756-1 837), Llanilar ( 1 685-1 837), ( 1 688-1 837), *Llanllwchaearn ( 1 720-1 837), *Llannarth ( 1 688-1 837), *Llannerchaeron ( 1 7541 837), Llamhystud ( 1 73 8-1 837), Llansantfred ( 1 7961 837), Llanwenog ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanwnnen ( 1 7651 837), Llanychaeam ( 1 754-1 837), Llechryd ( 1 80537), Lledrod ( 1 766-1 837), Mwnt ( 1 8 1 3-37), Nantgwnllau ( 1 8 1 3-37), Penbryn ( 1 726-1 837), Rhosdiau ( 1 8 1 5-37), * Sulian ( 1 8 1 3-37), Treftlan ( 1 705-1 837), Tremain ( 1 763-1 836), Troedrour ( 1 655-1 837), Ysbyty�Cyn:fyn ( 1 762-1 837), Ysbyty Ystwyth ( 1 78 1 -1 837), *Ystrad ( 1 8 1 3-37), Ystradfflur ( 1 750-1 8 1 3), Ystradmeurig ( 1 798-1 836) Llangynllo *Llanina

Unscheduled manuscript collections Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England (now Welsh Church Commissioners) MSS

[ECE MSS]

Gogerddan MS S Llidiardau MSS Rhys Davys Williams MS S

[RDWMSS]

Scheduled manuscript collections

( 1 7 1 6-1 863) ( 1 6 1 7-1 869)

Schedule-book of Abertrinant MSS Schedule-book of Alltlwyd MSS

Schedule-book of Bedfordshire C. C. MS S

[BRA MSS] : ( 1 933), ( 1 934-36), ( 1 940) , ( 1 955) , ( 1 956) , ( 1 958) , ( 1 963) , ( 1 966) , ( 1 968) , ( 1 975) Schedule-book ofBron-y-graig (Harlech) MS S (dep. 1 934) Schedule-book of the British Records Associations MSS

Schedule-book of Bronwydd MS S Schedule�book ofBryneithin MS S (dep.

1 962)

Schedule-book of Castlehill MS S Schedule-book of Cilgwyn MSS I

( 1 934) ( 1 965)

Schedule-book of Cilgwyn MSS II Schedule-book of Coleman MSS

Schedule-book o f Crosswood MSS Schedule-book of Cross wood Additional MSS

[Crosswood Add MSS]

Schedule-book of Croydon MSS Schedule-book of Cwmcynfelyn MS S

( 1 996 edn)

Schedule-book of Cwrt-mawr MSS Schedule-book of Cymerau MSS Schedule-book ofD. D. Evans MSS

( 1 934) [DDE MSS]

Schedule-book of Derry Ormond MSS Schedule-book ofD. Francis Lloyd MSS (dep.

1 93 8) [DFL MSS] [CSRLS]

Schedule-book of D . Thomas (Aberystwyth) MSS Schedule-book of D. T.

M

Jones MSS

Schedule-book of Druid Inn MS S (ed.

1 976) 1 962) Schedule-book of Edwinsford MS S vol.2 pp. 706-08

Schedule-book ofE. A Lewis MS S (ed.

Schedule-book of Esgair & Pantperthog MS S Schedule-book of Falcondale MSS Schedule-book o f F. C . Carter MSS Schedule-book of F. C. Winchester (Hove) MSS Schedule-book of Ffosrhydgaled MS S CXVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography S chedule-books of F. Green MSS vols.24-25 Schedule-book of Foley MSS (ed. 1 964) Schedule-book of G. E. Evans MSS ( 1 97 1 ) Schedule-book of Glanpaith MSS Schedule-book of Glansevin MSS pp.23 6-63 Schedule-book of Glansevern MSS vol. 5 Schedule-book of Gogerddan (Lead) MSS Schedule-book of Grismond Phillips (Cilbronnau) MSS Schedule-book of Gwynfryn MSS Schedule-book of H. Harold Hughes MSS [H. H. Hughes MSS] Schedule-book of Haverfordwest (Eaton, Evans and Williams) MSS [Hav.EEW MSS] Schedule-book ofHaverfordwest (Williams and Williams) MSS [Hav. WW MSS] Schedule-book of Hendre-felen MSS Schedule-book of Sir John Williams MSS ( ed. 1 980) Schedule-book of Kyle MSS [some names translated by editors into English from original Latin] Schedule-book ofLancych MSS Schedule-book of LlanllYt" MSS Schedule-book ofLlidiardau MSS Schedule-book of Llwyn MSS Schedule-book of Llwyndyrys MSS Schedule-book of Llysnewydd MSS Schedule-book of Lucas MSS Schedule-book of Maes-newydd MSS (including a series A) Schedule-book of Manordei:fi MSS Schedule-books ofM. Richardson MSS Schedule-book of Mynachdy MSS Schedule-book of Nannau MSS Schedule-book of Nanteos MSS Schedule-book ofNanteos L MSS Schedule-book of National Eisteddfod MSS [Nat.Eist. MSS] Schedule-book of Neuadd-fawr (Cil-y-cwm) MS S Schedule-book ofNeuaddlwyd and Aberaeron MSS [NA MSS] Schedule-book of NLW Deeds MS S Schedule-book ofNLW misc. MSS vols . 1 -5 Schedule-book of Nouadd MSS Schedule-book ofPengelli MSS (ed. 1 953) Schedule-book of Peniarth MSS Schedule-book of Penpont I MSS Schedule-book ofPenpont II MS S Schedule-book ofPenty-park MSS Schedule-book of Peterwell MSS (ed. 1 987) Schedule-book of Picton Castle MSS Schedule-book ofPlas Llangoedmor MS S Schedule-books of Powys Castle MS S Schedule-books of Powys Castle MS S Corr. Schedule-book of Poyston MSS Schedule-book of Price of Norton MSS Schedule-book ofRees Jenkin Jones MS S (dep. 1 926) Schedule-book ofR. Evans MS S Schedule-book ofR. J. Jones MS S Schedule-books of St-David MSS Schedule-book of Trefaes MSS Schedule-book of Tyglyn MS S Schedule-book of Ty-llwyd MSS Schedule-book of Williams Hove MSS CXV111

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Schedule-book ofW. J. Hemp MSS NLW Manuscripts (reached MS 1 6048) NLW MS 6 1 2-B NLW MS 6 1 6-1 7-D NLW MS 763-D

NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

793-B 926-C 1 404-E 1 437-E 2473-C

NLW MS 2474-B NLW MS 2475-A NLW MS 249 1 -B

NLW MS 2492-C

NLW MS 28 1 2-D NLW MS 281 3-C NLW MS 281 5-B

NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

29 1 2 2928-A 2999-D 3500-B

NLW MS 3 607 NLW MS 6689-E NLW MS 1 1 8 1 1 -E NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

1 35 1 9-B 1 3 529-A 1 3552-B 1 3 656-B 1 55 1 5 -C 1 5858-B 22680-E

- 'Estate-book of Thomas Davies, Bwlch Dyhewid 1 805-21 ' - 'Records of the Aberaeron Club' ( 1 785-1 849) - 'Records and genealogical notes relating to Cardiganshire, Radnorshire, and Merionethshire' vo1. 1 ( 1 903-1 5, T. A Glenn) [transcripts], cf. NLW MS 753 1 - ' Estreats of the sheriff's court for Cardiganshire 1 73 1-32' - 'Lleoedd yng Ngheredigion' ( 1 84 1 ) [virtually worthless] - ' The Cartulary of St. Davids' [transcript of Harl. MS 6280] - 'Harbours of Wales' ( 1 56 1 /62) - ' Welsh dialects' [includes John Rhys' s dialect map] c. 1 900 E. Anwyl (ed.) - 'Welsh dialects' c. 1 900 [includes T. C. Evans (Glams.); A W. Wade-Evans (Fishguard, Pembs.)] - ' Tafodiaith Sir Benfro' (c. 1 900) - ' The legend of Pontarfynach . . . folklore collected chiefly in the counties of Cardigan, Pembroke and Glamorgan' c. l 900 J. Griffith {in Anwyl MSS } - 'Material for a preliminary report o f the dialect section o f the Guild of Graduates of the University of Wales. ' [includes returns] c. l 897 E. Anwyl (ed.) - (i) 1 9 1 0 'Pennod yn hanes Aberystwyth: court leet' (ii) c. 1 9 1 0 ' Old Aberystwyth' - (i) c. 1 900 (ii) 1 899 - (i) 1 89 1 'Hen ysgolion ac ysgolfeistri Aberystwyth' vols. l-2 (ii) 1 892 ' Old churches' (iii) 1 894 'Aberystwyth records: court leet' (iv) c. 1 900 - ' Cardiganshire Plea-Rolls' [transcript, forms could be suspect] - ' St. Dogmells Poor-rate' ( 1 853) - ' Court book of the manor of Llanddewi Brefi' 1 834 vols. 1 -2 - 'Llyfr cyfrifon Capel Undodaidd Caeronnen, Sir Aberteifi' ( 1 84069) - 'Manors and manorial rights; D. Ll. Thomas correspondence' 1 896 - 'Map and particulars of Berthddu manor' (c. 1 850) [no map! ] - 'Miscellanea' [including ' Survey of the farm of lordships in Cardiganshire' ( 1 6001!4)] - 'Lampeter Court Leet MSS AD 1 6 1 0- 1 7 1 5 ' [transcript] - 'Episcopal visitation of 1 688' [transcript] - additions to 1 905 G. E. Evans - ' St. Dogmael's and its abbey' ( 1 904) - 'Hen fyrddynod plwyfYsbyty Ystwyth' (c. 1 950) - 'Hanes afon Geri' ( 1 894) - ' Talsam and Silian' (1 89 1 -1 923) [MR Talsarn-a-Sulian]

NLW facsimiles NLW facs. 84

- 'Facsimiles of records relating to Cardiganshire, and Carmarthenshire (Edward I and Henry V)' [E. A. Lewis PROfacs. ]

CXIX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography NLW ex. MS S NLW MS ex. 6 1 6 NLW MS ex. 796 NLW MS ex. 936 NLW MS ex. 937 NLW MS ex. 986a NLW MS ex. 986b NLW MS ex. 1 01 1 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5 NLW MS ex. 1 070 NLW MS ex. 1 240 NLW MS ex. 1 245

- ' Tax Subsidy returns ' ( 1 605) (PRO E 1 79/2 1 9/85 ) - 'Nodiadau am leoedd y n Elenydd' 1 985 C. Fychan - 'Materials for The History ofCellan' ( 1 987) (see NLW Min.Dep. 1 493-B) - ' 1 861 census returns for Trewern Quarter, Nhyfer' (copy) - 'Plas Penglais as described in the Court Case of 1 73 3 ' (A 1 988/26) ( 1 98 8 C. S. Potter) - 'Plas Penglais as described in the Court Case of 1 73 3 ' (A 1 990/63) ( 1 98 8 C. S. Potter) - ' Typescript notes on Aberystwyth area' T. I. Ellis - 'Papers of David Caronian Jones' ( 1 943-5 1 ) - ' Account-book oflorwerth Davies Edwards, Yr EfaiL Llanilar ( 1 934-3 8)' - 'Eisteddfod Mydroilyn' ( 1 92 1 ) [Eist.M ] - ' Miscellaneous Notes on the History of Nantemis' ( 1 867-83)

NLW Minor Deposits [NL W Md. MSS] NLW Min.Dep. 1 0 1 3-B NLW Min.Dep. 1 256-57-B NLW MinDep . 1 493-B 1 982 NLW Min.Dep.

- ' Court-book of the Manor of Llyswen' [MR Llyswen] - 'Dau lyfr cyfrifon Thomas Jones, gof, Caerwedros ( 1 844-45)' - ' The History of Cellan' Y. Carr ( 1 987) (see NLW MS ex.936) - 'n. c. about Aberaeron' {in 1 982 NLW Min.Dep. p.27; J. M. Howell, Aberaeron MSS 8-9 ( 1 873-1 93 1 )

Aberystwyth Town Library [A TL] anonymous pamphlets Pam. 1

- Holy Trinity Church - Eglwys y Drindod, Aberaeron 1872-1972 ( 1 972)

Pam2 Pam. 3 Pam.4 Pam. 5 Pam. 6 Pam 7

- Borth Review ( 1 95 0) - Llawllyfr yr arddangosfa genhadol a gynhelir yn Ysgol y Sir, Aberayron ( 1 925) - Aberaeron County School: the jubilee celebration 1896--1946 ( 1 946) - 1 962 SWIA Journal vol. 5 n. 4 [South Wales Institute of Architects] - Aberayron: official guide ( c. 1 960)

Pam. 8 Pam.9 Pam. 1 0 Pam. 1 1 Pam. 1 2

- Tenth Plenary Congress of the International Federation ofLeague ofNations Societies . . . Aberystwyth ( 1 926) - Lampeter: official guide ( c. 1 970) - Lampeter: the borough guides ( 1 909) - Lampeter borough: the official guide ( c. 1 950) - Our address is Trawscoed ( 1 960s) W. F. de Sales - Welcome to New Quay Wales (c. 1 980)

1 900% Plas Cilcennin

- Glimpses into the past - the story ofPlas Cilcennin {ATL P 1 7. 728-83 }

1 949> W. Lloyd-Thomas

- Mabws, Llanrhystud: some historical and other notes [incomplete] {RP 60 728 83 Llo}

cxx

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Carmarthenshire Record Office Schedule-book of Aberglasney MSS Schedule-book ofBeckingsale MSS Schedule-book of Cawdor (Lort) MSS Schedule-book of Coedmor MSS [forms of names suspect, especially manorial and parochial forms] Schedule-book of Colby MSS {in John Francis MSS vol. 3 } Schedule-book of Cynghordy MSS Schedule-book of Davies-Evans MSS Schedule-book of F:fynnone MSS {in John Francis MSS vol. 1 } Schedule-book of Glanrhydw and Ty-mawr MSS [ GIM MSS] { in John Francis MSS vol. 1 } Schedule-books of John Francis MSS vols. 1 -2 Schedule-book of Llanllawddog MSS { in John Francis MS S vol. 1 } parish histories c. 1 93 6 G. E. Evans c. 1 950 E. S. James

- ' The History of the Parishes of Pencarreg and Llanycrwys' { CRO/Mus. 3 82} - ' The Newcastle in Emlyn' {DX/86/3 5 }

Ceredigion Archives 1 833burg. list 1 836burg. list 1 83 8burg. list

- 'List of burgesses o f Cardigan' - 'List of burgesses in the borough of Cardigan in the parish of St. Mary in Cardigan' - 'List of burgesses in the borough of Cardigan in the hamlets of Bridge End and Abbey within the parish of St. Dogmaels'

Glamorgan Record Office [GRO] Schedule-book of Shall MSS c. 1 580-1 620

- 'Magnae Baroniae Waliae cum eorum Membris et Maneriis sibi Subditis' [MB W] [an uncompleted roll] {CL Deeds II B 1 47}

Cardiff Central Library [CCL] Schedule-book of Cardiganshire deeds [CD] Schedule-book ofPembrokeshire deeds [PD] H. Lewis ( c. 1 94 7) H. Lewis ( c. 1 950)

- 'History of Cellan' {MS 2 1 3 56} - 'Manuscript histories ofLlanddewi Brefi, Betws Bledrws and Cellan' {MS 2 1 332}

UCNW Bangor Schedule-book of Mostyn MSS

Clwyd Record Office Schedule-book of Wynnstay MSS vol. 3

CXXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library V. Woolford (c. l 980)

- 'Iaith y Rhos' {Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library 082480}

Museum of Welsh Life. St Fagans (formerly Welsh Folk Museum) [WFM] WFM MS 379 WFM MS 380 WFM MS 388 WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS

889 892 893 894 939

WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS

1 1 04 1 1 17 1 506/1 1 506/2 1 506/4 1 506/5 1 506/7

WFM MS 1 520/1 WFM MS 1 520/2 WFM MS 1650/ 1 1 WFM MS 1 650/12 WFM MS 1 650/14 WFM MS 1 650/1 5 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 6 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 WFM MS 1 654/5 WFM MS 1654/1 2-1 3 WFM MS 1 696/22 WFM MS 1 708/1-1 8 WFM MS 1 746 WFM MS 1 793/63-81 WFM MS 1 793/1 52 WFM MS 1 925/1 WFM MS 1 965/5 WFM MS 1 965/1-3 1 WFM MS 1 969 WFM MS 201 2/1 WFM MS 2039/1 WFM MS 2039/2 WFM MS 21 1 1 /7 WFM MS 21 1 1/9 WFM MS 21 1 1 / 1 5 WFM M S 239511 WFM MS 2670/2 WFM MS 2670/4

' Geiriau Tafodieithol Tregroes, Llandysul' 1 952 D. J. Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Cylch Aberteifi' ( 1 933) 'Enwau Personol a Chyfenwau a Chyfnewidiadau mewn Pentre Gwledig: Cwrt-newydd, Llanwenog a'r cylch' 1 958 D. R Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Tal-y-bont' ( 1 959) [no particular area] 'Geiriau Tafodieithol Staylittle a Llawr-y-glyn, Llanidloes' ( 1 959) ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Goginan' ( 1 953) 'Geiriau Tafodieithol Felin-fach' ( 1 959) ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Dyffryn Cerdin: Maesmeillion' ( 1 959) D. J. Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Llandysul' ( 1 962) D. J. Davies 'Addendum to W. M Morris Demetian Dialect' ( 1 9001!4) 'Atgofion am Pant y Defaid' ( 1 958) ' Gwahoddiad i Ardal a Phentre Prengwyn' ( 1 958) ' Atgofion am Fywyd Ardal Ystumtuen a'r Cylch' ( 1958) ' Trem yn 61 ar Llanbadarn Fawr ac Hen Atgofion' 'Casgliad o Eiriau Sathredig Llafar Gwlad Canolbarth Sir Aberteifi: Sef y Geiriau a Arferir ym Mhlwyfi Llanflhangel Y strad, Llanbedr, Llanwnnen a Dihewyd' ( 1 930) (Cribyn) 'Rhydlewis ' c. l 900 J. D. Jones 'Hanes Dyffryn Ceri' 1 968 S. Gw. Davies 'Hanes Plwyf Troedyraur' ( 1 93 8) 'Ardal Cwm Ceri' (1 953) ' Geiriau Rhydlewis' ( 1 9001!4) 'Casgliad o Sathr-eiriau Gwerin Ardal Rhydlewis' ( 1 922) 'Casgliad o Gaeau, Ta� ac Monydd yn Ardal Rhydlewis' 'Hanes Tai Dadfeiliedig Ardal Rhydlewis' (c. l 925) 'Y Cynhaeaf Gwair yng Nghwm Black Lion' M Evans 'Atgofion Ieuenctid yng Ngheinewydd' M. Evans ' Taith y Cardi o Llandyssul i Lundain' ( 1 9th cent.) 'Melin Bompren MSS ( 1 853-97)' 'Account-book ( c. l 844), found at Alltygoed Cottage, Poppit' ' Cwm Towi' E. Jones (>1 928) 'Y 'Pound' neu 'Ffald Diarddelon' E.Jones (>1 928) ' Geirfa Llafar Gwlad Sir Aberteifi' (c. l 960-65) W.Jones, Aberteifi see c. 1970map Llangeitho 'Hanes Plwyf Gwyn:fil' K. Morris (c. l 970) ' Trem ar Fro' M. Jones, Pennant (1 973) 'Rhai o Werin-eiriau Plwyf Trelech a'r Betws' E. Scourfield ( 1 964) ' Abstract of Title Synod Mill' ( 1 825-82) ' Catalogue of Sale of Alltyrodyn and Blaendyffryn' ( 1 825-82) 'Enwau Hen Fythynod' K Davies, Prengwyn (c. l 970) 'Enwau Caeau' K. Davies, Prengwyn ( c. l 970) 'Hen Eiriau Cefn Gwlad Canolbarth Aberteifi' K Davies, Prengwyn (c. l 970) ' Account-book ofMelin Bompren (c. l 890-1 926)' 'Yr Hen Ysgol National Tregaron' (c. l 980) 'Hen Dregaron' (c. l 980) CXXll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography WFM MS 2670/8

'Hen Dafarndai Tregaron' ( c. 1 980)

WFM MS 2684

' Catalogue of Sale of Glandyfi Estate' ( 1 906)

WFM MS 3 229

' Casglaid o Eirfa Glyn Ogwr a Thir Iarll ym Morgannwg' P. W. Thomas ( 1 973)

University theses 1 97 1

Bevan, J. T.

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol o Gymraeg Llafar Coety Walia a Rhuthun ym Mro Morgannwg ' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardift)

1981

Brake, P. J.

'Astudiaeth o S einyddiaeth a Morffoleg Tafodiaith Cwm Ann a'r Cylch' MA Univ. of Wales (Lampeter)

Crowe, Richard M.

1 98 8

'Diddordebau Ieithyddol Iolo Morgannwg' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 980

Dafydd, Iolo

'Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Deuddwr' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 95 5

Davies, E. J.

' Astudiaeth Gymharol o Dafodieithoedd Llandygwydd a Dihewyd' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Davies, J. J. Glanmor

1 934a

' Astudiaeth o Gymraeg Llafar Ardal Ceinewydd: ei Seineg gydag Ymchwiliadau Gwyddonol, ei Seinyddiaeth a' i Ffurfiant gyda Geirfa Lawn, a Chyfeiriad at ei Semanteg' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Davies, L.

1 969

Ellis, Dewi Machreth

1 93 5

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol gan Gynnwys Geirfa o Dafodiaith Merthyr Tudful a'r Cylch' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardift)

' Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd S ir Drefaldwyn' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Favereau, Francis

1 984

Fychan, Gw. Angharad

2001

'Langue quotidienne, langue technique, et langue litteraire dans le

parler et la tradition orale de Poullaouen' These de Doctorat d' Etat es-lettres, Universite de Haute-Bretagne (Rennes 2) ' Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Gogledd Cantref Buellt' , PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

[OCVoc. ]

Graves, E. van T.

1 962

' The Old Cornish Vocabulary' PhD Columbia Univ.

Grey, C .

1 97 8

'English Loan-words in Welsh: some Aspects' BNdissertation

G.

Univ. of Wales (Dept. of Linguistics, Bangor) Griffiths, D. Griffiths,

,V.

G. Milwyn

1 975

'Astudiaeth Eirfaol o Gymraeg Llafar Llanfair Caereinion', MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 948

' Enwau Lleoedd yng Nghymydau Caerwedros a Mabwynion' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Grooms, J. Chris

1 98 8

Harries, B. D .

1 95 6

[GMG]

' Giants in Welsh Folklore and Tradition' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) {see 1 993 J. C. Grooms} ' Enwau Lleoedd Hen Arglwyddiaeth Tal y Fan' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff:)

Hooson-Owen, Ll.

1 954

' The History of the Welsh Language in Radnorshire since 1 53 6 ' MA Univ. of Liverpool

Jones, Glyn E .

1 983

' Astudiaeth o Ffonoleg a Gramadeg Tair Tafodiaith ym Mrycheiniog' PhD Univ. of V/ales (Cardift)

Jones, Gwenllian Morris

1 926

'Anglesey Place-names' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor)

Jones, Meirion Wyn

1 995

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Gymraeg Llafar y Mwldan

Jones, Robert Owen

1 967

' A Structural Phonological Analysis and Comparison of Three

Koch, John Thomas

1 985

(Tre Aberteifi)' M.Phil. Univ. of Wales (Lampeter) Welsh Dialects' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor) 'Linguistic Preliminaries to the Dating and Analysis of Archaic Welsh Verse' PhD Harvard Univ. Le Moing, Jean-Yves

1 988

' Toponymie bretonne de Haute-Bretagne' vols. l -2, These de

Doctorat d' Etat es-lettres, Universite de Haute-Bretagne (Rennes 2) CXXlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 'Tafodiaith hen BlwyfLlangatwg (Castellnedd)' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) 1 960 Lewis, D. Gerwyn ' Astudiaeth o Iaith Lafar Gogledd-orllewin Ceredigion' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) Lewis, Meinir 1 96 1 'Disgrifiad o OrgraffHen Gymraeg gan ei Chymharu ag Orgraff Hen Wyddeleg' MA Univ. ofWales (Aberystwyth) Madeg, Mikael 1 995 'Diazeza reolennou renabli anoiou keriadennou hag o distagadur: skwer Bro-Leon' vols. 1 -3 , These de Doctorat a regime unique, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest (printed as 1 996 M. Madeg) 1 965 ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol gan Gynnwys Geirfa, o Gymraeg Llafar Middleton, Mary Ardal Tafarnau Bach, S ir Fynwy' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) (alias M Wiliam) Morris-Jones, Gw. see Gw. M. Jones 1 977 Owen, Hywel Wyn ' The Place-names of the Lordship ofHawarden' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor) 1 983 Owen, Hywel Wyn 'The Place-names of the Lordships ofEwloe and Hope together with a Dictionary of Elements' PhD Univ. of Wales (Bangor) Peate, Iorwerth Cyfeiliog 1 924 'The Dyfi Basin' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) Phillips, Dylan 1 997 'Hanes Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, 1 962-1 992' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) 1 933 'The Spoken Dialect of the Ogwr Basin' MA Univ. ofWales Phillips, T. I. ( Aberystwyth) 1 955 'Astudiaeth o Gymraeg Llafar Dyffryn Ehii a'r Cyffiniau' MA Univ. Phillips, Vincent H. of Wales (Cardiff) 1 953 'Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd CantrefDinas Powys' MA Univ. of Pierce, Gwynedd 0. Wales (Cardiff) Rees, E. Chris 1 958 ' Tafodiaith rhan isafDyffryn Llwchwr' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) 1 936 Rees, R 0. 'Gramadeg Tafodiaith Dyffryn Arnan' MA Univ. of Wales ( Aberystwyth) 1 969 Ruddock, Gilbert E. 'Astudiaeth Seinegol o Dafodiaith Hirwaun ynghyd a Geirfa' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 97 1 Samuel, 0. M ' Astudiaeth o Dafodiaith Gymraeg Y Rhigos' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) Stern, J. 'The English and Welsh Dialects ofPumpsaint, Carmarthenshire' 1 973 MA Leeds Univ. [worthless as far as Welsh is concerned] 1 987 Thomas, A. D. 'Dadansoddiad Cymdeithasol ac Y stadegol o Ddigwyddiad /�/ yn Nhafodiaith Plwyf Tyddewi' MA Univ. of Wales (Lampeter) 1 958 ' Astudiaeth Seinegol o Gymraeg Llafar Dyffryn Wysg' MA Univ. of Thomas, Alan R Wales (Aberystwyth) 1 933a 'Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Meisgyn gyda Sylw' Thomas, R J. Arbennig i BlwyfLlantrisant' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 97 1 Thome, David ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Dafodiaith Llangennech' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 976 'Astudiaeth Gymharol o Ffonoleg a Gramadeg Iaith Lafar y Maenorau oddi mewn i Gwmwd Carnwyllion yn Sir Gaerfyrddin' PhD Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) Watkins, E. M. ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Dafodiaith Cil-y-cwm P, Cil­ 1 989 y-cwm Q, Rhandir-mwyn, Llanfair-ar-y-bryn yn Nosbarth Dinefwr, Dyfed' M.Phil Univ. ofWales (Lampeter) Watkins, T. Arwyn 1951 ' Tafodiaith PlwyfLlansamlet' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) ' The Study of the Place-names ofMerioneth' MA Univ. of Wales 1 93 1 Williams, T . H. ( Aberystwyth) Lewis, Cyril B. H.

1 932

CXXlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Miscellaneous documents 1 93 0Ar

Larkshill MSS W.P.Ll. Jones ( 1 987)

Ystrad SF

- 'Rhestr o Dai Gwag yn 1 93 0 yn Ardal Llanddewi' {in possession of 0. Lake, Beili Richard, Llanddewi Brefi} - {in the possession of T. E. Thomas, Cnwcruchedydd, Llannarth, see 1 948 G. M. Griffiths from whence I obtained the forms} - 'Mynyddoedd a Bryniau Llanddewi Brefi' {in possession of author at Ystrad, Llanddewi Brefi} [places located wildly erroneously on accompanying map] - 'Ystrad Society ofFriends' ( 1 80()2/z) {in possession of M Hughes, Cymerau, Felin-fach}

REPOR TED INFORMA TION

The distinction I make between informants and ' personal communicants' is that the former are 'naiVe' transmitters of traditional local knowledge whereas the latter can be suspected transmitting written knowledge. Such a distinction is not wholly watertight since some informants have read parish histories and some ' communicants' also have access to local oral traditions. Nevertheless, it is a distinction that is worth keeping in mind when deciding upon the value of differing pronunciations or when differing interpretations are given to a name.

Informants A

Davies D. Davies D. Davies D. Daviest D. Davies D. Davies D. Davies(ii) D. & R Davies E. Davies E. Davies Gl. Daviest Gr. Daviest Gw. Davies H. T. Davies I. Davies I. Davies J. Daviesi· J. Davies J. D. Davies L. Davies M Davies M. Daviest M Davies M. Davies M. Davies M. A Davies M H. Davies N. Davies T. J. Davies

: Aneurin, Tynflynnon, Llanbedr : Da� Nant-y-glo, Rhandirmwyn (formerly Abergwesyn) : Dan, Bryntirion, Llwyndafydd : David, Poutun, Llangamarch, Brees. : David, Vader, Station Terr, Llanbedr (formerly Castell) : Donald, Heol Aberystwyth, Friends Cottage, Aberteifi : Dyddanwy, Dwylan, Llandydoch : Dan & Ray, Cae-Da-Bywain, Alltblaca : Nellie Davies, Rhydfuddai-ucha, Llannarth : Evan Davies, Marchnant, Cwmclaerwen, (Brees. ) : Glyn Davies, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Cwmduwlas) : Griffith Davies, Cilfachrheda : Gwen, Dolcletwr, Treddol : Hugh Torn, Tregaron (formerly Greigddu-ucha, Cwmtwrch) : lor� GorweL Ysbyty Ystwyth : Iwan, Rhyd-y-gaer, Blaenporth : Jac, Fron Villa, Llanddewi (formerly Aberdeuddwr) : Jac, Llwyndu, Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn (formerly Sarnau) : Jean Dalis, Ffynnondalis, Dihewyd : Penrallt, Mynachlogddu : Margaret, 4 Pwllswyddog (formerly Pont-ar-Gamddwr) : Mary, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Pantresgair) : Mair, Frondeg (Pensteps), Alltblaca : Mair, Pencnwc, Blaenannerch : Margaret, Yr Hendrefwyn, Biwla (formerly Pantdaniel) : Mary Ann, Hafodwnnog-ucha, Nebo : miss, Dolawel, Rhydlywys (formerly Ffostrasol) : Nancy Davies, Rhosderi, Templ-bar : Caerdydd (formerly Sarnau, Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn) cxxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography E. & E. Edwardst

: Elen & Edward, Lisburne Rd, Pont Rhydfendigaid (her - formerly

E. & S. Edwards

: Emily & Sophie, Glangors, Clarach (formerly Cros)

G. Edwards

: George, Rhayader (formerly Llannerchcawr & Frongoch)

Garreglwyd;

him - formerly Cornwal)

L. Edwards

: Lloyd, Lanlwyd, Pennant

M

: Mair, College Arms, Ystradmeurig

Edwards

W. Edwards

: William, Pennal View (formerly Llanio)

D. Evans

: Derwyn, Glanderwen, Capel Seion

D. T. Evans

: Daniel, Maesfelin, Llangybi (formerly Cwmcoch)

E. Evanst

: Eiddwen, Gorwel Hall, Bronant

E. Evanst

: Enoc Evans, Parc-y-rhos , Gorsgoch

F. Evans

: Frances, Tyndomen, Tregaron

I. T. Evans

: Ifan Thomas, Awelfor, S arnau (formerly Tanglwyst)

J. Evans

: Jimmy, Tanrallt, Llanilar

J. Evans

: Jean, Nantegryd (formerly Mydroulun)

L. Evans

: Lewis Evans, Maes-y-coed, Llannon (formerly Dugoed)

M. Evans

: Margaret, Pontsian

M. Evans

: Margaret, Ty-gwyn, Mwnt

Green

0.

E. Gri:ffithst

: Olwen, Llanwnnen (formerly Pantsiry) : Emlyn, Penlanolau, Penllwyn

E. Griffiths

: Beti, CwmersiaL Cilcennin

G. Gri:ffithst

: Gertie, Mynachlogddu

I. Griffithst I.

A

Griffiths

: leu, Ty'rysgoL Eglwys-fach : Ifan Alun, Perthi-aur, Ffostrasol

Ll. Griffithst

: Llew, Glennydd, Felin-fach (fformerly Llwynreos, Talsarn)

M. Griffiths

: Moe (formerly Nantu, Llangurig)

S. Griffiths t

: Stanley, Golygfa, Croes-y-llan (formerly Pont Rhydarberth)

T. & Bl. Griffiths

: Tomos & Blodwen, Ysgubor-fach, Cwmystwyth

W. J. Gruffydd

: Bro-daweL Tregaron (formerly Ffair-rhos)

M

: Esgairsaeson, Blaenpennal

Harries

N. Herbertt

: Nancy, Penrhiwpinnau, Capeldewi

B. Hopkins

: Byron, Melindwr, Eglwys-fach (formerly Mynach)

J.

A

Hopkins

E. Howells

J.

B. Howells

D. Hughes D.

A

Hughes

D. J. Hughes

: Ty-capel, Blaenafon : Erwyd, Ty-capel, Capelmadog, Aberystwyth : John Byron, Dolcamau, Ponterwyd : Da� Park Terrace, Llandrindod (formerly Diffwys & Dalarwen) : Arwyn, Cartrefle, Blaenannerch (formerly Cilgerran) : David John, Alltddu, Pont Rhydfendigaid

1 4 Maes-yr-awel,

E. Hughes

: Elizabeth,

E. & E. Hughes

: Elinor & Edwyn, BrynaweL Cwmerfin (her - formerly Trawsnant; him

Tregaron, (formerly Brynambor)

E. M. Hughes

: Glynteg, Cymerau, Tempi-bar (formerly Crug-y-hwil, Llanwenog)

- formerly Llechwedd-hen) Rh. Hughest

: Cwmberwyn (formerly Diffwys)

M Hughes

: Mairwen, Rhosgarreglwyd, Aberhosan, Monts.

M. Hughes

: Maldwyn, Gorlan, New St, Llanbedr

W. Hughes

: Brynhirfaen, Cellan

E. Humphreys

: Edgar, Ty-clyd, Penlon, Talbont (formerly Bwlchstyllen)

A

: Bodlondeb, Penparcau (formerly Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau)

B. James

1

E. James

:

I. James

: Islwyn, Moylgrove, Pembs.

North Rd, Treddol

M. Jamest

: Gwynfli-ucha, Llangeitho

M. G. James

: Mair Garnon, Bell View, Cwm, Llandydoch

R James

: Ysgeifog, Carnhedryn, St Davids, Pembs.

A

: Alun, Derw-wen, Mynach

Jenkins

D. Jenkins

: David, Maesaleg, Penrhyncoch CXXVl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography D. Jenkins Gw. Jenkins I. Jenkinst J. G. Jenkins L. Jenkinst Ll. Jenkins M. Jenkins M. D. Jenkins W. J. Jenkins A Jones A Jones A Jones A Jones A Jones B. L. Jones C. Jones C. Jones D. Jones D. Jones(i) D. Jones(ii) D. Jones D. T. Jones E. Jones E. Jones D. M. Jones D. W. Jonest Gr. Jones Gw. Jones Gwl. Jones I. Jones I. Jones I. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. D. & M Jones J. M. Jones L. Jones Ll. Jones Ll. & E. Jones M Jones M. 0. Jones N. Jones N. Jonest N. Jones 0. Jones 0. Jones R Jones R Jones R Jonest S. Jones W. Jones

: Dafydd, Erw-lon, Llanfarian : Gwilym, Tanrallt, Talbont (formerly Tyngraig) : Ifan, Pant-y-boudy, Bwlch-llan : CilhauL Sarnau (formerly Penrnorfa) : Lynford, Sarnau : Llywelyn, Gwelfor, Gwbert (formerly Ffrwdwenith-isa) : Madge, (formerly Helyg-fawr) : mrs. , Pentre-felin, Talsarn (formerly Dihewyd) : William John, Penrhyngerwin, Ffyrnas : Nantllan, Penlan, Tyngraig : Anne, Angorfa, Llangrannog : Anni, 1 5 Skinner St, Aberystwyth (formerly Crynfryn Row) : Alban, Gwerncoli, Llanddewi Brefi : Alun, Cae-rhedyn, Glandyfi (formerly Dderwenlas, Monts.) : Benjamin, Gwastad, Abermourig : Catherine, Monarc, Heol-y-capel, Tregaron (formerly Llanio) : miss Caroline, Awelfa, Llannon : Gelli, Pentre, Tregaron (formerly Nantmaen) : Dafydd Jones, Brynhyfryd, Bwlchllan (formerly Carnau, Blaendoethiau) : Dai 'Post', Post, Abergwesyn (formerly Brongelent) : Douglas (formerly Falcondale Farm) : Dai Twrn, 62 Brynglas, Aberporth (formerly Parcllyn) : Lisi, Morwelir, Tangroes (formerly Pwntan-bach) : Ernrys, Henfaes, Cwrt-y-cadno (formerly Ty-llwyd) : Blaenbeidog, Trefentr, Aberystwyth : Walter Jones, New Inn, Nebo : Guto als. Gruffudd, Colej, Bwlchllan : Gwyn, Storws, Ysbyty Y stwyth : Gwladys Jones, Neuaddwen, Tregaron (formerly Bronhelrn) : Ieuan, 1 3 Park Avenue, Aberystwyth : Idris, Ty-dderwen, Llechryd : Ifan, Trefin, Cwrnann (formerly Pencefn Drosgl) : John, Nantllwyd, Llanddewi Brefi : John, 1 Water St. , Aberarth, (formerly Bryngwyn, Aberaeron) : Jac, Brongelli, Alltblaca : John, Penrhiwseir� Pisga : John & Marian, Pont Rhyd-y-bothau, Llwyndafydd : Jon Meirion, Bryndew� Pontgarreg : Cefuresgair, Tregaron : Lloyd, Mynachlog, Talgarreg : Lloyd & Elizabeth Jones, Euronfa, Cwrntydu : Mansell, Garreglwyd, Rhydlywys (formerly Hawen Hall) : StahL Ystradmeurig : Nancy, Fwng, Park Terrace, Llanidloes (formerly Dalarwen, Cynghordy) : Nat, Tir-bach, Bwlchllan : Nesta Jones, 25 Anwylfan, Aberporth : Olwen, Messina Park, Aberarth : Owi, Dolau, Llandyfr!og : Hendre, Blaenporth : Ray, Rhos-a-mor, Plwrnp (formerly Pil) : Die, Moelwyn, Lledrod : Sam, Glanrafon-isa, Blaencaron : WiL Ystradffm, Rhandirmwyn

CXXVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography W. J. & R Jones

: William John & Richard, Nantseilo, Penrhyncoch (formerly

W. P. Ll. Jones

: Lloyd, Ystrad, Llanio, Llanddewi Brefi

C. M. Lewis

: Katie, Llain-fach (formerly Glanrafon & Rhosgoch)

Bwlchrhoser)

D. Lewis

: Dorothy, Dol-fawr, Llanbrynmair

E. M. Lewis

: Elinor Mary Lewis, Minffordd, Llanafan

Gl. Lewist

: Brynhwith, Ysbyty-Cynfyn

Gw. Lewis

: Erw-barfau, Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ponterwyd

84 Rhoshendre,

Gw. Lewis

: Gwyneth,

H. Lewis

: RoweL Cwmerfin

Waun-fawr

H. & D. Lewis

: Huw & David, Llandysul

J. Lewist

: Jim, Troedrhiwruddwen, Rhandirmwyn (formerly Pencae,

J. Lewist

: John, Llysalaw, Sarnau (formerly Ffynnonfadog)

L. Lewis

: Lewis, Y Gorlan, Water St. , Abergynolwyn, Mers. (formerly Hendre-

E. Lloyd

: Neli,

A. Lloyd-Jones

: Alwyn, Maesteg, Cellan

E. Masont

: Ethel Mason, Glanfedw, Mynach

J. J. Mason

: John James, Bron-y-gan, Maes-yr-awel, Ponterwyd (Aberceiro gynt)

Cwmcamarch)

Wallog)

5

Pwllswyddog (formerly Llanio-isa)

1 8 Ridgeway,

I. Mathias

: Idris,

M Mathiast

: Peg, Cwmberwyn, Tresaith

Penbont, Aberteifi

D. Morgant

: Dai Morgans, Tyburn, Ysbyty Ystwyth

D. Morgans

: Dai Morgans, Glaneinon, Capeldewi (formerly Roc)

E. Morgan

: Hettie, Llwyndewi, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Bryncaregog)

M Morgan

: Magi Morgans, Wilbery House, Powell St, Aberystwyth (formerly

S. Morgan

: Parch. Stephen, Trefilan Cwrt, Talsarn (formerly Bwlchllan)

Rhydlydan, Llawerneg) T. Morgan

: Glasfryn, Llanrhystud (formerly Troedfoel, Trefentr)

T. Morgan

: Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Rhos Gelli-gron)

T. S. Morris

: Twm Pencwarre, Brynhaf, Llandygwy (formerly Cilgerran)

D. Moses

: Dewi Mosys, Brynaman

D. Owen

: David, Penbryn, Bronant

P. Owen

: Price, Dyffiyncastell (formerly Cwmergyr & Pantperthog, Mers. )

W. Owent

: William, Tynddol, Pont Rhydfendigaid

H. M. Parry

: Hetty Mary, Rydlan, Sarnau

T. Parry

: Tom, Rhydfallen, Blaenfallen

W. Price

: Nant-y-beddau, Cwmteuddwr, Rads.

W. Protheroe

: Brynmelys, Llanafan-fawr, Brees. (formerly Carregronwy, Cwmdulas)

J. Pugh

: Joseph, Pare-mawr, Ciliau Aeron

A. Rees

: Anne, Nythfa, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Abercarfan)

D. Rees

: Da� Maesbeidog, Llangwrddon

E. A. Rees

: Lisi Ann, Tegfan, Cwmcou

J. Rees

: John, Brysgaga, Bow Street

J. R. Rees

: John Roderick Rees, Bearshill, Pen-uwch

J. T. Rees

: Morfa-ucha, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Llwyngefis)

0. Rees

: Owen Sadler, Rhydlywys

I. Reynolds

: Brynhoffnant

J. Richards

: John, Pont Rhydfendigaid

R Richards

: Die, Gadlys, Llanrhystud

I. Roberts

: Islwyn, Brynglas, Llanddewi Brefi

M. Rogers

: Mary, Plas Abermourig, Felin-fach

A. Thomas

: Alun, Eisteddfa-Gurig

A. Thomas

: Nan, Pant-yr-awel, Pant-y-gwin, Mynydd Cellan

D. Thomast

: Da� Bwlchrhiw, Rhandirmwyn CXXVlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography D. J. Thomas E. Thomas E. & H. Thomas H. Thomas J. Thomas J. Thomas M. Thomas M. Thomas N. Thomast Rh. Thomas S. Thomas Gw. Tudur A Gw. Williams D. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams G. Williams Gl. Williams I. Williams I . Williams J. Williams J. Williams L. Williamst M. Williams P. Williams S . Williams

: Bryndulais, Llanllwni : Elsie, Llandyfriog : Nel & Hywel, Cnwcruchedydd, Llannarth : Hilda, Cyrnerau, Talbont : Jane, Glynteg, Dre-fach, Llanwenog : John, Pant-yr-aethnen, Capeldewi : ms. Marian, Melin Brithdir, Rhydlywys : Martha, Gwelfryn, Cribyn : Troedrhiw Cwmhyar, Tregroes (formerly Pontsian) : Rhys, 4 Tai-cownsil, Ffostrasol : Sophie, Pwllhobi, Llanbadarn-fawr : Gwilym, Aberystwyth (formerly Chwilog) : Anna Gwyon, Fagwyrgoch, Cwmgwaun : Nant-henfoeL Cambrian : Rhiwlyg, Tregroes : Tegfryn, Alltblaca : Lisi, Preswylfa, Blaenplwyf : Ella, Gamwen, Ferwig (formerly Granant, Moylgrove) : Elsie, Cyrnau-bach, Cominscoch : Gertie, Crymych (formerly Mynachlogddu) : Glyn & Tegwen, Tangaer-newydd, Cellan : Ifor, Gallt-y-bere, Rhandirmwyn : Idris, Carrog-isa, Glyndyfrdwy : Cwmcarfan, Llanddewi Brefi : Jac, Bryndrindod, Cilcennin (formerly Brynpeithyll) : Lewis, Gamwen, Ferwig (formerly Heolcw) : May, Bodlondeb, Penparcau (formerly Goginan) : Penry, Lluest, Llanbrynmair (formerly Camo) : Sam, Cwmtegryd, Capeldewi

Personal Communicants L. L. Davies

R Dery Gl. Evans J. Fitzgerald C. Fychan H. LL Humphreys E. James D. Jenkins C. Jones Ch. Jones Gw. Jones G. V. Jones G. W. Jones M. W. Jones T. Jones J. T. Koch M. Lacey H. Ladd-Lewis 0. Lake P. Morgan C. M. Phillips A Price

: Mynachlogddu : Robert, Dolawel, C wmann, Llanbedr Pontsteffan : Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Carms. : Revd. Father John, CarmeL Portland St, Aberystwyth : Cledwyn, Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau : Humphrey, Pwllswyddog, Tregaron (formerly Wallasey) : Eirwen, Ty-mawr, Tregaron : Dafydd, 1 8 Llys HenysgoL North Rd : Celia Jones, Pant-y-dail, Pont Rhyd-y-groes : Christine, New Moat, Pembs. : Gwyn, Monarc, Heol-y-capel, Tregaron : Geraint Vaughan, Mallwyd : Gareth Wyn, Bryndewi, Pontgarreg : Meirion, North Rd, Aberteifi : Tegwyn, Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau : John Thomas, Harvard : Mary, SWr1-y-nant, Pont Rhydfendigaid : Hedd, Newport, Pembs. : Owen, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Carreg-y-dwfn, Trap, Llandeilo) : Prys, Bishopston, Swansea : Parc-y-ffri:er, Llandydoch : Alun, Bala CXXlX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Walker M. Wursthorn R

: Ron, Waun-fawr : Markus, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Germany

cxxx

( 1 ) IS-COED ABERTEIFI Aberdar -(SN (ii) 1 70-482)[aber + dar] ; Tythen Aberdare 1 574 Bronvvydd 1\1S S, Habedare c. l 700 in 1 93 6 H. Owen vol. 4 p . 47 5, Abeniar 1 748map L.J\.1orris, Aberdare OOS 1 8 1 4, Aberdar 1 826PR Ferwig,

P..her-dare OS 1 834, Aberdare

1 83 8 Th1S Ferwig, Aber-dar OS 1 89 1 i) S N 1 71 -484. 1 83 8. i n Ferwig parish.

ii) SN 1 70-482.

1 89 1 .

i..r1 Aberteifi parish.

The name Dar is common one for Welsh stream-names, and there is no doubt that in this case Dar is the older name of Nant-y-Ferwig (d).

L.t.,.BERTEIFI

�(SN 1 77�460)[aber + l1.t1. Teifi] ;

[_@'$'aber'tejvi

1 994 1\1. \Xf. Jones p. 1 5 1 ,

ab;)r'tejvi

J. Levvis]

Aber Teiui fl. l l 5C>-=-90(c. l 400) G-"Nalchmai in Hendreg. p. l 8, Aberteivi c. l l 9 1 Gir. IK p. l l O, Teifi Aber f1. 1 1 50-1 200(c. 1 400) Cynddel in Hendreg. p. l l 6, Aber Teiuy f1. 1 2 1 5 (c. 1 400) Einion ab Gwgon in Hendreg. p. 52, Kardivan 1 2 1 4 Rotuli OF p. 522, Kaerdigan 1 2 1 8 CalPR p. 1 43 , Kaerdinan 1 223 CalPR p.4 1 3 , Kardinan 1 223 CalPR p.4 1 4, Kardigan 1 229 CalPR p.26 1 , 'villa' Cardigan 1 23 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 3 63 , Cardigan 1 24 1 Ca!PR p. 265, Cardygan 1253

in_ J.C.Davies 1 946b p. 3 87, Aberte'vV'J

c. 1 286 i\nrt. Camb. (B) p. 40, Abertewi c. 1 286 A1m. Camb. (B) p. 5 3 , Aberteiui c. 1 286 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 71 , 'castellum' Cardigan c. l 286 Lll..ru'1.Camb. (B) p. 75, Aberteivi c. l 28 6 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 97, Aberteyui c. 1 288 Ann. Camb . (C) p. 4 1 , Kardygan 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Cardygan 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 M.R.hys p. l l 9, Gardigan 1 304 in 1 93 6 J\1.Rhys p. 80,

Villa

de Cardigan 1 3 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. I O p. l 5 5 , Aber Teiui 1 3 00414

BT(RBH TJ) p . 72, Caer Aber Teiui 1 3 004/4 BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 46, Aber Teifi 1 3 004/4 BT(RBH) vol.2 p.289, Aber Teifi c. 1 400 BT(RBH) (var. T) p. l 20, Cardican 1 407 CalPR p. 3 1 8, Kerdigan 1 422 in 1 990 \V. J. Lewis p. 1 1 1 , Cardigan als. Abertive 1 448 in 1 970 J\.1. Richards p. 68, Aber Tei:fi fl. 1 470 Daf Nantmor p.63, i�.berteivi c. 1 475 BS p. l 68 , 'vic. ' Cardigan 1 49 7 ERSt�David p . 770, Cairdigan 1 53 9 J. Leland p. l 23 , Cardyganne 1 539 i n 1 904 E. �v1.Pritchard p.77, Aber Teifi c. l 566EPC, Aber Teiv� Aber Teifi c. 1 5 69 RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p. 895,

o

dre Aberteivi c. l 60 0 L.Dwnn vol. l p . 59, Tre Aberteivi c. l 600 L.DW!l..n

vol. 1 p. 85, Aberteivi c. l 600 L.D\v!m vol. l p. 80, Aberteifi 1 6 1 0 in 1 970 M.Richards p . 68, Abertive 1 650 EJ\1WDS 4 1 , Cardigan-tovm 1 675

i,_q 1 93 7 BBCS vol.9 p.75, Caerdigan 1 684 PDB p. 244, 'by the vulgar

called' Abertivi 1 684 PDB p . 247, Cardgan 1 75 9 G.E. Evans J\.1S S p . 7, Cardigan 1 803map J. Singer, Cardigan als. Aber Teifi 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, Cardiga (sic) 1 822PR Aberteifi, Cardiga (sic) 1 832PR Ferwig, Cardigan, W. Aberteivy 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 58, Aberteifi (Llandysul dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 7, Abarteifi (Newcastle Emlyn dialect) c. l 90 0 NLW MS 2492-C, Aberteify 1 907 E.RPritchard p. 66, 'Berteifi 1 934 D. Jen.i(ins p. 1 , Abyrtei:fi 1 990 ATD n. 293, n. 304-06, Ybyrteifi 1 990 ATD n. 3 02-03 The tm.xm \Vas built between 1 1 1 0-36 by the fo�flglo-French invaders of Ceredigion [ 1 991 R. l·

•.

and became the centre of Anglo-French influence

Gri�ffiths: 1 00] i..'1 Cardiganshire, as vvell as becoming the county town.

Its first royal cr..arter in 1 1 99, and its second one in 1 249 [ 1959 L J. Sanders: 320] . In 1 284 gained a royal charter of incorporation as a borough [ 1 99 1 R. A. Griffiths: 1 1 5] and a confirmatory charter Carlisle s.v. Cardiga.'l] ; see

Saint Mary (1 -a).

i.11 1 5 1 8

[181 1

N.

In 1 30 1 -02 Aberteifi }l.ad 1 28% burgages [ 1 959 I. J Sanders: 33] . In

1 565 it was composed of 5 5 households [ 1 972 CER: 7.58] and c. 1 600 it had 260 inhabitants [ 1 989 M. 229] . J\1ention is made of the tovvn walls

i..'1 the early l\1odern period

Griffiths:

[ 1 537 Kyle MSS; 1 625 Coed.mor MS 1 25 ;

1666 Bronwydd MSS ] . A description of the line o f the to�m 'Nalls i s given by S . Cunnane [ 1 982 CER: 9.296] ,

along with a map [T. James in 1 983 CER: 9.337] . The northern end of tovvn which has largely developed i..'1 the twentieth century is described thus: "There is also a great change in North-Road which was formerly bordered on each side by uncultivated barren and waste ground \vith watery pools, trash and rabbit holes and natural boglands. " [ 1 926 TS 1 6/07/26] . "Yn nechrau 1 93 9, Greenland 1\1eadows oedd pen-draw gogleddol Aberteifi . . . perci (caeau) oedd o'n cylch ni ym tnhob cyfeiriad. Doedd dim ty rhyngom ni a Brynteifi - dim son am J\.1aesglas,

' :na r

Rhos,

na

North Park; dim adeilad rhwng Heol y Gwbert a Felinban

ond y rhes tai gwynion a elwid Cnwc�y-dintir. . . dim son am �Jfaes-y-coed

na Rlwd-y-felin :na G--rove Park.

I Tir amaethyddol g\vyrddlas oedd o'n cylch - a gwartheg yn pori'n dawel yno: neu ambell erw'n rhoi gnwd o dato glan. I A dychwelyd at y briffordd, yr Safai Felinban fel pererin mug uwchben ei nant helbulus.

oedd rhes tai o Fryn Awe! at y bont (Grangetown) yno fel y ddwy res o dai o bob tu i Heol Aberystwyth fel canllawiau nobl i'r teithvvyr i'r Gogledd. Yn rl-.annau uchaf y ddwy ochr hyn y bu'r nevvid mvvyaf yn y flynyddoedd i ddod. Ond sylwch: nid oedd son am yr ystadau hyn - Maes-yr-haf, J\.1aeshen..-Ffordd,

1

(l) IS�COED Bryn.lJ.afod, Yr Hafod ei hun a Bro-Tei:fi. Gwlad amaethyddol hollol oedd yrna, a'r caeau gwelltog yn goleddu tuag at bri:ffordd Llechryd ar y gwastad islaw. Cae agored oedd y man lle saif 'Kwik Save' heddiw, (Gwalia Garage o'i flaen) a hefyd eghvys ne,vydd y Pabyddion." [D. J. Roberts i...11 1 989 TS 03/02/89] . The idea that the English name Cardigan is to be derived from Car-duggan [w. R. Jones in 1 976 Cardi: 14.3], or Caer Dli!gan [ 1 989 R. Jones : 1 20] , an Irish chieftain [W. R. Jones i.'1 1 976 Cardi: 1 4.3] is totally erroneous (the Irishness of the name is inspired by the E-I.sn. Duggan, though \V.pn. Cadwgan would do as \vell, see Glandwgan, 6 1 -a), the phonetic link between E. Cardigan and W. Ceredigion is straightforward (see sub Ceredigion, e), and the application of the na."'TI.e of the province to its chief town is paralleled i."'1 the tO\'\-'Il names of Kidwelly +- W. Cedweli, Laughame +- W. Talacham (Canns .); Pembroke +- W. Pe11jro (Pembs.); Brecon +- W. Brycheinog (Brees.). Nevertheless, i11 arguing the case for Caerdwgan, R Jones (1 989: 1 20] gives an interesting comment as to the use of both names in \Velsh: "Prin y clywir, hyd yn oed heddiw, neb o'r genhedlaeth h)'Il o frodorion ardaloedd Llandysul neu Gastell Nev.ydd EIT'Jyn neu i lav.rr i gyfeiriad Gogledd Sir Ben..+ro, yn son am fYnd i Aberteifi mynd i Gardigan y byddent bob amser. Ni chredaf mai mater o Seisnigo ydyw. Wedi'r cyfan, fy ngherLhedlaeth i a rhai iau na mi a fh'n benfl.af cyfrifol am Seisnigeiddio ein henwau lleoedd." The English name of this town is contained in the tn. Cardigan Slade (Prendergast), att. 1 742, just off the road that leads to Aberteifi [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 438] . Lt\ngel -(SN 1 79-459)[E. angel]; Rhyd Park yr Angell (prox.?) 1 840PR Cilgerran in 1 992 PN Pembs. p.363, (c) Parkyrarglwydd als. PJigel Inn Fields 1 859 M.Richardson MSS p.3 1 8, (pn.) Davi James yr Angel l 884 TS 28112/84 .A_rgoed -(SN 1 88-466)(ar- + coed]; Le 1\tf�lros 1 30 1 -02 ARCWW p. 7 1 , Le J\1alros 1 3 04 in 1 936 1\.A.Rhys p.297, (c) Park y J\1arlys 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd }ASS, (c) Park J\.1arlwys 1 720 Bronwydd MSS, The l\.1arlose 1 803 Derry Ormond l\ASS, (cs53 1 �35) }.1arles Fields 1 839TMS, ihgoed OS 1 89 1 The house o f A.rgoed was built bet. 1 83 9�91 [ l 8391MS� OS1 89 I ] . The older name of the land, which was a holding in 1 83 9, seen1s to have been a name identical to Marloes (Pembs.), �Malros 1 234-42, �Marias 1 529, Jyfarloes 1 793 , which is derived by B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 6 1 0-l l ] from an original *1\foelros 'bare hill-spur'. The name *},;/oelros is attested in the Scottish tn. lvfelrose (Roxburghsl>ire), which was A/failros in 73 1 , but the in the 'Velsh forms .lvfalros can only be explained if we posit *mae! a variant of moe! ( cf. sub Faelallt, 32-a), or if is taken to be an English spelling for [�], the form A1alros then showing an English phonetic development. The metathesis of the medial cluster [-lr-] --+ [-rl-], as evidenced i..11. the later form The 1\..farlose 1 803 can be explained in \Velsh phonology as the readjustment of an uncommon medial cluster to a commoner one, cf Gilros (5-a). The name seems to refer to the long spur that extends from Banc-y=warin (1-b) to Aberteifi (1-a), upon which the the moorish commorJand of P..hos Tre Aberteifi (1 -b) lay. The modern meaning of rhos 'moor' remained suitable for this area, but in such an archaic inverse construction as Malros, rhos would have meant 'bill-spur' rather tb.an 'moor', indeed, it is obvious that !vfarloes (Pembs.) refers to that 'textbook' promontory (the westernmost of southern Pembrokeshire) that faces the island of Skomer. Bathphouse -(SN 1 77-464)[E. bath + house]; [zba6ows 1 994 :M. \V. Jones p.200, ba8'haws D. Davies] The Bath House 1 830PR Aberteifi, Bath House 1 834rnap J.Wood, Bath House 1 83 9TMS, Bath House 1 861 M.Fichardson MSS p. 373, Bath House OS 1 904, Bath House Farm 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 82, The Bathhouse 1 991 leaflet There was a Bath House between 1 799� 1 892 in LA berystv.yth on the site of Penbryndiodde (65-b), where there vvere public baths. Bethania -(SN (ii)l 79-461 )[Bibl.tn. Bethania]; Bethany 1 85 1Rel. cens. p. 474, Cardigan (Bethania) c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.28 1 , Chap OS 1 982 i) SN 1 78-462. b. 1 775�76 [ 1 85 1 Rel. cens. : 474� 1 947 R. Edwards : 2 1 � 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: so]; b. 1 799 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall"Turner: 281 ] ; enl. l 81 9 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 50] . cf Ysgol Aberteifi (l�a). ii) SN 1 79�46 1 . b. l 843-46 in \Villiam Street to replace site (i) (1947 R. E 1 1 95 ( 1 424) CalPatR p.258, L e Chaste! d e Cardigan

1 328-29 in Suppl.AC cL-xYJ.ii, Ynghastell Aber Tivi c. l 600 Egerton MS 2, 5 86 p. 76, Castell Aber Teiry >1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Castle Green 1 76 1 Bromvydd MS S, The Castle of Cardigan 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, The Castle Green 1 834PR ii..berteifi, Castle Green 1 83 4amap J.Wood The castle was bombarded by Parliamentarians in Dec. 1 644 (late 1 643 by the Royalist garrison in May 1 645

[ 1 985 CER: 1 0. 1 93] .

[ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 5]), and was burnt [1990 w. J. Lewis: 5] ; "The

It served later as a jail

castle and the ground contained witb..in its outer walls (called the Castle Green) now belong to John Bowen, Esq. who is building a house on the site of the keep . . . " " erected a house on the site of the

keep,

[ 1 808

s.

R. Meyrick: 1 00];

John Bowen

. . . The dungeons now· serving as l-is cellars: the wall between the

two towers being lowered, and the green sloped down so as to form a hanging garden. " Cardigan] . The mention of

Castle Gate

opposite

..

gate was between the castle and the walled tovm,

Cilmaenllwyd

-(SN 202-48 l ) [cil + y + maen +

( 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. MSS: 61] implies that this rather than the tmvn gate known as Bridge-gate (1-c).

T-Jeolfair (1-c)

[ 1 758 Llanllawddog

llv.ryd];

Cil y �Aaenllwyd, Cilymaenlhvyd 1 787sur map,

Cilmaenlhvyd

1 83 91MS Aberteifl, Cil-maenlhvyd

OS 1 89 1

Cnwc-y-deintur -(SN (i) 1 83-470) [cnwc + y + dei..r1tur]; [knoka'dmt!r D .

Davies]

Kflwckydyntyr 1 8 1 6PR Aberteifl, Cnwck-y-dintir 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Cnwck y Dintir 1 828PR Aberporth, Cnwc-y-dintir

(i)

OS 1 89 1 , Cmvc y Dintir (ii) OS 1 982

i) SN 1 83 =470.

[081 904; 081 982] . Felinban (1-a). In southern

ii) SN 1 81 -469. A housing estate, b. bet. l 904-82 The name is associated with nearby

Cnwcsaeson

-(SN 1 99-4 8 l ) [cnwc + y + saeson] ;

[knuk'sejs�n L.

deintur Penddeintur (40-a).

Cardiganshire the word

masculine noun, whilst in central Cardiganshire it was a femi.fline noun. cf

was a

Williams]

Knwck y Seison 1 697 Nouadd MSS , K..·•nvck y Saeson 1 748 !vi.Richardson 1\.1S S p. 434, Cnwc y Saeson 1 787sur map, Cnwcyseison OOS 1 8 1 4, Cnwc-y-seison OS 1 834, Cnwc Saeson 1 839TMS Aberteifi See sub Rhos

Corsydd

Tre Aberteifi (1-b).

- (SN 20 1 -480) [corsydd] ; Corsydd Duon 1 743-45 Nouadd l\.1S S , Ffoesydd Dyon (sic) 1 74 8 l\.1.Richardson l\.1S S p. 434, Corsydd 1 80 1 M.Richardson MS S p.48 1 , Corsydd 1 83 9Tl\.1S Aberteifl, Gorsydd OS 1 89 1 , Corsydd O S 1 904, Tanybryn OS 1 982

Crugefa -(SN 202-478)[crug + f pn.

Efa] ;

Gry Eva 1 666 Colby l\1S 69, Crig Eva 1 71 5 C olby

J\I[S

72, Cryg Eva 1 726/27 Colby l\1S 70, Crigeva

1 80 1 l\.1. Richardson l\1S S p. 48 1 , Crug-efa 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Crug Efa OS 1 834, Crug Efa 1 83 9TJ\1S Aberteifi, Crug E'irra 1 83 9PR Fenvig

Twmpath Tylwith Teg noted in the proxitr.ity no doubt refers to the original topographic feature that Cntgefa [1 860 AC : 58] . As tylwyth-teg was not the original designation of 'fairies' in this area one is suspicious of Twmpath-tylwyth-teg as a wholly spurious name, or at least as one derived from The

gave its name to

4

(1) IS-COED twmpath is almost in literary \Velsh, see sub Tanrhiwfelen (63-a). Cwmbared -(SN 1 94-484)[cwm + E . sn. Barrett] ; a semi-learned source. The term

ucl-Jlown in Cardiganshire, though it is fairly common

Com Barre 1 5 72/73 Nouadd MSS, Com Barrett 1 63 0 Nouadd }\ASS, Park bach Cv.mbarred, Cefen C\\'111barre 1 787sur map For an explar.ation, see sub

Cwmpreis - (SN

(csl7, 1 8, 22) Weirglodd C\vmbarred,

Trebared (1-a).

1 79-486) [c\vm + W-E.sn. Pryce] ;

Llain-y-felin OS 1 83 4, Cvnn Price 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Cwm-price OS 1 89 1 The name is unlikely to have been established earlier than the mid-eighteenth century, see sub

Hen­

Gogerddan (4-a); cf L!einau-Preis (2-a). Y Dderwen - (SN 1 76-473)[y + derwen] ; Y-Dderwen O S 1 982

DdO!b!esant -(SN

1 97-488) [y + dol + plesant] ;

Ddol-bleasant 1 82 1 PR Ferwig, Ddol-pleasant O S 1 89 1 , Ddo!-plesant OS 1 904

DOlgerdd

= ( SN 1 76-474)[dol + cerdd ] ;

Dolgerdd OS 1 982

Ebeneser

-(SN 1 78-46 l ) [Bibl.tn. Ebenezer] ;

Ebenezer 1 85 1 Rel.cens. p. 474, Cardigan c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Tumer p.280

[ 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 33] ; b. 1 827-28 [ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474, c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfull�Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 68; 1987 B. J. Ravvlins: 51 ] ; sold 1 884 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ] ; closed 1 88 9 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 68] ; denom. \VJ\1. Eglwysgatholic -(SN 1 83 -465 ) [ eglwys + catholic] ; [eglus'gafbhk I. James] est. l 809

Ch O S 1 982

A new catholic church was built in 1 970 [ 1 9 70 TS: 25!09170; inf s. Cunane]; it replaced an eg!us'va:z on Traeth (1 -c), which existed before 1 93 9-45 [inf. I. James] .

Erw-wen

-(SN 1 77-474)[env + gwen] ;

Erw Wen O S 1 982

Feli11ban

-(SN 1 84-472)[y + melin-pan] ;

Tucking

:Mill

> 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Felin Ban 1 8 1 7PR Abertei:fi, Felin-ban, Felin-ban

1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Felin-ban OS 1 89 1 See Cnwc-y-deintur (1-a). Fe!in-ganol -(SN 1 98-488)[y + melin (+ canol)] ; Felin ganol 1 787sur map, Feli.�ganol O OS 1 8 1 4, Cwm-velin-ganol (prox.) 1 8 1 5PR Ferwig, Felin-gano! 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifi, Felin ganol (Corn) OS 1 89 1 -(SN 1 87-473)[y + melin + newydd] ;

Feli.•1-newydd

[velm'owi

D . Davies, I . James,

25'velm'nowi

1 994 M W.

Jones p. 340] Felinnewydd 1 803map J. S inger, Felin nevr;dd O OS 1 8 1 4, Y Velin ne\vidd 1 6 1 1 Hav. EE\V l\.1SS , New Mill 1 65 3

in

\VGaz. 1 902 1 1 7, New J\1ill 1 822PR Abertei:fi, Felin ne\\'Ydd 1 83 4map J.\Vood, New

Mill

(Corn) OS 1 89 1

Ffarm Nepwl

-(SN 1 73 -462)[ffarm + tn. Nepwl

(1 -a)]; [farma'nepul I . M�thias, �do:l'war(} 1 994 M. W. Jones

p. 3 3 5 ] Netpool Farm 1 83 9TJ\!f � Aberteifi, Netpool Farm O S 1 89 1 , Dol-werdd OS 1 904

Ffoshering -(SN

1 97-492) [ffos + E. sn. Herring] ; [ fo: s'heng,

r�kland L.

Williams]

Fros Herring 1 73 4 Bromvydd M �S, Ffoes Herring 1 73 4 Hav. EEW Foeshering OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffoesherring

MSS,

1 8 1 5PR Ferwig, Cossering (sic)

FfOs Herring 1 787sur tnap,

1 826PR Ferwig, Ffos-Herin

OS 1 8 3 4, Faesherring 1 83 2 R.K Dav/SOil, Ffos-herring 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifi, Ffoseri..� 1 840PR Ferwig, Ffoes Herin 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Rockland Farm 0Sc. 1 950, Rocklands OS 1 982 Judging from the earliest attestation above, this place ca..·"..not have been named after the Rev. Jor..n

Bethania (1-a) ( 1 8 1 1 -26), later Siloam (2-a) ( 1 826-32), who was a (Brees.) [ 1 947 R. Edwards: 29, 99] . However, a certai.lJ. Ricardus Hering [ 1 268 Long!eat MS 624] Richard Heryng was resident in Aberteifi (1-a) i.11. 1 3 0 1 -02 (ARC\V\V], and the place is likely to have been named after him or a member of his farr.i!y.

Herri.lJ.g ( 1 789-1 832), minister of native of Llansbyddyd ,

Ficrej

-(SN 1 80-462)[£. vicarage]; Vicarage OS 1 89 1

Foudrlas

-(SN 1 94-473)[y + beudr + glas] ;

5

(1) IS�COED Penfoidir-las 1 839T1.1S Aberteift, Foidir-las O S 1 8 9 1

Gat Pendre -(SN

1 79-463)[gat + tn. Pendre

(1-a)] ;

T. Gate OOS 1 8 1 4, Turnpike Gate at Pendre 1 83 1 PR Aberteifi, Pendre (Turnpike House) 1 83 2PR Aberteifi

College Row [inf D. Davies], its location can be discerned o n the 1 839Tl\1S; The tollgate house was Pensarnau bet. 1 83 6-43 [ 1 990 \V. J. Lewis: 1 26], see Gat Pensamau (1 -a). Gat Pensarnau -(SN (i)1 8 1 -464)[gat + tn. Pensarnau (1-b)] ; Near

removed to

The North Gate 1 870 TS 24/06/70, The North Turnpike Gate 1 88 6 TS 1 211 1 /86, North Gate Terrace (prox.) OS 1 89 1 , Northgate-Terrace 1 926 TS 1 6/07/26, The North (Pensarnau) Tollgate 1 990 W'.J.Lewis p. l 26, North Turnpike Gate 1 990 \V. J. Lewis p. 1 9, Pensamau Gate 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p. 1 26 i) SN 1 8 1 -464. Belov1 bet. 1 83 6--43

[ 1 990 w.

Grangetown [i,'1f D. Davies]. The tollgate house was removed from Gat Pendre ( 1-a) 1 26], destroyed during the Rebecca Riots in 1 843 [ 1 982 CER: 9.296] ;

J. Levvi.s:

"REMOV.A.L OF THE NORTH GATE -/ A petition to the Chairrrt.an of the County Roads Board for the removal of this gate from its present site to a position without the bounds of the borough has been in

[1 870 TS: 24/06170] . Northgate Terrace was b. on site of the old ropeworks of 1.1essrs. B. Humphreys [1 926 TS: 16/07126] . ii) SN 1 85-468. Afeudr HeP':.lfordd (1-c). On sw entrance of Afeudr HeP.:ffordd [inf D. Davies] ; abolished, and gates removed on 0 1 /04/ 1 889 [ 1 889 TS: 05/04/89; 1 990 w. J. Le-v·vis: 87] . Gat Rhydfuwch -(SN 1 89-459)[gat + tn. F..hydfi.nvch (1-a)]; [ �manar'a·v�n 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 1 3 , man� ' rav;ln I. Jones] active circulation during the past few days in the tov-m and neighbourhood,"

Rhydyfiwch Turnpike 1 83 9TI\1S A.berteifi, Cardigan East Gate 1 8 5 3 Plas Llangoedmor MSS , East Gate (T.P. ) OS 1 89 1 , Man-ar-afon OS 1 904, Eastgate Toll House 1 990 W.J. Lewis p. 87, Rhydyfhwch Gate 1 990 W.J. Lewis p. l26 Abolished on 0 1 104/1 889

Glanbran -(SN

[ 1 889 IS: 05/04/89] .

1 96-479)[tn. Glanbran (Llanfairoar�yobcyn, Canns.)] ;

Lan-bran O S 1 834, Lanbran 1 83 7PR Abertei:fi, Glan Bran 1 83 9TMS i\.berteift, Glan-bran OS 1 89 1 , Glan­ bran 0Sc. 1 95 0, Ael y Bryn OS 1 982 Its position seems to preclude it referring to a local brook named Bran, cf.

G!anllynnan

Glanbran (43-a).

-(SN 1 96-479)[glan + hn. Llynnan] ;

Glan Llynan, Plas Diffryn Llynan (prox.) 1 63 0 Nouadd MS S , Glan Llynan 1 787sur map, Lanllynan 1 82 1 PR Aberteift, Lan-llyr..an O S 1 834, Llan Llinan 1 83 8Tl\.1S Llangoedmor, Glan-llyr..an O S 1 89 1 , Gl..an Llynnan 0Sc. 1 950 The name Llynnan appears to be the older name of the river }vfwldan

Gopa

(d).

-(SN c. 1 79-47 8) [y + copa] ; Goppa > 1 774 Gogerddan J\1S S box D l , Coppa O S 1 834, Goppa 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi

Gors

-(SN 200-480)[y + cors] ; Gors 1 787sur map, Gors 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Gors O S 1 89 1

Gotrel-fach

-(SN 1 79-483 )[E. sn. Cotterell ? (+ bach)] ;

Gottrel fach >1 774 Gogerddan lV!SS box D l , Gotrel-flich OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-gwyn OS 1 904

Gotrel�fawr - (SN

1 76-479) [E. sn. Cotterell ? (+ mawr)] ;

Gottrel fawr,

(c)

[g :)trd L.

\Villiams]

Park y Gottrel > 1 774 Gogerddan MS S box D l , Gotrel OOS 1 8 1 4, Gotterel l 824PR

Ferwig, Goitrel 1 828PR Fenvig, Gotrel OS 1 834, Gottre 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Gottrel 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Gotrel Farm O S 1 982 This might be an English surr..ame, a

Sir Charles Cotterell (fl. l 663-78)

was norninated by James P}:lillips,

of the Priory, to contest the 1 663 parliamentary by-election of the Aberteift borough seat

[ 1 967 P. D. G. Thomas: 404; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 1 82] , and a John Cottrel lived in P..berjstwyth in 1 752 [ 1 902 G. E. Evans: 1 12]. More likely candidates to have given their name to this place are Jordan Cottrell, a witness of the grant to the Priory (1 -a) in 1 1 9 0 [1904 E. J:v!.. Pritchard: 44-45], or perlt.aps Fichard Coterel, a juror of t.lJ.e land of the bishop of St David in CardigaP...shire [ 1292 subsidy: 220] . The tn. Cotrel (ST 07-74, St Nicolas, Glams.), E . 2ffi�'k:ltrel, the earliest form of which i s Tyrecotere/ 1 373-74 appears t o b e a n identical name [ 1 968 Gw. 0. Pierce: 279-80], as does Cwm-y-Cotterell Wood (SO 41 -28, Kenderchurcr.., Here.), Cae-Cotrel (SO 1 5-27, Llangors, Brees.). Gw. 0. Pierce [ 1 968: 279-80] derives Cotrel from an E. sn. Cotterel(f), and he does fmd a Roger Cottre(l) in the neighbouring parishes c. l 3 20. He fmds the sn. Cotterel(l) to be a derivation of the \Vord that gave MF. cotier 'tenant of a small-holding' [DHLF s.v. coterie] , but the (apparently secondary) meaning • .

6

(1) IS-COED given to

Coterelli

in the twelfth century

[c. l l 94 Gir.DK: 220]

may be interesting: this was a term which was

given to mercenary troops during this period, they being also called

Dimock: 232].

Brabancenes

or

Routiers ( 1 868 J.

F.

Note that Brabant is a region adjoining Flanders in the Netherlands, and that the Flemish are

attested amongst the twelfth century conquerors of Ceredigion; see

Castel!fflemis

(33-b),

Bate! (2-a).

The

only difference between the Abertei:fi name and the Glamorganshire name, is the lenition of he initial

or Gotrel 1 600Y4; but usual for the former. The Glamorganshire or Kotrel 1 60 1 , Y Kotrel 1 600%, Y Kottrell 1 660-80. A the original element in the Aberteifi name was cote! (fn.) which

element, attested only once for the latter: name is usually unlenited:

The Cottrel

possible explanation of tl··js may be that was equated with the sn.

Cotterell,

1 596,

which must have been familiar around Aberteifi about 1 663, may have

Frampton Cotterel, is regarded as being connected to a faiPily­ Cote! [ 1 968 Gw. o. Pierce: 80] . If this supposition proves correct we have to equate Gotrel with the word cote!, attested in northern Wales: " Gottal" , an exiguous house in Llanegryn village (Mers.); "A small corner, so-called because it resembles a rectangular pin knovv'Il as a cattle or cottel. " [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 177]; cf (c) Llyn.;y-gotal (Borthwcn, LhvyngwrJ, Mcrs.) [inf SWDP]; Tyn-y-gotel (SJ 07-44, prox. Corw-cn, Mcrs.). Greenfield Row -(SN 1 76-462)[E.tn. Greenfield + E. row] ; [�gri:nfi:ld'row 1 994 M W. Jones p . 1 53 ] influenced it. A village in Gloucestershire,

name

Green Field Row 1 83 3 PR i�.berteifi, GreePJield Row 1 834map J.Wood, GlePJield Ro\v 1 834amap J. \Vood, Greenfield Row O S 1 982

A terrace. There also existed a Greerifield Square with some thirty-two households as opposed to the nine households of Greenfield Row [ 1 904 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/1 88]. Greenland -(SN 1 82-469)[E.ta Greenland] ; Greenland 1 826PR Aberteifi, Greenland OS 1 89 1 , Greenland Ivleadows (prox.) OS 1 982

Hengastell -(SN 1 65-464)[hen + castell] ; [z�'g astef- 1 994 J\1. \V. Jones p. 1 92, h e :n g astcl C. M Phillips, (c) pu:l�'kastcl (prox. ) M. G. JamesJ '

Old Fort 1 748map L.M:orris, Old Castle >1 774 Gogerddan lVISS box D l , Old Castle F. m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Old­ castle 1 828PR Aberteifi, Old Castle OS 1 834, Old Castle Farm OS 1 891 , Hen Gastell 1 926 TS 02/07/26, Hen Gastell l 96 8 Cardi vol.3 p. l 8, i'r 'En Gastell l 990 ATD n. 302-03 Refers to Castell (1-b). Hope -(SN 1 78 -462)[£. hope] ; [temprans'h;,:! (ii) D. Davies] Cardigan, English (Hope) c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p. 278, Hope Chapel 1 987 B. J.:Rawlins p. 5 1 , am Gapel yr Hope 1 989 TS 03/02/89, a Chapel yr Hope 1 989 R Jones p. 3 8 i) S N 1 78-460. b. 1 83�3 7

[ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474, c. l 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 278, 1 990 W. J. Levvis: 38; 1 991 TS: 10/12/91, 12/04/91 ] ; b. c. l 840 ( 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ]; i..'l. Heolfair on the location of the first Capelmair (1-a) [ 1990 W. J. Lewis: 38] . ii) S N 1 78-462. b. l 879- 80 [ 1 991 TS: 10/05/9 1 ] ; later became a Temperance Hall [1990 \V. J . Levii.s : 4 1 ] ; Then became a garage after 1 945 [inf. D. Davies] ; denom. I [ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474] ; dest. 1 976 [ 1 991 TS: 1 0/05/9 1 ] . An English branch of Capelmair [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ] . lnnisfree -(SN 20 1 -478) [E .tn. Inishfree (Co. Donegal, Ireland)] ; Innis:free OS 1 982

Lamb -(SN 1 79-460)[E. lamb] ; The Lamb 1 99 1 J\1. ap Dafydd p. l 3 " The Lamb . . . was a brewery run by the Church o f Saint Mary. The original building stood near the church entrance, but by today the pub of the same name is on the opposite side of the square. " [ 1 991 M. ap Da±ydd: 1 3-14]. The lamb is a religious symbol, viz. agnus Dei 'the lamb of God' [ 1 991 M. ap Da..tydd: 1 3] . Llwynhelyg -(SN 1 88-472)[llwyn + helyg] ; Llwynhelyg OS 1 982

Llwynpiod -(SN 1 77-476)[llwyn + y + pi:od] ; [zlujn'pjo:d 1 994 J\1. \V. Jones p. 343 , iujn'pij�d L. \Villiarr.s] Llwyn y Piod 1 666 Colby MS 69, Lloyne y Piod 1 7 1 5 C olby MS 72, Lhvyn y Pyod 1 726/27 Colby MS 70, Lh.:vyn Piod 1 802 :rvtF...ichardson :l\1S 204, Lhvynpiod 008 1 81 4, Lhvyn-y-piod 1 834map J.Wood, Lhvynpiod 1 836PR F erwig

Llyn-y-felin -(SN 1 80-470)(llyn + y + melin] ; [lm�'velm D . Davies] (c) Gwyrglodd Llyn y Velin als. Gvvyrglodd Mys Mead 1 726/27 Colby ]\!IS 70,

(c)

Gwirglodd Llynn y

Veli.11 als. Gwirglodd Mys Mead 1 744 Colby MS 75, Llynyfelyn 1 822PR Ferwig, Llyn-y-felin 1 83 0

in

1 947 REdwards p . 3 6, Ll:yn-y-felin OS 1 89 1 , Lower Stepaside als. Llynyfelin 1 9 1 9 John Francis MS S vo1.2 p . 98

7

(1) IS�COED This was probably the mill-pond that fed water to A1elin Aberteifi (1 -a); see Parc�y�reiffl (1-b), Step-seid (1 -a).

Maesglas -(SN 1 84-468)[maes + glas]; [£S'majs'gla:s 1 994 M. W. Jones p. l l 4] :Maesglas OS 1 982 A housing estate. The name may be inspired by nearby Greenland (1-a). Maes-y-meillion -(SN 1 98-483)[maes + y + meillion] ; Maesymeillion OS 1 982 Melin Aberteifi -(SN 1 77-463)[melin + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)]; [�'velm p. c. l\1 \V. Jones] Molend[ina] Aq[u]atica 1 280Ext. p. l l 3, Duorum 1\1olendinorum in Gardigan 1 304 JM.Rhys p. 80, J\1olendinorum de Cardigan 1 433 Orig.AC p.2 1 , (c) Parke yr Velin 1 666 Colby MS 69, 'lands called' Cand, 'land by' The Rape Mill ? 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd M�S, Cardigan Mill l 821PR Aberteift, The Mill 1 83 2PR Aberteifi, Grist M.i11 1 834map J.Wood, Cardigan Mill 1 91 9 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 98 There were two mills in 1 268 [ 1 991 R. l•-.. Griffit.l}s : 1 1 3] ; in the 1 270s there were at least tr..ree water rr>ills, but by the early fifteenth century there were only two, and on Speed's map orJy one is recorded [ 1 959 I. J. Sanders: 330]. Do the two medieval mills refer to this place and adjacent Tanerdy (1-a)?; at the bottom of Greenfield Row ( 1 -a) [inf D. Davies] . Mount Zion -(SN 1 78-461 )(Priory St.)[E. mount + Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Cardigan, (Zion) English c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 28 1 , l\1ount Zion 1 947 R Ed\vards p . 1 00 b. l 880 [1947 R. Edwards: 1 00]; b. 1 88 1 [c . 1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Trnner: 281 ] ; denom. Engl.B. 1\'lwldan -(SN 1 77-461)[hn. J\1wldan]; [E'$'i.T'muldan, _g�'muldan 1 994 M. \V. Jones p. l 81 , muldan 1 994 M. \V. Jones p. 1 53, .::1n,muldan'i·za, muldan'i·fa + ' i ·za D. Davies] (c) 'close called' Park l\1uldan, :Muldan Streat 1 56 1 Nouadd l\1SS, l\1wldan 1 826PR 1\.berteifi, l\1wldan Street 1 829PR Aberteifi, l\1wldan isaf a Netpwl, Mwldan ganoL Mwldan uchaf 1 830 in 1 947 R.Edwards p.3 5, Upper Mwldan 1 834PR Aberteift, J\1wldan uchaf, Mwldan St. 1 834map J.Wood, Upper ]\1wldan OS 1 982, Lower Mwlli�tl, Middle Mwldan 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 82, Y Mwldan 1 994 M W.Jones iv, Mwldan ucha' + ganol + isa' 1 994 M W.Jones iv This \vas the name of the original industrial and poor quarter of Aberteift, which hugged the 1\.;fw/dan nver. Myrtlehill �(SN 1 98�472)[E. myrtle + rill]; Myrtle Hill Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Myrtlehill Cottages OS 1 904 Na11t-y-Ferwig -(SN 1 69-481 ) [mmt + tn. Fenvig (2-a)]; Nant y Verwick 1 839PR Llandydoc}l..., Nanty Ferwig 1 839TMS �Aberteifi, Nant-y-ferwig OS 1 891 Nantgwyn -(SN 1 79-483)[nant + gwyn] � Nant-gwyn OS 1 904 Nepwl -(SN 1 72-46 1 ) [£. net + pool]; [nepul, �'netpul D. Davies, netpul M. W. Jones, £S'netpu:l 1 994 M. W. Jones p. l 99, netpul�'dre: (Llandydoch dialect) l\1. G. James, E'$'puia'rujdi 1 994 l\1. \71./. Jones p. 1 1 3, pui�'hrojde C. l\1. Phillips, p. c. .l\1. \V. Jones] Nettpole 1 280Ext. p. l l 2, Necpoles 1 3 00 in 1 936 M.Rhys p. 8 1 , Nepohis 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 MRhys p.203, Neppol 1 302--03rent n.2, Le Necpol 1 304 in 1 93 6 M.!?..hys p.298, 'terra' Netpollis, Nettepoil 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxii� Nitepolle 1 3 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. l O p. l 55, Nepool >1 774 Gogerddan l\1SS box D l , Nepwl 1 8 16PR Aberteill, Neppwl 1 8 1 9PR L!angoedtnor, Net-pool 1 822PR Aberteifi, Netpv.rl 1 830 in 1 947 R.Ed'vvards p.35, Net Pool OS 1 834, The Netpool l 907 E.Pritchard fac.p. l 6 1 , yn Netpool l 974 D.\V. Thomas p. l 08, Pwllrhwyd 1 976 Dl\1LL 1 There were bars (barrau) placed here to enable fishermen to leave their nets to dry [inf. D. Davies] ; S}lipbuilding was carried out here [1976 Dl\1LLI], and was at its height between 1 81 0--20 [ 1 972 CER: 7.62] ; pole'hvj:) here when ships \vere built, now filled up [inf. D. Davies]. The name Nepwl-y-dre was in contrast to YNep.11l (8 1 -a) in Llandydoch; cf Pwll-y-rhwyd (3-b). Neuaddwen -(SN 1 90-463)[neuadd + gwen] ; Neuaddwen O S 1 982 New1o\vn -(SN 1 86-467)[E. new + town]; New Tovln O S 1 891 This was physically a part of the town by 1 904 [os 1 904] . Oernant -(SN 1 95-475)[tP� Oernant (21-a)]; [ _g�jrnant 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 1 4] Oernant OS 1 982 8

(1) IS-COED }Jl emulated name brought by a farmer who moved from Oernant (2 1-a) to here in 1 948 (inf]. Pen-y-banc -(SN 1 77-485)[pen + y + bane]; Penybank 1 823PR Fenvig, Pen y Bane 1 83 1PR Fenvig, Pen-y-ban..l{ 1 839TJ\!T.S Aberteift, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 Pendre -(SN 1 78=462)[pen + y + tref]; [pen'dre: D . Davies] Pendre 1 700 Ty-Llwyd MSS, Pen y Dre 1 744 Colby MS 75, Pen y Dre, (c) Park Pen y Dre > 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Heol y Maen Llwyd als. Heolyvarne als. Pendree Street c. 1 775 Manordeifi J\1S S p.9, Pendre House 1 777 Ty-lhvyd J\1SS, Pendre 1 820PR Fenvig, Pendre isaf + uchaf 1 830 in 1 947 REdv,rards p . 3 5, Pendre OS 1 89 1 , Pendre Street 1 975 CER vol.7 p.204, 'known to some as' Heolmaenllwyd 'the cobbled street' 1 990 \V.J.Lewis p. 87 This was origi1 774 Gogerddan J\1SS box D 1 , Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 14, Pen-lan OS 1 834 Pilau -(SN 1 95-496)[piliau]; [pile L.\Villiams] Pille OOS1 8 1 4, Pilleu 1 822PR Ferwig, Pille 1 829PR Ferwig, Pil-au OS1 834, Pyle 1 83 1PR Ferwig, Pille 1 832map R K.Dawson, Pil-le 1 837PR Aberteift, Piliau 1 860 AC p. 61, Piliau OS 1 891 The lack ofjod is in contrast to Afonpiliau (an alias of Brouan, d) wbich lies some oPJy 4k..1Jl to the s. The explanation for the difference appears to be that a jodless dialect has been superseded by an expanding jod dialect in the early �1odem period, cf Rhos-y-moelaid (81-a), Trebaneinon (81-a); see sub Pil-bach (18a).

Pontcleifon -(SN 1 81 -461)[pont + y + cleifion]; [ES'p:mt�'klejvj:m 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 13] Pen Pont y FJivion 1 574 Nouadd J\1SS, Pont Kyron 1 760map E.Bowen, (c) Pontyclifon 1 802 MRichardson MSS, Pontydeifon 1 82 1PR Aberteifi, Pontclivon 1 825PR Llandydoch, Pont y Cleivon 1 833 burg. list, Pont y Cleifon 1 834amap J.Wood, Pont Cleivon 1 836burg.list, Pont y Cleifion OS 1 891 , Pontycleifon 1 900 TS 06/04/00, Pontycleifon 1 92 1 TS 1 4/1 0/21 'A carucate of land adjoining, used as a refugium' [>1 1 97(1424) CalPatR in 1904 E. Pritchard: 1 04] ; "Territorium leprosorum" in the liberties of Cardigan [ 1 574 Nouadd �.1SS] . Poorhouse -(SN 1 78-464)[E. poorhouse]; [sbt�r'haws D. Davies] a Poor-house 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, Poor House Cardigan 1 820PR Aberteift, Poor House 1 834map J.Wood, (pn.) Dafi'r Gof Poorhouse 1 921 TS 1 4/1 0/2 1 , (pn.) Dafis Gof Poorhouse 1 990 W.J.Lewis p.72, The Poor Houses 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. l 9, Theatr 1\Awldan in£ b. 1 773 as a jaiL after the building of the new jail in 1 793-97 became a poorhouse or a workhouse [ 1 808 s . R . Meyrick: 82; 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan; 1 968 A. E. Davies: 1 3-1 4] . "It seems that the gaol and the house of correction were h'1 the same building and that the functions of the two h"'1Stitutions had not been defmed in the eighteenth century. " [ 1 968 A E. Davies: 1 3-1 4] . It was refurbished as a slaughterhouse [ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 82] , probably following the opening of the Poor Law Union ,;�.;ork.h.ouse at Llandydoch in 1 83 9-40 (see Y Wyrcos, 80-a) ; it has recently been refurbished as a theatre [i.'lf]. Priory �(SN 1 8 1 -460)[E. priory]; [pri'�rdi p. c. 1'.1. V.f. Jones] Prioratum de Cardigan 1 1 59-8 1 papal document in 1 904 E. Pritchard p. 1 50, (pn.) Prior de Cardigan 1 280Ext. p. l l 3, The Colledg 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, The Priory 1 683 Ty-llwyd MSS, Cardigan Priory 1685/86 Ed\x.rinsford M�S, Priory of Cardigan 1 803 Derry Ormond M�S, Priory OOS1 81 4, The Priory 1 829PR A.berystvvyth, Priory 1 834amap J.\Vood, o'r Priordy 1 869 B.\Villiams p. 1 90, The Priory, site of OS 1 89 1 , Priordy i�..berteifi, Y Priordy 1 968 Cardi vol3 p. l 8, Hospl OS1 982, Cardigan and District Memorial Hospital 1 983 TS 1 1102/83 The Priory is first referred to in 1 165 [ 1 991 R A Griffiths: 1 03], and was a cell to the Benedictine abbey of Saint Peter, Chertsey. W. J. Le,\ris [ 1 990: 7] believes it was almost certainly established about 1 1 1 1 , with the first comiP.g of the A..nglo-French; though S. Cunnane [ 1 982 CER: 9.295] thinks the most likely founder to have been Roger de Clare in the period 1 1 58-65. In 1 53 7 the priory was transferred to Royal Abbey, Bisham, which was dissolved in 1 53 8 [ 1 990 w. J. Le\.vis: 7]. It became The Cardigan and District A/femorial 9

(1) IS-COED Hospital

in 1 922, and continued so as part of the NHS in 1 948

[ 1 983 TS 1 1/02/83] . The hospital (1 808: 170] stood at

overwhehned the site of the old rnansion, which, according to S. R Meyrick eastern end of the Church.

I

has the

do not know what change was entailed by the building of a new mansion

"..A.n elegant fabric was erected on the site of the old ruins of the Priory, about eight years [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan]; described as "an elegant villa" [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 328] . E. R. Horsfall-Turner [ c. l 902: 1 79] notes t}"l.at Yr Hen Ardd in the cemetery of Sai.'1t J\1ary, from the path to the about 1 800:

ago [ 1 803 ] . "

porch, seemed to show the site of the priory (this seemingly implies that the prior; was not the same site as the rnansion c. l 900).

Pritsierd-fach -(SN 1 68-473) [ ? (+ bach)] ; Y Pichert c. 1 600 Egerton l\1S 2, 586 p. 75, Bridget fach 1 748tnap L.J\1orris, Bridget vach 1 752 Bromvydd

l\1S S, Pitchert 1 808 S.Rl\.1eyrick p. 1 73, Pritchard fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Pritchard�fach OS 1 834, Bridget fach 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Pitsiert 1 869 B.\Villiarr1s p. 84, Pritchard-tach O S 1 89 1 , Br;n�y=mor OS 1 904, Bryn= y-mor OS 1 982

It

is tempting to derive tbis place-P..ame from the beacbing of a ship name Bridget, for a feminine name of

Charming Afolly of Aberteifi [ 1 767 Bromvydd �.188]. The Welsh forms of Bridget are evidenced Britchert in northern Cardiganshire [1669 H. H. Hughes J\18S], and Bridgard (L!anbedr Pontsteffan) [1778 i.•1 1 905 G. E. Evans: 25 ], Brichard (tl 829, Cei-ne"vydd) [1 986 CER: 1 0.325]. The unvoicing of Britsie(r)d � *Pritsie(r)d is not otherwise attested, but is unsurprising (and perhaps in this case i.'1fluenced by the sn. Pritchard). However the attestation of the name as early as c. 1 600, without the initial (of which the a vesseL cf \Vith

form of 1 80 8 is doubtlessly derived) makes me believe that this name is derived from an English term similar to pitcher 'iron bar used to make holes' [GPC

P\v!lhae �(SN

1 78-460)(pwll + E. sn. Hay ? ] ;

Femystrete

1 268 Longleat 1.1S

[.!6pL-i'aj

s.v. pitsiar] .

1 994 1\A. W. Jones p. l 1 4,

624, 'Fenny Street'

1 268

pu:i'haj

D. Davies]

in 1 99 1 R.A. Griffiths p. l l 2,

[L] uteis

Vennystretes ? 1 300 in 1 983 CER vol. 9 p.336, Le Pool Hay 1 598/99 M.Richardson MSS p. 3 3 1 , Pole Hay 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, Poul Haye 1 626 Cross\vood 1\t!S S, Pool Hai 1 63 5 M ..Richardson MSS p. 332,

Poole Hay 1 6 53 Coedmor lVlS 1 30, 'upper end' Pool-hay 1 700 Ty-lhvyd 1\tiSS, (c) Park Pwll Hay 1 767 Coedmor l\1S 523 , Pwllhaidd als. Pwllhay 1 77 1 Nantgvvyllt }..1SS 2/260, Pwll Hai 1 83 0 in 1 947 R.EdvJards p. 3 5 , Pwllhay 1 83 0PR A.berteifi, Pwllhai 1 83 3PR Abertedi, Pwllhaidd 1 83 4map J.\Vood,

Pwllhai Street 1 83 7PR Aberteift, Pwllau c. 1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Turner p. 1 72, Pwllhai OS 1 904, ym Mhwll Hai 1 97 1 M.E.James p.23 The medieval

Pwllhae

'Venny Street'

( (-- E.

fenny

'dirty. muddy, ro..arshy') may refer to

lvfwldan

or to

Pwllhae.

named after " . . . a large pool of water, serving to a considerable extent as a defensive moat

[1 990 \V. J. Leviis: 5] . The English surr.ame is attested in the persons of William in 1 1 3 6 [ 1 952 T. Jones: 176] , and Johem de !a Hey who lived at Aberyst'.vyth in 1 3 06 (Ext : I 07] . One of these, or a relation, might well have given their surname to this place (the surname - ill all likelihood - origi.rmlly derives from the borough of Hay (Brees.) [DES: 222]). The surname was still fou..fld in the 1 840s in Newcastle Emlyn (Carms.) in the person of Nancy Hay, or in Welsh Hai [ 1 905 E. Davies: 65] . Another possibility is that hae represents the common-noun hay 'an enclosed plot of land', as found in The Hays (Cardiff, Glaros.) [ 1 926 D. R. Paterson: 26, 40]. Note the local realisation of .�.P>.vllclai (55-a) - the similarity of which is most likely only coincidental. Rhos-fach -(SN 1 68 -472)[rhos + bach] ; [ .!6ro:s ' va : x 1 994 M W. Jones p. 1 1 4] outside the eastern wall. "

fitz Hai,

who fought the Welsh at Aberteifi

Rhos 1 833PR Aberteifi, R.l-tos Trebared, Rhos Trebared 1 83 9Tl\1S Aberteifi, Rhos-:ffich O S 1 891

Rhos�isa �(SN

1 8 1 -467)[rhos + isaf];

Rhos isaf 1 83 9TMS 1-i._berteifi. Rhos ucha (prox. ) 1 990 \V.J. Lewis p. l 5 This seems t o refer to the lower part of .l?hos Tre Aberteifi (1-b). Rhydfuwch -(SN 1 92-460)[rhyd + y + buwch] ; [�ri:d�'VIWX 1 994 M W. Jones p. l l 3] R..lteed Vuch 1 760map E.Bowen, R..lJ.yd-y-f)wch 1 8 1 6PR A.berteifi, Rhyd-y-flJwch O S 1 834, Rhydyfwich 1 83 8Th1S Llangoedmor, Rhyd'y-fiwch 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi

Saint Mary -(SN 1 80-460)(E. sai.t1t

+ f pn. Mary];

[a'reglus, sent'm�ri:s

p. c. M. W. Jones,

sejnt'meriz

D.

Davies]

(ec)

Cardigan 1 1 1 5-3 0 in 1 946b J.C.Davies p.249, (ec) Sancte Marie de Cardygan > 1 1 95 ( 1 424) CalPatR

p.258, Sancte l\1arie de Cardigan > 1 1 95( 1 424) CalPR p. 522, S. Mar; 1 6 1 Omap J. Speed, St.Mar; 1 76 1 Bronv\-ydd MSS, Saint J\1arjs O S 1 834, EghV'JS Fair Aberteifi 1 974 D.\lf. Thomas p. l l 5, EghV'JS Santes Fair Forwyn 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 8,

(c) Pwll y Gloch

(SN 1 80-459) 1 990 W. J. Lewis pp.63, 8 1

10

(1) IS-COED Dedicated to Mar; [ 1 808 S. R. J\1eyrick: 1 73, 1 833 1 1 65 [ 1 991 R A Griffiths : 1 03] . W.

J.

Saint Mary

s. Le\vis (1 850 edn): 1 . 1 62] . First reference to Saint A1ary in

was the parish church since at least the thirteenth century [ 1 990

Lewis : 8] ; see Heolfair (1-c). S. R Meyrick said [ 1 808: 1 76] that Welsh

Aberteifi,

l-vfaethaearn

saint1vfa ethaearn v.;as buried at [1 3thcent.(l502-

seems to be a garbled from of 1'v1arthaenm found in Cogn. Brych.an

55): 1 8] on \vhich P. C. Bartrum [ 1 966: 1 3 1 ] says "seems to be fictitious", possibly to be read "Merthyr

Rhun in Cyfeiliog". \\'hatever source S . R �1eyrick had, rnay \vel! have misunderstood an original

Cardigan

as the tovvn of Aberteifi rather than the countr;

329] ; reb. l 703

[ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 329] ;

Ceredigion.

Church b. 1 63 9 [ 1 8 1 3

G.

Nicholson:

tower fell in 1 705, partly reb. l 7l l (or 1 71 2), fLnished by 1 748 [ 1 81 3

G . Nicholson: 329; c. l 902 E . R . Horsfall-TtL111er: 1 79, 1 990 W . J . Lewis: 8]; reb. 1 702-03 [ 1 808 S. R . Meyrick: 1 73 ] . Siael Aberteifi -(SN (ii)l 78-463)[siael + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)] ; [�'bkap (i), Ja:!�'dre: (iii) D. Davies] The Gaol als. Penitentiary-House 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, The Jail 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson

p.327,

Cardigan Gaol 1 824PR Aberteifi, Old Gaol (i), Jail (iii) 1 834w..ap J.Wood, Old Jail (i) Jail (iii) 1 83 4arrm.p J.Wood, Jel Aberteifi (Ysgubor-y-coed dialect) 1 800Yz

in

1 98 1 Papur Pawb n. 67, Cardigan Gaol 1 860 i...11

1 9 1 6 TS 30/06/1 6, The Lockup (i) 1 895 TS 20/09/95, Jal Aberteifi (Llandysul dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p.237, The Cardigan County Gaol

(iii) 1 898 TS 2 1 /1 0/98, Loc Ip

(i) (Glynharthen dialect) 1 9 1 1 Cymru

vol.43 p . 25, Lock Up (i) 1 983 TS 1 4/01 /83 i) SN 1 77�46 1 . on site of

Woolworth

L"'l existence, perhaps, by 1 650 [ 1 990 \V. J. Lewis

[ 1 983 TS 1 4/0 1 183 ] ;

p.27 ] .

ii)

S N 1 78-464. O n site o f Poorhouse ( 1 -a). b. 1 773 .

iii) SN 1 78-463. On site of present-day Belmont,

Stanley House, Bingham House

[ 1 898 TS 21/10/98] .

b. 1 793-97 [ 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 8 1 , 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. C ardigan; 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 327; 1 968 A E. Davies : 14; 1 990 Lev,ris: 27]; it had a chapel [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan] ; dest. 1 885, used to fill 1 4/0 1 /83 ; 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 28], cf

Sir-hru -(SN

1 77-459)[E. shirehall] ;

Pensarnau (1-b). [ RS'Ji:r'ha:l (Cei-newydd)

Pwll Pensamau

W. J.

[ 1 983 TS

1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 608]

The TO\vn Hall 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, To\\'Il Hall 1 83 4w.ap J.Wood, The Shire Hall 1 900 TS 20/04/00, Shir Hal (Glynharthen dialect) 1 9 1 1 Cymru vo1. 4 1 p. l l 6, Shire Hall 1 934a J.J.Gl.Davies p. 608, Old Shire Hall 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p . 64, The S l1ire Hall, 'then called' The Tovm HalL 'or on occasion' The Guild Hall 1 990 W. J.Lewis p. l 4

Abertei;fi

was recognised a s the 'county town' o f Cardiganshire [ 1 81 1 N . Carlisle s.v. Cardigan] . A town hall

was noted as far back as 1 69 1 [ 1 907 E. R. Pritchard: 201 ] . The old shire hall was built near the space where formerly stood the market cross [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 1 73 ] , reb. l 763-64, assizes held here until 1 889 [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan; 1 990

W. J.

Lewis: 1 7] , the shop

Vernon Smith

now occupies this building [inf. D.

Davies] . In 1 85 7--60 the Sir-hal was removed to the site of Ysgolrad (1 -a); cf [ 1 734 Bronwydd MSS] ; tn.

Siral

(SN 26-38, Cenarfr.., Canns.),

Tyr y Shirhall

(Mcrs.) near the shire hall stood Tanrhol [ 1 968 R. T. Jenki.."lS : 77] . Spring Garden -(SN 1 8 8-47 1 ) [E. spring + garden] ;

Shyr liall vach (unloc., Fenvig)

[ 1 592 M.Richardson MSS: 4 1 9] ; in Bala

Spring Garden OS 1 904. Upper Spring Gardens, Lower Spring Gardens 1 990 \N.J.Lewis p . 89 b. bet. 1 89 1 - 1 904 (OS1 89 1 ; OS1 904) .

Step-seid -(SN

1 78-472)[E. step + aside] ;

[step'sajd

T. S. Morris]

Stepaside 1 76 1 Bromvydd MSS , Stepside 1 8 1 4PR Aberteifi, Topside 1 827PR Aberteifi, Tap Side OS 1 834, Tape Side 1 83 3 PR Ferwig, Step-aside 1 83 9TJVIS Aberteifi, Stepside Farm + Cottage O S 1 891 See Llyn-y-felin ( 1 -a), cf

Tabemaci -(SN

Staylittle (74-a).

1 78-462) [tabernacl] ;

Aberteivi (Tabemacl) c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p.277, Ch OS 1 982, Y Tabernacl l 989 TS 03/02/89 b. l 760 [ 1 85 1 Rel.cens. : 474; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 990 W.

J. Lewis: 32; 1 983 D. Jenkins: 1 3 ] ; reb. 1 776, J. Le\vis: 32]; b. 1 807, ren. 1 864 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 50]; denom. ClVl. Tanerdy -(SN 1 77�462) [tanerdy] ; [a.T tan'erdi, �tan'erdi, d�jlan'erdi (desc.), E. ��·tan�z D. Davies, E . tan;Jri p . c . M. W. Jones] reb. l 83 2 [ 1 990 W.

The Tanhowse 1 584/8 5 Nouadd MSS, The Cardigan Tanyard 1 873 TS 1 1/07/73 , Tannery (disused) OS 1 890 in 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p. 88, Tanyard als. The Tannery 1 904 Nantgwyllt MS S 2/1 88 Near ��1elin Aberteifi ( 1 -a) [ 1 990 \V.

Tegfryn -(SN

J. Lewis: 82] ; see Pont-y-fH'CH!Y ( l�b).

1 76- 475)[teg + bryn] ;

Tegfryn OS 1 982

Trebared -(SN

1 74-475)[tir + y + E. sn. Barrett]; [tre'bared L.\Villiams, D. Davies]

11

(1) IS-COED (c) Pellen y Bared ? 1 5 7 1 /72 Kyle J\.18 8, (c) Perllen y Barret (prox. , outside town walls) ? 1 5 80/8 1 Kyle M-.S S, Tyr Barrat 1 61 4 Crosswood MSS, (c) Berllan y Barrett ? 1 666 Colby MS 69, (c) Park Berllan y Barrett ? 1 7 1 5 Colby MS 72, Tir Barred > 1 774 Gogerddan MS8 box D 1 , (c) Park Berllan Barret ? c. 1 775 "Manordeifi MSS p. 9, Tyrybaret 'in town of Cardigan' 1 78 1 Ty-lhV';d MS S , Tre Barred 008 1 8 1 4, Tre­ bared OS 1 834, Trebared 1 832PR Llandyg'-\'Y

Tregibi ( 1-a). Named, doubtlessly after the family attested Heylot Baret, Ricardus Baret [1 268 Longleat 1'.1S 624] , Johanes Baret [ 1 328�29 in Suppl.AC: clxxii] ; John Baret [ 1 395196 Nouadd MSS: 1 . 67] , citizen(s) of Aberteifi; "Barrett was a well-known name Lll the south of the county [of Pembrokeshire] . " [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 82] ; cf Cwmbared (1-a); lm. Barred (SN 98-86, I\1onts.) [ 1 9 85 G. G. Evans: 82] . Trecyfft -(SN 1 93-465)[tir + y + E. sn. *Kyft] ; [tre'kift D. Davies] The term tir was reanalysed as tref by 1 8 1 4, cf in the person(s) ofAda Baret,

Tir y Cifft > 1 774 Gogerddan M88 box D 1 , Tyrykiffe 1 803 Derry Ormond MS8, Trecift 008 1 8 1 4, Trecift 0 8 1 834, Tregifft (Tregrifft) 1 86 8 B .Williams p. 24 1 , Tre-cift O S 1 89 1 , Tre-cifft 08c. 1 95 0 The term

tir

vva s reanalysed a s

tref b y

1 8 1 4, c f

Tregibi ( 1 -a).

The othenvise obscure term c;jft has

nothing to do with cy.ff 'tree-stump', but is derived from a surname the thL.rteenth century [ 1 268 Longleat :tv1S

624].

Walterus Kyft

attested in Aberteifi in

The surr1a.1ne, \vhich is lL.\:ely to have been English, is not

otherwise knovm.

Tregibi -(SN 1 82-473) [tir + y + E. sn. Gibby] ; [tre'gibi L. Williaw..s] Terr u Gybby 1 59 1 Nouadd MS S, Tir y Giby 1 602 G. Owen vol. 4 p. 475, Tyr y Gyby 1 632 Nouadd MS S, Cibbiland 1 63 3 Ty-llwyd �.1SS, Gibiland 1 63 5 Bronwydd J\.1SS, Tir y Gibby 1 643 Nouadd MS8 , Tregibbye c. 1 647 Picton Castle J\.18 8, Tregibbie 1 653PR Aberteifi, Gibbiland 1 653 Coedmor J\1S 1 30, Tregibby 1 65 3 in \VGaz. 1 902 1 1 7, Terragibby 1 657/58 Crosswood J\.188, Tirgibby 1 666 Hav.EE\V MS 8, Tregibby c. 1 700 in 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p.475, Tir Gibbie 1 7 1 6 Ty-lhvyd MS S, Tregibby 1 760CF, Tregibi >1 774 Gogerddan M.S S box D 1 , Tregibby als. Gibby 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, Tregiby 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Tregiby OOS 1 8 1 4, Tregiby 1 83 4PR Aberteifi, Tre Gybi 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Tre-giby 0 8 1 89 1 , Tregibby Farm O S 1 982 The term tir was reanalysed as tref by the n1id seventeenth centur;, cf

Trebared (1-a), Trecy.fft (1-a). R A. [ 1 972: 419, 421-22, 424] John Gyby and Philip Gyby as reeves of Aberteifi in 1 3 76. T. J. & P. l\1organ [1985: 76] are undubitably VvTong to attribute this place-rill-me to the Welsh saint Cybi. Trwynra!lt -(SN 1 73 -480) [tnvyn + yr + alit] ; [trujn�r'aH L. Williams] Griffiths notes

Trwyn yr Alit 1 779 Bronwydd MSS, Trwinirallt 1 78 8 Bronwydd MSS, Trwyn�'r�allt OS 1 8 3 4, Tnvyn-yr }Jlt 1 839TM8 Aberteif� To-yr-allt (sic) 08 1 89 1 , Trv.yn�J-T-allt O S 1 904 \Vith this name the local topography makes it clear that alit refers to a

'hill', and not to a 'wood'.

Ty-hagr -(8N (ii)l 98-470) [ty + hagr] ; Tythyn Hen Hagv.')'f ? 1 63 0 Nouadd 1\tf --SS, from Dd\\'Y Hagar House 1 7 1 6 Ty-!hvyd �ASS , Tyhagar c. 1 800map Crugmor, Tyhagar 1 83 5PR Llangoedmor, Ty Hagard, Ty Hagar 1 838TJ\.1S Llangoedmor, Ty-hagar 1 83 9Th18 Aberteifl, Ty-hagar 0 8 1 89 1 , Glantegfan 08 1 982 i) 8N 200-467. c. 1 800, 1 834. ii) SN 1 98-470. c. l 800, 1 89 1 .

Ty-hen -(SN 1 92-489) [ty + hen]; Ty Hen 1 609/ 1 0 "'1\'"berglasney �AS 87, Ty Hen 1 787sur rnap, Tyhir (sic) OOS 1 8 1 4, Ty-hen O S 1 834, Ty­ hen 08c. 1 95 0

Ty'riet(i) - ( S N 1 99-479)(Glanllynnan)[tY + y r + iet] ; [ .esti:r'jet 1 994 M . W. Jones p. l l 4] Ty'r Yet 1 83 6PR Ferwig, Tre-iet 08 1 89 1 , Ty'r-iet OS 1 904

Ty'riet(ii) -(SN 2 0 1 -47 1 )(Banc-y-warin) [ty + yr + iet]; Tyryet c. 1 800map Crugmor

Ty-newydd -(8N 1 88-472)[tY + newydd] ; Ty newydd > 1 774 Gogerddan lVISS box D 1 , Tynewydd 1 825PR Fenvig, Ty-nev.'Ydd 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Ty-ne\\'Ydd OS 1 89 1 , Tyne\\'Ydd Capel 1 9 1 9 John Francis �1S8 vo1.2 p. 98

Ty=rhos -(SN 1 93-492)[tY + yr + rhos] ; Ty Rhos cott 1 787sur map, Ty�rhos 08 1 89 1

Warin-isa -(SN 202-476)[y + gwarin ( + isaf)] ; Warring 1 820PR Ferwig, \Varren OS 1 834, Warren-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Warren Farm OS 1 982 Cf

Warin-ucha (3-a).

12

( 1 ) IS-COED Ysgol Aberteifi -(SN (iii)1 8 0�462)[ysgol + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)] ; [W. ISk:ll'm:lrgans, E. 1 1 97(1 424) CalPR p. 258, (ec) Sancti Petroci de Bern,yk 'cum capellis suis' > 1 1 97( 1 428) Ca1PR p. 522, Bere\,yye 1 268 Longleat MS 624, (ec) Berwic > 1 27 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Benvik 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Berewick 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.273 , Ben,yyk 1 406 ERSt�David p. 346, Sancti Petroci de Berwyke 1 428 in 1 904 E.Pritchard p. 1 47, Y Venvic ±1. 1 470 DafNantmor p. 1 5, Sci Petroci de Verwicke 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Verwicke 1 5 1 7 ERSt-David p. 826, Varwyke, Berwike 1 53 5 VE p. 393, 'rectoria' Barvvyke 1 53 7-3 8 in 1 894 E. Owen p. 45, Verwike 1 5 5 3 Nouadd MS S, Ven.vig

Y Ferwic c. 1 566EPC, Venvick 1 574 Bronwydd l\1SS, Vervvyk 1 585/86 Y Fenvig c. l 600 L.Dvvtln vol. l p. 62, Barwicke als. Benvigge 1 609 in 1 904 E.MPritch.ard p. 9 1 , Wenvick 1 676 F . C.Winchester (Hove) MS S , o Venvig 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Y Fenvic c. 1 757 L.Morris p. l 77, Werwick 1 765rnap E.Bowen et a/. , Vonvick 1 766 Trant 1\lf ..S S p. 7, Venvick als. Berwick 1 5 5 8 in 1 93 7 E.A.Lewis,

Nouadd MSS ,

1 776 CD, of Verwig 1 778PR Llandydoch, Plvvyv y Venvig 1 799EPC, Fenvic 1 803map J. Singer, Venvic 1 808 S .RJ\.1eyrick p.205, Ferwig 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Ferwig, Verwig OOS 1 8 1 4, Venvick Village 1 829PR Ferwig, Verwig 05 1 83 4, Verwig I 83 8TMS, Verwic

(Y Ferwig)

1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2

p.41 8, Verwick, St. Petrog's Ch. (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ferwig 1 966 D . I. Jones p . 77

Ferwig's name must be compared to : Berwig (SS 54-98, Llanelli, Carms.), 'manor' Vwrwig [ 1 55 1 Coleman lvt:S 1 78); 1\./faynor Vorwick [ 1 552 Coleman MS 1 79] , Y Ferwig [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 89) ; Y Berwig (filinera, Flints.) [ 1 93 8 R . J . Thomas: 1 89]; Ystrad Barl•;ig (ST 07=84, Llantwit Faerdre, Glams.); ...T?.hydfenvig ( 1 9-a), which he thought referred to a lm. Benvig. On all these names R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 89] questions ".Ai'r Saesneg bere1-vick 'barley-wick, grange' a geir . . . hwyrach n1ai Cymraeg yv.; rhai ohonynt o ran tarddiad (? � ber, ffurf fenywaidd byr, + gwig 'coed', neu'r enw berw 'geinv', + -ig). " A writer in AC [ 1 860: 58] also suggested 'the short cove' - with the uncomn10n element gwdg 'creek') as Ferwig's meaning (but it does not suit Fenvig \Vhich lies 2km from the nearest coastline, and could not be applied at all to Rlzydferwig (1 9�a) or any names away from the sea). Tl-is place was formerly famous for growing barley, whence the name [inf ] . 1\1any of these places (including this

Fenvig)

were i n areas that fell early under Anglo-French dornination,

and it is likely that the origin of these names are the same as the common English topony'ffiS Benvick. The lePition of the name ( which

is

attested i..r1 this name i..11 the late frfteenth century) is probably due to

equation of -wick with the feminine noun W.

gwig 'wood',

as well as to the feminine sound of Ber-. There

is

some variation in the name of the patron-saint, who is either: 1 ) Saint Peter (\V. Pedr) (see supra th > 1 1 97), cf B1ynpedr (2-a), Melinbedr (2-a); or 2) Pedrog (see supra 1 2 cent. , 1 428, 1 5 1 3) ; the poet

Pedroc in connection with Tywyn (2-a), as does Levvys Glyncothi of 'Pedrog Llan Dyvrrog which parish is in not far from Ferwig. P. 6

Dafydd Nantmor [fl.1 470: 1 7] mentions [fl. l 485c: 2 1 6; f1. 1 485d: 1 95 ] who talks

Riain [ 1 994: 3 95] demonstrates convi..11cingly that the two names can be reconciled: " The saint's name derives from

*Petracus,

a local variant of Petnts (from Petr,

Pedr)

'Peter' v.rith dimi.."tJutive suffix. . . . This

means in effect that we are dealing once more with an original cult of St. Peter. In Cornwall, for instance, 'S. Pedyr's \Veil' and a 'chapel dedicated to St Pedyr' were located on lat1ds belonging to St Petroc's monastery. Similarly, in the Martyrology of Tallaght under 4 June, Pedrog's day, mention is made of a certain 'Peter'. " The equation of Pedrog to

Pedr is

feasible, though it must be said that it seerns to be the

Pedran (see Llodre-Pedran, e) , viz. Pereg and Peran [ 1 909 J. Loth: 284]) .

only Latin personal-name to which Brittonic suffixes were added, cf. pn. (Breto n also has eY.act cognates to these v.vo personal-names,

However any scepticism due to the scarcity o f Celtic suffixes appended to Latin personal-names may be dispelled

if we

Per) is one of the few names of Latin origin in Brittonic that is A1aria, and Paul � L. Paulus the latter having given Llanbeulan Pedrog ab Clement Cernyw by S . R �v1eyrick [ 1 808: 205], and, indeed, Saint

remember that

monosyllabic, others are A1air (Angl.). He is specified as

Pedr �

(B.

L.

�

Petroc of Padstow was one of the most celebrated Cornish saints, whose feast-day was on the fourth of June [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 394] . In Wales he is also commemorated at Llanbedrog (Caems.) and at Saint Petrox (Pembs.); see 1 868 B. Williams p. 1 1 0. The church reb. l 85 3 , on the site of a previous erection which bore the date 1 627 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner p . l 47] . Comprising: 1 ) Gamwen, 2) Glandv.T, 3) Heoleglv'vys, 4) Maencoch, 5) Siloa.'ll, 6) Tanerdy, 7) Ysgol Ferwig.

Ffynnonbedr -(SN 233 -496)[ffyi1non + pn.

Pedr] ;

Treneved-bella ? 1 778 Ty-llwyd MS S, Treferedd bella ? 1 794PR Tremain, Peterwell OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnon Pedr O S 1 834, Treveredd-bellaf 1 83 8TI/I:S

As this was in Tremain parish, it is probably not connected to the dedication of (�/. Pedr). LL1J'ter the abandon.'Tient of this site in the ni.'l.eteenth century, its alias Treferedd-bella was given to a new building built in the nineteenth century, see sub Treferedd-bella (2-a).

Inexistent (OS1 89 1] .

Fenvig

parish church to Saint Peter

22

(2) IS�COED Ffynnoncyff -(SN 1 94-5 05)(ffynnon + y + cyft] ; [f�n:m'ki:f, f�n�:o'ki:f L. Willian1s] Ffynnon Gyff >l 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Fi'Jnnon Cyff 1 787sur map, Ffynon Kyf c. l 795 Coedmor �/IS 546, Fynnawn Cyff 1 803map J. Singer, Ffynnoncieff OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnoncyff 1 824PR Ferwig, Ffynnon-cyff O S 1 834, Ffyr1non-c5rff OS 1 904 The burden of cy.ff 'tree-stump' is not particularly clear to me in this place, but for the theory of land cleared of trees for reasons other than to aid agriculture, see Bryncipyll (38-a). The explanation given by a writer in AC [ 1 860: 61 ] that Ffynnonc}ffmeant 'a redundant, or stock well', is worthy of consideration, cf the common E.tn Stockwell (Surrey, Heres., Gloucs.) composed v.rith OE. stocc 'tree-stump' [ 1 956 EPNE: 2 . 1 56] . I suppose the idea of 'redundant' depends on a figurative equation of a tree-stump with the concept of 'remains'. For the Surrey Stoc/nvel!, however, E. Ekwall [ 1 960 ODEPN: 444] gives a rather - on the face of it - complicated meaning: 'stream with a foot-bridge consisting of a tree-trunk'. It seems simpler to understand trJs place-name as 'the well of the tree-stump'; cf Cyffionos ( 1 8-a), Llannerchcyffion (78-b), Ffjmnon-y-cyjj(Flints.) [ 1 99 3 K. Ll. GruflYdd: 1 5 ] . Ffynnongarreg -(SN 226-508)[ffynnon + y + carreg] ; Ffynnon Garreg cot.e 1 83 8Tl\.1S Ffynnongrog -(SN 201 - 5 1 3)[ffyn..'lon + y + crog] ; [f�n�n'gro:g, fm�u'gro:g L. \Villiams] Ffymton y Grog 1 725 Lucas MS 4,2 1 6, Ffynon y Groge c. l 795 Coedmor M� 546, Ffynnon-grog OS 1 834, Ffynon Grog 1 847TMS Ffynnonwen -(SN 232-492)[f:fyn..'lon + gwen] ; [f�n�n'wen L. Williams] Ffynnon \Ven > 1 774 Gogerddan :MSS box D 1 , Ffynonwen 1 794PR Tremain, FfYnnonwen OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffyn.llon-wen OS 1 834, Ff)rnnon Owen (sic) 1 954 F.Jones p. l 59 This well cured agues [ 1 860 AC : 5 9] . Garnwen -(SN 1 8 1 -497)[y + earn + gwen] ; Garnwen OS 1 982 Garth -(SN 229-486)[garth] ; Garth OS 1 982 Gelli-our -(SN 2 1 2-496)[tn. Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, Llaro.fiJlar1gel Aberbyt..hych, Carrns.)] ; Gelli Oer 1 764PR Tremain, Gellyour 1 780 Ty-llwyd J\1SS, Gelly 1 799PR Tremain, Gellyoir OOS 1 8 1 4 Gla..�d"Wr -(SN 1 84-496)[glan + y + dv>'IL Glandwr 1 822PR Ferwig, Glandwr 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Glandwr cot.e 1 838TMS, Llain-dWt- OS 1 891 Glasfryn -(SN 220-503) [glas + bryn] ; [glasvrm D. T. Jones] Glasfryn OS 1 98 2 Gorwelfor -(SN 1 64-501 ) [gorwel + mor]; GoPNel For OS 1 982 Graig -(SN 202-5 1 5)[y + craig] ; [grajg L. \Villiams] Craig c. 1 795 Coedmor J\.1S 546, Graig Farm OOS 1 8 1 4, Graig O S 1 834, C--raig 1 847Tl\.1S, Craig-y-Mount OS 1 89 1 , Craig-y-J\.1wnt OS 1 904, Y C--raig 1 993 Gambo n. l 07 Greenore -(SN 237-489)[I.tn. Greenore (Co. Wexford)] ; [gri:n'o:r L. Williams] Green Ore OS 1 89 1 , Greenore 0Sc. l 950 Gwacha!dagu -(SN 1 7 1 =490)[gochel + tagu]; [gwazal'dagi L. \Villiams] Gwachal-dagu, (c) Well (prox.) OS 1 89 1 C f Gwachal-tagy (Roche) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 623] . Gwaunge!od -(SN 1 68-485)[gwaun + y + gelod]; [ wejn'gebd L. \Villian1s] y [= i] Weyn y Gerod c. l 600 Egerton J\.1S 1 58 6 p.76, \Vyne y Gelod 1 779 Bronwydd M..SS , \Vaynygelod 1 788 Bromvydd MSS, Waunygelod OOS 1 8 1 4, Wineygelod 1 81 7PR Llangoedmor, Wayngelod 1 826PR Fenvig, Waun-y-gelod OS 1 834, Waungelod 1 83 8TMS GWBERT -(SN 1 60-500)[E. sn. ? ] ; [gubart L. Williams] Pant y Gilbert ? 1 697 Nouadd J\.1SS, Pant y Gilbert ? 1 748 J\1.Richardson J\.1S S p.434, Gwbert 1 748map L.J\1orris, Gwbert O S 1 834, Goobert 1 83 8TIAS, Gwbert-otl=the-Sea 1 890 TS 04/07/90, o'r Gwbert 1 9 1 6 Geninen vol.3 4 p. 1 74, Gwesty'r Cliff 1 980 '..V.R.Evans p. l Ol , Cliff Hotel OS 1 982, Gwbert-on-sea 1 990 W. J.Lewis p. 1 43 The present form is similar to the E. sn. Godbert [DES: 1 94] (the name is not more particularly 'Fle!Pish' than French, pace [ 1 906 H. Owen: 3.343]), though if Pant y Gilbert (wbich 'Nas in Ferwig parish [ 1 697 Nouadd MSS], or Aberteifi and Llangoedmor parishes [ 1 748 M:. Richardson !'.1SS: 434]) is to be identified with this 23

(2) IS-COED name, we have lost the referent, and the name

Gilbert has become mixed with Godbert (DES [1 89�90, 1 96] in fact be derived from Goldbard). A Philippus Gilbert was a burgess of Aberteifi in the thirteenth century [ 1 268 Longleat MS 624] . The William Povey Cuthbert of Aberteifi [1784 Bromvydd MSS] is probably too late to account for this place-name. The proposal of Gwbert as a sea resort first given in 1 886 [ 1 986 TS 1 5/08/86], in 1 890 Nrrs. Evelyn �1organ-Richardson of Nouaddwilym (3-a) opened the extension to the old UL'l at Gwbert which becatne the CliffHotel [ 1986 TS 22/08/86). Comprising: 1 ) Berm16r, 2) Brynteifi, 3) Dolwylan, 4) Evelyn Terrace, 5) Gorwelfor, 6) Gwbert, 7) High F_avens, 8) Hillcrest, 9) Ta..11-y-bryn, 1 0) T)"vyn. Gwelfor -(SN l 66-499)[gwel + morJ ; [gwelv:>r L. Williaw...s] suggests that

Gilbard,

a variant of Gilbert, tr�y

Gwelfor OS 1 982

Gwn::h\rn-bach -(SN 1 73-483)[gwnd\-vn + bach] ; G\-vndwn-bach 1 8 1 8PR Fen.vig, Gwnd\-vn-bach cote 1 83 8TW�

Hafandawel -(SN

1 65-485) [hafan + tawel] ;

Hafen Dawel OS 1 982

Hafod �(SN

[hav:ld, (c) baQk�'hrav:ld (prox.) L.

1 80-503 )[hafod];

\Villiams]

Hafod OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod OS 1 83 4

Hafod-fach - ( S N 1 85-500)[b.afod (+ bach)] ; [hav:>d'va:z L.

Williaw...s ]

Hafod fach 1 834PR Ferwig, Hafod-fiich O S 1 891

The Haven

=(SN 1 65-485)[E. the + haven] ;

The Haven OS 1 982

Hawthorn Grange -(SN 207-486)[E.

ha\vthom + grange] ;

Ha\vthorn Grange OS 1 982

Heolc\m

-(SN 1 86-499)[heol

+ y + c\\rn] ; [he:ll ku:n '

Heol y Cwm 1 68 9 Ty-llwyd MSS, Heol y

L. \Villiams]

c,vn

1 764 M.Richardson MSS p.438, Heolycwm 1 803map

I Singer, Heolycwn O O S 1 8 1 4, Heol-y-c\vn OS 1 834, Heolcwn 1 83 8TMS, Heol-y-cW!l OS 1 89 1

Heolc\Vn-fach -(SN 1 85-499)[heol + y + cvm (+ bach)] ; [he:l!kun'va:z L. \Villiams] Heol-gvm-fach 1 832PR Ferwig, Heolcvm-fach 1 838Tl\.1S , Heol-y�c\-vn=ffich O S 1 89 1 Heoleglwys -(SN 1 82-496)[heol + yr + eglwys] ; [he:>l'eg lujs, now ag':>rva, glasvrm, + kartre L .

Williams]

Heol yr Eglwys 1 646 Nouadd l\1SS, Heoll yr Eghvys 1 720 Nouadd 1\1S S, HeoleghNs 1 8 1 6PR Fen.vig, Heol yr Eglwys 1 83 8TMS

Heol=y=feiin -(SN 2 1 1 -48 1 ) [heol + y + melill]; (cl 6) Llai.11 Voidir-dywill 1 777map Canllefas-ganol, Heol-y-felin O S 1 982 A housing estate; refers to Felin-fa.ch (2-a). Heolgwyddyl-fach -(SN 1 87-495)[heol + y + gv.yddel (+ bach)] ; Tyr bach Heol y Gv.yddil 1 646 Nouadd M � S, Heol'y G\-\yddil fach 1 83 8 Tl\1S, Heol-y-gV\.yddel-fiich O S 1 89 1 , Heol-gv.yddil-ffich OS 1 904

Heolgwyddyl-fawr -(SN (ii)1 80-495)[heol + y + gwyddel (+ 111.awr)] ; [he:>l'gwil'la:s L . Williams, he:>las'vowr L . Willia111...s] Heol Las 1 70 8 Nouadd �1SS, Tyr yr Heol Las 1 724 Aberglasney l\AS 1 26, Heolas 1 743-45

Nouadd

:MS S, Heol-las fawr > 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Hoellas OOS 1 8 1 4, Heolas 1 8 1 6PR Ferwig, Heel­ las fawr 1 825PR Ferwig, Heol=Jas OS 1 834, Heol-las-fawr 1 83 8 Tl\1S, Heol�las 0Sc. 1 95 0, OS 1 982

High Havens -(SN 1 64-502)[E. high + haveP.s] ; High Havens O S 1 982 Hil!crest(i) =(SN 206-485)(Penparc)[E. hill + crest] ;

24

Heolas

fawr

(2) IS�COED Hill Crest OS 1 982

HiUcrest(ii) -(SN 1 63 - 502)(Ty\vyn)[E. hill + crest]; Hillcrest OS 1 982

Kimberley �(SN 207-485)[E.tn. Ki�berley]; Y.Jmberley O S 1 98 2 There are Kimberleys in Norfolk, Notti.'lghamshire, and \Varwickshire [ 1 960 ODEPN: 276]. Laca-fac.h -(SN 1 92-49S)[E. lake (+ bach)] ; [iaka,rnjb'va: x L. Williams] Llacca yr \Vydd fach 1 787sur IP.ap, Llaca'r \vydd-fach 1 83 8TIAS, Llacca'rv.'Yddfach 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifl, Llaca-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Llacca-fiich OS 1 904

Laca=fa\\T -(SN 1 9 1 -494)[E. lake (+ ma\-vr)]; [laka R. Jones, L. \Villiams, 1 995 'vowr L. Williams]

l\.1. \V. Jones p. l l 4,

laka,ruj�

Llaga'r \Vydd 1 749 Coedmor JMS 536, Llacaynvydd OOS 1 8 14, Llacca Ynvydd 1 81 9PR Ferwig, Laca 1 827PR Ferwig, Llaca�rhv.'Ydd OS 1 834, Llaca'r Wyddfawr, Laca'r \Vydd fawr 1 83 8TMS, Tythin + Tybach 'but now called by the general name' Llackarwyddfaur 1 842 MRicr.ardson 1\-1SS p. 5 1 6, Llacca Rwydd 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Mount Pleasant Farm OS 1 8 9 1 , (pn. ) Dai Laca 1 974 D.W. Thomas p. 1 1 2, Lacca 1 984 Gambo

n

1 8, (pn.) Owen Lacca 1 990 W.J.Le\vi.s p . 82

llaca which means 'loose mud' [1 860 AC: 6 1 ] ; and this seems to suit gl1lydd 'goose', cf Waunbawgl'f:ydda 1 809 (G\vau.'l Pentir, Llanddeiniolen, Caems .) [ 1 952 D. Thomas: 50] . However, the pronunciation laka, rather than iaka ( cf Trellaca, 2-a), may point to this place originally bei..'1g named E. lake (OE. lacu 'stream'), which was "the usual term for a stream in Pembrokeshire where it is commonly found in place�names. It also occurs in GlamorgaP.shire. " [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 291 ], the stream in question being the tributary of the Ivfwldan (d) that descends from Laca, past Ty-hen (l =a) to CH'mbared (l�a)� cf Llec (80�b). Tb..is has obviously been interpreted as its coupling with

Llain �(SN 207-484)[llain.] ; Llain 1 836PR Ferwig, Llain O S 1 982

Llainbanc -(SN 21 0-489)[llaiil + y + bane] ; Llain y Bane 1 83 8TMS, Llainban.� 1 878 TS 1 4/06/78

Llain�y=brenin �(SN 2 1 9�500)[llain + y + brenin]; [lajn L. V/illiams] Llain F.m OOS 1 8 1 4, Llai.11 O S 1 834, Llain'y Brenhi11 1 83 8TMS, Llain O S 1 891

Llain-y-cwm -(SN 207-492)[11ai..fJ. + y + c\vm] ; Llain-y-cwm OS 1 904, Llain-y-cwm OS 1 982

L!aindeg -(SN 207-477)[llain + teg]; Llaindeag 1 8 1 8PR Llangoedrnor, (c203) Llandeg 1 83 8Th1S, Llain-deg O S 1 891

LlaLWidelyn -(SN 207-486)[llain + y + telyn]; Llaindelyn OS 1 982

Llainifor -(SN 208-478)[llain + pn. Ifor]; [1-ajn'iv:)r L. \Villiatr..s] Llain-ifor OS 1 891

Llain-y-mwnt -(SN 1 98-S07)[llain + tn. M\vnt (2-a)] ; [lajn�'mnnt L. Williams] Byros Mount Parish 1 83 0PR Ferwig, Burrows O S 1 834, Byrhos 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Llain ·Mount 1 83 6PR Ferwig, Llai.'l'y�mwnt 1 843TMS, Llain-y-mount O S 1 89 1 , Llai.'l-y=m\-vnt O S 1 904, Lain=y=m\-vnt OS 1 982 The meaning

Hirros

burrows 'sand dunes' is not appropriate for its location. It rr.ay stand for her + rhos

(SJ 04-08, Llanfair Caereinion., Monts.)

-

c£

in which case it refers to the bill behi.11d it (though we are

some\vhat disconcerted by the fact that there is no lenition or forms with

, e.g. *Ferros� cf. Burrows

Bwrws [OS 1 8 1 9] . Llainywen �(SN 1 87-496)[[llain + yr + ywent [4an'Iwen L. Williams] (SN 1 6-27, Llanglydwen., Canns.),

Llainowen 1 924-26 CSRLS 69

Lleinau -(SN 2 1 1 -S03)[lleiniau) ; [lejne L \Villiams]

Lleine 1 765PR Tremain, Lleine 1 780 Ty�llvv'Yd �..1SS, Lleh"liau OS 1 89 1 , Lleir.au OS 1 904 Lleinau�Preis -(SN 205-490)[lleiniau + \V-E.sn. Pryce] ; [lejne'prejs L. Williams] Llainau Pryse 1 829PR Fen¥ig, Lleinau Price 1 83 0PR Ferwig, Lleine Pryse 1 83 5PR Fenvig, Llai.fl)'Price + Ty Clottas 1 83 8 TJ\AS, Lleiniau-price O S 1 89 1 , Lleinau-price O S 1 904 The name is uPJikely to P..ave been established earlier than the mid eighteenth century, see sub Gogerddan (4-a); cf C11-'mpreis (1 -a).

Llwynce!yn -(SN 1 95-503)[lhvyn + y + celyn] ; [brm'ha:v (prox.), revel, injn'kelm L. Williarns]

25

Hen­

(2) IS-COED Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1

L!wynllwyd-fach -(SN 2703-49 1 )[llwyn + 11\;yyd (+ bach)] ; [mjniujd'va:z L . Williams, 1 995 M W . Jones p. 1 1 4] Lhvynllv;yd fach 1 83 8TMS, Lhvyn-llwyd-rach OS 1 89 1

Ll\\rynl!wyd-faWI· �(SN 200-487)[lh,vyn + llwyd (+ mawr)] ; [mjni-ujd'vnwr L . \X/illiams] Lloy[

]yod 1 600 Nouadd MS S, Plas y Llwyn Llwyd 'in Dyffryn Llynnan' 1 63 0 Nouadd MS S , Llwyn

Lh;yyd 1 787sur map, Llwynlh;yyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Llwyn-lh;yyd O S 1 8 3 4, Lh;yynlh;yyd issa 1 83 8TMS, Llwyn­ lh\'Yd O S 1 89 1

L!wynysgaw �(SN 2 1 8-5 1 4) [llwyn + ysgaw] ; (iujn'Iskaw L. \Xfillian1s] Llwynysgraw OOS 1 8 1 4, Llwyn-ysgaw OS 1 834, Llwynysgaw 1 834PR Ferwig, Lhvyn-yscaw 1 847Tl\1S

L!ys-newydd -(SN 234-48 8)[llys + ne\;yydd] ; Llys-newydd OS 1 982

L!ys�yr...ynys -(SN 1 65 - 504)[llys + yr + ynys] ; Llys-yr-ynys O S 1 982

Logyn -(SN 209-503)[halog + -yn] ; [bgm L. Williams] Logyn 1 803map J. Singer, Logyn 1 82 1 PR Fervvig, Logir1 O S 1 834, Y Logyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 8 The tn. Logyn usually refers to strearns, and here we assume to the tributary of the !J1wldan

Syfudryn (72-a). coch] ; [majn'ko:x, in gra.11dmother's ti..me, paJJ'ko:x,, pant'ko:x,,

(d) that flows

past and belmv this site; cf

Maencoch -(SN 1 84-497) [maen +

now av:ln'de:l

L. Williams]

Maen Coch 1 826PR Ferwig, :l\1aencoch + Ty'r Clochydd 1 83 8TIAS, J\lf _..aen-coch (P. O . ) OS 1 89 1 , Avondale O S 1 982

Maes-yr-awel -(SN 2 1 8-504) [w-aes + yr + awel] ; :Maes-yr-awel OS 1 982

Maes-y-fe!in -(SN 224-504)[maes + tn. Felin[wynt] (2-a)] ; Maes-y-felin OS 1 89 1

Melinbedr -(SN 1 76-486)[melin_ + pn. Pedr] ; [velm L . \Villiarns] Melin Beder 1 760CF, Metin Bedir 1 765map E. Bowen

et al. ,

Melin Peder > 1 774 Gogerddan MS S box

D l , Felin.beder OOS 1 8 1 4, �1elin Bedr 1 8 1 7PR Ferwig, Felm Pedr O S 1 834, Felin Bedr (Corn) O S 1 891 Saint Peter (V·!. Pedr) is the patron of Ferwig church.

Min�y�mor =(SN 1 66-484)[min + y + mor] ; Min-y-mor OS 1 982

Mwnt -(SN 1 94-520)[£. mount ] ; [eglus�'munt L. Willia._tTIS] lMownte 1 5 57 in > 1 76 1 E . Yardley p . 3 96, Y Grog or Mvmt c. l 566EPC, 'cl>.apel' �1ount 1 569 in 1 937 E.A.Lewis, Mounte 1 57 8map C. Saxton, Mm,vnte 1 5 8 8 EE\V l\.1SS , Tir y Ty in Mount 1 6 1 4 Nouadd 1\.1S S, 'free chapel' 1v1ounte 1 603=25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 96, Tyr y Vynwent (prox.) 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p . 97, The Mount c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p.77, Plas Tir y Mount 1 725 Lucas MSS, Mount Church 1 760map E .Bowen, Mount 1 760CF, Plwyv y Grog o'r Mwnt 1 799EPC, Mount Church 1 808 S.R�.feyrick p. 1 7 1 , �1ount O OS 1 8 1 4, l\1ount, 'parish church' �1ount 1 8 1 8PR Mv·mt, l\1ount (l\1oel-y­ mvmt) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 85 0 edn) vol.2 p. 240, Holy Cross Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Eglv;ys y l\1wnt 1 904 J. Evans p . 3 1 6, Eglw's fach y �A:vvnt 1 990 i\._TD 3 09- 1 0

The late twelfth century mention of 'cum capellis suis' after the name o f the church o f Fenvig

CalPR: 258] is probably the earliest oblique mention of Mwnt. The name obviously refers to hill Moel-y-mwnt (2-a). Mwnt-bach -(SN 226- 5 1 4)[tn. Mwnt (2�a) (+ bach)] ; [munt'ba:x, L. \X/i!liarns]

[>1 1 97(1424)

the disti..11ctive

1\.1wnt bach 1 83 8Tl\1S, Mv\rnt bach 1 844PR Aberporth, Tyrbv.rlch�bach, Tyrbwlch bach 1 847TMS , Mount-bach O S 1 89 1 , Mwnt bach O S 1 904

Mwnt-mawr -(SN 224-5 1 3)[tn.

Mvmt (2 -a) (+ mawr)] ;

[munt'mowr L.

Williams]

Tir y Bulch 1 585/86 Nouadd �.1SS , l\1ount F. OOS 1 8 1 4, l\1ount O S 1 834, Tyrbwlch�ma\vr 1 847TI.1S , Mount-mawr O S 1 89 1 , ]Mount 0Sc. 1 950, Mwnt�mawr OS 1 904, Mwnt mawr 1 904 J. Evans p. 3 1 4, Ty'r Bwlcl1mawr 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 8, 1\.1wnt 1 93 0 TS 1 1 /07/30 The original name appears to have been

Tirbwlch. As the site does

not seem suitable for the name lv!wnt,

it must have been named after A1wnt (2-a), though it is unclear why this place took the name oflvfwnt (2-a).

Nant-bach -(SN 2 1 2-5 1 5) [nant (+ bach) ] ; [nant'ba:x l\1. Evans] Nant bach, Nant-bach 1 847TMS, Nant-bach OS 1 982

26

(2) IS-COED Nantcrou -(SN 1 83 � 5 1 0)[nant + y + crau] ; [nant�'kr�j L. Williams] T!r Nant y Croy 1 66 1 Kyle l\1SS, Nant y Croy 1 677 Bromx;ydd MSS, Nant)1Toy 1 764 MFichardson MS S p.438, Nantycroy OOS 1 8 1 4, Nantycroy 1 823PR Ferwig, Nant-croi OS 1 834, Nant'y-croy 1 838TiilS, Nant-croy O S 1 89 1 , Nantycroi O S 1 904, Nantcrai 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 6 The term crau has many origins in \Velsh: 1 ) 'coagulated blood'; 2) 'sty'; 3 ) 'eye (of needle), socket (of axe)'. I prefer the second sense 'sty', wr.ich is the most cornmon in toponymy, cf .�.7\fantcreuau (71-a), Bryncrouau (39-a), though the first sense - viz 'coagulated blood' - rrmy rnake sense as a reference to the flow of the stream I thi..flk it unlikely that t"Pis name contains the third sense, cf Trwyncrou (17-b). Nantffiyman -(SN 1 92-5 1 0)[nant + y + en. Ffly:rnan ?]; [nant'fhman L. \Villiams] Nant y Flymn10n 1 725 Lucas 1\.1SS, Nant y Flymman 1 787sur n1ap, Nant Fflyniinan c. l 795 Coedmor 1\.1S 546, Nant y Flynion 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 71 , Nantyfleroi.11 OOS 1 8 1 4, Nant-y-Fflyman OS 1 834, Nant­ flyman OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Fflymon c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. l 44, Nant-ftlyro.an OS 1 904, Nantyftlemi..11 1 904 TS 26/08/04 Takes its P..ame from the Flerni.'lgs having landed close by, all were killed [ 1808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 71 ] ; " . . . The form ffiyiT'..an is borrowed from the French Flamand. " [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.433], however, the in the form 1flyman makes a derivation from F. Flamand unlikely, the usual medieval \Velsh term for 'Flerr.ing' bei..'l.g Fflemis (pl. F:flemisiaid) [GPC s.v. fflcmisiad] , (see sub Castelljjlemis, 33-a); see sub Bate! (2-a), cf Beddau'if]lemin (2-b), BlaePjjlyman (2-a). Nant-mawr -(SN 2 1 0- 5 1 6)[nant (+ ma\vr)] ; [nant'mowr in£ ] Nant=w..awr OS 1 834, Nant 0Sc. 1 950, Nantma'vvr O S 1 982 Na.11tsaeson -(SN 1 65-486)[n.ant + saeson] ; Nant Saeson OS 1 982 This is a recent house built in the dunes of Tywad-y-tywyn (2-b). Pant-y-defaid -(SN 204-4 8 1 ) [pant + y + defaid] ; Cnwck ap Defed 1 83 8TMS, Pant-y-defaid OS 1 89 1 PantdWI- -(SN 206-482)[pant + y + d"Wr] ; [pant'du:r L . Willia.lTI.s] Pantydwr 1 556 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 496, Pant y Dv.lf 1 6 1 0 Nouadd :r-.1SS, Pant y Dwr 1 784PR Llangoedmor, Pant y DvJI" 1 787sur map, Pantydvvr OOS I 81 4, Pantdwfr 1 81 6PR Llangoed.'l'lor, Pant-y­ dwr OS 1 834, Pantdwr ucha 1 838TMS, Pantydvlf + Ty newydd Pantydv�r 1 84 1 cens., Pant-y-dv�r OS 1 904 Pantdwr-fach -(SN 206-48 1 )[pant + y + dwr (+ bach)] ; Pantdwr issa 1 83 8Tl\tf..S, Pantydwr isa 1 84 l cens. , Pant-y-d\\lf-fiich OS 1 89 1 , (c) Ffytmon Pant-y-dvJr-isaf (Cardigan Corpn. \V.W. ) OS 1 904, (c) Frjilllon Pant-y-dv�r-isaf (well) OS 1 982 Pantglas -(SN 1 82-509)[pant + glas]; Pantglas OS 1 982 Pant-teg -(SN 208-478) [pant + teg]; [pant'te:g L. Williams] Panteg OOS 1 8 1 4, Pant-teg O S 1 834, Panteg, Pantydeg 1 83 8Th1S Parc=bach -(SN 1 99-5 1 0) [parc + bach] ; Pare-bach O S 1 891 Parc-y-broga -(SN 233-498)[parc + y + broga] ; Park y Broga 1 754PR Aberporth, Park y Broga 1 758PR A.berporth, Park y Broga 1 838TMS Parc=y=gracben -(SN 2 1 4-5 l l ) [parc + y + crachen] ; Park y Grachen 1 8 1 9PR Ferwig, Park'y-grachen 1 84 7TMS Parcllwyd(i} - (SN 21 4-493}[parc + lh.x;yd] ; Parc-lh�'Yd OS 1 89 1 Parclhvyd(ii) =(SN 1 80-499)[parc + llwyd] ; [park'iujd L . \Villiams] Parc-lh'Vyd OS 1 891 Parc-y-rhos -(SN 2 1 4-493)[parc + y + rhos] ; [park�'ro:s L. \Villiams] Park'yrhos cot e 1 83 8TIAS , Parc-y-rhos OS 1 891 Penbont -(SN 236-488)[pen + y + pont] ; [pem'b�nt L. \Villiams] Penybont 1 799PR Tremain, R..liyd-wenwn-verch 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 70, F��Iyd-wonwn Verch 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.332, Pen-y-bont Tremain OS 1 89 1 , Pen-bont Tremain OS 1 904 Though one is tempted to identif.; RhydwenwyPJeirch with Rhyd (5=a) i..11 Aberporth parish, S. R. Meyrick [1898: 1 70] placed it in Tremain parish, and J. Rhys [ 1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] heard of a stream Gwenwynfarch,

27

(2) IS-COED which lay by Penbont (2-a), and ran from Rhosgadair-ucha (2-a) to Nantllan (3-a). The name -wenwn-verch als. Gwenwynfarch point to an original Gwenwynfeirch (assuming Gwenwynfarch *- Gwenwynferch *­ Gwenwynfeirch), which is found a number of times in Welsh toponymy, e. g. ar hit i foss bet Guenuin Meirch (Mons. ) [c. l l40 LL: 242]; hn. A bergwenwynfeirch (SH 9 1 -3 5, Llanycil, Mers.), Aber Gwenwyn Feirch c. l 700 [ 1 93 1 T. H. Williams : 1 22]; Rhyd Gwenhwynfarch (Talley) ( 1 633 in 1 963 M. Richards: 227]; Pont Gwenwynfarch (SO 06-91 , Penstrowed, Monts.); there also appears to have been according to l Rhys [ 1 891 : 263] a stream called Gwenwyn Meirch Gwyono to the E of Bangor (Caerns.), but a few years later [1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] he wrote the name as Gwenw1yn Meirch and location given as between Bangor and Conwy, though he showed some vagueness: "nid cof gennyf pa le yn iawn y mae. " (note the apparent lack of lenition of meirch in the name given by J. Rhys). The term gwenwynfeirch was interpreted by E. Lhuyd [c. I 700: 3.62] in the Penstrywaid name as meaning 'poisoned horses', whilst H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.632] interpreted Gwenwynfeirch as 'steeds' poison'. The significance of the Llanycil name was explained as due to Gwyddno's horses being poisoned by the contents of Ceridwen's cauldron [ 1 980 J. Wood: 55; c. 1 590(c. l 750) Hanes Taliesin: 454], and a similar explanation was given for the Cardiganshire name: "It was said it was poisoned by some maiden to destroy an enemy's army in the country. " [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 70) . As all the names appear to refer to courses of water, and is strongly reminiscent of gwenyn-meirch 'wasps; hornets; gadflies' (cf OB. marc guhi glossed uespae as OB. guohi, OC. guhien, W. gwychi means 'wasp' by itself, the composite marc guhi, literally 'horse wasp', is likely to mean 'gadfly' rather than 'wasp' [DOB: 514; DGVB: 1 96] ; kelien-marc'h 'gadflies' (lit. 'horse-flies') [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 391 ] ; MnB. pennmarc'henn 'hornet' [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 58 2] ), one is tempted to understand gwenwynfeirch as referring to some kind of stinging insect that plagues horses, perhaps especially near some stretches of water. However, the construction gwenwynfeirch appears to literally mean 'poison horses', and not 'poisoned horses' as was hinted in the popular legends quoted above, which makes it difficult to understand gwenwynfeirch as referring to anything but horses. The ford near Penbont (2-a) appears to have been called Rhydarthur at one time (see sub Treprior, 2-a), if Rhydwenwynfeirch was a later name for that ford we are tempted ­ though we are far from having the necessary proof - to connect the two names as representing a legendary story concerning the poisoning of Arthur's horses. Since I have not been able to locate the river Annerch in nearby Blaenannerch I cannot help entertaining as feasible the possibility that Gwenwynfeirch may have come to be by understanding Annerch realised as *�nerx as the reduced realisation of some form such as *Gwen 'eirch, itself a reduced form of Gwenwynfeirch note the existence of a Blaenweneirch (SN 1 9-20, Whitland, Carm s.). Penbwlch -(SN 1 88-496)[pen + y + bwlch]; [pen'bolx L. Williams] Penybwlch 1 82 1 PR Ferwig, Penbwlch 1 838TMS, Pen-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 Pencnwc -(8N 1 83-493)[pen + y + cnwc] ; [pen'knok L . Williams, .e5pe1J'knok 1 995 M . W . Jones p. 1 1 4] Plas Pen y Knok 1 585/86 Nouadd M88, Tythyn Pen y Knuck 1 630 Nouadd MS8, Plas Pen y Knwck 1 724 Aberglasney M8 1 266, Plas Pen y Cnwc 1 748 MRichardson MS8 p.434, Pen y Cnwc >1 774 Gogerddan M8S box D 1 , Penycnwce 1 8 1 7PR Ferwig, Pencnwck 1 826PR Ferwig, Pen-y-cnwc 08 1 834, Pencnwc 1 83 8TMS, Place Penyknwck 1 842 MRichardson MS8 p.5 1 6 Pen-y-ffordd -(8N 2 1 1 -479)[pen + y + ffordd]; Pen y Fordd 1 804PR Tremain, Pen-y-ffordd OS 1 89 1 Penfoudr -(SN 1 78-502)[pen + y + beudr] ; [pen'vejchr, pen'v�jdir said old people L . Williams] Peny Hoydyr 1 734 Bronwydd MS8 , Pen y Vydir 1 734 EEW M8S, Penyfoydir > 1 774 Gogerddan M8S box D 1 , Pen y Foidyr 1 803map J. 8inger, Penyfoidir 008 1 8 1 4, Penyfoidir 1 820PR Ferwig, Pen y Fidir l 83 1 PR Ferwig, Penfuedr 1 832PR Ferwig, Penfoidir 1 838TMS, Pen-foidir 08 1 89 1 , Pen-feidir 081 904, Penfiedr OS 1 982 Pengol (8N 1 69-493)[E.tn Bengal]; [pen'go:l L. Williams] Pen-y-gol 081 834, Bengal cote 1 83 8TMS, Pen-goleu 08 1 891 There is no feminine noun col in Welsh, the pronunciation of the feminine noun coel 'lap' cannot be ko:l in this area as it is towards the Teifi valley. The only etymology I can forward is that noted in 1 83 8 that this is an emulated name Bengal but for what reason I cannot tell; cf Bengal (Llanfair Nant-y-gof; Llanstinan, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 226, 248]. The equation of Ben- with pen was natural, for in this area Pen­ in toponyms is often found as [ben-] ; = the head of the surface, or flat sand of warren' [ 1 8 60 AC : 6 1 ] ; cf. Blaendelings ( 1 9-a). Pengraig -(SN 220-5 1 8)[pen + y + craig]; [pen'grajg, pn grrtpeu'grajg L. Williams] -

-

-

-

-

28

(2) IS-COED Penygraig als. Tyr;gwr 1 765 Llwyndyrys 1\.1SS, Tirygwr 1 774 Bromvydd MSS, Penygraig OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-graig O S 1 834, Pengraig Mount 1 903 G.Evans p. 97

Penllwyndu -(SN 1 76-497)[pen + lhvyn + du]; [penlujn'di: Ll. Jenkins] inf At one th'lle there were three houses here [inf Ll. Jenkins] . PENPARC -(SN 2 1 -48 ) [tn. [Capel] Penparc (3-a)] ; [pem'park L. Williams, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. l l 4, pen'park L. Williams] Penparc OSc. 1 950

1 ) Bronlhvyn (3 -a), 2) Brynawel (3-a), 3) B:rynteg, 4) Capel Penparc (3-a), 5) Crugdu-isa, 6) Crugdu-ucr�, 7) 1 1) Pant-teg 1 2) Penffordd, 1 3) Pengnocell-isa (3-a), 1 4) PengnoceU-ucha (3a), 1 5) Penllain (3-a), 16) Penparc Villa, 1 7) Pwll-y-bwmper (3-a), 1 8) Warin-ucha (3-a), 1 9) Wennallt (3-a). Pen pare Villa -(SN 21 0-479)[tn. Penparc (3-a) + E. villa] ; Comprising:

D6lwerdd, 8) Heol-y-felin, 9) Llai ndeg, 1 0) Llainjfor,

,

Penpark Villa OS 1 904

Penrhiw -(SN 226-498) [pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'nw L. Williams] Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , ym l\1henrhiw 1 983 Gambo n. 7

Pentre -(SN 2 1 1 -494)[pentref]; Tir y Pentre als. Pentre 1 742 Ty-1hv1 1 76(1 308) cart. Slebech, Garlandestona c. l 23 9 Anselm's Confinr..ation Book L"'l 1 948 B . G. Charles p. 1 8 1 , Gerardeston 30

(2) IS�COED 1 268 Longleat MS 624, Gardeston 1 300 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 83, Girardestofi 1 300 in 1 936 M.Rhys p.99, Gerardeston 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 MFllys p.203, Gerardeston' 1 301-02 ARCWW p. 7 1 , Gerardsto 1 302-03rent n.2, 'terra' Geyadeston 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxii, Trees Gerand 1 328-29 i.11 Suppl. AC cLxxiii, Trefereu 1 5 1 7 ERSt-David p. 829, Gardelandston c. 1 600 Vairdre Book f 42a in 1 948 B. G. Charles p. l 8 1 , Cariston 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. l l 7, Treveredd 1 702 Ty-lhvyd MSS, Geralds Town als. Treverwidd 1 734 Ty-llwyd MSS, Gerrards Town als. Trevervedd 1 750 Ty-llwyd I\1SS, Treverer 1 764PR Tremai.� Treferedd fawr 1 774PR Tremain, Treveredd vawr, Treveraidd 1 778 Ty-llwyd MSS, Treneved-issa 1 779 Ty-lhvyd MSS, Treveredd isaf 1 780 Ty-Ilwyd MSS, Treferefawr 1 803map J. Singer, Treferedd fa\.vr (sic loc.) OOS 1 81 4, Treferedd-fawr OS 1 834, Trefere 1 83 1PR Ferwig, Treveredd fawr 1 8381MS, Villa Garlandi vel Gerlons 1 859 Collectanea Pembrochiana p.25 in 1 948 B. G.Charles p. l 8 1 , Trefere fawr OS 1 982 This place-name may contain tl1e pn Gerard or Gerald, either of which could have become reduced to Gerad by 1 242. A form Gerred is attested [ 1 976 P. H. Reaney & R. M . Wilson: 141], and such a form could have given VI. * Geredd, cf David -+ Dafydd. Thus Treferedd may originate from tref + pn. * Geredd. Treferedd-ucha -(SN 220-498) [tref + pn. * Geredd (+ uchaf)] ; [tre,vere'ixa L. Vvilliams] Treveredd fach 1 71 0 Ty�llvJyd MS S, Treneved�ganoL Treferedd ganol 1 779 Ty-ll'vvyd 1\1SS , Treferedd ywcha 1 793PR Tremain, Treveredd�ucha 1 806PR Tremain, Treferedd fach 1 8 1 0PR Tremain, Treferedd OOS 1 8 1 4, Treferedd-uchaf OS 1 834, Treferedd ucha 1 83 3PR i\berportl:l, Treveredd-uchaf 1 838TI\1S, Trefer uchaf OS 1 982 Trel!aca -(SN 233-487)[tref + yr + llaca] ; [tre'!�ka, tre'laka D. A Hughes] Treellacca 1 8 1 9PR L1angoedmor, Tre'rllaca 1 906 J. J.Morgan p. l 32 Treprior -(SN 230-488)[tref + yr + prior]; (tre'prij�r L. Williaro.s, tre'prbr M Jenkifl.s] Vadum Arthuri ? >1 1 97(1 424) CalPR p.258, Treprior 1 768PR Tremai.rt, Tre'r Prior ycha + isa >1 774 Gogerddan J\1S S box D 1, Treprior OOS 1 81 4, Treprior OS 1 834 H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.461 ] identified Vadum Arthuri vvith P..hyd-jach (2$a) adjoini.rtg Canllefas-isa (2-a), but since the priory had 2 carucates of land near Vadum Arthuri, tr.is would suit Treprfor (2-a) which along with neighbouring r:_l)mnomj;•en (2-a) both belonging to the Priory estate - constituted 225 acres [18381MS Tremain], for the holding !....�ins] .. Traeth Benwaidd c. l970map I.�Aathias A jutti.11g rock separated two tiny beaches that enabled holidaymakers to bathe according to the sexes [inf Ll. Jenkins] ; cf Glanmorladis (65-b). Meudrdowdi -(SN 200- 5 1 0 -" 1 94-51 8)[meudr + ? ]; [vejdrrldowdi M:. Evans] in£ The word tj·-dduw is attested i11 Welsh [GPC s.v. duw] meaning 'place of worship', an inverse compound * duwdy is feasible, as would be the evolution of such a form into *dywdy --,)> dowdi. This is very tentative, but it would fittingly describe the Jane \VP.ich leads to l'·.1wnt (2-a) chapel. �1uch more !i.�ely to my IP.i.11d is a word derived from English, whether the adjective dowdy 'ill-dressed' [EDD s.v. dm.vdy] or the E.�I.sn. Dowdie [ 1 969 E. I'v1acLysaght: 77]. Moel-y-mwnt -(SN 1 93-520)[moel + tn. M\vnt (2-a)] ; [v:ljlalmont, a�v�ji L. ':Villiarns, a�v�jl M. Evans]

33

(2) IS-COED l\1oel y J\1ount 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 00, Mount Head 1 760map E.Bowef'., J\1ole-Mount 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Moel y Mv•mt 1 803ro.ap J. S inger, Moel y Movmt 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. l 75, Foel­

y-mwnt or Mount Bank O S 1 834, Foel'y Mvmt 1 847TMS, Voel y Mwnt 1 856 H.J. Vin.cent in_ D. Thomas :MS B-69 p.45, Foel y Mwnt O S 1 89 1 , Y Voel als. Moe! y Mwnt c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. l 42 The

Ogo-- filain

\V. moe! is equivalent to

E.

mount.

-(SN 1 85-5 1 7)[ogof + yr + gwylain ? ];

[og:l'vilen

L. Willia.•11S]

Ogof F ilast (al. loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, Hatling-fawr (sic loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, OgofFilast O S 1 891 The o ccurrence of the term \Vhilst

milain

milain

'villein' is not easy to explain in the context of a coastal toponyrn, and

has become adjectivised with the meaning 'fierce, crueL savage; rough', it is only attributed

(GPC s.v. milain] . But more convincingly perhaps -vi!en represents gt,;�.ylain gwylan 'gull', which has been replaced by gwylanod, cf. Carreguylan (1,1oylgrove), Cerrig y Gwylein 1 63 8 [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 20]. It is feasible that labiodootalisation can account for *Ogo­ wylain � Ogo-jilain, cf Craigftlan (5-b). The name Ogo7filast is either a wistake, or the name of another cave or cove in the vicinity (neither does the o ccurrence of miliast in a coastal name seem easy to to humans and living creatures

=

the old plural of

explain).

Ogo-goch -(SN 1 6- 50) [ ogof + coch]; [ og:l'g o:x, Ll. Jenkins, mo·g�mz'bi:tf D. Davies] in£ Penbeles -(SN 2 1 8-523) [pen + ? ]; [pen'beles, !awra�'beles L. ·williams, pen'bdes Jones, tra:9;)'beles L. \Villiams]

Ll. Jenkins,

tra:B'beles

F�

Penveles c. l 3 50( 1 93 3)map W.Rees, Pen-pel-es OS 1 834, Pen-y-graig 1 85 l map J.Imray, Pen-pel-es OS 1 89 1 , Pen-pel-es O S 1 904, Traeth-y-beles 1 924-26 CSF.LS

4, Y

Beles, Traeth y Beles als. Bales

1 924-26 CSRLS 5, Penpel-es 0Sc. 1 950, Penpel-es OS 1 982 Cf Pen-y-bilys (1 7�b).

PencestyU -(SN 2 1 9�52 l )[pen + cestyll]; [peiJ'kestd L.

Williams]

Cestyll O S 1 834, Pen Cestyll OS 1 89 1 ..An rock like a castle

Penrergyd

[inf L. Williams].

-(SN 1 69-485) [pen + yr + ergyd];

[i·r'patJ D.

Davies]

Pen'r Ergyd 1 748rr.ap L.Morris, Pen }'f Ergyd 1 808 S . R I\1eyrick p. 92, Burrows OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-yr ergid O S 1 834, Penyrergyd 1 91 3 TS 27/06/1 3, Patch 1 947 TS 22/08/47, Patch 'at Gwbert' 1 953 WbW 1 1 / 1 2/53 , Pen yr Ergyd, Patch OS 1 982 The alternative name is

Y Patsh

'the patch', and it is likely that it is the English maritime meaning ofpatch

'foul ground, rocky ground' as i.11

is

The Patches an alias

of Caentyddno

T}wad-y�t}'l'l-yn (2-b) that projects into the Teifi estuaty

the part of

(67-b) and SarngyPJelyn (67=b). Tf..is The significance of the word ergyd

'blow, shot etc. ' is not clear in this name. Perhaps it derives from the terminology of the ftshermen, we

in 1 983 San: May] : "Nid oes un ergid penagored i gael ergyd penagored i gael ei saethu escapes me. Does ergyd mean 'a cast' in the fishermen's terminology ? this is given as bwnv in the area by J. G. Jenkins [ 1 974: 1 30], and Pen-bwrw 'the starting poi.11t of a cast'. It may be that ergyd refers to the part of find in the rules of the fishermen of Llandydoch [ 1 893

ei seutf..i yn Pv-Jllna\\pis o gv..rpwl. ", but the eY.act meaning of

the estuary that closes i.11 on ships and boats, leading them to hit the the sand-banks, for which sense

Penrergyd is

Llidiart�yr�ergyd ('.�.Jangadfan, Monts_), ergyd being explained, uncon­ [ 1 98 1 E.FfLlangadfan: 5]; cf Ergyd-bach (2-b); (c) Ergyd y Station (in [1 974 l G_ Jen.lGns : 245] ; cf.(c) Ergid Non 1 649, the name of a strip in Nloifa­

perfectly located; cf. tn.

vi."'lcingly, as 'dec \\-rth gau'r llidiard'

river prox. Dyfi Junction, Monts.) esgob (48-b). Pen!lech�yr-ast �(SN c.221 �483 ) [pen + llech + yr + gast] ; [ penlez;)r'ast L. Williams]

Legh yr Ast 1 603 G Owen vol. l p.252, Llech yr Ast > 1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Llech yr Ast 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.772, Llech yr Ast 1 760map E.Bowen, Pen-llechau'r-ast O S 1 834, Llechyrast 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor,

(cs376-81 ) Pantlleche

1 838Th1S Llangoedmor, Pen Llechau'r-ast OS 1 89 1 , Pen Llech-yr-ast

OS1 904, Penllecharast 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen Llech-yr-ast O S 1 982 E. Lhuyd

[ 1 722: 772]

described it as: " . . . a vast rude stone of about eight or ni.'le yards in circumference,

and at least half a yard tr..ick. It is placed inclini.11g; the one side of it on the ground, the other supported by a pillar of about thre-e foot high. " , and compared it to a similar megalitr..ic monument named G'.val-y­ filast (Llanedem, Glams.); a druidical monument [ 1 808 s_ R_ Meyrick: 1 19] ; near the fourth milestone from Aberteifi [ 1 860 AC : 59] ; formerly stood [1813 G_ Nicholson: 330] ; "The large incumbent (sic) stone has long since been removed or destroyed; but there are some of its supporters yet in existence. "

34

[ 1860 ii..C: 58] ;

see

1 982 CER vol. 9 p. 265. Before the school was built it was the name of the bane; see Ysgol Penllech�yr­ ast (2-a). For the variation ber-Neen llech and llechau, see sub Llech-y-gawres (3-a); cf Llech-yr-ast (prox.) (SN 40-35, Bwlch-y-dd\vyros, Llangeler, Carrns .) [ 1 899 D. E. Jones: 34] ; cf Treprior (2-a). Penrhwbyn -(SN 1 82-5 1 7)[pen + ? ] ; [ruhi, pen'ruhi, /awrruhi, pen'ruhm, it is hruhm L. Williams] Garreg Rooby 1 8381MS , Pen'rhwbyn OS 1 834, Pen yr Hwbyn O S 1 89 1 , Pen y Rhwbyn 1 983 Gambo n. 3 \Vith the obscure second element we are faced ·with the usual uncertainty as to whether the

represents the defmite article or the element itself, the [h -] in this position may be a hypercorrection, and a ftnal [-n] can also elide, but also be a hypercorrection. i\11 these phonetic uncertainties help keep t.lJ.e etymology of this name obscure.

Pentew -(SN

1 73 -5 1 4) [pen + tew] ;

[pen'tew, park'pen'tew (prox. ) L. \Villiams]

Pen-tew O S 1 834, Pen Tew O S 1 891 Stone steps

(staerau cenyg) led to

a place to wash

(i molchyd),

no becah [inf L. Williams] ; this appears to

be a very rare example of pen in toponymy as a referent, rather than a positioner, the literal meaning of 'fat/thick head', meani.'l.g a 'wide headland'.

Pistyllifor -(SN

1 60-500)[pistyll + pn. Ifor] ;

[pishi'iv;,r Ll. Jenkins, ivli:nz'bi:tJ D. Davies] ,

Ogof yr Eglvvys c. l 970IP.ap LMat}-lias, Evelyn Beach 1 986 TS 22/08/86

Evelyn Beach was named after �1rs. Evelyn �1organ-Richardson in 1 909 [ 1 986 TS Terrace, 2-a). The cave so named was said to lead to Ferwig church [inf Ll. Jer�lcir..s] . Silian-fach -(SN 1 5 5-5 1 5)[ ? (+ bach)] � [sdjan'va:x, C. M . Phillips] in£ Silian-fawr -(SN 1 55-5 1 5)[ ? (+ mavJr)] ; [srljan'vowr C. J\A. Pbillips]

22/08/86] (see

Evelyn

Sylian Point 1 83 8 Tiv1S, Silian OS 1 89 1

This 11.ame is comparable to the part of the estuary of the Brouan river called Traethsilian (SN 1 87-453, Cilgerra11, Pembs.): Traeth Silian [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 76], pn. Wil Silian 'a tramp in Aberteifi' [ 1 920 TS: 26/1 1120], Traeth Silia [ 1 974 J. G. Jenlillips: 176] . This it would appear is an unattested derivative of sil 'fish eggs, fish spawn' , possibly a verb-noun *silia (though the verb�noun is given as silio [Gl\1 s.v. silio]). Hov.rever, in this name, the fmal , though possibly epithetic, is better attested than the form *silia� cf Rhydsil (3-a); Tynfron(ii) (64-a). Swnd-yr-ynys -(SN 1 6 1 -5 1 4) [s\vnd + yr + ynys] ; [£5'sund�r'�·ms 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 860, (c) park�'ralva Two rocks [in f c. M. Phillips] .

(SN 1 62-5 1 2) Ll. Jenkins] Y Ddalfa 1 748tr.ap L.�1orris It is suggested that

Y Ddalfa

referred to a collection point for sheep (or cattle) to be ferried across to

Ynys Aberteift., however, wl1ilst this would suit this particular site, it does not suit the site of another r1ame,

Y Ddalfa-fawr ( 1 8-b). There is also evidence of sheep bei..11g washed i..11 FfTh: 1 7.24-26], but the usual and expected term would be golchfa i.'l. Trwyn-yr-olclifa (81 -b). It seems more likely tb.at this dalfa refers to a spot for catching

seaside example of tbis

seawater in some areas of Wales [ 1 996 not

dalfa

as

fish.

Traeth-bach -(SN 226-520) [traeth + bach]; [tra:8'ba:x LL Jenkins] in£ Traeth-bach Llwynysgaw -(SN 2 1 6-522) [traeth + bach + tn. Llwynysgaw (2�a)] ; Traeth bach Llwyn�ysgaw O S 1 89 1 , Traeth bach 0Sc. 1 95 0

Traeth-bach Na.•lt-mawr -(SN 2 1 1 -5 2 1 ) [traeth + bach + tn.

Nant-rnawr (2-a)] ;

Traeth bach Nant-mawr OS 1 891

Traeth Mwnt -(SN

1 93-5 1 9) [traeth + tn. Mwnt (2-a)]; [ tra : e�· munt �1. Evans,

tra:8'mawr L. Williams ]

Traith y �1vmt 1 808 S.R�1eyrick p. 1 7 1 , Traeth=y=mount 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2 p . 4 1 8 , Traeth

M t 1 85 l map J. Imray, Traeth'y l\tfount O S 1 89 1 , Traeth y Mwnt O S 1 904

Traeth-yr-odyn -(SN 1 5 8-5 0 l ) [traeth + yr + odyn] ; [tra:O�'r:ldm Ll. Jenkins] inf Traeth Pengraig -(SN 220=521 )[traeth + tn. Pengraig (2-a)] ; Traeth Pengraig 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Tywad-y-tywyn -(SN 1 65 -490) [tywod + tn. Tyv./)'!1 (2-a)] ; [twa:d�'t�wm, 2�r.l'twa:d

L. Williams]

Sand Hills 1 748map L.�1orris, Tov·/)'11 Warren O OS 1 8 1 4, Towyn \Varren O S 1 834

35

(2) IS-COED [fl. l470: 1 7] who implores the help Pedrog: " Gwrtae-d Pedroc, vawrweh-thioc }'Ih"'l I Yrrv'r twod o 'r Ty"'�ynn. " ; see Tywyn (2-a), Penrergyd (2-b ). Ynys Aherteifi -(SN 1 59-5 1 5)[ynys + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)]; [�niS,aber'tejvi L. Williams, �'riniS p . c. C. l\1. Pbi!lips] Hastiholm 1 26 8 Longleat MS 624, Insula 1 280Ext p. 1 1 2, !pastura! Insule 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 1\.1.Rhys p. 8 1 , Insula de Kardigan 1 302�3rent n.2, Insullis in 1\1are 1 3 28=29 in S uppLI\C clxxii, Insule de Ilond 'infra mare! 1 43 3 BM Doc. p. 6, Cardigan Insula 1 578map C . S axton, Cardigan Island 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, This land, overcome by sand, is mentioned by the poet Dafydd Nanmor of Sah"lt

Cardigan Island 1 652 Nouadd M 3 S, Cardigan Isle 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s. v. Cardigan, Cardigan Island OOS 1 8 1 4, Ynys LAberteifi 1 926 TS 25/06/26 The mear.iJ-,g of Hastiholm is 'horse island'

( 1 991 R. A. Griffiths: 1 1 3]

many other English names of island off the coasts of \Vales.

36

and is a name of Norse origll:1, like so

(3) IS-COED LLANGOEDMOR Alma Grange -(SN 208-46 l ) [tn. LA�111a (Uk.raine) + E. gra..1e1g ] ; [alma'gre:n3, �r.alma'gre:n3 S. Griffiths] Alma Grange OS 1 891 b.bet. 1 854-9 1 (OS 1 89 1 ] . This place owes its name to the battle of the Alma of 1 854, during the Cri..'nean \Var. J. Field [ 1 972: 4] on two English field-names Alma notes that the name "probably ca.rries the suggestion of harsh climate and bitter toiL as well as the great distance of the field from the village. " Lt\nother place called A lma was so called because of a dispute for the possession of land that was lL�ened to the battle of Alma [L.'1f .] . The addition of grange is probably pure affectatioP.; cf

Alma Barn (Berks.)

[ 1986 J. Field: 1 5 ]

Alma Grange Cottage -(SN 208-459) [tn. rAJ1-r..a Grange (3-a) + E. cottaget A.hna Grange Cottage O S 1 89 1 b.bet. l 854-9 1 (OS 1 89 1] . Alma Lodge -(SN 208-459) [tn. Al111a [Grange] (3-a) + E. lodge] ; iiJn..a Lodge OS 1 982 Bane -(SN 249-490)[ba-11c] ; [bauk & revel D. A. Hughes, f.p!l_ meribauk p. c. H. Ll. Hu..mphreys, pena'hauk I. Davies] Bane + Swithy OS 1 89 1 , Penybanc O S 1 982

Banc=y=felin -(SN 220-443) (banc + y + meli..'l] ; [bagk�'velm I . Jones] Ba!l.kyfelyn 1 84 l cens . , Banc-y-felin O S 1 904

Blackhorse -(SN 1 92-456)[E. black + horse]; Black Horse O S 1 89 1 , Black Horse Cottage O S 1 904

Blaenbarthen -(SN 204-457) [blaen + tn. Barthen]; [b l am' bareen S. Griffiths] Tyr y Barthen 1 67 1 Cwrt-ro.awr MSS, Tyr y Barthen, Tyr y Berthen 1 682/83 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Parkey Earthen als. Blaenberthan 1 798 Nantgvvyllt MSS 2/4 1 1 -1 2, Blanbarthen 1 799 Nantg\vyllt MSS 2/4 1 3 , Blaenbarthen OOS 1 8 1 4, BlaL11bard1en 1 8 3 1 Nantgwyllt IV!SS 2/4 1 5, Lan-barthen OS 1 834, Blaen Earthen 1 83 3PR Llandygv.'Y, Blaenborthen, Blaenbarthen 1 83 8Th1S, Blaen Barthen als. Denvenlas (sic) 1 8 57 Coedmor 1'-AS 203, Blaen-barthen O S 1 89 1

R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 06] who noted: '' Tyvvyll }7\N enw hvvn. , however, it rr..ay be tlmt it was not a hydron:ym but a place-name (to \vhich blaen is also prefixed, sometimes, cf Blaencyswch, 3 1 -a), and this supposition seems confirmed in the light Nant-y-gof (3-a) also referring to the stream in Blaenbarthen's vicinity, cf Cynllo (d). If we take t..lJ.e origir.al Tyr y Earthen to be a toponym, then it im.'Uediately seems to stand for perthen 'a bush', whose vowel has been retracted to because it precedes , and this has some support from the forms Tyr y Berthen of 1 682/83. I am unaware of a derivative in -en ofperth, except in northern \Vales where it tends to mean 'thorn bush' [GPC s.v. perth]. The form Aberbarthen quoted by R J. Thomas [1938: 1 06] is IPistakePJy appended to this name, LTJ. fact it stands for Aberharthen:fach (1 0-a). B!aenbarthen Cottage -(SN 205-457) [tn. Blaenbarthen (3-a) + E. cottage] ; [evel �' g o: ? S . Griffiths] The r..ame

Earthen

has been taken t o be a hydronym by

tarddiad y bon Barth- :yn yr

"

Blaenbarthen Cottage OS 1 982

Blaencwm -(SN 1 99-435) [blaen + y + cwm]; Blaen-cwm O S 1 89 1 , 11aes y Llan OS 1 982

Blaenpisty!l �(SN 23 1 �479)[blaen + y + pistyll]; [bla·m'piStd S . Griffitr.s] Bryn y Pistill ? 1 629 Nouadd MS S , Blaen y Pistyll 1 703

Ty-llv.yd J\1SS , Blaen y Pistill 1 7 1 3

F.C.Winchester (Hove) MS S , Blaenpistyll 1 742 Coedmor MS 1 3 8, Blaen y Pistelle 1 760CF, Blaen y Fistello 1 765map E.Bowen

et a!. ,

Blaenypistill l 76 6 Coedmor MS 1 88, Blaen Pistill l 803map J. Singer,

Blaenpistyll OOS 1 8 1 4, Blaen-pistyll O S 1 834, Blaenpistill 1 838Th1S

Cf Blain Pistyll (u..rlioc., central Cards.) [1 1 98(1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur] . Blaenwennen -(SN 239-470)[blaen + ? ] ; ( bla 'wenen l\1. Jenkins] Blaen Weynan 1 652 Bronwydd MS S, Blaenwennen 1 706 F . Green MS S vol.25 p.477, Blaenwennen 1 742 Coedmor MS 1 88, Blaenwenen 1 766 Coedmor 11S 1 89, Blaemvennen 1 776map Lh\'Yngra�'YS, Blaen \Venen 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenwennen OOS 1 8 1 4, Blaen-wennen OS 1 834, (pn ) Shon Lanwenen c. 1 880 J.Davies p. 8 1

R

J. Thomas

(1 938: 1 1 3] treats this name as a hydronym, wr.ich seems to refer to the strea.'TI that descends Ty-ne'Yvydd (3-a) and joins the river "'�frydmor, but an alias of Ty-ne>.vydd is noted as

from Blaenwennen to

37

(3) IS-COED Nant y Ywrch 1 664, and Nantywrch c. 1 775, wl1ich in all probability refers to this very same stream. R J. Thomas [1938: 1 13] corn1ects the stem of wbich he is u..flsure if it is *gwennen or *gwenen as being related respectively, to gwen (the feminine form of gl-11}'11 \vhite'), or to gwen 'wish, prayer', and a variant form of gwenyn 'bees' (w}ljch is B. G. Charles' s coP.jecture for CihFennen (D:inas), Killwenin 1 75 1 , Kilwenin 1 767, Kilwennen 1 83 1 [1 992 PN Pembs: 38]). There is no reason that glA.Jen 'smile' can...'l.ot be considered. HO\vever, the pronunciation, along \vith w.any of the spellings indicate tl-.at only �wennen need be considered. We have established that is someti.-rnes found as L'l. \Velsh toponymy, so that -wennen could be for -wynnen, �"ld if so the pn. Gv.ynnen (see sub Llanwnnen, 15-a) is a distinct possibility. A seerr.ingly insuperable problem with this (and other) etymologies confmed to Blaenwennen itself (not to Cilwennen), is the i..rregular mutation of , for which an elided article could be suspected, though the forms show no backi..'lg for this, and articles before old hydronyms or personal-names are virtually un...lmown. The likely answer to this problem - undemoro.strable until we find o lder documentary forms - is that the element -lt'ennen here has lost an initial syllable, and represents possibly somethi"lg li.�e *ewynnen, a river-name, meaniflg - more or less - 'foamy'. For a SLT!lilar looking element (see sub Bronwennau, 47-a), the favoured explanation of that name (viz. gwynnau 'winds') is unlikely as the si..11gu!ar of gwynnau is gwynt, and this seew.i.'lgly precludes a feasible singular *g»'Jmnen. Blaenwennen Bungalow �(SN 240-47 1 ) [tn. Blaenwennen (3-a) + E. bungalow] Blaemvenen Bungalow OS 1 982 Blaenwennen-fach -(SN 240-467) [blaen + ? (+ bach)]; Blaenwenen fach cott. 1 838TMS Brengast -(SN 221 -437) [tn. Prendergast (Pembs.)] ; [breg'gast I. Jones] Brengast 1 84 l cens., Pant-yr�onen OS 1 89 1 , Brengast OS 1 904, (pn.) Sherr.i Brengast ? (tramp at Aberteifi) 1 920 TS 26/ 1 1 /20, Brengast 1 924-26 CSRLS 46 Brengast was the Welsh pronu.'lciation of Prendergast, which stood across the river from Haverfordwest (Pembs.), Prendegast 1 23 1 , Prendigast 1 3 5 7, Prendgast 1 5 94, Bryngest ('Velsh text - L. Dwnn) c. 1 600 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 433], B. G. CJ:..arles [ 1992: 434] has noted si-xteen examples of places i..'l the northern part of Pembrokeshire named after it, none attested before 1 706, and his explanation for the commonness of the name is clarifying: "The probability is that the origin and meaning of this [i.e. the original] Prendergast has little relevance to the frequency of its use as a late minor name elsewhere. Prendergast, on the north­ east border of Haverford\:vest, became a poor suburb of the town and as such \\ras well-k:novvn to the foLJc of north Pembrokeshire. It would seem that the name Prendergast, often pronou.'lced Prengast, became an epithet in the \Velsh dialect for places situated i..'l the east end of villages and hamlets where the poorer people often lived, and later the appellative was applied to humble cottages in the vaci...Uty (sic). " Tr.is Brengast is also situated east of Llechryd (3-a) village. Broadview -(SN 226-448)[E. broad + view] ; Broadview OS 1 982 Bro.-dawel �(SN 221 .,458)[bro + tav.rel] ; Brodawel OS 1 9 82 Bronnallt -(SN 226-482)[bron + allt] ; Bronallt OS 1 982 Brondei:fi �(SN 1 89-458)[bron + lm. Teifi] ; Brontivy OS 1 904, Frontify 1 990 \V. J.Le\vis p. 63 Bronllwyn -(SN 209-478) [bron + lhvyn] ; Bronllwyn OS 1 982 Cf Fronllwyn (Tan-y-groes area) [ 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 50 ] . Bronnydd �(SN 2 1 7-458)[t!1. Bronnydd] ; [br�mij S. Griffiths] (c283) Park Pen Blewin issa 1 83 8TMS, Bronydd OS 1 982 A new house [i..llf s. Gri.ffiths], whose name emulates that of the nearby fields of (cs 1 044, 1046) Bronydd pella + nessa (SN 21 2-459) [1 838Tiv1S]. The earlier name Penblewyn 'hair end' refers to the pointi..'lg convergence of two roads into one at this site, compared to the width of a r.air. There is a fa..'llous crossroads called Penblewyn (T"-'landdev.ci Velfrey, Pembs.), which is unconvincingly explained by B. G. Charles [1992: 457] as referri.'lg figuratively to an elevated spot, though there does not appear to be a si.-rnilar convergence of two roads into one, as found at the site of Bronnydd. A similar convergence of roads to a poi..flt at the site of Llain Villa (8-a) is called �'bigus.

38

(3) IS-COED Bronorwen -(SN 2 1 2-437)[tn. Bronorwen ( 1 1 -a)]; [br�n'�rwen I. Jones] Brononven (sign) Brynalan -(SN 1 94-455)[bryn + pn. Alan] ; Bryr.ala...� OS 1 982 Brynarberth -(SN 2 1 1 -457)[bryn + hn. (Pont Rhyd]arberth (3-a)] ; [brm 'arbeG S. Griffiths] Bryn-arberth OS 1 904, Bryn-arbeth 0Sc. 1 950 Brynawel -(SN 208-477)[bryn + awe!] ; Bryn-awel OS 1 904 Brynbedw -(SN 21 1 -444)[bryn + bedw] ; [ brm'bedu I. Jones] Bryn-bedw OS 1 891 A housing estate [OS1 982]. B rynderi -(SN 207-439)[bryn + deri]; [brm'deri I. Jones] Brynderi OS 1 982 Brynesgob -(SN 21 0-456)[bryn + tn. [Gwem]esgob] ; [brm'esk:lb S. Gri:ffith.s] (c) \Vern Yscob (SN 2 1 1 -455) 1 83 8Tl\.1S, (c) \XJaunyscob 1 86 1 ]\.1.Richardson l\1SS p. 320, Bryn-esgob OS 1 89 1 b.bet. l 838-91 [ 1 838Th1S; OS1891]. The field Gwernesgob was below the road from Brynesgob, and there are no obvious links with any of the lands of the Bishop of Sai.11t Davids to account for the coining of this name. Bryngobaith �(SN 2 1 5�438)[bryn + gobaith] ; Bryngobaith OS 1 982 b.bet. l 904-82 [081 904; 081 982]; see Bryngobaith (4-a). Brynheulwen -(SN (i)246-488)(Blaenannerch)[bryn + heulwen]; (brm'hejlwen D. A. Hughes] (fpn.) Nari Bronheulwen c. 1 8 80 J.Davies p. 28, Bryn-haulwen OS 1 89 1 , Bryn..lJ.eulwen OS 1 982 i) SN 246-488. 1 89 1 . "yn un o dai Bronheulwen" [c.l 880 J.Davies: 28] . ii) SN 246-490. 1 982. A housing estate. Brynhyfryd -(SN 25 1 -490)[bryn + hyfryd] ; [brm.'h;}vrid I. Davies] Bryn-h:yfryd OS 1 891 b. by the Rev. John Jones (t l 875) [ 1950 BC p.452] . Brynhywel -(SN 22 1 -482)[bryn + pn. Hywel]; Brynhywel OS 1 982 Brynmeilo -(SN 2 1 3-442)[bryn + ? ] ; Bryn-meilo O S 1 904 Existent (OS1 891 ] . Brynpywydd -(SN 2 1 7-48l )[bryn + ffa\vydd ? ] ; [brm'powi L . Williams] (c5) Park Ffm:vydd (SN 21 4-48 1 ) 1 777map Canllefas-ganol, Pen-pare Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-pov.;ydd OS 1 982 The field�name, sited ahnost opposite the then future site of Brynpywydd may have given the obscure element p;'l1-ydd, though there is no regular way in vi'nichffmvydd could give a...� i..n.itial [f� ], and whilst we might suspect the 1 777 form to be a misreadi.11g, powydd was traditioP..ally held to be fromjfawydd and beech trees were found nearby [ 1 924-26 CSFlS 69]. The site of Brynpywydd i.11 1 777 was a separate holding of land contair...ing four acres belonging to a Reverend Joh.� Corrie [ 1 777map CaPlletas-ganol] . If pywydd refers to a strean1, it must refer to the tributary of the river l\1wldan, wl-ich has its source adjoining Brynp;wydd. It rr.ay be an emulated name, though if so I have no idea where the original rr.ay lie (it may feasibly be connected to Penbrynbwa (4-b) noted Brynbt!l-vayth 1 326). It may be compared to By'tvi the tributary of the river Cuch in Cilrhedyn (Carms.), which can be compared to bywi 'earth..11uts, pignuts' [GPC s.v. byv1i] , though R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 29] favours an interpretation as a personal-name, another stream­ name that seew..s related to By�11i is Bov..ydd (FfestiPiog, !vfers.) formerly Bowi, B}ll1li accordi.>Jg to R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 28-29], both these could be cognate with CC.tn. Bouium (2x) [ 1 979 Pl\1FJ3: 273-74] (the 1 543 form Havod Vowydd (\Vort..henbu..], Flints.) noted by l\-1.R.ichards [ 1 959: 14] , \vho discerned a personal� name, may, in fact, be a garbled spelli."'lg of the f pn. 1Hoifudd, judging by the 1 559 form Hafod Vonyth [1959 E. Davies: 83]). In the case of Brynpywydd the provection of initial ( b] to [p] can be explained by a knO\vn feature of Dyfedeg cf pignen f- * bignen f- mignen, pynewyd f- bineHyd f- mynewyd, poddi u'go:x I. Jones, D. A . Hughes, vr:>ug o:t�xa I . Jones] Tir y Fron Goch 1 598 in 1 929 !. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Vrongoch 1 744 Coed..tnor JVIS 534, Frongoch OOS 1 8 1 4, Vrongoch 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Fron-goch OS 1 834, Frongoch 1 837PR Llangoedmor, Frongoch 1 83 8Tl\1S, Frongoch 1 83 9Th1S, Fron-goch-ucr..a£ 0 8 1 891 Fron-hill -(SN 221 -437)[y + bron + E. hill] ; [vr=>n'h!l, ad�mz'stri:t I . Jones] Fron-hill O S 1 89 1 , Adam St. OS 1 982 Y Gat -(8N 2 1 6-437)[y + gat] ; [a'g at I. Jones] Gate 1 84 1 cens. , Gate 1 904 J.Evans p.346, Y Gate 1 904 J.Evans p.347, Y�C-ftt 08 1 982, Avondale inf. I . Jones I have reason to believe that Y Gat refers to the gate that led to Coedmor mansion (some 2km to the w). The usual word for 'gate', in this area is iet, ga t being usually reserved for the 'turnpike gate'; see sub Trympeg-bach (3-a). �lli-wen -(8N 2 1 4-442)[y + celli + gwen] ; Gelliwen OS 1 982 A housing estate. Gilfach �(SN 201 -459)[y + cilfach] ; Gylfach-yr-onen ? 1 8 1 7PR Llangoedmor, Trevorgan-lodge ? 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Cylfach-yr-onen ? 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Gilfach yr Ardd ?? 1 821PR Ferwig, Gilfach 0 8 1 891 Glandwr(i) -(8N 1 97-46l )(Plas Llangoedmor)[glan + y + d'¥r] ; Landwr 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Gland\\rr 1 821PR Llangoedmor, Land\Vr 1 82 1 PR Aberteifi, Glan Dwr 1 838TMS, Landvvre 1 84 l cens. , Glan-d\�.Tf O S 1 891, Llandv.rr 1 906 AC p.74 Glandwr(ii) -(8N 1 92-456)(Llechryd)[glan + y + dv.'f] ; [glan'du:r I. Jones] Gland\Vr 1 863PR Llech.ryd, Glan-d"Wr 0 8 1 89 1 Glanolmarch -(SN 2 1 8-444)[glan + hn. Olmarch] ; [glan':llmarx, I . Jones] Glanolmarch c. 1 775 l\1anordeifi l\AS S p.9, (c816) Park Glanolrnarch 1 838TIA8, Glan-Olrnarch OS 1 89 1 Glanrhyd -(SN 237-479)[glan + rhyd] ; Glan-rhyd OS 1 89 1 Glanteifi(i) -(SN 1 91 -454)(Rhos-hul) [glan + hn . Teifi); Dan-traeth O S 1 834, Tan Trath 1 84 1 cens. , Glan-teifi OS 1 89 1 C f Ynys-y-moifa (3-b). Glanteifi(ii) -(8N 2 1 3-437)(Llech�ryd)[glan + hn. Teifi] ; [glan'tejvi I. Jones] Glanteifi (sign) C-og!wyd �(SN 209�46l ) [pn. *Coeglwyd ? ] ; Coyloyd 1 302-03rent n. 1 , Coygloyd 1 302-03rent ns.3-4, Goghvyd 1 765-66 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 67, Goghvyd 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Gogllwydd 1 838Tiv1S, Goglwjd 1 9 1 3 TS 28/1 1 / 1 3 , GOglwyd O S 1 982 A..s it stands this r1ame appears to mean 'grey cuckoo' (W. cog + llwyd), but this seems an unsuitable meaning, and a theoretical composite term such as *goglwyd ( f- go- + clwyd), with no analogies, is also unlikely. However, h'1 a rental of the L!angoedmor area htJ. 1 3 02-03 we come across payments from Coyloyd or Coygloyd. There can be no doubt of a connection between this medieval form and the present=day tn. Goghvyd. The medieval form represents Nftil\V. coeg!v.yd - an otherwise unattested composite adjective wr.ich I literally translate 'blind-grey'. It also seems that Coeglwyd was an epithet wbich acted as a personal-name since I found no other examples of place-names in the extensive lists of personal-names who paid rent in the rental of 1 302-03. Gopa -(8N 246-490)[y + copa] ; [k:>pa D. A. Hughes] cots 1 83 8Tl\1S Trerrmiil, Y Goppa 1 926 E.Evans p. l 8 C...opa-fad1 -(SN 247-490)[y + copa (+ bach)] ; [k�pa'va:x, kar'trevle D . A. Hughes] Cartre:fle OS 1 982 Gopa-fach's site was on Cartre.fle's present drive; Cartrefle b. 1 890s [inf. D. ,A,. Hughes] . Greenhill -(SN 1 97-448)[E. green + hill] ; [gri:n'hd I . Jones] GreeP�hill Farm 08 1 89 1 Gwaungiach -(SN 206-447)[gwaun + y + g1ach]; [wajn'gi·ax I. Jones] \Vaun Giach (sign) A housing estate. Frongoch-ucha

.

45

(3) IS-COED -(SN 205-461 ) [y + gwernlle (+ lhvyd)] ; [wclc'lujd S . Griffiths] Gwernlley 1 669/70 M.Fichardson MSS p. 295, G\verlley 1 723 M.Fichardson l\tf...SS p. 296, WerPJle\vith ? 1 728 Bromvydd �1S S, Gwerlle Lhvyd 1 773 Crosswood �1S S, G\velle Lhvyd 1 790 Cross\vood l\1SS, Gwithlhvyd 1 790 Crosswood l\1SS, \Velle Lwyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Gwer!le L\vyd 1 8 1 9PR L!angoedmor, \Velle­ lwyd OS 1 834, \Velie Llwyd, \Villellv.'Yd 1 838Th1S, \Velle-lhvyd OS1 891 The development of this name seems clear from the fonns collected above: gwernlle -+ g.verlle -+ g.velle. The llwyd 'grey' and f gwen 'white' of the following name are colour distinguishers, a type of distinguisher found more cow.monly in the toponymy of north-western Wales. The composite terms gwenllle and gweunlle, do not have appreciably different meanings from gwern/gwemdir or gwaun!gweundir; see Gweun!le (8�a), Gwenlli (2�a). Gwelle=wen -(SN 205-465)[y + gwernlle (+ gwen)] ; [wcle'wen S. Griffiths ] Gwayne y Dervocke 1 622 Nouadd MSS, �.veyne y Ddervock als. Gwemlle 1 622 Nouadd MSS, Gwern Lleythen ? 1 73 0 CD 9 1 , Gwern Lleythen ? 1 73 8 Crosswood l\1S S, Gwerllyv1en als. \Vellewen 1 743 Hav.\V\V MS 241 1 8, Gwerlle Wen 1 773 Cross\vood JV�S, Gt.vith Wen 1 790 Crosswood l\1SS, \Vellewen OOS 1 814, \Velle-wen 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Welle�wen OS1 834, \Vellewen, \Villy'vven l 83 8TMS Gwentland -(SN 229-45 1 )[E.tn. Gwentland] ; Gwentland OS 1 982 Gwemmedd -(SN 2 1 3-453) [gwern + y + medd] ; [gwern'me:t> S. Griffiths] Gwem y l\1edd 1 6 1 0/1 1 l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 5 1 , Gweme y l\1edd 1 697 Grismond Phillips l\.1SS, Gwern y Medd 1 747 Coedmor MS 53 5, Gwern Mace 1 760map E.Bowen, Gwem y Meath l 760CF, Tythyn y Wern ?? 1 764 MRichardson MSS p.438, Gwernmeath c. 1 795 Coed..111o r MS 546, Wernmeadd OOS 1 8 1 4, Gwernmedd 1 8 1 8PR Llangoedmor, \Vernmedd 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Gwern-medd OS1 834, Gtvvermymedd 1 838TlV�, \Varmedd 1 924-26 CSRLS 69 Gwemynad -(SN 226-467)[gwern + ynad] ; [warn'�nad T. S . �,1orris, warn'enad S. Griffiths, wern\1nad D. A. Hughes, wern'inad p. c. H. Ll. Humphreys] Pla[s] Gwern Yna[d] 1 585 EE\V MS S, Plasgwernynu' 1 585 F. Green ]\/IS S vol.25 p. 477, Gwern Ennene ?? 1 65 l rent, Gwern�ynad, Gwem,nnad 1 776map Lhvyngra\\')S, Gwemynad 1 772-73 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 70, Gwern-ynad 1 785PR Llandygw'f, Gwerninad c. 1 795 Coedmor l\.1S 546, \Vernunad OOS 1 814, Wernyn..ad 1 829PR Llangoedrnor, Gwern-unad O S 1 834, Gwernynad 1 83 8TMS, Werrurin..ad 1 84l cens. , Wern-unad OS 1 89 1 , Wernynad OS 1 904 Gwylfa -(SN 222-438)[gwylfa] ; [gwrlva I. Jones] Gv.'Ylfa OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891 =1 904 [OS1 891 ; OS1 904] . Gwynfryn -(SN 220-482)[gv·l)lfl + bryn] ; Gwynfryn O S 1 982 Hafod�fach �(SN 204-447)[hafod (+ bach)] ; [hav:ld'bn I. Jones] Hafod fach 1 83 1PR L�'1goedmor, Hafod-fiich OS 1 89 1 Hafodlwyd -(SN 201 -448)[hafod + llwyd] ; [hav:Jd'lujd I . Jones] Havodrhyd (sic nom.) 1 749 Coedmor lVlS 42, HavodhV';d 1 787 Coedmor l\AS 2 1 4, Havod Lh.V';d 1 79 1 Coedmor l\AS 49, Hafodllv.'Yd OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod�lhvyd OS1 834, Hafo d 1 859PR Llechryd, Hafod-lV.'Yd OS 1 89 1 Maybe named in opposition t o L"f.Jajodwen (3-a) (cf Gwelle�lwyd (3-a) and Gwelle-wen, 3-a), though we may note it is about lkm s of Tirllwyd (3-a). Hafodwen -(SN 202-43 1 ) [!mfod + gwen] ; [hav:Jd'wen I. Jones] Havodwen 1 749 Coedrnor �AS 42, Havodwen Farm 1 80 1 Coedmor M� 2 1 6, Hafodwen 1 803map J. Singer, Hafodwen OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod-wen OS 1 834, Hafodwen 1 839Tl\1S Helyg-fach -(SN 2 1 3 -446)[tn. Helyg-fach (5-a)] ; Helyg fach OS 1 982 The -fach is in opposition to Glanhelyg, see sub Ty-rhos(iii) (3�a). Hendy -(SN 200-458)[hen + ty] ; Hendy OS 1 891 Henefail - ( SN 244-484)[hen + gefail] ; [he·n'eve! D. A Hughes]

Gwelle�lw'Yd

46

(3) IS-COED Tir yr Eveil 1 6 1 0 Nouadd MS S, Yr-hen-efail cot e 1 83 8 TMS, 'Rhen Efail, i'r Hen Efail c. 1 8 80 J. Davies p. 1 3 , Hen-efail OS 1 8 9 1 Hengapel Llechryd -(SN 2 1 6-438)[hen + cape! + tn. Llechryd

(3-a)] ; [he:n'gapel inf , �,hre:n'gapel I . Jones]

Lower Chapel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 479, Indt. Chapel OS 1 89 1 , Llechf';d Old c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279, Capel Split c. 1 902 E.R. Horsfall-Turner p. l l , yng Nghapel isaf Llecr...ryd 1 926 TS 02/07/26, Llechryd 1 97 1 :M.E . James p. 1 6, Chapel OS 1 982

i) b. 1 672 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279); b. 1 700 [ 1 851 Rel 1 971 M. E. James: 16]. ii) reb. bet. 1 828-54 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 5 1 ] .

cens.:

479] ;

[c. l 902

b. 1 709

E. R

Horsfall-Turner: 279;

The oldest dissenting meeting-house i n the county, said t o have been built by l\1ajor \Vade, one o f Oliver Cromwell's troopers

[ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 26].

Hen-Goedmor -(SN 1 92-43 6)[(hen +) coed + ma\vr] ;

[(c) k�jdm:>r'gard�nz (prox.)

S . Griffiths]

Kastell Gevail Ynghoedmor ? c. 1 569 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt. 2 p. 897, Koedmor - Kastel! Kefail ? 1 540--77 Rep\VMSS vol. l pt. 2 p. 8 27, Koedmor, Y ,.astell Gefail ? 1 500¥z Rep.\VMS S vol. l pt. 2 p . 8 54, (c) Park Hen Coedmore 1 80 1 Coedmor MS 2 1 6, Castell Cevel 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 1 24, Old Coedmor 1 93 6 H. Owen vol. 4 p.495, Castell Gefail ? 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p. 495, Castell Cefail als. Gefail ? 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p . 495 The site of Hen-Goed111o r is somewhat uncertain, I P.ave given the site of the gardeP.s that were near Hen­

Goedmor.

H. M Vaughan

[ 1 926: 108]

gave the site of the old mansion as "nearly a mile to westward" -

which distance seerr1s to be ·wrong as this implies that .Hen-Goedmor was -

h'l the ·vicinity of J?}ws-hul (3-a) ...

though he elaborates: " however the fme walled gardens remain on their original site. " (the gardens

being only 500m away from the present Coedmor mansion). E. Phillimore [ 1 9 36 H. Owen: 4.495] also quoted H. l\1. Vaughan: "l\1r. Vaughan of Plas Llangoedmor infoflTl.s us that the present Coedmor House is about a mile higher up the Teifi than old Coedmor (where the gardeP.s are), and that between the two, in the woods overhanging the Teif1, is the remnant of a fortified place," . Since the name

Castellcefail

implies fortifications of sorts, the best site seerns to be one 700m 1'.frJW of the present Coedmor mansion, i..11 the same direction as - and near to - the walled gardens. H. M. Vaughan's "remnant of a fortified

place" is either at SN 1 93 -436 or SN 1 95-444, the latter '"!Ould agree with the implication that

Goedmor was in the area of Rhos-hul;

cf.

Gaer(ii) (1 4-b), Trecefail (33-a), hn. Cefail, Coedmor (3-a).

Hen­

The Holt -(SN 1 90-456)[£. the + holt] ; The Holt OS 1 982 Ietgoch -(SN 2 1 2-443) [iet + coch];

[jet'go:x,,

then s�ni'k�ted3, now majs�'hra:v I. Jones]

Tan-denv OS 1 89 1 Kyna.-t ce -(SN 202-450)[E.tn. Kynance (Com.)] ;

[kaj'nans I

Jones]

Kyn.ance O S 1 982

There are hvo examples of the Cornish toponym Kynance (Gwit..lria..11, Mullion)

[ 1 985 o. J. Padel: 275] .

Llandre -(SN 23 8-489) [tn. Llandre] ; Llandre OS 1 982 Llangoedmor -(SN 1 99-458)[1lan + tn. Coedmor

(3-a)] ;

Lancoynmar 1 26 8 Longleat M...S 624, (ec) Lancoytmaur >1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llycb.au, Langoyd.f!l.aur, Lanloidmar, Landlordman 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Lancoydmour 1 302-03rent n. 1 , Magot �.1ore ? 1 3 95/96 Nouadd �AS S , Llancoedma\.vr 1 40 1 ERSt-David p .2 1 6, Llancoytll'.aur 1 40 1 CalPR p. 22, Llancoydmor

VE p . 4 1 2, Llangoidmor h'1 >1 76 1 E.Yardley p. 396, Ll. Goedmor c. l 566EPC,

1 490 ERSt�David p. 5 80, Llangoidmore 1 53 5 VE p . 3 94, Llangoydmor 1 53 6 1 543

Nouadd l\.rlSS,

Llanguadmer

1 557

Llangoydmore 1 567 Nouadd MSS , Llangoedmore c. 1 600 L.Dwnn voL 1 p. 85, o Langoedmor c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 9, Llwyn Goed.tnor c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 3 , L!angoedmore 1 606 Prob. St-David, Llangadamaur 1 678 in 1 93 9 BBCS vol. 9 p. 80, Lhan Goedmor 1 722 E. Lhuyd col. 772, Llangoedmor 1 783PR Llandygv;y, Llangoed1nor 1 794PR Blaenporth, Llan Goedmor 1 799EPC, L!ancoed.111a\vr 1 803map J. Singer, Llangoedma\-vr 1 808 S . R l\.rleyrick p. l 76, Llangoedmore OOS 1 8 1 4 Dedicated t o Cynllo ab JMor ab Cenau ab Coel

[ 1 808 s. R 1\1eyrick: 1 20] ; Dyg;vill Gynllo ( 1 6 1 5 EM'NDS] . The Coedmor (3-a); see A1elingynllo (3-a), rm.

church was named after the large wood, whose name is kept in

Nant Pistyllcynllo. L!ech-y-gawres -(SN 23 5-454)[llech + y + cawTes] ;

47

(3) IS-COED Llechygawres 008 1 8 1 4, Llechau 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Lleche 1 8 1 7PR Llandygwy, Llechau Cav.'fence OS 1 834, Lleche cotts. , (c585) Park Lleche 1 838TMS

E of Cmtwes Cawres land as might be expected. Assuming the megalithic monument was nearer this place (and Pantguyn to have been a dismemberment of Cmvres) \Ve rnight \Vant to locate the megalithic monument near Pengambica (3-b), under which stood a field named (c573) Park y Meini [ 1 81 7sur map ] . The late appearance of the plural form llechau (see also sub Llech-y-gawres, 3-b) demonstrates that the defmite article was pronounced [c] in this area, so that Llech-y-gawres could not be distinguished from a homophone *Llechau-gawres. The end result beL.11g a plural form being falsely created h'1 the case of this name. LLECHRYD �(SN 2 1 6-43 8) [llech + rhyd] ; [iezrid I. Jones] ThJaghred 1 30 1 -02 AR_CWW p. 72, Leyed 1 3 02-.-Q3rent n.2, ThJagreth 1 3 04 in 1 936 MRhys p . 3 03 , Leyghtred 1 3 1 4 CalPR p. 99, Llechrede 1 53 5 VE p. 3 94, Lleghredd 1 5 5 0 Nouadd MSS, Llechryd 1 5 57 i n This place is named after the uncertainly located (3-a).

Llech-y-gawres (3-b),

and lies about 1 . 3l1 76 1 E. Yardley p. 3 96, Llechryd 1 56 1 Nouadd l\1S S , 'chapel' Llezerd 1 569 i n 1 93 7 E . ..a.... Le,vis,

Llechreide 1 5 8 1 Nouadd l\1S S, Llochred 1 584 Brom:vydd �.1S S , LlecP.red 1 58 5 Bronwydd MSS , Tyddyn Llec�ryd 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Tire Fagwre ym �..1hen y Pant Llecmyd 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O . Edwards p. 40, Leghrid 1 603 G Owen vol. l p. l 02, 'free chapel' Llecherid als. Leghred 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5 ) p. 96, Llechered 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5 ) p. 96, Penpont Llechrid l ?ilicent. in 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 3 9 1 , Lhechrhyd c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 79, Llechrhyd als. Llechryd 1 803rnap J. Singer, 'chapeLry' Lleduyd 1 804PR Aberporth, Llech Rhyd 1 8 1 1 N. Car!isle s . v. Llech

Rhyd,

Lluryd 1 8 1 3

G.Nicholson p. 9, Llechrhyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Llechrhyd OS 1 834, Llechrhyd, Llechryd ucha 1 83 9TM:S , Llechrhyd (Llechryd) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 edn) vo1. 2 p. l 7 1 , Llechryd OS 1 89 1 The o f the 1 569 form i s likely t o stand for , which was a medieval English notation for [y , (fourteenth and frfteent.h century eY.amples being

[ 1 924

RC: 4 1 .236-37] ;

Y Ryd Goz ar Ieithon

(Rads. )

vz

for

verch

'daughter' a.11d

[ 1 484> Peniarth J\1S

53:

Ryddz

for pP�

z] Rhydderch

1 0]). Below the bridge there were

stepping stones, Cromv.rell is said to have crossed here. Stones show themselves every so often sum.mers

[inf I. Jones ] .

h'1 dry

Comprising: 1) Brynbedw, 2) Bryngobaitb.., 3) Brynmeilo, 4) Capel-newydd Llech.ryd, 5) Carpenters, 6) Crud-yr-awel, 7) Eg!wys­ fach, 8) Yr Eglwys-newydd, 9) Ficrej(ii), 1 0) Ietgoch, 1 1 ) Llwynadda, 1 2) Loj(i), 1 3) Maes-y-deri, 1 4) M_aeshelyg, 1 5) Maes-y-llan, 1 6) Melin L!eclnyd, 1 7) Nantczymanau, 1 8) Llety-dderwen, 1 9) Penperci-isa, 20) Penperci-ucb..a, 2 1 ) Presely View, 22) Tabemad, 23) TY-ddetwen,

LLECHRYD-ISA

24) Teifi-seid, 25) TY-rhos(ii)

�(SN 2 1 3�43 7)[llech + rhyd (+ isaf)];

[leznd'iJa S. Griffiths, iezrid'i·Ja I. Jones]

Llechrhyd issa OOS 1 8 1 4, Llechrhyd isaf O S 1 834, Llechryd issa 1 833PR Llechryd, Llechrhyd issa 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 edn) vol. 2 p. 1 7 1 , Llechrid issa 1 83 9TMS, Llec.hryd-isaf OS 1 89 1 Comprising: 1 ) Myrtle!>ill, 2 ) Bronon.ven, 3) Edgehill, 4 ) Gla..11tei:fi.

L!ety�ddenven

-(SN 2 1 1 -443)[lle�; + yr + derwen] ;

[ieti '6erwen, once hehg 'k:>ted3 I. Jones]

Lletterdenven 1 839Tiv1S Cf

Llwynadda

Tanddenven

(3-a),

Ty�ddenven (3-a).

-(SN 2 1 4-430)[llwyn + pn. Addaf] ;

[iujn'a()a I. Jones]

ar war Lloynatha 1 5 5 0 Nouadd �AS S, Tyr Atha ? 1 574 Coedmor l\1S 283, Lloynadda 1 5 8 1 Nouadd �y1S S , Llwynathan, Llwynadda 1 749 Coedmor MS 42, (c) Park Llwyn l\._tha 1 779 l\1. Richardson �AS S p.449, (c) Parklh.;vynadda ma\.vr + bach 1 790 Coedmor M.-8 234, Llwyn-adda 1 834PR Llangoedmor, Capel Llwyn-adda (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Capel Adda 1 983 D. Jenkins p. l 3 b. 1 709 (sic?) [c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tu.rner: 277] ; b. 1 79 1 cens. : 479; 1 987 B.

J. Rawlins:

1 5 1 ; sign] ;

[ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 479; 1 983 D . JepJcins: J. Rawlins: 1 5 1 ] ; denom. Cl\1.

1 3] ;

reb. 1 829 [ 1 85 1 Rel

rest. 1 878 [ 1 987 B.

=(SN 246-489)[11\vyn + y + bryn] ;

Llwyn-y=br"fll

Llvvyn-y-bryn OS 1 982

L!wyndenven

-(SN 200-450) [llwyn + denven] ;

[iujn'derwen I. Jones]

Lh.vyn Derwen OS 1 982 To have the singular form of a tree name follo·wing llwyn is unusual, and is a pointer that this is a recent house.

L!wynffynnon

-(SN 225-456) [ lh;vyn + y + flYnnon] ;

LhvynfF;nnon 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Llvl';n-ffynon OS 1 89 1 , Llwynff';non 1 924-25 CSRLS 5 See Cawres (3-a). Lhvyngrawys -(SN 2 1 8-460)(llwyn + y + n.

Cra'vvys] ;

48

(3) IS-COED Llv.ygrawis 1 725 Coedmor MS 2,462, Lhvynygrewis 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3, Llwyn y Gravvys, Llwyn y Ga\vys 1 750 Ty-llwyd MSS, Lhvyn-y-gra\vys 1 776map Lhvyngra\vys, Lhvynygrawis 1 776PR Llangoedmor, Lhvyn y Gra,vys 1 803 map J. Singer, Llwynygrowis OOS 1 814, Llwyngrowis 1 820PR Llandygwy, Lhvyngrav•1is 1 821PR L1angoedmor, Lhvynygrawis 1 838TMS, Llwyngrav.')'s OS 1 891 Though the form of 1 747 might lead one to believe so, the adjective greuys '(belongi..rtg to) a stud' (from gre 'stud (of horses)') is unlikely to be the element involved, as all the fom1s, including the earliest point to the term being Crmvys 'Lent'. This place�name may have some connection to the ruined chapel at Pare-cape! (SN 224-462), park'kapd [inf s. Griffith s], (c749) Park Cappel [ 1 838TiviS] . 1\11. Richards [ 1 959 BBCS: 18.180; 1 960 BBCS: 18.378] has shovm that the place named Pwll-y-grawys near Denbigh was a fish­ pool where, in medieval times, fish were stocked for the festival of Lent, cf another (c) Pwlly Gra»ys near the church of Llandingad (Canns.) [ 1 7 1 7118 D.T.M.Jones MSS: 4.509], where we can assume a similar practice; cf Penllwynynyd als. Penllwyn (32-a). Llwyngrawys is not a derived from Llwyn�=gmvres as was supposed by 0. Jones [ 1 875 in 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 67] . Llysawei -(SN 207-446)[llys + a-v•Jel] ; Llys Awel OS 1 982 Llys�y"wem -(SN 207-446)[1lys + tn. Gv.rem[medd] (3-a)] ; Llys-y-wern OS 1 982 Loj(i) -(SN 2 14-44 1 )(Glanolrnarch) [E. lodge] ; Lodge OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891 - 1 904 (OS1 891 ; OS1904). Loj(ii) -(SN 202=450)(Nouaddwilym)[E. lodge] ; Lodge OS 1 89 1 Logyn-fach -(SN 228-466)[halogyn (+ bach)] ; (c) Parke y Rhose Loron.1 ? 1 626 Bromx.')'dd MSS, (c) Park y Rhos Lororn ? 1 628 Bromx.')'dd l\1SS, Login c. 1 775 Manordeifi 1\tiSS p. 8, Loggi..'l.�fach 1 821PR Llangoedmor, Park Logi..rt fach cott. 1 83 8TMS Probably refers to the stream tr..at joined the river Ffrydmor at Dy.ffryn (3-a). The =fach was in opposition to the unlocated Logyn, which adjoined Ty-n{!}vydd (3-a), which, though less than lkm away, must have referred to another stream; cf Fjoslogyn (48-a). Y Longoed -(SN 204-458)[y + 16n + coed] ; Y Lon Goed OS 1 982 Maerdy -(SN 229�45 1 )[tn. Maerdy]; Mardy OS 1 982 Maes-y-deri -(SN 21 5-44l)[maes + y + deri]; Maesyderi OS 1 982 A housing estate. Maeshelyg -(SN 2l l -443)[maes + tn. (Glan]helyg (3-a)]; Maeshelyg OS 1 982 A housing estate; for Glanhelyg, see sub Ty-rhos(iii) (3-a). Maes�y-Dan -(SN 21 5�440)[maes + y + Han] ; :Maesyllan OS 1982 A housing estate. Maesllyn -(SN 227-482) [maes + y + ll)rn]; :Maeslyn OS 1 982 Mar�a=Don -(SN 23 �48 ) [f.pn. lVfar[garet] + a + pn. Don[ald] ] ; [mara d :m D. A . Hughes] M...arendon OS 1 982 Meilston(i) -(SN 222-437)(Llecb.ryd)[E. mile + stone]; [majlsbn I. Jones, majlston S. Griffiths] l\1ilestone Cottage OS 1 89 1 , ·Milestone OS 1 904, Frondeg OS 1 982 Refers to the third :rnilestone from Abertei.fi (1-a) [inf I. Jones] . Melin B!aenpisty!l -(SN 232-476)[melitJ. + tn. Blaenpistyll (3-a)]; [ma.T'velm (desc.), velm,blajn'p:rstd S . Griffiths, ve!i,blajn'piStrl- ( id.) D. A Hughes] �Aelin Blaen Pistyll OS1 834, Blaenpistill �.1ill l 838Tiv'1S, �.1elin Blaen-pistyll (Corn) OS 1 891 Me!i.-tgynllo -(SN 1 99-463)[melin + pn. CyrJlo]; [velm'g �n�� S . Griffiths] Crigmor Mills 1 699 in c. l 702 Ty-llwyd MS 302, Cunllo M...ill 1 7 1 2 Ty-lh\'Yd MSS, Gund Mill 1 720 Bromx.')'dd l\1SS, l\1elin GuPllo 1 792 Hav.\\TW l\1S 24 1 1 9, Felincynllo OOS 1 8 14, Felin-g)TJ!o 1 826PR '

49

.

(3) IS-COED Llangoedmor, Velingunllo 1 83 1 Nantgv.yllt MSS 2/41 5, Felin-cynllo OS 1 834, Felin Cunllo 1 838TMS , Cenlo Mi11 1 841 cens., Felin-gynllo OS 1 891 , Feli.ngunJlo O S 1 982 "The mill in the parish of Langoidmore was built by .Cott. Lev·Jis on ye \vall belonging to the manor of Yskoed �.1ortimer purchased by s . r John Lewis of Rm.vland J\1ortimer 1 4 Jac" [1 699 in c.1702 TY-lhvyd l\1S 302] . l'-.1elingynllo, 1L.�e l'-.1elinbedr (2�a), is the name of a mill containL."'lg the name of the patron saint of the parish. There is a hydronym 17\fant Pisty!lcynllo in the parish, but it does not seem to be an old name, and neither does it run past Afelingynllo. Melin Llechryd -(SN 2 1 8-437) [melin + tn. Llechryd (3-a)] ; Bechered als. Llechered J\1yll 1 560 Coedmor �AS 224, Penyfelin fach, Y Felin fa\\rr (prox.) 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.40, Llecluyd J\1ill 1 641 Nouadd �..1SS, 'water com grist rnill' Llechryd �..1ill 1 71 4 Coedmor :M S 3 5 , �...1ilL Llechryd Mill Farm 1 839TMS Me!itt Nantllan -(SN 240-481 )[melin + tn. Nantllan (3-a)] ; Nantllan J\1ill 1 838TMS, Melin Nantllan 1 924-25 CSFLS 5 Melin Penrallt -(SN 221 -443)[melin + tn. Penrallt (3�a)]; [i.T've!m, ve!m,pen 'raH I. Jones] Penrallt=y=felin, Penrallt y Felyn 1 836PR Llech.•·yd, Penrallt �..1ill 1 83 8Th1S, Felin Pen-:yrr-allt (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Pen'rallt-y-feli.ll 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p.27, MJll 0Sc. 1 950 Milestone(ii) -(SN 2 1 8-48 1 )(Penparc)[E. wile stone] ; [majlsto:n D. A. Hughes] J\1i!estone OS 1 904 Moelfre -(SN 2 1 4-462)[tn. l\1oelfre]; (c277) Park Lleine Heirion 1 83 8TM.-S, Moelfre 1 924-26 CSRLS 69, Moelfre OS 1 982 b. bet. 1 904-26 [ OS1 904; 1 924-26 CSF..LS 69] . David Le\.vis of Malvern Hall owned Gwernmedd (3-a) in the eighteenth century [1 760CF], which might - feasibly - explain the choice of the name lY!oe�fre (ir1 1 83 8 a Thomas Lewis owned Gwemmedd, Gwemynad and a number of other farms in the parish, wl-t.i!st a \Villiam Heruy Lewis ovmed Llwyngrawys (3-a) \vhich included the site ofJ..1oe!fre [ 1 838TiviS] ) . Myrtlehill -(SN 2 1 3-43 8)[E. myrtle + hill] ; [martJ'h!l I. Jones] Myrtle Hill 1 823PR Aberteifi, Myrtle-hill 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 88, Myrtle Hill O S 1 834, Myrtle Hill, Myrtle Hill House 1 839Th1S Na."ltcrymanau =(SN 209-444)[nant + y + crymanau] ; [nantkld'mane I. Jones] Tir Nant y Crefand 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Nantycryrnane 1 747 Coedmor MS 23 5, Hooks Brook 1 749 Coed..mor MS 42, Nanty Crinnane 1 765 Coedmor MS 23 6, 'river called' Nantycrumane 1 782 Coedmor �AS 253, Hooksbrook als. Nantyfriman 1 791 Coedmor J\1S 49, Nantcri.rnane 008 1 8 1 4, Nant­ y-crumany OS 1 834, Nanteri.T.ane 1 838TMS, Nant CrerP.ain 1 839TIAS, Nant-CPjlllanau O S 1 904 Tl>js doubtlessly refers to the stream that enters the river Teifi at Llechryd�isa (3-a), its course rougrJy delineates the shape of a sickle (\V. cryman ), but the plural form cr>ymanau attested in the name appears to dispel such an allusion; cf dail-y-cryman [inf I. Jones] . Nant-y-gof -(SN 203 -45 8) [P.ant + y + gof] ; Nant y Gof 1 583 Grismond Pl-t.i!lips, Nant y Gove 1 585 Grismond Phillips MS S, Tyr Blaen y Gove (prox.) 1 650 Ty�llv.yd MSS, Nantygoge 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedmor, Nantygog 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Nant­ y-go' 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Nantygof 1 83 8TI...1S , Nant-y-gof 0 S l 891 This name may either be the older name of Nant Pistyllcynllo (d), or it refers to the larger stream (SN 1 946/2 1 -47) into which Nant Pistyllcynllo feeds, and which is a tributary of Nant Rhy4fiJ.Wch. Nantllan -(SN 240-483)[nant + y + llan] ; Nant y Llan 1 6 1 0 Nouadd J\1SS, Nantllan 1 760CF, LlorJlan (sic nom.) 1 765PR Tremain, Nanty11an 1 772PR Tremain, Nantllan OOS 1 8 14, Nant�y�llan OS 1 834 ·Refers to the church at Tremain (3-a). NouaddwTJym -(SN 203-449)[neuadd + pn. Gwilym] ; [n:>jab'wihm ! . Jones] Noyadd Gvlilym 1 803map J. Si."'lger, Noyadd William OOS 1 8 1 4, Noyadd ? 1 82 1 PR Aberteifi, Noyaddwilim 1 8 1 8PR Llechryd, Neuadd \lfilym O S 1 834, Noyadd \Villim 1 83 8TMS, Noyaddwillam 1 84 l cens., Neuadd-wilym OS 1 89 1 , Caermaria 1 907 on S4C 1 5/06/96, Noyaddwilym 0Sc. l 950, Caemaria 1 990 W.J.Lewis p.43 In 1 904 mon.ks from Brittany bought Nouaddwilym and converted it i.11to the commuPity of Caermaria, the monastery closed with the \Var of 1 91 4-1 8 [1 990 \V. J. Lewis: 43] . The name Caennaria is a semi­ traP.s1ation h"lto \Velsh of the French form of a Breton place..name Kervaria (F. Kermaria) meaning 'settlement of �..1ari (E. StMary)'.

50

(3) IS-COED Pant-y-bv.rtler �(SN 2 1 8-464)[pant + y + b'vvtler] ; Pant y Buttler 1 697 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant y Butler 1 725 Coedmor MS 2462, Pantybwtler c. 1 775 Manordeifi MSS p. 8, Pantybwtler 1 8 1 9PR LlangoecLrnor, Pant-y-bwtler OS 1 834, Panty Butler 1 838TIAS, Pant-y-butler OS 1 89 1 There was a Butler family from Johnston, near Haverford, wJ:.jch O\.vned land in Bayvil (Pembs.) in the late sixteenth century [1 992 PN Pembs: 32]. Pa..11tdwr -(SN 2 1 3-437)[pant + y + dW!-]; [pant'du:r, pant'u:r I. Jones] inf Pantgwybedig �(SN 220�430)[pant + gwybedig]; [glan'arb�9 T. S. Morris] Pantyg'v\ybedig 1 744 Coedrnor MS 534, Pantgwibedig 1 827PR Llech.]d, Pantgobedig 1 839Tl\1S , Glanarberth 1 868 B.Williaw.s p. l 09, Glan-arberth OS 1 89 1 , Plas Glan A.rberth 1 896 (J.Rhys) Cymru vol. 1 1 p. 1 52 Judgi.'1g by the change of r1ame, a IP.aP..sion seeiP..s to have been built here bet. l 839-68 [ 1 839Th1S; OS1 891 ] , cf Parc[pvningod (3=a). The connotations o f Pantglvybedig were not compli.'llentary, and by choosi.'1g the more pleasing Glanarberth, devised a false name for the river suggested by Pont R.hydarberth (3-a) - the river's original name being .�.Hfrydmor (d). The reduced form Pantgobedig of 1 839 is identical to Gobedig (SN 25-28, Cenarth, Carms.), Tythen Gobedig ycha [1 592 M. Richardson MSS: 41 9] , the reduction of gwy- � go­ being found in Middle ''-'elsh, e.g. gwelygordd � golygordd [GPC s.v. gwelygordd], and the hypercorrect gH-ybennydd [ c. l 600 Egerton MS 2586: 79] for gobennydd; see Dolgwybedig (60-a). Pailt=y=�-..lryddyl -(SN 222=44 3)[pant + y + gwyddel] ; Cawrence issa als. Ffynnon y Gv.y'thill 1 764 l\.1.Richardson �v1SS p.43 8, Pantygwithil OOS 1 81 4, Pantygwiddell l 83 8TMS See Cawres (3-a). Pantg\vyn -(SN 239-460)[pant + gvvyn]; [pag'kwm (pla:s + farm) T. S. �Aorris] Pantgwyn OOS 1 81 4, Pantgv.ynn 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedrnor, Pant-gvvyn OS 1 834, Pant Gwin 1 83 8T�..1S, Pantgwyn Farm + Pantgwyn OS 1 89 1 Pant-teg(i) -(SN 1 92-456)(Glanteifi)[pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS1 89 1 Pant=teg(ii) =(SN 2 1 9-443)(l\1elin Penrallt)[pant + teg]; [pan'te:g I . Jones] Pantteg 1 862PR Llechryd, Pant-teg OS 1 904 Parcau -(SN 234-476)[parciau] ; [parke S. Griffiths] Y Park bach ?? 1 6 1 0 Nouadd J\1SS, Parke 1 795PR Llangoedmor, Parcau p_ m OOS 1 81 4, Parcau OS 1 834, Parke 1 83 8Tiv1S, Parciau OS 1 89 1 , Parcau OS 1 904 Parc:ffesant -(SN 201 -442)[parc + y + ffesant]; [parka'fe-sant I. Jones, park�'fesant S. Griffiths] Park y Pheasant 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Park-y-pheasant O S 1 834, Park Pheasant 1 839TI\1S, Farc-y­ pheasant OS 1 891 Parc=y=gors -(SN 228-481 )[parc + y + cors]; [park�'g::>rs S. Griffit hs] Pare y Gors 1 803tnap J.Singer, Ty Hen cott. 1 838TMS, Parc-y-gors OS 1 89 1 Parcgwningod -(SN 220-44 1 )[parc + y + gwningod]; [parkgun'Ig;,d inf. , parkun'Ig:>d I . Jones] Parkgv.reringod 1 760CF, Park GwePingod 1 799map Cawres, Parcweinhingod OOS 1 81 4, Parc-y= cvvn:ingod 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Pare Gv-vyningod OS1 834, Park Cwnhingoed 1 83 8Tiv1S, �v1ill Farm, Park Cwmingod 1 83 9TMS, ParkgwiPingod uch.a + isa 1 84 1 cens., ParkwyP.ingod 1 849PR Cilgerran in 1 992 PN Pembs. p.363, Parc-y-g'.vningod OS 1 89 1 , Glanarberth Farm OS 1 904 Parc!!wyd -(SN 206-446)[parc + lhV';d]; [pa:rk'iujd I. Jones] Park Llwyd 1 697 Cwrt-mawr �ASS, (cs) Park ]\.1aynor Llvvyd + Park y Bulle ?? 1 71 4 Coedmor MSS, Park Lhvyd 1 725 Coedmor MS 2462, Smithy OS1 89 1 , Parc-lh'Vyd OS 1 904, Parclhvyd OS 1 982 It is near Hojodlwyd (3-a), but appears to be an idependent name. Parctincer -(SN 230-458)[parc + y + tincer]; [pant'I!Jker I. Jones] (cl ) Park y Ti11ker 1 799map Cawres, Park-y-tinker 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Park=y-timber (sic) OS 1 834, (c583) Park Dan Ti.'lker, (c722) Park y Tinker 1 83 8TI...1S, Parc-y-tinker OS1 89 1 , Parktinker OS 1 904, PantiP.ker 0Sc. 1 950 It is not far below a \\rild moory spot (see Pengarnbica, 3-b) of the type favoured by itinerant tinkers. Penalltaeddfed -(SN 230-442)[pen + alit + lm. Aeddfed] ; [peraH'ejved T. S . J\1orris]

51

(3) IS-COED Penallt Eythved 1 55 5 Nouadd MS 27, Penallt D. Uddfyd c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 36, Penalltived c. 1795 Coedmor MS 546, Penallteived 1 799map Cawres, Penyrallteifed OOS 1 8 14, Penallteiddfed 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Pen-yr-allt-iefed OS 1 834, Penalltyfed 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt-iefed OS 1 89 1 , Penyrallteifed OS 1 904 Penrallt-ganoi -(SN 221 -448)[pen + yr + alit (+ canol)]; Penyrallt ganol 1 676 F. C.Winchester (Hove) MSS, Tir-Penyrallt ganol 1688 F.C.Winchester (Hove) MSS, Penrallt ganol 1 838TMS Penrallt House -(SN 221 -442)[tn. Penrallt + E. house] ; [pen,rait'haws I. Jones] Cwmhuigoed 1 83 8TMS, Penrallt House OS 1 982 See Parcgwningod (3-a). Penrallt-isa -(SN 220-447)[pen + yr + allt (+ isaf)] ; [pen,raH'i·Ja I. Jones] Penrallt issa 1 760CF, Penallt issa c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Penallt issa 1 796PR Llangoedmor, Penyrallt issa OOS 1 8 14, Perallt-yssa 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt-yssa 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Pen-yr-allt-isaf OS 1 834 Penrallt-ucha -(SN 221 -450) [pen + yr + allt]; [pen,ralt'ax,a I. Jones] Penneralt 1 578map C. Saxton, Plas Pen yr Alit als. Llety y Fidelon Wyre 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.40, Pen yr Allt 1 760map E.Bowen, Penyrallt 1 764 MRichardson MSS p.438, Penyrallt 1 795PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt ycha c. I 795 Coedmor MS 546, Pen yr Alit 1 803map J. Singer, Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen'-rallt OS1 834, Pen'rallt 1 83 1 PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt ucha 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Pen'r-allt-uchaf 0Sc. 1 950 Does the form of 1 598 represent Llety y F.fyddlon Wyr 'the shack of the faithful grandson'? If so it was possibly an ironic jocular reference to the place which was otherwise deemed a plas 'mansion', and it was perhaps the particular grandson (mentioned in this alias) who received the main inheritance, to the detriment of the other possible heirs (leading to this unique alias). Pen-y-cnwc -(SN 207-444)[pen + y + cnwc] ; Penn y Cnwc 1 83 9TMS Pencoed -(SN 204-439)[pen + y + coed]; [pen'k�·jd I. Jones} Johannes Pencoyt ? 1 268 Longleat MS 624, Pencoed 1 839TMS, Pencoed 1 84l cens. Pencraig(i) -(SN 1 97-46 1 )(Plas Llangoedmor)[pen + craig] ; Pencraig c. l 800map Crugmor, Pencraig 1 8 1 9PR L1angoedmor, Pencraig OS 1 834, Pencraig 1 83 8TMS Pencraig(ii) -(SN 21 7-439)(Llechryd)[pen + craig] ; [peJJkrajg I. Jones, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. 1 14] Pencraig c. l 775 Manordeifi MSS p. 9, Pencraig OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-craig OS 1 834, Pencraig 1 83 1PR Llechryd, Pencraig 1 83 9TMS Pencraig Lodge -(SN 21 7-438)(tn. Pencraig(ii) (3-a) + E. lodge]; [peukrajg'l�d3 I. Jones] Lodge OS 1 89 1 , Pencraig Lodge OS 1 982 Penffordd(i) -(SN 229-450)(Cawres)[pen + y + ffordd] ; Pen-ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Pen-ffordd OS 1 950, Teg-fan OS 1 982 Penffordd(ii) -(SN 226-485)(Tremain)[pen + y + ffordd] ; Penffordd 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Pen-ffordd OS 1 891 Penffynnon -(SN 2 1 7-48 1 )[pen + y + ffynnonL [pen'fan�n L. Williams, D. A Hughes] Pen-ffynnon OS 1 904 Penfoudr -(SN 227-484)[pen + y + beudr] ; Penfoydir OOS 1 8 14, Pen-y-foidir OS 1 834 Pengnocell-isa -(SN 209-478)[pen + y + cnocell (+ isaf)]; Pen-uchel-isaf (sic) OS 1 89 1 Pengnocell-ucha -(SN 21 0-470)[pen + y + cnocell (+ uchaf)]; Penygnocell 1 83 5PR Llangoedmor, Penygnocell 1 84 1 cens., Pen-uchel-uchaf (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-gnocell OS 1 904, Pencnocell 1 924-26 CSRLS 69 Existent [ 1 838TMS]. A common meaning of cnocell is 'woodpecker', but there also exists ka:l'kn�kcl 'receiving a shock' (Beulah, Brees.) [inf W. Protheroe], neither seems suitable for this place-name. There is however a word cnocell 'hillock', attested in 1 722 (GPC s.v. cnocell2] . This appears to be a derivative in -ell of cnwc (cf traethell, priddell), in which case one would expect *cnycell (and a pronunciation *kn1kcl or *knokcl), but it appears that the feminine gender imposed by the derivative suffix -ell, may have changed the expected vowel to , which vowel in Welsh is associated with the feminine gender. There 52

(3) IS-COED are other names vvhich seem identical to this one, though they all suggest

cnocell rather than any form of *cnycell, e. g. (c270) Park Cnockell (SN 2 1 4-466, Llv.yngrmJ,yS land, 3-a) ( 1 838TM:S] ; Cnocell (unloc., l\1anordeifi) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 3 9 1 ] ; Gnochell Gran 1 68 8 (unloc., Lla..r1ddewi Velfrey) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 52 1 ] . Pengraig -(SN 223 -46 l ) [pen + y + craig] ; [peu'grajg S . Griffiths] Penygraig 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Tyr Pen y Graig 1 838Tl\1S, Pencraig OS 1 89 1

Penlan Llechryd -(SN 207-432)[pen + y + glan + tn.

Llechryd (3-a)] ;

[pen'lan I.

Jones]

Penylan 1 749 Coedmor MS 42, Penlan Llechryd 1 783 Coedmor MS 23 9, Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 4, PePJan OS 1 834, Penlan 1 83 9TMS

Penlan \Vhite -(SN 243-468) [pen + y + glan + E. sn.

\Vhite] ;

PerJanysticle 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-lan-vvhite OS 1 89 1 , PerJan-\Vhite 1 924-25 C SRLS 5 T. J. & P. Morgan [ 1 985: 1 7] note a very few examples of the surname Gwyn translated into Whyte in Tudor times. There

Pen!lain (i)

is no a priori reason hmvever to believe this is the case here.

-(SN 2 1 2-479)(Penparc) [pen + y + llain] ;

Penllain 1 822PR Fervvig, PerJlain 1 824PR Llangoedmor, Pen-llaL.'1 (P.H. ) O S 1 89 1 , Pen-llain 0Sc. 1 95 0

Penllain (ii)

-(SN 240-499)(Blaefl..an..l1erch)[pen + y + llain] ;

Smithy 1 83 8Tl\if _.S Tremain, Pen-llain O S 1 89 1

Penmain

-(SN 247-472) [pen + y + main] ;

[pem'ejn I.

Davies,

pen'mejn D . A . Hughes]

Llain y Meyn Ciffrivol 1 75 0 Nouadd MSS, Llain y J\1ein Cyfrifo l 1 80 5 Nouadd J\1SS, Llain Ymeyn Ciffrivol 'formerly part of Blaenwennen' 1 822 Nouadd MSS , Llainymeyn Ceffrivol 1 83 0> Nouadd MSS , Pen-wine O S 1 834, Pemnane 1 83 8TMS, Penymine 1 84 1 cens . , Pen-maen O S 1 891 , (pn.) Shoni Penw.ain. 1 922 TS 28/07/22, Pen-mein (rhymes with

brein) 1 989 R Jones p. 92 main in Penmain refers to the unlocated L".1eini-cyfrifol: J!Aeineu Kyvrivol, ldeini Kyvrivo! [ 1 722 E. Lhuyd: 773], Meini Cyvriol [ 1 808 s . R Meyrick: 1 79] . These were runeteen stones, lying confusedly on the

The

ground, only tvvo pitched on their ends, called 'numerary stones' "by the villgar, who cannot easily

E. Lhuyd: 773 ] ; a stone circle [ 1 808 s. R Meyriek: 1 79 ] . Some 400m along the road to Nouadd Tre1awr stood Penlon(i) (4-a) als. Parcmain, w]1ich w..ay be connected. But the _Meineu Hirion near Nouadd Tre-fauw (4-a) [ 1722 E. Lhuyd: 773], located by C. S. Briggs [ 1 982 CER: 9.265] at 1 . 3 km distance at the fork i.fl the road just above Nouadd Tre-fawr (4-a), at SN 258-463, seew.s rather far to lm.ve any connection with Penmain. Penmorfa -(SN 1 89-459)[pen + y + morfa] ; (c) Penmorfa 1 860 M.Richardson MS S p. 320, Pen-morfa OS 1 89 1 C f Ynys-y-moifa (3-b). Penparc -(SN 2 1 4�479)[pen + y + pare]; [pen'park L. \Villiams, S. Griffiths] number them;" [ 1 722

Penypark 1 760CF, Pen y Pare 1 803map J. S inger, Penparc OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-parc OS 1 834, Penpark 1 837PR Llangoedmor, Penpark 1 83 8TMS, 'cott. + smithy' Penpark 1 869 M.Fjc]1.ardson MSS p. 326, Penparc Farm OS 1 982

Penperci-isa -(SN 2 l l -443)[pen + y + perci (+ isaf) ] ; [pen,perki'i·Ja I.

Jones]

Pen=perci O S 1 904, Penpera O S 1 982

Penperci-ucha -(SN 2 1 0-444)[pen + y + perci (+ uchaf)] ; [pen,perki'axa I.

Jones]

Penpera Villas OS 1 982

Penrhiw Cwm Tirllwyd

-(SN 1 95-454)[pen + y + rhiw + tn.

Cwm Tirlhvyd (3�a)];

Pen-rhiw-cv..m-ty-llvvyd O S 1 89 1 , Penrl1iw OS 1 982

Penrhiw-isa - (SN 2 1 9-440)[pen + y + rhiw (+ isaf) ] ; [pennw'i·Ja I.

Jones]

Pen-r!tiw OS I 89 1 , Penrhiw isaf 0S l 904

Penrhiw=ucha =(SN 2 1 9-44 l ) [pen + y + rhiw (+ uchaf)] ; [penrnv'�xa I.

Jones]

Pen-r]1iw-uchaf OS 1 89 1

Penwac -(SN 2 1 9-444)[pen + y + wac] ; [pen'wa:k I.

Jones]

Penywal� 1 828PR Llangoedmor, Penyv;alk 1 84 l cens. , Pen�walk OS 1 89 1

Plas Llangoedmor -(SN

1 96-459)[plas + tn. Llangoedmor (3-a)] ;

Place a Their l7:1bel Vec]1..an ? 1 578 Nouadd MS S , Tir y Plas 1 669/70 M.Fich..ardson MSS p.295, Tir y Place 1 723 M Richardson MS S p. 296, Tyr y Place 1 730 CD 9 1 , T\vyr y Place als. Plas Llangoedmore als. Llangoedmore Place 1 786 1\1. Richardson 1\1SS p. 3 02, Llangoedmav.lf Place 1 808 S . R l\1eyrick p. l 22, Llangoedmore Place 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Llangoedmore O S 1 8 1 4, Llangoedmore Place 1 83 8T1v1S,

53

(3) IS�COED Plas Llangoedmor, 'whose beautiful name has been foolisrJy anglicized into' Llangoedmor Place 1 926 H.M. Vaughan p. 7, Plas Llangoedmor OS 1 982 Present edifice b. l 760 [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 22]; a handsome mansion, built by John Lloyd, esq. , of Plymouth [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2.41]. Plasmoud'''Y -(SN 201 �438)[plas + y + meudv.y]; Placeymoidw 1 79 1 Coedmor l\1S 49, 'cott. ' Placemeydw 1 80 1 Coedmor �AS 2 1 6, Plasmoidw 1 83 0PR Llectuyd, Plasymoidw 1 834PR Llechryd, Plas J\1oiddw, Plas Moiddu 1 83 9TIAS, Plas-moedu OS 1 89 1 , Plas-y-meudwy OS ! 904 Recently built house [ 1 791 Coedmor MS 49]; t"Pis is doubtlessly a jocular name referring to its remoteness. Pont Rhydarberth �(SN 232�458)[pont + tn. Rhydarberth]; [p:mthrid'arbere I. Jones] Reedar.reth 1 567 Nouadd l\.1SS, R..ltyd Arverth 1 622 Nouadd MSS, Rhyd .A.rvaeth 1 652 Brom.vydd �..1SS, F.hydarberth 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Pontrhydarberth 1 83 OPR Llangoedmor, Pont R.hyd A..rberth OS 1 834, (c756) Park Rhyd A.rberth l 83 8TMS, Rhydarberth 1 84! cens. , i Bontrhydarberth 1 868 B.Williaw.s p. l 09, Bridge End OS 1 891 , Pontyrdarberth, 'that is' Pont F��yd �t\rberth 1 896 (J.Rhys) Cymru vol. l l p. l 52, Pont-rhyd-arberth OS1 904, na Phont ar fo..rberth 1 989 R.Jones p. l 2 1 ' The name Arberth given to the river Ffrydmor i s falsely deduced from this place�name, see sub Pantgltybedig (3-a). J. Rhys [1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52-53] speculated that this might be the Arberth mentioned as the site of the mai.11 court of Dyfed i.11 the Mabinogi [ 1300Yt (WBRh): 1, 55], and his speculation has developed into a certa:L11ty by some subsequent authors, probably inspired by local patriotism. There can be no doubt that the site of this court was at Arberth (E. ]\farberth, Pembs.), only 4km to the SW of Caste!ldwyran (Canns .) where the Voteporix inscription con:unemorating a sixth century king ofDyfed was found. The site of Pont Rhydarberth is not suitable as it lay in the medieval ki11gdom of Ceredigion, and outside that of Dyfed. The most conclusive proof tr..at Pont Rhydarberth cannot have been the medieval Arberth are its earliest forms of which show the word i.11 composition with rhyd to have been arfaeth, and not arberth. The burden of aifaeth 'intention., design, purpose, plan' in this name remains difficult to discern, though we can compare the Old Welsh tn. Rit Aruaith ar }..1ouric (prox. Pw!LT.eurig, Mons.) [c.1 140 LL: 262] (this latter name seems to exclude aifaeth from being a river�na..>ne, though this is exactly the impression given by the phrase betpull mouric arhit aruaith, found on the same page of LL, which translates 'as far as Pwllmeurig along the A.rfaeth' � I suspect the discrepancy may be explained as due to some confusion between OW. ha rit 'and Rhyd' and ar hit 'along', the fact that there was a Rhydaifaeth in CardigaP.shire, not containing a hydronyn1, strengthens the initiai interpretation of Rit Aruaith). The development of ar:faeth to arberth had occurred by 1 8 1 9 at the latest, tbis may possibly have been int1uenced by arberth isacrif1cei, and certaituy by the Pembrokes:hire Arberth (pronounced Arbeth locally [ 1 958 E. Ll. Williams: 1 3 ]). Poorhouse -(SN 21 2-437)[E. poor + house]; Poor House l 823PR Liecb.ryd, (c7l) \Vori.ard

Phillip ap Evan Howell als. Ty r Ffoesydd bychen 1 73 8 Coedmor MS 1 66, 'tent. once called' T)'f Richard Phillip ap Evan Howell als. Tyr Ffoesydd bychen 'but now known as' Tyrlh-vyd 1 762 Coedmor �y1S 1 67, Tyr Llwyd 1 760CF, Til Lhvyd 1 760map E.Bowen, Tyr Richard Phillip ap Evan als. Tyr Foelsydd bychen 'now called' Tyrlhvyd 1 789 Coedmor M...S 1 77, Tyr Richard P}lillip ap Evan Hm.vell als. Tyr Foesydd, 'now' Tyrllwyd 1 789 Coedmor lV.S 1 73, Tir Llwyd 1 803map J. S inger, T'rrllwyd 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Tir�lhvyd O S 1 8 3 4, Tyrllvl';d 1 83 5PR L1angoedmor, T}'fllwyd 1 83 8Tl\.1S,

Tirllwyd�bach

-( SN 208-45 1 ) [tir + llwyd (+ bach)] ;

[ti,lujd'ba:x,

S. Griffiths]

Ty Lh.vyd bach 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Ty-llwyd O S 1 834, Tirllwyd als. Tirll\\'.Yd bach 1 832PR Coedn10r �.1S 1 83 , Tylhx.'Yd bach 1 83 3 Coedmor �AS 2 1 9, Tyr!lv.yd bach 1 83 7PR Llangoedmor, Tyrlhvyd fach, T)'fllydiach 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Tyr!hvyd als. Tyrlhvyd bach 1 843 Coedmor MS 1 86, Ty-llwyd-bach O S 1 89 1

To=gwyrdd

-(SN 1 97-453)[to + gvvyrdd] ;

Tog,vyrdd O S 1 982

56

Treddafydd

-(SN 20 1 -463) (tref + pn. Dafydd] ;

Tredavid 1 742 Crosswood MSS , Treddafydd 1 8 1 6PR L1angoedmor, Tre Dafydd 1 83 8TM S

Trefurgan-fach

-(SN 1 99-460) [tref + pn. Morgan (+ bach)] ; Tre-forgan-rach O S 1 89 1 Morgan (+ mawr)] ; [t�'v:lrgan S . Griffiths] Trevorgan 1 760CF, Travorgan c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Trevorgan 1 803rnap J. Singer, Treforgan 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedmor, Treforgan OS 1 834, Dre Forgan 1 83 8 TMS, Tre-forgan-fawr OS 1 891

Treforgan-fawr -(SN 20 1 -460) [tref + pn.

Cf sub

Trefwtial=fawr

Troedrhiwloergan (4-a).

=(SN 237=480)[tref + ? (+ mawr)] ;

Trevowtiall als. Trefartr.a 1 6 1 7 Alltlwyd l\.1SS , Trev\\1tial 1 682 EE\V 1\1SS, Trefvv1ial l 768PR Tremain, Tref\vtial fawr 1 779PR Tremain, Trefwttial 1 803PR Aberporth, Trewittial OOS 1 8 1 4, Tref-v..rtial OS 1 834, Trefotial fawT (sic loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, Tre\vitial-fawr, Trewittial fawr 1 838TM�, Trefwtial OS 1 904

Tref\l1ial�fach

=(SN 236=479)[tref + ? (+ bach)] ;

Trefvvtial fach 1 774PR Tremain, Trevutial issa 1 79 1 Coedmor 1\1S 49, Tref.vtial fach 1 803map J. S inger, Trewitial-fach, Trewittial fach 1 838TMS

Tremain

-(SN 23 5-486) [tref + yr + main] ;

[�n,tre'majn M.

Jenkins]

Sancti l\1ichaelis de TresrrlalL."l 1 1 59-8 1 Papal Doc. in 1 904 E. Pritchard p. 1 5 0, 'terra' Tremeyn 1 242 Litt.Wall. p. 3 8, Trefmayne 1 53 5 VE p.393, 'chapell' Tresmayne 1 53 9 in 1 904 £.Pritchard p. 77, Trer Main c. 1 566EPC, Tre 1\lf ...ayne 1 578tnap C. Saxto11.., Tremaine 1 598/99 Nouadd MS S, o Dre'nnaen c. 1 600 L.Dv·/ml vol. l p. 3 3 , Tren Main 1 606EPC, Tremeyne als. Tremayne 1 61 6 in 1 904 E.M.Pritchard p. 97, Tremayn 1 603-25 T.I . J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 96, Tremain 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-3 7, Tre-main 1 760CF, a Tb..remein 1 790 Rep\V�ASS vol. 1 p . 62, Trev Main 1 799EPC, Trema:yn 1 803map J. S inger, Tremein 1 804PR Aberporth, Tre Maen als. Tre Mein 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s . v. Tre Mae11, TreiT'..aine OOS 1 8 1 4, Tremein 1 823PR Aberportl1, Tremaen 1 83 0PR Aberporth, Tremai.'l, St. J\.1ichael's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , o Dre'r Main 1 93 8 R J. Thoro-as p. l l 3 Refers to Llech-yr-ast (2-b); cf

Penmain (3-a);

see Nantllan

(3-a).

Tremle -(SN 243-490) [trem + lie] ;

Tremle OS 1 982

Trewinsor -(SN 222-470) [tref + E. sn.

\Vindsor] ; [tre wmJ:lr S. Griffiths] '

Trefv·;ynsor 1 5 50 Nouadd MS S, Tre Wynsor c. l 600 L. D\.\'!111 vol. l p.33, Trewinsor 1 689/90 Crosswood �1SS , Tre Windsor 1 760map E. Bowen, Trewindor 1 777PR Aberporth, Trewinsor fach (prox.) 1 783PR Llangoedmor, Dre \Vinsher >1 784 i."l 1 983 D . Jenki."lS p. 1 2, Trewinsor 1 803map J. Singer, Trewindsor

(c) Park Drewinsor, Dre \Vi."ldsor 1 83 8TIAS, Trewindsor Farm O S 1 982 Windsor (l.uamphey, Pembs.), Wyndishore 1 259; Windsor (urJoc., St Thomas, Haverfordwest, Pembs.), Vyndessors 1 296 [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 1 3, 81 ] ; lt-ard to explair1 [ 1 938 B. G. Charle.s: 1 3 1 4] ; Windsor (Berks., England), found five times in England, and once i..11 Pembrokeshlre, means 'river-bank with a windlass' [ 1 970 M. :Richards et al. : 1 94]. The name Windsor came to this spot as a surname, as the location was not near any navigable river. OOS 1 8 1 4,

Cf

-

The land of Emlyn (i.'1cluding Cilgerran and Newcastle Emlyn) was seized by the )..nglo-French about 1 1 1 0 by Gerald of \Vindsor, constable of Pembroke, whose heirs were still in possession of it in the latter

Lloyd: 2.425] , whether he took part L'1 the contemporary conquest of if he did not it seems obvious that sometime during that century the Windsor family of Emlyn acquired Trewinsor, leaving their name as testimony. IoPnerth Fynglwyd [f1.1480-1527: 1 3 1 ] wrote Gwinsor for Windsor (Berks.). Troedrhiw -(SN 228-473)[troed + y + rhiw] ; half of the twelfth century

(1911

J. E.

Ceredigion alongside the Clares is not knoW!l.., but even

Tir Troedyrhi-...v ? 1 650 Ty-llwyd 1\1S, Troed y Rhiw 1 706 F. C.\Vi.'lchester (Hove) 1\1S S, Troed y Rhiw 1 760CF, Troedyr}liw OOS 1 8 1 4, Troedyrhew 1 83 8TMS, Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1

Trympeg-bach

-(SN 1 98-452)[trympeg + bach] ;

[k:>jdm:Jr'bd3 I.

Jones]

Turnpike bach 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Coedmore�lodge 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Turnpi.�e�bach OS 1 834,

(c1015)

Park Turnpike bach 1 83 8TMS, Turnpik bach + Coedmore Lodge 1 84 1 cens.,

(c) Par

Turn Pike

bach 1 857 Coedmor MS 203 , Coedmore Lodge O S 1 89 1 The origi..11al Carmarthen road went through Pont-Hirwem

(4-a), but the new road to Carmarthen was built [ 1 803map J. Singer]) . However, this does not seem to have been the replacement of Gat Rhydfinvch (1 -a) which was so situated that it was through to Llechryd (and these improvements go back at least to 1 803

57

(3) IS-COED able to oversee traffic on both the old and the new roads. It is likelier that despite its name Trympeg�bach was not a proper turnpike gate (i. e. belonging to the Turnpike Trust), but was the gate guarding the entrance to the domain of Coedmor (3-a) 21! in any dialect. Furthermore, it seems strange to find it lenited, and causing the lenition of bach. If is supposed to stand for *Faenor-jach, I am at a loss to say to what administrative unit it refers to; cf (c) Park }..!aynor Llwyd [1714 Coedmor MSS] (?= Parcllwyd, 3-a). Coedgwastad -(SN 1 99-43 5)[coed + gwastad] ; Old \Vood 1 80 1 Coedmor l\AS 2 1 6, (cl 3 ) Old \Voo d 1 83 9Tl\y1S, Coedgwastad OS 1 89 1 Coed�ne\lrydd -(SN 1 97-442) [ coed + nev.ydd] ; Coednewydd OS 1 89 1 The -newydd i s i n opposition to Coedgwastad (3-b) . 59

(3) IS-COED Cored Cilgerran -(SN 1 95-432)[cored + tn. Cilgerran (Pembs.)] ; Gurgitem apud Kilgaran 1 3 14 CalPR p.99, The King's Wear of Cilgerran 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 67, The King's Wear at Cil Gerran 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan The weir at Cilgerran was known to G..raldus Cambrensis and George Owen [ 1 974 J. G. Jer>.kins : 34] ; G. Owen called it "the greatest weare of all \Vales" [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 79] . It had been destroyed by order of Edward I, but his son granted that it was to be rebuilt [ 1 3 1 4 CalPR: 99] . The stone pillars of the weir were removed c. l 800 to ease navigation by the industrialist Benjatr.in Hammet [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 80] ; see 1 959 I. J. Sanders pp.3 32-33. Ty'rgored (SN 1 94-432, Cilgerran, Pemhs.), Ty'r-gored [ 1 867 J. R . Pl>illip s: 1 80], was a little cottage above the coP.:fluence of the Phsgog and the Teifi; "the house where the captured fish were taken to and weighed" , "the ren1ains of which stood within the memory of the living generation, was situated directly under the Castle, on the rr.rer's bank, and to the east of the Plysgog Brook;" [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illips: 1 80]; \Vilham Elliot's engraving after the painter Richard Wilson, published 1 775, shows Ty'rgored [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illip s: 1 80] . Cored Llechryd -(SNc. 2 1 3-43 6)[cored + tn. Llechryd (3-a)t Coedmore Weir 1 749 Coedmor :rviS 42, The Great Weare 1 788 Coedmor l\.1S 623 , Koydmor Wear 1 79 1 Coedmor J\1S 49, Coedmore \Vear 1 8 1 9 i n 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 95, (c) Dol y Gored 1 867 J.R.Phillips p. 1 60, The Weir at Llechryd c. 1 902 E.RHorsfull-Tumer p. 1 96, The Gored 1 969 CER vol.6 p.3 1 9, The Gored 1 970 CER vol. 6 p. 3 1 9, (cs) Gwar Gored, Gored, Awel y Gored (prox., in river) 1 974 J. G.Jenkins p. l 40 There is mention of the fisheries of Llechryd in the fourteenth century ( 1 3 1 4 CalPR: 99], but in the eighteenth century a weir \Vas constructed a mile upstream from Cored Cilgerran (3-b) [ 1 974 J. G. Jenkins: 35] , probably as a replacement. It was in existence in Queen Anne's reign ( 1 702-1 4), when it \Vas granted to the Coedmor family [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illips: 1 80]. Coedmor (3-a) had fishi.'1g rights from Cored Llechryd to Pont Aberteifi ( 1 -b) [c. 1785 Coed."llor MS 62 9] , in 1 78 6 the weir gave way [ 1 788 Coed."llor MS 623] , and it was destroyed by Rebecca rioters in 1 844 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 8 1 ] ; dest. 1 843 [ 1 990 w. J. Le·wis : 1 27 ] ; " . . . remains are now to be seen a little above Castle M�elg\�;n;" [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 179] . Pen-y-gored (SN 2 13-435, Cilgerrar., Pemhs.), got its name from this weir, and was a tin works b.bet. 1 764-70 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 59], but the tin vmrks were destroyed c. 1 806 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 63]; Penygored Works 'iron and tin manufacturers' [ 1 792 Coedmor MS 459] ; Ty mawr, Tymawr�y�glvaith [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips : 1 39] . Sir Benjatr.in Hammet, proprietor of the tin works, built the original mansion at Pen-y-gored [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 25, 1 3 9] ; its name was replaced by that of a nearby farm of Castelbnaelgwn [ 1 8 1 0 R. Fenton: 274]; Castle Mal/rum [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 9]; Penygored, 'afterwards wisnomered' Castle �Mae/gwyn [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 25] ; Castle Malgwyn Hotel [OS 1 982]; "This place was formerly called Penygored from its proximity to the weir across the river belonging to CoedmavJT; and by that name it is still assessed in the parochial rate books. " [ 1 867 J. R. from A bercuch past Llechryd on the Phillips : 1 38 ) . The leat or canal � called kan'el in \Velsh [inf I. Jones] Pembrokeshire side of the river was built for the works at Pen-y-gored [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 160], cf Droifa �

(4-a).

Crug(i) -(SN 222e479)(Penllech�yr�ast)[crug]; Crug OS 1 834 Crug(ii) -(SN 249-489)(Blaenannerch)[crug] ; Crug (sic loc. ?) OS 1 834, Tumulus OS 1 982 Cwmdu(i) -(SN 206-437)(Cnwc-y-dal)[cvvm + du] ; Cwm�du OS 1 89 1 Cwmdu(ii) -(SN 1 94-444)(C,;vrcoed)[cwm + du]; [kom'di: 1 996 o n S4C 1 5/06/96] Cv·nn Du OS1 891 Dolgamlan -(SN 226-433)[dol + cam + glan]; DolgawJan OOS 1 8 1 9, Ddolg�TJon 1 83 8 TMS, Herllyn (name of the meander) 1 874 B.Willia..T.s in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 388, (c) Dala (prox. , in river) 1 974 J. G. Jenkins p. l 49 This meadow, on the Pembrokeshire side of the river Teif1, in front of Manordeifi church, is an old meander whose neck was shortened by the river. Memory of its former appurtenance to the northern side of the river Teifi kept it in Llangoedmor and Cardigansbire. "From Dol Droefa [i. e. Droifa (4-h)] down towards Llechryd the river is called Herllyn which properly (sic?) belongs to the original course of the Teivi which was under the parish clerk's house and on under the quarry and the old rectorj house [i. e. of

60

(3) IS-COED Manordeifi (Pembs.)] (where I was born and bred) now in ruins . . . " [ 1 874 letter 05/1 1 174 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.3 88] . In all likelihood Herllyn stands for Hirllyn 'long lake'; cf Penhebrysg (49-a). Llech-y-gawres -(SN 225-453)[llech + y + cawres] ; Lhech y Go\vres 1 722 E .Lhuyd co1. 773, Llech y Gowres c. 1 75 7 L.Morris p . 266, (c6) Park Nain Gron ? 1 799map Cawres, Llech y Ga\\Tes 1 808 S . R J\1eyrick p. 1 1 9, (c706) Pare l\1ain Gron ? 1 838TMS The exact location of this megalithic monument is not cer+..ain (pace the instructions of E. Lhuyd [ 1 722: 773] that it stood on a small bank or rising in a plain open field). This was a very large cromlech destroyed c. l 77 5 Lfl order to w.ake gate-posts [ 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 66] . l C. Grooms [ 1 988: A-52] suggests it has some connection with a field named Park Nain Gron or Pare Main Gron (which I have corrected to a more probable *Pare .A/faencrwn the 'round stone' referring to the cap of the cromlech). It n:m.y have stood on the site of a kidney-shaped cropmark 400m NE of Cawres (3-a) at SN 2263-4565 [1 985 Arch.Wales: 25. 18], "a possible univallate defended enclosure" [ 1 985 Arch. Wales: 25. 1 8] , suggested t o have been a passage tomb [ 1 993 C.Grooms: 67] . The site of this monument is further confused by the location of the cottage Llech-y-gawres (3-a), which lay 1 . 3km E of Cawres (3-a). The coupling of cawres 'giantess' with a megalithic monument is far from being unknown, e.g. the chambered cairn named Barclodaid-y-gawres (SH 32-70, Llanfuelog, AngL), Ffedogaid-y-gcmwes (Bwlch-y-ddeufaen, Caerr>.s.) [GPC s.v. ffedogaid] (cf Camsaithwraig, 32-b). Note (c) Gmvres gowres (SJ 08-01 , Llanwyddelan, Monts.) less than 500m from the parish church o f Llanwyddelan; cf (c) Cae-gmvres (sub Cribynclotas, 25-b). Pengarnbica -(SN 236-463) [pen + y + earn + pica] ; [bengarn'bika M. Jenkins] -

Pengarnbica 1 924-26 CSRLS 69, Pen-caer-bica 1 989 R Jones p. 98

An old moory nook (hen gomelyn rhoslyd) of land [ 1 989 R Jones p.98] . Pont Llechryd -(SN 2 1 7-436)[pont + tn. Llechryd (3-a)]; [b:mt'kznd 1 Jones] Llechryd Bridge 1 789 Coedmor MS 1 74, Pont Llech..ryd 1 803 B . H.Malkin p. 1 44, Llechryd Bridge OS 1 982, Pont Llechryd 1 984 Gambo n. l 9 b. l 65 5 or 1 659

[ 1 978 CER: 8.333). P...vH-y-rhwyd -(SN 1 93 -43 5)[pwll + y + rh-vvyd] ; Pwllyrhwyd 1 84 1 cens. , Pwll-y-rhwyd 1 867 JRPbillips p. 1 75 , Netpool 1 867 J RPhillips p. 1 8 1 , Pwll y Rhwyd 1 974 J. G. Jen.lcins p. l 4 1 A little cottage under

Ynysffmsh

Coedmor (3-a) [ 1 867 J. R. Pbllips: 1 75]; cf Nepwl (1 -a). [i·nis'fmJ L Jones]

-( SN 2 1 7-43 6)[ynys + E . sn. Finch] ;

Medd c. 1 970ro..ap !.Mathias

Ynys-y-morfa -(SN 1 8 8-454) [ynys + y + morfa] ; ( c973) Island 1 83 8TMS, Rosehill J\1arsh OS 1 89 1 ,

Ynys y l\1orfa c. l 970map I. J\1athias

\Vas an island until the stretch of the Tei:fi called

Ffedog (named because it widened like an apron) \vas Fforest (Cilgerran) [inf I. Mafr.ias ], the E branch was newly cut [(c972) 1 838TM:s] ; cf Penmoifa (3-a).

filled-up with debris from the quarries at according to the tithe rrm.p

61

(4) IS-COED

Aberaeddfed -(SN 230-434)[aber + hn. Aeddfed] ; [aber'ejved I. Jones, aber'i·ved T. S. Morris] Aberived Cottage 1 758map J.Butcher, Abereifed OOS 1 8 1 4, .Aber-iefed OS 1 834, Aberifed 1 839T�1S , Abereifed Cottage 1 84 l cens. , Aber-iefed OS 1 89 1 , Abereifed >1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/1 2, Aberirid 1 90 1 Llwyndyrys MSS p. 26, Aber-e:ifed OS 1 904 A new cottage is erecte.d . . . with about six acres of land [ 1758map J. Butcher] . Abertrinant -(SN c. 272-45 l ) [aber + tri + nant] ; Abercrynant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abertrinant ? 1 827PR L!angoedmor The site seems to be at the convergence of three streams so I have preferred the interpretation Abertrinant to Abercrynant. Allt-y-bwla -(SN 260-422)[tn. Allt-y-bwla[-hen] (4-a)]; [alt�'bu-la T. S . Morris] Gallybwla + Dole Gelly Gunhf'ur 1 80 1 Llwyndyrys l\AS S, .AJltybw!a OOS 1 8 1 2, Alit y Bw!a OS 1 834 Does the 1 80 1 name reveal an older name for this Allt-y-b-wla? Allt-y=bwla=hen =(SN 260-428)[allt + y + bwla (+ hen)]; [ait�,bu,la'he:n T. S . I\1orris] i\lt y Bwla 1 65 l rent, "AJlt y Bwla 1 760CF, Galltybv.;la Hen 1 778PR Llandygwy, "AJlt-y-bwla-hen OS 1 834, Allt-y-bwla-hen OS 1 89 1 See sub Pant-y-bwla (7-a). Allt=y=cadno -(SN 266-464) [allt + y + cadno] ; (c) Gallt y Cadno 1 757 Nouadd MS S, AJlt-y-c.adno 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Galltyc.adno OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gallt­ y-cadno O S 1 834, Allt y Cadno 1 839TMS, Galltyc.ad.r10 1 84 1 c.ens. Alltgudd-fach -(SN 275-4 1 9) [allt + ? (+ bach)] ; Dan-alltgi-isaf OS 1 834, Dan Alit Gudd incla, Danallt Gudd 1 83911\tf� , ..AJlt-gidd-:fach OS 1 891, Alltgudd­ :fach OS 1 904 AUtgudd-fawr -(SN 275-422)[allt + ? (+ mawr)] ; DaP.alltcyhydd OOS 1 8 1 2, Dan-alltgi-uchaf OS 1 834, Dan Allt Gudd uchaff 1 83 9TMS, Danalltgydd 1 84 1 cens. , .AJlt-gidd OS 1 89 1 , Alltgudd OS 1 904, Alltgudd fa\vr OS 1 982 The term cyhudd is pronou.'1ced ki:() in Pembrokeshire, but ki'hi:() in Cardiganshire [inf.], according to the Cardiganshire realisation of other words wit.'i. medial (viz cyhyd, g�-vahan, g�-vehydd etc. ) the reduced variant should also be expecte.d Ll'l Cardiganshire, maybe this realisation obt..ained in C.ardiganshire at one ti.rne, but for some reason or another, it has been wholly superseded by the disyllabic pronunciation at present. For that reason, and because its situation seems to suit cyhudd 'shade' better than cudd 'hidden', I am more in favour of the mearing cyhudd 'shade', though as it is a noun the name should be written Alltcyhudd; some eighteenth-century forms of this place-name might enable us to ascertain the original word in this place�name. Allt-Hirwern -(SN 258-429)[allt + lt.rt Hirwern] ; Pen-y-rallt Hyrwen, 'common' Y Alit Hyrwen 1 575/76 F. Green J\1SS vol.25 p. 1 89, Gathhirwen 1 775-76 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 71 , Rallt 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Gallt Hirwen 1 824PR Llandygwy, Rallt OS 1 834, Alit Penyfai ? 1 84 1 cens. Aurfryn -(SN 295-455)[aur + bryn] ; Aurfryn OS 1 904 Awe!fryn -(SN 248-445)[awel + bryn]; Awelfryn OS 1 982 Beili -(SN 248-435)(beili]; [bejli T. S. l\.1orris] Tire y Baily ycha + yssa 163 0 Nouadd MSS, Baily 1 752PR Llandyg\vy, Bailey OOS 1 8 1 2, Baili OS 1 834, Baily 1 839Th1S, Bailey OS 1 891 Berllan -(SN 246-42l ) [y + perllan] ; [berian T. S . �1orris] Berllan 1 760CF, Perllandywydd ? 1 76 1 -62 i..11 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 65, Berllandywyll ? 1 762-63 i..11 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 65, Berllan 1 794PR Llandyg\vy, Berllan 1 803rnap J. Si.11ger, Berllan OS 1 982 Berlian-fach -(SN 245-420)[y + berllan (+ bach)] ; Berllan-fiich OS 1 89 1 Bethesta -(SN 26 1 -45 l ) [Bibl.tn. Bethesda] ; Bethesda Clt.ap. (Indt. ) OS 1 89 1 , Bethesda, Newc. Emlyn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, Bethesda Chapel OS 1 904, Chapel OS 1 982 62

(4) IS-COED b. l 839-41 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 480; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tus

M. Davies,

n�ja�'kr�s

T. S .

Jones]

Cross Ffordd ? 1 83 3PR Llandyg\\), Croesffordd (two cotts. ) ? 1 86 8 Nouadd 1\1SS , Neuadd Cross (P.H.) O S 1 89 1 See Cros-fach (4-a). Crudrawel(i) -(SN 288-474)(Biw!a)[crud + yr avvel] ; [ kr id 'rawel :J\1.

Davies]

Cmd yr Av;el O S 1 982

Crud-yr-awel(ii)

-(SN 28 1 -43 0)(Capeltyg,vy) [crud + yr + awel] ;

Crud-yr-awel O S 1 982

Cwmaeddfed

-(SN 234-445)[cwm + hn. Aeddfed] ;

A.eddfed

Cwm

[kum'ejved

T. S . Morris]

1 8 1 3PR Llandygwy, Cwm-iefed OS 1 834, Cwmeifed 1 833PR Llandygv.y, Cwmeifed

1 83 9TMS, Cwm-iefed OS 1 89 1

Cwmgwenyn

-(SN 2 58-436)[ cwm + y + gwenyn] ;

Cwmgwenyn 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.ry, C\.\rm-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 , C'.vm-gv-1enyn OS 1 904

Cwmllwydrew -(SN 23 5-448)[cwm + llv.ydrew] ; [kum'hdrew

T. S . Morris]

Cwm Llwydrhew 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Cwmllydrew 1 84 1 cens.

Cwmtawel -(SN 270-43 l ) [c'.vm + tawel] ; Cwm-tawel OS 1 8 34, C'.vmta'.vel 1 83 5PR L1andyg'.vy

Cwrt-hen -(SN 273-453 ) [cv.rt (+ hen) ] ; Court 1 796PR Llandygwy, Cwrt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwrt OS 1 834, C v..rt 1 84 1 cens . , Cwrt-hen O S 1 89 1 , Cvvrt­ hen 0Sc. l 950

Cwrt-newydd -(SN 270-45 1 ) [C'.'Vrt (+ ne'.x.rydd)] ; Cv.'ft-nev.rydd OS 1 834, Cv.'ft-nev.rydd 1 84 l cens.

Cwrt-y-person

-(SN 242-43 8)[ cv.rt + y + person];

Cwrtyperson 1 749PR Llandygwy, Cwrt y Person 1 83 9TMS prox. Llandyg\vy church.

Cymydd-bach

-(SN 277-485) (cymydd + bach] ;

[kumi�'ba:x I.

Cv.mydd-bach OS 1 89 1

67

Davies]

(4) IS-COED Ddoi ( SN 245-41 8)[y + dol]; Ddol 1 760CF, Ddole 1 783 Llwyndyrys MSS, Ddow 1 80 1 Lhvyndyrys MSS, Thornville, 'formerly calle.d' Ddol 1 807 Lhvyndyrys MSS, Thornville 1 8 1 1 Cambrian 07/09/1 1 , Dol 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 33, Ddol 008 1 8 1 9, Dol OS1 834, Ddole, Ddol 1 839TMS, Ddol Barn ? 1 84 1 cens., Thorn Villa 081 89 1 , Thorn Villa OS 1 904, heibio'r Ddol > 1 900 in 1 91 2 TS 02/08/1 2 L'1existent [OS 1 982] . Three sections o f meadow nearby, belonging t o Llwyndyrys (4-a) between Tf"rallt (4-a) and Berllan:fach (4-a) were kno-vvn as Dolcuwtne (SN 243-425), Dol Courteney [ 1 758map J.Butcher], Dol Courtnay [ 1 782 Llwyndyrys MSS : 18], Dol Courtenay [ 1 786 Lhvyndyrys MSS : 1 9] . However, the Llwyndyrys estate \vith those 3 sections of meadow, belonged to the Griffiths family during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, \vhilst Ddol \vas O\vned by a certai.'1 Thomas Joh.11 Rid:mrd in 1 760 ( 1760CF] , so that it is unli.."'vmcigiau, Cacrns.) [ 1 939 I. \Villiams : 1 57] . Felin-fach -(SN 263-440)[y + melL� (+ bach)]; [ve!m'va:x T. S. 1\1orris] Felin fach OOS 1 81 2, Veli.'1 fach 1 825PR Llandyg\\], Melin-fach OS1 834, Blaenpant :!'-.1ill 1 839Tl\IIS , Fel:in�:ffich OS 1 89 1 , Felin 0Sc. l 950 Ffoscesyg -(SN (ii)25 1-488)[ffos + y + cesyg]; Ffos y Cessig 1 754PR Aberporth, Ffoes y Cessig 1 77 1 PR Aberportl1, Ffos y Chesyg 1 774PR Aberporth, Ffosychessig 1 778PR Aberporth, Ffos y Cessig 1 779PR Aberportb., Ffoesygesig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Foes y Cessig 1 81 7 Nouadd MSS, Foes y Caseg 1 8 1 7sur map, Ffos-y-gesig O S 1 834, Ffoes y Casseg, 'pt. of Ffoes y Cesseg 1 837TiviS Aberporth, Ffos Gessig, Ffosgessig (i) 1 838TMS Tremain, Ffos-gesyg (ii) OS1 89 1 , Ffos-gesyg O S 1 904 i) SN 252-489. 1 838. Just over the stream i..11 Llangoedmor. ii) SN 25 1 -488. 1 891 . Theffos referred to may be the tributary of the river Ffrydmor is crossed by the main road at Rhyd (5-a); cf. BlaeP.jJos (4-a). Ffos=yr-hendy ( SN 282-462)[ffos + yr + hen + tu'gripil E.

it Rees,

f�n=>g'griprl

T. S. Morris]

Ffynnon Cripill 1 720 Nouadd M � S, Fynon Crepil1 1 720 Ffynnone MS S p. l 3 6, Ffynnon Cryppil 1 75 1PR Llandygwy, Ffynon Crippril 1 783PR Llandygwy, Ffynon Crippil 1 79 1 PR Llandyg\V'J, Ffyp..noncrippil OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnon-crippil 1 8 1 4PR Llandyg\\1)', Ffyr1non Crippel 1 8 1 7sur w.ap, Ffyn11ongrippil 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 96, Ffynnon Crupl O S 1 834, Ffynnon Cripil 1 832 Llw)ndyrys Ffynnoncrippel 1 83 9TMS, Pembri.'1bwa als. Fynnon Cripil 1 840 Nouadd Nouadd MSS , F�'1on Cripil O S 1 89 1 There was a

(c) Bishops Parcel \vithi.11 the

farm o f Ffynnoncrup! [ 1 8 32

l\1SS p. 22, Ffynnon Crippil, J\1SS, Fynnon Cripple 1 8 5 8

Llwyndyrys MSS: 22] , this wight have

something to do with the li..lllit of the episcopal lordship of Llandygv•.'Y, w:bich may have been stream from

Pont F.hyd-dchtfn (4-b)

to

Tafarnbugai! (4-a)

so that part of Ffynnoncntpl

land

lay withi.11 the lordsbip and

part without. The burden of crupl in tl>is name probably refers to reputed curative powers.

Ffynnonddewi

-

( SN 250-430)[ffynnon

+ pn.

Dewi] ;

Tir Ffynnon Ddewi 1 6 1 0 Nouadd M� S , Ffyrmon Ddewi 1 822PR Llandygwy, F:fyn.11on DdeYvy 1 83 9TM�, FfyP.honddewi 1 84 1 cens. , Ffynnon-ddewi OS 1 904

Ffynnondyrgi -(SN 277-432)[ff';nnon + y + dyfrgiL [fm:>n,5urgi'vowr + 'va:x (prox. ) E. A.

Rees]

FrJnnon-dd\vrgi 1 77 1 PR Llandygwy, Ffyfion \X/rddi 1 790PR Llandygv.'Y, FfyrL."lon-dwrgi OS 1 834, Ffy:nnon D\.vrgy 1 83 9TMS, Ffynonddwrgy 1 84 1 cens. , Ffyrmondd\.vrgi fawr, Ffynnondd\.vrgi fach (prox. ) 1 9 1 4 John Francis

MSS

voL 2 p. 1 05, Ffynonddwrgi-fawr, Ffynondd\.vrgi-fach (prox. ) 1 91 4 Welshman

1 0/07/ 1 4

(4-b) 2k.'TI t o the 1-m , Ffynnondyrgi (3�a).

The form of 1 790 i s rew.ir.iscent o fAlit Langwrddi i."l this name is but a popular reanalysis, cf

Ffynnongarreg -(SN 267-429)[ffynnon + y + carreg] ; FfyP..non Garreg 1 763-64 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66,

and arouses suspicior..s that

dyfrgi

Ffyn.11on Garreg 1 8 1 6PR Llandygwy, Ffynnon-gareg

OS 1 89 1 , Ffym10n Garreg OS 1 982

Ffynnonhwenv -(SN 277-420)[:ffyno n n + chwerw] ; Ffjnnonferw 1 84 l cens., FrJnnon�wernw O S 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-wherw O S 1 904, F�"lon�wherw 0Sc. 1 950, Iona 08 1 982

Ffynncn!eicli -(SN 257-423)[fi'JP�11on + E.

li..�ely ? ];

[f�n:>n'lejkli

T. S . l\1orris]

Ffynnon Likely OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffyr,non-licey (sic lee. ) OS 1 834, Ffynnon-licli OS 1 89 1 , Ffynon Leicki 1 92426 CSRLS 3 5 , Ffyr.non Leici (sic) 1 954 F. Jones p. 1 58 , Ffynon-licli OS 1 982 It seems that the second element is

E. likely, which might have the meaning 'promising, suitable', in a Welsh toponyw_ From the above forms it is apparent that some Lleucu, though Lleucu iejki -j> lejkli is an irregular development, and \:vould

otherwise it is difficult to see its use have believed it to be for

have to be motivated by popular etymology.

Ficrej

-

( SN 240�43 6)[£. vicarage] ; [v1kred3 T. S. Morris] Vicarage O S 1 891

Frcn -(SN 248-427)[y + bron]; [vr:>n T.

S . J\1orris]

Bronhwli 1 774-75 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 7 1 , Bronbwli 1 775-76 in 1 946 T.Be;mon p. 1 7 1 , Fron 1 822PR Llandygwy, Fron OS 1 834, Fron O S 1 89 1 , Vron Cottage 1 9t.11cent. :in 1 75 8map J.Butcher

Frondeg -(SN 279-49 1 ) [y + bron + teg] ; [ vr:m de: g E. '

Jones, !. Davies]

Frondeg OS 1 982

Fronfelen -(SN 264-47 1 )[y + bron + melen] ; [vr=>n'velen I .

Davies]

Vronfelen 1 867 Nouadd MSS, Fron-felen OS 1 891 Formerly part of a farm called A!lt-y-cadno (4-a) [ 1 867 Nouadd Jv!SS). Fronglyd -(SN 28 1 -43 5 ) [y + bron + clyd] ; Y Ffron Glid 1 65 1 rent, Vronglyd 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd MSS , Fron�glyd Bronglyd O S 1 982, Bronclud 1 990 D . H.\Villiams p . 67

Frongcch

( SN 270-453 ) [y + bron + coch] ; [ vr�u'g o: z M. Davies]

-

69

OS 1 834, Bron-glyd O S 1 89 1 ,

(4) IS-COED (c) Llain y Vron Goch 1 5 83 Nouadd �1SS, Tir Trevaes als. Tir y Vron Goch 1 63 1 Nouadd �1SS, Fforen Gogh 1 6 5 l rent, Frongoch OOS 1 8 l l , Fron-goch OS 1 834, Fron-goch OS 1 89 1 C f Parc-y-big (4-a). Fronlas -(SN 265-474)[y + bron + glas] ; [vr�n'la:s I. Davies] VrorJas 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Fron Lase 1 8 1 7sur map, Fronlas 1 837T�1S, Fron-las OS1 891 Fronlwyd -(SN 283-490)[y + bron + llwyd]; Bron-h'Vyd OS1 89 1 , Fronlwyd OS 1 982 Gerallt -(SN 288-465)[ger + yr + alit]; Gerallt OS 1 982 Gla.'"leinv -(SN 278-488)[glan + y + geirw] ; [glan'ejru E. Jones, I. Davies] Tir yr Ayrych ynghan Herwara 1 6 5 l rent, Eirv.; Castle OS 1 834, Eirw Castle 1 837TMS, Glanei.rw OS 1 89 1 , Glanei.nv 0Sc. 1 950, Glaneirw House OS 1 982, Plas Glaneirv·/ 1 989 R Jones p.21 The 1651 form seems garbled, but an contemporary form of PennanteirH.i (4-a) gives a more correct form: ]\[ant yr Eynvo. The name of the stream was Einv or Nanteinv, the feminine noun geinv (a substa11tivised plural of ganv 'rough') meaning 'fast-flowing, rippleing water' [GPC s.v. gei.nv] . The same word is found in two hns. Geirw (Llanfachreth, Corwen, Mers.), and in the tt1S. Eirw and Rhyd-yr-eirw (Llantrisant, Glams.) (GPC s.v. geirw; 1 93 3 R. J. Thomas: 1 6 1 ] . The term aerwy 'tether' - pronou.11ced ejru in Cardiganshire Welsh - is to my mind less li.�ely as a component in this place-name. Glaneirw had two lodges, Pennanteirw (4-a), and Pennantderyn (4-a) [:inf. I. Davies] . Glandwr -(SN 281 -460)[glan + dWt-] ; [glan'du:r I. Davies] Glandwr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glan-dwr OS 1 834, Glan-dwr OS 1 89 1 , Glan-d\vr O S 1 904 Gland?.T-isa -(SN 273-462)[glan + d\\'f (+ isaf)] ; Glandwr 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.478, Glandv.'f isaf, Ysgoldy Gland�'f 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 1 93 , Glan-dv.T O S 1 891 , Glan�dWr- 0Sc. l 950, Gland\'\'f isaf 0S l 982 b. l 83 1 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 478; 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 93] ; closed 1 86 1 , on Trefaes land (4-a) [ 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 93 ] ; denom I [ l 8 5 1 Rel cens. : 478] . Glanhirwern -(SN 269-467)[glan + h.11. .. Hinvern] ; Tythen Glan Hi..rwern 1 576 Nouadd MSS, Parke yn Ghan Hynvern 1 6 5 1 rent, Glar.hirwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glanr..i..rwen 1 8 1 7sur map, Glanhirwen O S 1 834, Glan-hh'Vvaun O S 1 891 Glannawmor -(SN 265-4 1 8)[glan + lm. Nawmor] ; Glan-na\:vmor OS 1 834, Glana\\.Tmor 1 84 l cens. , Glan-nawm.or OS 1 89 1 , (c) Pwll Glaniaw Mor (prox. ) 1974 J.G.Jen..�ins p. 145, Glanav.mor O S 1 982 Cf Glannmt'mor (LlanfL.lmngel-ar-art..�, Cam1s.), Glann 1\.fawmor [ 1 680 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS: 4 3 ] ; AbemaH'mor (between Gwyddg..rug and Penc.ader).

Glanrhyd -(SN 268-470)[glan + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d I. Davies] Pen y Bank (sic loc. ) 1 8 1 7sur map, Glanrhyd 1 836PR Llandygwy, G!an-rhyd OS 1 891 See Pen-y-banc (4-a). Glynadar -(SN 242=436)[glyn + adar] ; Glyn Adar OS 1 982 Glynnydd -(SN 298-450)[glynnydd] ; Glynydd OS 1 982 C-orslwyd -(SN 281 -487)[y + cors + llwyd] ; Gors Lwyd l 760CF, Corsllwyd OOS 1 8 l l , Gorsellwyd, Gors Lhvyd 1 837TMS, Gorslwyd 1 84l cens., Gors-h'Vyd OS 1 891 Gwaunrefai! -(SN 269-488)[gwaun + �'f + efail] ; [wejn'revel I. Davies] Gwainrefel ? 1 792PR Troedrour, \Vaun-yr-efail O S 1 891 No traces now, the smithy was in the corner of a field according to the account of an old man [inf I. Davies] ; cf Parc-yr-efail (4-a). Gwdit -(SN 285-43 5)[ ? ] ; Gwddit 1 734 NLW Deeds lVIS 1 705, Goodig, Goodit 1 83 9TMS, Goodit 1 84 1 cens. The origi..'lal final consonant seems to be , one of the forms of 1 839 seems to show reanalysis emulati..'lg the better known name Gwdig (Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs: 251�52] . Gwsied -(SN 262-454)[y + *cwsied];

70

(4) IS-COED (c) Park Cwishead ishaf + uchaf 1 8 1 7sur map, Gwshede 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg-.,;vy, Gwshead 1 82 1 PR Llandygwy, Gwrrshade OS 1 834, Goosehead 1 841 cens. The term cwsied is a borrowing from E. gusset, and probably denotes a triangular piece of land. Since it is pronounced ES'kuJed, ES'guJed (Cei-newydd) [ 1934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 308], and ES'kuJiad pl. ES'ku1edi (Bangor) [vVVBD : 309] the literaf'J Welsh form cwysed seems to represent an earlier borrowing; cf Tu yn y Cwisied (Esclusham, Denbs.) [ 1724/25 Coleman MSS] . Gwylah -(SN 288-463)[ ? ] ; Gwylah OS 1 982 Gwynfryn -(SN 287-468) [gwyn + bryn]; [gwmvrm 11. Davies] GwjT..f'f';n OS 1 982 b. 1 904-07 [ i.11f. M. Davies] . Hafod -(SN 257-469)(b.afod]; [hav:ld T. S . Morris, hrav:ld I. Davies] Havod ucha 1 720 Nouadd 11SS, Havod ycha 1 720 FfythTlone MSS p. l 36, Hafod ucha 1 780PR L1andygwy, Havod 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Hafod ucha OOS 1 8 l l , Hafod OS 1 834 Hafod-facl1 -(SN 258-467)[hafod (+ bach)] ; Hafod issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hafod-fach OS 1 834, Havod fach 1 838TMS, Hafod-fiich OS 1 89 1 Haulwyn -(SN 242-448) [haul + gwyn] ; Haulwyn OS 1 982 Henbant -(SN 256-447)[hen + pant]; Tythyn Henbant 1 599 Nouadd M...S S , Henbant 1 747PR Llandygwy, Henebant 1 766 PD, Henbane OOS 1 8 1 2, 'Rhenpant 1 829PR Llandygvvy, Hen-bant OS 1 834, Henbant fawr, Henbant 1 83 9TMS cf. Pencraig-fach (4-a). Hen-Gogerddan -(SN 280-492)[(hen + ) tn. Gogerddan (72�a)] ; [he:ngo'ger�an, g o'ger�an E. Jones, mar ,heng :)'ger�an I. Davies] Gogerddan ftsms 1837T�AS, Gogerddan i\....rrP.s (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Gogerddan A..rms (\Velsh text) 1 907 J.Evans p. 86, Old Gogerddan OS 1 982, (c) Sgwar Gogerddan 1 983 Gambo n. 1 0, (c) ar Riw Gogerddan 1 989 RJones p.237 Lelvis Pryse (t1 779) of \Voodstock (a branch of the Gogerddan family) got Abemant-bychan (8�a) in 1 739, and later Gogerddan itself, so that lands L"'l this area passed to the Gogerddan estate [ 1 979 CER: 8.375-76] . Henysgol Blaenporth -(SN 263-486){(hen +) ysgol + tn. Blaenporth ( 5-a)] ; (i.T,he:n'Isk:l! E. Jones, he·n;}s 'k;Jidi I. Davies] School OS 1 89 1 , Y sgol Blaen-porth 1 989 RJones p. 1 93, Blaenporth C.P. 1 967 WLS See Ysgol-newydd Blaenporth (5-a). Highview -(SN 266-428)[£. high + view]; High View OS 1 982 Iet-fawr -(SN 247-432)[iet + nl}f found in \:Velsh loans macwyj, pn. Cw}fan from l\1!. maccoim [DIL s.v. macco:im ], OI. pn. C6imgen [ 1 993 J. Uhlich: 207]. The f..rst element of the personal-name contains, either: 1 ) the prefix ty- and an un.attested element *cwy; or 2) the element teg 'fair, beautiful' - with unexplained weakened vocalism - and the sufftx -wy. The earliest form (a Welsh source) gives Tegwy 1 200%, and this seew.s confirmed in Landegoe 1 28 1 , Landegey 1 29 1 , but thereafter forw.s in -dog- predominate, with -dyg-, -dig-, -dug and mistakenly -dwg- The late fifteenth-century poet Dafydd Nantmor gives us t.lJe present version Llan Dygwy. The balance of these forms argues for orthograpl>.ic [�], and this favours ty- as the element as there is no reason for teg to become obscure [t�g -] in a composition * Teg111y. The combin..ation is ambiguous in \Velsh, referring either to a rising or to a falli...11g diphthong ( i. e. to //wi// or //uj// respectively) . The forms -oe 1 28 1 , -oy 1 5 1 4, 1 5 1 7, -oye 1 5 64, 1 58 3 , -ay 1 5 83, -wey 1 5 54, 1 556, -way 1 578, 1 5 80, suggest a fall..h'lg diphthong ( i.e. //uj/1), and a fa1.Ji>1g diphthong suits both: 1 ) *cwy (as *kwi: seero.s improbable in a Welsh word of n.ative origin) ; and 2 ) the suffi..x -wy, which is usually realised [uj] or [u ] in southern dialects, e.g. adwy, pibonwy etc. However, the present pronunciation of Llandygwy has a rising diphthong (i. e. [wi]) which seems to go against all the above arguments for a falling diphthong. Nevertheless vve rr..ay have here an unusual late development of [oj] to [wi], which is attested widely in southern Wales i.11 the pronunciation of monosyllabic wy 'egg' as wi: . The pronunciation �v'nadwi :>v'nadwi for ofnadwy 'terrible', is heard, though it is most usually pronounced ov'nadu. We therefore seem to have a unique (and most probably late) development of [oj] to [wi] in this place-name. I can give no more satisfactory explanation of Tygwy!Tegwy until further comparative

*Hygwydd (c. 1400

P.

Riain

equivalent: "His n.ame is cle.arly hypocoristic in fortr�.., the first element beL11g

�

phonological in..formation is marshalled.

Lle-teg

-(SN 286-460)[Ue + teg]; Lle-teg O S 1 982

Llwyndu -(SN 273-484)[llwyn + du] ; [taj'ba:z E. Jones, N. Jones, I . Davies, iujn'di: I. Davies] Y Tay bach 1 657 in 1 650rent, Tir y Llwine Du 1 765 M Richardson MSS p. 3 52, Taie

bach OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Llvvyndu O S 1 834, Lhvyndu 1 83 5PR Llandygwy, Tai bach 1 83 7TMS Blaenportb..., Lhvyndu O S 1 982 Became

Llwyndu

after 1 945

[ir..f I. Davies] ,

probably because

tai-bach

could be understood as rneani..'lg

'toilets'.

L!wyndyrys -(SN 247-434)[llwyn + dyrys] ; [lujn'dins, lujn di ns 'farm a.T pla : s T. S. J\1orris] '

E. A Re.es, lun'd�ns I . Jones, T. S . Morris, �

Lh.vyn Dyrys c. l 600 L. D\vnn vol. l p. 8 3 , Lloyndirris 1 652 Nouadd J\1SS, Llandi..rrys 1 663 in 1 80 8 S . R.:Meyrick p. l 84, Lhvyndiris 1 726 PD, Llwyndyrrys 1 749 Llwyndyrys J\1S S p. 1 7, Lhvyndyris 1 758map J. Butcher, Llwyn Dunis 1 760map E. Bowen.., Llwyndyris 1 760CF, Llwyndyrus 1 796PR Llandygwy, Llwyndyrus 1 803map J. S i...11ger, L\vyndyris 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 1 84, Llwyndyrus OOS 1 8 1 2, Lhvynduris 1 8 1 3PR Llandyg'.x�;, Lhvyn Dyrus 1 8 1 6PR Llangoedmor, Llwyn-duris O S 1 834, Lhvynduris 1 839TMS, Lhvyn-dyrys + Llwyn-dyrys Farm 0 8 1 89 1 , Lhvynduris

+ Llwynduris Farm 08 1 904, Plas Llwynduris

1 974 J. G. Jeth�ins p. l 49, Llwynduris Farm + Lhvynduris J\1ar.sion Hotel O S 1 982

(1 932: 23-27] rnistakerJy connected to Lbvyndyrys to the Penn Llwyn Dianvya mentioned [1 300Y4 (WBRh): 1 ] (which he contended should have been written Lb-�>'}ndianvys); see Pontrhydarberth (3-a). Llwynffynnon -(SN 285-469)[llvi•Jn + y + ffynnon] ; J. Lynn-Thomas

in the l\1abi.'1ogi

Llyn-ffynnon 08 1 89 1 , Llwyn-ffynnon OS 1 904

Llygad-y-fro -(SN 297�452)[llygad + y + bro] ; Llygad y Fro OS 1 982

Llysaeddfed

-(SN 24 1 -458) [llys

+ hn. Aeddfed] ;

Llys-eifed OS 1 982

Loj

-(SN 25 1 -467)(Nouadd Tre�favvr)[E. lodge] ; Lodge O S 1 89 1

Loj Ty-llwyd

-(SN 285-489)[E. loj + Ty-ll¥�;d

(4-a)] ; [�'bd3, bd3,vaz ti'iujd E.

Jones,

bd3,ti'iojd M .

Lodge Tyllwyd 1 84 1 cens. , Lodge OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Gardner bach y Lodge 1 954 ¥/. Jones p .44

73

Davies]

Maengwyn -(SN 270-482)[maen + gv.yn]; Escair y Maen Gwyn 1 65 1 rent, Tythin Yskir y Maen 1 729 Ty-llwyd MSS, l\lf..aengwyn 1 760CF, Maen GW'J!1 1 784PR BlaenportP.., Maengwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Man Gwyn 1 837TMS Maes-yr-awei -(SN 289-461 )[rnaes + yr + awe!] ; Maesyrawel OS 1 982 Maes-y-gelli -(SN 280-454)[maes + y + celli]; [ majs�'gcli M Davies] Maesygelli OS 1 982 Maesgwyn -(SN 278-432)[rnaes + g\\IJ'TI] ; :Maes-gwyn OS1 891 Melinhinvern -(SN 261 -450)[melin + hn. Hirwern] ; Melyn Hirwen 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Hirvven :Mill & Noyadd Mill 1 793 Nouadd MSS , Felin Hirwen 1 807PR Llandygvvy, Hirwen Mill 1 81 7sur map, Fe!in OS 1 834, Ve1i11 Hirwen 1 83 3PR L!angyn!!o, Hinven :Mill 1 839TMS, Felinhirwen 1 846 Nouadd MSS, Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Felin Hirwaun, Corn �/fill OS1 891 Milestone �(SN 273-434)[£. rnile + stone] ; Mile-stone Coedycwm 1 837PR Llandygwy, Mailston 1 84l cen..s. , Milestone House OS1 89 1 , Milestone OS 1 904 Morawei -(SN 274-487)[mor + awe!]; [mor'awel I. Davies] J\1orawel OS 1 982 a recent house [inf L Davies]. Mount -(SN 266-487)[E.tn. Mount[pleasant] (Rhondda, Glams.)] ; [mawnt I. Davies] Mount Pleasant OS1 982, �1ount (sign) Built after 1 9 1 8 by an old collier, and named after A1ountpleasant (Porth, Rhondda, Glarus.) [lnf. I. Davies] . Nant-y-cerdin -(SN 277-441 )[nant + y + cerddin] ; Nantycerdin 1 838PR L1angoedmor, Nant-y-cerdin OS 1 891 This appears to refer to the stream Gwrog, and is probably a more recent alias. Nanteil"V'.r -(SN 276-485)[nant + yr + geirw]; [nant'ejru E. Jones, I. Davies] Nant yr Eyrvvo 1 6 5 1rent, Nant yr Eyrw 1 65 1 rent, Nanteirw 1 830PR Betwsifan, Nant Ei.·-w 081 891 Nantgwgan -(SN 264-446)[nant + pn. Gwgan]; Nant Gwgan 1 65 l rent, Nancwgan 1 827PR Abertei£1.., Nantyg\vgan 1 84l cens. , Na..11t-gwgan OS 1 891 , Nant Cwgan 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 Noddfa -(SN 288-464)[noddfa] ; Noddfa OS 1 982 North Lodge -(SN 269-437)(Blaenpant)[E. north + lodge]; Blaen-pant-lodge OS 1 89 1 , North Lodge OS 1 982, The North Lodge 1 985 J.Lowe p. 36 Built after 1 8 1 5 [ 1 985 J. Lowe: 36] . Nouadd Tre=fawr -(SN 258-462)[neuadd + tn. Tre-fawr]; [n;Jja� I. Jones, T. S . .l\1orris, a'n;Jja�, n;Jja� ,tre'vowr I. Davies] Noiadd 1 58 5 F.Green MSS vol 25 p.477, Noyath 1 599 Nouadd MSS , Noyadd 1 599 Nouadd MSS, Neuodd c. l 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p.28, Trefavvr yr Henevaydd c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 56, Trefawr als. Noyath 1630 Nouadd l\ASS, Noyath, Noyodd Trevav.'I 1 63 3 EEW MSS, Noyadd Trevawr 1 652 Nouadd W..SS, Noyath Tre vawr 1 664 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p.40, Tir y Noyath va\\, (c) hnw,park'wejt> T. S. J\tiorris] (c) Teir Rees y Gweyth 1 5 8 8 Nouadd MS S, Parkgweidd 1 84 1 cens. , Parcgweydd OS 1 89 1 , Parkgweydd 1 926 TS 1 0/09/26, Parcgweydd Hill 1 929 TS 3 0/08/29, Parcgweydd, (c) Parcg\veydd Hill OS 1 982 (c) 'Iandes called' Rice ap Gwyth Landes [1 554 CalPR: 96] ; (c) Teire TUgM1ye 'being part of the lands late given to the l>...igh altar of Llandyg\\y church for the rr1aintenance of light', near (c) Tir R�ys y Gwehydd [1 588 Nouadd MSS]; Fern Villa, b.c. 1 843, was the f..rst house built on Rhnv Parcgorveydd [ 1 929 TS 30/08/29] . Pardlyn -(SN 273-463 ) [parc + y + llyn]; (park'im I. Davies] Parclyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parc-y-llyn OS 1 834, Park-y-llyn 1 84 1 cens . , Parcllyn O S 1 982 A little lake is shO\vn nearby

Parc�y-r.hos

(1 817sur map] . [park�'hro:s E. Jones, I. Davies]

-(SN 265-482)[parc + y + rhos] ;

Pare y �h.os OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parc-y-rhos OS 1 834, Parkyros 1 83 7PR Betwsifan, Parc-y-rhos OS 1 982 Four new house built here since 1 980 [inf. I.

Parcstigl

-(SN 26 1 -486) [parc

Davies] .

+ y + stigl] ;

Parc�ystigl O S 1 8 34, Park-y-stigil 1 84 1 cens. , Parcksticil, Parkystigil 1 85 7 Pengelli J'.ASS, Parc-ystigl O S 1 89 1 , Parc-sticil 1 924-25 CSRLS 5

In ruLns [OS1 904]; a new house on its site [OS1 982] . The form stigl, rather t}l.an sticl is restricted to Dyfedeg, e . g. sbg d pl. sbgle (Moylgrove, Pembs.) [:i.P£ I. Ja.111es ]; cf Sticlau (Llangyndeym, Ca.rms.). Parcty•.vad -(SN 24 1 -447)[parc + y + tyv1od] ; [park'twa:d , old name ke·ven T. S . J'.Aorris] Park y Twad 1 78 6PR Llandygv.;y, FfyrL11on fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Park-twad OS 1 834, Park Twad 1 83 9TMS, Parc-twad OS 1 89 1 , Park-twad OS 1 904

Parctywad Cottage

-(SN 236-45 3 ) [tn. Parctywad

(4-a) + E. cottage] ; [park,twa:d'k�ted3, no\V f;)n�n 'dawel T .

S. Morris] Parc-twad OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 839TMS]. Penrallt -(SN 248-4 1 5)[pen + yr + allt] ; Ty-nev.ydd O S 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 0Sc. l 950, Pemallt Cottage O S 1 982 b. bet. l 839-91

Penallt-y-biau

[ 1 8391MS; 081 89 1 ] .

-(SN 264-442)[pen + alit + tn. [Clyd-]y-bi:a u] ;

[penrait�'bie T .

S . Morris]

Tire Klyd y Beye ? 1 630 Nouadd J\1S S, Glydibie ? 1 6 5 1 rent map, PenaLh.t y Gibie 1 702 Brom\')'dd MSS , Per.alltygybie 1 708/09 Bromx.')'dd l\.1S S, Pengalltgybie 1 71 6 i11 1 808 S.Rl\.1eyrick p. 1 83 , Penalltgybbie 1 757PR Llandygv.')', Pengalltgiybie 1 804PR Llandygvvy, Penyralltybie OOS 1 8 1 2, Penalltybie 1 8 1 6PR Llandygwy, Penallybie 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.y, Pen-allt-y-bie OS 1 834, Penallt y Bie 1 83 9TMS, Penalltbie 1 84 1 cens . , Pen'ralltybie 0Sc. 1 950, Penrallt-y-bie Farm OS 1 982 The meaning

of Clyd-y-biau (wbich the forms appear to represent) is difficult,

the flrst element is possibly

a garbled form of clun, whilst the secDnd element is reminiscent of Penrhiwblau

Penallt-y-ffynnon -(SN 285-43 3 ) [pen + allt + y + ffynnon] ; [perait�'fm:m E.

1..1...

(32-a).

Rees]

Pen-'rallt OS 1 834, Penallt y Ffynnon 1 83 9TJ'.v1S, Pen-allt-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Penrallty±Fjnon 1 896 Joh..� Francis MSS vol 2 p. l 2, Penrallt Ffyrmon OS 1 982

Penarth

-(SN 264-482)[tn. Penarth

(Glarus.)] ;

Pen-arth OS 1 982

Pen-y=banc -(SN 268-47 1 )[pen + y + bane] ; Tir Pen y Bank 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Penybank 1 765PR Aberportb_, Penyban..k. 1 8 1 4PR Aberporth, Pen y Ban..k. 1 839TMS

Pen-y-bont

-(SN 272-472)(Bow!s)(pen + y + pont] ;

76

(4) IS-COED Pen-y-bont O S 1 89 1 , Pant'jcelyn OS 1 982

Penbont Cenarth

-(SN 267-4 1 7)[pen + y + pont + tn. Cenarth (Carms.)] ;

Tir Pen Pont Genarth 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Pen Pont Genvarth 1 6 5 l rent, Pen Pont Kennarth 1 760CF, Pontgarreg vach 1 83 7

i..fJ. 1 903 G. E. Evans p. 3 9, Bridgend 1 84 l cens. , Capel CeP.arth OS 1 89 1 , Capel Farm

OS 1 98 2 S e e Capel Cenarth

Pen-y-bryn

(4-a).

-(SN 293 -457)[pen + y + bryn] ;

Pen-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 -(SN 292-456)[pen + y + caeau] ;

Pencaeau

Pen-'caeau OS 1 834, Eirianfa OS 1 904

Pencnwc -(SN 274-475) [pen + y + cnwc] ; Penycnwc OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencnwk 1 83 9PR Llandyg\vy

Pencraig -(SN 264-452)[pen + craig] ; Krayg y Noyadd 1 65 1 rent, Pencraig 1 775PR Llandygv.")', Pencraig 1 8 1 7sur rnap,

(c) Allt Pencraig

OS 1 89 1

Pencraig-fach

- (SN 256-452)[pen + craig (+ bach)] ;

Pencraig fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Pencraig als. Henbantfach 1 83 2 Llwyndyrys .l\AS S p. 22, Pengraig fach, Pencraig fach 1 83 9TMS, Pencraig-rach OS 1 89 1 Cf Henbant (4-a). Pencwarre -(SN 236-448)[pen + y + cwarre] ; [peu'kware

T. S. l\.1orris, I. Jones]

Penquarau 1 83 8PR Llandygvry, Penquarrau 1 841 cens . , Pen-quarry OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cwarre OS 1 904 ..

Penddo! -(SN 261 -434)[pen + y + dol] ; Pen Ddole 1 827PR LlandygvJ'f, Cvvm-yr-hebog OS 1 834, Pen-ddol OS 1 89 1

Penfai -(SN 2 5 1 -424)[pen + y + bai ?] ; [pen'vaj T.

S . ]\ 1orris] ..

Penfay OOS 1 8 1 2, Penyfai 1 820PR Llandygwy, Penfae O S 1 834, Penfau, Pen y Fau 1 83 9TMS, Pen y Fan 1 83 9TiviS {v. l. MRichards} , Pen-fai O S 1 89 1

Penfai-isa -(SN 2 5 0-423) [pen + y + bai ? (+ isaf)] ; Penfai�issa 1 835PR Llandyg'vvy, Penfai issa 1 84 l cens. , Pen=fai�isaf 0Sl 89 1

Penffordd

-(SN 27 1 -488)[pen + y

+ ffordd] ; [pen'f�r�, tre'marv�r I.

Davies]

Penlon Taibach 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-ffordd OS 1 89 1 I n ruins at present, Tremaifor b. l 920s (adj . ) Pengraig -(SN 270-4 1 9) [pen + y + craig];

(inf. I . Davies ] .

Pen y Graig 1 760CF, Pen y C-.raig 1 803map J. S inger, Penygraig OOS 1 8 1 2, Pengraig >1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Pen-y-graig Farm O S 1 982 Refers to Allt-y-graig (4-b).

Penlan

[pe'lan (ti 'iujd)

-(SN 280-484)(Ty-lhvyd) [pen + y + glan] ;

E. Jones]

Penylan 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Penllan 1 760CF, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan OS 1 8 34, Penlan 1 837TMS

Penlan-fach(i)

-(SN 256-446)(Blaenpant)[pen + y

+ glan (+ bach)] ;

Penglanfach 1 756PR Llandygv.'Y, Penlan fach 1 760CF, Penlone-back ? 1 793PR Llandygv.')', Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , PePJan fach OOS 1 8 1 2, Penlanfach 1 8 1 4PR Llandygv.y, Pen Ian fach OS 1 834, PePJan Cottage ?? 1 83 6PR Llandygvvyr, Pen-lan-ffich O S 1 89 1

The -fach is in opposition to Penlan-fcnvr ( 4-a), some 2km WSW. Penla.•1-fach(ii) -(SN 279-456)(Trefaes)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; Pen-lan-rach OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-rach 0Sc. l 950, Pedan OS 1 982

Penlan-fawr -(SN 232-43 6)(Lhvyndyrys)[pen 'Ian T. S. Morris]

+ y + glan (+ mav.'f)] ;

[pen'lan

T. S . l\.1orris, I. Jones,

pla:s ,pen

PePJan 1 766 PD, Pepl51n OOS 1 8 1 2, PePJan O OS 1 8 1 4, PePlan O S 1 834, Pen-y-lan O S 1 89 1 , Penlan-fawr 1 964 CER vol. 5 p . 54, Penylan Farm + Penylan �1ansion OS 1 982 The m.ar�ion \Vas built by �1organ Jones

Penl on( i)

in 1 83 4 [ 1972 CER: 7.67] .

-(SN 249�469)(Parcgors)[pen + y + lon] ;

Park M�i.fl als.

PePlone

1 83 0> Nouadd MSS, Penlon 1 83 7PR Llandyg\vy, PePlone

Llangoecirnor, Pen-Ion OS 1 89 1

Penlon(ii)

-(SN 271 -473)(Bm.vls)[pen + y + !on] ;

[pen'lo:n I .

Pen-lon O S 1 89 1

77

Davies]

1 83 8TMS

(4) IS-COED Penlon(iii) -(SN 269-438)(Capeltyg"''Y)[pen + y + Ion] ; Pen-lon OS 1 834 Penllwyndu -(SN 240-458)[pen + y + lhvyn + du] ; [peniujn'di: T. S. J\1orris] PePJhvyndu 1 783PR Llandygwy, Pen-lhvyn-du OS 1 834, Pen Llv.yn Du 1 833PR Llandygv.), Pen-llwyn­ du (P.H.) OS1 891 Pennantderyn -(SN 274-499)[pen + l:m. Nantderyn] ; [penant'erm, now grli'de:g I. Davies] Blaen Nant y Deryn 1 65 l rent, Pennant y Derin 1 803map J. Singer, Pennantderyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pennantderyn 1 837Th1S, Pem1ant-deryn 1 966 D.I. Jones p.58 \Vas a lodge to Glaneinv (4-a) [inf. I. Davies] ; see 1\lantderyn (5-a). Pennanteirw -(SN 277-490)[pen + h_n. Nanteirw] ; [hejlvrm E. Jones, hajlvrm I. Davies] Ymlaen Nant yr Eyrwo 1 65 l rent, Pen-nant-eiryn (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-nant-eirw OS 1 904, Pen-nant-ei.n.v OSc. 1 95 0, Haulfryn OS 1 982 \Vas a lodge to Glaneirw (4-a) [:ir..f. I. Davies] . Pennsylvania -(SN 237-44l)[E.tn. Perm.sylvw.ia (USA)] ; SalvaPia OS 1 89 1 , Pensylvania OS 1 904 Penrhipyn -(SN 243 -435)[pen + y + rhipyn] ; Penrhipi.'1 1 84 l cens., Pen-rhibin OS 1 89 1 Penrhiw �(SN 263-448)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-rhiw OS1 891 Penrhiwnawfed -(SN 254-423)(pen + y + rhi·w + pn. ft._p.avA'edd ? ] ; [riW'nawved T. S. J\1orris] Pen-rhiw-nawfed OS 1 89 1 , (c) R.lllw-nav.1'ed 1 924-26 CSRLS 46 The meaning of nmtfed is 'ninth', but tr.is seerns an unlikely in IlY'..aning, as well as in construction, the same term seems to appear L"l Y."lys '"7\fawved 1 63 3 (R,�ondda, Glams.) [ 1 9 1 4 AC: 385 ] . Both this name and the Glamorgan name may contain OW.f pn. Anauued [c. l l 40 LL: 130] , this would be MnW. Anawfedd, the fmal [-6] ---+ [-d] can be compared to CardigansPire W. cynted � cyntedd, and Llansulfed (1 4-a) � Llansulfedd. Penrhos -(SN 257-477)[pen + y + rhos]; [blajn'hro:s ? I. Davies] Pen-rhos OS 1 89 1 I n ruins [ :in£ I. Davies]. Pentre-gwinau-fach -(SN 257-43 5)[pentref + gv.rir1au (+ bach)] ; Pentre Gwine fach, Pentregwinne bach 1 83 9TMS, Pentre-g\vyn-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pentregwine-rach OS 1 904 Pentre-gwinau-fawr -(SN 257-433)[pentref + gwinau (+ m.awr)] ; [pentre'gwine T. S. Morris] Pentreg\vine 1 805PR, Pentregwyn OOS 1 8 1 2, Pentregwine 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg\V'J, Pentreg\xr�11edd 1 820PR Llandygwy, Pentre Gwenedd OS1 834, Pentre GwiJme rnav.'f 1 839TlV,.S, Pentre-gv.yn OS 1 89 1 , Pentregwine 0Sc. l 950 Penwennallt -(SN 281 -41 5)[pen + y + gwen + allt] ; [pen'wenait E. A. Re.es] Tuthi.11 y Wennallt als. Ffynnon Vidir 1 583 Nouadd MSS , Tyddyn Gwenallt + FfYnnon [ ] 1 587 Nouadd �AS S, Tythyn Pen y Wenallt 1 623 Coedmor l\1S 5 54, Ff1P...11on Ffyder 1 65 1 rent, WeP.allt 1 71 9 Bronv.ydd MS S, Pen y \Venallt 1 724 Aberglasney lMS 126, \Venalt 1 737 Bronwydd l\1S S, Place Pen y \Venallt 1 760CF, Pen y \VeP..allt 1 760rr..ap E.Bowen, Pen y \Venalt 1 765map E. Bowen et a/. , Penywer..allt OOS 1 8 1 2, Penwenallt 1 83 9TMS, Penywen.rmllt 1 979 CER vol. 8 p.465 Penwem-fach -(SN 266-437)[pen + y + gwern (+ bach)] ; [peu,gwar'va:x, T. S. Morris] Pen y '''rene ffechan 1 65 1 rent, Penwern fach OOS 1 8 12, Pengwernvach 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Penwern fach 1 8 1 4PR L!andygv.'Y, Pen-wern-fach OS1 834, Pen-\vern-ffich O S 1 891 Penwem-fawr -(SN 266-430) [pen + y + gwern (+ ma\vr)] ; [peu,gwar'vowr T. S . Morris] Pen y Wern 1 599 Nouadd l\1SS , Pen y Werne 1 6 5 1 rent, Penywern fa\;\'f 1 77 1 PR Llandygwy, Pen Wenn fa\\lf 1 803map J. Singer, Penwernfav.'f 1 805PR Llandyg\\"'j, Penwern fav..T OOS 1 8 1 2, Pen-wern-fawr OS 1 834, Pengwernuchaf l 904 J.Evans p. 338 Plas-newydd -(SN 287-460)[plas + newydd] ; Plaswith OOS 1 81 1 , Place Wblth 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifatl, Pills Whith 1 8 1 7PR Llangoedmor, PHis-newydd 08 1 834, Placenewydd 1 83 8Tl\1S, Plas-newydd O S 1 89 1 Pont-Hilwern -(SN 262-4 5 1 )[pont + lm . Hirwern] ; [p:mt'hrrwen T . S. l\1orris, I. Jones, p:lnt'erwen I. Davies, A6p�nt';Jrwen (Mwldan dialect) 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 3 3 5]

78

(4) IS�COED Penbont Hi..-..va:in 1 766-67 in 1 946 T.Bey.'!lon p. 1 67, Pont Hi.,.ven 1 803map J. Singer, Ponterv1en OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pont Hirwem OOS 1 81 2, Pont Hirwen 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Pont Hirwen 1 8 1 7sur w..ap, Pont Hirwai.11 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Pont-hi.rwen OS 1 834, Ponthyrwen 1 837PR Llandygwy, Ponthi.l\vaun OS 1 89 1 Postgwyn -(SN 261 -456)[post + g\vyn] ; Postgvv"jt1 1 809PR Penbryn, Post Gv.ry'n OOS 1 8 1 1 , (c) Park Post Gv.ry'n 1 8 1 7sur map, Post-gv.ryrn OS1 834 PwU-y-broga -(SN 270-468)[pwll + y + broga]; [pu!�'broga, now derlujn I. Davies] Pwll y Broga OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pwll-y-broga 1 8 1 8PR Aberteifi, Pwll-y-broga OS 1 834, Pwllybroga 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Derhvyn OS 1 982 \Vhilst one could :interpret the term broga 'frog' as being depreciatory, one should keep in wind that water was considered fit drirJ( if frogs were found swimming in it [it'1f. I. Davies]. PwU-llaca -(SN 247-421 )[pwll + l1!=tca] ; Pwll-llacka 1 756PR Llandygwy, Pwllacka 1 80 1 Lhvyndyrys M..S S, P·wl!-llacca 1 825PR Llandygwy, P\vll Llaca OOS 1 8 1 9, Pwllaca 1 836PR L!andyg\\'Y Rhipynlhvyd-isa -(SN 287-427)[rhipyn + lhvyd (+ isaf)]; .Rhippi.11lhvyd, F..hippi.11 Lhvyd ishaf l 83 9TMS, R..hibyn-lh\'Yd Woollen Factory 0S l 89 l , RbipyPJlwyd Woollen Factory 0S l 904 Rhipynllwyd-ucha -(SN 285-428)[rP..ipyn + lhvyd (+ uchaf)] ; [npm'hJjd E. A Rees] P lrippin Lhvyn 1 757 Bromvydd l\.1SS , Rhippin Lhvyd 1760CF, RippirJlv.'Yd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rl>Jpinlhvyd 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, R.t�ipyrn-llwyd O S 1 834, R.thJppi.>Jllvvyd 1 832PR Llandyfr1og, Rr..ipp:inllwyd�ucha 1 853 REvans 1\tf.SS, F..hibyn-11\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Rhiwson -(SN 286-424)[rP..iw + pn. Sian]; [�nw'so:n, nw'so:n E. A Rees] Troed-y-r}-!Jw-sion OS 1 89 1 , TroedrP..ivv'sion 0Sc. 1 950, Troed-y-rhi\v-sion OS 1 982 See Troedrhiwson (4"a), cf Rlziwson (1 5-a). Rhos-fach -(SN 266-487)[rhos (+ bach)] ; [hro·s'va:x I. Davies] F�hos-rach 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-y-gaer iP.f This has now taken the name of Rhyd-y-gaer (5-a), \vhich is i.'1 ruiP..s [inf. I. Davies] . Rhos=fawr -(SN 265�479)[rhos (+ IT'.avlf)] ; [hro,§'vowr I. Davies] F�hos fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , F..hos-fawr OS 1 834 Rhos-isa -(8N 254-483)[rhos (+ isaf)] ; [hro·s'iJa I. Davies] P �os 1 837TMS, Rhos-isaf O S 1 89 1 R..hosmaen -(SN 264-483)[rhos + y + maen] ; [hro·s'ma:n I . Davies] Rhos-y-maen OS 1 89 1 , F�hosmaen OS 1 982 Rhos-ucha -(SN 256-480)[rhos (+ uchaf)] ; [hro·s'wen, hro:s we said I. Davies] Rhose Blaen Ffrydmore 1 720 Nouadd l\1SS , Rhos als. Blaen Frydmore 1 757 Nouadd l\.1SS, R�os 1 760CF, Tyr y Rhose 1 765 M.Fichardson MSS p. 352, Blaenfridmore c. l 795 Coe�mor MS 546, Rhos 1 803map J. S inger, Rhos OOS 1 81 4, F�hos ucha 1 826PR Aberporth, F..hos OS 1 834, Rhos-wen OS 1 891 , Rhos-\ven OS 1 982 Rhyd -(SN 250-428)[rhyd]; [hri:d T. S. l\1orris] Rhydffyn..11ondde�'Y OOS 1 8 1 2, Rh..yd 1 832PR Llandyg'A'Y, F�hyd OS 1 834, Rhyd l 839TMS, Rhyd OS1 89 1 , Rhyd OS 1 904, Rhyd + F..hyd Farm OS 1 9 82 Rhyd Cottage -(SN 249-429)[tn. Rhyd (4-a) + E. cottage] ; Rhyd fach ? 1 834PR Llangoedmor, P hyd Cottage O S 1 982 Rbydgoti =(SN 264-447)[rhyd + y + coti]; Rhyd-gotti 1 777PR Llandygwy, F�hydgotty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydgotty OOS 1 81 2, Rhydcotti 1 828PR Betwsifan, Fllyd-y-gotty OS 1 834, Rhygoty 1 841 cens. , Cwrty 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-coti OS 1 904, Fllydcoti 1 924-26 C8RLS 35, Rhydycoty 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, F..hyd-coti 08c. l 950, Arwel OS 1 982 The word coti seems to have been borrowed from the English of southern PembrokesrJre and adopted :into south-western dialects of \Velsl1, cf Cotty Hook als. Hook Cottage 1 852 (unloc., Puncheston), � E. coty [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 77]; Pont-y-goti (I'Jevem), Cotty (prox. ) 1 84 1 , Pont Gottyrhwch 1 89 1 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 155]; Goti (Maenclochog), Gottywhiat 1 600 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 103] . The term coty meani.11g 'cottage' is known in \Velsh litterary from the eighteenth century onwards as a masculine noun [ GPC s.v. coty], an example of its use is by J. V. Morgan [1897: 1 38] describing the cP..ildhood of J. Rlt Jones (better known as Kilsby) in .....

.....

....

.....

79

(4) IS-COED nineteenth century Carmarthenshire: "Dechreuodd ei fYd mevm cotty bycr..an, ynglyn a'r hvvn yr oedd digon o ddaear i gadw dwy fuwch a cheffyl. "

Rwbri -(SN 284-458)[tn.

R\vbri [p;Jl] als. Rhos-hul (3-a)];

[robri

M. Davies]

Rv,rbri Hill 1 772PR Blaenport!I, Rv1bry 1 8 1 5PR Bet\vsifan, Rwbri 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Rubry 1 84 1 cerls. , Rwbr; OS 1 89 1 , Rwbr; OS. l 950, Glasfr;n OS 1 982 This r..ame probably emulates an earlier alias of

PJws-hul (3-a),

which because of its l\.1iddle English

appearance is likelier to have been the original r..ame at �qhos-hul, just above l km away from the borough of Abe rte{fi (1-a). Sawmill -(SN 247-4 1 5) [E.

saw + mill] ;

[(aher'ki:x;) so·mdz

T. S. �1orris]

Saw l\1ill OS 1 982 b. 1 960s, removed from Abercuch (Pcmbs.) [ inf.

Sgotlan -(SN 247-443)[tn.

Sgotland] ;

[sk::ltlan

T. s. Morris ].

T. S . Morris]

Little Scotland 1 756 Lhvyndyr;s �1S S p . l 8, Scotland 1 766 PD, Scotland 1 789PR Llandyg\vy, Scotland Hill OOS 1 8 1 2, Scotland Hill O S 1 834, Scotland 1 83 9Tl\1S, Scotland Hill Farm O S 1 89 1 This place was named by either

Penlan-fawr (4-a) Tbis fawily

Thomas A1akeig - the father ( t l 764)

or the son (£1 1 72 1 -66) - who held

on a lease of tb.ree lives from John Symmons of Llanstinan (Pembs.)

is found

(1964 CER: 5.54-75] .

in. the area as early as 1 706 (and they may have been Convenanters who had fled

troubles in S cotland) [ 1 972 CER: 7.7 1 ] ; cf (c8 5 l ) Park Makeig (Nouaddwilym land) [1 838TI\1S Llangoedmor] . South Lodge -(SN 256-44 l )(Blaenpant)[E. south + lodge] ; South Lodge OS 1 89 1 , The Lodge OS 1 982, The South Lodge 1 98 5 J.Lowe p. 3 6 Built before 1 8 1 5 [ 1 985 J . Lowe: 3 6] .

Surmai -(SN 280-43 1 ) [tn.

? ];

Surmai O S 1 982

Swittdon Villa -(SN

298-450)[E. tn. S'vvindon + villa] ;

Swi.11don Villa OS 1 982

Tafarnbugaii -(SN 2 50-462)[tafam + y + bugail] ; [tavarn' bigel

T. S. Morris]

Tavarn y Bigel 1 720 Nouadd :MSS , Tafarnbugail OOS 1 8 1 4, Tavern y Bigel 1 8 1 7sur map, Tavern y Bigail 1 826PR Llandygwy, Tafarn-y-bugail O S 1 834, Tavern Bigail l 83 7 Nouadd l\1SS, Tavern y Bigel 1 83 9TMS

Tanbanc -(SN

245-422)[tan + y + bane] ;

Dan y Bank 1 83 1 PR Llandygwy, Danybank 1 84 1 cens. , Tan-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , TanbaP..k Villa OS 1 982

Tan-y-bryn

-(SN 242-454) [tan + y + bryn] ;

Danybnm OOS 1 8 1 4, Dan-y-bryn OS 1 834, Tan-y�bryn O S 1 89 1

Tandderwen

-( SN 256-449)[tan

+ y + derwen] ;

Tan-drwyn OS 1 89 1 , Tan-dderwen OS 1 904

Tanfalier -(SN 275-47 l )[tan + y + ?

];

[tan'valjer,

now dol'wer6

I.

Davies]

Tan-y-falier O S 1 89 1 , Tan-y=falier O S 1 904, Dolwerdd O S 1 982 Cf Tanfalier (41 -a). Tangelynnen -(SN 273-43 1 )[tan + y + celyru1en] ; Danygehnen 1 84 1 cens. , Tan-gelynen OS 1 89 1

Tangraig -(SN 288-425)[tan + y + craig] ; [tag'grajg

E.

A. Rees]

Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1

Tan-yr-onnen -(SN 270-43 1 ) [tan + yr + onnen] ; Danyronen 1 84 1 cens . , Dan-yr-onen OS 1 89 1 , Danyronen 1 9 1 4 \Velsh..rnan 1 0/07/ 1 4

Tanrhiw -(SN 278-43 1 ) [tan + y + rhiw] ; Damhyw OOS 1 8 1 2

TrecWn

-(SN 256-45 8)[tref + yr + c\vn] ; TreC\.\'Il 1 77 1 Nouadd �ASS, Trecwn OOS 1 8 1 4, Tre Cvm 1 8 1 7sur IP..ap, Tre-cwm OS 1 834, Trec\'X.'Il 1 837PR Llandyfr1og, Tre C\\'Il 1 839Tl\1S

Trefaes-fach -(SN 279-462)[tref + rr..aes

(+ bach)] ;

Tythyn Tre Vaes ycha 1 589 Nouadd MSS , Tre Vas vach 1 720 Nouadd MS S, Trefasfach 1 793 Nouadd l\A� S, Trefas fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Trefaes fach 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Tre-faes-fach O S 1 834, Trefase fach 1 8 1 7sur map

Trefaes-fawr -(SN 277-458)[tref + rr.aes (+ mawr)] ; 80

(4) IS-COED Trevaes 1 541/42 Nouadd 11S S, Trefbaes 1 6 5 1 rent, Tre Vas va\vr 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Tre-vaes 1 760map E.Bower1, Tre Vaes keP.nol {prox.) 1 77 1 Nouadd M...S S, Trefas 1 776PR Blaenportb-, Trefas fawr 1 803w..ap J. Si.11ger, Trefas fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tre-ffis 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Tre-faes-fa\vr OS 1 834, Trefase fawr 1 81 7sur map, Trevas fa\vr 1 82 1 REvans MSS, Tre-faes-ffich O S 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dan Tre-fa's 1 989 R.Jones p. l 60 Trenova (SN 286-461 )[ ? ] ; Trenova O S 1 904 Troedrhiw!oergam -(SN 28 1 -426)[troed + rhiw + lloergan]; [tre'v�rgan E. A Rees] Rlm' Loerglia 1 65 l rent, Troedyrl>iv'.r Loergan 1 734 NL\V Deeds MS 1 705, Troedyrhyvvfergam OOS 1 8 1 2, Troed-y-rhiw-fyrgam OS 1 834, Troedf)".V Lorgam 1 83 0PR Llandygv.ry, Troed y Rhv.r Lorgam 1 83 1 PR Llandygwy, Troed Rr,iw Foergam, Troedrh.�ivv Loergam 1 839TM:S, Troed Rhiw Vergam 1 878 . AC p.236, Troedrhiwfergam OS 1 904, Troedrhiwforgan 1 91 4 Welshrrmn 1 0/07/ 1 4 The origi.11al lloergan seems t o have developed to lloergam, and the P.ame \vas reanalysed by 1 8 1 2 as containing the adjective bergam 'bandy-legged'. Troedrhiwson -(SN 282-425)[troed + rl>iw + pn. S i6n] � [tr:)d'nw E. A. Rees] Troed y R.hiw, R.hiwar Soy 1 65 1 rent, Troedrhiwsone 1 772PR Llandygwy, Troedyrhiw Sone 1 775PR Llandygv.;y, Trodrhiw Son 1 777PR Llandygwy, Troedrhiwson 1 8 1 8PR Llandygwy, Troed y R.hyw Shon, Troed y Rhyw Shon 1 832PR Llandygwy, Troed-y-rhiw-sion OS 1 834, Troedrbiwshon 1 839TM...S , Trodyrhyv.rson, Rhywson (prox. ) 1 84 l cens., Troedrhiwshon 1 853 R.Evans M:SS, Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 89 1 See Rlriwson (4-a). Tj"'rallt -(SN 249-429)[ty + yr + allt] � Ty'r-allt OS 1 89 1 , Ty'r-allt 0Sc. 1 950, Tanrallt OS 1 982 Ty' rardd -(SN 258-464)[ty + yr + gardd] � Ty-gardd OS 1 891 , Ty'r Ardd O S 1 904 Ty'rddol -(SN 263-4 1 9)[ty + yr + dol] ; Ty'r Ddol 1 825PR Llandygwy, Tir-ddol OS 1 834, Ty'r-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Ty nev.,.rydd-Tyrddol 1 9 1 4 Job.n Francis MSS vo1. 2 p. l 05, Ty'r-ddol 1 989 R.Jones p . 92 Tyddyndu -(SN 269-429)[tyddyn + du]; Tythyndu 1 836PR Llandyfr'iog, Tyddin Du 1 839Tiv!S, Tyddyn-du OS 1 891 Ty�hen -(SN 283 -468)[ty + hen]; [ti'he:n J\1. Davies] Treyrayrarn 1 708 Nouadd MSS, Trehayarn fach 1 708 Nouadd MSS, Tuy Hen va\vr 1 758 note in 1 708 Nouadd MSS , Ty Hen OOS 1 8 l l , Ty-hen OS 1 834, Ty Hen 1 837TMS, Ty-hen 0Sc. 1 950 This land [i.e. Trehayam fach] is now let as part of Ty-hen fcrwr . . . and the house was then fallen dov'I. l [ 17 58 note in 1 708 Nouadd :MSS ] . Ty' riet -{SN 273-464) [ty + yr + iet] � Ty'r-iet 1 84 1 cens. , Ty'r-iet OS 1 89 1 Ty-llwyd -(SN 285-482)[ty + llwyd] ; [ti'iujd I. Davies, pla:s,ti'iujd, farm,ti'iujd E . Jones] Tyllwyd 1 7 1 8 Bronv.'Ydd l\.1SS, Ty Loyd 1 720 Brom"'Ydd 1\1SS, Tyllv.'Yd 1 75 6 Ty-llwyd MSS, Tyhvyd 00S l 8 l l , Tyllwyd als. Tyrllwyd 1 826 LlaPJl)rr MSS, Ty-ll\:\.iyd OS 1 834, Ty-11\Nyd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-llwyd 0Sc. l 950, Tylhvyd + Tyllwyd Home Farm OS 1 982 Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 253-41 9)(Ystradmor)[tY + newydd] � [ti'newi T. S. Morris] Newhouse OS 1 89 1 , Ty nev.'Ydd OS 1 982 b.bet. l 83 9-91 [ 1 8391MS; 081 891 ] . Ty-newydd(ii) -{SN 275-441 )(Blaengwrog)[tY + newydd] � Ty-nev;ydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 2 89-462)(Biw-la)[tY + ne\-\'Ydd]; Tynewydd 1 83 7Th1S Betwsifan Ty-poeth -(SN 269-448)[tir + poeth] � Tyrpoeth 1 760CF, Trepoeth 1 789PR Troedrour, Ty Poeth 1 794PR Llandygwy, Typoeth 1 805PR Troedrour, Tipweth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-poeth O S 1 834, Tyrboeth 1 84 l cens., Ty-poeth 0Sc. 1 950 Undergrove -(SN 248-445)[E. under + grove] ; Undergrove OOS 1 8 1 4, Undergrove 1 835PR L1andygwy, Undergrove Cottage OS 1 89 1 Waun-fach -(SN 285-423)[y + gwaun (+ bach)] � [wejn'va:x E. A Rees] \Vainfach 1 84 l cens., \Vaun-rach OS 1 891 -

81

(4) IS-COED \Vaunfe!ys �(SN 274-43 1 ) [y + gwaun + melys]; Waun Felis 1 839TMS, WaiP.felis 1 84l cet1S. , Waun OS 1 891 Wemdeg -(SN 284-459)[y + g\vem + teg] ; [���b�ug!o old name, wern 'de:g M. Davies] \Vemdeg OS 1 982 Renamed TYemdeg because of a connection between the new oVvners with Wem-net-�ydd (22�a) (inf M. Davies] . Wem-fach -(SN 278-430)[y + gwem + bach] ; \VeiT'J'ach 1 828PR Llandygwy, Wern-fach OS 1 834, \Vern-tach OS 1 89 1 Wem Villa �(SN 267-440)(tn. [Pen]wem[�fach] (4=a) + E. villa]; \Vern Villa OS 1 982 Windermere -(SN 283-489)[E.L11. Windermere (Westmorland)] ; Windermere OS 1 982 Ysgol Biw!a -(SN 288-46l)(ysgol + tn. Biv1la (4-a)]; Beulah C.P. 1 967 \VLS, School OS 1 982 Ysgol Cenarth -(SN 266-41 9)[ysgol + tn. Cenarth (Ca..rms.)] ; School OS 1 982 Ysgo! Llandygwy -(SN 241 -437)[ysgol + tn. Llandygv.'Y (4-a)] ; [ �sk:l!'eglos, ti'r�sk:ll T. S . .!\1orris] Schs. OS 1 904, Llandygv·vydd V.P. 1 967 \VLS b. 1 847 [1947 TS 25/07/47] ; dosed in 1 970s [inf. T. S. Morris] . Ystradmor -(SN 249-41 8)[ystrad + ma�.vr] ; [stradm:lr (farm + pia:s) T. S . :M.orris] Stradmor ycha ? 1 61 0 Nouadd .!\1SS, Stradmore F.m OOS 1 8 1 2, Stradmor Hill 1 8 1 6PR Llandygv.'Y, Stradmor Hill 1 827PR Llandygwy, Stradmore Hill OS 1 834, Stradmore Hill + Stradmore Cottage ? 1 84 l cei1S. , Stra 1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Pont Ystrad 1 932 J.Lyn..11-Thomas p. 50, Pont Bren Pwll Crwyn 1 974 J. G.Jenkins p. 145, (c) Pwll Aber Arwen, Aberarwen (prox.) 1 974 J.G.JerJ1 271(1332) cart. Tal-llychau (b): 162]). The pP� Sawyl, OW. Sauuil [c.l 1 40 LL: 1 9 1 ] is derived from L.pn. Samuel, and is contained in the Carmarthenshire Llansawyl (Llansawel on OS maps) which is realised locally as ian'sowrl [inf. SWDP, Llansav•el] . \\'bile the forms favour [wJ over [v] it is often difficult to distinguish ..at Helyg stands for * Rhelyg, a word uP..attested in \Velsh, but found in Breton releg and I. reilie meaning 'burial place', from L. reliquice, and found in the toponymy of those countries (D. R Paterson [ 1 926 : 59] gives the old English names of Steepholm and Flatlwlm in the Bristol Channel as respectively Steapan Relice and Bradan Relice, which contain the English adjectives steep and broad with a reflex of L. reliquia? - presuw..ably from Norse through Irish). Such an identification would hinge on whether the common confusion of the place of between a defwite article and following word that begins with or a vowel (cf 1 959 BBCS vol. l 8 p.27 1 ) is attested in other place-names as early as 1 200. Hendre -(SN 260-495) [hendre:fJ; [�r'hendre I . Davies] Hendre OS 1 982 b. 1 93 4, originally a half part of Tanreglwys ( 5-a) [ iP£ I.

Highfield Place -(SN 245- 5 1 2) [E.

Davies] .

high + field + place] ;

Highfield Place OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Hilltop Way -(SN 249-5 1 2) [£.

bill + top + ·way] ;

Hilltop Way O S 1 982 1�.. street.

Kingdom Hall inf b. 1 992

Llain

-(SN 280-492) [E. kingdom + hall];

[iP..f E. Jones] . [lajn D. A.

-(SN 246-490)[llaint

Hughes]

in£ Llainddu -(SN 28 1 -493)[llain + du] ; [iajn'()i: E. Jones] (c) Park Llain Du 1 787sur map, Llainddy 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Llain-ddu OS 1 834, Llain-du OS 1 89 1 The -ddu i s in opposition t o Llainwen (4- a); cf Llainddu-:fach (4�a). Llaindelyn �(SN 247-5 1 3) [llai.'1 + y + telyn] ; [iajn 'delm D. T. Jones] Llaindelyn (sign)

Llwynbedw -(SN 239-503 ) [llv.')'Il + bedw] ; [iujn'bedu D.

T. Jones]

Llwyn-bedw O S 1 891

Llwyncelyn

-(SN 243-499)[llwyn

+ celyn] ; [iujn'kelin E.

Jones]

Llwyn-celyn O S 1 89 1

Llwyncoed -(SN 258-499)[llvrjl1 westfild 'haws I. Davies]

+ y + coed] ;

[mjn'k:>jd

N . Jones, I . Davies,

tnjn'ko·jd

D.

A.

Hughes, now

Llwyncoed 1 792PR Aberporth, Llwyn y Coed c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Llwynycoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lhvyn­ coed O S 1 8 3 4, Llwyn-coed O S 1 89 1 , Lhvyn-coed O S 1 904, Westfield House O S 1 982

Llv.ryngwyn

-(SN 25 5-492)[lhvyn + gwyn] ;

[iujn'gwm I. Davies, D. A.

Hughes]

Llwyn-gwyn OS 1 891

Llyswerydd

-(SN 275-501 ) [llys + tn. Iwerydd] ;

Llys\verydd OS 1 982

Maesamlwg -(SN 272- 5 0 l )[rr..aes + amhvg] ; M..aes-amlwg OS 1 89 1 , Maesamlwg 1 924-25 CSRLS 5

Maes-y-deri -(SN 254-490) [maes + y + deri] ; [majs�'deri

I. Davies, D.

A.

Hughes]

Maesyderi O S 1 982, Maes-y-deri 1 989 R Jones p . 6 1 b. > 1 9 1 0

[ inf I. Davies] ; it has been surrounded by bungalows, and recently Ffordd Lbtyncoed. Maes-y-meillion -(SN 268-508)[maes + y + meillion] ; [ majs�'mejtj:m M. JenkiP.s]

the area has been signposted

Maesymeillion OS 1 982

Manancourt -(SN 277-499)[F.tn.

1\.1aP..ancourt (So:mme, Fra11ce )];

[man�n'ko:rt E.

Jones]

M..a11..ancourt OS 1 982 This was named because in connection with an episode of the Great War of 1 9 1 4-1 8 [inf E.

93

Jones].

(5) IS-COED Mans �(SN 247-49l ) [mans] ; Manse 1 904 J.Evans p. 329 The minister's residence of Capel Blaenannerch (5-a), b. 1 902 [ 1 904 J. Eva.'1S : 3 2 9 ] . Melindyffryn -(SN 258-5 1 1 )[melin + t11. Dyffryn (5-a)] ; [�'velm �1. Jenkins] Com Grist Mill 1 8 1 0map Plas Aberporth, Felin Aberporth OOS 1 8 l l , Dyffryn Mill 1 837TMS, Felin Dyffryn 1 840PR Ferwig, Melin Dyffryn (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Melin Dyffryn (disused) O S 1 904, Mill Cottage (prox. ) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. 1 8 Mountpleasant -(SN 250-507)[E. mount + pleasant] ; �1ount Pleasant Cottage OS 1 89 1 , I\1ount Pleasant OS 1 904 Nant-y-coed -(SN 252-5 1 4) [nant + y + coedL Nant y Coed OS 1 982 This is a modem name which refers to Afon Gi/lA;en (d). Nan.tderyn -(SN 273-489)[nant + yr + adeP;n] ; [nant'erm N. Jones, E. Jones, 1 Davies, now gwmvr:), revel attached to it I. Davies] Tytbin Meredith Jenkin Bedo als. Nant y Derin 1 6 5 1rent, Nant y Derrin 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Nant-aderyn OS 1 834, Nantyderin 1 84 l cens. , Nant-eiryn OS 1 89 1 , Nant-eirw (sic) O S 1 904 See Pennantderyn (4-a). Noddfa -(SN 248-502)[noddfa] ; Noddfa OS 1 982 Panttfwm -(SN 252-50 1 )[pant + y + ffwrn] ; [pant�'furn N. Jones, D. T. Jones] Pant y Fnvrn 1 763PR Aberporth, Pant y Fv.lfl'll 1 78 1 PR Aberporth, Pant y Ffu7fn 1 783PR Blaenporth, Pant-ffivrn OS 1 891 , Pa..11tyffwm 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 28 Pant=y-gist -(SN 250-506)[pant + y + cist] ; Pant y Gist 1 765PR Aberporth, Panygist 1 823PR Aberporth., Pa..11t y Gist 1 838TMS This is likely to refer to a stone cist or Iron Age burial monument, cf. Gistfaen (59-a). Parc-y-delyn -(SN 246-5 1 2)[parc + y + telyn] ; [park"" Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'rallt 1 8 1 5PR Aberporth, Pen-'r-allt OS 1 834, Pen yr AJlt 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Penrallt c. l 950 ChVAberporth p. l 2, Hotel Penrallt OS 1 982

Penbryn(i)

-(SN 245-494)(Blaenam1erch)[pen + y + bP.fll) ; [pen�'brm M. Jenkins]

Pen-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 , Pen-bryn 1 989 R.Jones p. 6 1 b . bet. l 838-91

Pen-y-bryn(ii)

[ 1 8381MS Aberporth; OS1 89 1 ] , built b y John Davies, Fjjmnonllygoden ( 3 -a) [ 1 907 J . Eva..'lS: 40]. + y + bryn] ;

-( SN 267-502)(Brynmair) [pen

Pen y Bryn OS 1 982

Pencnwc -(SN 249-5 0 1 ) [pen + y + cnwc] ; [pen'knuk N.

Jones,

peg'knuk D.

T. Jones]

Pen y Knwk 1 75 2PR Aberportr"" Penknwc 1 772PR Aberporth, Penlm.wck c. 1 795 Coedmor �AS 546, Penycnwc 1 803PR Aberporth, Penycnwc OOS 1 8 l l , Pen-y-cnwc O S 1 834, Pen-cnwc O S 1 8 9 1

Penffin

-(SN 257-488)[pen + y

+ ffm] ; [pen'fi:n N. Jones, I. Davies]

Pen-ffin OS 1 89 1 , Per1ffm O S 1 982, (pPL ) Dai Pen-fF.n 1 989 R Jones p.27

Com-yr�Jr [ 1 838TMS Aberporth].

On boundary between parishes

Penf!Ynnon

and

-(SN 256- 5 1 3 ) [pen + y + ffyn..11on] ;

Tanreglwys (5-a),

[pen'fmpren N .

Jones,

pem' p:>mpren D.

T. Jones]

Penbompren (sign)

Pentre-felin

-(SN 2 5 8- 5 1 0)[pentref + yr + melin] ;

[pentre

D. T. Jones]

Pentrefelin 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Pentre'r Felin 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Pentre-felin OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Feli'1 1 924-25 CSRLS 5, (c) Pentre'r Felin Lane 1 947 TS 2 1 / 1 1 /47

Pen-uv.rch

-(SN 25 1 - 5 1 5)[pen

+ uwch] ; [pen'nvx D. T. Jones]

Pen: ywch 1 753PR Aberporth, Penwych 1 775PR Aberporth, Penuwch 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Pen-uwch OS 1 89 1 , Penuwch c. 1 95 0 ChVAberporth This place is far from being the highest point i..11 Aberporth parish, not even within the rectorial hamlet of Aberporth, which excludes those lands which were part of the grange of Blaenannerch. However it is known tr..at during the thirteenth century

[ 1 250 CalChartR: 347] the lands of Ffnvdv,;enith (5-a) and Pennardd

(5-a) - in1mediately to the E of Aberporth - were granted to a Gwilym ab Gwrwared, ancestor of the lords of Tywyn

(2 -a), it seems that this gave rise to a lordship of sorts (though no trace of this seems to have 95

(5) IS-COED survived i..'l.to the early Modem period). Penuwch lay immediately below the boundary of the farm of Pennardd-isa, and so would have been the highest inhabitation in the remnant of Aberporth that had not been granted, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, to either Gwilym ab G\vnvared, or the monastery of Talley; for the c-Onstruction of the P.ame, see sub Pen-uwch (40-a). Penwac-isa -(SN 244- 5 1 3)[pen + y + wac (+ isaf)]; [pen,wak'i.Ja D. T. Jones] Penar Cottage OS 1 982 Penwac-ucha -(SN 243 - 5 1 2)[pen + y + wac (+ uchaf)] ; [pen'wa:k N. Jones, pen,wak'axa D. T. Jones] Penywalk ucha 1 8 1 5PR Aberporth, Pen-y-walk O S 1 834, Penwalk 1 924--26 CSRLS 4, Penwak 1 874 in 1 983 D. Jenkir.s p.2 1 Perthi -(SN 262� 5 1 1 )[perthi]; Pertbi OS 1 89 1 , (c) Ffordd-y-berth ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pertbi House in£ Plas -(SN 254-5 1 1 ) [plas]; [pla:s N. Jones, D. T. Jones] Clunerodin 1 250 CalCha!Ll{ p.347, Climerodin 1 252 CalPR p. l 26, Place y Ddol vav.'f ? 1 594/95 M.Richardson MSS p.33 1 , Plas yT Hendy ? 1 630/3 1 Aberglasney �AS 1 23, PHis 1 754PR Aberporth, Tir Plas Aberporth 1 765 MRichardson MSS p.3 52, Place 1 78 1 Ty-llwyd MSS, Plas Aberporth 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 77, Plas Aberporth 1 81 0map Plas Aberporth, Plac Aberporth OOS 1 8 1 4, Plas 1 838TMS, P!as OS 1 89 1 , Y Plas 1 894 J.Evans p. l 2, Y Plas a'r Home Farm 1 989 R Jones p. 21 A study of the Rectorial Hamlet of Aberporth in the tithe map of 1 838 shows that Plas is t.�e only possible candidate for the 1 250 Clun-yr-odyn \Vhich was mentioned along with Ffrwmvenith (5-a) and Pennardd (5-a), cf the nearby Cluncoch (5-a). The interpretation Glynyrhodni by W. Rees [ 1 933map] is an attempt to understand the name as *Glyn-yr-"'T-fowni, this would then correspond to present-day Dyffrynhowni (5-a) or Cwmhowni (5-a). However, the defi�nite article before a river-name at this date is unheard of, and thus puts paid to *Glyn-yr-Howni. Plas-y-m,vg -(SN c. 254-5 1 3)[plas + y + m\vg] ; Plasymwg 1 873map Trecregyn Cf Fagddu (55-a). Plas-newydd -(SN 248-51 0)[plas (+ newydd)] ; [pla:s'newi D. T. Jones] Plasne\\ydd OS 1 982 A new house on Plas (5�a) la..'1d [inf D. T. Jones] . Presely -(SN 23 1 -505) [tn. Presely (Pembs.)] ; Preseli OS 1 982 Pwllmelyn -(SN 260-487) [pwll + melyn] ; Pwll-melyn O S 1 891 The melyn was from the clayey nature of the soil [ 1 924�25 CSRLS 5]. R.A.E. -(SN 243-520)[E.acr. R[oyal] A[ircraft] E[stablish.111ent] ] ; [ar'e·'i:, armi'kamp D. T. Jones] Royal Aircraft Establishment Aber-porth O S 1 982, (c) ar Fane y Pennar 1 989 RJones p. 59, \Vi.rtdy City 'nicl 1 1 97( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau (a), Nant Perth\vynrmnt >1 1 97( 1 3 3 2) ca...rt. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Aber Gvvymond (prox. ) 1 604 Cilg\\'Yn I l\1SS, Tyr Aber Gwymond, Tyr Blayn Gvvymond 1 634 Cilgwyn I l\1SS, Tir Rees ap Rutharch yn Aber Gwynon, Tir Rees ap Ruddurch Ynglan Gvv 1 667 Itin. R. Vaughan: Garregbica -(SN 259- 5 1 6)[y + carreg + pica] ;

849] ; cf.

Gaer (5-a).

Y Garreg Bicca 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Careg-bicca O S 1 904, Carreg Bica O S 1 982 This was 'much smaller than the Llangrannog one' [ 1 890 TS 1 9/1 2/90] .

L!ainmacyn -(SN 234-507) [llain + w..acyn] ; [lan'makm, lam'akm D. T. Jones] Llanmacyn (gipsy lane) 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, i Lainmacyn 1 989 R Jones p . 5 9, Llain l\1acyn 1 98 9 R.Jones p. 98 "Yr hyn a ahvem yn 'Bishyn Padis111 [ 1 989 R. Jones: 98] .

Ogo Castell-Uudu -(SN 26 1 -5 1 6) [ogof + tn. Castell-lludu] ; Tudor's Castle 'near sea c.oast' ? 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Blaen Porth, Castell Tydur ? 1 83 3 S . Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 76, Ogo Castell Llydy als. Ogo l\1iss Howell 1 891 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Ogof Castell-lludy OS 1 89 1 , Ogof Castell Llidi O S 1 904

Castel!-lludu seems to be the promontory of Pen-y-graig (5-a). Along v.rith Pembrokesl>.ire \Velsh the most usual form i.."l this area for 'ash' is llumv though the se\V. form lludu is found not far away i."l parts of central Cardiganshire (an attestation of llidi (Pcmbs.) [c. 1 900 ·NLW MS 2475-A] may indicate that the realisation lludu has only recently receded before lludw in Pembrokeshire ). The earlier Castelltudyr seerr1s to be for tl>is place, and if so we IP.ay b.ave !ludu as a popular reanalysis of Tudyr, unless Tudyr itself is the popular reanalysis of lludu, cf. Cwmtydu (1 8-a). Ogo-ddoupen -(SN 249-525)[ogof + deupen] ; Ogo Ddoipen 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Ogof-ddau-ben O S 1 982, Ogof Ddeupen 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Cf Ogofrldeupen (1 9-b). Ogo DOlwen -(SN 257-5 1 6)[ogof + tn. Dolwen (5 a)]; -

Ogo' Dolwen 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Ogof-glan-traeth OS 1 89 1 , OgofDolwen OS 1 982

Ogo-dwnsh -(SN 264- 5 1 5)[ogof + y + dwnsi[vvn] ]; [og�·�un.f l\.1. Jenkins, R Jones] Ogo Ddwnsh 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Ogof Dwnsh O S 1 89 1 , Ogof Dwnsh OS 1 904, Ogo'r Dwnch 1 9 1 1 > D. J. Saer p . 3 0, Ogo Dd\\rnsh 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Y r OgofDdvmsh 1 93 8 W'FI\.1 l\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 3 The form chAmsh appears to be an otherwise unattested truncation of dHmsiwn 'precipice'. The precipice in question is a 1 1 Oft deep, and is widest in the middle, " At the outer end joins are so close together that boys are accustomed to jump across . " [ 1 891 TS 02/0 l/91 ] . A terrible pit which goes sheer dovvn from the top of the cliff to the waves below [ 1 9 1 1 > D. J. Saer: 30] . Ogo-goron -(SN 265-5 1 5)[ogof + y + coron] ; [og :>'gor:>n R. Jones, D. T. Jones] Pwll-y-goron 1 891 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Pwll y Goron (prox. ) 1 9 1 1 > D . J. Saer p.30, Ogof Goron O S 1 982 li.. pretty cove [ 1 91 1>

D. J.

Saer: 30] ; The sense

Y Coron 'the Crown' (i.e. 'the government'), is unlikely to Is-Coed Uwch-Hinvern (e), so were all the

apply, for though it was part of the Crown lordship of

environing lands; cf. Crown (71 -a). Ogo-Mali -(SN 262- 5 1 6)[ogof + f pn. Mali] ; [og :>'mali R. Jones, D. T. Jones] Ogo Ffo rdd als. Ogo Mali fach als. Ogo George 1 89 1 TS 02/01 /9 1 , Ogof l\.1aly OS 1 89 1 , Ogof Mal-li OS 1 904

Ogo Siaci'r Cwm -(SN 262-5 1 5) [ogof + pn. Siaci'r Cwm] ; Ogo Sb.acky'r Cwm 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1/91 ,A cer+.ain Siaci

Cwmporthmon lost his life here ( 1 891 TS 02/0119 1 ] . Pencartws -(SN 260-5 1 2)[pen + y + cartws] ; [skwa:r,peg'kartos, (c) hnw,peiJ'kartus R . Jones] Pen-cartws 1 905 n.c. in ATL P2. 3 94, Pencartws 1 954 WGaz. 1 3/05/54, (c) Rhiw Pencartws 1 989 R Jones p. 1 7 1 , at Bencartws 1 989 R. Jones p. 1 78

Pencribach -(SN 250-524)[pen + tn. Cribach (5-a)] ; Crubbach H.d 1 776map M Mackenzie, Pen Cribach O S 1 834, Pen Cribach 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , C1ybach 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen Cribach 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 A promontory [ 1 9 1 1 > D.

J. Saer: 3 0 ] . Penrodyn -(SN 258-5 1 5)[pen + y r + odyn]; [pen'r:>dm I. Davies] Lime-kilns 1 8 1 0tr.ap Plas Aberporth, i Ben'rodyn 1 905 n. c. in ,ATL P2. 394, Penrodyn 1 947 TS 2 1 11 1147, ar Ben 'r Odyn 1 989 R Jones p. l 78 Near Pare y

Coronation

[ 1 989 R.

Jone-s: 1 78 ] . 100

(5) IS-COED Pentraeth-bach

- (SN 265-5 1 5) [pen

+ tn. Traeth-bach] ; [pentraj8'ba:x D. T. Jones]

Pen Traeth-bach O S 1 89 1 , (c) Ffynnon Pentraeth-bach 1 947 TS 2 1 / 1 1 /47

Pentr..vyncynwyl -(8N 258-5 1 5) [pen + trwyn + pn.

Cymvyl] ;

Pen-trwyn-Kynfu 1 890 T8 1 9/ 1 2/90, Pen Tv;yn Cynwyl (sic) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. l 9, Pen Tnvyn Cynwyl OS 1 982, Pentro Cymvyl l 983 Gambo n. 6 Cymtyl was the patron-saint of Aberporth churd1, see sub

[ 1 890 TS 1 9/12/90). Pentrwynmorys -(8N 256-5 1 7)[pen + tnvyn + pn.

Morys] ;

Aberporth

[trujn'm:lr:e:s D .

(5-a); 'head of Kynvil's naze (sic)'

T. Jones]

Pen Trvvyn Moris OS 1 982

Rofft -(SN 25-5 1 ) [y + grofft]; [r:lft D. T. Jones] Y Rofft, Rhiw 'Rofft 1 924-26 C8RLS

5,

Y Rofft 08 1 982, Rillw y Rofft als. PunisP.ment Hill 1 997

Golwg 20/03/97 p. l 2 The name o fa n ascent [inf. D . T . Jones] .

Traethcribach -(8N 250-522)[traeth + tn.

Cribach (5-b)] ;

Tra'th-y-Cribach 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Traeth y Cribach 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Traeth y Cribach OS 1 982

Traeth Dolwen -(SN 257-5 1 5) [traeth + trt

Doh.ven (5-b)) ;

[tra:(W5o:l'wen M.

Jenkins,

tra:9�'pla:s D.

T. Jones]

Traeth Draw 'further beach', Tra'th Draw 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Traeth y Plas O S 1 89 1 , Traeth-y-plas als. Dolwen Beach c. l 950 ChVlt\,berporth p. l 6, Traeth Dolwen OS 1 982, Traeth y Plas 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethdyffryn -( S N 259-5 1 5) [traeth + tn.

Dyffryn (5-b)];

[tra:S�'bge J.

G. Jenkins,

tra:S�'d�frm

D. T. Jones]

Traeth Dyffryn 08 1 89 1 , Tra'th-y-Dyffryr1, Tr'th-y-Dyffryn 1 89 1 T8 02/0 1 /9 1 , Traeth-y-dyffryn (Dyffryn Beach) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. l 0, Traeth y Llongau 1 982

J. G.Jenkins p. 1 1 , Traeth Aberporth 1 983

D. Jenkins p. l 2, Traeth Aberporth 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethgwrddon

-( SN 233-520) [traeth + tn.

Gv..rrddon (5-b)] ;

[tra:S�'gwer('km

M. Jefl.kins,

tra:S�'gur��n

D. T.

Jones] Traeth-y-gv.'I)'ddon O S 1 834, Traeth y Gv.tyr \Vyddon 1 860

/i,,C p.6 1 , Traeth Gwryddon 1 983 Gambo

n. 3 , at Draeth y Gwyrddon 1 997 Golwg 20/03/97 p. 1 2 "The sand o r landing place o f the wild men"

Traeth-yr-helyg -(SN 269- 5 1 5) [traeth + Jones, tra:9'ieti R Jones]

tn. Helyg

[1 860 AC: 61]. (5-a)]; [tra:S ba:z M. Jenkins, tra:S�'hrehg D. T. Jones, R. '

Traeth Bach-yr-helyg OS 1 89 1 , Tra'th-yr-Helyg 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Traeth y Llety 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethmari -(SN 230- 5 1 9) [traeth + f.pn. Mari] ; [tra:S'mari Ll. Jenkins] iP£ Traethpenloyn -(8N 252-520)[traeth + y + penloyn] ; [tra:elpen'bjn, parklpen'bjn

(prox. ) D. T. Jones]

Traeth Penloin 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen-loyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 5, Traeth Penloin 08 1 982, Penloyn 1 983 Gambo fl� 3 The term penloyn,

lit. 'coal-head', can refer to a number of birds of the Paridce family, especially the 'coal­

tit'. However, it is possible that penloyn is a reanalysis of Pengloyn, as the location of tf!is beach below steep cliffs is suspiciously similar to the site of that protruding cliff with the similar-sounding name of

Pengloyn (46-a).

101

(6) IS-COED BRONGWYN Aberceri -(SN 293-4 1 9) [aber + hn. Ceri] ; [aber'keri E. A. Rees] Tythen Aberkeri als. Tir Penn Pont Pren Keri 1 6 1 0 Cilg\\yn

I MS S, Tythin Aberkery als. Tir Pen Bont

Bren Kery 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I I\.1S S , Tyr A.ber Kety 1 634 Cilgvv"fll I I\.1SS , Tythyn Aberkeri als. Tir Pen Pont Bren Kery 1 647 Nouadd �v1SS, Aber Keri 1 65 1 rent, Aberkeny 1 700 Cilgvv)'!l

I

�v1S S, Tyddyn Aberkeri

als. Tyr Penn Pont Pren Kerri 1 722 Cilgwyn I M-S S, Aberkerry 1 83 0 Bronwydd MSS , Aber-ceri OS 1 834, Abarceri (dialect) c. 1 900 NLW MS 2492-C, Abarceri (dialect) 1 909 W. E.Evans Cf Pontceri ( 1 1 -a). Aberglvrog -(SN 282-438)[ aber + hn.

Gwrog] ;

i\ber Gwerog 1 65 1 rent, AbergvvTog 1 720 Nouadd �ASS, Abergwrog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abergv..Tog OS 1 834, Abargwrog 1 84 1 cens . , Abergurog 1 844TMS

A.lltgeri

-(SN 3 02-425)[allt + Tir Ff\vrn

hn. Ceri] ; A.llt Gery 1 61 7rent, Ffwern A.lt Geri 1 65 l rent, Allt Kerry 1 760CF, ;\Jltgerri 1 8 1 3PR

Llandyfri'og, Alltgery 1 820PR Llandyfr'iog, Rallt-ceri OS 1 834, ,4Jlt Ceri 1 833PR Llandygwy, Ralltgery, Alltgery 1 84 l cens . , Allt-ceri 0 8 1 89 1 , ;\Jlt Geri O S 1 904

Ashcourt -(SN 293-42 1 ) [E.

ash + court] ;

[aJ'k;lrt, aJ'ko:rt E.

A Rees]

Ash Court OS 1 982

Blaencwm -(SN 299-446) [blaen + y + C\\'111] ; Blaencwm 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfr1og, Blaen-y-cwm O S 1 834, C-arage OS 1 982

Blaendyffryn

-(SN 287-45 1 ) [blaen + y + dyffryn] ;

Landyffryn 1 83 0PR Benvsifan, Blaen-dyffryn OS 1 83 4

Blaen-y-ffynnon

-(SN 299-442) [blaen + y + ffyn11on] ;

Blaen-y-ff)mnon 08 1 89 1

Blaengwrog-fawr -(SN 277-442) [blaen + hn . Glangorok 1 5 59 Nouadd MSS, [

Gwrog ( + mmvr)] ;

] en G\vrog 1 573 Nouadd MS S, Tyr Blaen Gwrocke 1 640 Coedmor

MS 55 6, Blaen Gwarig 1 6 5 1 rent, Glan Gwarig + Ynglan Gwarig 1 65 1 rent, Blaengarreg 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd l\1S S , Blang\\Tog

1 760PR Penbryn, Blaengv�'fog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gwrog OS1 834, Llang\\Tog-fav.T

O S 1 89 1 , Blaengwrog 08 1 904 Cf

Blaengwyn

Blaen Fj,-.vddwrog als. Glandwrog (Cena..'i:h, Carrr1s .) [ 1 758 Colby MSS] . -(SN 290-42 1 )[blaen + gwyn ?] ; [blao'gwm E . A . Rees]

Blaen-gwyn 1 844TMS, Llain-lhvyn-du-isaf (sic loc. ) OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-gv.')'ll OS 1 904 The positioner

blaen

is usually complemented by a hydronym or a farm-name, but in this L'lstance \Ve are

left with the simple adjective

glvyn

\vhite', which is unsettling, perhaps it originally lay on the upper pfu'i

of the holding of Drewen � in 1 844 [IMS] Williams, as did A.1elin reduced to

isa (4-a). Blaensylltyn -(SN

*Blaenwen,

Drewen

Blaeng�-vyn

was a smallholding of 1 acre belonging to

E.

Ll.

(6-a) . Thus, the name may have evolved from an original *Blaen Drewen,

which in turn was reanalysed as

Blaengwyn to fit masculine blaen;

see

Clunllwyd­

3 03 -440) [blaen + lh"l. Sylltyn] ;

Tythen Blaen S ylltyn 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MS S, Tythin Blaen Sylltyn 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I MSS, Tythyn Blaen S illtyn als. Blaen y Gors 1 647 Nouadd MSS, Blaen Siltin 1 65 1 rent, Blaen y Gorse 1 720 Nouadd MS S , Tyddyn Blaen Sy!tyn 1 722 Cilgv,I)'Il I MSS , Blaen Silltin 1 803tnap J . Singer, Blaensilltin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen­ silltyn O S 1 834, Blaensilltin 1 839TMS Betwsifan, Blaen Syllti.ct1 1 844TMS, Blaen-syllt..I)Tfl OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bron Gwyn (Br)'Il-g'.vyn) 1 83 3 S . Lewis ( 1 850 p. l 3 1 ,

edn) vol l

Plwyf y Brongwyn 1 869 B.\Villiams p . 227, Brongwyn, St. �1ary's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 ,

Church OS 1 982

102

(6) IS-COED The Capella filiorum Ydhalfilii Rae! [>1 271(1 332) cart. Tal�llychau (b): 1 62], a chapel connected with PenblJm (8-a) may be Brangwyn, which was also a cr..apelry under Penbryn church. The r..ame Ydhal was understood by D. L. Price [ 1 879: 1 72] as Ithael, which would connect it with Benvsithael, however, a probably more secure reading is Capella filiontm Ydwal Filii Rae! [>1 271(1332) cart. Tal-llychau (a)], which shows the personal-name to have been ldH.Jal rather than Ithael, making the connection between this medieval chapel and Brongwyn wholly tentative. P. 6 Riain [1 994: 392] after having said misleadingly that " . . . Bemvs names are normally accompanied by names of saints, as with Betws Aeddan etc. " (for proof of the opposite, cf Benvsblednvys (29-a), Betws Gweifj:l Goch i..1. Denbighshire), notes "There is, however, no other record of a St !thel. On the other hand, a son of Ceredig is said to have borne the name. " Brong\V)'ll was a chapel of ease [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 212]. The name Ithael, probably the same person is found in Pencaerithael, an alias of nearby Gaer (6-a). The P..ame Bronw;yn is puzzling, as bron, a ferninine noun could only be followed by the femill:ine adjective gwen (B. Williams's opinion [ 1 868: 1 40] that bron was formerly rr.asculine has no support). It could be understood as a variant spelling of bryn under English spelling conventions (cf Cornvil for Cyrnvyl, sub Aberporth, 5-a). The compounded *Bryngl-t'}n being pronounced *br�ugwm but spelt Brongwyn (though of course, bei.P..g that this area pronounced anomalous //i// we should expect * brnJgwm), cf. Bryngwyn (7-a). The spellings with Bryngwyn for this name are intermittent in comparison with spellings with Brongl-1-'}'n, and the first appearance of the form Bryngl-V}'n :in the Enwau Plm.-fau Cymru list of c. 1 566 - a list which 'corrected' (or over-grammaticised) Welsh place-names - leads one to doubt its validity, though it is found independently at least 1:\vice in 1 587 and 1 6 1 5 . M. Richards [ 1 960a: 22] believed that the proper form of this name was Bryn-gwyn. i\nother church with a similar name, Bryngwyn (SO 1 8-49, Rads.), is found as Brengwyn [1406 ERSt-David: 376], otherwise Bryng1-vyn [1 3 98 ERSt-David: 78] . The unique spelli.."'lg Broyngwin of Saxton's map ( 1 578) rell'inds us of Bronllys (SO 1 4-34, Brees.) wl>�ch is found variously as BnvJmllys, Bronllys or BrJmllys, with M Richards ( 1 967-70: 1 50] favouring Brynllys as the original. Bronsylltyn -(SN 308-433)[bron + ]1.n. Sylltyn] ; Fron-Sylltyn OS1 891 Brynceri -(SN 294-420)[bryn + hrt Ceri] ; Brynceri OS 1 904 b bet l 89 1 1 904 [OS1 891 ; OS1904]. Bryndu -(SN 299-445)[bf)'l1 + du] ; Llwyn y Fynnon als. Llenie Brin Du c. l 775 l\1anordeifi l\1SS p. 9, Brindu, Bryndu 1 830PR Betwsifan, BI)'ll-du OS 1 834, Brundy 1 84 l cens., Dol-y-bryn OS 1 891, Dol-y-bryn OS 1 904, Bryndu Cottages, Smiths Forge 1 890-1923 Beckingsale l\v1SS p. l 2 1 Bryneinon -(SN 298-440)[bryn + tn. [Pant] einon (6-a)] ; Bryn Einon OS 1 982 Bryngwrog -(SN 280-444)[bryn + hn. Gwrog] ; Br;ngv.rrog OS1 891 , Brynw,vrogfach 1 91 4 \VelslL.TAin 1 0/07/14 Bryngwyn -(SN 299-446)[bryn + gwyn] ; Bryn Gvvyn O S 1 891 , BP;n Coed OS1 982 This tmme may emulate Capel Brynw;yn (7-a), b. 1 83 8, in all events, both names were suggested by Brongwyn (6-a); cf. Bryng'AJ}'fl (7-a). Bryn pare -(SN 299-447)[bryn + pare] ; Brynparc OS 1 982 Brynteg -(SN 299-447)[hr)'11 + teg] ; Btynteg OS 1 982 Bryn Villa -(SN 299-446) [bryn + E. villa] ; Bryn Villa OS 1 982 Capel Drewen -(SN 292-41 8)[eapel + tn. Drewen (6-a)] ; [kapel ,tre'wen E. A Rees] Indt. Chapel OS1 891 , Drewen, N.Emlyn c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Cf!..apel OS1 904, Y Dre-\ven 1 97 1 M.E. James p. 1 6, Capel OS 1 982, Y Drewen, Trewen 1 987 B.J.Rav1lins p.48 b. 1 737 [ 1 85 1 Re1 cens. : 493; 1 971 M. E. James: 1 6] ; b. 1 81 4, rest. 1 843 , rest. l 8 59 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawli."'ls: 48) . Cilfallen -(SN 294-43 1 )[ cil + yr + afallen]; Tir Ky! y Vallen 1 6 1 7rent, JJawdd 1 583 Nouadd 1\1SS, Pant y Llech Glawd 1 65 1rent, Pantllechglawdd 1 760CF, Pantllechglaw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantllechglawdd 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Pant=llech-glaw O S 1 834, Pant Llwch Llawdd 1 837TMS Blaenportb.., Blanllechglawdd 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-uch-clawdd, Peniwch-clawdd 1 844TMS, Pant-llech-clawdd OS 1 89 1 , Blaenllechclawdd OS 1 982 It may be noted t!:mt in Cardigansl>ire, generally, the earthen-bank (W. cknvdd) is rarer than stone-walls (W. clawdd cerryg) which are commoner in north-western Wales. The term llechglawdd may be an old term for such stone-walls as land boundaries; cf Cefnl!echg!mvdd (SN 36-39, Llangeler, Carms.), Llechgknvdd (SN 78-28, Myddfai, Carrns.) [ 1 991 D. B. James: 67 ]. The llechglcrwdd attested in 1 847 (GPC s.v. llechglawdd] has the meaning of slate-quarry. Parcau -(SN 287-442) [parciau] ; Parcu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parcau OS 1 834, Parke 1 844TMS, Parciau OS 1 89 1 , Parcau OS 1 904, Parce O S 1 982 Penrallt Crugiau -(SN 283-447)[pen + yr + alit + tn. Crugiau] ; Penrallt 1 84 l cens. , Pen-yr-allt-crugiau O S 1 891 The name Crngiau may refer to the burnt mound [OS1 982] at SN 280-450, some 400m to the NW. Penalltgeri-isa -(SN 3 05-426)[pen + allt + hn Ceri (+ isaf)J; Tythen Pen Allt Geri 1 61 0 Cilgv.yn I 1\1SS, Tythi..11 Pen .AJlt Gery 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tithyn Pen .AJlt Keri 1 647 Nouadd MSS , Pen .Alit Geri 1 65 l rent, Tyre Pen Alt Kerry 1 702 Cilgw•;n I l\1S S, Pen Allt Kerry 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Tythyn Penallt Kerry 1 722 Cilgwyn I l\1SS, Pen-allt-cerry 1 773sur map, PeP..alltceri issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-alit Ceri isaf O S 1 834, Pe11.alltkerry 1 83 8 REvans 1\ASS, Penallt-geri-isaf 1 844 Th1S, Pen-yr-allt-ceri-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Penralltgeri-isaf OS 1 904 Penalltgeri-ucha -(SN 306-429)[pen + allt + hn. Ceri (+ ucha..f)] ; Penalltceri ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Alit Ceri uchaf O S 1 834, Penallt-geri-uchaf 1 844TMS, Pen-yr-allt-ceri­ uchaf 0S l 89 1 , Penralltgeri-uchaf O S 1 904, Pen'ralltgeri 0Sc. l 950, Penrallt-ceri uchaf 0S l 982 1 05

(6) IS-COED Penralltwen -(SN 297-425) [pen + yr + alit + gwen] ; Pen Rhywr Gwartheg (prox.) 1 65 l rent, Penrhiw-r-Gwartheg (prox.) 1 773sur map, Pen'-rallt-wen O S 1 834, Penralltwen 1 837PR Troedrour, PPenallt-wen 1 8441MS, Pen-yr-allt-\x;en OS 1 89 1 , Penralltwen als. Penrallt 1 896 Jolin Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 2 Penbyliaid -(SN 293-447)[penbyliaid]; Llan Ffos Penbwlied ? 1 65 l rent, Fy:rm.on Penbwlied c. l 775 J\1anordei:fi l\1S S p. 9, Penbwliad 1 78 1PR Blaenporth, Ffynnon Penbwlied OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penybwlied 1 827PR Troedrour, Ffyn.11on-penbwliaid OS1 834, Pen-bwliad O S 1 89 1 , Penbwliaid OS 1 904 Penffoslas -(SN 293-425)[pen + ffos + glas] ; Tir y Ffos Las yn Aberke[ ]y 1 61 7rent, Y Ffes Las yn Aber Keri 1 65 1 rent, Penffoeslas OOS 1 81 1 , Pen­ ffos-las OS 1 891 Pengraig -(SN 284-452)[pen + y + craig] ; Pengraig 1 84 l cens. , Pen'y-graig 1 844TIVIS, Pen-graig OS 1 89 1 Porth-y-fynwent -(SN 286-435)[porth + y + mynwent]; Knwck y Vynewent 1 65 l rent, Porthyffonwent als. Pant Gwyn (sic) 1 771 MRichardson l\1SS p. 440, Porth OOS 1 8l l , Porth-y-fynwent OS 1 834, Danreglwys ? 1 84 l cens., Porth 1 844TMS See Pantgwyn (6-a). Tir-bach -(SN 280-438)[tir + bach] ; Tir bach Brongv.y.n 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Tir-bach O S 1 834, Tir-bach 1 844TMS Uplands =(SN 298�436)[E. up + lands] ; Uplands OS 1 982 Ysgol Drewen -(SN (ii)290-420)[ysgol + tn. Dre\ven (6-a)] ; School OS 1 904, Trewen C. 1 945 \VLS, Trewen C.P. 1 967 \XJLS, Sch OS 1 982 i) SN 292-41 8. 1 904. In 1 844 [ 1 8441MS] there was a cottage on this site. ii) SN 290-420. 1 982.

geonyms Allt-y-fedw -(SN 308-428)[allt + y + bedw]; Yr Allt Ffedw 1 65 lrent, AJlt y Fedw OS 1 89 1 Note the change o f bedw from an adjective t o a noun. Pontgwen:ffJWd -(SN 291 -420)[pont + hn. Gwen.ffrwd] ; Pontwenffrwd OOS 1 8 1 1 Pwll=y-gelod -(SN 286-4 1 4)[pwll + y + gelod]; Pwll y Gelod c. l 970map !.Mathias

1 06

(7) IS-COED BETWSIFAN Aberdulais -(SN 3 1 5 -461 )[aber + lm. Dulais]; Tythyn Aberdylais 1 5 84 Nouadd r-ASS , Aberdylas 1 65 l rent, Aberdulas 1 787sur rnap, Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-dulas OS 1 834, Aber Dulais 1 837TMS, Aber-dulas OS 1 891 , Aberdulas Farm OS 1 982 Abermedeni -(SN 3 1 5-447)[aber + 1-u'L J\1edeni] ; Pantybedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantybedw 1 828PR Troedrour, Pant-y-fedw O S 1 834, Aber-deny OS 1 891 , Abermadeni OS 1 982 Abersy!ltyn -(SN 3 1 0-420)[aber + hr1. Sylltyn] ; [aber'sdtm 0. Jones, E. Thomas, (c) kom'di: 0. Jones] Tir y Cwm Duy 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cvvmdee 1 6 1 0 Cilg\l\.yn I MSS, Y Coom Duy 1 63 1 Cilgvv'Yn I M..S S , Tir y Cumduy 1 647 Nouadd M...SS, Abersyltyn 1 700 Cilgwyn I M...S S, Abersiltin 1 702 Cilgwyn I M...S S, Tir Aber Sylltyn 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Y Tyr y Cwm Ddy 1 722 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cwmdu 1 734PR Llandyfriog, Cwmdfi 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Cvnnddu OOS 1 81 1 , C\vmdy 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, C\\rrn-du O S 1 834, Cwm-du OS 1 89 1 , C\vm-du O S 1 904, Aber Sylltyn 0Sc. 1 950, Abersilltyn, (c) Cvnndu (prox. ) OS 1 982 The alias, Cwmdu, is the name of the valley of the Sylltyn [i.._'lf. o. Jones] , cf O.vmdu-isa + -ucha (l l "a), some 300m away in Ceri valley. BETWSIFA..� -(SN 3 0 1 -477)(betws + pn. Ifan] ; [betus L. Jenkins, �·betus H. M. Parry, o·r'betus I. James (Moylgrove)] (ec) Sancti Johannis de Betuskarleugi >1 227( 1 3 08) cart. Slebech, Karlighest >127 1 (1 332) cart. Tal­ llychau, Bettus levan 1 557 Nouadd 1.1SS, Bettus levan 1 564 Bronwydd MSS , Bettvvs lfan c. 1 566EPC, Bettoos Evan, Bettoos Ivan 1 574 Nouadd MSS, Bettus Euan 1 578map C. Saxton, Bettus Ieuan 1 583 Cilgwyn I MSS, Bettus Iein 1 583 Nouadd MS 326, Bettus Ievn 1 585 Nouadd MSS, Y Bettws Ifan c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol 1 p.77, Bettws !evan 1 607 EEW MSS, Betus Ieuan 1 61 9 EMWDS 1 3 , Bettus 1 650rent, Bettus 1 683 Pengelli MSS, Bettus 1 697 Bronwydd MSS, Bettus Evan 1 720PR Troedrour, Bettus Evan 1 760map E.Bovven, Bettws Eva...'1 1 77 1 Nouadd J\1SS , Bettws Church 1 787sur map, Chapel Bettus 1 795PR Betwsifan, Bettws Ieuan 1 799EPC, Bettus s.t John 1 800PR Penbryn, Bettws Ifan 1 803ro.ap J. Singer, Bettws Iwan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 2 1 2, Bettws Einon (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bettws Jeuan 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bett\vs Jeuan, Chapel Bettws Evan 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Ty'r Bettws 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifan, Bettws 1 826PR Betwsifan, Bettws Efan OS 1 834, Bettws-Ieuvan (Bettws-Ieuan) 1 833 S .Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p. 85, Bettuce 1 830s in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 89, Bettws Evan 0Sc. 1 95 0, Bettws Evan, St. John's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 This name replaced an earlier one Carllygest whose meaning seems wholly obscure, though a similar name is found as that of a farm in Llangeitho parish, cf Garllygest (40-a). Benvsifan owes its name to the K.tlights Hospitallers of Slebech who were granted the envirm1s :ir1 the twelfth century and erected a church dedicated to Saint Joh.11 the Baptist, their favoured saint (the monastery of Talley also had a claim to these environs, perhaps through an earlier grant, but the name favours the Hospitallers as being the prime movers behind the name Betwsifan). The entry of of > 1 227 gives it as a church associated with Penbryn, not as a chapel (as was Ben�'s Brithdir in the same charter), however, by later times it was considered a chapelry of the parish of Penbrya The field name in the immediate vicinity of the church Park St Sifoin (SN 3 0 1 -478) [1 787sur map] might be thought to refer to Saint John under a form such as Syngeon, but is in fact E. saifljoin (L. Onobrychis viciifolia), a deep-rooting legume promoted by eighteenth-century agricultural L'Tiprovers. Comprising: l ) Betwsifan, 2) Bwlch�y�groes, 3) B>vlch-y-llan, 4) Hazeldene. Blaencilfaen -(SN 3 08-466)[blaen + cil + maen ? ]; Blaen-cil-faen OS 1 89 1 , Blaencilfaen 1 967PR Penbryn Tf.is name does not seem correct as it stands, as it is near and above Cilmaenllwyd, is it a garbled form of *Blaen Cilmaenllwyd ? Blaencwm -(SN 304-446) [blaen + y + cwm] ; Blaenycwm 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifav"' Blaencwm 1 820PR Betwsifan, Pleasant View OS 1 982, Blaencwm inf Blaenplwyf -(SN 296-490)[blaen + y + plwyfJ; Blaen y Plwyf 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenphvydd 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Blaenyplwyf 00S l 8 1 1 , Blaenyplwydd 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Blanplwidd, Blanplwidd ucha (prox. ) 1 84 1 cens. , Blaen-plV\n'go:g M Davies] Y Fenan Goeg 1 65 1 rent, Fyfion Goeg 1 7 14PR Troedrour, Ff.Yfion Goeg 1 720PR Troedrour, Ffynnon Croeg 1 724 Aberglasney MS 1 26, Ffynnon Goeg 1 768 M.Richardson MS 1 8 1 , Ffynnongoed 1 782 MRichardson MSS p.45 1 , Ffynnongoed 1 784PR Troedrour, Ffynnon Goed 1 787sur map, Ffynnongoeg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty'rlan Ffynnongoed (prox.) 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Ffynnongoed als. Ffynnongoeg 1 832 Aberglasney MS 62, Ffynnon Goed 1 837TMS, Finnongoed > 1 88 1 in 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 90, Ffynnon� gog OS 1 89 1 , Ffynongoeg als. Ffynonygog 'fel y dewisai Miss Walters ei enwi' 1 904 J.Evans p. 358, Ffynnon-gog 0Sc. 1 950 The original name, Ffynongoeg, had begun to be interpreted as F.fynnongoed as early as 1 782, but the Jn'vda E. Jones] Fron Villa OS 1 982 Gelli-araul -(SN 289-465)[y + celli + araul ? ] ; [gcli'arel M. Davies] Gelli Arual OS 1 982 Gelli-aur -(SN 285-488)[tn. Gelli-aur (E. Goldengrove, Llanfillangel Aberbythych, Canns. )]; Gelliaur OS 1 982 Gilfach -(SN 3 0 1 -453)[y + cilfachL Gilvach 1 807PR Troedrour, Gilfach OS 1 89 1 Glandulais -(SN 3 1 2-476)[glan + hn. Dulais]; [glan'ddes, g lan'diles, lan'drles M. Thomas] -

109

(7) IS-COED Tyr Velyn Dylas

?? 1 6 1 2 Nouadd MSS , Glandulas 1 650rent, Glandylas 1 739 M. Richardson MSS p. 34 1 ,

Llandylas 1 760CF, Glandylais 1 769 F.C. Carter M S S p. 20, Glandules 1 784 M.Richardson MSS p. 454, Glandules 1 809 Aberglasney MS 1 1 9, Glandules 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Glandulas 1 820PR Betwsifan, Glan­ dulas O S 1 834, Glandules 1 839TMS, Glan-dulas O S 1 89 1

Glandwr -(SN 3 09-477) [glan + d\Vr] ; Glan-dvJI OS 1 89 1

Glanmedeni -(SN 298-470) [glan + hn. Medeni] ; Ynglan Medeni 1 65 l rent, Glan MedePi 1 73 4 Bromvydd MS S , Glan Meden 1 75 8 Bronwydd MSS , �1adeney Villa

1 83 7PR Aberporth,

Glanbedeni

1 83 9 �1.Richardson �1SS

p. 3 69,

Blaen.111odeny,

Glanmodeny 1 83 9Tl\1S, Glar1rr.adenny 1 853 R.Evans �1SS, Blaenbedeny 1 866 Aberglasney

MS

65,

Pantyronen als. Glanmadenny 'and' Penyfedw, 'all k..'1own by the general name' Glanmadeni als. Glanmodenny als. Glanmedeny als. Glamnedeni als. Glanmodenny 1 873 R Evans 1\.1SS , Glan..T.idini 1 874 Aberglasney MS 65, Glanmedenie > 1 8 8 1 in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Glan-medeni OS 1 89 1 , Glanbedeney 1 904 J.Evans p . 3 58, Plas Glanmedeni 1 954 W. Jones p. 1 4,

yng

Nglanmedenni 1 967 CER vol 5 p. 348,

Medeni Villa, 'then' Medi.lla Lodge, 'then' Blaen Medeni, 'then' Glan �1edeni 1 969 CER vol. 6 p .1 72

Built of late ( 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .23] . Glasbant -(SN 280-476) [glas + pant] ; [(c) park�'r:lft M. Davies] Glaspant OS 1 982 This was a division of Pantdaniel (7-a) [i.nf. M.

Glynceri

-

(S N 3 1 9-454)[glyn + l:m.

Davies) .

Ceri] ; [glm'keri + li·s'keri l\1. Thorr.as]

Glynceri OS 1 98 2 Two council houses [ill.£ M. Thomas ] .

Groeswen - ( S N 299-480)[y + croes + gwen] ; Groes-wen OS 1 89 1

Gwrthwynt -(SN 288-467){tn. Gwrthwynt (42-a)] ; {gur6wmt :rv1. Davies] Gwrthwynt OS 1 982

Gwynfa -(SN 295-456) [tn.

Gwynfa];

Gwynfa OS 1 982

Gwynfro -(SN 3 00-448)[gwyn + bro] ; Gwynfro OS 1 982

Hazeldene -(SN 30 1 -476) [E . hazel + dene) ; Hazeldene OS 1 98 2

Henfelin ( SN 3 1 7-442)[hen + melin] ; -

Ty'r He11.felyn 1 773 M.Rich..ardson MS 1 84, He11.felin 1 794PR Troedrour, Henfelin 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifan, Hen Feli.11 OS 1 834

ffiraei - (SN 299-455)[tn. Hire! (Bangor, Caems.)] ; Hiraul OS 1 982 There is no such word as

*hiraul

or

*au!,

so

we

Hirael. Hirael hir + ael [ 1 945 I. Williams: 8-9] .

must posit it is a bad spelling for

inspired by Hire! (Bangor, Caerr1s .), usually written, and understood, as

is

Leion -(SN 3 02-473)[E . (black] + lion]; Black Lion, The Black Lion l 787sur rnap, Lion 1 8 1 0PR Penbtyn, Lion F. m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lion S rrith 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Lion OS 1 834, Blacklion 1 83 3PR Betwsifan, Black Lion 1 839TJ\1S , Lion Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Black Lion O S 1 904, Y Lion 1 967 S . G-N.Davies p.69 L!ain(i) -(SN 288-475)(Pantdaniel)[llain] ;

[lajn,

original name was lajn'tervm

M

Davies]

Llain 0S l 8 9 1 , L!ain O S 1 904

Llain( ii) -(SN 3 04-439)(0.vnlsylltyn)[llain] ; Llain OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain O S 1 834, Llain 1 83 2PR Betwsifan, BlaerJlain 1 83 9Th1S

Llaingoetan -(SN 309-447)[llain + y + coetan] ; Llaingoitan 1 809PR Penbryn, Llain Goitan 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpls. , Llain Coetan O S 1 834, Llain-coetan O S 1 89 1 The word

coetan

'quoit' often referred to a crorrJecl>., or more precisely to the capstone o f a cromlech

which was supposedly throvvn there by giants usi.'1g it as a quoit. I do not know of any megalitl-ic monuments here, but any that formerly existed w..ay lm.ve easily been broken a....11d removed during the course of time. Otherwise it is feasible that there was a place for quoit-playing here, though it is not a flat

110

(7) IS-COED area by any means, nor is it near a centre of congregation such as a church or a

1nill. This \Vas explained

" . . . as being the quoits pitching grounds" of the soldiers mentioned in cor1nection with the fanciful etymology of Cwrtgamil (7-a) [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269] . Llaingota -(SN 295-474)[llain + cota]; [iau'g:lta M . Davies] Y Llain Gotta 1 65 1 rent, Llain Gotta 1 683 Pengelli MSS , Llain-gota OS 1 89 1 , Llai11gota 1 924-26 CSRLS 8

Llaingroes -(SN 285-49l ) [llain + y + croes] ; [iaju'gr�js E. Jones] Llain y Groes 1 787sur :rr.ap, Llaingroes 1 808PR Penbryn, Llain-y-groes O S 1 834, Llaingroes 1 837TMS , Llain-y-groes O S 1 8 9 1

Bwlchgroes (7-a). Llainhal!t -(SN 285-489)[llain + hallt] ; Cf

LlainP.allt 1 8 1 6PR Betwsifan, LlaiP.allt 1 826 LlaPll)TI MSS, Llai.ll-hallt O S 1 834, Llain-hallt 1 838TI\If�, Llainhallt, Llainhallt ucha (prox.) 1 84 1 cens. If tl>. is was named hallt 'salty' due to it being near the top of the watershed facing the seaborne winds (it faces somewhat inland), it is strange that it should have been named thus when there are many other places in the locality which would

be more

lik:ely recipients for seaborne winds. Between 1 83 8 and 1 89 1

its site was removed l OOm t o Llainhallt (4-a).

Llainweddfa -(SN 299-479) [llain + (Moylgrove)]

)lf + g\veddfa] ;

[iajn'wd5va, p!ant;Jgwazal

E. Jones,

gwazal I.

James

Llainybettws ? 1 8 1 2PR Betwsif&� Llainweddfa 1 84l cens., Llain-weddfa OS 1 89 1 , Llai..'l�weddfa OS 1 904, Gwachal 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Gwachaldagu 'old name' The word

gweddfa

meant 'a division of a parish' (c£

inf R Jones Weifa, 1 2-a); its site is some 3 50m NNW from the

parish church.

Llainwen -(S N 301 -446){llain + gwen] ; Llain Wen 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl. 28 1 , Llainwen 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifaf\ Llainwen OS 1 982

Llwynderw -(SN 307-477)[llwyn + derw] ; Llwynderw OS 1 904 Li>j

Glanmedeni -(SN 3 03-47 l ) (loj + tn Glann1edeni (7-a)] ; Lodge 1 84 l cens . , Lodge Bettws 1 874PR Penbryn, Lodge O S 1 89 1 , Lodge OS 1 904, Glanmedeni Lodge OS 1 982, (pn. ) Gwyn Lodge Glamedeni 1 989 R Jones p. l 8 1 Existent [ 1 83 91MS] .

Maesgwyn -(SN 302-482)[maes + g-wyn] ; Maesgv.'Yfl OS 1 982

Pant=y=barn -(SN 3 04-466)[pant + y + bara]; Tir Pant y Bara 1 56 1 Nouadd MSS, Pant y Bara 1 650rent, Pant y Bara 1 65 l rent, Pant y Bara 1 748/49 Pengelli MSS, Pant y Bara 1 760CF, Pant-y-bara (sic loc . ) OS 1 834, Pantybara 1 8371MS The fact that this place stood some 400m above Penallt-y-gwin

(7-a)

l>.as led me to wonder whether both

names referred to lands that contributed to church funds for the sacred bread and wine of office. However, the term Cmms.) ( 1 634

bara is not wholly unknovm in \Velsh toponymy, e. g. Tythin Pant y Bara (Penboyr, Cilgwyn i MSS]; (c) Brine y Bara (Uanbedr Pontsteffan) [ 1 676 Bronwydd MSS] .

Pantbetws -(SN 303-478)[pant + tn. Bet\vs[ifan} (7-a)] ; Pant y Bettus 1 602 G Owen vol.4 p. 478, Pant y Bettws 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Bettus 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd l\1SS , Pant y Bettus 1 760:rr.ap E.Bowen, Plan-y-Bettus 1 765map E.Bowen

et a!. ,

Pant-y�bettws 1 787sur map,

Pantybettws 1 788PR Betwsifan, Pantybett\VS OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantybetws OS 1 834, Panty Bettws 1 83 9TM..S, Pant-y=bettws OS 1 89 1 , Pam B etws 1 924 Cymru vol.66 p. l 3 5

Pant-y-brain -(SN 3 03-449)[pant + y + brai.fl] ; Llain Gr. Dd Goch Y:rrJaen Pant y Brain (prox.) 1 6 1 7rent, Pant y Braine, Blaen Pant y Brai.fle (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Brain 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd :tvfSS, Pant y Brain c . 1 775 M..anordeifi MSS p. 9, Pontybrai.11 OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant y Brane { added later} 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.281 , Pant y Brain 1 8 1 6PR BetviSifan, Pant y Brain O S 1 834, Pant-y-brain OS 1 89 1 , Pant�y-brain OS 1 904, Gorwel OS 1 982 The

Blaen Pant y Braine

of 1 65 1 may refer to

Llainwen (7-a)

now rui.lled; see Llynhwyaid (6-a).

Pant-y-bwla -(SN 3 1 4-443) [pant + y + bwla] ;

111

or

Blaenel-vm (7-a),

or to another location

(7) IS-COED Tyr Pant y Bwla, Llaiil Rees Dew Ymlaen Pant y Bwla 1 6 1 7rent, Pant y Boole 1 650rent, Pant y Bwla 1 65 1 rent, Yrnb.ant y Bw!a 1 6 5 l rent, Pant y Booth 1 657 i.n 1 650rent, Pantybw!a 1 692 Ty-llwyd MSS , Pant y Culla 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MS S, Pantabwla 1 80 8PR Troedrour, Pant-y-bwla OS 1 891 The term bwla is derived from ME .

bull(y)head

[GPC s.v.

bule 'bull' (GPC s.v. bwla] (cf. penbwl, penbwla 'tadpole', a calque on E. penbwl]), and meant 'gelded bull' [GPC s.v. bwla], or by J. J. Gl. Davies [1 934b: 250] as

" creadur rhvmg eidion a tl1arw. Cf GBG. 1. 1 40" , as well as a derivative meaP..ing "l\1ath o bren ysgwar pedwar \\yneb a ddefnyddid i hogi'r bladur. Dau wyneb oedd i'r

(JE). "

is most likely that it is the Allt=y-b1vla (4-a), Parc-y­ bwla (4-a), Nant-y-bwla (69-a). It seems that the term gwellt-y-bwla 'purple moor grass' (L. Molinia caen!lea) also contains this word (though J. J. Gl. Davies [ l934b: 250] distinguishes the realisation of bwla " (yr w yn ganolig)" to that of gwellt-y-bwla: "bwla (w fer, I hiT) yn gl1iellt y bwla (JE): crav,rcwellt. " ), as with penbwl, gl1le/lt-y-bwla seen1s to be a calque on the prefixed English bull- wrich seetr'..ingly refer to large or coarse varieties of plants or anit�als, e. g. bull-grass (L. Bromus mollis), bullrush, bullfrog, bullfinch, bulltrout. Pantdaniel - ( SN 292-475) [pant + pn. Daniel] ; [pant'anjel M Davies]

rhip

It

meaning 'gelded bull' that is contait'led in tl1is name and the following toponyms:

Tir Pant Daniel 1 683 Pengelli 1\1SS , Pontdaniel OOS 1 8 1 1 , PantdaPiel 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Pant Daniel O S 1 834, Pantaniel { added} 1 84 1 cens . , Pant-daniel OS 1 89 1

Pant-y-gwenith -(SN 3 03-454) [pant + y + gwenith] ; [pant�'gweme M . Davies] Pant y Gwenith 1 5 60 Nouadd �1S S, Pant y Gwenith 1 6 5 1 rent, Pantygwenith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantygwenith 1 8 1 6PR Betwsifan, Pant-y-gwePith O S 1 89 1

Pantrodyn -(SN 3 1 0-455) [pant + y r + odyn]; [panb'r�dm M . Davies] Pant yr Odyn 1 642/43 Bronwydd MS S, Pont yr Odinn 1 65 1 rent, Pant yr Odyn 1 654 Lucas 1\IT-.S 3 3 1 1 , Pant yr Odyn 1 660 M Richardson :MS 1 6 1 , Panderoden 1 7 1 0 Bromvydd MS S , Pantyrodin 1 760map E.Bowen, Pant yr Odyn 1 787sur rnap, Pantrodyn 1 787PR Troedrour, Pant yr Odyn 1 803w.ap J. Singer, Pantyrodyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-yr-odyn O S 1 8 9 1

Pantronnen -(SN 3 1 3-449)[pant + y r + onnen] ; Tir Pant yr Ounen 1 6 1 7rent, Pant yr OP..nen 1 65 l rent, Pantyronen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-roP..nen 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Pant-yr-onen OS 1 8 34, Pantyronen 1 83 3PR Betwsifan, Pant-yr-onen

OS 1 891

Pantseiri-fach -(SN 3 03 -483 ) [pant + y + seiri (+ bach)] ; Pantysyrie vach 1 7 1 8 Bronv.'Ydd MS S, Panty Seirifach als. Pantyseiri issa als. Corse Cadugan 1 748/49 Pengelli MS S , Pant Seiri fach 1 787sur map, Pantsirif fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantseiri fach 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Pant-surif-fach OS 1 834, Pantsairy fach 1 83 9TMS, Pant-seiri- ffich OS 1 89 1 See Cadwgan (8-a). Pantseiri-fawr -(SN 3 00-485)[pant + y + seiri (+ tr'.awr)] ; [pan(firi, it is really seri J. Lewis] Pant y Seiry 1 65 1 rent, Pantseiri 1 760CF, Pant Seiri fawr 1 787sur map, Pantsirif fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantseiri fawr 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Pant-surif O S 1 834, Pantsairy fawr 1 83 9TMS, Pant-seiri-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Pan Shiri 1 924 Cymru vol. 66 p . l 3 5 The earlier forms give

seiri

'carpenters' rather than

siryf

'sheriff', on the other lt.and

seiri

does not

regularly give the pronunciation Jiri, unless of course, the name was reanalysed as containing siryf, which according to the forms above happened, perhaps influenced by

Pantsiry (33�a). V./e have seen (sub Troedrhiwseiri, 7 3 -a) that in perhaps two other names in the county the element seiri has replaced an arcb.aic word seri wbich meant 'paved way', if seri was indeed the original element here, the paved way would probably be looked for on the site of the present road that lies between Glynharthen (8-a) and Pantseiri, where it crosses the valley of the river Dulais - note Corse Cadugan as an alias of both Pantseiri-fach, and nearby Cadwgan (8-a). A continuation of that road to the westwards crosses the Hirwern river at a place called Sam, from which the farms Pensamddu (7�a) get their name. Parcau -(SN 303-476) [parciau] ; Parkau 1 787sur w.ap, Parcau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parcau 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Parke 1 8 1 8PR Troedrour, Parkau 1 823PR Betwsifan, Parkeu 1 828PR Betwsifan, Parca' O S 1 83 4, Parke 1 83 9TMS, Parcau OS 1 89 1

Parcllyn -(SN 295-476)[parc + y + llyn]; [park'bn J\1. Davies] (c) Parkau Llyn bach, Park y Llyn mawr cott. 1 787sur map, Parcyllyn OOS 1 8 l l , Parkllyn 1 8 1 1PR Penbryn, Parc-y-llyn O S 1 834, Parkyllyn 1 833PR BetwsifaP., Parkllyn 1 839TM-S , Pare-llyn O S 1 89 1 Probably named after the Old Pond (1 787sur map] shov.rn below the house. Parc-y-rhos -(SN 287-490)[parc + y + rhos] ;

1 12

(7) IS-COED Parkyrhose 1 839TMS, Parc-y-rhos 0Sc. 1 950, Parc-y-rhos O S 1 891 Penrallt-fach -(SN 3 1 5-442)[pen + yr + alit (+ bach)]; Penralit 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Penrallt 1 83 9TMS, Pen-yr-allt-:fiich OS 1 891 , Pen•rallt-fach 1 91 1 J.C. Davies p.2 1 0 The -fach is in opposition to Penallt-hebog (7-a). Penallt-y-gwin -(SN 3 05-462)[pen + alit + y + gwin] ; Gallt y Gwirt.., Penn Gallt y GwLll 1 65 0rent, Pen Allt y GwLll 1 65 l rent, Pen..allt y Gwin 1 787sur map, Pengallt y Gwin 1 790PR Troedrour, Penyralltwen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 l , Penallty GwL11 1 828PR Troedrour, Pen-allt-y-wm OS 1 834, Penallt y Gwyn 1 837TMS, Pen-yr-allt-wen OS 1 89 1 , Pen-allt-y-gwin OS 1 904 The burden of gwin in this name is obscure, though as its site is 500m directly below Pant-y-bara I have tentatively hypothesised that the site of one supplied the bread, whilst the other supplied the \vine for Troedrour (10-a) church (the old parish in which they stood); cf Rhyd-y-gwin (52-a). Penallt-hebog -(SN 3 1 2-438)[pen + yr + alit + yr + hebog] ; Penyrallt OOS 1 8 l l , Pen•rallt Fag\vr 1 8 14PR Betwsifan, Pen•-rallt OS 1 834, Penyrallt als. Ffagurboeth (sic) 1 853 REvar1s MSS, Pen-allt-yr-hebog OS 1 891 , Pen•rallt-hebog 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p. 2 1 0, Penrallthebog OS 1 982 Thejag1vr in the form of 1 8 1 4 refers to nearby Fagwyrboeth (7-a); see Penrallt-fach (7-a). Penbanc -(SN 3 1 0-468)[pen + y + bane] ; [pen'bauk M. Thow..as] Penybank 1 71 8 Bromvydd MSS, Pen y Bank 1 73 4 Aberglasney MS 30, Penbanc (sic loc.), Pe.nrlt.iwrally OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penbank 1 823PR Troedrour, Penbanc 1 824PR Betwsifan, Pen-'banc OS 1 834, Pen y Bank 1 837TMS, Pen-y-banc O S 1 891 , Penbank 1 903 G.E.Evans p.27 1 , Penbanc 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 65 0/1 1 p. l 44 Penbanc-fach -(SN 3 1 4-466)[pen + y + bane (+ bach)] ; Pen-y-banc-bach OS 1891, i Benbanc-fac'P.., •neu• Benbancisaf •gynt• 1 967 CER vo1. 5 p.348 Penbanc Glandulais �(SN 3 l 1 �477)[pen + y + bane + tn. Glandulais (7�a)]; (cott) Penybank 1 784 M. Richardson MSS p.454, Penybank Glandules 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Penybank 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Pen-y-banc O S 1 891 Penfedw -(SN 3 1 8-454)[pen + y + bedw]; [pen'vedu E. Thomas, J\1. Thomas] Pen y Fedv1 1 787sur map, Penvedw 1 78 8PR Troedrour, Penyfedw OOS 1 8 l l , Pen'fedw 1 8 1 6PR Troedrour, Pen-y-fedw 0 S l 834, Pantybedw 1 853 REvans MS S, Pen�y-fedw OS 1 891 Penffynnon -(SN 3 09-432)[pen + y + ffynnon] ; Penfmon 1 84 1 cens., Penfynnon 1 843TMS, Penffyno n n O S 1 982 Pengaer -(SN 290-49l )[pen + y + caer]; [pen'ga:r E. Jones] Pengaer 1 826PR Betwsifan, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 834, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 89 1 , Pengar 1 984 Gambo n. 14 Refers to Caer Pwntan (8-b). Pengraig -(SN 3 1 1 -455) [pen + y + craig] ; Pengraig 1 827PR BetwsifaP.., Penygraig 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 Penlon -(SN 301 -447)[pen + y + Ion] ; PenJon 1 81 5PR Betwsifari, Penlone 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Pen-lon OS 1 89 1 Penlon Betws -(SN 299-480) [pen + y + Ion + tn. Betws[ifan] (7-a)] ; Pen-lon-bethvs OS 1 89 1 , PeP1on Betws 0Sc. 1 95 0 Penlondywyll -(SN 303-458)[pen + y + lon + tywyll] ; [plo:n'dowd M. Davies] Pe11Jonedywyll 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.28 1 , Pen Lond)l\.vyll 1 83 5PR Troe.drour, Pe11Jone Dowill 1 84l cens., Pen-lon-dywyll OS 1 891 Pensarnddu-fach -(SN 292-482)[pen + y + sam + du (+ bach) ] ; Pensamddu fack 1 8 1 OPR Penbryn, Pensamddu fach O O S 1 8 1 1 , Per�arnddu fach 1 81 6PR Betwsifar.., Pen­ sarn-ddu-fach 08 1 834, Pensarnddu fach 1 839TI..1S, Pen-sam-ddu-ffich O S 1 891 Pensamddu-fawr -(SN 292-486)[pen + y + sarn + du (+ mawr)] ; [pensar'm: E. Jones] Pen y Same Ddy 1 6 50rent, Pen y Sarn Ddu 1 65 lrent, Tir Pen Sam Dhu 1 6 5 l rent {v. l. M:.Richards} , Pensarnthy 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MSS, Pensamddy 1 760CF, Pensamddu 1 809PR Penbryn, Pensarnddu fa\vr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-sam-ddu-fawr OS 1 83 4, Pen Sarne Ddu 1 83 8Tl\1S Penbr)m, Per�arnddu fawr 1 839T�1S, Pen-sarn-ddu=fawr OS 1 891 The present road crosses the upper stretches of the Hirwern river at Sam, from wbich Pensarnddu gets its name. 1 13

(7) IS-COED Pensarnddu-ucha -(SN 290-489)[pen + y + sarn + du (+ uchaf)]; Pen-sam-ddu-uchaf O S 1 834, Pensamddu ucll.af 1 839TMS, Pen-sarn-ddu-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Pentre -(SN 290-462)[pentref]; [� pentre M. Davies] Pentre ycr.a ?? 1 583 Cilg\V'jll I 1\1SS, Y Pentre ycha ?? 1 587 Cilgwyn I MSS, Pentrey issa ?? 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS, Pentre O S 1 89 1 A new house built o n the site o f a harrJet that was the oldest settlement before the development o f Bn-:l/a (4-a). Pil-bach-isa -(SN 308-476)[pil + bach (+ isaf)] ; Pil-bach-isaf OS 1 89 1 Pil-bach-ucha -(SN 306-476)[pi1 + bach (+ uchaf)] ; (c) Park Pil bach + cott. 1 787sur map, Parkpilbach 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Pilpach 1 8 1 9PR Betwsifan, Pil­ bach O S 1 834, Pill bach 1 839TMS, Pil mawr (sic) 1 868 B.Williaw.s p.23 8, Pil-bach-uchaf 0S l 891 See sub Pfl-bach (1 8-a). Plas Troedrour -(SN 298-46 l )[plas + tn. Troedrour (10-a)]; Glan Llebyny 1 65 l rent, Pantreved als. Glanllevini 1 772 Ty-llwyd � 1SS, Pantrevy als. Glanllebyny 1 802 MRichardson MSS p.482, Trefdrawr 1 803map J. Si.P..ger, Troed yr Aur 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur, Troedyraur OOS 1 8 1 1 , Plas 1 827PR Betwsifan, Troed-yr-aur House OS 1 834, Troedyraur 1 837Th1S, Troedyravvr 1 837TMS, Glyn Llebin (L!ebain) 1 868 B.Williams p.269, Glynllebyng, 'that is now called' Troed yr Aur 1 869 B.Williams p.5, Troed-yr-aur House OS1 891 , Glunllebyng 1 903 G.E.Evans p.273, BlaePJlebu 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Plas Troedyraur OS 1 982 The Rev. Thomas Bowen, rector of Troedrour parish ( 1 793-1 842) lived here and was probably respoP.sible for the name Plas Troedrour [18 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur� 1 967 CER: 5 394]. In the wid eighteenth century it was Glynllebyng (sic for Glanllebyny) [ 1 869 B. Williams: 5] , the name *Llebyni or *Liebini (a definitive spel!i..1g 1 is unattainable due to the paucity of sources) seew.s to have been the original name of the stream that joined the river 1\lfedeni at Penallt-y-gwin (7-a); cf. Blaenpantrefi (4-a). Pwllpair k(SN 3 1 1 -479)[pwll + y + pair] ; [pol' pajr M. Thomas] Pwll y Pair 1 785 B!V\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 22, Pwll Pair cott. 1 787sur map, Pwll Pair 1 809PR Penbryn, Pwll­ y-pair OS 1 89 1 \VJ:lile Pwyllbair i n Hanes Taliesin is an identical name, it is - to my mind - unlikely to b e the same location [ 1 980 J. Wood: 56] ; cf. A1elin Llynpair (I}'\vyn, Mers.) [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 37, 1 32]. Sanjon -(SN 289-466)[E.tn. Sanjon]; Sanjon OS 1 982 SaPJon was the older spelli..11g of Sunch 'on (South Korea), but is likelier to be a composite of a husband and wife's name such as San[dra] + Jo[h]n. Sam -(SN 291 -483)[sarn] ; Sam OS 1 89 1 A ford nearby; see Pensarnddu (7-a). TAN-Y-GROES -(SN 285-493)[tan + y + croes] ; [tan�'g r:Jjs M Jen."'p E. Jones] Tan-y-groes OS 1 89 1 , Glasfryn (sign) The first building to carry tllis name appears to be the ch.apel b. 1 849-50, it was preceded by the P�mes Bwlchgroes (7-a) and Llaingroes (7-a). The council houses were built c. 1 950 [inf. H. Ll. Humphreys] . Comprising: 1 ) Brongaer (8-a), 2 ) Bwlch-y-groes, 3 ) Cae'rffynnno (8-a), 4) Capel Tan-y-groes (8-a), 5 ) Fron Villa, 6 ) Penrherber (8-a), 7) Porthcerryg (8-a), 8) TongV\)111 (5-a), 9) Cae'rffynon n (8-a), 1 0) Pemherber (8-a). Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 320-45 l ) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Ty'rardd -(SN 297-462)[ty + yr + gardd] ; Ty'r Ardd OS 1 982 The gardener's house at Plas Troedrour (7-a). Ty-cornel -(SN 286-487)[tY + comel] ; [ti'k:>rnel E. Jones] Tycornel OOS 1 81 1 , Tycornel 1 827PR Betwsifan, Ty-cornel OS 1 89 1 The well-known gardener Clay Jones was bo rn here. Ty'rmynydd -(SN 295-466)[ty + yr + mynydd]; [ti·r'mmi M Davies] Ty-y-mynydd OS 1 834, Ty'r-mynydd OS1 891 '

..

.

1 14

(7) IS-COED At near 1 70m

in

altitude, and not even on the top of the hill, the

mynydd may mean 'arable lands'

in this

instance (a meaning of mynydd that is well�attested in the area) . Trill> meaning came about because nearly all the uncultivated hilltops in the bottom of the county were called

mynydd at one time, and it is just as mynydd here refers to an uncultivated hilltop. It must be remembered that before the village developed at Biwla (7-a), there were not many places above this height in the immediate vicit1ity. Ty-newydd -(SN 3 03-471 )[tY + nevvydd]; likely that

Tynewydd 1 839Th1S, Ty-nevvydd OS 1 89 1

Villa -(SN 290-462)[E. villa] ; [VIla M Davies] Villa OS 1 982

\Vatchtower -(SN 299-470)[E. watch + tower] ; [w:>t.f'tow�r E. Jones] Watch-tower, o'r Disgwylfa 1 867 inscription in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Watch Tower Chapel (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Watch Tower c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276, Watch Tower 1 954 W.Jones p. 1 4, The Watch Tower 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 90, 'was generally kno\vn as' Capel Jane \Valters 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Capel OS 1 982, a'r \Vatchtower Built

in 1 865 by .Miss 1 969 CER: 6_ 1 72] ; "Mae

h"lf

J. Lewis

Jane \¥alters ( 1 792-1 8 8 1 ) of

Glanmedeni (7�a) [ 1 904 J. Evans: 357; 1 954 W. Jones: 14; yn Uflig heb ail iddo yn y sir. 1 . Boneddiges o'r lie a'i chododd ar ei thraul ei hun. 2. Yr un hon hefyd a'i gwaddolodd; " [ 1 904 l Evans] ; this nonconformist chapel also has the distinction of being the opJy one set in the gardens of a mansion, that of Glanmedeni. The name Watch­ tower was named after in anticipation of the coming of Jesus Christ, as is made clear h11 the inscription on the chapel "\Xlatch-Tower, O'r Disgwylfa Dyfodiad Crist, .!Mathew 25, 1 3 " [ 1 969 CER: 6. 1 90] ; denom. l\1:C. \Vennallt �(SN 3 1 3 �466)[y + gwen + allt]; [wenaH l\1. Thomas] y capel hwn

Wemtllt 08 1 89 1 , Y Wenallt 1 967 CER vol.5 p. 348 Built by B. Williams (bn.

G-wynionydd)

( 1 82 1 -91 ); though it seems attested as early as 1 836

[1 967 CER:

5.395] . \Vern -(SN 306�454)[y + gwem]; [ior'wern, wern'gadn:> 1\1. Davies] Tythyn y Wern 1 565/66 Nouadd MSS , Tir Wern 1 6 1 7rent, Tir Gwenkidnaw ?, Tir y Werne 1 650rent, Y Werne 1 65 1 rent, Wem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Wem OS 1 834, Tuythyny\vern 1 8 57 Beckingsale MS S p . l l 8 , Wem OS 1 89 1 , Wern Gadno 1 903 G.E. Evans p. l l 9,

\Vern

als. \X/ern-cadno 1 9 1 8 John Francis MS S vol.2

p.20 1 , \Vern C--adno OS 1 982 The

cadno

that appears suspiciously late

concerning another place-name

in

the name rr1ay just possibly be derived from documents

Wem. The Gwenkidnaw of 1 650 was associated with Trepibau(ii) (8-a) and Tre Bidew (unloc-). Ysgol Brongest -(SN 3 1 6-455) [ysgol + tn. Brongest (1 0-a)]; [�sk:l!,pen'vedu, now �k:ll'br:lggest M. H. Davies, ISk:>l'br:>IJgest M. Thomas] in

the local area, which was mistaken as the full name of

School OS 1 89 1 , Bronheulog Board School 1 904 J.Evans p.276, Ysgoldy Bronheulog 1 904 J.Evans p. 276, Ysgol Brongest 1 967 S . Gw. Davies, Brongest C.P. 1 967 WLS, Brongest CP School OS 1 982

geonyms Alltffyrndy -(SN 3 09-43 3)[allt + y + ffyrndy] ; Alit Ff\vrn-du OS 1 89 1

Allt-y-graig -(SN 3 1 4-432)[ allt + y + craig] ; Allt y Graig O S 1 89 1

Crug-mawr -(SN 289�466)[ crug + ma\-vr] ; !{rig Kalannog ??, Llain :Ksyg y Gist ?? 1 65 1 rent, Crug-tnawr OS 1 8 34, Crug ma\vr (site of), vases found A.D. 1 829 OS 1 89 1 The source for details o f the find was perhaps a newspaper report that was incorporated in S . Lewis's

Topographical Dictionary [1 982 CER: 9_272] .

It lies below recently built bungalows at present, but its site

was, at 1 83tn, about the highest spot in the vicinity, vf.th good views, both E and W. The forms of 1 65 1 are not necessarily to be identified with this place ( i.n fact one of them must refer to another site) : plural

kalannog as it stands is obscure, perhaps it is related to celain 'c-Orpse, carcass', whose calanedd, might allow a derivative *calanog; y gist points to a burial site (cf. Gistfaen, 59-a) with

which vases and such li._�e wight be expected.

Gaer -(SN 3 1 6-443) [y + caer] ; 1 15

(7) IS-COED Gaer OS 1 834, Y Gaer O S 1 891 " . . . fortified by a single bank and ditch, now almost entirely destroyed. " [ 1 994 J� L. Davies & A H . A Hogg: 244]. Parcgaer -(SN 294-474)[parc + y + caer] ; (park'a:r 1\A. Davies] Settlement OS 1 982

1 16

(8) IS-COED PENBRYN Aberbedw -(SN 340-499)[aber + h..11. Bedw] ; (ab�r'bedu J. Lewis, aber'bedu M Thornas] Tir Aberbedowe 1 650rent, Y Velin Ban ar Ffedw (prox. ) 1 65 1 rent, Aberbedw 1 787sur map, Aberbed\v 1 809PR PenbryT.., Aberbedv.r OOS 1 81 1 , A barbedw 1 8 1 3PR LlangyrJlo, Aber Bedw 1 65 l rent, Aberbedw 1 803rnap J. Si11ger, Aber-bedw OS 1 89 1 , (c) i�'"berbedw Bridge (SN 342-499) 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.338, Aberbedw Farm OS 1 982 Bridge b. l 872 ( 1978 CER: 8.338] . Aberdouddwr -(8N 3 3 1 -476)[aber + dau + d\�.rr]; [aber'd:lj�ur 0. Rees, r.-.1. Thomas] l1..berddandwr (sic loc.) 1 838TMS, Aber-deuddv.T OS 1 891 Abertrmnant -(SN 330-473)[aber + lm. Ffmnant(i)] ; [aber'fmant L. JeP.kirt.s, M. Thomas] Aber y FfynP.ant 1 6 5 1rent, Tyr Aber Ffmant, Tyr Blaen Ffinant (prox.) 1 739 l\1.F..ichardson MSS p.34 1 , Aberfft.T.ant 1 797PR Troedrour, Aber-ffil'.ant 081 834, Aberff)111ant 1 838Tl\18, Aber-ffmnant 08 1 89 1 , Aberffynant 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 Aberharthen-fawr -(SN 3 1 3-486)[aber + hn. Hart.hen (+ ro..awr)]; [aber'ar8en M. Thow..as] Aberarthen 1 684 Bronwydd r-ASS, Aberharthen vawr 1 734 Bronv-;ydd MSS, Aberarthen vawr >1 756 Bronv-.')'dd l\188, Aber"P..arthen fawr 1 760CF, Aberarthen 1 768 l\1.Ricb..ardson M8 1 81 , Aberarthen fa\\Tf 1 777 R Evans l'A8S, i\.berarthen fav.rr 1 787sur map, 1iberarthen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abararthen 1 875sur. lando v..ners p. 3, Aber�arthen OS 1 891 Cf Aberharthen-fach (10-a). Abernat!t-bychan -(SN 3 14-494)[aber + nant + bychan] ; [pla:s�'g!m, pla:s,glm'arOen J. Lewis] . dd l\1SS, Aber Ynant c. 1 569 Rep�1SS vo1. 1 pt. 2 'mar..sion house' Aber Nante bechan 1 564 Brom\y p. 895, Abernantbichan 1 580 Bronv.ydd l'ASS, Abernant bucl-..an 1 591 Nouadd J\1SS, Aber�'ltbyghan 1 601 Nouadd J\1S S, i\.ber Nant bychan 1 602 G. Owen vol. 4 p.462, Aber Nant bychan c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p. 39, Aberbaughan (sic) 1 6 1 2/1 3 Nouadd MSS, Abbernonvaugb..an 1 6 1 3 Coedmor MS 6, Abem.ant-bygan 1 624-25 Gog. OS p. 7 1, Abernantbychan 1 650rent, Abernant bychan 1 65 l rent, Abenmntvaughan 1 760CF, Abernant buchan 1 760map E.Bmven, Abernant buchant 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Abernant bychan Demesne 1 787sur map, Place 1 807PR Penbryn, Abernant bychan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.2 1 1 , Plasabemantbychan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Plas 1 8 12PR Penbrjr.., Plas Abemant-bychan OS 1 834, Plas Abernantbychan 1 83 1PR Penbryn, Abernant-bychan O S 1 89 1 , Plas 0Sc. l 950, 'known as' Plas als. Plasglynarthen als. Plas-y-glyn 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 52, Plas-Farm OS 1 982, Plas-y-glyn (sign) The original Abernant-bychan a little to the south-east of the present building [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 21 1 ]; present house b. 1 83 5 [ 1 979 CER: 8 . 376 ] . The fofll'...s containing vaughan ( 1 61 3, 1 760) rather than baughan are due to the influence of the surname Vaughan, v.rhich latter shows regular lenition. Ael=y=brjll -(SN 296-513){ael + y + bryn]; [ajl�' brm L. Jenkins] Aelybryn OS 1 982 b.bet. l 904-82 [OS1 904; OS1 982) . LA�tcorddau -(SN 308-498)[allt + y + corddau]; [alti)'k:lr5e L. Jenkir..s, J. Lewis, af.t'k:lr� r--.1. ThoiT'.as, a:it 1 93 9, a division of Pant=y-gronghvyd (8-a) [inf. M. Thomas] . Bronmor -(SN 278-5 1 3)[bron + y + mor]; [br:lm:lr, br:lnm:lr E . Jones] Bronmor Cottage OS 1 904, Bror>....:nor 1 906PR Penbryn The house of Anne Adaliza Puddicombe (tl 908) a celebrated novelist under her pseudonym Allen Raine [inf E. Jones] . Brynamlwg -(SN 296- 5 1 4)[ bryn + arPJwg] ; [brm'amlug L. Jenkins, H. lVI. Parry] Bryn OS 1 834, Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 83 STM:s]. Brynbedw -(SN 35 1 -5 06) [bryn + h..n. B edw] ; [brm'bedu L Jer1ki.11S, M. Thomas] Bryn-bedw OS 1 89 1 Bryncelyn -(SN 307-5 1 3)[bryn + celyn]; [hr·QIJ'kelm J . Lewis] Bryn-celyn OS 1 904 Bryndulais -(SN 3 1 9-471)[bryn + hn. Dulais]; Bryn-dulas OS 1 89 1 Bryneirin -(SN 3 1 2- 5 12)[bryn + eirin] ; [brm'ejrm J . Lev1is, H . l\1. Parry, !ujn'deri + bd3,brm'ejrm (prox.) H. M. Parry] Bryn-eiryn OS 1 891 , Bryn-eirin & Llwyn-deri OS 1 904 Bryneirin is a ruin now, after it went on flre [inf J. Lewis; H. M. Parry] . Bryneithin -(SN 296- 5 1 3 )[ bryn + yr + eithin] ; Bryneithin OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904�82 (OS1 904; OS1 982 J. Bryngwallter -(SN 297- 5 1 7 ) [bryn + pn. Gwallter]; [brm'gwaHer J. Lewis] Tir Bryn Gwalter 1 65 1 rent, Llain Bryn \Valter 1 786 ]\A.Fjchardson l\1SS p.460, Br.ap. O S 1 904, Chapel OS 1 982 b. l 849-50 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 495; 1 954 W. Jones: 12; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 156]; reb. l 8 82 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsft.tll-Tumer: 277; 1 954 W_ Jones : 1 2; 1 987 R J. Rawlins: 1 56) . Caste!lnadolig -(SN 298-501 )(castell + n. Nadolig]; [kastcl,na'd:lhg J. Le\\rts] ¥�stell Yn Dolig 1 571/72 Nouadd �.1SS, Castell Nadolig 1 650rent, Castell Nidolig 1 65 1 rent, Christmas Castle 1 65 8 J.Ray in 1 903 Cyrruru vol.24 p.82, Castell Yndolig 1 760map E.Bowen, Castle Natalig 1 760CF, Castell Nadolig 1 787sur map, Castell Nadolig 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.209, Castellndolig OOS 1 8 l l , Castell-ndolig OS 1 834, Castell-nadolig OS 1 89 1 Refers t o Castellnadolig (8-b). The pronunciation o f Nadolig tends t o be n�'d:lhg in south-\vestern \Vales, and never n\V. d;,lig (pace "dolig for P..adolig: conunon in spoken Welsh throughout \Vales" {c. l 900 NI_,W MS 2473-C: 1 3]). However, the spellings of Yn Dolig 1 571/72, Yndolig 1 760, and -ndolig 1 81 1 , 1 834, are likely to represent an earlier local pronunciation, to which we may compare £S'Qd;)·hg (Cei­ newJdd) ( 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 405] ; �n'd:lhg (Cwmcravmon, Llangynyd, Brees.) [ 1 959 WFM tape 185/a], and E.fll}'d:lhg (Bangor) [ 1913 \VVBD: 99]. This is said to have been so natned because it was built during the Christ1r.as holiday [ 1658 J. Ray in 1 903 Cymru: 24.82] . Hovvever, there was an OB.pn. Notolic [1 %4 L F1euriot: 42] , so that it is possible that Nadolig could represent an Old \Velsh personal-name. Caste!!pridd -(SN 295-497)[castell + pridd] ; (kastcl'pri:3 J. Lewis, E. Jones] Castell Pridd 1 787sur map, Castell Pridd 1 8031r.ap J. SiP_.ger, Castell Pridd 1 808PR PenbryP., Castell 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.208, Castell 1 809PR Penbryn, Castellpridd OOS 1 81 1 , Castell Prydd 1 838Th1S, Castell­ pridd OS 1 89 1 Refers to Castellpridd (8-b). Cefn-bach -(SN 325-498)[cefn (+ bach)]; [keven'ba:z 0. Rees, L. Jenkins, :rvL Thomas] Cefn-bach OS 1 89 1 Cefnceirw �(SN 325�498)[cefn + y + ceinv]; [keven'mowr 0. Rees, L . Jenkins, J\1 Thorr.as, keven'kejru 0 . Rees, L . JenkiP..s, (c) hro·s�'keven gipsies used t o stay here M Thomas] Cevenceirw 1 760CF, Cefen Ceirw 1 787sur map, Cefen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn OS 1 834, Cefuceirw 1 838TMS, Cefn-ceir..v OS1 89 1 , (c) CefenmO\vr + (c) Rhos Cefn-ceirw 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, (c) Cefn Moor 1 925PR Penbryn Cefngranod -(SN 3 04- 5 1 6)(cefn + garanod] ; (keven'gran�d L. JenkiP..s, ke-ven'gran-�d J. Lewis] Keven Granod 1 604 Cilgw)'11 I MSS, Keven Granods 1 634 Cilgwyn I MSS, Keyfen Graynog, Llyn G-:>...ranod (prox.) 1 65 l rent, Tythyn Llyn y Granod (prox.) 1 723 Croydon J\1SS, Tythyn Llun y Granod (prox.) 1 724 Croydon �ASS, Tyddyn Ll:y'll y C-ranod (prox.) 1 726 Croydon MSS, Cefengranod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn Granod 1 81 2PR Penbryn, Cefn-granod OS 1 834, Ce£t1 Ganod 1 83 8TMS, Cefu-granod OS 1 891 At one time I thought the second term was originally graenog (litW. graeanog), a thought sP.ared by someone i.11 the seventeenth century (see form of 1 65 1). The litany of forms with granod, as well as the uPJocated Llyngranod which stood nearby plead for a plural ofgaran 'crane'; cf Bryngranod (15-a). Cefn Llaethdre =(SN 299-496) [cefn + tn. Llaethdre]; [keven'iejtre J. Lewis, keven'lej9dre E. Jones] Keven Llaythere 1 650rent, Keven y Lethdre 1 6 5 l rent, Ceven Leithdre 1 760CF, Cefen Llaethdre 1 787sur 1r.ap, Cevenllaethdre 1 795PR Penbryn, Cevn Lletre 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 78, CefepJlaethdre OOS 1 81 1 , Cefnllaethdre 1 81 2PR Penb1)'11, Cefn-llaethdre O S 1 834, Cefu Llathdrey, Cefu Llathdre 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Cefu­ llaethdre OS 1 834 Cf Lhvynllaethdy (41 -a). Cefnwarin -(SN 3 05-490)[cefn + y + gwarin]; [keven'warm L. JenkiP..s] Turner: 278] ;

122

(8) IS-COED (c) Cefen y Warren, Park Warren isaf + uchaf (prox.) 1 787sur map, Cefn Warren 1 83 8TMS, Cefu-warren OS 1 89 1 Cerryg-Gwnda -(SN 332-470)[cerrig + pn. Gwyndaf]; [kerig 'onda M. Thomas] Cerigwnda OS 1 982 A new house (in£ M. Thomas ] Cilfachrodri -(SN 3 1 0-489)[cilfach + pn. Rhodri] ; [�'grlvax M Thomas, (c) be)o:n farm�'gdvaz M Thomas] Kilvach Rodin 1 65 l rent, Kilvach Roderick 1 739 M.Richardson MS S p.341 , Gilvach Rodrick als. Tyr Gilvach Rodry 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 22, Gilfach Yrodrick 1 784 Aberglasney MS 1 29, Gilvach 1 784 Aberglasney MS 1 3 0, Gilvach Rodrick 1 79 1 Aberglasney MS 1 30, Pont Roderic (sic loc.) 1 803map J. Singer, Gilfach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gil!ach 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Gilfach OS 1 834, Gilfach Rhodri 1 860 in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 64, Gilfach OS 1 89 1 Bedd Rhodri Gmv r was o n the talwm i n front o f the farm [ 1 967 CER: 5.364] ; c f Pontrodri (8-b). Cilrhiwau -(SN 327-521 ) [tn. Cilrhiwau (Manordeifi, Pembs.)J; [ krl h nwe, a.T'ait J. G. Jenkins] Cil-rhiw OS 1 904, Cilrhiw 1 904 J.Evans p.248 Cf Cilrhiwau (1 4-a). CipyU -(SN 3 1 2-508)[cipyll]; [k 1pd J. Lewis, H. M. Parry] Cipill l 809PR Penbryn, Same' (sic) OS 1 834, (c837) Cippil1 1 83 8TMS, Caepill als. Cipill 1 87 1 PR Penbryn, Cartrefle inf J. Lewis Cf Bryncipyll (38-a). Closglas -(SN 3 1 0-520)[clos + glas] ; [klo:s'gla:s J. Lewis] Knwck y Rhyglyn als. (sic) Close Glas 1 786 M.Richardson MSS p.460, Knwckyrhiglin als. (sic) Clesglass als. Close Glas 1 795 M.Richardson MS 1 99, Closglas 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Clos-glas OS 1 834, Closglas 1 83 8TMS See Cnwcrhyglyn (8-a). Clunadda -(SN 3 14-5 1 6)[clun + pn. Addaf] ; [klin'a6a J. Lewis] Hendre Atha ? 1 65 1 rent, Clynadda OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clun Adda OS 1 834, Clyn Addu, Clyn Adda 1 83 8TMS The informant heard the name often from his father [inf. J. Lewis ] . Clungarw -(SN 320-507)[clun + garw] ; (c) Clun Garw 1 787sur map, (cl022) Clyn Garreg (sic loc. ?) 1 83 8TMS, Clyn-garw OS 1 891 , Clyn-garw OS 1 904 Clunglas -(SN 300-520)[clun + glas] ; Pellain (sic?) 1 83 8TMS, Clyn-glas OS 1 89 1 C f Penllain (8-a). Clungwyn -(SN 324-483) [clun + gwyn]; [ khg g wm M. Thomas] Glyngwyn OS 1 982 b. > 1 94 5 [inf. M. Thomas] . Clunhir ( SN 3 35-5 1 0)[clun + hir]; Clin Hir, (c) Mynidd Clin Hir, Y Mynidd (SN 320-5 1 8) 1 787sur map, Clynhir OOS I 81 1 , Clinhir 1 838TMS A bungalow in Brynho.ffnant was named glm'hi:r after it [inf M. Thomas] . Clunmelyn -(SN 327-5 1 2)[clun + melyn]; [glm'melm L . Jenkins] Clawddmelen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clun-melyn OS 1 834, Clyn-melyn OS 1 891 Clunrour -(SN 307- 5 1 5)[clun + yr + aur]; [ghn'r�jr L. Jenkins, glm'rajr + ghnr:ljr'va:x (opp.) H. M. Parry] Clynyraur 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn, Clun-'r Aur OS 1 834, Glynraur 1 85 8 in 1 982 CER vo1. 9 p. 347, Glyn-yr-aur OS 1 89 1 , 'enw a gynhenir' Clun yr Our 1 896 Cymru vol. l l p. 1 5 1 Cnwc-y-bonet -(SN 328-484)[cnwc + y + bonet]; [dr�slojn L. Jenkins, dnslojn, knok�'b�net old name M. Thomas] Dryslwyn OS 1 904 Cnwc-y-fedwen -(SN 283 -507)[cnwc + y + bedwen] ; [ pen,knok;:}'vedwen M. Mathias] Knowk y Ffedwen 1 604 Cilgwyn I MSS, Tyr Knuck y Ffedwen 1 63 4 Cilgwyn I MSS, Knwck y Ffedwen 1 65 1 rent, Cnwc y Fedwen 1 787sur map, Cwmyfedwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 834, Cnwc-y­ fedwen OS 1 891 Cnwcrhyglyn -(SN 309-524)[cnwc + y + ? ]; [knok'riglm inf, knuk�'rrglm J. Lewis] .

'

'

-

123

(8) IS-COED Kmvck y Rigli.11 1 65 1 rent, Knwck RP.iglyn 1 692/93 M.Richardson 1\.1S 1 65, ¥�wck y Rhyglyn 1 699/1700 MRichardson MS 1 67, K..11wch y Rhyglyn 1 768 MFichardson MS 1 8 1 , I(n.wckyrhiglin als. Clesglass als. (sic) Close Galas 1 795 M.Fichardson MS 1 99, Cnwc-yrhyglyn 1 808PR Penbryn, Cnwckyrhyglyn 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Cnwc'rhyglyn 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn, Cnwc yr Hyglyn, Cnwc yr Higlin 1 838TMS, Cmvc-y­ rhuglyn OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc-y-rhyglyn OS 1 904, Cnwcyrhyglyn OS1 982, Cnwc 'fel yr adnabyddir hi'n lleol' inf J. Lewis If my ventured meanir..g of * rhyglyn as bei.11g derived from *rhigolyn is correct (see Aberrhyglyn, 2-a), I suggest that * rhigolyn refers to the hollow ilr.mediately NW of the site of the farm, that descends towards Penmoifa (8-a); see Closglas (8-a). Cnwc-yr-wyl! -(SN 308-484)[cnwc + yr + \Vyll] ; [knuk�'hroji 0. Rees] Knwck yr \Vilth 1 604 Cilgv."Jll I 1\1SS, K11uck yr Rull 1 634 Cilgv.yn I 1\.1SS, Knwcke yr Will 1 65 l rent, Cnwckyrhwyll l 824PR Betwsifan, Cnwc-y-rhv.yll OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc=y�rh,,.vyll OS1 982 The early forms show that the term was not rhwyll 'holed, gapped', but wyll 'ghost' or 'owl', most likely the former. J. Jones [ 1 908: 1 05] elaborated on w'P.at \vas termed yr wyll in Carnarvonshire: "Dywedir mai bod anweledig, ag sydd yn marchogaeth cefF;lau ieuainc yn y nos, ac yn eu g)'fU nes y byddont allan o vvynt, ac yn dyferu gan chwys ydyw hwn. I Rlnvyll y seinir yr 1vyll ar lafar gwlad, fel pe yn cym..'1.1eryd yr ystyr oddiwrth yr Wyll ag y mae y Beibl yn son am dano yn Esaiah xxxiv. 1 4, lie y proff\.•.ydir dinystr di.11asoedd gelynion yr Eglwys, ac y dywedir am eu halh"'lghyfanleoedd hwynt, 'Ac anifeiliaid, etc. , yr ellyll a ei!w ar ei gyfaill; yr "Wyll a orphwys yno, ac a gaiff orphwysdra yn.ddi. "' The term is also found in Tfr yr rf'yll l 68 1 (Llandde-w'i'rc-wm, Brees.), whose rent was to be given to the poor [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .508] . Coletsh-bach -(SN 326-484)[E. college (+ bach)] ; [k;,!ed3'ba:x L. Jenki..ttS, ko!ed3'ba:x, 0. Rees, k;,letJ'ba:x M. Thmr..as ] College-bach OS 1 89 1 Coletsh-mawr -(SN 324-484)[£. college (+ mawr)L [ k:>led3 m awr 0 . Rees, k:lletJ, k:lled3'mowr M . Thomas] College Greer.., College Gwyddin, Gv;yddin (prox. ), (c) Park College 1 799 REvans l\ASS, College 1 803map J. Singer, College 1 809PR Penbryr.., College OS 1 834, College-tna\\'f O S 1 891 Named after a school that was kept here by Rev. David Jones (t l 700), vicar of Llanbadarn-fawr (but a native of Penbryn), after he was ejected from his living during the Cow.monwealth [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall­ Turner: 1 37; 1 983 CER: 9.352) . Craig-y-don -(SN 308-54l )[craig + y + ton]; [krajgil'd :m L.A... Jones] Craig=y=don OS 1 904 b.bet. l 891 -1 904 [OS1891 ; 031904] . Croes-y-bryn -(SN 292-5 1 3)[ croes + y + bryn] ; Croes-y-bryn OS 1 904 TI>.is house, b.bet. l 891-1 904 [OS189l], was at the site of a crossroads. Cwm-bach -(SN 341 -507)[cwm + bachL Cvnn bach 1 787sur nmp Cwmbancau -(SN 283-509){ C\Nm + y + bancau] ; [kum'bauke l\1. 1\lf...at'Pias] Cwm-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-bancau OS1 904, Brynberv.yn (sign) Brynbenvyn was b. 1 9 1 0, Cwmbancau's site in Brynberuyn's garden [inf M. :Matl1ias] ; the r..ame Benvyn doubtlessly inspired by the nearby h.11. Bern. Cwmbarre -(SN 3 5 1 -492)[c\:vm + lm. Barre]; [kum'bare L. Jenki..ttS, kum,bare'd3o·nz M Thofil.as] Cwm Barre 1 65 l rent, Cwm Barre 1 787PR Troedrour, 'cist-faen at' Cwm Barreu 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Pen Btynn, Cwm-bare O S 1 834, Cwm Barre 1 838TIAS, Cwm-barre c. 1 900 V/Fl\..1 MS 1 520/l , Cwmbarre Farm 0S l 982 Cwmbarre-siop -(SN 347-493)[tn. Cwmbarre (8-a) + E. shop]; [kmn,bare1:lP M Thomas, kum,bar:e1:lP I. T. Evans] Cwmbarry 1 83 8TMS, Cv.m-barre Cot+..age OS 1 89 1 , Cv.mbarre Shop c. 1 900 \VFJ\1[ l\AS 1 520/1 , Cwmbarre Siop c. l 925 WFM l\1S 1 650/1 8 Cwmbedw -(SN 347-503)[cwm + hn. Bedv•1]; [kum'bedu J\A. Thomas] Tir Cv.'lTI. Bedw 1 584 Nouadd l\1S S, Cwm Bedw 1 650rent, Cwmbedr 1 7 1 4 F. C. Winchester (Hove) l\1SS , Cv.mbedw 1 760CF, Cwmbedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.m-bedw OS 1 89 1 Cwmbem -(SN 289-508)[cwm + hn . Bern]; [kom'bern L. Jenkins, J . Lewis] '

124

(8) IS-COED Kwm Bern 1 604 Cilgwyn

I MSS, Tyr Cumbern 1 634 Cilgwyn I MSS , Kwm Berne 1 65 1 rent, Cwm Bern

1 787sur map, Cwmbern 1 809PR Penbryn, Cwm Bern OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-beron (sic) OS 1 834, Cwmbern 1 83 8TMS, Cwm-bern OS 1 89 1

Cwmgwaednerth -(SN 343-484)(cwm + pn. Gwaednerth] ; [kum'k�jdnerth 0 . Rees, L. Jenkins, M . Thomas, pn. daj'kum M. Thomas] Gwaednerth ycha 1 58 6 Nouadd MSS, Cwm Gwaedverth issa, Cwm Gwadverth, Gwaedverth ycha 1 65 1 rent, Cwmgwaednerth 1 720PR Troedrour, Cwmcoednerth 1 760CF, Cwm Gwydnerth 1 77 1 PR Penbryn, Tyr Cwm Gwaednerth, Cwm Gwaednerth issa 1 773 MRichardson MS 1 84, Cwmgoednerth 1 783 M.Richardson

MS 1 92, Cwm Gwydnerth 1 787sur map, Cwmgwaednerth 1 788 Croydon MS S,

Cwmygoednerth 1 794PR Penbryn, Cwmcoednerth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Coednerth 1 825PR Betwsifan, Cwm-coednarth O S 1 834, Cwmgoednerth 1 845PR Penbryn, Cwmwaldnerth als. Cwmgwoldnerth als. Cwmgaednerth als. Cwmgadreth 1 860 Aberglasney MS 1 3 6, Cwm-coed-nerth OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-coednerth O S 1 904, Cwmcoednoeth 'according to old government maps' 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p. 1 2 We must assume that the original

Cwmgwaednerth became pronounced *kum'gwednere, and that the kued or kwe:d the then local realisation of coed 'wood', and as a consequence the spelling was altered to -coednerth (this had occurred by 1 760); the forms of 1 78 3 and 1 794 show the intermediate form of this popular etymology: -goednerth. I said the then local realisation of coed, as this word is locally pronounced koed or k:')·jd since at least 1 900, though words such as oes 'yes' and ddoe 'yesterday' are pronounced we:s and dwe:, apparently being surviving forms of an older stratum of dialect. However, the past pronunciation of coed in the area may not be needed to explain the new form with coed, since we can postulate the dulling of the penultimate syllable preceding the consonant cluster [dn], giving rise to forms such as *kum'gw�dnere and even *kum'g�dnere. Supportive of the reduction [ -gwvd-] ---+ [ -gvd-] are the forms of 1 860, to which we can compare some forms of Lledwennau (61-a) , and perhaps Abecwmdolau (69-a), and Cilgynllau (21 -a). That the reduced sound [-k�d- I g �d - ] in place-names were reanalysed to coed (which would regularly reduce under the same circumstances to [-k:')d-] and even [-k�d-]) is amply demonstrated in the cases of a number of place-names: Cilgoed-fach (SN 20-36, Llanfihangel Penbedw, Pembs.), is derived from the form Gilgedfach 1 84 1 , which was originally Cilgadjarch [ 1992 PN Pembs: 382] ; for other examples see sub Blaencwmcedifor (1 4-a); J. Rhys noted the relevance of the form of 1 77 1 [ 1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] ; cf Ystumgwaednerth (SH 77-2 1 , Llan:fuchreth, Mers.), noted Ystumgwadnaeth o n O S maps. Cwmllwydrew -(SN 3 32-498)[cwm + y + llwydrew] ; [kum'hdrew L. Jenkins, M. Thomas] Park Cwm Shon Michael 1 787sur map, Cwm Rholiad ? 1 79 1 PR Troedrour, Cwmllwydrew 1 824PR [ -gwed-]

segment was understood as

-

Betwsifan, Cwmllidriw, Cwmlleidrw 1 838TMS, Cwm-llwydrew O S 1 89 1

Cwm-mynach -(SN 3 39-507)[cwm + y + mynach] ; Cwmfynach 1 773-74 in 1 946 T. Beynon p. 1 70, Cwm Mynach cott,

(c) Alit Mynach ( S N 340-505) 1 787sur

map, Cwmynach OOS 1 8 1 1

Cwm Nan tceii (SN 294-5 1 2) [cwm + tn. Nantcell]; [kumnant'ke:l L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, H. M. Parry] -

Nant Kell 1 65 1 rent, Cwmnantcell 1 889PR Penbryn See Pencwarre (8-a). Cwmrhaffau -(SN 299-5 1 1 )[cwm + y + rhaffau]; [kum'hrafe L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, kum'arfe J. Lewis] Cwm RMff 1 787sur map, Cwmraffe OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-rhaffe O S 1 834, Cwmrhaffe 1 83 8 TMS , Cwm­ rhaffau O S 1 89 1

Cwmtwrch -(SN 327-48 1 )[cwm + twrch]; [kum'turx M . Thomas] Tythin Cwm Twrch 1 73 9 M. Richardson MSS p . 3 4 1 , (c) Park isaf Cwmtwrch, Park uchaf Cwmtwrch 1 787sur map, Cwm y Twrch 1 803map J. Singer, Lainhir OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmtwrch 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Cwm­ twrch OS 1 83 4

Cwmtywyii - ( SN 3 1 1 -505)[cwm + tywyll] ; [kum'towd, kum't�wd J . Lewis] Cwm-tywyll OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 787sur map] . Cwmrysgoi - ( SN 3 1 0-502)[cwm + yr + ysgol]; [kum'r�sk:')l J. Lewis] (c) Park Cwm yr Ysgol 1 787sur map, Cwmriscol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm yr Ysgol 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Cwm­ ysgol OS 1 89 1

Deinoel -(SN 304-488)[pn. Deinioel] ; [dejn�l L . Jenkins, M . Thomas]

125

(8) IS-COED Ffynnon Ddeynwl 1 6 5 l rent, Brondeiniol l 769-70 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 68, Ddeiniol l 77 1-72 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 69, Ffynnon Doynol l 784 Aberglasney MS 1 29, Dinol l 799 REvaP.s MSS, Ffynnonddeinol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynon-ddinol 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Ddeinol OS1 834, Ffynnon Ddein.ol, Ffynnon Ddinol 1 838TMS, Ffym1on-ddeiniol 08 1 891, Deinol-fach (prox.) c. l 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 , Ffy!mon-ddawnol (sic) 081 904, Deinol 0Sc. l 950, FfynJlOn Ddawnol (sic) 1 954 F. Jones p. 1 62, Y Deiniol l 972 Cardi vol. 9 p.7 Nearby lies (c) Park y Beddau [ 1787sur map] wr.ich - coupled with what may be the saint' s r.ame - may suggest a religious site; cf Llanddeinoel (51-a). Dermayfrey -(SN 332-498)[ ? ] ; Dermafrey O S 1 982 Built on Cwmllwydrew (8-a) lands following a divorce [inf J\1. Thomas]. Dolfedwen -(SN 283-5 08) [dol + y + bedwen] ; Dol-y-fedwen OS 1 904, Dolfedwen (sign) Doffynnon-isa -(SN 292-497)[dol + y + ffynnon (+ isaf)] ; [d�}Jm�n'iJa E. Jones, d�l'fm�n H. M. Parry] Dol Ffynnon 1 787sur map, Dolffynn on 1 809PR Penbryr� Ddol Ff.Jnnon ishaf 1 83 8Tl\1S, Dol-ffynnon-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Dol=ffjlllol n 0Sc. 1 950 Doffynnon-ucha -(SN 292-496)[dol + y + ffyrmon (+ uchaf)] ; [d:>!,fm:>n'iza E. Jones] Ddol F:fynnon uchaf 1 838TM..S, Dol-ffynnon-uchaf 0S l 89 1 , Bromvydd OS 1 982 Dringo-bryn -(SN 3 54-5 1 0)[dringo + bryn]; Dringo-bryn OS 1 982 An awful calque of E. hill + climb by what must have been people unacquai.."lted with gram.-·natical rules of composition in Welsh. Dwr!as -(SN 308-485) [ ? ] ; [dL.-q-las �A.Williarr1s] Dyffryn Dv.rrlas 1 840PR Penbryn, Dwrlas 1 872PR Penbryn, DvJr-las OS 1 89 1 , Dvvr-las O S 1 904, D\\Tlas 1 930 Nat.Eist. MSS {Llanelli: ref 2u} The lenition of glas after dWr is wholly irregular, a_rld though I thought at one ti.me that this may b.a.ve been a referenc-e to the Irish toponym Durlas (E. T.�urles, Co. Tipperary) [ 1 986 A Room: 1 20 ], the form of 1 840 seerr1s to IP.ake it a gro ssly rr.isformed popular etymology of the "P.r._ Du!ais (often found 'corrected' as Du!as in the nineteenth century) which forms the only valley in the i..'111e11 diate vicir.ity. Dyffrynbem �(SN 287-5 l l) [dyffryn + hn. Bern]; [dd'rm'bern N. Jones] Tir Herbert Jep�l(in in Dyffiyn Barr 1 63 1 CD 3 5, Dyffryn Bern 1 760CF, Dyffryn Bern 1 786 Ty-llv.;yd 1\tf..SS, Dyffri n Bum 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 79, Dyffryn Bern 1 809PR Penbryn, Dyffrynbem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffryn Bern 1 8 1 9 Bromvydd J\1SS, Dyffryn-beron (sic) 0 8 1 834, Dyffryn Beren 1 867 AC p. 305, Dyffryn Bern O S 1 891 Dyffrynhowna..f!t -(SN 3 1 0- 5 1 4)[dyffryn + hn. Hownant] ; [drrrm H. M. Parry, d�frm'hownant J. Lewis, pla:s'ko: z the farm of Dyffryn..�ovmant J. Le\vis] Dyffryn Hoddnant 1 539 Nouadd J\1SS, Dyffryn Hofr.ant c. l 600 L.Dv.T.n vei l p. 55, Plas Dyffryn Hafnant 1 634 Cilgvvyn I J\1SS, Diffrynhwnant 1 803map J. Singer, Dyfiyn Hownant 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. l 84, Dyffryn Hoffnant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyfryn-hwnant 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.332, Dyffryn-Hoffn.a.nt OS 1 904 Inexistent [OS1891 ] . " Safai [Plas Dyffrynhownant] yng nghornel isafParc y Berllan a'r afonig Hownant yn llifo o'i fl.aen, a roedd Pare Coch rhyngddo a'r ffordd, neu Benlon Goch ( canys dyna hen enw PePlon Rhydser) . " [ 1 933 :in 1 992 Llafar Gwlad: 3 7 . 1 1 ] ; Plascoch lower than Dyffrynhov.T.ant [inf. J. Lewis], behind Dyffrynhownant [inf. H. r:-.1. Parr;] ; 'the desirable valley' [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 332] . Dytfrynsaith -(SN 282-5 1 1 )[dyffryn + hn. Saith]; [d�frm'saje N. Jones] Di:ffryn Saith 1 65 1rent, Dyffryn Saith 1 760CF, Dyffrynsaith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffiyn Saeth OS 1 834, Dyffryn Saeth OS 1 89 1 , Dyffryn Saith OS1 904 Efail Brithdir -(SN 340-476)[efail + tn. Brithdir (8-a)] ; [eve!'bri9dir, nov; glan'rav�n 0. Rees] Smithy OS 1 891 Efail Samau -(SN 3 1 2-508)[efail + tP� Sarmm (8-a)] ; [e·vel H. M Parry, �.hre:n'evel, now brm'awel J. Lewis] inf Efailwen -(SN 322=5 1 3) [efail + gvv'en]; Efail-wen OS 1 834, Efail-wen OS1 891 Eglwys Penloomoch -(SN 3 1 5-5 1 0)[eglwys + tn. Penlomnoch (8-b)]; [eglus,penlon'mo:z L. JeP.kiP.s, egluspe ,lo:n'mo:x �A. Thomas, sen'd3�nz L. Jenki..1JS, sejnt'd3:)fl, reglus H. �.1. Pany] 126

(8) IS�COED St. John's Church (chapel of ease) OS 1 89 1 , St. John's Mission Church 1 903 G.E. Jones p. 1 32, Ch OS1 982 Opened 1 899 [ 1 983 CER: 9.355 ] . Esgaireithin -(SN 284-504)[esgair + eithin]; [esker'ejem L. Jen.l.;:ins, resker J\1. M...at.Pias, he:n'esker + esker 'newi E. Jones] Eskiraytbin 1 760CF, Esgir Eithin, (c.s) Park Cwm yr Hendy, Blaen Cl.vtn yr Hendy (SN 287-501) 1 787sur w..ap, Esger Eithin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esgair-eithi.11 OS 1 834, Esgir Eithi.11 1 838TMS, Esgair-eitbin OS1 891 Y Fedwen -(SN 320-470)[y + bedwen] ; Y Fedwen OS 1 982 Felin=ban -(SN 3 1 5-467)(y + melin-pan]; Tre y Velin Bann 1 650rent, Tucki.11g Mill, Tir y Felin Ban als. Old Tucking Mill 1 787sur rrmp, (cl l 76) Tir y Felin Ban 1 838TMS, Tir y Felin Ban 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 8 1 Felin-ganoi -(SN 339-47l)[y + melin (+ canol)]; [ve!m'g an:l! L . Jenkins, J\1. Thomas] Melin \Vernan als. Y Velin ganol 1 574 Nouadd .l\1SS, Mellin Gwernan ? 165l rent, Velin ganol l 760CF, Felin ganol l 801PR Troedrour, Felinganol OOS 1 81 1 , Melin ganol 0S l 834, Felin ganol l 838TMS, Felin­ ganol OS 1 891 Ffoseinon -(SN 285-508)[ffos + pn. Einon]; [fo·s'ejn:ln J\1. J\1at.!:>ias, fpn. k..'!,fos'ejn:ln E. Jones] (c) Park Ffos Einon 1 787sur map, Ffos-einon OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 787sur map] . Ffynhonau-gleison -(SN 334-485)[ffynhonau + gleision] ; [fi'none L . Jenkins, M . Tho!!l.l!s, I. T . Evans, fi ,none'glejf:ln 0. Rees, fi,none'g!ejf:ln J\1. Thomas] Fronlas cott. 1 787sur map, Ff}rnnon Gleision 1 838TMS, Ffynnonau-gleision OS1 891 The fact tb..at the rmme is reduced to the referent means that the qualifier tends to take the more literary form gleision rather tb..an gleison. Ffynnonberw -(SN 321 -520)[ffynnon + y + benv]; [fd H . M Parry] Refel fach ? OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hafod fach 1 8 1 1PR Penbryn, Rb.afodfach 1 828PR Penbryn, Hafod-fach OS 1 834, Hafo d fach 1 83 8TM8, Hafod 08 1 89 1

Hendraws -(SN 3 23-477) [hen + trav.rs] ; [he:nldraws 0. Rees, hendraws M . Thomas] Hendraws 1 73 9 J\1. Richardson J\1SS p. 3 41 , Hendravv's 1 803tnap J. SL.'lger, Rendrws OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hendraws O S 1 834, Hendraws OS 1 89 1

Hendrmvs (47-a). Hendre -(8N 330-500) [hendrefJ ; [hendre M Thomas] Cf

Hendre OS 1 982 Originally part of Ffynnonfendigaid (8-a) [i."lf M. Thomas] . Heol-yr-efaii -( 8N 3 1 0-508)[heol + yr + efail] ; [he:)l��re·vel J. Lewis, tajlkownsd H. M Parry] in£ Heolgoeden - (SN 3 54- 5 1 0)[heol + y + coeden] ; Heol Coeden OS 1 982

Hyngri -(8N 3 34-498)[E. hungry] ; [ rJUri M. Thow.as, (c) hnw1rJUri M. Jones, M. Thonms] Hungry 1 83 8Th1S, Hungry Hall c. 1 900 '\VFl\1 J\1S 1 520/1 , Hungri 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Hungri 1 926 \VFJ\.1 J\1S 1 650/1 6, (pn ) Deio'r Hungry 1 93 8 \VFM J\1S 1 65 0/1 1 , (c) R.ltivv' yr Hungry (prox.) 1 953 \VFM MS 1 650/ 1 2 p . l 2, Hungary Hall l 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 62 A certain Ianto'r Sowdiwr, who was in the battle of Coru:i:l.a i.11 the Peninsular War, lived here [c.l 900 WB\1 MS 1 5 2011 ] ; credir fod deiliad y ty wedi dioddef ne\\'Yn rhy,.vbryd [ 1 95 3 WB\1 MS 1 650112: 12]; cf The Hungry Forties was a nicl.vs is related to peg>.vn 'beacon' one should note tl1at the road to Brynhoffnant (8-a) i.rnmediately N of Llain Villa goes over the highest point i.11 the immediate vicinity. Llainwen -(SN 279-495)[11ain + gwen] ; [iajn E. Jones] Llainwen 1 837Th1S Blaenporth, Llain 08 1 891 , Llain 08 1 904, Cartref OS1 982 L!anborth -(SN 296-521)(1lan + porth]; [4amb:lr9 L. Jenki.llS, J. Lewis] 'terre' Porth began 1 21 4 L'l 1 878 J.RDaniel-Tyssen pp. 73-75, Porth begham 1 447 in 1 878 J.R.Daniel­ Tyssen p. 78, Llanborth 1 574 ]\JL\V J\1S 291 2 p.3 5, Llanbor+.h issa + Llanborth ychan 1 65 1rent, Tythyn Llanborth ycha 1 723 Croydon MSS, Tythyn Llanborth ucha 1 723 Croydon MS S, Tyddyn Llanborth ucha 1 726 Croydon l'AS S, Llanporth 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Llangporth 1 760map E.Bowen et a!. , Lamborth 1 767rent p.240, Llamborth als. Llanborth als. Llongborth 1 81hcent. in Rep\VI\1SS vol. l pt. 2 p. 941 , Llongborth 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.21 1 , Llan-borth OS 1834, Llainborth 1 9 1 1 Beckingsale M�S p. 1 05 A hamlet ( 1 983 CER: 9.344]. T. EvaP...s [ 1 71 6 : 93] identified Llanborth with Llongborth of the old \Velsh poetry (Llogborth [c. l 250 BBC: 48-49] ), this was reinforced by that author's belief that the Geraint mentioned in the same poetry was commemorated in Perthgerent (8-a) some 6krn to the SSE. This is not now generally accepted, it being more usual to associate L!ongborth with Langport (Somerset) [ 1 978 R. Bromwich & R. B. Jones: 288] . That Llanborth could derive from a commo n-noun llongborth is, however, not wholly to be discounted, cf the common use in S cottish toponymy of the Scottish Gaelic c.ognate longphort [ 1 926 W. J. Watson: 493-95], nevertheless Llanborth makes perfect seP...s e as 'the haven of the '

131

(8) IS-COED church', in reference to nearby Penbryn church, and unless earlier forms are found contradicting the forms assembled here, this is the undoubte.d mewing of this toponym. S . R Meyrick's coPjecture that it meant !lawn ymborth 'full of nourishment' is to be discounted [ 1 808: 179) . Llannerchdeg -(SN 3 1 8-489)[1laP..nerch + teg] ; [lanarz'de:g 1\/!. Thornas] Llanerch-deg OS 1 89 1 L!echrochain -(SN 3 07-522)[llech + yr + ocb..ain]; [ie:x, J . Lewis, ie:x,�'r;,x,ajn L . Jenkins] Llech yr Ochan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 79, Llechyrochai.11 1 809PR Penbryn, Llech'r-ochai.11 O S 1 834, Llech-yr-ochain O S 1 89 1 I strongly suspect ochain 'lamentation' t o be a popular rear.alysis o f ychen 'oxen', see sub Cwys-yr­ ychenbannog (33-b). The slab which gave its name to this place "was of considerable size and recumbent ­ probably now destroyed since 1 836" [ 1 860 AC: 6 1 ] . The house is not far from the site of Groenyn als. Carregsamson (8-b), and it is feasible tb..at both P..ames refer to the same stone. Llety-bwci -(SN 272- 5 1 3)[llety + yr + bwciL [leti 1\1. Jenkins] Llety Bwci OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lletty r Bwci O S 1 834, Lletty'r Burei 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Lletty-y-b'vvci OS 1 89 1 , Llety OS 1 982 Llwyncelyn -(SN 3 1 5-484)[llwyn + celyn] ; Lhvyncelyn 1 8 1 OPR Penbryn, Lhvyn-celyn OS 1 89 1 Llwyneos -(SN 33 5-473)[1lwyn + eos ? ] ; [mjnj:ls I. T . Evans, iunj:ls, iun'i=>s l\1 . Thotr.as, iujn'bs L . JeiL�ins] Lloyn Eos 1 6 1 0 Cilg'vyn I MSS, LhA'Yn yr Eos, Llwyn Eos 1 65 1rent, Tyr Llwyn-yos 1 699 Cilgwyn I MSS , Lloyneos 1 72 1 Coedmor MS 5 1 8, Llwyneos 1 791PR Troedrour, Llwyneos 1 808PR Penbryn, Lhvyneos fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn yr Eos 1 82 1PR Troedrour, Llwyn-eos O S 1 834, Lhvyn-yr-eos OS 1 89 1 , Lhvynyneos OS 1 982 Since the nightingale (W. eos) is well knm.vn to not !>.ave been a resident of the larger part of ,Vales [ 1 981 \V . Condiy: 1 2o-21 ; 1 892 H . O"ven: 1 . 149] , we are entitled to ask whether tris name in fact represents the term llwynfos (attested orJy once, unfortunately only in the suspect manuscripts of Iolo J\.1organwg: "Cyfarchwn \:vell i'r eos Hawn awen mewn llwyn1os. " [ GPC s.v. llwyn; GPC s.v. -os]). If *Llwynios was the original form of tbis place-name it \vould have been a sore temptation for some to understand bs as eos 'nightingale' (cf Dyfedeg hbl � heol, L:m � eo{j)n; "eos (or ios as it is called in the South East)" [ 1 892 H. Owen: 1 . 149]). A comparable term perthios (GPC s.v. -os] is also unfortunately orJy attested from a Iolo �1organwg manuscript, but agair1 it may prove to supply the original meaning of Pertheos (SH 71-51, Dolwyddelw., Caerns.), Partheosk [ 1 356 Rec.Caem. : 1 0] , which again - also for geographical reasons - seerns an unlikely candidate for containing eos. The tn. Gwauneos (SH 87-57, Gw)1heriJt, Denbs.) is a reanalysis of Gwenn Eneas [>1200 cart. il.berconwy: 144) . The spelling for an original is found in northern ':vales for Rhydlios (SJ 20-30, Llansilin, Denbs.), \vritten Rhydleos on maps [ 1 959 E. Davies: 145], Rlqydlios (SH 1 8-30, Aberdaron, Caems . ); it is a hypercorrection for the development of to , e.g. rheol £5'hrbl [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 463 ] . It may prove that the above names confi.rm the authenticity of iolo Morganwg's information, the orJy misgiving I reserve is that the addition of the uffix -os to a plural does not seem usua� though t.llls is exactly what has occurred v.rith the suffix -ag in the case of drysiog and mieriog 'brambly' (derived from an original drys and mwyar 'bramble'), wl>.ich contrast with the cognate Breton toponyrns Drezeg (Plougonven, F:inistere), and OB. Afoiaroc [ 1 975 B. Tanguy: 1 1 3, 1 1 5]). All other examples of Llwyn(r)eos in C.ardigar1sbire are relatively recent, the earliest attestation for two of them are 1 83 8 (1 4-a) and 1 839 (42-a). Other place-names with eos are also relatively recent, Pant-yr-eos (42-a), and Pertheos (25-a). Nanteos (64a) whilct not being so recent a P.ame is a romantic coining of the late seventeenth century. Llwyngwyn - (SN 3 1 7-489)[lhvyn + gwyn] ; [iujn'gwm M. Thomas] LhryngvJyn OS 1 982 b. > 1 93 9 [i.rrf. M. Thomas] . Llwynhelyg -(SN 3 0 1 -503)[ll\vyn + helyg] ; [brm'hehg ? J. Lewis] Llwyn-helyg OS 1 904 Llwynteg -(SN 3 5 1 -505)[1lwyn + teg]; [lujn'te:g M Thow..as] Lhvyn-teg OS 1 89 1 , Llwynteg OS 1 982 Llysgwyn -(SN 326-482)[llys + gwyn] ; [ii : s 'g wm J.\1. Thomas] Llys-gwf11 OS 1 982 Lowgat -(SN 301 -5 1 5)[E. low + gate]; [lowgat L. Jenkins]

132

(8) IS-COED Lowgate OOS 1 8 1 1 , Low Gate OS 1 89 1 , Lowgart 1 983 CER vo1. 9 p. 3 5 1 ,

Y Lowgart

1 992 Llafar Gwlad

n. 3 7 p. l l Lower gate to Dyffrynhownant (8-a) mansion on way to church [inf. L. Jenkins; J. Lewis] . Maesglas -(SN 3 03 - 5 1 9) [maes + glas] ; Llain y Maes Glas 1 690 NLW misc. M S S vol.4 p. 9, Maesglas 1 71 6 T.Evans p . 93 , Maes Glaes 1 760map E.Bowen, Maesglas 1 804 M.Richardson MS S p. 263, Masglas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maes-gills O S 1 834, Maes Glas 1 83 8 TMS, Maes-gias OS 1 8 9 1 The explanation given by T. Evans [ 1716: 93 ] that this i s a reduction o f Maes y Lids o r (both referring to a bloody battle at nearby Llanborth, 8-a) can be safely discounted.

Maes Galanas

Maesgwyn -(SN 297-506)[maes + gwyn] ; Maesgwyn 1 809PR Troedrour, Maesgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maes-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Maesllwyn -(SN 286-496)[maes + y + llwyn] ; Maes-llWy-n OS 1 89 1 , Maesllwyn O S 1 982

Maes-y-morfa -(SN 3 09-532) [maes + y + morfa] ; Maes-y-Morfa O S 1 904 b. l 899 [inf.] .

Marlfo -(SN 3 1 5-485)[F.tn. Marfaux (Marne, France)] ; [ marfo J. Lewis, marf:l M. Thomas] Marffo OS 1 982 b. >1 93 9. Named thus because the son of the builder had died in France near Maifaux during the 1 9 1 4- 1 8 War [inf. M. Thomas ] . Melin Brithdir -(SN 3 4 1 -475)[melin + tn. Brithdir (8-a)] ; [velm'bn6dtr L. Jenkins, M. Thomas, M H. Davies, a 'velm M. H. Davies] Melin Brithdire 1 564 Bronwydd MSS, Mill 1 787sur map, Melin y Britheir 1 803map J. Singer, Brithdir Mill 1 80 8PR Penbryn, Felin Brithtir OOS 1 8 1 1 , Brithtir O S 1 834, Brithdir Mill (sic loc.) 1 83 8TMS, Brithdir, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Felin Brithdir 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p. 54

b. 1 786 [ sign] . Melin Llanborth -(SN 296-520)[melin + tn. Llanborth (8-a)] ; [vehn'lamb:lr6 L. Jenkins] Lamborth Mill 1 767rent p. 240, Corn Mill OS 1 89 1 , Melin Llanborth 1 983 Gambo n. 3 , (fpn. ) Nano'r Felin 1 983 CER vol.9 p . 3 49

Melinsaith -(SN 280-5 1 5) [melin + hn. Saith]; [velm'saje, now gwalja M. Mathias] Melyn Diflfin Sayth 1 604 Cilgwyn I MSS, Melin Aber Saith 1 65 1 rent, Felinfach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin 05 1 834, Felin Saith 1 83 8TMS, Felin Saeth (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Saith O S 1 904

MELINWNDA -(SN 328-469)[melin + pn.

Gwyndaf] ;

Mill at Pont Wnda 1 5 89 Nouadd MS S ,

Y

[velm'unda L.

Jenkins, M. Thomas]

Velindre 1 6 5 1 rent, Lower Mill

??

1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MSS ,

Tythin y Velindre als. Cappell Gwnda, Tythin D o l y Velin (prox.) 1 73 9 M Richardson M S S p.341 , Gwnda Mill 1 797PR Troedrour, Felincapelgwnda OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velingwnda 1 823PR Troedrour, Cappel Gwnda Mill 1 83 8TMS, Felin-Wnda, Corn Mill O S 1 89 1 , Felin Wnda 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.42, Felin-wnda OS 1 982 Comprising: 1) Melinwnda, 2) Penbont (10-a), 3) Pengraig, 4) Rectory (1 0-a). Minffordd -(SN 277-500) [min + y + ffordd] ; [mmf:lr() E. Jones] Minyffordd 1 8 12PR Penbryn, Man:ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Min:ffordd OS 1 904

Morannedd -(SN 286-495) [mor + annedd] ; Morannedd OS 1 9 82

Morfa Cottage -(SN 3 03-528)[tn. Morfa (8-a) + E. cottage]; [m:lrva'gri:n J. Lewis] Morfa O S 1 89 1 , Morfa Cottage O S 1 904, Morfa Green (sign)

Morfa-ganol -(SN 3 06-529)[morfa (+ canol)] ; [m:lrva'gan�l L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, �m�r'vej() (coiL ) J. Lewis, o·r,m:lr'vej() (coil.) A. Jones] Y Morva 1 65 1 rent, Morfa Howell 1 66 1 Nouadd MSS, Tythyn Morva Howell 1 723 Croydon MSS , Tythyn Morfa Howell 1 724 Croydon MS S, Tyddyn Morva Howell 1 726 Croydon MS S, Morva 1 760CF, Morva Howell 1 769 " M Richardson MS 1 82, Morva-howell 1 795 R Evans MSS , Morfa 1 803 map J. Singer, Morfa ganol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Morfa 1 8 1 9 Croydon MS S, Morfa ganol O S 1 834, Morfa Howell 1 83 8TMS, Morfa 0Sc. 1 95 0, Morfa-canol OS 1 904

Sylvanus Howell(s) of Moifa-ganol [ 1 796 in 1 904 J. Evans: 265; 1 804 M. Richardson MSS: 263] ; pasturage [ 1 983 CER: 9.343 ] .

133

used to be rough

(8) IS-COED Morfa=g\lJ-'11 �(SN 302�5 1 8)[morfa + gwyn] ;

Morfa Gwyn (sign) Mmfa-isa -(SN 3 02-529)[morfa (+ isaf)] ; [m:Jrva'i:Ja L. Jenkins]

Tyr Pant y 1\1eirch als. �Aorva issa 1 786 1\1.Richardson MSS p.460, J\1orfa issa 1 808PR Penbryn, J\1orfa issa OOS 1 81 1 , Morfa-isa OS 1 834, J\1orfa ishaf 1 83 8TMS, Morfa-isaf O S 1 89 1 Morfa-ucha -(SN 308-5 3 l ) [morfa (+ uchaf)]; [m:lrva'i:x,a L . JenkiP.s] J\1orfa ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , l\1orfa-ucha OS 1 834, Morfa uchaf l 83 8TMS Morfa Villa -(SN 3 04- 5 1 9)[tn. 1\Aorfa (8-a) + E. villa]; [ m :lrv a vda L. Jenkins ] Morfa Villa OS 1 891 Mmwelir -(SN 286-496)[mor + gwelir]; l\.1orv•1elir OS 1 982 b. C. 1 968 [ inf. E. Jones] . Mountain Hall -(SN 302=51 l) [tn. l\1ountain Hall (SN 38-36, Llangeler, Carms.)]; [mawnten'ho:l L . Jenkins, mownten'ho:l J. Lewis] J\1ountai...'1 1 763-64 h'1 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 66, Mountai...'1 Hall OS 1 8 1 1 , �Aountain Hall 1 823PR Penbryn This appears to have been named after the Carmarther..shire mansion of�TI.1ountain Hall. Nantbreni -(SN 335-48l)[nant + y + brenin] ; [nant'breni L. Jenkins, nam'breni M. Thoro.as] Nant y Breni...fl 1 650rent, Nant y Brenny 1 760CF, Nantbrenni 1 798PR Troedrour, Nant Brermi 1 803map J. Singer, Nantybreni OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantybrenny 1 81 2PR Troedrour, Nantbreri 1 824PR Troedrour, NantbreiL'ly 1 828PR Troedrour, Nant-breni OS 1 834, Nant y Brenny 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Nant-y-brenPi OS 1 891 , Nantbrenni 0Sc. l 950 The form breni for brenin is due to the loss of fmal in an unstressed syllable, a development not uncommon in place-names. It was probably named because it ro.arked the limit (in all li...kelihood) between the !1 93 9 [inf. M. Thomas] ; cf Laburnum Hall (48-a). Trewylan -(SN 300-506)[tref + gwylan]; [tre: 'wilan L. Jenkins] Tre-W)rlan OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [081 891 ; OSI 904]. Troedrhiw -(SN 298-523)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [tr:ljd'hnw L. Jenkins] Troedyrhiw 1 760CF, Troedyrl1iw 1 809PR Penbryn, Troedrl1iw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 834, Troed­ y-rhiw OS 1 8 9 1 , 'wl1ich for many years was known locally as' Plas Mr. Hughes 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 243 Joh..11. Hughes, vicar of Penbryn from 1 823-69, lived at Troedrhiw [ 1 969 CER: 6.243]. Troedrhiw-fach -(SN 299-52l) [troed + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; [pla:s'ba:z J. G. Jenk:i.�] Troed-y-rhiw-ffich OS 1 891, :ym Mhlas-bach ? 1 983 Gambo n.3, Plasbach ? 1 983 Gambo n. 7 Three acres [1 983 Gambo: 3] ; prox. Melin Llanborth (8-a) [ 1 983 Gambo: 7]. Ty'rallt -(SN 3 39-505)[ty + yr + alit] ; Ty'r Allt 1 787sur n1ap See Alltgoch (8-a). Ty-crwca -(SN 332- 5 1 4)[ty + crwca] ; [ti:'kruka 0. Rees] Ty-cnvca OS 1 891, Ty-crwcca OS 1 904 Ty-hen -(SN 290-5 1 9)[ty + hen]; [ti: 'he: n L. Jenkins, ti'he:n J. Lewis] Tyhen OOS 1 8 1 1, Ty-hen OS 1 834, Ty Hen 1 83 8Tl\1S, Ty-hen OS c. 1 950, Ty·hen Farm OS 1 982 Ty-hwnt -(SN 341 -476)[ty + hwnt] ; [ti'hunt M Thomas, M. H. Davies, pn. /aki,ti'hunt M. Thomas] Tyh,.vnt 1 809PR Penbryn, Tyh\xmt 1 926 Wfl\A MS 1 650/16, (pn.) Eben Tuhwnt 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 1 7 Above �lVfelin Brithdir (8-a) [c. l 925 WF1vf MS 1650/1 8] ; o n Brithdir land, 'hvmt i afon Ceri' [ 1 926 WFM }.1S 1 65011 6] ; behind .A1elin Brithdir [inf. M. Thomas]. Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 329-495)(Cefnc-einv)[tY + newydd}; [ti'newi, ti'nowi M. Thomas] Tyne\\l)'dd 1 83 8Tl\1S, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 308-528)(Morfa-ganol)[ty + neW'jdd] ; Ty-newydd OS1 891 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 3 1 4-505)(Sarnau)[ty + nev.;ydd] ; Ty-newydd 08 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(iv) -(SN 3 35-488)(Glasgoed)[tY + newydd]; [ti'newi{') I. T. Evans] .

..

1 43

(8) IS-COED Ty-nevvydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(v) -(SN 3 37-478)(Brithdir)[ty + ne,vydd] ; [ti : 'newi L. Jen..kins] Ty-nev;ydd O S 1 891 Ty-rhiwlyn -(SN c. 3 25-480)[tY + *rr.iwelyn ? ] ; [ti'hnwlm M. Thmr.as] 'yn lleol' Ty Rhywlyn, 'ond ei enw cywir yw' Blaenhendraws 1 989 Gambo n.66, Castanwydden inf. M. Thow.as Existent [Ccl267) 1 83 8TMS]. The term rhiwlyn appears to be a syncopated derivative in -yn of *rhiwel (cf *rhiglyn, sub Aber-rhyglyn, 2-a), in turn *rhiwel - an unattested term - may be derived from F. rue/ 'stream' [ 1 990 J.-Y. Le Moing: 435], a derivative of MF. Y'.J, L. riuus 'stream, ditch' [DHLF s.v. m] . The term rhiwlyn is found in the Cwmgwaun dialect of Pembrokeshire: "rhe1vlin = a tiny rivulet, a mere thread of a stream. A form of the word sometimes heard is rhiwelyn. " [1910 w. M. Morris : 245]. I am not aware of any such feature here, though cf nearby Fjjmnondudyr (8-a). Another possibility is that the name is *Tirhuwlyn, from E. sn Hewlin, a derivative of Hugh [DES: 230]; cf E.tP� Ruelwall (Cronwern, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs : 487] , and Re11'ell (Sussex), Ruele 1 275, derived from F. ntelle 'track' [ 1 929 PN Sussex: 1 . 1 37] . Ty­ rhiwlyn's other r.ame refers to the fact tr.at it lay at the topmost end of Hendraws land (8-a) [ 1 838Th1S; 1 989 Gambo: 66 ] . Ty-rhyd -(SN 284-5lO)[tY + yr + rhyd] ; [ti'hri:d J . Lewis] T)rrhyd 1 800PR Penbryn, Ty-rhyd OS 1 89 1 Waun -(SN 3 4 1 -503)[y + gwaun] ; [ wejn l\1. Thomas] Waun.., (c) Y Waun (prox.) 1 787sur map, Waun 1 803map J. Singer, Waun 1 808PR Penbryn, Waun OOS 1 8l l , Cwm-bach O S 1 834, Waun 1 83 8TMS, Waun OS 1 89 1 Waun-fawr -(SN 321 -487)[y + gwaun + mav,rr] ; [ wejn ' vowr A Williams, M . Thomas] \Vayn fawT 1 777 REvans, \Veinfav.'f, \Veinfaur 1 799 R Evans MSS, \Vaun fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , V/aun-fav.'f O S 1 834, \Vaun, \Vaun faur 1 83 8TMS, Waun-fawr OS 1 891 Part ofAberharthen-fawr (8-a) [ 1 777 R . Evans MSS] . Waunlwyd -(SN 3 09-527)[y + gwaun + llwyd] ; [wejn ' lujd J. G. Jenkins] \Vaun-1\\yd OS 1 89 1 Ysgol Glynharthen -(SN 308-485) [ysgol + tn. Glynharthen (8-a) ] ; Glynarthen C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 Ysgel Penmorfa -(SN (ii)304-5 1 8)[ysgol + tn. Penmorfa (8-a)] ; Ysgol y Groes (i) 1 894 J.Evans p. 93 , Ysgol Frytanaidd ym 1\1henmorfa (desc.) 1 898 Cyrnru vol. 1 4 p. 255, Penmorfa C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Sch OS 1 982, Ysgol Penmorfa 1 989 R Jones p. 1 92 i) SN 304-52 1 . pt. of old chapel of Penmorfa, a school in early nineteenth century [ 1 894 J. Evans: 93] ; by 1 858 was a permanent school at Pen..morfa chapel [1 983 CER: 9.354] . ii) SN 304-5 1 8. b. 1 877 as a Board School [1 983 Gambo: 8; 1 983 CER: 9.354] .

geonyms Alltdderw -(SN 359- 5 1 0)[allt + derw] ; Dan 'r Allt (prox. ) 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Allt Dderw OS 1 904 Alltddu -(SN 349-5 1 4)[allt + du] ; Allt Ddu 1 787sur map fl._Ht Gwaun-y-beili -(SN 356-504)[allt + tn Gwaun-y-beili}; Gallt 'Vaun y Baily 1 787sur w.ap i\.Jit Hownant -(SN 323-52l)[allt + hn Ho\vnant] ; [ait'ownant I. Reynolds] Gallt y Rhownant 1 787sur map, Hoffnant Hill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Allt Ho:ffnant OS 1 891 Bancpoeth -(SN 333-503)[banc + poeth]; Bank Poeth 1 787sur map Caer Pwntan -(SN 291 -493) [caer + tn. Pwntan (8-a)] ; [kware'puntan E. Jones] Castell y Cnvys 1 693 in c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 1 0 1 , Crug Bugailidd 1 787sur map, Penpwntan Quarry OOS 1 8 1 l , Castell P\vntan 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 76, Pwntan Quarry, Gaer OS 1 89 1 , Gaer 0 Sc. 1 95 0, o Gwarel P\vntan, o Fane y Pwntan 1 954 W. Jones p. l 5, Gaer Pwntan OS 1 982 Carreg-y-ddafad -(SN 275- 5 1 5)[carreg + y + dafad] ; [krajg�'l5avad �A. Mathias] Carreg y Ddafad 1 891 TS 02/01 /9 1 , Careg y Ddafad OS 1 904, Carregyddafad 0Sc. l 950 144

(8) IS-COED " This rock was, at one time joined to the mainland by a narrow ridge, over which the sheep used to walk the rock. " ( 1 89 1 TS 02/0l/91 ] ; a mine blew this rock up [ inf. M. Mathias] . Carreg Dol-y-fr.in -(SN 3 07- 54 l )[carreg + tn. Dol-y-fran] ; [kareg�'vra:n A Jones] Careg Dol-y-fran OS 1 834, [ ] ol-y-fran OS1 89 1 , Careg Dol-y-fran O S 1 904 Carreg-y-Huniau -(SN 289-5 1 3)[carreg + y + lluniaut (c) Pare Carreg y Lluniau 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 79, Inscribed Stone O S 1 982 "A tall standing stone, possibly a prehistoric monument . . . " ( 1 994 w. Gw. TI1omas: 4 1 4 ] ; the late fifth-century inscription reads Corbalengi lacit Ordovs [ 1 994 w. Gw. Thomas: 414] ; cf the sixth-century Voteporix stone is supposed to have formerly stood in a field named Pare Cerrig y Lluniau (SN 14-1 8, Casdyran, Pembs.) [H. James in 1 992 N. Edwards & A Lane: 94] ; cf (c) Carreg-llun-pen-dyn (Llanegryn & Llan:fihangel-y-Pennant, Mers.) [ 1 948 W. Davies: 2 1 8] ; see J. D. Walrond 'The 'Corbalengi' stone' in 1 960 CER vo1.4 pp. 60-66 & 1 994 J. L. Davies pp. 3 14-1 5 . Carregmorwynion -(SN 302-537)[ carreg + y + morynion] ; [karegm�r'onj;m J . Lewis, A Jones] Carreg Morynion 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 80, Carreg Morwynion 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vo1.2 p. 302, Graig Forwynion 1 924-26 CSRLS 57, Carreg y Morwynion c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p. 1 7 A long flat rock near Traeth-bach (8-b), on w end [c. l 925 APLlangrannog: 1 7] . It was named because usome girls, about a century back, going to bathe from it on a Sunday, and being drowned. " [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 80 ] ; these were 2 maids from Moifa-ucha (8-a) who drowned whilst sleeping on the rock [c. 1 925 APLlangrannog: 17]; monvnion y Moifeydd [inf. J. Lewis] . Because of the location ofthis rock it is a feasibility that monvynion here refers to 'mermaids' (W. moifonvyn). Carreg-y-nedwydd -(SN 298-534)[carreg + y + nodwydd] ; Carreg-y-nydwedd OS 1 834, Careg y Nydwydd OS 1 89 1 , Careg y Nedwydd OS 1 904, Carregynedwydd 0Sc. l 950 Carregsamson -(SN c. 303-521 )[carreg + pn. Samson]; [kareg'sams:ln, gr:ljnm (path name) J. Lewis] Groenyn 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn This was traditionally explained as having been a pebble extracted from the clog of a giant [191 1 J. c. Davies: 329] ; carreg fawr yn yr afon oedd yn poeni esgid Samson [inf J. Lewis]; a severed rock on the path between Penmoifa (8-a) and Llanborth (8-a) [:inf. G. w. Jones]; according to another local informant the stone stood on "top of the hill" , and J. C. Grooms [ 1 993 : 225 ] situates it at SN 3 06-521 which is near Llechrochain (8-a) which is likely to refer to the same stone as Carregsamson. The term graeenyn 'grain of sand, gravel' for a large boulder or stone is attested in at least six other instances in Welsh toponymy [ 1 993 J. C. Grooms: 96-98] . Carreg-y-trothwy -(SN 279-51 7)[carreg + y + trothwy]; Careg y Ddafad (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Careg y Trothwy O S 1 904, Carreg y Trothwy O S 1 982 Carreg-y- tY -(SN 290-537) [carreg + y + ty] ; [kareg�'ti: J. Lewis] Carregyty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Careg-y-ty O S 1 834, Carreg Ty I 85 lmap J.Imray, Careg y Ty OS 1 89 1 , Carreg-y-ty 0Sc. 1 95 0 CasteU · (SN 341-506)[castell]; (c) Park wrth gefen y gefu y Gaer (prox.) 1 787sur map, Castell OS 1 834, Castell (Intrenchment) O S 1 891 , Settlement O S 1 982 Castell-bach -(SN 301 -53 5)(castell (+ bach)]; Castell-bach OS 1 834, Castell-bach (site of) OS 1 89 1 Castellnadolig -(SN 298-503)[castell + pn. Nadolig]; Castell Nadolig 1 693 in c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 1 0 1 , Old Encampment 1 787sur map, Castel yn Doig 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.9, Castell Nawdolig 1 860 AC p.59, Castell Nadolig (Encampment) OSI 891 "... British encampment. . . the embankments of which are broken up in several places and the area intersected by turf enclosures. The turnpike passes over its southern side. Another, but smaller encampment occurs close to the road whence is a view of the sea. " [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 9] ; nadawl = 'tending to obstruct' [ 1 860 AC: 59 ] ; cf Castellnadolig (8-a). Castellpridd -(SN 295-496)[castell + pridd] ; Castell-pridd 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.209 'tumulus', Castell Pridd (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , Castell Pridd 0Sc. l 95 0 A tumulus rather than a fort, n o trace left [ 1 991 A.ab Alun: 30); cf Castellpridd (8-a). Cefn Rhiwlwyd -(SN c. 33 8-476)[cefu + tn. Rhiwlwyd] ; 1 45

(8) IS-COED Cefn Rhuslwyd, Cefen Rhiw Lwyd, Park Pen Rhiw Lv.";d 1 787sur map, R..�iwlw•;d ? 1 8 1 8PR Betwsifan, R.hywlwyd ? 1 81 9PR Betwsifan Crug-bach -(SN 375-499)[crug + bach]; [kri:g'va:x 0. Rees, peiJkri·g ' ba:x M. Thomas] Crug-bach OS 1 834, Crybach 1 84 1 TMS Llandysulio Gogo, Crug bach (tumulus) OS1 89 1 , a Phen-crug­ bach 1 93 8 WFM �AS 1 650/l l p. 6 Half in Llandysulio Gogo; people went to gather llusau 'blueberries' here [inf M. Thomas]. Crugcou -(SN 307-505) [crug + cau]; Tythyn y Krug Koy 1 571172 Nouadd MSS, Cn1g Coy 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.209, Crug Coe OS 1 834, Crug Coe (Tumulus) OS 1 891 c,,rmlladron �(SN 294-522)[cwm + y + lladron] ; [kum'iadr;,n J. Lewis] Tir Rees Dd Thomas ar ben Pwll y Lladron (prox. ?) 1 65 1 sur, yn Gwm Lladron 1 983 Gambo n. 3 The wreck of the brig Caroline in 1 802, at adjacent Traethsaith (8-b), was attributed to fraud on the part of the master, and persons in Aberteifi [1966 CER: 5.275]. Smuggling of brandy was carried out at Aberceibwr (81-b) c. l 83 0 [ 1 864 H J. Vincent: 3 0 1 ]. Ffrwdmari -(SN 279-516)[ffrwd + f.pn. Mari]; [fru:d'mari �1. �1athias] Waterfall OS1 904, Cwt-y-gasegwen inf Named after a certain f. pn. lvfari r Gwalia (Tresaith) [inf. M. Mat.lrias ] . Gaerlwyd -(SN 301 -524)[y + caer + llwyd]; [peugar'lujd �.1. J\1atl>.ias] Pen-gaer-lwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 53, Gaer Lwyd OS 1 982 Penrallt-fawr -(SN 283-5 1 6)[pen + yr + allt + w.a\vr]; [penraH'vowr M. MAthias] iP£ Pencros =(SN 3 29-497)[pen + y + eros]; (peu'kr;,s M Thorr,as] Y Groes ne,vydh ? 1 65 lrent, (c) Pen-croes-ne,vydd c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 8 The meaning o f eros is crossroads. The 1 651 form was situated in Gwestfa Blaenceri (e); cf Cros-:fach (4a), Cros-lan (1 3-a), Crosgwyn (22-a). Penfoelddu (SN 348-5 1 2)[pen + y + moel + du] ; [hro·s,lau'keri M Thmnas] Pen y Foel Du, Pant y Foel (prox. ), Park Pant y Foel (SN 343-5 1 7), Mynidd Blaenkerry (pt.) 1 787sur w.ap, Penfoelddu 008 1 8 1 1 , dros Ros Glanceri 1 906 J.J.Morgan p. l 3 1 , Penfoel-ddu 1 924-26 CSRLS 47 Penlonmoch -(SN 3 1 6-S IO)[pen + lon + y + moch] ; [i,benlon'mo:x; J. Lewis, skwa:r,pelo·n'mo:x H. M Parry] Pen lon-moch 081 89 1 When they drove pigs, they would meet here [inf J . Lewis ] . Penrhip -(SN 309-542)[pen + y + rhip] ; �lrip Poi...11t OS 1 89 1 , Pen �lrip OS 1 904 Pontrodri -(SN 3 1 5-467)[pont + pn. Rhodri]; Pont l\1elin Eynon ?? 1 65 l rent, Pont Roderic 1 803map J. Singer Pontrodri was named when the large stone that formed Bedd Rhodri Gmvr was removed from Cilfachrodri c. l 780 to make a bridge over the river Dulais. The stone was later removed to form gate­ posts at the new mansion of GlanmedeP.i [ 1 860 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.364]; this is the great monolith wl>.ich in 1 903 was near Penbanc (7-a), which was removed with 'Druidical' stones at the end of the eighteenth century according to tradition [ 1 972 CER: 7. 43 ] ; "Och! ynfyd gwaith, Och! bechod mavn. I Oedd chwalu beddrod Rhodri Gawr. " [1860 B. Williams i..-·1 1 967 CER: 5.364] ; cf. Cilfachrodri (8-a). Pulputdafis -(SN 323-52 l )[pulput + sn. Dafis]; [prlprt'daviS J. G. Jenkins] .

'

" f mr.

A rock on the skyline of Alit Hownant (8·b). The form pulprt is also found in Cardigansh.ire \Velsh [(Llanafan) inf E. M. Lewis] . Sidandu -(SN 339-490)[sidan + du]; [Cc) parkfidan'di: M Thow.as] Sidan Dv 1 65 lrent, (c) Park Sidan Du 1 787sur map, (c) Cae Sl>.idandv'/ 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 4, (c) Pare Sidan Du 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, (c) Pare Sida-du 1 926 \VFM MS 1 650/1 6 The legendary Kaer Sidi in 'Preiddau A1mvvfn' (which would give MnW. Caersiddi), was borrowed from 01 side and was never widespread in Welsh tradition (1982 P. Sims-Williar-n s: 243-48]. Sion Cati -(SN 374-499)[pn. Sion Cati]; [fo:n'kati I. A Griffiths] Bane Crug bach 1 978 .l\.1. Jones p.42 A rough piece of land (pisyn ganv o dir), of three to four acres where an old bus that serves as home is often stationed [ inf I. A Griffiths ]. 146

(8) IS-COED Traeth-bach -(SN 300-53 5)[traeth + bach]; [tra:S'ba:x L. Jenkins, J. Levvris, ar,dra:S'ba:x J. Lew'. s] Traeth-bach OS 1 834, Traeth bach OS 1 89 1 , Traith bach 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Tra'th bach c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p. 1 6 Traeth Gaerhvyd -(SN 295-529)[traeth + t11. Gaerlwyd (8-b)]; [tra:S'garlujd J. Lew1.s, J. G. Jenkir...s] Tra'th Garlwyd 1 89 1 TS 02/01 /9 1 , E Trath-llwid (disg.) >1 953 in 1 992 C. Jones & D. Thorne p.47, Traeth Garlwyd 1 973 M.Davies p. 72, Traeth Gaerlwyd 1 983 Gambo n.3 Traeth Penbryn -(SN 292-525)[traeth + tn. Penbryn (8-a)] ; [tra:8'pembrm J. Lewis] Traeth Penbryn OS 1 834, Penbryn Sands 1 85 l map J.Imray, Penbryn Beach 1 983 CER vol. 9 p.349 Traethsaith -(SN 277- 5 1 6) [traeth + hn. Saith] ; Traetb.saith Beach 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 20/01/1 0, Traeth Saeth OS 1 89 1 , Traeth Saith O S 1904 The explanation of Traethsaith by T. Evans (1 740: 3 9] by an Irish word meani.11g 'shallow' is unlikely to be correct, more especially so as I P..ave not found the Irish word he alludes to ("P'.vy a ddeallai ystyr Traeth Saith, yn Sir Aberteifi, oni ddeall \Vyddelaeg hefyd? Canys ystyr y gair yw traeth bas. "). S. R J\.1eyrick [1808: 209] noted that \V. Owen r.ad conjectured it tr..ight r.ave derived from Traeth Seithennin. The name Traethsaith also inspired a local legend about seven daughters of a king whose ships were wrecked on the beach here, and were betrothed to seven local farmers [ 1 9 1 1 J. C. Davies: 327; 1 979 Llais Aeron: 25].

147

(9) IS-COED TROEDROlJR-UCif__A Aberbarre -(SN 343-490)[aber + hn. Barre] ; [b�r'bare 11. Thow.as] Aberbarre 1 787sur map, Aberbarre 1 799PR Troedrour, Aberbany OOS 1 81 1 , Aberbarre 1 837TMS, Aber-barre OS 1 89 1 , (c) i\ber-barre Bridge (SN 3 46-491 ) O S 1 904, (c) Pont Aberbarre 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.342 Bridge b. l 898 [ 1 978 CER: 8.342] . Blaenafon -(SN 3 7 1 -48 1 )[blaen + afon]; [bla:n'av�n M. Thomas] Nant y Kithell 1 65 l rent, Nantkithel 1 760CF, Nant y Cithel 1 768 l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 8 1 , Nantkithel 1 709PR Troedrour, Nantycithel als. Blaennantycithel als. Tyddyn y Beilybach als. Ti..ry Beily bach 1 772 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/272, Nantycithelfiich (prox. ) 1 794PR Troedrour, Blaenyafon OOS 1 8l l , Glonowon 1 8 1 7 Nantg\:vyllt MSS 2/274, BlaeP.avon 1 8 1 8PR Troedrour, Glanavon 1 822 Nantg\:vyllt MSS 2/276, Beily ? 1 829PR Troedrour, B!anavon 1 829 Nantgwyllt M�S 2/275, Blaenafon OS 1 834, Tythynbalibach als. Glanavon als. Blanafon 1 841 Nantgv."jllt MSS 2/28 1-82, Blaenafon OS 1 891 , (P'-'.11.) Afon Cythel 1 924-26 CSRLS 66 The identification of Nantcithel with Blaenafon is made in the document of 1 84 1 , v,�here Beili�bach als. Blaenafon is said to be 'now called Blaenafon, Bwlch, Ffosbeili, and Pentre'; the identification with Blaenofon is strengthened by t.he alias Blaennantycithel of 1 772. The name Blaenofon may refer to hn. Collen, but Nantcithel seems to suggest the possibility that Nantcithel als. Beili-bach may have been in the watershed of the river Cerdin, where Ffosbeili (9-a) lies. The -bach may be in opposition to Bei!i (1 4-a) about 2. 5km down the Cerdin valley (though another Beili-bach lies near Bei!i). The term cithel is obscure, but cf OC. kethel 'k..�ife' (OCV 8 1 9, 872). B!aenwaun -(SN 3 59-482)[blaen + y + gwaun]; [bla'wejn Rh. Thomas, bla·n'wejn I. T. Evans] Blaenywaun OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaemvaun c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 Breibwll -(SN 346-488) [blaidd + pwll] ; [bribui M Thomas, bri'bui (id.) 0. Rees] Bribwll OOS 1 81 1 , Brybwll 1 829PR Troedrour, Bribwll 1 837TM...S , Bribwll OS 1 89 1 , Bribwll 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6 The old Bribwl! stood below the road [c. l 925 WFM r--.1s 1 650/18]. i\..s there are no forms older tha.11 l 8l l it i s difficult t o ascertai..11 what the initial element meant, though it i s tempting (like B. \Villiams [ 1 868: 1 40]) to derive it from pridd 'clay', for which cf Priddbwll (SJ 1 �26, Llansilin, Denbs.), pribol [i...'1f L. Davies], (c) Y Priddbwll (Bcrricw, Monts.) [ 1 59 1 Glanscvcm MSS: 5], and Avllpridd (55-a). However the problem with this explanation for Bribwll is that pridd in Priddbwll should not lenite. It is not beyond belief that Bribwll could represent a development from *Briwbwll, and could account for the similar sounding Brobwll (32-a). The adjective byrbwyll 'rash, impulsive, hasty' seen:1s a less li.�ely explanation, though one can compare (c) Pistyll Byrbwyll (Llanegryn, :Mers.) [ 1 948 W. Davies: 227] . Furthermore there are other examples of the name Bribwll (SN 28-4 1 , Cena.rfu, Canns. ; SN 20-29 Llanf)ruach, Pembs.), Brebwll (OS 1 834], now renamed Garthenor [OS1 982] (SN 43-39, Llanfiliangcl-ar-arfr.., Ca.-ms.). The Bribrvll in Llanfyrnach is attested as Bleyth Pwll c. 1 600, Bleyddbwl/ 1 659, Blaiddbwll 1 741 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 75] , Nant y Blibwll (Cihnaenlhvyd, Ca..rms.) [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 69] . The place written Blaiddbwll (SH 60-29, Harlecf..., Mers.) is found \vritten Breibwl/ 1 836 [Z/QRIEN/5 : 47 in J\1CRO] . The assorted forms above and the urlocated Bleibul (prox. Blaencwmcedifor, 1 4-a) [>1 265(1 324) cart. Tal-llycl1au (b): 163] show a fairly regular development of Bleiddbwll -* Bleibwll -+ Blibwll -* Bribwll. I do not know what to w.ake of this unclear local explanation "Ystyr yr enw yn amser Josi Lasows hen drigianyo o'r lle oedd Baibvvll. " [ 1 926 \XlB-..1 MS 1 65011 8]; cf Bwlch-y-bleiddbwll als. Winllan (76-a). Broniwan -(SN 349-475)[bron + pn. Iwan]; [br:m'IWan 0. Rees] Bron Iwan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fron Ywen OS 1 834, Bronuan 1 837TMS, Bron-iwan OS 1 89 1 S. M. Powell's connection [ 1 93 1 : 1 4] with Saint John (W. !fan, !wan) i s correct, and it was n o doubt connected with Capel Twrgwyn (9-a) als. Capelifan. B ryn arei -(SN 3 58-479)[bryn + arellaraul ?]; [brm'a·rel l'-.1. Thomas] Brynaraul OS 1 904, Brynarel OS 1 982 Brynaur -(SN 372-478)[bryn + aur] ; BryP.aur OS 1 982 Bryn-bychan -(SN 3 65-482)[bryn + tn. [Cv.'Ill- ]bychan (9-a)] ; [brm'b�zan I. A. Griffiths, M Thomas] Bryn-bychan O S 1 904

148

(9) IS-COED The house was built as a farm when Cwm-bychan (9-a) was split in two (inf Rh. Thomas], b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS 1 891 ; OS1 904) . Brynceirios -(SN 3 50-477)[bryn + ceirios] ; [brm'kejrj�s M. Thomas] Brynceirios OS 1 904 Bryneirion -(SN 3 58-484)[bryn + ? ]; [brm'ejrj;:m I. A Griffiths, M Thomas] Bryneirion OS 1 982 b. 1 920s [inf. Rh. Thomas] . Bwlch-yr-elmen -(8N 373-479)(bwlch + yr + elmen] ; [bulxa'relmen I. A Griffiths] Bwlchyrelmel OS 1 982 Bwlch-mawr -(SN 373-477)[bwlch (+ mawr)] ; [bulx'mowr I. A Griffiths] Bwlch 1 837TMS, Bwlch 1 84 1 Nantgwyllt MS8 2/281-82, Bwlch bach (prox. ) 1 978 M Jones p.22 Bwlch-yr-onnen -(8N 3 73-48 1 )[bwlch + yr + onnen] ; [bulxa'r::men I. A Griffiths] Bwlch-yr-onen OS1 891 Capel Twrgwyn -(8N 3 5 1 -476)[capel + tn. Twrgwyn (9-a)] ; [kapel,tur'gwm I. T. Evans] Capell levan 1 594 Nouadd MS S, Tir y Capell 1 650rent, Tyr Evan y Capel Evan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Capel Evan, 'situate on a tenement called' Twrgwyn 1 752 MRichardson MS 1 79, Capel Twrgwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Capel Twrgwyne 1 808 8.RMeyrick p. 1 86, Capel Tyrgwynne 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 86, Capeltwrgwyn OOS I 8 1 1 , Capel TWt- Gwyn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Capel TWt- Gwyn, Capel Twr Gwynn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur, Capel-Twrgwyn OS 1 834, T\Vr Gw)rn 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vo1. 2 p.4 1 2, Capel Twr-gwyn (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 891 , Twrgwyn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, i Dy Capel Twrgwyn 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 25 This site was originally a chapel of the Established Church: "St. Johns Hold [qu. fold?] near a chapel called Capell levan" [ 1 594 Nouadd MSS]; anciently a sanctuary in the Church [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.90] . According to an old legend, the part surrounding Twrgwyn was once a distinct parish only afterwards joined to Troedrour [ 1 902 WGaz. : 244], note the statement - otherwise unsubstantiated - of S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 1 86] that it, along with Capelgwnda (10-a), were chapels of ease to Llanddewi Brefi ("a chapel to the perpetual curacy of Llan Ddewi Brefi" [1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel TW! Gwyn], a chapel of ease [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270]). Doubts have been expressed in respect of the location of the old Capelifan since the original chapel was said to be on Twrgwyn land (9-a), whereas the present chapel is on Broniwan land (9-a) ( 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 66] ; "Gelwir y lie yr adeiladwyd y capel arno 'Y Garnedd', yr hon oedd ar dir ffermdy Twrgwyn yn ol y berchenogaeth gynt, er mai ar dir Bron Iwan y mae yng nghof y rhai sydd yn awr yn fyw . . . Dywed traddodiad fod mynwent ar y Garnedd yn yr hen amser, a chapel Esgobaw� ond gellir profi na fu mynwent erioed lie mae y fynwent breseno� gan mai creigle o geryg nadd ydyw heb ei chyffwrdd erioed. Chware teg i draddodiad, gall fod hen fynwent ac eglwys bron yn ymyl y capel a'r fynwent sydd yn awr, er nad ydynt yn hollol ar yr un safle. Ond nid ydym i gredu oblegid y gair Carnedd fod yna chwalfa wedi bod, gan fod y gair yn cael ei arfer yn fynych am fane creigiog. " [ 1 904 J. Evans: 280--8 1 ] ; see Twrgwyn (9-a), The new chapel was b. 1 749-50 as a meeting house [c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 938 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 64; 1 983 D. Jenkins: 13]; ren. and enl. 1 778 [ 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 66; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 64]; reb. l 8 1 6 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall�Turner: 277; 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 64; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 64]; enl. 1 846 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tmner: 277; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 164] ; That chappel or newly erected building called Capel Evan with land . . . is demised for ninety-nine years, is situate on a tenement called Twrgwyn [ 1 752 M. Richardson MS 1 79] ; "It is supposed that a Methodist's chapel is built on the site of Capel TWt- Gwynn, retaining still the name. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur]; denom. CM. Clawddmelyn -(8N 378-489)[clawdd + melyn] ; [klaw'melm I. A Griffiths] Tythyn y Klawdd Melyn 1 584 Nouadd MS S, Klawdh Melyn 1 65 1 rent, Clawdd Melyn 1 7 1 3 M Richardson M S 1 7 1 3, Clawddmelyn 1 793PR Troedrour, Pant Melyn 1 796PR Llandysu� Clawddmelyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantmelyn als. Clawmelyn 1 822 M.Richardson MS 208, Pantmelin 1 829PR Capel Cynon, Pant-melyn OS 1 834, Clawdd Melin 1 837TMS, Clawdd-melyn 081 891 Clun Is-coed -(8N 3 77-480)[ clun + tn. Is-coed (e)] ; [glm'Isk:Jjd 0. Rees, glmiS'k:Jed I. A Griffiths, ghs'k:Jed I. A. Griffiths, gbs'k:J·jd Rh. Thomas, gbs'ko:d Rh. Thomas] Klyn lskoed 1 65 1 rent, Clun Iscoed 1 760CF, Glyn Isgoed 1 803map J. Singer, Clyniscoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clin Iscoed 1 824PR Llandysu� Glyniscoed 1 837TMS, Clyn-is-goed 08 1 89 1 , Clyn-is-goed 08 1 904, Glys'goed 1 978 M Jones p. 93, Glynisgoed 081 982

149

(9) IS-COED Here is an interesting name t"b.at com.'llemorates the boundary of Is-coed (e) with Gwynionydd (e), an exact equivalent can be found in Clun Cemais (SN 07-25, New Moat) which was on the boundmy of Cemais and Doug/eddy [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 42 9] . The sense of 'hill-spur' given to clun by B. G. Charles fits this place well, as it does Clun Cemais. Cribyn -(SN 350-473)[cribyn] ; Cribin Clottas, (c) \1/aun y Cribin (prox.) 1 787sur ll'.ap, Cribin 1 789PR Troedrour, Cribbin Clottas House 1 837Th1S, (fpn. ) }v'Iartha'r Cribin c. 1 900 \Vfl.1 MS 1 5 20/ 1 , Cribyn, (c) Fron Cribyn 1 926 \VR..1 I\.1S 1 650/1 6 Tbis does not seem to have been na.rned after Cribyn (25-a), for it is attested a few years earlier than the foundhflg of the Unitarian chapel at the former place, which \vould - conceivably - be the only reason to na..'lle it after such a 'distant' place; for a discussion of its meaning, see sub Cribyn (25-a). Cwmbarre-isa -(SN 3 5 1 -490)[c'>'tm + r..n. Barre (+ isaf)] ; [kom,bare'esek }Y1. Thomas, kom , bar:e ' iJa I. T. Evans] Cv.mbarre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.rmbarre ishaf 1 837TMS, Cwm-barre-isaf OS 1 89 1 , C\x,mbarre Cottage OS 1 982 See Cwmbarre (8-a). Clvmbarre-ucha �(SN 3 55=489)[cwm + hn. Barre (+ uchaf)] ; [kmn,biir:e'Ix;a I. T. Evans, tujn'gla:s I\.1. Tholl'.as] C\vmbarre uchaf 1 837TMS, C\vm-barre-uchaf 08 1 89 1 , Cv.;mbarre-uchaf c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 5 20/1 , C\\lffibarre ucb.a' 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6, Twynglas OS 1 982 Cwm-bychan -(SN 360-477)[c\\m + bychan] ; [kum'bi}x,an 1\1. Thomas, kumi�'ba:x (coli.?) I. it. Griffiths] Cwm bychan 1 71 4PR Troedrour, Cvvmbuchan 1 769PR Troedrour, Cv.mbuchan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.mbychan, Cwmbwch 1 837TMS, Cwm-bychan OS 1 891 , (pn. ) Bewi'r Cwm c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 Cwm-bychan c-omprised ti'mali, ti'newi and he·n,gom'b�x,an [inf R..h. Thomas] . Delfan -(SN 373-480)[del + man] ; Delfan OS 1 982 Ffatri Land ring -(SN 353-47 1 )[ffatri + tn. Landring (9-a)] ; Tucki.11g Mill OS 1 904, (c) Pare Felin Ban ? 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Landri.flg 1 953 'VFM MS 1 65 0/12 p.3 0 b.bet. l 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS1904] . Ffosbeili -(SN 374- 478) [ ffos + tn. Beili[-bach] ]; [fo: s�'bejli 0. Rees, I. A. Griffiths, f:ls�'bejli I. T. Evans] Rhosybeyly 1 829PR Troedrour, Ffos-y-beili OS! 834, Ffos Bailey 1 837110.-8, Foesybailey 1 841 Nantg\X.yllt MSS 2/28 1-82, Ffos-y-beili OS 1 891 For Beili-bach see sub Blaenafon (9-a). Ffoslas -(SN 3 80-493)[ffos + glas]; [ f:l s ' la:s E. Williams, fo:s'la:s I. A. . Griffiths] Ffos-las OS 1 89 1 Ffynnongwragedd -(SN 362-488)[ffynnon + y + gwragedd] ; [fm:)n'wraget) I. T . Evans, fm:)n'gwraget) 0 . Rees] FfjiUlOn=y=g\vragedd 1 787sur map, Frynnon-gwragedd 0 8 1 83 4 , Ffynongwragedd 1 924-26 CSRLS 29, Ffynon Gwragedd 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6 No remains [c. 1 900 WFJ\1 M S 1 520/1] ; many women came t o fetch water [ 1926 WFM M S 1 650/16]. Garregwen -(SN 3 73-476)[y + carreg + gwen] ; [gareg 'wen I. A. Griffiths] PO O S 1 982 Gerlan -(SN 346-490)[ger + glan] ; [gerlan M. Thomas] Gerlan OS 1 982 b. > 1 939 [inf :rvr. Thomas]; the \Vord ger 'by' is only found in composed P.ames of recent origin. However, this is not the case with Gerlan in Caemarfonshire, where there existed at least one :field-name Y Gerlan [1 928 W. J. Gnlfzydd: 250], and the village named Gerlan (SH 63-66, Bethesdn, Caerns.). Gilffet -(SN 374-484)[y + cilffet] ; [g dfet, i·r'gilfet I. A Griffiths] Gillfat OS 1 89 1 , C�Jphet 1 924-26 CSRLS 14, Y GilLtfet, 'or fhl!y' Gillfet Ffwt 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 , Gilffet 1 93 8 W'Th1 J\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 1 3 6, Gilffet > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 89, Giltfet 1 978 J\1. Jones p. 22 Three houses [ 1 938 \\'FM MS 1650/1 1 : 1 36], for an explar.ation of cilffet, see sub Llaincornicyll als. Llaingilffet (17-a). G!anaber -(SN 343-490)[glan + aber]; Glan-aber OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (0Sl891 ; 081904]. 150

(9) IS-COED Glancollen -(SN 347�474) [glan + hn. Collen] ; [glan'k=>kn 1-1. H. Davies] in£ Glanrhyd -(SN 3 8 1 -494) [ glan + y + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d I. A.. Griffiths ] Glanrhyd OS 1 982 Gwarllwyn -(SN 3 5 1 -485)[gwar + y + llwyn]; [gwar'iujn M. Thow..as, M H. Davies, gw�r'iojn 0. Rees, g �r'lujn M Thomas] Gwarr y Lloyn 1 650rent, Gwar Llwyn 1 65 l rent, Gwarllwyn 1 7 1 3PR Troedrour, Gwar-y-11\\'Yll 1 787sur map, Gwaerlhvyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , \Varllwyn 1 824PR Troedrour, Gwair y Llwyn 1 837Th1S, Gwar-llvv"jll OS 1 89 1 , Gwarllv.;yn-fach (prox.) c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1, Garll'N)'ll fach (prox.) c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8, Gwarlhvyn fach (prox. ) 1 926 WFM MS 1 65 0/1 6 Gwarllwyn-fach on Gwarllwyn farmyard [c . l 92 5 WFM MS 1 650/18] . Gwemddafydd -(SN 3 55-4 73) [ g\vern + pn. Dar;dd]; [gwar'3avifi �A. Thomas, gwern'davi (id.) 0. Rees, gwern'daVI� 0. Rees, I. i1... GriffiL�s] G\x1er Ddafydd 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Wem Ddafydd 1 83 3PR Troedrour, Gwemdda..fydd 1 837TMS, Gwem-da:P;dd OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Rolant Wernddafi 1 908 CyiP.ru vo1. 34 p. 1 80, (pn. ) Elis Gwer Dafy' 1 924 \VGaz. 1 7/04/24 Gwemydd -(SN 3 57-477) [gwemydd] ; [gwerm� M. Thomas] Gwernydd OS 1 982 Gwynlas -(SN 3 56-478)[tn. (T\'.lf]g\vyn (9-a) + tn. [Lan]las (9-a)] ; [gwm!as I. A. Griffiths] Gwyt'Jas OS 1 904, Ty Enoc a Shan 'in foundatim1s of Gv,rynlas c. 1 925 VlFM 1\1S 1 650/1 8 Existent [OS1 834]. Gwynnant -(SN 347-482) [g'vyn + nant] ; [gwmant 0. Rees, M. Thomas] Gwyr1nant O S 1 904, Siop Gv.'Ynant 1 963 D.Davies & \N.T.Hughes p.20 Gwyn. Villa -(SN 3 5 1 -477)[tn. [T•w]gv.;yn (9�a) + E. villa] ; [gwm'vda 1-1. Thomas] G'NYfl. Villa OS 1 89 1 Landring -(SN 3 52-472)[ ? J; [landrllJ 0. Rees, M. H . Davies, I . A . Griffiths] Langereng ? >1227( 1 308) cart. Slebech, Landring 1 788PR Troedrour, Landry 1 81 3PR LlangyrJlo, Landrin 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Lan Dryn 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Lan-dri...-._.g OS 1 89 1 Especially if the medieval form i s accepte-d tbis name presents itself a s problematic if it must be interpreted by Welsh words, for neither llan, glan, nant, /lain, or blaen can satisfactorily account for the forms assembled above. To Welsh ears it does sound li�e 'up + cliJTib', and wf.ile it is situated at the bottom of a hill, this type of name is wholly unique, with an irregular constrttction - to which only late rm.m.es, and not very corr.mendable ones at that, can be compared, e.g. Landre (15�a), Dringo-bryn (8-a) ­ just to confirm, if need be, tr.at it is an unlikely toponymical element: "dring (drinc); dring a glyvvir, nid am dyle serth ond am y gwaith llafums i'w ddringo; tipyn o ddring = 'a good clL.'Tib'." (Clydacl:1, Glams.) {1937 BBCS : 8.321 ] . On balance of probabilities it would seem to be an English P..ame of some sort, from which two !i..11.es of enqui..n:J can be opened: 1 ) the frrst element is lang 'long' land, lang [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 791 ] , followed by the drang 'lane, narrow passage' (attested in Pembrokes:P..ire [EED s.v. drang; 1 992 PN Pembs: 769]), wllich had a varia..1'J.t dring (Wiltshire, Cornwall) [EED s.v. dr..ng] ; 2) that it represents some derivative of E. launder 'a gutter or channel for conveying ·water, a water-spout' [EDD s.v. launder] , borrowed into Welsh as lander 'water trough (L."l rnining)' [GPC s.v. lander] (the term laundry was pronounced landry in s o me dialects of English (OED s.v. laund..ry]) . Lanlas-isa -(SN 353-477)[y + glan + glas (+ isaf) ] ; (lan,la:s'i·Ja 0. Rees, I. A. Griffiths, lan'la:s 1\A. Thornas] Lan-las-isaf OS 1 891 Lan!as-ucha -(SN 3 57-480)[y + glan + glas (+ uchaf)] ; [lan,la:s'iza 0. Rees, I. A Griffiths, M Thomas, lan'lase (coil. ) 0. Rees] LaPJas 1 789PR Troedrour, Llm"Jas 1 804PR Troedrour, Lanlas 1 837TMS, L!an-las-uchaf O S 1 891 , Lan­ las c. 1 900 \VFl\.1 l\1S 1 65 0/ 1 6, (pn.) Jack Lan1as, Lanlas als. Ty John P'wel 'as it \vas knovvn' c. l 925 \VFI\1 1.1S 1 650/1 8, Lanlas 1 926 \VFM l\1S 1 650/1 6 Th..ree houses [i11..f. M. Thomas ] . Llaingroes -(SN 358-480)[llain + y + croes] ; [lajn 'gr �js 0. Rees] Llain y Groes 1 787sur map, Llainygroes 1 824PR Troedrour, Llain y Groes 1 83 7Th1S, Llan-groes OS 1 89 1 , Llaingroes c. 1 900 VlH-1 1\AS 1 520!1 , Llain-groes OS 1 904

151

(9) IS-COED Liwyncerdinen =(SN 348=485)[llwyn + lm. Cerdinen]; [iujnkar'dinen I. T. Evans, iujnker'di·nen 0. Rees, lujnker'dinen + travle M. Thomas] (cs) Park Lhvyn Cerdynen, Park y \Veirglodd, cott. 1 787sur map, Lh\')'llcerdinen 1 788PR Troedrour, Llwyn-gerdinen OS 1 834, Llv.')n-cerdinen OS 1 89 1 T o have the singular form o f a tree name following lhtyn i s unusual (cf Llwyndenven (3�a), a recent house); the lack of le11ition makes one think of a river-name which local tradition say it was (see sub h..n. Cerdinen); Trqfle was a house adjoi.ning Llwyncerdinen, E of it (i.nf M. Thomas]; the present Llwyncerdinen and Trafle \vere b. in 1 930s by Deio Evans, 11P [inf. Rh. Thomas]; see sub hn. Cerdinen for an explanation of Trafle. Llwyniv.ran �(SN 347-474)[11\vyn + tn. [Bmn]iwan (9-a)] ; [mjn'nvan M H. Davies] i.ttf Llwynsgwier -(SN 3 65-477)[llwyn + y + sgw1er] ; [iujn skwejer 0. Rees, I.s] Parcyrodyn OS 1 904, Parc'rodyn 1 978 M. Jones p. l OO b. bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1 89 1 ; 0Sl904). Pencapel -(SN 3 56-477)[pen + y + cape!] ; [pen'kape! 0. Rees, pe1J'kapel J\1. Thomas] Pencapel l 8 1 7PR Troedrour, Pencappel l 825PR Troedrour, Peny Cappel l 828PR Troedrour, Pen-capel 08 1 89 1 , (f pn.) Martha Bencapel c. 1 925 \VFl\1 MS 1 650/1 8, Bencapel 1 926 \VFl\1 MS 1 650/1 6 Refers to old chapel of Twrgwyn

(9-a)? Pendre -(SN 372-477)[pen + y + tref] ; [pen'dre: I. A. Griffiths] Pentre 1 83 7Th1S, Pentro 1 84 1 Nantgv.'Yllt Y..AS S 2/2 8 1 - 82, Green Park, 'now' Pendre 1 978 Y..A. Jones p.43

Penffos -(SN 347�480)[tn. Pelh+fos als. Ty-tnawr (9-a)] ; [pen'fo:s 0. Rees, }.1. Jones, pentre,pen'fo:s l\1. Thomas] Pen-y-ffos O S 1 89 1 , Penfffi s c. 1 900 WFM J\If� 1 520/1 , Pen..-ffos c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p. 1 54

b. bet. 1 837-91 , Ty-mawr (9-a) was the original Penffos; three houses i.11 a terrace (stryt) [inf M. Thomas] ; pentre in the past [inf :tvL Jones] . Penfoel �(SN 363-487)[pen + y + moel] ; [pen'v�jl M. Thomas, Rh . Thorr.as, pen'v�,jl Rh. Thomas, I . T . Evans]

a

Pen-y-foel O S 1 89 1 , o Benfoel c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8, Pen-foel 1 978 M.Jones p.22 Refers to Pengamwen (9-b) a!s. J\.1oel Hwilgam. Pengaer -(SN 3 60-489)[ pen + y + caer] ; [pen'gajr 0. Rees, peg'gaer I. A". Griffiths] Pen y Gaer 1 65 l rent, Pen y Gar c. l 700 E .Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Pen y Gar 1 787PR Troedrour, Penygar 1 792PR Troedrour, Penycaer OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penygare 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 834, Pengar 1 83 6PR Troedrour, Pen y Gar 1 83 7TMS, Pen-y-gaer O S 1 89 1 , Pengar 1 926 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 6,

Penygar

1 93 8 WFM 1\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 1 3 8, Pengar 1 93 8 \VF1\1 1\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 5 Refers to Caerau (9-b). Pengogwydd �(SN 3 5 6-489)[pen + gogVv'Ydd] ; [(c) park,pen'g�goj� I. T. Evans] Park y Gog·t.Jvydd cott. , Pen-y-gog\vydd c.ott. 1 787sur tnap, Pen-gogwydd OS 1 834, Pengog\vydd 1 926 W'FM 1\1S 1 650/1 6 "Roedd y bv.rthyn cyntaf adeilad\vyd ar sail y tY h\vn a gog\\'Ydd yn ei ben fel dochdy eglv·fp,hrid'leWIS M H. Davies] 1 53

(9) IS-COED Siop Rhydlewis 1 905 E. Davies p. 1 5 5, Siop R..�ydlewis c. 1 925 'NFJ\1 J\1S 1 650/ 1 8, Bridge End Stores 1 963 D.Davies

i)

& W. T. Hughes fac. p.41 , Siop R�hyd Lewis 1 968 WFM M� 1 520/2 p. 1 , PO O S 1 982

SN 347-473. old shop [inf.] .

ii) S N 347-473.

Tanfoel -(SN 362-486)[tan + y + moel] ; [tan� v�jl 0. '

Rees,

tan v�jl I. '

T. Evar1s, I. A. Griffiths,

�A.

Thorrms]

Dan y Foel 1 787sur map, Tanyfoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tan=y-foel O S 1 834, Dan y Foel 1 83 7Tiv1S, Tan=y-foel OS 1 89 1 Refers to

Tanglwyst

Pengarnwen

(9-b) als.

A4oel Hwilgam. [tagglust 0.

-(SN 3 5 1 -480)[fpn. Tangwystl] ;

Rees, M.H. Davies,

J\1.

Thomas, 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies

p. 3 53 ] Eskair Tanghvyst 1 65 1 rent, Eskyr Tanglwst als. Esgyr Tanglws 1 760 Aberglasney M S 1 27, Tanglwst 1 760CF, Tanglwst 1 802PR Troedrour, Esgeir Tanglwst 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Tanglws 1 808PR Troedrour, Tanglws OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tanglws O S 1 834, Esger Tanglwst, Tanglwst 1 83 7TJ\1S, Tanglwst OS 1 89 1 , Esgair­ Tanglwst OS 1 904 This is the f pn.

Tangwystl,

cf OC.pn.

Tancwuestel, Tancwoystel

[wth_nthcent. Bodm.l'vfa:nu.] .

J"vf. Richards

[ l 965b: 3 9] stated: "Yr oedd yr enw Ti\NGWYSTT.._, ar arfer dros GylTh..-·u gyfan hyd at yr unfed ganrif ar

bymtheg, ond yn ystod y cyfuod

hwnnw collodd ei dir yn y Gogledd a dod yn arbetmig o gyffiedi.11 yn y

De, yn y ffurf TANGLW(Y)ST: " , however, the metathesis seen1s older, as I have an early attestation as

Tanglwysti!

esgair, Tanglwyst in speech even then; cf

from Caerwedros [ l 302-03rent: 5-6] . The lack of lePition of the persoP.al-name after

even in the earliest forms, lead us to thi..11...� that it was treated as simply

tn. Tanglwyst (SN 3 1 �34, Capeliv,ran., Canns.); Tanglwys (SJ 03-12, Llangadfa..'l, :t-.1cnts.). Tanglwyst-fach -(SN 3 5 0-484)[f.pn. Tangwystl (+ bach)] ; [taggklSt'va:x M. Thomas, tagglus'va:x I. T. Evans] Tanglwst fach 1 760 Aberglasney MS 1 27, Tanglwst-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Tanglvvst fach c. l 900 WFM M..S 1 520/1

Tremle -(SN 3 74-479)[trem + lle] ; Trernle OS 1 982 -(SN 3 50-479)[n'Vr + gW';n] ;

Twrgwyn

[tu·r'gwm M

Thomas,

tur'gwm M Jones]

T\vrgv-.l)'n 1 75 2 M Richardson MS 1 79, Twrgwyn 1 760map E.Bowen, Tv-.lfgwynn 1 760CF, o'r Tv-.lfgv.,l)rn 1 790 Rep.\VMSS vol. l p. 62, Twrgwin 1 80 1 PR Troedrour, T\'"Tgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tvn--gwyn OS 1 89 1 , T\Vr-gv."f11 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p . 5 8

pentre formerly (inf. M Jone-S] . It seems that the name may b e connected with the ancient cb.apel of Capelifan which \:vas on its land, the other Twrgwyn (41 -a) in the c.ounty, on Mynydd-bach at Nantgwnllau also b.ad some traditions of a former church in the vicinity. It must be remembered tb.at churches in the

A

:l\1iddle Ages were regularly whitevJashed and so were more obvious than in our own time. It could be that the element is

i..'l. fact nvr(r) 'heap', referring to a heap of quartzite stones, but the element tl1'r(r) is as

conspicuously absent in the toponymy of the county, as it is in its language for the meani..'lg 'heap', the

elements in use are: crugyn, earn,

Ty-llwyd

-(SN 379-49 1 ) [ty

caifan. + lhx.yd] ; [ ti iujd !. A. Griffiths] '

Ty Lh\l)'d 1 769PR Troedrour, Ty-llwyd O S 1 904, Ty Llwyd OS 1 982 Inexistent [OS1 891 ] .

Ty-mawr -(SN 346-480)[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mowr M Thomas] Penyffor 1 787PR Troedrour, Penyfffi s 1 789PR Troedrour,

Penyffo es 1 793PR Troedrour, Penyfoes

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penyffos 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Pen-y-fffis OS 1 834, Ty-IP.av-.T OS 1 89 1 , Tyw.av-.lf 1 963 D.Davies

& V.I. T .Hughes p . l 0 b. 1 774 [ 1 96 3 D. Davies & W.

Ty'rysgol

T. Hughes: 10]; see Penffos (9-a). -(SN 347-487)[ty + yr + ysgol] ; [ti:r'�sk�l 0. Rees]

Rose Cottage OS 1 89 1

Ysgo! Cape!cynon

-(SN 3 79-489)[ysgol + tn. Capelcynon

Capel Cynon Schoolbuildings 1 878

in

(1 8-a)] ;

1 978 M Jones p . 3 2, Capel Cynon School 1 88 5

in

1 978 l\..1. Jones

p. 3 3 , S chool OS 1 89 1 , Ysgol Clawddmelyn 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 , Ysgol Pant-y-g!ach 'after the name of an old cottage nearby; at other times it was

knml\1!1 as' Ysgol Claw' Melyn 'the P.aw.e of a nearby farm, but

today it is referred to as' Ysgol Capel Cynon 'and tP.at, it would seem, was the official name from the beginning: the name of the village and of the church' >1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 34, Capel Cynon C.P. 1 967 \\TLS , School OS 1 982

154

(9) IS-COED Ysgol Penlonfaitl =(SN 347=487) [ysgol + tn. Penlonfai..'1] ; [Isk:ll,iujnkar'dinen, Isk;:,l,penlon'vajn M. H. Davies, ISk;)l,pen,!o-n'vajn M Thomas] Ysgol Rhydlewis 1 93 8 WFM �1S 1 650/ 1 1 p. 1 3 8, Ysgol Penlon-fain 1 968 \VFJ\1 MS 1 520/2 p. 1 5, Rhydlewis C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Ysgol Penlon-fain 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p.39, i Benlon-fain 1 976 S . Gv.r.Davies p.24, County Prirnar:J School OS 1 982 b. 1 87 1 , on Gwarllwyn land (9-a) (1953 WFM M:s 1 650112: 79]; op. l 877 [1987 CER: 10.433] ; replaced Ysgo! Niwgat (1 3-a); Lon Fain 'a narrow road, prox. Pengaer' [ 1 93 8 WFM MS 165011 1 : 1 37-38], �.lo:n'vajn (inf. I. T. Evans] . geonyms

Caerau -(SN 360-494)[caerau] ; Pen y Gar c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, Caerau OS 1 834, Caerau OS 1 89 1 , (c) C\vm-caerau (prox.) c. 1 900 \VFM �AS 1 520/1 , Caerau, (c) Cwm Caerau (prox.) c. 1 925 \XJNA }.1S 1 650/ 1 8, Cwmceire 1 926 \VHA MS 1 650/ 1 6 Ffynnonwen -(SN 3 57-486) [ffynnon + gwen] ; FfYnnon Wen 1 787sur map, Ffynnonwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Spr O S 1 982 Pengamwen -(SN 373-493) [pen + y + earn + gwen]; Ros (anciently Moel) \Vylgain c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, Rhos y '.Vilgam OOS 1 8 1 1 , Garn-v.ren O S 1 834, Carn=wen O S 1 89 1 , ar Ros Clawdd=melyn c. 1 900 \Vf}.1 �1S 1 520/1 , Pen Garn=wen O S 1 904, ar Fane Clawdd Melyn 1 9 1 2 Cyrr1ru vol.43 p. 1 82, Pengarnwen 1 924-26 CSRLS 29, Bane Claw' Melyn >1 945 T.J.Thow.as p. l 9, FJ1os Pengaer (prox.) 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. l , Cai.rn OS 1 982 Pwll-y-gored -(SN 344-478)[pwll + y + cored]; [gored ( desc.) M. Thmr.as] Gwernekored (prox.) 1 542 Nouadd �ASS, Gwemykoreid 1 542 Nouadd MSS {v. l. 1 979 CER vol. 9 p. 3 79 } , ym Mhwll y Gored 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p. 1 5 The term c.ored referred to the weir that fed the leat to Melin Brithdir (8-a) [inf. M. Thomas]; I have also heard gored used in reference to Melinsaith (8-a) [inf M. �..fathias] ; c£ J.Jelincwm (9-a). The usual term for a weir for the use of a water-mill is argae or troifa, the term cored usually restricted to a weir for catching fish.

155

(1 0) IS..C OED TROEDROlJR-ISA

Aberharthen-fach

-(SN

3 23 -447) [aber + hn. Harthen (+ bach) ] ;

Tythyn Aberharthen 1 606 Nouadd �1S S, Aberbarthen 1 65 1 rent, Aberarthen 1 760CF, Aberharthen fach 1 769PR Troedrour, �A- berarthen fach 1 787sur map, �Aberharthen 1 800PR Troedrour, Aberathan ..

1 802

M.Richardson 1\1SS p.482, .A.berarthen fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-arthen OS 1 89 1 , Aberarthen vach c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall�Tumer p . l 60, Aberarthen fach 1 9 1 5-24 Beckingsale I\.1SS Though sharing the same name as Aberharthen-fawr (8-a), these

Abermarlais

-(SN

p. 1 22 places refer to different streams.

3 2 1 -453)[tn. Aberrrmrlais (Llansad-..vm, Carms.)] ;

Abermarles 1 760map E.Bowen

Blaencoed -(SN 340=454}[blaen + y + coed] ; Blaencoed 1 828PR Troedrour, Blaen-coed OS 1 89 1 Blaencrymnant -(SN 3 3 7-446)[blaen + h.11. Cryw.nant] ; Blaen Ktymnant 1 584 Nouadd MS 8, Blaencryw..ant 1 828PR Troedrour, Blaen-cryfnant O S 1 834, Blaen Cr;rr.rr..ant 1 83 7TM:S, Blaen-crymnant OS 1 89 1 , Blaencrymant O S 1 904 Blaengwen!bm Cross -(8N 333-441 )[tn. BlaengwenJlan (1 1 -a) + E. cross]; [ bla; g wenian 0. Rees, blajn ,gwenian'kr:>s, now g :>l'�va 0. Jones] '

Blaengwenllan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gv;enllan Tafarn O S 1 834, Blaengwen11an, Blaengwellan 1 83 7T�1S , Blaen-gwerJlan OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-gwenllan 08 1 904, Blaeng-..venllan Cross 0Sc. 1 950

Blaenharthen -(SN 325-443)[blaen + !m. HarthenL Blaen Harthen 1 597 Pengelli M ..SS, Blaen .

Harthen

1 65 lrent, Tir Blaen Harthen, Llain Blaen Harthen

1 700 Penge!li MSS , Tir Blan Harthen, Llain Blan Harthen 1 73 9 Pengelli MSS , Blaen A.rthen 1 787sur map, Blaenarthen O OS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenharthen 1 820PR Llandyfriog, Blaen-arthen OS 1 834, Blaen-arthen O S 1 89 1 , Llair..arthen O S 1 982

Blaenharthen Cottages -( SN 3 29-443)[tn. Blaen_harthen (1 0-a) + E. cottages] ; c.ott. 1 83 7TMS, Blaen-arthen Cottages OS 1 89 1 , Blaenarthen OS 1 982 Blaenllyn -(SN 3 3 7-448 ) [blaen + y + llyn]; Blaen-llyn OS 1 89 1

Blaenwaun -(SN 3 48*465}[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Blaen..hawen als. Blaen Cerig 1 837TMS, Blaen-waun O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-waun O S 1 982 See Blaenhawen (13-a). Brongaer -(SN 346-45 1 )[bron + y + caer] ; Bron-y-gaer 1 83 1 PR Lla.�g-;nllo, Bronygar 1 83 2PR LlangyrJlo, Frongar, Fron y Gar Fron y Gaer 1 83 9TMS Llangynllo, Fron�y�gaer OS 1 89 1 , Fron Gar 1 93 8 \Vflv1 l\1S S Refers to

BRONGEST

-(SN

Cr.Jg=y-balog (lO-b). 32 1 -45 2) [ bron + cest] ;

Brongest c. l 600 L.D\Vtln vol. l p.42,

1 83 7Tl\lf..S , (c450) 1 650/1 1 p. 1 8 1

(c) Parkau Brongest 1 787sur rnap, Brongest OOS 1 8 1 1 , Brongest

O S 1 834, Bron-gest OS 1 89 1 , Bronygest 1 904 J.Evans p. 272 Houses each side of the river pentref "

[ 1 837TIAS] ; "D)rwedir hef.;d mai rhyw Sais o'r enw Guest, roddodd yr enw i'r

[ 1 904 J. Evans: 272] .

Comprising: l ) Abermarlais, 2 ) Castle, 3 ) Penbont, 4 ) PortlLrhyd, 5) TY-c-OIIleL Brynhawen -(8N 3 38-448)[bryn + hn. Hawen] ; Bryn-hawen O S 1 89 1

Brynmanal =(SN 3 44 45 6) [ bryn + y + banadl] ; Bryn-manal 08 1 89 1 , Brynn1anal 1 923 Beckingsale MSS p. 1 1 2 Bwlchparselau -(SN 3 28 4 5 5 ) [ bwlch + y + parselau] ; Bwlch Parcele, (c) Park Prisele (SN 329-456) 1 787sur map, Bwlch -

-

1 78 9PR Troedrour, Bwlch Parsele

1 789PR Troedrour, Bwllch Parselle 1 792PR Troedrour, Bwlchyparcella OOS 1 8 1 1 , B\vlch O S 1 834, Bwlch-Troed-yr-Aur O S 1 89 1 , Bwlch-Troedyraur O S 1 904 The term parse! is likely to refer to simple 'parcels' or 'pieces of land' rather than to parse! in the special sense 'parochial subdivision'. Bwlch-y-wem -(SN 3 3 2 -468) [bwlch + y + g\vern] ; Bwlchgwernen ? 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, B\vlch-y-v1ern OS 1 89 1

Capelgwnda =(SN 3 23-468)[capel + pn.

Gwyndaf] ;

[rektari, 156

now karlnv'wi·v�rz �v1 Thomas]

( 1 0) IS-COED Capel-gv.nda c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, The Parsonage House 1 720 in 1 904 \VGaz. 21 /04/04, Gvmda Chappel-yard 1 720PR Troedrour, Cappel Gwnda 1 789PR Troedrour, Cappel G\wda 1 803w_ap J. Singer, Capel Gwnda 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 86, ym Mhersondy Troed yr Aur 1 869 B.Williams p.25, Rectory OS 1 89 1 , F��eithordy Troedyraur 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.23, Y F��eithordy 1 93 8 WFM MS 1650/1 1 p.23, Rec. 0Sc. 1 95 0, .t'vfill O S 1982, Capel \Vnda 1 994 P. 6 Riain p. 383 The ecclesiastical chapel of Capelgwnda formerly stood on the bar.u.� of the river Cer� \Vhere is now· the Rectory of Troed yr Aur [ 1 902 WGaz.: 244; 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270]. "Here was formerly an ancient chapel called Capel Twr Gw)rn_11 [sic] upon the site of which a neat parson-age-house h-as been built by the present re.ctor. " [ 1 833 s. Le'¥is s.v. Troedyraur] (note, however, that the rectory was in the same position in 1 720 "adjoini11g the parsonage-house a quarter acre of meado\v and other lands called G\vnda C!t.appel-yard. Bounded north and west with Ceri, and south and east with the lands of Cefnmaes" [1 720 in 1 904 WGaz. 21104104]; a chapel of ease [ 1903 G. E. Evans: 270]. Note the - othenv'�e ur�ubstantiated - statement of S. R. � 1eyrick ( 1 808: 1 86] that it was, along with Capel T1vrgv.yn (l l�a), a chapel of ease to Llanddewi Brefi (" There is a farw.house . . . but no vestige of a chapeL . . . a chapel to the Perpetual Curacy of Llan Ddewi Brefi . . . It was too distant to belong to Llan Ddewi Brefi, except as an appropriation to it as a Collegiate Church: but it is not found among the Churches so appropriated, and which are enumerated under Llan Ddewi Bre:fi. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel Gwnda]). (c) Pare Capel there, one of the cottages with its back to this field called Porth [ 1902 WGaz. : 244]; (cs) park'kapel + p:)re [inf. M. Thomas] ; see CapelgHmda (8-a). The feast·day of Gwyndaf was held on the sixth of November [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383]; A. VI. \Vade-Evans c.onnected Gwyndaf with an Irish sai..11t mentione-d in Uita Sancti Kebii [c. l l00(1200)] na..rned Crubthir Fintam, but as P. 6 Riain [1 994: 383] notes that in Irish sources " . . . the form of the name usually ends in -n. It may be therefore that the writer was influenced by the local form of the P.ame, i.e. Gv.'Yndaf, " more likely the OI. pn. Fintan was wholly unrelated to the name \X!. pn. G·wyndaj, for which one would l>..ave expected *Fintam in OI. sources; see Do/saint (lO�b); cf. Park y Person (SN 3 24=456) [l 787sur map]. Capel Hawen -(SN 346-468)[c.apel + tn. !l-awen (lO-a)] ; [kapel'howen M. Thomas] Tynewydd Troedyraur (i), Rhydhawen (ii) 1 875 R. A. Thomas p. 1 78, Capel Ha\ven (Indt.) 08 1 891 , Hawen, Troedyraur c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.279 i) b. 1747 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 493; c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall�Tumer: 2 79] ; b. l 769 [ 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 78; 1 938 \\'Fl\.1 ·Ms 1 650/1 1 : 69-74] . ii) b. 1 790 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 493 ; 1 875 R. A Thomas: 178; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu...rner: 279; 1 938 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 69-74] . graveyard added 1 804 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 65]. iii) b. l 8 1 1 [ 1 875 R. A . Thomas: 179; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 279; 1 938 WFM MS 1650/1 1 : 69-74] ; rest. 1 83 8 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 279; 1 987 B. I. Rawlins: 165]; b. c. 1 845 [1 875 R. }.._ Thomas: 1 79] ; rest. 1 878 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Hcrsfall­ Tu..rner: 279; 1 938 \1/FM MS 1 650/ 1 1 : 69�74] . Caste!lwem -(SN 320-438)[castell + y + gwern] ; Castellwern 1 787PR Troedrour, �AJlt-wern (sic) OS 1 834, Caste!l-wem OS 1 89 1 Castle -(8N 322-452)[E. castle] ; [kasJ ]\{ ThoiP..as] in£ Cefngwyn -(SN c. 326-466)[cefn + g\vyn]; 'seat' Ceven Gwin c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, (c) Cefen Gwyn 1 787sur w..ap Cefnmaes-bach -(8N (ii)326-459)[cefn + y + maes (+ bach)] ; [keven,majs'ba:z 0. Rees] Cefen y :Maes bach (i), (c) Pant Coch (ii) 1 787sur map, Cevenymaes bach 1 787PR Troedrour, Caven...'Tiais bach 1 8 1 5PR Troe.drour, Cefn y M-aes bach 1 837TMS, Ceferunas bach 1 83 8PR Troedrour, Cefn-y-maes­ bach OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-w.aes-bach OS 1 904, Ce&w.aes-bach 0Sc. l 950 i) SN 325-460. 1 834 ii) 8N 326-459. 1 837. Cefnmaes=mawr =(SN 3 24=463)[cefn + y + ma es (+ rnav\T)]; [keven,majs'mawr 0. Rees, kevenmas'mowr �Y1. Thomas, M. Jones] Kevenny M-ayse 1 65 1rent, Keven y 1\lf...aes 1 720PR Troedrour, Cefen y 1\lf..aes w.awr 1 787sur map, Ceven 1 787PR Troedrour, Cefenymaes 1 805PR Troedrour, Cefen y Maes 008 1 8 1 1 , Cefenmaes 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Cefu-y-maes 08 1 834, Cefn-y-IP..aes-IP..awr O S 1 89 1 , Cefumaes-IP..av.rr 081 904 Cilborth =(SN 346-468) [cil + porth] ; [kdb;.1re J\1. Jones] Cilborth 1 84 1 cens. , Gilborth (sign) The 1 841 form was placed in Llangynllo parish; cf Cilborth (17-b). ..

!57

( 1 0) IS-COED Clydfan -(SN 3 39-464)[clyd + man]; Clydfan OS 1 982

Colderbrooke Lodge -(SN 3 32-457)[E.tn Colderbrooke + lodge] ; Colderbrooke Lodge O S 1 904 b. bet. l 89 1 -1 904 (OS189 1 , OS1 904] . The name

Colderbrooke was evidently suggested by Alderbrook, the ( 1 0-a) , the adjoining mansion. But it seems to have been draw nearer to an English name such as Colebrook(e) [ 1 960 ODEPN: 1 1 6] .

nineteenth-century anglicisation of made to

Gwernan

Crug-y-balog -(SN 342-45 5)[ crug + y + ? ] ; Kryg y Balog 1 5 84 Nouadd MSS, Krig y Balig 1 65 l rent, Pencrugybalog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencryg-balog 1 8 1 7PR Troedrour, Crigybalog 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Pen-crug-y-balog O S I 834, Crug-y-balog OS 1 89 1 S ee

Crug-y-balog (10-b). Crymnant -(SN 3 29-449)[hn. Crymnant]; [kriiDant, kr�mant M. Thomas] Crimnant 1 65 1 rent, Cryfnant c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Crymmant 1 787sur map, Crummant 1 796PR Troedrour, Crimmant 1 79 8PR Troedrour, Crymant 1 80 1 PR Troedrour, Crumant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crynant 1 830PR Troedrour, Crymmant 1 837TMS, Crynant OS 1 89 1 , Crymant O S 1 904 Crymnant-fach -(SN 329-450)[hn. Crymnant (+ bach)] ; [kriiDant'va:z M. Thomas] Crymmant fach cott. 1 787sur map, Crymant fach 1 83 2PR Llandy1hog, Crynant fach OS 1 8 9 1 , Crymant­ :fiich O S 1 904

Cwmrhipyn -(SN 345-444)[cwm + y + rhipynt cott 1 787sur map, Cwmyrhypin, Cwm Rhipp[ ]n 1 792PR Troedrour, Cwm Rhippin 1 797PR Troedrour, Cwm yr-Hippin 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo

Dderwenlas -(SN 324-450)[y + derwen + glas ]; [�'(}erwen, (}erwen M. Thomas] Dderwen-las OS 1 982

Dolgian -(SN 3 1 9-445)[dol + pn. Cian] ; [do:l'gijan 0. Rees, d:>l'gian E. Thomas] Doll Gian 1 65 1 rent, Dolguan 1 692 Ty-llwyd MSS , Dolegian 1 720PR Troedrour, Dolegeyau 1 760CF, Dolgian 1 803map J. Singer, Dolgian 1 807PR Troedrour, Dolegian OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dol-gian O S 1 834, Dolgain, Dolgian 1 83 7TMS, Dol-guan O S 1 8 9, Dol Geuan 1 908 E.R.Jones p. 65 The relatively unanimous agreement of the forms of this name (except for 1 760 and 1 908) precludes this name having anything to do with the pn.

Caean found in Tregaean (SH 45-79, Angl.) . The simplest is that this place-name, along with Brynci'an (SH 35-71 , Angl.), Llangi'an (Caerns.) and Rhiwgian (Newport) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 66], contains the pn. Ci'an, whose name is attested in Cian qui vacatur Gueinth Guaut [c.830 HB (Morris): 78] , and Ciannant in Mer {read Cian Nantnimer} [ s.a.865(c.954) Ann.Camb. : 14]. It is tempting to ascribe to this name an Irish original Cian, since in Welsh the form ci for 'dog' is - to my explanation

knowledge - never found as the ftrst element of Brittonic personal-names. This is not surprising as names with 'dog' were formed by the original Celtic stem

in Modern Welsh in the pl.

cWn

*cun-,

e.g.

Cynan, Cynog etc. ,

a form now only found

'dogs'. S ome personal-names were still being created anew after the

switch from Brittonic to Welsh (cf

Tudyr

�

Tudri), and if so a construction ci + -an would represent a Cynan. There are common nouns ci'an 'little dog, whelp'

more modern form of the the ancient Cehic pn.

and cuan 'owl', though note there is no hint of an article in the place-name. Dyffrynceri -(SN 3 45-467)[dyffryn + hn. Ceri]; [d�frig'keri M. H. Davies] Dyffrynceri 1 875sur. landowners p . 5 , Dyffrynceri 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 1 p. 1 40, Siop

Dyffryn

1 963 D.Davies & W.T. Hughes p. 3 0

Euron -(SN 344-456)[ euron]; Euron OS 1 982 Cf Laburnum Hall (48-a). Fron-fach -(SN 343 -464)[y + bron + bach]; Fron-fiich O S 1 8 9 1

Fronfelen -(SN 3 39-463)(y + bron + melenL [dremalt, formerly br:>n'velen 0. Rees] Fronvelen 1 826PR Troedrour, Bron-felen OS 1 891 , Tremallt OS 1 982

Gelli-aur -(SN 327-454)[tn Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Canns.)] ; Gelli Aur O S 1 982

Gilfachgam -(SN 329-467)[y + cilfach + cam] ; Gilvach Gam 1 789PR Troedrour, Gilfachgarn OO S 1 8 1 1 , Gilfach-gam OS 1 834, Gilfach-gam OS 1 89 1

Glyntawel -(SN 341 -464)[glyn + tawel]; 158

Ceri

( 1 0) IS-COED Glynatv;el OS 1 982

Gweman -(SN 3 3 3-460)[gwem + -an] ; (pla:s�'gwernan 0. Rees, pla:s'gwernan M. H. Davies] GwernP..ant

1 803map J. S inger, Gwemant

1 808

S . R.l\1eyrick p. 204,

Alderbrook Hall OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Alderbrook Hall OS I 834, Gweran ma\\lf 1 832PR Troedrour, Alder Brook Hall 1 83 8PR Troedrour, Plas­ y-Gwemant O S 1 89 1 , Gwernantgoch-Cadwgan 1 904 J. Evans p. 272, Plas-Gwemant 1 9 1 8 Beckingsale �1S S

p. l l 5, i

Blas Gwernant 1 93 8 \VFl\.1 �1S 1 650/1 1

p. 142,

Y Gwern.'lant 1 966 D .I. Jones p.75,

Gweman 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p . 2 1 John Lloyd Williams esq., the present proprietor, has built a handsome one on the sum.f11.it o f the hill, the old mansion house stood in the bottom [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 204], probably Gwernan-isa ( 1 0-a). Gwernan Home Farm -(SN 3 3 6-46l ) [tn. Gwernan (lO-a) + E. home + farm] ; [nant�·gwernan 0. Rees, ho:m 'farm 0. Rees] Gwemant O S 1 89 1 , Gwemant Home Farm OS 1 9 82

Gweman-isa -(SN 3 34-466)[gwem + -an (+ isaf) ] ; o 6ernann f1. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p. 1 69, Gwernan 1 546

1\TL\V

M S 29 1 2 p . 7, o \Vernaru'1 1 500Yz

Rep\lll\1SS vol. l pt. l p. 8 1 9, Gwernan Place 1 564 Nouadd l\1SS, G"vernan 1 565

\V. Cynwal

p. 1 35,

Gweman 1 6 5 lrent, o Wernan c. l 600 L.D\AJtm vol l p. 3 4, CT\vennan c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Weman 1 789PR Troedrour, Gwernant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwernant OS 1 834, Gwemant ishaf 1 837TMS, Gwernant-isaf OS 1 89 1 Tf..is was probably the old rr-..ansion of Gl1iernan, see sub

Gwernan

( 10-a). The name

Gl·Jiemant was

given

to a stream in 1 894 [ 1 894 J\1LW MS 1 5858-B: 3 ] , but whether this was a name distilled from the place-name or whether

Gwernan

- to

give its proper form - originally referred to a stream is not .L'lo\vn, though quite

possible.

Hawen( i) -(SN 3 45-468)[hn. Hawen] ; [howen'h:1:! l\1. H. Davies] Rhyd Hawen 1 65 1 rent, Rhydhawen 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Hawen Hall O S 1 89 1 , Rhyd-hawen, Hawen 'yn

awr' 1 97 1 M.E.James p. l 8 Hmven=isa existed before _.1-fmven Hall was built [c.1 925 WFJ\.1 MS 1650!1 8]; in 1 880 an auctioneer Hawen and called it Hawen Hall [inf. M. Jones] . !L.I\WEN(ii) -(SN 346-468)[tn. Hawen(i) (10-a)t [howen 1vf. H. Davies, pentre'howen �1. Thomas]

rebuilt

Pentrehawen 1 796PR Troedrour, Pentre Hawen O OS 1 8 1 1 , Pentre Hawen O S 1 8 34, Ha\ven 1 83 9TI.1S LlangyrJlo, ym J\1hentref Hawen c. 1 90 0

\VHvf MS

1 5201 1 , yn Bentref Hawen 1 963 D.Davies

&

W. T.Hughes p.28

Originally called Pentre Hawen after Hawen(i) (lO-a), but subsequently the name was simplified.

Comprising: 1 ) Arnvylfa (13-a), 2) Capel Hawen, 3) Cilbo� 4) Dyffrynceri, 5) Glen11ydd (1 3-a), 6) Hawen Hall, a), 8) Ysgol Niwgat (1 3-a), 9) TroedrhiwpaJ.

7) Niwgat ( 1 3-

Hawen-isa -(SN 345-469)[hn. Hawen (+ isaf) ] ; Tir Hawen 1 564rent, Aber Hawen 1 65 l rent, Hawen 1 760CF, Hav1en 1 794PR Troedrour, Ha\ven OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hawen 1 83 9TI\1S Llangynllo, Hav;en issa 1 8 52 R Evans �AS S, Hawen isaf 1 926 \VFl\1 l\1S 1 650/1 6

Henblas -(SN 326-442)[hen + plas] ; Henblas OS 1 982 Ietgoch �(SN 334-463) [iet + coch];

[jet'go:x; 0.

Rees]

Iet-goch O S 1 89 1

!et!as -(SN 328-463) [iet + glas] ; Yet Las 1 787sur map, Ietlas 1 793PR Troedrour, Yetlas 1 796PR Troedrour, !etlas 1 803map J. S inger, Yetlas OOS 1 8 1 1

Lan -(SN 3 3 1 =444)[y + glan] ; Top Galan 1 798PR Troedrour, Top 1 83 0PR Troedrour, Top O S 1 834, Lan, Llan 1 837TMS, Lan O S 1 89 1 , Lan OS 1 904, Top 1 904 J. Evans p. 273, Y Top 1 904

J.Evans

p. 275, Llanarthen O S 1 982

Llain -(SN 3 4 1 -465)[llain]; [iajn 0. Rees] Llain 1 787PR Troedrour, Llain Rhyd y Pentre 1 83 7TMS, Llain 08 1 89 1 , Bronwylfa OS 1 9 82

Llain Bwlchdawdd -(SN 3 3 4-43 8)[llain + tn. Bwlchclawdd] ; Llain Bwlch Clawdd 1 787sur map, Llain Bwllch y C!awdd 1 83 7TI\1S

Llainddu -(S N 343-455)[llain + du]; Llain-du O S 1 89 1 , Llain-ddu O S 1 904, Gwynfryn O S 1 98 2

159

( 1 0) IS-COED Llaindelyn -(SN 346-457)[1lain + y + telyn]; LJai.11-delyn OS 1 89 1 Llainlas -(SN 324-450)[llain + glas]; [!ajn'la:s M . Thomas] LlaL.'l-las OS 1 982 Llainmanal -(SN 346-457)[llain + y + banadl]; L1ain-manal OS 1 89 1 , L1ainmanol l 963 D.Davies & W.T.Hughes p.40 Llysawe! -(SN 339-453)[llys + awel] ; L!ysa\vel OS 1 982 Llysywain =(SN c. 320-459) [1lys + pn. Ywain] ; Llys Owen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, (c) Pare Llys Owen 1 787sur ro.ap, (c) Llys Wen 1 903 G.E.Evans p.269, (c) Parc-lys-wen 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6 Cejnmaes-mawr (10-a) land [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269]. Tradition has it that Ywain ab Hy\vel Dda, king of Ceredigion lived in this field [ 1 926 WFM MS 165011 6] . Loj Gwernan =(SN 340=454) [loj + tn. Gwernan (l O-a)]; Lodge 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Gwernan Lodge 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Lodge Gwernan 1 849 in 1 953 WFM MS 1 650/1 2 p. 60, Gwernant Lodge OS 1 89 1 , (fpn.) Mari'r Lodge ? 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p.26 Lower Lodge -(SN 329-457)[E. lower + lodge] ; Lower Lodge OS 1 982 Nantu -(SN 33 7-461 )[nant + du]; [mmti 0. Rees, pentre'nanti M H. Davies] Nanty issa + ycha 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Nanty 1 62 1 BRA ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 9, Nant Dye 1 650rent, Y Nanty issa + ycha 1 6 5 l rent, Nanty 1 787sur map, Nantu 1 793PR Troedrour, Nantty 1 804PR Troedrour, Nanty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nante OS 1 834, Gv.remant Cottages 1 837Th1S, Nant-y-Gwernant OS 1 891, (pn.) Ifan Go' Nanty 1 967 S. Gw.Davies p. 60 A pentref ( 1 938 WFM MS 1650/1 1 : 40]. Pantglas -(SN 322-454)[pant + glas] ; [pant'gla:s M Thomas] Pant-glas OS 1 891 Penbont(i) -(SN 324-468)(Capelgwnda) [pen + y + pont] ; Pen-y-bont 1 81 3PR Troedrour, Pen-bont OS 1 834, Pen y Bont 1 83 7TMS, ym Mhenbont Wnda 1 93 8 WFM M S 1 650/1 1 p.23 , Mill O S 1 982 Penbont(ii) -(SN 321 -452)(Brongest)[pen + y + pont]; [pen'b:lnt lVI. Thomas] (c) Park Pen y Bont 1 787sur map, Pen y Bont 1 921 Beckingsale .l\1SS p. 1 1 3 Pen-y-cwm -(SN 345-461 ) [pen + y + cwm] ; Pen-y-cwm OS 1 891 Pengel!i-isa -(SN 326-438)[pen + y + celli (+ isaf)]; [pen,gcli'i:Ja 0. Rees] Pen y Gelly isaf 1 597 Pengelli MSS, Pen y Gelli issa 1 65 1 rent, Tir Pen y Gelli issa 1 700 Pengelli l\1SS, Penygelly 1 7 1 4PR Troedrour, Penygelly, Pen y Gelly issa 1 760CF, Pencelly isaf 1 787sur map, Penygelli issa 1 797PR Troedrour, Pengelly OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pengelli-fawr 1 830PR Llangynllo, Pen-gelli OS 1 834, Pengelly 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Pengelli 1 833PR Llandyfr!og, Pen Gelly issaf, Pengelly ishaf 1 837TMS, Pen-gelli-isaf OS 1 891 Pengelli-ucha -(SN 327-439)[pen + y + celli (+ uchaf)]; [pen,gcli'i:za 0 . Rees] Pen y Gelly ycha 1 597 Pengelli MSS , Pen y Gelli ycha 1 65 1 rent, Pencelly uch.a 1 787sur map, Penygelli ucha 1 787PR Troedrour, Penggally ucha 1 828 Pengelli 1\AS S, Pengelly uclt.af 1 837TMS, Pen-gelli-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Penlan -(SN (ii)34 1 -460)[pen + y + glan] ; Pen y Lan 1 584 Nouadd l\1SS , Pen y Lla.'l 1 65 lrent, Pen Lan 1 784PR Troedrour, Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan OS1 834, Pen-Ian OS 1 89 1 , Pe11Jan Troedyraur c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 i) SN 342-46 1 . 1 834. ii) SN 341 -460. Penlon(i) -(SN 33 5-463)(Gweman) [pen + y + lon]; PePJon 1 788PR Troedrour, Penlon 1 790PR Troe.drour, Pen Lone 1 834PR Troedrour, Pen-lon OS 1 89 1 Pen!on(ii) -(SN 322-45 1 )(Brongest)[pen + y + Ion]; [pen'lo:n M. Thomas] Penlon OS 1 982 Penparc �(SN 340-464)[pen + y + pare] ; [pen'park l\1. H. Davies] 1 60

( 1 0) IS-COED Pen y Park 1 6 5 1 rent, Penypark 1 792PR Troedrour, Penpark 1 802PR Troedrour, Pen-pare OS 1 834, Pen­ pare OS1 891 Penrhiw-fach -(SN 344-465)[pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)]; [pendr!W'va:x; M H. Davies] Pen-rhiw-fach OS 1 834, Pen-rhiv1-:ffich OS 1 891 , Penrhiwfach 1 968 \VFM MS 1 520/2 p. l The bach in opposition to Penrhiwpal. Penrhiwpru -(SN 347-458)[pen + yr + pal]; [pendru'pa:l M. H. Davies, penriW'pa:l 0. Jones] (c) Park y Pal (SN 346-448) 1 787sur w.ap, Penrhiwpal OOS 1 8 l l , PenrPiw-pale 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Penrhiwpal 1 822PR L!angynllo, Penrhi\vpale 1 825PR Troedrour, PenrhwpaL Penrhwpale 1 83 0PR Troedrour, Penrhiw-pal OS1 834, Pen-rhiw-pal OS1 89 1 , i Berwpal (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p.208, Penrhiwpal 0Sc. 1 950 The court leet was held at Penrhiwpiil [1938 \VFM M S 1650/1 1 : 26-27] ; a little pentref £1938 WFM M: s 1650/1 1 : 18] . Penrhiw Salem -(SN 328-447)[pen + y + rhi\v + tn. Salem (10-a)]; Penrhiw 1 789PR Troedrour, Pen-rhiw-salem OS 1 89 1 , Ael y Bryn OS1 904, \Vest View 0Sc. l 950 Penwem �(SN 33 1 =470)[pen + y + gwern] ; Peny\vern 1 787PR Troe.drour, Penwern, Penywern 1 837TMS, Pen-wern OS 1 891 Pop!er -(SN 329-464)[E. poplar]; [ p:)pler M Jones, p:)pl�rs 0. Rees] Poplar 1 791PR Troedrour, Pepler OS 1 834, Pepler OS 1 89 1 , Y Poplar 1 93 8 \VFM �1S 1 650/1 1 p. 28, Poplars OS 1 982 Porthrbyd -(SN 321 -452)[porth + y + rhyd] ; [p:)rO�'hri:d M Thomas] Parth Gwernan ? 1 65 lrent, Porth yr Hyd 1 807PR Troedrour, Porth y F�lJ.yd, Porthrhyd (2x) 1 837TMS P\vllg\vair -(SN 33 5-452)[pwll + y + gwair]; [ pm'gwajr 0. Rees] Pwll-y-gwair OS 1 834, Pwll Gwair 1 837TMS, Pwll-y-gwair 08 1 89 1 , Bryn-Gwernant OS1 982 Rhandir -(SN 323-449)[rP.andir]; .. Rlumdir 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Rlt.andir 1 83 7TMS, RlJ.andir OS 1 904 Rhipyndu -(SN 345-446)[rhipyn + du]; [hripm'm: (id. ) 0. Rees, hnpm 0. Jones] .Rhipin Duy 1 584 Nouadd MSS, R.hippi..11 Dy 1 594 Nouadd M8S, R.hippin Ddy 1 650rent, Rhippin Du, Fippin Du, (c) Penrhip (SN 346-444) 1 787sur map, Rhippin 1 795PR Troedrour, Ripping OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhipyn OS 1 834, FJrippin D u 1 837Tivf..S , R.lribyn-du OS 1 89 1 , Rhippin D u OS 1 904, Rippyn Du 1 938 \VR1 1VfS 1 650/1 1 p. l 81 Rhyd-y-berllan -(SN 322-447) [rhyd + y + perllan]; Rhyd-y-berllan OS 1 891 Jlhydgaled -(SN 328-442)[rhyd + c-aled]; Rhyd-galed OS 1 891 P....'tydpentre . -(SN 342-465) [rhyd + y + pentrefj ; Tythyn R.�yd y Pentre 1 5 84 Nouadd l\1SS, Rhyd y Penter 1 65 lrent, Rhyd y Pentre 1 760CF, Rhydypentre 1 797PR Troedrour, Rhydypentre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-pentre OS1 834, .Rhyd-pentre OS 1 891, Rh.ydypentref O S 1 904, o Rydpentre (dialect) 1 953 WFM MS 1 650/12 p. 32, i Rydypentre 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. l The pentref referred to hardly seerns to refer to the neighbouring pentref of Hawen (10-a) or Nantu (10-a), as these are only securely attested much later. Salem =(SN 324-450)[Bibl.tn Salem] ; Capel Salem OS1 834, Salem 1 833PR Troedrour, Capel Salem 08 1 89 1 , Salem c. l 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.277 b. l 8 1 1 [ 1851Rel cer>...s. : 494; c.l902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 277; 1904 J. Evans : 273; 1 938 \VFI'-A �.1S 1650/1 1: 79-80] ; ren. 1 885 ( c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 277; 1 938 WFJ\1 MS 1650/1 1 : 79-80] ; denom. Cl\/1. Sicar -(SN 323=450)[Bibl.tn. Sichar]; [s1kar r-...1. Thomas, r-...1.Jones, sikar'ixa + 'iJa r-...1. Thomas] Sichar 1 832PR Penbryn, Sychar 1 834PR Troedrour, Sicb.ar 1 904 J.Evans p.385, Sychar uchaf 1 9 1 6 Beckingsale M..SS p. l l 7 Talgarth -(SN 347-460)[tal + y + garth]; [talgare 0. Rees] Talga.rth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Talgarth 1 821PR Troedrour, Tal-gart.� OS 1 834, Talgarth 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Talgarth OS 1 891 It is not altogether clear to wPich topographic-al feav..:rre garth in this P.ame refers to, possibly to Gemos A/fountain (1 3-b), though this would not be a classical example of garth. It is conceivable that this name is a.. '1. emulative place-P..ame alludi.. "'lg to Talgarth (Brees.). 161

(1 0) IS-COED Troedrour

+ ? ]; [tro:d'r;:,jr tum,tro'drejr R Jones]

�(SN 3 27-453) [tref

Davies, pn.

0. Rees, L. Jenkins,

tr;)d'r;:,jr

E. Thomas,

(ec) Sancti Jvfichaelis de Trefdreyr 1 1 5 8---65b( l 308) cart. Slebech, Dresdryer 1 1 47-76

trod'r;:,jr

J\1. H.

in 1 897 J.R Rees

p. 98, Trefdreyr >1 1 76(1 3 08) cart. Slebech, Trastrahir 1 23 1 i11 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 363, eccl. Trestrahir 1 23 1 (c. 1 603) {v.l. G. Owen}

in 1 897 H. Owen vol 2 p. 3 5 9, Trefduher, Trefdreher 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, g6yr (MW. gwyr)} fl. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p.75, Trede:Yr {rhyme with syr} fl 1 48 5 L. Glync.ot.lll in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p . 3 59 n. l , Trefdrah.ir' 1 486 Trefdreir 1 408 ERSt-David p.4 1 0, i Dre Dreyr {rhyme with

ERSt-David p.468, Treftreic 1 489 ERST-David p. 670, Treftreyc, Tretrec 1 489 ERSt-David p. 672, Tredreyr 1 4 94 ERSt-David p. 694, Tredreir 1 494 ERSt-David p. 696, Trespeher 1 200-1 500(c. 1 600) Slebech �AS 247 in 1 948 B.G. Charles p . 1 94, Trefdryer 1 53 5

VE

p . 3 95, Trevedreyre 1 542 Nouadd MSS ,

Tredreir 1 545 Nouadd l\1S S , Tredrer 1 546 J'-IT.W :t- 1S 291 2 p.7, Tredereyr 1 552 Bromvydd J\1SS , ..

Tredroyr 1 5 54 CD, Treredroyer 1 5 54 CalPR p.44, Tredroyr 1 557 Nouadd MS S , Tredereyr 1 5 58 CalPR p.246, Tredroyer 1 564 Nouadd M�S , Tre Dreyrn c. l 566EPC, 'Troedroyr' 1 567 NLW MS 291 2 p. 29, Tredreyr, Tredroir 1 572 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tredroir 1 5 74 Nouadd MSS , Tredraier 1 578tnap C . S axton, Trederoir 1 58 1 Nouadd M �S , Tredrair 1 584 Nouadd �1SS , Tref Dreyr 1 590-91 EPC, Trederoir, Tredero;T 1 597 Pengelli MS S , Tredraur c. 1 600 L. Dv.mn vol. 1 p. 1 9, Trev Dreau c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 50, o Dred;Tawr c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p .60, Trefdrayer 1 60 1 Prob. St-David, Tref DeyTn 1 606EPC, Trefdrayr 1 6 1 0 Prob. St-David, Tredroyr 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tredroyr 1 6 1 2 EEW MSS, Tredrayr 1 6 1 3 Bromvydd MSS , Trefdroyer 1 6 1 4/1 5 Pengelli MSS , Tred..nNir 1 624 EM\VDS 1 7, Tredroier 1 629 Cilgwyn I MSS, Trodroyre 1 636 Pengelli MSS , Tredroyre 1 641 Bronwydd MSS, Troedyroyre 1 64 1 Bronwydd �1SS , T ir Tredroyr 1 650rent, Tredroyre, Troedroyre, Croes Tredroyre, Keven Tredrayre (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Troedroyr 1 660 J\1Richardson J\1S 1 6 1 , Troed-yr-oyer 1 673 Hendrefelen J\1SS,

Troedro;Te 1 68 8 NL\lf MS 1 3 529-A.., Tre Droi..�e 1 690 Coedmor :t- 1S 2 1 , TroedjTaur 1 692 Ty-lhvyd ..

M-S S , Trederoyre 1 700 Cilgvvyn I MSS , Trefdraur c . 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 93, Trefdroyr 1 694PR Troedrour, Trodroyer 1 696 Bromvydd MS S, Trefdroyr c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 89, Troedra\¥r c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 91 , Troeddroyer, Trefdroyre 1 702/03 Bronwydd MS S, Tredroge 1 7 1 0 Bronwydd MS S, Treed }T Royr 1 7 1 3 M Richardson MS 1 69, Troed}T Royr 1 7 1 4 �{Richardson �1S 1 70, Trodyre 1 7 1 9 Bronwydd J\1S S, Treffdroyne (sic) 1 720 i n 1 904 WGaz. 2 1 /04/04, Treodyro;T 1 72 1 Cilgwyn I J\1S S , Trefdayr 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Troed y r Oyr 1 73 4 Bronvvydd :t- 1S S , Troedroir 1 73 4 }·berglasney ..

..

MS 30, Troedyraur 1 73 9 Pengelli MSS , Troedyroer 1 74 8 in 1 80 8 S . R Meyrick p. 1 75, Troedyroir 1 75 1 /5 2 Peterwell MSS , Tredyraur 1 754 RJJ M ..S S , Troedyraur 1 757 Nouadd MSS , Tref Dreyr c. 1 757 LJ\1orris p . 4 1 1 , Troed yr Oir 1 760map E.Bowen, Troedyroyr 1 760CF, Troedyraur 1 760CF, Trefdroyr 1 762 F.Green �1S S vol.25 p. 48, Traed-yr-oir 1 76 5map E.Bowen

et a!.,

Tredroyre 1 768 M.Richardson

MS 1 8, Troedyroir 1 773 Nouadd l\1SS , Troedyroyre 1 774 Pengelli J\1S S, Troedyraur 1 774 CD, Troedyraur Church 1 787sur ro-ap, Troedyrour 1 787PR Troedrour, Troe.dyraur 1 794PR Troedrour, Tredroir 1 796 M.Rich.ardson MS 201 , Trev Deyrn 1 799EPC, Troed yr Oyr 1 803 map J. S inger, Troed-)lf­ aur, 'variants' Troed )lf Oir, Troedro)lf 1 808 S . RMeyrick p . 1 67, Troed yr Oer 1 808 S . Me)lfick p . 1 67, Troedyroyr 1 8 1 0 F. Green �1S S vol 25 p.472, Troedyraur OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troedd yr Aur 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troedd yr Aur, 'anciently' Llar.ft..lrengel Tref Teyrn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Troedd yr Aur, Troedyraur Village 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Troedyraur Farm 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Troed yr Oer 1 82 8 Pengelli �1S S , Troedyraur 1 83 7TMS, Troed-y-raur 1 83 9TMS Betws Ifa11.., 'ancient name' Llanvi..hangel-Trev-deyrn 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 ed. ) vol.2 p. 4 1 2, Troed)lfaur, S t . Michael's Ch. (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 , Teml Plant Trefdeyrn (society est. 1 876) 1 93 8

WFM

MS 1 650/1 1 p. 1 23 , Trefdreyr 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. l 32, Trefdeym 1 944

T . J. Thomas p.48 The name as con1.•nonly pronounced and written at present means 'foot of the gold', and t.l-tis con.11ection with

aur, our 'gold' is as old as 1 700: Trejdroyr is the modem pronunciation, but anciently CantrefAur E. Lhuyd: 3.89] ; The etymology of its na.me h.as puzzled many an antiquary. Some have supposed it should be Troed-yr-aur and imagined that gold h-ad been found at the foot of the mountain it now stands on [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 167]; 'the gold's foot', but in Demetia.11 dialect aur is pronounced oer [ 1 901 J. Rhys: 2. 166] ; G. \V. Hall [ 1 971 : 64] was misled by these etymologies to note Troedrour as a place where gold was [c. 1 700

mined or prospected, following 1 83 3 S . Lev,ris ·who referred to the tradition that gold was once obtained at the foot of the eminence on which the church stands. Another interpretation of the name, giving due emphasis to older written forms c.onnected the name with the element teyrn 'ruler': "At the end of the second volume of the arch-aiology of Wales this parish is called

Tredreyrn,

Trew Teyrn

which corruptedly may be

and this na.rne may be English 'king-ham' or 'king's toviln', which was probably the P..ame of this

162

( 1 0) IS-COED parish. " [ 1 808

s.

R.

Meyrick: 167] ;

�

Tredeyrn

als.

Tref Edeym

( 1 868 B. Williams: 1 0] ; "Dywedir fed tref o'r

enw Trefdeyrn we.di bod uwchlaw pentref Bronygest, yn ym.yl yr hwn y w_ae Sale111.., ac iddi gael ei dinystrio tn.vy ryfeloedd. " [ 1 904

Trefdeym was the form adopted by a local friendly aur and teyrn are incorrect, one only need look at the early forms of this name to see for one's self The frrst element tre(j) is mostly followed by -dreyr I -dreir (including those fonr...s with silent : -dreyre, -dereyr) in the earliest fonr...s. Variant fonr...s with rather than , e.g. -drayr!-drair (including those forms with silent -drayre, -draier, -drayer), are much less h'l evidence. The later forms with -droyr!-droir ( L.'lcluding those forrns with silent : -deroyr, -deroyre, -droyre, -deroir, -droier, -droyer), appear from the mid sixteenth century, that is when docu..rnentation begi.lJ.S to become common, �11d such late fofll'.s as -draur c. l 600, -dyrawr (sic) c. 1 600, -draur c. 1 700, are due to a regular practice of Vlriting literary instead \Vhich was considered J.

Eva.fl s: 272] ; and

society established i.lJ. 1 876. Both the i.lJ.terpretations by

sub-standard. The mai..11 conclusion to be drawn from all the above fonr...s is tr.at the vocalic kernel of this obscure word should be vvTitten

*treyr!*trayr).

�dreyrl=drayr

according to }v1n\V. conventions (probably lenited from

MnW. seems assured by ro_any facts: 1 ) Lewys syr 'sir' (fl. l 485); 2) the sporadic -duher, -dreher 1 29 1 , -peher (sic) 1 200-1 5 00(c. l 600); 3) forms

That the vocalic kernel could not be

Glyncothi's rhyming sc.heme where Tredeyr is made to rhyme with variations with

in some early fofll'..s : in < oy/oi > the early Modern period; 4) the present pronunciation in [ �j] . That the vocalic kernel could not be written .1\fuV/. seems assured by the fact that none of the early form is written with . The development of modern southern Welsh [;,j] from anythi..f1g except MW. is rather irregular, but does occur, Lf1 Penblodouyn (35-a), and the parish-name of Penbour (Ca.rm s.) not far from t}l..is locality seems to be another case of the same development (though as with Troedrour, the second element is equally obscure). For anomalous developments of . The forms with medial : -trahir 1 23 1 , -duher, -dreher 1 29 1 , -drahir' 1 486, -peher 1 200-1 500(c. 1 600), probably only represent a hiatus of the name

to ensure that it was not treated as a diphthong, a...11d that two syllables were to be understood (this is also the conclusion to be gleaned from Le\vys Glyncothi's form of fl l 48 5 :

-deyr

rhyming with

.syr).

This

would w..ake this element resemble - phonetically - a sw..all class of words which have an alternation

: 1\.A\XJ crehyr, northern MnW. creyr, crj)r 'heron', .l\1\XJ JVL.11\V. deir 'long (of time), tedious' [GPC s.v. breyr, creyr, deir, dfr..ir] . The forms without the medial : -duher 1 29 1 -dejir :fl. 1485, most probably represent dissimilation with the other two in the p_ame, though this loss of due to dissimilation has not survived with later forms. The addition of to the flnal of this obscure element drew it closer to a lenited form of the word teym 'ruler', and those sources which first note this form (c. l 566, 1 606) are the between forms with and without a medial

brehyr, breyr

'noble',

l\1\XJ dyhir,

southern

notoriously (sometimes hyper-) analytical Welsh parish lists Enwau Plwyfau Cymru. As can be seen from

trei, but t..lte main stress on the obscure :in the sixteenth-century Tredrour, allowed the vowel of Tre- to be obscured, doubtlessly giving rise to a spoken form *tr�'dr�jr, and from this (unattested) spoken form Welsh speakers must have understood the element troed 'foot' (which would have equally been obscured to * tr� - in this position). That the name was reanalysed is vouched for by the seventeenth century forms Troedyroyre 1 64 1 , Troedroyre 1 65 1 , Troedroyr 1 660, Troed-yr-oyer 1 673 , Troedroyre 1 688 (I have reason to believe that the transcripted form 'Troedroyr' of 1 567 may be suspect, and as and were often confused in the script of this period and I am also wary of appealing to the form Trodroyre 1 636). A si.rnilar hyper­ correction is evident in the Breconshire place-name "Troed-yr-harn, probably a c-orruption of Tredreham, is Trahameston 1 3 3 1 CI. " (S0 06-30, Llanddew, Brecs.) {1 93 8 B. G. Charles : 1 68] , and perhaps in Cefntroedudwal als. Penlan-isa (62-a). Church b. 1 795 [ 1 83 3 s. Le\.vi.s (1 850 edn): 2.412]; church dates from 1 84 5 (c. 1 902 E. R. the earlier fon:r...s the f1..rst element of the name was origi.11ally second element

Horsfall-Turner: 1 53 ] .

Troedrhiwpal -(SN 345-467) [troe.d + rhiw + y r + pal]; Troerhiw 1 824PR Troedrour, Troedyrhiw Hawen 1 83 7TMS, Troedrhyv•;pale 1 845 1 650/1 2 p. 5 9, Troedrhiwhawen 1 9 1 9 Beckingsale Y..S S p. 1 1 6 Ty-comel -(SN 3 22-452)[15' + yr + cornelL [ti'k:>rnel

M.

Thomas]

inf Ty-newydd -(SN 3 3 2-440)[15'

+ nev-;ydd] ;

Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1

'Vaun -(SN 3 25-469)[y + gvvaun] ; Waun 1 787sur map

1 63

in 1 953 WFM MS

( 1 0) IS-COED Winllan -(SN 344-456)[y + gwinllan] ; Winllan OS 1 89 1 goonyms Crug-y-balog -(SN 341 -452)[crug + y + ? ]; [kri:ga'babg 0. Rees] Creeg y Balog 1 760map E.Bowen, Old Encampm.t, Ochr Crug y Balog (prox.) 1 787sur map, Crug y Balwg 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 66, Crugybalg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crug-y-balog OS 1 89 1 , Crug Balog 1 903 G.E.Evans p.269, Crug Balog 1 904 J.Evans p.272 "A slight earthwork, with no visible ditch, almost obliterated by a field-bank, " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 244]; games were once played on Sundays here ( 1 904 J. Evans: 272] . The difficulty in this toponym is the second element balog, which seems to be present in Balog (SH 47-92, Llaneilian, Angl.), and nearby Penrhyn Balog (E. Lynas Point). Local tradition around Crug-y-balog viewed it as containing the name of a champion or a giant: " . . . tradition states that a warrior named Balog, or Emlyn Balog, was killed in battle, and buried" [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269]; "Crug y Balwg ddylasai fod . . . ", a giant Balwg, was buried here of yore ( 1 926 WFM MS 1 65011 6}. The term balog (or more precisely MW balawg) is attested twice in MW texts whose contexts point to its meaning being for a person of some kind: "ef a welei varchawc yn dyfot yn y erbyn ac anvyd balawc amaw ac erchi y vendyth a wnaeth. I Ac ar borth y gaer y kyfatfou ac ef y balawc a gyfaruuassei ac ef kyn no hynny. Ac erchi y vendith a oruc. " ( 1 30Ql.,� Peredur vab Efrawc: 6 1 , 62] ; "Dangos dy uys y valauc ynteu ae heirch yn gubyl" 'show your finger to a churchman (?) and he'll demand it all' [c. l 250 in BBCS: 4.7] . The equation of this element with MB . bael(l)ec, MnB . beleg 'priest' [ 1 926 Gw. Morris-Jones: 1 1 ; 1 927 H. Lewis in BBCS: 4. 1 5] may be correct, though it may be safer to translate it as 'churchman'. In Welsh the regular cognate of B . beleg is found as baglog translated by GPC [ s.v. baglog] as 'one with the right to bear the crozier of an abbot or a bishop' (this translation leaves open whether baglog refers to the abbot and bishop themselves, or to a special official with duties to the crozier). The term baglog, and the cognate MnB . beleg 'priest' [ 1 967 HPB: 1 63], and I. bachlach 'shepherd, boor', sometimes 'priest, monk' constitute regular reflexes - with the CC. suffix -ak- - of L. baculum 'staff). GPC tentatively explains the form balog as opposed to baglog as a borrowing from MB. which hardly seems likely, especially as it does not reflect the phonetic realisation of the Breton word, though it is likely that knowledge of the Breton word may have influenced the understanding of the Welsh word by compilers of dictionaries in the early Modem period: balawg 'sacerdos' 1 592 [ GPC s.v. balog 1 ] . It remains a possibility that the few MW attestations of balog 'churchman' may be garbled written forms of baglog. Though 'churchman' remains a feasible meaning for balog in both Balog and Crug-y-balog, this meaning remains somewhat suspect. Another possible explanation of balog by an obscure noun biil meaning 'protrusion' is feasible: this is attested only once - and thus suspect - as a feminine noun bdl 'peak, summit' given by Iolo Morganwg in 1 788 [GPC s.v. biil 1 J, seems to be derived from Pen-y-fd - more properly Pen-y-fael (E. Sugarloaf, Abergavenny, Mons.). However, judging by the mountain Biil-mawr (SO 26-27, Mons.), the headland Pen-y-bdl (SM 04-4 1 , Nevem) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 48, 1 54], and Bryn-y-bdl (SJ 25-64, Buckley, Flints.), there was a masculine noun bdl (whilst E. Davies [ 1 959: 2 1 ] offered the E. bale 'bundle, ball' as an explanation for the Flintshire name, which as it lay astride Offa's Dyke - is feasible, B. G. Charles's remark that the Pembrokeshire name could be interpreted as containing the feminine noun pdl 'spade', is made unlikely by the fact that the specifiers that were appended to it are unlenited, e.g. Pen Ball bach, Pen Ball mawr 1 758, Bal bach 1 891 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 48, 1 54]). The Cornish bal 'mine', more specifically 'area of tin working' may well be related, though the sense is not similar (the note by 0. J. Padel [ 1 985: 1 5] that W. bol(a) 'belly, bulge' also means 'cavity' seems to be an incorrect inference from the defmition given by GPC [s.v. bol]) . There is some support for bal meaning 'protrusion' in Breton: 1) in the Vannetais dialect with the masculine noun balog 'chin' (balog 1 93 1 , bailloc 1 723) [ 1 979 GIB: 1 93 ] ; 2) in the Leon dialect with baleg 'projection of a building' (cf. the derivative vn. balega 'projecting') [ 1 895 Rusquec s.v. baleg]. If it is accepted that bdl means 'protrusion', then it may be that a derivative adjective balog 'protrusive', was also substantiated to mean 'protrusion', this suits the Anglesey headland of Balog, but does not seem so suitable for the site of Crug-y-balog. At the present moment I do not feel that either balog 'churchman' or balog 'protrusion' have been conclusively proven. The MnW. balog, a feminine noun, is an otherwise well-attested Welsh borrowing from J\tlE. hallock, meaning 'tongue or pin of a clasp', or 'flap of a trousers/pocket/petticoat' and 'codpiece' [GPC s.v. balog2] . I favour this balog as being contained in the toponym Tafarn Falog ( 1 908 E. R. Jones: 84] or Tafam y Falog (SH 34-84, Llanddeusant, Angl. ), .

-

.

-

.

-

1 64

( 1 0) IS-COED pace Gw. M. Jones ( 1 926: 228] who interpreted it as 'the priest's tavern', though there was an nearby house called Balog (OS 1 89 1 ], now Tyddyn Falog [OS1 982] ; see Crug-y-balog (10-a), Brongaer (1 0-a). Cwmsychbant -(SN 3 32-45 8)[cwm + tn. Sychbant] ; Tir Blaen Sychbant, Tir y Sychbant 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Sychbant 1 65 1 rent, Sychbant 1 787sur map, Cwm Sychbant Gwernan' c. l 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 Dolsaint -(SN 322-465)[ dol + y + saint]; (c) Park Ddol Saint 1 787sur map, Dol Saint isa + ucha 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 270, Dol-saint 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Dolsaint 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.44 There was a pool in river near Capelgwnda (10-a) called GelWJln Gwnda [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270], this may be the rocky area near Melinwnda (8-a) [inf M. Thomas], or near Do/saint (l O-b) where saint Gwyndaf left kneeling marks in the river, from the resulting holes came 'cyffur i wella pawb' [ 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 42, 44]; on Perthgerent (8-a) land [1 953 WFM MS 1650/12: 66] ; "tradition tells of a monastery . . . here . . . called Trev Sant" [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270) ; an old prince named Gwyndaf was buried in this meadow (1 926 WFM MS 1 650116]; cf. Capelgwnda (1 0-a), sub Llanddewi Brefi (32-a).

165

( 1 1 ) IS-COED LLANDYFR.iOG Aber -(SN 3 54-4 1 7)[aber] ; (c) Park yr Abar 1 73 7

Bronwydd MSS , Abar 1 797 Bronwydd MSS , Abar 1 8 1 3PR Llandyfriog, Abar

1 83 6PR Llandyfriog, Aber 1 83 9TMS, Aber 1 83 9TMS Llangynllo, (f pn. ) Bet yr Aber 1 904 J.Evans p.239 Refers t o the confluence o f Gwylan and

Aberdeuddwr -(SN

Cwerchyr; see Aberbanc (12-a). [aber'dej()ur E. Thomas]

3 3 5 -42 1 ) [aber + dau + dWt-];

Aberdaunant ? 1 84 1 cens. Existent [ 1 8391MS] . Refers to the confluence of the unnamed stream from

Llawgam. Abertrosoi -(SN 3 39-409)[aber + hn.

Trosol] ;

[o:ld'vikred3

0. Jones,

wejn'lan E.

Llwyncadfor ( l l -a)

with

Thomas, 0. Jones]

Vicarage OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parsonage 008 1 8 1 2, Vicarage 1 82 1 PR Llandyfriog, Aber-trosol 1 83 9TMS, AbertrosoL Vicarage 1 84 1 cens. , i Bersondy Llandyfriog 1 868 B . Williams p. 77, Vicarage 0 8 1 89 1 , The Old Vicarage, 'then' Waun Llan 1 924-26 C8RL8 2, The Old Vicarage OS 1 982 "It is said that the name of the old vicarage in the early part of the eighteenth century was Abertrosol. "

[ 1924-26 CSRLS: 2]. Renamed Gwaunllan in 1 924 as new owners came from Gwaunllan (Llanwinio, Carms.) [ 1924-26 CSRLS: 2] ; see Ficrej ( 1 1 -a). ALLT-YR-ESGOB -(8N 3 32-4 1 5) [allt + yr + esgob] ; [aU�'resk;,b, au�·r�sk;,b E. Thomas] Gallt-'r-esgob 'common' 1 8 1 5 in 1 793 sur map, Llandyfriog, (c) Alit yr Esgob OS 1 904, Alltesgob 1 924-26 CSRLS 6,

(c) Allt yr Esgob OS 1 982, (c) Allt yr Esgob 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL Old 3 1 6

S o named because it was the hillside in the bishop of St Davids' lordship of Dyjfrynteifi lordship of Gwynionydd Is-Cerdin

(e), facing the (e). This was originally a common of 54 acres [ 1 8391MS] which during

the nineteenth century there developed a village of (presumably) labourers and poor people on what was originally a common. At present it has coalesced with the houses that sprung up on the main road to form the village of Llandyfriog.

Comprising: 1 )

Aberdeuddwr, 2) Bryncelyn, 3) Brynhyfryd, 4) Cilrbiwau, 5) Cwmwern(i), 6) Cwmwem(ii), 7) Dyffrynteifi, 8) Frongoch, 9) Fronddel, 10) Garregwen, 1 1) Gland\Vr, 1 2) London, 13) Maeseithin, 14) Pengraig, 1 5) Plas Hill, 16) Pwllglas, 1 7) Soar, 1 8) Teifi View. Allt-fach -(SN 325-4 1 4) (allt + bach] ; [alt'va:z 0. Jones] Danrallt ? 1 84 l cens. , Allt fach (sign) b. 1 945> [inf E. Thomas] . Argoed -(SN 344-437) [ar- + coed] ; [rarg;,d ('i·Jav, 'ix,av)

0 . Jones]

Argoed 1 8 1 3PR L1andyfrrog, Argoed OS 1 834, Argoed OS 1 89 1

ATBAR -(SN 308-409)[

? ];

[atpar

0 . Jones]

Atpar 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 257, Appar 1 28 1 CalChancR (var. ) p. 208, Atpar 1 326 BB8t-David p. 2 1 4, 'burgage' Treredyn 1 548 Coedmor MS 56, Place Treredyn als. Place Howell Llywelyn Dafydd ap Ieuan 1 5 59 Coedmor MS 5 8, Trehedyn 'between Cilgwyn and Fforest Atbar' 1 563 Coedmor MS 5 9, Trehedyn 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. l 08 , 'borough' Treeheden 1 603-25 T.I. Jones ( 1 955) p.293, Trerhedin 1 629 Coedmor MS 85, Trehedin als. Atparte Villa 1 68 1 Coedmor MS 64, Atpar, Tre Hedyn Gawr c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 9 1 , Tre Hudyn c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 92, Adpar 1 830PR Llandyfr1og, Tre'-Hedyn 1 850 J.James p. 1 3

Atbar (sometimes pronounced *apar, judging by Forest Dapper 1 569, Fforest Appar 1 754 Fforest, 1 1 -a), but never pronounced Adpar [ 1 922 G. Evans: 85]) is an unique name. The facts that it was the name of a borough, as well as having a demonstrably Welsh alias - viz. Trehedyn - may mean it The name (sub

was not originally a Welsh name, though from which language, let alone which elements it was formed I

[ 1 922: 86] that J. E. Lloyd had suggested 'aftermath, second-crop', viz. A tpawr, but he rightly refuted this etymology because "we'd expect Atpor from the lip of Welshmen", the in the second syllable then being wholly irregular. In looking for a Welsh etymology we require par am at a loss to say. G. Evans noted

which may have a number of meanings, none of which seem particularly suitable (cf GPC [s.v. par]) though there may be a connection between ad- 're-, second•, and the fact that the borough of Atbar seems to have been expressly constituted by the Bishop of St Davids sometime

in

the twelfth-thirteenth

centuries (post 1 274, according to RDAT [ 1 986: 29]) to counter the already established borough o f Newcastle Emlyn that lay directly opposite it across the Teifi river. There i s no doubt that the alternative name is Welsh, and is composed of tref and probably the pn.

1 66

Hedyn,

also found in the tn.

Castellhedyn

(1 1 ) IS-COED (Hay, Brees.) [ 1 935 I. Williams: 233], cf �1W.pn. Hedyn [ 1300% CLlH: 45] ; OC. pn. Hedyn [ 1 oth_n thcen:t. Bodm.l\1anu.] ; Heten [ 1 872 RC : 1 . 3 42] ; ff7enheden [1 3 00 7'4 Uita S&�cti 1'-.Jectani in 1966 P. C. Ba.t�tru.r.TL : 29] ; OB.pns. Hitin, Heden, Gurheten, Guorheden, Jarnhiten, Jarnhithin [ 1 890 J. Loth: 1 37-3 8] . The name seems to have been understood at various times as containi..11g rhedyn 'fern', Treredyn 1 548 Treredyn 1 559 Trerhedin 1 629, Trerhedyn 1 647, or possibly hedyn 'a seed' (cf the doubtlessly emulative name Tre'r Hedyn (L1ar..pumsaint, Carms.) [ 1 623 Llanlla\vddog l\1SS: 1 7] ), but the majority of spellings (also see sub Cnwc, l l�a) L'1.dicate no in the second element or as a defmite article, and with Lhuyd's talk of a giant called Hedyn, we are safer in concluding Hedyn to be a personal�name; see Afoumt ( 1 1 -b). Fair held on L�e seventh of July [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 9 1 ] . Bane -(SN 327-414) [banc] ; [bagk'fa:m 0 . Jones] Scybor fa\vr 1 728PR L1andyfriog, Scubor fav.'f 1 766-67 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 67, Scubor-fa\\'f 1 773sur rr.ap, Bank OOS 1 8 1 1, Bank 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfr1og, Bane OS 1 834, Scybor-fa\\'f 1 83 5 ]\1.Richardson :MS 1 050-5 1 , Bank 1 83 9TMS, Scybor fawr & BaP�k 1 84 1 c.ens. , Bank Farm OS 1 904 In 1 841 [ 1 84 l cens.] D. Davies, of independent means, lived in Ysgubor-fawr, whilst E. Rees a farmer, lived in Bane. Blaen Cil-!lech -(SN 323-426)[blaen + tn. Cil-llech (l 1-a)] ; [blajki'ie:x 0. Jones, blan'ki'ie:x E. Thomas] Llwch yr Hall als. Blaen..kill Leech als. Tyr James Mason 1 773 M.Richardson MS p. 1 85, Blaen Cil Llech 1 787sur rnap, Blaen Clhch 1 803map J. Singer, Blaencillch (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaencillech 1 8 1 7PR Llandyfhog, Blaen-cil-llech OS1 834, Blaen-cil-llech OS 1 891 The houses from Pen!lwyn (1 1 -a) to Blaen Cil-llech were coP..sidered to be the pentref of Blaen Cil-llech [ inf. 0. .Tones] . B!aendyffryn -(SN 3 32-4 14) [tn. Blaendyffryn ( 1 2-a)] ; Blaendy:ffryn (sign) Blaengwenllan -(SN 3 37-438)[blaen + hn. GvvePJlan]; [b!ajn'gwen!an 0. Jones] Blaen Gwenlath 1 564rent, Llain Blaen Gwenllaeth 1 6 1 3 Bronwydd �T1S S, Blaen Gv.rePJla 1 65 1 rent, Llain Blaen Gwenlaeth 1 672 Bronw·jdd MSS, Blaen Gvvenllan 1 675/76 Bronwydd �v1SS, Blaengwenlaeth 1 737 Bronwydd MSS, Blaengwenllais, 'called' Llain 'pt. of Troedyrhiw (sic) 1 780 Bronvvydd MSS, Blaen GwePJlan 1 783 Bromvydd MSS, Blaengwenllan 1 793PR Troe-drour, Blaen-gwaunllan 1 796PR Troedrour, Blaen Gv-;ePJlan 1 803rnap J. Si...n..ger, BlaengwePJlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gwenllan OS 1 834, Blaen-gwenllan OS 1 89 1 The river referred t o i s now called Afon Cwmwern, but was also called Llawgam - at least i..'l its lower reaches. The earliest forms suggest an original Gtvenl(l)a(e)th, the being the English convention for [-�] which would naturally be elided in the final position as Blaen Gwenlla 1 65 1 (though this is a somewhat early example). The fmal attested by 1676 could well be a hypercorrection of a tendency to lose fmal ( cf cwpan � cH.pa, cyfan � cyfa etc.). However, all this is far from secure, and the meaning of *gwenl(l)a(e)th is not clear. Because of the reasons given above this Gv.'enllan does not appear to be the same name as the other two examples of Gwenllan (Uanddcusant, Carrns .; Llanofcr, Mons.) quoted by R J. Thoro..as [ 1 938: 70-7 1 ] . The form Gwenllais of 1 780 appears to emulate the many streams that have lenited glais (later wisunderstood as llais 'voice', cf a recent house-name written Mor-lais (R..l-J.ydfelin, 64-a) it1spired by the southern \Velsh h.11. A4orlais). A Breeze [2000 R. Coates et al. : 2 1 5-17] con..11ects the \l/elsh Gwenllan names with the topon:y'ffi.S Welland (Worces.), Wenelond 1 1 82, Weneland 1 190, Wenland c. l 197, Wenlond 1 326 and Vindolanda, the ancient Brittonic name of Chesterholm (Northl.Lmberland) [ 1 979 PNRB: 502]. Blaenllyn -(SN 342-43 1 )[blaen + y + llyn] ; Blaen-y-llyn OS 1 834, BlaePJlyn 1 84 1ceP..s. , Blaen-llyn O S 1 89 1 Blaennant -(SN (ii)321-423)[blaen + y + nant]; [blaj'nant 0 . Jones] Tyr Blaenynant 1 747 Cilgwyn I M..SS, Blaen Nant (Lower Division + Upper Division) 1 773sur ro.ap, Captn Lloyd's New Bam 1 787sur map, Blaennant 1 795 Cilgwyn I :r-v1SS, Blaennant OOS 1 81 1 , Blaenant 1 8 1 6PR Llandyfr1og, Blaen-nant OS 1 834, Blaen-y-pant (sic) OS 1 89 1 , BlaeP.ant O S 1 904, (c) Lon Bla'nant 1 924-26 CSRLS 6 i) SN 322-41 9. 1 773 . ii) SN 321-423. B!aen Pa..qtdafydd -(SN 34 1 - 436) [blaen + tR PantrbfYdd (11-a)]; [blajn'wm!an 0. Jones]

1 67

( 1 1 ) IS-COED Blaenpant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-pant OS 1 834, Blaenpantdar;dd 1 832PR Llandyfr1cg, Blaenpant Daf.;dd 1 843TM-S, Blaen-pant-thlfydd OS 1 89 1 , Blaenwinllan O S 1 982

Blaenwinllan, no doubt to ease con..fusion between it and Blaen Pant-y-gwenith (1 1-a) just across the road. Blaen Pant-y-gwenith -(SN 340-436)[blaen + tn. Pant-y-gv1enith (1 1-a)]; [b!ajn'pant 0. Jones] This has been changed to

Blaen Pant y Gwenith 1 820PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Blaen�pant O S 1 89 1 , Blaen�pant OS 1 982

Blaen-tir -(SN 336-444) (blaen-tir] ; Blaentyr 1 84 l cens . , Blaen-trr OS 1 89 1

Biaentrosol -( SN 346-420)[blaen + hn. Trosol]; Tyr Nant y Brcstoll 1 7 1 3 l\"1.Richardson J\1S

p. l 69, Blaentaso l OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaentrassol l 8 1 7PR Bangor,

Blaentrosol 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfriog, Blaen-trosol OS 1 83 4, Blaen-trosol OS 1 89 1

be trusted then trosol may be a popular reanalysis - cf atsol � aso/ ­ brostoll may itself be a garbled form; cf Pant y Drostall [ 1 556 F. Green MSS: 25.496], Pant Ydroscoll (unloc., Llangcedmor) [ 1 556/57 EE\V MSS], which could, itself, be interpreted as a garbled form of trosgl (m. trH.Jsgl). The form B!aentasol of 1 8 1 1 finds coP..fi..rn1ation in Nant Tysol [ l924-26 CSRLS 6]. Bro-Hedyn -(SN 3 07-4l l )[bro + tn. (Tre]hedyn] ; If the earliest form o f 1 7 1 3 i s to

however

Brohedyn OS 1 904

Trehedyn was an alias ofAtbar (l l -a). Bronfallen -(SN 3 3 8-4 1 0)[bron + yr + afallen] ; [vr:m'valen E. Thomas] cott. 1 8 1 5 in 1 793sur rnap

Bronorwen

-(SN 342-425)[bron + ?

]; [br�n'�rwen

E. Thomas]

Bron Ayn.x�en 1 564rent, Bron Yr Wen 1 6 5 1 rent, Tyr Bron Onven 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson MS p. 1 69, Brinorwen 1 724PR Llandyfr1og, Brononven 1 734PR Llandyfr1og, Bronnev1en (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bron­ oerwen O S 1 8 34, Bron-or.v-en 1 83 9TIAS, Bron-oer-wen O S 1 89 1 , Bron-onven OS 1 904 The sec.ond element seems to ID.atch the present-day f pn. expected dialectal form

*Ow-wen

Ewwen (but not Eirwen � eira + gwen), i..n its Orwen (cf Pant-houlwen, 1 4-a). However

which then regularly became

Eurwen, as a girl's name - as far as I know - is a contemporary coiPing, so that it seems unlikely that have this particular name.

If

we can ignore the 1 564 form as a folk-etymology,

making -onven

we

the

gonven, of an adjective gonvyn 'bright, resplendent', though we inkli.'lg in the vv'fitten forms of (Y) Fronorwen; cf. the unlocated tn. Allt Dolont'en 1 5 87 (BaTJil) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 3 1 ] ; hn. Gorwen, the earliest form of which is Gwrwern c . l 603 [ 1992 PN Pembs: 1 3, 78, 83] ; cf Oernant (2 1-a) for variation between . Bridgend -(SN 3 08-409)[E. bridge + end] ; [bnd3'end E. Thomas] \Ve may have the fell'..inine form,

originaL have

no

�

Y Tuy nevr;dd Yrnhen y Bont (prox.) 1 6 1 0 Cilg\V)'Il I M ...S S , Y Ty nevvydd Ymhenybont (prox. ) 1 63 1 Cilgwj'Il

I

l\1S S , The

House by Pen y Bont (prox. ) I MSS , Tir Pen y Bont

Hire (prox.) 1 702 Cilg\\')'!1

1 679/80 Cilgwyn

I

l\1S S, Tuy in Pen y Bont als. Tuy

Attpar (prox.) 1 720 Nouadd MSS , Y Ty newidd ym

Hen y Bont (prox.) 1 722 Cilgvvyn I MS S Opposite the Chinese restaurant

Brynamlwg

[iro.f. E. Thomas] .

-(SN 3 09-4 1 3)[bryn + arnlwg] ;

Br;n-arrJwg OS 1 89 1

Bryncelyn

-(SN 33 5-4 1 8)[bryn + celyn] ;

[brDJ'kelm

E. Thomas]

Brynce]yn (sign)

Bryndenven -( SN 3 05�4 1 2) [brjm + derwen] ; Br;n-denven O S 1 904, Offices OS 1 982

Bryn-mawr -(SN 3 1 0-41 4)[bryn + mawr]; [brm'mowr

E. Thorrms]

(c) Park Bryndiodde (prox. ) 1 773sur map, BI)'I1-dyoddef O S 1 891

Bryndiodde-isa

-(SN 3 1 1 -4 1 6)[brjm + y

+ dioddef (+

isaf) ] ;

[brmdi,�e'i..fa & atpar'farm, (c) hrnv,brmdi'o�

0. Jones], Atpar Hill, is c-alled' Bryn diodde' 1 850 J. James p. l 6, Bryndiade 1 876 ECE MS SD 527 1 4, Bryndioddef­ isaf OS 1 904, ar Frindiodde (dialect) 1 909 W.E. Evans, Bryndioddef 1 924-26 CSRLS 6,

(c)

i Riv·;

BI)ndioddef 1 953 \VFl\1 rvrs 1 650/12 p. 67, Br;n-diodde' 1 976 S . Gv,r.Davies p. 44, Bryndioddef-isaf + Atpar Farm OS 1 982 The

�isa

is in opposition to

Bryndiodde�ucha als. Penlon(i) ( l l-a). As

168

[1850: 16] N out of Atbar

suggested by J. James

Bryndiodde was a site of execution situated - strategically - at the top of the }ljll leading

(1 1 ) IS-COED (l l�a),

just like Highbury, the scene of many executions in the Bristol area, sited on top of St 1\.1ichaels

Hill. Sites of execution tended to be on the boundaries of borough jurisdictions

b), Banc-y-warin

�

cf

Penbryndiodde (65-

(1-b) - but this is not the c-ase with this site, it is possible that this place-name is a

rew.i.11der of an earlier and more restricted jurisdiction of At� ...r borough; cf Bryngwenith -(SN 340-434) [bryn + tn.

[Pant-y-] g•.venith ( 1 1-a)] ; [kapel ,briiJ'gwem8

Cnwc ( 1 1 -a). 0. Jones]

Bryngwenith 1 84 l cens. , Capel Bryn=gwenith (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Bryngwenith, LlangurJlo c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Chapel + Vestry O S 1 982 b. l 83 4 [{). 1 902

E. R. Horsfall-Tu.rner: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawl:iP. s: 1 07] ; enl. 1 854, 107]; by now a little village [inf. o. Jones] . Bryngwenllan -(SN 341 -43 7)[bryn + tn. [Blaen]gwenllan (l l-a)] ; [brm'gwenian

graveyard 1 867 [1 987 B. J. RawliP.s: 0. Jones]

Bryn-Gwenllan OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1 -1 904 [OS 1891 ; OS 1 904]. Brynhyfryd -(SN 3 3 2-4 1 5) [bryn +

hyfryd] ; [brm'havnd

0. Jones]

BrJn.�yfi:yd (sign) Bwlch-newydd -(SN 3 48-42 l )[bwlch + newydd];

[bulx;'newi

E. Thomas, 0. Jones]

Bwlchne\\l)'dd OS 1 982 Cafn-bach -(SN 3 1 7-426)[cafn (+ bach)] ;

Cavan bach 1 72 1 Coedmor MS 5 1 8, Cavan bach 1 730PR Llandyfr1og, Cavan bach 1 773 sur map Cafn-mawr -(SN 3 1 9-427)[cafn (+

ma-\vr)] ;

[ka·van 0. Jones]

Cafan 1 700 Cilgvl)rn I MSS , Cavan mawr 1 72 1 Coedmor

MS

5 1 8, Cafanmawr 1 725PR Llandyfr1og,

Cafn-ma\\lf 08 1 834, Cafar1, Cafan-ma\\lf 1 83 9Th1S, Cefn (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Cavan-mawr O S 1 904, Cafan Farm 0 S l 982 This refers no doubt to the shape of the valley, or possibly more pa..rticularly to the southern side of the valley of the Ceri in this area. Castell HenUys -(SN 3 4 1 -409)[tn. Castell Henllys ( 1 1 -b)); [kastcl 0. Jones]

Castell Henllys 1 83 5PR Llandyfr1og, Castell OS 1 8 91

CasteUpen;-hyn -(SN 3 1 2-425) [tn. Castellpenrhyn (Lla.."ldygai, Caerns.)?];

Castell Pemyn 1 773sur map,

(c) Pen Penrhyn,

Pen Pendryn 1 924-26 CSRlS 6

By 1 839 [ 1 839TivfS] this site had been abandoned, with a holding of two fields (csl65-66) held by a certain John Morris, who also ovmed land in

Penrhyn ( l l�a) als. Penrhyn Castle Castellpenrhyn.

Atbar

(1 1 -a) [ 1 8391MS] , see

.f\.!orris Row

(1 1 -a). The house called

i.11 the village of Llandyfr1og, may have been inspired by a memory of

Cefn -(SN 3 5 1 -4 1 7){cefn] ;

Cefen 008 1 8 1 1 , Cefn O S 1 8 9 1 Cilgwyn - ( S N 3 1 2-400)[cil + gW)rn] ;

[krlgwm

0. Jones, a'pla:s E. Thomas]

Emlyn Cottage OOS 1 8 1 1 , Emlyn Cottage 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg\vy, Emlyn Cottage 1 83 9Tiv'!S, Cilgwyn OS 1 89 1 , o'r Cilgwin (dialect) 1 909 W.E. Evans, Cottage 1 924-26 C SRLS 6, Cilgwyn Hotel O S 1 982 b. bet. 1 773-1 8 1 1 [ 1 773sur map; OOS 1 8 1 1 ]; origL11ally knovvn as

Emlyn Cottage (of which there is no mention

by S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 1 36-37]) this place had emulated the name of Hen-Gilgwyn ( 1 1 -a) by 1 89 1 .

Cilgwyn Arms -(SN 3 1 3-42 l )[tn.

Cilg\vyn (l l -a) + E.

anr..s ];

Cilgv.'Yn LL\,.rms (P. H. ) OS 1 89 1 Cii-llech -(SN 322-429)[cil + y

+ llech] ;

[ki'ie:x 0 . Jones]

Tythyn F...il y Llech 1 593 Nouadd MSS ,

Kill

Llech 1 650rent, Killlech 1 729PR Llandyfriog, Cil y Llech

1 762 F. Green MSS vol. 25 p.48, Cillech 1 773sur map, Kil-llech 1 777PR Llangynllo, Cil Llech 1 787sur map, Cillech OS 1 89 1 , Cillech 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.J', Cil-llech OS 1 834, Cil Llech 1 839Tl\1S, Cil-llech OS 1 89 1 Cilrhiwau -(SN 3 3 1 -4 1 5) [t n Cilrhiwau (Manordeifi, Pembs.)] ;

[kd'riWe E.

Thow..as, krl 'hriWe 0. Jones]

inf Cf

Cilrhiwau (14-a).

Cnwc -(SN 3 1 0-41 0)[cnwc] ;

in 1 922 G.Evart..s p.85, Y Tuy ar y Cnoock in Trehedyn 1 6 1 0 in Trehedin 1 63 1 Cilgwyn M....SS , Y Tuy yn Trerhed;rn 1 647 Nouadd MS S , Ty ar y Knwck in Trehedin 1 722 Cilgvvyn I M�S , Atpar Hill l 822 l\1.Richardson M....S 208, Adfar

Y

Ty ar y Cnwc in Trehedyn 1 6 1 0/1 1

Cilgwyn MSS ,

Y

Ty ar y Knwck

Hill 1 824 Brom\)'dd l\1SS, Cnwc ? 1 827PR L1andyfhog, Adpar Hill l 83 3 BRi\ ( 1 955) l\1S S p. 88, Atpar

1 69

(1 1 ) IS-COED Hal1 1 832 Bronv.)'dd J\1SS, Atpar Hil1 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p. 550, A dpar Hil1 1 839TI.1S, Adr­ hill 1 84l cens., Ad�....r OS 1 891 EYistent [ 1 773sur map] . The building of a..11 "elegant villa" [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): L550] is likely to explain the clt.ange of name from Cnwc to Atbar Hill. IneYistent [ os 1 904] ; refers to Afownt (1 1-b). The name At bar Hill generally referred to Rlziw Bryndiodde (see sub Bryndiodde-isa, 1 1-a) . Coedlannau -(SN 342-409)[coedlannau] ; (k:ljd'lane 0. Jones] Coedlarm.au OS 1 982 Tltis P.ame (possibly emulating Coedlannau, 1 5-a) replaced Perth-y-fedwen as the farmh.ouse [inf o. Jones] . Corrws-fach -(SN 3 5 1 -4 1 2) [ ? (+ bach)] ; C\VIT\vs-fach O S 1 834, Cv.lfrws-fach 1 839T1\1S, Feli11 C\\lfrws (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Cwrnvs O S 1 982 Since at least 1 891 this place has been known as A1elin Cant's; see A1elin Con-t'S ( 1 1 -a). Corrws-fawr -(SN 3 47-41 8)[ ? (+ mawr)] ; [kurus E. \Villia..111.s , kurus 0 . Jones] Korrws, Parke Korn.vs 1 564rent, or Gorws c. 1 600 Egerton MS 1 586 p. 74, Cornvs c. 1 603 in 1 948 �JLWJ vol. 5 p.272, Corrwis 1 65 1 rent, T)lf Park Cwrv.,IS 1 71 3 J\1.Richardson 1\1S 1 69, Cwrrws va\\lf 1 725 BRA. ( 1 955) J\1S S p.48, Cv.lfnvs 1 768 Llanllyr J\1SS, C\\lf\vsfav.'f OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvvrnvs 1 8 1 7PR Llandyfriog, Cwrrws fawr OS 1 834, Cwrws-fawr OS 1 89 1 The affection o f t o due t o vowel harmony is regularly found in CardigaP.shire Welsh, cf. morthwyl ---+ mur&l, botwn ---+ butun. The meaning of this P.ame is obscure to me, though it appears to contain the root cor 'short', as for the ending, cf. Gwnnwys (53-a), and J1.1abws als. 1vfab-wys (4 9-a); cf. •.

Cant'S (SN 42�3 1 , Llanfih2r_.gel�ar�ar+.h, Carms.). Cros -(SN 3 40-414)[cros] ; [kr:ls E. Thomas, kr;>s'ro�d

0. Jones] Groes-ffordd O S 1 834, Croes-ffordd 1 83 9Th1S, Cross Ffordd 1 84l cens. , Cross Roads (P.H. ) OS 1 89 1 , Cross Roads OS 1 982 This name demonstrates that the original term croes.ffordd \vas supplanted by eros, see Pencros (8�b). Cwmdu-isa -(SN 3 09-426)(cwm + du (+ isaf)]; Cwm-du-isa 1 773sur map Cwmdu-ucha -(SN 3 1 1 -427)[cvnn + du (+ uchaf)] ; [ kom di : 0. Jones] Cwm�du�ycha 1 773sur map, Cwmdu, Cwmdu 1 83 9Tl\1S, Y Cwmdu 1861 Brython p.2 1 7, o'r Cwmdu 1 868 B.\Villiams p. 3 1 0, Ty=newydd OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cvnndu (prox. bridge) & Cwmdu Cottage O S 1 982 The name is the same as an alias of Abersylltyn (7-a) some 300m away; composed of �5 cottages [1 861 Brython: 21 7]; a pentre at one time [inf E. Thomas] . Cwmwem( i) -(SN 33 5-41 8)[cv.m + y + gwem] ; [kom'wern, now wern'de:g & tegvan E. Thow.as] C>vvmwern 1 8 14PR Llandyfr1og, Cwm-wern OS 1 89 1 , \Verndeg + Tegfan (sign) Cwmwem( ii) -(SN 3 3 5-420)[tn. Cwmwern (i) (1 1 -a)] ; [kum'wern 0. Jones] C\\m-v·;ern OS 1 982 Cwrcoed -(SN 305-4 1 6)[cwr + y + coed]; [kur'k:l·jd E. Thorr..as, 0. Jones] C\\rr y Coed 1 58 1 Cilgvvyn I MSS, Kwr y Koed 1 581 Coedmor MS 64, Tir Cwr y Coed 1 623 Coedmor M.S 554, Tir Cur y Coed 1 629 Coedmor MS 85, Cwrr y Coed 1 640 Coed.rnor MS 5 56, Tir Cvifrr y Coed 1 670/7 1 Coedmor MS 94, Tyr Cur y Coed 1 679/80 Cilgv;yn I MSS , Tyr Cur y Koed 1 688 Coedmor l\18 97, Carycoed 1 700 CilgW'Jil I MSS , Currey Coed 1 721 Coedmor M.Ji 5 1 8, Curry Coed 1 72 1 Cilgw•;n I MS S, Cv.rycoed 1 728PR Llandyfriog, Cv.lfcoed 1 773sur map, Cv.'fcoed 1 785 Cilgwyn I J\1S S, Gv.'fcoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvv'f-coed OS1 834, Cvv-rcoed 1 83 5PR Llandyfriog, Cv.lf�coed OS 1 89 1 , Cwrcwed (dialect) 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 1 20, at G\\rrcwed (dialect) 1 909 W.E.Evans Ddoi -(SN 332-41 1 )[y + dol] ; [3o:l 0. Jones] Dol y Velin 1 578 Nouadd 1\1SS, Ddol 1 823PR Llandyfriog, Ddol Rectory 1 825PR Llandyfri:og, Ddol 1 839Tl\1S, Ddol OS 1 891 Ddolbica -(SN c. 3 1 4-408)[y + dol + pica]; Y Ddol Bicka 1 6 1 0 CilgW';n I l\1SS , Ddol Bicka vach 1 625/26 Cilgvo.'Yn I MSS, Y Ddol Bycka 1 63 1 Cilgwyn l\1SS, Y Ddol Bicki..r1 1 647 Nouadd l\1SS, Y Ddole Bicca 1 679/80 Cilgwyn I MSS, Y Ddol Byiia 1 688 Coedmor J\1S 97, Y Ddol Bicka vawr 1 722 Cilgwyn I MJiS, (c) Ddol Bicca 1 773sur rrmp In borough of At bar [ 1 688 Coed.'llor MS 97] ; the pica refers to the marked meander of the river Tei:fi, upon approacr..i.."lg Newcastle Emlyn (Cann s.). Derwen Gardens -(SN 305-412) [tn. [Bryn]denven (l l -a) + E. gardens] ; Denven Gd11s O S 1 982 '

170

( 1 1 ) IS-COED A housing estate.

Derwenlas

-(8N 3 3 0-4 1 4) [derwen + glas];

[derwen'la:s

0. Jones]

Derwenlas (sign)

Dolau-Llawgam

-(8N 3 3 3 -4 1 3)[dolau + hn. Llawgam] ;

(do·le

0. Jones]

Dol Llawgam 1 73 1PR Llandyfri:og, Dolau-Llawgam 1 8 1 5 in 1 793sur map, Dolellawgam 1 820PR Llandyfri:og, Doleu-Llawgam, Dolau-Llawgam 1 8 3 91M8, Dol-ellau-gam 0 8 1 8 9 1 , Dolau-llaw-gam 08 1 904

DOigoch

-(SN c.3 00-41 5) [dol + coch];

'Y Ddol-goch' fl. l 3 65 DG p. 3 6, Place y Ddol Goch 'at Atbar' 1 548 Coedmor M8 57, Park y Ddol Goch 1 570 Coedmor M8 63, Dole Goche 1 58 1 Coedmor MS 64, Tir y Ddolgoch 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I M88, Dolgoch 1 621 Coedmor M8 68,

Y Ddol Goch 1 63 9 Cilgwyn I M8 8, The Dolegoch 1 700 Cilgwyn I

MS8 , Dolegoch 1 72 1 Coedmor M8 5 1 8, Dolegoch isha 1 722 Coedmor MS 1 1 2, (c48) Ddol Goch, (c25) Ddol GOch ycha 1 773sur map, Dolgoch 1 832PR Llandyfriog,

Y Ddolgoch ? (dialect) 1 909 W.E.Evans,

(c) Ddolgoch 1 924-26 CSRL8 6

This is doubtlessly the location of the Dolgoch mentioned in Dafydd ab Gwilym's poetry as the residence of his uncle Llywelyn ab Gwilym, who was at the time constable of Newcastle Emlyn. It is a likelier candidate than Dolgoch (7-a), 4km N of Newcastle Emlyn

[pace c. l 757 L. Morris: 1 25 ; B. Williams in 1 86 1 Brython: Dolgoch (SN 3 5 1 -401 , Llangeler, Carms.), 4km E of Castell­ newydd [pace 1 899 D. E. Jones: 98-100, map fac. p . l ; c . l 950 E. S. James: 4; 1984 D. J. Bowen: 165] (the latter location being identified with nearby Llys-newydd (SN 3 53-399) by T. Parry [ 1 952: xv] ; after D. E. Jones [ 1 899: 99]) 1 66; 1 903 G. Evans : 27; 1 967 S. Gw. Davies: 58-59 ] , or

The description " I'th lys deg yn Emlyn" seemingly places it on the Carmarthenshire side, but the course o f the Teifi may have changed i n this place since the fourteenth century (cf Nevertheless, it is this

Dolgoch - the

nearest place, as well

as

Castell Henllys,

1 1 -a) .

being a sixteenth century mansion - that

best suits a residence of a medieval constable of Newcastle Emlyn

Dyffrynteifi -(8N 3 32-4 1 4)[dyffryn + hn.

Teifi];

[d1frm

0. Jones]

Dyffryn Tei:fi (sign)

Eaglebush

[ig�l'buJ

-(8N 3 3 9-409) [E . eagle + bush];

Eaglebush

0. Jones]

inf

Existent [ 1 8391MS ] . It would seem that this name in Llandyfri:og was inspired partly by the nearby Allt-yr­

erydd (1 1 -b),

and partly by the mansion called Eaglesbush (SS 75-96, Neath, Glaros.) which was the home since

at least c. 1 700 to a wealthy coal-owning family named Evans. This is made likelier by the fact that

H. E . of Castellhywel (14a) [ 1824 D . Davis: 1 90 ] , which seems to imply that he had connections with Cardiganshire. The tn. Llwyn-yr­ eryr (Llandough, Glaros.) was suspected by Gw. 0. Pierce [ 1 968: 1 1 7] of being an emulated name. Fairview -(SN 3 09-4 1 0)[E. fair + viewt Evans, of Eaglesbush (Neath, Glaros.), was a subscriber t o Telyn Dewi by Dafydd Dafis

Fairview 08 1 89 1 , Llanybri 08 1 904

Ffatri Aber -(SN 3 54-4 1 8) [ffatri + tn.

Aber[banc] (1 3-a)] ;

[fatrilabarlbaiJk, fatri'aber E.

Thomas]

Woollen Factory O S 1 8 9 1

Fforest -(8N 3 0 1 -4 1 7) [fforest]; Forest of Atbar 'to w of Atbar' 1 563 Coedmor M8 5 9, Forest Dapper 1 569 Coedmor M8 69,

Y Fforest

Attpar 'on W' 1 63 7 Coedmor MS 8 9, Tyr Fforest Attpar 1 63 9 Cilgwyn I MS 8, At Par Forrest 1 685rent, The Forrest 1 700 Cilgwyn I MSS, The Fforrest 1 72 1 Cilgwyn I MS8, Forest 1 72 1 Coedmor M8 5 1 5, Forest Attparr 1 722 Coedmor M8 1 1 2, Fforest 1 727PR Llandyfr!og, Tythin Fforest Appar 1 754 Cilgwyn I MS8 , Forest F. 008 1 8 1 1 , Forest 008 1 8 1 2, Fforest 0 8 1 834, Forest 1 83 9TM8, Fforest 0 8 1 89 1 , a'r Fforest (dialect) 1 909 W.E .Evans, Fforest isaf & uchaf 1 924--26 C8RL8 6 Leased to John Lloyd, Cilgwyn [ 1 685rent] ; rents

Ffrwdwen

-(8N 3 1 0-408) [ffrwd + gwen] ;

from Fforest Atbar [ 1 876 ECE MS SD 527 14 ] . [emhn'faktri E. Thomas]

Ffrwdwen Atpar 1 834PR Llandyfri:og, Ffrwd-wen Factory (Woollen) 08 1 89 1 , (c) Ffrwd Wen, Ffrwd Wen ganol (prox. ) 1 922 G.Evans p. 60

was established [inf. E. Thomas ] . [fm:m'vajr 0. Jones, O.Rees]

This was a thatched cottage before the factory

Ffynnonfair -(SN 344-446)[ffynnon + f pn.

Mair] ;

FfYnnon Vayer 1 65 1 rent, Tir Ffynnon Vair 1 684 Bronwydd M88, Ty'r Ffynnon Faer c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 9 1 , Ffinnon Vayre 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Ffynnon vawr 1 743 Bronwydd M8 S, FfYnon vawr 1 743

171

(1 1 ) IS-COED Bromvydd l\1S S , Ffynnon Fair 1 782PR Llangynllo , 1 8 1 8PR L1angynllo , Ffyrt..non-fair 1 845TMS, Ffya11on-fair OS 1 89 1 See Llanfair Trejlygen (1 1 -a). Ffynnonoer -(SN 3 1 3-425)[£fynnon + oer]; Ffynnon Oer 1 73 1PR Llandyfr1og, Ffynt1onoer 1 760CF, Ffynnon Oer 1 773 sur map, 008 1 8 1 1 , Ffynnonor 1 83 3PR Llandyfr1og Ficrej -(SN 3 3 1 -4 1 3)[E. vicarage]; [vdc..red3, now gri:n'h�rst 0. Jones] Bromvydd MSS, Finnon Vair 1 776

Ffynno nfair

O OS 1 8 l l , Ffh:nnon Fair

Ff.;tJ...'1onore

Vic. O S 1 982

Th..is replaced the older vicarage at Abertrosol (ll-a). Fronddei -(SN 3 3 5�42 1 ) [y + bron + de l] ; [vr:m'i')e:l E. Thomas,

0. Jones]

Fron-dale OS 1 89 1

Frongoch

-(SN 3 34-41 6)(y + bron + coch] ;

Vrongoch

1 814PR Llandyfr1og,

[vr:Jg'go:x E .

Thomas,

br:Jg'go:z 0.

Jo nes]

Frongoch (sign)

Garregwen(i) -(SN 3 3 3-424)(Llwchrhal) [y + c.arreg + gwen] ; [gareg'wen E. Thomas, 0. Jones] Y Game Wen ? 1 552 Bronwydd MSS , Garreg Atpar 1 8 28PR L1andyfhog, Gareg-wen OS 1 891 Garregwen(ii) -(SN 309-4 1 2)(LAtbar)[y + carreg + gwen] ; Garreg-wen OS 1 904 Gat Atbar -(SN 3 09-41 2) [gat + tv_ Atbar (1 1 -a)] ; Newcastle Tumpi.lce Gate 1 773 sur map, T. Gate OOS 1 8 1 2, Atpar Gate 1 8 1 4PR Llandyfr1og, Turnpike 1 820PR Llandyfriog, Adpar Toll House 1 924-26 CSRLS 6 Gat Henhafod -(SN 3 1 5-400) [gat + tn. HenJ:...afod ( 1 1 -a)] ; [Cc) t:lp,hnw'ga:t (part of road below Henhafod) E . Thoro..as] T.P. O S 1 89 1 , Gat Henhafod 1 924-26 CSRLS 6

Pontceri (l 1 -a)] ; in Cwmcoy 1 947 TS 21/1 1/47 Glandlvr -(SN 334-41 7) [g 1an + y + dV.T] ; [ian'du:r E. Thmnas] Gat Pontceri

-(SN 296-41 9)[gat + tn.

T.P. O S 1 8 9 1 , The 'Gate'

L.andwr (sign)

Goedengam -(SN 3 3 0-4 1 4) [y + coeden + cam] ; [g:Jjden'gam, nmv derlujn E. Thomas ] 1.'1£ Hen-Gilgwyn -(SN 3 1 6-41 8)[(hen +) cil + gwyn] ; [he:n'gdgwm E. Thomas, o:ld'kdgwr_n 0. Jones] ¥Jlg\vyn 1 546 NLW �AS 291 2 p . 7, Y Kilgwyn c. 1 569 RepWl\ASS vol. 1 pt.2 p. 895, Keilgwyn 1 576 Bronvl';dd M_.SS, ¥Jlgv.')'n 1 578map C. Saxtm1, Kilgwin 1 583 Nouadd JV!SS , Killg\'vyn 1 625/26 Cilg\\')'ll I �.1SS , Kil Gv.ynn 1 685rent, Killgwynn 1 760map E.Bowen, F...ilg\V)-T..ll 1 760CF, Killg\\'yntt 1 765rnap E . Bo wen

I

et al. , Kilg>vvyn

1 767PR Llandyfr1og,

Kilgwynn,

Kilgwyn 1 773sur rr.ap, C ilgwyn 1 795 Cilgvvyn

MS S, Cilg-wyn 1 803map J. Singer, Cilgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cil-gwy:n OS 1 834, Cilgwyn 1 83 9TMS, Cilgwyn

OS 1 89 1 , Old Cilgwy:n O S 1 904

Teifi; c£ Cilgwyn (1 1-a). Henhafod -(SN 3 14-400)[hen + hafod] ; [kdgwm'bd3 0. Jones] (cs48, 5 1�52) Park Hen-havod, Park bach Hen=havod 1 773sur map, Henhafod 1 829PR Llandyfr1og, Hen The location of this place is quite a large 'nook' abutting on the valley of the river

Hafod OS 1 834, S outh Lodge OS 1 89 1 , East Lodge OS 1 904, R.hen Hafod (dialect) 1 909 W. E.Eva:ns

I have assu..rned that the site of Henhafod was (c276) [ 1 839Th.1 S], wPich in the later ni..1t1e eenth century was a lodge to Cilgwyn (1 1-a); cf Gat Henhafod (1 1 -a). L!ai."l -(SN 349-42 1 ) [llai.'1] ; [lajn, iajn'br3nwi E. Thmr..as, tajn'br3n\n{') 0. Jones] BlaengwevJlais (sic), 'called' Llai:n 1 780 Bromvydd MSS , Cwrrws Bav..k, Currus Bav..k (prox. ) 1 803 Bro mvydd MSS, (c) Llainymyrron 'pt. of Currus BaP.k 1 82 1 Bronwydd MSS, Llain 1 8 1 3PR Llandyfri:og, Llain OS 1 834, Llain OS 1 89 1

Troed-y-rhiw (l l-a) [ 1780 Bromvydd MSS], but a s its site was at the head of the stream Trosol, the unsuitable alias Blaengwenllais seems to stand for Blaengwenllan (l l�a). The 1 821 form is for Llainymryson 'the s lang of dispute', and it was in dispute between Bronwydd (1 3-a) and Penbeili-bach (1 1 a) [ 1 821 Bromvydd ·Mss] , a dispute won by Bromvydd judging by the present designation as Llain Bromvydd. Llai.-.garreglwyd -(SN (ii)3 34-437)[!1ai.11 + y + carreg + llwyd] ; [!ajn 0. Jones, iajn'gareg '!ujd 0. Rees, 0. Jo nes] Llain, Llain-garreg- h\yd OS 1 834, Llaingarreglwyd 1 83 3PR Llandyfr1og, Llain OS 1 891 , Llain Garregllvv'yd O S 1 904, Llain Garregllwyd 0Sc. 1 95 0, (pn ) Dafi Dafis Llain als. Sar y Llain 1 963 D . Davies This 'Nas part o f

& W. T. Hughes p. 3 1 , Greystone OS 1 982

1 72

(1 1 ) IS-COED i) SN 332-436. 1 839. ii) SN 334-437. Llandyfriog(i) -(SN 322-4 1 1 )[1lan + pn. Tyfr1og] ; [reglus 0. Jones] a Thyuriawc yg Keredigyawn Is Coet 1 200% ByS p. 57, Lantheveryok 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Llandebriauk 1 3 5 5 NL\:V l\.1S 1 404-E p. l l 1 , Llande-vriok 1401 ERSt-David p. 206, Llandevrioke 1 53 5 VE p. 395, Llandivrieoge 1 550 Nouadd l\.1S 340, Dyfrioc c. 1 566EPC, Llandevrriok 1 569 Cilgwyn I 1\1SS, Llandeureog 1 578ro..ap C. Saxton, 'Llandyfriog' 1 587 Nouadd MSS, Llandevriogg 1 607 Prob. St-David, Llandeveriog 1 629 Cilgv.;yn I M�S, Llandevriogg 1 650rent, Llandevriog 1 698 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 0, L!andefriog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 92, Llandufriog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.91 , Lhanddv.rfreiog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 92, LlandevPJOg 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Llandevryogg 1 72 1 Cilgvl}rn I J\t1SS, Llandevriog 1 739 Pengelli 1\1SS, Llandyfriog 1 747PR Llandyfr1og, Llandyfriog 1 760map E.Bmven, Llanydfjriog 1 79 1 Bromvydd �ASS, Llandyfjfiog 1 792 Bronwydd lVISS, Llandefriog 1 796 Bromvydd MSS, Llandifriog 1 797 Bromvydd MS S, Plwyv Dyvnog (sic) 1 799EPC, Llandifriog 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Llandivriog 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. l 36, Llandyfriog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llandyfriog Church 1 81 5 in 1 793sur w.ap, Lland\vriog 1 823 Manordeifi MSS p. 1 0, Llan Dyvr1og 1 833 S .Le\:vi.s ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. 55, Llandifriog 1 834PR Henllan, Church 1 839TJ\If..S, St. Dyfriog's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ch OS 1 982 Dedicated to T}frlog [ 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 1 87]; G[wyl] D}friog, abad, first of May [1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.] . Accor ding to the older Breton Uita Sancti Biioci [c.850(l l t� . ent.): 164] Brioccius was a native of Ceredigion, his parents being Cerpus and Eldmda. He is the patron saint of St Brieuc (Cotes-d'Annor, Brittany), St Breock (Cornwall), and was also culted at St Briavels (Gloucs.), whose former name was Little Ly&1ey. "Significantly, perhaps, there was a Romano-British dedication to Nodens \vho again appears as Nudd Hael i...'1 Tyfriog's Welsh pedigree. This may mean that the sai..."lt's origin's were ultimately mythologicaL which vvould be in line vvith the occurrence of his feast on 1 May, one of the mai..'l . festivals of the pagan Celtic calendar. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 395], the south-eastern Wales connection of his antecedents is made by a later medieval Welsh tradition with Tyfri'og being the son of Dingad ab Nudd Hael [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 87], his father Dingad, probably to be equated with the eponym of Llanddingad (Ivions.), and Llandingad (Carms.), though one pedigree makes Dingad the son of Brychan of Brycheinog [1 967-70 M. Richards: 95]. There was a popular etymology of Llandyfri'og first noted by E. Lhuyd [c.l700: 3 . 92 ] : "Tis derived quasi Lhanddl1-freiog because it is just by the river Teifi which is famous for its eogiaid Anglice 'saLmons'.", is wholly Lflcorrect, but accounts for the placement of the figure of a salmon rather than a cockerel on the top of the church's spire. The church is separate from the present village of Llandyfri'og(ii) ( 1 1 -a). LLAl'.1J>YFRiOG(ii) -(SN 330-41 4)[tn. Llandyfriog(i) (ll-a)]; {lamh'vdrj:;g T. S. :M:ofiis, landd'VdljJg 0. Jones, 0. Rees] Llandyfriog OS 1 89 1 , Llandyfriog OS 1 982 See Pentre Llandyfri'og ( 1 1 -a). Compri.si.11g: l) .ALLT-YR-ESGOB, 2) .AJlt-fach, 3) Bane, 4) Den:venlas, 5) Goedengam, 6) Penba.flc, 7) Penrhyn, 8) Pensarn�u, 9) Tanffordd, 1 0) TY-newydd. L!anfair Treflygen -(SN 343-441 )[llan + fpn. 1\!Jair + tP� Treflygen] ; [!anver,tre'vligen 0. Jones] 'rectorem' Treflyg�n 1 3 55 NL\lf J\.1S 1 404-E p. l l l , 'Llanfair Trelygen' 1 54 1 /42 Coedmor 1\1S 270, Llanvayre Treflygen 1 552 Bronwydd l\.1SS, Llanveir Trelygen 1 562 Bromvydd 1\tf...S S , Llanvair Dreve Lygen, Treflygen (prox. ) 1 564rent, Ll. Fair Tref Lygen c. l 566EPC, Llanfair Trelegen 1 568 NT�W MS 2912 p.3 1 , Llanuaier Treligon 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanfair Treligen 1 596 NLW MS 2912 p. 65, Llanffair Tref Helygen c. 1 600 L.Dw'P..n vol. 1 p. 83, Llanvair Helygen c. 1 600 L.Dv.T..n vol. l p. l 9, Llanvair Trev!ygen 1 6 1 3 Bronwydd 1\1SS, Llanvair Treflygen, (c) Llain Keven Llanvair 1 641 Bronwydd MSS, (c) Llain Keven Llanvaire 1 64 1 Bromvydd MSS, Trewligen, (c) Lline Trewligen (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Llanvair Drefligen 1 670 Bronwydd � 1SS, Llanvair Treflygan 1 675/76 Bronwydd MSS, Llanfaer Trefleigen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.93 , Llanvayre Trehy Lygen 1 734 Bromvydd MSS, Lanvayre Trelygen 1 736 Nouadd MSS , Llanvair Trefligen, (c) Llain Kevan Llanvair 1 73 7 Bronwydd MSS, Llanvertreheligon 1 743 Bronwydd MSS, Llanvair Trelygen 1 747PR Llandyfr1og, Llanvair Treflugen 1 754 Bromvydd 1\1S S , Llamvayre Trehy Lygen 1 758 Bromvydd J\1SS, Llanver Treligon 1 760IT'.ap E.Bowen, Llanver Treflugen 1 776 Bron\\ydd 1\1S S, Llanfair Trefligen 1 779 Bronv.ydd 1\1S S, Llanvair Treffiugen 1 783 Bronv.ydd l\ASS, Llanvair Trefhelyngen 1 784 Beckingsale �,..1SS vol 1 p.44, Llanver Trelygen 1 79 1 Bronw•jdd MS S , Llanvair Trev Lygen 1 799EPC, Llanvair Trelygon 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 138, Llan Fair Tre Lygon 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Fair Tre Lygon, Llanfer Trefligen OOS 1 8 1 1 , LlaP£air Treflygen OS1 8 34, Llanfair ..

1 73

(1 1 ) IS�COED 1 830PR Llandyfriog, Llanvair�Trelygon 1 83 3 S. Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p.5 50, Llan-fair�Tref-helygen 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 e.dn) vol.2 p. 121, Llanfair-Treflygen, St. M..ary's Church (in ruins) OS 1 891 , Llanvair Trevlygen als. Trev-helygen c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.208, St. M.-ary's Church 0Sc. l950, Llanfair Trefhelygen 1 966 CER vol.5 p. 3 86 A chapel annexed to Llandyfriog [ 1747PR Llandyfuog] ; ruined and disused c. l 758, from evidence of gravestones [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..'ner: 208]; "The church. . . \Vas suffered to fall into decay many years ago, for \Vant of due repair. " [ 1 8 3 3 S. Lev.'is (1 850 edn): 2.1 21); see F.fynnonfair ( l 1-a). The etymology \Vith helygen 'willow-tree' is very tempting, and ,�rould be very regular according to Welsh phonetics, but the forw..s with the requisite or appear o pJy i.11tewittently, and not amongst the earliest forms, and this does cast doubt However no other etymology can be offered, the pn. Llugan cannot be deduced from the frrst form which is a traP.script (rather than an original document), and \Vhose reading is uP.sure. The 1 784 form Trejhelyngen is rerni."liscent of some dialectal variants of llugaeron � llyngoeron . Lloyd Terrace -(SN 306-41 1)[E. sn. Lloyd + E. terrace] ; Llo yd Terrace OS 1 89 1 Thomas Lloyd, Cilgwyn ( 1 1 -a), mvned the land (1773surmap]. Llwchrhil-isa -(SN 3 3 1 -428)[llwch + yr + hal (+ isaf)] ; [lu:x,3,ra:l'i·Ja, formerly iu:x�,ra:l'de·vis 0. Jones, iu:x,a'hra:l E. Thorrm.s] Tyr Llwch yr Hael 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS p. 1 69, Llwchyrall 1 760CF, L!wchyr Hall als. Blaen.kill Leech als. Tyr James M�son 1 773 M.Fichardson MS p. l 85, Llwchyrhal issa OOS 1 8 l l , Lhvchyrhall-issa �ll 1 81 4PR Llandyfriog, Llwchyral l 8 1 5PR Troedrour, Llwchyrhall l 8 16PR PR Lla..11dy:fr1og, Llwch yr F 1 828PR Llangynllo, Llwch yr Hal 1 829PR Llandyfriog, Llwch-yr-hal- isaf OS 1 834, Llwchyrhalisa 1 834PR Llandyfr1og, Llwch'r-hal-isaf 1 8 3 9Tl\1S , Lhvch-yr=rnl OS 1 891 The element hal is found in the early twelfth century documents from south-eastern Wales, apparently with the meaning 'moor' (GPC s.v. ha13], tho ugh this seems to be only coPjecture on the part of GPC. A cognate term hal was com.11o1 n in Cornish meani.11g 'w..arsh', \vhich as 0. J. Padel [1985: 1 25] notes seems to be derived from a concept of 'dirty/standing \Vater', and originally 'dirt', cf OW. haloii 'dungs', OB. haloc 'dark', OI. sal 'dirt', salach 'filthy', perl1aps related to L. satiua [DGVB: 206). The Llandyfr'iog toponym refers to a tributary di..'lgle of the Llawgam river, of about 500m in length with a sn1all stream running t hrough it, unlikely to refer to a moor, so that the meaning of hal is probably one of the earlier ones, viz. 'marsh; stagp..ant \Vater; di.rt'. I. Williams (1 945: 58-60] w..ade an irrefutable case for llwch to mean 'stagrmnt body of water1 as opposed to llyn 'lake' (wf.ich suits the Cofllish and Breton examples of the \VOrd loch, which tend rr..aiPJy to be coastal pools [ 1986 o. I. Padel: 152; 1 975 B. Tap..guy: 96]; cf Cil-!lw.Jch (4-a). In conclusion I am in broad agreement with J. Rhys who a century ago [ 1 896 Cyrnru: 1 1 . 1 5 1 ] explained L r.vchrhal as 'llyn y llaid', comparing hal -...-.h ..rit a derivative halogi. H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.455] thought L lmt'esheli (SN 90-49, Brees.) might contaL.""l a plural of this very hal; see sub Llanbadarn-favv'r (66-a). The Cornish hal is supposed to have developed to mean 'moor', and later 'upland, hill' [1985 O. J. Padel: 125] , though I suspect that the later forw.s meaning 'hill', such as hal bian 'hillock' [ 1 707 E. Lhuyd: 1 72a ], and halou 'hills' [ 1 707 E. Lhuyd: 245a] are derived from E . hill as attested in MC. as hellov (though the vocalism of the hal, halou forms of E. Lhuyd cannot be regularly explained). 0. J. Padel [1 985: 1 25 ] notes that: "l\1ost of the places called Pen.'mle are at the heads of marshy streams, or (i..'1 some cases) on valley sides, between the stream and the upland. "; cf Penna! (sub Blaenpennal, 9-a). The identification of the second element with the noun a/ 'calving' (B. al) is c-Onditional on the date of development of the south-western pronunciation hal (E. Lhuyd in 1 70 7 noted only al [ GPC s.v. al1 ]). Even if feasible, the meaning 'calving' is unli.lcely. If \Ve tmst the si.11gle earliest form of 1 71 3 v.re may have the meaning hael 'bounteous, generous', which see:rns only likely if Yr Hael refers to a person, rather than to the lhvch itself Llwchrhal-ucha -(SN 3 3 1 -43 1 ) [ llwch + yr + hal (+ uchat)] ; [1-u:x;},ra:l'IJC:aV 0. Jo nes] Llwchyrhal ucb..a OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwch-yr-hal-uchaf 0S l 834, Llwchyrhal ucha 1 83 2PR Llandyfnog, Lhvch'r­ hal-uchaf 1 83 9Th1S, Llwch-yr-hal-uchaf O S 1 891

Llwyncadfor �(SN 3 3 9- 42 7) [ llv.yn + pn. Cadfor]; [lujn'kadv=>r E. Thomas, 0. Jones] Lloyn Cadwr 1 564rent, Lloyn Kadvor 1 593/94 Cilgwyn I M..SS, Llwin Cadvor 1 65 1rent, Lhvyn Cadfo r 1 670 CD 60, Llwyn Cadvor c . 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt .3 . p. 93, Llwyncadfo r 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Llwyncadfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lhvyn-cad-for OS 1 834, Ll¥-'Yfl Cadfor 1 843 TMS There was talk of cadarnfh,Fyth Caduor and lh,Fyth cadarn Cadfor in a southern Ceredigion context by the thirteenth century poet Prydydd Bychan [1 996 Rh. M. i\ndre\vs et al. : 1 1 2 , 146], as well as llwyth Cadfor by 1 74

( 1 1 ) IS-COED the fourteenth centur; poet Llyv,;relyn Ddu ab y Pastard [1 996 A. P. Owen: 1 91 ] , which may have a connection vvith the Cadfor in this place-name. Contrary to the view expressed by .l\1. E. Owen ( 1 996 Rh. M. Andrews et a/. : 1 1 5] , Cadfor is not a reduction of the pn. Cadifor, but is derive-d from c-ad + m6r, found in OW as Catmor [c. l 1 40 LL: 279] ; cf Ca4for (SO 27-1 4, Lla11foist, Mons.). L�ndon -(SN 333-423)[E.tn. London] ; [l�nd�n, } 1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Penbont O S 1 904

Pencnwc

-(SN 363-407) [pen + y + cnwc];

Peny Cnwck 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS , Penycnwck 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pencnwc 1 83 9TMS, Pen­ cnwc OS 1 89 1

Pencnycau

-(SN 3 55 -4 1 6) [pen + y + cnyciau] ;

[pen'Ike E.

Williams]

Tythyn Pen y Knwck 1 6 1 1 Bronwydd MSS, Pen y Cnwcke 1 643 Bronwydd MSS, Pen Ylnwcke 1 6 5 1 rent, Pen y Knwcke 1 667/68 CD 59, Pen y Knucke 1 670 CD 60, Tyr Pen y Knwck 1 7 1 3 M Richardson MSS p. l 69, Tyr Penyknucke 1 73 7 Bronwydd MSS , Penknucke 1 73 7 Bronwydd MS S,

(c)

Pen y Cnwck Meadow als. Dolevawr 1773 MRichardson MS p. l 86, Penycnwc 1 772-73 T.Beynon CSCS {v.l. M.Richards} , Tyr Pen y Knwck als. Penknwcke 1 779 Bronwydd MSS, Pennwcke 1 800 Bronwydd MS S, Penycnuccau 1 800 Bronwydd MSS, Penycnuckeu 1 800PR Henllan, Pencnwcie OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-knuckau 1 823PR Llangynllo, Pencnykau 1 828PR Llangynllo, Pen-cnwciau OS 1 834, Pencnyce 1 83 4PR Henllan, Pencnwcau, Peny Cnwc 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cnwcau O S 1 89 1 , Pencnycau 1 904 J.Evans p.23 8, Penice 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 The peculiarity of the local pronunciation (attested as early as 1 800) - which shows the irregular attenuation of [-kn-] to [ -n-] (recalling an English phonetic development) - indicates that the connection with the constituting element cnyciau had been forgotten in speech. For other examples of the attenuation

Camwchwr (St Davids) � Karneknokher 1 326 ( 1 992 PN Pembs : 288) ; Cefnydfa As the connection with cnyciau had been forgotten in this place-name this proves also to be of interest because of the [1] realisation, rather than the expected [u] (cf. Cnycau (Cilgerran, Pembs.) knuke [inf ] ), which seems to demonstrate that forms with anomalous //ill predate the morphological refashioning of plurals such as cnyciau on the pattern of the singular cnwc, a of medial [-kn-] or [ g n ] , cf -

-

(Glams.)

�

Cefngnydfa

[ 1 997 Gw. 0. Pierce: 2 1 ] .

morphophonetic pattern specific to south-western Welsh in the twentieth century.

Pencwlen

-(SN 3 77-408)[pen + cwlen] ;

Bencoolen 1 808PR Bangor, (f.pn.) Nany Pencwllen 1 8 1 3PR Bangor, (pn.) John Pencwlen 1 824PR Bangor, Penkwlen 1 84 l cens. , Pen-cwlen O S 1 89 1 , Pencwlen 1 924-26 CSRLS 2

cwlen, derived Cologne (G. Koln,

This probably derives from a fancied resemblence of a hill or a field to a 'head-dress' (W.

Cwlen [1 923 T. H. Parry-Williams: 1 07) was Germany) � ME . Cullen [ 1 955 E. J. Dobson: 583 ] . Penffynnon - ( S N 3 98-41 0)[pen + y + ffynnon] ; [pen'fm:m E. Williams] from E.

cowl).

The tn.

also the Welsh for

Tir Pen Ffynnon y Fwyalch 1 5 5 5 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p . 77, Penyffynon c. 1 805PR Bangor, Pen:ffyno n n 1 8 1 0PR Bangor, Pen:ffynnon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penffynho n 1 827PR Llanfair Or11wyn, Pen-y-flYnnon OS 1 834, Penffynon 1 83 7TMS, Pen-y-ffynnon O S 1 89 1 , Pen:ffyno n n Farm O S 1 982

Pengallt -(SN 3 54-40 l )[pen + (g)alltL Pengallt 1 8 1 8PR Henllan, Pengallt 1 83 9TMS, Pengallt O S 1 982

Pen-hui -(SN 3 80-428)[pen + E.

hill] ;

[pen'hd E.

Williams]

Penhill 1 80 1 PR Bangor, Penhill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-hill OS 1 8 34, Penhill 1 839TMS, Pen-hil O S 1 89 1 , Pen-hill O S 1 904 The term

hu/ 'hill'

is not to be found in Welsh dictionaries, however it does seem to have been used in

Welsh, judging from the following toponyms:

Pen-hul (St John, Cardiff, Glams.), Penhyll, Penhill [ 1 53 5 in 1 938

B. G. Charles: 1 62] ; Pen-hul (SN 57-25, Llangathen, Canns.) [ 1 987 F. Jones: 49], Penhill [ 1 8�ent. RepWMSS: 1 .2.941 ] ;

Pen-hul (SN 77-3 1 , Myddfai, Carms.); Pen-hul (Clydai), Penhil/ 1 747, was a renaming of an earlier Ffosfantach ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 377 ] ; Pontrhul 2:S'p:mt'rd [ 1 973 P. W. Thomas: 1 1 1 9] , referring to a hill to the NW named Yr Hul (SS 90-90, Betws, Glams.); Pen-yr-hul (32-b). Penllwybr -(SN 3 66-41 8) [pen + y + llwybr] ; Pen-llwybr O S 1 891

Penton -(SN 3 94-406)[pen + y +

lon] ;

Fenlon 1 803map J. Singer

189

( 1 2) GWYNIONYDD Penlonwen =(SN 3 70-426)[pen + y + lon + gwen] ; [penlo:n'wen E. WilliaiT'.s]

Pen-lon-wen O S 1 891 Pen-y-rhiw -(SN 3 88-395)[pen + y + rhiwt

Pen-y-rf.iw OS 1 891

Penrhiwgota -(SN 366-41 3 ) [pen + rhiw + cota] ;

Pen-rbiw-gota OS 1 89 1 , Pen- rhiw-gota OS1 904, Penrbiwgotta 1 924-26

CSRLS

2,

A_rrmmn Cott..age

OS 1 98 2 Seemi.-qgly refers t o the lower part o f the ascent that gave its name to Troedr.lziw!lan (1 2-a) and Penrhiwllan (1 2ba). PENRHIWLLflU.l\4 -(SN 370-41 9)[pen + rhiw + )T + llan] ; [phriW'Ian, priW'Ian E. \Villiams] Penrhiwllan 1 8 1 5PR LlaP.fair Orllwyn, Penrhiw-llan OS 1 834, Penrhiulan, Penrhiullan 1 839TMS, Pen­ rbiw-llan, Pen-rhiw-llan Inn OS 1 89 1 , !n.•1 0Sc. 1 95 0 A village (081 891 ] ; it i s not easy to decide from the location o f this place and Troedrhiwllan (1 2-a) where the ascent that gave them its rmme was situated - most probably adjoining Troedrhnvllan; see Penrhiwgota (1 2�a). Comprising: 1) Blaencefu, 2) Bryna_mlwg, 3) BrynJfynnon, 4) Llwyncelyn, 5) Lon-fu\Vr, 6) Meilston� 7) Meilston-bach_, 8) PwJlwybr, 9) Penrhiwllan. Penrhiwprian-isa -(SN 380-42 l ) [p en + rhiw + tn. Prian ( l 2-a) (+ isaf)] ; Pen-rbiw-prian OS 1 8 9 1 , Penrhiv;prian isaf OS 1 982 Penrhiwprian-ucha -(SN 3 81 -42 l ) [pen + rhiw + tn. Prian (l 2-a) (+ uchaf)] ; P enrJ:..iwprian uchaf OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904�82 [ OS1 904; 0Sl 982]. Penty -(SN 365-41 9)[penty] ; Pent)r 1 8 1 3PR LlaP.fair Orlh\l)'P.., Penty OS 1834, Penty 1 834PR Llanfair Orllv.')'ll, Penty-park 1 839T�AS, Penty issaf + uchaf 1 84 1 cens . , {pn.) Tomos y Penty 1 93 0 J. J.Morgan p . 3 If the 1 83 9 form is to be trusted (which is not sure), the name emulates that of the rnansion of Penty-parc (Waltwn, Pembs,)� see Penty-parc (54-a). Persondy -(SN (ii)3 69-41 0)[persondy] ; Parsonage OOS 1 81 1 , Persondy 1 84 1 cens. , ym Mhersondy Bangor ar Deifi 1 869 B.Williams p.36, Persondy (i) OS 1 89 1 , P ersondy (i) OS 1 904, The Old Rectory (ii) OS1 982 i) SN 367-409. 1 904. ii) SN 369-4 1 0. 1 982. Pontgarreg -(SN 3 70-43 1 )[y + pont + ca rreg] ; Pont-careg OS 1 89 1 , Pont-gareg OS 1 904 Prian -(SN (ii)379-42 1 ) [ ? ] ; [prejan E. \Villiams] Pirian issa + Pir:ian 1 564rent, Tir Aberpyrian 1 697/98 D. TJ\1. Jones l\1SS vol.4 p. 763, Pryan 1 804 BRA_ ( 1 955) M_._S S p. 74, Piriam 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pirian OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pirian fa\vr 1 824PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Preian favvr OS 1 834, Pyrian-fawr 1 839TMS, Prian (ii) OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw Pryan (prox. ) 1 958 WFI\1: 11S 1 506/2 p.53 i) SN 375-4 1 8. 1 839 . ii) SN 379-421 . 1 891 . \Vhilst the meaning of Prian is obscure, its development from an earlier form *Pirian or *Pyrian is not, cf purion which becomes prbn in Cardigansl1ire \Velsh (e. g. "brion purion. _l?wyn brion nmvr tenci fawr. " (Rhydly,vys) [1930 \VFiv! MS 1 650/2]); cf Tirion (81-a). The form of 1 697/98 seew.s to posit a hydronym, but it cap,not be the adjacent river called !ago, so it could refer to the small stream that joins the !ago from Blaencwm; cf. LVanbern als. Tyr _Nant y Pyrrion 1 782 (sub Glangraig, 1 7-a); (tp) Prion (Llanrhaeadr-yng-Ngheinmeircli, Denbs.), Pryan [ 1734 BRA (1966) MSS: 29] ; hn. Briannau. Pwllcomol-isa -(SN 3 69-426)[pwll + y + comor (+ isaf)]; [pLli,k:lrn:ll'iJa E. Williams] Bwlchcomel issa c. 1 83 5 CD, Pwllcornel isaf 1 83 9Th1:S, Pwll-cornel-isaf 0S l 891 PwHcomol-ucha -(SN 371-427)[pvtll + y + comor (+ uchaf)] ; [pul'k:Jrn:Jl E. \Villiams] Pwll y Komor 1 564rent, Tyr Pwll y Cornor 1 63 0 F. Green MS n. 1 6 vol. 25 , Tir P\vyll y Cornor 1 649 Bronwydd MSS, Pwll y Comor 1 65 l rent, Tir Pwll y Cornor 1 684 Bromvydd M--SS, Pwll y Comor, (c) Pvvll y C omefield 1 734 Bronv;ydd MSS, Pul y Cornor 1 758 Bronwydd :I\1:SS, Pwllcomel 1 779 R Evans 11SS, (c) Pwllcomel Fields 1 784 Bromvydd �ASS, Pwllycomer 1 785 Bromvydd �.1SS , Pwllycornel =

1 90

( 1 2) G\VYNIONYDD OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pv,rll-comol 1 824PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Pv.rllcomel O S 1 834, Bwlchcomel ucha c. l 83 5 CD, Pwllc.ornel uchaf 1 839TMS, Pwll-cornel-uchaf OS 1 8 9 1 It i s tempting t o understand this name a s cornel 'comer', however, the present realisation k�rn�l and the unanimity of the earlier forms disproves this derivation The earliest forrns give cornor \vhich t..lrrough dissimilation of gave como! by 1 779. The meani.'l.g of cornor is 'hornblower, bugler, trumpeter', and was also applied to 'leader of a swarm of bees, queen-bee', it is also attested - presumably through cross­ et:ymology - as a variant of comol 'colonel' [GPC s.v. cymol] . It is impossible to distinguish what meaning of comor holds here, though I prefer 'colonel' or 'hornblower'. Railway Inn -(SN 357-406)[E. railway + inn]; Railway Inn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1 89l ; OS1904] . Railway Terrace -(SN 3 58 -406)[E. railway + terrace] ; Railway Terrace OS1 904 b.bet. l 891 - 1 904 (OS1 89 1 1 904] . Slibwrt -(SN 369-428) [slibv.rt] ; [slibot E . \¥illiams] Ty p,;vt ? 1 84 1 cens. , Smithy O S 1 891 The term slibwrt [ 1908 Cym.n1: 34. 180] is a loan from E. sleeveboard, an old-fashioned taylor's table to flatten shirts, shaped somev·1hat like x . Stesion Henllan -(SN 3 58-407) (stesion + tn . Henllan (l 2-a)]; Henllan Station 1 904 J.Evans p.375 , o Orsaf Henllan 1 905 E.Davies p.22, i Orsaf Henllan 1 966 T.Davies p.66 b.bet. 1 891 -1 904 [0 8 1 8 9 1 ; 08 1904]. Tanderi -(SN 3 67-4 1 6)[tan + deri] ; Dandore OOS 1 81 1 , Tandeny 1 8 1 6PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Tanderi 1 81 8PR Llanfair Orllw;n, Danderi, Dandery 1 839Tiv1S, Dan-deri OS 1 89 1 , Danderi 1 9 1 0 Geni.'len vo1.28 p. 264, Llysderi OS 1 982 Trebedw -(SN 362-406)[tref + yr + bedw]; Plas Tre yr Bedow 1 6 1 3 BRA ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 3, Plas Tre yr Bedw 1 6 1 8 BRA ( 1 935) MSS p.4, Plas Trerbedw 1 643 Bronwydd MSS, Trebedw 1 768 Llanl!Yr I\1S S, Tavarn, Trebedw 1 792 Derry Ormond J\1S S, Trebedw 1 795 in NL\V ]\AS 793-B p. l 03 , Tre Bedw 1 803map J. Singer, Trebedie 1 808 S.Rl\1eyrick p. 1 8 8, Trebedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Trebedw O S 1 834, Tre-bedw OS 1 89 1 Trecagl -(SN 3 83-41 5)[tref + yr + cagl]; [tre'gagal E . Williams] Trecagal c. 1 805PR Bangor, Trecagal {2nd added later} 1 824PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Trecagl OS 1 834, Trecagal l 837Tl\1S, Tre-cagl OS 1 89 1 , Tre-cagl OS 1 904, Trecagol 0Sc. l 950 Treffwm b(SN (ii)3 66-41 4)[tref + yr + fi\vm] ; Tre Ffwrn 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS 1 69, Tref\vrnucha + issa 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Treddwrn issia + ucha 1 795 in NLW MS 793-B p. 1 03, Tre:ffivrn, Tg_iffwrn 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Trefwrn 1 827PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Tre-!P.vrn OS 1 834, Treffgam 1 839TMS, Tre-ffwrn OS 1 89 1 , Tre-ff\vrn (ii) OS 1 904, Trefl\vrn als. Trefyrn 1 924-26 CSRLS 2 i) SN 366-41 4, 3 0m lov.rer down 1 89 1 . ii) SN 366-41 4. 1 904. Tro -(SN 3 54-428)[tro ] ; Tro issa cott, Tro ganol cott. 1 937 JoP.n Fra.11cis M�S vol.2 p. 1 02 Troedrhwch -(SN 3 89-407)[troed + rhiw + yr + hwch] ; [tr�d'ru:x E . \Villiarr.s] Tir Camnant 1 635 F. Green l\1SS vol. 25 p. 1 09, Tir Dyffryn Hoffnant 1 63 5 CD 39, Tir Dydd.;n Hoffnant 1 63 5 F.Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 09, Tir Troed Rhiw Rhwch 1 637 CD 43, Tir Troed Rhiw Rhwch als. Tir y Callhn.ant 1 637 F. Green M..SS vol.25 p. 1 09, Troed yr Rhy'N 1 773 M.R.ichardson M..S 1 83, Tyr Dyffryn Hmvnant als. Dyffryn Hm.vnant als. Troedyr Hiwr Hwch 1 78 5 B�A ( 1 955) J\1SS p. l 22, Troedrhiw yr Hwch-ganol c. l 800PR Bangor, Troedyrhwch c. 1 805PR Bangor, Troedyrhiwrhwch OOS 1 81 1 , Troedgrhiwrhwchganol, Troedgrhiwrhwchucha 1 825 W'Fl\1 l\1S 2039, Troed-y-rhiw-rhwch O S 1 834, Troed R..biw-yr-hwch, Troedyrhiwychwch issaf 1 837T!'vf-S, Troed-rhiw'r-hwch, (c) .Alit Troed-yr-hwch OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiwrhwch OS 1 982 The Hownant(ii) is the name of the stream adjoini..11g this place, so tb.at it seems t..lmt the term nant in the alias Camnant - in this particular iP.stance - refers to the valley rather than the stream (the valley about -

191

( 1 2) GWYNIONYDD Troedrhwch

clearly being crooked), however,

rather than an alias of Troedrh-..t•ch, cf

Camnant may originally be Camnant (d); see Fron (1 2-a).

an alias of the river

Hmvnant

Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 392-405 ) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891

Troedrhiwberllan -(SN 392-407)[troed + rhiw + yr + perllan] ; [tr�jdrnv'b�rlan E. \Villimr.s] Troedyrhiwberllan c. l 805PR Bangor, Troedyrhiwberllan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-y- rhivv-berl.!an 081 834, Troed Rhiw Berllan 1 837TMS, Troed-rhiw-berllan OS 1 891 Troedmiwl!an -(SN 367-4 1 6) [troed + rhiw + y + llan]; Troedrhiw-llan 1 792 Derry Ormond 1t-ASS , Troedyrhullan 1 795 in J'JL\X/ :MS 793-B p. 1 03, Troed Rhi\v Llan 1 8 1 5PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Troedyrhiullan 1 83 9Th1S As has been said (see sub Penrhnvllan, 1 2-a) it is not obvious where lay the ascent tlmt gave its name to this place was, Troedrhiwllan seen:1s incongruously 11..amed as it stands on the highest part of that particular road. Ty-gwyn -(SN 3 70-424) [ty + gv.'yn] ; Ty-gvvyn OS 1 982 Ex-jstent

[OSI891 ] . Ty-gwyn-isa -(SN 3 70-424) [ty + gwyn (+ isaf)] ; Ty Gwyn 1 725 Cilgvvyn I MS S , Ty Gwynn 1 725 B Rl\ ( 1 95 5) J\1SS p. 48, Tyg\vyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-gv.')'TI 1 8 1 5PR Lianfair Orllwyn, Tygv.,yn l 83 9Th1S, Ty-gwyn-isaf 0S l 89 l

Ty�'jTI=ucha -(SN 3 70-425)[ty + gwyn (+ uchaf) ]; Ty- gwyn-uchaf OS 1 8 9 1 Ty-hen -(SN 3 5 5-4 1 2)[ty + hen] ; Tuy Hen 1 643 Bronwydd J\I£SS , Ty Hen 1 8 1 7PR Llanfuir Or!lwyn, Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd Bangor -(SN 3 82-400)[ty + nevvydd + tn. Bangor (1 2�a)] ; [ti'newi (baQg�r) E . \lfillimr.s] Tynewydd c. l 805PR Bangor, Ty ne\vydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-ne\vydd 081 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty ne\:vydd OS 1 982 Ty-newydd(i) -(S N 3 86-4 1 l )(Trecagl)[tY + nev.ydd] ; [gri:n'park ? E. \Villiams] Ty�newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 0 Sc. 1 950, Bryn Pare OS 1 982

Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 370-429)(Pwllc.ornol)[tY + ne,vydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Pare Villa OS 1 982

Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 363-407)(Trebedw)[ty + newydd] ; Ty nev.;dd 1 839Tl\.1S

Waun-fach -(SN 376-425)[y + gwaun + bach] ; \Vaun-ffich 08 1 904, Waunfach 081 982 Werfa -(SN 3 57-41 4) [y + ? ]; \Verfa O S 1 904, \lferfa O S 1 982

was i."l Henllan parish, it is remir.iscent of the nUL'lles o f the 4 divisions of the neighbouring Llanfair Orlhvyn parish termed gweddfa. The change from [ -il-] to [-r-] is b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS 1 904] . Though this found in the

tns. Gwyddgn1g

(Ca..rms.) �

Gwyrgrug; Wyddgrug (Flints.) � Wyrgrug, though in the case of

those names it is dissimilation with the other

that

is the suspected motivation for changing

to

. Wem-newydd

-(SN 3 68 -424)[y + gwern (+ newydd)] ; Gwem Fill� Tir issa Yngwern Filli 1 564rent, Gwern Philli, Gwern Pfiilip Ychan 1 65 l rent, Park y Wern

Ffilly 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson J\1S 1 69, Parke Gwern Plt.illey 1 725 Cilg\V)'tl

I

MS S , Parke als. Parke CT\va)'tl

Tilly 1 792 Derry Ormond �1S S , Parcegv.reynffilli 1 796 Bronwydd l\1S S, Parce Gweinffili als. \Vemddofn als. \Veinn.ev\)dd

1 796 Bronvvydd l\1S S, \Vern newydd 008 1 8 1 1 , \lfernnewydd 08 1 834, Wern-ne'v\)dd 0 8 1 8 9 1 , Wem nevvydd Farm 08 1 982

1 8 1 9PR Llanfair

Orllvv;n, \Vern newjdd

See Parc.au (1 2-a). Ysgol Aberbanc -(SN 3 56-4 1 6)[ysgol + tn. Aberbanc ( 1 2-a)] ; Ysgoldy AberbaP.k 1 879 i.11 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 3 1 , Aberbanc V.P. 1 967 \VLS, School O S 1 982 Ystafelleglwysig -(SN 3 86-404)(ystafell + eglwysig]; + 0 S c. l 950, Ystafell Eglwysig OS 1 982, Ystafell Eglwysig Bangor Teifi (sign) b. 1 926 [sign] .

192

(12) GWYNIONYDD geonyms Alltenoc -(SN 398-405)[allt + pn Enoc] ; AJ1t Enoch OS1 891 Caerau -(SN 3 5 8-4-0 l )[caerau] ; Caerau OS 1 834, Caerau (intrenchment) Fort OS1 982 See Llanfair Orllwyn (12-a). CasteUpystog -(SN 3 82-403)[castell + *postiog ? ] ; Castelli Pyscoc Gawr, a Chastelh Pyscoc c. l 600 S .D.Rhys p. l 30, Pistog ycha + issa (prox.) 1 637 CD 43 , Castell Pistog 1 808PR Bangor, Castell Pistog 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 39, Castell Pistog (site of) OS 1 891 Pyscoc was the name of a giant [c.l600 s. D. Rhys: 1 30] ; a circular mount surrounded by a moat . . . said to have been the site of a Wl...llsion anciently belonging to a fawily of that name [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .56] . My best etymology for pystog is a derivation from *post(i)og, possibly i.11 connection with the description of what was supposed to be a large post-hole: " [Pistog] as report says, was anciently the proprietor of all t."I-J.e land i.11 tPis Lordship. There is a hollow on the top of the tump, where it is said, Pistog regaled his tenants once a year, under a large woollen canopy erected for that purpose. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bangor] ; see Castell Bangor (l2-a). Castell Nantgaran -(SN 3 69-421 )[castell + tn. Nantgaran (12-a)] ; CasteLh Lhyphan Ga\vr ? c. l 600 S.D.Rhys p. l 3 0, Castel!-nant-y-garau 0S l 834, Caste!l-nant-y-garan (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , Yr Hen Gastell 1 924-27 CSRLS 27, Nant-y-Garan 0Sc. 1 950, :Motte OS1 982 On LlJ!ffan Gawr, see 1 993 C. Grooms p. 1 96. Ffrydiau Henfryn -(SN 3 83-393)[ffrydiau + tn. Henfryn (Llangeler, Ca..rms.)] ; Ffrwdir Henfrin c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 78 Ffrydiau Henllan -(SN 3 57-400)[ffiydiau + tn. HeP11an (12-a)] ; Ffrwdir Henllta.tt c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 78, Frwdeu Henllan 1 80 8 S.R.l\1eyrick p. 1 39, Ffrv:deu Hen Llan 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Hen Llan, Frvvdiau Henllan als. The Henllan Falls 1 83 3 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p.4 1 6, Frydiau Henlla..t1 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 78, Ffrydiau Henllru1, Rhaiadr Henllan 1 899 D.E.Jones p.5, Ffrydiau Henllan c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 208 L!ynbadell -(SN 361 -403)[llyn + y + padell] ; [hn'badcl E. Thomas] (c) Dole y Badell 1698 BRA� ( 1 93 5) MSS p. l O, Llyn-y-padall OS 1 834, Llyn y Badell O S 1 8 9 1 , Llyn Badell 1 899 D.E.Jones p.5 Llyn-y-felin -(SN 3 53-401 ) [llyn + y + melin]; Llyn y Velyn 1 6 1 5 BRJ\1 ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 3, Llyn y Felin 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 5 I am not sure to which mill melin refers to, it was a pool in the Teifi river rather than a \vholly artificial mill-pond, though it was said to be darnmed up by D. E. Jones [ 1 899: 97] ; see Henllan (1 2-a). Llynsiedi -(SN 3 87-391) [llyn + hn. Siedi]; Llyn Shedi 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 8 Maengwyn -(SN 3 82-43 5)[maen + gvvyn] ; �Aaen-gv;yn OS 1 834 This stone gave its r.ame to A1aen[5l1-yn (1 2-a), as well as NantgwyPfaen (1 2 -a), AbernantgwyPJaen (13-a). Pont Afonrhyd -(SN 3 5 5-41 9)[pont + hn. Afonrhyd] ; Pont Afo n Rhyd 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 335 b. 1 8 57 [ 1 978 CER: 8 . 335] ; Afonrhyd seems to be another alias of hn. Cwerchyr. Pont Alltcafn -(SN 3 86-392)[pont + tn. Alltcafn (Llan.geler, Carms.)] ; [ai'kavan E. vVilliarns] Alit y Cafan Bridge 1 837TMS {date of schedule, not of m.ap} , Pont Allt-y-cafn OS 1 89 1 , Pont A.lltc.afan 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 8, i Wddwg AJltcafan (prox.) 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 379, Pont AJlt Cavan c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.21 0, Pontalltycafan 0Sc. l 950, Pont Alltcafan 1 990 Lampeter Photograpb.s p. 7 b. l 83 9-41 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 2 10; 1 978 CER: 8.334]; cf (c) Allt y Cafo [081 834), Alit Cwm-cafn [OS1 891] on both sides of Tei:fi. Pont Henllan -(SN 3 55-400)[pont + tn. Henllan ( 12-a)]; Henllan Bridge 1 780 Bromvydd M..S S, Pont Henllan 1 803w.ap J. Si.11ger, Henllan Br. 008 1 8 1 2 b. l 774 [ 1 899 D . E . Jones: 421 ; 1978 CER: 8.333]. Pwllglas -(SN 3 53-405)[pwll + glas]; Pwll Glas OS 1 89 l , Pwll Glas 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 5, Pwll Gla (sic) OS 1 982 1 93

(12) GWYNIONYDD Wennallt =(SN 372-403)[y + gwen + allt] ; Wenallt OS 1 891

194

( 1 3 ) GWYNIONYDD LLA.N"GYNLLO

Abernantgwynfae.n

-(SN 372-432) [aber +

Aber Nant y

G'Alflfan

h.P� Nantgwynfaen] ;

1 65 l rent,

Abernant y

G\V)T..faen

1 65 l rent,

Abernant Gwinva

1 760CF,

i� bernantgv;ynfan OOS 1 8 1 1 , i\.bernant-gv.'Ynfa.'1, Abarnant-gv;ynfan 1 8 1 6PR Lla..'lgynllo, i\ber-r..ant-y­ ..

g\vyn-fan O S 1 834, i\bemant-gv.y.n-faen 1 83 9Th1S, Aber-nant-gv.'Yr£an OS 1 89 1 , Abernant GV\'Yr£an ..

1 905 E.Davies p. 57, Abernant O S 1 98 2 The h..11. Nantgwy11jaen Nantgwy11jaen (12-a).

tnay b e a n alternative name of

Tywarchen,

'".u!tcnawdau -(SN 3 76-44 1 )[allt + y + cyr.aeafdy]; [al knawde E. \Villiams, '

referriP.g t o

ai'nawde R

lvfaengwyn (12-b);

see

Jones]

AJlt y Kr1awdy 1 65 1 rent, Tyr Allt y Chawde 1 722 M.Richardson J\.1S 1 72, Allt y Cnawt:ha 1 760CF, Gallt y Cnawdy 1 768 M.Richardson

MS 1 8 1 , Gallt-y-cnawde 1 8 1 3PR Llangy11Jlo, Gallt y Cnawdau 1 8 1 7PR

LlangyPJlo, C�llt Cvmadau O S 1 834, Alit y Cnawde 1 83 9TMS, Allt-y-cnydie OS 1 89 1 , Allt-y-cnydie 0Sc. 1 950, !-Iill View OS 1 982 It is quite likely that the 1 65 1 form represents

becorning changed - by popular etymology - to

cynae(a)fdy -+ cynawdy, this cnmvdiau 'fleshes', as early as

Castellhendre (E. Henry's Moat) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 63] . Allt-fawr -(SN 360-424)[allt + mawr] ; Gwar yr ft..llt vawr 1 564rent, i\llt fa\\lf 1 792 Derry Ormond IV!S S,

having lost its meaning, 1 722; cf

Castellhenri ·�

Rallt.fa\\lf OOS 1 8 1 1 , LAJlt fawr 1 828PR

LlangyPJlo, Rallt-fawr OS 1 8 34, Allt-fav.lf 1 839T11S Llangynllo, Allt-fawr O S 1 891 , (c) Alit fa'l.>vr 1 924-26 CSRLS 27 -(SN 3 66-433) [allt

Alltgoch

+ coch];

Alltgoch 1 8 1 4PR L1al1gy!1Jlo,

1L-Iwylfa

Allt Goch

1 839TM...S , Allt-goch O S 1 89 1

-(SN 347-470)[annwyl + -rna] ; ,A..nv.'Ylfa OS 1 982

Anvel =(SN 3 58-447)[ar=

+ gwel] ;

Jhwell OS 1 982

Awelfry.n

-(SN 364-463)[awel + bryn];

[a'we!vrm I.

A. Griffiths]

Awelfryn OS 1 982

Bach-y-rhew

-(SN 3 63 -475)[bach + y + rhew] ; [ ba· x� hrew I. A. '

Griffiths , bax;�.rcw'Ix;a M.

H. Davies]

Tyr Bach y Rhew 1 7 1 3 M. Richardson MS 1 69, Tyr Bach y Rh)ID (sic) 1 773 M Richardson MS 1 69, Bach)lfP.iw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bach y-rhew 1 8 1 4PR LlangyPJlo, Bachyrhew 1 826PR BetwsifaP� Bach-y-rhe\x/ OS 1 834, Bachrhev.r 1 834PR Troedrour, Bach-y-rhew O S 1 89 1 , Bach-y-rhew c. 1 900

Bach�y=rhew=fach

=(SN 363=476)[bach + y + rhew (+ bach)] ;

[baz�hrew'ba:x;

\\lF.r..A J\.1S 1 520/1 baz�.rew 'i·Ja J\.1.

l\.1. Thorr..as,

H. Davies] Bach)lfhewfach 1 905 E.Davies p . 34

Blaen Bachcrydd

-(SN 3 6 1 -444)[blaen + tn. Bachcrydd] ;

{blam;l'kri:� ?, blanbaz'kri:�, bi: 'bi: 'si: E. Williams] :MS 1 69, Tyr Bach y Cryde 1 773

Bach y Kridd 1 65 1 rent, Tyr Bach y Crydd 1 71 3 J\.1. Richardson

M Rich.ardson MS 1 8 5, Blaenbachcrydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen Bach y Crydd 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Blaen Bach Crydd 1 8 1 6PR Llangynllo, Blaen

Bach CryD 1 823PR Llanro!JlJlo, Blaen-bach-cryda OS 1 834, Blaen­

bach-crydd OS 1 89 1 , i Lamachcrydd (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p. 208 The jocular realisation

bi: 'bi:'si:

was suggested by the fact that an acronym of tr..is place-na..'lle coincides

with that of the BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation).

Blaenbwch-isa -(SN 3 63-467)[blaen + lm.

Bwch (+ isaf)];

{bla:n,bu:z'i·Ja I. A_

Griffiths]

Blaen Llwegh 1 65 1 rent, Blaencwmbwch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenbwch 1 8 1 6PR Troedrour, Blaen Bwch 1 827PR Llangynllo, Blaen-bv1ch O S 1 834, Blaen Bwch cots 1 83 9T.r-..1S, Blaen-b\vch-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Ta.'1-y-bryn O S 1 982

Blaenbwch-ucha

-(SN 363 -467)[blaen +

hrt Bwch (+ uchaf)] ; [ bla:n,bu:x'Iza I . A. Griffitb.s]

Blaen-bwch-uchaf OS 1 891

Biaenffos -(SN 375-456)[blaen + y + ffos] ; [bla:n'fo:s, blaen' fo:s I.

A. Griffitl1s]

Blaen-ffos OS 1 89 1 , Blaenffos O S 1 982

Blaenhawe.n

-(SN 347-466)[blaen +

h..11.

Ha\ven] ;

[blajn'howen �A.

Thow.as]

Blaen Hawen 08 1 834, Blaen..lmwen 183 9Th1S, B laen-hawen OS 1 89 1 , Blaenc\\'II'��awen 1 963 D. Davies

& \V. T.Hughes p. 3 0 195

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD See Blaemvaun (10-a).

BlaenUan -(SN 3 55-443)[blaen + y + llan]; [bla:n'lan E. Willian1s, I. A Griffiths] Blaen Nant y Llan ? 1 564rent, Blaen Nant y Llan ? 1 65 l rent, Blane Llan 1 725 BRA ( 1 955) I\1SS p.48, B!aePJlan OOS 1 8l l , B!aen-llan O S 1 8 3 4, Blaen-l!an O S 1 8 9 1

Blaenllan=isa -(SN 3 58-438)[blaen + y + Han (+ isaf) ] ; Blaen-llan-isaf OS 1 89 1

Blaen Nantpopdy -(SN 354-450)[blaen + tn. Nantpopdy (1 2-a)] ; B!aen-mmt-y-popty 1 839TIAS, B!aPJna.11tpobdy l 84 1cens.

Blaen Pantsais -(SN 3 75-461 )(blaen + tn. Pantsais (12�a)] ;

Blaen Pant y Sais 1 564rent, Blaen=pant-sais OS 1 89 1 , Blaenpa11t O S 1 982

Blaenwaun -(SN 3 66-464)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:n'wejn I. A Griffiths] B!aenywaun OOS 1 8 l l , B!aenwine 1 822 1\A.Ricta.ardson l\AS 208, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 834, Blaen Waun 1 839Th1S, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 89 1

Blaenwern -(SN 349-469)[blaen + y + gwern] ; [b!a-'wern M H. Davies, (c) hriW,bla'wern M Thomas] Blaenywern 1 81 9PR Troedrour, Blanwern 1 825PR Troedrour, Blaen-y-wern OS 1 834, Blaen-y-wern OS 1 89 1 , Blaenwem 1 905 E.Davies p.3 1

Bronnallt -(SN 3 5 5-432)[bron + alit] ; Bronallt OS 1 982

Bronwydd -(SN 353-432) [bron + gwydd]; [br:lnwi E. Thomas, br:lnW!Tillog, Monts.); see Pengallt (12-a). BWLCHGROES -(SN 379-462) [bwlch + y + c�oes]; [bulx,'gro:s J. Dafis, bulx�'gro:s E. Williams, bulx� 'gr;)es I. �A. Griffiths ] Bwlch-y-groes OS 1 834, Bwlch y Gros 191 1 C:yrnru vol.4 1 b . bet. 1 8 1 1-34 [OOS 1 81 1 ; 081 834). Comprising: 1) Capel Bwlch_groes, 2) Llwyn_groes (14-a), 3) Maen_gwyn__11! ( 1 4-a), 4) Maes-yr-baf, 5) Tan-y-groes, 6) Winsh-fach. Bw!chgwyn -(SN 347-472)[bwlch + gv.;yn]; [bul)('gwm, gwarnant'a:rmz on the map M. Thomas] G\vem-nant Arms 1 839TIAS, (c) Ffair Bwllgv.ryn (3 1 /0 1 ) ? 1 87 1 NLW MS ex. 1 245, C-n.vem-nant Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 891, Gwemant A'"rms 'enw cyffredin y ty oedd' Bwlchgwyn c. 1 900 W'FM �1S 1 520/1, Bwlch­ gv..yn 1 976 S. Gw.Davies p. 1 6 Bwlchrhyd -(SN 371 -43 l)[bwlch + y + rhyd]; Bwlch y-rhyd 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Bwlch-y-rhyd 1 839Th1S, Bwlch-rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch-rhyd OS 1 904 Capel Bwlchgroes -(SN 379-462)[capel + tn. Bwlchgrces (12-a)] ; Capel OS1 834, Bwlch'y-groes Meeting H.0 1 839Tl\1S, Bwllygroes 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.497, Capel-Bv.rlch-y­ groes (Independent) OS 1 891, Bwlchygroes, Llandyssul c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, Ch.apel OS 1 982 b. c. l 830 as a school [ 1 987 B. J. Rawli11s : 1 30] ; b . l 833 [ 1 85 1Rel cens.: 497; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfa!l-Tu.tner: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawli11s : 1 30 ] ; c. 1 875 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 3 0) ; 1 880 (c . l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278] . Capel Coed-y-bryn -(SN 3 53-452)[capel + tn. Coed-y-bryn]; Coedybryn Chapel 1 890 Bronwydd MSS, Capel Coed-y-bryn (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Coed y Bryn c. l 9 02 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Coedybryn Chapel 1 890 Bronwydd MSS b. l 866 [ 1 904 J. Evans : 249; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 30] ; b. l 886 [ 1 905 E. Davies: 1 02] . Castel!siwn"'..rd -(SN 364-47l) [castell + siwrwd] ; [kastcl I. A. Griffiths, 1\1. Thomas] Castell 1 81 4PR Llangynllo, Castell S iwrwd 1 81 7PR Llangynllo, Castellshwrwd 1 843 in 1 905 E.Davies p. 5 8, Castell OS1 891 This was a jocular name, as there are no remains of fortifications i..11 the vicinity; cf Siwrwd (SO 1 1 -90, Newtown, Monts.).

Cefncoed -(SN 353-452)[cefu + y + coed]; Cefn�coed OS 1 834, Cefen Coed 1 84 l cens . , Cefn-coed OS 1 891 Closglas -(SN 361-444)[clos + glas]; Clos-glas OS 1 891 C!unlynod -(SN 371 -453)[dun + ? ]; [ glm hin3d E. \Villiams, g lm hm3d I. 11... Griffiths] Klyn Lynog 1 564rent, Klin Lynod 1 65 1rent, Clyn-11ulh'1od 1 7 1 3 .M:.Richardson M:S 1 69, ClyrJlunod, Clynllynod 1 774 M.Richardson MS 1 88, Clynlu11..nod 1 786 M.Rich.ardson MS 1 92, Clynynod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glyn-hy:nod OS 1 834, Clyn Lynod 1 832PR Llangynl!o, Clynynod 1 835PR Llangynllo, Clyn-ynod 1 839Th1S, G!y:n-hynod OS 1 891, Gylnod (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p.208, Glynhynodfach (prox.) 1 905 E.Davies p.35 Since clun is masculine there is no reason for an original *l!ynod to lenite to lynod, the phonetic development of the name might be explained by haplology to *Clynod, whence a reanalysis by popular etymology to Clunhynod. However, the preponderance of fon!l.s with i11itial , along with the fi11aJ of the earliest form leads us to suspect that the origi..flal form of the second element was lynog which became lynod due to interference by the obscure element llynod fou..11d in the name Dy.ff.rynllynod (1 4-a) oPJy 3. 5km E of this site, which l>..ad the status of a mansion in the sixteenth century. The reduction of Clunlynod to *Clynod, thence Gylnod is certairJy simpler than tl>..at offered for an original Clunllynod. The initial following the masculine noun clun leads us to posit an elided syllable, see sub Logyn (2-a). The common reanalysis of clun to glyn is apparent from 1 834 onwards. Clunrodyn -(SN 361 -456)[clun + yr + odyn]; [Cc) hro·s,grl'r3dm ... g!m'r:)dm IV!. Thomas] '

'

197

( 1 3) GWYN!ONYDD Clun yr Odyn 1 8 1 5PR Llangynllo, Clun'r-odyn OS 1 834, Clynrodin 1 834PR Llat1gynllo, Clyn yr Odyn, Clyn'r-odyn 1 83 9TNT�, Clyn-yr-odyn OS 1 891, Cil'rodyn 1 905 E.Davies p. 3 5, Glyn-yr-odyn OS1 982 COED-Y-BRYN -(SN 3 53-452)[tn. [Capel] Coed-y-bryn (1 2-a)] ; Coed-y-bryn OS 1 891 Comprisi..'1g: 1 ) Bryn, 2) Brynhy"rryd, 3) Bryr.hywel, 4) Capel Coed-y-bryn, 5) Delfryn, 6) Gernos Lodge, 7) Rhoslwyn, 8) Ysgol Coed-y-bryn.

Cros-!an(i) -(SN 3 8 1 -452)[cros (+ i + glan)] ; Croes Lan OS 1 982 b. bet. 1 904-82 [OS1 904; OS1 982] . CROS-LAN(ii) -(SN 3 82-444)[cros (+ i + glan)]; [ kr�s ' l an J. Dafis, E . \Villian1s] Crosslan OS 1 89 1 , Croes-lan, Pant-teg Cross-road (P.O.) OS1 904, Panteg Cross 1 9 1 3 n.c. ATL, PO OS1 982 This village appeared bet. 1 81 1 -9 1 [OOS1 81 1 ; OS1 891], and was situated just v1here the moor began [OOS181 1 ] . The meaning of Cros-lan is 'the crossroad on high', and it was presurrill.bly named thus in opposition to the c-rossroads at Horeb ( 14-a), both crossroads being on the turnpike road between Llandysul (1 4-a) and Synod (22-a). The 1 904 form shows the welshification of eros to croes (cf Crosgwyn, 22-a). The first houses were built on Pant-teg land (13-a), thus accounti..'1g for the English alias Pant-teg Cross; c£ Pencros (8-b), Pentre-lan (31-a), Pengraig-lan (57-a). Comprising: 1) Blaenphvyf( l2�a), 2) Glas:fryn, 3) Llaindelyn (12�a), 4) IVfaes�y�llan. Cwm -(SN 369-456) [cwm] ; [kum'gern�s E. Williams] C\vm 1 81 6PR L!andyfriog, Cwm 1 820PR L!angynllo, Cwm OS 1 89 1 , Cwmgemos OS 1 982 Cwm-bach -(SN 3 54-43 8)[cwm + bach]; C'v\'!11 bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.m-bach 1 81 4PR LlangyrJlo, Cvvm-bach OS1 834, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 Cwmbwch -(SN 357-473)[cwm + tm.. Bwch] ; [kum'bu: x I. A. Griffiths, M. H. Davies, kum'bo:x (id.) M. Thornas] Nant y Bwch ? 1 564rent, Abernant y Bwch ? 1 6 5 1 rent, C\vmbwch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-bwch OS1 834, Cwbwch 1 838PR LlangyPJlo, Cwm-bvvch OS1 891 Cwm-hen -(SN 373-450)[cwm (+ hen) ] ; [kum'he:n I. .A_ Griffiths] Cv.,rm-hen 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo, C\vm-hen OS1 891 Cwmins -(SN 3 64-441 ) [ cwrr.it1s] ; Cw11mlins OOS 1 8 1 1 , Conm1ons 1 8 13PR LlangyrJlo, Cwmins 1 826PR LlangyrJlo, Cw1mnins-uchaf OS 1 834, Cwmi.llS 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Cvvmmins 1 839TMS, Cwmi.llS 1 905 E.Davies p. 52, Conunins OS189 1 , Y Cwmi.fl 1 93 0 J.J.Morgan p. l 5, Cmn.rni..11S uc}l.af 1 93 7 JoP�'1 Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 02 Cwm Nantffinen -(SN 352-47 1 )[cv,nn + tn. Nantffmen]; [kum,nant'fmen 0. Rees, l\1. Jones, kom,di'h�j! l\1. Thomas] Cwm Nant y Ffynnon 1 787sur map, Cribi.11 Clottas (sic) 1 839TMS, Cwm-nant-ffi!l.1-ant 1 OS 1 89 1 A pentref LTl the past [i.llf M. Jones] . Cwmpandy -(SN 3 55-427) [cwm + y + pandy] ; C�m-pandy OS 1 834, Cwmpandy 1 839PR Llangynllo Cwmtywarch -(SN 376-437)[c\vm + hn. Tywarch[en] ] ; [kum'towarz E. \Villiams] Blane Llwarch (prox.) 1 725 BRA ( 1 955) M_.S S p.48, Blane Llwarch (prox.) 1 725 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cwmtwarch 1 809 M.Richardson MS 206, Cv.mPA'fch (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , C\\m-twarch 1 81 4PR LlangyPllo, Cwmtyv•1arch 1 83 9TMS, Cv.m-t)'\Varch OS 1 891 For the reanalysis of pn. L!Yl.o.'arch as t}'H'arch, cf A1elint}warch (l'Aatl:uy), Lower is A1ill 1485, A1elyn Llwarche 1 592, Velin Lou'arch, A1elyn Llov,;arch 1 663, A1elin Towarch 1 783 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 273]. De!fryn -(SN 3 54-448)[del + bryn] ; Delfryn OS 1 982 Do!au-Cwerchyr -(SN 3 69-435)[dolau + lm. Cwerchyr] ; [do:le ? J. Dafis] Doley Kwerchir 1 564rent, Tir Dolle Kwercher 1 649 Bromvydd MSS, Dole Cwerchir 165 1rent, Tir Dole Gwerther 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Dole Cwerchyr 1 734 Brom¥';dd M�S, Doley Perchill (sic) OOS 1 81 1 , Dole-cwerchyr 1 81 7PR Llangynllo, Ddolau-chiwanhau OS1 834, Dolequerchyr 1 830PR LlangyPllo, Dolan Cwerchir 1 839TIAS, Dole Cwerche 1 87 1 NL\l/ l\1S ex. 1 245, Dolau 1 905 E.Davies p. 54, Dole 1 905 E.Davies p. 54, Dolau-cwerch)'f OS1 89 1 DO!refaii -(SN 365-476)[dol + yr + efail]; [dol'revel Rh.Thomas] 1 98

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD cot.e 1 83 9Tl\1S, Dol'refail l 90 5 E.Davies p . 34, Dolyrefail l 978 �1. Jones p.22

DO!wem - (SN 347-472)[dol + y + gwern] ; [dol'wern,

f pn.

mari,5ol'wern M

H. Davies,

do·l'wern + ti'newi M

Thomas]

in£ Drnmhlryd =( SN

3 56=456)[y + tmm + llvvyd] ;

Drym-lwyd O S 1 8 34, Dryrnlwyd 1 83 3PR LlangynJlo, Drymlwyd

cot e 1 83 9TMS, Tru.m-11\Nyd OS 1 891 ,

Dru.tnlhvyd als. Benwhilor 1 905 E .Davies p . 3 4, heibio Bewhilor (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p. 208, Dremhvyd 1 924--26 CSRLS 1 4, Druwl\\'Yd 1 924--26 CSRLS 29 Cf Penhwilwr (81 -a).

Efail - (SN 3 70-474)[ efail] ; [revel, no'vv a'r:>sva I.

A. Griffiths]

Smithy OS 1 891 , Efail c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/ 1 , Efail 1 905 E .Davies p . 3 5 , Arosfa 08 1 982

Ffatri -(SN 3 5 8-420)[ ?

];

Pant y Velin Boeth (prox.) 1 589 Bronv.'Ydd M�S, Pante y Velin Boeth (prox. ) 1 593 Bromvydd MSS , \Voollen l\1anufactory Buildi.'1g and Lands at Aberdauddwr (Henllan) 1 878 Bronvvydd l\1S S, Woollen Factory O S 1 89 1 Thi ... woollen factory w.ay have been on the site of an older wilL which gave its name to

Dolfelin ( 12-a)

immediately across the river. This older mill - \vhether at this site or elsev-;here in the i.rnmediate vicinity ­

i.11 the name Pant-y-felinboeth, which was associated with Nouadd HylA;el Deca, ( 12-a); cf Ffatri A ber (1 1-a). Ffatri Maesllyn =(SN 3 68-448) [ffatri + tn. M..aesllyn ( l2-a)] ; [fatri,mas'lm E. \Villiams] is the one referred to

also unlocated, but near A berbanc

Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Mill OS 1 982

Ffatri Towerhill -( SN 3 68-437)[ffatri + tn.

Towerbill (l 2-a)];

Towerhill Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Ffactri Tmver Hi11 1 905 E.Davies p.48 b. l 85 5 [ 1 905 E. Davies: 48] . Ffosffin - ( SN 372-454)[ffos + y + ffit1] ; [ fo: s� fi : n E. '

Williams, 1 A. Gri:ffitb.s]

Ffo s y Ffyn 1 8 1 8PR LlangyPJlo, Ffos y Ffin 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Ffos-y-ffi11 O S 1 89 1 , Ffosffm 1 905 E.Davies p . 3 5

Theflin i n this name refers to the boundaries of farm-holdi.'1gs. FFOSTRASOL - ( SN 372�476) [ffos + y + trosol] ; [f:>s'tras:>l J. Dafis, pentre,pen'sarn I. A Griffiths]

0. Rees, I. .A_. Griffiths, old name

Ffostrasol O S 1 904, 'gelwir pentrefFfostrasol yn am! yn' Pensarn 1 978 M. Jones p.22

inn o f tb.at r.ame, straddles the parishes of Troedrour-ucha, Llandysul, and Pentre Pensarn, named after Pensarn (1 4�a), and it would seem tlmt Ffostrasol was originally simply an alias of Pensarn. It is the Post Office wr.ich changed the name [inf I. A. Griffiths] . Accordi.t1g to local il1£ormants (inf I. A. Griffitl>.s] the place got its name from the marshy nature The village, centred around the

Llangynllo . Its old name was

of the ground, which meant tb.at horses b.ad to be b.arnessed to pull carriages, this is called

ke'file �n tras:>.

The use of

tras:l

in the area lasted until the 1 940s, this explanation is certaiPJy

preferable to the explar.ation of GPC

[s.v. asol, atsofl] from *Ffos Tira(t)so(l)l). Hov.rever the first in the name, nor the second the

etymology does not satisfactorily explait"l the o ccurrence of oc.currence of . I prefer a 11.ame that alludes to a ditch

(ffos) that was so much of an impediment to (trosol) was needed to prize them out, cf h.11. Ffostrosol, and for a sifllilar ideas Ffos-y-cenglau (33-b) , and Penbont Rhyd-y-bothau (1 8-a). The rather than expected may be due to a dissi.Tilation of --t (cf the variant spellings Blaentaso! 1 8 1 1 , Blaentrasso! 1 8 1 7 of Blaentrosol, 1 2�a). Other examples tl-.at point to a sitnilar penulti.'Ilate dissi.T.ilation are: coranau (sg. coron) (e.g. coron pl. crcma (Caemarfon) [ 1 950 T. Hudson-Williams: 68]); llywannen (� llywionen); tn. Merianog (Meline) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 106], which I derive from myrion 'ants' + -og, cf the Breton toponyw.s ar Verieneg (Kennar. ia-Sulard, Cotes-d'.Annor), 1\![erioneg (ElveP..., lvlorbi.lJ.a.r1), Le 11..1erienezif (Langon, I!le-et-Vilaine), !vforionoc 1 01hcent. [ 1 975 B. Tangu.y 1 29-30]. The word myrion has the suffix -ion - which was never *-iaun - so that the dissimilation --t apparent i.'1 the pn. Anarod (� �1\:X/. Anaraut, 0'}-1. Anauraut), and perr.aps tarog 'tick' (at least if t.�e OB. toroc, l\1nB . teureug represents its regular cognate [I. Williams i11 1 944 BBCS: 1 1 . 1 40--41 ]) could never have taken place in Merianog (for other examples of stressed becomi.llg in Cardiganshire Welsh, see sub Rhiwonnen (21 -a) ; cf. Pantrasol (22-a); Llanio (32-a). carts that a 'crowbar'

Comprising: 1) Bwlch (9-a), 2) Ffosbeili (9-a), 3) Ffostrasol, 4) Llain Ffostrasol, 5) Lhvynteg (9-a), 6) Llyscerdin (9-a), 7) Llysgwyn (1 4-a), 8) Pendre (9-a), 9) Pensam (1 4-a).

199

(1 3) GWYNIONYDD Ffynnonlas -(SN 348-443)[ffy:nnon + glas] ; FfyP..non-Ias O S 1 89 1

Ffynb.onwen -(SN 3 63 -432) [ffyP..non + gwen] ; [f�n'h:lnwen E. Vvilliams, fm':lnwen 1\A. Thomas] Y F:fynnon \Ven 1 564rent, Tyr y Fr;nnhon \Ven 1 63 0 F. Green :!'.1SS vol.25 p. 1 6, Y Ffyn Honwen 1 65 1 rent, Tir Ff)rn,."'lon \Ven 1 684 Bromvydd ]\iSS , Fin...."'lon \Vi."'l 1 734 Bronwydd �1SS, Ffynnon Wen 1 743 Bronwydd MSS, Fyn..honwen 1 754 Bronwydd MSS, Ffytmon Wyn als. Ffyfl..non Wen 1 759 Bromvydd MSS, Funonwch 1 785 Bronwydd M..SS , Ffynnonwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , FfyP..non-wen O S 1 834, Ffynnon-\ven OS 1 891

Foe!a!!t -(SN 3 59-420)[y + moel + allt] ; Foelallt 1 764-65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Voilallt 1 773 l\.1.Ricr.ardson :!'.1S 1 85, Voillallt 1 8 1 4PR Llandyfriog, Voelallt 1 8 1 5PR Llangynllo, Voylallt 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Foel-allt OS 1 834

Two dwellings which are ruins since frfty years (1 905 E. Davies: 35] ; cf Y Foe! (1 3-b); cf Faelallt (32-a).

Frondeg -(SN 3 68-456) [y + bron + teg] ; Fron-deg OS 1 891

Garreglven =(SN 347=473)[y + carreg + gwent [gareg'wen }v1. Thomas] Tan Yard 1 839TMS, Gareg-wen OS 1 89 1

.A tannery [ inf. M . Thomas] . C-ernos -(SN 364-450)[y + cu..rn + -os] ; Y Gernos ycha, Geirnos yssaf, Blaen y Geirnos, Tir oddyar Rr..iwr Geirnos 1 564rent, C--oernos c. 1 600 L.Dwtm vol. l p. 1 49, Gernos 1 602 G Owen vol.4 p.476, Geirnos 1 61 1 Bronwydd MSS, Gemos 1 628 F. Green M..S S vo1.25 p.22, Y Gernos issa, Troed Rhiw'r Geyrnos 1 65 1 rent, Geirnos 1 665PR Troedrour, Gurnos 1 670 CD, Geyrnoss c. 1 693 RepWl\1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 729, Gernoss c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p . 9 1 , Tyr y Gernos issa + ycha 1 7 1 3 :!'AJlichardson MS 1 69, Gernoss 1 73 7 l\A.Richardson M...S 1 74, Gurnos 1 760map E.Bowen, Gurnas 1 765map E .Bowen

et a!. , C--.ernose, Tyr Gernose issa + ycha 1 773

I\1Richardson I\-1S 1 85, Gemos 1 803map J. Singer, C-ernos O OS 1 81 1 , Girnos 1 83 6 Bromvydd M:SS, Gernos Mansion 1 83 9TMS, Gernos OS 1 89 1 , Mount Gernos OS 1 904, Caerynos 'the Pight camp', now called Gernos 1 905 E.Davies p. 20 1 , Mou11t Gemos 1 929 TS 3 0/08/29, o'r Gernos 1 979 CER vol 8 p.465, Gernos Farm OS 1 982 A certain

Tyler fa..Tily lived

in

Gernos duri11g the ni11eteenth centu..ry [ 1 977 CER: 8 1 6 1 ] and it is probably .

they who renamed the mansion l'.1ount Gernos; see 1 850 J. James p. 1 6. ..

Gernos Lodge -(SN 3 5 5 -450)[tn. Gemos (12-a) + E. lodge] ; Lodge 1 82 8PR Llangynllo, Gernos Lodge OS 1 89 1

G!asfryn -(SN 3 82-446)[glas + bryn] ; Glasfryn O S 1 904 b.bet. 1 89 1 -1 904 (OS 1 891 ; OS1 904] .

Glennydd -(SN 346-469)[glennydd] ; Glennydd O S 1 982

Glen View -(SN 3 5 3 -444) [E. glen + view] ; Glen View OS 1 982

Glyndewi - (SN 3 77-46 l )[glyn + pn. Dewi]; [g lm dewi I. A Griffiths] '

Glyn-dewi OS 1 982

Graig-fach -(SN 366-423)[y + craig + bach] ; Graig fach 1 796 Bronv.')ldd l\.1S S, Graig-fach cott. 1 83 9Th1S

Gwarllyn -(SN 357-428)[gwar + y + llyn] ; Gwarllyn 1 8 1 7PR Llangynllo, Gwar-llyn OS 1 89 1

Llain -(SN 374-446)[11ain] ; [iajn E . \Villiams] Llain ? 1 81 8PR LlangyrJlo, LlV.yn OS 1 89 1 , Llv.yn 0Sc. 1 950, Llain O S 1 982

Llain Ffostraso! -(SN 372-474)[llai.f1 + tn. Ffostrasol (1 2-a)] ; [iajn I.

A Griffiths]

Llain-Ffostrasol 1 823PR Llangynllo, Llain Eba�[ ] 'y Delyn, Llain Ebach'y Delyn 1 83 9TM..S, Llain Fostrasol 1 84 1 cens.

Llangynllo -(SN 3 5 1=439)[llan + prL CyrJlo ] ; (lag'gmb 0. Rees, E. \Villian1s, I. l� . Griffiths , f.aQ'geni;> l\.1. ..

Thomas] Lan..l(epJan 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl p.272, 'rector' La..flkerellan 1 292 subsidy p.220, Llangvmllo 1 3 99 ERST-David p. 92, Llanguynllo 1 40 1 ERSt-David p. 3 54, Llanguyllo 1 407 ERSt-David p. 3 78, Llangenllo 1407 ERSt-

200

(13) GWYNIONYDD David p.407, Llangunllo 1 486 ERSt-David p.470, LlangyrJlo 1 493 ERSt-David p.672, Llangonlley, Llangonlle 1 5 1 8 ERSt-David p. 852, Ll. Gynllo c. 1 566EPC, LlangiPJlo 1 589 Nouadd MSS, LlangiP..nllo 1 589 Nouadd MSS, Llangwnllo 1 63 3 Bromvydd MSS, Llangun.111loe 1 70 1 Bromvydd MSS, Llangillo (s ic ) 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llangunlloe 1 73 0 Bl'LJ\. ( 1 955) MSS p.48, Langynllo 1 739 Pengelli MS S, Llan Gynllo 1 799EPC, LlangwrJlo 1 803rnap J. S inger, LlangurJlo OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llangunelo 1 849 Bronwydd MSS, LlangyrJlo, St. CyrJlo's Church (Rectory) + Glebe Farm OS 1 89 1 , Glebe Farm + Church OS 1 982, Fferm Llangyunllo 1 983 C--arthen n. 23 There is talk of 6yl Gynllo [fl. l485a L. Glyncothi: 1 0 9] ; G[ltyl] Gynllo frenin (no date given) [1 500% Dem.Calend.] ; feast-day of Cynllo on the seventeenth of July [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 389] ; "Two pedigrees are on record for Cyrl.lo. One underli.11es b..is connection with Cardiganshire by rr1aking hi.1TI a descendant of Ceredig. The other relates to his church at Rhaeadr i.11 Radnorshire. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riai.'l: 38 9] . The etymology given by P. 6 RJain [ 1 994: 389] mak ing the name cognate with OI.pn, Conlaed (composed of *cuno-loig \volf-cal£) is unconvinci.>Jg; it is more likely to be *llmt' a by=form of llau ' light', as the earliest form (recte Lankenlau) shows, another form of this name might be found i.� Cilgynllau (21 -a), and Nantpmllau (41-a) cert.ainly has a personal-name with the element llau 'light'. Saint Cynllo was honoured at F..hayader (Rads.) and gave his name to Llangynllo (Rads.); cf. 1'vfelingynllo (3-a); cf. B.tn. Conleau (Vannes, :f\.1orbi.han). Church reb. 1 81 0 [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan GyrJlo] ; reb. l 875, rectory with 1 20 acres of glebeland [1905 E. Davies: 72]; the living is a rectory in the gift of the freeholders of the parish [c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 1 5 9] . L!ei.11au -(SN 369-475)[lleiPi�u] ; Lleine 1 795PR Troedrour, Lleine 1 83 91MS Llethr-bach -(SN 368-464)[llethr (+ bach)]; [!e-6er'ba:x, I. A. Griffiths] Llether bach 1 822 M.Richardson 1'�1S 208, Llethr�bach OS1 891 L!ethr-mawr -(SN 370-461 )[llethr (+ mawr] ; [le·Ber'mowr I. A Griffiths] Llether y Widdon ? 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Llether mawre 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson MS 1 69, Llethermawr 1 794 .l\1.F.ichardson M.£ 1 99, Llether n:la\\lf 1 803rr..a p J. Singer, Lletharmawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llether-rr.awr 1 8 1 3PR Llangynllo, Llethr 1 81 5PR LlangyrJlo, Llethr-mawr OS 1 834, Llethr-mawr OS 1 891 Llwynffynnon -(SN 374-447)[lhvyn + y + ffynnon] ; [iujn'fm�n Rh. Tho mas] Llwyn-ffynnon OS 1 891 Lon -(SN 364-439)[lon]; Lane 1 8 1 3PR Llangynllo, Lon 1 820PR LlangyrJlo, Cv.'rmni.'1S-isaf OS 1 834, Lon 1 839TIAS, Lon OS 1 891 Lookabout -(SN 358-434)[E. look + about] ; Lookabout 1 8 1 7PR Llangynllo, Look-about 08 1 834, Look-about 08 1 89 1 , Look-about O S 1 904, Look­ about 1 8 3 1 PR Llandyfr1og, Look About 1 839Th1S, Coedfryn 0Sc. 1 950 Maes-yr-haf -(SN 379-46l )[rr.aes + yr + hat] ; [majs�'hra:v I. A. Griffith s] .l\1aes-yr�haf OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1891 ; OS1904] . Maesg!yn -(SN 3 75-458)[maes + y + glyn] ; [majs� g lm E. Williams, I. A. Griffiths] .l\1aesglyn OS 1 982 The glyn is extracted from Clunlynod (1 3-a). Maes-y-!!an -(SN 3 82-444) [rnaes + y + llan] ; Nlaes-y-llan OS 1 891 Which !!an is being referred to? Is it for !an as in Cros-lan ( 13-a)? Maesllyn -(SN 367-446)[maes + y + llyn]; [mas'lm E. Williams] Maesllyn 1 773 MRichardson MS 1 85, Maes y Llyn 1 803w..ap J. S inger, Maesyllyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , M...aslyn 1 841 cens., Maes-y-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Maesllyn OS 1 904 Melin C-emos -(SN 366-441) [meli.11 + tn. Gernos (1 3-a)] ; Y Velin 1 564rent, J\1elin Gv1erchyr 1 65 l rent, J\1elyn Gwerthyr 1 71 3 1'�1.Richardson .l\1S 1 69, Gemos J\1ill 1 773 .l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 85, Felin G--ernos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin Gernos OS 1 834, Feli.� Gernos (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Feli11 0Sc. 1 950 Mill Terrace -(SN 368 446)[E. mill + terrace] ; Mill Terrace OS 1 982 Nantffmen -(SN 355-470)[nant + lm. Ffmen] ; [nant'fmen .l\1 Thorrms] Nant y Ffynnon 1 65 l rent, Nantyfy11no n 1 799PR Troedrour, Nantyfenin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-ffmau OS 1 834, Nantyffynn ne 1 83 2PR L!andyfr!og, Nant'y-ffynnen 1 83 9TMS, Nant-:ffi.nn na t OS 1 89 1 '

-

201

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD The variation between the fonns jjjmnon and .ffinen is problematic, cf LlaH'emeg (71 -a). If Ffinen is correct, then the term ffin is s uitable if it refers to the nearby river Collen which is the lin:1it between the cmmnotes of ls-c.oed Uwch-Hirwem and Gwynionydd. If ffjmnon is correct, then it may refer to the spring some 200m El'lE of the site of Nantffinen . Nantgwylan -{SN 34 9-456) [nant + g'vvylan] ; Blaen Nant Gwylen 1 564rent, Nant Gv.)'len, Blaen Nant Gwillan 1 65 l rent, Nant Gwden 1 760rr.ap E.Bowen, Nantgv.rilan 1 760CF, Nant GVvylan 1 787sur map, Nant Gwen Llan 1 803map J. Singer, Nantgwylan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantgwillan 1 825PR Troedrour, Nantgw11j:ln 1 837TMS Troedrour, Nantyddv..rylan 1 840 Bronwydd MSS, Nant-gVi.rylan OS 1 89 1 , Nantc,vilan als. Nantgwylan 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Nantgv;.'Y!an 0Sc. 1 950, Golygfa inf O.Rees 1Vant-y-dtAvylan as some maintain [ 1 905 E. Davies: 43] , is a popular et)-mology attested as early as 1 840. The form of 1 803 has confhsed this name with nearby Blaengwenllan ( l l �a). Gwylan was given c. 1 700 as the name of the river of the neighbourhood, later found as Afon Cynllo, but both names may l1ave been extracted from the tns. Nantgwylan and Llang;mllo (1 2-a) - cf River Llavar [ 1 667/68 CD 59] . The name appears to be composed with gwylan 'seagull' (which as a feminine noun, composed with nant would be expected to give Nant( -y-)wylan, though an arcl-..aic place-name might forego the defL'lite article, explaining our for m). Two of the earliest forms give gwylen Vv'l>.ich may point to an earlier plural gwylain, but 'seagull(s)' seem an ir.appropriate qualifier for this inland area, u.'lless it \Vas an area they frequently resorted to when there were storms at s ea. Nantpopdy -(SN 3 50-450)[nant + y + popdy] ; [nam 'p:)pti 0. Rees] Nant y Popty 1 564rent, Nant y Pobty 1 73 9 MRichardson �1S 1 75, Nant y Pobdy 1 760CF, Nantypopti OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant y Popty bach (prox. ) 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Nantpobdy 1 84l cens. , Nant-y-pobty OS 1 891 , Nantpobty 1 905 E.Davies, Nant'poptu 1 984 CN 09/1 1 /84 p. 54 New House -(SN 3 65-453)[E. new + house]; New House OS 1 89 1 Niwgat -(SN 357-469)[E. new + gate]; [mwgat l\1. H. Davies] Newgate 1 841 cens. , Newgate c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 , Niw-gat 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. 1 , New Gate (sign) Pa..qt -(S N 3 62-439)[pant] ; Pa.�t 1 8 1 4PR LlangyrJlo, Pant OS 189 1 , Pant cott 1 93 7 Jor.u� Francis �1S S vol.2 p. 1 02 Pa..YJ.t-bach - ( SN 3 6 7-442) [pant (+ bach)] ; [pant'ba:x E. \Villiams] Y Pant bach, Pen Allt Kwerchyr 1 564rent, Tir Pant bach 1 649 Bronwydd MSS, Pant bach 1 65 l rent, Tyr y Pant bach als. Tyr Penallt Gwerther 1 684 Bromvydd �1SS, Pont bach >1 756 Brom\')'dd MSS, Pant bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-bach OS 1 89 1 Pantrefail - ( SN 3 6 7- 474)[ pant + yr + efail]; [pant'revel 0 . Rees, I . l1... Griffiths] Nartt yr Evaill 1 65 1 rent, Pant yr Evell 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS 1 69, Pantyrafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantyrefel 1 8 1 8PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pant'r-efail OS1 834, Pant yr Efail 1 839TMS, Pant-yr-efail OS 1 891 Probably refers to Efail (13-a). Pantglas -(SN 370-459)(pant + glas] ; [pant'gla:s I. A. Griffiths] Pant Glas 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Pant-glas OS 1 891 Pant-mawr -(SN 3 68-440)[pant (+ mawr)] ; Y Pant ma\vr 1 564rent, Tmverb.ill als. (sic) Pant..T..av.'f 1 797 Bromvydd r.ASS, Pant mawr 1 83 4PR L!angyrJlo , Pant-mawr O S 1 8 9 1 Pactsais -(SN 371 -458)[p�'lt + y + sais]; [pant'sajs I. /•.._. Griffiths] Aber Pant y Sais 1 564rent, Pant y Sais 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Sais 1 71 3 M Fichardson MS 1 69, Tyr Pant Sais 1 774 l\1ynachdy l\1S S, Pantsais OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant Sais OS 1 834, Pant'y- sais cot.e 1 83 9Th1S, Pant Sais OS1 89 1 Pant=teg -( SN 372-444)[pant + teg]; Panteg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-teg 1 81 3PR Llangynllo, Pant-teg 1 827PR LlangynJlo , Pant Teg OS 1 834, Pant­ teg OS 1 89 1 , Pant-teg OS1 904, Pantteg 1 905 E.Davies p. l 6 1 , Pant-teg 0Sc. l 950 Parc-badau -(SN 3 59-43 9)[parc + l>..adau] ; Parc-hadau OS 1 89 1 , Parc-hadau OS1 904, i Bare Hadau 1 930 J. J. l\1organ p.8, Parc-yr-hadau OS 1 982 Penrallt - ( S N 348-447)[pen + yr + allt] ; Penyrallt 1 821PR Llangynllo, Penrallt 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 202

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD Penbeili=mawr =(SN 3 63=436)[pen + y + beili (+ ma'vvr)] ; ( pen'bejli E. \Villiams] Baili G[riffith] Goch 1 564rent, Pen y Baili Coch 1 65 l rent, Pen y Byly c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p . 9 1 , Penybayly 1 725 BRA. ( 1 95 5) J\AS S BRft� ( 1 955) l\1S S

p. 47, Pen y Bayly Coch 1 725 Cilgwyn I MSS , Peny Baily Coch 1 725 p.48, Pen y Beily 1 760CF, Gallt Pen y Baily 1 760map E.Bm.ven, i Ben y Beili 1 766

L.J\1orris in 1 949 H. Ov.ren p. 677, Penybaili 1 78 6PR Troedrour, Penybaily 1 795 Bronvvydd MS S, of Benybayly 1 796 Bron�ydd l\1S S, Pen y Baili, 'before' Pen y Beili Bedw 'on account of a tu.mulus near it' 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 20 1 , Penbailey OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penybaily 1 820PR LlangynJlo, Penybayli 1 82 1 PR Llandyfriog, Pen-baili-w..awr O S 1 834, Pen'y Bailey 1 83 9TM..S , Penbeili 1 905 E.Davies p. 1 3 4, Penbeili­ ma'vvr, (c) Allt Beili-mawr (prox.) O S 1 8 9 1 -mawr i s in opposition t o Penbeili-bach (1 1-a). The first form, Baili G[ ] Goch could feasibly stand Gromvy Goch, a person of that name r..ad his seat at Gweman (lO-a) accordi."lg to E. Lhuyd [c. 1 700:

The for

3.90] .

Penffynnon -(SN 372-45 l )[pen + y + ff.Ynnon] ; [pen'fm::m E. Williaw..s] Pen..fo fynn n OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen y Ffynon 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Peny-ffunon 1 827PR Llangynllo, Pen-fPJilllon OS 1 8 3 4, Pen..ffynnon cot . 8 1 83 9TMJ;, Pen-y-:ffyr..non O S 1 89 1

Pengallt -(SN 3 69-430)[pen + allt]; [beugaH E. William..s, �'beugaH I. A. Griffitl"t..s] Pen �Alit Gokyn ? 1 564rent, PeP..allt Bronwidd 1 78 5 Bronwydd MSS , Cefen Bwlch y Ddv.')'fed ? 1 786 Bronwydd l\1S S, 'upper pt. of Ceven Bwlchyddv;yfed, 'called' Pengallt 1 78 8 Brom.vydd l\1S S , Pengallt 1 8 1 3PR Llangy:rJlo, Pen-gallt O S 1 834, Pen-alit, (c) P.Jlt Pen-gallt O S 1 89 1 See Bwlch-y-dchvyfed (12�a).

Penllwybr -(SN 375-46 l )[pen + y + llwybr] ; [pen'i'ojlnr I.

A Griffit.h s]

Pen-lh\')'byr OS 1 904, Penlh\')'br O S 1 98 2

Pen!on - (SN 3 54-444) [pen + y + Ion] ; Penlone 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo, Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 905 E. Davies p . 3 5

Penmownt -(SN 367-452)[pen + y + E. mount] ; Penmount OOS 1 81 1 , Pen y Mount 1 828PR Llangynllo, Pen-mount OS 1 834, Pen-mount OS 1 89 1 , Pen l\1ovmt 1 93 0 J. J.l\1organ p . 5

Penrhos - ( S N 3 8 1 -455)[pen + y + rhos]; [ penr=>s E. Davies (Llai11mrth)) Depot OS 1 982, Pemhos (sign). b.bet. l 904-82

(081 904; 081982] .

Up to at least 1 904 the land on either side of the road was u.tJ.cultivated

moorland.

Persondy -(SN 349-43 6)[persondy] ; Persandy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Persondu 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Llangunllo Parsonage 1 823PR Llangynllo, Person-dy OS 1 834, Persondy 1 83 9TMS Rui..11S [ 1 905 E.

Davies: 34] ; see Rect01Jl (l2-a). Postgwyn -(SN 3 73 -479)[post + g'..".')'n] ; [(c) ka·'r;,nen (prox.) I. A. Griffiths] Post-gv.yn O S 1 89 1

Quarry -(SN 3 56-427)[E. quarry] ; Quarry 1 822PR Llangynllo, Quary 1 826PR L!andyfr!og, Quarry Cott..age OS 1 891

Rectory -(SN 3 5 1 -439)[E. rectory] ; LlanguPllo Rectory 1 83 9Tl\1S, Rectory O S 1 89 1 , The Old Rectory OS 1 982 This probably replaced Persondy (12-a) as the rector's residence, as it was much nearer the church. R..lt iwlas -(SN 3 66-426)[rhiw + glas]; .Rhiwlas 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, R.l}iwlas OS 1 89 1 , Rhiwlas 1 905 E .Davies p. 3 5

Rhos-hu! -(SN 360-466)[tn. P""�os-hul] ; [hro:s'hrl I. A . Griffiths] ��os-hill OS 1 982 \Vhile the elements are clearly descriptive of tr..is location, it has emulated

Rhcslwyn

the hybrid name RJws-hul (3-a).

-(SN 3 53-447)[rhos + lhvyn] ;

Rhosh\')'n OS 1 982

Rhydgoch -(SN 3 67-462) [rhyd + coch] ; Tir y Rhyd Goch 1 564rent, Rhid Gey 1 65 l rent, .Rhyd Goch c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 9 1 , Tyr .Rhyd Goch 1 773 M. Rich..ardson MS 1 84, Rhydcoch 1 78 3 M. Richardson MS 1 92, Rhydcoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.hyd-goch 1 8 1 5PR LlangypJlo, Rhyd-goch O S 1 89 1 , Rhydgoch Farm OS 1 98 2

Sbeit -(SN 3 78-443) [E . spite] ; 203

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD Spite cote 1 839TMS Tanrallt -(SN 3 68-433 )[tan + yr + allt] ; Tanyrallt 1 8 1 6PR Llangynllo, Danyrallt 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Danrallt 1 841 cens. , Dan-yr-allt OS 1 904 Tan-y-groes -(SN 378-462)[tan + y + croes] ; Tan-y-groes OS 1 904 Towerhill - ( SN 3 73-439)[E.tn. Towerhill (Tytherington, Gloucs.)]; [tow�r'hil E. Williams] Towerhill als. (sic) Pantmawr 1 797 Bronwydd MSS, Towerhill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tower-hill 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Towerhill l 8 1 8PR L1angynllo, Tower-hill OS1 834, Towerhill Farm OS 1 982 "Yn Tower HiL yr oedd gWt- boneddig o'r enw Thomas Lewis yn byw. " [1 904 J. Evans: 241 ]. David Lewis, a brother to Thomas Lewis ( 1 725-1 8 1 1 ), lived here in the eighteenth century, he settled in Bristol, firstly as a cooper, but proceeded to become a rich and famous merchant and, according to one authority, he lived in Towerhill near BristoL from which one supposes his old home in Llangynllo parish got its present name, if ever it had another name [ 1 905 E. Davies: 1 62] . The parish of Tytherington lies some 1 7km NNE of Bristol; cf. Towerhill (20-a, 26-a, 40-a; SN 26-38, Cenarth, Canns.). Ty-newydd -(SN 3 59-439)[1)' + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Waring -(SN 363-444)[y + gwarin + -g] ; (c) Warren OS 1 891 , Waring 1 905 E.Davies p. 34 Waunlas -(SN 366-464)[y + gwaun + glas] ; Waunlas OS 1 982 Wem -(SN 344-470)[y + gwern]; Wem 1 83 9TMS, Wem 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, 'r Wem c. l 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 Wemddu -(SN 3 73-449)[y + gwern + du] ; [wer' 1 26 5( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Dyffryn Keveil (prox. ) 1 564rent, Aberkevell 1 750 REvans �1SS , Abercafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abercefel l 82 1 PR Llandysul, Aber-cefel O S 1 834, Aber-cefel O S 1 89 1

Abercerdin -(SN 420-41 5) [aber + h..t1. Cerdin] ; [aber'kerdm E . Williaw..s] Aberkerdin > 1 265( 1 3 32) c-art. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Aber Kerdin 1 564rent, Aber CerdL'l 1 65 1 rent {v.l. R J. Thomas} , Aberkerdyn 1 750 R Evans 11SS, Abercerdin 1 794PR Llandysul, Aber Cerdin 1 803map J. SiP..ger, Abercarden OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pontgerdin ? 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, LA,._bar KerdL.'l 1 8 1 8PR Llandysul, Aber­ cerdin OS 1 834, Abercerdyn 1 84 1 TMS, Aber-cerdin Facto:r; (\l!oollen) O S 1 891 , Aber-cerdin Mills

Mills OS 1 982 G. Jep_l(ins: 1 37] .

OS 1 904, Mills 0Sc. 1 950, Aber-cerdin

A woollen factory 1 870-1946 [1 984 J.

Aberc!etwr -(SN 444-405)[aber + h.'l. Clet\vr] ; Aberglett\vr O O S 1 8 1 1 , Abarclettwr 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Aber-cletwr O S 1 834, Aber-clett\vr O S 1 891

Aberei.non -(SN 452-426)[aber + r..n. Einon] ; [ab�r'ejn:ln, ab�'ejn:ln J. Thomas]

i bont Aber Einon >1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p . 848, Aberynon 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) l\!f _.SS p. 1 24, Aber-eLTlon 0 8 1 834, Aberinon 1 84 1 Th1S, Aber-einon 0 8 1 8 9 1

See sub BlN Cilgraig (14-b), see sub Domenlas (78-b). Abergarddau -(SN 447-42 l )[aber + garddau] ; [aber'g ar(')e J. Thomas] Abergarthe 1 744 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 54, Abergarde 1 747 BRA ( 1 95 5) MS S p. 1 1 4, Abergardde 1 75 8rent, Abergardde 1 790 BR.t\ ( 1 955) M �S p. 1 25, Abergarddau 1 790PR Llandysul, Abergardde 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Abergaroe 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Abergardde 1 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-tegrhyd (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Aber-gardde OS 1 904

Aberythan -(SN 4 1 1 -427)[aber + hn. Ythan]; [a'berean, a 'b�rean, aber'ISan, aber'�Ban E. Williaro..s] Aber Nythan 1 65 l rent, Aberuthan 1 808PR Bangor, Aberythan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-ythan O S 1 834, Aber­ ythan OS 1 904

Mallon -(SN 41 4-455)[tn. Afallon] ; [av'abn E. \Villiams] Mallon OS 1 982

AUt-y-gof -(SN 459-4 1 5)[allt + y + gof] ; [aH�'go:g J. Thomas]

BFi\ ( 1 955) �1S S p. l l , i\lltygo 1 747 BRA. BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 67, Alltygof OOS 1 8 1 1 , Alit y Gof 1 82 1 PR LlandysuL .AJlt-y-gof O S 1 8 3 4, Alit y Go 1 837PR LlandysuL Gallt-y-gof 1 84 1 TMS, .Allt-y-gog O S 1 891 , Alltygove 1 706 BRA. ( 1 95 5) �1S S p. 1 07, Alty Gove 1 742

.. .

( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3 , Alltygof 1 790

Allt-y-gog osc. 1 950

Alltrodyn -(SN 449-442)[allt + yr + odyn] ; [ai tr:ldm M EvaP.s, p!a:s,aH'r:ldm N. Thomas, J. Thomas, farm,aH 'r:ldm J. Thomas] Gallt yr Odyn 1 648 BR�A. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 3 7, AJltyrodyn 1 649 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 3 8, Alt yr Odyn 1 65 8 '

BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 39, Alltyrodyn 1 657 Cawdor (Lort) MSS, Tyr Alt y r Odyn 1 679 BF..A ( 1 955) MSS p. l 04, .AJt yr OdLfl 1 679 BRA ( 1 95 5) r-AS S p . 42, Tir LAJlt-r-odyn 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston J.Davies p.48, Gallt yr Odin 1 728/29 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 08, Gallt yr Odin 1 760map E. B owen,

& Alit yr

Odyn 1 803map J. Singer, Allt'Jrodin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Allt-yr-odyn OS 1 834, Allt-yr-odL.� + Chapel 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Galltyrodyn 1 860 Cyf Eist. Llanbedr p . 88, Allt-yr-odyn OS 1 89 1 , Galltrodyn (dialect) 1 896 ¥/. J.Davies p. 272, Galltyrodyn 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 3 27, i\lltyrodyn + Alltyrodyn Farm 0 8 1 982

AJ.ltrod.yn-fach -(SN 453-44 1 )[a!lt + yr + odyn (+ bach)] ; [ ait,r:ldm'va:z, (c) p:lnt,aH,r�dm'va:x J. Thomas] Allt'r-odyn fach 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL ftJlt yr Odyn fuch 1 832PR LlandysuL Lodge OS 1 89 1 , S outh Lodge (sign)

Ama.:qt -(SN 442-456) [ar- + P.ant]; Amant O S 1 982

Arosfa -(SN 406-449){aros + -fa] ; [ar':>sva E. \Villiams, N. Thmnas] Arosfa OS 1 982

Ba.11c Ca�teUhywe! -(SN c.452-48 1 ) [bane + tn. Castellhywel (1 4-a)]; Bane OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bank Castle Howe! 1 826PR Llandysul, Bane OS 1 834

Bancfoe! -(SN 446-426)[banc + tn. Foel (14-a)] ; Bankvoel, BarJcy Voel l 84 1 TMS, Pantyfoel ? 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 63

Bane Llanfair -(SN 43 8-4 1 2) [banc + tn. Llanfair (1 4-a)] ; [bagk'l-anver S. Williams] 206

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Banc-llanfair 08 1 89 1 , The J\1ansion House of Llanfair Farm of Bank Llanfair 1 908 J.Francis 1'.1SS vol.2 p. 97 Banc-y-plas -(SN 455-413)[banc + y + plas]; [bagk�'pla:s J. Thomas] Banc-y-plas OS1 891 Tr.is r.ame is also given to the su.-r:rounding houses [inf J. Thomas] . The plas referred to is Gwaunifor (1 4�a). Banc-y-plas Cottage -(SN 455-41 2)[tn. Banc-y-plas (1 4-a) + E. cottage]; Ty newydd Bankyplas ? 1 884 John Francis M..SS vol.2 p. 97, Banc-y-plas-Cottage OS 1 89 1 Bargod -(8N 383-463) [ar- + coed] ; [barg:xl E . Williarr1s, N . Thomas, (c) hnw'barg;,d (prox. ) I . A . Griffiths] Argod y Brain 1 564rent, Barged y Brain 1 65 1 rent, Tyr P..rcoed y Brain, Bargoed J\1ill 1 774 J\1yr.achdy MSS, Bargoed 1 798PR Troedrour, Bargoed 008 1 81 1 , Argoed 1 825PR Troedrour, Bargoed O S 1 834, Bargod 1 832PR LlangyPJlo, Bargod y Brain 1 84 1 TM..S, Byrgoed OS 1 89 1 , Bargoed OS 1 904 The added epithet brain w.akes it more likely that argoed was the original meaning not bargod; cf. Bargod and Argoed-y-gofain (22-a). Barley Mow -(SN 41 7-406)[E. barley + mow] ; Barley J\1ou.'1t 1 826PR Llandysul Barley ]\.1ow 1 827PR LlandysuL Barley l',.1ow 1 84 1 cens. Beeches -(SN 4 1 4-409)[E. beeches] ; The Beeches OS 1 982, Beeches, Ffawydd (sign) A housing estate. Beili =(SN 3 99=450)[beili]; [bejli E. \Villia.T.s, N. Thomas] Tir Bailie Rees ap Ieuan 1 573 Cilg'vyn I MSS, Blailabeth ? 1 65 1 rent, Baily OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed Rbiw'r Baili ? 1 822PR Llallc, oynllo , Baily 1 841 TMS, Bily, Bily als. Beily 1 887 John Francis MSS vo1. 2 p.5, Beili 08 1 89 1 Beili-bach -(SN 399-449)[beili (+ bach)] ; [bejli'ba:z E. \Villia1r.s] Bayly bach ? 1 7 1 8/19 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol. 4 p. 764, Caire als. Beily bach ? 1 760CF, Bailey bach 1 769 Davies-Evans M..SS, Bilibach 1 8 1 9 BRA.. ( 1 95 5) M..SS p. 1 3 1 , Beili-bach OS1 834, Beili-bach OS1 891 The old name of Rhyd.fenai (14-a) was also Beili-bach; cf Blaenafon (9-a). Bei!i-gwyn -(SN 461 -447)(beili + gwyn] ; [ bejli g wm J. Thomas] Tyr y Bayly Gwyne 1 672 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 1 04, Bayly Gwyn 1 706 BIV\ ( 1 955) MSS p. l 07, Bailey Gwynn 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 3, Bayli Gwyn 1 805PR LlandysuL Balygwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Baili-Gwyn OS1 834, Baily-gwyn 1 84 1 TMS, Beili-gwyn OS 1 891 Berthlas -(SN 442-452)[perth + glas] ; Berthlas 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) J\1SS p. l 1 4, PertrJas 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) 1MSS p. l 25, Berthlas 1 825PR Llanwnnen, Berth Las 1 828PR Llanwenog, Perth�las OS 1 891 Berthlwyd -(SN 421 -452)[y + perth + llwyd]; [ber6'lujd E. Williams, b�rO'lujd N. Thomas] (cott.) Berthllwyd 1 747-1 808 R Evar.s l\1S8, Berthhvyd 1 808 R Evans l\1S 8, Perthlhvyd 008 1 81 1 , Berthllwfd OS 1 834, BertrJhvyd 1 83 5PR Lla.'1dysuL Berth-IV.yd OS 1 891 Bethel -(SN 449-424)[Bibl.tn. Bethel] ; [be9el S. Williams, be8el, kapel'be9el J. Thomas, kapel'newi S . Williams, he·n'gapel adj. S . Williams, �'hre-g'gapel, kapel'en:lk (adj . ) J. Thow.as] Capel Bethel (\Ves. l\1eth. ) OS1 891 , Bethel, (Llandyssul) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 280, Abereinon 'replaced by' Capel Dewi 1 98 0 E.Edwards p.68 b. l 83 3 [ 1 851 Rel cens . : 501 ; c. l902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280]; b. l 836, closed c. 1 903, b. 1 903-04 [1 980 E. Edwards: 68; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 98] . The "replaced by Capeldewi" [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 68] is wisleading as the new Bethel was built almost alongside the older one. The first chapel was named after Enoc Jones as part of the deal by which the dissenters got land to build the chapel from the squire of Alltrodyn [inf. J. Thomas] ; denow� '

\\TM.

Blaenborthun -(SN 462A1 7) [blaen + r.n. Borthun] ; [bla·n'b�rem J. Thmr..as ] 'Aborthen' ? c. 1 350(1 933)map W.Rees, Capel Borthin 1 73 3 Paroch.Wall. i.fl 1 91 0 Cymmrodor vo1. 22 p. 60, Blaenporthin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-Port}lin OS 1 834, Capel Borthi.� (prox.) 1 836 R.Rees p. 328, Blaenborthyn 1 841 Th18, Blaen-borthyn 08 1 8 9 1 , Capel Borthin c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.214, Capel Borthyn (als Borthin) 1 967 CER vo1. 5 p.426 This name is connected with the long�abandoned Capel Borthun, vvhich was succeeded by Capel Gwaunifor (14-a) (c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tlh"llcr: 214] ; The stones from St. Martin's ancient chapel at Borthun was used to build Capel Gwaunifor (14-a) [1951 WGaz. 04/01/5 1 ; 1 961 H. R. Eva.11s: 1 52] ; Ffair Fartin - later removed to Llan-y-bydder (Ca.rms.) [1930 D. C . Evans: 71 ; 1 951 WGaz. 04/01/5 1 ; 1 970 K. Davies: 159] ; fair held on the twenty207

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD first of November [ 1 95 1 WGaz. 04/01/51 ; 1 967 CER: 5.426] ; " . . . a date [i. e. the twenty-frrst of November] tl>.at wight be ta..k:en . to correspond to 1 1 November (new style), this being the feast of St. Martin. " (1967 CER: 5.426]; the twenty-sixth of October [ 1 930 D. C. Evans: 71; 1 970 K. Davies: 1 5 9] ; in 1 927 Ffair Farti.11 was held on the twenty-second of November [ 1 996 Faner Ne,.vydd: 1 .3 1 ] . The local equation of Borthun \\rith Martin (evident in the neighbourir1g toponyrr..s Brynmartin , Castellmartin, and Ffair Fartin, discussed above) may point to a venerable tradition. The form lvforthin v:ould be the expected older form of the r.ame from L. A1artinus ( cf W. morthw(y)l � L. mart'..dus), and fJrthermore it is attested in the tns. Garthmorthin (SH 53-38, Cri.ccicth, Cacrns.), and Cwm-A1orthin (SH 67-46, Ffcstiniog, �v1ers.). The quasi-regular interchange of initial with , sometimes gives a non-etymological , e.g. mana! (W. banadl), lm. Mydr (if from W. budr), but also sometimes gives a non-etymological , e. g. bawd (B. meud, 0\V. maut, V!. modrwy), bigwrn (\V migwrn, B. migorn) , which could explain the evolution of Morthin to Borthun at this site. As a result of all the above P. 6 Riai.n's doubts on the equation (" The problem is, however, that !\.�rthin and not Borthin or even ]\;[orthi..'"l is the usual \Velsh form of the r.ame. " [ 1 994: 3 94] ) can be overcome. However the Aborthen placed near Blaenborthun on VI. Rees's 1 933 map of thirteenth�century South Wales - if correct, for he was prone to roisidentify places on his map - w.a.y show that Borthun has a different etymology from that suggested above. R J. Thomas (who did not consider that Borthin could have been a form of .A1orthin) discussed it i..11. the context of streaw..s named so, he deems Borthun to be a: "Nant fechan yn codi ym �1laen Borthin i'r deau-dd-vvyrai..11 o Gapel Dewi ac yn rhedeg i Deifi tu isaf i Lanllwni. " [ 1938 R. J. Thomas: 200], or to be more precise, the stream \-vhich joi..'1S the Tei:fi at Pont Llanflhangel, and has its source near Blaenborthun. One could argue, however, that blaen in tl1is case may mean 'top part of (tn. ) Borthun', rather than 'source, headwaters of (hn.) Borthun', and that R J. ThoiP.a.s's description of the course of a stream called Borthun is merely extrapolated from the location of Blaenborthun. Nevertheless, t.IJ.e fact that there are five other places - of wllich one is assuredly a stream ­ all named Borthun makes one suspicious of ascribi..11g them all to the personal-name Morthin, hov:ever popular a name it became. If the form Aborthen is to be trusted as the original name here, it would 1--.ave regularly developed to Borthun, and led to a false identification with A1orthin, an early form of the name of the saint Martin, fi.rm1ly inspiring a dedication to that saint at Capel Borthun. For a discussion as to the meaning of Borthun, derived from A borthen, see sub Borthun ( 48-a ). Blaenbwber -(SN 434-464)[blaen + ? ] ; [b!an'buber M Evans] Blaen-bwber 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 39, Blaenbwber c. 1 970 WFM MS 21 1 1/7, Pentref Blaenbwber 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp. l 3 , 1 9 The meaning o f bwber i s unclear, and as the nearby river i s the Cletwr-fawr, it either refers t o an i..11significant ditch, or is not a hydronym, cf. PH)ll-y-bwmper (3-a). Pentre Blaenbwber comprised: Pensteps (14-a), Pwll-y-geletsh (14-a). Blaencathl -( SN 457-467)[blaen + lm. Cathl] ; [bla�g'ka8al N. Thomas] Blayn Catbil >1265( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Blaencathal 1 8 1 1PR LlandysuL Blancat..lJ.al 1 8 1 5PR LlandysuL Blaen Catha! OS 1 834, Blae Cathal l 841 TNfJ;, Blaen-cathal OS1 891 The h11 Cathl is an alias of Cled!yn (d). Bla encefaii -(SN 426-452)[blaen + 1:-tll. Cefail] ; [blau'kevel N. Thomas, J. Dafis] Blaengefel c. l 600 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 144, Blaencefel 1 83 4PR Llandysul, Blaencefel OS1 891 Blaencerdin-fach -(SN 378-48 1 ) [blaen + lm. Cerdi..11 (+ bach)] ; [bla:n,kerdm'va:x Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, bla13 ,kerdm'va:z E. \Villiams] Blaen-cerdin-fach OS1 834, Blaen-cerdin-±ach OS 1 891 Blaencerdi-.-fawr -(SN 386-489)[blaen + hn. Cerdin (+ ma\vr)] ; [b!ag,kerdm'vowr E. Williaw..s, bla:n 'kerdm N. Thomas, blau,kardm'mowr J. Dafis] Blaen Kerdin vawr 1 564rent, Blaen Cerdin 1 65 l rent, Blaen...�erdin 1 760CF, R...�yd y Droell als. Tyr Blaen Kerdi.11 1 774 MyP.a.chdy MSS, Blaen Cerdyn 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Blaencerdyn 008 1 81 1 , Blancerdin 1 824 D.Da\ris p.200, Blaencerdin fa\vr, Blaencerdi.fl IP.a.vvr 1 84 1 TMS, Blaen-cerdin-fuwr OS1 891 Blaencribor -(SN 405-482) [blaen + h...11. Cribor] ; [ bla:n'kr�b:)r Ll. Jones] Blaen Cribor 1 564rent, Blaen Kribar 1 65 l rent, Blaen=cribor OS 1 891 Blaencwm -(SN 384-446)[blaen + y + cwm]; {bla:g'kum, now tegvan E. Williams] Blaen Cwm 1 803map J. Singer, Blancwm 1 803PR Llandysul, Blaen-cv'.rm OS 1 891 Blaencwmcedifor -(SN 434-432)[b1aen + C\Vm + J:>..n. Cedifor]; [blajn'kum J. Thomas] • .

208

( 1 4) G\VYNIONYDD Blannant Kedi.'lor, Nant Kedmor (prox. ) >1265(1 332) cart. Tal-llycr�u (b) p. 1 63, Nant Kedivor (prox. ) >127 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau (a), Cwmcoed Ivor 1 750 REvart..s MSS, (c) Slang Blaen Cvvm 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 1 8, Blaenc\vm Caedifor 1 793PR Llandysul, Blaencwmcoedifor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blanc\vmcadifor 1 81 2PR Llandysul, Blaenc\vmcodifor 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 94, Blaen-c\vm-cadifor O S 1 834, Blaen-cvllTI-cadifor OS 1 891 , Blae-cwm-coed-ifor 1841 Th1S, Blaen-c\vm-cadifor OS1 89 1 , Blancwm (dialect) 1 896 \lf.J.Davies p.23 6 The reduction of [-ked-] to [ -k�d-] in the pre-stress syllable \Vas responsible for allo\ving the rea..'lalysis as coed (for details see sub Cwmgwaednerth, 8-a), this reduction is not evidence-d in the forms of this particular name, but i.11 its emulated c-ounterpa.rt Blaencedifor (1 9-a), the pronunciation was noted as blan cyd'ifor in 1 948. Other examples of the persoP�l-name Cedifor being treated as Coed lfor '!for's wood' are: CH'mcoedifor (SN 58�38, P..hydcymerau, Canns.); Esgaircoedifor (SN 93�50, Treflys, Brees.); Bryncoedifor (SH 79-20, Brithdir, Mers.); cf sn. Coedwallider 1 7 1 8 (Pembs.) for Cadwaladr [ 1 996 J. & S. Rowlands: 83] ; cf sub Coedigyll (14-a). The stream named Nantcedifor >127 1, had become simply Cedifor by at least 1 750, and is a tributary to Gwef?ffrwd(ii). Blaencwm Fforest -(SN 408-468)[b!aen + y + cwm]; [!au'kum E. Willia..'l1S, Ll. Jones, N. Thow.as] Blaen Cwm Fforest 1 564rent, Blaen-cwm 1 564rent, Blaen Cwm Fforest 1 796PR Llandysul, Blaencwmforest OOS 1 81 1 , Blancwm-fforest 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Blae Cv.m Forest 1 841 Th1S, Bla'n-Cwm >1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 47, Blaen-cwm OS 1 891 , Lancwm OS1 982 B!aencwm-Merwydd -(SN 395-424)[blaen + tn. C�im-J\1erv.'Ydd (14 a)] ; [blajn,kom'merwi E. Williams] Blaencwmerwydd 1 8 1 8PR LlandysuL Cefn Horeb 1 84 1 Th1S, Blaencv.menvydd OS 1 982 This place is different from Blaenmenvydd (12-a). Blaeneinon -(SN 469-456)[blaen + hn. Ei.11on] ; Tythyn Blaen Eignon 1 639 BR..1945 T.J. Thorrms p. 96, Bryngroes OS 1 982 b. bet. l 89 1 - 1 904 ( 081 89 1 ; 081 904] . Bryngwilym -( S N 404-420)[bryn + tn. [Castell]gwilym (1 4-a)] ; Br1265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Camnant 1 73 1 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p.48, Cam11a.nt 1 760map E.Bowen, Carrmant 1 803map J. Singer, Cam.rt.ant OS 1 8 l l , Ca:m.•"'.ant OS 1 89 1 , Camnant + Camnant Hall OS 1 904 Though it is ll1fficult to decide whether nant me.ans 'valley' or 'stream' in the c.ase of inverse coP.structions, Camnant was considered a stream-name i.fl the thirteenth century, and it seems that the place is simply named after the stream. The deeply indented dingle that feeds the river C!etwr is not particularly crooked; cf Camnant (d); Troedrlnvch als. Camnant (12-a). Camnant=fach -(8N 444�457)[cam + nant (+ bach)]; (kamnant'va:z, now g arB'owen N. Thornas] Ca\vnarnt bach 1 706 BF�I\. ( 1 955) rvr..s s p. 1 07, Camnant vach 1 742 BF�I\. (1 955) MSS p. 1 1 , Camnantfach 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l 14, Cvvm Nant fach, Cam...qant fach 1 841 TJVT..S , Camnant-ffich OS 1 904, Camnant fach, 'now' Garthowen 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 3 1 0, Camnant-Ia.ch 0Sc. 1 950, Garthowen OS 1 982 Capeldewi(i) -(8N 459=436)(Gwarcoed-isa)[capel + pn. Dewi] ; Capel-Dewi (site of) OS 1 904 There was a well nearby called F:,"(ynnonddewi, the fair tb.at was held here was removed to Llatu:mrth because the \vell was too near the graveyard [ 1 997 E. Gn.L.Fft;dd : 1 9] (see sub Banc-y-jfair, 22-b) . CAPELDEWI( ii) -(SN 45 1 -425)[tn. Capeldewi(i) (14-a)] ; [kapel'dowi I. ii'"· Griffiths, kape!'d;,wi M. Evans, kapel'dewi J. Davies, a.r'eglus J. Thomas] Dewi Chapel St. David's Chapel 1 83 6 in 1 903 G.E.Evw.s p. 1 66, Church 1 84 1 TMS, St. David's Church OS 1 89 1 , Capel Dewi Sant i.fl 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 66, Capel-Dewi 0Sc. l 950, Ch OS 1 982 Church b. 1 83 5, rest. 1 886 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 2 1 4] . Comprising: 1) Abereinon, 2) Bet.�el, 3) Broneinon, 4) Bvll, 5) Camden, 6) Cilgraig, 7 ) Cilrhiwau, 8) Crossvale, 9) De\;vi Villa, 10) Fedwen, 1 1) Foel, 1 2) Llundain-fach, 13) Pont Foel, 14) Rampin, 15) Roc(ii), 16) Sandyhill, 17) Ysgol Capeldewi. Capel-y-graig e (8N 41 7-407)[capel + y + craig] ; Llandyssul, C.apel y Graig c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.282 b. 1 884 as a schoolhouse [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-TlLrner: 282; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 98] ; denom. U [c. l 902 E .R. Horsfall­ rumer: 282]. Capel Gwaunifor -(SN 455-414) [capel + tn. Gwauflifor (14-a)] ; �.1eeti.�g Ho. OOS 1 8 l l , Capel-\Vaun-Ifor OS 1 834, Capel \Vaun-ifor (Calv. �..1eth.) 08 1 891 , \Vaunivor c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 277, Chap OS 1 982 b. 1 760 [ l 8 5 1 Re! cens. : 501 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 277] ; b. 1 854 (c. l 902 E. R. Horsfull-Tmner: 277] ; b. 1 856--57 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 289; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 97] ; "The chapel was built by a gentleman after his wife heard '

211

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD l\.1ethodists preach at Twrgwyn. The \vill of this rrmn gave the chapel to the lVIethodists. " [ 1 987 B . J. Rawlins: 97]. Cape! Horeb -(SN 394-424)[capel + Bibl.tP� Horeb]; J\1eeting House 1 84 1 1MS, Capel Horeb (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Horeb, Llandyssul c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.279, Chapel OS1 982 Replaced a meeting house at Pant-y-crouddyn (1 4-a), b. l 784 [ l 85 1Rel cens . : 502; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall�Turner: 279; sign]; enl. + reb. l 826 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 502; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 987 B. J. Ravvlins: 97; sign]; 1 832 (1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 97]; 1 879 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279; sign] ; denom I. Capel-newydd Llwyn Rhydywain -(SN 441 -458)(capel + newydd + tn. Llwyn Rhyd)".vain (1 4-a)] ; [kape!'newi� iujn,hri:d'owen J. Dafis] Unitarian Ch.apel OS1 891, Llwynrhydowen (Llandyssul) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.282, Capel OS1 904, Y Capel ne\vydd 1 979 D.W.Bundock p.22, Capel OS1 982 b. 1 878-79 [c.l902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 22; 1 988 Ga.rt..hen: 67]; see Hengapel Llwyn Rhydy111ain (1 4-a) . Capel Pantdefaid -(SN 425-447)[capel + tn. Pantdefaid (l�a)]; Ty-cwrdd-pant-y-defaid O S 1 834, Capel Pant-y-defaid (Unitarian) OS 1 891, yng Nghapel Pantdefed 1 896 W.J.Davies p.248, Pant y Defaid (Llandyssul) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.282, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 802-03 [c . 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 85 1Rel cens. : 501]; reb. l 836 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282] ; reb. 1 840 (1 85 1 Re1 cens.: 50 1 ]; ren. 1 898 [ c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall- Tu..tner: 282]. Carmel �(SN 426-445)[Bibl.tn. Carmel]; Carmel=Chapel 1 841 Tl\1S , Capel Carmel (Indt.) OS 1 891, CarmeL nr. Llandyssul c. l 902 E.RHorsfall� Turner p. 278 b. l 8 1 9 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 501 ; c . 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 2 78 ]; enl. + reb. 1 832 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 501 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall­ Tumer: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 97] ; denom. I. Castellcerdin -(SN 408-444)[castell + r..n. Cerdin]; [(c) kt1ok�'kastcl E. \VilliaiT'.s] (c) Gwein Castel Kerdin 1 649 Bron\h.'Ydd MSS, Castle Kerdin 1 65 l rent, Castle Cerdin 1 6 5 1 rent {v. l. R J. Thomas} , Castel Kerdyn, Castell Kerdyn 1745 Aberglasney MS 1 1 4, Castell OS 1 834 The site lies between Tregroes ( 14-a) and Felin-lifo (14-a), now flattened (wedi ei wastodi) under bungalmvs [i..'1f E. Willia'll .. s] . Castellgwilym -(SN 408-41 7)[castell + pn. Gwilym]; [kastcl'gwihm E. \Villiams] Castell-Ewillim OS1 834, Castell Gwillia� Castell Gwillim 1 841 TMS, Castell-Gwilym OS 1 891 "A slight bank, with no visible ditch, apparently formed the corner of a rectangular enclosure. The site is heavily overgrmvn and largely obliterated. " [1 994 J. L. Davies & A. H. A Hogg: 248] . Casteilhr..vel -(SN 443-482)[ castell + pn. Hywel]; [kastei'huwel �Y1. Evans, kastcl'hnvel Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, kastcl'wel E. Evans] 'CastelLhywel' ±1. 1 485d L.Glyncothi p. 1 77, Castell Howell 1 55 8/59 NA MSS, Kastel! Hmvel c. 1 569 Rep\Vl\.1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 895, CasteLlJ. Howel Ga\vr c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. 1 30, Kastel! Howell c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Castell Howell 1 690 BRA. (1 955) l\.1SS p. 1 06, Castle Howell 1 71 1 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p . 5 1 , Castell HoweI 1 760map E. Bowen, Castell Howell 1 760CF, Castell Hwel l 8ilicent. RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p.941, Castle Howel l 803map J. Singer, Castle-Howell l 841 TMS, Castellhwel 1 842 NLW MS 3500-B, Castle House 1 85 1 in. 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 64, Castle-Howell OS1 89 1 , y Nghastellwel (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.234, Castell Hwel l 896 \V. J.Davies p.235, G\vrallt neu Gastell Hywel 1 898 Gweithiau Christmas Evans vol. l xii, Ca.s] K:yiDanvoydwy 1 5 64rent, Cwm I\1eydw 1 65 l rent, Cumeiddwy 1 6 8 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) �AS S p. 1 04, C\\-IDoydw 1 747

BR.A.. ( 1 95 5)

MSS p. 1 1 2, Cwmoidw als. Cwmeidwy 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MJ; S p. 1 23, Cwmoydw als.

Cwmeidwy 1 78 5 M.Fichardson MSS p. 457, Cwmoidw 1 803PR LlandysuL Cvmnnerdwy 008 1 8 1 1 ,

Cwm-idiau O S 1 834, C \vmoidw 1 837Th1S Bangor, Cwm Moidw 1 841 Th1S, Cwm-meudvv�J OS 1 89 1 , Cwm lVIeudw 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7

Cwmsgud'tl'}'ll -(SN 43 8 486) [ cv m + ? ] ; [kum'skidwm N . Thorruts, J. Dafis, Ll. Jones] �

C\.vm-sedd-ifan

v

OS 1 891 ,

C\\lffi-scudvvyn

O S 1 904,

C\\lffiysgydwydd 1 979 D. W.Bundock p. l 9

217

Cwmsgid\vyn

c. 1 970

WFM

MS

2 1 1 1 /7,

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD This site is in a little dell, so that cwm seems assured as the first element. The second element, however, rernains obscure, seemL.'lgly conta:h"ling a word such as the rare feminine noun ysgftd 'coin, shield'

ysglid] ,

or the adjective esgud 'quick,

S\x;ift',

masculine gwyn, rather than femi.fline gwen is problematic, cf Nantsbydwyn etymology cwm cysgod yr wyn

Cwmtegryd -(SN 444�41 8)[cwm +

[GM s.v.

or even ysgwyd 'shake'. However, the seeming lePition of

[i.'1f. Ll. Jones] can be discounted. tn. [Nan]tegryd ( 1 4-a)] ; [pen'lo:n

old

nant'sp!dwm (d).

na..'lle,

kmn'tegrid

The popular

new house S .

Williams] Cvm1tegrid 1 823PR L!andysul, Cwmtegryd 1 824 D. Davis p.208, Cv..rmtegryd 1 829PR Llandysul, Cvm1 Tegryd 1 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-tegrhyd OS 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 9, Cv.m-tegryd O S 1 904 The old house of Pen/On stood at the E end of the present-day courtyard. The new house b. l 9 1 2 was called Cwmtegryd

(inf. s. Williams] . However it is evident that Cwmtegryd existed as a name for this place

before 1 9 1 2; cf Nantegryd ( 1 4-a).

Cwmtywyll -(SN 446-439)[cwm + tywyll] ; Tir y c,x,m Tm.vyll 1 672 BRA ( 1 95 5) J\AS S p.40, C\vmtywyll 1 808PR Llandysul, C\\Tffit)".vyll OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvm1-tywyl1 1 84 1 TMS, (c) Allt C\\lffi-tywyll OS 1 89 1 Cwmui -(SN 402-430)(cwm + pn. Ul]; [kum'i:! N. Thomas, Cvvm Yl 1 564rent, Cwm

kum'hi:l E . Williaws] Yl ycha + issa 1 623 Bronvvydd l'v1SS , Gallt Cvvmyll 1 65 1 rent, Coomil 1 697

Bronwydd M..S S, Cwm'yl l 698 Bromvydd M.S S, Cwm Yl l 73 7 B ronwydd MSS , C¥.wil 1 760CF, Cwmeel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmul 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Cwm-ul O S 1 834, Cwmmul, Cwmul l 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-ul O S 1 891 ,

(c) R..lllw . &vvtn.il

l 924-26 CSRLS 1 4,

(c) R...lllw Cv.-mul (prox.)

1 95 8 WHA: l\1S 1 506/2 p.53

us lvn in the

The dissection of the name according to the early forms of 1 564, 1 623, 1 698, 1 73 7 appeJ'l ...r to prevent considering 0¥/.tn.

mul

'mule', we are left with a pn.

A4erthir Ivn [et] Aaron [c. 1 140 LL: 235] .

* Ul

+-

L.pn. Iii/ius, only attested as garbled

Cwrt-y-gwybed -(SN 428-467)[cv.rt + y + g'vvybed] ; [kurb'gwibed N. Thomas, ]\.1.Evans] Clettwr Arms (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , yng Nghwrt-y-gwybed > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 47, Cwrtygwibed c. 1 970

WFM MS

2 1 1 1/7, Cwrt O S 1 982

Closed as an inn 1 921

[ 1 979 D. w. Bundock: 35]. Cyfyng -(SN 434-4 1 4) [cyfyng] ; {kiVm D. l\.1organ] Cyfh'lg 1 8 1 6PR LlandysuL Ce:fu (sic) O S 1 891 , Cefn (sic) O S 1 904, Cyfing (Lodge Llanfair) 1 908 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 97 The word cyfjlflg is an adjective, which

in this place-na...1e11 is nominalised, meaning 'constriction', which

refers in this particular case to the way the land is herruned in between the T eifi river and the steep slopes

just to the northwards; cf Cyjjmg (17-a), Trering (63-a). Darren-fach -(SN 420-484)[ ? (+ bach)] ;

Tir Ystlys y Darren 1 564rent, Aber Darren 1 65 l rent, Darren fach 1 806PR Llandysul, Darren fach 1 803map J. Singer, Daren fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Daran-isaf O S 1 834, Darengenol (prox. ) 1 84 l cens . , Aderyn­ ffich O S 1 89 1 , Daren-rach OS 1 904, Darren-fa\x.rr (sic) 0Sc. l 950 See Darren-fawr (1 8-a). Derlvij'll -(SN 448-425)[derw + llwyn] ; [pentre'derlujn J. Thomas] Derlwyn 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Derlhvyn OS 1 834, Derlwyn OS 1 891

Dewi Villa -(SN 453-427)[tn. [Capel]dewi (14-a) + E. villa] ; [dewi'vda J. Thomas] Dewi Villa OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1-1 904 [OS 1 89 1 ; OS1 904] .

Dinascerdin - (SN 3 86-467) [dinas + hn. Cerdin] ; [dinas E. Williams, dinas'kerdm N. Thow.as] Ter y Dit'..as 1 564rent, �Jllas Kerdin 1 6 5 1 rent, DyP..as Cerdh'1 1 65 1 rent {v.l. R J. Thomas} , Dinas 1 748/49

Cilgwyn I MSS,

Dinas 1 760CF p. 83 , Dinas Cerdin 1 8thcent

RepWMSS voU pt 2

p. 941 , Dinas 1 803map

J. Singer, Di..�s Cerdyn, Dinas Gerdin 1 84 1 TI.1S, Dinas isaf + uchaf + fach 1 841 cens. , Dinas OS 1 89 1 , Dinas-Cerdin OS 1 904 Cf Dinascerdin

(1 4-b).

Dolbantau -(SN 445-407)[dolbantau ?]; [fatri,d=>l'hante S . Williams] Dolbantau Factory 1 887 John Francis l\AS S vol.2 p . 8, Dol-bantau Woolen Factory OS 1 891 Is the presumed si..'lgular dolbant a composed term to be compared with llmt'rbant and g>;vaun-bant?

Dolfor -(SN 446-4l l )[d01 + mawr] ; [d =>l v =>r J. Thomas] Dolfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dolfor 1 8 1 5PR LlandysuL Ddolfor O S 1 834, Ddolford O S 1 89 1 , Dolfor OS 1 904

218

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD DOI.ganfed �(SN 4 1 9-4 1 2)[dol + ? ] ; Dol Ganved 1 564rent, Dolyganved 1 75 0 R Evans MSS, Ddol-ganved 1 773sur map, o f DdolgaP.fed 1 794PR LlandysuL Ddol 1 809PR Llandysul, Ddol O S 1 834, Ddolgafed, Ddolganfed 1 841 TMS, Dol­ ganfed O S 1 89 1 Dolgranod -(478-482)[dol + y + garanod]; [dol'gran;xl E. Evans] Dolgranod 1 83 0PR Llanwenog, Dolgranod 1 843TMS Llanwenog, Dolgranod 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Dolwallter -(SN 448-403)[dol + pn. Gwallter]; [dol'waHer l\A. EvaP.s, J. Davies, do·l'waHer J. Thomas, do 'waiter J. Thomas] Tyr Dol Walter 1 679 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 04, Tir Dol Wallter 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & !.Davies p.47, Dole Walter 1 706 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, Dolywallter 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 67, Dolwallter 1 8 1 0PR LlandysuL Dolewalter OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ddol-walter OS 1 83 4, Ddolewallter 1 83 3PR LlandysuL Dolwallter 1 841 TMS, Ddol-walter OS 1 89 1 , Ddol-walter OS1 904, Dolwallter OS 1 982 Dolwi!ym -(SN 441 -403)[dol + gwilym]; [d:)l'wihm S. \Villiarns, do,l'wihm J. Thomas] Dole Wyllin 1 725 M.Richardson MS 1 72, Dole Wilim 1 760CF, Ddole Wylym 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Dohvylim 1 823PR LlandysuL Dolewilym 1 826PR Llandysul, Dolwilli..T.., Ddol-William 1 84 1 TIVIS, Ddol­ Gwilyn (sic) 0Sc. 1 950, Ddol-Gv1ilym OS 1 891 Dre-ne·wydd(i) -(SN 441-457)(Rhyd_ywai..'1)[y + tref + newydd] ; Trenewidd 1 809PR Llandysul, Drenewydd 1 8 1 5 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 1 29, Drenewydd 1 841 TM..S, Dre­ nevvydd OS 1 904 Formerly part oLMoelhedog (1 4-a) [1817 BR.t\ (1 955) MSS: 1 30] . Dre-newydd(ii) -(SN 4 1 1 -425)(Pentre Llwyn)[y + tref + ne\\'Ydd] � [dre'newi E. \Villiarr.s] Dre�newydd OS 1 904 Dwynant -(SN 445-494)[dv.;y + nant] ; [dojnant E. Evans] Dw;nant OS 1 982 Dyffryn -(SN 446-405)[dyffiyn]; [d�frm J. Thornas] Dyffryn OS 1 982 Dyffrynllynod -(SN 405-45 5)[dyffryn + ? ]; [drrrm'lm:>d E. Williams, d�frm'lm:>d N. Thow...a s, d�frm'l�n:>d Ll. Jones] D)1tryn Llynod 1 564rent, Dyffryn Llynod c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol l p. 58, Dyffrin Llynod 1 680 Llanllawddog MSS p. 3 1 , Duffrin Llwynod 1 760map E.Bowen, Dyfryn Llynod 1 803map J. Singer, Dyffrynllynod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffryn Llynhod OS 1 834, Dyffryn Llynnog 1 84 1 TMS, Dyffryn Llyn.llod 1 944 T.J. Thomas p.42 Following dyffryn we might expect Llyn od to be a hydronym, a tributaPJ of the river Cerdi.11, and the name Llynod is given as the name of the stream by T. J. Thomas [>1 945: 46] . W'hilst llyn 'lake' is obviously suitable for a hydronym ( cf Llynnan, d), the significance of -od remains obscure. The term llinod (a plural of !lin 'line') is unlikely as we would expect the realisation *Hn;1d rather than im;)d; cf Clunlynod (13-a). Another line of enquiry wight be the term llydnod (sg. llwdn). The south-eastern form of llwd'l is llwddn (pronounced iu�un), and its plural was llynddod (cf lloothwn tew, llynthod llyHiton for llwddn tew and llynddod lht.ydon (G"vemyfed, Brees.) {1605 in 1 964 Llen Cym.·-u: 8.83], concomittantly, if the form llwddn had existed further west, the plural *llynnod might be expected in south-western Welsh dialects (cf. wPembs. canna for cadno 'fox'). In order to be able to interpret DJ1frynllynod by *llynnod we must posit a recession of such a south-western pronunciation i..TJ. this area before an expanding n,V. llydnod, for a suspected similar phenomenon, see sub Castellcendy (27-a). Eben.eser -(SN 4 1 6-405) [Bibl.tn. Ebenezer] ; Llandyssul (Ebenezer) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall=Turner p.28 1 , Chapel OS 1 904, Offices O S 1 982 T : 281 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 96 ] ; result of a split from Capel b. l 83 3=34 [ 1 851Rcl ems.: 500; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-TUt"Ter Penbont (Pontweli, Carms.) in 1 832 [ 1 96 1 H. R. Evans: 1 56] ; denom. B. Efail -(SN 406-448)(Tregroes)[yr + efail]; [revel N. Thomas, eve! E. \Villiams] Smithy OS 1 89 1 Efail Castellliywel -(SN 441 -484)[efail + tn. Castellhywel (14-a)] ; Castle Howell Smith's Forge 1 824 BRA ( 1 95 5) M...SS p. 1 33, Smithy OS 1 89 1 , heibio'r Efel (dialect) 1 896 ,V.J.Davies p. 269, Castell Hywel 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. l 5, T)r'r Efail 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 1 9, Yr Efail O S 1 982 219

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Efail-facb -(SN 43 9-456)[yr + efail + bach]; [evel'va:x J. Davies, revel 'va:x E. \Villiatns] Tyr yr Eve! vach 1 73 5/36 BF�J\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 09, Evell vach 1 744 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 54, Evel vach 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) �1SS p. l l 4, Efel fach 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) l\ASS p. l l 8, (c) Park Gwair Eve! Ffach 1 777 BF�t\. ( 1 95 5) l\ASS p. 1 1 8, Refel fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Eve! fach 1 8 1 8 REvans MSS, Efel-fach, Efail fach 1 84 1 TMS, Efail-!ach O S 1 891 Esgair -(SN 3 83-480)[esgair] ; Esgair OS1 891 Esgairddedwydd -(SN 445-477)[esgair + dedv.rydd] ; [esker'6edWI N. Thmnas, Ll. Jones, J. Dafts] Eskir Ddedwith 1 736 BRA ( 1 955) ]\/lSS p. l l O, Eskyr D. Dedwith 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 9, Esgerddydvvidd OOS 1 81 1 , Eskerdedwydd, Esgardedwydd 1 8 1 8 R.Evans MSS, Esgerddedv.r'jdd 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 97, Esgair-ddedvvydd OS 1 834, Esgir-Ddewdv·;ydd, Esger Dded\vydd 1 84 1 TMS, Esgair­ ddedwydd OS 1 89 1 The form o f 1 777 might suggest that esgair was qualified by a pn. D[afydd] Ddedwydd, and certainly dedwydd makes more sense as the qualifier of a person than of a ridge, see 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan p. 85. But urJess more forms are found to reinforce this, it rerr:aains just a plausibility. Esgairwen -(SN c. 406-45 1 )[esgair + gwen] ; [esker'wen E. Williams] Yr Esgeir Wen 1 564rent, Ysger Wen 1 869 B.Williams p. 6 1 , Ysgarwen 1 898 Cn.vaith Christw.as Evans vd. 1 xii The noted Nonconformist preacher Christrr:aas Evans was born here [ 1 898 Gv,raith Christmas Evans: l .xii] . Faerdre-fach -(SN 420-423)[y + maer + tref ( + bach)]; [ vardre'va:x E. Williams, N . Thomas, v�rdre'va:z N. Thow.as] Vairdrevacl>., Verdrevach 1 750 REvans �1SS, Ferdre fach 1 752 BP�t\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 56, Vairdre fach 1 770 BR.A... ( 1 955) �1SS p. 6 1 , Verdre ffach 1 783 REvans MSS, Ferdre fach 1 803map J. Singer, Fardre fach 008 1 8 1 1 , Fendre fach 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 973 , Vairdre fach 1 81 5PR Llandysul Faerdre fach 1 822PR LlandysuL Fairdre-ffich OS 1 834, Vendre fach 1 841 TMS, Fairdre-ffich OS 1 89 1 , (c) Allt Ferdre fach (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.234, Faerdre-ffich O S 1 982 See Castell Coeclfoel (1 4-b). Faerdre-fawr -(SN 427-42l )[y + maer + tref (+ rnawr)] ; [verdre'vowr N. Herbert, vardre'vowr E. \Villiams, N. Thomas, v�rdre'vowr N. Thomas, v�rdre J. Da:fis] Mayrdreiv Gw1�rmoPit >1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llycb.au (a), Mayrdrem Guinnoint >1265(1 332) cart. Tal­ llychau (b) p. 1 63, Y Vardreiv > 1 27 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Vayrdref 1 579/80 CD, o'r Vaerdre c. 1 600 L.D\VIL'1 vol. 1 p.39, Y Faerdref c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 149, Vairdref 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 9 1 , Vayrdre 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 97, Vairdreff 1 63 1 B RA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 34, i'r Faerdref > 1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 848, Vardre 1 682 Cvvrt�mawr MSS, Vairdreffe c. 1693 Rep\\7l\1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 739, Vairdrevawr 1 750 R.Evans MSS, Y Faerdref I sthcent. RepwMS S vol. l pt. 2 p.94 1 , Fendre fawr 1 803map J. Singer, Ferdre fawr 008 1 8 1 1 , Pendre fawr 1 81 3 G.Nicholson p. 973, Faer-dre fawr OS 1 834, Vendre-favvr 1 841 TMS, Verdre favvr 1 844PR LlandysuL Fairdre-fawr OS1 891, Ferdre fowr (dialect) 1 896 \V.J.Davies p.234 The opinion of S. R 1\1eyrick [ 1 808: 1 98] : "Nov.r a farmhouse, formerly a place of consequence and distinguished by the additional title of vmvr." is incorrect, the -fmvr simply specifies this place as opposed from Faerdre:fach (14-a). The vocalism of vcrdre and Ferdre 1 8 1 1 , is similar to that of the lh'l. Claenven (d) and Faerdre (Llandi.qgad, Carms.) noted Ferdre [ 1991 D. B. James: 226]; cf. Maerdy (17-a). Fedwen(i) -(SN 41 8-407)(Llandysul)[y + bedwen]; Vedwen 1 785 BPJ.. (1 955) MS S p. 1 23, Fedwen 1 81 8PR Llandysul, Fedwen 1 878 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 28 Fedwen(ii) -(SN 452-424)(Capeldewi) [y + bedwen] ; [ vedwen, (c) tro'vedwen J. Thow.as] i.rll. Feli.-llifo =(SN 408�443) [y + melin + llifo]; [velm'liv::>, m3m'liv::> E. \Villiams] Login Saw Mill OS 1 891, Saw Mill O S 1 982 Ffarm-fach -(SN 41 7-408)[ffarm + bach] ; Tir Bronnydd Llandyssell 1 573 Cilg\".J)rrl I ]\ASS, Tir Bronneyth Llandissell 1 585 Cilgw)rn I 1\1S S, Tir Bronn Llandyssyll 1 609 Cilgwyn I MSS, Ffarmfach 1 832 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p.99, Lleine Abermeyrick, 'then' Ffarm fach, 'now called' Vrondyssil l 83 8 Cilgwyn I MS 37, Vrondyssil a.!s. Ffarm fach 1 83 8 Cilgwyn I MS 37, Frondyssul 1 96 1 H.REvaP..s jac.p. l 56, Aelybryn (sign) -

220

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD The origi.'1 . al name appears to have been Bronnydd Llandysul or Bron Llandysul wr..:ich \vas later reduced

Brondysul. By the early rlli"leteenth century it was calleed Ffann1'ach. The alias A bermeyrick emulated Abermou rig (35-a) because a scion of the Edward(e)s family ofA.bermourig owned land i..t1 Llandysul in the eighteenth century [1773sur map; 1 798 Cilgwyn I MSS; 1 905 G. E. Evans: 77]); pt. of ancient farm of Gilfachwen (1 4-a) [1 838 Cilgwyn I MS 37] ; b. 1 82 1 (sign] . Ffatri Rhydceir -( SN 448-4-l l ) (ffatri + tn. Rhydceir (14�a)] ; [ tJesn�t'md J. Thomas] to

Rhyd-y-ceir Woollen Factory 0 8 1 891 , Chesnut Mills 08 1 904, Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Chesnut Mill 1 967 T.Ll.Jones p. l 4

A woollen factory 1 870-1925 [1984 J . G . Jen."l(ins: 1 3 7] . Ffinnant(i) -(SN 400-408)(Gilfachwen)[ffin + nant] ; [ finant E. \Villiams, J. Thomas, fmant E. \Villia..'TIS] Ffmant ? 1 827PR LlandysuL Ffm..t1ant 08 1 891 This is an alias of the river Merwydd, which forms the boundary of the parishes ofLlandysul and Bangor.

Ffinnant Fadfa(ii) -(SN 43 1 -492)(Fadfa)[ffi..11 + nant + tn. Fadfa ( 1 8-a)] ; [fmant J. Dafls, finant N. Thomas] Ty-nant (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Ffinant Fadfa (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 269, Ffmnant O S 1 904 This name refers to the adjoining stream -

a tributary of Clen1w:Jmvr - that forms the boundary of the

parishes of Llandysul and Llandysulio Gogo.

Fforest -(SN 395-453) [fforest] ; [f:)rest'farm E. Williams, forest'kerdm N. Thmnas] Fforest Gerdin 1 564rent, Fforest Gerden 1 65 1 rent, Forest 1 793sur map, Fforest Gergi..'1 1 793PR LlandysuL Forest OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fforest 1 820PR Llandysul, Forestcerding 1 83 5 1'..1.Richardson MS 1 050-5 1 , Forest 1 84 1 TMS, Fforest-gerdin OS 1 89 1 , Fforest Cerdin 08 1 904

Fforest-fach -{SN 396-454)[fforest (+ bach)] ; Fforest fach 1 828PR L1andysul, Fforest-ffich O S 1 8 9 1

Fforest-ne\'\rydd -(SN 396-454) [fforest ( + newydd)] ; [f�rest'newi E. Vlilliams, forest'newi('; N. Thomas] Fforest isaf 1 822PR Llandysul, Fforest-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Fforest-isaf 0Sc. 1 950

Ffos -(SN 448-502)[ffos] ; Caban 1 803w.ap J. Singer, Caban 1 824 BRi\.. ( 1 955) 1VlSS p. 1 3 2, Ffos OS 1 89 1

Ffosesgob -(SN 4 1 6-440)[ffo s + _yr + esgob] ; [fos'�sk�b E. Williams]

Tethen Fees Hesgolde 1 53 7/38 in 1 894 E. Owen p.43 , Foes Yscob, Ffoys Yscob 1 745 Aberglasney :rvr_s

1 1 4, Ffoes Escob 1 760CF, Tyr Ffos Escob 1 778 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies app. Yix, Tyr Foes

Escob 1 784 BRA ( 1 955) 1\lf..SS p. 66, Foes Escob 1 808 S . Rl\1eyrick p. l 94, Ffoes Ysgob OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos­ ysgob 1 822PR Llandysul, Ffos-yr-esgob OS 1 834, Ffos-ysgob, Ffosesgob 1 84 1 TMS, Ffos-esgob OS 1 891

Ffoshelyg -(SN 409=458)[ffos + helyg] ; [f�'hehg N. Thomas, fos'hehg E. \Villiams] Foce Helyck 1 552 Bronwydd MSS , Y Ffos Helig, Blaen y Ffos Helig 1 564rent, Y Ffoshelig c. 1 600 L.Dv1P.n vol. l p. 9 1 , Y Foes Holig l 65 lrent, Ffoeshelig, Ffoeshelygge c. l 693 Rep\W u g �j J. Thomas] Tyr y Vron Goy 1 725 Aberglasney M..S 1 1 2, Frongou OOS 1 8 1 1 , Frongoy 1 829PR Llandysul, Fron-goy '

O S 1 834, Fron Gon 1 84 1 TMS, Fron-gou OS 1 891

Fronwen -(SN 405-439)[y + bron + gwen] ; [vr�n'wen E. Williams] Fronwen 1 841 TMS, Fronwen 0S l 89 1

Gaerwen -(SN 396-470)[y + caer + gwen] ; [ga:r'wen E . \Villiaw.s]

Pi...11gare 1 822PR Llandysul Pen-y-gaer 08 1 834, Pengare 1 84 1 cens., Garn-wen OS 1 891 "A blunt steep�sided spur has been fortified by a slightly curved wall across its base. . . . It is much damaged but still stands about 6m wide and 2m high. There seems to have been no ditch, but the presence of a ruined cottage and garden prevents certainty. " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A. Hogg: 246] . C-el!i-fraith -(SN 3 99-453)[y + celli + braith]; [g cli vrajS E. \Xfilliams, N. Thomas] '

Y Gelli Vraith 1 564rent, Y Gell Vraith 1 6 5 1 rent, Gellyfraith 1 76 8 Davies=Evans l\1S S, Castell y Fraich (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ge111fi-aith 1 81 4PR LlandysuL Gelli-fraeth OS 1 834, Gelly Fraith 1 84 1 TM....S, Gelli-fraith OS 1 891 C-elli-our -(SN 441 -457)[tn. Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, LlaP..fihangel Aberbythych, Carms. )] ; [ g cli '�jr N. Thomas] Gellyaur fach, Gelly Aur 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Saw l\1ill OS 1 89 1 , Gelli-aur Woollen + Saw l\1ill OS1 904, Gelliaur 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. l 4, Gelliaur O S 1 982 Woollen factory between c. l 860--1 928 [ 1 979 D. w. Bundock: 14] or c. 1 895-1 928 [ 1 984 J. G. Jen_ki...11S : 1 37 ] .

Gilfachwen-isa -(SN 403-407)[y + ci!fach + gwen (+ isat)] ; (g!�xwen'i!a J.Davies, gdvazwen'IJa E. Williams] Y Gilvach Wen yssaf 1 564rent, Y Gilvach \Ven issa 1 65 1 rent, Gilfachwen issa 1 760CF, Gilvach \Xfen issa 1 805PR Llandysul, Gilfach \Ven issa 'rr.ansion' 1 804 in 1 793sur :tr.ap, Gilfachwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gilfuchwen O S 1 834, Gilfach-Wen 1 841 TMS , Gilfachwen isa (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.238, Gilfach-wen-isaf O S 1 89l

Gilfachwen-ucha -(SN 408-406)[y + cilfach + gwen (+ ucb..at)]; [g!atwen, gdvaxwen'IXa E. Williams] or Giluach 6en..1!} fl. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p. 1 68, Kilvach \Ven 1 547 Cilg\vyn I l\1SS, Cilvachwen 1 549 Coedmor MS 278, Y G�Jvach \Ven uchaf 1 564rent, Y Gilvach \Venn c. l 569 Rep\VJ\.1SS vol. l pt. 2 p. 895, Tir y Gilvach Wen.11 yvvchaf 1 573 Cilgwyn I MSS, Gilvach Wenn uchaf c. 1 600 L.Dvmn vol. l p. 35, o'r Gilvachwenn c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 50, Gilvach-v-1enn uchaf c. l 600 L.Dv.mn vol. 1 p. 57, o'r Gilvachwen c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p . 82, Gilvach Wenn 1 609 Cilgwyn I �1S S, Y Gylvagh Wen 1 61 0 Cilgwyn I �1SS , GJvachwen, Gilvachven 1 6 1 1 Coedmor M:S 288, Plas y GJvagh \Ven..f!} ywcha 1 6 1 7 Cilgv.'Yn I MS S , Plas y Gylvach Wenn 1 639 Cilg\vyn I l\1SS, Gilvach 'Nen ich 1 65 1 rent, Gylvachwen c. 1 693 Rep\VMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.73 9, Gillvachwen 1 7 1 8 C ilgvvyn I l'ASS, Gilvach-wen 1 773sur map, Gilfach \Ven 1 803:tr.ap J. S inger, Gilfachwen-ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gilfach-wen-uchaf OS 1 834, Gilfach-wen-uchaf 0S 1 891 222

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD See Ffarm-fach (1 4�a), Pistyll (14-a), Tirdre (14-a). Glanrafon -(SN 44 1 -45 l ) [glan + yr + afon]; [glan'rav�n N. Thow.as] Glan'rafon 1 830PR Llandysul, Glan-yr-afon 0Sc. l 950 Inexistent [os1 89 1 ] . Glancerdin �(SN 3 86-474)[glan + hn. Cerdin] ; [glan'kerdm N . Thomas] Glan-cerdin OS 1 89 1 C-!an.detwr -(SN 439-466)[glan + hn . Clet\vr] ; [g!an'k!etur N . Thomas, i,!an'kletur S. Williarns] Glan Clettwr 1 677/78 BR E. Williarr1s] Croesffordd

OS 1 891

Gwaral!t-fach -(SN 4 1 3-429)[gwar + yr + alit (+ bach) ] ; Gwarallt�ffich

OS1 891

Gwarallt Faerdre -(SN 439-49l )[gwar + yr + alit + tn. Faerdre] ; [gwaraU'v�rdre N. Thomas] Penn �AJlt

y

MSS, Tir Gwar Allt y Meirdy als. Merdy 1 649 Bromvydd MSS , Bromvydd MSS , Gwarr LAJlt y Vairdre 1 690 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt y BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l l O, Altymayrdy 1 75 8 Bronv.ydd 11S S , Gwarr Alt y Gair Dre 1 777

Meyrdy 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr

Penallt y 1'-Aeyrdy 1 684 Vayrdre 1 73 6

BRA

( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 9, Gwarallt y Ferdre O OS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarallt-y-fairdre O S 1 834, Gwar-allt-verdre

1 83 1PR

Llandysul,

Gwarallt-y-Verdre,

Gwarallt

Ferddre

1 84 1 TMS,

Gwar-allt-ferdre

OS 1 89 1 ,

Gwaralltferdre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 23 4, Gwarallt Fardre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 269, Gwarallt-y-ferdre OS 1 904, Gwaralltyfaerdre OS 1 9 82 In the last component of this place-na..T..e an earlier maerdy J-l.as been replaced by maerdref (probably aided

by the existence of the two large farms named Faerdre in the parish), cf Lhvynl!aethdy (41-a). Gwaral!trynn -(SN 43 8-477)[gwar + yr + allt + yr + ynn] ; [gwaraltar'm Ll. Jones, gwaraH'rm N. ThorrUis} Gwarr Alit yr Ynn 1 690 BRA. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt yr Inn 1 73 6 B�l\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 0, Waralltyryn

1 805PR LlandysuL

GwaralLryn

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarallt-yr-ynn O S 1 834, Gwar-allt-yr-y11, OS 1 89 1 , Gwarallt'ryn (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p. 267 Gwarcefaii -( SN 423-445)[gwar + allt + lm. Cefail] ; [gwar'kevel E. Williams, N. ThorrUis] Waralltyryn 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-allt-yr-yn

Gwarallt Keveil 1 564rent, G\var Kevel 1 65 1 rent, Gwarcefel 1 803PR LlandysuL War Cefel 1 8 1 0PR LlandysuL Gwarcafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwar-cefel O S 1 8 3 4, War Cefel

1 84 1TIAS,

Gwar-cefe l OS 1 89 1 ,

Gv;arcefel Farm OS 1 982

Gwarcefail Arms -(SN 424�44l ) [tn. Gwarcefail (14-a) + E. arrns] ;

Gwarcefel i\...rms (P. H.) OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dafydd Tafarn 1 970 KDavies p. 1 4

Gwarcoed-isa -(SN 459-43 5)[gwar + y + coed (+ isat)] ; [war'ko:d S . Williams, gwarkod'iJa J . Thow.as] Gwary Coed issa 1 790 BRA ( 1 95 5) LlandysuL

Gwarcoed issa O OS 1 8 1 1 ,

\Varcoed isha 1 84 1 TMS,

l\1SS

p. 1 25, Gv1arcoed 1 793PR Llandysul, \Varcoed 1 807PR

Gwar-coed-isaf OS 1 834, Gv.rarcod issa

1 832PR Llandysul,

Gwar-coed-isaf 0S l 89 1

Gwarcoed-ucha -(SN 467-44 1 ) [gwar + y + c.oed ( + ucb.af)]; [gwark�.xhza J . Thomas]

( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, War l\1SS p. l l 3 , Gwar y Coed

1 742 BRA ( 1 95 5) 11SS p. l l l , Gwar y Coed BF"""'� ( 1 955) M�S p. l 24, Gwarwed ucha 1 83 5PR Llandysul, \Varcoed uchaf 1 83 6PR

Warrycoed 1 706 BRA

y Coed

1 747 BRA. ( 1 955)

ycha 1 790

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwar-coed-uchaf OS 1 834, Warcoed ucha

224

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD LlandysuL Gwar-coed-einon, Warcoed Inon 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-coed-uchaf 0 8 1 89 1 , Gwarcod (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.23 9, Gwar-coed-uchaf OS 1 904, Gwarcoed Einon 08 1 982

Gwarcwm -(SN 425-459) [gwar + y + cwm] ; [gwar'kum E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwar-cwm O S 1 89 1

Gwardafolog -(SN 435-484)(gwar + alit + tafolog] ; [gwar,da'vol;)g Ll. Jones] Gwarr Alit Davolog 1 690 BRA ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt Davolog 1 73 6 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 0, Gwarr

Ah Davalogg 1 777 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p . 1 1 9, Gwardavolog 1 793PR LlandysuL Gwardafolog

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Gwartafolog

1 824 BRA

( 1 955)

MS S

p. 1 3 3 ,

Gwar-Tafolog

O S 1 834,

Gwardafolog,

Wardafalog 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-dafolog (dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p. 268

Gwarffynnon(i) -(SN 446-408)(Dolfor)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'f�n;)n J. Thomas] Gwar-ffynnon 0 8 1 891

Gwarffynnon(ii) -(SN 408-443)(Tregroes)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'fm;)n E. Williams] inf Gwargraig -(SN 457-403)[gwar + y + craig] ; [gwar'grajg J. Thomas] Tyr Gwar y Graig 1 725 Aberglasney MS 1 1 2, Gwarygraig 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog, Gwar-graig 0 8 1 904

Gwarllwyneudos -(SN 4 1 7-479)[gwar + llwyn + ? ]; [gwarlun'id;)S J. Dafis, gwarlun'ejd;ls N. Thomas] Lloyn Oydoes 1 564rent, Llwen Oydos 1 65 1 rent, Gwarllwynoider 1 76 1 Bronwydd MS S, Gwarllwynoedos O OS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarllwyn Oidoes 1 8 1 9 Glansevin MSS, Gwarllwynidoes 1 824 R.Evans MS S, Gwar-llwyn­ oedoes

O S 1 834,

Wern

Llwy-orddos,

Warllwynoidos

1 84 1 TMS,

Gwar-llwyn-oedos

OS 1 891 ,

Gwarllwynydos 1 96 1 H.R. Evans p. 1 64, Gwarllwyneidos O S 1 982

*eudos - the presumed Hafodeudos (34-a).

The meaning of

*aedos?);

cf

literary form - is wholly obscure (or is it the root

*oedos

or

Gwastadheblwyn -(SN 423-459)[gwastad + heb + llwyn] ; [W;)St;ld J. Dafis, gwast;ld J. Davies, N. Thomas, E. Williams] Gwatod Hebllwyn 008 1 8 1 1 , Gwastad, Gwastod 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Gwastod Heblwyn 08 1 834, Gwastodheblwyn 1 84 1 cens. , Gwastod 1 84 1 TMS , Gwastad 081 8 9 1 The realisation

W;)Sbd

rather than

gwasbd

is typical of younger Welsh speakers, more familiar with the

term as an adverb wastad 'always', than as a adjective gwastad 'flat'.

Gwaunfadog -(SN 441 -420)[gwaun + pn. Madog]; [wejn'vad;lg S. Williams] Blaen-y-waun 08 1 834, Waun-Fadog 1 84 1 TMS, Waunfadog 1 846 M.Richardson MSS p.268, Waun­ Fadog 08 1 89 1

Gwaunifor -(SN 460-41 0) [gwaun + pn. Ifor] ; [pla:s,wen'iv;lr, farm,wen'iv;)r J . Thomas] Wyne Yvor 1 74 5 Aberglasney MS 1 1 4, Waynyvor 1 75 0 Aberglasney MS 1 1 5, Gweyn Ivor 1 753 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 57, Gwayn Ivor 1 75 3 BRA ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 58, Weyn Ivor 1 754 Aberglasney MSS , Gweynifor 1 772 Aberglasney M S 1 1 6, Weyn Ifor 1 760CF, Gweyn Ifor 1 773 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 7, Wineivor 1 799 Lancych MS S, Wainifor 1 803map J. Singer, Wain Ivor 'or probably as it should be' Wain­ y-Vawr 1 808 S . R.Meyrick p . 200, Waunifor OOS1 8 1 1 , Wayn Ifor 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Gwaun-ifor 0 8 1 834, Waunifor Demesne 1 84 1 TMS, Weinifor (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 25 0, Waun-ifor 08 1 89 1 , Weunifor 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 3 8 5, Waunifor + Waunifor Farm 0 8 1 982

Gwaunlluest -(SN 4 1 5 -428) [gwaun + y + lluest]; [wejn'Hjest E. Williams, N. Thomas] Tir Pen y Pompren als. Keven y Llyest 1 564rent, Gwaen Lluest 1 65 1 rent, Gweynlluest 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Waun Lluest 08 1 8 34, Waun Llyest 1 84 1 1MS, Waun-lluest O S 1 89 1 , Waunlluast 1 8 94 John Francis MS S vol . 2 p.23

Gwaunmartin -(SN 465-41 3) [gwaun + tn. (Bryn]martin (1 4-a)] ; (wejn'martm J. Thomas] Waun-martin 08 1 89 1

It

i s possible that gwaun i s derived from Gwaunifor (1 4-a).

Gwesyn -(SN 4 1 0-442)[ ? ]; [wesm E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwessin 1 757-58 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 64, Gwessin als. Gwernsin 1 799 R Evans MSS , Gwesyn 1 803map J. Singer, Wiston OOS 1 8 1 l , Weston 0 8 1 834, Gwessyn, Wessyn 1 84 1 TMS, Wesyn 08 1 89 1 , Wesyn, Y Wesyn 1 909 T. M Phillips p. 86

Gwestun-fawr als. Weston Madoc (Church Stoke, Monts.) ( 1 938 B. G. Charles: 1 83], however, such a typically English toponym is unlikely in this area. There is a hn. Gwestyn (SN 91 -86, prox. Clywedog, Monts.), derived by G. G. Evans [ 1986: 64] from gwystn, wystn � OE. wizen

The early OS forms do suggest it is related to the tn.

'withered, decayed', though there does not seem to be any strong evidence for medial [-t- ] . We are left

225

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD with the hn. Gu'esyn (Brees.) - derived from g1vas 'servant' - though in the case of the site of Gwesyn, the adjoini..>tg stream has another name, viz. Cefail. Gwesyn Villa -(SN 408-443)[tn. Gwesyn (14-a) + E. villa] ; [wesm'v!la E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwesyn Villas OS 1 89 1 Gwion Castle -(SN 4 1 3-422)[tn. [Craig]vv1on (1 4-a) + E. castle] ; [wij�n'kasl E . \Villiarns] Gwion Castle OS 1 904, Gwion Castle 0Sc. l 950 Inexistent [O S 1 891 ] . R.hywun well na'i gilydd oedd yn bY"v 'na (nawr mae heart specialist) [inf. E. Williams] . Gwynfryn -(SN 43 8-463)[gwyn + bryn] ; [gwm.vrm N. Thomas] PHis y Siopwr 'a elwid arno ar y dechrau gan bobl y cylch', Gwyn:fiyn 1 958 \VF1v[ MS 1 506/1 p. 57, Gwyn..fryn OS 1 982 Home of D. H. Evans (tl 923), k.tJ.own as Y Siopwr lvfawr [1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 42-4 3] ; Dafi Evans, "Bu yn hir iav.:n yn cael enw \vrth ei fodd ar y ty . . . Awgrymodd Sam iddo ahv 'Spion Cop' arno, ond gwell oedd gan y S iopwr mawr enw Cymraeg a 'GwynfPJn' a'i fo[dd]haodd ef yn y diwedd. " [ 1 958 \Xlflvf J'..1S 1 506/1 : 57]; cf sub .Alltlwyd-ucha (48-a). Gwynnant -(SN 450-420)[gwyn + nant] ; G\\')'!lllant OS 1 891 Inexistent [OS1 904]. Hafandeg -(SN 426-452){hafan + teg]; Hafan Deg OS 1 982 Henbant-fach -(SN 448-426)[hen + pant (+ bach)] ; [hembant'va:z J. Thomas] inf Henbant-fawrr -(SN 449-429)[hen + pant (+ mav.rr)]; [hembant'vowr J. Thomas] Henbant 1 760CF, Yr Henbant 1 8thcent. RepW:M:SS vol. l pt.2 p. 94 1 , Yr Henbant 1 808 S .R..l'vfeyrick p. 1 58, R.hynbant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Henbant 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Henbant fawr 1 822PR Llandysul, Henbant 1 824PR Llandysul, 'R Hen-bant-isaf(sic loc.?) OS 1 834, Henbant 1 84 1 TMS, Henbant-fa\\lf OS1 891 Henbant Hall -(SN 449-427)[tn. Henbant (14-a) + E. l>.all]; [hembant'ho:l J. Thomas] Henbant Hall OS 1 891 Henbant-isa -(SN 449-425)[hen + pant (+ isaf)]; Henbant fach 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Henbant issa, Henbant isha 1 841 TMS Henbant-ucha -(SN 445-432)[hen + pant (+ uchaf)] ; [ba.gk;)'hrembant con1monly, hembant'ixa J. Thomas] 'R Hen-bant ychaf OS1 834, Bryn-amlwg (sic?) OS1 834, Henbant uchaf 1 841 TMS, Henbant-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Bancyrhenbant OS 1 982 Hendre -(SN 445-489)[hendre:fJ; [hendre N. Thow.as] Hendre OS 1 982 Henfron -(SN 443-450)[hen + bron]; Henfron OS 1 9 82 Hengapel L!wyn Rhydywain -(SN 443-452)[hen + cape! + tn. Llwyn RhydY'.vai...'1 (14-a)] ; a chynulleidfa'r Llwyn 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p.77, Llwynrhydwen, Llwynrhidwen 1 847 1\lLW MS 3 500-B, Lwinrhidwen 1 863 .NLW MS 3 5 00-B, Ur-..itarian Chapel O S 1 89 1 , Hen Gapel Lhvynrhyd"ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 245, Sunday School OS 1 904, Hen Gapel Llwyn 1 970 K.Davies pp. 1 50-5 1 , Hen Gapel Llwynrhydowen 1 977 I.Rees p. 1 03, Hengapel Llwynrhydowen 1 979 D.W.Bundock p.22, Capel OS1 982, mae'r Hen Gapel 1 982 CN 26/03/82, Yr Hen Gape! 1 984 Garthen n. 37, Capel y Llwyn 1 984 Garthen 11. 3 7 i) b. 1 73 3 ( 1 851Rel cens . : 501 ; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 984 Gart.hen: 37]; "credir tr.ai ym tnhentref Llwyn [i. e. Lhtyn Rhydywain (14-a)], gerllaw sgwar Alltrodyn yr oedd capel cyntaf Llwyn, ac r-..id yn yr union fan Ue saif yr Hen Gapel heddiw. " [ 1 984 Gatt.hen: 37]. ii) b. 1 791 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 501 ; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 22; 1 984 Ga..rthen: 37] ; reb. l 834 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 501 ; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bu.11dock: 22; 1 984 Gart.hen: 37); rer d 862 [c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 988 Garthen: 67] . In 1 876 congregation was thrown out of this site by the landlord; in 1 879 they were presented back the chapeL but by then the new cr.apel was nearly complete [ 1 988 Ga...rl.hen: 67] ; denom. U; see Capel-newydd Lluyn Rhydywain (1 4-a). Heo!feinog -(SN 442-462)[heol + meiniog] ; [hre�l N. Thomas] Heol y Veinog 1 760CF, Tir Heol y Vinog 1 76 1 l'\1.Richardson l'\1SS p.257, Heolfei...tJ.og 1 797 1\1.Richardson l\1SS p.262, Hoelvenog 1 806 BRA (1 955) l\1SS p.76, Rheolfeinog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Heolfeir...iog

226

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD 1 8 1 4PR LlandysuL Heolyfynog 1 8 1 5 BRA. ( 1 955) :MSS p. 1 29, Heolveii1og 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL 'R Heol Fei.t1og OS 1 834, Heol y Finod, Heol-finog 1 841 TMS, Heol-feinog 08 1 89 1 , Rhyol 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. l 9 The word heol i s conunoPJy pronounced hew!, but note not in t'Pis P.ame o f this place. Hoolifor �(SN 456-404)[heol + tn. [Gwau.Ct]ifor (14-a)]; [taj'kownsrl ( desc. ) J. Thomas] Heol Ifor OS 1 982 A hous ing estate. Heo!-y-waun -(SN 455 -41 6) [heol + y + gwaun] ; [ o,daj ' kownsrl ( desc.) l Thofil.as] Heol y Waun OS 1 982 A housing estate, the name refers to Gwaunifor (14-a). HOREB -(SN 394-424)[tn. [Capel] Horeb (1 4-a)] ; [horeb E. Williams, l Dafis] Horeb 1 80311l.ap J. Singer, Horeb 1 8 1 0PR Bangor, Horeg 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Horeb 1 826PR L!andysul, Horeb OS1 834, Horeb OS 1 89 1 , Bane Horeb 1 909 T.l\A.Phillips p. 6 7 Comprising: 1) Blaenc\vm�Menvydd, 2) Blaenfl)'Illlon, 3) BIJm, 4) Capel Horeb, 5) Llain Horeb (12-a), 6) Maes-y-ffm (12-a), 7) Pen-y-bryn, 8) Penllwyn, 9) Penparc. Ietgoch �(SN 41 4-456) [ iet + coch]; [jet'go:x; E. \Villiams, N. Thomas ] Iet-goch 08 1 8 3 4, Yetgoch 1 8 3 2PR LlandysuL Iet-goch OS 1 89 1 Ietgoed -(SN 3 78-467)[iet + coed]; [hr:lsd5 I . A. Griffiths] Iegoed 1 82 1PR LlandysuL Iet-goch (sic) 08 1 904, let Goed OS 1 891, R.l-tosydd OS 1 982 Ietwen-isa -(SN 4 1 6-462)[iet + gwen (+ isat)] ; Iet-wen-isaf 08 1 89 1 , Yetwen ( dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 23 7, i'r let-wen 'or rather the tvvo cottages called' l et-wen ucha' + let-wen isa' >1945 T.J. Thomas p. 46 Ietwen-ucba -(SN 4 1 6-463)[iet + gwen (+ uchaf)] ; Iet-wen�uchaf OS 1 89 1 , let-wen ucha' >1945 T.J. Thomas p.46 Leighton Lodge -(SN 404-405)[E.n. Leighton + lodge] ; Leighton Lodge OS 1 982 Lestus -(SN 3 86-462)[ ? ] ; [lestiS E. Williams, N. Thomas, als. tro:driW'harg;,d N. Thomas] Tro edrhiw- bargoed OS 1 904, Lestus 0Sc. 1 950, Lestus c. 1 970 \VF"t\.1 �liS 2 1 1 1 /7, Lestys OS 1 982 Llain -(SN 459-468) [llain] ; Llain O S 1 89 1 Llainddelw -(SN 402-433)[llain + y + delw] ; [km'6du E . \Xfilliams] Llain Porth y Dheew 1 697 B ronwydd MSS, Llain Porth y Dhelw 1 73 7 B r onwydd 1\.1SS, Llain-deh.v 08 1 834, Llain-ddelw OS 1 89 1 Llain Ffoshelyg -(SN 408-465)[llain + tn. Ffo shelyg (1 4-a)] ; [tajn (fos'hehg) E. Williams, iajn N . Thomas] Llain OS 1 83 4 Llainforien -(SN 455 -41 2) [ llain + pn. Morien ?] ; Lla in-forien 08 1 89 1 , Llain-forien OS1 904 Llainwem -(SN 455-4 1 4)[llain + y + gwern] ; [laj0'wern J. Thomas] Llain 08 1 89 1 , Llain-wem 08 1 904 LLA_NDYSlJL -(SN 4 1 9-406)[llan + pn. Tysul] ; [!an'd�sd M. Evan.s, ian'diSII E. Williams, J. Davies] LandessuL Landessel 1 253 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p.387, Landussul 1 259 SBSt-David p.28, Lantessul, Lantesull 1 259 SBSt-David pp. 86-87, La.,1dessel 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Llandussell 1 400 ERSt-David p. 1 92, Llandussull 1 408 ERSt-David p.408, Llandussill 1487 ERSt-David p. 504, Llandyssell 1 53 5 VE p. 3 95 , 'vill ' Llandyssyll 1 53 9 Cilgv.)-'11 I 1\.1SS, L�'l Dusyll 1 542 Cilgwyn I MSS, Llan D ussyl 1 547 Cilgwyn I MS S, Llandyssyle 1 561 Cilgwyn I M--S S, Ll. Dyssyl c. 1 566EPC, Llandyss ell 1 573 Cilgwyn I MSS , Llandyssil 1 578w.ap C.Saxton, Llandissell 1 585 Cilg'vyn I MSS, Llandissill 1 593/94 BRi\ ( 1 955) �1SS p. 54, o Landyssyl c. 1 600 LD\vnn vo l. 1 p. 3 9, o Landyssul c. l 600 L.Dv·mn vo1. 1 p. 56, Lhan Dyssul c. l 600 S.D.R.lJ.ys p. 1 30, Llandissil c. 1 600 in 1 808 S.Rl\y1eyrick p. l 45, Llandussill 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-fil.awr �1SS, Llandiddill l 63 3 F. Green ]\.1SS vcl.25 p. 22, Llandyssi1 1 71 3 BRA.. ( 1 955) p.46, Llandiss il, Llandissyll l 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-3 7, Llandissull l 725 1>\..berglasney �..1SS, Llandyssyl 1 7 3 8 Croydo n 1\.1SS, Llanddys il 1 760map E.Bowen, Llandysell 1 765map E.Bo wen et al. , Llan Dysul 1 799EPC, Llandys il 1 803map J. Singer, Llandyssyl OOS 1 81 1 , Llandyssil, St Tyssil's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Llandyssul (d ialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p.245, Llandyssul 08 1 904

227

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Llandysul

seems to be an old church, for we ftnd an inscription dated to the sixth century with Velvor [ ] I

.filia I Broho[ J which was in the churchyard [ 1 994 W. Gw. Thomas: 412; see photo 1 967 CER: vol.5 fac. p.428] , a

connection with the knmvn king Brochmail of Pywys may be a little rash Lfl the light of the little !g 0 . Rees, l-e9er E . \Villiams] Llether Eithinog 1 564rent, Y Llether Ythynog 1 65 l rent, Llether Ithi..llog 1 760CF, Lletherithinog 1 795PR Last burial c. l 780 [ 1 979 the name

.

-

LlandysuL Llether OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llethr-eithinog OS 1 834, Llether 1 84 1 TMS, Llethr-eithinog O S 1 891

Llety'n-y-coed -(SN 470-45 l )[llety + yn + y + coed] ; Llettyc yny oed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lletty-'n-y-coed OS 1 834 In ruins [081 89 1 ] .

Llundain-fach

[imden'va:x, J.

-(SN 453 -429)[tn. Llundain (+ bach)];

Thornas]

London-:Iach OS 1 89 1 , Llundai..ll-:ffich O S 1 904, (pn. ) John Llunden fach 1 982 CN 26/03/82

Llwyndevli -(SN 437-448)[11\.vyn + pn.

Dev;i] ;

Llwyndewi OS 1 982

Llwynreos

-(SN 439-473)[llwyn + yr + eos] ;

Llwyn-r-eos 1 83 8PR LlandysuL Llwynryos 1 84 1 cens. , Llvlyn-rhos (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Lh;vyn-yr-eos O S 1 904, Llwynreos 1 96 1 H.R. Evans p. 1 69 See Lfu'}'neos (8-a). Llwyngroes -(SN 3 79-463)[llwyn + y + croes] ;

[iujn' k.ro :s (id. ) E. Williaw..s,

rojn�'gr�·js I. A.

Griffiths]

Llwyn-groes OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-y-groes O S 1 904

Llwyng\vragedd

-(SN 440-4 1 8) [lhvyn + y + gwragedd] ; [(c)

ka·,iujn'gwrage()

N. Herbert,

brm.'tegnd

new

house S . \Villiams] Llwyn-y-gwaredd OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-y-gwragedd OS 1 904, Llwyn-y-gwragedd 0Sc. l 950, Bryntegryd 0 8 1 982

ba.!Jk�'buki Bancybwci [c. 1 970 WFM MS 21 1 1 17] (an alternative site to be kept h"'l mind for Banc-y-mvci is the unnamed house marked at SN 439-422 [1 841TMS]). Llwyngwyn -(SN 447-425)[lhvyn + gwyn] ; [lujn 'gwm J. Thomas] I am unsure whether tbis was

Banc-y-bwci

for I have been informed by S . Williams that

seems, either to have been this place, or adjacent to it,

229

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD inf

Llwynmartin -(SN 465-41 2)[llwyn + tn. (Bryn] rnart in (1 4-a)] ;

Llwyn-martin OS 1 891 L!wyn Rhydywain -(SN 445-449)[llwyn + tn. Rhydywain (1 4-a));

Lhvyn Rhydowen 1 779 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p. 64, Llwynrhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn-rhyd-owen O S 1 834, Lhvyn-rhyd�o\ven O S 1 89 1 , Llw)T.rhydv.ren (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 245, Ll\vr'd\ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.269, Llwyn c. l 902

E.RHorsfall-Turner p.22 1 ,

Llwynrhydowen 'or

w-en

accordi..11g to local

pronunciation' 1 93 1 S . M. Powell p. 1 4, 'a cluster of houses called' yn Bentref Llwyn 1 984 Garthen n. 3 7 Llwynteg -(SN 41 0-470)[1lwyn

+ teg]; [i!-ujn te : g '

E. \Villiams, N . Thomas]

Llwyn-teg OS 1 89 1 , Lhvyn-teg, Siop Pant-rasis > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 44, Llwyn-teg 0Sc. 1 95 0 'Llwynteg yvv'r enw a r garreg wal y ty nev,')'dd; ond i bawb o ' r cylch adwaenir y fan fel Siop

[>1 945 T. J. Thomas: 44]. Llynddwr -(SN 409-41 9)[llyn + d\\rr] ; [im 6u : r E. '

Pantrasys'

\Villiams]

Llyndd\-\T 1 806PR Llandysul, LlyndvvT OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llyn-dvvT O S 1 834, Llynov"T 1 83 3PR Llandysul, Lh.�-"fn Ddwr, Llyndd\\'T 1 84 1 TMS, Llyndd'VvT O S 1 904, Bank Llyndvv'T Cottage (prox.)

196 1 H.R.Evans p.l65 in (c) Pen Llyn Dwr (on Brynrhudd, 76-b) [ 1 859map Gogerddan n.24], is also evidenced with other terms such as in LlynwenddWr (33-a), RhewyndWr (24a), (c) Blaen Ffos Ddwr (SN 288-503, prox. Esgaireithli-.., 8-a) [l787sur map] , and Penwarch Dl:Vr (Llanna.rt.�) . [ 1 958 H. G. Davies: 12]. In the case of P11llldl'Vr ( 1 5-b), Pyllau-dlvr (4 1 -a), and Esgair Pl'Fllm1'r (59-b) it could be argued that since plVll ca.'l also mean '(dry) pit', the addition of m:Vr is not necessary tautologous, though I do not The apparently superfluous addition of dWr 'water' to

llyn

'lake', also

hold with this. Llynfri.wt-isa -(SN 4 1 1 -4 1 4) [llyn + y + bran (+ isaf)] ;

[imvra:n'va:z E.

Williarns]

Llynyfranisaf OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904-82

[OS1 904; OS1 982] .

Llynfran-ucha -(SN 4 1 1 -4 1 5)[llyn + y + bran (+ uchaf)] ; [hn r J. Thomas] Dolvor 11ill 1 750 R.Evans M:S8, Felin Dolfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dolfor Mill 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Melin-ddol-for OS 1 834, Dolfor l\lf_.ill 1 84 1TIAS, �.1eli."'l Ddolfor (Com) O S 1 89 1 , 11elin Dolfor O S 1 904, Felin Dolfor O S 1 982 Melingeiron -(SN 4 5 1 -4 38) [ melin + lm. Ceiront Alltyrodyn Mill 1 706 BRA ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 07, Altyrodyn Mi11 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 1 1 0, Keyron 11ill 1 773 BF�.L\ ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 1 7, Velin Kyron 1 790 BF�A._ (1 955) Mc;,;8 p. l 24, Feli.11alltyrodyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velin Kyron als. 11elin Chyron 'formerly, but now called' l\.1ill Field + Velin Nev.ydd 1 826 BRA ( 1 95 5) l'AS S p . 1 34, l'Aelin-Geyron (sic loc.) OS 1 834, Velin newyo ? 1 836PR LlandysuL �.1ill 1 84 1 TMS

Cf OW.tn Lann Deui Ros Cerion (E. Much Dewchurch, Heres.) [c. l l40 lL: 275; 1967-70 M. Richards: 95 ] . Melingletwr -( SN 427-468) [melin + hn. Cletwr] ; [velm'kletur J'v1. Evans, N. Thomas] Melindre Glettwr 1 564rent, Y Vel:;mdre Gletr..vr 1 65 1rent, Clettwr JV_jll 1 759 G.E.Evans MSS p. 8, 1.1elyn Clettvvr 1 79 1 BRP.. ( 1 955 ) MSS p.68, Felinglittwr OOS1 8 1 1 , Felin Cletwr O S 1 83 4, Velyn Gletwr 1 84 1 TM8, FeJin Clettwr (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Glettwr 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/1 p.48 Melin Pant-lum!wen -(8N 4 1 6-41 9) [meli.� + tn. Pant-houlwen (1 4-a)] ; [ pan t , ;:,!wen ' fa tri E. \Villiams] Tir Melindre \Vyon, Tir arall y l\.1elindre \Vion 1 564rent, Panthoylwen M:ill l 745 BRA. ( 1 95 5) 1.1SS p.55, Pant Olwen als. Tyr Pant Olwen als. Craigw;on als. Mehndre Wyon 1 746 BRA (1 955) 1.1SS p. 55, Pantholwen Mill 1 809 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 82, Felin Pa.nt-hailwen OS 1 834, Pant Holwen Mills 1 84 1 TMS, Felin Pant-haulwen (Corn) OS 1 891 , Pantolwen Mills OS 1 904, M_ills 0Sc. 1 9 5 0 A woollen factory 1 890-1962 ( 1 984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37]. Melin Rhydywain -(SN 44 0-45 l ) [melin + tn. Rhydywain (14-a)] ; [pentre,hri:d'owen, vdm,hri:d 'owen N. Thomas] Aber Menei (prox. ) >1265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llyc.b-au, Melin Rhyd Owen 1 602 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, MeJifl Rhud Owen 1 603-25 T . I . J . Jones ( 1 955) p.89, Meli.fl-y-pandy ? 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 48, �Aelyn y Pandy 1 679 BRA ( 1 955) �.1S8 p. 1 04, R.lJ.ydowen Tucking Mj!l 1 706 BRA ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 07, Rhyd Owen Mill 1 750 REvans .l'vlSS, Pontrhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velinrhydowen 1 821 BR.A ( I 955) 1\lf..S S p. l 3 2, Rhydowen l\.1ill 1 825PR LlandysuL 1'.1ill O S 1 834, Rhydov.ren MilL l'.1ill 1 84 1 TillS R.ltyd Owen 0Sc. 1 950 Pa.rt of Faerdre grange. Melin Tregroes -(8N 406-447) [melin + tP� Tregroes (14-a)] ; [velm E. Willia.IP. s, N. Thofl'l.as] 23 1

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tregros 11i11 1 806PR LJandysuL Tregroes 1£11, 1£11 1 84 1 TIA:S, Com 11i11 OS 1 89 1

Minffordd

-(SN 448-4 1 5) [mL11 + y + ffordd] ;

[w..m'f:lr(),

later

pcn'p:lmpren

S.

Willian1s]

11inffordd OS 1 891 , Penpompren 0Sc. 1 950

ofPenpompren ( 1 4-a) after the latter was abandoned. [m:>k N. Thomas, E. \Villia:rns, 0. Rees]

This took the name

l\1oc -(SN 3 79-475)[

? ];

Mock 1 792PR LlandysuL Moe OS 1 8 1 1 , Mock OS 1 834, Mock Farm OS 1 89 1 , Moe, 1 6/02/3 3, Mock c. 1 970 Derived from E.

mock

Y Moe

1 93 3

WGaz.

WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /7 'efelycb..iad, gwawd'

[ 1 868

B. Williams:

270];

" . . . a chlywais mai y \vedd ge!!wei.rus

sydd debycaf o fod yn gywir gan fod y perchen yn h)"vV yn Dinas Cerdyn, a phan byddai gv.yr y rhybuddio ang1add neu neithior yn dod oddi am.5jlch nid oedd iddynt gardod yn y Moe gan mai gwasanaethyddion yn unig oe.dd yno. " [ 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/3 3] . The usual hypocoristic form of Morgan

in

Cardiganshire is also

�Moe; cf �Mockwell (Hayc.astle), contaiPing well and either ME moke 'a stump' or 'muck' [1 994 PN Pembs: 2 1 3 ] . Moelhedog-isa

-(SN 445-460)[moel + ehedog (+ isaf)] ;

11oel-hedog-isaf OS 1 904

Moelhedog-ucha =(SN 446-46 l )[moel + ehedog (+ uchaf)] ; [m;,jl'hed:>g N. Thomas] Moylehedauc, Molhehedauc > 1 265( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Molehedauc > 1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Tir Pen 11oel Hedog 1 76 1 M.Fichardson M:ss p.257, Moelhedog 1 79 1 PR Llandysul, Hebog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mol Hedg 1 8 1 1 PR LlandysuL Molhedog 1 8 1 7PR L!andysuL Foe! Hedog 1 823PR Llandysul, Foledog 1 828PR Llanwenog, Moel Hedog O S 1 834, Vole-hadog, Voe1�adog 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Mo1�edog (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p.23 9, 11oelhedog uchaf OS 1 982 The name of the Caernarfonshire mountain of explained by

L.

Morris

[1 745 in 1 947 H. Owen: 55],

Afoelhedog

(now better knovvn as

Afoelhebog)

was

" onid a ehedo gyrlt.aedd ei drum gan serthed y diph\.vys" ;

"11oel Hebog (Camarvonshire) is called 11oel Hedog or 11olihedog about Criccieth. " [1917 H. Owen: 1 3 1 ] . I. \Villiaw..s [ 1 945: 1 7] explai.11S both these names thus: " Ge!!ir deall ehedawg fel gair cyffredin am aderyn, ehediad ( er i mi glywed Hedog fel enw ci erstalwm yn NgrJynnog, A.rfon). Efallai mai enw torfo l -yrw, neu, luosog, os teg cymryd ednog 'man wybed, gnats' (lluosog), ednogyn (unigol) fel patrwm (gw. Ll.A. 1 0, Duw a wnaeth yr ednog a'r gwydbet), ond ceir edynogyon fel lluosog hefyd (B. T. 44). Mae cael Moelehedog yn �Mon a Cheredigion yn erbyn deal! Ehedog ynddo fel enw dyn, er cystal fuasai ei gael am ehed\\lf y dyddiau hyn. 11oel Adery:n neu Adar yw. " ; see Penmoelhedog (14-b). Myrtlehi!I (SN 3 85-464)[£. myrtle + hill] ; [m�rt�l'hrl E. Williams, N. Thomas] -

Myrtle Hill OS 1 904

Nantcwnstabl

-(SN 3 9 1 -482)[nant + y + C\vnstabl] ;

[nant'knstab Ll

.

Jones, I. A. Griffiths,

nant'kunstab

N.

Thomas] Nant y Cunstabyl 1 564rent, Nant y O..v11stab 1 65 1 rent, Tir Nant y Cuntstable 1 697/98 D.T.MJones l\.1SS volA p.763, Tyr Nant y Cwmstable 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D.T.11.Jones 11S S volA p. 764, Nantycwnstab OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-y-cwnstabl O S 1 834, Nant Constable, Nan Constable 1 84 1 TMS, Nantygwlstab 1 84 l cet:1S. , Nant-y­ cw:nstabl O S 1 89 1

Na...wttegryd-fach -(SN Williams]

442-41 9)[nant + ergryd (+ bach)] ;

[mmt,egnd'va:x; J .

Thomas,

(c) ka·,nant ,egrid 'va:x; S .

Nantygryd fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nanthergid fach 1 8 1 4PR Llandysul, Nantegryd fach 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Nantegrid vach 1 826PR Llandysul, Nant-teg-rhyd-ffich OS 1 834

Nantegryd-fawr -(SN 449-423)[nant + ergryd (+ tna\\lf)] ; Nant Egryd 1 7 1 8/1 9 D . T. M Jones 11SS vol.4 p. 764, Nanthegrid 1 8 1 0PR Llandysul, Nantygryd fa\\'T 008 1 8 1 1 , Nanthergid 1 8 1 6PR LlandysuL Na..'lt-teg-rhyd-fav.rr OS 1 83 4, Nant-egryd 1 84 1 TMS, Nant­ tegrhyd O S 1 891 , Nantegryd O S 1 904

The earliest form suggests the second term was egryd 'quaking, trembli.11g, horror, fear', rather tb.an

tegryd egryd] is likely to be a reflex by dissimilation of ergryd [GPC s.v. ergryd]) , the phrase in BBC [c. l 250: 37] !ocati.'lg the grave of Rhu.'l ab Pyd in ergrid avon appears to refer to the commotion of a fast flowing stream (though �A. 0. H. Jarman [ 1 982: 141] suggests it may be a hydronym) . Nearby C"}vmtegryd (14-a), attested later than ""l\fantegryd, could be a misdivision of Nantegryd as 1\fant­ tegryd. The nearby stream is now called ]\fantmorgan (d) [inf J. Thomas] . If the name does contain rhyd it is not easy to decide between the fords on Nantmorgan near Nantegryd-fach (14-a), or on the Cletwr(i) next to Rhydychen (14-a); cf Cwmtegryd (14-a). Nantremenyn -(SN 428-470) [nant + )If + ymenyn]; (nantre'menm 11. Evar..s, N. Thomas, E. \Villiams] 'fair ford' (the form egryd [GPC

s.v.

232

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tir Nant y �1eni.'1 1 62 1 Cilgv.yn ( 1 95 5)

MSS

p. 68,

I

MSS , Nant y Menyn 1 73 0PR Troedrour, NantremerJ...-•1 1 79 1 BRA.

Nantremeni.11

1 803map

J. S inger,

Nantyrymsnyn

1 808

S . RMeyrick

p. 1 56,

Nantyrymenyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantrefmenyn 1 828PR Llanwnnen, Nant-yr-ymenyn OS 1 834, Nantre Menyn, Nant Remenyn 1 84 1 TM ...S , Nant-tre-ymenyn OS 1 89 1 , Nantremenyn OS 1 904, Na..11tyrymenyn 1 984 Gambo n. 1 8 The pronunciation of 1 945 : 45--46]

explained the name somewh-at

rhedyn ac eithin oesoedd weditroi'n dair neu. bedair troedfedd o fawn; wedi ei dorri a'i sychu. yn yr haf, gwnai

hv•m danwent rhagorol Arf.erai certi o bentre Landysul (sic) a'r gymdogaeth, cyn oes y rheilffordd

a'r glo, dod i fyny yma am lwythi

o

d'werch, fel y gelwir mawn yma, ac wedi dringo i ben J\1oelymor, a

gv;lad yr addewid yn y golwg, fe §j'n gystadleuaet_� am y cyntaf i gyrraedd y rhos, a

tr..a\Vf

y gyrru a fyddai

Cae-rasys (72-b) , Bancrasys (22-b). [pant,hre'dinen N. Thow.as, pantre'dinen, pant'rinen

drVvy'r pant; d)na, mae'n debyg, ddechrau'r envv- Pant-'rasis. " ; cf

Pantrhedynen -(SN 3 98-434)[pant + y + rhedynen] ;

E.

Williams] Pant y R.�edyney 1 564rent, Pant y Hhedynen 1 65 l rent, Tir Pant y Rhedynen 1 697/98 D . TJ\1.Jones l\.1S S vol.4 p. 763 , Pant R.�ydynen 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D . T . M Jones MS S vo1.4 p. 764, Pantyrhyd)nen OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pantredynen, Pant "Kh.edyon 1 841 TMS , Pant-y-rhedynen OS 1 89 1 Pantrhedynen-fach -(SN 398-434)[pant + y + rhedynen ( + bach)] ; [pantre ,dinen'va:x, pant,rinen'va:x E . \Xfilliams] Pantrhedynen fach 1 806PR Llandysul Pant-y-rhedynen-rnch O S 1 891

Pantsgawen -(SN 443-472)[pant + ysgawen] ; [pant'skowen J. Daf1s, pan'skawen Ll. Jones, pant'sk�wen N. Thomas]

235

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tythin Pant Yskawen 1 690 BRP.. ( 1 955) MSS p. l 06, Tythin Pant y Skawen 1 736 BRA ( 1 95 5) �1SS p. l l O, Pantysc.awen 1 768 BR.i\ ( 1 955) MS S p.60, Tyth i.tl Panty Skawen 1 777 BR..A ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l l 9, Pont Seawen 1 795PR Llandysul, Pantysgawen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant Ysgawen OS 1 834, Pant-y-scawen 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-yscawen OS 1 89 1 , Pantsgawen ( dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.272, Pantscawen 0Sc. 1 950 Pantsguthan -(SN 391 -437)[pant + ysguthan] ; [ pant'skiSan E. Williams, pant'sk�ean N. Thomas] Pant Yskythan 1 564rent, Pant y Scythem 1 65 l rent, Pantscyt.han OOS 1 8l l , Pant-ysguthan OS1 834, Pant Scythan, Pantsgythan 1 84 1 1MS, Pant-ysguthan OS 1 891 Pantsgu.than�fach -(SN 389-43 5)[pant + ysgutP.an]; [pant,s!c..I6 an'va:x E. Williams] Pant-ysguthan-!ach OS 1 89 1 , Pantysguthan-fach 0Sc. 1 950 Pantsifft -(SN 426-442)[pa._1't + ? ]; Pantshi._ft OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pentreshift 1 8 1 7PR L!andysul, Pentresbift 1 82 8PR Llandysul, Pant-sift OS 1 834, Pant Sifft, Panshift 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-sifft O S 1 89 1 , Pentre Shifft + Pantshifft 1 958 W'FM MS 1 506/2 pp. 1-2, Pant Shiffi: 1 958 \VFM MS 1 506/2 p.48, PantsJ:.ifft c. 1 970 \VR-1 :l\AS 2 1 1 1 /7 There were two places in this vicinity, one called Pantsiy"ft and the other Pentre-sifft: "Yr oedd pentref bach arall yn 'is i la\-vr ar y tyrpeg rhyvv led cae i ff\vrdd, ond byddai'r ddau le yn ystyried eu hunai.'l yn hollol ar wahan am fod ir ddau o honynt enwau iddynt eu hunain. Pentre Shiffi: y gelwid yr isaf, ac enwau dau o'r bythynod oedd Pantsb1fft. Gwahaniaethem ni y plant rhwng y ddau P.vthyn yma trwy arddodi enwai'r deiladon ynghyd ag emvau'r tai - fel Pantshifft Nlari a Pantshifft Hannah. Un o'r bythynod sydd yn sefYll yno erbyn heddyv1, ac er mvvyn dilyn yr oes cafodd enw steilis 'Lhvynon'. " (1 958 Wfl..if :rvrs 1 506/2: I-2; 1 970 K. Da"ies: 1 2] . Since pentref sometimes has a tendency to become pant in a pre-stress position, \Ve may suspect tr.at both places originally had the same name Pentre-shifft. The significance of sifft (E. shift) as an adjective in Cardiganshire Welsh \Vas pejorative, something 'i...tnpermanent, temporary', e. g. km�jift meant a 'throwaway' lunch, regularly prepared on a Monday when the \vife was pre-occupied with the washi.."flg-up (Llanio) [inf. C. Jones, inf E. Evans] (cf. A 'ch:i."flio shifft' ddydd Llun;" [ 1 958 D. Gw. Jones: 1 14]), whilst gweli1Ift meant a temporary bed rr.ade with a mattress, cushior.s, or even a mat for a visitor [inf c . Jones], more commonly known as howsal [h"'lf C. Jones, inf E. Evans] . The renaming of the last standi."'lg house ofPantsifft as Llwynonn was explained thus by K. Davies [1958 WFM MS 1 506/2: 1-2; 1 970 K. Davies: 12]: "Nid yw pobl yr oes yma yn foddlon rhoi shi:fft o enw ar eu tai. " Pantstreimon -(SN 455-446) [pant + y + streimon]; (pant'strejm:m J. Thomas] Pant Ystreinlon c. 1 569 i.11 RepWMSS vol l pt.2 p. 895, Pantstreimon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.85, o Bantystreimon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Pant y Porth.rnon (sic?) 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p.48, Pant y Strymon 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.M.Jones M_.S S vo1.4 p. 764, Pantstrein10n 1 794PR Llandysul, Pantstrimon OOS 1 81 1 , Pant-y-strimon OS 1 834, Pant Strimon 1 84 1 TIAS, Pant-y-strimon OS 1 891 , Pantstrei.'lol n 0Sc. 1 950 The term streimon is interesting for it appears to be the E. strayman, whom we assume \Vas a collector of estrays or stray animals. The term strayman is, to my knowledge, not found in English. Pant-teg(i) -(SN 470-4 1 3)(Pontllwni)[pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS 1 8 9 1 Pant-teg(ii) -(SN 428-460)(Pontsian)[pant + teg]; Pa.11t-teg OS1 891 Parcau -(SN 4 1 2-423)[parciau] ; Tir Parke Llandissill 1 6 8 1 BF�t\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 04, Parke 1 783 :l\A. Richardson MSS p.260, Park w.awr 1 803map J. Singer, Parcau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parke 1 8 1 9PR LlandysuL Parke 1 84 1 Th1S, Smithy OS1 891 , Pare rr.av;r (sic loc.) 1 96 1 H.REvar1s p. 1 5 1 Penrallt -(SN 436-473)[pen + yr + alit] ; [praH J. Dafts, pen'raH N. Thomas] Tir yr i\llt vawr 1 62 1 Cilgwyn I MSS, Gwar yr Alit fawr als. Pen yr LAJlt fawr, 'lt..ill called' Yr Allt fa\'\lf 1 7 1 6 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p.46, Gwarr yr Allt vav.'l" als. Pen yr Allt vawr 1 733 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 49, Penyrallt fa\\'1" 1 747/48 BRA.. ( 1 95 5) 1\!f� S p. 55, (c) 'hill' Alltfawr als. Yr i).Jltfawr 1 768 BR.I\. ( 1 955) :l\.1SS p. 6 1 , Pen)'l"allt 1 783 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 65, Pen y Rallt 1 803map J. Singer, Pen)'l"allt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'rallt O S 1 834, Penrallt 1 834PR Llandysul, Pen Allt 1 84 1 TM...S , Penrallt (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p. 239, Pen­ yr-allt OS 1 891 Penbanc -(SN 45 1 -43 5)[pen + y + bane] ; [ pem ' hauk J. Thow.as] "

236

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penybank 1 773 BR.i\._ ( 1 95 5) M ..S S p. 1 1 7, Penban..�e 1 824PR Llandysul, Penyban.� 1 826 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 34, Penbank 1 836PR Llandysul,

Mill Farro., Mill Field 1 84 1 TM_8, Wernhir (Penbanc) 1 88 1 Jo}l_n MSS vol.2 p. 1 53 , Pen-bane O S 1 8 9 1 , Pen-bane O S 1 904, Penbanc OS 1 982 See }vfelingeiron (1 4-a). Pen-y-bont -(SN 444-407){pen + y + pont] ; Francis

Pen-y-bont O S 1 89 1 , Penbontfach ? 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 63 Refers to Pont Dolfor (SN 445�407) (OS 1 904] . Penbont Bargod -(SN 3 86-462)[pont + tn. Bargod (1 4-a)] ; [b:mt E. Williams, b�nb'barg:ld, formerly pen�'b:lnt N. Thomas] Penbont-Bargoed O S 1 904, Penbont-Bargoed O S 1 982

Penbryn(i) -( SN 408-484)(Blaencribor)[pen + y + bryn] ; [pern'brm Ll. Jones] Pen-bryn OS 1 89 1

Pen-y-bryn(ii) -(SN 395-428)(H{)reb) [pen + y + bryn] ; Pen-y-bryn O S 1 89 1

Pencamhiced -(SN 4 1 1 -437)[pen + earn + pn. Hiced] ; [penkan'Iked, penk;1n'Iked E . Williams, pe.Qkar 'niked N. Thomas] Cwm y Geist als. Penkae'r Nicked a!s. Ffyn..'lo n Saer 1 784 BR,a._ ( 1 955) l\1S S p. 66, Pencornicell (sic) OOS1 8 1 1 , Pencarniced 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Pen Cam Nicced 1 8 1 8PR Llanwenog, Pengarn Ricked 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Penc.arn Hicced 1 824PR Llandysul, Pengraig Hicced 1 827PR Llandysul, Pen-cae­ ricket OS 1 89 1 , Pen-carnicced OS 1 904, Pencanicket 1 909 T.M. Phillips p. 86, Pencarn-niced >1 945 T. J. Thomas p . 42, Pencarniced 0Sc. l 950

It would seem that Hiced is derived from the E. pn. Bickett, Brees.); cf. Cae-P.hiced (41 -a). Pencnwc -(SN 423-455) [pen + y + cnwc] ; [brm'amlug N. Thomas]

cf.

Trvyn Brynhiced {SN 88-32, Llandeilo-faen,

Pencnwc, Pencnwck 1 81 3PR Llandysul Bencnwck 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cnwc \vas the old house's name, but the new cottage was called' Bryn Amlwg 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 23, Pen-cnwc neu Dy Deio Ddoch 1 970 K Davies p. 1 23

"�1ynnai pobl yr ardal lynu wrth yr hen enw a chodai gv.rrychyn Deio ar unwaith bob tro y clywai ef bobl a llawer a bygwth yn enbyd, nid oedd dim yn tycio, fel Pen�cnwc neu Dy Deio Ddoch [ ("wy)ddoch gair llusg] yr adwaenid ei dy hyd ddiwedd ei oes. " ( 1 970 K. Davies: 1 2 3 ] . Pencwarre -(SN 452-434)[pen + y + cwarre] ; [ peg'kwa re J . Thomas] Penquarre 1 8 1 5 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l 29, Pencwarrau 1 827PR Llandysul, Pencwarae 1 829PR Llandysul, yn cyfeirio at ei balas fel Pen�cnwc. Ond er iddo ffraeo �

Pen-y-cwarau OS 1 834, Penquarau 1 833PR LlandysuL Pen-quarry 1 84 1 TMS, Pengwarre 1 88 1 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p. l 53, Pen-quarry OS 1 89 1 , Pencwarre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.244 Pencwarre was composed of two abutting houses, one of which was later distiP.guished as he(}van Thomas] . Pendre -( SN 4 1 1 -436) [pen + y + tref]; [pen'dre: E. \Villiams, N. Thomas] Ty With 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, (c) Allt Ty-chwith O S 1 904, (c) Alit Ty-hw)rth O S 1 982 Penffm -(SN 3 93 -429)[pen + y + ffm] ; [ pen fi : n N. Thomas]

[inf.

J.

'

Perrff'm 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Pen�y-ffin O S 1 8 9 1 , Penffm OS 1 982

Pengelli -(SN 445-458)[pen + y + celli] ; Pengelly 1 84 1 Tiv!S, Pengelli 1 95 8 �A MS 1 506/1 p. 60, Pengelli OS 1 98 2

Pengraig(i) -(SN 445-423)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + craig] ; [peg'grajg J. Thow.as] Pen-graig OS 1 89 1

Pengraig(ii) -(SN 394-468)(Cegi...rnm) [pen + y + craig] ; [pen'grajg E. Willian:1s, N . Thoro.as] Penygraig 1 8 1 3PR L1andysul, Pen'graig OS 1 834, Penygraig 1 841 Th1S, Pen-y-graig OS 1 891 Part of Ceginan

(14-a) [1813PR LlandysuiJ. Pen:rheol -(SN 440-483) [p en + yr + heol]; Tyle-wyllt OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rheoL Penrheol 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p.6 1 , Penhewl l 979 D. W.Bundock p. 1 9

Penie! -(SN 4 1 8-406) [Bibl.tn. Penuel] ; [penje! J. Thomas] (f. pn. ) Nani Tycv.rrdd \Vesley 1 88 0 in 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 82, Llandyssul (Peniel) c. l 902 E.R.Horsfall­ Turner p. 280, Llandysul (Ceredigion) 1 98 0 E.Edwards p. 72, Chap O S 1 982

237

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD b. 1 808 [ 1 85 1 Rel

cens. :

1 844-45 (c.l 902 E.

500; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall�Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 72] ; b. 1 8 1 0 [ 1 987 B. J. R Horsfall-Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 72; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 99] ; denom. WM.

Rawlir..s:

99] ;

Penlati(i) -(SN 459-426)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + glan] ; Penylan 1 706 BRA. ( 1 95 5) J\1SS p. 1 07, Llain. Penylan als. Penylan 1 742 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l l l , Pen!an OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'lan OS 1 834

Penla.-t(ii) =(SN 3 86=44l )(Cros-lan)[pen + y + glan] ; [pen'lan E. \Villia:rr..s, N. Tho:rr.as] (c) Ffynnon Penlan (prox. ) 1 794 in 1 793 sur map, Penlan ? 1 8 1 2PR Llandysul, Pen-y-lan O S 1 834, Penlan 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-!an O S 1 8 9 1

Penlan-fach -(SN 4 1 5-452)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; [pen'arwel E. \Villiams, N . Thomas] Penlan fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , PerJan-fach O S 1 834, Pen-lan-fach-cyfeili OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-fach-g:;feile O S 1 904, Pen-lan-fach-gyfeile 0Se. 1 95 0, Penarwel Farm OS 1 98 2

Penl!wyn(i) -(SN 3 78-484)(Ffostrasol)[pen + y + llwyn]; [pen'iujn I. A . Griffiths] Pen-llWyn. O S 1 891

Penllwyn(ii) -(SN 395-428)(Horeb)[pen + y + llwyn] ; Pen-11Wy!l OS 1 8 91

Penlon -(SN 4 1 5-457)[pen + y + lon] ; [pen'!o:n E. Williarns, N. Thow.as] Penlon 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Penlone 1 820PR Llandysul, Pen-'lon O S 1 834, Pen=lon OS 1 89 1 , ym :r..1hen-lon 1 984 D.J. G.Evan..s p . 54

Pen!on Esgair -(SN 439-473)[pen + y + Ion + tn.

Esgair

(1 4-a)] ; [pen'lo:n N. Thomas]

Penylone OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'lon OS 1 83 4, Pen-Ion O S 1 891 , T)T..lon ? (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 269, Penlon

R

Esger 1 958 WN.1 M:S 1 506/1 p. 40, PerJonesger 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 1 4, Penlon Esgair

O S 1 982

Penlon-fach -(SN 437-448)[pen + y + Ion (+ bach)] ; Penlon faeh 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Pen-lon-tach OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lon-fach 0Sc. 1 950 On Pantdefaid land (1 817PR Llandysul). Pen!onwen -(SN 4 1 5-4 1 8)(pen + y + !on + gwen] ; [penlo:n'wen, penlan'wen E. \Villia:rr..s] Penlonwen 1 841 TMS, Pen-lon-wen O S 1 89 1

Pennant -(SN 449-45 1 )[pen + nant] ; Pennant O S 1 891

Penparc(i) -(SN 395-428)(Horeb)[pen + y + pare] ; Pen-pare O S 1 89 1

Penparc(ii) -(SN 449-43 3)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + pare] ; [pen'park J. Thomas] Pen-pare OS 1 89 1

PenpistyU =(SN 4 1 8=408)(pen + y + pistyll] ; o Benpistyll 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 245, Penpistyll als. Gwylfa 1 96 1 H. REvans p. 1 54, Gwilfa OS 1 : 5,000 map

Penpompren -(SN 447-4 1 3) [pen + y + pompren] ; [pen'p�mpren S . Williall'..s] Dol y Berllan als. Pen y Pombren 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.�..1.Jones M:SS vo1.4 p. 764, Penypompren 1 794PR LlandysuL

Penpompren

1 8 1 1 PR

LlandysuL

Penpontbren 1 84 1 1MS, Penypompren 1 841 TMS

Penpontbryn

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pen-y-bont�bren

OS 1 834,

After it fell in ruin, the name was transferred to Mi11jfordd (14-a). Penpwll -(SN 4 1 9-4 l l )[pen + y + pwll] ; Penpwll l 84 l cer..s . , Pemp..vl1 1 903 Geninen vol.2 1 p.24, Penpwll l 96 1 H.REvans fac.p. l 56 Penr.hiw(i) -(SN 3 77-483)(Ffostraso1)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hnw I. A. Griffiths] Pen-rhiv-1 08 1 89 1

Penrhiw(ii) -(SN 436-41 7)(Llanfair)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hrnv E . \Villiams, pen'nw N . Herbert, (c) hriW,be'nw J. Thomas] Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-rhiw 1 8 1 3PR Llandysu� Pen-rhiw 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-rbiw OS 1 89 1 Penrhiw(iii) -(SN 422-440)(Prengwyn) [pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-rl'-..iw O S 1 89 1

2 cottages ( 1 958 \VFJ\1 MS 1 506/2: 37) . Pen-y-rhiw(iv) -(SN 469-443)(1thydcynydd)[pen + y + rbiw] ; [gwarkod'v!la J. Thomas] Pen-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Gwarcoed Villa OS 1 982 L�existent [OS1 904].

238

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penrhiwcoule �(SN 458�443)[pen + rhiv.r + yr + ceule] ; Penrhiwcoileu 1 840PR Llandysu� Pen-rhiw-coele OS 1 89 1 , Pemhiwceule (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 268, (c) Rhiw Coelau 1 924-26 CSRLS 62 The element coule appears to stand for uP.attested ceule 'hollow place, crevice, chasm' a1so seewiP.gly found in Fjjmnonceule (70-b) and Troedrhiwceule (u..'1loc., near Lett..erston, Pembs.), trodrnv'kejle [i.'lf S\VDP] (the latter in a..'l area where medial is pronounced [ej] and not [ :>j]. Penrhiw-fach -(SN 445-458) [pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; Penrhiw fach 1 84 1 TMS , Penrhiw OS 1 982 Penrhhlrfelen �(SN 456-4 1 3)[pen + y + rhiw + melen] ; [pen,hrnv'velen J. Thomas] Pemhiwfelen 1 836PR Llandysul, Gwarallt OS 1 89 1 , Pemhiwfelen (sign) Penrhiwpinnau -(SN 441 -4 1 9) [pen + rhiw (+ yr + pinnau)]; [pendriW'pme S. Williaw.s, peru'pme J. Thomas] FJllw-pinau O S 1 834, Pen-rhiw-fiic h OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw Penrhiwpin...'le 1 924-26 CSRLS 62, Pen-rl>.iw-rach OS c. 1 950, Penrhiwpinnau OS 1 982 I believe this name is h'l contrast to Penrhiw(ii) (14-a) at the bottom of which stood Troedrhiwhatau (1 4-a) which I believe refers to hatmakers; cf "mewn gweithdy cyfagos [ i . e. �Moelon, 9-a] yr oedd dau neu dri \vrth y grefft o wneud pinnau. " [ 1 962 CER: 4.215] ; another possibility is that pme represents pynnau '(horse)loads', though pune would be the expected realisation in this area; cf Cwmydw (Myddfai, Carms.), Tir Cl.vmychv als. Tir y Pinna 1 640 [ 1 99 1 D. B. James: 224]. Pensarn -(SN 3 73-475)(Ffostrasol)[pen + y + sam] ; [pen'sarn I. A. Griffith.s] Pensarn 1 747 BRA l\ASS in 1 964b 1\A.F...icJ:t..ards p. 3 88, Ffoestrasol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos-drossol 1 826PR Llangynllo, Ffos-trasol OS1 834, Ffostrosol 1 83 5PR Troedrour, Pantycrychydd als. (sic) Forstrasol, Foes Lasol 1 84 1Tl\.1S, Pen�lan O S 1 891, Pensarn 'neu fel gelwir y lle yn awr' Ffo strasol c. l 900 V/Fl\.1 MS 1 520/1 , Pen..sarn OS 1 982 This place gave rise to Pentre Pensarn, the origill.al n.ame of the village of Ffostrasol (1 3 a) . It would seem that Ffostrasol was an alias of Pensarn. Pensteps -(SN 434-464) [pen + y + steps] ; [pen'steps l\1. Evans] a Phen�step, Plas y Binc (adj.) 1 970 K.Davies p. l 3 9, Plasybinc c. 1 970 \VFJ\1 }..1S 2 1 1 1 /7, Pensteps 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp. l 3 , 1 9 PENTRE-LLWYN -(SN 41 1 -425)[pentref + yr + llwyn] ; [pentre'!ujn, pentre'g :>rig E . Williaw.s] Esgair Cerdi.'l O S 1 891 , Pentrelhvyn OS1 982 This is a roadside village, which at its largest extent covers everything bet\veen Abernithan and Frongoch (1 4-a). There were two names for this ·village since at least the 1 920s (inf. E. Williams] . Its name has not been taken up by official authorities: "the village has spent the last 1 0 years mistakenly described as Gorrig Road", "villagers say the name was i.11 popular use until about 1 0 years ago", Dyfed County Council refused to pay for sigP.s at £1 50 + VAT, "The County Council claims t!-a.at Pentrelh:vyn does not appear in the postal directory, which is what it uses. " ( 1 992 C:N 20/03/92: 1 1 ] . Comprising: 1) Abemythar" 2 ) Dre-nev.ydd, 3 ) Frongoch, 4) Gw1on Castle, 5) Pantmonvynior" 6) Parcau, 7) Soar, 8) Windsor -

Hall.

PENTRE-WAlJN -(SN 465-4 1 3)[pentref + tn. Gwaun[ifor] ( 1 4 a)] ; [pentre'wejn J. Thomas] ill£ Comprising: 1) Glasfryn, 2) Gwaunmartin, 3) Lhvynmartin, 4) Tancapel. PentWr -(SN 453 -442)[pen + y + t"Wr] ; Pen-y-h�1r OS 1 89 1 , Pent\vr 1 924-26 CSRLS 36, Pentwr c. 1 970 \VFM l\.1S 2 1 1 1 /7 Penwac -(SN 409-41 9)[pen + y + wac] ; [pen'wa:k E. Williaro..s] -

Penyw-ac 1 84 l cens. , Pen-walk OS1 891 Penwalcau -(SN 4 1 7-407)[pen + y + ? ] ; Penwalcau 1 836PR Llandysul, Penwalk 1 932 John Francis .l\1S S vol 2 p. 96, Penwalcau 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 52, ym }..1henwa1cau 1 976 CER vo1. 8 p. 27 It is very difficult to decide whether the second term is a plural of wac 'drive, lane' or gwalcen 'terrace, bank, rise', the i.rritial and the form of 1 932 may favour wac. Penwalcen -(SN 424-468)(pen + y + gwalcen] ; Pen-walken OS 1 89 1 , Pen-waL�en OS 1 904, Penwalcen OS 1 982 Penwern -(SN 454-439)[pen + y + gwern] ; [pen'wern J. Thoro.as]

239

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penywern 1 706 BRA_ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, Penwern 1 790 BRA ( 1 95 5) :MSS p. 1 24, Penywem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-wern O S 1 834, Pen Wern 1 84 1 TM --S, Pen-y-wern O S 1 891

Penwem-fach -(SN 452-434) [pen + y + gwern (+ bach)] ; Pen-waun-fach OS 1 891

Perthronnen -(SN 400-43 4)[perth + yr + or.nen] ; [per9'r:men E.

\1/illiams, N. Thomas]

Perthyronnen 1 789 Bronwydd MSS , Perthyronen 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Perthyronen als. Porthyronen 1 826 Bromvydd MSS , Perthronen (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 249, Perth y Ronnen, Berthyronen 1 84 1 T!\1__s , Perth-yr-onen O S 1 891 Part of Glyn (1 4-a), COIT'tnorJy called Cefen y Glyn [1 826 Bromvydd MSS]. Pistyll -(SN 41 8-409)[pistyll]; Pystill 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL Pistill 1 83 8 Cilg';vyn I MS 37, Pistyle 1 84 1 TM --S, Pistyll 1 96 1 H.REvans ..

fac.p. l 56 Formerly part of Gilfachwen (14-a) [1 838 Cilgwyn I MS 37] . Pistyllta.-;ym -(SN 452-432) [pistyll + twym] ; {pistrl-' tujm, later 6�'rest J. Thomas] Pystill [ ]yn 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Pistyll-t{vym O S 1 89 1 , (c) Ffynnon Tvvym ? 1 924�26 CSRLS 36, The -

Rest OS 1 982

P!as-y-dderwen -(SN 41 3-402)[plas + y + derwen] ; Plas-y-ddenven O S 1 891

Plaslh�'Yd =(SN 450-41 2)[plas + llwyd] ; [pla:s'lojd J. Thornas] Place 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. 1 1 1 , Gilfach Rowel als. Plas Llwyd 1 758rent, Place Lloyd 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Plas 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p.67, Plas Llwyd 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 25 , Plasllwyd 008 1 8 1 1 , Plas-llv.yd OS 1 834, Plas Llwyd 1 84 1 TMS, Plas-lh\'Yd O S 1 891

Pleasant View -(SN 4 1 7-41 4) [E. pleasant + view] ; [plesant'viW E. \Villi&'llS ] Pleasant View OS 1 904 Pompren-fach -(SN 405-446) [pompren + bach] ; [p::>mpren'va:x + vowr E. W1111ams, b::>mpren + b::>mpren 'va:z N. Thomas] Dregros (sic) 1 84 1 Tl\1S , Pontbren OS 1 89 1 , Pont-bren 1 970 K.Davies p. 37, Pontbren�fach O S 1 982 Pontfoel -(SN 450-423)[pont + tn. Foel (1 4-a)] ; [b:mt�'vo:l, then bod'wen::>g, now buem + mi·n�'rav:m J. Thmnas] Pont-y-foel l 823PR LlandysuL Pont-fol 1 826PR Llandysul, Pont-y-Foel O S 1 834, Bont OS 1 89 1 , (c) Pont y Foel OS 1 891 , Pontvoel l 96 1 H.R.Evans p. l 62

A Novello Jones from Llanwenog parish who came to live here named it Bocf>.venog [inf

J_ Thomas]; cf

Bodwenog (1 7-a). Pontllwni -(SN 47 1 -4 1 3)(pont + tn. [Llan]llwni (Carms.)] ; Pont L\\'11y, Pont Llw;;mi 1 84 1 TMS, Pont-lhvni OS 1 89 1 Cf

Pontlfwni (14-b).

[p;1nta:n }..1. Evans, p:mtta:n J.Davies] M_.S S p. 68, Penybont newydd 1 798 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p.70, Pen Pont nwidd 1 803rnap J. Si.'lger, PeP_.ybont O OS 1 8 1 1 , i Bont Shan c. 1 83 0 in 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 6, Pen y Bont 0 S l834, Penbont nev.ydd 1 84 1 Th1S , Penybontshani 1 8 5 1 in 1 961 H.REvans p . 1 64, Pontshaen Shop 1 874 in 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 6, Pont-shan OS 1 89 1 , Pont S ian 1 899 Cyrr.ru vol. l 6 p.34, Pen-bont >1 900 in 1 979 D.W.Bundock p . 6, Pont-sian c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p . 2 1 4, Pontshan 1 907 J.Evans p. 1 44, Pontsb.aen 0Sc. 1 950, Siop Penbont 1 95 8 WFM 1\lf --S 1 506/1 p. 50, Penbont Shop 1 979 D.W.Bundock p . 5 ,

PONTSIAN

-(SN 43 8-462) [pont + f pn. Sian];

Penpont newydd

1 791

BRA (1 955)

Pont-Sian OS 1 98 2 It has been suggested that this name was originally Pont-(t)siaen 'chain-bridge', and this may b e reflected

in the form Pontshaen of 1 874, however the variant Penybontshani (with Siani, an hypocoristic form of would seem proof positive tl>.at the name was composed with Sian. Comprising: 1) Blaenbwber, 2) Cletvvr Terrace., 3) Cletwr Villa, 4) Gwynfiyn, 5) Penste.ps, 6) P\:vll-y-geJetsb__, 7) Pwllgrafel, 8) Riverside, 9) Tangraig, 10) Ysgol Pontsian. Poorhouse -(SN 4 1 8-408)[E. poorhouse];

Sian)

The Poor House 1 773 sur w.ap, Poor House 1 83 8PR Llandysul, Poorhouse 1 84 l cens. , Llain Poorhouse 1 879

in 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 5

This was destroyed when Lonleti (14-d) was widened

Porth

�(SN 4 1 8-407)[porth] ;

[ p;1re

E. Williams]

240

[inf R & n Lewis].

(14) GWYNIONYDD Tuy yn y Porth 1681 BRA {1 955) J\.1S S p. 1 05, Porth als. Ty yn y Porth 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. l 23, Ty y Porth 1 79 1 PR LlandysuL Porth 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Porth ucha 1 83 5PR Llandysul, 'formerly called' Caebach, 'now' Porth ucha (NW of road) 1 845 R Evans MSS, Shop-y-Porth 1 879 i.11 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 78, 'Rhen B orth (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.249 Porthrhyd -(SN 426-469)[porth + y + rhyd] ; Porth 'r Iyd 1 834PR Llandysul, Porth-rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Porth-rhyd OS 1 982 PJlENGWYN -(SN 424-44l ) [pren + gwyn] ; [pren'gwm M. Evans, preg'gwm J. Dafls, N. Thomas] Prengwyn 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Preng¥l)T., Pengv.')'Il l 841 TMS, Pren-g\vyn OS1 891 The site of this place on a busy crossroads leads me to believe that Prengwyn means 'white (wooden) post' rather than 'white tree', cf PostgtA'}W (32�bX Prencroes Castell (22�b). Comprisi.'lg: 1) Blaenmenai, 2) Capel Pantdefaid, 3) Carmel, 3) Gwarcefail A'ms, 4) Pantsifft. Pwllcwarre -(SN 452-422)[pwll + y + cwarre] ; [kware, pn. dajkware J. Thow.as] Pwll Quarrey, Pwll y Quarry 1 823PR LlandysuL Pwll-y-cwarau OS 1 834, Quarry Cottage OS1 891 , Quarry Cottage O S 1 904 Pvillffein -(SN 424-467)[pwll + ffein]; [ poi fejn l\.1. Evans, Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, E. \Villimr..s] Pwllybowle als. Pwll-fine 1 758rent, Pwllfme 1 79 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p.68, Pwllffein 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) fac.p. l , Pwll-ff'm OS1 834, Pwll-Fi.11e, Pwll y Ffeine 1 84 1 TMS, P\xlllffein + Hendy Pwllffein 1 84 l cens., Pwl!ffein 1 844PR Llandysul, Gwar-cwm (sic) OS 1 891 , Pwll-Ffein (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.248, Pwll-ffein OS 1 904, (c) Rhiw Pvtll-ffein 1 970 K.Davies p. 43 Pwll-y-geletsh -(SN 43 5-454)[pwll + y + gelaits] ; [poi�'gele (id.), now geraH M. Evans, geraH N. Thomas] Pwll y Geleach 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, P\vll y Gelech 1 8 1 9PR Llanwenog, Pwllgeletch 1 83 5PR LlandysuL Pwll-y-gelech OS 1 89 1 , Pwllygeletsh (dialect) 1 8 96 \V. J.Davies p. 245, Pwll y Gelets 1 970 K.Davies p. l 39, Pwllygelethsh c. 1 970 \VFI\1 MS 2 1 1 1/7, Pv.rllygeletch 1 979 D.\lf.Blh'ldock pp. l3, 1 9 Pwllgrafcl(i) -(SN 439-460)(Pontsian)[pwll + y + grafel] ; [poi'gravel N . Thomas, J\.1. Evans] Pwllgrafel >1 900 in 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp.6, 1 9 Two houses [inf. N. Thomas] . �.v!!grafel(ii) -(SN 433-446)(PrengvJYil) [pwll + y + grafel] ; Pwllygravel 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Pwllgravel 1 822PR Llandysul, (c) Gravel Pit OS 1 891 , Pwll-y-grafel O S 1 904 Part of Dre-newydd (1 4-a) [ 1 835 BRA. (1 955) MSS: 1 37] . Pyllau-bryn -(SN 45 5-458)[pyllau + yr + bryn] ; Pwll yr Bryn 1 790 BH.i\. ( 1 955) .I\1SS p. 1 24, Pwllybryn OOS 1 81 1 , Pyllau'r Bryn 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Pwlleyrbryn 1 824 BRA ( 1 955) :MSS p. 1 32, Pwllau-'r-bryn OS1 834, Pwlle Bryn, Pwllerbrfil 1 84 1 TJ\.1S, Pyllau'r-bryn O S 1 89 1 , Pylle'r Bryn (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 272 Pyrlip -(SN 396-460)[ ? ] ; [p�rhp E. Williams, b�rdhp N. Thomas] Birdlip Hill 1 769 Davies-Eva..'1S l\1SS, Purlip OOS 1 8 1 1 , Burlip 1 8 1 9 BP,..,..i ( 1 955) 1\.1SS p. l 3 1 , Birdlip OS 1 834, Birdlip 1 833PR Llandysul, Badlip, Bird Lip 1 84 1 Th1S, Y Perlyp 1 869 B.\VillialT'..s p. 77, Birdlip Hill Farm OS 1 89 1 , Purlip > 1 945 T.J.Thomas p.47 The name Birdlip Hill referred to a long steep hill to the SE of Gloucester, on one of the principal routes of Welsh cattle drovers heading for London [ 1 976a R. J. r-.1oor�Colyer: 1 07] (for the etymology of Birdlip, see ODEPN p. 44). However, the element is so common in Cardiganshire toponymy - viz Pyrlip (1 9�a) earlier Pantbyrlip, Penpyrlip (8-a), Gwaunbyrlip (54-a) - and seemingly in use as a conunon-noun that we are justified in doubting \vhether the Gloucestershire name was the originator of this place-name. The best eryrnology for pyrlip I can offer is a loan from E. bearleap 'carrying basket' [OED s.v. bearleap] , the second element of the English word was leap, which was borrowed t.h..rough an English dialect form lip [GPC s.v. lip] into Cardiganshire Welsh as lip 'basket'. The term hadlip 'seed basket' was in use in C\\lffigwaun (Pembs.) [ 1910 w. M. Morris: 159] . However, the significance of the meaning 'basket' in toponymy is unclear. Pyr!ip Bungalow -(SN 395-459)[tn. Pyrlip (14�a) + E. bungalow] ; Birdlip Bungalov.r OS 1 982 Rampin -(SN 4 5 1 -424)[E. rampant]; [rampm, rampant'lej:m J. Thow.as] Rampant Lion 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Lion :Rampant 1 88 1 John Francis 1\.1S S vo1.2 p. 1 53 It is likely that rampant was understood as rmnping; a si.T.ilar r.amed ir'l in Cilgerran (Pembs.) was also termed rampm [inf. ], and seems to have alluded to the coat-of-arms of the Lloyd family of Coedmor (3-a) wbich included a lion rampant. '

..

......

24 1

( 14) GWYNIONYDD Rhhlrfelen -(SN 456-41 1 )[r_hiw + melen] ; [hrnv, (c) hriW'velen J. Thmr.as] Rhiw-felen OS 1 89 1 Rhiw!ug -(SN 402-448) [rhiw + llug] ; [hriW'li:g E. \Villiams] Rhiw Lygg 1 564rent, Y R_._lllw Lug 1 6 5 lrent, Rhiv.r Luc 1 764-65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Rh_._._iw Luc 1 793PR Llandysul, Rhiw Lug 1 804PR LlandysuL Rhiwhg 1 806PR LlandysuL Rhiwhg OOS 1 81 1 , Rhywlug 1 822PR Llangynllo, Rhiw Lyg 1 83 5PR Llandysul, Rhiwlug, _Rhiwlog 1 841 TMS, Rhiwlug OS 1 891, F.}!iw Lug (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Williams p.245, Rhiwlig > 1 945 T.J.Thomas p. 84 T:Pis rnay be compared to t._�e hill p_.am_ed lv!oel Rlzfw,�fug (SH 88-56, Hiraethog, Denbs.). The word may be the noun llyg 'shrew, field-mouse', but the lack of definite article after rhiw (it is sho\vn before rhiw in the 1 65 1 form) rnake it likelier t:P.at we have an adjective, w:P.ich could be !lug 'light, gleami11g', also found in the name Llugfynydd (SJ 07-54, Clocaenog, Dcnbs.), Lluc Vynit [c . 1 250 BBC: 83]. Rhostafam -(SN 4 1 3-426)[rhos + y + tafarn] ; Rhos Dauern 1 65 l rent, Rhos Davarn 1 760CF, Rhosdafarn 1 795PR LlandysuL Rhostafern OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.�os-tafarn OS 1 834, Rhos Taveme 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p.524, R.�osdafarn 1 84 1 TMS, Rhos­ dafarn OS 1 89 1 Rhyd -(SN 41 0-473) [rhyd]; F�hyd[ ]ryn-uwch ? 1 83 8PR Llandysul, Rhyd 1 84 1 TMS Rhydceir-fach -(SN 453 -41 9)[rhyd + y + ceir (+ bach)]; Rhyd-ceir-ffi.ch 081 834, R.�yd-cair-±ach OS 1 89 1 Rhydceir-fawr -(SN 454-41 9)[rhyd + y + ceir (+ mawr)] ; [hri·d�'kejr J. Thomas] Rhyd y Ceir 1 826PR LlandysuL R.hyd-y-ceir OS 1 834, F�hydceir 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Rhydceir 1 841 TMS, P.:.�yd-cair-fa\vr OS 1 891, Rhyd-y-ceir OS 1 904, R.�yd-y-ceir O S 1 982 Rhyd Coedfoe! -(SN 428-434){rhyd + tn. Coedfoel (l4�a)]; [hri:d,ko:d'vo:l N. Thomas] Rhyd-coed-foel 1 84 1 TMS, Rhyd-coed-foel OS 1 89 1 Rbydcynydd -(SN 472-445)[rhyd + y + cynydd ? ] ; Rhydcunnith 1 706 BRA (1 955) 1v1S S p. l 07, R.�yd Cunnid 1 742 BRA (1 955) l\1S S p . l l l , Rhydycynnid 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) l\1SS p. l l 3, Rhyd y Cynnyth 1 773 BRA ( 1 955) l\1SS p. l l 6, Rhyd y Cynidd 1 790 BRA (1 955) :MSS p. l 25, Rhydycynydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd=cynydd OS 1 834, Rhyd y Cynn�1 1 833PR Llandysul, Rhyd Cynyo 1 836PR Llandysul, R.l-tyd-y-gyrtidd 1 841TMS, Rhyd-cynydd OS 1 89 1 , R.l-tyd-y-cynyd (Cynbyd) 1 924-26 CSRLS 45, Rhydycynydd 0Sc. 1 950 The foriP.s with final [-d] are likely to be a secondary development to those with PJ'.al [-�], cf cyntedd, gweirglodd ·� cynted, glA.!eirglod. Rhydfenai -(SN 43 5A47)[rhyd + hn. �Aenai] ; [hri:d'vene 1\1. Evans, N. Thorr.as] R.hydfene 1 796PR Llandysul, Rhydyfene 1 8 1 6PR Llandysul, Baili bach OS 1 834, Baily bach, R.�ydyfene als. Baily bach 1 841 Th1S, Rhyd-y-feP.ai OS 1 891, Beilibach, 'old name' RhydfeP.ai 1 899 D.E.Jones p.95, R.�yd-y-fene OS 1 904, Rhydfene OS 1 982 See Beili-bach (14�a). Rhydfodrwy -(SN 471 -452)[rhyd + y + modrwy] ; Tir-rhyd-y-vydnvydd 1 624 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies xv� Tir RhydY'.vydnvydd 1 624 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston xvi� Rhydyfudnvydd 008 1 8 1 1 , R.�yd-y-fudredd OS 1 834, Rhydyfodrwy 1 83 1PR Llanwenog, RhydP;drv.')'dd, Rhyd-\')'drwydd 1 84 1 TIAS, Rhydyf';drv.')'dd 1 846 l\1.Pjchardson l\1SS p.268, R.l-tyd-y-fyrwydd (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-y-fodrwy OS 1 904, R..l-tydyfodrwy 0Sc. l 950, Rhydyfodnvydd OS1 982 The fmal [-6] is added due to hypercorrection; modr.tydd � modnty (Lla..1.dysul) [ 1 8% w_ J. Davies: 242], £S'k�vruj.� -f-- cyjrwy, £S"m�druj.� � modrwy (Cei-ne\V'Jdd) [ 1 934a J J GL Davies: 667, 7 1 6] , see sub Llainc;jrwy (8-a); cf.trL Gwernmac-wy (Llanfihangel-ar-arth, Canns.), Gwern y !vfaccwy [ l 8thcent. RepvVMSS: 1 .2.941], Gwar­ macwydd [081 834], Warma�ty (dialect) [1 896 W_ l Davies: 23 1 ] , TVemmackwith [08 1982]. M. Richards [1963: 214] assumed that mordmvyd was popular etymology, but budredd which he tentatively assigns to this name is clearly not the original. Rhydga!ed -(SN 433 -462)[rhyd + cale d] ; [hri:d'ga!ed l\1. Evans] Rhyd-galed OS 1 891 Rhydgaradog -(SN 47 1 -41 6)[rhyd + pn Caradog];

242

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tyr Rhyd Gradock 1 749

C\vrt-ma'V\T

MSS , Rhydgaradog OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.�yd Caradoc 1 820PR Llandysul,

Rhyd-garadog OS 1 834, Rhyd Caradog 1 833PR Llanwenog, R.hydcaradog 1 84 1 11\lf_.S, Rhyd-caradog OS1 891

Rbydgeiron -(SN 459-450) [rhyd + b.n Rhydgeyron OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Ceiron];

Rhydygoeron

1 8 1 4PR Llam.venog,

P...hyd-geyron OS 1 834, Rhyd-y-geyron

OS1 891

Rhydnis -(SN 472-480)[rhyd + ? ]; [hri:d'ni:s

E. Evans]

Rhyd-ynys O S 1 89 1 , R..IJ.ydnis OS 1 904, Rhydnts 1 928 CAST vol. 6 p.46

L.11 the 0\Xf. tn. Villa Nis Nis enable us to decide

This is !L.lcely to contain the sa..tne element - perhaps a personal-name - as is found

[(c.743)c. l l40 LL:

1 86] . Neither the present place-name's realisation, nor the OW.

whether the form should be written nis or nys. Rhydsais -(SN 443-500) [rhyd + y + sais] ; [hri:d'sajs Ll. Jones, N. Thomas] Tythyn Rhyd y Sais 1 690 BRA ( 1 95 5) l\tf�S p . 1 06, Tythin FLIJ.yd

Sais 1 73 6 BF�.I\ ( 1 955)

1V!SS

p. l l O,

Rhydsais O OS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-Sais O S 1 834, R..�yd-y-Sais 1 84 1 Th1S, R..lJyd-Sais O S 1 89 1

Rbydychen ( S N 446-41 9)[tn. -

Rhydychen (Oxon.)?]; [Cc) ka· ,nd'Ix;en S .

\Villiams]

Rhydyrhen 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Rhld-ychen 1 825PR Llandysul

(E. Oxford) or is a..11 independent name. If Rhydychen is an independent ychen bannog, who were held responsible for 'superhuman' feats, t.lJere rnay be some co�11ection with the rocks of Cerryghyllod (14-b) some 3 50m to SES, cf Llechrochain (8-a), Cl-tys-yr-ychenbannog (33-b), Nant- Tegryd (14-a), RHYDYWALN ( S N 443-452)[tn. R..hydywain[-fawr] (1 4-a)] ; [hri:d'owen M Eva!l..s, N. Thomas, hri:d'IWen E. \Villia:rns, (c) skwa:r,hri:d 'owen N. Thomas] Pen Pont Rhyd Owen 1 573 Cilgwyn I J\1S S , Penpont Rhyd Owen 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.M Jones J\ASS vol.4 This is either named after Rhydychen

name it may have some connection with the mythical

-

p. 764, (vill) Rhydowen 1 803 B.H.Ma11cin p. 395 , Rhyd Owain 1 808 S . RJ\.1eyrick p. l 9 1 , Rhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydowen Village 1 81 3PR Llandysul, R.hydychain (sic) als. Alltyrodin 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Rhyd-owain O S 1 8 9 1 , Rhyd\ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 1

Comprisi..11g: 1 ) Amant, 2) Bert.!Ilas, 3) Capel-ne\V'jdd Lhvyn R.l-tydywa:in, 4) Dre-ne>.vydd, 5) Ff\JllilOn)"Nain, 6) Gelli-our, 7) Glanrafon, 8) Greenpark, 9) Henfron, 1 0) Hen-gapel Llwyn Rhydywain, 1 1 ) New Inn, 1 2) Niwgat, 1 3) Stryt Gelli-gron, 14) The

Tannery. Rbydywain-fach -(SN 438-449)[rhyd + pn. Ywain (+ bach)] ; [hri·d.�wen'va:x, J\!L Thomas, hri·d ,nven'va: x E. \Villiams]

Evans,

hri·dowen 'va::x, N.

R.h.yd Owen-fach 1 84 1 TMS, Rhyd-Owen-fiich O S 1 891

Rhydywain-fawr -(SN 43 5-452)[rhyd + pn. Ywain (+ mawr)] ; [hri·d 'IWen E. Williams] Ryt Ywein > 1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Ryde Owen 1 577 in 1 954 E. A.Lewis & J. C.Davies p . 23 3 , Tyr Rhyd Ov.ren vawr 1 672 BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l 03, Rhydowen vawr 1 706 BP...A (1 955) MSS p. l 07, Rhyd Owen 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.l\1. Jones �AS S volA p. 764, R.lJeed Owen 1 760map E.Bowen, Tir R..ltyd Owen 1 790 BR.A ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 1 25 , F_hyd Owen 1 79 1 PR Llandysul, Rhydowen F.m (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd Ov•Jen O S 1 8 3 4, Rhyd-Owen-fawr O S 1 89 1

Riverside -(SN 436-463)[E.

river + side] ;

[riV�r'sajd J\1.

Evans,

nv�r'sejd N.

Thomas]

Thoro..as, f pn.

raife!r�k RJones]

Riverside O S 1 982

Roc(i) -(SN 404-45 l )(CW111.hyar)[E.

rock] �

[r�k E.

Williams,

N.

Rock Mill OS 1 8 9 1

Roc(ii) -(SN 450-422)(Capeldewi)[E. rock]; [r:>k'mrlz S . \Villiams, J . Thomas, pn. da}r:>k J . Thomas] Rock Mills O S 1 904

Est. l 859 [1984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37] ; not to be conH1sed with Melin Graig (SN 42-40, Llanfi.hangcl-ar-arU..., Carms.). Rosehill -(SN 425-453)[E. rose + hill] ; [ ro:s rl N. Thomas, r;ls'hii E. \Villiams] '

Rosehill OS 1 891 Inspired, no doubt, by Rhos-hul (3-a). Saint Ffraid -(SN 406-448)[£. saint + W.f.pn. Ffraid]; St. Ffraid's Ch. (Chapel of Ease) O S 1 8 9 1 , Eghvys 'St

Fraid' 1 95 8

WFM MS 1 506/1 p. 1 5, Eghvys Sant

Ffraed 1 970 K.Davies p .28, St. Ffraed 1 98 1 Garthen n.7, Ch OS 1 982 b. 1 85 8 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu.rner: 214] ; for the cor1secration of this church under the name of Ffraid, Llanfre (14-a). Saint John -(SN 439-470)[E. saint + pn Joh_rl ] ; [eglus,sant'joan, we say sent'd:pn M Evans]

243

see sub

( 14) GWYNIONYDD St. John's Church (Chapel of Ease) OS 1 89 1 , Capel St. John 1 896 \1/.H.Davies p. 1 42, Egh:vys Sant Joh11 1 979 D.W.Bu..11dock p.20, Eglwys St. Jolm 1 970s ATL !l_ c. P.432, Church OS 1 982 b. 1 853-55 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 2 1 4; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 20; 1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 41 ] . Sandyhill -( SN 4 5 1 -424)[E. sandy + }-lil!] ; [br�nsWik ('h;lws) J. Thomas] Sandy Hill OS 1 904 Seion -(SN 41 6-406)[Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Zion Cb.apel (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Llandyssul (Sion) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279, Seion 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol. 42 p. 309, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 87 1 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu.tner: 279] ; denom. I. Soar - (S N 4 1 1 -427)[Bibl.tn. Zoar]; [soar E. \llilliams] Soar 1 823PR Llandysu1, Felin Gorig (Com) OS 1 89 1 "Colej wedi bod 'na. " [inf. E . Williams], the usual meaning o f cole} being a school of some sort i n the early modem period. Str$1 Gellt-gron -(SN 442-459) [str)'t + tn. Gelli-gron] ; Street Gelli�gron OS 1 904, Heol Gelligron OS 1 982 This appears to show the replacement of E. street by W. heol, however it is obvious that this name originally had W. strj;t 'row of houses', and it is situated on the lane leading to �Moelhedog ( 14-a). Sychban.t -( SN 406-428){sych + pant] ; [s 1 945 T.J. Thow.as p. 1 0, Tafarn bach als. Tafarn Bara Cyrch 1 958 WFM M..S 1 506/1 p. 40, PH OS 1 982, 'became lm.own as' Tafan y Bara Ceirch 1 988 Garthen n. 67 i) SN 44-48. prox. Castellhywel rnilkstand [ 1 979 D. \V. Bu.."'ldock: . 3 5] . ii) SN 440-484. b. l 870s [ 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 35 ] . This was an inn were two sisters gave an illegal pint of beer with each loaf of oat-bread, a purch.asiP..g system intended to avoid the licensing laws of the period, i. e. selling oat-bread for the price of a pint of beer [ 1 958 WF1v1 J\..1S 1 506/1 : 40; 1 977 I. Rees: 1 08; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 35; iP..f. M. Evans] . There ·was another Tafarnbara-ceirch (SH 89-71 , Lla..'lfair Talhaearn, Denbs.) whose name most probably has the same origin; cf Gwaunbara-ceirch (32-b). Taliaris -(SN 452-423)[tn. Taliaris (Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.)]; [tali'ans J. Thomas] Taliaris ? 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Taliharris O S 1 904, (c) R.lllw Tali Haris 1 924-26 CS.RLS 62 The original mansion of Taliaris (Llandeilo-fmvr, Carms.), Taleyares [c.l 350(1 933)map W.Rees ], Talliaris [ 1649 BRA (1 955) MSS: 3 8] , Taliams [l 8thcent. Rep\VMSS: 1 .2 .941 ], may be a hybrid English-Vlelsh place-name containing the nearby tn. Talley - an anglicisation of V.I. Tal-llychau (Carms.) - and the English surname Harris. A seventeenth-century document [1649 BRA (1 955) MSS: 38] shows a con..�ection between Rowland G\V)ll111 of Taliaris and David Lloyd ofA lltrodyn (1 4-a) and so it may be that this has something to do with the presence of Taliaris in Llandysul parish. Tam·allt -(SN 43 8-470)[tan + yr + al!t] ; Y Ddol Dan yr i\llt 1 7 1 6 BH..A. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 46, Danrallt fa"vr 1 760CF, Danyrallt 1 768 BRi\. ( 1 955) 1.1SS p.60, Dan yr Alit als. Dol Danyrallt 1 768 BRA ( 1 95 5) 1.1SS p.6 1 , Dan'rallt 1 800PR Llandysul, Danyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tan'r Allt 1 823PR LlandysuL Dan'rallt OS 1 834, Ty Tan yr Allt favfl 1 869 B. Williams p. 1 42, Tynewydd-Danyrallt-fawr 1 9 1 0 ME.Morgan p.20 Part of the messuage of Penra!lt (1 4-a) [ 1 7 1 6 BR-'\ ( 1 955) :t-l!SS: 46] . Tan-y-brinc - (SN 43 9-471)[tan + y + brine] ; Danybrh.�c 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. l 9, Ysgoldy Sant John ? 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 48, C�r-y-llan 081 982 244

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tancapel

�(SN 465-4 1 3) [tan + y + capel];

J. Thomas]

[tan'kapel

Dan y Cape� Dan Capel 1 84 1 TM�, Tan-capel OS 1 89 1

Tancoed

-(SN 440-406)(Do1for)[tan + y + coed];

Dancerrig

[tau'ko:d

S. \Villiams]

1 822PR LlandysuL Dan-y-cerig OS 1 834, Dancerrig 1 822PR LlandysuL Dancoed-bach

1 84 1 TMS, Dancoed, Dancerrig 1 846 M.Richardson MSS p.268, Tan-coed-rach OS 1 89 1 , Tanc.arreg > 1 900 in 1 96 1

Tancoed-bacb

H.R Evans p. l 59

-(SN 4 1 8-445)(Prengvvyn) [tan + y + coed (+ bach)] ;

[taiJk:>d'va:x E.

\Villiams]

Dan y Coed bach 1 796PR Llandysul, Danycoed 008 1 8 1 1 , Dan-y-coed-fach 0 8 1 834, Dancoed 1 84 1 TMS , Tan�y-coed O S 1 891 Tancoed-mawr -(SN 423-41 9) [�11 + y + coed (+ mawr)] ; [tagkod'mowr J. Tan y Coed 1 783 11 Richardson M:S S p.26 1 , M.Richardson l\AS S p. 262, Danycoed

rnav.'f

Tan y Coed

Thomas] 1 803rnap J. Singer, Danycoed 1 804

1 8 1 5PR Llandysul, Tancoed mawr 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL

Dancoed 1 84 1 TMS, Dancoed 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Tainycoed ? 1 875sur. landowners p. 5, Dan-coed-ma'vvr OS 1 89 1 , Tancoed-y-mynach ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7, (c) Cware Dan-y-coed (prox. ) 1 944 T.J. Thornas p. 52

Tandderi -(SN 455-428)[tan + y + deri] ; [tan'�eri J.

Thomas]

Tandderi OS 1 904 b. 1 891-1 904 [081 89 1 ; 081 904]. Tanerdy -(SN 407-446)[tanerdy] ; [tm'ardi, tan'ardi E.

Williams]

Tannerdy 1 84 1 TMS, Tanerdy 1 84 1 cens . , PO O S 1 982

Ta..•dTordd

-(SN 43 8-469)[tan + y + ffordd];

Tanyfforo 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Tanfforo 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Tan-ffordd OS 1 89 1

Tanffynnon

-(SN

446-454)[tan + y + ffynnon] ;

Tan-y-ffynnon O S 1 904, DanflYnon ? 1 96 1

H.REvar1s p. 1 63 , Blaenwaun 1 979 D.W. Bu.11dock p . 9,

Tanffyno n n OS 1 982

Tanfron -(SN 453-43 1 ) [tan + y + bron] ; [tan'vr�n J.

Thomas]

Tan-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tanyfron O S 1 982

Tangoulan

-(SN 458-467) [tan + y + ceulan] ;

Dan-goilan OS 1 891

Ta.."lgraig -(SN 435-463){tan + y + craig] ; [tan'grajg �..1.

Evans]

Dan-y-graig 1 783 M.Richardson MSS p . 26 1 , Tynygraig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tangraig (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 269, Tan-y-graig OS 1 904, Tangraig 1 979 D. W.Bundock p. 1 9, Tanycraig OS 1 982

The Tannery -(SN 442-457)[E.

the + tannery] ;

The Tannery OS 1 982

Tan rhiw(i) -(SN 449-4 1 8)(Capeldewi)[tan + y + rhiw] ; [tan'hrrw J. Thomas] Tan-rhiw O S 1 89 1

Tanrhiw(ii)

-(SN 439-478)(Ponts:ian){tan + y + rhiw] ;

Tan.-rhiw O S 1 89 1 Tegfryn -(SN 442-490){teg + bryn] ; Tegfryn OS 1 98 2

Tirdre -(SN 4 1 8-406)[tir + y + tref]; Tj'fydre 1 700 Cilgwyn I MSS,

'mess. ' Gilvach ¥/en ycha als. Tyr y Dre 1 723 Cilgv.'Yn

als. The To'Wn Land 1 73 6 Cilgvv)TI

I �ASS, Tyr y Dree I MS S, Tyrydre 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) l\1S S p. l l 2, Tir y Dre als.

Gilvachwen (sic) 1 748/49 CilgW';n

I MSS, Tyr y Dre als. Tyr Park Llandussil 1 785 MRicb.ardson M�S I MS 37, T)'fdre 1 84 1 cens . , Tir y Dref 1 84 1 Th1S, Ty'r Dre 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 60, Tyrdref OS 1 : 5,000 map A clergyman lived here [ 1 84lcens.] ; formerly part of Gilfachwen (1 4-a) [ 1 838 Cilgwyn I M8 37] ; cf. Tyr-dref [ 1 832 in 1773sur map], W of Nev.rcastle EtrJyn (Ca.'lsll .). Tomen Rhydywain -(SN 442-444)[tomen + tn. F�hydyv-.rain ( 1 4-a )] ; [briJJ'kletur, formerly d�men N. Thomas] p. 457, Ty-r-dre 1 834PR Tir y Dre 1 83 8PR Tyr y Dre als. Gilfachwen ganol 1 83 8 Cilg\\'Yn

Torrunen Rhydov1en 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) M�S p. 67, Domen R.IJ.ydowen 1 824 D. Davis p.206, Tornen R..IJ.ydowen 1 826PR Llandysul, Tornen-R..lJ.yd-Owen O S 1 834, Ton1men R.l-tyd Owen, DoiP..men Rhydower 1 84 1 TI.1S, Tomen-Rhyd-Owen OS 1 89 1 , Tomen-Rhyd-Owen OS 1 904, Brynclettwr 0Sc. 1 950 Cf

Tomen Rhydywain (14-b). Trefin -(SN 404-420)[tn. Trefm (Pembs.)] ; Trefin OS 1 982

245

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD TREGROES -(SN 407-446)[tref + yr + croes] ; [tre:'gro:s

J. Dafis, 0. Rees]

Trer Groes ar Gerdin 1 564rent, Tre Grose 1 760map E.Bowen, Tregroes 1 794PR Llandysul, Tregroes l Singer,

1 803map

Tregroes

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Tre-groes

OS 1 834,

Tregroes

Shop

1 84 1 TMS,

Dregros

1 84 1 cens. , Tre-groes O S 1 89 1 , Tre Gros (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p . 249, i Dregros, Tregros > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 84, Pentre Croes ? >1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 96 Comprising:

Trewinsor

1) Arhosfa, 2) Efail, 3) Melin Tregroes, 4) Saint Ffraid, 5) Tanerdy, 6) Ysgol Tregroes.

-(SN 409-420) [tn. Trewinsor (3-a)] ; [tre'wmsor E. Williams]

Trewinsor

1 8 1 1PR LlandysuL Trewindsor 1 83 6PR LlandysuL Tre Winsor, Drewinsor 1 84 1 TMS,

Trewyn-sior OS 1 89 1 , Tre-win-shor OS 1 904, Trewindsor O S 1 982 It is the balance of probabilities that seems to ascribe this name to emulation of Trewinsor in Llangoedmor

- though there is no proof, direct or indirect, of a connection.

Troedrhiw(i)

-(SN 3 88-46 l )( Cwmhyar)[troed + y + rhiw] ;

[tr;,d'riW E.

Williams, N. Thomas]

Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiw Cwm-hyar O S 1 982

Troedrhiw(ii)

-(SN 3 77-483 )(Ffostrasol)[troed + y + rhiw] ;

[trod' hriW I.

A. Griffiths]

Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 8 9 1 Destroyed when road was widened

Troedrhiw(iii)

[ 1 978 M. Jones: 23 ] .

-(SN 404-427)(Gorrig)[troed + y + rhiw]; [ s wig u ? E. Williams]

Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Swigw 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6

Troedrhiw(iv)

-(SN 420-4 1 5) (Faerdre) [troed + y + rhiw] ;

[tr;,d'hriW J .

Thomas]

Troedrhiw ? 1 8 1 9PR LlandysuL Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1

Troedrhiwfelen

- (SN 455-404)[troed + y + rhiw + melen];

[tr;,d'hriW J .

Thomas]

Troed-rhiw-felen + Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw O S 1 904

Troedrhiwffenyd

-(SN 409-425)[troed + rhiw + ? ];

[tr;,jdnw'femd, tru'femd E.

Williams]

Rhiw Ffenyd 1 5 64rent, Rhiw Ffenitt 1 6 5 1 rent, Troedrhiwffenyd, Troedrhwffenyd 1 72 5 Aberglasney MS I l l , TroedrhiwffYnyd 1 73 8 Croydon MS S, Troedrhiwfenid 1 760CF, Troedrhiwffenid 1 782 Aberglasney MS 1 1 7, Troedyrhiwfenyd 1 78 6 Aberglasney MS 1 3 0, Troed Rhiw Ffenyd 1 803map J. S inger, Troedrhyw Fennid 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 200, Troedyrhiwffynyth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-rhiw-ffYned O S 1 834, Troed Rhiw Ffenydd, Troed Rhiwffenyd 1 84 1 TMS , Troed-rhiw-fynydd (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-ffenyd OS 1 904

I jjitnyd 'manner, form\ though the burden of its [e] in the penultimate syllable could be a later dialectal development, cf merddyn � murddyn, pns. Elltud � Ulltud, Cerig � Curig etc. The stem inffynidwydd 'fir', a word attested as early as the thirteenth century [GPC s.v. ffYnidwydd] , is unlikely to be a suitable candidate, firstly, as there is no other attestation of it uncompounded, without the suffiX -wydd 'tree', secondly because the only attestations ofjjjmidwydd are in ancient Welsh poetry originating from northern England and southern Scotland, where frr was relatively common ( 1 982b w. Linnard: 8-9]. Troedrhiwgoch -(SN 447-422)[troed + y + rhiw + coch] ; [tr;,jdriW'go:z S. Williams, tr;,jdru'go:z, (c) hriW'go:x J. Thomas) inf Troedrhiwhatau -(SN 429-420)[troed + rhiw (+ yr + hatiau)] ; This place-name probably contains the term jjitnud meaning

in

Troedrhiw

this place-name is unclear. The

Rhattau

1 8 1 8PR

LlandysuL

Troed-y-rhiw

O S 1 89 1 ,

W. J.Davies p.238, Troedrhiw Mattau 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Troedrhiwhate c. 1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /7 I believe that hatau 'hats' refers to hatmakers residing here, Troedrhiw-newydd -(SN 4 1 8-4 1 3 ) [troed + y + rhiw + newydd] ;

cf

(c)

Troedrhywrhatte

(dialect)

1 896

Rhiw-hatau 1 924-26 CSRLS 62,

Penrhiwpinnau (14-a).

Troed-rhiw-newydd OS 1 89 1 The term

rhiw-newydd

may well be a reference to the new descent, seemingly contro lied by a turnpike­

trust, engineered to avoid the o lder descent to Llandysul via Llynjran

Ty'rardd

-(SN 447-444)[ty

+ yr + gardd] ; [ti'rar5

(14-a).

J. Thomas]

Garden Cottage OS 1 982

Ty-bad

-( SN 41 8 -407)[ty + yr + bad] ; Tir y Kai ?? 1 573 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 79, Ty'r Bad 1 868 B.Williams p. 268, Tyrbach ? 1 932 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p. 96, Ty'rbad 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 52, Ty-bad Gardens OS 1 : 5,000 map

Ty-cwm -(SN 473-444)[tY + yr + cwm]; Ty-cwm O S 1 8 9 1

246

( 14) GWYNIONYDD Ty-dderwen -(SN 456-409) [ty + yr + derwen] ; [ti'6erwen

J. Thomas]

Ty-dderwen OS 1 89 1

Tydu

- (SN 447-4 1 7) [ty + du] ; Y Tu Du 1 6 8 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 03 , Ty Dee 1 70 6 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 1 07, Twy Dy 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. l l 1 , Ty Du 1 747 BRA ( 1 95 5) MS S p. 1 1 3 , Tu Du 1 758rent, Ty Du 1 803 map J. Singer, Tyddu 008 1 8 1 1 , Tydy 1 826 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 34, Ty-du OS 1 834, Tydu 1 83 4PR Llandysul, Llwybr Tydi, Tydi

(? Ty-du)

(c)

1 924-26 CSRL8 62

The uncertainty of the meaning was noted by the then headmaster of Ysgol

Capeldewi (14-a): "I think this [1 924-26 CSRLS 62] . The existence of similar compounding of ry + du may be attested in Cwmtydu (1 8-a) and Cwmtydu (OS map form) (SO 02-36, Merthyrcynog, Brees.), though the pronunciation kmn't;}di [inf I. Williams, Carrog-isa] for Cwmtydi (SJ 1 5-44, Llandysilio, Denbs.), seems to argue against du being the second element. Compounding of names with ry as the first element is rare enough - e.g. ? Tyglyn (43/44-a), Glanrhyd Tynoeth (71-a) - for the appearance of

should be Ty-du as it leads to an old ruined cottage. "

three such places to raise doubts, without further accounting for the lack of a complementary number of

*Cwmtygwyn or *Cwmtycoch. Ty-nant - (SN 45 1 -42 1 )[tyddyn + y + nant] ; [ti'nant J.

Thomas]

Ty-nant OS 1 89 1

Ty-newydd(i)

-(SN 4 1 9-454)(Maesmeillion)[ty + newydd];

[tegvan E.

Williams]

Ty-newydd 08 1 89 1 , Tegfan O S 1 982

Ty-newydd(ii)

-(SN 454-4 1 8)(Rhydceir)[ty + newydd];

[ brm'dewi + brm'hed.16 J.

Thomas]

Ty-newydd O S 1 891 , Bryndewi (sign) b. 1 876 [sign] . Ty-newydd-bach -(SN 3 84-446)[ty + newydd] ; [ti: ,newi'ba:z E.

Williams]

Ty-newydd-ooch O S 1 89 1

Ty-newydd Cros-lan

-(SN 3 8 5 -446)[ty + newydd + tn. Cros-lan

(1 3-a)]; [ti'neWIO N . Thomas, ti: ,new16,kr;,s'lan

E. Williams] Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1

Ty-newydd Gorrig -(SN 409-428)[ty + newydd + tn.

Gorrig

(14-a)] ; [ti:,newi()'Q :lriQ E. Williams]

Ty-newydd O S 1 89 1 , Ty newy (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 249

Ty-rhos

-(8N 409-483)[cy + yr + rhos] ; Ty-rhos 08 1 891

Tysul Castle -(SN 4 1 4-403) [tn. [Llan]dysul (14-a) + E.

castle] ;

Dyssil Castle 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Dissil Castle 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Tyssil Castle, Dyssil Castle 1 84 1 TMS , Tyssul Castle 1 879 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.2, Tyssil Castle 08 1 89 1 , Tyssul Castle OS 1 904 A shopkeeper lived here

Vestry -(SN 44 1 -4 5 8)[E.

[ 1 81 9PR Llandysul ] .

vestry] ;

Vestry OS 1 982

Waun -(SN 464-460)[y + gwaun] ; Ffynnon-Tafolog O S 1 834, Waun 1 84 1 TMS, Waun OS 1 891

Windsor Hall -(SN 4 1 1 -424) [E .pn

Windsor + hall] ;

[wms;}r'ho:l

E . Williams]

Windsor Hall O S 1 904

Winllan

-(SN 4 1 8-406)[y + gwinllan] ;

Winllan O S 1 89 1 , Winllan 1 924-26 CSRLS 36

[tJartJ'ho:l (i), ;}Sk �l (ii) J. Thomas] (i), Hall (ii) O S 1 9 82 i) SN 45 1 -424. An old school. A split at one time in this school led to the establishment of ask:ll 'Jed opp. Pantraethnen (14-a) [inf J. Thomas] . ii) SN 452-432. Ysgol-cownti Llandysui -(SN 422-407)[ysgol-cownti + tn. Llandysul (14-a)];

Ysgol Capeldewi -(SN (ii)452-432)[ysgol + tn.

Capeldewi (14-a)J ;

School O S 1 89 1 , Capel Dewi C.P. 1 967 WLS, School

County Intermediate School O S 1 904, Ysgol Ramadeg Llandysul 1 98 1 Garthen n. l , School O S 1 982, Ysgol y Sir, The County School 1 990 Lampeter Photographs p. 1 6 Op.24/09/1 895 [ 1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 1 6] ; op. 1 897 [ 1981 Garthen: 1 ]. Ysgol-isa Llandysul -(SN 4 1 8-406)[ysgol + isaf + tn Llandysul (1 4-a)] ;

247

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD National School, Llandyssul 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 5 1 , a'r Ysgol Genedlaethol 1 879 L'l 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 30, Sch OS 1 904, Llandysul N.P. 1 945 WLS, Ysgol-isaf 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 56 Est. 1 85 1 [ 1 961 H. R. Ev�11s: 1 56]. Ysg91 P9ntsian -(SN 439-46 1 ) [ysgol + tn. Pontsian (14-a)]; Pontsian C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Ysgoldy Pontsian 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 26, Ysgoldy 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 1 9, Sch OS 1 982 0p. l 883 [1 979 D. W. Bmdock: 48] . Ysg9! Tregroes -(SN 407-448)[ysgol + trt Tregroes (14-a)] ; Tregroes C.P. 1 967 Wl� S, Ysgol Tre-groes 1 970 K.Davies p. 28, Sch OS 1 982 Ysgol-ucba L!andysul -(SN (ii)414-406)[ysgol + uchaf + tn. L!andysul (1 4-a)]; Ysgolion y Bvvrdd Llandysul a . . . 1 879 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p.30, Ysgoldy uchaf (i) 1 961 H.REvans pp. 1 54-55, Llandysul C. 1 945 WLS, Llandysul C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol ucha' 1 976 CER vol.8 p.47, School OS 1 982 i) SN 4 1 6-407. old. loc. Was a British school and became a Board school i11 1 877 [ 1 961 H. R. Eva..11s: 1 54-55] . ii) SN 4 1 4-406. Ysgubor -(SN 441 �485)[ysgubor] ; Ysgubor OS 1 89 1 , Sgubor (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.248 In ruins [OS 1 904]. Ysgub9resgair -(SN 440-477)[ysgubor + tn. Esgair (14-a)]; [skih:>r'esker N. Thomas] Trefelyn 1 803map J. Singer, Ysgubor-Esgair OS 1 89 1 , Sgubor Esger 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 1 9 Ystafell -(SN 41 6-426)[ystafell]; Ystafell OS 1 891 , Stafell OS 1 982 Here was the abbot's residence i..11. Faerdre grange [ 1 961 H. R. Evans: 1 5 1 ] .

hodonyms High Street -(SN 4 1 7-406)[E. r�gh + street] ; [wajnd'stri:t H. & D. Lewis] High Street l841cens. , High Stryt ('Velsh text) 1 896 \V.J.Davies p. 1 52, High St, King St, Li..11coln Str, \Vind St (names in descending order) O S 1 982 Lonleti -(SN 418-408)[lon + f.pn. Leti] ; Lon Letty 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Lon Leti 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 55, Lon Letty OS1 982 Lon Porth -(SN 41 8-407)[lon + tn. Porth (14-a)] ; Lon Char.ning OS 1 : 5,000 rr1ap Siop Channing was at its bottom (inf H. & D. Le\vis] . Lonwesle -(SN 4 1 7-406)[lon + n . Wesle] [wesle'hrl, hrrw'wesle J Thomas] Lon Wesley OS 1 : 5,000 map Penuel, the \Vesleyan cJ:t.apel \vas situated here. geonyms All.t Bron-y-defaid -(SN 396-433 )[allt + tn. Bron-y-defaid] ; Allt Fron-y-defaid OS 1 891 Allt Chware!-bach -(SN 45 1 -445)[allt + tn Chwarel-bach] ; Allt Chwarel-bach OS 1 904 Alit Coed-y-parc -(SN 462-404)[allt + tn Coed-y-parc] ; Bargoedyparke 1 758rent, Coed y Park 1 803map J. Singer, Alit Coed-y-parc OS 1 891 '"t\lltddu -(SN 399-426)[allt + du] ; Alit Ddu 08 1 89 1 Allt-fawr -(SN 399-428)[allt + ma\vr] ; A!lt fav.;r OS 1 891 Allt Fronfe!en -(SN 408-438)[allt + tn. Fronfelen] ; Allt Fron-felen OS 1 904 .A..l. lt-y-!oj -(SN 446-448)[allt + y + loj] ; A.llt y Lodge O S 1 904 248

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Refers to �7\forth Lodge (14-a). Ant Penrhiwrhew -(SN 397-43 1 )[allt + pen + rhiw + yr + rhew] ; Troedyrhiw fach y Rhew ? 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3, Alit Pen-rhiw-rhew OS 1 89 1

Banc-yr-bwch -(SN 446-404)[banc + y r + hwch} ; [ bagka hru:x J . Thomas] inf Bontgroca -(SN 409-440)[y + pont + croca] ; '

Bontgrocca 1 836PR Llanwenog, Pont y Croca OS 1 89 1

Bwl Cilgraig -(SN 454-428)[bvll + tn.

Cilgraig ( 1 4-a)] ;

[bu:l,kil'grajg

J. Thomas]

Bwl Cilgraig 1 924-26 CSRLS 62, Bwl Cil-y=graig, i'r Bwl 1 944 T. J. Thomas p. l 8, T. J. Thorrl3.s [ 1 944: 60] compares

b1-Vl to bwlyn dror :

Allt Cilgraig OS 1 982

"Ar y tir yr oedd hen fryncyn creigiog, heb ddim yn

tyfu amo ond eithin a drai.11 a mieri. A.m. fod y bryncyn o ffurf gron, gelwid ef Bwl Cil-y-graig. " [ 1 944

Thomas:

1 8] ; cf.

BlH (1 4-a).

There are supposed to :P..ave been fortifications on

BlH Cilgraig:

T. J.

"Buasai yno

gastell gynt, ac yr oedd ohon ei furiau i'w gweled yno yn nyddiau J\1organ Jones [i. e. c. 1 844] . " [ 1 944

T. J.

Thomas: 1 8] . Tr.is is the castle or mound of Cilgraig mentioned by nineteenth-century antiquaries [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 146; 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 . 1 77] . S. R. l\1eyrick [ 1 808: 146] identified this vvith Castell Abereinon an alias of Domenlas (78-b).

Castel!

-(SN 440-476)[castell] ; Castell O S 1 834, Castell (site of) OS 1 8 9 1 , Castell Hywel, Motte O S 1 982, Tomen Castell \Vmffre

I Hyv1el

1 99 1 A.ab Alun p.25 See Castellh}'lvel ( 14-a). Castel! Gwynionydd - (SN 423-420)(castell + tn. Castell >1 667 Iti.fl. R Vaughan p. 848,

G\v)lllionydd (e)] ; Castell C-n.vynionydd, 'now called' Castell Coedd Von 1 808

S . RJ\1eyrick p. 1 46, Castell Coed-von 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. 1 77, Castell Gwynionydd (remains of) OS 1 904 i\.. chapel of ease " supposed to have been"

in a field above Tancoed-mawr ( 1 4-a) [ 1 %1 R R. Eva..'ls: 1 5 1 ] ; Gwenjre1-vi als. Winifred [ 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 2 1 4; 1 95 1

"thought t o have stood near Coedfoel", ded. 04101/5 1 ] ; " St.

Winifred ( a doubtful dedication t o Gwe11.frew� stood ne-ar Castell Gwynionydd a..11d Y & J. R Jenkins [ 1 967 CER: 5. 428 ] question whether this was the ancient church of the area before the establishment of Llandysu! ( 1 4-a). Concrete proof of a religious settlement here seems afforded by: " . . . a menhir [at SN 423-420] and probable altar still stands in a nearby WGaz.

Faerdref . . . " [ 1 967 CER: 5.426] . I. T. Hughes

field . . . " [ 1 967 c&�: 5.426] . "The Lady Chapel [of Llandysul church] houses what must be regarded as one of the most important historical relics in all Wales. It is an exceptionally anc.ient stone with incised Christian w..arkings found many, many years ago on the slope below Coedfoel ", this was removed to the churchyard as an upright monument, but then be�ame an altar stone of the Lady Chapel, consecrated 1 93 9 [ 1 967

CER:

5.428

in

(see photofac. p.428)] ; a roughly squared slab, dated to the ninth-tenth centuries, which

was brought to the churchyard, and then incorporated into a side altar in Llandysul church [1 994 w. G\v.

Thomas: 415]. Cerryg-gwynion -(SN 457- 5 06)[ cerrig

+ g'A')'nion] ;

Cerig Gwynion OS 1 89 1 , Cerrig C""W)rnion OS 1 982

Cerryghyllod -(SN 445-4 1 9)[cerrig + ellyllod ?] ;

[kerig 'hd�d S . \Villiams]

Cerig Hyllod OS 1 904, Y Cerrig Hylldod 1 924

\lfGaz. 1 0/04/24

A comment referri.11g to W.J. Davies' book on Llandysul parish [ 1 896 : 9] a cow.mentator added: "Yn ei

bennod ar Gerrig Hyllod, neu hylldod PePJon - hyll 'ugly' yvv yr ystyr a roddir. Llawer (many) yvv yr ystyr,

wrth gwrs, fel y gwyr Cymry Aberystwyth )'ll dda. Nid ydym yn meddwl fod unnmn yn nyf:fryn Clett\:vr na dyffiyn Teifi chwaith lle mae cymaint o gerrig rhydd ac a geir yn ardal y Cerrig Hylldod. Nid ydym wedi clywed y gair yn cael ei arfer am 'lawer' islaw Abe:r;st\.vyth. 'Carfan' yw y gair arferir yn ardal Tregaron a Llanddewibrefi . . . " [ 1 924

WGaz .

1 0/04/24] . It seems likelier to me trl3.t

'goblins, elves, fairies, sprites'; cf 228} ; cf. Rhydychen

Coed Bron-y-felin

Nan ylles (33-a, d)� t

cf.

hyllod is a development of ellyllod Rhyd-yr-ellyll (Trefdraeth, Angl.) [ 1 963 M. Richards:

(1 4-a).

-(SN 439-4 8 1 ) [ coed + tn. Bron-y-felin] ;

Coed Fron-y-felin OS 1 904

Cwmcou

-(SN 453 -483) [cwm + cau] ;

Cwm-coe OS 1 8 34, Cwm Coi

(dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p.23 5, BJanc\vmcoi (dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies

p. 269, Cwm Coy 08 1 89 1 , Cwm Cou 081 904

249

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Cwmllin -(SN 3 9 5-45 1 ) [cwm + y + llin] ; (c) Park Cwm Llin (prox.) 1 794 in 1 793 sur map Cwmtrybeddau -(SN 45 1 -484)[cwm + trybeddau] ; Cwm-tri-beddau O S 1 834, Cwm Tri-beddau O S 1 89 1 , Cwm Tri Bedde (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 23 5 "Ma nhw'n gweud fod tri chorff yn gorwe'n y Cwm, a bod i bedde nhw i weld yn awr, ta beth am yny, 'no rwbeth tebyg i fedd"

Cwmwilcyn

rna

[ 1896 W. I. Davies: 235 ] .

-(SN 393-440)[ cwm + pn. Wilcyn] ;

a Phant Wilkin 1 564rent, Alit Cwm Wilkin (prox. ), Park Cwm Wilkin issa + ycha (prox.) 1 794 in 1 793sur

(c) Cae-Cwm-Wilking 1 924-26 CSRLS 36 Caerwilcyn (Llansawel, Carms. ), reputed to have been named after a giant called Chwilcin als. Wilcin [c. 1 600 s. D. Rhys: 132] ; Samwilcyn (Flints.) was modified to Sarnhwlcyn by the O S mapmakers [ 1964b M. Richards: 405] ; Pwllwilcyn (SO 20-47, Clyro, Rads.). Dinascerdin -(SN 3 85-469) [dinas + hn. Cerdin] ; Dinas Cerdin OS 1 89 1 , (c) Alit y Dinas (prox. ) OS 1 89 1 Cf Dinascerdin (14-a), Domenlas (78-b). Dyffryncerdin -(SN 405-445)[dyffryn + hn Cerdin]� map, Wilkin 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 4, Cwmilcin,

Cf

Dyffryn Cerdin OS 1 904

Ffynnonffeirad

-(SN 43 0-429)[ffynnon + yr + offeiriad];

Aber y Ffynnaun (prox. ) >1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Ffynnon-ffeirad 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6,

(c)

Cae

Ffynnon Ffeirad c. 1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /9 The valley that joins

Blaencwm to Faerdre-fawr (14-a) ( 1 896 W. J. Davies: 237] .

-(SN 450-469)[:ffyno n n + pn. Ffylip] ; Ffynnon Phillip OS 1 904, Ffynnon Philip (spring) OS 1 982

Ffynnonffylip

Gaer(i) -(SN 3 99-460)(Cwmhyar)[y + caer] ; 'Gaer O S 1 834, Gaer O S 1 89 1 , Caer 0Sc. l 950, settlement OS 1 982 Gaer(ii) -(SN 4 1 8-457)(Maesmeillion)[y + caert 'ymdhifyniaid' Gaergefel c. 1 600 in 1 80 8 S.R.Meyrick p. 1 44, Gaer OS 1 834

As the name Caergefail occurs in a manuscript containing a romanticised and fabricated history, one may suspect it to have been inspired by Castellcefail near Hen-Goedmor (3-a)� . . . nothing is now visible. " [ 1 994 I. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 248] . "

Gam

- (SN 454-490) [y + earn] ; Cam OS 1 83 4, Cairn O S 1 89 1 , Cam Glandwr 1 93 7 CAST vol. 1 2 p. 32, Cam Glandwr 1 93 9 D.R

Z. S .Davies p.22, Y Garn 0Sc. 1 95 0 Gamwen -(SN 459-500)(y + earn + gwen] ; [garn'wen E .

&

Evans]

Cam-wen O S 1 834, Garn Wen OS 1 89 1 , Gam-wen (site of) OS 1 904 Cf

Lonput

Rhosymryson (1 5-b).

-(SN 407-4 1 7 to SN 4 1 9-460)(lon + ? ] ; Lon Pit 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Lon Spit ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7, Lon Pit > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 47

Pitt, the Prime Minister [> 1 945 T J Thomas: 47] ; cf Penput pem'p1t als. Pitt's Head (SH 57-51 , Rhyd-ddu, Caerns.), because of a fancied resemblance to the rock to the profile of the Prime Minister William Pitt according to reminiscences of Professor Thomas Parry ( 1 9% retransmission of Cyn Cefn Gwlad, S4C). Moelymor -(SN 4 1 3 -468)[moel + ambor ? ] ; [pen,m�l';Jm�r E. Williams] Derived from the sn.

Penmoelymawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Moel Ymmoer OS 1 834, Moel Lumon 1 868 B. Williams p.239, Pen-mol-ym-or (Moel-lem-oer als. Moel-y-mor) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 6, Moel-y-mor OS 1 89 1 ,

i Ben Moelymor > 1 945

T. J. Thomas p. 9, MoelYm.or als. Moel-lem-oer > 1 94 5 T. J. Thomas p.46 The element *ymor is probably a reduction of ambor --;. *ymbor --;. ym 'or; cf the mountain-name Maenamor (Penmaen-mawr, Caerns.) [1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 82� 1928 W. J. Gruffydd: 247]; Moel-lem-oer fel y sbelia Rhys Jones yr enw yn ei gan i'r bugeiliaid yn gynnar yn y ganrif [ 1 945 T. I. Thomas: 46]; awgrym taw gwynt y mor oedd i gyfrif am yr enw; cf Banc-y-mor (62-a). Pencoedfoei -(SN 424-427)[pen + coed + y + moel] ; Cayrhuvid ? >1 265( 1 3 3 2) cart. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63 , Coedybhoe1 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 92, Pencoedyfoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencoed-foel O S 1 834, Pen Coed-foel (Intrenchment) O S 1 89 1 , Pencoedfol (dialect) 1 896

250

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD \V. J.Davies p. 263, o Ben Codf61 (dialect) 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 3 80, Cnwc Coedfoel 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 3 79, Pencoed-y-Foel, Coed-y-foel OSe-. 1 9 5 0, Coe.d-foel OS 1 982 D . C . Evans [ 1 931

CAST: 9.24]

who identified

Pencoedjoel with Cayrhuvid, thought Cayrhuvid was named Coedfoel (14-a); Pant-y-crouddyn (14-

after and H;faidd ab Bledri the late ninth-century ruler of Dyfed; cf

a). Penmoelhedog -(SN 4 5 1 �469)[pen + moel + ehedog] ; Caer Hedoc Ga vv'f c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. 1 3 0, Pen �1oelhedog

1 793PR LlandysuL P enmoelhebog OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pen Moel Hedog O S 1 834, Pen Moel-hedog O S 1 89 1 , ar Ben Aelhedog 1 89 8 Gweithiau Cluisttnas Evans vol. l

xiii

See Moelhedog (14-a). Pistylldylluan -(SN 422-4 1 8) [pistyll + y + tylluan] ; [pistd,di'Uan J. Thomas] Pistyll Dylluan O S 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-dallhuan 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6 TPis i s a spout running onto the roadside from the Pill above [ inf J. Thomas] . Whilst the name makes perfect sense, it is feasible that di'!ian is a popular rea..11alysis of the f pn. Gwen!lran. Pont C-orrig -(SN 4 1 3-43 l ) [pont + tn. Gorrig (14·a)] ; Pontnewydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pontcerdyn 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 64, ar Bont Cerdin 1 970 KDavies p.32, Pont y Gorrig OS 1 98 2

Pont L!and ysu l -(SN 4 1 4-403) [pont + tn.

Llandysul (14-a)] ;

Llandissil Bridge c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 75, Pont Llandysil 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Llandysul 1 990

Lampeter Photographs p. 1 4 Pont Llanfihangei -(SN 456-402)[pont + tn. Llanfilmngel[-ar-art.h] (Ca.rms.)] ; Pont Llanylt.ange!l 'in Llandysul' 1 544 NLW MS 291 2 p . 6, i Bont Llan-rnLltangel-yeroth 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. l 32, LlanfLltangel Bridge 1 826 Glansevin 11SS, Pont Llanfihangel OS 1 982 Pontllwni -(SN 472-4 1 2)[pont + tn. [Llan]lhvri (Ca..rms.)] ; [p�nt'luni E. M. Hughes] Pont Llwni OS 1 982 Cf Pontllwni (14-a). Tomen Rhydywain -(SN 443-447)[tomen + tn. F�ltydywain (14-a)] ; (c) Gallt Tommen + Tmr.mon als. Castell 'pt. of Tomen R'"ltydyv:ain' 1 806 BR.l\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 75, Tommen Rhyd Owen 1 808 S . R:t-Aeyrick p. l47, Castell Owen O S 1 834, Tomen Rhyd-Owen (Tumulus)

Castell Domen 1 924-26 Tomen Rhydywain (1 4-a).

OS 1 89 1 , Cf

CSRLS 62

25 1

(1 5) GWYNIONYDD LLANWENOG Aber -(SN 478-482)[aber] ; [rabar, pentre'rabar E. Evans] Aberdauddwr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aberdauddwr 1 8 1 3PR Llanwnnen, Raber 1 824PR Llamvnner., Aber 1 826PR Llanwenog, Aber OS1 834, Raber, Raber cot. 1 843TMS, Aber 0S l 89 1 , Pentre'r Aber 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 77, Aber + R'Aber 0S l 982 Abemantllan -(SN 500-453)[aber + hn. Nantllan] ; [aber'nant M. Davies, ab�r'nant J. Thow.as] Tyr Abernantyllan 1 654 Lucas MS 3,3 1 1 , Abernant Llan 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 , Abernantyllan 1 767rent p.23 8, Abemantllan 1 822PR Llanwenog, Abernantllan 1 843T!\1S, Aber-f'.ant-llan OS 1 89 1 Abertegan -(SN 489�439)[aber + hn. Tegan] ; [aber'tegan E. Evans, E. M . Hughes] Abartegan 1 722 CIWSt-David MSS vol. l l p. 1 3 l, Abertegan 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS, Abertygan 00S l 8 1 1 , Abertegan 1 8 1 7PR L1anwenog, Aber-tegan OS1 834, Aber-tegan OS1 891 R J. Thomas's identification [ 1938: 89] of hn. Tegan with the stream that enters the river Teifi at Crughwil (1 5-a) and originates from B ryn teg (1 5-a) is probably incorrect, for there is a rather insignificant tributary to the river Cledlyn tr.at is more directly connected with Abertegan. One must note that Abertegan is not near any confluence, but is rather at the head of these streams, and in all probability refers to another part of its land other than the present site of its buildings (perhaps due to a.11 undocu.'!lented site removal). R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 89] notes a number of occurrences of the element tegan: "Yn ol pob tebyg, enghrai:fft o enw anwes ydyw enw'r nant hon, gw. SERC!LAJ'.J uchod, oherv;ydd digv;ydd Tegan fel enw person yn Jevan, ap Walt. , Cart. S. J. Bapt. de Carmarthen, 48, ac yn yr enwau lleoedd Bryn Tegan ger Colfa (�v1aesd.); Lletty Tegan c. 1 830, O. S.l\1., i'r deau o Lanllawddog (Caerf ); t Tref Tecan, Lib. Land. 257, rhywle yng nghyffiniau Caerdydd. Mewn Hen Wyddeleg ceir Tecim fel enw person. Ystyr gysefin yr enw tegan �f\v 'tlws' (+- ansoddair teg 'prydferth, clir; claear'). F�lioddir Yr Avon Deg c. l 700 (Dinb.) yn rhedeg i afon Borffordd, Pulford Brook (O. S.�1. ); a Nant Tee 1 53 1 , B.�1. Pt. iii, 589, nant fechan yn rhedeg i Nedd ym mrJwyf Ystradfellte (Brych. ). Bernir rrmi sant o'r enw Tegan a roes ei enw i Landican (Sir Gaerlleon). " I can only add that the instances of tegan in Cardiganshire toponymy are all connected to water, see F.fynondegan (22-b), Pistylltegan (67-a), �Td E. Evans] Brynhafod 1 837PR Llanwenog, Capel Bryn-hafod (Par. Bapt.) OS 1 891 , Capel Brynhafod 1 983 Clone n. l 7 b. l 861 [ 1 939 D . R. & Z. S . Davies: 45] ; denont B. Brynhawc -(SN 477-4 1 8)[bryn + pn. Da[fydd] Hawc] ; [brm' hawk Penpompren, brm'hawk E. 1-1. Hughes, D. & R Davies] Tir Bryn Da Hawck 1 7 1 7/1 8 }-._berglasney MS 1 26, Tyr Bryndaliaioke 1 750 }·..berglasney 1\1S 1 1 5 , BryndahaYvk 1 789 Aberglasney MS 1 1 8, Bri.ndehawk 1 760CF, Bryndahawc OOS1 8 1 1 , Bryndahawk 1 81 7PR Llanwenog, Bryn-da-hav·lg OS 1 834, Brynhawk, Bryn-hawg 1 843TMS, Bryn-da-hawg OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-da-hawc OS 1 904, Bryn-dy-hawk 1 924-26 CSRLS 45, Bryndahawc 0Sc. l 950, Brynhawc OS 1 982 The qualifier \Vas originally Da Hav>'c, fo r Dqfydd HaH.IC, Hawc being, i.'l all probability, the E. sn. Hawke; cf Cae-Da-Bywain (1 5-a). Brynhogfaen -(SN 493-474)[bryn + yr + hogfaen]; [hr�n'h;Jgvan E. Evans, brm'h:>gvan Penpompren, brm' ;:,gvan D. & R Davies] Brynyrhogfan OOS 1 81 1 , Brynyrhogfaen 1 8 1 9PR Llanwenog, Bryn'r Hogfaen OS 1 834, Bryn yr Ogfaen 1 843Th1S, Bryn-hogfaen OS 1 891 Brynhyfryd -(SN 475-485)[bryn + hyfryd] ; [br�n'h;;)vrid E. Evans] Bryn-hyfryd OS 1 89 1 Brynllefrith -(SN 487-474)[bryn + y + llefrith] ; [br�n'�evriO E . Evat1s, Penpompren] Tir Bryn y Llefrith 1 682 CD 69, Tir Bryn y Llefrith issa + ucha 1 729 CD 89, Brynllefrith 1 760CF, BryPJlevrith 1 774 in 1 905 G. E.Evans p.42, Brynllefrith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bryn-llefrith OS 1 89 1 It seems likely that the significance o f llefrith in this name is a s an allusory complimentary name to a hill containi.'lg good pasture, cf Brynllefrith (32-b), Penbryn (56-a). BrynUwyd -(SN 459-477)[bryn + llwyd] ; Bryn-llWyd OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-llwyd 0Sc. l 950 Brynmaen -(SN 488-502)[bryn + y + w.aen] ; Bryn-maen OS 1 89 1 , Ardwyn 0Sc. l 950 Brynmeddyg -(SN 477-461 )[bryn + y + meddyg] ; Bryn Meddig cot 1 843TIAS Bryn.melyn -(SN 476-463)[bryn + melyn] ; Bryn Melyn cot 1 843TMS Brynteg -(SN 485-439)[bryn + teg] ; [bran'te:g, brm'te:g , pentre,brm'te:g E. M. Hughes] Bryn-teg OS 1 89 1 , yng Nghwarre Brynteg (prox.) 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. l 3 Name derived from nearby Afountpleasant (1 5-a). Bryn View -(SN 487-484)[bryn + E. view] ; Brynview OS 1 982 Bwlchgwyn -(SN 494-497)[bwlch + gv.)n]; [bulz'gwm E. Evar.s] Bwlch-gwyn OS1 891 Bwlch-mawr -(SN 486-432)[bwlch + mawr] ; [bolz'mowr E. Evans, E. M. Hughes, D. & R Davies] Bwlchmawr c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 89, Bulch mawr 1 760map E. Bowen, Ty Thyn y Bwlch mawr 1 777 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 9, Bwlch rr.av.'f OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bwlch.-r..a\\'f 1 826PR Llanwenog, Bwlch-tr.a\\'f OS1891 Cae-cerryg -(SN 491 -482)(cae + yr + cerrig]; [ka·'kerig E. Evans]

255

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Cae Cerrig 1 823PR Llanwenog, Cae Cerrig 1 843Th1S, Cae-careg 08 1 89 1 , Cae-cerrig 08 1 904, Gwynfil OS 1 982 Cae-Da-.Bywain -(SN 5 14-445)[cae + pn. Da[f\;dd] Bywain]; [kad�'bowen D. & R Davies] Cae Da Bowen 1 767rent p.239, Cadabowen OOS 1 81 1 , Cae Da Bowen 181 5PR Llanwenog, Cae-ty­ Bowen 08 1 89 1 , Cae-da-bovven 081 904, Cae-da-Bowen Farm + Cae-da-Bowen House OS1 982 This name as with many others has the well-attested reduction of the pn. DafYdd into Da, cf Brynhawc (1 5-a), Ffjmnon-Da-Fras (15-a), Bwlch-Da-Wergam (41-a), Brynda (54-a), (c) Cae Da Befan (Llanddcvvi Brcfi) [ 179l sur map] . Outside Cardiganshire we fmd Llwyn-Da-Ddu (ST 10-8 1 , Pentyrcf.., Glams.); Tyr Da Powell (unloc., Rads. or Brees .) [ 1 720 Coleman �/ISS]; a person P.amed John Dab Evan (t 1 733) (Llanllawddog, Ca.rm s.) (1sthcent. Llanllawddog MSS: 99] ; Tjjmnon-Da-Bifan (Tirabad, Brees.), f�:m;:mda'bi-van [itlf. Li. Davies] , on which D. Jenkins [ 1 934: 95] wrote: "I gael spel lle bu Da Bifan I yn cael ffyih""lon lawn" (the capitals presumably showing the author understood Da Bifan to be a personal-name); cf Llety-Ifan-Hen (73 -a) . In the late niileteenth centu:ry a person from Treo rci (Gla.111s .) who had w.ade money in the coal-mines built a mans ion adjacent to the original farm [inf D. & R. Davies] . Cae-Da-Bywain Cottages -(SN 510-446)[tn. Cae-Da-Byv;ain (1 5-a) + E. cottages] ; [ka· d;) bowen 'k�ted3ez J. Jones] Cae-ty-bowen Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Cae-da-bowen Cottages OS 1 904 Cae-llan -(SN 493-453) [cae + yr + llan] ; [kaj'ian J. Thomas] Caellan 1 832PR Llanwenog, Cae Llan 1 843Tl\18 Cae' rodyn -(SN 468-471 ) [cae + yr + o dyn] ; Cae'r Odyn 1 836PR Llanwenog, Caeyrodyn 1 843TMS, Caerodyn 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Cae'ronnen -(SN 494-476)[cae + yr + onnen] ; CaeroP.nen OS 1 982 Caerau �(SN 477�448) [caerau]; [kejre E. M Hughes, Penpompren] Caire 1 784 BF�t\ ( 1 955) MSS p.66, Caerau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Caerau 0S l 834, Ceire 1 843Tivf� , !..s] Favvnog O S 1 89 1 , Y Fawnog 1 93 9 D . R & Z. S .Davies p.76, Fawnog 1 997 CN 1 7/04/97 p. 1 0 Ffarm Bwlch-bychan -(SN 476-432)[ffarm + tfl_ Bwlch-bychan] ; [farm,bulz'b�an E . Evans, bulz'b�zan D . &

R

Davies]

Bulch bucP.an 1 672 BF�A� ( 1 955) 1 679

in

M88 p. l 03 , Bwkh bychan 1 672 BRA ( 1 95 5) Iv!SS p.40, Bwlchbychan

1 91 3 L. E.Ll Theakston & J.Davies p. 48, Bulch buchan 1 760map E.Bowen, Bwlch buchan

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bwlchbydmn 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Bwlch-bychan OS 1 834, Bwlch-byclmn OS 1 89 1

Plas Bv,>fch-bychan (1 5-a). Ffinnant Arms -(SN 524-458)[tn. Ffmnant (1 5-a) + E. arw..st [ fin ant ' arm z D. & R Davies, J. Jones, vr:1u'g rli J. Cf

Jones] Ffinnant Arms, FfyT.ant

i\.rms cot 1 843TMS, Ffinr.ant Arms (P. H. ) OS 1 89 1 , Inn 0Sc. 1 95 0, Frongelli

OS 1 98 2

Ffinnant-fach -(SN 521 -462)[ffi.n + nant (+ bach)]; [ fina n t' va : x; D . & F� Davies] F:finant vach 1 8 1 4PR Llanwnnen, Ffmnant fach 1 843T11S, Ffmnant-fach OS 1 89 1

F:finnant..ganoi - (SN 523-461 )[ffm + nant (+ canol)] ; [finant'gen:)l D . & R Davies] Ffynnonant OOS 1 8 l l , Ffnu1ant genol 1 843TMS, Ffmnant-ganol O S 1 89 1

Ffinnant-isa -(SN 527-460)[ffin + P.ant (+ isaf)] ; [finant'ifa D. & R Davies]

261

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Ffynnant issa 1 722/23 CIWSt-David M..SS vol. l l p. l 3 1 , Ffynon issa 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS, F:fynnon issa OOS1 8 1 1 , F:fi.1.ant 1 isa 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Fw.11.ant 1 8 1 6PR Llanwenog, Ffm-nant-isaf OS 1 834, Ffuu1ant issa 1 843TMS, Ffmnant-isaf 0S l 89 1 Ffinnant-ucha -(SN 5 19-46l ) [ffin + nant (+ uchaf)] ; [finant'�xa D. & R Davies] Ffynnant ycha 1 722/23 CI\VSt-David J\1SS vol. l l p. l 3 1 , Ffynnant 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS, Fynnant 1 793 Davies-Evans MSS, Ffji111onant ucr.a OOS 1 8 1 1 , FfYn.crmntycha als. Ffynnant faur 1 8 1 9 Davies­ Evans MSS, Ffin-nant-uchaf OS 1 834, Ffinnant ucha 1 843TMS, Ffmnant-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Ffmr1ant 0Sc. l 950 Cf Gueit Finnant ( upJoc.) [ s.a.848(c .954) AP..n.Camb.(A): 1 3] . Ffosffald-isa -(SN 504-486)[:ffos + y + ffald ( + isaf)]; [f�s.fald 'i:Ja Penpompren, f�s'fald, fos,fald 'iJa J . Thomas] Ffosyffaldd issa, Ffosyfaldisa 1 843TMS, Ffos-ffald-isaf 0S l 891 Ffosffald-ucha -(SN 501 -487)[ffos + y + ffald (+ uchaf)] ; [f:ls,fald'�xa Penpompren, J. Thomas] Ffoes y Ffald 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 1 1 , Ffo s y Ffald 1 760CF, Ffoesyffald 1 795PR Llamvru1en, Ffoesyfald OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ff6s y Ffald 1 821PR Llanwenog, Ffos-y-ffald 08 1 834, Ffosyffald uchaf, Ffosyfald ucha l 843TMS, Ffos-y-ffald-uchaf 0S l 891, Ffos-ffald-uchaf 0S l 904, Ffosffald 1 939 D.R & Z. S .Davies p. 59 Ffosgou -(SN 497-47l )[ffos + cau] ; Ffoesgou OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffosgoy 1 83 0PR Llanwenog, Ffos-goe OS 1 834, Ffosgoy cot 1 843Th1S, ffosgoy 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Ffynnondafolog -(SN 5 1 5-456)[ffynnon + tafolog] ; [f�n:mda'vo·bg A Davies, f�n;)nda'vobg D. & R Davies, no\v d:lrset A. Davies, D. & R. Davies] Ffynnon Dafolog 1 825PR Llanwenog, Ffynondafolog 1 843TMS, Dorset Cottage O S 1 891 , Ffynnondafolog 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p . 79 Ffynnon-Da-Fras -(SN 5 l l -449)[ffynnon + pn. Da[fYdd] Fras] ; [fan::>nd�'vra:s Penpompren, f�n::>nda'bra:s, f�n:mde'bra:s D. & R. Davies] Ffynon Da (als Nere Dith) Vras c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd vol.3 p. 89, Funon Da Vras 1 767rent p.239, FuP..non Da Fras 1 8 1 6PR Llanwenog, Ffynnondafras 1 822PR Llanwenog, Ffynnon�Da�fras 08 1 834, Ffynondafras 1 843TMS, Ffynnon ddafras OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-dda-fras 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 5 1 , Ffynnon-fras c. 1 950 H.Lewis The P.ame was transferred to the uninhabited Cors-y-frlin (1 5-a) sometime before 1 904, after this site was in ruins [081904]. The non-lenition of bras in some of the spoken forms reflect a reanalysis to da bras 'fat cattle'; cf Cae-Da-B}wain (1 5*a). Ffynnonllefrith �(SN 486=471 )[ffynnon + y + llefrith] ; Ffynnonllefrith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynonllefrith 1 843TMS, Ffynnon-llefrith OS 1 89 1 Ffynnonrhydderch -(SN 509-458)[flYnnon + pn. _Rhydderch] ; [f E. Evans, E. l\1. Hughes, now g er�'lan J. Thomas] Pant y Clochydd 1 8 1 6PR Llanwenog, Pant y Clochydd 1 843TMS, Pare y Clochydd 1 866 D . Thow.as p. 52, P arc-y-clochydd OS 1 982 Pant Cruclas -(SN 485- 500)[pant + tn. Cruclas]; [pant�'krddas E. Evans] Pant y Crugg las 1 828PR Llanweno g, Crug-las OS1 834, Crugglas 1 83 0PR Llanwenog, Pant-crug- las OS 1 89 1 , Pant y Cruclas 1 939 D.R & Z.S.Davies p . 21 (c) ka·'knuk behind house [inf E. Evans]. Pa..-ttddenven �(SN 5 1 3=44l )[paJlt + y + denven] ; [pant'(')erwen M. Davies] The Plough OS 1 834, Pant-dderwen OS 1 89 1 Pantre!men - (SN 471 -4 1 8)[pant + yr + elmen]; [pant�'re!men E. M. Hughes, pant'r�lmen D. & R Davies] Pant-yr-Elmen OS1 891 Pant-y-fedwen =(SN 5 1 7 444)[pant + y + bedwen] ; [pant J. Jones] Lleine Pant y Vedioen 1 682 CD 69, (c) Llai..11 Pant y Fadwen 1 729 CD 89, Pantyfedwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant y Fedwen 1 828PR Llanwenog, Pant-y-fedwen O S 1 834, 'street' Heol y Fedwen (prox.) 1 88 1 Davies-Evans �1SS, Pant-y-fedwen OS 1 89 1 Pantffynnon �(SN 505496)[pant + y + ffynnon] ; [pant'f;)n:>n E . Evans, 1\1. Thornas] Pen Rlriw OS1 834, Pant-y-ffyn.11on OS 1 89 1 , Pant FfYnnon 1 939 D . R & Z. S.Davies p. 1 21 , (c) Bane Pant y FfYnno n (prox.) 1 939 D.R & Z . S . D avies p.8 Pant-y-grafel -(SN 4 74-42 l )[pant + y + grafel]; [ pant�'grave! E. M. Hughes] Pantygravel 1 846PR Llanwenog, Pant-y-grafel OS 1 89 1 Pant-mawr -(SN 496-466)[pant (+ ma·wr)] ; [pant'mowr Penpompren] Pantw.aure 1 793 Davies-Evans .MSS, Pantw.av.'r 1 829PR Llanwenog, Pant-w.awr OS1 891 Pantmeddyg -( SN 482 -464)[pant + y + rneddyg]; [pant'meted3ez,

comprising

b;;rtJ'fi:ld, sand 'koted3,

Pen�lon OS 1 834, Quarry Cottage + Sand Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Birchfield (SN 5 1 7�441 ) O S 1 904 These \-vere "tai les at Hei-mid'' (i. e. Dolau�bach,

15-a) [inf D. & R. Davies] ; the !on referred to does not (OS1 834] from this site to Colej-bach (1 5-a), and onwards to Dolau-ucha (1 5-a) and Do/au-canol (1 5-a); was Birchfield's name connected to nearby Nant-y-bemv (1 5-a)? Pen !on (ii) -(SN 492-500)(Gorsgoch)[pen + y + lon] ; [pen'lo:n E. Evans] exist anymore, but went

Pen y Lone 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Pen Lon 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, Penlon O S 1 834, Penlone cot 1 843Tl\1S, Pen-lon O S 1 89 1

Penpompren

-(SN 5 0 1 -459)[pen + y + pompren] ;

[pen'p:)mpren J .

Thomas,

pem'b:Jmpren Penpompren]

Penypontbren 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, Penbont Pren ( s of road) 1 843Tl\1S , P.H. OS 1 89 1 , Penpompren If'� (sign)

Penrhiw-fach

-(SN 492-458) [pen + y

+ rhiw (+ bach)] ;

Pembiw tach 1 820PR Llanwenog, Penrhyw fach cot 1 843 TI\If� , Pen-rhiw-fach O S 1 89 1 , Tegfan O S 1 982

Penrhiw-fawr -(SN 489-459)(pen + y + rhiw (+ mav.'f)] ;

[Cc) penhnw'vowr J. Thomas]

Pem.hiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'rhiw O S 1 8 34, Penrhyw Cottages 1 843Th1S, Pen�rhiw�favv'f O S 1 89 1 In ruins [OS 1 904]; a pen trej of six

houses [ 1 939 D. R . & Z. s . Davies: 77]; see .l(}zil-v-jm1w Llamvenog (l5-b). 270

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Penrbiwllan -(SN 493-45 l )[pen + rhiw + yr + llanL [penhriW'ian J. Thmnas] Pen-rhiw-llan O S 1 904 Inexistent [OS 1 891 ] .

Pensam -(SN 486-477)[pen + y + sam]; Pensarn 1 729 CD 89, Pensarn 1 8 1 7PR Llanwenog, Pen'sarnau (sic) OS 1 834, Pensarn 1 843T�1S, Pen­ sam O S 1 8 9 1

Pensamau -(SN 498-495)[pen + y + sarnau] ; (pen'sarne E. Eva..TlS] Pen Sarna OS 1 834, Pensarnau 1 834PR Llanwenog, Pensarnan cot 1 843 TMS, Pensarnau OS 1 891

Pensteps -(SN 5 1 8-443)[pen + y + steps] ; [pen'steps M. Davies]

Pa..tJ.t-y-fedwen Cottage OS 1 8 9 1 , Manchester House OS 1 904, Frondeg + Highfield inf M. Davies Pentre-P..hys -(SN 5 1 8-465)(pentref + pr1. Rhys] ; [pentre'ri:s J. Thomas, E. Evans, pentre'hri:s E.�1. Hughes, pente'ri:s D. & R Davies] Blaen y Waun 1 803!11...ap J. Singer, Blaenywaun OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-'waun-ffin-r1ant O S 1 8 34, Blaenwayn Ffinnant, Pentre Rees, Pentree Rees 1 843TMS, Blaen-waun-ffinnant OS 1 89 1 , Pentre-rhys OS 1 904 About 1 900 it was a pentref of six houses [ 1 939 D. R & Z. S. Davies: 77] .

Penwaun -(SN 478-463)[pen + y + gwaun]; Penyvvern OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen y Waun 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Penwaun cot. 1 843Th1S, Penwaun 1 93 9 D.R

&

Z. S.Davies p. 78

Perthi-bach -(SN 485-491 ) [perthi + bach] ; Perthi bach 1 8 1 7PR Llanwenog, Perthi bach cot 1 843Th1S, Perthi bach 1 93 9 D.R Tv.ro houses

& Z. S .Davies p. 78

[1 939 D. R. & Z. s. Davies: 78] .

P!as Bwlch-bychan -(SN 480-435)[plas + tn. Bwlch-bychan] ; [pla:s,bulz'b�zan E. Evans, pla:s�'bulz E. M Hughes] Hendy Bwlchbychan 1 8 1 7PR Llanwenog, Hendy Hwlch 1 822PR Llanwenog, Hendy'r Bwlch 1 827PR L1anwenog, Bwlch-bychan OS 1 834, Hendy Bwlch cot. 1 843TIAS, Bwlch-bychan House O S 1 891 Cf Ffarm Bwlch-bychan (15�a).

Pleasant Hill -(SN 506-480)[E. pleasant + hill] ; Pleasant Hill OS 1 904 b.bet. l 89 1 -1 904 (OS1891 ; OS1 904] . Pomprendu -(SN 5 1 4-439)[pompren + du]; [pjmpren'di: �1. Davies] Pomprendy 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS, Pomprendu 1 769 Davies-Evans MSS, Pont-bren-ddu OS 1 834, Pontpren Du 1 843TMS, Pontbren-du OS 1 89 1 , Pompren-du 1 93 9 D.R & Z . S .Davies p. l O Porth.-wae -(SN 488-478)(porth + E. way] ; [ p:lr8'waj, now melroz'park ? J. Thomas] Porth \Vay 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S . Davies p . 79, �Aelrose O S 1 982 Pwll-y-bllwg -(SN 509-460) [pwll + y + bilwg] ; [ pu!� b:dug , pu!�'bilug J. Thomas] '

P\:vll y Billwg 1 722/23 CIWSt-David MSS vol. l l p. l 3 1 , Pwllybyllwg 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS , Pwllybillwg 1 793 Davies-Evar..s M:SS, Pwll y Kilhook (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pwll y Bilwg, Pwll y Bilwg fiich (prox.) 1 8 1 5PR Llamvenog, Pwll-y-Billhook O S 1 834, Pwll y Bilwg, Pwll y Bylwg 1 843Th1S, Pvvll-y­ bih.vg OS 1 891 , Pwllybilwg fach (prox. ) 1 939 D.R In tl1is name the

bib1-g

& Z. S.Davies p.79

'billhook, hedgi..'"l.g�hook' is probably an analOg'.f to the shape of the pool, cf

Pwllbladur (1 8-a). A nickname for the people of Myddfai parish (Canns.) was Cywion Pwll y Bilwg [ 1 9 9 1 D. B. James: 250], obviously after another identically named place. Pwllcwarre -(SN 493-456)[pwll + y + cwarre] ; [pul'kware J. Thomas] Cv.m Quarrey ? 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 , Cv\'111 Quarre ? 1 723 Peterwell M:S 1 2, Pwll y Quarry 1 767rent p.238, Pwll y Quarre 1 822PR Llanwenog, Pwll Quarre 1 83 1PR Llanwenog, P\vllcware 1 83 2PR

& Z. S.Evans p. 79 [inf. J. Thomas]. Pwros �(SN 498-458)[E. poorhouse] ; [ pur:ls J. Thomas] LJanwenog, Pwll Cwarre 1 93 9 D.R

Two houses [ 1 939 D. R. & z. s. Evans: 79] ; no remains

& Z. S.Davies p. 75 Clwtffwm garden [inf J.

Poor House 1 827PR Llanwenog, Poorhouse 1 84 l cens., o'r hen Bwr-house 1 939 D.R No rew.ains [ 1 93 9 D. R. & z. s. Evans: 1 07 ] ; fl.L.rther up tb...an Clwtf}wm (15-a), adjoiPing

Thomas] . Pyllau-cei!ogau -(SN 489-5 1 6) [pyllau + yr + ceiliogau] ; [pule,ki'loge E. Evans] Pyllau Ceiliogau 1 83 0PR Ty Davies, (c1 33) Pyllau Ceiliogau 1 843TMS, Gors-ceiliog OS 1 89 1 , Rhos�fryn OS 1 904, (pn.) Dai Pyllau Ceiliogau 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S . Davies p. l 44 271

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Quarry Villa -(SN 477�506)[E. quarry + villa] ; Quarry Villa OS 1 982

Rhandir -(SN 524-462)[rhandir] ; Rhandir OS 1 8 9 1

Rhewyndu -(SN 465-497) [rhe"vyn + du] ; R.hewin-ddfr O S 1 83 4, Rhewin Du 1 93 9 D.R & Z . S . Davies p.78 Rbiwson-ganol -(SN 504-467)[rhiw + pn. Sion (+ canol)]; [hnw,so:n'gan�l J. Thomas] R..lllw-sion-ganol O S 1 891, Rr.iwson ganol OS 1 982

Rhiwson=isa �(SN 503-466) [rhiw + pn. Sion (+ isaf)] ; [hnw,so:n'iJa J. Thomas] Rhywson c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 89, Rhiwsoen

1 760CF, RPiwsion 1 803tnap J. Singer, F..biwson

OOS 1 81 1 , Rhiwson isa, F..hi\vshone isaf 1 8 1 6PR Llanwenog, Efel Rhiw S on (prox.) 1 8 1 7PR Llanwenog, FJ,.iw Son 1 8 1 9PR Llanwenog, Rhiw S ion isaf O S 1 834, Rhiwson issa 1 843Th1S, Rhiw-sion-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Rhiwshon 1 93 1 S .M. Powell p. 1 4, Rhiwson isaf 1 93 9 D . R

&

Z . S .Davies p. 1 49, R._l]_iwsion

0Sc. 1 950, Rhiw S on 1 979 D . W.Bundock p.24, Rhiwson isaf O S 1 982

The non-palatal form of the personal�name Sion is also found in Troedrhiwson (4-a), and can be compared to the variation in the realisation of siomi 'to disappoi..11t' as �!:>mi or £'ls:)mi (Bangor) [ 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 498]. Rb.iwson-u�ha -(SN 504-468) [rhiw + pn. Sion (+ uchaf)] ; [hnw,so:n'�xa J. Thomas] Rhiwson ucr.a 1 824PR Llanwenog, Rhiw S ion-uchaf O S 1 834, Rhiwson ucha 1 843Tl\1S, Rhiw�sion-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Rhiwson 1 963 D.RDavies p. 26, Rhiw Sion 1 963 D.RDavies p . 48, Rhiwson uchaf 0S l 982 RHUDDLAN -(SN 493-430) [rhudd + glan] ; [ hr�inan E. Evans, E. M. Hughes, pentre'hr�!an D. & R Davies] Rutglan fl. l 1 50-1 200(c. l 400) Cynddel in Hendreg. p. 1 72, yn Rutglatm Deguann Deiui fl. 1 1 601 220(c. 1 400) Prydydd y Moch in Hendreg. p.279, Rudelan 1 2 1 4 i.'1 1 878 J.R.Daniel-Tyssen pp.73-75, RedelantOVv'Y 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. in 1 893 E. Owen p. 226, Rudlan Teiui 1 3 00li'4 Mabinogi {\VBRh) p. 69, Ruthelan 1 447

i.11 1 878 J.RDaniel-Tyssen p. 78, Ridlan' Deivy 1 53 5 VE p. 407, Rhyddlan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd

pt. 3 p. 89, Rowland Deivi 1 758 Glansevin MSS , 'village' R..hyddlan 1 769 Davies-Evans MSS, Rhyddlan 1 803map I Singer, Pentre F..hyddlan O OS 1 8 l l , Rhyddlan 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, Pentre-rhyddlan O S 1 834, Ryddlan Village 1 843 Tl\1S, Rhyddlan OS 1 89 1 , R..lJ.ydlan Deifi 1 930 D . C.Evans p. 56

Cf R�uddlan (Flints.), hrtlan [inf SWDP, St George] , Rudglann [s.a.796(c.954) A'll'LCamb.(A): 1 1 ]; Dolrhuddlan (76-a).

Rhydcathi -(SN 462-47l ) [rhyd + lu1. Cathl] ;

(c) R..lJ.yd Cathal 1 843 TMS, Rhyd-cathal OS 1 89 1 Cathl i s an alias of Cledlyn (d). 487-491 ) [rhyd + du] ; [hri:d'('}i: E. Evans]

Rhyd-cathal 08 1 834, The hn.

Rhyd-ddu �(SN

Rhyd ddu 1 803map J. Singer, R..hyd-ddu 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, F..hyd-ddu O S 1 834, F�hyd Ddu, R..hydu cot 1 843TMS, Rhyd-ddu OS 1 89 1

Rhydiau�bychan - ( S N 506-457)[rhydiau (+ bychan)] ; [ hndje D . & R. Davies, J. Thorr.as] Rhydiau bychain 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Maes yr Hidiau ? 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog, R.hydiau bychan OS 1 834, Rhydie, Rhydfr 1 843TMS, R.hydiau bach 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S . Davies p. 79 Rhydiau-mawr -(SN 508-457)[rhydiau (+ mawr)] ; -

R...lJ.ydau-mav.'f OS 1 89 1 , Rhydiau-tr.avvr OS 1 89 1

Rhydlas -(SN 475-506)[rhyd + glas] ; F�hydlas

1 803w.ap J. Singer, Rhydlas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydlas 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Rhyd-Jas 08 1 834,

Rhydlase, R..lwdlas cot 1 843TMS, Rhyd-Uis OS 1 89 1

P..byd-y-pisty!! -(SN 500-5 1 2)(rhyd + y + pistyll]; [hri: d�'piSt:d E . Evar..s ] Y Plas yn R.�yd y Pistill l 63 0 Lucas MS 42 1 9, R.�ydpistill 1 84 1 cens . , Rhyd y Pistyll 1 843 Th1S, Rhyd-y­ pistyll OS 1 89 1

Jlhyd-y-pwde! - ( S N 493-497)[rhyd + y + pwdel] ; [hri:d�'pudel, now do:l'ma:n E. Evans] Rhyd-pwdel OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd y Pwdel 1 93 9 D.R. & Z. S . Davies p. 78, Dolmaen O S 1 982 P.hyd-y-pwdel was the name of a pentref(i. e. hamlet) [inf E. Evans]. Rocken Ha!l -(SN 49 1 -482)[E. ? + hall] ; [g wmVIl E. Evans] Rock Hall 1 84 l cens. , Dochen Hall l 843TM...S , Rocken Hall O S 1 89 1 , Gv.')lfllil O S 1 904

Seion -(SN 489-478)[Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Capel Sion Meeti.'1g House 1 843T1VIS, Capel Sion 1 85 1 Rel cens. p . 5 1 5, Capel Sion (Par. Bapt.) 08 1 89 1 , Seion 1 93 9 D . R & Z. S .Davies p. 45, Capel Seion 0 8 1 982 272

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD b. 1 820 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 5 1 5; 1 939 D. R. & Z. S. Davies: 46] ; b. 1 824 [1987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 44] ; incorp. 1 829 [ 1 939 D. R S Davies: 46] ; ren. l 8 8 1 , ext. l 929 [ 1 939 D. R & Z" S. Davies: 47] ; denom. B. Siop-ucha -(SN 489-478)[siop (+ uchaf)]; Shop ucha 1 843 TIAS Cf Shop issa [ 1 8431MS]; Shop isa ( 1 83 I PR Llanwenog] (O.vrt-newydd, unloc.). Sychba."lt -(SN 475-462)[sych + pant] ; Sych-pa.flt OS 1 834, Sychbant 1 836PR Llanwenog, Sychpant 1 843TMS, Sychpant O S 1 891 Tai-ucha -(SN 5 1 7-466)[tai + uchaf]; Tai ucha 1 843'Thtf� Ta."lrallt -(SN 488-480)[tan + yr + allt] ; [tan'raH, re·vel E. Evans] Danyrallt OOS 1 81 1 , Dan yr Allt 1 825PR Llanwenog, Tanrallt OS 1 982 Tanralltgoch -(SN 488-483)[tan + yr + allt + coch] ; [tanrai'go:x E. Evans] Tan-yr-allt-goch OS 1 89 1 Tancoed -(SN 495-469) [tan + y + coed] ; [tan'ko:d Penpompren] Tir Bach Dan y Koed, Llaine y Tuy Bach Dan y Koed 1 682 CD 69, Danycoed 1 788 R Evans MSS, Dan y Coed 1 8 1 3PR Llanwenog, Dan'rallt (sic) OS 1 834, Dancoed 1 8431MS, Tan-coed OS 1 89 1 , Dancoed 1 939 D.R & Z. S .Davies p. l l Tandderi �(SN 503-435)[tan + y + deri] ; {tan'5eri �A. Davies] Tandderi OS 1 982 b. l 950s [inf M. Davies] . Tanerdy -(SN 474-463)[ta..'lerdy] ; [ta'nerdi E. Evans] Tatmery OS1 904, Tannery (dis) 08 1 982 Tanfoe! -(SN 489-479)[tan + y + moe!] ; [tan'vo:l E. Evans] Tanfol 1 939 D.R & Z S.Davies p. 47, Tanfoel, Tanfol l 963 D.RDavies p. 1 4 Ta."lfron -(SN 5 1 0=452)[tan + y + bron] ; [tan'vr;)n D. & R Davies] Tan y Fron 1 8 1 4PR Llanvvenog, Tynfron cot 1 843TMS, Tan-fron OS 1 891, Tanfron 1 939 D.R & Z. S .Davies p.79 Tangraig -(SN 490-478)[tan + y + craig] ; Tanygraig 1 767rent p.238, Dan y Graig 1 81 8PR Llanwenog, Tan y Graig 1 843TMS, Tangraig 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Tangraig-fach -(SN 496-47 l)[tan. + y + craig ( + bach)]; [taugreg 'va:x Penpompren, l Thomas] Danygraig ffich 1 81 3PR Llanwenog, Dan-y-graig-fach O S 1 834, Tangraig fach cot 1 843'Th1S, Dan-y­ graig-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Tan-y-graig-tach OS 1 904 Tanrheo! -(SN 523-457) [tan + yr + heol]; Tan-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Tanrhewl l 939 D.R & Z.S .Davies p.79 Tanpon -(SN 478-453)[tan + y + pon] ; Tanpound 1 84 l cens. , Tan-pon OS 1 89 1 , Tanpond OS1 904, Tanpond 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 78, Tanpond OS 1 982 Tanrhiw -(SN 488-471 )[tan + y + rhiw]; Dan y R.}ljw 1 8 13PR Lla..11wenog, Dan'r}l.iw OS 1 834, Tanrhiw 1 84 1 cens . , Danr}l.iw 1 843TMS, Tan-y-r}l.iw O S 1 89 1 , Tanrhiw 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79, Tanrhiw OS 1 982 Tanrhos -(SN 475-472) [tan + y + rhos]; Tan-rhos OS 1 904, Tanrhos OS 1 982 b. bet. l 891 -1 904 [OS1891 ; OS1 904]. Tegfryn -(SN 487-480)[teg + bryn] ; [tegvrm E. Evans] Tegfryn OS 1 982 TraDe -(SN 460-490)[ ? ]; [travle E. Evans] Travley 1 760w..ap E .Bowen, Trafle 1 760CF, Traw"ley (sic loc.) 1 765map E. Bowen et a!., Trafla OS 1 8 1 1 , Trafle 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, Trafle OS 1 89 1 Refers t o confluence o f streatr'.s belmv it; cf Trafle (25-a, 40-a), Cwmtrajle (64-b), Trawle (72-a), Llwyncerdinen (9-a), hn. Cerdinen, Trafel (71-a). Troedrhiw -(SN 487-477)[troed + y + rlt.iw] ; [tr;,d'r!W E. Evans] Troed y R.lriw 1 803map J. Singer, Troedyrhiw 1 8 1 4PR L1anwenog, Troedyrhiw 1 843TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedrf..iw 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 39 & Z.

273

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Troedrhiw had an estate [inf. E. Evans] . Troedrhiwfer -(SN 479-445)[troed + y + rhiw + ber] ; Troed-rhiw-fer OS 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-fer OS 1 904, Caerau Villa OS 1 982 Troedrhiwson -(SN 503-467)[troed + rhiw + pn. Sion] ; [hnw,so:n'k:)ted3IZ J. Thomas] Troed-rhivv-sion OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiwshon 1 93 1 SJ\1.Powell p. 1 4 Ty-cam -(SN 494-448)[ty + cam] ; [ti·'kam E . M Hughes, E . Evans] Ty Cam 1 767rent p.238, Tycam 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.2 14, Tycam als. Cefnrhyddlan als. Llwynfallen 1 8 1 0 Davies-Evans J.Vf..SS, Tycam OOS 1 81 1 , T y Cam + Ty Cam bach 1 81 3PR Llanwenog, Ty-cam 08 1 891 , Ty Cam bach (prox.) 1 93 9 D. R. & Z. S.Davies p.79 Ty-clai - (SN 490-478)[ty + clai]; Ty Clai 1 843TMS, Ty Clai 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p.79 Ty-dw! -(SN 474-507)[ty + ? ]; Tydwl cot 1 843TI.1S, Ty-dwl-bach 081 891, Ty-dwl + Ty-dwlach 1 93 9 D.R & Z.S.Davies p. 78, Ty Dwlach + Ty Dwlach na Hyrtily 1 984 Clone n. 23 Inexistent (OS1904] . \Ve see how the sequence -mtll=fach seems to :have been reinterpreted as dwlach 'stupider' by 1 939 and led to the invention (?) of the bizarre name 'T;; dwlach na hynny 'house stupider than that'. Ty-mawr -(SN 489-478)[ty + mawr] ; Ty mawr cot 1 843TMS Tyncae -(SN (ii)462-49 l)[tyddyn + y + cae]; [tig'ka: E. Evans] Ty'n y Cae 1 836PR Llanwenog, Tyn Cae cot 1 843 TMS, Ty'n-y-cae OS 1 891 i) SN 464-490. 1 843 . ii) SN 462-491 . Tyncelyn -(SN 498-490)[tyddyn + y + celyn]; [tDJ'kelm, tiQ'kelm E . Evans] Tyncely:n cot. 1 843TMS, Ty'n-celyn 08 1 89 1 , Ty'ncelyn 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 ruins [OS 1904] . Tyn.cornel -(SN 505-483)[tyddyn + y + comel] ; [tDJ'k;1rnel E. Evar.s] Ty'n y Comel l 8 1 3PR Llanwenog, Ty Cornel l 825PR Llanwenog, Ty Comel l 84 l cens. , Ty-comel (sic loc. ) OS 1 89 1 , Ty':n-cornel OS1 904 Tyncwm -(SN 474-5 1 1)[tyddyn + y + c\vm] ; [t.DJ'kum E. Evans] Tyn y Cwm 1 803map J. Singer, Tyncwm OOS 1 8 1 1 , T11ngwm 1 826PR Llanwnnen, Ty'n y CVvm 1 827PR Llanwnnen, Tynycwm 1 843TMS, Ty'n-cvm1 OS 1 89 1 , Ty Cwm BlaeP.au 1 939 D.R & Z. S .Davies p. l l , Ty'ncwm Blaenau 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p.78 L11 n1i.f1S [OS 1 904]. Tyndwr -(SN 489-478)[tyddyn + y + d"Wr] ; Ty'n y Dwr 1 832PR Llanwenog, Tyndv.'f cot 1 843TMS, (pn.) Deio Ty'nd\\'f 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p.74, Dol-ardd 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p.32 Dolardd, b. l 930s on rui.fled site of TyndWr [ 1 984 D. J. G. Evans: 32]. Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 5 1 3-44 1 )(�1aes-y-meillion)[tY + ne\\')'dd]; [bruklan D. & R Davies] Tynewydd ? 1 826PR L1anwenog, Ty ne\vydd cot 1 843TJ\1S, Ty-neW'jdd O S 1 891 Two houses [ 1 939 D. R. & Z. s. Davies: 79). Ty newydd(ii) -(SN 501 -46l )(Dre-fach)[tY + nev.'Ydd]; [ti: 'neWI� J. Thomas, Penpompren] Drefach farm 1 843TMS, Ty-nev.')'dd OS1 891 Ty-nev.rydd (iii) -(SN 5 1 8-466)(Pentre-Rhys)[tY + nev..-')'dd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd OS 1 904 Tynffordd -(SN 506-479)[tyddyn + y + ffordd]; Tyn y Ffordd 1 8 1 7PR Llanwenog, Ty'n-:fford OS 1 834, Ty:n Ffordd 1 843 TI\1S, Ty':n-ffordd OS 1 891 Tynffynnon -( SN 5 1 ()..43 8)[t'jddyn + y + ff)T.n.on); Tynyffynon n 1 769 Davies�Evans MSS, Ty'n y Ffynnon 1 822PR Llanwenog, Ty'n-f:fynnon O S 1 834, Tynffynon, Tyn y Ffynon 1 843TMS, Ty'n-ffyP..non OS1 89 1 Tynfron(i) -(SN 468-49l)(Gorsgoch)[tyddy:n + y + bron] ; [tm'vr�n Penpompre:n, tm�'vr:m E Evans] ; Ty'n-y-fron 081 834, Tynyfron, Tan y Fron 1 843TM:S, Ty'n-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tynfron OS 1 982 Tynfron(ii) -(SN 491 -457)(Llanwenog)[tyddyn + y + bron] ; [t m vr ;1n J. Thomas] -

.

'

274

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Tv.y yn y Fron 1 722/23 CI\VST�David J\.1S S vol. l l p. 1 3 1 , Tyr yn y Fron 1 767 Davies-Evans J\.1SS , Tynyfron OOS 1 8 l l , Tyn-y-fron OS1 834, Tanyfron 1 843 TMS, Ty'n-y-fron O S 1 89 1 , Tynfron 1 939 D.R.

& Z. S . Davies p. 1 05 Tyngrug Cottage -(SN 475-45 l ) [tn. tnJgrig 'k:1ted3 J. Thomas]

Tyngrug

( 1 5-a)

+

E.

cottage] ;

{tuJ,gri:g 'k:lted3

E.

IV!.

Hughes,

Tynygrug Cottage OS 1 904, Tyngrug Cott OS 1 982 b. bet. 1 891-1 904

Tyngrug-ganol

(OS1 891 ; OS1 904].

-(SN 477-460)[tyddyn + y + grug (+ canol)] ;

Hughes,

tuJgrig'gan:ll

[tm,gri:g 'gan:l! Penpompren, tHJ,gri:g 'gan:ll

E. M.

J. Thomas]

Ty'n-grug-c.anol OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-grug-ganol 0Sc. 1 950, Tyngrug ganol OS 1 98 2

Tyngrug-isa -(SN 476-454) [tyddyn + tiggrig 'iJa J. Thmnas]

y + grug

(+ isaf)] ; [tm,gri:g 'i:Ja Penpcmpren, bg ,g ri:g ' i.Ja E . M: . Hughes,

Ty yn y Grug 1 796PR LlandysuL Tyn y Grug 1 803rnap J. Singer, Tynygrug OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty'n y G-rug 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Ty'nygn1g 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog,

Ty'n-y-grug

OS 1 834, Tyn y Grig,

Tyngrig

1 843 TMS, Ty'n-gr{1g OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-grug-isaf 0Sc. l 950, Tyngrug-isaf 0S l 982

Tyngrug-ucha

-(SN 485-46l ) [tyddyn

+ y

+ grug

(

+ uchaf)] ;

[tm,gri:g '�xa

Penpompre11,

tl,ian'wen::>g E. r-.1. Hughes, sk::>!di J. Thomas] Ysgol yr Eglwys 1 939 D.R & Z.S.Davies p. 84, Llanwenog C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 b. l 867, National School [ 1 939 D. R. & z. s. Davies: 83] . geonyms Allt-yr-ardd -(SN 480-435)[allt + y + gardd]; A.Jlt yr Ardd O S 1 89 1 Refers t o the garden o fPlas Bwlch-bychan (1 5-a). Allt-y-banc -(SN 477-440)[allt + y + banrn'ikd E .

Evans,

k:>rn'Ikil E.

M. Hughes]

Lletty Corn Nickill 1 722/23 CIWSt-David MSS vol. l l p. 1 3 1 , Tafarn y Cornicill 1 765-66 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 67, Lletty Cornikill 1 793 Davies-Evans MSS , Cornickull 1 8 1 6PR Llanwnnen, Coricill Cottage (prox. ) 1 82 1 PR Llanwnnen, Corniccyll 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog, Cornicill 1 829PR Llanwnnen, Corniccyll OS 1 8 3 4, Corniccill 1 83 5PR Llanwnnen, Cornicill 1 844TMS, Wern-cornicyll 08 1 89 1 In the 1 76 5-66 form it i s incorrectly 1 OOm to the

Cross Inn

(?)

ascribed t o Llanwenog parish, the parish boundary lying about

SW.

-(SN 5 1 5-478)[E. cross + inn] ;

[kr;:,s'm

E. Evans]

Cross Inn 1 823PR L1anwenog, Cross Inn 1 844TMS, Cross Inn O S 1 89 1 , Cross Inn Cottage 0 8 1 904

Cwrtbrodyr

-(SN 508-495) [cwrt + y + brodyr];

[kurt�'br:>drr E.

Evans, M. Thomas]

Cwrt Brodyr 1 73 0PR Llanwnnen, Cartybrodir 1 767rent p. 23 8, Court y Brodr 1 790PR Llanwnnen, Cwrt Brodyr 1 824PR Llanwnnen, Cwrt-y-brodir 08 1 834, Cwrtybrodyr 1 84 1 cens. , Courtybrodir 1 844TMS, Cwrt-y-brodyr OS 1 89 1 The old

Cwrtbrodyr i s i n ruins,

there i s a new house at present [inf

M. Thomas] .

I t lies right on the border

with Llanwenog parish, and the name seems to refer to the monastic grange of

Tir-newydd (e)

in

Llanwenog (which was to Whitland monastery), its situation makes it unlikely that this was an administrative centre of the grange, see

Cwrt(i) (1 5-a).

This name may emulate

Cwrt y Brodyr,

the Welsh

name of Greyfriars monastery in Carmarthen

[1 837 J. Jones & W. Davies: 492]. Esgairinglis -(8N 5 1 2-467)[ esgair + n. Inglis]; [esker'I\)ghf E . Evans, esker'IlJghs J. Thomas] Esgerenglish 1 790PR Llanwnnen, Esgir English 1 795PR Llanwnnen, Esgeringlish 1 80 1PR Llanwnnen, Esgerenglish OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esgair Ingllys 08 1 834, Esger Englis 1 844TMS, Esgair-ingllys O S 1 89 1 , Esgair­ Inglis OS 1 904

English [DES : 1 56, 249]. It may also feasibly be a reference to Saeson is the regular term for 'the English' in Welsh (cf the nineteenth-century Inglis Cos 'English cause' [ GPC s.v. Inglis cos]). However such etymologies for Inglis seem to sit uneasily with a term such as esgair which tends to point to this place-name belonging to an older stratum (nevertheless, cf Castellf.jlemis (33-b), attested as early as the twelfth century). A reformation of an obscure word may well be behind Inglis ( cf. inglais, ingloes [GPC s.v. inglais, ingloes] ) . Felinban -(SN 527-479)[y + melin-pan] ; [vehn'ban E. M Hughes] The Sc.-E.sn.

Inglis,

is a variant of the E. sn.

the English, a jocular or pejorative reference, as

The Tucking Mill 1 722/23 CIWSt-David MS S vol. ll p. 1 3 1 , Felin Bann 1 800PR L1anwnnen, Felin Bann, Feliban 1 844TMS , Felin-ban 08 1 89 1

Felin-fach

-(8N 5 3 0-476)[y + melin + bach] ;

Tyr y Velin, Llanwnnen Mill 1 722/23 CIWSt-David MSS vol. l l p. 1 3 1 , Tyrfelin, Llanwnnen Mill 1 793 Davies-Evans MSS, Felinvach 1 8 1 7PR Llanwnnen, Felin fach 08 1 834, Felin-±ach (Corn) O S 1 891 , Minafon OS 1 98 2

Felin-newydd

-(SN 522-497)[y + melin + newydd] ;

280

( 1 6) GWYNIONYDD Meli.11 nev.yrdd 1 722 Peter.vell MS 1 1 , Melin newyd 1 772 Castlehill MSS, Felin newydd 1 800PR Llanwnnen, Llysvane Mill 1 81 9PR Llanwnne11.., Felin Llysfaen 1 866 D.Thomas p. 5 0, Llysfan Mill 1 875 Ystrad SF, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Meli.11 Llysfaen uchaf 1 977 W.D.Llewellyn p.33 The -newydd is probably in opposition to Felin-fawr (24-a). Ffynnonlas -(SN 496-508)[ffynnon + glas]; [f�m:m'la:s E. Evans] FrJnnon-las O S 1 834, Ffyr.norJas 1 832PR Llam,vnnen, FrJnnon�las OS1 891 Fronfelen -(SN 5 07- 5 14) [y + bron + melen] ; Tir y Fron Velen 1 64 7 i.tJ. 1 91 3 L.E.Ll.Theakston & J.Davies p. 38, Bron-felen OS1 834, Fron Felen 1 844TMS, Fron-felen OS 1 89 1 Garden Cottage -(SN 5 1 6- 477) [ E. garden + cottage] ; [talar.vaelmvd) + t;J. The alternation between compositions with either tref 'settlement' or tJ; 'house' is well-attested, e.g. Faerdre ��;faerdy. Lav>.rtre--fach -(SN 526-462)[y + gwaelod + tref (+ bach)]; Lowtre fach 1 844TMS LLAN'NNNEN -(SN 533-472)[1lan + pn. C-vvyT.nen]; [f.an'unen /'·... Davies, ian'nnen E. Evans] Lannwenen ? 1 3 5 5 NLW MS 1 404-E p. l l l , 'Teml Wynen Lan' ±1. 1 485 L. Glyncothi in 1 9 1 1 LBS vol. 3 p.230, Llanuuormen 1 53 5 VE p.394, Ll. Wnen c. l 566EPC, Llanunnen 1 578w..ap C. Saxton, Llam.venon 1 593/94 BR.t\ ( 1 95 5 ) l\1SS p. 34, Llam.vnen 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p.298, Llanunnon 1 624 CD 3 1 , Llamvr.nen 1 63 0 Lucas l\y1S 421 9, Llanv.n,.men 1 647 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 38, i Lan \Vn'lan .. >1 667 Itin. RVaughan p.848, Llanwennin, Llanwennen 1 674 BRA.. ( 1 955) J\1SS p.41 , Llanwoonen c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 88, L1anwnnenn 1 71 8 F. Green 1\tf...SS vol.25 n. l , Llanwi.t1en 1 728 i..t1 1 905 G.E.Evans p. l l , Llamvoman 1 733 Gentleman 's 1'vfagazine in c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 225, Llanunwen 1 760CF, Llan Wnnen 1 803map J. Singer; L!anv.rronen 1 808 S.Rl\1eyrick p.207, Llanwnnen �

281

( 1 6) GWYNIONYDD OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llamvnnen (Llan-vmen) 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vo1.2 p. 1 58, Llanwnen, St. Gv.'j'Ilin's Ch. (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 " . . . Gwn.11en is entered i n the sixteenth-century Demetian calendar with Gvmnws o f Llanwnnws as an

(othenvise unknmvn) son of Brychan. " [ 1994 P. 6 Riain:

391 ] ; ded. Gwynin ab Helyg ab Glannog [ 1 808 s. R. 1'.1eyrick: 2 1 8; 1833 S. Lev.ris (1850 edn): 2. 158] . G[wyl] Wnnen, a Gwnnws, dayjab Brychan on the thriteenth of December [1500¥2 Dem.Calend. ] ; the thirteenth of December was also the feast of Sai..11t Lucy of S:yracuse, [ 191 1 LBS: 3.230]; Fair Wnen held on the tr.i..rteenth of [ 1 900 Ystrad SF] ; .�.Hfair Wnnen jach [1970 K. Davies: 1 52]. Church reb. 1 873 [1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 49]. The ending of the name, -en, b.as understandably led to it being understood to be the name of a female [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 391], but this is not necessarily the case, as the name could just as easily be, either, from a possible 0\V. orig:iP.al *Guingen, or, from an origiP.al -yn that became -en, cf Llandudwen (Caerns.), I1anglydwen (Canns.). P. 6 Riain's equation [1 994: 382] of Gwynnen with Irish saint Finnian, whose festival is on the thirteenth of December (1 91 1 LBS: 3.230], seems incorrect; cf Gwnnwys (57-a). The same name seems evidenced as a stream-P.ame Gwnnen (SJ 08-22, Pen-y-game.dd, Monts.), Cwm Gwennen 1 836 (1986 G. E. Evans : 64]; Blaenwennen (3 -a); but is unli.k:.ely to be that of Cape!gwynain (Nantg\vynant, Caems.), w}lich in origin was Capel Nanhwynain [191 1 LBS: 3.231 ) . Llechwedd-deri-isa -(SN 507-503)[llechwedd + y + deri (+ isaf)]; [iezwe�,deri'iJa E . Evans, t-o:zi),deri'i·Ja, ro:z�'deri l\1. Thomas, lex,wd�'derje (coll.) E. Evans, M. Thorr.as] who later displaced Gwynnen as the patron saint

December

Llechwedd y Dery 1 634 Crosswood MS S, Llechwedd y Dery 1 637 CD 43, Llechyderry issa 1 7 1 8 Peterwell l\1S 9 , Llechwedd Derry issa 1 722 Peterwell M.:S 1 1 , Llechwedd Dery issa 1 772 Castlehill M� S,

Llechwedd

Deri

issa

1 790PR Llanwnnen,

Llechwedd Dyrys

1 808

S.Rl\1eyrick

p. 21 8,

Llechwedderi issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llechwedd-deri-issa 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 85, Llechwedd-dderi-isaf 08 1 834, Llechwedd Dert 1 843TI\.1:S Llanwenog, Llechweddderi isaf 1 844TMS, Llechwedd-dderi-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Llechwedd-dderi 0Sc. l 950 For the form io:x�'deri, and Llechyderry 1 71 8, cf

Llechweddpadarn (38-a). L!echwedd-deri-ucha -(SN 506-505)[llechwedd + y + deri (+ uchaf)] ; [iezwe�,deri'�xa E. Evans, t:o:z;},deri ';:)xa M. Thomas] Llechyderry ycha 1 7 1 8 Peten.ve!l MS 9, Llechwedd-derry ycha 1 722 Peterwel! MS 1 1 , Llechwedd Dery ycha 1 772 Castlehill l\1SS, Llechwedd Deri ycha 1 790PR Llanwnnen, Llechwedderi ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llech\vedd dderi uchaf OS 1 834, Llechw·edd Deu 1 843T1\1S Llanwenog, Llechweddderi ucr.a 1 844Tl\.1S, Llechwedd-dderi-uchaf OS 1 891

Llwyngroes -(SN 524-480)[llwyn + y + croes]; [iujg'gro:s E. Eva:P..s] Llwyn y Groes 1 760CF, Lhvyn Groes 1 788 IV1aes-newydd MSS , Llwyn y Croes 1 790PR Llanwn.flen, Tiryllwynkeli..11 als. Tyrlhvynygroes, Tynyclyncoch als. Lhvynygroes, Fynnonygroes (prox. ) 1 798 �Aaes­ newydd l\1SS, Llwyn y Groes 1 803map J. Singer, Llwynygroes OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyngroes

1 8 1 8PR

Llamvrmen, Llwyngroes 1 844Tl\.1S, Lh.vyn-y-groes 08 1 891

Llysfaen-isa -(SN 52 1 -492)[llys + maen (+ isaf)]; [Us'va:n in£ , bs,va:n'i-ja, bs'vejni(') (coil.) M. Thomas] Llysvaen 1 7 1 8 Peterwel! l\1S 9, Llysvane 1 760CF, Llysvane 1 772 Castlehill l\1.SS, Llusfaen 1 773 l\1aes­ newydd l\1S S, Llysfan issa 1 790PR Llanwnnen, Llysfan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llysfaen OS 1 834, Llysfaen isaf 1 844T1\1S, Llysfaen-isaf 0S l 891

Llysfaen-ucha -(SN 522-496)[llys + maen (+ uchaf)] ; [hs,va:n';}:x;a M. Thomas] Llysfane ycha 1 790PR Llanwnnen, Llys Fan 1 803IP.ap J. Singer, Llysffin ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llysfaen uc}l.a' OS 1 834, Llysfane ucha, Llysfan ucha 1 83 9Th1S Ystrad, Llysfaenuchaf 1 844T�AS, Llysfaen-uchaf O S 1 89 1

MaesHwyd -(SN 5 1 3 - 5 1 1 ) [maes + lhvyd] ; l\1aes Llwyd 1 7 1 8 Peterwell M..S 9, Tir Clwtte yr Pollion als. M..aeslhvyd 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 , M..aes Lloyd 1 772 Castlehill l\1SS, l\1aesll\vyd 1 790PR Llanwnnen, l\1aeslhvyd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maes-hvyd OS 1 834, l\1aeshvyd 1 832PR Llanvronen, 1\.faeslhvyd 1 844TMS, l\1aes-llV.;yd O S 1 89 1

Maes-newydd -(SN 5 1 6-507)[maes + newydd] ; [mas'newi� J\1. Thomas] Glanrhyd ?, M..aesnewydd 1 826 Castlehill M..SS, Pen'lan O S 1 83 4, Maesne\:vydd 1 844TM..S, M..aes-g\V)T!l (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Y Maes newydd 1 898 Cyrrm1 vol. 1 4 p.205, M..asnewidd 1 90 1 Ystrad SF, Maes-g\\')'11 0 S c. 1 95 0, Maesnewydd OS 1 982

Daniel Evans 14.205].

(bn.

Daniel Ddu)

( 1 792-1 846) left A1.aesmynach

282

(25 a) to -

live

in A1aes-nelvydd [1898 Cymru:

( 1 6) GWYNIONYDD [velm'raber E. Evans, M. Hughes] Mill 1 8 1 4PR Llamvnnen, Abergrannell J\tfjll 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog, Felin OS 1 834,

Melinraber -(SN 534�463) [melin + tn. Aber[gmnell] ( 1 6-a) ] ; Felin OOS 1 8 l l , Aber

Felinraber 1 844TMS, Felin Aber (Corn) O S 1 89 1 , Felin yr Aber OS 1 904, Feli.11 Raber 1 93 1 Jo.hn Francis

1\1SS vol.2 p . l 0 1 Pant-y-wilco -(SN 5 1 1 -477) [pant + pn. \Vilco] ; [pant�'wdko E . Evans] Blaen-y-cwm OS 1 834, Pantywilco 1 844TMS, Pant-y-wilc.o OS 1 89 1 I n most likelihood

Wilco i s a hypocoristic the article is non-etymological.

form of the pn.

Wilcyn, c£ Cwmwilcyn (1 4-b);

if tb.is i s the case

Penlon -(SN 5 1 5-504)[pen + y + Ion] ;

Pen Lon OS 1 83 4,

Penlone 1 844Th1S, + y + nant] ;

Pen-y- ln'de:g J. D. & M Jones] Fron-deg OS 1 891 Frongoch -(SN 321 -542)[y + bron + coch] ; [vr:>IJ'go:x A. Jones] Allt-goch 1 840TMS, Alltgoch 1 842 R Evans MSS , Fron-goch 081 891 Alltgoch is the name of the adjacent slope westwards from this site; see Penrallt (17-a). Gamhwythog -(SN 358-540)[y + earn + *chwythog] ; [garn'wiO:>g G. Jones, garn'ujO:>g J. D. & M. Jones, garn G. Jones, garn (h)withog 1 948 GMG p. 1 64] Gamchwithog 1 779 REvans MSS, Gam Withog 1 779/80PR Llangrannog, Garn Hwithog 1 782PR Llangrannog, Garn Hwythog 1 784PR Llangrannog, Gam-whithog 1 793sur map, Camwithog OOS 1 81 1 , Carn-wythog O S 1 834, Carn-withog, Garn Withog 1 840TMS, Cnwc-eithinog (sic) OS1 891 , Garn­ wythog OS 1 904 There is are two adjectives, gwythog 'fierce', and gwythog 'veiny', but the occasional suggests an otherwise unattested *chwythog may mean 'blowing', referring to the wind, though I am not wholly convinced this is the meaning. Gat -(SN 3 55-5 1 0)[gat]; 291

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Gate New Inn 1 843 in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 86, T.P. OS 1 89 1 , New Inn Gate 1 904 J.Evans p. 376, (pn. ) Abram Gat fach 1 977 F.Jones p.38 Gilfach -(SN 339-546)[y + cilfach] ; [gilvax G. Jones, A. Jones] Gilfach O S1 89 1 Glangraig -(SN 332-5 5 l ) [glan + y + craig] ; [laiJ'grajg A . Jones, g lan'grajg G. Jones, glan graig 1 948 GMG p. 1 65] Glanygraig 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Twythin Glanygraig + Nanybem als. Tyr Nant y Pyrrion, Knwckynant, Knwckyfedwen, Tir y Goyfron, 'but now commonly called' Glan y Graig 1 782 M.Richardson MSS p. 399, Glangraig 1 783PR Llangrannog, Llanygraig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain-y-graig OS 1 834, Glan-y-graig OS 1 891 , Lan-graig OS 1 904, Glangraig OS 1 982 Cf hn. Bern; Prian (12-a). Glaslwyn -(SN 358-540)[glas + llwyn] ; Glaslwyn OS 1 982 Gwerfyl Bungalow -(SN 3 50-523) [tn. [Ffynnon]werfyl (l7-a) + E. bungalow] ; Wervil Bungalow OS 1 982 Gwei'Syll-yr-Urdd -(SN 326-547)[gwersyll + n. Yr Urdd] ; Gwersyll yr Urdd OS 1 982 The Welsh youth organisation Yi· Urdd 'the order' (a familiar abbreviation of Urdd Gobaith Cymrn 'the order of the hope of Wales', established by Ifan ab Owen Edwards in 1 922) bought Cefncwrt (17-a) in 1 968 [ 1 973 M. Davies: 84] . Gwndwn -(SN 361 �5 1 7)[gwndwn] ; [gundun 0. Rees] (c) Llain Mistreeve als. Llain yr Ymrysson 'in land of' Gwndwn 1 728 MRichardson MS 1 73, Tyddin y Gwndwn 1 75 8 M.Richardson MS 1 79, Gwndwn 1 760CF, Tir Gwndwn 1 762/63PR Llangrannog, Gwndwn 1793sur map, Gwndwn fawr OOS 1 8 1 1, Gwndwn OS 1 89 1 , Y Gwndwn 1 904 J.Evans p.243 As Llain Mistreeve is an alias of Llain yr Ymrysson 'the strip of contention', it is very tempting to equate the form mistreeve with misti.ff'mischief' [GPC s.v. mistiff], though the medial , and fmal are not easily explainable. Perhaps mistreeve is a cross-etymology of mischief and strife, cf mistry 'to deceive' (Devon) [EED s.v. mistry] . Rhal -(SN 3 1 3-540)[yr + hal]; [hra:l A. Jones] Halfawr 1 763-64 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, 'cott. called' Hall 1 804 MRichardson MSS p. 263, Hall lower, Hall middle, Hall upperlands 1 840TMS, Hall fach 1 841 cens. , Hall OS1 891 , (f.pn. ) Shan yr Hall 1 904 J.Evans p. 269, Yr Hal1 1 973 M.Davies p. 86, The Hall, Y Rhal 'ar lafar' 1 983 Gambo n. 7 b. c. 1 762 by Thomas Oliver from northern Pembrokeshire [ 1 983 Gambo: 7]; bears date 1 797 [ 1 973 M. Davies: 86] . Hendraws -(SN 329-53 6) [hen + traws]; [hendraws G. Jones, hendraws 1 948 GMG p. 1 64] Ren Drawst 1 755PR Llangrannog, Ren Dr�ws 1 756PR Llangrannog {GMG thought maybe } , Rendraws 1 757PR Llangrannog, Hendraws 1 773PR Llangrannog, Hendraws OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hen-draws 08 1 834, Hendrows, Hendraws 1 840TMS, Hen-draws OS1 891 Hendre -(SN 349-550) [hendre] ; Hendre OOS 1 81 1 Heol-y-garreg -(SN 335-539)[heol + y + carreg] ; Hoel y Garreg (sic) OS 1 982 A housing estate. Ietwen -(SN 328-535) [iet + gwen]; let-wen OS1 89 1 , Green Park OS 1 904 Named after Green Park (London) [inf.]. Ivy House -(SN 33 1 -537) [E. ivy + house]; [ejvi'haws G. Jones] Ivy House OS1 89 1 Llaincomicyll -(SN 340-5 1 5) [llain + y + cornicyll]; Llain y Corn Hiccyll 1 769-70 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 68, (c) Llain y Cyrniccil, Cae Cyrniccill (prox. ) 1787sur map, Canys Hill, Clayculffet OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain-gilffet O S 1 834, Llain-giffet OS 1 89 1 , Llain­ cornicyll OS 1 904 The names of adj oining houses of Llaincomicyll, and Clai-mawr seem inextricably confused, but they are shown as different places in two sets of maps (1 787 and 1 89 1). It is unclear whether the element 292

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS cornicyll originally applied to Clai-mawr (thus getting Llain Comicyll as a dependent cottage) or whether Cyrniccil cott. of 1 787 means the Clai-mawr was a cottage of [Llain]cornicyll. The confusion is borne by the map of 1 8 1 1 which has both Canys Hill [i. e. Cornicyll] and Clayculffet [i. e. Llaingilffet]. In all events, the name Llaingilffet replaced Llaincornicyll in the nineteenth century, the noun ci(ffet 'guilty look', seemingly having some jocular reference: £lkdfet, £lkilfeO 'euogrwydd, golwg euog, golwg angharedig, yswildod' (Cei-newydd) [ 1 934a I. I. Gl. Davies: 667] ; "cilffet guilty look 'Odd rhyw hen gilffet amo fe'. 'He had a shifty look'. " (Llandysul) [ 1 962 WFM MS 1 1 04]; "Yr oedd rhyw 'gilffet' arno; am hynny rhaid ei fod yn euog o rywbeth cywilyddus;" (Capelcynon) [ 1 928 in 1 945 T. I. Thomas: 89] ; cf Gilffet (9-a); see Clai-mawr (17-a), Clai-bach (1 7-a). Llainsied -(SN 3 34-524)[llain + sied] ; [11m J e:d, g lanJe:d G. Jones, llain shed 1 948 GMG p. 1 66] =

Llain Shed cott. 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Llainshade OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llainshed 1 81 3PR Llangrannog, Llainshead 1 823PR Llangrannog, Llain-shed 1 840TMS, Llain-shed OS 1 89 1

Llainwen

-(SN 322- 5 3 1 )[llain + gwen] ;

Llain 1 803map J. Singer, Llainwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain-wen O S 1 834, Llain-wen O S 1 891

Llainwennol -(SN

3 3 5-525) [1lain + y + gwennol] ; [ian wen;ll J. D . & M. Jones] '

Llain-wennol OS 1 89 1

LLANGRANNOG -(SN 3 1 6-540)[llan + pn. Carannog] ; [ � reglus A Jones] '

Speluncam Edilv ? c. l 1 00(1 200) Uita Carantoci

(I)

p. 1 42, Gogof 1 284 CalChartR p. 275, Gogoffe 1 29 1

Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Cogof 1 299 CalPR p . 405, 'rectorem' Gogof et d e Landessylyo 1 3 55 NLW M S 1 404-E p. 1 1 2, Gogeve 1 496 ERSt-David p. 762, Gogoff 1 5 3 5

VE

p . 3 94, Gogo 1 53 5

VE

p. 407, Gogo 1 5 64

Bronwydd MSS, P. Kranoc c. 1 566EPC {v. l. GMG} , P. Kranoc c. 1 566EPC, Llanrannok 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanronok 1 58 0map C. S axton, Llangranock 1 5 85 NLW MS 753 1 (GMG), Llan Kranoc l 5909 1 EPC, Llangrannog 1 601 Crosswood MSS, Llan Grannog 1 602 G. Owen vo1.4 p. 472, Llangarannog 1603 in BBCS vol. 7 p. 3 1 6, Llangrannogg 1 605 Prob. St-David, Llangranoge 1 6 1 0map J. Speed (var. ) in 1 94 8 GMG p . 1 5 5, Llangrannoge 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 96, Llangranog 1 62 5 Nouadd MSS , Llangarannogge 1 677 Coleman MSS, Llangrannog 1 68 8 NLW M S 1 3 5 29-A, Llangyranog 1 725-29 Almanac Sion Rhydderch (GMG), Langrannog 1 734PR Penbryn, Llangarrannog 1 73 6PR Aberporth, Llangranog 1 748rnap L.Morris, Langrafiog 1 760PR Aberporth, Llangranock

1 760map E.Bowen,

Chlanngrannog 1 776map M Mackenzie, Llangranog Church 1 793 sur map, Llan Garanog 1 799EPC, Llangranwg als. Llangranog 1 803map J. S inger, Llangranwg 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 224, Llangranog OOS1 8 1 1 , Llan Granwg 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Granwg, Llan Garannog 1 823PR Llanf:thangel-y­ creuddyn, Llangranog (Llan-garanog) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol 2 p.48, Llangranog, St. Caranog's Ch. (Rectory) O S 1 89 1 One can see fr o m the accumulated forms that the present name i s only evidenced i n the sixteenth century, the name of the place before then being

(Speluncam Edilv)

where

Carannog

Gogo

'cave'. One may hypothesise that this is the cave

is said to have withdrawn to live as a hermit according to his

Life,

but it may have been another cave. The cave is not supposed to be the one that is well-known to visitors on

but another shown by the OS map

Traeth-mawr ( 17-b),

nhw'n gweud bod ogo

Gogo

an alias of

Wig

og ;,

[1904] above the church at SN 3 1 7-540, " oen Jones] . Blaen Dyffrin

tu ol yr eglwys, Ian tua hanner ffordd i'r top" [inf. A

is the parish name used as a distinguisher rather than as the name of the river or

valley. N. Carlisle

[ 1 81 1 : xxxv] was far from the mark when he explained "Gogo, i.e. gweddio, to pray. " ; see sub Llandysulio Gogo ( 1 8-a). Dedicated t o Carannog, o f whom there are two surviving Lives [c. l l OO (1 200) Uita Camntoci (1); Uita Cantoci (II)] ; G[1ryl] Gyrrannog on the fifteenth of May [1 500% Dem.Calend.] . In Uita Carantoci (I) he is wrongly identified with the Irish saint Cairnech (Cernach) of Dulane (Co. Meath) (1 994 P. 6 Riain: 388]. P. 6 Riain [ 1 994: 388] also seems to incorrectly equate him with the Irish saint

Carthach,

for

Carthach

corresponds to

Caradog in Welsh,

not

Carannog.

As for

Carthach's feast-day -

on the fourteenth of May - unless it is a coincidence, it may have been borrowed by Welsh clerics from

Carannog a feast-day, cf Caron (sub Tregaron, 33-a). P. 6 Riain's supposition [ 1 994: 388] that: "Possibly, therefore, Carannog, represented the ancestral deity/saint of the (Irish) people

an Irish calendar to give

of Ceredigion. " is palpably nonsense on more than one count; cf

Capelcrannog (see

sub

Glanpwllafon,

79-a), Rhosgrannog (Llandeloy) [1 992 PN Pembs: 222]; Guerit Carantauc (unlocated) 'where Carannog rested sometime' [c.1 100(1200) Uita Carantoci (II): 148], g�-Veryd being a now obsolete word meaning 'soil, earth, land, grave'. The fair of Llangrannog was held on the s ixteenth of May [ 1 930 J. E. J. Jones: 105] ; was held on the twenty-seventh of May, i. e. on the sixteenth of May according to the old calendar [ 1 973 M. Davies: 62] ;

293

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Ffair Glangaea ' held at Llangrannog

village until it was removed to New Inn, upon the opening of the

[ 1 983 Gambo: 6] ; became Ffair New Inn ( 1 930 J. E. J. Jones: 1 05] ; Ffair Glangaea' New Inn [ 1 983 Gambo: 6) . Church reb. 1 884-85 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 77; 1 983 Gambo: 6] . Comprising: 1 ) Banc-y-felin, 2) Blaenddol, 3) Bodwenog, 4) Bryngobaith, S) Capelcrannog, 6) Craig-y-don (8-a), 7) Dolmeddyg, 8) Felin-isa, 9) Ffatri Glanrhaeadr, 10) FfY:nnonfair, 1 1 ) Rhal, 1 2) Penbont, 1 3) Pengerwyn, 1 4) Pentre, I S) Pentre-isa, 1 6) Pentre­ ucha, 1 7) Seaview, 1 8) Ship, 1 9) Ship-and-anchor. Llety-Cymro -(SN 3 53- 549)[1lety + yr + en. Cymro] ; [1-eti J. D. & M. Jones] turnpike road

Tythyn Lletty y Cymro 1 708 MRichardson MS 1 68 , Lletty Cwmras 1 760CF, Lletty Cymro 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Lletty'r Cymro

1 783PR Llangrannog,

Llatycymro

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lletty Cimbro

1 8 14

MRichardson MS S p. 403 , Lletty-r-cymro O S 1 834, Lletty, Lutty 1 840TMS, Lletty'r-cymro O S 1 89 1 , Llletty'r-cymro (sic) O S 1 904, Llettycymro 0Sc. 1 950, gambo'r Llety Cymro 1 96 1 Genhinen p. 7 1 In such a Welsh area, such a name i s almost nonsensical, unless i t b e some joking reference that

is now A probability is that it contains an abbreviated form of an epithet, such as is found for 'Dafydd Gymro' in Puncheston (Pembs.) in 1 3 26 [1 965b M. Richards: 41], though it must be admitted that Puncheston in medieval times was more in contact with Englishmen than Llangrannog. Llety-rhew -(SN 3 1 5-536) [llety + yr + rhew] ; [leti'hrew G. W. Jones, leti'rew, now gerlan A Jones] obscure.

Lletty'r Llwyd-rhew OS 1 834, Lletty Llwydrew 1 84 1 cens. , Lletty-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Lletty-rhiw OS 1 904

Llwyncelyn

-(SN 348-546)[llwyn + celyn] ;

Llwyncelyn 1 840TMS, Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1

Lochdyn -(SN 3 1 4-544) [ ?

];

[bztm, bzdm G.

Jones,

�'l:lzbn A

Jones] ;

Elychton ? 1 3 02-03rent ns. 7-8, Clychton ? 1 3 02-03 {v.l. W.Rees} , Llochdyn 1 750/5 1 PR Llangrannog, Llochdyn 1 75 1 /52PR Llangrannog, Lochtyn 1 75 2/53PR Llangrannog, Llochtyn 1 757/58PR Llangrannog, Lochtin 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Lochdyn 1 763PR Llangrannog, Lochtyn 1 766 CD, Lochtyn 1 797PR LlandysuL Lochtyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llochtyn O S 1 834, Lochtyn OS 1 89 1 , Lochtyn O S 1 904, J.Evans p. 269, Lochdyn 0Sc. 1 950,

Y

Lochtyn 1 904

(c) o Fane y Lochtyn (prox. ) 1 98 9 RJones p. 279

Though there are a number of spellings with initial

, the initial of the majority of forms,

as well

as the pronunciation makes it unlikely that this is a traditional Welsh place-name (though an elided initial syllable could explain that, cf. Logyn, 2-a). It has been thought that the name contains I. loch [ 1 868 B. Williams: 109] . In the absence of any suggestion as to the meaning of *loch, I will compare this name to similar Pembrokeshire names: Lochmeilyr (Llandeloy), Lochmeyler 1 326 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 221] ; Lochtyif fin (Mathry) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 273]; Lochfaen (Brawdy), Llachmayn 1 326 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 200], which B. G. Charles (1992: 273] also derives from I. loch, showing it to have been known in sixteenth-century Pembrokeshire English as Iough 'pool' (as well as in the English of Northumberland [E . Phillimore in 1 936 H. Owen: 4.419]). Whilst an Irish term seems the likeliest for the Pembrokeshire place-names, it seems much less likely in the Llangrannog area, which had none of the specific contacts with Ireland that medieval Pembrokeshire had. Another attempt at explaining of the Dane'

Lochdyn

as " evidently a corruption of Lochlyn or

Llychlyn

'chief fort

[ 1 860 AC: 58] needs to be rejected; see Pendinas Lochdyn (1 7-b). The equation by M. Richards

[1969a: 83 ] of the medieval Elychton or Clychton with Lochdyn is not wholly assured, though both were in Caerwedros commote. Whilst the initial letter of the name in the medieval manuscript can be equally read

or (for compare Emoyl of the manuscript [ 1 302-03rent: 9a] , = MnW. Y Moe!), the seems less suitable for Lochdyn as a reflex, unless is for MnW. . If we are persist in equating the medieval Elychton!Clychton with Lochdyn, then we need to read *Elychten/ *Clychten (for the use of for in the manuscript, cf sub Cawres, 3-a). All this does not advance us very much with a meaning for the name Lochdyn, though it suggests that *Lychdyn preceded the form Lochdyn ( cf. retraction of [�] to [ :l] before [z]). Lochlan -(SN 3 3 0-543)[I . tn. Lochlann] ; [bzlan G. Jones, A Jones, bzland G. Jones, loch/an 1 948 GMG as capital

reading with

p. 1 65] Lochland Villa 1 875sur. landowners p. 5, Lochland Villa 1 880PR Penbryn, Llachlan Villa OS 1 89 1 , Llachlan Villa O S 1 904

Loch/ann

is the Irish for Scandinavia (cf. W.

Llychlyn ) . A

captain lived here before, named the house

G. Jones] ; the ship may have been built at Llangrannog, and the name influenced by the supposed etymology of Lochdyn ( 17-a). Maerdy -(SN 3 54-526)[maerdy] ; [merdi G. Jones, mardi G. Jones, J. D. & M Jones] after his ship [inf.

294

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Merdy 1 758PR Llangrannog, Mer Dy 1 763/64PR Llangrannog, Meyrdy 1 765PR Llangrannog, Merdy 1 775map R Jones, Meirdu 1 793sur map, Mardy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maerdy O S 1 834, Maerdy OS 1 89 1 , Mardy 1 939 R Mynachlog p. 1 7, a'r Merdy 1 966 D.I.Jones p.49 For the vocalism of merdi and the many late eighteenth-century spellings identical to 1 758, cf. Clunmaerdy (SN 54-35, Llidiardnennog, Carms.), noted Clynmerdy on OS maps, Maerdy-bach (SN 77-30, Myddfai, Carms.), noted Merdy bach [ 1 991 D. B. James: 66-67, 229 ], and Faerdre-fawr (14-a). Maerdy-bacb -(SN 3 52-523)[maerdy (+ bach)]; [mardi ba:x J. D. & M. Jones] �erdy-cottages + Smithy OS 1 89 1 , �erdy Forge OS 1 982 Maes-y-bryn -(SN 3 59-52 1 )[maes + y + bryn] ; Maes-y-Bryn OS 1 982 Maescregyn -(SN 329-544) [maes + tn [Tre]cregyn (l7-a)]; [majsa'kregm A Jones] Maes-cregyn OS 1 89 1 , Maes-y-cregin OS 1 904, Maes Cregin 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 3 5 8 Maes-y-ffynnon -(SN 344-5 1 9) [maes + y + ffynnon]; Maes-y-fiYnnon OS 1 982 Refers to Fjjmnonweiful (17-a). Maes-y-pentre -(SN 336-539)[maes + y + pentref] ; Maes-y-pentre OS1 891 Maesteg( i) -(SN 341 -520)(New Inn)[maes + teg]; [ma·s'te:g M. Thomas] �es-teg OS1 891 Maesteg( ii) -(SN 3 5 1 -525)(Pentre-gat)[maes + teg] ; Maesteg OS 1 982 Millview Road -(SN 327-541 )(E. mill + view + road]; Millview Road OS 1 982 Refers to Felin-ucha (1 7-a). Nantllo -(SN 343-526)[ nant + y + llo]; [nan'ro: G. Jones] Tythyn Nant y Llo als. Tyr y Skybor 1 597 Nouadd MS S, Tir Nant y Llo 1 625 Nouadd MSS , Nant-y-llo 1 775map R Jones, Nantllo 1 783PR Llangrannog, Nantllo issa OOS 1 81 1 , Nant-llo 081 834, Nantllo-ishaf, Nant-llo-isha 1 840TMS, Nant-llo OS 1 891 Nantllo-facb -(SN 346-527)[nant + y + llo (+ bach)]; [nant,io:'va:x, nan,lo:'va:x Jones] Nantllo ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-llo-ucha, Nantllo uchaf 1 840TMS, Nantllo-ffich OS 1 891 Nantu-bach -(SN 320-533)[nant + du (+ bach)] ; [nanti'ba:x G. Jones] Nanty bach 1 66 1 Nouadd MSS, Nanty bach, Nanty fach 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Nanty-bach 1 806 in 1 793 sur map, Nanty bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantissa als. Nantybach 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Nant-ty­ bach OS 1 834, Nanty-ishaf, Nanty issaf 1 840TMS, Nant-ty-bach OS 1 89 1 , Nanty-bach OS 1 904 Nantu-mawr -(SN 320-526)[nant + du (+ mawr)] ; [nanti mowr G. Jones] Nanty mawr 1 78 1PR Llangrannog, Nanty mr. 1 787PR Llangrannog, Nanty mawr 1 798 in 1 793sur map, Nant-du 1 8thcent. in RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p . 94 1 , Nantdu 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 226, Nanty mawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantycha als. Nantymawr 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Nant-ty-mawr OS 1 834, Nanty­ ucha, Nanty uchaf 1 840TMS, Nant-ty-mawr O S 1 89 1 , Nanty-mawr OS1 904 This refers to the stream called Nant Cwmhwbwb (d). Nantu-parc -(SN 322-531 )[tn. Nantu (1 7-a) + E. park]; Nant-y-pare OS 1 89 1 , Nanty-pare OS 1 904 Nantu ViDa -(SN 321 -530) [tn. Nantu (1 7-a) + E. villa]; Nanty Villa OS 1 904 New Inn -(SN 337-520)[E. new + inn] ; New Inn 1 787sur map, New Inn 1 793sur map, New Inn, 'formerly' Tyrnantcoch 1 792 MRichardson MSS p.402, New Inn 1 803map J. Singer, New Inn 008 1 8 1 1 , New Inn O S 1 834, New Inn OS1 89 1 , (n. ) Ffair New Inn 1 93 0 J.E. J.Jones p. 1 05, (n. ) Ffair Glangaea' New Inn 1 983 Gamba n. 6 The inn was b. 1 772 [ 1 891 TS 1 6/01/91 ], after the turnpike road was built [ 1 787sur map] . The former name Tir Nantcoch does not appear to have any connection with Nantcoch (8-a), 2. 5km to the SE, and may well contain an alias of the uppermost reaches of the river Ceri. Pant-y-gelli -(SN 333-535)[pant + y + celli] ; [ panta'gcli G. Jones] Pantygelly 1 739 Aberglasney MS 91, Panty Gelly 1 784 M.Richardson MSS p. 400, Pantygelly OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-y-gelli OS 1 834, Pant-y-gelly 1 840TMS, Pant-y-gelli-fawr OS 1 89 1 '

'

295

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Pant-newydd -(SN 329-543)[pant + newydd] ; [pant'newi, pant G. Jones, i·r'pant A Jones] Pant-newydd OS 1 891 Pant-yr-onnen -(SN 334-537)[pant + yr + onnen]; Pant-y-ronnen 1 840TMS Pant-teg -(SN 339- 5 19)[pant + teg] ; Panteg, (c) Park yr Hendy (below) 1 787sur map, Panteg OOS 1 8 1 1, Pant-teg OS1 834, Pant-teg OS 1 891 Penrallt -(SN 322-538)[pen + yr + allt] ; fpe'rallt 1 948 GMG p. 1 69] Penyrallt 1765PR Llangrannog, Penrallt 1 781PR Llangrannog, Penralt 1 787PR Llangrannog, Penyrallt 'formerly called' Di:ffrin Alltcoch 1 804 M.Richardson MSS p.263, Pen 'r Allt 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'rallt OS1 834, Penrallt, Pinrallt 1 840TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 891 See Frongoch (17-a). Penrallt-fach -(SN 323-537)[pen + yr + alit (+ bach)] ; Penralltfach OS 1 982 Penbont -(SN 3 1 6-540)[pen + y + pont] ; (pen'b:mt A Jones] Pen y Bont (sign) PenffYnnon -(SN 348-53 7)[pen + y + ffynnon]; [pen'fm:m + ti:r'huper (prox. ) G. Jones] Pen-ffynnon OS 1 891 Pengerwyn -(SN 3 1 5-540)(pen + y + cerwyn]; [pen'geron L. Jenkins, A. Jones, now called mki'nuk A Jones] Pengerwn 1 884 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.20 The name Pengerwyn is now given to one of the two joined houses called ka�l'r::lk at SN 3 1 5-540; it was originally the house on the lane to Lochdyn ( 1 7-a) [ inf. A Jones] . Penlan-ganoi -(SN 3 59-5 1 3)[pen + y + glan (+ canol)]; cott. 1 787sur map, Pen-lan-ganol OS1 891 Penlan-fach -(SN 360-5 1 3) [pen + y + glan (+ bach)]; [pe,lan'va:x; M. Thomas] Pen-lan-fiich OS1 891 Penlan-ucha -(SN 3 56-5 1 3)[pen + y + glan (+ uchaf)] ; Penlan ucha 1 787sur map, Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan-ucha 1 840TMS, Pen-lan-uchaf OS1 891 Half in Llangrannog parish and half in Penbryn parish. Penlon -(SN 335-537)(Pontgarreg)[pen + y + Ion] ; Penlone 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Pen Lon 1 782PR Llangrannog, Penlone OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penlone Llangranog 1 825PR Llangynllo, Penlon OS1 834, Penlone 1 840TMS, Pen-lon OS1 89 1 , (pn.) Bencha Penlone c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62 Penlon Cefncwrt -(SN 326-544)[pen + y + lon + tn. Cefncwrt (17-a)] ; [pen'lo:n, i,belo:n,keven'kurt A Jones] Penlone Cefencwrt 1 84 1 cens., Pen-lon OS1 891 Penrhiw -(SN 3 3 8-535)[pen + y + rhiw]; Penrhiw OS 1 891 Pentre -(SN 3 1 0-54l)[tn. Pentre (Manordeifi, Pembs.)] ; [�'pentre, lipan'agk:Jr A Jones] (cs1-4) Ship and Anchor 1 840TMS, Ship on Anchor 1 904 J.Evans p . 3 8 1 , The Ship and Anchor als. Eisteddfa House 1 982 J. G.Jenkins p.23 , Pentre Arms (P. H.) OS 1 89 1 , The Pentre Arms 1 903 G.E.Evans p.76, Y Pentre Arms 1 984 Gambo n. 1 3 , Y Pentre 1 989 RJones p. 270 b.c. 1 765 as Eisteddfa House, later became known as Ship-and-anchor [1982 CER: 9. 1 13]; b.c. 1 760 [1 983 Gambo: 6] . Named after Pentre (SN 23-40, Manordeifi, Pembs.), whose owner, D. A Saunders, was a landowner in Llangrannog [1 984 Gambo: 13]. PENTRE-GAT -(SN 3 54- 5 1 9)[pentref + yr + gat] ; [pentre'ga:t G. Jones, L. Jenkins, J. D. & M. Jones, 0. Rees, D. Davies] Pentre-gat OS 1 89 1 , Capel FfYnnon c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 5 1 , Y Gat als. Capel FfYnnon, Y Gat, (c) Sgwar y Gat 1 966 D.I.Jones p.41 Comprising: 1) Capelffynon n, 2) Capelgwndwn(i), 3) Gat Pentre-isa -(SN 3 1 1 -541 )[pentre (+ isaf)]; The Beach Village 1 982 J. G.Jenkins p.22, Beach Village 1 983 Gambo n.6 This settlement developed as a result of shipbuilding, the earliest known ship was built in 1 787 [1 982 CER: 9. 121}. This was called Beach Village till the 1 850s [1983 Gambo: 6] . Pentre-ucha -(SN 3 1 6-540)[pentre (+ uchaf)] ; [pentre'IJc:a A Jones] The . . . Church Village 1 982 J.G.Jenkins p. 22 296

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS This was the original village of Llangrannog centred around the church and the mill. PONTGARREG -(SN 3 3 7-54 1 ) [y + pont + carreg] ; [p:lg'kareg G. Jones] Bont Gareg 1 786PR L1angrannog, Bont Garreg 1 787PR Llangrannog, Pont Gerrig OOS 1 81 1 , Pont-garet OS 1 83 4, Pont-garreg 1 840TMS, Pont-gareg OS 1 89 1 The present bridge b. 1 865 (SN 337-54 1 ) [ 1 978 CER: 8.336] . Comprising: 1 ) Bronawen, 2 ) Dyffryn, 3 ) Ffynnonddewi, 4 ) Heol-y-garreg, 5 ) Maes-y-pentre, 6) Siop Pontgarreg, 7 ) Ysgol Pontgarreg. PwU-y-hwil -(SN 3 5 1 -54l ) [pwll + y + chwil] ; [pui� wi:l, pma'hwi:l G. Jones, pwl/ y (h)wi/ 1 948 GMG p. 1 70] Pwll y Wil 1 8 1 4PR Llanllwchaearn, Pwll-y-wil O S 1 834, Pwly-wheel 1 840TMS, Pwllywheel 1 841 cens. , Pwll-y-chw11 OS 1 891 , Pwllywheel OS 1 982 Rectory -(SN 3 1 9-539)[E. rectory] ; [rekt�ri, now bola'h:lJl A. Jones] Vicarage 1 840TMS, Rectory OS 1 89 1 Rhandir -(SN 359-545)[rhandir]; [hrand1r J. D. & M Jones] Rhandir 1 840TMS, Rhandir OS 1 891 Rhydclomennod -(SN 3 26-540)[rhyd + y + colomennod]; [hrid,k:lb'men:ld + farm A. Jones] Rhyd y Clomennod 1 754PR Llangrannog, Rhyd y Colommennod 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Rhyd y Colomennod 1 760CF, Rhyd y Clomennod 1 762 MRichardson MSS p. 398, Pigeonsford 1 762 in 1 93 1 E.Hope (GMG), Pigeonsfford 1 774 Pengelli MSS, Pigeonsford 1 776 Aberglasney MS 1 28, Pigeonford 1 783PR Llangrannog, Pigeons Ford 1 803map J. Singer, Pidgeonsford 1 804 M.Richardson MSS p. 263 , Pigeon's Ford 'called in Welsh' Rhyd Clymenog 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 229, Pigeonsford O S 1 834, Pigeon's Ford OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd Colomenog 'pron.' Clymenog 1 936 H. Owen vol. 4 p.473 , Rhydycolomennod 1 946 T.Beynon p. 53, Pigeonsford Farm 0Sc. l 950, 'locally pronounced' Rhyd Clymennog 1 963 MRichards p.220, Rhyd Colomennod 1 966 D.I. Jones p.21 , Rhydcolomennod + Pigeonsford O S 1 982 Rhyd Nantu -(SN 320-530) [rhyd + tn. Nantu (17-a)]; [ hri:d'nanti G. Jones] Rhyd Nanty 1 81 9PR Llangrannog, Rhyd-nanty OS 1 834, Rhyd-nant-tY OS 1 891 , Rhyd-nanty OS 1 904 Rhydnouadd -(SN 342-523)[rhyd + y + neuadd]; Rhyd Noyadd OS1 834, Rhydywerfil 1 84 1 cens. , Rhyd-neuadd OS 1 891 Inexistent [os 1 904] . Rhyd-yr-ysgwydd -(SN 3 39-52 1 )[rhyd + yr + ysgwydd] ; Ryd yr Ysswydd 1 73 2/33 GTM MSS p.41 , Rhydyrysgwydd 1 772-73 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 70, Rhyd yr Ysgwidd, Rhyd yr Ysgwydd 1 787sur map, Rhydyrysgwydd 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn, Rhydwisgwith, Rhyd-yr-is­ gwydd 1 840TMS, Rhydyrysgwydd 1 84 1 cens., Rhyd-yr-ysgwydd OS 1 89 1 , Dolau Ceri (sign) In ruins [ os 1 904] . Ronwy-isa -(SN 332-53 7) [pn. Gronwy (+ isaf) ] ; Ronw-isaf OS 1 904 Ronwy-ucha -(SN 332-533)[pn. Gronwy (+ uchaf)] ; [ronw 1 948 GMG p. 1 7 1 ] Ronw 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Ronow c. 1 783 Ty-llwyd M S 278 (GMG), Ronow 1 784 M.Richardson MSS p.400, Gronw 1 840TMS, Ronw + Llainronw + Penlanronw 1 841 cens., Ronw OS 1 89 1 , Ronw-uchaf O S 1 904, Llainronw (prox.) 1 907 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 85 The irregular lenition of pn. Gronwy seems evidenced by Rwgan ( 17-a), but one is tempted in this case to ascribe the lenition to a preceding feminine noun which has been dropped in the place-name; cf Gynon (St Nicholas), Tregynon 1 768 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 335 ] . Saint David -(SN 3 53-544) [E. saint + pn. David] ; St. David's Church OS 1 904, St. David's, Brynhyfryd 1 907 T. W.Barker p. 77, Mission Church of St. David's, Brynhyfryd 1 9 1 5 CAST vol. 2 p.39 b. l 894, licensed 1 897, cons. l 9 1 4 [ 1 9 1 5 CAST: 2.39] . Salamanca -(SN 349-537)[tn. Salamanca (Spain)] ; Salamanca OS 1 834, Salamanca O S 1 89 1 Seaview -(SN 3 1 1 -540)[E. sea + view] ; [si·'VIW A Jones] Sea-view OS 1 89 1 A terrace o f houses. Originally built by coastguards. Other houses in this row named br:ln'wrlva, tal 'arv:lr, g :ll'IQV:lr (the last being a translation of Seaview) [inf. A Jones] . Ship -(SN 3 1 1 - 54 1 ) [E. ship]; [i- r'fip, Jip'm A. Jones] (cs541-45) Ship 1 840TMS, Ship 1 84l cens. , lnn (ii) OS 1 891 , Tafarn y Ship 1 983 Gambo n. 7 '

297

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS See sub Pentre (17-a). Siop Pontgarreg -(SN 3 3 5-542)[siop + tn. Pontgarreg (1 7 a)] ; [f:lp,p:lg'kareg G. Jones] St. David's Villa 0Sc. l 950 Soar -(SN 3 55-542)[Bibl.tn. Zoar]; Soar OS 1 89 1 , Fron-y-Garth OS 1 904 Soar-fach -(SN 3 5 5-542)[Bibl.tn Zoar (+ bach)]; [so·ar'va:x J. D. & M Jones] Garthowen OS 1 982 Stanle -(SN 3 1 9-54l) [E.n Stanley]; [standle, standli A Jones] Standley 1 841 cens., Standle OS 1 89 1 , Standle OS1 904 E. Stanley is a surname derived from a number of villages of that name (Derbs., Durham, Gloucs., Staff's., Wilts., WRYorks.) [DES: 424] ; cf. Stanle (8-a). Tafarnsgawen -(SN 362-520)[tafarn + yr + ysgawen] ; [tavarn'skawen G. Jones] Tavam Yseawen 1 779/80PR Llangrannog, Tafarn Yscawen 1 780/81 PR Llangrannog, Tafarn Ysgawen 1783PR Llangrannog, Tavam Ysgawen 1 784PR Llangrannog, Tavaryscawen 1 788PR Llangrannog, Tavern Yscawen 1 758 MRichardson MSS p. l 79, (c) Park Tavern y Sgawen 1 793sur map, Tafarn Ysgawen 1803map J.Singer, Llwynysgaw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tafam Ysgawen OS 1 834, Llwyniscaw 1 840TMS, Llwynysgawen 1 841 cens. , Tafarn-yscawen OS 1 89 1 , Tavarnsgawen OS 1 904 I suspect the influence of the temperance movement for the replacement from 1 8 1 1 onwards of the usual name by Llwynysgaw or Llwynysgawen (the coupling of a singular form of a tree-name with llwyn, as I have explained under Llwynwemen (22-a), is not usual in traditional place-names). Tanllyn -(SN 344-534)[tan + y + llyn] ; [tan'hn G. Jones] Tan-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Bryndewi inf. Bryndewi is a new house adjacent to Tanllyn. Trecregyn-east -(SN 33 1 -543)[tref + yr + cregyn (+ E. east)] ; [tre:,kregm'i:st G. Jones, tre,kregm'i:st A Jones] Trecregin fach ? 1 78 1PR Llangrannog, Tre-cregyn-east, Tregeg:in East 1 840TMS, Tre-cregyn-east OS 1 89 1 Trecregyn-ganol -(SN 3 3 0-545)[tref + yr + cregyn (+ canol)] ; [tre:,kregm'gan:ll G. Jones, tre,kregm'gan:ll A Jones] New House OS 1 89 1 , Trecregin OS 1 904, Trecregyn ganol 0Sc. l 950, Trecregin ganol OS 1 982 Trecregyn-north -(SN 330-546)[tref + y + cregyn (+ E. north)] ; Trecregin 1 760CF, Tre Craigin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tre'r cregyn OS 1 834, Tre-cregin-north 1 840TMS, Tre­ cregyn-north OS 1 89 1 , Tre-cregyn North 08 1 982, Tregregin 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 358 I assume that cregyn here is a figurative allusion to its site which adjoins the seashore, just as with Trecregyn (5-a). However, in the case of Trecregyn (5-a) a local author wrote [1 890 TS 1 9/1 2/90] : "Cregin here, however, means an escarpment of rock, and there is such a rock close by on the north side of the house: " , a description which could also be applied to the Llangrannog Trecregyn. There is no securely attested cregyn 'rock', but it is not too fanciful an etymology as the word craig 'rock' is ultimately an affected variant of a CC. crac-, cf. B. krag 'sandstone' [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 440] (tn. Ar C 'hragou (Scrignac, Finistere), which is simply a rocky crest); nwE. crag 'rock' [ 1 956 EPNE: 1 . 1 1 1 ] which looks to me like a Brittonic survival like torr in south-western England. While EPNE thinks it may, feasibly, have been loaned from 01. crec (Vendryes: C-225], Mnl. creag 'rock' [DIL s.v. crec], Vendryes thought the Irish word could itself have been loaned from Brittonic. There are other attestations of crogen (the singular of cregyn, superseded by cragen (GPC s.v. cragen]) which have no connection with the sea, e. g. Crogen (Glynceiriog, Denbs.; Llandderfel, Mers.); hn. Cregan (Glarus.), Cragan 1 205 [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 59] ; hn. Cregennan (Mers.) Cragenan 1326, Cregennan (Denbs.) -cregenna 1 3 3 5 [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 60] ; tn. Nant-y-gragen (SN 42-34, Llanflhangel-ar-arth, Carms.), Nant-y-gregyn [081 834]; Llwyncregyn (Cilgerran) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 358] . R J. Thomas [ 1 93 8 : 60] explains the hns. Cregennan as streams replete with shells, comparing the I.tn Sligeach (E. Sligo) as meaning 'shelly' [1 988 A Room: 1 14], however, as the river at Sligo is large and estuariaL where one would expect shellfish, I do not believe any of the Welsh hydronyms with creg- can be similarly explained. I believe the cregyn in Castellcregyn (39-a) has an altogether different meaning, viz 'sherds of pottery', which meaning is feasible for some of the other places with containing cregyn. Trecregyn-west -(SN 330-545)[tref + yr + cregyn (+ E. west)] ; [tre: ,kregm'west G. Jones] Tregeg:in West, Tre-cregyn-west 1 840TMS, Tre-cregyn West OS1 89 1 -

298

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Tredwr -(SN

3 3 1 -540)[tref + yr + d\Vr];

[tre: 'du:r G.

Jones,

tre'du:r A

Jones]

Troydwr 1 73 9 in 1 93 1 E.Hope p. 3 (GMG), Tre yr Dwr 1 762 M Richardson MSS p. 3 98, Tredwr 1 773PR Llangrannog, Treyrdwr 1 792 M Richardson MSS p.402, Tredwr OOS 1 81 1 , Tre-dwr O S 1 834, Tredwr 1 840TMS, Tre-dWt- O S 1 8 9 1

Trem-y-wawr -(SN 3 5 1 -546) [trem + y + gwawr] ; Trem-y-wawr O S 1 982

Troedrhiwgam

-(SN 3 1 6-5 3 7) [troed + y + rhiw + cam] ;

[tr�dnw'gam

G. Jones,

trodru'gam

we called it,

otherwise leti'kran�g A Jones] Cwm cotts 1806 in 1 793sur map, Cwm Bubbub O OS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 834, Troed-rhiw-gawr 1 840TMS, Vicarage + Lletty Cranog + Troedrhiw 1 84 1 cens. , Lletty Caranog 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 77, Troed-rhiw-gam O S 1 904, Lletty Cranog Cottage 1 907 T.W. Barker p. 77, 'cott. ' Lletty C'rannog 1 936 H. Owen vol.4 p.473, Llety Cranog 'later known as' Troedrhiwgam 1 973 M.Davies p. 1 8 The older name of this place appears to have been

Cwmhwbwb ( cf. Nant Cwmhwbwb, d). The vicarage [ 1 973 M. Davies: 1 8] , whence - I assume - came the figurative alias Llety­ Crannog 'Carannog's cell' [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 77] ; 'Carannog's lodging or shanty' [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4 473] . Troedrhiwllety -(SN 3 56-547)[troed + y + rhiw + tn. Llety[ -Cymro] (17-a)] ; was b. 1 767 by Rev. J. Rees

.

Troed-rhiw-llethr OS 1 89 1 The location o f this site i s s o near Llety-Cymro that the

llethr o f the

1 891 form i s obviously a mistake for

lletty. Ty-gwyn -(SN 3 3 1 -536) [ty + gwyn] ; Tygwyn 1 792 M Richardson MSS p.402, Ty-gwyn O S 1 891 This was described in 1 792 as 'lately built' on

Tyllgoed

Trecregyn

land

(17-a) [ 1792 M. Richardson MSS: 402] .

-(SN 343-5 1 9) [twll + coed] ;

Tyllcoed 1 760CF, Tyllcoed 1 775map R Jones, Tyll-coed 1 808 S . RMeyrick p . 228 There are a number of other places named

Tyllgoed noted by R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 1 7 1 ], 0. J. Padel (1 985 : 219-20] adds the Brittonic cognates C.tn. Tolgus, MB.tn. Toulgoet, as well as the English place-names of Brittonic origin named Tolchet (unloc. , Somers.) and Tulketh (Lanes.). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 171] judged Tyllgoed might mean 'ravaged wood', though W. Linnard [ 1973 BBCS: 27.559-DO] held that Tyllgoed (lit. 'holed or perforated wood') referred to trees bored into in order to promote honey bees, cf.

Cefnmelgoed

(52-a). 0. J. Padel [ 1 985: 220] felt this explanation " seems contrived, despite the fact of this practice being attested. " , and - along with A G. C . Turner [ 1 952 BBCS: 1 5. 1 9] - preferred the meaning 'wood in a hollow' (correctly noting that the common B.tn.

Toull(-ar-) hoad is different twll as opposed to pant

'hole/hollow of the wood'). However, the use of

in construction, meaning for a 'hollow' is otherwise

unknown in Welsh toponymy, so that I prefer W. Linnard's explanation of trees bored for the purpose of getting honey

(I

remain somewhat uneasy on one point, the fact that the referent in

Tyllgoed

is

coed

because the holes would be expected to be in the tree and not in the wood and the original meaning of

coed

was 'a wood', the term 'tree' being expressed by

semantic prudery on my part, with

coed

gwydd

or

pren,

perhaps this unease is simply

having become a plural of pren at an earlier date than I had

supposed). Another interpretation was suggested by R. J. Thomas

Tyllbrys (prox. Llanymynech, Salop.), Tyllbris

1 703

boring through brushwood' naturally compared perforated brushwood' (W.

prys(g))

[ 1 938: 170] when discussing the hn. [ 1 987 G. G. Evans: 46], which he interpreted as '(stream)

Tyllgoed,

though it is just as likely that

Tyllbrys 'holed

or

may have been the name of a topographic feature that only later

became the name of the stream. An argument for Tyllgoed being a stream-name may be the name F.fynnondyllgoed [1938 R. J. Thomas: 1 7 1] - on the maps simply noted Dyllgoed (SN 56-15, Carms.) - and the phrase oculo fontis Tollcoit 'the eye of the well (i. e. source) of Tyllgoed' [c. l l 40 LL: 1 89] does seem to have Tyllgoed as a stream-name (the later English name given to this particular Tyllgoed was FaiJWater (Glams.)). Against this, however, the Tyllgoed in Llangrannog parish does not seem to refer to any stream. Waun Villa -(SN 3 57- 521 )[y + gwaun + E . villat Waun Villa O S 1 904 b. bet. 1 891 -1 904

West -(SN

(OS1891 ; OS1904).

3 3 2- 527)[E. west] ;

West 1 766-67 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 67,

(c) Park islaw'r West

1 806 in 1 793sur map, West OS 1 834, West

1 840TMS, West OS1 89 1 , Arfor-west O S 1 904, West 1 904 J.Evans p. 270,

Wig -(SN 343 - 546)(y + wig1] ; [wi:g

J. D.

& M.

Jones]

299

Y West

1 966 D.I.Jones p . 44

( 1 7) CAERWEDROS Blaen Dyf:frin Gogo 1 762 MRichardson MSS p. 398, Blaendiffringogo 1 8 14 M.Richardson MSS p.403, Wig O S 1 891 , (pn.) Wil y Wig 1 966 D.I.Jones p. 87 Meeting house on its land [1 814 M. Richardson MSS: 403] ; the alias of Wig is to be understood as Blaendyffiyn Gogo, the parish name being used as a distinguisher rather than referring to the name of the river or of the valley; see Wigwen (44-a). Wig (65-b) probably contains a different element. Rwgan -(SN 343-548)[tn. Rwgan ( 1 8-a)] ; [rugan G. Jones, A. Jones] Wgan-parc OS1 891 , Wgan-parc OS 1 904, (fpn. ) Hannah Rwgan 1 966 D.I. Jones p.48 b.bet. c. l 830-1 891 [OS1 834; OS1 89 1 ] ; name taken from nearby Rwgan ( 18-a), which was in ruins by 1 891 (08 1 891 ] . Ysgol Pontgarreg -(SN 336-540)[ysgol + tn . Pontgarreg (1 7-a)]; Ysgoldy Pontgarreg 1 932 D.G. Jones p.21, Ysgol Pontgarreg 1 969 Cardi vol.4 p.4, Pontgarreg C.P. 1967 WLS b. 1 867 as British school [ 1 973 M. Davies: 40]. Ysgoldy -(SN 3 1 8-537)[ysgoldy]; [i·r'sk:lldi A Jones] Sun. Sch. O S 1 904, Ysgoldy 1 973 MDavies p.39 b. 1 847 [ 1 973 M. Davies: 3 9] . geonyms Alltgoch -(SN 3 1 8-541)[allt + coch]; Allt-goch os 1 904 See Frongoch ( 17-a). Carregifan -(SN 3 1 3-549)[carreg + pn. Ifan] ; [kareg 'ivan A Jones] Careg Evan OS 1 89 1 , Carreg Evan c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62, Carregifan 0Sc. 1 950 "Yr oedd rhyw berson o'r enw Evan yn lladd gwair yn y Lochtyn. Aeth y bladur i'w glyn, a thra yn gwaedi aeth i orwedd i ben hon a bu farw. " [c. l 925 D. Thomas MS B-62]. Cilborth -(SN 3 1 0-544)[cil + porth] ; [kdb:lr8 G. Jones, A Jones] Culborth OS 1 89 1 , Cilborth OS 1 904, Y Culborth c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62, Traeth y Cilborth 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Cwmrhibin -(SN 328-537)[cwm + rhibin] ; [kum'hribin M Thomas, kum'ribin A. Jones] Rhippin Llwyd ? 1 762 M.Richardson MSS p.398, Allt Cwm-rhibyn OS 1 89 1 , Cwmrhibin 1 973 MDavies p.74 Though similar in sound rhipyn and rhibin are different terms. The significance of rhibin 'row, line, etc.' is not clear but the fact that there existed here some ruins called Llety'r Bwci [ 1 97 3 M. Davies: 74] tempts one to think of gwrach-y-rhibin 'phantom'. Felinwynt -(SN 324-522)[y + melin-wynt] ; Felyn-wynt 1 806 in 1 793sur map On top ofAllt-Hownant (8-b). Gaer -(SN 353-528)[y + caer] ; (c) Park Pen Castell l 793 sur map, Gaer OS 1 834, Y Gaer 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Caer 0Sc. 1 950 Cf Castellgrugiar (l7-a). Garregbica -(SN 3 1 0-543)[y + carreg + pica]; [kareg 'b1ka A Jones] Carreg-Bicka 1 840TMS, Careg Bica OS 1 89 1, Carreg Bicca als. The Bishop's Rock c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p. 1 34, Careg Bicca OS 1 904, Carreg Bica 1 973 M.Davies p. 56, Carreg Bica OS1 982 "I have seen it referred to as the 'Bishop's Rock' . . . " [ 1 973 M. Davies: 69] ; cf Garregbica (SS 72-99, Sgiwen, Glams.) [ 1 939 WM 08/06/39] . Garregffiat -(SN 3 1 5-557)[y + carreg + ffiat] ; [kareg'flat A Jones] in£ Garregslic -(SN 309-542)[y + carreg + slic]; [kareg 'shk A. Jones] in£ Y Gerwyn -(SN 3 1 5-540)[y + cerwyn]; [�'gerun, ma-r'gerun A Jones] Ffrydiau Cranog 1 869 B.Williams pp. l l -1 2, Gerwn c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p.4, Y Gerwyn 1 932 D.G. Jones p. l 9, The Gerwin 1 973 MDavies p. 55, 'r Gerwn 1 985 Gambo n 6, Rhaeadr y Gerwn 1 983 Gambo n. 7 300

(17) CAERWEDROS "Mewn lle o'r enw Ffrydiau Cranog y mae pyllau bychain o ddwfr yn y graig, wedi cael eu tori gan ffrydiau yr afonig, a dywedid gynt mai pyllau o o l troed y sant oeddynt a bod rhinwedd feddygol ynddynt. " [ 1 869 B. Williams: 1 1-1 2]; a deep trough [ c. l 925 APLlangrannog: 4] . Pen-y-badell -(SN 3 1 3 -542) [pen + y + padell] ; Pennobadelth Poynt 1 57 8map C . S axton, Pennobadath Point 1 6 1 0map J. Speed (var. ) in 1 94 8 GMG p. 1 69, Pen y Badell Point 1 760map E .Bowen, Penny Badell Pt. 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Panhead

1 803map J. Singer, Penybo dell OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pan Head 1 840TMS, Pen y Badell (sic loc.?) O S 1 89 1 , Pan's Head c. 1 902 E .RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 46, Trwyn yr Ynys, a Thrwyn yr Ynys c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62 See Pendinas Lochdyn (1 7-a).

Pen-y-bilys

-(SN 3 1 1 - 5 5 1 )[pen + y + bilys] ; [pen�'bilis A. Jones]

Lochtyn Peninsula (Pen y Billies) 1 948 J.A. Steens p. 1 54

bilys referred to: "Y darnau haeam a geir y tu mewn i fWl olwyn cert. " [1 955 E. J. Davies: 2 . 3 4] , and the signification of bilys may be in reference to 'beaks' that characterise this particular

In Llandygwy the term

headland. However, a contraction of a cognate borrowing of northern Welsh

bilidowcar

' cormorant' is

tempting. Whichever meaning we may favour, it would appear that the term is derived from E. bill 'beak' with the plural suffix -ys, also derived from English; see Traeth-y-bilys (17-b); cf Penbeles (2-a) y-bil als. Rhyd-y-hwyaid-ucha (1 8-a). Pendinas Lochdyn -(SN 3 1 5-548) [pen + dinas + tn. Lochdyn (l 7-a)) ; [pen'dinas A. Jones]

and Rhyd­

Molebaddil 1 77 6map M.Mackenzie, Pandinas 1 803map J. S inger, Moel Badell 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 224, Pen Dinas Llochtyn O S 1 834, Moel Badell 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 48, Pen Dinas Lochtyn 1 860 AC p. 5 8 , Pen Dinas Lochlyn 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Pen Dinas-Lochtyn OS 1 89 1 , Pen Moel Badell c. 1 902 E.R Horsfall-Tumer p. 1 38, Pen Ynys Lochtyn >1 91 1 D . J. Saer p. 3 1 , Pen Dinas 1 924-26 CSRLS 57, Pendinas Lochdyn 0Sc. 1 95 0

"On another hill opposite is a tumulus resembling a n inverted pan, ( 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 224] ; see Lochdyn (17-a), Pen-y-badell (17-b). Pen-y-garthglwyd -(SN 3 28- 540)[pen + y + carthglwyd] ;

and on that account called Moel Badell

'cli:f£ Gareclwyd 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 224, Pen-y-garglwyd O S 1 8 34, Caer Cl"Wyd OS 1 891 , Caer Glwyd OS 1 904, Garclwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 7 Explained a s 'the principal wattling (gorglwyd), defence'

[1 860 AC : 61 ] ;

cf

Traeth-y-garthglwyd (17-b).

-(SN 3 1 6- 540)[pont + y + pump] ; Pont-y-pump 1 884 in 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 3 3 9

Pont-y-pump

b. 1 884 b y J . Owen, T . Evans, J . Davies, G. Griffiths, D . Jones (the five men i n question)

[ 1 884 in 1 978 CER:

8 . 33 9] . Rhiwgam -(SN 3 1 7-537) [rhiw + cam] ; (c) Islaw' Rhiw Gam 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Rhiw Gam OS 1 982 Rhiwlas -(SN 3 1 6-545)[rhiw + glas] ; [hnw'la:s A. Jones] inf.

Traeth-bach Glangraig -(SN 328-553)(traeth tra:OJau'grajg J. M. Jones]

+ bach + tn. Glangraig (17-a)];

[tra:8,ba:z,Iau'g rajg

A. Jones,

Traeth bach 1 973 M. Davies p. 72, Traeth bach Glangraig 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traeth-y-bilys -(SN M Jones]

3 1 1 -5 5 3)[traeth + y + bilys] ;

[tra:8�'bdis

A. Jones,

tra:81 945

T.J. Thomas p. 5 1 , Blaengloywon 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 1 2, ym Mlaenglo'won 1 962 D.E.Rees p . 3 5 ,

(c)

Cwm

Main Bla'ngloywon 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 3 3

Blaenrhafod

-(SN 399-49 1 ) [blaen + tn. Hafod[wnnog]

(1 8-a)] ; [bla·n'hrav�d I .

A Griffiths]

Blaen-hafod OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-yr-hafod > 1 94 5 T.J. Thomas p. 1 2, ym Mlaen'rhafod 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 75

Blaenllan -(SN 3 62-568) [blaen + y + llan] ; [ blajn'ian

J. D.

& M.

Jones]

Blaenllan 1 784 M.Richardson MSS p. 400, Blaenllan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenllan 1 84 1 TMS, Blaen-llan OS 1 89 1

Blaen Rhydarwen

-(SN 3 88-534) [blaen + tn. Rhydarwen

(1 8-a)] ; [bla:n,hri·dar'wen D.

Davies]

Blaenrhyderwen 1 824 M.Richardson MS 208, Blaenrhydemen 1 84 1 TMS, Blaen-rhyd-derwen OS 1 89 1

Blaensam

-(SN 3 7 1 -529) [blaen + y + sam] ;

[blajn'sarn penar D.

Davies]

Blaen-sam OS 1 89 1

Blaensam-isa -(SN 3 8 1 -5 46)[blaen + y + sam (+ isaf)] ; [bla·n,sarn'iJa D .

Davies]

Blaen-sam-isaf OS 1 891

Blaensam-ucha -(SN 3 8 1 -5 46) [blaen + y + sam (+ uchaf) ] ; [bla·n,sarn'Ix_a D .

Davies]

Pen-'sam ? O S 1 834, Blansarn 1 84 1 cens. , Blaen-sam-uchaf 0 S l 891

Blaen-tir -(SN 3 79-540) [blaen-tir]; [blan'ti:r G.

bla·n'ti:r (glm'r�dm) D.

Jones,

Davies]

Tyrodyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen Tir 1 82 1 PR Llandysulio Gogo, Blaen-tir O S 1 834, Blaentyr 1 84 1 TMS, Blantyr 1 844 NLW Min.Dep. 1 25 6-57-B, Blaen-tir O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-tir 0Sc. 1 95 0, Ffynnonberw 08 1 982

Blaenwaun-fach

-(SN 3 9 1 -5 3 5)[blaen + y + gwaun (+ bach)] ;

[bla·n,wejn'va:z D.

Davies]

Blaengwainfoch 1 825 WFM MS 203 9, Cwrt OS 1 834, Blaen-waun-fiich 08 1 89 1 , Blaenwaun-fach 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 68, Blaenwaun fach OS 1 982

Blaenwaun-fawr -(SN 3 94-53 5)[blaen + y + gwaun (+ mawr)] ; Blaen y Weyn 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Blaengwacin 1 825 WFM M S 203 9, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 834, Blaen­ waun-fawr OS 1 89 1 The

Bont

o f the

1 825 form i s a miscopy o f .

-(SN 3 69- 5 1 6)[y + pont] ; Bont O S 1 89 1

Brebast -(SN 427- 505)[brebast] ;

[pn.

jantobrebast M .

Thomas,

brebast 1 948 GMG p . 79]

Brebast O S 1 8 9 1 "Digwydd 'brebast' fel gair diraddio y n y r ardal. Hwyrach fod rhyw elfen wedi e i cholli o flaen 'brebast' a bod yr enw i'w gymharu ag enwau fel Llainffwlbert. "

[ 1 948 G. M. Griffiths: 7 9] .

The etymology with

bre

'mountain' advanced by Gw. E. Evans [ 1 901 : 9 ] can safely be dismissed.

Bro-dawel - ( SN 373-557) [bro + tawel] ; [bro'dawel D.

Davies]

Brodawel OS 1 982 b. 1 91 4 [inf. D.

Bro-tfion

Davies] .

-(SN 3 77-559) [bro + [Cy]ffion[os]

(18-a)] ; [o,daj'kownsd

(desc.) D . Davies]

Bro-ffion O S 1 982

A

housing estate. The term fflon means 'fox-glove' (L.

Digitalis purpurea) and has been extracted (1 8-a), the etymology of which is wholly

through a misunderstanding from the nearby farm of Cyffionos different.

Bro-heli

-(SN 3 68- 5 63)[bro + heli] ; Broheli OS 1 982

Bronhedydd

-(SN 370-5 5 5) [bron + ehedydd ? ] ;

[vr�n'hedi1 945 T.J.Thomas p. 29, 'y ddau' Grugery' >1945 T.J.Thomas p. 29, Crug-yr-eryr 0Sc. 1 950, o Bentref Crugeryr 1 98 1 Cardi vol. 1 6 p. 1 2, galwn Bentref Crugyreryr (quarter of Talgarreg) 1 983 Gambo n. 1 0 308

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS The dissimilation of the second [ r] to [6] in the word

eryr

is not an unusual development (cf

aifer �

in many southern Welsh dialects), in place-names this change is evidenced as early as 1 5 1 6--1 7 (see below). There are many examples of this in place-names: Crngeryr (SO 1 5-59, New Radnor, Rads.),

aifedd

Castrnm Crnkeri [c . l l 9 1 Gir.IK: 16] , Crnch Erir 1 2 1 4 [ 1936 H. Owen: 4.703] , Crygeryth, Crykerith [ 1 535 VE: 407], Cregerithe [1 5 1 6-17 in 1 936 H. Owen: 4.703] ; Allt-yr-erydd (1 1 -b); Allt-yr-erydd (8H 95-23, Llanwddyn, Monts.) [081 834], Alit yr Eryr [OS1 982] ; Fwel Ery, the spoken form ofMoeleryr (SN 06-32, Cwmgwaun, Pembs.) (1910 W. M. Morris: 1 34]; Gartheryr (8J 16-23, Llangedwyn, Monts.), Gartheryr (c. 1 550 RepWMS8: 1 .2.846], 9en:6 [inf. L. Davies, Llangedwyn] - (the pronunciation Therwydd given by D. Thomas [1916-18: 36] being a misprint).

Crugerydd-ucha -(SN 422- 503 ) [crug + eryr ( + uchat)] ; Crug-yr-eryr-uchaf OS 1 891

Crugiau-isa -(SN 367-523)[crugiau (+ isaf)] ; [kngje'ba:x R Jones] Crygiau-issa

1 83 1 PR Capelcynon, Panty Crygie

1 841 TMS, Pantcrige 1 841 cens. , Pant-y-crugiau

OS 1 89 1 , Crugiau isaf (sign) See Maescrngiau (1 8-a).

Cwarre -(SN 4 1 2-5 1 1 )[cwarre] ; [kware, glo:n'de:l Ll. Jones] Quarry Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Quarry Cottage OS1 904, Glowen-Dale OS1 904 In ruins [081 904]. Cwm-bach -(SN 41 2-509) [ cwm + bach] ;

Cwm bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmbach 1 823PR Capelcynon, Cwm bach O S 1 834, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 , Cwmbach (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 269

Cwm-bychan -(SN 3 84-523)[cwm + bychan]; Tyr y Kwm bychan 1 58 1 /82 M.Richardson MS 1 47, o'r Kwmbychan 1 6 1 3 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 82, Tyr Cwm byghan 1 624 M.Richardson MS 1 54, Tyddyn y Kum bychan 1 628 MRichardson MS 1 59, Tythin y Cwm bychan als. Pant y Rhew 1 647 MRichardson MS 1 5 9, Tir Cwm bychan als. Bach y Rhew 1 665/66 MRichardson MS 1 61 , Cwm buchan 1 75 1/52PR Llangrannog, Cwm byan 1 755/56PR Llangrannog, Cwmbuchan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-bychan OS 1 83 4, Cwm-bychan OS 1 89 1

Cwm-bychan i s almost 3km away from Cwmcynon (1 8 a), s o that it seems unlikely they were as the -bychan might lead one to think, yet they share the alias of Bach-y-rhew. Cwmcoch -(SN 3 5 1 - 5 54)[cwm + coch]; [kum'ko:x G. Jones] -

connected,

Cwmcoch 1 841 cens. , Cwm-coch 08 1 89 1 , Cwm Coch c. l 925 D. Thomas MS B-62, Cwmcoch 1 996 Faner Newydd n. 2 p.23 This was the name of the whole valley, coch because of bracken [c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62] . Cwmcynon -(SN 3 68-547)[cwm + pn. Cynon] ; [kum'km=>n J. D. & M . Jones] Tythen Blaen Kwm Kynon 1 630/3 1 M Richardson MS 1 56, Tythyn Cwm Kynon 1 647 MRichardson MS 1 59, Cwmkeynon 1 666 MRichardson MS 1 62, Cwm Cunon 1 732PR Llangrannog, 'capital messuage' Cwm Kynon als. Cwmcunnon als. Cwmbychan als. Bach y Rhew 1 73 7 M.Richardson MS 1 74, Cwm Cynnon

1 740PR Llangrannog,

Cwmcynnon

1 747

in

1 946

T.Beynon

p . 56,

Cwmcynon

1 774

MRichardson MS 1 87, Cwmcynon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Cynin 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel Cynin, Cwm Cynin 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p.454, Cwmcynnon 1 841 TMS, Cwm-cynon 08 1 891 "Although [it] is sometimes spelt Cwmcynan, it is invariably pronounced by the natives Cwmcynon. "

[1901 Gw. E. Evans: 12] ; Cynon is a hydronym [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .454]; see Cwm-bychan (1 8-a). Cwmgwybed -(SN 3 6 1 - 5 6 1 ) [cwm + y + gwybed] ; [kum'gwibed J. D. & M. Jones] Cwm y Gwybed 1 789 Larkshill MSS 1 , Cwm Gwibed 1 81 3PR Llandysulio Gogo, Cwm Gwybed 1 8 1 7PR Llandysulio Gogo, Cwmgwybed 1 867-83 NLW MS ex. 1 245, Cwm-gwibed OS 1 891

Cwm-march -(SN 394-496)[cwm + march]; [kum'arx E . Williams] Cwm March 1 803map J. Singer, Cwmmarch 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwmarch 1 83 0PR Capelcynon, Cwm-march OS 1 834, drwy Gwm yr Arch 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. l 82 The term march may well be a hydronym March, referring to the tributary stream of Cerdin that passes

by this place; cf. March (d), Cwm-march (3-a). Cwmsgog -(SN 3 52-554)[cwm + ? ]; [ kum'sko:g J. M. Jones]

Tyr y Cwm ? 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Cwmsgog 1 841 cens. , Cwmsgog 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 3 , Cwmsgog 1 966 D.I.Jones p. 68

309

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS cwm .sWn y gog [inf. J. M. Jones] is popular etymology, whilst there is [ 1 901 Gw. E. Evans: 1 3] should give sko: g . [kum'tidi G. Jones, kum't;}di in£ (Aberaeron), £:S'kum'ti·di 1 934a J . J . Gl.

The explanation of this place-name as

no reason cwm + ysgog 'moving or agitating'

CWMTYDU -(SN (i)3 56-574) [cwm + ? ] � Davies pp. 3 1 3 , 3 79, cwm tidi 1 948

GMG p. 87]

Cwm Tydy 1 595 M.Richardson MS 1 50, o Gwm Tydyr c. 1 600 L. Dwnn vol. 1 p. 3 8, Kwm Tyty, o Gwmtyty c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 27, o Gwmtydy c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p . 8 3 , Kwm Tyty c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 84, Cwm Tidy 1 743PR Llangrannog, Cwm Tyddy 1 76 1 /62PR Llangrannog, Place Cwm Tydu

(i)

1 760map E. Bowen, Cwmtydur 1 769-70 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 68, Cumtiddy 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Site of the Old Court House

(i), (c)

Alit Cwm Tydir 1 793sur map, Cwm Tudwr 1 803map J. S inger,

Cwmtydyr 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 230, Cwmtidy 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Tydi (ii) OS 1 834, Cwm Tydwr 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 50 edn) vol. 1 p. 546, Cwm Tidy 1 860 AC p . 60, 'yng Nhgwmtydy hynny yw, Cwm Tudur (Cwm Tudor)' 1 875 D.J. Davies p. 3 2,

(c) Cwm Tydi OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cwm Tydi O S 1 904, Cwmtudu

0Sc. 1 95 0, Cwmtudu 1 982 CER vol. 9 p. 1 22 i) SN 3 5 6- 566. This was originally a mansion in the valley E of Penparc

(18-a),

which was " built opposite

the spot where Cwmtydu Mansion once stood, and probably the park or lawn attached to that place. "

[1 901 Gw. E. Evans: 20]; the site was in ruins by 1 793 , [1 793surmap] ; see Pamasws (1 8-b), Melinhuw (18-a).

ii)

when it was curiously described an Old Court House

SN 3 5 6-574. 1 83 4. "This is the name or rather Traeth Cwmtydu, by which the creek at the mouth of

[ 1901 Gw. E. Evans: 1 3 ] . (which is conceivable) would make the second element the pn. Tudyr, such forms are not reliably attested in the documentation. The single form with ftnal c. 1 600 cannot be relied upon too much as L. Dwnn tended to change place-name forms sometimes, otherwise final forms appear sporadically after 1 769-70, cf Ogo Castell-lludu (5-b). If the Tudyr etymology is discounted, we are left with two possibilities: 1 ) that the component is a pn. * Tudi (attested in the B.tn. Loctudy (Finistere), Abbas Tudi 1 084-1 1 1 2 [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 1 22-23] which contains a hypocoristic form of the Breton saint Tudal!Tual (cf W. Tudwal). This name seems to be at the origin of Saint Tudy (Cornwall), Hecglostudic 1 086, Seintudi 1 20 1 , Sanctus Tudius 1 28 1 , Sanctus Tudicus 1 302, Seynt Udy 1 522� 0. J. Padel [1 988: 174] believes it to be a hypocoristic with -ig of the same saint's name, it is possible that -icus is a hypercorrect latinisation on the pattern of Henricus, amicus for what had become Henri, ami in French by the seventh century [ 1 934 M. K. Pope: 78, 1 28-29] , though this seems a less likely explanation for the 1 086 form Hecglostudic� 2) a simple compounding of a place-name such as Ty-du would give * Tydu (cf. Tydu, 1 4-a) which could explain the form of our place-name. Both ty-du (through a compounded *tydu) or the pn. Tudi (through affection * Tudu) would have given *t�di in southern Welsh, as well as the attested £:S'ti·di due to the local pronunciation of Dyfedeg. Comprising: 1 ) Fforin, 2) Glanmorllyn. the rivulet Dewi is known, " Whilst the loss of a ftnal

Cwrt -(SN 364-569) [cwrt] � Cwrt OS 1 89 1 , Cwrt O S 1 904, Dol-llan O S 1 982

Cwrttfynnon

-(SN 3 64-569) [ cwrt + y + :ffyno n n] ;

Cwrtffynnon OS 1 982 This name seems to have been suggested by nearby

Cyffionos

-(SN 3 76-562)[cyffion + -os]�

[k�f'jon:ls

Cwrt (18-a).

G. Jones, D. Davies,

cyjjio'nos

1 948 GMG p . 8 6]

Tyr Kyffiones ycha + ysha 1 694 GTM MSS p . 3 7, Cyffiones ycha + issa 1 697 GTM MSS p . 3 8, Kyffinos ycha + issa 1 7 1 7/1 8 GTM MSS p.40, Cyffionos 1 732PR Llangrannog, Cw:ffionos 1 743PR Llangrannog, Kiffionas als. Cyffionos ycha + issa 1 768 GTM MSS p. 42, Gyffionos 1 779PR Llangrannog, Cefeonus 008 1 8 1 1 , Ceffeonos OS 1 834, Cwmffionos 1 84 1 TMS, Cyff-ionos OS 1 89 1 , Cwmffionos OS 1 904

Cyffionos - 'the little (tree) stumps' - may have the same signification as that ascribed to Bryncipyll (33-a), being due to the tree-stumps that may have been left after clearing a wood that was strategically in the way for a clear view to the northwards from Castell Caenvedros ( 1 8-b)� cf the identical meaning field­ name (c) Cippyllos (Gwaun-y-gath, Gartbmul, Monts.) [ 1 72 1 Glansevem MSS] ; cf. Fjjmnoncyff (2-a), Llannerchcyffion (78-b). Darren-fawr -(SN 4 1 2-487)[ ? (+ mawr)] ; [daren'vowr N. Thomas, daren Ll. Jones darren 1 948 GMG p. 87] The

Nant Aren 1 2 1 4 in 1 878 J.RDaniel-Tyssen pp. 73-75, Hanctyron 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. in 1 893 E. Owen p. 226, Nant Carren ? 1 447 in 1 878 J.R.Daniel-Tyssen p . 78, Edarren 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p . 1 07, Tir y Darren fawre 1 697/98 D.T.M. Jones MSS vo1.4 p. 763 , Tiry Darrenfawr, Darren fawre, Darrenfawr 1 697

310

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tyry Darren fawr, Tyr Darrenfawr 1 7 1 8 E. P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Darren 1 750PR Llangrannog, Darren fawr 1 803 map J. Singer, Daren fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Daran-fawr OS 1 834, Daren fawr 1 84 1 TMS, Daran-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Darren-fawr 0Sc. 1 950, Y Darren 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 83 The initial explanation by the feminine noun

tarren

'cliff, rocky precipice' seems unlikely for two reasons,

firstly that the topography of the area does not seem fitting for the meaning 'cliff\ secondly, due to the fact that the earliest forms do not seem to agree with that word. Those forms seem garbled, but

if we take

Nant Aren 1 2 1 4 as the original, we can see a misdivision of the elements leading from aren 'kidney' (?) to tarren 'cliff', which was established by 1 564 according to the forms of neighbouring Darren-fach (14-a), Tir Ystlys y Darren 1 564, another form Aber Darren 1 6 5 1 suggests, as does the form of 1 2 1 4, that Darren referred to the otherwise unnamed stream that entered the Cletwr-fawr. Dolhanna -(SN 434-495)(dol + f pn Hanna] ; Dolhanna OS 1 982

Dolieroth

-(SN 3 74-529)(dol + pn. Ieroth] ; [ 1 945 T.J. Thomas p.29, Melin Crugyreryr, (pn.) Rhys y Felin 1 971 ME.James p. 78, Melin Crugeryr 1 98 1 Cardi vo1. 1 6 p. 14, Glyn yr Eryr O S 1 982, Glyneryr inf. ADaflS Melinhuw - (SN 356-564)[melin + pn. Huw] ; [velm'hiW J. D. & M. Jones] The Mill 1 760map E.Bowen, Felincwmtydy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin Cwm Tydi 08 1 834, Mill 1 841 TMS , Felin Cwmtydu 1 870 in 1 966 D.I. Jones p.24, Felin Cwm-tydi (Com) OS1 89 1 , (pn.) Huw'r Felin 1 927 Cymru vol.72 p. l 16, i'r Felin Huw, Felin Huw, Y Felin 1 966 D.I. Jones p. 22, Y Felin Huw 1 978 Cardi vol. 1 1 p.5, Felin Huw OS 1 982 Huw'r felin als. Hifw Da.fis (t 1 870) was a noteworthy character, Cranogwen's schoolteacher [1927 Cymru: 72. 1 1 6� 1 966 D. I. Jones: 24] . Melin Llwyndafydd -(SN 368-554)[melin + tn. Llwyndafydd (1 8-a)] ; [velm J. D. & M. Jones, a·r'velm D. Davies] A Water Com Mil1 1 694 GTM MS S p.37, Grist Mill and Banck 'that belong to Ffynnonlefrith tenement' 1 793 sur map, F elin Llwyn-dafydd OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Dafydd Mill 1 841 TMS Moelach -(SN 385-530) [ ? ] ; [moilach 1 948 GMG p. 98] 317

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Tyr Moylach als. Ffynnon Ddewy 1 647 M.Richardson MS 1 59, Tyr Moylach als. Tyr Ffynnon Dewi 1 71 4 M.Richardson MS 1 70, Tyr Noyath als. (sic) Tyr Fynnon Dewy 1 782 MRichardson MS 1 90, Moilach 1 824PR Llandysulio Gogo, Maylech 1 825 WFM MS 2039, Voelach 1 830PR Llandysulio Gogo, Moelach OS 1 834, Moylech, Moylach 1 84 1 TMS, Moel-lech 08 1 89 1 , Moel-lech OS 1 904, Glyndewi 08 1 982 See FfYnnonddewi (18-a). Mounthill -(SN 404-509)[E. mount + hill] ; [mownt'hd Ll. Jones] Mounthill Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Mount Cottage OS 1 904, Mountain Hill > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 32, Mount Hill > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p.39 Mynachlog-bach -(SN 4 1 3-520)[mynachlog (+ bach)] ; Tynewydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mynachlog-bach OS 1 89 1 , Mynachlog-isaf OS 1 904, Mynachlog 0Sc. 1 950 Mynachlog-mawr -(SN 4 1 1 -520)[mynachlog (+ mawr)] ; Y Manachlog 1 587rent, Monachlog 1 83 1PR Capelcynon, Maenachlog 1 882 John Francis MS S vo1.2 p.7, Mynachlog-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Mynachlog-uchaf OS 1 904 Note the unexplained masculine gender of mynachlog in this name. Similar names in the parish of Llandydoch (see sub Llandydoch, 81-a), were asserted to be the old site of the abbey of Llandydoch, but as A W. Wade-Evans argued [ 1 935: 1 30] " . . . these names [i. e. mynachlog] need signify no more than that they were monastic barns or out-farms . . . " , his argument is clinched by the example of Mynachlogddu (Pembs.), which was glossed Nigra Grangea in 1 29 1 , and which was known to be a grange of Llandydoch (81-a) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 124] . The use of mynachlog, rather than mynachdy, may be a regional usage of the word. This appears to have been the grange-house of the grange of Crugerydd, which was a belonging of the monastery of Whitland (Carms.). Could the homestead [OS1 982] noted at SN 408-521 "A nearly ploughed-out sub-rectangular enclosure . . . " [1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 249], have something to do with the grange-house ?. Nantcoch-fach -(SN 3 5 8-503)[nant + coch (+ bach)] ; Nant Coch fach 1 78 1 PR Llangrannog, Nantcoch fach 1 8 1 8PR Betwsifan, Nant-goch-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Nantcoch 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 8 The -fach is in opposition to Nantcoch (8-a). NANTERNIS -(SN 373-566)[nant + pn. Emis]; [nant'erms J. D. & M Jones, nant,erms'farm D. Davies, nant'yrnis 1 948 GMG p. 98] Nant Ernis 1 806PR Llanllwchaearn, Nanternis OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-ernis OS 1 834, Nanthemis 1 875sur. landowners p.2, Nant-ernis OS 1 89 1 , Nanternis + Nanternis Farm OS 1 982 The latinised AN-F.pn. Ernisius chaplain to Queen Matilda in 1 1 03 became an hermit in Llanthony (Mons.) with William the knight [1 937 J. E. Lloyd: 2.445] ; 'the brook Ernis' [1 860 AC: 60]; we can safely dismiss the etymology nant yr ynys [ 1 901 Gw. E. Evans: 1 8]. Nouadd -(SN 3 69-557)[neuadd] ; [n:lja� G. Jones, D . Davies, a.T neja() J. D. & M. Jones, formerly st:lrus'vowr ... skib:lr'vowr D. Davies] Scybor vawr 1 760CF, Scybor fawr 1 789 Larkshill MSS I, Escybor fawr 008 1 81 1 , Ysgubor-fawr OS 1 834, Scybor fawr 1 84 1 TMS, Sgyborfawr 1 845 NLW Min.Dep. 1 256-57-B, 8gyborfawr 1 889 NLW MS ex. 1 245, Neuadd OS 1 89 1 , Neuadd-Llansilio, 'was at one time called' 'Scuborfawr 1 901 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 9, 'fferrn a elwid gynt' Ysgubor-fawr 1 948 G.M. Griffiths p.99, Sgubor fawr 1 966 D.I. Jones p.23 Nytb-y-gwynt -(SN 356-567) [nyth + y + gwynt] ; Nyth y Gwynt 1 8 1 4PR Llandysulio Gogo, Nyth-y-gwynt OS 1 89 1 , Nyth y Wynt 1 924--26 CSRLS 1 3 Pannau -(SN 373-55 1 )[pannau] ; [pane G. Jones, panne 1 948 GMG p. 99] Tir y Velin Ban (prox.) 1 6 1 6 M.Richardson MSS p.42 1 , A Tucking Mill (prox.) 1 694 GTM MSS p.37, Tyr-y-velin Bann (prox.) 1 736 M.Richardson MSS p.430, The Tucking Mill (prox. ) 1 760map E.Bowen, Pannau 1 779PR Llangrannog, Pannau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Panne bach (prox.) 1 827 Falcondale MS 1 3 8, Pannau OS 1 834, Penne, Panne 1 841 TMS, llaethdy'r Panne 1 966 D.I. Jones p. 3 1 The tucking mill that appears to be above LlwyndafYdd (1 8-a) on the 1 760 map of E.Bowen is in all probability not this place as pannau does not have anything to do with pandy or melin-ban, but is an old plural ofpant 'hollow', however, it seems to have stood nearby, note Gw. E. Evans [1 90 1 : 1 9] information that "this farm . . . is opposite a spot where once stood a pandy" . In view of the forms, the location of the place, as well as the rarity of the term, G. M. Griffiths's supposition [ 1 948: 34] that it is derived from bannau, 'peaks', is highly unlikely. -

3 18

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Pant-bach -(SN 404-493) [pant + bach] ; [pant'ba:x I. A Griffiths] Tir Pant bach 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.763, Pantbach (on Alltmaen land, 1 8-a) 1 8 1 4PR LlandysuL Pant bach 1 81 9PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pant bach OS1 834, Pant-bach OS 1 89 1 Pant-y-bryn -(SN 439-494)[pant + y + bryn]; [pant�'brm E.Evans] Pant-y-bryn OS1 89 1 , Pantybryn OS 1 982 Pantcastell -(SN 375-557)[pant + y + castell]; [pant�'kastcl D. Davies] Gweyne Tyr Sheade als. Tyr Pant-y-castell 1 73 6 M.Richardson MSS p.430, Gwern Tyr Shead als. Tyr Pant y Castell 1 752 MRichardson MSS p. 436, Pant y Castell 1 803map J. Singer, Blaencastell 1 84 1 TMS { 1 st added later} , Pant-y-castell OS 1 982 Refers to Castell Caenvedros (1 8-b). Pant-y-cetris -(SN 404-5 1 l )[pant + y + cetris] ; [pant�'ketris Ll. Jones] Pant Ketris 1 784PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pantycetrys OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant y Cetris 1 81 5PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pant-y-getrys OS 1 834, Panty Cettris 1 841 TMS, Pant-y-getrys OS 1 891 , Pant-y-cetrys OS1 904, yrn Mhantygetris 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 , Pantycetris O S 1 982 The modern name's earliest attestation is in 1784 and apparently means cetris 'cartridge', but it may be related to a medieval name Capriscum [ 1 2 1 4 in 1 878 J. R. Danie1-Tyssen: 73-75] , Catprisc (1447 in 1 878 J. R. Danie1-Tyssen: 78] , Tir Caprisk [1697/98 D. T. M. Jones MSS: 4.763], Tyr Caprisk' [ 1 7 1 8 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/258], (c) Cae Caprys, Cae Capris (apparently prox. Llawrcwrt, 1 8-a) [ 1924-26 CSRLS 48, 63], 'ruin' Capris [ 1 92 4 26 CSRLS 59] . If so it is more than likely that cetris is a reanalysis of the obscure Caprysg; cf Gedrys (ST 1 0-85, Nantgarw, Glams.), � getriS [ 1 993 TN: 1 224 ]. Pantcoch -(SN 427-501 )[pant + coch] ; Pant-Coch OS 1 834, Pant-coch O S 1 891 , Pentref Pantcoch 1 983 Gambo n. l O This was accounted a separate quarter (W. pentre.f) of Talgarreg (1 8-a) [ 1 9 83 Gambo: 10] . Pantcoch Cottage -(SN 426-502)[tn. Pantcoch (1 8-a) + E. cottage]; Pant-coch Cottage OS 1 891 , Pant-coch Shop O S 1 904 Pantcoch Villa -(SN 427-50 l)[tn. Pantcoch (18-a) + E. villa]; Pant-coch Villa OS1 904, Pant-coch Villa 0Sc. l 950, Dolgerdd OS 1 982 PantddeJW -(SN 370-563)[pant + y + derw]; [pant�'Oeru (lento), pant'eru (allegro) J. D. & M. Jones, pant'eru D. Davies] Pant Dderw Boeth 1 779PR Llangrannog, Pant Derw 1 78 1 Larkshill MSS I, Pant-derw OS1 834, Panderew, Pantderw 1 84 1 TMS, Panterw 1 845 NLW Min.Dep. 1 256--57-B, Pant-y-dderw OS 1 89 1 Pant-y-gwndwn -(SN 438-502) [pant + y + gwndwn] ; Tir y Pant Gwndwn 1 652 Bronwydd MSS, Tir y Pan Gwndwn 1 676 Bronwydd MSS, Pant y Gwyndwn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-y-gwndwn OS 1 834, Pant-y-gwndwn OS1 891 Pantgwyn -(SN 383-527)[pant + gwyn] ; Pant Gwyn 1 727PR Llangrannog, Pant Gwn 1756/57PR Llangrannog, Pant-gwyn OS 1 834, Pantgwynn 1 843TMS Pantswllt -(SN 4 1 9-5 1 4)[pant + y + swllt] ; [2S'pan'sult 1 934 J. J. Gl. Davies p. 3 1 2, pans'wllt 1 948 GMG p. l OO] Pant y Swllt 1 760map E .Bowen, Pantswllt 1 760CF, Panswlt, Pantswllt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantswlt 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-swllt OS 1 89 1 J. Loth [1892: 209] noted that B . saout is found a s a referent in Breton toponymy "L'armoricain moyen soft, sout, dans les noms de lieux . . . , parait avoir indique une petite division territoriale analogue au fiscus carolingien . . . " . The modern meaning of swllt 'shilling' is derived from L. solidus 'firm, substantial', which came to mean 'wealth', this gave the B. saout 'cattle', and the MW. swllt 'treasury' [J. Loth in 1 888 RC: 9.272], one can compare the meaning of sou 'penny' the French reflex ofL. solidus, which arrived at that meaning through the application of solidus to a large gold coin, later made of other metals [DELF s.v. sou] . It seems to me that this meaning is unlikely in this place-name and Pantswllt (1 5-a), both of which are best compared to Bryn-y-bunt (42-b); Crugiau als. Crugiau Teirpunt (65-a); and Crug-y-ddimai (64-a), all presumably referring to the value of the lands. For another feasible meaning of swllt, see sub. hn. Sylltyn. Pant-teg -(SN 395- 5 1 1 ) [pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 Pantrynn -(SN 360-568)[pant + yr + ynn] ; [pan'trm J. D. & M. Jones] Pant yr Yn 1 73 6PR Llangrannog, Pant yr Ryn 1 759PR Llangrannog, Pantyrynne 1 760map E.Bowen, Pant yr Ynn 1 760CF, Pant y Ryn 1 76 1 PR Llangrannog, Pant Ryn 1 763/64PR Llangrannog, Pant yr Run -

.

3 19

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS 1 765PR Llangrannog, Pant yr Ynn als. Tyr Pant yr Inn 1 768 GTM MSS p.42, Pant ur Un 1 774/75PR Llangrannog, Pant yr Ynn 1 776/77PR Llangrannog, Pant-yr-ynn 1 793 sur map, Pont yr Ynwe ? 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Pant-yr-yn OS1 834, Pantryn 1 841 TMS, Pantryn 1 876 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 4, Pant­ yr-yn O S 1 89 1 , Pantyrynn als. Pantrhyn 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p.20, Shop Pantrh)rn c. 1 96 5 M.Evans vol. 2 p. 3 2, (pn.) Shaci Pantrynn 1 966 D.I.Jones p.25 Pare Hall -(SN 3 55-570)[tn. [Pen]parc (1 8-a) + E. hall] ; [park'ho:l J. D. & M. Jones] Park Hall OS 1 982 b.bet. 1 904-82 [OS1 904; OS1982]. Parcllwyd -(SN 345-5 5 1 )[parc + llwyd] ; Park Llwyd 1 805PR Llanllwchaearn, Park Llwyd 1 8 1 6PR Llandysulio Gogo, Parc-ll"Wyd OS 1 89 1 Parcpwll -(SN 346-5 52)[parc + y + pwll]; [park�'pu:il G . Jones] Parc-pwll OS 1 89 1 , Parcypwll OS 1 982 Penrallt -(SN 3 67-570)[pen + yr + allt] ; [pen'rait J. D. & M. Jones, per'allt 1 48 GMG p. 1 04] Pen yr Allt 1 760CF, Penrallt 1 78 1PR Llangrannog, Penyrallt OOS 1 81 1 , Pen'r-allt OS1 834, Penrallt 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS1 89 1 Penbont Llawrcwrt -(SN 41 3-SOO)[pen + y + pont + tn. Llawrcwrt (1 8-a)] ; Pen-bont OS1 834, Pen-y-bont OS 1 89 1 , i Ben-bont Llawrcwrt >1 945 T.J. Thomas p.29 Penbont Rhyd-y-bothau -(SN 3 58-547)[pen + y + pont + tn. Rhyd-y-bothau (1 8-a)] ; [pen'b:mt, pen,b�nt,ri:d� 'bo:Se G. Jones, pen'b�nt (ar'vo:8e) J. D. & M. Jones, pen bont rhydy bothe 1 948 GMG p. 102] Rhydyvothe 1 73 8PR Llangrannog, Pen Rhid y Both 1 743PR Llangrannog, Rhydyffordd (sic) 1 803map J. Singer, Rhydyfford (sic) 1 803map J. Singer {v.l. GMG} , Penbont OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penybont Rhyd y Fothau 1 827PR Llannarth, Pen-y-bont-rhyd-y-fothau OS 1 834, 'vill. ' Penybont 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Pen-y-bont-rhyd-y­ fothau, (c) Pont Rhyd-fothau OS 1 891 , Pen Bont 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 76, Pen-bont-rhyd-y-fothau OS 1 904, Penbontrhydyfoethau 0Sc. 1 950, Penbont-ar-fothe 1 982 Gambo n. 1 , Pen-y-bont ar Fothe 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p. 1 7 This, according t o Gw. E . Evans [1 90 1 : 2 1 ] was: "a ford, which during rainy weather was somewhat deep, possibly reaching the bothau of the wheels . . . the stock, or nave of a wheel wherein the spokes are fastened. ", this explanation seems correct, cf. Ffostrasol (1 3-a), Ffos-y-cenglau (33-b). The forms Rhyd-y­ fothau, certainly attested as early as the early nineteenth century, were understood as standing for Rhydar-/1914 [inf D . Davies] . Penrhiw(iii) -(SN 3 5 8-548)(Penbont Rhyd-y-bothau) [pen + y + rhiw]; [pe'nw J. D. & M. Jones] Pen y Rhiw Rhyd 1 643 M.Richardson MS 1 58, Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penrhyw 1 8 1 5PR Llandysulio Gogo, Penrhiw 1 81 8PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pen-'rhiw O S 1 834, Penrhiw Forthe, Penrhew Fothe 1 841 TMS, Pen­ y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Pensam -(SN 3 8 1 -548)[pen + y + sam] ; [kapel,pen'sarn D. Davies] Pensarn Chapel 1 808 in 1 946 T.Beynon p.53, Capel Pensam OOS 1 8 1 1 , Capel OS 1 834, Chapel 1 84 1 TMS, Capel Pen-sam (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Pensarn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.277, i Gapel Pensarn 1 946 T.Beynon p. 53 b. l 794 [1 851Rel cens. : 51 9] ; b. 24/06/1 798 [ 1894 J. Evans : 25 ] ; enl. 1 806, enl.c. 1 8 1 5, 1 83 3 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 9 3]; built on Tirgwyn land (1 8-a) [1 796 M. Richardson MS 201 ; 1 894 J. Evans: 25] ; denom. CM. Pentre-nacs -(SN 441 -496) [pentref + yr + *nacs]; [pentre'naks Ll. Jones, E. Williams, E. Evans, bolx;�'brm E. Evans] Pentre Nacks 1 84 1 cens. , Rhyd-y-sais (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Bwlch-y-bryn O S 1 904, Pentrenax 1 924-26 CSRLS 36, Pentre-nacs 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Bwlch y Bryn OS 1 982, Bwlch y Bryn als. Pentre Nacs 1 983 Gambo n. I O ,

321

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS The word nacs ( +- E. knacks) means 'pranks, capers, tricks', viz. "hen nacs gwael gan geffyl" [inf E. Williams] , and is found more usually as cnacs or cnacsau in southern Welsh. Perthronwy -(SN 423-509) [perth + pn. Gronwy]; [perth'ronw 1 948 GMG p. 1 04] Perth-y-ronw 1 7 1 5 M.Richardson MSS p. 426, Perth yr Onw 1 737/38PR Llangrannog, Perth Ronw 1 754/55PR Llangrannog, Perth yr Ronw 1 756/57PR Llangrannog, Perth y Ronw 1 760/61PR Llangrannog, Perth ur Onw 1 773PR Llangrannog, Perthyronw 1 788 RJJ MSS, Pertheronw 1 78 8 RJJ MS S, Perthronw OOS 1 81 1 , Esgair Onw (sic) OS 1 834, Perthygronwy, Perthygoronwy, Perthgoronwy 1 84 1 TMS, Perth-yr-onw OS 1 89 1 , Perthyronw 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. 20, Perthronw inf Pil-bach -(SN 366-526)[pil + bach]; [pi:l J. D. & M Jones, D. Davies, Ll. Jones, pfl bach 1 948 GMG p. 1 05] Pil ba� 1 742PR Llangrannog, Pyl bach 1 754/5 5PR Llangrannog, Pill bach 1 755PR Llangrannog, Pil bach 1 755/56PR Llangrannog, Pilbach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pil-bach OS 1 834, Pyllbach, Peel bach 1 841 TMS, Peel-bach 1 841 cens. , Pil-bach OS 1 89 1 , (c) FfYnon Pyl 1 924 CSRLS 47, Fferm-y-Peel OS1 982 There seems hardly any doubt that the term pi/ means a 'drain' cut to improve wetlands. B. Williams [ 1 868: 238] explained: "Pi/ . . ac y mae hetyd yn golygu ffos ddofn o ddwfr, yr hwn sydd yn gwneyd terfYn rhwng y gwahanol diroedd llaith, lle nas gellir yn hawdd godi clawdd. Y mae yn cael ei arfer yn yr ystyr hwn yn swydd GaerfYrddin. " Gw. E. Evans ( 1 90 1 : 2 1 ] of Llandysulio Gogo noted that pi/ meant a 'ditch', and that neidio'r pilau jumping the ditches' "is a common expression among boys in some districts. " The meaning is the more or less identical to pul, applied to tidal creeks and trenches of the Dyfi estuary in northern Cardiganshire, but the pronunciation is distinct southern Cardiganshire pronounces pi/ pi:l (a pronunciation attested as early as 1 798 as Pee/bach for Pil-bach, 42-a), whilst northern Cardiganshire pronounces pul prl; cf Pfl-bach (7 a ; 33-a; 42-a), Pilau (1-a), Afonpiliau als. Brouan (d). Pisga -(SN 414-5 1 3)[Bibl.tn. Pisgah] ; [piSka G. Jones] Pisgah 1 830PR Llandysulio Gogo, Capel Piscah OS 1 834, Pisgha Chapel, Pisca Chapel 1 84 1 TMS, Pisgah, Capel Pisgah (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Pisgah, Talgarreg c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 279, Pisgah, Capel OS 1 982, Pisga 1 984 Gambo n. 20 b. l 821 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 5 1 8; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279, 1 971 M. E. James: 1 1] ; ren. l 849, 1 87 1 [ 1987 B. J . Rawlins: 94) ; denom. I. Pledrog -(SN 4 1 7-497)[pelydr ? + -og] ; Pledrog 1 82 1 PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pledrog OS1 834, Pledrog O S 1 891 Whilst this is reminiscent ofpledren 'bladder', the meaning of an unattested derivative in -og in toponymy is not clear. It is probably safer to derive this name from pelydr 'shaft'. Gw. E. Evans [1 90 1 : 22] derived this name from pledryn ceibio a 4-yard length of pole used for measuring tilled land, she then explains Pledrog in a rather unclear fashion: "Pledrog means a strip of land stretched out into that which belongs to other owners," probably following the verb-noun pelydru in the meaning 'radiating'; "Daw y gair Pledrog o Pledryn, sef y pren mesur arferid i fesur tir wedi ei blowo. Telid am blowo yn ol hyn a hyn y 'stang'. Faint oedd stanged? Pwy a'n hysbysa. " [ 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 }. Pledryn is dialectal form ofpelydryn (paladr in northern Welsh) and the verb-noun plowo means 'to pare turf (with a breast plough)', is different from arddyd, aredig, or troi, the usual terms for 'to plough'. There is an identical-looking word pelydr 'pellitory' which refers to a number of plants, especially pellitory of Spain (L. Anacylus pyrethrum) which had known medicinal properties, and pellitory of the wall (L. Parietariajudaica) [GPC s.v. pelydr3 ] , however a derivative in -og usually lenites s o that w e would expect *Bledrog not Pledrog. PLWMP(i) -(SN 367-524)[plwmp]; [plump 0. Rees, hew/plump I. A. Griffiths] Plwmp OS 1 89 1 , a'r Plwmp >1 945 T. J. Thomas p.26 b. bet. 1 84 1 -9 1 [ 1 8411MS; OS1891 ] . The pump stood in the NW part of the farmyard, adjoining the house and the road-bank, and gave its name to the house (it was carried away shortly after 1 968 when the farmyard was tarmacked). A clause in the deeds of the house stipulated the right to fetch water from nearby Pil, this suggests that at the beginning there was no easily obtainable water on the spur on which Plwmp lies, and that the well (winsh) was dug later than the houses. For this reason, I believe it possible that the house might have had an earlier name, see Maescrugiau (1 8-a), Pant-y-crugiau (18-a). It later became the name of a straggling village along the roadside. For intrusive , cf tansli +- E. 'tansy'; serlog +- serog [ 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 322] . Comprising: 1 ) Capel Crugiau (1 7-a), 2) Gwynfryn, 3) Maescrugiau. 4) Cmgiau-isa, 5) Plwmp, 6) Tan-y-banc, 7) Tanddisgwylfa. Plwmp(ii) -(SN 3 78-552)[plwmp] ; [plump D. Davies] Pump Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Plwmp 1 908 WFM MS 2395/1 , Plwmp 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 3 .

.

-

322

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Inexistent [os 1 904] . Post-bach -(SN (ii)397-520)[post + bach] ; [p�st'ba:z I. A. Griffiths] Post-bach OS 1 83 4, Post bach 1 836PR Capelcynon, Post-bach OS 1 89 1 , Castle-Hill OS1 904, i Bost bach 1 967 T.Ll. Jones p.23 i) SN 397-520. 8E of the crossroads, in ruins [ 081 891 ] . ii) SN 3 97-520. NW of the crossroads. b.bet. 1 89 1-1 904 [081891 ; OS1 904] . The new house was christened Castlehill, but the old name prevailed. Pwllbladur -(SN 413-500) [pwll + y + pladur]; Pwll y Bladyr 1 8 1 6PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pwll y Bladir 1 827PR Llandysulio Gogo, Pwll-y-bladur 1 83 1PR Capelcynon, Pwllbladur 1 850PR Capelcynon, Pwll-y-bladur OS 1 891 In this name the pladur 'scythe' is probably an analogy to the shape of the pooL cf. Pwll-y-bilwg (l 5-a). Pwllgrafel -(SN 385-500)[pwll + y + grafel] ; [pu:i'gravel 0. Rees, pui'gravel E. Williams, pu:l�'gravel I. A Griffiths] Pwllgravel 1 83 5 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 88, Pwll-y-gravel OS1 89 1 Refers t o Wstrws Sand Pit [ 1 876 in 1978 M . Jones: 27] . Pwllrhesg -(SN 3 8 1 -540)[pwll + yr + hesg]; [pub'hresk D. Davies] Pwllrhesk 1 824 MRichardson MS 208, Pwll-yr-hesg OS 1 89 1 , Pwll yr Hesg 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 3 Inexistent [os 1 904] . Pwllpwdel -(SN 421 -413)[pwll + y + pwdel] ; [pm'pudel G. Jones] Pwll-pwdel OS 1 89 1 , Pwllpwdel 1 924-26 CSRLS 63 Rhydarwen -(SN 3 84-536)[tn. Rhydarwen (Llanarthne, Canns.)] ; [hri·dar'wen D. Davies, rhydir wen 1 948 GMG p. 1 07] Tu Rhyderwen 1 63 1 /32 F.Green MSS vol.25 p.20, Rhydarwen 1 71 4 M.Richardson MS 1 70, Rhydderwen 17 49PR Llangrannog, Rhyderwen 1 777PR Llangrannog, Hyderwen 1 793 M.Richardson MS 1 98, Rhyderwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydir-wen OS 1 83 4, Rhyderwen 1 841 TMS, Rhyd-yr-ywen OS 1 89 1 , Rhyderwen O S 1 904 This name emulates Rhydarwen (SN 55-19, Llanarthne, Canns.), Rydarwen [c. 1600 L. Dwnn: 2.28] , cf Rhydarwen (SN 62-30, Cwmdu, Canns.). The pronunciation of the name demonstrates it cannot contain the term derwen suggested by some spellings of this name and the Llanarthne Rhydarwen (for the latter the spelling Alit Rhyder-wen on the OS map suggests the same accentuation as this site). Furthermore the in the medial syllable is as old as c. 1 600, and is in all likelihood the original value, rather than . Rhyd Capelcynon -(SN 3 82-495)[rhyd + tn. Capelcynon ( 1 8-a)] ; [hri:d'vowr + hri:d'va:z (adj.) I.A. Griffiths] Rhyd 1 836PR Capelcynon, Beer House, Capel Cynnon Inn 1 841 TMS , Rhyd Capelcynon 1 841PR Capelcynon, Rhyd y Capel 1 843PR Capelcynon, Grange Inn 1 841 cens. , Rhyd Capel Cynnon 1 85 1PR Capelcynon, 'in its heyday called' Y Grange Inn, 'but now a ruin' Ty Ifan y Rhyd, yn Dy Ifan y Rhyd 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 82, Rhyd 1 93 1 PR Capelcynon, o bont Rhyd Capel Cynon 1 93 8 WFM M S 1 650/1 1 p.9, Y Grange Inn 1 944 T. J. Thomas p. 55, 'r Rhyd 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 56, 'i stryd fechan' Y Rhyd 1 978 M Jones p. 1 2 Bridge b. 1 892-93 [ 1 978 M . Jones: 1 2 ; 1 978 CER: 8.353 ] ; the house on the corner was an inn [ 1 938 WFM MS 1650/1 1 : 1 34] . Rhyd-fach(i) -(SN 388-532)(Gwenlli)[rhyd + bach] ; Ty newydd 1 803map J. Singer, Rhyd fach 1 8 1 8PR Llandysulio Gogo, Rhydfach 1 841 TMS, Rhyd-:ffich OS 1 89 1 Rhyd-fach(ii) -(SN 37 1 - 51 4)(Rhydfedw)[rhyd + bach] ; Rhyd-fiich OS 1 89 1 Rhyd-fach(iii) -(SN 369-5 57)(Llwyndafydd)[rhyd + bach] ; [hri:d'va:z J. D . & M. Jones, D . Davies] Rhyd-fiich OS 1 89 1 Rhydfedw -(SN 366-5 1 5) [rhyd + hn. Bedw] ; [hri:d E . Williams, hri·d�'vedu M. Thomas] Rhyd O S 1 834, Rhydyfedw 1 833PR Troedrour, Rhyd OS 1 891 Cf L lain Bedw (1 8-a) Rhyd-y-gweison -(SN 3 99-526)[rhyd + y + gweision] ; [hri:d�'gwis::m Ll. Jones] Rhyd y Knwcke Gleysson 1 5 5 1 /52 M.Richardson MS 1 47, Rhyd y Knwcke Gleison 1 665/66 MRichardson MS 1 6 1 , Rhydygwison OOS 1 81 1 , Rhyd-y-gweision OS1 834, Blaengweision 1 841 TMS, Rhydygweision (al. loc.?) 1 841TMS , Reedgwison, Blangwaison 1 84 1 cens., Rhyd-gweision OS 1 89 1 323

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS The earlier forms suggests that the element cnyciau was eliminated, if so the incongruity of a plural adjective (gleision) following a singular noun (rhyd) might have motivated a change from gleision to gweision. It is also possible that Rhyd-y-cnycau-gleison was a different location from Rhyd-y-glveison. Rhydwen -(SN 4 1 2-506)[rhyd + gwen]; Tyr Rhyd y Wen ? 1647 M.Richardson MS 1 59, Rhydowen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1, Rhyd-wen OS1 834, Rhyd­ wen OS 1 891, (pn.) Dan Rhydwen 1 93 6 LlCCLl p. 14 Rock Castle -(SN 373-566)[E. rock + castle]; Rock Castle (P.H.) OS1 891 Saint David -(SN 426-509)[E. saint + pn. David] ; St. David's Church OS 1 904, Church OS 1 982 b. bet. l 891-1 904 (OS1891; 08 1 904]. Samgaseg -(SN 406-525) [sarn + y + caseg] ; [sarn�'gaseg Ll. Jones] Sarngaseg 1 829PR Capelcynon, Sarn-gaseg OS 1 8 34, Sarn O S 1 891 Full name was Sam y Gaseg Wen [ 1 983 Gambo: 6) ; dest.c. 1 968 [ 1 983 Gambo: 1 0] . Sam-Nicol -( SN 397-494)[sarn + pn. Nicol] ; [sarn'Ik:1l Ll. Jones, sar'nik:1l I. A. Griffiths] Sarn-nicol 1 832PR Capelcynon, Sarnichol1 1 83 3PR Capelcynon, Sarnicol OS 1 891 Sbeit -(SN 3 5 8-563)[E. spite] ; [spejt J. D. & M. Jones] Spite OS 1 891 Sintwr -(SN 423- 5 1 2)[sintwr] ; Sintur 1 874PR Capelcynon, Shintwr 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Sintwr 1 924-26 CSRLS 63, (pn) John y Shintwr 1 93 6 LlCCLl p. I 4, Glandulas, 'formerly' Shintwr 1 991 Gambo n. 82, Glandulais (sign) " Syntwr. Gair o Drefdroyr am raniad neu ran. Meddai hen Wr am raniad ystad, 'Dyna oedd syntwr nhadcu ohoni'. " [B. Williams 1 87 1 letter 01/09/71 in 1 967 CER: 5.390] ; "shintwr . . . also given as a name to a widow's home' [ 1 924-26 CSRLS 48) . The term sintwr smtur - Jmtur, was also given to me by D. Davies of Castell Llwyndafydd ( 1 8-a), concerning the farm of Cnwc-yr-eithin (1 8-a) given to a certain Sara as a 'division' (r:1jd en smtur) of Clunrodyn (18-a) - in 1 841 [TMS] Sarah Griffiths owned and farmed Clunrodyn, along with the land that was to form Cnwc-yr-eithin, formed as an independent holding between 1 841-7 1 . The headmaster of Mydroulun school ( 1 924-26 CSRLS 4 8 ] derived sintwr from 'sign tower', whilst D. Davies derived it from W. seintwar 'sanctuary', none of which etymologies are convincing, it being derived from E. jointure. Sunnyside -(SN 361 -547)[E. sunny + side]; Sunnyside OS 1 982 Sychbant -(SN 401-509)[sych + pant]; Sychpant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Sychpant 1 822PR Capelcynon, Sych Bant 1 84 1 TMS Tafam Glanrafon -(SN 425-51 l )[tafam + tn. Glanrafon (22-a)]; Glan-yr-afon Arms (P.H. ) O S 1 89 1 , Glanyrafon Arms >1 945 T.J. Thomas p.33, PH 0 S l 982, yn Nhafarn Glanyrafon 1 99 1 WM 1 1 /05/9 1 p.7 TALGARREG -(SN 425-5 1 1)[tn. Talgarreg (22-a)] ; (c) Pont Tal-garreg (prox.) OS1 834, Talgarreg OS 1 891 Comprising: 1 ) Bryndelyn, 2 ) Bryneryr, 3) Cerys, 4 ) Ffatri, 5) Y Glyn. 6 ) Glanrafon (22-a), 7) Greengrove, 8) Gwalia House, 9) Llaindelyn 1 0) Llwyncelyn, 1 1) Melin Talgarreg (22-a), 1 2) Pantcoch, 1 3) Pantcoch Cottage, 1 4) Pantcoch Villa, 1 5) Penpistyll, 1 6) Saint David, 1 7) Tafarn Glanrafon, 1 8) Talgarreg (22-a), 1 9) Woodland. Tan-yr-allt -(SN 3 74- 51 8)[tan + yr + alit]; Danyrallt OOS 1 81 1 , Tanyralltdeilo 1 83 2PR Penbryn Cf Alltdeilo (1 8-b). Tan-y-banc -(SN 369-524)[tan + y + bane] ; Tan-y-banc OS1 891 Tancoed -(SN 369-553)(tan + y + coed] ; [tan�'k:>·ed D. Davies] Tan y Coed 1 8 1 4PR Llandysulio Gogo, Dancoed 1 846 NLW MinDep. 1 256-57-B, Tan-y-coed Villa OS 1 89 1 , Tanycoed 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p.22, Tancoed 1 909 WFM MS 2395/1 Tanddisgwylfa -(SN 369-524)[tan + y + disgwylfa] ; [tan'skulva R.Jones] inf Refers to Ddisgwylfa (1 8-b). Tanfron (i) -(SN 3 70-556)(Llwyndafydd)[tan + y + bron] ; [tan�'vr;,n ('1za + 'i·Ja) J. D. & M Jones, tan'vr:1n ('Iza + 'iJa) D. Davies] 324

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Tan y Fran 1 876 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 4 Tanfron-isa, now Pentwyn [inf. J. D. & M. Jones] . Tan-y-fron(ii) -(SN 405-500)(Talgarreg)[tan + y + bron] ; Tan-y-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tanfron 1 904 J.Evans p. 2 1 8 Tiresgob -(SN 3 96-529)[tir + yr + esgob] ; [ti:r'esk:lb Ll. Jones, tir esgob 1 948 GMG p. l 09] Tir Escob 1 757/5 8PR Llangrannog, Tir Rescob 1 758/59PR Llangrannog, Tre'esgob 1 760CF, Ty'r Esgob 1 762/63PR Llangrannog, Tyr Ysgob 1 763PR Llangrannog, Tyr Esgob 1 763/64PR Llangrannog, Tiresgob 1769PR Llandysulio Gogo, Tyr Escob 1 773PR Llangrannog, Tyresgob 1 803map J. Singer, Tyrysgob OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty'r Esgob OS1 834, Bank-ty'r-esgob (prox.) 1 832PR Capelcynon, Tyresgob, Tyrescob 1 841 TMS, Cae'r-gwenlli (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Tir-esgob O S 1 904 This along with Esgaireinon comprised an enclave of the bishop of Saint Davids' lordship of Dyffrynteifi [ 1808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 88; 18411MS] , how and when it became part of the bishop's land is not known. Tirgwyn -(SN 378-548)[tir + gwyn] ; [ti: r'gwm J. D. & M. Jones, ti·r'g wm D. Davies] Tir y Gwynne 1 59 1 M.Richardson MS 1 49, Tir y Gwin 1 61 6 M.Richardson MS 1 5 1 , Tyr Gwyn 1 647 MRichardson MS 1 59, Tyr Gwynne 1 7 1 4 M.Richardson MSS 1 70, Tir Gwyn 1 779PR Llangrannog, T:Yrgwin 1 796 M.Richardson MSS 201 , Tyrgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tir-gwyn O S 1 834, Tyrgwyn, Twyrgwyn 1 841 TMS, Tir-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , Ty'rgwyn als. Tygwyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 223 Trewyddei -(SN 3 9 1 -533)[tn. Trewyddel (E. May/grove, Pembs.)] ; Tre-wyddel OS1 891 As far as I was able to ascertain, the original Trewyddel als. Moylgrove (Pembs.) is pronounced tre'wi6el, and has not the gwyddyl forms of nearly all names containing gwyddel in southern Wales by OS maps. The inhabitants of Trewyddel were surnamed Shilgots Drewyddel in Cwmgwaun (Pembs.) [ 1910 w. M. Morris: 248] . Trewynt -(SN 3 5 8-565) [tref + gwynt] ; [dre: 'wmt J. D. & M Jones] Trewynt 1 81 4PR Llandysulio Gogo, Tre-wynt OS 1 89 1 , Drewynt 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 3, Trewynt 1 996 Faner Newydd n. 2 p. 23 Troedrhiw(i) -(SN 3 68-552)(Llwyndafydd)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed y Rhyw Gymanva ? 1 647 M.Richardson MS 1 59, Troed Rhu Fodidd 1 768 GTM MSS p.42, Troedrhiw 1 793sur map, Troedrhiwfedydd 1 798 GTM MSS p. 43 , Troedyrhiw OOS1 8 1 1 , Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 834, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 See sub Bronhedydd (1 8-a). Troedrhiw(ii) -(SN 4 1 9-50l)(Talgarreg)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Troedrhiw-fach -(SN 345-550)[troed + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; [tro:dnw'va:x; G . Jones] Troed-y-rhiw-mch OS1 891 , Troedrhiwfach 1 966 D.I.Jones fac.p.83 Troedrhiw Garddu -(SN 3 54-566) [troed + y + rhiw + tn. Garddu] ; [tro:d'riW (gartH) J. D. & M. Jones] Tyr Troed y Rhiew 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Troedyrhue 1 826 MRichardson MS 1 045-46, Troedyrhiw, Troedrhiw 1 84 1 TMS, Troedrhiw Garddu 1 867 NLW MS ex. 1 245, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedyrhiwgaerddu 1 901 Gw.E.Evans p.23, Troedrhiw-gardd-ddu 1 977 F.Jones introduction, Troedrhiwgaerddu 1 996 Faner Newydd p.23 The tn. Garddu at SN 34-56, lay above Carnbyrddwch (1 8-b) [inf. R. Jones] . "'Draw fan'co, dyna i ti'r Gaer ddu. Honna yw'r cythrel. ' Ynganai ei henw gyda phwyslais cyfartal ar y 'Gaer' a'r 'Ddu', a chan seinio'r 'u' yn dywyll fel rhyw hanner Gogleddwr, gan roi rhyw islais o arswyd i'r ynganiad. " [ quoting Tydfor in 1989 R. Jones: 289 ] ; cf. Gaerwen (1 8-b). Tudor Hall -(SN 3 60-559)[W-E. sn. Tudor + hall] ; [tiwd�r'ho:l J. D . & M. Jones] Tudor Hall c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. l 3 1 , Tudor Hall 08 1 904 The name Tudor is derived from Cwmtydu (1 8-a) whose real name was reputed to be Cwmtudyr, Tudyr being the Welsh original form of the name anglicised Tudor, and associated with the sixteenth-century dynasty of English kings. TY'rgof -(SN 3 76-558)[zy + yr + got] ; [ti·r'go:, now we'dr:lsva D. Davies] Wedrosfa (sign) Ty-hen -(SN 3 65-552) [ty + hen]; [ti:'he:n J. D. & M. Jones] Ty Hen 1 749PR Llangrannog, Ty-hen 1 793sur map, Tyhen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-hen OS1 834, Ty-hen 1 841 TMS , Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 , Ty-hen 0Sc. 1 950 325

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Ty-newydd

-(SN 3 83 - 5 3 8)[tY + newydd] ;

[p:JrO�'ri:d

D. Davies]

Ty newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tynewydd 1 84 1 TMS -(SN 3 7 1 - 5 1 2)[cy + yr + rhos] ;

Ty-rhos

[ti:'hro:s Ll.

Jones, I. A Griffiths]

Tyrhos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty Rhos 1 8 1 4PR Llandysulio Gogo, Tyrhos 1 8 1 8PR Llandysulio Gogo, Tir Rhos 1 823PR Llandysulio Gogo, Ty-rhos O S 1 834, Tyrhos 1 84 1 TMS, Ty-rhos OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw Tyrhos 1 966 D.I. Jones p. 80, (c) ar Riw Ty Rhos 1 978 Cardi vol. 1 1 p. 8

Ty'rysgol

-(SN 3 98-53 1 )[ cy + yr + ysgol];

Ty'r-ysgol OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 904 -(SN 423-499)(Crugerydd) [y + gwaun] ;

Waun(i)

[wejn

G. Jones]

Waun O S 1 89 1

Waun(ii)

-(SN 343-5 53)(Ciliau) [y + gwaun] ;

[wejn G.

Jones]

Waun O S 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1 904] .

Wauniwyd

-(SN 365-509)[y + gwaun + llwyd];

Weynlwyd

1 786PR Llangrannog,

[wejn'lujd G.

Wain Lwyd

Jones]

1 8 1 6PR Llandysulio

Gogo,

Wainllwyd

1 827PR

Capelcynon, Wernllwyd OOS 1 8 1 1 , 'Wern'lwyd O S 1 834, Wernlwyd 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p . 23 , Waun-1\lvyd 0Sc. 1 950, Waunlwyd OS 1 982

Rwgan

-(SN 342-5 5 1 ) [yr + pn. Gwgan ? ] ; [rug an G. Jones]

(c) Park'r Wgan + cott.

1 793sur map, Rowgan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rowgan OS 1 834

By 1 89 1 , with the original location in ruins, the name was transferred to new site The irregular mutation o f pn.

Gwgan

is prefixed; see

Godre-Wgan (1 8-a); [ 1 967 Gw. 0. Pierce: 33 1 ] . Woodland -(SN 426-507) [£. wood + land];

Rwgan (1 7-a)

[OS 1 89 1 ] .

seems evidenced by Ronwy (1 7-a), and in this case the definite article

(c)

Hwgan (Wenvoe, Glams.), Hwgan

1 772,

Saith Env'r Hwgan

1 800Yz

Woodland Cottage OS 1 89 1

Wstrws

-(SN 3 83 -498)[ ? ] ;

0. Rees, I . A Griffiths,

[ustrus

Bwlch yr Wstrws 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson

MS

(r)ostrus E.

Williams,

nvstnvs

1 94 8 GMG p. 1 1 1 ]

1 69, Wstrws 1 750/5 1 PR Llangrannog, Tyr Rwstrws

1 754/SSPR Llangrannog, Rwstrws 1 756/57PR Llangrannog, Rwstrws

1 803map J. Singer, Wstrws

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ustrws 1 822 M Richardson MS 208, Wstrws O S 1 834, Wstrys, Rhwstrws 1 84 1 TMS, Wstrws OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw'r Wstrws (prox. ) 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 86, Plas yr Wstrws 1 940 Faner 27/03/40 p . 4 This name bears a similarity t o

wystrys

'oysters', Gw. E. Evans ( 1 901 : 2 3 ] was against this derivation:

"most certainly it is not derived from 'oysters' as some allege, as the house sea. " , however, it will be noted that the full name

Bwlch-yr-wstnvs might

is

not even in sight of the

be understood as meaning 'the

pass of the oysters', in reference to the direction of Cei-newydd and the sea by which - presumably ­ produce of the sea (including oysters) would arrive to the important

Ffair Cape/eynon. Nevertheless wstnvs with wystrys, i) the development of the initial to [u] may be likened to wynwns pronounced ununs in central Cardiganshire [inf. Gw. Jones] , which comes ultimately from MF unions [DHLF s.v. ognon] , though wystrys ultimately comes from MF uistres [DHLF s.v. huitre] ; ii) the change of fmal to [u] is a wholly irregular development (likewise the Ty'r Rostrys noted by D. H. Williams [ 1 990: 34], a former tavern near the shrine of Penrhys (Ystrad-Dyfodwg, Glams.), is in reality a mistake for Tyir Rostrye 1 63 3 , � ME. (h)ostry [ 1 9 1 4 AC: 3 85, 393; GPC s.v. ostri] , and has nothing to do with wystrys or Wstrws). Another obvious line of enquiry is an English word or place­ name ending with house, which word becomes -ws in Welsh, the attempt by B. L. Jones [ 1 992: 93] to connect it with E. oast-house 'kiln' is unlikely, for we would expect *Ostos *Ostws * Wstws, all without the medial . The popular etymologies gwystn + rhos (cf wedi gwstno in reference to a withered plant) [ 1 90 1 Gw. E. Evans: 23 ] , and rhos-wrth-y-drws [inf. Rh. Thomas; 1 992 B. L. Jones: 93] can safely be there remain phonetic difficulties in connecting .

.

�

dismissed.

Ysbyty

-(SN 3 66-5 56) [ysbyty] ;

[sprti

J. D.

&M

Jones,

sbiti, sbyti

1 948 GMG p. 1 08]

Spitty 1 820PR Llandysulio Gogo, Yspytty 1 827PR Llandysulio Gogo, Ysbytty OS 1 89 1 See Hafodiwan (18-a). Ysgolcasteli -(SN 3 76- 5 5 8)[ysgol + tn.

Castell

[Llwyndafydd]

(1 8-b)] ;

[�r'�sk:Jl

D. Davies]

Caerwedros C.P. 1 967 WLS, School O S 1 982

Ysgol Gwenlli -(SN 3 92-534) [ysgol + tn.

Gwenlli ( 1 8-a)];

Ysgol Gwenlli 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 90, Gwenlli C.P. 1 967 WLS, School O S 1 982

326

�

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Ysgol Talgarreg -(SN 426-51 O)[ysgol + tn. Talgarreg (1 8-a)] ; Ysgol y Bwrdd 1 902 Cymru vol.22 p.229, Talgarreg C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol Talgarreg 1 967 T.Ll.Jones p. 1 2, Ty'r Y sgol als. Gwynfe, 'now' Nantlle (prox.) 1 983 Gambo n. 6 geonyms Alltdeilo -(SN 372-5 1 7)[allt + pn. Teilo] ; Gallt Deilo OS 1 834, Gallt Deilo OS 1 89 1 This is a very interesting name a s it was near Blaenbedw (1 8-a) (which was part o f the grange of Crugerydd, pertaining to the monastery of Whitland). As it is known that some units of lands given to the Cistercian monasteries in the twelfth century which had been possessions of native religious institutions, one is tempted to equate the grange of Crugerydd with an estate of Llandeilo-fawr (Carms.), the only memory of the earlier allegiance of these lands remaining in this place-name; cf Tan-yr-allt (18-a); Ystradteilo (50-a). Banc-y-ffair -(SN 3 89-503)[banc + y + ffair] ; Bane Capel Cynon 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 85, i Fane y Ffair, Cae'r Ffair 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 86, o dan Fane yr Wstrws 1 938 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p. 1 33, ar Fane Ffair Gynon 1 940 Faner 27/03/40 p.4 Ffeiriau Iau Dyrchafael a Chynon Ddu, on the second Tuesday after the tenth of October [1 978 M . Jones: 14] ; " Ffair Gynon Ddu troi y da i'r ty. " was a Llangeler saying about the weather) [1 899 D. E. Jones: 388] ; Ffair Gynon specialised in horses and stallions [ 1 930 J. E. J. Jones: 1 05] ; Ffair Gynon was removed to Atbar (1 1 -a) towards the end of the nineteenth century, whence it was fused with the fair at Newcastle Emlyn (Canns.) [ 1 930 J. E. J. Jones: 1 00] . Bancllywelyn -(SN 345-567)[banc + pn. Llywelyn] ; [baQki�'welm J. M Jones] Bane Llewelin 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, ar Fane Llywelyn 1 989 RJones p. 289 See Pamasws (1 8-b). Camau-llwydon -(SN 341 -562)[carnau + llwydion]; Carne Llwydon 1 793sur map Cambyrddwch -(SN 346-566) [carn + y + byrfwch]; [kum'bor()ux J. M. Jones] Gam Byrfwch 1 793sur map, Cam Brwfwch 1 924-26 CSRLS 57, Cwmbwrlwch c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62, Cwm Bwrddwch 1 924-26 D. Thomas MS B-62, Cwmbwrddwch 1 966 D.I.Jones p.20 Cf Llety-byifwch (62-a). Castell Aberdouddwr -(SN 3 55-554)[castell + tn. Aberdouddwr ( 17-a)] ; Encampment 1 84 1 TMS, Castell Aberdauddwr 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Castell (site of) OS 1 89 1 , Earthwork OS 1 982 Castell-bach -(SN 360-580) [castell + bach]; Castell-bach OS 1 834, Castell-bach (site of) OS 1 89 1 , Castell bach, settlement OS 1 982 Castell Caerwedros -(SN 376-5 57)[castell + tn. Caerwedros (e)] ; Kairwedros s. a. l 1 3 6( 1 286) Ann. Camb. (B) p.40, a Chastell Caer Wedros s.a. l l 36(1 300%) B T(RBH TJ) p. 1 1 4, a Chaerwedros s.a. l 1 3 6(c. 1 475) BS p. 1 44, Caer Wedros c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. l 30, Castell Caerwedros 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.232, Castell Caer Odros OS 1 834, Castell Llwyn Davydd als. Castell Caerwedros 1 833 S .Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p. 1 76, Castell Llwyn Davydd 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 547, Castell Gaer Odris 1 860 AC p. 60, Castell Caer Odris 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , 'sometimes called' Castell Caerwedros 'and' Castell Llwyndafydd 'respectively' 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. 9, Castell Caer-Wedros (site of) OS1 89 1 , Motte OS 1 982 For older forms of this name, see sub Caerwedros (e). Two possibilities for the etymology of the name suggest themselves: I) the name is composed of caer 'fort' and an obscure component *gwedros (which is probably a variant of *gwydros), which ties in with a tn. Y Wydros als. Gwydraws given by E. Lhuyd [c. 1 700: 1 .63] as the name of fields near Caerwys (Flints.) where there once stood a mansion. G. M Griffiths [ 1 948: 39] ventured *Gwedros - "hwyrach enw personol", and his suspicion seems to be borne out by Guyon ap Guidraus (Llanuwchllyn) [ 1 3 1 8 in 1 293 Mers.SR: 97] , and Guroc Gwydraus (Llanfachraith) [ 1 293 Mers . SR: 45], which could be early dissimilated forms of gwyrdraws 'crooked; obstinate' [ GPC s.v. gwyrdraws] . There is a saint's geneaology in a late compilation of ByS [c.1 51 0: 65], Egryn ap Gwydr Drum ap Gwedrawc (though note Gwydr is given as Gwrydr - a known name - in manuscripts MSG). Unsurprisingly, Sion Dafydd Rhys 327

(1 8) CAERWEDROS [c. 1 600: 1 30; 1 988 J. C. Grooms (B): 8-10] notes a legend of Gwedros Gawr at Caerwedros, which is likely to be derived from this place-name (a giant is noted in Caerwedros in a fifteenth-century poem 'Cywydd Cynog Sant' by Hywel ab Dafydd [ 1 987 E. R. Henken: 1 79]). G. M. Griffiths [ 1 948: 39] also questioned whether the same element was to be seen in the C.tns. Carvedras (Kenwyn), Park Vedras [ 1 87 1 J. Bannister: 27, 1 16], 0. J. Padel however [ 1 985: 53] derives the pn. in Carvedras from OC. Modred (cognate with W.pn. Medrod). I had questioned a connection with the vitrified forts of Scotland (see 1 955 F. T. Wainwright pp. 58ff, 68ft), having seen on the OS maps a Gwydryn (SH 49-68, Llanidan, Angl.), which was adjacent to ancient fortifications called Caer Idris. However, I. Williams [ 1 948: 1 07] had demonstrated that this name should be spelt Gwydnm, and was likely to contain the pn. Rhun. If *gwedros is the element gwydr (whether it be a name or a word), the -os is problematic, the only known Welsh su:fftx in -os being the diminutive plural found in plantas etc. , what would be the 'force' of gwydr + -os? Note that the MW. pns. show -aws, which in MnW. would naturally become -os. 2) The possibility that the ftrst syllable was originally car- and was subsequently reanalysed to caeru is one that should not be overlooked. That the commote-name Caereinion ( £fkrejnj:ln, £fk�r'ejnj:ln, £fk�r'inj:ln [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 74]) may also be a reanalysis of an older *Cereinion (+- * Carantiiina) is made a feasible proposition by some of its forms: Caereiniaun 1 204, Kereynion 1239, Creyngnon 1 277-78, Keyrhyngnon 1 278, Kereynon 1 286, Kareynon, Kaereynon 1 293, Creynon 1 295 [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 73] ; Kereinyawn [1 200% ByS: 60], yn Gereinavn [c. 1 475 BS: 1 58] ; Llanvair in Kerrynion [ 1 596/97 Glansevem MSS: 5], and is all the more tempting when faced with the statement of D. M. Ellis [ 1 935: 77] nNi wyddys ym mhle yr oedd 'Y Gaer'. " (Castle Caereinion is tempting, as is the river Einion, a tributary of the river Banw). If a reanalysis has occurred of the name Caerwedros, then the name could be composed of an obscure component *carwed and rhos 'spur (of land)', cf tn. Carwedjjmydd (SH 96-71 , Llanfair Talhaeam, Denbs.), Carwed (SH 58-78, Llanddona, Angl.). There also was a W. pn. Carwed: Karweth [ 1 293 Mers. SR: 58], Edeneuet ab Carueth [ 1293 Mers. SR: 77] ; M. Richards ( 1 965b: 30] suggested that Carwed was a derivative of carw 'deer'; and it seems to be this component that is found in the third-century people-name of the Carlisle area - viz. Caruetii - thought by A L. F. Rivet & C. Smith [1 979: 301-02] to derive from carw 'deer', the whole meaning 'deer-men'. I. Williams [ 1 938: 3 1 6] tentatively suggested the feasibility of -wed being a suffix of car-. S. D. Rhys [c. 1 600: 1 38] talks of a nefarious hermit called Garwed who lived at Rhiw Garwed (C\Vlllteuddwr, Rads.), it could be thought that this name was in fact falsely deducted from Carwed, though there does exist an Abergarwed (SN 81-02, Neath, G1ams.), and a nearby Ynysarwed (SN 8 1 -01). For the variation between -wedros -odros, cf. variation in Cardiganshire Welsh between zwedm X:ldm = a (ch)wedyn 'and after, so'. Though it is not possible to discern from the medieval forms (see sub Caerwedros, e) whether the ftrst component is caer or carwed, I have decided to keep the name as Caerwedros as this is the commonest form at present. The derivation gwaed + rhos "alluding to the ruddy or brown colour of the moor11 [ 1 90 1 Gw. E. Evans : 9] is to be dismissed. It is not wholly beyond question that Castell CaeJWedros stood at this site - cf. , the misidentification of Castell Mebwynion of the Welsh Bruts (see sub Cwmcastell, 22-a) by S . R Meyrick - but S . D . Rhys does place it within the parish of Llandysulio Gogo. Its site seems hampered by it being built on a col rather than on the adjoining hilltops, but it is plainly on a route that seems to have been the main medieval coastal way to Aberteift, see sub Rhydhalen (21-a) and Cyffionos ( 1 8-a). The equation of this fort with Castell Mebwynion is patently incorrect ("thought by some to be Castell Mebwynion" [ 1 83 3 S. Lewis s.v. Llandysilio-Gogo] ) , see Castell (23-b) . Craig Caevrllan -(SN 3 5 6-578)[craig + tn. Cae'rllan (18-a)] ; Craig Caerllan 1 96 1 Genhinen p.71 , i Graig Caerllan 1 966 D.I.Jones p.64, Craig-y-mor ? 1 971 Cardi vol. 8 p . 3 , Craig Caerllan OS 1 982 Craig-yr-enwau -(SN c. 3 56-575)[craig + yr + enwau] ; [krajga'renwe J. D. & M. Jones] Craig yr Enwau 1 966 D.I.Jones p. 64 Cf i Garreg yr Enwau "yn ddarn o graig mewn ogof na ellir mynd iddi . . . ond ar deid isel ", graffiti left by the inhabitants of Aberporth (5-a), first name dated 1 901 [D. Jones in 1 990 Golwg 1 1/1 1 /90: 3 1 ] ; also the cave in the Cwmrheidol area called Ty bach yr Enwau [ 1 924-26 CSRLS 3]. Cruclas -(SN 3 88-5 1 5)[ crug + glas]; [kr�klas Ll. Jones] Crug Las OS 1 834, Crug Glas 1 875 D.J.Davies p. l 3 , Crug Us (Tumulus) O S 1 89 1 , Cruclas 1 943 F. G.Payne p. 86, Crug Las 0Sc. 1 9 50, Crug Las, Tumulus OS 1 982 Crugdu -(SN 3 80-504)[crug + du]; Crug Du OS 1 834, Crug Du (tumulus) OS 1 891 �

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328

( 1 8) CAERWEDROS Crugeryr -(SN 420-503)[crug + eryr] ; Crug yr Eryr OS 1 891 Crug-yr-hwch -(SN 371 -500)[crug + yr + hwch] ; Crug-yr-hwch OS 1 834, White Stone OS1 891 , Stones OS 1 982 Y Ddalfa-fawr -(SN c. 348-572)[y + dalfa + mawr] ; Y Ddalfa fawr 1 966 D.I.Jones p.20, Y Ddalfa fawr 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Cf Swnd-yr-ynys (2-b). Ddisgwylfa -(SN 373-525)[y + disgwylfa]; Disgwylfa OS 1 834, Y Dysgwylva 'a large circular mound' 1 860 AC p. 60, Disgwylfa OS1891, (c) Lon Scwlfa 1 924-26 CSRLS 47 FfYnnonwen -(SN 422-4 1 4)[ffynnon + gwen] ; Ffynnon Wen OS1 891 Gaerwen -(SN 346-562)[y + caer + gwen] ; Gar Wen 1793sur map, Gam Wen 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Dysilio Gogo, Gam Wen OS 1 834, Y Gam Wen 1 83 3 S .Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 76, Cam-wen OS 1 89 1 , Camwen, 'more properly' Y Gam Wen 1901 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 0, Gaer-wen OS1 904, Y Gaerwen 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Pencam-wen 1 924-27 CSRLS 47, Bane Gaer-wen 1 989 RJones p. 290 An enclosure 68yds in diameter, surrounded by a rude rampart of stones [ 1 833 s. Lewis ( 1850 edn): 1 . 176] ; "Query, might it not have ben an ancient Court of justice, such as was termed Grithhail by the Scots, and Parle or Parling Hill by the Irish? The hill to the west of it is called Cwen y Cwrt [i. e. Cefncwrt (1 7-a)], i. e. The Court Hill, to this day. " [181 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Dysilio Gogo] ; stress on the Hast syllable as opposed to nearby Garddu (sub Troedrhiw Garddu, 1 8-a) [1 989 R. Jones: 289]. Gwastad -(SN 3 83-539) [gwastad] ; [Cc) ma·r'gwast�d, (c) gwast�d hridar'wen D. Davies] Gwastade 1 84 1 TMS ffirallt -(SN 344-564)[hir + allt] ; [�hwalt, �h1ralt'kdje (Cei-newydd fishermen) 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 834, �'hr1ralt J. M. Jones] Allt y Mor 1 793sur map, Hiralt Rock 1 85 1map J.Imray, Yr Hirallt 1 983 Gambo n. 3, Yr Hirallt 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p. 1 1 3 Moel-y-fadfa -(SN 43 5-500)[moel + tn. Fadfa (18-a)]; Foel y Fadfa OS1 834, Foel y Fadfa OS1 891 Parnasws -(SN 3 52-572)[E.tn. Parnassus] ; [par'nasus J. M Jones] Site of Ty-tydir, (c) Cefn Ty-tydir (prox. ) 1 793sur map, Bane Penparc 1 924-26 CSRLS 47 The furthest extension of Bancllywelyn towards Traeth Cwmtydu was so called by bois y Ciliau [inf J. M. Jones] ; the significance of Ty-Tudyr is unknown but seems connected to Cwmtydu (1 8-a). Penmoel Ciliau -(SN 343-559)[pen + moel + tn. Ciliau (1 8-a)]; [�'k:mtment A. Jones] Pen-voel-kilie 1 760map E.Bowen, Pen Moel Cilie OOS 1 81 1 , Penmoelciliau OS1 834, Pen Moel-ciliau OS 1 89 1 , Moel Gilie 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 8, (c) ym Mharc Tan-y-foel 1 966 D.I. Jones p. 79, (c) Parc-tan­ foel 1 977 F. Jones introduction, Y 'Continent' 'chwedl Jeremeia'r gof (t 1 902)' 1 984 D.G. J.Evans p. 1 0 A Ministry o f Defence look-out established here (1 984 D . J . G . Evans: 1 1 3]. Pwll-y-gwylanod -(SN c.341 -563)[pwll + y + gwylanod] ; Pwll y Gwylanod 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Below Gaerwen (1 8-a) [inf. J. M. Jones] . Pwllmwyn -(SN c. 346-5 68)[pwll + mwyn] ; [poi'mujn J. M Jones, A. Jones] a Phwll Mwyn 1 966 D.I.Jones p.20, Pwll Mwyn 1 966 Gambo n. 3 It is difficult to be sure whether pwll here refers to a 'cove' or to a 'pit' or 'mine-work'; cf. sub Romans (77a). This was a shallow mine which exported ore in 1 852 [1 982 CER: 9. 1 1 9] ; a mineral (mwyn) cave in TJWyncrou (17-b) [inf J. M. Jones]. Rhiwamwisg -(SN 400-498)[rhiw + yr + amwisg] ; Rhyw Amwysg 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 4, dros Riw'r Amwisg > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 1 3 The term amwisg 'shroud' may well allude t o a funeral route, cf. Llwyncyiff (22-a); cf Cilerwysg (25-a). Rhiwsulio -(SN 3 5 8-572)[rhiw + tn. [Llandy]sulio (1 8-a)] ; Rhiw Silio 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Rhiw Silio 1 966 D.I.Jones p.27 Samgof -(SN 3 89-540)[sam + y + gofj; [sarn�'go: D. Davies] Sam Go 1 924-26 CSRLS 47 329

(1 8) CAERWEDROS The name of the road between Hafodiwan (18-a) and Gwenlli (1 8-a). Traeth Castell-bach -(SN 359-579)[traeth + tn. Castell-bach (1 8-b)]; ar Draeth Castell bach 1 966 D.I.Jones p.94, Traeth Castell bach 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Traeth Cwmtydu -(SN 3 55-575)[traeth + tn Cwmtydu (1 8-a)] ; Cwm Tydir Creek 1793sur map, i Draeth Cwmtydu 1 966 D.I.Jones p.22, Traeth Cwmtudu 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Traetb Pengraig -(SN 3 62-583)[traeth + tn Pengraig (18-a)] ; [tra:O.lan'sdj� als. tra:S,peg'grajg J.M Jones] Traeth Pengraig 1 983 Gambo n. 3

330

( 1 9) CAERWEDROS LLANLLWCHAEARN Arba Cottage -(SN 396-590)[tn. Arba (20-a) + E. cottage]; Arba Cottage OS1 891 AIWerydd -(SN 3 83-589)[ar- + tn. Iwerydd] ; Arwerydd OS 1 904 Awel-y-don -(SN 3 87-580)[awel + y + ton] ; Awelydon OS 1 982 Bane Cefngwyddyl -(SN 392-583) [banc + tn. Cefugwyddyl (1 9-a)] ; [bagk,keven'gwi 1 9 1 4 [inf. D. Davies] . Cnwc-coch -(SN 392-568)[cnwc + coch]; Pensarne (sic) 1 846TMS, Cnwc-coch OS 1 89 1 , Cnwccoch 1 909 WFM MS 2395/1 Cnwc-yr-ychen -(SN 387-568)[cnwc + yr + ychen] ; [knuk;)'ri:x;en D. Davies] 332

(19) CAERWEDROS Cnwc-yr-ychain OS 1 89 1 Coubal -(SN 372-588)[ ceubal]; [k:ljbal Gr . Davies, coiba/ 1 948 GMG p. 46] Coibal 1 764PR Llanllwchaeam, Coubal 1 8 1 0 NLW MS 61 6-D, Coybal OOS 1 8 1 1 , Coybal OS1 834, Coybal OS 1 89 1 Coubal Lodge -(SN 374-589) [tn. Coubal (19-a) + E. lodge] ; [k:ljbal'bd3 Gr. Davies] Coybal Lodge OS 1 89 1 Crawgai - (SN 375-595)[ ? ] ; [krow'ga:l (id.?) Gr. Davies] Tythin Blaen Nant Crawgal 1 587rent, Tir Nant y Crawgall als. Tir y Moel Bach 1 697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol 4 p. 763 , Tyr Nant y Brawgoll als. Tyr y Moel Bach 1 7 1 8 Glansevin MS S p.243, Nant y Crawgal als Tythyn y Penryn Ynghrawgal 1 722/23 M.Richardson MSS p.427, Crawgar 1 760CF, Crawgal OOS 1 8 1 1 , Craw-gal OS 1 834, Crawgal 1 846TMS, Grogal O S 1 891 The 1 760 form Crawgar did lead one to suspect that the second may have arisen by dissimilation with the second , cf tn. Broniar --)- Bronial (4-a); Pwllcomor --)- Pwllcomol (12-a). However, the earlier forms all point to this name having been Nantcrawgal. It is tempting to connect the ftrst syllable of crawgal with W. crawen, B. krao, both meaning 'crust', but the second syllable -gal remains wholly obscure, cf Galdre (32-a). The masculine gender of moe! demonstrates that the alias refers to an individual named YMoe[ Bach, rather than to any topographic feature. Crawgal-bach -(SN 376-595) [ ? (+ bach)] ; Crawgal bach 1 84 1 cens., Grogal-bach OS1 89 1 , Ty Grogal OS1 982 Croesheddig-fach -(SN 389-566)[croes + ? (+ bach)] ; [kros,he�Ig 'va:z D. Davies] Crossheddig fach 1 846TMS, Croes-heddyg OS 1 8 9 1 , Croeshelygfach 1 904 J.Evans p.232, Croeseddigfach 1 904 J.Evans p. 234 Croesheddig-hen -(SN 3 92-565)[croes + ? ( + hen)]; [kros,he�Ig'he:n D. Davies, cros'eddig 1 948 GMG p.47] Tythyn Croes Hethicke 1 646/47 M.Richardson MS 1 58, Tythyn Croes Hellyg 1 652 M Richardson MS 1 60, Croeshethicke 1 695 M Richardson MS 1 66, Croshethick 1 7 1 4 M Richardson MS 1 70, Crossheddyg 1 794PR Llanllwchaearn, Croseddig OOS 1 81 1 , Crosseddig OOS 1 8 11 {v. l. GMG} , Crosshethick als Crossheddig 1 824 M Richardson MS 208, Croes-eiddig OS1 834, Crossheddig Hir, Crossheddig Hen 1 846TMS, Croes-heddyg-hen O S 1 891 , Croes Reddig Hen OS1 982 There appears to be no authority for the form Croes Eiddig given for this place by R J. Thomas [1938: 186]. Croesheddig-newydd -(SN 390-5 5 8)[croes + ? (+ newydd)] ; [kros,he�Ig 'newi� D. Davies] Blaen Croes Reddig ? 1 7 1 1 RJJ MS 4 (GMG), Blaen Croes-heddig ? 1 754 RJJ MSS, Croesheddig newydd 1 8 1 3PR Llanllwchaearn, Croseddig newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crossheddig newydd OSS1 8 1 1 {v. l. GMG} , Crossheddig newidd 1 846TMS, Croes-heddyg-newydd OS 1 891 CROSS INN -(SN 390-572)[E. cross + inn] ; Cross Inn 1 803map J. Singer, Cross Inn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cross Inn OS 1 83 4, Cross Inn OS 1 89 1 , Crossinn 1 904 J.Evans p.23 1 , i Gross Inn 1 966 D.l.Jones p. 1 8 Cwm -(SN 377-590)[cwm]; [ti'kum Gr. Davies] Cwm OS 1 891 Cwm Cefngwyddyl -(SN 393-5 8 1 ) [cwm + tn. Cefugwyddyl (1 9-a)]; Cwm Cefen Gwyddil 1 841 cens. , Cwm of Cefen y Gwiddil 1 846TMS Cwmhalen -(SN 396-589) [ cwm + hn. Halen]; Cwm-halen OS 1 982 A housing estate. Cwmsulio -(SN 360-577)[cwm + tn. [Llandy]sulio (1 8-a)] ; Tyddin y Cwm 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.763, Tythin y Cwm als Cwmdissilio 171 8/1 9 D.T.M.Jones MSS p. 764, Cwm Llantisilio 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Cwm Silio 1 803map J. Singer, Cwmdissilio OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ceven Cwm Silio (prox.) 1 81 9PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Cwm-dissilio OS 1 834, Cwm Llantisilio OS1 891 , Cwm'silio c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 3 1 For E. R Horsfall-Turner Cwmsulio was the whole valley below the church of Llandysulio (18-a), similar to the later usage of Cwmtydu (1 8-a). Dolnant -(SN 3 85-554)[dol + y + nant] ; Dolnant 1 890 WFM MS 2395/1 , Dol-nant OS1 89 1 , Dolnant OS1 904 Dolwen -(SN (ii)3 89-547)[d61 + gwen]; [dol'wen D. Davies] 333

( 1 9) CAERWEDROS Dolwen 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Ddolwen 1 846TMS, Dol-wen OS 1 89 1 , Dolwen OS 1 982 i) SN 388-546. 1 846. ii) SN 38 9-547. 1 891 . Dowcws -(SN 3 85-548)[ ? ] ; [dowkos D. Davies] in£ The nW. vn. dowcio, derived from border English douk [EDD s.v. duck3 ], means 'to duck, to plunge', if this name can be explained as composed of dowc + -ws (+- E. house), we may have a name that is related to the washing of sheep. But until we find some confirmatory evidence, this must remain a very speculative derivation. The f. pn. Mary Dok, the name of a character in this area [ 1 977 E. Wiliam: 2 1 ] may have a connection with this place, or may simply have been named so as she was considered a doctor. Dre-fach -(SN 3 8 5-558) [y + tref + bach] ; [dre·'va:z D. Davies] Drefach 1 766PR Llanllwchaearn, Trevach 1 782PR Llanllwchaearn, Frofach (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tre-fach O S1 834, Drefach 1 846TMS, Trefach 1 853 WFM 1 708, Dre-ffich OS 1 891 Eden -(SN 395-556)[Bibl.tn. Eden] ; Eden 1 84 1 cens. , Eden 1 846TMS, Eden Cottage O S 1 89 1 , Eden 1 909 WFM MS 23 95/1 Inexistent [os 1 904 ]. Ffald -(SN 3 8 1 -582)[ffald]; [fald D. Davies] Ffald OS 1 834, Ty-ffald OS 1 89 1 , Ffald 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 74, Ty-ffald OS 1 982 " She said the name of her cottage was 'Ffald' which meant the 'pound', formerly there;" [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 74] . Ffatri Nantpele -(SN 372-568)[ffatri + tn. Nantpele (18-a)] ; [ o:lJ melm'wla:n (desc.) D . Davies] Nant-y-pelau Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 Fforchcwm -(SN 3 90-575)[fforch + y + cwm] ; [f:JrX'kom . . . f:Jrz'gom Gr . Davies] Ffwrchgwm 1 760CF, Fforch y Cwm 1 786PR Llanllwchaearn, Fforchycwm OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fforch Cwm 1 824PR Llanllwchaeam, Fforch-y-cwm OS1 834, Porch Cwm 1 846TMS, Fforch-y-cwm OS 1 891 , Fforchcwm 1 966 D.I. Jones p. 3 8 This may either: 1 ) refer t o the valleys o fAjon Rhydfenvig and Hafen, which fork away from one another below Cross Inn (1 9-a) village; or 2) refer to the junction of the two streams l OOm below the present site. I believe the second meaning is likelier; cf. Fforchegel (SN 72-09, Llangiwc, Glams.), above a forking of the river Egel. Ffynnongynnen -(SN 3 85-574)[ffynnon + y + cynnen] ; [ffynnon gynnen 1 948 GMG p.48] Ffynnon Gynnen 1 8 1 7PR Llanllwchaearn, Ffynnon y Gynnen 1 8 1 9PR Llanllwchaearn, Ffynnon-gynhen O S 1 89 1 Ffynnonlas -(SN 3 92-570)[ffynnon + glas] ; [f�n:m'la:s Gr. Davies] Ffynnonlas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynnon-las OS1 834, Ffynnonlas 1 846TMS, Ffynnon-las OS 1 891 Frongoch -(SN 401 -563)[y + bron + coch] ; [vr:Jg'go:z E. &H. Thomas] Frongoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fron-goch OS 1 834, Vrongoch 1 846TMS, Fron-goch OS 1 891 Glannant -(SN 3 82-562)[glan + y + nant]; [glan'ant D. Davies] Glan-nant OS 1 891 Glansoden -(SN 3 86-547)[glan + hn. Soden]; [glan'soden D. Davies] Glan-soden OS1 891 Gorslwyd -(SN 3 84-568)[y + cors + llwyd]; Gorslwyd 1 772 Beckingsale MS S vol. 1 p. 72, Gors-llwyd OS1 834 Greenhill -(SN 3 85-584)[E. green + hill] ; Greenhill Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Green Hill OS 1 904 Gwastad-maWJ· -(SN 384-586)[gwastad + mawr] ; [gwastod 1 948 GMG p. 50] Gwastod mawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwastad-mawr OS1 834, Gwastod mawr 1 846TMS, Gwastad-mawr OS 1 89 1 Gwaunrefaii -(SN 3 85-573)[gwaun + yr + gefail] ; [wainr efe / 1 948 GMG p. 50] Gwaunyrefel 1 772 Beckingsale MSS vol. 1 p. 72, Gwainyrefel 1 786 Beckingsale MSS vol. 1 p. 72, Gwaunyrefel 1 795 in 1 926 RE.Bevan p.78, Gwern'r-efail OS 1 834, Waunyrefel 1 846TMS, Gwainrefail 1 890 WFM MS 2395/1 , Gwern-yr-efail OS 1 89 1 , Waunyrefel als Gwernyrefel, 'pron.' Gwarefel 1 924-26 CSRLS 43 Gwaunrefail-fach -(SN 387-573) [gwaun + yr + efail (+ bach)] ; [wajn,revel'va:z Gr. Davies] Gwaun Refail fach 1 890 WFM 2395/1 , Gwern-yr-efail-:Iach OS 1 891 '

334

(19) CAERWEDROS Holy Trinity -(SN 391 -571)[E. holy + trinity] ; Church (Chapel of Ease) O S 1 89 1 , Holy Trinity Church (sign) b. 1 871 [ 1 933 E. B. Davies : 3 1 ] ; reb. 1 904 [ sign] ; mission church oedd hi [inf Gr. Davies] . Llain -(SN 400-564) [llain] ; [iajn E. & H . Thomas] Llaine John ? 1 695 M.Richardson MS 1 66, Llwyn John als. Llwyn Sion ? 1714 M.Richardson MS 170, Llain 1 846TMS, Llain OS 1 891 Llaingrog -(SN 3 87-5 85)[llain + y + crog] ; [iajn'gro:g Gr. Davies, llaingrog 1 948 GMG p. 50] Llainygrog 1 790 NLW Deeds MS 1 264, Llainygrois 008 1 8 1 1 , Llain y Grog 1 846TMS, Llain-y-grog OS 1 89 1 , Llaingrog OS1 982 Llainlwyd -(SN 3 84-551)[llain + llwyd] ; [lajn'lujd D. Davies] Llainllwyd 1 846TMS, Llain-1\Vyd OS 1 904 Llainoerfa -(SN 3 80-58 8) [llain + yr + oerfa] ; Llain yr Orfa 1 737 Glansevin MSS, Llanorfa 1 870s in 1 987 W.J.Lewis p.2 1 , Blaen-yr-yrfa OS1 89 1 , Blaen-yr-yrfa OS 1 904 See Blaen Penrhyn (1 9-a). Llainwen -(SN 393-550)[llain + gwen] ; Llain Wen 1 846TMS, Llain-wen OS1 891 Llwynhelyg -(SN 3 83- 565)[llwyn + helyg] ; [lujn'hehg D. Davies] Llwyn-helyg OS 1 891 , Llwynhelig OS 1 982 Llwynpiod -(SN 3 85 -552) [llwyn + y + p"io d] ; [4-ujn'pi:>d D. Davies] Llwyn-p"iod OS1 891 Llwynwermwnt -(SN 376-5 81) [llwyn + wermwd] ; [lujn'wermunt D. Davies, llwy(n) wermwnt 1 948 GMG p. 5 1 ] Carn y Geifrr 1 754 Penty Park MSS, Carnygeifrr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Carn-y-geifr OS1 834, Llwynywernwnt 1 846TMS, Llwyn-wermod OS 1 891 This refers to the woody shrub used for medicinal purposes known in English as wormwood (L. Artemisia). In Cwmgwaun (Pembs.) this plant was known as wermwnt or wermwd [ 1 91 0 W. M. Morris: 3 1 7] , in northern Welsh as wermod (which explains the 1 891 form). D. B. James's misgivings [ 1 99 1 : 229] on the coupling of the woody shrub wermwd, used for medicinal purposes with llwyn 'bush' appears to be without foundation. It may well be that this particular example of Llwynwermwnt is a name emulating, either, the mansion called Llwynwermwd (anglicised as Llwynwormwood) (SN 77-3 1 , Myddfai, Carms.), or, Llwyn (SN 64-43 , Llan-y-crwys, Carms.), Llunwermon [>1271(1 332) cart Tal-llychau (b): 162] , Llwyn Chwermon (� Chwermon Gawr) [c . 1 600 s. D. Rhys : 1 34] , Llwyn Wormwood [OS 1 834] , o'r Llwyn [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 47] (the form L lwynwermod [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 128] , as with the 1 891 form of Llwynwermwnt, is likely to be literary form). The earlier forms of the Llancrwys name may be point to another element having been reanalysed as wermwd, that element being reminiscent of the second element of Deri-Wrman (29-a); cf Castellgeifr (22-a).

Loj Dre-fach -(SN 3 82-560)[loj + tn Dre-fach ( 1 9-a)] ; [bd3,dre'va:z D. Davies] The Lodge OS1 891 , Lodge OS1982 MAEN-Y-GROES -(SN 3 84-586) [tn Maen-y-groes (20-a)] ; [ma:n�'gr:>es Gr. Davies, man y groes, maen y groes 1 948 GMG p. 5 1 ] Maen-y-groes O S 1 891 Melinpompren -(SN 3 80-560)[melin + y + pompren] ; [vehm'p:>mpren, had heard of p:>mpren'kruka D. Davies,felin bompren 1 948 GMG p.48] Pontbren Grwca 1 795 in 1 926 RE.Bevan p. 78, Pont Bren Crwca 1 803map l Singer, Pomprencrwca 1 846TMS, Pontprencrwcca 1 853 WFM MS 1 708, Felinpontbren 1 887 NLW MS ex. 1 245, Trevach Mill als Pontbren Crwcca als Felinpontbren 1 887 WFM MS 1 708, (c) The Mill Bank (prox.) 1 887 WFM MS 1 708, Felin Bontbren (Corn) OS1 891, Pontbren Mills 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p. 1 9, Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Dre-fach Mill als Melin Bompren 1 977 E.Wiliam p. 8 This was originally pt. and parcel of Dre-fach [ 1 853 WFM MS 1 708] , the mill having been built c. 1 852-53 by Evan Evans, a millwright of Cei-newydd (20-a) [ 1 977 E. Wiliam: 8], see Windmill ( 1 9-b). The mill stopped working in 1 957 [ 1 977 E. Wiliam: 1 0] , and the actual mill was dismantled in 1 970 (1 969 [ WFM MS 2764] ) , for reassembly at the Welsh Folk Museum at Saint Fagan (Glams.), and opened to public in 1 977 [ 1 977 E. Wiliam: 3 ] ; the other buildings ofMelinpompren have remained here [inf. D. Davies] . Melin Nantpele -(SN 3 7 1 -569) [melin + tn. Nantpele (1 8-a)] ; [mehn,nant�'pele D. Davies] 335

(19) CAERWEDROS Felin Nantypele OOS 1 81 1 , Felin OS1 834, Felin Nant-y-pelau (Corn) OS1 891 Melin Synod -(SN 390-546)[melin + tn. Synod (1 9-a)] ; [velm'sm:Jd D. Davies, velm'san:Jd Ll. Jones] Melin y S sinod 1 728/29 BRA (1 955) MSS, Synod Mill 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Felin Synod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin Synod O S 1 834, Synod Mill 1 841 TMS Llandysulio Gogo, Felin 'Synod (Corn) OS 1 891 , Synod Mill House + Synod Mill OS1 982, (c) Lon y Felin 1 996 CN 21/06/96 Nantpele -(SN 3 73 -570)[nant + y + ? ] ; [�nam'pel·e 1 93 4a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 3 1 2, nanta'pele D. Davies, nanty pele, nampele 1 948 GMG p. 52] Nant y Pelle 1 760CF, Nant y Pele 1 803map J. Singer, Nantypele OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantpel-le 1 8 1 4 NLW MS 61 6-D, Nantypele 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 98, Nant-y-pelau OS1 834, Nantypelle fach (prox.) 1 841 cens. , Nant y Pellau 1 846TMS, Nant-y-pelau OS 1 891 The term pele was considered to be a bird [inf. D. Davies] , probably pela 'tit' (L. Paridre), which was pronounced per/a glas bach 'blue tit' in eastern Carmarthenshire [GPC s.v. pela] . The fmal [-e] in this name cannot be reconciled to the [-a] on all forms of pela. On account of the vocalism of the ftrst syllable it is unlikely to be belau 'marten', or the obscure element of Penbrynpele als Berthlwyd (76-a); cf Rhiwnant (1 9-a). Nouadd -(SN 3 83-599)[neuadd] ; [neja� Gr. Davies, n:Jja� 0. Jones (Aberarth)] Noyadd y Tewyn als. (sic) Tyr Eglwys als Tiryplas 1 786 NLW Deeds MS 1 260, Noyadd y Town 1 791 in 1974 CER vol. 7 p.298, Noyadd-yr-towyn, Ty-yr-plas 1 791 in ATL P14. 284. 9, Neuadd OS1 834, Tyr Noyao 1 84 1 cens. , Noyadd, Noyadd Farm 1 846TMS, Neuadd OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Tornmy'r Plas 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p . 9 Cf Porth-yr-eglwys (20-a). Pant Clunhir -(SN 388-565) [pant + tn. Clunhir]; [ �pagklm'hi:r 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 3 12, pant,glm'hi:r D. Davies] Pantclyntar (sic) 1 807 in ATL P 1 4. 284.9, Pantclynhir OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-y-clyn-hir O S 1 834, Pantclyn Hyr 1 846TMS, Pant-clyn-hlr OS 1 89 1 , Pant-clyn-hir 0Sc. 1 950 The realisation collected in the 1 930s, and that collected by me shows the progress of the common reanalysis of clun- to glyn-. Pant-y-coUman -(SN 3 88-584)[pant + y + ? L [panta'k:Jtman Gr. Davies] Pant-y-colman OS1 89 1 , Pant-y-collman OS1 904 Pantgwartheg -(SN 394-5 56)[pant + y + gwartheg] ; [panta'gwarOeg E. & H. Thomas] Tir Pant y Gwartheg 1 646/47 MRichardson MS 1 58, Tythyn Pant y Gwartheg 1 652 M.Richardson MS 160, Pantygwartheg 1 846TMS, Pant-gwartheg OS1 891 Pantlleinau-bach -(SN 403-556) [pant + y + lleiniau (+ bach)] ; Panty Lleine bach 1 846TMS Pant-teg -(SN 392-587)[pant + teg]; [pant'eg 1 948 GMG p. 53] Panteg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-teg OS1 834, (c) Cae Panteague 1 837TMS Llanina, Pontague 1 846TMS, Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 , Panteg OS 1 982 Parcau -(SN 3 89-5 59) [parciau] ; [parke D. Davies] Park, Parke 1 846TMS, Rhyd-yr-halen (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-yr-halen (sic) OS 1 904, Parke OS 1 982 See Rhyd-yr-halen (1 9-a). Parcllwyd -(SN 378-589)[parc + llwyd] ; Parc-ll"Wyd OS1 891 In ruins [OS1 904]. Penralltgoch -(SN 383-556)[pen + yr + aUt + coch] ; [pen,raH'go:x D. Davies] Penrallt Goch 1 846TMS, Pen-yr-allt-goch OS 1 891 Penralltwen -(SN 384- 5 5 1 ) [pen + yr + aUt + gwen] ; [penraH'wen, pralt'wen D. Davies] Penralltwyn 1 846TMS, Pen-yr-allt-wen OS 1 89 1 , Penralltwen OS1 982 Pen-y-banc -(SN 3 90-584)[pen + y + bane] ; Penybanc (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen y Bank 1 846TMS, Waun-!ach OS 1 904 Pencnwc-isa -(SN 391 -570)[pen + y + cnwc (+ isaf)] ; Penknwck 1 768 Llanllyr MSS, Pencnwc 1 846TMS, Penycnwc 1 848 NA MSS, Pen-cnwc-isaf OS1 891 Pencnwc-ucha -(SN 391 -567)[pen + y + cnwc (+ uchaf)] ; Pen-cnwc-uchaf O S 1 891 , Pencnwc bach O S 1 982 Pendre -(SN 3 90-572)[pen + y + tref]; [pen'dre: D. Davies] 336

( 1 9) CAERWEDROS Clos Pendre 1 996 CN 21 /06/96 Peniel -(SN 3 89- 573)[Bibl.tn. Penuel]; Capel Penuel (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Penuel (N. Quay) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, Ysgoldy Penuel Crossinn 1 904 J.Evans p. 23 1 , Capel OS 1 982 b.c. 1 869, made church 1 873 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 23 1-32] ; b. 1 872 [ c. 1 902 E. R Horsfall-Turner: 277; sign] ; b. 1 874 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 1 3 7] ; reb. 1 91 0 [ sign]. Penlan Cefn -(SN 388-5 82)[pen + y + glan + tn. Cefn[gwyddyl] ( 1 9-a)] ; Penllan Cefn 1 846TMS Penllain -(SN 3 94-55 1 )[pen + y + llain]; Penlain, Penllain 1 846TMS, Pen-llain OS 1 89 1 Penlon(i) -(SN 3 95-559)(Penrhiwgaled)[pen + y + Ion]; [£S'pe'lo:n 1 934a J . J. Gl. Davies p.3 1 6, pen'lo:n, now pen,lo:n'park E. & H. Thomas, pel'on 1 948 GMG p. 54] Penlan newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'lan-newydd OS1 834, Penlone 1 846TMS, Pen-Ion OS1 891 This site a caravan park at present [ inf E. & H. Thomas] . Penlon(ii) -(SN 3 86-588)(Llaingrog)[pen + y + Ion] ; Pen-lon OS1 891, Penlon 1 933 E.B.Davies p.25 Pennant -(SN 38 6-549)[pen + nant]; [penant D. Davies] Pennant 1 846TMS, Pennant OS 1 891 Penrhipyn -(SN 3 73-567) [pen + y + rhipynL [pen'hripm D. Davies] Penrhippyn 1 841 cens. , Penrhippyn 1 890 WFM MS 23 95/1 Penrhiwllyn -(SN 383-596) [pen + rhiw + yr + llyn] ; Penrhiw ? 1 760CF, Pen-rhiw-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw-llyn OS1 904 As this place adjoins Penrhiwllan(ii) (20-a) one suspects it is the same name. Penrhyn-fach -(SN 379-597)[pen + rhyn (+ bach)] Pendryn fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-rhyn-fach OS 1 834 Penrhyn-fawr -(SN 3 78-596)[pen + rhyn (+ mawr)]; [pendrm Gr. Davies, £S'pendrm 1 934a l l Gl. Davies p.320, pendrin 1 948 GMG p.55] Tythyn y Penryn, Nant y Crawgal als. Tythyn y Penryn Ynghrawgal 1 722/23 MRichardson MSS p.427, Pendryn fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-rhyn-fawr OS1 834, Pendryn 1 841 cens., Penrhyn 1 846TMS, Pen-rhyn OS 1 89 1 , Penrhyn OS 1 904 PENTRE'RBRYN -(SN 397-553)[pentref + tn. Bryn[rhiwgaled] (22-a)] ; Pentre'r Bryn 1 995 29/1 2/95, Pentre'r Bryn 1 996 CN 21 /06/96 This name received official recognition by the authorities in 1 995 [ 1 995 CN 2911 2/95] ; a loose roadside village that has coalesced between Synod (22-a) and Cross Inn ( 1 9-a). Comprising: 1 ) Blaendelins, 2) Brownhill, 3) Brynclap, 4) Brynfa, 5) Brynllwyd, 6) Bryngwyn, 7) Brynrhiwgaled (22-a), 8) Brynsynod (22-a), 9) Brynteg, 1 0) Eden, 1 1 ) Golygfryn (22-a), 1 2) Isfryn (22-a), 1 3) Penlon.

Pleasant View -(SN 3 86-5 82)[E. pleasant + view] ; Pleasant View O S 1 89 1 Potre -(SN 375-578) [ ? ] ; [p;1tre D. Davies, potre 1 948 GMG p. 55] Pottre 1 760CF, Pottre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Potre OS 1 834, Pottre OS 1 89 1 From bod + tref £ 1 948 G. M . Griffiths : 34] , but from E. pottery [inf. D. Davies] . Pwll-y-badell -(SN 384-574)[pwll + y + padell] ; Pwll y Badal1 1 846TMS, Pwll-y-badell OS 1 891 Pyrlip -(SN 3 68-584)[ ? ]; [p�rhp Gr. Davies, p 'yrlip 1 948 GMG p. 52] Pant-byrlip O S 1 834, Purlip, Ty'r Pwrlip 1 84l cens., Burlip 1 846TMS, Pant-byrlib OS1 891, Pant-byrlib OS 1 904, (c) Bane Pirlip 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Byrlip 0Sc. 1 950, (c) yn Be'lon Pyrlip 1 983 Gambo n.6 Cf Pyrlip ( 1 4-a). Rhiwnant -(SN 373-568)[rhiw + nant] ; [hriWnant D. Davies] Rhiwnant 1 846TMS, Ty Evan Lloyd (Rhiwnant) 1 867 NLW MS ex. 1 245 This name may be interpreted as a hydronym, just like the river and farm named Rhiwnant (SN 89-61 , Llanwrthwl, Brees.), however, the stream i t refers t o appears to have also been called Nantpele ( 1 9-a), so that one is tempted to understand this name as simply meaning 'the ascent of the stream', the stream being named Nantpele. Rhyd Tan-Dre-fach -(SN 3 81 - 562)[rhyd + tan + tn. Dre-fach (1 9-a)] ; [reta'ma:z, hri·d,dan,dre·'va:x D. Davies] 337

( 1 9) CAERWEDROS Rhyd-rach OS 1 89 1 , Rhydtarnfach 1 924-26 CSRLS 47

If the form of 1 924--26 can be trusted the original form of this name was *Rhydharn-fach, cf Rhydrhaearn (22-a), called Rhydyrheiamfawr in 1 875. However, this place does lie below Dre-fach (1 9-a). Rhydferwig -(SN 379-5 80)[rhyd + tn. Ferwig (2-a)] ; [hri·d�'verwig D. Davies, rhyd yferwig 1 948 GMG p. 56] Rhyd y Verwig 1 754 Penty Park MS S, Rhyd y Ferwig 1 760CF, Rhydyferwig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydferwig 1 846TMS, Rhyd-ferwig O S 1 89 1 , Rhyd-y-ferwig O S 1 904 Though it seems probable that this refers to

Ferwig near Abertei:fi,

it is not at all clear why this should be,

the main coast way in medieval times did go nearer here than the present main road (see sub Rhydhalen,

21-a),

but one can hardly imagine

Ferwig to

be the main aim of this road, that led to Llwyndafydd, and

Rhyd Aberteifi (cf (c) Pen Rhiw Aberteifi at in the direction ofAberteifi (1-a) [ 1 806 in 1793sur map] ). R. J. Thomas the name of the stream after the OS Afon Ferwig, which proves to be a

then Abertei:fi. A more appropriate name would have been SN 3 1 7-534 near Llangrannog village,

[1938: 1 89]

believes that Ferwig is

curtailment ofAjon Rhydferwig, i. e. derived from this place; see Ferwig (2-a).

Rhyd-yr-halen -(SN 3 86-562)[rhyd + yr + halen] ; [hri·d 1 945 T.J. Thomas p.44, Cei newydd 1 957 WGaz. 1 0/01 157, i'r Cei 1 958 H. G. Davies p.24, Y Cei c. 1 965 MEvans vol. l p. 5, ar ddiwrnod :ffair Cei c. 1 965 M.Evans vo1. 1 p. 1 , i Gei newydd 1 966 Cardi vol. 1 p. 2 1 , Ceinewy' 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 59, yn Cei 1 988 D. Thorne p. 1 4 341

(20) CAERWEDROS The name Cei-newydd refers to the quay at Penpolion (20-b), which - ironically - is since 1 83 5 the old quay. Cei-newydd was nothing more than a hamlet before the building of the new pier in 1 83 3-3 5 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 1 23 ; 1 971 M. E. James: 5 1 ; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 5-7] ; " Tynnodd y gwaith newydd llawer o bobl i'r ardal . . . " [ 1971 M. E. James: 51 ] ; Cei-newydd increased in the late 1 830s [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 9 ] ; by the 1 860s it had 2,000 inhabitants [ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 1 8 ] . The first ship attested to have been built in Cei-newydd was in 1 779, the number of ships built increased in the nineteenth century, to reach a peak in 1 860, thereafter a slow decline until shipbuilding ceased in 1 900 [ 1 974 CER: 7.275, 297] ; the ships were built on the slips at Dolau, Penpolion and Traethgwyn [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 1 23 ] , as well as at Cei-bach (21 -a); cf Cae­ bociau (20-b). The railway station called New Quay Road in English (New Quay Road [ 1 9 1 8 Geninen: 36.76] ), was called Stesion Cross Inn fach (SN 45-39, Llanfihangel-ar-arth, Carms.) in Welsh ( 1 976 CER: 8.35] . D. Arthen Evans [ 1 927: 1 54] noted: "Nid ar bob gorsaf rheil:ffordd yng Nghymru y gwelir ein henwau Cymraeg yn gwbl ddilwgr. Gwrthdystiwyd fwy nag unwaith yn erbyn y cyfryw, a llwyddwyd i'w newid er gwell. Trowyd 'New Quay Road' yn 'Fryn Tern'. " ; a carrier served between this station and Cei-newydd [c. 1 965 M. Evans: 1 .62 ] . "New Quay is pronounced with the accent on 'New', which distinguishes it from Newquay in Cornwall, always pronounced as if spelt 'Newky'. " [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 74] , by which he meant - in modern terms - that the accent on the Cardiganshire New Quay falls on quay, i e. standard English, *njuw'kii

(Cards.) rather than * 'njuwki (Cornwall). The nicknames of the inhabitants were: Angylion Ceinewydd [ 1 91 1 J. c. Davies: 330 ] ; Angelion Ceinewydd [1 938 LlCCLl: 34] ; gwi,lan�d,ba:z�'kej [inf o. Jones, Aberarth] . Comprising: 1 ) Ael-y-bryn, 2) Bethel, 3) B1ac-1eion, 4) Brondolau, 5) Brontywyn, 6) Brynarfor, 7) Cae-bociau (20-c), 8) Cape1tywyn, 9) Clifton House, 1 0) Clungolau, 1 1) Cnwc-y-glap (20-c), 1 2) Cylch-y-llan, 1 3) Do1au, 14) DOlwig, 1 5) Loj, 16) Pengeulan, 1 7) Penrhiwllan(i), 1 8) Penrhiwllan(ii), 1 9) Penrhiwllyn (19-a), 20) Penwig, 21) Plas-bach, 22) Porth-yr-eglwys, 23) Queens, 24) Rhiwffransus (20-c), 25) Rhiw-wig (20-c), 26) Sailors Home, 27) Tabernacl, 28) Towerhill, 29) Troedrhiwllan, 30) Ysgol Cei-newydd, 3 1) Ysgoldy. Clifton House -(SN 3 87-599)[E.tn Clifton + houseL Clifton House OS 1 89 1 Clungolau -(SN 390-595)[clun + golau] ; Clyngole issaf 1 841 cens. , Clyngolau 1 846TMS, Glyngoleu 1 974 CER vol. 7 p.272 Clungolau-ganoi -(SN 3 89-593)[clun + golau (+ canol)] ; Glyn-goleu OS 1 834, Clyngolau cenol 1 846TMS Cwmgido-isa -(SN 3 87-594)[cwm + gido (+ isaf)]; Cwm OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Gido 1 81 8 NLW MS 61 6-D, Cwm OS1 834, Cwmgido isaf 1 84 1 cens., Cwmgido issa 1 846TMS, Cwm-gido OS 1 89 1 , Cwmgiddo 1 986 CER vol. l O p.301 The element Gido is supposed to be a hydronym (1 948 G. M. Griffiths: 42] , cf Gido (d), but the valley was usually called Cwm Blac-leion, the river Afon Blac-leion (d). The term gido probably meant 'kid' (see sub Mot-y-gido, 22-a), and can be compared to Cwmgeifr (70-b). Cwmgido-ucha -(SN 3 86-591) [cwm + gido (+ uchaf)] ; Cwmgido uchaf 1 841 cens. , Cwmgido uchaf 1 846TMS Cylch-y-llan -(SN 395-598) [cylch + y + llan] ; [kdz�'lan Gr. Davies] Cylch y Llan OS 1 982 A housing estate. Dolau -(SN 388-600)[dolau] ; Dolau 1 807 ATL P 1 4. 284.9, Low Dollys 1 820 in 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p. 1 2, P.H. OS 1 89 1 , Dolau c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 20, a'r Dolau Inn >1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 52, Dolau uchaf (prox. , up from Dolau) 1959 n. c. ATL P 1 4. 94, Y Dolau 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 4, Dolau uchaf (next door) 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 24 DOiwig -(SN 3 87-599)[dol + y + wig] ; Ddolwig 1 841 cens. , Dol-wig OS 1 891 Llanllwchaeam -(SN 3 84-599) [11an + pn. Llwchaearn] ; [lan,iuz'ejarn in£] Lanluchaern 1 284 CalChR p.275, Lanlukaern 1 348 CalPR p. 27, Lanlochaeriz 1 3 50 CalPR p.6, Lanlochean 1 361 CalPR p. 89, Llanlloghaeron 1 3 89 CalPR p. 20, Llanllwchayern 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 800, Llanllwhaern 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Llanllonghaiarne 1 53 5 VE p. 394, Ll. Llwch Hayarn c. 1 566 EPC, Llanllwchayrn 1 574 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.244, Llanllohayrne 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanlloharn 1 587rent, Llan Llychwaiarn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p .82, Llanllwchwyn 1 604 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p. 1 57, Llanychaiarne (sic) 1 614 Prob. St-David, Llanllwchayarne 1 634 F. Green MSS vo1.25 p. 1 8, Llanlowhayrn 1 652 M Richardson MS 1 60, Llanychairon, Llanychainon (sic) 1 7 1 4 MRichardson MS 1 70, Llanllwchaiarn 1 7 1 4 RJ.Jones MS 1 9, Llanlhwch-hayarne 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, 342

(20) CAERWEDROS Llanllwchhayarn 1 754 Penty Park MSS, Llanllwchdirn 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanllwchayam, Chlanluhayam 1 776map MMackenzie, Llan Llwch Haiarin 1 799EPC, Llanllwchayarn OOS 1 81 1 , Llanwch Hayarn als. Llanychaiam 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.333, Llanllwchaiam OS1 834, Llanllwchaiarn, St. Llwchaiarn's Ch. (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 , Llanllwch-haiam 1 904 J.Evans p. 21 1 Dedicated to Llwchaeam ab Hygaifael ab Cyndnvyn of Llystynwennan (Caereinion, Monts.). Both Llannerchaeam and Llam-yr-ewig (Monts.) have the same patron saint [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 25]. P. 6 Riain's attempt [1 994: 393 ] to equate the name with the OI.pn. Lugtigern is far fetched, and incorrect. G[wyl] Lwchavarn on the eleventh of January [ 1 500% Dem.Ca1end.] ; the feast held on the eleventh or the twelfth of January matches the feast of the Irish saints L6ichin and Laigne [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 393] . Church dest. 1 863 (1930 CAST: 7.88; 1 93 3 E. B. Davies: 30] ; reb. 1 865 [ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 33; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 28] . Loj -(SN 387-599)[E. lodge]; Lodge O S 1 89 1 This was probably a lodge to Nouadd (1 9-a). Maen-y-groes -(SN 383-591)[maen + y + croes]; Maenygroes OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maen y Groes OS1 834, Mainygros 1 846TMS, Maen-y-groes OS1 891 See Maen-y-groes (1 9-a). Morfa-gwyn -(SN 393-593) [morfa + gwyn] ; Morfa Gwin 1 84 1 cens., Morfa Gwyn, Morfa Gwynne 1 846TMS, Morfa-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , (c) yng Nghae Morfa Gwyn c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p. Sa, Morfa-Gwyn Flats OS 1 982 Morfa House -(SN 3 93- 592)[tn. Morfa[-gwyn] (20-a) + E. house] ; Morfa House OS1 891 Pantglas -(SN 3 84-593)[pant + glas] ; Pantglase 1 841 cens., Pantglaes 1 846TMS, Pant-glas OS 1 891 Penffynnon -(SN 3 88-589)[pen + y + f!Ynnon]; Pen-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Pen-f!Ynnon OS 1 904, Penffynon 1 933 E.B.Davies p.25, Cei-newydd 1 980 E.Edwards p. 69, Zion 1 987 W.J.Lewis p.29 b. 1 8 1 1 -1 2 ( 1980 E. Edwards: 69; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 29] ; closed c. 1 869 [ 1980 E. Edwards: 69]; denom WM Pengeulan -(SN 3 89-598)[pen + y + ceulan] ; Penygoylan 1 84 1 cens. , Pengeulan 1 961 M.Evans p. 54, Glanmor Terrace 1 961 M.Evans p.7, (f pn ) Pegi'r Ship c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p. 32, Pengeulan 1 987 W.J.Lewis p . 9, Glanmor Terrace, 'formerly known as' Pengeulan 1 987 W. J.Lewis p. 1 1 Rhes fechan o dai . . . erbyn hyn wedi mynd [ 1 96 1 M. Evans: 54]; 'tai to gwellt a sawl tY tafam, Y 'Crown', a'r 'Ship', a'r 'Globe', a'r 'Blue' o dan y ffordd' [c. l965 M. Evans: 1 .4] ; see sub Blac-leion (20-a). Penrhiwllan(i) -(SN 383-597)(1 00m E of Penrhiwllan(ii))[pen + rhiw + yr + llan] ; Pen-rhiw-llan OS1 891 Penrhiwllan(ii) -(SN 3 83-597)[pen + rhiw + yr + llan] ; Pemiwllan 1 8 1 5PR Llanllwchaearn, Pemhywllan 1 841 cens. , Pen-rhiw-llan (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , The Pemhiwllan Inn 1 974 CER vol. 7 p. 291 , PH OS 1 982, Pemhiwllan 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 4, Pemhiwllan Inn 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 5 Penrhiwpistyll -(SN 391 -591)[pen + rhiw + yr + pistyll]; Pemhiw Pistyl1 1 760CF, Pemhiwpistill OOS1 8 1 1 , Pen'rhiw Pistyll OS 1 834, Penrhiw Pistill l 846TMS, (c) Ffair Penrhiwpistill (28/09) 1 871 NLW MS ex. 1 245, Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , (c) Penrhiw Bank 1 895guide New Quay p.7 Half in Llanllwchaearn and half in Cei-newydd. Pentre-cagl -(SN 3 89-593)[pentref + yr + cagl] ; Mason St. 1 887 in 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 4 1 , Pentre Garth OS 1 982, Pentre CagaL 'now' Pentre-garth 1 987 W. J.Lewis p.21 A pentref that may have predated Cei-newydd [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 1 1 ] ; see Pentre-cagl als. Glanllillo (29-a); Galdre (32-a). Pentre-siswrn -(SN 392-594)[pentref + siswrn] ; [pentreflJun Gr. Davies] Pentre-sisiwn OS 1 89 1 , Pentre S isiwrn, 'now' Brongwyn Street 1 933 E.B.Davies p.24, Pentresiswn Road 1 959 WGaz. 04/06/59, ym Mhentre Siswrn 1 96 1 M.Evans p. 3 5, Pentre Sisiwrn, 'a nickname for' Brongwyn Street 1 974 CER vol. 7 p.280

343

(20) CAERWEDROS Roedd trwp o deilwriaid yn byw 'rna [inf Gr. Davies] ; . . . so named because a tailor set up shop here. " [1 974 CER: 7.280) . Penwig -(SN 3 89-600) [pen + y + gwig2] ; Pen Weeg 1 803map J. Singer, Penywig 1 807 ATL P 14.284.9, (c) Penywig Point OOS 1 81 1 , Pen y Wig OS 1 834, Penywig 1 84 1 cens., Penwig 1 846TMS, (c) Caefron, 'pt. of Penywig Farm 1 852 NLW Deeds MS 1 265, Penwig (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Penywig 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 95, Pen-y-wig 1 968-87 GPC p. 1 660, The Penwig (sign) Doubtlessly refers to the bight between it and Penpolion (20-b); cf. Wig (65-b). Perthgwenyn -(SN 3 89-590)[perth + y + gwenyn] ; Perthygwenyn 1 846TMS, Perth-y-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 Perthgwenyn-isa -(SN 389-592)[perth + y + gwenyn ( + isaf)] ; Perth-gwenyn-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Perth-y-gwenyn-isaf O S 1 904 Plas-bach -(SN 3 84-597)[plas (+ bach)] ; Plas-bach OS 1 89 1 The -bach i s probably i n opposition to Nouadd (19-a) which was also known a s Plas. Porth-yr-eglwys -(SN 3 84-598)[porth + yr + eglwys] ; Tyr yr Eglwys 1 760CF, Noyadd y Tewyn als. (sic) Tyr Eglwys als. Tiryplas 1 786 NLW Deeds MS 1 260, Ty-yr-eglwys 1 791 in ATL P1 4.284. 9, Porth 1 841 cens. , Tair Eglws 1 846TMS, Porth-yr-eglwys OS 1 89 1 , Porth-yr-eglwys OS1 904 Cf Nouadd (1 9-a). Pwll-y-baw -(SN 3 83 -595)[pwll + y + haw]; Pwllybaw 1 84 1 cens. , Pwll y Baw, Pwll y Bow 1 846TMS, Blaentowyn ? 1 85 1 in 1 986 CER vol. 1 0 p. 3 1 8, Myrtle Hill OS 1 89 1 , Myrtle Hill 0Sc. 1 950 Pwllglas -(SN 3 83-595)[pwll + glas]; Pwll-glas OS 1 891 The Myrtlehill Reservoir was b. here in 1 93 1 to supply Cei-newydd (20-a) [ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 35] . Queens -(SN 3 87-599) [£. queen + ' s + hotel] ; Queens Hotel OS 1 89 1 , Y Queen's 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 28, Queen's Arms 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. l 4 Rectory -(SN 3 84-598)[E. rectory] ; Rectory OS 1 89 1 Sailors Home -(SN 3 88-596)[E. sailors + ' + home] ; Sailors' Home (P.R.) OS 1 89 1 , i'r Sailor's Home 1 936 LlCCLl p. l l , Tafarn y 'Sailor's Home' c. l 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p.48, Sailors Home 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 4 Now forgotten [1 958 CN 25/04/58] . Stmwswen -(SN 396-594)[storws + gwen]; [�sb·rus'wen 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 766] Storehouse Wen 1 803map J. Singer, Storehousewen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Storehouse-wen OS 1 834, yn Storhows Wen 1 869 B.Williams p.26, Storhows Wen c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 26, Storws Wen 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p. 1 2 A disappeared cluster of houses ( 1 987 W . J . Lewis: 1 1 ] . Tabemaci -(SN 389-597) [tabernacl]; [taber'nak} Gr. Davies, tabarnakJ 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 782] Tabernacle 1 807 ATL P 1 4. 284. 9, Chapel 1 846TMS, Meth. Chap. (Calv.) OS1 89 1 , Cei-newydd (Tabernacle) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, Tabernacl 1 930 D.J.Davies p. 54, i'r Tabernacl 1 961 M.Evans p. 55, Y Tabernacl c. l 965 M. Evans vol. 1 p .3, Y Capel isaf 'fel y gelwid ef ambell waith' c. 1 965 MEvans vol 1 p. 34 b. l 807 [ 1851Rel cens. : 520; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 930 D. J. Davies: 54; 1 933 E. B. Davies: 33; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 28] ; reb. l 837 [1 851Rel cens. : 520; 1 933 E. B. Davies: 33; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 29] ; reb. and enl. l 861 [1 987 W. J. Lewis: 29; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 37] ; enl. l 869 [1 933 E. B. Davies: 33] ; reb. l 926 [1 933 E. B. Davies: 32] ; rest. l 927 [ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 29] ; originally a branch of Capel Ffosffin (46-a) [ 1933 E. B. Davies·. 3 3] ; denom. CM. Tiwtorial -(SN 3 87-600)[E. tutorial + school}; [hw't:lrjal Gr. Davies] The Tutorial School l 933 E.B.Davies p.25, Y Tiwtorial l 971 Cardi vol. 8 p.2 Private school in Lewis Terrace for passing the immatriculation [inf Gr. Davies], founded by the late D. C. Jones, now continued as a girl's school by his daughter [1 933 E. B. Davies: 25] . Towerhill -(SN 3 86-601 ) [E.tn. Towerhill]; Tower Hill OS1 891 "

344

(20) CAERWEDROS See

Towerhill (1 3-a).

Traethgwyn

-(SN 394-594) [traeth + gwyn] ; [tra:S'gwm

Gr. Davies]

Traeth Gwin 1 84 1 cens. , Traethgwyn 1 869 B .Williams p. 26, Treathgwyn 1 882 NLW Deeds MS 1 266, Traeth-gwyn O S 1 89 1 , yn Nhraethgwyn c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p. 6

Troedrhiwllan

-(SN 3 84-597)[troed + rhiw + yr + Han] ;

Troed Rhiw LLan 1 803PR Llanllwchaearn, Troed Riw Llan 1 8 1 3PR Llanllwchaeam, Troed-rhiw-llan OS 1 89 1

Tywyn

-(SN 3 84-596) [tywyn] ;

[towin

1 948 GMG p . 5 7]

Towyn 1 841 cens. , Towyn, Towin Farm 1 846TMS, Towyn OS 1 89 1 ,

(c) Bank-y-Towyn, Banc-y-Towyn

1 957 CN 09/05/5 8

Tywyn-bach

-(SN 3 87-597)[tywyn (+ bach)] ;

Towyn-ooch O S 1 89 1

Ysgol Cei-newydd

-(SN 3 89-595)[ysgol + tn. Cei-newydd

(20-a)];

Ysgol Fwrdd yn Glanrhyd ( desc.) c. 1 965 M.Evans vo1. 1 p. l 7, New Quay C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS 1 982, Ysgol Ceinewydd 1 997 CN 1 7/04/97

[ 1933 E. B. Davies: 24; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 27] . Ysgoldy -(SN 3 87-597) [ysgoldy] ; (c) ar ben Rhiw'r 'Sgoldy 1 96 1 M. Evans p. 1 6, Y 'British School' b. 1 878, Board school

ir Hen (c) ar ben Rhiw'r Ysgoldy

c. 1 965 M Evans vol. 1 p. 7 1 ,

Ysgoldy c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p. 1 2, Hen Ysgoldy c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p. 1 7, c. l 965 M Evans vol. l p. 1 3 , (c) Rhiw'r Hen Ysgoldy c. 1 965 WFM MS 1 654/5 b. 1 85 1 , British School, superseded by sunday school for

Tabernacl (20-a),

Ysgol Cei-newydd

then a vestry

in 1 878 [ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 24] , then became a [c. 1 965 M. Evans: 1 . 1 7] ; adjacent to Memorial Hall [ 1 933 E.

B. Davies: 24] . hodonyms Cnwc-y-glap

-(SN 390-600)[cnwc + y + clap] ;

ar Gnwc y Clap 1 932 D . G. Jones p. 1 2, Cnwc-y-glap 'cyrchfan i bysgotwyr siarad', i'r Cnwc 1 96 1 MEvans p. l 2 The green

in front

of Penwig. "In the past the old lifeboat house was where the fishermen used t o meet to

talk and argue about local and national affairs. Women never went there. It was known as Cnwc-y-glap, and was also the place where sailors newly returned from the sea went to catch up on local news and to exchange seafaring experiences. "

[ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 24] ; "Fel y gwelwch Cnwc y Glap oedd cyrchfa'r hen

'seadogs' ymddeoledig, a'r rhai a oedd gartref am egwyl lle yr adroddent eu profiadau a chymharu nodiadau megis. A'u gwrando hwy hefyd a hudodd lane breuddwydiol i anturio codi angor a gwthio i'r dwfn, fel y gwnai y genhedlaeth o fechgyn y lle yr adeg honno yn ddieithriad bron. "

[ 1 97 1 Cardi: 8.2] ; "Dim [c. 1 965 M. Evans: 1 .9a] ; cf. the phrase pen-y-glec used for an habitual outdoor meeting place in Nantgarw (Glams.), e.g. " Ian ar bont y cnel oedd ond gwrywod oedd yn mynd yno, ac y maent yr un fel hyd heddi. "

pen-y-glec dynon y ty-cwrdd ym bentra Nantgarw a lawr wth Rin dafarn oedd pen-y-glec gw)'r tafama. "

[1993 TN : 2.626]. When I was in school in Llanbedr Pontsteffan around 1 970 children would often use the phrase

cario claps for 'to inform on, to tell on'; this is known Cnwc-celwydd (81-b); Cnwc-y-parlment (2 1 -a).

as

cario clecs

in a wider area throughout

Wales; cf

Rhiwffransys

-(SN 3 88-595)[rhiw + pn. Ffransys] ;

Troedrhiwfrancis (adj.) 1 85 1 in 1 98 6 CER vol. 1 0 p. 3 1 5, Penrhiw Francis (adj . ) 1 85 1 i n 1 986 CER vol. l O p . 3 06, Francis Road OS 1 89 1 , Francis St OS 1 904, 'ar ben' Rhiw Francis c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. l p. 3 3 , Francis Street O S 1 982, Heol Francis 1 990s ATL P 1 4. 95 In 1 83 1 John and Francis Evans purchased Penrhiwpistyll

(20-a) [ 1 974 CER: 7.280] .

Rhiw-wig -(SN 3 89-600)[rhiw + yr + gwig] ; Rhiw Wig 1 93 3 E.B. Davies p. 1 8, Rhiw Wig 1 974 CER vol.7 p.290, Penwig Lane O S 1 982, Rhiw Wig (Penwig Lane) 1 987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 5

geonyms Bae Cei-newydd

-(SN 3 9 5-598)[bae + tn. Cei-newydd

(20-a)] ; 345

(20) CAERWEDROS New Quay Bay OS1 891, i Fae'r Cei 1 939 LlCCLl p. 21 Y Bocspupr -(SN 391-60 1 ) [y + hoes + pupr]; o'r Bocs Pypyr 1 936 LlCCLl p. 1 1 , 'ei alw'n gyffredinol' Y Bocs Pipir c. 1 965 MEvans vol. 1 p. 6, 'known locally as' The Pepper Pot 1 987 W.J.Lewis p . 8 A small lighthouse o n the end of Y Pier (20-a) (c.1 965 M. Evans: 1 .6] ; b. 1 839 [ 1 987 W . J . Lewis: 8] ; the second lighthouse was washed away before 1 870 [ 1 895guide New Quay: 9] ; photo of Y Bocspupr [ c. 1 910 D. o. Jones ] . This lighthouse was destroyed in the late 1 930s storm [ 1 938 LlCCLl: 33 ] . L. Morris [> 1 765b: 27 ] noted that there was no lighthouse at Aberystwyth, except for a lanthorn [i. e. lantern] lighted for the fishing season. Cae-bociau -(SN 3 88-60 1 ) [cae + yr + bociau] ; Cae Bociau 'or perhaps blociau' 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p. 1 8, Wellington Place (adj.) 1 961 M.Evans p.54, Cae Bociau, 'now' Paragon Yard 1 974 CER vol.7 p.285, Cae Bociau (The Baulks Field), 'now' The Paragon Car Park 1987 W.J.Lewis p. 1 5 Formerly a green, now under tarmac and used as a car park [ 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion] . The sawing and the fashioning of timber for shipbuilding was carried out here [ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 1 8] ; timber used for shipbuilding was stored here [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 15] . Y Ffordd-newydd -(SN 391-594)[y + ffordd + newydd]; prennau'r Ffordd newy' 'i Gnwc y Lili' 1 93 5 LlCCLl p. 1 1 , Y Ffordd newydd c. 1 965 M Evans vol. 1 p. 1 8a This superseded the old road into Cei-newydd from the E which went by Pentre-siswm (20-a). Ogo'rffeirad -(SN 387-604)[ogof + yr + offeiriad]; Parson's Cave OS 1 904, Ogo'r Ffeirad 1 93 3 E.B.Davies, Ogo'r Ffeirad (Parson's Cave) 1 987 W.J.Lewis p.7 Penpolion -(SN 3 90-598)[pen + y + polion] ; Breakwater OS 1 89 1 , Penpolion 1 895guide New Quay p. 1 0, Penypolion c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 1 9, Y Pir isaf ? 1 961 M.Evans p. 1 2, Y Pier isaf ? c. 1 965 M.Evans p.4, Penpolion c. 1 965 MEvans vol.2 p . 20 The old quay which gave its name to Cei-newydd (20-a) [c. 1902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 1 19 ] ; in 1 808 the pier was almost in ruins being formed only of stakes or poles driven into the sand and stones placed around them [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 236] ; parallel rows of stakes filled with rocks [ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 5] ; for photos of these poles see c. 1 91 0 D. 0. Jones, 1 933 E. B. Davies p.23 . It is now reinforced with concrete [ 1 974 CER: 7.273 ] . 3 9 1 -601 )[y + prr]; ir -(SN YP Pier Ceinewydd 1 93 8 LlCCLl p. 3 3 , ar Bier y Ceinewydd >1 945 T.J. Thomas in 1 992 C. Jones & D. Thorne p. 57, Y Pir uchaf 1 961 M.Evans p. l l , P"rr y Bocs Pupur 1 961 M.Evans p. 12, Y Pir 1 961 MEvans p. 12, Y Pier c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 1 p.4, Y Pier uchaf c. 1 965 MEvans vol. 1 p. 6, Pier OS 1 982 The reduction of E. pier to pir is similar to E. beer to bir [ 1 923 T. H. Parry-Williams: 1 25 ] . E. ginger beer JmJar'bi:r (Rhydlywys) [inf M. Thomas] . Similarly Saint Pierre (ST 51-90, Mathern, Mons.) was written San Pir by a sixteenth-century Welsh writer [ c. 1 590/9IEPC] . The -ucha is probably in opposition to Penpolion (20h); cf. Y Pir (45-b; 65-b). Traeth-y-cei -(SN 290-600)[traeth + tn. Cei[-newydd] (20-a)] ; The Penpolion Beach 1 895guide New Quay p. 1 8, Y Traeth Tywod c. 1 965 MEvans vol 1 p.7, Traeth y Cei 1 983 Gambo n. 3 , Harbour Beach 1 980s ATL P14.94 Traeth-y-dolau -(SN 3 89-601) [traeth + tn. Dolau (20-a)] ; [�tra:8a'do·le 1 93 4a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 852] Traeth y Dolau OS1 891 , neu Draeth y Dolau 1 961 M.Evans p. 64, Traeth y Dole 1 983 Gambo n. 3

346

(2 1 ) CAERWEDROS LLANINA Blaenbedw-fach -(SN 428-590)[blaen + hn. Bedw (+ bach)] ; Blaen Bedw fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-bedw-fach OS1 834, Blanfedwfach 1 855 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Blaen­ bedw-fawr (sic) O S 1 89 1 Blaenbedw-fawr -(SN 429-592)[blaen + hn . Bedw (+ mawr)t [bla: 'bedu E . Davies] Blaen Bedw fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenbedw fawr OS1 834, Blaen-bedw-ffich (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Blaenbedw OS1 904 Blaen-y-maes -(SN 420-592)[blaen + y + maes] ; Blaenymaes OS1 982 Bwlchcefn -(SN 403-583)[bwlch + y + cefn]; [bulz'keven Gr. Davies, E. & H. Thomas, bwlch cefen 1 948 GMG p.68] Bwlch y Cefen 1 764PR Llanllwchaearn, Tyr Bwlch y Keven 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Bwlch Cefen 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlch Cefen OOS1 8 1 1 , Bwlch-y-cefn OS1 834, Bwlch Cefn 1 837TMS, Bwlch­ cefn O S1 891 Bwlch-y-dwr -(SN 401 - 576)[bwlch + y + dwr]; Bwlch-y-dWr OS 1 891 Cf BwlchdWr (47-a). Bwlch-yr-helygen -(SN 420-589)[bwlch + yr + helygen] ; [bulzar,he'ligen Gr. Davies] Tir Bwlch yr Hellygen 1697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vo1.4 p. 762, Bwlch yr Helygen als. Gallt y Bwla 1697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.762, Bwlch yr Hellygen als. Gallt y Bwla 1 7 1 8 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/258, Bwlch yr Heligen, Castell y Geifer 1 837TMS, Bwlch-helygen OS 1 891 Bwlch-y-winllan -(SN 401 -587)[bwlch + y + gwinllan]; Bwlch-y-winllan OS 1 891 Cae'rllyn -(SN 408-590)[ cae + yr/caer + llyn] ; Caerllyn OS 1 982 Cae-pistyll -(SN 402-579)[ cae + yr + pistyll]; Cae Pistill + cott. 1 83 7TMS Capelwern -(SN 410-590)[capel + tn. Wern[-newydd] (22-a)] ; [kapela'wern Gr. Davies, E. Davies] (c) Park y DraveL Cappel y Wem 1 85 1 Nantgwyllt MS 2/263, Capel Wern (Indt.) OS1 891 , Wem, Llanarth c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.280, Wern Chapel 1 957 WGaz. 3 1/0 1 /5 7, Y Wern 1 971 ME.James p. 1 1 , Capel OS 1 982 b. 1 8 5 1 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280; 1 933 E. B. Davies: 34; 1 971 M. E. James: 1 1 ; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 48] ; denom. I. Cefn Cottage -(SN 401 -590)[tn. Cefn[garsi] (21 -b) + E. cottage] ; Cefn Cottage OS 1 982 Cei-bach -(SN 409-596)[cei + bach]; Quay bach 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Cay bach 1 820PR Llannarth, Cei bach OS1 834, Mount Pleasant Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Mount Pleasant OS 1 904, Cai bach 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p. 5, Mount Pleasant 0Sc. 1 950 The -bach is in opposition to Cei-newydd (20-a); at Cei-bach and adjoining Traethgwyn (21 -b) over 200 sailing vessels were built between 1 780-1 820 [ 1 98 1 CER: 9.120 ] . Cencoed-ganol - (SN 403-578)[cefn + coed (+ canol)]; [kDJk:>d'ba:z E. & H. Thomas] Cefncoed-ganol OS 1 89 1 , (pn. ) Jack Cyncoed ganol 1 994 CN 1 7/06/94 p. 14 Cencoed-isa -(SN 408-582)[cefn + coed (+ isat)]; [kiQk:>d'iJa Gr. Davies, k�Qk:>d'i·Ja E. & H. Thomas, keveu'k:>1d, keveu'k:>ed Gr. Davies, ceincod, ceingcod 1 948 GMG p.68] Kev'n Coed 1 723PR Llanllwchaearn, Cencoed als. Ceven y Coed 1 732 Nantgwyllt MSS 1 / 1 2, Cencoed als. Keven y Coed 1 734 D. T.M.Jones MSS vo1.4 p. 767, Keven y Coed 1 754 MRichardson MS 179, Cefn y Coed 1 763PR Llanllwchaearn, Kincoed 1 764--65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Cefen y Coed 1799PR Llanllwchaearn, Caincoed 1 801PR Llanllwchaearn, Cefynycoed OOS 1 81 1 , Cefen Coed issa 1 81 3PR Llanllwchaearn, Cain-coed OS1 834, Cefncoed issa, Cefnycoed issa 1 837TMS, Cefn-coed-isaf OS1 89 1 , Cincod (Cefncoed) 1 926 RE.Bevan p.62 This place is named in reference to Coed-y-brain (20-a). G. M Griffiths [ 1 948: 69] compared the development of penultimate ce.fn- to cein- to dodrefnyn � dodreinyn in Cardiganshire Welsh. However it seems likelier to me that the reduction of penultimate cefn- was to cen- ( cf ce.fnder kender, and Cenfaes, 37-a) , with a subsequent development of [-euk-] to [-IUk-] as in gwenci � WIQki; Siencyn � 347

(2 1) CAERWEDROS SilJlun JilJkm; cengl � ki1Jel; sengi � SilJel JilJel. Other examples of this name are: Cencoed k11Jkod (70-a); Cencoed k11Jk;:,d (SN 66-41, Caeo, Carms.) (p.c. C. Thomas] ; Cencoed (SN 50-21 , Llanegwad, Carms.), Kefnkoed [1 500� RepWMSS: 1 . 1 .81 9], Kincoed [OS1 982] . Cencoed-ucha -(8N 398-576)(cefn + coed (+ uchaf)] ; [kilJk:ld'�xa Gr. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Tyddyn yr Hen Dy yn y Keven Koed 1 622 Glansevin M88 p.236, T'rr als. Tyddyn yr Hen Du yn y Ke'n Coed 1 706 Glansevin M88, Tir y Kefen Coed ycha 1 7 1 1 Glansevin MSS, Tyr als. Tyddin yr Hen Du yn y Kencoed 1 722 Beckingsale MSS vol. 1 p. 79, Kein Coed 1 722/23 Glansevin MSS p.244, Cefynycoed ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefen Coed ucha 1 81 7PR Llanllwchaearn, Cain-coed-uchaf OS1 834, Cefucoed ucha, Cefnycoed ucha 1 837TMS, Cefu-coed-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Cefucoed uchaf 08c. 1 950 Cilgynllau-fach -(SN 3 98-585)(cil + pn. ? (+ bach)] ; [krl,gmle'va:x Gr. Davies] Kilgwnlle fach 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Cilgwnlle fach, Cilgwnlle ffich 1 837TMS, Cil-gynlle­ fiich OS 1 891 , Cilgynlle fach 0Sc. 1 950 Cilgynllau-fawr -(SN 399-585) [cil + pn. ? (+ mawr)] ; [krl,gmle'vowr Gr. Davies, cilg'inlle 1 948 GMG p. 69] Kill Gunlle 1 723PR Llanllwchaeam, Cilgwynlle OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cilgunlle 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Cil-gwnlle 081 834, Cil-gynlle-fawr 08 1 89 1 , yng Nghellglynlle, 'now' yn Gilglynlle c. 1 965 M.Evans vo1.2 p.48 The early forms seem to suggest Gwnlle, the spoken form of the personal-name Gwynllau found in Nantgwnllau (41-a), and whilst the present pronunciation seems to be an obstacle against this derivation there are examples of reducing to , see sub Cwmgwaednerth (8-a). Alternatively this name could be an archaic variant of the known saint's name Cynllo. For lenition of a personal-name following cil, cf Cilgerran (Pembs.), to be compared with the unlocated Castell Cerran [c.l 1 40 LL: 1 26] . The spelling with cell of c. 1 965 is an attempt to connect it to a late popular local story about Hengell (20-a). Cilwennau -(SN 41 8-589) [cil + ? ] ; [kd'wene ('iJa + ·�xa), g rl'wene Gr. Davies, cilw'enne 1 948 GMG p. 62] Tyddin Killwene vach 1 697 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tyddin Killwene 1 697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tyddin Killwen vach 1 7 1 8 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/258, Tythin Killwenne vach, Tythin Killwen vach 1 7 1 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Cilwenne OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cilwennau 1 823PR Llannarth, Cilwenau OS1 834, Cilwennon 1 837TMS, Cil-wene 08 1 89 1 , Cilwene Smith Forge 1 890s n. c. in NLW Min.Dep. ( 1 982) p.34, i Gilwene 1 983 Gambo n.6, Cilwene 1992 B.L.Jones p. 3 8 If the last two syllables are one element - the obscure -wennau - they need to b e compared with similar place-names; see sub Bronwennau (47-a), Blaenwennen (3-a). The favoured explanation of Bronwennau of being composed with gwynnau 'winds', so that the composition Cilwennau would mean 'out of the winds', seems inappropriate as Cilwennau directly faces the prevailing south-westerlies. An identical name appears to be Cilwennau (SN 59-36, Llansawel, Carms.), Cilyfennau [OS1 834], Cilwene [ 1 992 B. L. Jones: 38] , and for both these toponyms we may ask whether they are a collective plural of a subdivided original Gilwen, i.e. tn. Gilwen + -au, rather than a normal plural Ciliau-gwyn(ion). A faint possibility is that if this were a collective plural, it could still stand for an original Gilwem, the fact that the is not present even as early as 1 697, might then be compared with the collective of Pennardd (5-a) which is now pronounced pen'are (a more etymologically correct form such as *Penarddau, having been abandoned due to the influence of the spoken form of Pennardd, viz. penar). The topographical situation of Cilwennau might be described as a 'nook' (W. cil) abutting on the valley of the river Llethi, unfortunately for our purposes, the meaning of Gilwen is not established beyond doubt, see sub Gilwen (50-a). Cnwc(i) -(SN 433-597)(Cwmbedw) [cnwc] ; Cnwc OS 1 891 Cnwc(ii) -(SN 400-590)(Cnwc-y-lili)[cnwc] ; (c) Park Tanherdy (prox. ) 1 837TMS, Cnwc OS 1 89 1 Cnwc-y-lili -(SN 3 99-590)[ cnwc + y + lili] ; [knuk�'lrli Gr. Davies, knuk�'lili E . & H . Thomas, cnwc y lili 1948 GMG p. 62] Cnwg y Lily 1 824PR Llannarth, Cnwc y Lili 1 826PR Llannarth, Cnwc-y-lili-Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 891 Cnwcmanal - (8N 393-577)[cnwc + y + banadl] ; [knuk�'manal Gr. Davies, cnwc y manal l948 GMG p.70] Cnwc-manal OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc y Manal OS 1 982 Cnwc-y-parlment -(SN 407-585) [cnwc + y + parlment]; Cnwc y Parment 1 824PR Llannarth, Cnwc-y-parment OS 1 89 1 There are attestations i n sixteenth- and eighteenth-century Welsh sources o f parment for parlment (E. parliament) [GPC s.v. parlament]. The simplification of a complex cluster is also found in £S'k�sled � cystled, ES'Jedrem � seldrem, ES'ka'ramiS � carlamus (Cei-newydd) [ 1934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 3 1 3, 3 16] . What the �

�

348

(2 1) CAERWEDROS reason for this 'parliament' was is unknown, but it is likely to have been a meeting place for discussions (cf Cnwc-y-glap, 20-d), or possibly a place where a dispute between different holdings was settled. Coed-y-brain -(SN 400-578)[coed + y + brain] ; Coed y Brain 1 787PR Llannarth, Coedybrain OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cnwc-y-brain (sic) OS 1 834, Coed y Brain 1 837TMS, Coed-y-brain OS1 891 Cwmbedw -(SN 43 1 -597)[cwm + hn. Bedw] ; [lrnm'bedu E. Davies] Cwm Bedw 1 766PR Llannarth, Cwm Bedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-bedw OS 1 834, Cwm-bedw OS 1 891 Cwm Ceincoed(i) -(SN 409-578)(Ceincoed-ganol)[cwm + tn Ceincoed (21-a)] ; Cwm-cefn-coed OS 1 891 , Cwm-cefn-coed OS1 904 Cwm Ceincoed(ii) -(SN 4 1 0-584)(Ceincoed-isa)[cwm + tn. Ceincoed (2 1 -a)] ; Cwm-cefn-coed OS 1 891 , Cwm-cefn-coed OS1 904 Cwmnouadd -(SN 4 1 0- 582)[cwm + tn. Nouadd (21-a)L [kmn'n:lja() E. & H. Thomas] Tyr Cwm y Noyadd als. y Buoagle als. Godre Cwm y Noyadd 1 697 E .P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tyr Cwm y Noyadd als. Y Knoagle als. Godre Cwm y Noyadd 1 697/98 D. T.MJones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tyr Cwmynoyath als. Cuoagle als. Godre Cwmnoyadd 171 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tyr Cwmynoyadd 1740 M Richardson MS 2722, Cwm Noyadd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm y Noyadd 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Cwm Neuadd OS1 834, Cwm Noyadd 1 837TMS, Cwm-neuadd OS1 891 , Cwm Cilfachrheda ? 1 894 J.Evans p. 1 3 9, Cwm Cottage, Cwm Neuadd (sic) OS 1 982 Cwm Penllwybr -(SN 407-575)[cwm + tn. Penllwybr (21 -a)]; Cwm-pen-llwybr OS1 891 Cwm Penrhiwgaled -(SN 402- 570)[cwm + tn. Penrhiwgaled (21 -a)] ; Cwm Penrhiwgaled OOS 1 81 1 , Cwm-pen-rhiw-galed OS 1 891 Dderwenlas -(SN 41 1 -590)[y + derwen + glas]; [derwen'la:s Gr. Davies] Dderwen-las OS 1 891 Ffatri -(SN 409-586)[ffatri] ; Factory 1 837TMS, Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Factory 0Sc. 1 950 Ffynnonmeddyg -(SN 401 -594)[ffynnon + meddyg]; [f�n:ln've()Ig Gr. Davies, fm:ln've()Ig M. Thomas (Rhydlywys)] Ffynnon Feddig 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Erw faur Cottage 1 83 7TMS, Ffynnon-feddyg OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon­ feddyg 0Sc. 1 950 The well on the beach effervesces (byrlymu) when the tide ebbs [inf. Gr. Davies] . Ffynnonmenyn -(SN 396-568) [ffynnon + ymenyn] ; Ffynonmenin 1 797PR Llanllwchaearn, Ffynnon Menyn 1 822PR Llanllwchaearn, Ffynnon Mennin, Ffynonmenin 1 837TMS, Ffynnon-ymenyn OS1 891 Fronfelen -(SN 402-585)[y + bron + melen] ; [vr:ln'velen Gr. Davies] Fron-felen OS 1 89 1 Hafod -(SN 4 1 9-590)[hafod]; [hav:ld, hrav:ld Gr . Davies] Hafod OS1 891 Hengell-isa -(SN 3 97-59 1 )[hen + cell (+ isaf)] ; [heugcl, he�19el Gr. Davies] Tyr Nant Hengell 1 697 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tir Nant Hengell 1 697/98 D . T.MJones MSS vol.4 p. 763, Nant Hengell 1 7 1 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Nantyngel 1 782rent Dolhaidd (GMG), (c) Bank Hengele 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Hengell 1 822PR Llannarth, Hengell OS1 834, Hengell issa 1 837TMS , Hengell-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Y r Hen Gell c. 1 965 M.Evans vol. 2 p.48 There was a cist-faen near Hengell [ 1927 Cymru: 72.1 16-17] ; the cist-faen was near the fresh-water well on the sands of Traethgwyn (20-b), it was destroyed by a storm c. 1 740 [c. l 965 M. Evans: 2.49]; a local tale makes the cist-faen a cell where Gwynestrin was imprisoned by prince Caredig and his companion Caradog [c. l 965 M. Evans: 48]. Hengell-ucha -(SN 3 97-589)[hen + cell (+ uchaf)] ; Pen-y-banc OS 1 834, Hengell ucha 1 837TMS, Hengell-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Hengell-uchaf 0S 1 982 Huanfa -(SN 410-596)[huan + -rna]; Huanfa O S 1 982 Llain -(SN 425-590) [11ain] ; [iajn E. Davies] Llain O S 1 834, Llain Bwlch Heligen, Llain Bwlch Heligan 1 837TMS, Llain als. Llainbwlchheligen 1 889 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p. 1 7, Llain OS1 891 349

(2 1 ) CAERWEDROS Llaingarreglwyd -(SN c. 4 1 5-589)[llain + y + carreg + llwyd] ; [iajn,gareg 'lujd Gr.

Davies]

Llain-gareg-lWyd O S 1 89 1 , Llainygarreglwyd 0Sc. 1 95 0 A hamlet between

Llainsimnai

Capel Wem (21-a) and Hafod (21 -a). [ianfnne Gr.

-(SN 405-5 94) [llain + tY + yr + simnai] ;

Davies,

!lain tf;'r shime

1 94 8 GMG p. 64]

Tyr Shymme 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Escybor fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain Ty S imnau 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Llain Ty S ime 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Llain Ty'r S imei 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Llain-tysimau OS 1 834, Llain-tair-simdde OS 1 891

Llainwen -(SN 4 1 5-597) [llain + gwen] ; Llain-wen O S 1 89 1

Llanina -(SN 404-598)[llan + p n

Ina ?] ;

[lan'ina Gr.

Davies]

Lanyna 1 284 CalChartR p. 275, Llannyna 1 290 in 1 863 AC p. 264, Lanyna 1 299 CalPR p.405, Llanyna 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 6, Llanyna 1 53 5 VE p. 394, Ll. Ina c. 1 566 EPC, Llanynay 1 578map C . S axton,

Llanina 1 602 G. Owen vo1.4 p.442, Llannyna 1 61 1 Crosswood MS S, Llanhina 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p . 93 , Llayne 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-3 7, Llanina 1 760map E.Bowen, Chlaninna 1 776map M Mackenzie, Llan Ina 1 799EPC, Llanina 1 803map J. Singer, Llanina OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llan Ina O S 1 834, Llanina, St. Ina's Ch. (Vic. ) OS 1 89 1 , Ch O S 1 982

[ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle: xxxvi ; 1 833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 2.71 ]; In als. Ina [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 5]. King Ina as patron of Llanina can be discounted, as "there never was a cult of lna even in England. " [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 30] . Prog.Ker. [ c. 1 200: 20] has Ina as Ceredig's daughter [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 392 ] . G[wyl] Ina Farchog on the first of February [ 1 500% Dem.Calend. ] . The equation, made of Ina with saint Euny or Uny of Cornwall is far-fetched [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 3 92 ] but there seems to have been a personal-name Ina in OW. , cf Luin Ina [c.1 140 LL: 258] ; and this is found in the tn. Gwaunina (Llangwyfan, Denbs.). Llannarth and Llanina were one living [ 1 721 E. Saunders: 1 34-

Dedicated to " [I]na, king of the West Saxons. " als.

Inah,

a seventh-century king of Wessex

37] ; " Yn yr hen amser cyfrifid Llanina fel capel anwes dan Llanarth. 0 ganlyniad un gweinidog oedd yn gofalu am braidd y ddau le. " [ 1 875

D. J. Davies:

5] ; "It is a chapel of ease to Llanarth, though part of the

[ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 237 ] ; cf Cytblwyf (e). Llanina [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 1 26; 1 930 D. J. Davies: 38] ; the old building had been washed away by the sea [1 930 D. J. Davies: 38] ; reb. l 905 [1 933 E. B. Davies: 3 5] . Llwynonn -(SN 409- 595) [llwyn + onn] ; [iujn'�n Gr. Davies] Llwynon 1 78 3 Hav. WW MS 23 999 (GMG), Llwynon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn-on OS 1 834, Llwyn-on-fawr hamlet pays a share of the expenses of Llanllwchaiarn " church reb. 1 850

OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Onn 1 83 7TMS, Llwynon OS 1 982

Llwynonn-fach

-(SN 408-595) [llwyn + onn (+ bach) ] ;

[iujn�n'va:z Gr.

Davies]

Llwyn-on-tach O S 1 891

Majoda -(SN 402- 595) [

? ];

Majoda OS 1 982 This name is a composite of the 6 initials letters of the names of the children of a doctor who lived here [inf. Gr. Davies ] . Melin Llanina -(SN 405 - 596)[melin + tn. Llanina (21 -a)] ; Felin Llanina OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llanina Mill 1 83 7TMS, S ewage Pumping Station OS 1 982

Melinwem -(SN 408-590) [melin + tn.

Wern[-newydd]

(22-a)] ; [velm'wern Gr.

Davies]

Felin y Wern OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin y Wern OS 1 834, Felin ucha 1 83 7TMS, Felinywern als. Wern Mill 1 889 John Francis MSS vo1. 2 p. 1 7, Felin y Wern (Corn) O S 1 89 1

Nouadd - ( S N c.41 1 - 5 85)[neuadd] ; [noiadd 1 948

GMG p . 7 1 ]

Neuadd O S 1 8 9 1

Oemant -(SN 428-600)[oer + nant] ; [�rnant E.

Davies,

r'ornant 1 948 GMG p. 64]

Tyr Yrayrnant 1 697 E.P. Lloyd MS S (GMG), Tir yr Ayrnant 1 697/98 D . T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tyr yr Ayrnant 1 7 1 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Ornant 1 760map E.Bowen, Ornant 1 765map E . Bowen

et al. ,

Oernant 1 782rent Dolhaidd (GMG), Oernant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Oernant O S 1 834, Oernant O S 1 891

aur 'gold', are most probably a hypercorrection of oer �jr so that it could approach the realisation of the word oer in this area, which should be �er �rr �·jr, see sub Cnwcynduoer (47-a) . The tn Oemant is known in northern Wales (SH 78-49, Penmachno, Caems.; SJ 1 8-46, Llandysilio-yn-Iiil, Denbs.) where it cannot possibly represent aur; cf Pen y Pont als. Penornant (prox. Pennant, 47-a). [ 1 577rent f. 3 1 ] ; Cwmoernant (SN 4121, Carmarthen); cf. Bronorwen (1 1 -a). The forms of 1 697-1 7 1 8 which seemingly show

'cold', as

aur (our

in local dialect) was pronounced �

�

350

(2 1) CAERWEDROS Omia Villa

-(SN 3 99-589)[ ? + E. villa] ;

Omia Villa OS 1 89 1

Pant-y-graean

-(SN 402-582)[pant + y + graean] ;

Pant y Grien 1 697/98 D . T.M. Jones MSS vol . 4 p. 762, Pant-y-grian OS 1 89 1 In ruins [o s1 904] .

Pantgwair -(SN

394-576) [pant + y + gwair] ;

[pant y gwaer 1 948

GMG p . 7 1 ]

Pantegwair 1 782rent Dolhaidd (GMG), Pant y Gwayr 1 783PR Llanllwchaearn, Pant y Gwair 1 804PR Llanllwchaearn, Pantygwair, Pantgwair 1 83 7TMS, Pant-y-gwair O S 1 89 1 Cf

Mair � Maer; tair � taer;.ffair � .ffaer . . .

with the tongue failing t o reach the position o f [ i] [ 1 9 34a J.

J. Gl. Davies: 369]. Parc-y-brwcs - (SN 408-595)[parc + y + brwcs] ; [park�'bruks Gr. Davies] Pare y Brwcs OS 1 982

Parc-y-pant -(SN 400-592)[parc + y + pant] ; Pare y pant OS 1 9 82

Penrallt -(SN

409-580)[pen + yr + allt] ;

[p'erallt 1 948 GMG p . 72]

Pen-yr-allt OS 1 89 1

Pen-yr-alltynn

-(SN 404- 595)[pen + y r + alit + ynn] ;

Pen-yr-allt-yn OS 1 89 1 , Pen-yr-allt-yn OS 1 904

Pen-y-bont

-(SN 4 1 0- 5 8 8)[pen + y + pont] ;

Bridgend, Gilfachreyda, Penybont Gilfachyrheda 1 889 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p. 1 7, Pont Gilfach-rheda

in NLW Min.Dep. ( 1 982) p. 34, Pont Gilfach-rheda O S 1 904 [1978 CER: 8.345]. [pen'v;Jel, pen'v;Jjl Gr. Davies]

O S 1 89 1 , Penybont Gilfachyrheda 1 890s n. c. Due to flooding in 1 909, bridge reb. l 9 1 0

Penfoei -(SN 395-577)[pen + y + moel] ;

Pen Voel 1 808 S . R Meyrick p.23 3 , Penfoel 1 8 1 1 PR Llanllwchaearn, Penyfoel 1 8 1 3PR Llanllwchaearn, Pen y Voel 1 8 1 4PR Llanllwchaearn, Penfoel 1 8 1 6PR Llanllwchaearn, Penyfoel 1 83 7TMS, Pen-foel OS 1 89 1

Pengoulan

-(SN 3 97-593) [pen + y + ceulan] ;

Pen-goilan OS 1 89 1

Penlan

-(SN 4 1 8-596)[pen + y + glan] ;

[penlan�'mo:r

Gr. Davies,

Efpe'lan

1 934a J . J . Gl Davies p . 3 1 6, pel'an

1 948 GMG p. 65] Pen Lan Carreg y Gwint 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Pen-lan 0 8 1 834, Penllan, Penlan 1 837TMS, Penlanymor O S 1 982

Penllain -(SN 406-593)[pen + y + llain]; [pen'lajn Gr.

Davies]

Pen-llain OS 1 89 1

Penllwybr

[pen'lujbrr

-(SN 405-576) [pen + y + llwybr] ;

Gr. Davies, E .

&

H . Thomas,

pen ll'wybir

1 948 GMG

p.72] Pen Llwybyr 1 773PR Llannarth, Penllwybr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-llwybr O S 1 834, Penllwybir, Penllwyber 1 837TMS, Pen-llwybr OS 1 89 1 There was a Llwybir Gole

Penlon

[1722/23 Glansevin MSS]

near

Ceincoed (21 -a) but i s unlikely to have been this site.

-(SN 4 1 1 -5 90)[pen + y + lon] ; Gilvael Rheda Coll 1 83 7TMS, Step Inn als. Penlon 1 8 89 John Francis MS S vol.2 p . 1 7, Step Inn OS 1 89 1 , Penlon c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 25 , Penlone OS 1 904, Penlone 0Sc. 1 95 0

Penrhiwgaled

-(SN 3 99-567)[pen + y

+

rhiw + caled];

[pendriW'galed

Gr. Davies,

penriw'galed

E.

&

H.

Thomas] Penrhiwgaled 1 760CF, Penrhywgaled 1 797 NLW 1 837TMS, Pen-rhiw-galed OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiwgaled,

MS 6 1 6-D, Penrhiwgaled 008 1 8 1 1 , Penrhiewgaled (c) Penrhiwgaled Lane O S 1 982, (c) Lon Penrhiwgaled

1 996 CN 21106/96

Pensarnau

-(SN 3 94-5 70)[pen + y + sarnau] ;

[pen'sarne

Gr. Davies]

Tyr Penysarne Leici 1 7 1 8 Nantgwyllt MS S 2/258, Pensarne

1 768 Llanll)Tr MS S, Pensarne,

(c)

Blaenpensarne 1 783 Beckingsale MS S vol. l p . 8 0, Pensarne OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'sarnau O S 1 834, Pensarnau, Pensarnan 1 83 7TMS, Pen-sarnau O S 1 89 1

Plas Llanina -(SN 404-597)[plas

+ t n . Llanina

(21 -a)] ;

Llanina Hall 1 80 1 map W. Morris, Llanina House 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 23 8, Llanina Demesne 1 83 7TMS, Llanina House 1 844 Coedmor MS 264, Llanina House OS 1 89 1

35 1

(2 1 ) CAERWEDROS Rhiwonnen -(SN 4 1 5-589)[tn. Rhiwonnen (25-a)]; [hnw'�nen Gr. Davies, rhiw'annen 1 948 GMG p. 65] Rhiw-onen OS1 891 In Cardiganshire Welsh stressed sometimes becomes , e.g. anoddef � anadde, llywionen � llywanen [ 1934a J. J. Gl. Davies] , cf. Ffostrasol (13-a). Rhydfelen -(SN 400-582)[rhyd + melen] ; [hri:d'velen Gr. Davies] Rhydfelin 1 837TMS, Rhyd-felen OS1 891 Rhydhalen -(SN 392-574)[rhyd + hn. Halen]; [hri:d'alen Gr. Davies, rhyd'alen 1 948 GMG p. 73] Redheylan ? 1 283-84 p.c. R Walker, Rhyd-yr-halen 1 754 in 1 963 M.Richards p.21 9, Rhydalen 1 760CF, Tir Rhydyrhalen 1 783 in 1963 M.Richards p. 2 1 9, Rhydalen { added} OOS 1 81 1 , Rhydhalen, Rhydalen 1 837TMS, Rhyd-halen OS 1 89 1 , Rhydalen Dairy OS1 982, (c) Lon Rhydalen 1 996 CN 21/06/96 Judging from the 1283-84 reference which was the stop of Edward I between Aberystwyth and Aberteifi [p.c. R. Walker], Rhydhalen seems to have been the ford on a medieval main road to Aberteifi; see Castell CaFWedros (1 8-b), Llwynda.fYdd (18-a), Eisteddfa (17-a); a document of 1 804 [M. Richardson MSS: 268] talks of a road that led through Llwynda.fYdd (1 8-a), through Maesglas ( 8-a), to Aberteifi. Such a route would pass closer to the parish centres of Llanina, Llanllwchaearn, Llandysulio Gogo, Llangrannog, and Penbryn, than does the present road; cf. Rhyd-yr-halen (1 9-a). However, it is possible that the 1 283-84 form refers to the monastic grange of Rhuddlan Dei:fi (1 5-e). Salamanca -(SN 400-590)[E.tn. Salamanca (Spain)]; Salamanca Cottage OS 1 89 1 SWil-y-mor -(SN 424-589)[sWI1 + y + mor]; Swn y Mor OS 1 982 Tal-y-werydd -(SN 399-590)[tal + tn. Iwerydd]; Tal-y-werydd OS 1 904 Tan-yr-allt -(SN 404-585)[tan + yr + alit]; Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 Tandderwen -(SN 408-586)[tan + y + derwen]; Tan-dderwen + Smithy OS 1 891 Tan-y-fron -(SN 402-579)[tan + y + bron] ; Tan-y-fron OS1 891 Troed-y-rhiw(i) -(SN 41 5-590)(Llain Garreglwyd)[troed + y + rhiw]; Troedyrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troedyrhiew 1 837TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Troed-y-rhiw(ii) -(SN 403-572)(Penllwybr)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw 08 1 891 Troedrhiw(iii) -(SN 41 0-589)(Capelwern)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-rhiw OS 1 891 Troed-y-rhiwhir -(SN 414-597)[troed + y + rhiw + hir]; Troed-y-rhiw-hir OS1 83 4 Ty-cam -(SN 406-593)[ty + cam] ; Ty-cam OS 1 89 1 Waun -(SN 421 -592)[y + gwaun] ; [wejn Gr. Davies, wein 1 948 GMG p. 65] Waunpenyffordd ? 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 7, Waun 08 1 89 1 Wern -(SN 4 1 0-589)[tn. Wern[-newydd] (22-a)] ; [wern Gr . Davies] Wem OS 1 89 1 , Wern House 08 1 982 Werndeg -(SN 41 6-589) [y + gwem + teg] ; Wem-deg OS1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1 891 ; OS1 904). Wern Villa -(SN 408-590)[tn. Wern[-newydd] (22-a) + E. villa] ; [wern'vda Gr. Davies] Wem Villa OS1 891 geonyms Bae Llanina -(SN 412-602)[bae + tn. Llanina (21-a)]; Little Quay Bay OS 1 89 1 , ym Mae Llanina 1 95 8 H.G.Davies p. 67 Carregina -(SN 402-600)[carreg + pn. Ina]; [ES'bra.nJan'ina 1 93 4a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 826] 352

(2 1 ) CAERWEDROS Carreg Ina 1 808 S . RMeyrick p.73, Carreg Ina O OS 1 8 1 1 , Carigina 1 82 1 in c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 2 1 , Careg Ina 1 86 8 J.Davies p. 20, Careg Ina 1 875 D . J.Davies p. 3 6, Careg Ina O S 1 891 , a Cherryg Ina c. 1 965 M. Evans vol. 1 p. 3 9

NW o f the estuary of the river Llethi' [ 1 808 s . R . Meyrick: 73] ; 'several rocky islands' [1821 :in c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Trnner: 1 2 1 ] ; 'craig tu allan i Lanina' [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 36] ; a reef [1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 826]; visible only at low tide [ 1 974 CER: 7.273]. Cefngarsi -(SN 40 1 -5 86) [cefn + y + carsi] ; [kevn'karsi E. & H . Thomas, cefen garsi 1 948 GMG p. 69] This was 'rocky ground

Keven Gansey Hill (sic loc.) 1 760map E.Bowen, Cefen Garsi 1 820PR Llanllwchaearn, Cefengarsey 1 844 Coedmor MS 264, Cefu Garsi OS 1 89 1

" 'Na beth yw anialwch !" [:inf. E. & H. Thomas] ; carsi � E. kersey cersi [ 1 952 T. Pany: 536] . An adaptation into Welsh of the tale of Charlemagne has a Garsi Vrenhin of Spain [1 300% YCM: 44], but this is hardly likely to be contained in this place-name. Cwmfuwch -(SN 425-603) [ cwm + y + buwch]; The description o f this spot was given as 'rough cloth'; cf

Coed Cwm Buch 1 83 7TMS, Cwm Buwch OS 1 904

Cwmbuwch is likely to be a readjustive non-lenition, there was another Cwmbuwch Ciliau ( 1 8-a) [ c. 1 925 D. Thomas MS B-62] ; cf Cwmgaseg (64-a).

in the area

The form around

Eglwys-y-rbiw

-(SN c . 4 1 6-606) [eglwys + y + rhiw] ;

Eglwys yr Rhiw 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Eglwys y Rhiw 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 73 , Penlan Abbey 1 93 3 E.B. Davies p.48

[ 1 80lmap w. Morris] ; 'a circular piece of foul ground . . . 3m w of Aberaeron, half a [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 73] ; 'darn crwn o dir' (sic) [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 36]; description of sea gaining ground around Llanina church [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 9]. There was a tradition of an old church below Gasgengoch (21-b) [ 1 895guide New Quay: 1 3 ; 1 936 LlCCLl: 1 1 ] ; " Yr oedd traddodiad fod eglwys Llanina yn y This was 'foul ground' mile off the shore'

cyn-oesoedd, yn awr o dan dd\Vr ym Mae Llanina . . . yr oedd hen draddodiad fod cloch yr hen eglwys dan y d\Vr yn tincian pan fYddai un o deulu'r plas ar farw. "

[1 958 H. G. Davies: 67] ;

"

. . . what is known as Penlan

Abbey, somewhere in the vicinity of Carreg Ina, New Quay, in common with other places on Cardigan Bay, shares the story of the ancient church submerged under the sea, the bells of which, so the old fishermen relate, can still be heard chiming at ebb tide. "

[ 1 933 E. B. Davies: 48} ;

"the church drowned when

the sea invaded Cantre'r Gwaelod . . . it is said to lie somewhere near Carreg Ina. "

Gasgengocb

[ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 30].

-(SN c. 3 99-409)[y + casgen + coch];

Casgen Goch 1 895guide New Quay p . 1 3 , Y Gasgen Goch, a'r Gasgen Goch 1 936 LlCCLl p. 1 1 This was a cask anchored three-quarters of a mile from both

Y Bocspupr (20-b) and Trwyn Llanina (21 -b), [ 1 895guide New Quay: 1 3] ; it lay 1m from

so as to warn mariners of shallowness of the sea in that quarter Llanina [ 1 936 LlCCLl:

1 1] .

It was related by an old woman in the early twentieth century that when she was

small she heard from an old woman, who had heard when young from another old woman, that a woman who was an old relative to that woman had harvested at the spot were This account

-

Gasgengoch

lies [ 1 936

LlCCLl: 1 1 ] .

if it can b e trusted - would seem t o point t o a time in the seventeenth century at the latest

when this area was dry land.

Graigddu -(SN 42 1 -603 ) [y + craig + du] ; Graig Ddu 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Craig Ddu OS 1 834, o Graig Penlan 1 868 J.Davies p. 20, Y Graig Ddu 1 96 1 M. Evans p. 50

Gweirgloddina -(SN c.408-60 I )[gweirglodd + pn.

Ina] ;

Gweirglodd Ina 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 73 , Y Weirglawdd 1 875 D . J. Davies p. 3 6 'Rocky ground NE o f estuary o f the river Llethi'

Davies: 36]. Rabbit Warren -(SN 403-5 87) [E .

[ 1 808

s.

R. Meyrick: 73];

'lie bas nid pell o Lanina'

[ 1 875 D. J.

rabbit + warren] ;

Rabbit Warren OS 1 904 On Cefngarsi (20-b), it was fenced off in a certain period, Traetb Cei-bacb -(SN 4 1 1 -598)[traeth + tn. Cei-bach (21 -a)] ;

and rabbits were kept and bred

[:inf. Gr. Davies].

ar Draeth Cei bach 1 96 1 M.Evans p . 3 2, ar Draeth Cei-bach 1 983 Gambo n. 1 8

Traetbgwyn

-(SN 3 98-595) [traeth + gwyn];

[2$'tra:O'gwm

1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 852]

Traeth Gwynne 1 80 l map W.Morris, Traeth-gwyn OS I 834, Ina Beach 1 895guide New Quay p. l 2, Traeth Gwyn 1 96 1 M.Evans pp. 3 5,64

Trwyn Llanina -(SN 405-599)[trwyn + tn. Llanina (21-a)]; 353

(2 1 ) CAERWEDROS at Drwyn Llanina 1 93 9 LlCCLl p. 2 1 , i Ben Llanina c. 1 965 M.Evans vol.2 p. 47, Trwyn Llanina 1 983 Gambo n. 3 , Pen-Llanina 1 984 Gambo n. 21

354

(22) CAERWEDROS LLANNARTH Ardwyn

-(SN 429-585)[ar- + twyn] ; Ardwyn OS 1 982

Arfryn

-(SN 446-586)[ar- + bryn] ;

[arvrm E.

Davies]

Arfryn OS 1 982

Awelfa -(SN 403-548) [awel + -fa]; Awelfa OS 1 982

Bane Penlannoeth

-(SN 478-526)[banc + tn. Penlannoeth (22-a)];

Banc-pen-lan-noeth 08 1 89 1 , Bane 1 92 1 M.Eist., Bane Penlanoeth 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Bane 1 9 84 Clone n. 23 On Penlannoeth land

Bargod

[1 921 M.Eist.] . [�'barg�d

-(SN 43 7-5 9 l ) [ar- + coed]; Tithin [

E. Davies,

bargod 1 948

GMG p. l l 4]

]goed y Goveint 1 5 87rent, Argoed y Gofied 1 760CF, Argoed y Gofaint 1 78 1 rent, Bargoed

1 803map J. Singer,

Bargoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bargod

1 8 1 7PR Llannarth,

Bargoed OS 1 834, Bargoed

1 83 7TMS Llannarth, Bargoed 1 83 7TMS Llanina, Bargoed-y-gofaint 1 990 Gambo n. 72

Bargod

Argoed, whose full name was Argoed-y-gofaint, it was Argoed-y-gofaint may have been a larger holding previous to its name crops up as an alias to both Llwyncelyn(i) (22-a) and

is probably a popular reanalysis of

certainly in existence on this site in 1 834; the nineteenth century, explaining why

Pentre-Siams (22-a). Bath

-(SN 405-564)[E. bath/ E.tn. Bath] ; Bath-cottage OS 1 89 1

Inexistent [OS1904]. Beili -(SN 458-541 )[beili] ; (bejli

E. Davies,

beili

1 948 GMG p. 1 1 4]

Baeli 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Beily 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Beili O S 1 834, Beiley 1 83 7TMS, Beili OS 1 89 1

Berthlwyd(i)

-(SN 408-560)(Ce11i-Genlas) [y + perth + llwyd];

[bcrO'Iujd

E. Davies, E.

& H.

Thomas,

berth lwyd

1 948 GMG p. 1 1 5 ] Perth Lwyd 1 769PR Llannarth, Berth Llwyd als. Lloyd 1 778PR Llannarth, Perthllwyd 008 1 8 1 1 , Perth­ llwyd OS 1 834, Perthllwyd fawr + fach, Berthllwydd, Berthllwyd 1 83 7TMS, Berth-1\\ryd O S 1 89 1 , Berth­ lwyd OSc. 1 950

Berthlwyd(ii) -(SN 44 1 -558)(Cathilwyd)[y + perth + llwyd] ; [berO'Iujd,

now west'rclja E. Davies]

Berthlwyd 1 7 8 1 rent, Kothillwyd ucha als. Cae Kothilwyd als. Berthlwyd 1 83 2 Coedmor MS 265 , Berthlwyd fawr 1 83 7TMS, Perth-1\\ryd O S 1 89 1 , Perth-lwyd 0Sc. 1 950, Westralia 0 8 1 982 The change of name was occasioned by a man who had been in western Australia, due to the confusion of having two Berthlwyd in the same parish [inf E.

Bicos

-(SN 437-5 6 1 ) [E. bake + house] ;

(b1k�s

Davies] .

E. Davies]

Bakehouse Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Buckhouse 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Buckhouse als. Bakehouse, Peccws

?

1 926 RE. Bevan p. 74

Blac-leion -(SN 436- 525)[E.

black + lion];

[blak'lej�n

Ll. Jones,

pcntre,hri:d'l�dan ? Ll.

Jones]

The Black Lion 1 832 Coedmor MS 265, Black Lion Cottage O S 1 89 1 Newly built

Blaenbargod

in

1 832

( 1 832 Coedmor MS 265] . + tn. Bargod (22-a)]; [bla:n' barg �d E. Davies]

-(SN 430-582)[blaen

Blaen Bargod 1 824PR L1annarth, Blaen-bargod 08 1 89 1 , Blaen-bargoed O S 1 904

Blaencletwr-fawr -(SN 443-53 1 ) [blaen + hn.

Cletwr (+ mawr)] ;

[bla:n'klctur E.

Davies]

Blaen Cletur 1 545 NA MSS, Tythyn Blaen Clettur 1 547 NA MSS, Dyfrin Blaen Klettwr 1 587rent, Tir Blaen Klettwr als. Tir Blaen Klettwr vawr 1 625 GTM MSS p. 34, Blaen Clettwr 1 760CF, Blaen Cletwr 1 78 1 rent {v.l. GMG} , Blaen Clettwr 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenclettwr fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen Cletwr OS 1 834, Blaen-clettwr OS 1 89 1 , Clos Blaenclettwr (adj . ) 1 924-26 CSRLS 48

Blaencletwr-fach

-(SN 447-529)[blaen +

hn. Cletwr (+ bach)] ;

Blaenclettwr fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen Cletwr fach O S 1 8 34, Blaenclettwr fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 48

Blaencringoed

-(SN 457-570)[blaen + tn. Cringoed

(22-a)] ; [bla:n'krr�JQ�d

Blaen-cringoed OS 1 89 1

Blaencwm(i)

-(SN 480-524)(Penlannoeth)[blaen + y

+ cwm] ;

355

Ll Jones, E. Davies]

(22) CAERWEDROS Blaen y Cwm 1 820PR Llannarth, Blaen-cwm O S 1 89 1 , Blaencwm 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Blaencwm-uchaf + -isaf 1 984 Clone n. 23

Blaencwm(ii)

-(SN 422- 5 5 3 )(Gofynach) [blaen + y

+ cwm] ;

Blaenycwm 008 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-y-cwm OS 1 834, Blaen Cwm 1 83 7TMS

Blaencwmhalen -(SN 425 -525) [blaen + y + cwm + halen] ; Blaen-cwm O S 1 834, Blaen-cwm-halen O S 1 89 1

halen here does not seem to have anything to do with the sea as it is far inland, and on the Sian Cwilt (22-b) rather than on its seaward slopes. It is at the head of a small valley and tributary of Cletwr-fawr, and possibly Halen was a stream-name, cf Halen (d). Blaencwm Pantsod -(SN 4 1 3-533) [blaen + y + cwm + tn. Pantsod (22-a)] ; [bla·IJ'kum, blaen'kum E. & H. The reason for

landward slopes of Bane

Thomas] Blaen Cwm Pantsod 1 830PR Llandysulio Gogo, Blaencwm 1 83 7TMS, Blaen-cwm-pant-sod OS I 89 1 , Blaen-cwm-pant-sod 0Sc. 1 950

Blaencwmpatsh

[bla:n,kum'patJ E.

-(SN 4 1 8-530) [blaen + y + cwm (+ patsh) ] ;

Davies,

kum'patJ Gr.

Davies]

Blaen Cwm Tre:ffin 1 803map J. Singer, Cwmrhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-rhyd-owen O S 1 834, i Dy Sion Cwilt 1 899 Cymru vol. 1 6 p.34, Blaencwmpatch 1 92 1 M.Eist. , ym Mlaencwmpatsh 1 962 D.E. Rees p. 3 0 The term patsh 'patch(y)' i s almost certainly a jocular epithet to

Blaencwm,

a s the earlier forms o f 1 803-

I am unsure of the meaning of the specifier of 1 803 , but that of 1 8 1 1 and 1 834, in a garbled form, referred to nearby Rhyd-yr-wyn (22-a). The frrst possible 34 show Blaencwm to have had a different specifier.

explanation of the significance ofpatsh has to do with the smuggler Sian lived here

[1921 M.Eist.]),

because the word

patch

Cwilt (who was reputed to have quilt, for Sion

caused an association with the word

Cwilt was reputed - incorrectly, it would seem - to wear a patchwork of rags "hence Johnny Quilt" [c.1 902 E. R Horsfall-Tmner: 216]), cf the verses quoted by E. B. Davies [ 1 93 3 : 4 1 ] : " Os cadd ef hugan newydd I Hi aeth yn fratiog wael I A 'doedd wiw siarad am un fwy I Am nad oedd modd i'w chael. II Rhaid ydoedd clytio honno I Bob 11iw a llun ynghyd I Nes aeth fel quilt; a galwyd Sion I 'Shon Cwilt', 'Shon Cwilt' o hyd. " A hermit (c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 216], he kept an inn where he received contraband [ 1 93 3 E. B. Davies: 1 1 ] ; tale of a stranger who built a tf;-unnos in the time of Herbert Lloyd ( 1 7 1 9-69) the infamous squire of Ffynnonbedr(i) (23-a) [ 1956 J. s. Rees: 105--D9]. The keeping of an inn, connected with smuggling activities, in such an apparently inhospitable area is not at all improbable, see sub Les-fach (18a). According to tradition there was another house, near Blaeneinon (22-a), described as Ty Unnos, and built in one night by Sion Cwilt [ 1 92 1 M.Eist. ]. Another explanation - probably just as likely - is that the word patsh was applied humorously to this site because of its ruinous state, cf Ty-patsh (41-a). Blaenddol -(SN 4 1 2- 586) [blaen + y + dol] ; [blaen'n Ll.

Jones, E . Davies]

Blaen Einon 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Eynon 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Blaen Einon 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Blaen Eynon 1 83 7TMS, Blaen-einon 08 1 89 1 Whilst Blaeneinon is only 100m

from Rhydeinon (22-a), it lies i n a different catchment area from the latter, [Rhyd]einon' than 'the headwaters of hn. *Einon'; cf. Nantmeddal-fach (22-a); Blaenhywel (14-a). Blaenffynnon -(SN 43 0- 564) [blaen + y + :ffynnon] ; [blan'f�n:>n E. Davies] therefore it is better to interpret as 'the top part of tn.

Blaen-ffynnon OS 1 89 1

Blaengorsddu

-(SN 463-566) [blaen

+ y + cors + du];

Blaen-gors-ddu O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-gors-ddu O S 1 904, Blaengorsddu 1 924-26 CSRLS 48

Blaengranell

-(SN c. 459-52 1 ) [blaen +

hn. Granell] ;

Blaen Grannell 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen-granell OS 1 834, Blaengranell 1 924-26 CSRLS 48

Blaenllain(i)

-(SN 478-530)(Caledrydiau)[blaen + y + llain] ;

Blaen-llain O S 1 89 1

Blaenllain(ii)

-(SN 444-549)(Rhydmaengwyn)[blaen + y + llain] ;

Blain-llain OS 1 89 1 , Pentowan OS 1 982

356

[bla:n'iajn,

now

pen't:>wan E .

Davies]

(22) CAERWEDROS Blaenllannarth -(SN 469-538)[blaen + tn. Llannarth (22-a)] ; [bla:n'lanare E. Davies] Blaen Llanarth 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Blaenllanarth 1 78 1 rent, Tyr Blaenllanarth 1 78 5 Hav.WW MS 24001 (GMG), Blaen Lalrallt 1 803map J. S inger, Old Blaenllanarth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blan Llanarth 1 8 1 4PR Blaen-llanarth OS 1 89 1 , Blaenllanarth fach 'ar glos Blaenllanarth' 1 92 1 M.Eist. , lard Blaenllanarth + Efail Blaenllanarth 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 See sub Llwynfedw (22-a). Blaenpant -(SN 428-583) [blaen + y + pant] ; Blaenpant 1 83 7TMS Blaenparc -(SN 476-532) [blaen + y + pare]; [bla:n'park M Thomas] Blaen-parc OS 1 89 1 Blaenrhos(i) -(SN 409-539)(Pantsod)[blaen + y + rhos] ; Glanyrhos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glan-rhos OS 1 834, Blaen Rhos 1 837TMS, Ty-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Ty-rhos OS 1 904, Blaen-rhos 0Sc. 1 950, Glanrhos 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 25, Glanrhos OS1 982 Blaenrhos(ii) -(SN 461 -584)(Cwmsaeson)[blaen + y + rhos] ; Llainyrhos ? 1 78 1 rent, Blaenyrhos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-y-rhos OS 1 834, Blaen Rhos, Tynyrhos 1 837TMS, Blaen-rhos OS 1 89 1 Blaensychdy -(SN 449-5 1 1 )[blaen + tn. Sychdy (22-a)]; Blaen-sychdy OS 1 89 1 , Blaensychdy 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 In ruins (081 904]. Blaenwaun -(SN 48 1 -529)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:n'wejn Ll. Jones, E. Davies] Blaen-waun OS 1 89 1 Blaenwem -(SN 423 -563) [blaen + y + gwern] ; [bla'wern Ll. Jones, bla:n'wern, bla:0'wern E . Davies] Blaen-wern OS 1 89 1 , Blanwern in£ E. Davies Bont -(SN 446-587)[y + pont]; [b::mt E. Davies] Bont OS 1 89 1 Bro-Gido -(SN 4 1 0-58 l)[bro + hn. Gido]; Bro Gido OS 1 982 A housing estate. Bro-Mydr -(SN 456-5 52) [bro + hn. Mydr] ; Bro Mydyr OS 1 982 A housing estate. Bronllethi -(SN 425-577) [bron + hn. Llethi] ; [bro'leei (id. ) E. Davies] Bronllethi OS 1 982, Stad Bro Llethi (sic) in£ E. Davies, Bronllethi (sign) A housing estate. Bronwilym -(SN 438-57 1 )[bron + pn. Gwilym] ; [vr�n'wihm E. Davies] Bron Willym 1 630 Lucas MSS, Bron Willim 1 725 Lucas MS S, Fronwilim OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fron Wilirn OS 1 834, Fron Willim 1 83 7TMS, Fron-wilym OS 1 89 1 Bronwilym-ucha -(SN 43 6-568)[bron + pn. Gwilym ( + uchaf)] ; [mw'd3�rd3.ia E. Davies, Ll. Jones, Gr. Davies, vr�n,wilnn'Ix,a E. Davies] New Georgia OOS 1 8 1 1 , Georgia 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, New Georgia OS 1 834, New Georgia 1 837TMS, New Georgia OS 1 89 1 , i Fronwilym uchaf 1 93 5 in WM 22/02/3 5 "Pan oedd D. S.Evans yn hogyn (g. 1 8 1 8) symudodd i Fronwilym Uchaf, ei rieni (Silvanus a Sarah Evans) wedi prynu'r £farm oddi teulu o'r enw George gan roi enw newydd iddo New Georgia. " [letter of T. E. Thomas 1 935 WM 22/02/35] ; "Gellir casglu. . . bod gan y sawl a newidodd yr enw cydymdeirnlad a gwladwriaethau De America (sic) yn ystod y rhyfel cartref yno . " [D. J. o. Jones 1 984 CN 1 4/09/84] ; Bronwilym-ucha ar glos New Georgia [inf E. Davies]. Bryn -(SN 43 3-546)[bryn]; [brm E. & H. Thomas, E. Davies] Brynn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bryn OS 1 834, Bryn OS 1 904, Bryn-Einon OS 1 982 Brynbedw -(SN 475-535)[bryn + bedw] ; Brynbedw OS 1 982 Bryncoch -(SN 453-595)[bryn + coch] ; Bryncoch 1 83 7TMS Bryndewi -(SN 430-565)[bryn + pn. Dewi] ; [brm'dewi E. Davies] Bryndewi OS 1 982 357

(22) CAERWEDROS Bryndyre -(SN 435-597)[bryn + y + dyre] ; [brm'dere E. Davies, brin d'yre 1 948 GMG p. 1 1 6] Llaine Bryn y Dyre 1 587rent, Tyr Bryne Ydyre, Tyr Bryny Dyre 1 697 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tir Brynne y Dyre 1 697/98 D. T.M Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tyrbryndyre 1 7 1 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Llain y Brindyre 1 78 1 rent {v.l. GMG} , Llain Bryndyre 1 78 1 rent, Bryndure OOS 1 81 1 , Bryndyre 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Brun Dyre 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Bryn-dyre O S 1 834, Llain Bryndyre 1 837TMS, Brynderau O S 1 89 1 , Bryndere OS 1 904 The site is now destroyed, but the name has been given to a bungalow near Panteryrod (22-a) [inf.). The meaning of dyre 'sexual desire, lust' (whose root includes *reg- to rise, to spread' [GPC s.v. dyre; 1 927 BBCS: 4.54]), may have a meaning 'rise', cf the term codiad 'a rising' which can refer to topography or a sexual erection, cf Bryncodi (76-b), Dihewyd (26-a). This was the interpretation of G. M. Griffiths [ 1 948: 1 16] after quoting Middle Welsh examples of the use of the term as an adjective and as a verb-noun: "Hwyrach fod iddo'r ystyr drythyll yn yr enw uchod a'i fod i'w gymharu ag enwau fel Dihewyd. " The hill in question appears to be the separate height immediately to the SE; cf. (c) Llwnc a Dere (Llanfynydd, Carms.) [ 1 984 Cardi: 1 7.9 1 ] . Bryneurin -(SN 43 1 -577) [bryn + eurin]; [brm'ejrm E . Davies] Bryneurin OS 1 982 Brynfa -(SN 43 2-567)[bryn + -fa] ; Brynfa OS 1 982 Brynhendy -(SN 430-565)[bryn + hen + ty] ; [brm'hrendi E. Davies] Brynhendy OS 1 982 Bryn Rhiwgaled -(SN 3 99-550)[bryn + tn. [Pen]rhiwgaled (21-a)] ; [kapel,brmnw'galed E. & H. Thomas] Brynrhiwgaled c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 278, Capel Brynrhiwgaled OS 1 904, yng Nghapel y Bryn 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 6 1 , Capel OS 1 982 b. l 894 [ 1 97 1 M. E. James: 1 1 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfull-Tumer: 278], a Methodist denomination. the chapel at Brynrhiwgaled replaced the Capel Penrhiwgaled (21 -a), and has given its name to Pentre'rbryn (1 9-a). Brynsynod -(SN 400-547)[bryn + tn. Synod (22 a)] ; [brm Jm�d E. & H. Thomas] Bryn-synod OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 89 1 -1904 [OS1 891 ; OS1 904] . Bwlch-y-bryn -(SN 459-540) [bwlch + y + bryn]; [bulx�'brm E. Davies] Bwlchybrin 1 78 8 NLW Deeds MS 1 ,263, Bwlch y Bryn 008 1 8 1 1 , Bwlch-y-bryn OS 1 834, Bwlch-y-bryn 1 837TM8, Bwlch y Baili ? 1 862PR Capelcynon, Bwlch y Bryn inf E. Davies This place is near Beili (22-a). Bwlchcerdin -(SN 449-559)(bwlch + y + cerdin] ; Bwlch-cerdin OS 1 89 1 Bwlchdwr -(SN 448-56 1 ) [bwlch + y + dWr-]; [bulxa'du:r E . Davies] Bwlch-y-bryn 08 1 834, Bwlch-dWr- OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch-y-dWr- 08 1 904 Cf BwlchdWr (47-a). Bwlch-yr-oerfa -(SN 475-545)[bwlch + yr + oerfa] ; Bwlch-yr-yrfa OS 1 89 1 Bwlchungwr -(SN 41 3-554)[bwlch + un + gwr] ; [bulx'uugur E . & H . Thomas, bulx'IUgur Ll. Jones] Bwlch Hwngwr 1 83 7TMS, Bwlch Un Gwr 1 866 D. Thomas p.48, Bwlch 081 8 9 1 , Bwlch OS 1 904, Bwlchungwr 1 984 Pam. 7 p. 6 1 This place is popularly connected with the story of the battles o f prince Einon [ inf E . & H. Thomas], see sub Rhydeinon (22-a); cf tn. Bwlchungwr bulx'uugur [inf L. L. Davies] (SN 14-32, Presely, Pembs.); (c) Cae Bwlchungwr (14-unloc.) [c.1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1/9] ; I.tn. One Man 's Pass (Slieve League, Co. Donegal). Bwlchwinllan -(8N 41 3-556) [bwlch + y + gwinllan]; [bulx'wmian E. & H. Thomas] Bwlch-winllan 08 1 891 Cae-eithin -(SN 448-578) [cae + yr + eithin] ; [ka:'iem E. Davies] Cae-yr-eithin OS 1 89 1 , Ca !thin 1 926 RE.Bevan p.62, Caeithin inf E. Davies Cae-Martha -(SN 426-576)[cae + fpn. Martha] ; [kam'area E. Davies] Cae Martha OS 1 982 A housing estate. Cae'ronnen -(SN 4 1 5-568)[cae + yr + onnen] ; Caeronen OS 1 982 -

358

(22) CAERWEDROS Doubtlessly built on Esgaironnen (22-a) land. Caledrydiau -(SN 476-532)[caled + rhydiau]; [kale'dr�dje Ll. Jones, pla:s,kaled'rtdje M Thomas] Tyr Caled Rhydie 1 785 Hav.WW MS 24001 (GMG), Cefyngafriw (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Caledrydiau 1 8 1 3PR Llanwenog, Caled Rydie 1 81 5PR Llannarth, Caled Rhydiau 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Caled Rhydiau OS 1 834, Calydrydua, Caledrhydiau 1 83 7TMS, Caledridieu 1 875sur. landowners p.2, Plas Caled Rhydiau 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Caled-rhydiau OS 1 89 1 C f Nant-y-gledryd als. Cennant (d), Gledrydd (5 1-a). Capelcrist -(SN c.43 5-606)[capel + pn. Crist]; Capel Christ 1 578map C. Saxton, (c) Bane y Cappel, (c) Bane y Cappel 1 837TMS, Capel Crist, (c) Pistill Capel Crist {Crist marked out} 1 875MR Llyswen, Llangrist Chapel 1 987 W.J.Lewis p.54 "Gelwir y cae lie safai y capel yn 'Bane y Capel' hyd heddiw. Yn bresennol mae yna dwmpathau i'w canfod (gweddillion beddau). " [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 10]; "Nid oes faen ar faen o'r adeilad [Capelcrist] yn aros yn awr, ond y mae eto i'w gweld rai o'r 'glas dwmpathau' lle y gosodwyd yr hyn oedd yn farwol o 'hen deidiau pobl y plwy'. Bu rhai hen bobl a adwaenwn yn siarad a'r cyfryw a gofient weled gwasanaeth achlysurol yn y capet Cofus oedd ganddynt hefYd weled claddedigaethau yno o bryd i'w gilydd. Y diweddaf a gladdwyd yno oeddynt gyrff morwyr a gafwyd ar y traeth gerllaw. Cafodd y capel ei dynnu i lawr er mwyn y cerrig oedd ynddo, a chafodd rhan o'r gladdfa ei haredig ! . . . Yn ol pob hanes cymerodd yr amhaith le yn y ddeunawfed ganrif, pan oedd Sais yn dal ficeriaeth Llanarth. " [1914 Cymru: 47. 1 87] . Dedicated to the Holy Cross [181 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel Christ]; "Early dedications in the name of Jesus or Christ are almost non-existent. Almost all Irish examples of Cell Christ, for example, refer to the Norman foundation of Christchurch in Dublin. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 388-89] . Capelficer -(SN 452-563)[capel + tn [Carn]ficer (22-a)t [kapel'viker E. Davies, capelficer 1 948 GMG p . 1 1 7] Capel Vicar 1 829PR Llannarth, Capel y Ficar OS 1 834, Chapel 1 83 7TMS, Capel-vicar, Methodist Chapel (Wesleyan) OS 1 89 1 , Llannarth, (Vicer's Chapel) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 280, Capel Ficer 1 930 D.J.Davies p.40, Capel Vicar 0Sc. 1 950 b. 1 8 1 0 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 51 7; 1 930 D. J. Davies: 53; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Truner: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 69]; b. 1 849 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 67] . Named after karn'viker which stood in a nearby field, below [inf. E. Davies] . Such persons as Oweyn Person [ 1465 Bronwydd MSS] and David ap Vicker [ 1 4 1 9 Bronwydd MSS] are attested. Capel Fronwen -(SN 425-575) [capel + tn. Fronwen (22-a)] ; [kapel,vr;:,n'wen E. Davies] Fannwen/Tonwen Chapel ? 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 5 1 9, Capel Fron-wen (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 891 , C.Vronwen (Llanarth) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277 b. 1 779 [ 1851Rel cens. : 5 1 9; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 66] ; b. 1 8 1 8 [1 875 D. J. Davies: 54; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 48--49] ; enl. 1 834 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 66); b. l 8 5 8 ( 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 48--49]. Capel Llwyncelyn -(SN 441 -594)[capel + tn. Llwyncelyn(i) (22-a)] ; Llwyncelin Chapel 1 8 89 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 7, Llwyn-celyn, Independent Chapel OS 1 891 , Llwyncelyn c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.279, Chapel OS 1 982 A sunday school b. c. 1 8 1 0 at Pen-y-cnwc-ganol (22-a) [ 1 875 R. A Thomas: 1 1 1] ; b. 1 855, Calvinist [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Truner: 279] . Capel Mydroulun -(SN 458-552)[capel + tn. Mydroulun (22-a)]; Indt. Chapel OS 1 89 1 , Mydroilin c . 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p . 279, Chap OS1 982 b. > 1 753 [ 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 67]; b. l 753 [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 52J; 1 8 1 3 lease of land [ 1 934 TS 23/03/34]; reb. 1 832 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Truner: 279; 1 934 TS 23/03/34] ; b. 1 83 5 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 5 1 7] ; improved 1 857 or 1 858 ( 1 934 TS 23/03/34] ; reb. l 897-98 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfull-Truner: 279; 1 934 TS 23/03/34] . Camfeilig -(SN 447-558)[carn + pn. Meilig]; [garn'vejhg E . Davies] Gam Feilig 1 829PR Llannarth, Gam-feillig OS 1 89 1 , Garnfeilig 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Bryniwan OS I 982 "It is said of the church that when it was decided to rebuild it, another, more central site was chosen, on the ridge between Llanarth and Mydroilyn. But when the building began there any work done during the day was dismantled by supernatural forces during the night and the materials moved to the old site where the church was eventually rebuilt. The proposed site on the ridge is still called Cam Feilig." [ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 42] ; see sub Rhiwfeilig (22-b). Castellgeifr -(SN 426-586)[castell + y + geifr]; [kastcl E. Davies, Gr. Davies, kastcl�'gejvtr Gr. Davies, kastcl� 'gejvr E. Davies] Tir Castle y Geivir 1 697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol4 p. 762, Castell 1 78 1 rent, Castellygeifr OOS 1 81 1 , Castell Geifr 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Castell y Geifr O S 1 834, Castell y Geifer, Castell Geifrr 1 837TMS, 359

(22) CAERWEDROS Castell-y-geifry 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p . 1 7, Castell-geifr O S 1 89 1 , O S 1 982,

(c) Alit y Castell (prox. )

(c)

Alit Castellgei:fr (prox. )

1 984 Gambo n.20

There are no fortifications apparent in the vicinity, so we posit this originally referred to a nearby rock overlooking the Llethi valley, cf a rock identically named in Breconshire

[ 1 987 Brycheiniog: 22.84]; y-gido (22-a), Llwynwermwnt (1 9-a). Castellpigyn -(SN 43 1 -5 87)[tn. Castellpigyn (Abergwili, Carms.)] ; [kastcl'pigin, kastcl'pigm E. Davies]

cf

Mot­

Castell-pigyn OS 1 89 1

Castellpigyn was a mansion (SN 43-21, Abergwili, Carms.), (49-a), Castell (61 -a). Castellpwdr -(SN 4 1 7-547) [castell + pwdr]; [kastet: (pudor) E. & H. Thomas] N o apparent remains o f fortifications;

cf

Pigyn

Castell Pwdwr 1 83 7TMS No apparent remains of fortifications.

Castellsam -(SN

444-5 5 9) [castell + pn. Sam[uel] ] ;

[kastcl'sam

E. Davies]

Castell Sarn OS 1 982 This was b. l 970s [inf.

E. Davies],

Gaer (SN 442- 5 5 5 ) 500m sw, [1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 250) . "Wy]; [kastcl�'ruj E. & H. Thomas]

and has no connection with

noted o n tithe

map, though " nothing is now visible"

Castell-yr-wy -(SN 4 1 4-57 l )[castell + yr +

Cefu Perthpiod fach 1 83 7TM:S, Castell-yr-Wy O S 1 8 9 1 , Castell-yr-"Wy O S 1 904 No apparent remains of fortifications.

Cathilwyd-fach

-(SN 43 8-5 5 7) [ ? (+ bach)];

[kaO,ilud'va:x E.

Davies]

Cathilwydfach 1 78 l rent, Caethyllwyd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cae-ddullwyd OS 1 834, Cathilwr fach, Cathillwr fach 1 83 7TMS, Garth-ddu-lwyd-:fiich O S 1 89 1 , Carthylwid-:fiich O S 1 904

Cathilwyd-fawr -(SN 43 5-556) [

? (+ mawr)] ;

[gaO'ilud, ka9,ilud'vowr E.

Davies,

garthylwyd 1 948 GMG p. l 29]

Tythin Ketheilwyd 1 58 7rent, Tythyn Kellylwyd, Tythyn Kethylwyd 1 6 1 8 NA MSS , Tyr Kethilwyd 1 794 M Richardson MSS p. 472,

Cathilwyd l 7 8 1 rent,

Caethyllwyd fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cae-ddullwyd-fawr

O S 1 834, Cathilwr fawr, Cathillwr fawr 1 83 7TMS, Garth-ddu-lwyd-fawr O S 1 891 Whilst the components

caeth

+ aelwyd would explain the name, such a meaning is not assured. This name

has all the appearance of being a very old coining, and I can do no better than list a number of similar place-names in southern Wales: i)

Cathelyd (SN 68-03, Llangyfelach, Glams.), Goddre Kethelyd [ 1 575 M. Richardson MS 982]; Kethilyd [1629 M. Richardson MS 983 ] ; Khythylyd yssha [ 1 674 M. Richardson MS 990] ; Kythilid [1676 M. Richardson MS 996}; Cathelid genal [1 755 M. Richardson MS 1019-20] ; ii) Cathilas (SN 64-14, Ammanford, Carms.); Cathilas (SN 59-31 , Llanf)rnydd, Carms.), Tyr Cathilas [1762 CIWSt-David MSS: 1 1 . 143]; Caer-ddilest (sic) (OS1 834] . The parish church of Cathedin (SO 14-25, Brees.), Ll. V'el Gythedin [c. 1566EPC], appears to have developed from an original Cethedin, whose meaning, unfortunately, remains wholly obscure. E . Phillimore [ in 1 936 H . Owen: 4.407] noted names i n Cath-, -ilas, -elyd; see Berthlwyd(i.i.) (22-a).

Cefncae -(SN 43 8-5 89)[cefn + y + cae] ; Cefn-cae OS 1 89 1

Cefncenarth

-(SN 450-53 3 ) [cefn

Llain Keven [

+ tn. Cenarth] ;

]rth 1 6 1 8 NA MS S , Cefyngwyn (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn Genarth 08 1 834, Cefn Cenarth

1 83 7TMS, Cefngenarth 1 924-26 CSRLS 4 8 I t i s not known t o what

Cefn Esgaironnen

Cenarth refers to,

possibly t o the hill t o the w; cf

-(SN 4 1 4-572)[cefn + tn Esgaironnen (22-a)] ;

Capel Cenarth (4-a). [keven,esker'=men E. & H. Thomas]

Cefn Esgronnen, Cefnperthpiod issa 1 83 7TMS, Cefu-esgair-onen OS 1 89 1 , Cefn Esgeronen O S 1 9 82 The name of this place does not seem to be appropriate for a site that lies below Esgaironnen cf

Cefn Goetre (22-a). The alias Ce.fnperthpiod-isa opposition to Cefnperthpiod(-ucha) (22-a). Cefn Goetre -(SN 41 3 -5 69)[cefn + tn Goetre (22-a)];

(22-a) - but -isa is in

may or may not be an older name, the

Cefn y Goedre 1 765-66 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Cefynygoitre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn-y-Goytre O S 1 834, Cefu Goitre, Cefn Goytre 1 83 7TMS, El Sub Sta OS 1 982 The site lies below

Cefngrugos-fach

Goetre (22-a); see Cefnperthpiod (22-a). [keven,grig�s 'va:x

-(SN 4 1 2-547)[cefn + grugos (+ bach) ] ;

E. Davies]

Bryn Meithig, Cefngrygoes fach 1 837TMS, Cefn-grugos-:fiich 0 8 1 891

Cefngrugos-fawr -(SN 4 1 5-534) [cefn + grugos (+ mawr)] ; [keven'grig :>s 'vawr E. & H. Thomas, cefen grigos 1 94 8 GMG p. l 1 8] 360

E. Davies, Ll. Jones,

keven,grig�s

(22) CAERWEDROS Llaine Keven Grygos 1 587rent, Cefngrygos 1 78 1rent, Keven y Grigoes 1 783 Hav. WW MS 23 ,999 (GMG), Cefn Grygos 1 803map J. Singer, Cefyngrygos fawr OOS 1 81 1 , Ceven Grygos 1 8 1 2PR Llannarth, Cefen Grygos 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Cefngrigws, Cefngrygoes fawr 1 8371MS, Cefn-grugos-fawr OS 1 834, Cefn-grugos-fawr OS 1 891 For the unexpected lack of lenition, see sub Rhosgrugog (50-a); cf Pant-y-grugos (22-a). Cefnmaes -(SN 456-557)[cefn + y + maes]; [keven'ma:s E. Davies] Ceven Maes 1 78 1 rent, Cefnmaes OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn Maes OS 1 834, Cefn-maes OS 1 89 1 Cefnmaesllan -(SN 423-577)[cefn + maes + y + llan] ; Llaine Keven Maes y Lianne 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MS S vol.4 p. 762, Cefuyllan 1 78 1 rent, Cefu Maes Llan 1 827PR Llannarth, Cefn Maes Llan 1 83 7TMS, Cefu-maes-llan OS 1 891 Cefn Perthpiod -(SN 4 1 4-572)[cefn + tn. Perthp1od (22-a)] ; [keven,perO�'pbd E. & H. Thomas] Perthypiod (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefu Perth y Piod ? 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Perth-y-piod (sic) OS 1 834, Cefu Perth Piod ucha, Cefn Perth-piod 1 837TMS, Cefn Perthpiod 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 7, Cefu­ perth-piod OS 1 89 1 , Cefu-perth-p!od OS 1 904, Cefn-perth-piod OS 1 982 The -ucha of the 1 837 form was in opposition to Cefnperthpiod-isa, the alias of Cefn Esgaironnen (22-a). The new site occupied by Perthpiod (22-a) also became known as Cefn Perthpiod during much of the nineteenth century, in opposition to the original site, but became Perthpiod in the twentieth century, after the earlier site of Perthpiod was abandoned. The three cefn names - namely Cefn Esgaironnen, Cefn Goetre, Ce.fn Perthpiod (22-a) - refer to the same ridge, so we must assume that this cefn came to be split between the three holdings of Esgaironnen, Goetre and Perthpiod (22-a), new holdings having being carved out later. Celli-Genlas -(SN 409-5 55)[celli + pn. Cynlas] ; [gcli'genlas Ll. Jones, E. & H. Thomas] Tythyn y Gelli Genlas 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Gelly Genlas 1 78 1 rent { v.l. GMG} , Gelli Genlas 1 78 1 rent, Tyr Gelly Gen Glase 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Gellygenlas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gelly Genlas 1 824PR Llannarth, Gelli Genllas, Gelly Genlas 1 83 7TMS The defmite article in the 1 63 5 form would argue for *cenlas being an adjective, which is however unknown. It seems likelier that this is the OW.pn. Conglas [c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 98], Cinglas [>988 Harl. MS 3859: 172], which would regularly give MnW. Cynlas is a likely explanation for Cenlas, cf Coedcenlas (Pembs.), Cascenlas (Matluy, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 272, 484] . Celli-Ngharad -(SN 440-503)[celli + f pn. Angharad] ; [gelli ngh 'arad 1 948 GMG p. l 29] Gelly Nghar[ ] 1 670 RJJ MS 2 (GMG), Yr Erw vawr ger llaw Kelli Angharad 1 677 NA MSS, Gelly Angharad 1 728 Bronwydd MSS, Gelly Ngharad 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Gelly Angharad 1 78 1 rent, Gelly Hen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gelli Ngharad 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Gelli-ngharad OS 1 834, Gelly Harran, Gellyng Harad 1 83 7TMS, (pn) Ifan Gelli 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 33, Gelli-angharad 0Sc. 1 982, Gellihen OS 1 982 Cf Kelly Agarat (unloc.) [ 1 1 81-82(1285) cart. Ystradfflur]. Celyn Villa -(SN 44 1 -594)[tn. [Llwyn]celyn(ii) (22-a) + E. villa]; Celyn Villa OS 1 982 Cilfachrhalen -(SN 435-6 1 2) [cilfach + yr + halen] ; Tythyn Kilvach yr Halen 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Tyddin Mochros issa als. Killvach yr Halen 1 697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Killvach yr Halen 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Tyddin Mochras issa 1 7 1 8 Glansevin MS S, Tyddin Mochras issa als. Killvach yr Halen 1 7 1 8 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/258, Cilfachyrhalen 1 78 1 rent, Cilvach yr Halen 1 78 1 rent {v. l. GMG}, Celfach yr Halen 1 80 1map W.Morris, Cilfach yr Halen 1 803map J. Singer, Cilfachyrhalen OOS 1 81 1 , Kilvach yr Halen 1 81 5MR Llyswen, Gilfach Hallen 1 822MR Llyswen, Gilfach'r Halen OS1 834, Gilfach yr Halen, Gilvach yr Halen 1 83 71MS, Gilfach O S 1 89 1 , Gilfach-yr-halen OS1 904, a'r Gilfach 1 9 1 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 87 The term halen 'salt' is a figurative reference to its location by the sea; rhes o dai He y preswyliai pysgotwyr Cilfachrhalen . . [1914 Cymru: 47. 1 87]; see Gwestfa Mochros (e). CILFACHREDA -(SN 409-588) [cilfach + ? ] ; [gilvax'reda E. & H. Thomas, gilfach reda 1 948 GMG p. 7 1 ] Melin Killvach Reda + Tyr Killvach Freda, Tir Killvach Freda 1 697 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Melin Killvach Reda, Tir Killvach Freda 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Melin Killvach Yrheda + Tyr Killvachyreda, Tyr Kilfachreda 171 8 E.P . Lloyd MSS (GMG), Gilvachyreda, Gilvachredd + Kilvacredda Mill, Gilvachredda Mill 1 782rent Dolhaidd (GMG), Tyr Gilvach yr Hedda 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Cilfach Rheda 1 803map J. Singer, Cilfachrheda OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cilfach Rheda 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, 11 • • •

. 11

361

(22) CAERWEDROS Cilvach Rheda 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Gilfach'r-heda O S 1 834, Gilfach Rheda, Gilvach Rheda 1 83 7TMS, yng Nghilfach y Rhydau 1 868 J.Davies p. 27, Gilfach-rheda OS 1 89 1 , Gilfachrhydou 1 895guide New Quay p.20 The element

-reda

is wholly obscure (note the forms

Freda),

and was reanalysed to

rhydiau

in the

nineteenth century. In OS 1 89 1 and OS 1 904 the name seems to be located as much on the site ofFfatri (21-

a) and TanddeFWen (21-a) a s the above site; c fPen-y-bont (21 -a); village of Cilfachrheda (OS1 904; 1 933 E. B. Davies: 40] Cletwr - (SN (ii)430-5 1 8)[hn. Cletwr] ; [kletur Ll. Jones]

bet. 1 904-3 3 a new road had bypassed the

Tythyn Dyffiyn Clettur 1 547 NA MS S, Tyr Dyfryn Cletwr 1 620 RJJ MSS , Tir Dyffrin Clettwr 1 683 NA MS S, Dyffrin Cletur 1 743 NA MS S, Diffryn Clettwr 1 747 RJJ MSS , Clettwr 1 747 RJJ MS 9 (GMG), Clettwr 1 760CF, Cletwr 1 795PR Llannarth, Clettwr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cletwr O S 1 834, Duffryn Clettwr, Dyffryn Clettwr 1 83 7TMS, Clettwr O S 1 89 1 , Hen Amaethdy Clettwr

1 92 1 M.Eist.

(i)

i) SN 429-520. 1 83 7.

ii) SN 430-5 1 8 .

Cnwc ab Edward brm'k:lpa

1 89 1 .

-(SN 422-577)[cnwc + sn. ab Edward] ; E.

& H.

[knuk�'bedward

E. Davies,

knukab'edward,

now

Thomas]

Cnwck ap Edward 1 837TMS, Cnwc ab Edward 1 875 D . J.Davies p. 3 7 Cf tn

Cnwc-bach

Rhyd Ab Sion (Ystradfellte, Glams.) [1 963 M. Richards: 23 1 ] .

-(SN 450-596)[cnwc + bach];

Cnwc-bach O S 1 89 1

Cnwc-y-fedwen - ( S N 45 1 -5 84)[cnwc + y + bedwen] ; Cnwck y Fedwen 1 725 Lucas MSS, Cnwcyfedwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 834, Cnwch y Fedwen, Cnwck y Fedwen 1 83 7TMS, Cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 891

Cnwc-y-mryson

-(SN 46 1 -5 8 8) [cnwc + yr + ymryson] ;

[okf:lrd 'ro:d E .

Davies]

Oakford Road Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc-y-myrson 'old name', Oakford Road 1 924-26 CSRLS 52

of Cwmsaeson (22-a) or to the fact that tj)-unnos [ 1 924-26 C SRLS 52] - I believe the second explanation to be likelier. The tn. Galford is an English alias of DdeFWengam (22-a). Cnwcronnen -(SN 437-56 1 )[ cnwc + yr + onnen]; [knok'r:lnen E. Davies] The term ymryson was said to allude to a struggle with the English it was originally a 'one-night house'

Cnwc-yr-onen O S 1 891

Cnwc-y-pwrpas -(SN 405-546) [cnwc + y + pwrpas] ; [knuk�'purpas E . & H.

Thomas]

Cnwc-y-pwrpas 1 97 1 M.E. James p. 74, Sgubor Cnwcypwrpas 1 983 Gambo n. 9, Cnwc y Pwrpas 1 987 W.J. Lewis p . 5 0 The older house was on the opp. side o f the road [inf century, closed 1 876

E. & H. Thomas] ;

school here in the nineteenth

[ I 987 W. J. Lewis: so] .

Cnwcruchedydd - (SN 4 1 2-555)[cnwc + yr + ehedydd] ; [cnwc rychedidd, lark's hil/

1 948 GMG p. l 1 9]

Larkshill 1 794 in 1 93 0 D . J. Davies p. 25, Lark Hill 1 803map J. S inger, Cnwcyrychedydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Larkhill 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 3 34, Cnwc yr Ychedydd 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Cnwc Ychedydd 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Cnwc y Crychedydd OS 1 834, Lark's Hill 1 83 7TMS , Cnwcfrechydydd 1 875sur. landowners p.9, Cnwc-y-crychydd OS 1 89 1

Cnwc-y-frechedydd knuk�,vrez'edi(') [inf E. & H. Thomas] . This name uchedydd the usual south-western Welsh form of ehedydd, e. g. ychedydd (Newcastle Emlyn) [c. l 900 NLW MS 2473-C: 3 1 ] . The form uchedydd illustrates a mixed etymology of the original form ehedydd with the root uch- 'high', which suited the lark's reputation for being a high flyer, cf Caeruchedydd g a·r'zedi (Llanwinio, Carms.) [inf SWDP, Blaenwann] . Other names in southern Cardiganshire that seem to contain the My informant's grandmother wrote it contains

more literary form are recent names dating from the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. One name

Bronhedydd (18-a) which is attested as far back as 1 694 may have another derivation Cnwcynteilwr -(SN 430-5 66)[cnycyn + y + teiliwr] ; [knukm'tejlor E. Davies] in£

Colej

-(SN 436-525)[E. college] ;

[k:lled3 Ll.

Jones]

College Cottage OS 1 89 1 , College mawr + bach 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 In

Corbwt

ruins

[ O S 1 904] .

-(SN 429- 5 1 1 ) [ ? ];

[corbwt

1 948 GMG p. 1 1 9]

362

(22) CAERWEDROS Gormond 1 78 1rent {v. l. GMG} , Gorinond 1 78 1rent, Tyr Gormend 1 785 Hav.WW 24001 (GMG), Yscir Gorbud, Esgr Gorbul 1 837TMS, Cornbwt 1 856 R Evans MSS, Cornrnount Farm OS 1 89 1 , Cormwt 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 I cannot decide on the meaning of this name, the -mond forms of the eighteenth century suggested the late nineteenth century anglicisation to Cornmount. The realisation is reminiscent of Cornbwt (1 5-a) which may mean 'stumpy horn', however it appears that the original name was prefixed by esgair 'ridge'. The instability of the fmal cluster [-nt] can explain the variation between -bwt, -bwd and -mond, (cf Trewimwnt (5-a), Llwynwermwnt, 19-a), though in this case it is not easy to ascertain which is the original form. Crachfryn -(SN 452-534) [crach + bryn] ; [krazvrm E. Davies] Tir Craghvryn 1 6 1 8 NA MSS, Grach:fryn 1 788 NLW Deeds MS 1 ,263, Crachfryn 1 799 BRA (MSS) p.72, Cefn Cenarth Cottages 1 83 7TMS, Crachfryn 1 92 1 M.Eist., Crach:fryn inf. E. Davies Three houses [ 1 92 1 M.Eist.] ; cf Troedrhiw(i) (22-a). Cringoed -(SN 456-575)[crin + coed]; [krDJg�d E. Davies] Llayn y Cringoed 1 732/33 GTM MSS p.41 , Cringoed 1 740/4 1 GTM MSS p. 42, Crungoed, Cringoed 1 760CF, Cryngoed 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Cryncoed 1 786PR Llannarth, Cryngoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cringoed OS 1 834, Crincoed 1 837TMS, Cringoed OS 1 89 1 , Cringod 1 926 RE.Bevan p. 62 Croesagod-isa -(SN 45 1 -560)[cors + rhagod (+ isaf)] ; [kr�sag�d'iJa E. Davies] Croes Agod issa 1 83 7TMS, Croes-Argoed OS1 891 , Croes-Argoed OS 1 904, Croesargoed isaf 0S l 982, Crosagod isa inf E. Davies Croesagod-ucha -(SN 449-558)[cors + rhagod (+ uchaf)]; [kr�sag�d ·�za E. Davies] Tithen Blaen Kors Ragod 1 587rent, Croesragod 1 78 1rent {v.l. GMG}, Croesagod 1 78 l rent, Corsragod 1 785 Hav.WW MS 24001 (GMG), Crossargoed 008 1 81 1 , Crossagoed OOS 1 81 1 {v.l. GMG} , Corsagod 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Gors Hagot 1 828PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Croes Agoed ucha 1 837TMS, Croes-argoed-fawr OS 1 891, Crosagod ucha inf E. Davies Cf Cwrt-y-rhagod (unloc., Llanfihangel Abergwesyn, Brees.), the name of an inn [p.c. 0. Lake] ; rhagod, rhacod 'stopping, preventing' (Brynaman & Gwynfe dialects, Carms.) [ 1 992 R Bromwich & D. S. Evans: xviii-xixL o rachot ynn luhyn hac dieithyr luhyn 'of waylaying within and without a forest' (in a listing of offences) [c. l 140 Braint Teilo in LL: 1 20] ; cf Ratal-bychan (32-a), Ratal-mawr (55-a). Crosgwyn -(SN 457-509)[cros + gwyn] ; [kr�s'gwm E. Davies, E. Evans] Croes-gwyn OS 1 834, Croes Gwynne 1 83 7TMS, Croes-gwinau OS 1 89 1 , Croes-gwyn OS 1 904, a Chraesgwyn 1 984 Clone n. 23 "Newly erected cottage and a garden and parcel of land . . . belonging formerly [to Meini-gt11ynion-mawr] . . . now separated. " [1 836 BRA (1955) MSS: 90] . From the written forms one is perplexed as to why gl'ly1l is unlenited or not in its feminine form gwen. G. M Griffiths [ 1 948] believed Gwyn here was a personal­ name, it being well-known that personal-names often do not lenite. However, the pronunciation and the site, at the meeting of four roads, makes it clear that we have here eros 'crossroads', cf. Cros-lan (13-a). Crosshands -(SN 446-557)[cross + hands]; [kr�s'handz, now bardzi'viW E. Davies] Crose Gwenllyan 1 760map E.Bowen, Croes Gwen Lluan Public House 1 83 7TMS, Cross Hands (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Crosshands 1 926 R.E.Bevan p.63 Three houses once [ 1 92 1 M.Eist.] ; cf Croesgwenlhan (1 5-a). Crosswinter -(SN 448-5 57)[tn. Crosswinter (47-a)]; [kr�s'wmter E. Davies, eros winten 1 948 GMG p. 1 20] Croes Wintern, Croes Wintern 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Croes Winter 1 8 1 8PR Llannarth, Croes Winter 1 837TMS, Cross-winter OS 1 891 This place may have been named after Crosswinter (47-a). Crugcou -(SN 41 1 -524)[crug + cau] ; [kri:g 'k�j Ll. Jones] Crug Coy 1 78 1 rent, Cryg Coy 1 785 Hav.WW MS 24001 (GMG), Crugcoy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crug-coe' OS 1 834, Crygcays, Crygeoy 1 83 7TMS, Crug Cau 1 875 D.J. Davies p. 1 3, Crug-coy OS 1 89 1 , Crugcoy 1 90 1 Gw.E.Evans p. l l , Crug-cou OS 1 904 Cf. Crugcou (22-b). Crugmoei-(SN 462-520)[crug + moel]; Crugmoel OS1 834, Crugrnoel OS 1 89 1 , Cruglas ? 1 92 1 MEist. , Crugmoel 1 984 Clone n.23 Cwarre -(SN 460-572)[cwarre] ; [kware E. Davies] Quarry F.m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwarau OS 1 834, Cwarau OS 1 89 1 , Cwarre inf E. Davies 363

(22) CAERWEDROS Cwm(i) -(8N 427-565)(Llyffanog)[ cwm] ; Cwm 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm 08 1 834 Cwm(ii) - (8N 482- 5 1 7)(Penlannoeth) [cwm] ; Cwm 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm 08 1 83 4

Cwm-bach(i)

[kum'ba:x, (c) skwa:r,kum'ba:x

-(8N 48 1 -530)(Caledrydiau)[cwm + bach];

( 8N 480-530)

J.

D.

Davies] Cwm bach 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm bach 08 1 834, Cwm-bach 08 1 89 1

Cwm-bach(ii)

- (8N 43 7-5 1 8)(Rhydlydan)[cwm + bach] ;

Blaencwm bach 1 83 7TM8, Cwm-bach 08 1 89 1 , Cwm bach 1 924-26 C8RL8 48

Cwmcasteli -(8N 468-555)[cwm + y + castell] ; [kum'kastcl E .

Davies]

Cwm Castell 1 803map J. 8inger, Cwm Castell 1 803PR Llannarth, Cwm Castell 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Ccastell 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Cwm Castell 08 1 834, Cwm-castell 0 8 1 8 9 1

Castell Mebwynion o f the Welsh [1808 S. R. Meyrick: 233; 1 930 D. J. Davies: 43; 1 933 E. B. Davies: 37], I myself believe Castell Mebwynion was at Llanbedr Pontsteffan; see Castell (23-b). Cwmcoedog -(8N 457- 5 3 5) [cwm + coediog]; [kum'k:>jd:>g Ll. Jones, E. Davies] Refers to fortifications at 8N 469-5 54� the equation of this fort with the chronicles is, at best, a wild guess

Cwmcoedog 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Coydog 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Cwmcoedog 0 8 1 834, Cwmcoidog 1 837TMS, Tyr Tyddyn, Cwm Coydog 1 854 Glansevin M88, Cwm-coedog 08 1 89 1

Cwmcoedog-fach

-(8N 460-540)[cwm + coediog (+ bach)] ;

[kum,k:>jd:>g 'va:x E.

Davies]

Cwm-coediog-:fiic h 08 1 89 1 , Cwmgoedog als. Look About 1 92 1 M Eist., Lookabout 1 924-26 C8RL8 48, Cwmcoedog fach inf E. Davies

Cwm-hwnt

-(8N 440-549)[cwm (+ hwnt)] ;

[kum'hunt E.

Davies]

Cwm Hwnt ucha 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Cwm-hwnt 0 8 1 89 1

Cwm-mawr -(8N 460-577) [cwm + mawr] ; [kum'owr E .

Davies]

Cwm mawr 1 760CF, Cwmawr 1 8 1 2PR Llannarth, Cwmmawr 1 83 7TM8, Cwm-mawr 08 1 89 1

Cwm Mot-y-gido

-(8N 4 1 0-579)[cwm + tn. Mot-y-gido (22-a)] ;

Cwm Mottigido 1 8 1 3 PR Llannarth, Cwmgido

{pot

inserted afterwards}

1 83 9 NLW M8 6 1 7 -D,

Cwmpotigido 1 840 NLW M8 6 1 7-D, Cwmpotgido 1 842 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Cwm-mot-y-gido 08 1 89 1

Cwm Pant-y-coed

-(8N 436-61 0)[cwm + tn. Pant-y-coed];

Cwm-pant-y-coed 08 1 89 1

Cwm Pengraig -(SN 423-604)[cwm + tn.

Pengraig

(22-a)] ; [kum (peu'krajg) E. Davies]

Cwmpengraig 1 83 6 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Cwm-pen-graig OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Pengraig inf. E. Davies

Cwmsaeson

-(SN 455-583) [cwm + y + en. Saeson];

[kum'sejs:>n E.

Davies]

Rhyd y Seison 1 587rent, Llain Rhyd y Saeson 1 63 0 Lucas MS S, Lloyn Rhyd y Saeson als. Cwm y Saeson 1 725 Lucas MSS , Cwm Seyson 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Cwm Saisson 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-saison 0 8 1 834, Cwm-Saeson 08 1 89 1

Cwmsaeson-fach

- (SN 456- 584)[cwm + y + en. Saeson (+ bach)] ;

[kum,sejs:>n'va:x E .

Davies]

Cwm-Saeson-:fii ch 08 1 89 1 , Cwm-8aeson-:fiich (al. loc. ) 08 1 904, Cwmsaeson-fach 0 8 1 982, Llety'rgog

in£ E. Davies Cwmwennant -(8N 464-565) [cwm + y + gwen + alit]; Cwm-wenallt 08 1 89 1

Cwrt-y-broga -(8N 459- 5 5 8) [cwrt + y + broga] ; [kurt;}'broga J.Evans] Llety wr Broga ? 1 779 CD, Cwrt y Broga 1 92 1 M.Eist. , Cwrt-y-broga 1 924-26 C8RL8 4 8

Drefain (22-a) [ 1 779 CD ] . An eight acre holding a t one Cwrt y Brago, though it is likelier to be so named because its situation is " somewhat wet and marshy" [1924--26 C SRL S 48]. Cwrtrhydlyd -(8N 422-544)[ cwrt + rhydlyd] ; [kurt'hr;}dhd Ll Jones, E. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Tyr Knwck Rhydlyd 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Cwrt y Rhydlyd 1 774 Falcondale M88 (GMG), Cwrt The place named in 1 779 was part o f Ty-hen als.

time, now pt. of Ffwmeithin

(22-a),

traditionally explained as meaning

Rhudlid 1 78 1 rent, Cwrt Rhydlwyd 008 1 8 1 1 , Cwrt Rhydlyd 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Cwrt-rhydlyd 0 8 1 834, Court Rhydllydd, Court Rhydlyd 1 83 7TM8, Tyrycourt 1 877 ECE MS 8D 5 5 1 09, Cwrt-rhydlyd 08 1 89 1 This may well have originally been

cnwc,

though one hesitates somewhat, with only the authority o f only

cwrt y rhydlif [ 1924-26 CSRLS 48]. DDERWENGAM �(8N 452-580) [y + derwen + cam] ; [t5erwen'gam E. Davies] one form It was traditionally explained as

3 64

(22) CAERWEDROS yn Derwengam 1 875 R A Thomas p . 1 12, Oakford OS 1 89 1 , Derwen-gam 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 97, Dderwengam 1 95 9 B.A Jones p.25 Comprising: 1) Rhydgwlllal nnau Ddoldwt -(SN 424-570)[y + dol + twt] ; [6o:l'dut E. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Ddol-dwt OS 1 891 Ddolwen -(SN 446-503)[y + dol + gwen] ; Dolewen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ddolwen 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Dol-wen OS 1 834, Dol-wen OS 1 89 1 , Ddol-wen 0Sc. 1 95 0 Dolan -(SN 41 1 -5 8 l )[dolau]; Dolau OS1 891 Dolau-Liethi -(SN 4 18-545)[dolau + hn. Llethi]; Ty yn Yrhos ucha, Ty yn y Rhos 1 83 7TMS, Dolau-Lletty OS 1 89 1 , Dolau-Llethi OS 1 904 It was earlier known as Tynrhos-ucha; see Tynrhos (22-a). Dolcoed -(SN 4 1 1 -586)[dol + y + coed]; Dolcoed OS 1 982 Dol-fach -(SN 436-527)[dol + bach]; Dolefach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dolifor, Dolifor fach 1 921 M.Eist. Dolgoch -(SN 462-568)[dol + coch] ; [6:ll'go:x;, 6o:l 'go:x; E. Davies] Dol-goch OS 1 89 1 , Ddolgoch in£ E. Davies DOiwilym -(SN 435-53 5)[dol + pn Gwilym] ; [(')o:l'wilrm E. Davies] Dol Wilim 1 8 1 8PR L1annarth, Dol Willim 1 824PR L1annarth, Dol Wilim OS 1 834, Ddolwillim 1 837TMS, Ddol-wilym OS 1 89 1 The pn. Gwilym may here - as perhaps with adjoining Rhydwilym perhaps have been extracted from Bronwilym (22-a), a substantial farm some 2.5km N; cf Rhydwilym (22-a). Drefain -(SN 459-554)[y + tref + main]; Ty Hen in Mydroilin 1 779 CD, Ty Hen 1 78 1 rent, Ty Hen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty Hen OS 1 834, Ty-hen 1 837TMS, Drefain 1 921 M.Eist. , Drefain 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 In ruins [OS1 891] ; once included five houses, two of which were named Ty-isaf, Ysgubor Wen [ 1 921 M.Eist.] ; see Ty-hen (22-a). Dyffrynclwyd -(SN 446-576)(tn Dyffiynclwyd (Denbs.)]; [d�frm'klojd E. Davies] Dyffrynclued OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffiyn Clwyd OS 1 834 Daniel 8ilvan Evans was born here, later went to Bronwilym-ucha (22-a) [1 984 CN 1 4/09/84]. Eisingrugcocb -(SN 461 -557) [eisingrug + cochL [siQgri'ko:x; E. Davies] Singrig-Goch 1 78 1 rent, Syngrigoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Singrug Goch OS1 834, Syncraig Coch, Singug Goch 1 837TMS, Cwrt OS 1 89 1 , Cwrt OS 1 904, Cwrt 0Sc. 1 950, Singrugcoch OS1 982, Singricoch in£ E. Davies For the loss of fmal , cf Eisingrug (79-a); cf Cwrtrhydlyd (22-a). Esgairlydan-fach -(SN 460-5 l l ) [esgair + llydan (+ bach)]; Esgair-lydan-fiich OS 1 89 1 Esgairlydan-fawr -(SN 464-5 1 l ) [esgair + llydan (+ mawr)]; [csker'l�dan E. Evans] Tythyn yr Eskeir Lydan 1 587rent, Esgerlydan 1 7 8 1 rent, Esgerlydan OOS 1 81 1 , Esgair Lydan 08 1 834, Yscir Llydan, Esgr Llydian 1 837TMS, Esgair-lydan-fawr 08 1 891 Esgaironnen-fach -(SN 41 8-569)[esgair + onnen (+ bach)]; [skr:lnen'va:x;, included present buem E. & H. Thomas] Yscir Onnen fach, Esgronen fach 1 83 7TMS, Esgair-onen-fiich 08 1 89 1 , Esgaironen fach + Y-Bwthyn (SN 41 8-569) OS 1 982 Esgaironnen-fawr -(SN 4 1 7-568)[esgair + onnen (+ mawr)]; [sgronen 1 948 GMG p. 1 23] Tythen Eskair Onne 1 587rent, Eskeronen 1 764PR Llannarth, Esgeronnen 1 78 1rent, Tyr Eskeronnen 1 785 Hav.WW MS 2,399 (GMG), Escair Onnen 1 803map J. 8inger, Esgeronen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esgair-onen O S1 834, Esgronnen fawr, Yscir Onnen 1 837TMS, Esgair-onen OS 1 89 1 , a wnai Riw Esgair Onnen 1 962 D .E.Rees p. 86, (pn ) Dafi 'Sg'ronnen 1 962 D.E.Rees p.32, Esgeronen fawr O S1 982 Esgair-Ronwy-fach -(8N 432-53 7)[esgair + pn. Gronwy (+ bach)]; [esker,:lnu'va:x; E. Davies] Esgeronw fach 1 837TMS, Esgair-onw-fiich OS 1 891 , Esgair-onw-fiich OS 1 891 , Esgeronwy-fach OS1 982 -

365

(22) CAERWEDROS Esgair-Ronwy-fawr -(SN 433-535)[esgair + pn. Gronwy (+ mawr)] ; [esker.�nu'vowr E. Davies, esker'�nuj Ll. Jones, sgronw 1 948 GMG p. 1 23 ] Tyddyn Esker Rono 1 552 NA MSS , Eskair Gronow 1 587 N A MS S, Eskyr Onw 1 739/40 N A MSS, Esgyr Onw 1 743 NA MSS, Esgeronw 1 747 R J.Jones MS 9 (GMG), Esgeronw 1 78 l rent, Esgeronw O OS 1 8 1 1 , Esger Onw 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Esgair Onw' OS 1834, Yscir Onnen, Esgeronw fawr 1 837TMS, Esgair-onw-fawr OS 1 904, Esgair-onw-fawr OS 1 982 Esgairwen-fach -(SN 455-530)[esgair + gwen (+ bach)] ; [esker,wen'va:x; Ll. Jones] Tir Eskaire Wen vagh 1 6 1 8 NA MSS, Eskerwen vach 1 78 1 rent, Esgerwen fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esgerwenfach 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Esgair-wen-fiich OS 1 834, Esgrwen fach 1 837TMS, Tyreskerwenfach 1 854 Glansevin MSS, Esgair-wen-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Esgerwenfach OS 1 982 Esgairwen-fawr -(SN 452-529)[ esgair + gwen] ; [esker'wen('vawr), the -fawr is not used E. Davies] Tir Eskeir Wenn vawr 1 61hcent. NA MSS, Tir Eskaire Wenn voya 1 6 1 8 NA MSS, Tir Eskair Wen vawr 1 680 NA MSS, Tir yr Eskair Wenn vawr 1 690 NA MSS, Esgyrwen fawr 1 743 NA MSS, Eskirwen 1 760CF, Esgerwen vawr 1 78 l rent, Esger Wen 1 8 1 0PR Llannarth, Esgerwen fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esger Wen fawr 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Esgair-wen OS 1 834, Esgrwen fawr 1 83 7TMS, Esgair-wen-fawr OS 1 891 Felin-fach -(SN 445-5 85) [y + melin + bach] ; [vehn'va:x; E. Davies] Tythin y Velin newyth 1 587rent, Y Velin newydd als. Y Velyn vach 1 630 Lucas MSS, Y Velin newydd als. Y Velin vach ar Nant y Gollen 1 725 Lucas MSS, Velinvach 1 78 1 rent, Felin fach 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Felin fach O S 1 834, Felin-fiic h (Com) OS 1 89 1 Ffald -(SN 473-5 1 6) (ffald]; Ffald OS 1 89 1 , Burial Ground OS 1 982 This may be the same as some ruins on Penlannoeth land (22-a): "ac yn 61 yr hanes adfeilion addoldy yw" [ 1 9 2 1 M.Eist. ] . Ffatri -(SN 458-554)[ffatri] ; [pn. d3akfatri J.Evans] Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Ffactri 1 92 1 M.Eist. , Ffatri 1 934 TS 30/03/34, Sewage Works OS1 982, Mydroilyn 1 984 J.G. Jenkins p. l 3 8 Closed 1 925 [ 1 984 J . G . Jenkins: 1 3 8] . Ffmnant -(SN 403-552)[ffin + nantt [finant E . & H. Thomas] Ffynnant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynant 1 837TMS This may well be the o lder alias of the river Beillen which some 400m downstream from this place forms the boundary between Llannarth and Llanllwchaeam parishes. Ffoscafn -(SN 403-542)[ffos + y + cafu] ; Ffos-cafu OS 1 89 1 , Ffos-cafu OS 1 904, Bryn-y-wawr OS 1 982, Ffoscafan 1 983 Gambo n. 8 Ffosddu -(SN 438-546)[ffos + du]; [fo:s·m:, blak'k�k (prox.) E. Davies] (c) Bange Ffoes Dhu (prox.) c. 1 600 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 43, Ffoesddu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos Ddu 1 8 1 8PR Llannarth, Ffos-ddu OS 1 834, Ffoesdu, Black Cock als. Ffoes Du 1 837TMS, Ffoes-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Black Cock (prox. ), Blaen Cock (prox. , al. loc.) 1 92 1 M.Eist. , Ffos Ddu + Black Cock 1 924--26 CSRLS 48, Ffosddu + Black Cock in£ E. Davies Blackcock was an inn [ 1 92 1 M.Eist. ] , cf Gwarallt (42-a). Ffos-y-giach -(SN 437-5 1 7)[ffos + y + giach]; [fo:s�'gijax; Ll. Jones] Ffos-y-gi"ach OS 1 89 1 , Ffosygiach 1 984 Gambo n. 1 8 Ffoshelyg-ganoi -(SN 404-529)[ffos + helyg (+ canol)] ; [fo:s'ehg Ll. Jones] Ffoeshelig 1 78 1 rent, Ffoeshelig OOS 1 81 1 , Ffoselig 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Ffos Helig 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Fill s Helyg OS 1 834, Ffoshelyg-ganol 0S l 89 1 Ffoshelyg-isa -(SN 402-53 1 )[ffos + helyg ( + isaf)] ; Foeshelig issa 1 837TMS, Ffos-helyg-isaf OS1891 Ffoshelyg-ucha -(SN 406-527)[ffos + helyg (+ uchaf)]; Foeshelig ucha 1 837TMS, Ffos-helyg-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Ffosiwan -(SN 449-559) [ffos + pn. Iwan] ; [fo:s'IWan, fo:f'IWan E . Davies] Fosiwan 1 803map J. Singer, Ffos Ieuan OS 1 834, Ffoes Ewan 1837TMS, Ffos-Iwan OS 1 89 1 Ffosteilau -(SN 438-526)[ffos + y + *teiliau]; [fo:s'dejle Ll. Jones, .ffos deile 1 948 GMG p. 1 26] Ffos Daule 1 8 1 9PR Llannarth, Ffoestaule 1 824PR L1annarth, Ffos-dau-le OS 1 834, Ffos-dau-le OS 1 89 1 , Ffos-deile O S 1 904

366

(22) CAERWEDROS The pronunciation militates against the meaning dau le, which would be expected in this area to be realised *d:>jle, and whilst almost all the forms prefer initial , I prefer the attested * teiliau (see Glasteilau, 54-a) to the unattested *deiliau. The initial is easily explained as anomalous lenition following the feminine nounffos. Ffowndri -(SN 4 1 4-53 3)[E. foundry] ; [brm'sdj:> Ll. Jones] Mount Cottages (incl. Llwyncn11n, 22-a) 1 837TMS, Foundry Cottage OS 1 891 , Brynsilio 1 9 1 7PR Capelcynon, a'r Foundry 1 93 3 WGaz. 1 6/02/33, Brynsilio OS 1 982 Inexistent [os 1 904] . This seems an unlikely site for a foundry, see Llwyncn11n (22-a). Ffwmeithin -(SN 462-560)[ffwrn + eithin]; [forn'ejem E. Davies, ffWrn eithin 1 948 GMG p. 1 28] Ffwrn Eithin 1 760CF, Femithin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffwin Eithin 1 83 7TMS, Fwreithin 1 840 Bronwydd MSS, Ffwrn-eithin OS 1 89 1 , Ffwrneithin OS 1 982 Cf Mynydd-bach als. Ffwrneithin ( 1 1 -a). Ffyllon -(SN 450-597)[ffyllon]; [fjj;llon 1 948 GMG p. 1 26] Tir Ffyllon 1 675 NA MSS, Fyllon 1 690 NA MSS, Ffyllon 1 78 1 rent, Ffyllon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Castell-hywel 1 837PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Castell Rowel� Y Ffilton, Yffilton 1 837TMS, Ffyllon OS 1 891 The element jfyllon (MW. fellaun) is found in toponyms well into the medieval period: Nantffyllon �nant'f�:m (SJ 1 3-19, Llanfthangel-yng-Ngwynfa, Monts.), Nanifellaun 1 3 1 0 [ 1935 D. M. Ellis: 381 ], Nann Ffyllon [c.l 560--1600 RepWMSS: 1 .2.802] , Blaenau Cwmffyllon [ 1 986 G. G. Evans: 59] . The earlier forms of the Glamorganshire Nant-y-ffyllon (SS 85-92, Llangynwyd) are given by Gw. 0. Pierce ( 1 984: 457-58] as Nant Ffirlloige 1 58 8, Nant Fjj;rllinge 1 630, (Blaen) Fjj;rlling 1 633, Nant Ffirlling, Nant Fjj;rlling 1 6951 709, Nant Fyrling 1 736, Nant Furling 1 740, Tyr Nant Firlling 1 787 - ffyrllin(g) being the southern form of W. ffyrlin, borrowed from E. 'farthing', probably, as Gw. 0. Pierce warns us, not in its literal sense, but in an "applied sense derived from its figurative use for 'a small sum, value etc. ' namely 'small, insignificant"' . However, despite the predominance of .ffyrllin(g) forms for this place-name in the early Modern era, it is feasible that.ffyrllin(g) was a popular reanalysis of an original.ffyllon, which could easily have developed to have given *.ffyrllon ( cf gellyg gerllyg; arllwys allwys, see sub Llanfair Orllwyn, 1 2-a) One reason for suspecting a development of .ffyllon � JJYrllin(g) is the incongruence of a development in the opposite direction - viz. ffyrllin(g) � .ffyllon for popular reanalysis usually works in the direction: obscure term � recognised term. Slight support may also be present in the of the 1 588 form, though this particular form as it stands seem to be somewhat garbled. Whatever the origin of the Glamorganshire Nant-y-.ffyllon, it is hardly likely that the Cardiganshire Fjj;llon is derived from .ffyrllin(g), and it is out of the question in the case of the the Montgomeryshire Nantffyllon. According to GPC the adjective.ffyl/ was a dictionary word, first attested in E. Lhuyd (1707 AB: 217]. E. Lhuyd - who noted its provenance from a MS dictionary of H. Salesbury - givesjj;lh the meaning 'rustic', which is not clearly related to a later meanings given to .ffyll by W. Owen-Pughe in 1 795 : 'that shades or covers over, overgrown, gloomy'; and the suffixed .ffylliog 'overgrown, gloomy' and verbal derivative .ffyllio 'overshade' (both noted as obsolescent) given by Bodvan [1916 s.v. ffyll, ffy1lio] . W. Owen-Pughe also connected a plural .ffyllon with Nanifjj;llon (Monts.) giving it the meaning 'gloomy recesses, brakes' [GPC s.v. ffyll]. G. G. Evans notes [ 1 986: 59] thatffyl/ in dictionaries "appeared much later" thanffyllon in place­ names, though this on its own provides no conclusive proof against it. It may be that the 'dictionary' adjective ffyll may be the same as the noun noted ffu!P, jjill (given as meaning 'budding, springing (of grass)' by GPC [s.v. ffull2]), which was attested earliest in the late eighteenth century as a south-eastern Welsh noun under the form .Ifill, sg. ffillyn, and attested in Glamorganshire dialect this century as ffillon [ 1 955 c. H. Thomas: 98] (note Iolo Morganwg's statement that the adjective.ffyll was characteristic of south­ eastern Welsh [GPC s.v. ffyll]) . I do not claim the equation of the adjective.ffyll and the nounffull ffill is proven, though the concept of 'overgrown, wild' and 'budding' are not on the opposite side of the semantic spectrum. On the phonetic side a form such asfJYll (sg . .ffyllyn, pl ffyllon) could encompass the graphic (and therefore phonetic) variation of these words in the texts and place-names (though distinction or confusion of the realisations of as opposed to in late eighteenth-century Glamorganshire is a debatable point). Possibly these words are related to a series of Breton place-names, the most prominent one being Ar Folgoad (F. Le Folgoet, Finistere), Folgoat 1 420, which is traditionally supposed to have been named after a fourteenth century heretic Salaun who lived in the woods, (here B. foil, W. ffoll, from L. follis 'mad, crazy' is invoked), but since similar names are also found in Lanvellec (Cotes-d'Armor), (c) Park-ar-folgoad (Bolazec, Finistere), (c) Prad-ar-folgoad (Vieux-Marche, Cotes-d'Armor), B. Tanguy [ 1 990: 71 ] �

�

.

-

�

.

367

(22) CAERWEDROS believes the legend cannot account for the place-name. "Le mot fol atteste isolement par Le Fo� ecart de Pluherlin (Morb.), pourrait representer en fait un bas-latin *folum, variante de folium 'feuillage', hypothese qui suggere la variante *acrijolum de acrifolium 'houx'. Le toponyme Folgoat designerait done un bois de feuillus. " [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 71 ]. B. Tanguy's hypothesis that there was a vL. *folum or even better *folium (to suit the phonetics of the Breton word) seems vindicated by B. follenn 'leaf (of a book), which cannot come from any known French form, as F. feuille comes through vL. folia, class.L. folium [DHLF s.v. feuille] . Thus we have a hypothetical Breton *foil 'leaves', and a hypothetical W. *ffyll 'buds; wild, overgrown', which may all derive from a vulgar Latin form offolium 'leaf'. It should be pointed out that the large majority of Welsh, Cornish and Breton words beginning with are of foreign origin - Latin, French or English - as the original Brittonic did not have this sound. Also, W. *ffyll could correspond to B. foil (and for that matter to a vL. *folium), in the same way as cyll (sg. collen), and ynn (coil onn, sg. onnen) correspond to B. koll and onn; one would however expect �ffollon - with *ffollen as the singular - in Welsh, though analogical remodelling could account for ffyllon. If the above argument has any force, we are left with a vague explanation offfyllon as 'leafy; overgrown'. There is also a termffoll 'bag, purse', also borrowed from L. follis [I. Williams in 1 922 BBCS: 1 .226] ; cf. FJYllon-fach (22-a), F.fyllon-fawr (46-a),

F.fyllon-ganol (46-a), Ffyllon-isa (46-a), Ffyllon-ucha (46-a). Ffyllon-fach -(SN 445-597) [ffyllon (+ bach)]; [f�;m'va:z E. Davies] Ffyllon fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffyllon-fach OS 1 83 4, Ffyllon-fiich OS1 89 1

Ffynnonbedr -(SN 439-562)[ffynnon + pn. Pedr]; [f�n;,n'beder E . Davies] Ffynnon-bedr OS 1 89 1 , Ffynon Bedr 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Ffynnon Beder inf. E. Davies

Ffynnonfredudd -(SN 457- 563)(ffynnon + pn. Maredudd] ; [f�n;,n'vredd5, f�n;,n,v�'redd5 E. Davies] Tyr Ffynnon Vredyth 1 728/29 GTM MSS p.40, Ffunnon Meredith als. Tyr Ffynnon Vredith 1 73 2/33 GTM MSS p.4 1 , Ffynnon Meredith 1 760CF, Ffynon Meredith 1 78 1 rent, Ffynnon Fredydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fynnon Mredydd 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Ffynon Meredith 1 81 9PR Llannarth, Ffynnon Meredydd OS 1 834, Fynon Meredith 1 83 7TMS, Ffynnon-meredydd OS 1 891 Cf. Fjjmnon Fredyth (Cilfargen, Carms.) [ 1 636 Nouadd MSS] . Ffynnongloch -(SN 42 1 -577)[ffynnon + y + cloch]; [f�n;,n'glo:z Gr. Davies, f�n;,g'glo:z E. & H. Thomas] Tythyn Ffynon y Gloch 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Tyr Ffynnon y Gloch 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.M. Jones MSS vol 4 p. 766, Ffynnon y Gloch 1 8 1 0PR Llannarth, Ffynon y Gloch 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Ffynnon Gloc, Ffynon Gloch 1 83 7TMS, Ffynnon-gloch OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon Gloch c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 1 1 3 This farm between the ancient pinfold and the church [c. 1 902 E. R Horsfall-Tumer: 1 1 3], the well being at the bottom of the farmyard [ 1 985 Llais Aeron: 79) . E. B. Davies [1 933 : 37] relates the local legend that the Devil had stolen a bell, now at Llanbadarn-fawr church, " . . . rested here on his way, and a curse of silence remains on the spot ever since. " ; however, I believe the explanation given that this was so named because it is "o fewn SWn ei chlychau hi" is more likely to be correct [ 1 985 Llais Aeron: 79] ; cf. Maenclochog (Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs : 101-02]; Clochfaen (SN 90-78, Llangurig, Monts.). G. G. Evans ( 1 985: 90] interprets Clochnant (SJ 04-22, Monts. ) thus: "The name denotes a stream with a tinkling, bell-like sound. " Ffynnoniwan -(SN 449-560)[ffynnon + pn. Iwan] ; [f�n:m'IWan E. Davies] Ffynnon-iwan OS 1 89 1 This may have been named after nearby Ffosiwan (22-a), rather than being an independent occurrence of

!wan. Ffynnonlas -(SN 427-532)[ffynnon + glas] ; [f�n:.n'la:s Ll. Jones] Ffynonlas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynnonlas 1 825PR Llannarth, Ffynnonlas, Ffynon Las 1 837TMS, Ffynnon-las OS 1 89 1 Ffynnonrhys -(SN 467- 5 1 6)[ffynnon + pn. Rhys] ; [f�n;,n'ri:s E . Evans] Ffynnon Rees 1 78 1 rent, Ffynnonrees OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynon Rees 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Ffynnon Rhys OS 1 834, Ffynon Rees 1 83 7TMS, Ffynnon-rhys OS 1 891 Ficrej(i) -(SN 420-577)(Llannarth) [E. vicarage] ; [ VIkre ... vi'kerdi E. & H. Thomas] Vicarage OS 1 891 , Vic. 0Sc. 1 950 This site was built to replace the old one at Lon (22-a) after about 1 850 [inf. E. & H. Thomas]. Ficrej(ii) -(SN 458-5 53)(Mydroulun) [E. vicarage] ; [vi'kerdi E. Davies] Y Ficerdy inf. E. Davies Fron -(SN 426-539)[y + bron] ; [vr;,n E. & H. Thomas, E. Davies] Fron newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , 'Fron OS 1 834, Fron 1 83 7TMS, Fron O S 1 8 9 1 , Y Fron 1 953 BC p. 543 368

(22) CAERWEDROS Fronfelen

- (SN 464-5 82)[y + bron + melen] ;

Bronvelen 1 7 8 1 rent, Fron Felin O OS 1 8 1 1 , Fron Felen OS 1 834, Fron Felin 1 83 7TMS, Fron-felen OS 1 89 1

Fronwen

[vr:mwen'ifa + 'iza E . Davies] Y Vron Wen 1 63 0 Lucas MS S , Vronwen

-(SN 428-572)[y + bron + gwen] ;

Tythen y Vron Wenn 1 587rent,

1 760CF {v.l. GMG} , Fronwen

1 760CF, Vronwenn 1 765PR Llannarth, Bronwen 1 766PR Llannarth, Fronwen 1 778PR Llannarth, Fronwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fron Wen House, Fron Wen 1 83 7TMS,

Y

Fronwen 1 875 D . J. Davies p. 2 1 , Fron­

wen O S 1 89 1

Gafriw-fach

-(SN 470-5 5 l ) [gafr + rhiw (+ bach)] ;

Gafriw fach 1 78 l rent, Cefyngafriw fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gafriew tach, Gafriw fach 1 83 7TMS, Gafryw fach 1 92 1 M.Eist.

Gafriw-fawr -(SN 474-543) [garw + rhiw] ; [gavnw E.

Davies]

Keven y Garfy 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.M. Jones MSS vo1. 4 p. 764, Tythyn als. Tir Scybor Garfriw 1 720 Mynachdy MSS, Ceven Gafriw 1 747PR Llannarth, Keven Gaveriw 1 760CF, Gavriw 1 768PR Llannarth, Cefn Gafriw 1 78 1rent, Cefyngafriw fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn-gafriw-fach OS 1 834, Gafriew fawr 1 83 7TMS , Cefen Gaffrhiw 1 840 Bronwydd MSS , Cefn-gafriw-tach O S 1 89 1 , Gafriw 08 1 904 Between 1 89 1 - 1 904 the farm buildings were substantially augumented

(OS189 1 ; OS1904).

If we take the

1 7 1 8/1 9 form to be garbled, and the 1 720 spelling as the earliest dependable form, we probably have a name composed of garw +

rhiw.

The original [w] of garw would have been labialised to [v] to ease the

enunciation of an unusual consonant cluster, whilst the two [r] indicated by the 1 720 form would

gavnw. The lack of affection of [a] to [e] is paralleled by Gamn·w gamriW (Brees.) [inf] , though cf Cwmcemriw (Glasbwll, Monts.). A similar name may be Cefo Gafros (SO 1 0-41 , Llandyfallai, Brees.), which I take to be composed of garw + rhos, to which B . tns. Garroz (Carantec, Saint Goazee, Finistere) and C.tn. Garras [ 1 988 o. J. Padel: 85] can be compared. It is possible that both Gafriw and Cefo Gajros are composed with gajr 'goat', cf B. tn. Gavrinis (Morbihan); Gargoed (58-a). Gafriw-ucha -(SN 476-534)[gafr + rhiw (+ uchaf)] ; naturally dissimilate to give the present form

the mountain-name

Tyr Gafriw ycha, Tyr Cafriw ycha 1 78 5 Hav.WW MS 240 0 1 (GMG), Cefyngafriw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gafriw uchaf OS 1 982

Garthiwan

-(SN 448-559)[garth + tn. [Ffos] iwan

(22-a)] ; [gartl'IWan E .

Davies]

Garthiwan O S 1 982

Gelli -(SN 459- 5 7 1 )(Jinefa)[y + celli] ; [gdi E.

Davies]

Gelli OS 1 89 1

Gelli-fach -(SN 406-548)[y + celli (+ bach)] ; [gdi'va:z E . & H . Thomas] Y Gelly vach 1 63 0 Lucas MSS, Gelly vach 1 703 Coleman MS

1 3 4, Gelly vach 1 78 1 rent, Gellyfach

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gelli-fach 08 1 834, Gelly fach 1 837TMS, Gelli-tach O S 1 89 1 , (pn.) Twm Gelli fach 1 962 D.E.Rees p.47

Gelli-isa -(SN 407- 5 5 9)(Celli-Genlas)[y + celli (+ isaf)] ; (gdi'ifa E. & H.

Thomas]

A[ ]aldama 1 837TMS, Gelli-isaf O S 1 89 1

Gelli-newydd

-(SN 43 8-505 ) [y + celli ( + newydd)] ;

Gelly newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gelly newydd 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Gelli-newydd O S 1 834, Gelly newydd 1 837TMS, Gelli-newydd 08 1 89 1

Gilfach Cottage -(SN 436-6 1 1 ) [tn.

Gilfach (22-a) + E. cottage] ;

Gilfach-yr-halen O S 1 89 1 , Gilfach Cottage O S 1 904

Gilfach-isa -(SN 455-554) [y + cilfach (+ isaf) ] ; [g:dvax'Wihm, gdvaz'k:>ted3ez (prox.) E .

Davies]

Gilfach Wilim 1 78 1 rent, Gilfach Willim, Gilvach Willim 1 837TMS, Gilfach-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Gilfach 0Sc. 1 95 0

Gilfach-ucha -(SN 455-555)[y + cilfach (+ uchaf)]; [g:dvax'•za

E. Davies]

Gilfach-uchaf OS 1 89 1

Glanrafon (i)

-(SN 425-5 1 3)(Talgarreg)[glan + yr + afon] ;

Glanyrafon 1 85 6 R Evans MSS, Glan-yr-afon House O S 1 89 1 , Glanyrafon House 1 9 1 3 John Francis MS S vol 2 p. 60, Stabal y Plas (prox.) 1 925 in >1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 8 1 , Plas OS 1 982, Glanyrafon House, Plas Talgarreg 1 983 Gambo n. 6

Glanrafon( ii)

-(SN 449-587)(Nantgwynfynydd) [glan + yr + afon];

369

[glan'rav:>n

E. Davies]

Y

Plas als.

(22) CAERWEDROS Glanyrafon 1 83 7TMS, Glan-yr-afon OS1 891

Glandwr -(SN 441 -595)[glan + y + dWt-] ; Glandwr 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 7, Glan-dWt- OS 1 89 1 , Glandwar OS 1 982

Glannant(i) -(SN 470- 5 1 3)(Mouddin)[glan + y + nant] ; [glan'nant E. Evans] Glan-nant OS 1 89 1 , Glannant 1 9 84 Clone n. 23

Glannant(ii) -(SN 448-594)(Llwyncelyn)[glan + y + nant] ; [glan'nant E. Davies] Blaennant 1 837TMS, Glan-nant OS 1 89 1 , Glan-nant OS 1 904 The element blaen suits the location better than glan. Glanrhyd(i) -(SN 43 5-526)(Rhydlydan)[glan + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d, old name red'lej:m Ll. Jones] Glan-y-rhyd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glan-rhyd OS 1 834, Red Lion Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Red Lion Cottage OS 1 904, Lanrhyd 1 92 1 M.Eist. Glanrhyd(ii) -(SN 452-594)(Nantgwynfynydd)[glan + rhyd] � Glan-rhyd O S 1 8 9 1 Glasbant -(SN 442-593)[glas + pant] ; Glasbant OS 1 982 Goetre -(SN 4 1 2-567)[y + coed + tref] ; [g;)jtre Ll Jones, E. & H. Thomas] Tythyn y Goytree 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Goytre 1 78 1 rent, Goytrefawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Goytre fach 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Goytre fawr OS 1 834, Goitre 1 837TMS, Goetre OS 1 891 Gofynach-fach -(SN 4 1 9-553)[ ? (+ bach)]; [go,v�nax'va:x Gr. Davies, Ll. Jones, E. & H. Thomas] Tythyn y Govynach 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Tyr Govynach fach 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Gofynach fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Govynach fach 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Gofynach fach OS1 834, Gofynnach 0Sc. 1 950, Gofynach-filch OS 1 89 1 Gofynach-fawr -(SN 42 1 -556)[ ? (+ mawr)] ; [go,v�nax'vowr Ll. Jones, gojjmnach 1 948 GMG p. l 3 1 ] Tythin y Govynach 1 587rent, Y Gosynach yssa 1 63 0 Lucas MSS, Tythyn y Govynach yssa 1 63 5 Larkshill M S 8 , Tir Gofynach 1 7 1 3 F. Green MSS vol. 25 pp. 1 07-08, Tyr Gofynach fawr 1 740 M Richardson MSS 2722, Gofmach 1 760CF {v. L GMG}, Govynach 1 78 1 rent, Gofynach fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gofynach fawr, Gofunach 1 8 14PR Llannarth, Gofynach fawr 1 837TMS, Gofynach-fawr OS 1 89 1 This name has exact parallels i n the Breton parish-names: Goenac'h (F. Gouesnach, Finistere), Guouenech c. l 330, Goumenech 1 3 68, Gouvenech 1426 [1 990 B. Tanguy: 73-74]; Goanac'h (F. Gommenec'h, Cotes-d'Annor), Gomenech c. 1 3 3 0 [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 7 1 ] ; and in some ordinary toponyms: Gouesnac'h (3x) [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 74] , Houesnac'h, noted Gomenech 1 5thcent. [ 1 9 92 B. Tanguy: 7 1 ] ; B. Tanguy [1 990: 74] interprets the meaning thus, "Le toponyme, qui remonte a 1a periode bretonne ancienne, se designe comme un compose forme du preflxe gou (en vieux-breton gu) et du breton menec'h, pluriel de manac'h 'moine'. Il s'agirait done originellement d'une terre sous dependance monastique. " In these place-names go may have its literal meaning, but it is rather more figurative if we want a meaning 'under monk' to mean 'under (the power of the) monk(s)' (cf mynechdid, mynechi 'monkship' used in toponymy), and though these Breton examples are not known to have been church lands - as GoJYnach is not known to have belonged to any monastic institution - this would not be too surprising, as such a construction go + mynach, lit. 'under monk', would have to be a very old one in Welsh, taking us well into the early Dark Ages, whose surviving documentation is sparse. The go is cognate with OI. fa 'under', Mni. fa-, j(wi, and is present in the tautological o dan 'below' [1 995 P. Schrijver: 1 16]. Its use is exceedingly rare in Brittonic toponymy, clear examples, however, being Gogwmwd (Ei:fionydd, Canns. ), presumably land directly under the rule of commote (W. cwmwd) officials; the B.tns. Gougastell (Briec, Finistere) and Gogastell (Plonevez-du-Faou, Finistere), neither of which lie near obvious fortifications, though the former is near Mogerig, which may refer to Roman ruins; in Cornwall there is a tn. Goodern in Kea parish (which 0. J. Padel [1 985: 105, 266] has as containing go-) and which might feasibly be composed with * tiern 'king', the whole meaning 'under (the power of the) king'; cf Glennydd (62-a). If this name has nothing to do with mynach 'monk', then we may compare it to the vn. go.fYnu 'to strike, cut down, hew' (cognate terms are: gomynu, cymynu, difjm, edfyn, .MB. benaff 'cutting' [GPC s.v. gofynaf] ) , the name being composed of go.fYn + -ach, and the whole meaning something like 'portion'; cf Fynach (76-b). Golygfryn -(SN 3 99-55 l )[golwg + bryn] ; Golygfryn OS1 982 Gosen -(SN 438-564)[Bibl.tn. Goshen] ; [gosen E. Davies, Gr. Davies] 370

(22) CAERWEDROS Gosen OS 1 89 1 Graig-isa -(SN 421 -51 6)[y + craig (+ isaf)]; Yscir Graig, Esgr Graig 1 837TMS, Graig-issa 1 856 REvans MSS, Graig OS1 89 1 , Graig OS 1 904, (c) Alit y Graig (prox.) 1 91 8 Geninen vol.36 p. 77, (c) dros Riw'r Graig 1 936 LlCCLl p. 1 4, Graig 0Sc. 1 950 Graig-ucha -(SN 422-5 1 6) [y + craig (+ uchaf)]; Graig 1 837TMS, Graig-ucha 1 856 REvans MSS Graig Villa -(SN 405-546)[y + graig + E. villa]; [grajg 'vrla E. & H. Thomas] Graig Villa 1 962 D.E.Rees p.63 Green Park -(SN 400-540)[E. green + park] ; Green Park OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS1904). Greion -(SN (ii)421 -574)[E. greyhound] ; [grej:m, nowt-an,ina ho'tel E. Davies] Greyhound 1 837TMS, Llanina Arms 1 866 D. Thomas p.48, Llanina Arms (P. H.) OS 1 891 , Y Greion (Greyhound) 'as it was once called, but now' Llanina Arms 1 936 LlCCLl p. 1 2, Y 'Greion', Greyhound 'as one inn was called' 1 95 8 H.G.Davies p. 22, i'r Greion, Llanina Arms 'now' 1 966 D.I.Jones p. 1 0 i) S N 42 1 -574. E of Cei-newydd road entrance; stood o n site of Brynheulog, Brynhyfryd and Renfrew, in 1 800% was destroyed and moved to present site [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 51 ]. ii) SN 421 -574. w of Cei-newydd road entrance. There was an inn called Greyhound in Myddfai (Carms.) [1991 D. B. James: 1 80]. Gwarcwm-bach -(SN 428-557)[gwar + y + cwm (+ bach)]; [gwarkum'ba:z Ll. Jones, E. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Gwar Cwm bach 1 81 4PR Llannarth, Gwarcwmbach 1 837TMS, Gwar-cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 Gwarffynnon -(SN 428-563)[gwar + y + ff)rnno n]; [gwar'f�n=>n Ll. Jones, E. Davies, E. & H . Thomas] Gwarfynon, Gwarff)rnon 1 83 7TMS, Gwar-ff)rnno n OS 1 89 1 Gwarllyn -(SN 426-569)[gwar + y + llyn]; [gwar'hn Ll. Jones, E. & H . Thomas, als. evel,t-�'fan=>g E . Davies] Gwar Llyn 1 829PR L1annarth, Gwar-llyn-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-llyn OS 1 982 The llyn referred to the mill pond of Lly.ffanog (22-a). Gwd-leion -(SN 428-58 1 ) [E. golden + lion] ; [gud'lej=>n, now t-i:s'mejhg E. Davies] Golden Lion 1 866 D. Thomas p. 50, Golden Lion Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Llys Meilig, Good Lion Cottage, Erw Lon in£ E. Davies Gwynfryn -(SN 425-573) [gwyn + bryn] ; [gwmvrm E. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Gwynfryn OS 1 89 1 , Y Gwynfryn 1 953 BC p. 544 Built by Daniel Lewis Lloyd ( 1 843-99), bishop of Bangor [inf; E. & H. Thomas; 1953 BC: 544]. Hebron -(SN 457- 568)[Bibl.tn. Hebron] ; [hebr=>n E. Davies, Ll. Jones] Hebron 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Hebron 1 820PR Llanwenog, Hebron O S 1 89 1 Holy Trinity -(SN 457-552) [E. holy + trinity] ; [eglus E. Davies] Holy Trinity Church OS 1 904, Eglwys in£ E. Davies b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1891; OS1 904). Isfryn -(SN 398-552)[is + bryn]; Isfryn OS 1 982 Jinefa -(SN 458-570)[E.tn. Geneva] ; [d3m'1va Ll. Jones, d3m'eva E. Davies] Geneva 1 768PR Llannarth, Genefa 1 803map J. Singer, Gynefa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Sinefa 08 1 834, Sinefa OS 1 89 1 , Geneva OS 1 904, Efail Geneva (prox.) 1 92 1 MEist. Llain(i) -(SN 463-579)(Penroerfa)[llain] ; Llain OS 1 89 1 Llain(ii) -(SN 427-575)(Llannarth) [llain] ; Llain 1 837TMS, Llain OS 1 891 Llainddu -(SN 442-539)[llain + du]; [t-ajn'm: E. Davies] Llainddu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain Du, Llain Dii 1 83 7TMS, Llain-ddu OS 1 891 Llaindytfryn -(SN 461 -558)[1lain + y + dyffryn]; Llainydyffryn, Llaenydyffryn 1 83 7TMS The name may have survived as Glandy.ffryn [1921 MEist. ] , g lan 'd�frm in nearby Mydroulun village [inf. E. Davies; J. Evans] , unless this is for BlaendyjJryn(i) (22-a). Llain-fach -(SN 441 -593)[llain + bach]; 371

(22) CAERWEDROS Llainfach 1 889 John Francis MS S vol.2 p . 1 7, Llain-:ffich OS 1 891 , Llain-fiich 0Sc. 1 950, Rhoslan OS 1 982

LLANNARTH -(SN 422-577)[llan + garth] ; [lanar9 E.

Davies]

Llann Arth fl. l l 70(c. 1 400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg. p. 200, Llannarth fl. 1 220-70(c. 1 400) Y Prydydd Bychan in Hendreg. p . 246, Lanarth 1 284 CalChartR p . 27 5 , Llannarch 1 290 in 1 863 AC p . 264, Lannarth 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Lannorth 1 3 3 9 in 1 889 S . W.Williams p. 88, Llanarth 1 53 5

VE

lii, Llannarth 1 3 98 ERSt-David

p . 3 94, Llanarthe 1 547 NA MS S, Llan Arth c. 1 566 EPC, Llannarth 1 576 Nouadd

MS S, Llanarche 1 5 78map C. S axton, o Lanarth c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 6, Lhann Arth c. 1 600 S .D . Rhys p. 1 32, Llann'th 1 622 NA MSS , Llannarth 1 696 in >1761 E.Yardley p . 3 57, Kanarth 1 704 Mynachdy MS S , Llanarth 1 803map J. S inger, Llanarth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llanarth Village 1 83 7TMS, Lanarth 1 846 NLW misc. MSS vol. 5 p. 1 2, Llanfylltyg 1 868 J.Davies p. l l , Llanarth, St. Vylltyg's Church (Vic.) 08 1 89 1 , Llannarth 1 90 1 J.Rhys p. 245, Llannarth 1 975 R Phillips p. 72

Llannarth means 'llan of the garth' (or even possibly 'the garth of the llan' if it is an inverse construction), garth being the high ground jutting up above the streams Llethi and Iwffratus. D. J. Davies [ 1 875 : 2 ]

the

explained the name right whilst getting the element wrong: " Yn briodol ddylasai enw presennol y lie fod yn Llanerth ac nid Llanarth, hynny yw Llan Certh. Er mwyn rhyddsain atelir y C, ac felly Llanerth ydyw y gwir enw. Certh yn ol Dr. Pughe, ydyw dibyn serth a dwfu, yr hyn a

fu achos iddi gael ei galw Llancerth [ 1 872: 2] noted

(Llanerth) ond yn awr Llanarth, sef Llan-y-Dibyn neu Llan-uwch-y-Dibyn. " D . J. Davies

sceptically an old local tradition - reported by the late Revd. D. Milton Davies, minister of Pencae (22-a) ­

arth) which had troubled the inhabitants before Llan yr Arth; cf Llannerchgoch (40-a). D. J. Davies [ 1 875:

that there was a bear (W.

recorded history, thus given

Llannarth,

2] also noted: "Enw priodol

i. e.

eglwys Llanarth yw Llanfylltyg. I Bylltyg y cysegrwyd hi; ond nid yw yr enw hwn byth ami . . . Y mae enw Bylltyg ar y rhiw a ddaw i lawr o'r llan i'r afon a'r bont, ond yn llygredig: gelwir hi Rhiw Feily yn lle Rhiw

Vylltyg is first found in 1 742 [ 1 742 B . Willis: 194; 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 2 33 ] ; ded. Bylltyg [ 1 868 J. Davies: 1 1 ] ; Bylltygs feast-day on the twelfth of November [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 2; 1 9 1 1 LBS: 3.405] . "In the past it was always known as St. Vylltig's Church but there never was a cult of Vylltig and Fylltyg . " . The dedication to

scholars believe that the edifice was dedicated to St. Meilig. He was the son of Caw ab Geraint ab Erbyn

[ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 42 ] . The forms Mylltig � Bylltig (present in the recent name grajg 'v�ibg (L1annarth) E. Davies] ) are garbled forms of Meilig, see sub Rhiwfeilig (22-b), he being referred to in G[wyl] Feilig on the twelfth of November [ 1 500:Yz Dem.Calend.] . At present the church is dedicated to David [ 1 987 w. J. Lewis: 42] . The age of the church is confirmed by an inscription dated ninth-tenth centuries, with the pn. Gurhirt (MnW. Gwrydr) [1 994 W. Gw. Thomas: 4 1 7] . Cf Tir Porth y Vynwent [1 697/98 D. T. M. Jones MSS: 4. 762] , (c) Llain Porth y Vynwent [ 1 7 1 8/1 9 D . T. M. Jones MSS: 4.766]. The church was restored in 1 870 and 1 984 [ 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 44]. The nickname of inhabitants was gwartheg Llanarth [ 1 9 1 1 J. c. Davies: 330]; gwar9eg 'ianar9 [inf E. Davies] . Lle-tai -(SN 41 0-545) [ lle + yr + tai] ; [ie'taj E. & H. Thomas, lletai 1 948 GMG p. 1 3 2] ..."

[inf.

Tythin Ller Tai 1 5 87rent, Tyr Lie yr Hen Day 1 63 0 Lucas MS S, Llettai 1 823PR Llannarth, Llettai 1 828PR Llannarth, Llettiau 0 8 1 834, Llartay, Lie Taw 1 837TMS, Llettyau O S 1 89 1 , Llettyau O S 1 904

G.

M. Griffiths

[ 1 948: 32]

thought this name was was a plural of llety (cf nW.

beudy pl. beudai) however boudyau;

the earliest forms infirm this supposition, as does the Cardiganshire Welsh plural of boudy, viz cf Lle'rtai (Llangadfan, Monts.).

Llety-Cymro

-(SN 445-591 )[11ety + yr + en. Cymro];

[ieti'k�mr:l E.

Davies]

Lletty Cymro 1 83 7TMS, Lletty'r-Cymro O S 1 89 1

Llety-wennol -(SN 43 1 - 577) [llety + yr + gwennol]; [ieti'wen:ll E .

Davies]

Llettywenol, Letty Wenol 1 83 7TMS, Lletty'r-wennol OS 1 891

Llwynbedw -(SN 432- 588)[llwyn + bedw] ; Llwyn Bedw 1 83 7TMS, Llwyn-bedw OS 1 89 1 This name may have been suggested by the nearby Blaenbedw (2 1 -a), 500m away.

Llwyncelyn(i) -(SN 440-593 ) [llwyn + celyn] ; Llwyn-celyn (sic loc.) O S 1 834, Argoed, Argoed als. Llwyncelyn 1 83 7TMS, Llwyncelyn 1 846 NLW MS 6 1 7-D The site's existence is shown on OOS 1 8 1 1 and O S 1 834, but on the latter map the name was misplaced on the site Pentre-Siams (22-a), cf

Bargod (22-a). Inexistent [OS 1 89 1 ; OS1 904; OS1 982] ; Rhosgoch-isa had taken name Llwyncelyn by 1 89 1 , see sub Rhosgoch-isa (22-a). LLWYNCELYN(ii) -(SN 441 - 594)[tn. Llwyncelyn(i) (22-a)]; [iojn'kelm E. Davies] on the

3 72

(22) CAERWEDROS Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1 , i'r Llwyn Celyn 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 1 39, Llwyncelyn OS 1 982 The original Llwyncelyn(i) was some 200m sw. Comprising: 1 ) Capel Llwyncelyn, 2) Celyn Villa, 3) Coopers Arms (46-a), 4) Gland"Wr, 5) Glasbant, 6) Llain-fach, 7) Pen-y­ bont(ii), 8) Penlon(i), 9) Rhos Mount, 10) Rhyd-fach(ii), 1 1) Smiths Cottage, 1 2) Smiths Shop, 1 3) Troedrhiwdrych (46-a), 14) Ysgol Fenlon. Llwyncrwn -(SN 414-533)[llwyn + crwn]; [mg'krun E. & H. Thomas] Mount Cottages 1 837TMS, Llwyn-crwn OS1 891 The 1 837 name includes Llwyncrwn and Ffowndri (22-a). The upper house called Llwyncrwn-ucha [inf.]. Llwyncyrff -(SN 432-574)[1lwyn + y + cyrff]; [Cc) bank,iujn'lurf E. Davies] Tir Llwyn y Crwth ? 1 689 GTM MSS p.37, Llain Llwyn y Crwyth ? 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Llwynycyrph OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn-y-cyrph OS1 834, 'llwyn o ddrain a elwir' Llwyn Cyrph 1 868 J.Davies p. 1 5, (c) Banc Llwyn Corff 1 958 H.G.Davies p.27 The earlier name appears to contain crwth 'violin' but may well represent another site. Funerals on their way to Llannarth church would stop here to rest, and would continue to sing till they reached the church gate, 11arferiad pabyddiaeth" [1 868 J. Davies: 15]. There was a ladi wen here [inf. E. Davies]. Particular funeral routes were common in south-western Wales. E. Scourfield [ 1 964 p.8] notes the following particulars for the Trelech area (Carrns .): "ffordd angla. S. church road; literally funeral roads (sic). Weithiau rhaid oedd dilyn y ffordd drwy gaeau yd yn hytrach na ffordd arall y gellid ei defuyddio. Cedwid at y lythyren yn dyn a rhaid oedd symud pob anhawster o'r ffordd." H. J. Vincent [ 1 864: 305] reports of an unlocated place called Croes Bigog (80-unloc.) . . . where funerals coming from that part of the parish used formerly to stop, because according to tradition, there the abbey cross frrst came to view (?) - a more probable reason for the custom, is, that it was once the site of a way-side cross" ; cf. Rhiwamwisg (18-b). Llwynderw-fach -(SN 432-580)[llwyn + derw (+ bach)] ; [iujn,deru'ba:z E. Davies] Llwynderw fach, Llwynderrw fach 1 837TMS, Llwyn-derw-filch OS 1 891 Llwynderw-fawr -(SN 43 5-584)[llwyn + derw (+ mawr)]; [lujn'deru E. Davies] Llwynderw 1781 rent, Llwynderw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwynderw fawr 1 837TMS, Llwyn-derw-fawr OS 1 891 Llwynfedw -(SN 473-528)[llwyn + y + bedwt [lujn'vedu E. Davies] Llwynfedwen 1 781 rent, New Blaenllanarth OOS 1 81 1 , Blaen-Llanarth-newydd OS1 834, Llwyn Fedw 1 837TMS, Llwyn-y-fedw OS 1 891 The majority of tree-names following llwyn do not lenite, thus we would usually expect Llwynbedw. But if there was already a place named Fedw in the area, then it would naturally become a specifier to llwyn as Llwyn Fedw. The form of 1 78 1 suggests that Llwynfedw may originally have been Llwynfedwen (cf. Glanfedw (61-a), originally Glanfedwen), however, we must again emphasise that a singular form of a tree-name is not usual following llwyn. The fact that this place was known for a time in the early nineteenth century as Blaenllannarth-neHydd may have some bearing on the present form of the name; cf. Blaenllannarth (22-a). Llwynrheol-fach -(SN 447-573)[llwyn + yr + heol (+ bach)] ; [iujn,hre·;,l'va:z E. Davies] Llwyn Rheol fach OOS 1 81 1 , Llwyn yr Heol fach 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Llwynrheolfach 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Llwyn-'r Heol fach OS1 834, Llwynyrheol fach, Llwyn Reol fach 1 83 7TMS, Llwyn-yr-heol-fiich OS 1 891 Llwynrheol-fawr -(SN 448-567)[llwyn + yr + heol (+ mawr)]; [iujn'hre;,l, iujn,hre·;,l'vowr E. Davies] Llwyn yr Heol 1 760CF, Llwynrheol 1 763PR Llannarth, Llwynrheol 1 7 8 1rent, Llwyn Rheol fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn-'r Heol fawr OS1 834, Llwynrhuol 1 83 6PR Llanwnnen, Llwynyrheol Farm, Llwynreol fawr 1 83 7TMS, Llwynyrhyol 1 83 8PR L1anwnnen, Llwyn-yr-heol-fawr OS1 891 Llwynwemen -(SN 41 3-556)[1lwyn + y + gwernen] ; [iujn'wernen E. & H. Thomas] Llwyn-wernau OS 1 891 This name has the appearance of a new coining as the derivative singular does not usually follow llwyn, i. e. we should expect *Llwyngwern in a traditional name, cf. sub Llwyncnou (31 -a), Tafamsgawen (22-a). The place was built when the land of Cnwcruchedydd (22-a) was split [inf. E. & H. Thomas] . Llyffannog -(SN 426-570)[11yffant + -og]; [i�'fan;,g Ll. Jones, E. Davies, llyff 'annog 1 948 GMG p. 1 33 ] Tythen y Llyffannog 1 587rent, Llyfannog Mill 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Lluffannog 1781 rent {v.l. GMG} , Llyffanog 1 78 1 rent, Felin Lliffanog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llyffanog Mill 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Felin-Lliffanog OS1 83 4, Fronwen Mill 1 837TMS, Llyffanog, Corn Mill OS1 891 , Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Efail a Melin Llyffannog 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 83 As with the tn. Dolffannog (Tal-y-llyn, Mers.) ( 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 1 52], this name probably refers to a place abounding in toads (or frogs). The word l!Y.ffannog is, however, also the Welsh name of the saxifrage (L. "

373

(22) CAERWEDROS Saxifraga), which grows on rocky or stony ground; GPC [s.v. llyffannog] queries whether this is based on llyffant, comparing the Latin name for a genus of flowers, ranunculus, whose etymology is from a diminutive of L. rana 'frog'. Another word, llY.fanog is invoked by R J. Thomas [ 1938: 83] to explain the unlocated hydronyrn Pull Lifan, Aber Pull Lyfann (Llanvetherine, Mons.) [c.l l40 LL: 229], it is the Welsh name of the 'stone-liverwort', a lichen, and of the 'hairweed', commonly found in wells, pools, and streams (cognate with llafan 'laver (edible seaweed, esp. Porphyra umbilicalis)'; cyflafan 'duckweed, hairweed', and thought to thought to be cognate with cynllyfan 'leash'). But Pull Lifan, Aber Pull Lyfann may also be a reference to llyffan( t) 'toad' (the loss of final being evidenced in the texts as early as the thirteenth century [GPC s.v. llyffant]); cf C.tn. Polyphant 'toad's pool' [1 988 o. J. Padel: 141 ] . But the derivatives of *llyfan/llafan do not seem to be present in Llyffannog, due to the [ f] ; though I am unsure whether an irregular development of [v] to [f] is possible, I know of only one example of this in Welsh, diflannu � difflannu, whose etymology is uncertain. cf Pwllfannog (Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, Angl.), may well be a derivative of llyjan, or feasibly llyffant. Llygad-y-wawr -(SN 427-587)[llygad + y + gwawr]; Llygad-y-wawr OS 1 982 Llys-y-wawr -(SN 4 1 5-568)[llys + y + gwawr] ; Llys-y-wawr OS1 982 Lon -(SN 419-571)[lon] ; [lo:n Ll. Jones, E. & H. Thomas, tegvan Ll. Jones] Lone 1 837TMS, Lon OS1 834, Lon OS 1 89 1 , Tegfan OS1 982 This was the old vicarage until c. 1 850 [inf. E. & H. Thomas] ; Tegfan, adjacent at SN 41 8-572, is the new house [inf E. Davies; inf. E. & H. Thomas] Maespwll -(SN 444-590)(maes + y + pwll]; [mas ]JWl/ 1 948 GMG p. l 33 ] Maes y Pwll OS 1 89 1 Maesteg -(SN 4 1 0-588)[maes + teg]; Maesteg 1 889 John Francis MSS vo1. 2 p. 1 7, Maes-tt!g OS1 891 Meini-gwynion-mawr -(SN 454-508)[meini + gwynion (+ mawr)]; [mejni'gwmj;,n('mawr) Ll. Jones, mejni ,gwmj;,n'mowr N. Thomas, E. Evans] Llain y Main Gwnion 1 587rent, Mayn Gwynion 1 690 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 06, Mine Gwinion 1 727 Peterwell MS 14 (GMG), Mayne Gwynion 1 736 BRA (1 955) MSS p. l l O, Mein Gwinion 1 781rent {v.l. GMG} , Meini Gwinion 1 78 lrent, Mwyn Gwinion mawr 1 785 BRA (1955) MSS p. 66, Meingwinion maur 1 799 BRA (1 955) MSS p.72, Meini Gwynion 1 803map J.Singer, Maenygwynion fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mein Gwynion 1 8 1 4PR Llannarth, Meinigwyrnion mawr 1 827 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 86, Maeni-gwynion OS1 834, Maengwynion mawr 1 83 1 BRA ( 1 955) NMSS p. 87, Mynyddgwenion, Mynyddgwinnion 1 837TMS, Meini-gwynion-mawr O S 1 89 1 , Meini Gwynion mowr (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.245 G. M. Griffiths [1 948: 1 33] notes that there formerly existed three large white stones on the spot where the three parishes of Llannarth, Llandysulio Gogo, and Llanwenog met, the stones no longer exist. We see in this name one plural of maen replacing another, archaic main replaced by the more modem meini. Melinnouadd -(SN 445-578)[melin + tn Nouadd (22-a)] ; [ferm�·neja() E. Davies] Noyadd Mill 1 837TMS, Neuadd Farm OS1 982 Melin Rhiwbren -(SN 474-576) [melin + tn. Rhiwbren (22-a)] ; [velm'riWbren E. Davies, melm'rubren, melm 'hrubren J. Pugh] Rhiwbren Mill 1 78 1 rent, Riwbren Mill 1781rent {v.L GMG} , Felin Rhiwbryn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Wybren Mill 1 81 5PR Llannarth, Rhiw Bren Mill 1 81 8PR Llannarth, Felin Rhiwbren OS1 834, Mill Yard and Leet House, Mill 1 837TMS, Felin Rhiw-bren (Com) OS 1 891 Melin Talgarreg -(SN 425-5 1 2)[melin + tn. Talgarreg (22-a)] ; Talgarreg Mill 1 781rent, Felintalgarreg OOS 1 81 1 , Felin Talygarreg 1 824PR Llangynllo, Talgarreg Mill 1 837TMS, Com Mill OS 1 891 Melin Ysguborwen -(SN 457-552)[melin + tn. Ysguborwen (22-a)]; [velm E. Davies] Melyn In Edroylin 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Mudroilin Mill 1 78 1rent {v. l. GMG} , Ysgubor Wen Mill 1 837TMS, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Felin in£ E. Davies Moelcwm-fach -(SN 466-536)[moel + y + cwrn (+ bach)]; [v;,lkum'va:x, E. Davies] Moiley Cwrnbach 1690 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 06, Moyley Cwrnbach 1 736 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l l O, Moelcwrn fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Moyley Gwin Back 1 8 1 1 BRA ( 1955) MSS p. l 29, Moel Cwm fach 1 8 1 7PR

3 74

(22) CAERWEDROS Llannarth, Foelwen-fach, Foel Cwm bach 1 83 7TMS, Moelcwm-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Ty Rachel Sane 'on farmyard' 1 92 1 MEist. , Foelcwm fach inf. E. Davies Moelcwm-fawr -(SN 464-537)[moel + y + cwm (+ mawr)] ; [v;,lkum'vowr E. Davies] Tithin Moel y Kwm, Tythen Moel y Kwmm 1 587rent, Pen Moel y Cwm 1 6 1 8 NA MSS, Tythyn Moel y Kwm 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Tyr Llain Moel y Cwm 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Moelcwm 1 769PR Llannarth, Moelcwm + Moelcwm fwya 1 78 1 rent, Moel-cwm-mawr OS 1 834, Foelwen fawr, Foelcwm mawr 1 837TMS, Llain Penmoel y Cwm 1 854 Glansevin MSS, Moel-cwm-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Moel-cwm­ fawr O S 1 904, Foelcwm fawr inf. E. Davies This name refers to the hill to the southwards, and it is more than likely that cwm refers to Cwmcoedog (22-a), a neighbouring farm. Moelifor -(SN 43 5-530) [tn. Moelifor (50-a)]; [mo:l'iv=>r Ll. Jones, m;,l'iv;,r E. Davies, mol'-ifor 1 948 GMG p. 1 3 5] Dol Ivor 1 689 GTM MSS p.37, Dolefor fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Moelivor 1 81 4PR Llannarth, Moelifor 1 8 1 7PR Llannarth, Moel Ifor OS 1 834, Molive 1 837TMS, Moel-ifor OS 1 89 1 , Moelifor-fach (prox. ) 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Molifor inf. E. Davies Originally Dolifor but probably was reanalysed under the influence of the onetime mansion of Moelifor (50-a). Morfa -(SN 458-596)[morfa]; Morfa 1 837TMS, Morfa OS1 891 Mot-y-gido -(SN 408-572)[mot + y + *gido]; [m;,ta'gido Ll. Jones, m;,ti'g ido Gr. Davies, E. & H. Thomas, botigido 1 948 GMG p. 135] Tythin Motgido 1 587rent, Potigido 1 760CF, Mot y Gyddo, Moat Giddo 1 78 1 rent {v.l. GMG} , Moatigiddo 1 78 1rent, Porthygiddo 1 81 1 E.Richard p . 8, Motygido OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mottigido 1 81 4PR Llannarth, Bot-y-gido OS 1 834, Pontygiddo, Bontygiddo 1 837TMS, Pont y Gido 1 869 B. Williams p. 1 95, Mot-y-gido OS 1 89 1 , Pont-y-gido c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 32, (pn.) Dai Montygido 1 991 Gambo n. 82 It is traditionally held that this place is named after the two rivers Mot and Gido, which encircle the farm [inf], though these river-names are but backformations from Mot-y-gido. This name has been supposed by some to contain bod 'dwelling' [ 1 878 B. Williams], but the forms assembled above show that the original element was mot, which means 'motte, moat', cf. Mot (E. New Moat, Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs: 429], Bodfagedd (77-a). B. Williams [1 878] quoted a sixteenth-century line: ar myllt y gyrchais yr mod 'and the wethers I drove to the enclosure' [GPC s.v. mod], and he further noted that a term gid (pl. gidau) 'goat', which he noted "is not far from gido", going on to explain Mot-y-gido as 'the goat's fold'. I do not know of any other authority that gives gid 'goat' in Welsh, though giten 'a young she-goat', derived from ME . geet 'goat' certainly exists [GPC s.v. giten] . I am inclined to believe *gido was a familiar word for 'goat', or perhaps even 'kid' and that Mot-y-gido and Castellgeifr (22-a), just over 2km to the NE, were names that echoed one another. The term gido is certainly found in Cwmgido (20-a), and may possibly be contained as a nasalised variant *gindo in Castell (Llanddewi Velfrey), whose earliest forms are: Castellgindow 1 576-77, Castell Gindo 1 586/87, Castell Gwndo 1 686, Castell Cundo 1 688, Castellgwindo 1 827 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 5 1 3-14] . Mouddin-fach -(SN 472-5 1 4)[mau + din (+ bach)] ; Moythin vach 1 722 Peterwell (I) MS 1 1 , Moythin vach 1 772 Castlehill M8S , Moythin vach 1 78 1 rent, Moythyn fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Moethyn-ucha 08 1 834, Moyddyn ucha 1 837TM8, Moyddyn-fach 08c. 1 950, Moeddyn-fiich 08 1 891 Mouddin-fawr -(SN 487-520)[mau + din (+ mawr)] ; [m;,j�m Ll Jones, m;,j�m'vowr E. Evans, moiddin 1 948 GMG p. 1 34] Meudyn >1246(1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur, Meudyn > 1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tythin Moythen voya 1 587rent, Castell Moything 1 592 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 22, Castle Moithen 1 592 in 1913 L.E.Ll.Theakston & J.Davies p. 1 8, Tythen Moythen 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Moythin als. Castle Moythin 1 7 1 8 Peterwell M8 9 (GMG), Castell Moythin als. Moythin vawr 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 (GMG), Castell Moythyn 1 747 Peterwell MS 26/27 (GMG), Moythin 1 760CF, Moythin vawr 1 772 Castlehill M88, Tyr Moythyn ucha 1 794 MRichardson MS8 p. 472, Moythyn fawr 008 1 8 1 1 , Moethyn­ mawr 081 834, Moyddyn fawr, Moyddun, Moyddin fawr 1 837TMS, Moeddyn-fawr 08 1 89 1 , Moeddyn­ fawr OS 1 904, Meiddin 1 935 D.M.Ellis p. 205, Moeddin-fawr 0Sc. 1 950, Moyddin fawr 081 982

375

(22) CAERWEDROS There are large fortifications adjacent to Mouddin (see sub connect them to the meaning of the place-name.

It

Castell Mouddin, 22-b), and one is tempted to

was reputed to be a place where fairies gathered to

dance

[ 1 901 J. Rhys: 245] .

*dyn,

the evidence, they would presumably both refer to the fortifications. G. M. Griffiths

din or [1 948: 1 34]

Whilst there seems no way of discerning whether the second element is

*mei(dd)- + din as 'middle castle', however, both Meudyn , the medieval form of the name, as well m�j�m the present pronunciation lead us to reject *mei(dd)- 'middle' as the ftrst component. It would appear to be the archaic word *mau as in meudwy 'hermit' (lit. 'God's slave/servant') [1 888 J. Rhys: 23]. J. Rhys [ 1 901 : 245] wrote: " According to old Welsh orthography this would be written Moudin, and in the book Welsh of the present day it would have become Meuoin. Restored, however, to the level of Gallo­ Roman names, it would be Mogodunum or Magodunum. " The name does seem to have cognates in the ancient forms of Mehun-sur-Yevre (Cher), and Meung-sur-Loire (Loiret), which were Magdunum, cf. the ancient Celtic divine name Magusanus [DENLF: 445; 1 979 PNRB: 405] . J. Loth [1 927 RC: 44.222-23] interpreted the Gaulish tn. Magidunum as meaning 'fortresse de la plaine', and DENLF interprets the same element magos as meaning 'market'. The development of both *Mugudunum and *Magudunum -+ W. Meuddin would be wholly regular, cf. , iau +- L. iugum; mau � CC. *mug-; llau � CC. lug-; and pau � L. pagus, however, cf. pn. Maeog, sub Brynmaeog (3 1 -a). There is a similar looking toponym in Pembrokeshire, namely Penmeiddyn (SM 92-35, Manornowen), pen'mej�m [inf.], " . . . seems to be made up from pen 'top, end' + meiddyn (i. e. mei + *dyn [cf. Creuddyn, Corddyn, Tyddyn] or -din). For the site see RCAMW vii 209. " [ 1 972a M. Richards: 400]. Unfortunately B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 267-68) has no forms older than the sixteenth century, e.g. Penmeythyn 1 5 58, Penmeithen 1 6 1 7, Pen Meythin 1 660, where, contrary to the Cardiganshire place-name there is no hint of an pronunciation. B. G. Charles believes Penmeiddyn offers

as

to refer to the adjacent hill that dominates the Manornowen area, which might have borne fortifications at one time, for which he adduces as evidence of Twmp as the name of the hill, and the nearby fteld Pare y Domyn in the tithe map. He believes (1 992 PN Pembs: 268) the name may be composed of *mei- 'middle' and *dyn 'hill high ground, fortification', though din 'fort' cannot be ruled out. If we are to persist in seeing Penmeiddyn and Mouddyn as of the same origin we need to explain the differing pronunciations, pen'mej�m and m�j�m (vouched for by the documentary forms as far back as the sixteenth century), it is most probable that Penmeiddyn was in an area where did not develop to in the penultimate syllable, for which there is evidence for the Pebidiog area, e.g. nej;l� [inf. SWDP] for neuadd. The term meiddyn glossed as mynydd by Gwilym Tew [c. l 460 RepWMSS : 1 .2.400] is, as I. Williams [ 1 922 BBCS : 1 .216, 224] has shown a false interpretation of meitin 'morning' [c.l 250 Baneirin: 35] , MnW. meityn (cf. 1 924 BBCS vol.2 p.230); see 1 868 B.Williams p. 270.

Mownt

-(SN 4 1 2-535)[E. mount] ;

[mownt LL

Jones,

(c) kr�jsf�r'mownt E. & H. Thomas]

Pen y Mynydd 1 803map J. Singer, Mount OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mount 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Mount OS 1 834, Mount Farm OS 1 89 1 ,

(c) i Groesffordd y Mount 1 91 8 Geninen vol. 3 6 p.75, (c) Croesffordd Mount Bank Shon (c) Groesffordd Mownt (prox. ) > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p . 9, (c) i Groesffordd

Cwilt 1 924-26 CSRLS 48,

Mownt 1 962 D .E .Rees p.73, (pn. ) Bensha Mownt 1 962 D.E.Rees p. l l

mount replaced an original name with W. mynydd. [mowntan, mownten E . Davies]

The 1 803 form is interesting, in suggesting that E.

Mowntan -(SN 460- 541 )[E.

mountain] ;

Mountain Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Mountain Cottage OS 1 904, Castle Green 1 92 1 M.Eist., Mountan 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Castle Green OS 1 982, Mownten

inf. E .

Davies

MYDROULUN -(SN 458-5 52)[hn. Mydr + ? ] ; [ m�r·�jlm E. Davies, mydr'oilin 1 948 GMG p. 1 3 6] Mydreilin yn Llanarth 1 565 W. Cynwal p . 1 24, Mydur Oilin 1 760map E.Bowen, Meydroylin 1 764-65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Mydroilin 1 779 CD, Mydroylyn 1 803map J. S inger, Mydroilin 0081 8 1 1 , Fydyroilin 1 824 D .Davies p . 60, Mydyroilin 1 824 D .Davies p. 1 83 , Madroylin 1 825PR Llanwnnen, Mydreilin OS 1 834, Mydroylan 1 83 7TMS, Madrollin 1 840 Bronwydd MSS , Mydyreilin als. Mydreilin, Mydroilyn 'gan y werin' 1 864 B.Williams p.4, Mydyreilin 1 868 B .Williams p. 209, Mydroilyn (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.247, Mydroilyn 0 Sc. 1 9 50 From the confluence of two rivers Mydr and

Oulun [1 93 1 D. o. Jenkins: 51],

whilst Mydr is a bona-ftde name

for that river,

Oulun

y-gido (22-a).

The meaning of oulun is a mystery (no such word is known, and its identification with

is not so well-attested, and may be a secondary formation,

'elbow' by B. Williams

[1 864: 4]

is incorrect), the earliest form of Mydroulun gives

cf.

[s.v. eilin] as eil(i)on 'deer, stag(s), etc. ', and which seems to be found in Nantireilin (prox. Capelisac, Carms.) [c.l l40 LL: 78] ; Foss Kiluach Yrelyn,

is tentatively interpreted by GPC a number of toponyms: hn.

Mot­ elin eilin, which term eilin

fromMydroulun,

376

(22) CAERWEDROS Fosskilnath Yreilyn (Nantcaredig, Canns .) [>1 271(1 332) cart Tal-llychau (b): 1 63]� Luch ir Eilin (prox. St Maughan, Mons.) [c. 1 140 LL: 173] may be related to deinde in longitudine eilin [c. 1 140 LL: 1 72] which is deinde in longitudine uallis eclin [ c. l 1 40 LL: 74]). Both Nant-Heilyn (SN 64-71 , Aber, Caerns.), Nant Eulyn [OS1834] � and Ynyseilun (SM 70-21 , St Davids) , [ 1992 PN Pembs: 320], Ims'ejlm [inf. D. Rowlands], may well contain the same element, as may Moeleilin quoted by E. Phillimore [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.4 1 8] , which however, appears as Moe/ Heulen on OS maps (SH 77-08, Corris, Monts.) [OS1 900 (2nd edn)] . To get a pronunciation oulun, we must suppose that an original eilin was confused at one stage with eilun. Whilst the sense of eilun 'image, likeness' for a river-name is open to question, it has a vowel harmonised variant eulun which would regularly give oulun in Cardiganshire Welsh. To resume, the hydronym Oulun might originally have represented an obscure word *eilin which was reanalysed at some time as eilun 'image, likeness'. The south-western word oulun :ljlm is employed in the phrases: oilin fach 'pretty well' (Pembs.) [ c. 1900 NLW MS 2475-A] � oilyn 'purion', Ma i'n ddwarnod oilyn bach (Felin-fach) [ 1 929 W. B. Davies: 300] ; majn :lJlm ba·z 'he's so-and-so', S: ges:lx_ i bri:s da: R: o, :ljlm ba·x. ! S: 'You got a good price.' R: 'o, so-and-so ! ' (Aberteifi. area) (p.c. c. Jones] ; noilin 'middling', S : Shwd ma'r hen wr bore 'ma? R: 0 noilin bach yw e heddi 'to. (frelech) [ 1 964 E.Scourfi.eld p.348] . It is translated as 'middling' by GPC [ s.v. eilun] and the following exemplary phrases are given Rwy'n oilin o iach and Mi lwyddodd yn oilin mewn busnes. It is obviously the same word as Dafydd ab Gwilym's eilun (Iddo 'dd addefais, od gwn I Mai eilun prydydd oeddwn 'I confessed to him., I know I That I was a sham poet' fl. 1 365), and in the phrase Gwae'r eulun bugail yn gadel y praidd 'Woe to the sham shepherd abandoning the flock' 1 588 (GPC s.v. eilun], and is clearly derived from eilun in the sense of '(a) copy', itself composed of ail + 1/un, which etymology was known = ail i lun" (Capel Seion) [ 1 935 D. J. Evans: 1 29] . The only attestation of the use of eilun (as opposed to oulun) which I know of in Cardiganshire dialect is the " oilun neu eilun" (Capel Seion) given by D. J. Evans [1 935: 1 29}, in a list of dialect words that is lacking in explanation or context, and as a result may represent a guess­ etymology. The word elin 'angle' as has been argued ('it stands on an angle of the river Mydr [ 1 864 B. Williams] ) cannot account for the name by any phonetic means� see Melin Ysgubonven (22-a). Nantrefail-fach -(SN 450-577)[nant + yr + efail (+ bach)]; [nant,revel'va:x,. E. Davies] Nantyreval fach, Nantyrhefel fach, (c) Cae Nantyrafal 1 837TMS, Nant-yr-efail-iach OS 1 89 1 Nantrefail-fawr -(SN 450-572) [nant + yr + efail (+ mawr)]; [nant'revel E . Davies] Nant yr Evell 1 575 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 1 0, Tyr Nant yr Evel1 1 630 Lucas MSS , Nant yr Efell 1 703 Coleman MS 1 34, Nant R'efel 1 77 1PR Llannarth, Nantrefel 1 7 8 1rent, Nantyrefel fawr OOS 1 81 1 , Nant yr Efel 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Nant-r efail fawr OS 1 834, Nantyrhefel fawr, Nantyrheol-fawr (sic) 1 83 7TMS, Nant-yr-efail-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Nantrefel in£ E. Davies Nant-y-gollen -(SN 443-566)[nant + y + coHen] ; [nant�'g:>len E. Davies] Tir Nant y Gollen, Tythen Ffmnon y Gollen (prox.) 1 587rent, Nant y Gollen als. Kae Kerdin 1 697198 D . T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, (cF-253) cott, (cF-229) Wayn Gollon, (csF-230-31 , 233) Cae Gollon issa + canol + ucha 1 83 7TMS

Nant-y-gwrdy -(SN 441 -565)[nant + y + gweirdy] � [nant�'gurdi E. Davies] Tythen Nant y Gw[ ]irduy 1 5 87rent, Tyr Nant y Gwarrdy 1 630 Lucas MSS , Tyr Nant y Gweirdy 1 697 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Tir Nant y Gweyrduy 1 697198 D .T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tyrnant y Gwrdy, Tyrnanty Gweirdy 1 7 1 8 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Nant Gwrdy 1 78 1rent {v. l. GMG} , Nantygwrdy 1 781 rent, Nant y Gwrdy 1 794 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Nantygwrdy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantygwrdu 1 837TMS, Nant-y-dwr-du OS 1 891 , Nant-y-gwrdy O S 1 904 Whilst one could derive gwrdy from gwyryfdy 'nunnery' [ 1 868 B. Williams: 10] , it seems a rather too common element in toponymy to have this meaning, cf

Gwrdy (37-a� Llanybydder, Carms.). The spelling of

1 697 shows it to be gweirdy (cf the present Cards.W. tf;-gwair 'hay house'); for penultimate becoming , cf gweir(g)lodd --+ gwrlodd (Mons.) [GPC s.v. gweirglodd] .

Nantgwynfynydd-ganol -(SN 452-589) [nant + gwyn + mynydd (+ canol)] ; Nantgwin:fynidd ganol 1 78 1rent, Nantgwinfynydd canol 1 83 7TMS

Nantgwynfynydd

ganol

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Nantgwynfynydd

canol,

Nantgwynfynydd-isa -(SN 450-590)[nant + gwyn + mynydd (+ isaf)] ; [nantgwm,v�ni'ifa E. Davies] Nant Gwnfynydd [ ]ssa 1 587rent, Nant Gwynfynydd issa 1 760CF, Nantgwinfynidd issa 1 7 8 1 rent, Nant Gwynfynyddiss 1 782 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Nant Gwnfynyddissa 1 786 E.P.Lloyd MSS (GMG), Nantgwynfynydd issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-gwynfynydd-isaf OS 1 834, Nantgwinfynydd issa 1 83 7TMS, Nant­ gwynfynydd-isaf OS 1 89 1

3 77

(22) CAERWEDROS This appears to refer to the otherwise unnamed tributary of the river Drywi, though so does Nant-turnor (22-a). If both names indeed refer to the same stream we are forced to conclude that Nantgwyn.fYnydd was the older name and Nant-turnor was the more recent designation. The mountain referred to by the term mynydd seems to be the higher land immediately to the E, much of which was still shown as open moorland on the OOSmap of 1 8 1 1 .

Nantgwynfynydd-ucha -(SN 456-587)[nant + gwyn + mynydd (+ uchaf)]; [nantgwm·v�ni, nantgwm,v�ni'Iza E. Davies] Tithen Nant y Gwnfynydd 1 587rent, Nant y Gwyn Vynydd 1 694 Crosswood MSS , Nantygwyn Vynidd als. Creeg y Dildre 1 720 Crosswood MSS , Nant Gwynfynydd 1 760CF, Nantgwinfynidd ucha 1 78 1 rent, Nantgwynfynydd ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-gwynfynydd-uchaf OS 1 834, Tyr Nant Gwynfynidd 1 83 1 NA MS S , Nantgwinfynydd, Nantgwynfynydd ucha 1 83 7TMS, Nant-gwynfynydd-uchaf OS 1 891

Nantmeddal-fach -(SN 439-547)[nant + meddal (+ bach)] ; [nant,mer E. Davies, nantwmor 1 948 GMG p. 1 3 8] Tythin Nant y Tumor 1 5 87rent, Nantyrnor 1 78 1 rent, Nant y Tumor 1 783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Nantytwrner, Nantytumer, Nantyturnor { added later} 1 83 7TMS, Nant-tumor (sic loc.?) OS 1 89 1 , Nant-twrn-or OS 1 904, Nantwrnor OS1 982 This name is too early to have a connection with the Tumor family of Ffynnonwerfyl (17-a) who arrived in Cardiganshire from Somerset in the late eighteenth century, and while it appears to refer to the tributary of the river Drywi, so does Nantgwynfynydd (22-a), see sub Nantgwyn.fYnydd-isa (22-a).

Nouadd Llannarth -(SN 443-5 80) [neuadd + tn. Llannarth (22-a)]; [n;:,jad E . Davies, pant'�r:>d E. Davies] Tyddin Pant yr Yrod 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Pantyreryrod 1 781 rent, Pantyryrod 1786PR Llannarth, Panturyrd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant ur Ud OOS 1 8 1 1 {v.l. GMG} , Pant yr Yrod 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Panterorwydd als. Panterorwood 1 821MR Llyswen, Panterorwood 1 822MR Llyswen, Panterydod 1 83 0 NLW MS 617-D, Pant-yr-erod OS 1 834, Pantyrerod 1 837TMS, Pant-yr-eryrod OS1 89 1 , Panteryrod O S 1 904, Pantrod inf. E. Davies Pantglas-bach -(SN 446-509)[pant + glas (+ bach)] ; Pant Glas bach 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Pantglas fach 1 837TMS, Pantglas bach 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 Pantglas-mawr -(SN 446-508)[pant + glas (+ mawr)] ; [pant'gla:s Ll. Jones] Tythyn y Pant Glas 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Pantglas 1 781 rent, Tyr Pant y Glase 1 783 Hav. WW MS 23 999 (GMG), Pantglas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-glas O S 1 834, Pantglas mawr, Pantglas mawr 1 837TMS, Pant-glas OS 1 891 Pant-y-grugos -(SN 4 1 7-530)[pant + y + grugos]; [pant�'grig:>s Ll. Jones, E. Davies] Pant-y-grugos OS 1 834, Pant-y-grugos OS1 89 1 Cf Cefngntgos (22-a). Pant-y-gweddill -(SN 41 6-548)[pant + y + gweddill]; [pant�'gwd�d E. & H. Thomas] Pant y Gweddill 1 822PR Llannarth, Pant Gwathyll, Panty Gwiddyll 1 837TMS, Pant-y-gweddill OS1 89 1 , Pant-y-gweddill OS 1 904 The gweddill is explained as being the 'remnant' left after a battle in prince Einon's story [inf. E. & H. Thomas] ; see sub Rhydeinon (22-a). Pantgwyn -(SN 447-554)[pant + gwyn]; Tythyn y Pant Gwyne 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Tyr Pant Gwynne 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Pantgwin 1 78 1 rent, Pantgwyn OOS1 8 1 1 , Pant Gwyn 1 8 14PR Llannarth, Pant-gwyn OS1 834, Pantgwynne 1 837TMS, Pant-gwyn OS 1 891 Pantrhendy -(SN 43 5-561)[pant + yr + hendy]; [pan'trendi E. Davies, Ll. Jones, pant'hrendi E. Davies] Pant yr Hendy 1 760CF, Pantyrhendu 1 769 Larkshill MS 6, Pant Rhendy 1 78 1 rent {v. l. GMG} , Pantyrhendy OOS 1 81 1 , Pant-yr-hendy OS1 891 Pantisdoufan -(SN 433 -569)[pant + is + dau + maen ? ]; [pant'st:>jvan E. Davies, Ll. Jones, pantst'oifan 1 948 GMG p. 140, ar':>sva E. Davies] Pant Las Daufan 1 803map J. Singer, Pant Las Daufan 1 803map J. Singer {v. l. GMG} , Dwyffordd 1 837TMS, Pant-is-daufan OS1 89 1 , Pantisdaufan + Arhosfa (SN 433-568) OS1 982 The second element may be maen 'stone', cf Bwlchddoufaen, bolz'd:>jvan (Llanafan-fuwr, Brees.), though it may be man 'place'. A medial is or uwch is rare in toponymy, the only two examples I can recall are Mynyddislwyn (Mons.) and Llanuwchllyn (Mers.). The las of the 1 803 form - if it can be trusted - can be compared Nant-y-llas-Tegwared 'stream where Tegwared was killed' (Llanfachreth, Mers.) [ 1 963 M. Richards: 2 32 ] Arhosfa was formerly considered part of Pantisdoufan [inf E. Davies] . Pantlleinau -(SN 3 98-552)(Brynrhiwgaled)[tn. Pantlleiniau[-mawr] (22-a)]; Pantlleine OS 1982 Pantlleinau-mawr -(SN 404-555)[pant + y + lleiniau]; [.16pant'lejne 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p.3 1 2, pant'lejne E . & H. Thomas] Pantlleine 1781rent, Pant Lline 1 784PR Llanllwchaearn, Pant Lleinau 1 80 1PR Llanllwchaearn, Pantlline OOS 1 81 1 , Pant-y-llainau OS1 834, Pantllanian, Pant Llainau 1 837TMS, Panty Lleine mawr 1 846TMS Llanllwchaearn, B Iaen-lleiniau OS 1 89 1 , Pant-lleinau OS 1 904 Pantlluest -(SN 429-530)[pant + y + lluest]; [pant'iijast Ll. Jones, pant'lijast E. Davies] .

379

(22) CAERWEDROS Pant y Llyast 1 745 NA MSS, Pant Lluast 1 78 1 rent {v. l. GMG} , Pantlliast 1 78 1 rent, Pant y Llusast OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-y-lluest OS 1 834, Panllyast, Pant Lluast 1 837TMS, Pantlluast 1 846 NLW misc. MSS vo1. 5 p. 1 2, Pant-lluest O S 1 891

Pantrasol -(SN 424- 5 3 5) [pant + yr + atsofl] ; [pant'ras:ll Ll. Jones, I. A. Griffiths, E. Davies, pant rasol 1 948 GMG p. 1 40] Pant yr Assol 1 8 1 8PR Llannart� Pant-yr-asol OS 1 834, Pantrasol, Pantyrasol 1 83 7TMS, Pant-rasol OS 1 89 1 , Pant-trasol O S 1 904 The form asol is known for atsol ( 1 929 W. B. Davies: 289]; cf. Pantrasol (SN 42-26, Llanpumsaint, Carms.),

Ffostrasol (1 3-a). Pantrhedynen -(SN 445-543)[pant + y + rhedynen]; [pantred'�nen E. Davies] Panterhedin, Panty Rhedynen 1 83 7TMS, Pant-rhed-y-nen OS 1 89 1 , Pantrhedynen 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 In ruins [OS1 891 ]. J. J. Gl. Davies p . 3 1 2, pans'od 1 948 GMG p. 1 4 1 ] Pantsoed 1 760CF, Pant Isod 1 766PR Llannart� Pant Soad 1 78 1rent {v.l. GMG} , Pantzoad 1 7 8 1 rent, Pantsoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant Sod 1 8 1 8PR Llannarth, Pant-sod O S 1 834, Pantsod 1 83 7TMS, Pant-sod OS 1 8 9 1 The Sod element may be the original form o f the hydronym Soden, the addition o f -en to a hydronym is attested in the cases of Collen and Tywarchen (d).

Pantsod -(SN 407-534) [pant + hn. Sod]; [pant'so:d Ll. Jones, pan'so:d 1 93 4a

Pant-teg -(SN 4 1 6-566)[pant + teg}; [pant'e:g E. & H. Thomas] Pant-teg OS1 89 1

Pantrwyddeles - (SN 4 1 8-523)[pant + ? ] ; [pantnw'�eles Ll. Jones, pant rwyddeles 1 948 GMG p. 1 41 ] Pant y Garddiles, Pantarddiles 1 760CF, Pantywyddeles 1 78 1 rent, Pant yr Wyddales 1 78 1 rent {v. l. GMG} , Pantyrwiddelis OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant ar Ddeles 1 8 1 8PR Llannart� Panterddulas 1 825PR Llannarth, Pant-yr-wyddeles O S 1 834, Pantyrwyddeles, Pantyrwyddelas 1 83 7TMS, Pant ar Ddiles 1 850PR Capelcynon, Pantrhiwddiles 1 856 R Evans MSS , Pant-yr-wyddeles O S 1 89 1 , Pantrhiw-ddeles O S 1 904, Pantywyddeles 1 926 RE.Bevan p. 6 1 , Pantrhiwddulais OS 1 982 The original form of the name must have been something like the forms of 1 760, 1 8 1 8, 1 825, 1 850, i. e. Pantarddiles/Pantarddeles, the pronunciation must have at one stage been * pant�r·�eles which was reanalysed as containing yr Wyddeles 'the Irishwoman'. This stage seems to have been reached by 1 781 . The next stage, when the name became reanalysed as containing the word rhiw 'ascent' is seen by 1 856. The variation between [uj] and [IW] is quite often heard in Cardiganshire Welsh in the pronunciation of

rhyw 'some' as nw

-

ruj, this explains the present pronunciation as heard by me, which only demands a

change from * pantruj'()eles to panriW'�eles. The latest stage has led to the adoption by some of Dulais as the name of the stream in the valley that is tributary to the river Cletwr-fawr, joining it at Talgarreg. The other form of 1 760 Pant y Garddiles may prove to be an unmutated form of the second component. The only possible word I can think of that would fit this name is a feminine form of arddel, in the nominal sense of 'avoucher, guarantor, advocate', but a fifteenth-century derivative, retains the original fmal , i. e. arddelwon [GPC s.v. arddel 2b] , whereas in the place-name we have not *arddelwes, but *arddeles. -

-

Pare -(SN 453-578)[parc] ; [park E. Davies] Parcau OS 1 83 4, Park 1 83 7TMS, Pare OS 1 89 1

Parcau( i) -(SN 444-573)(Rhopier)[parciau] ; [parke E. Davies] Tuy Parke 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Parkau 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Parke 1 779PR Llannart� Parcy OOS 1 81 1 , Parke 1 83 7TMS, Parciau O S 1 8 9 1

Pareau ( ii) -(SN 427-554)(Nantmeddal-fach) [parciau] ; [parke E. Davies, Ll. Jones, parke'�za E. & H . Thomas] Parcau OS 1 89 1 Has become Parcau-ucha since a new house was built nearby and was called Parcau-isa parke'iJa [inf. E. & H. Thomas] .

Pare-mawr -(SN 4 1 1 -5 5 3) [parc + mawr]; [park'mowr E. & H. Thomas] Parkmawr 1 78 1 rent, Pare-mawr OS 1 89 1

Penbane -(SN 43 0-576)[pen + y + bane] ; [pen'bauk E. Davies] Pen y Bank, Penybont ? 1 837TMS,

Penbont(i) -(SN 447-544)(Rhydmaengwyn) [pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b:lnt E. Davies] 380

(22) CAERWEDROS Pen-y-bont O S 1 891 , Penbont 1 92 1 M.Eist.

Pen-y-bont(ii) -(SN 442-597)(Llwyncelyn) [pen + y + pont]; Pen-y-bont O S 1 891

Penbont(iii) -(SN 423-576)(Llannarth)[pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b;mt Gr. Davies] Tythyn Pen y Bont 1 587rent, Penybont 1 78 1 rent, Penybont 1 837TMS, Penybont 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p . 1 7, Pen-y-bont Hotel c. 1 948 (postcard), i dafam Penybont 1 95 8 H. G. Davies p. 9 Destroyed when the road was widened.

Pencae -(SN 43 1 -566)[pen + y + cae]; [peg'kae Gr. Davies, E. Davies] Capel Pen-y-cae O S 1 834, Pen-cae (Independent Chapel) OS 1 89 1 , Penycae, Llanarth c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.279 b. 1 825-27 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens . : 5 1 7; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279; 1 971 M. E. James: 1 1 ; 1 987 W. J Lewis: 48] ; b. 1 856 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 67] .

.

Penclawddffin -(SN 4 1 6-559)[pen + clawdd + y + ffin] ; [penklaw'fi:n E. & H. Thomas] Penclawddffm OOS 1 81 1 , Pen-clawdd-y-ffm OS1 834, PenclawddfYn, Penclawdd Fyn 1 837TMS, Pen­ clawdd-ffin OS 1 89 1

Pen-y-cnwc-ganol -(SN 440-5 87)(Llwyncelyn)[pen + y + cnwc (+ canol)] ; Tyr Pen y Knwck 1 728/29 GTM MSS p.40, Penycnwcke 1 732 GTM MSS p. 4 1 , Gelli vawr ? 1 63 0 Lucas MS S, Penybank, Gelly issa 1 837TMS, Pen-y-cnwc-canol 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 1 1 1 , Gelli OS 1 89 1 , Gelli 0Sc. 1 95 0

Pen-y-cnwc-isa -(SN 43 9-590)[pen + y + cnwc ( + isaf)]; Pen-y-cnwc-isaf 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 1 1 1 , Perry Cnwch ucha (sic), Pen y Cnwck ucha (sic) 1 83 7TMS

Pen-y-cnwc-ucha -(SN 442-585) [pen + y + cnwc (+ uchaf)] ; Tithin y Gelli ychaf ?? 1 5 87rent, Penycnwc 005 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-cnwc OS 1 83 4, Gelli issa (sic), Peny Cnwc 1 837TMS, Pen-cnwc-uchaf O S 1 8 9 1 See Pen-y-cnwc-ganol (22-a).

Pencwarre -(SN 406-547)[pen + y + cwarre] ; [pen'kware, then dol'k;,jd ? E. & H. Thomas) Pencwarre isaf 1 947PR Capelcynon, Pencwarre 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 64

Pencwm(i) -(SN 426-578)(Llannarth) [pen + y + cwm] ; [peg'kum E. Davies] Tyn y Cwm 1 803map J. S inger, Ty yn y Cwm 1 83 7TMS, Pen-cwm OS 1 89 1

Pencwm(ii) -(SN 443-552)(Penrheol) [pen + y + cwm] ; [peg'kum E. Davies] Pen-cwm OS 1 89 1

Penffynnon -(SN 433-539)[pen + y + ffynnon]; [pen'f�n;,n E . Davies] Blaenwayn 1 837TMS, Pen-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Penffynon 1 924--26 CSRLS 48

Penfron -(SN 4 1 9-564)[pen + y + bron]; [pen'vr;,n E. & H. Thomas] Penyfron 1 837TMS, Pen-fron OS 1 89 1 , (fpn.) Pegi Penfron 1 95 8 H. G.Davies p. 27

Pengraig -(SN 428-606)[pen + y + craig]; Pen y Graig 1 767PR L1annarth, Penygraig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-graig OS 1 834, Pengraig 1 863MR Llyswen, Pen-y-graig OS1 891

Pengribin -(SN 469-569)[pen + y + cribin] ; Tithin Troed Riwe [ ] Gribin 1 587rent, Rhyw'r Gribin ?? 1 697/98 D . T.M Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Pencribin 1 826PR Llannarth, Pen-cribyn OS 1 89 1 , Pengribin 1 92 1 M.Eist.

Penheoi -(SN 444-553)[pen + yr + heol] ; [pen'hi;,l E. Davies]

Penheol 1 78 1 rent, Pen-r heol O S 1 834, Penheol 1 83 7TMS, Pen-yr-heol OS 1 89 1 , Penhuol in£ E. Davies

Penhwlba -(SN 444-558)[pen + ? ] ; [(c) pen'hulba, now pen'hojlva E. Davies] Penhwlba 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Penwylfa O S 1 982, Brynhwylfa (prox.) (sign), (c) Penhwlba, Penhwylfan

in£ E . Davies This is a new house, named after a nearby piece of land called Penhwlba [inf E. Davies] of uncertain meaning. This has been reanalysed as Penhwylfa 'top/end of the thoroughfare'.

Penlan-fach(i)-(SN 450-537)(Crachfryn)(pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; (penlan'va:z E. Davies] Penlan-bach OS 1 834, Penlan fach 1 837TMS, Pen-Ian-bach OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-ffich OS1 904

Penlan-fach(ii) -(SN 477-529)(Caledrydiau)(pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; [penlan'va:z M. Thomas] Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan fach 1 81 5PR Llannarth, Penlan-ffich O S 1 834, Penlan Ogledd 1 837TMS, Pen­ lan-gelli OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-ffich OS 1 904 The -fach and the -ogledd are in opposition to Penlannoeth (22-a), l km to the s ; cf Penlan-ogledd (48-a). 381

(22) CAERWEDROS Penlannoeth

-(SN 474-5 1 9)[pen + y + glan + noeth];

[penlan':�je

Ll. Jones]

Peny Lan 1 7 1 8 Peterwell MS 9, Penlan Noeth 1 78 1 rent, Penlannoeth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-lan-noeth O S 1 834, Pen-lan-noeth (sic loc.) O S 1 89 1 The 1 89 1 OS map misplaced this site between Penlannoeth

Penlon

-(SN 427-561 )(Pencae)[pen + y + lont

[pe'lo:n Ll.

Jones,

(22-a) and Pisga (22-a). pen'lo:n E. Davies, E. & H.

Thomas]

Pen1on, Pen1on 1 83 7TMS, Pen-lon O S 1 89 1

Penlon Llwyncelyn -(SN 440-596)(pen + y + lon + tn.

Llwyncelyn (22-a)] ;

Penylone OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-Ion OS 1 834, Penlon als. Pen1on Llwyncelin 1 88 9 John Francis MSS vol 2 p. 1 7, Pen-lon O S 1 89 1 , Penlon O S 1 98 2

Penlon Meini -(SN 455-507)[pen 'mejni N. Thomas]

+ y

+

Ion + tn.

Meini[-gwynion] (22-a)] ; [pen'lo:n

Ll. Jones, E. Evans,

pe,lo:n

Penlone 1 827 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 86, Pen-lon 0S l 89 1 , Penlon Whipo (dialect) 1. 896 W.J. Davies p. 245, Penlon Whippo 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 The vn. chwipio 'whipping' was associated with a fancied battle at nearby Brynarau (15-a). Penlonpwdei -(SN 454-55 I )[pen + lon + y + pwdel] ; Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1 , Penlone 1 92 1 M.Eist., Penlonbwdel 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Penlon Bwdel

1 924-26

CSRLS 48 In ruins [OS 1 904] .

Penlon We m -(SN 4 1 3-5 85)[pen + y + lon + tn.

Wern[-newydd]

(22-a)] ;

Pen-lon-wem O S 1 8 9 1 , Pen-lon-wern O S 1 982

Penroerfa -(SN 462-576)[pen + yr + oerfa]; [pen'r:�rva E.

Davies]

Pen-yr-yrfa O S 1 89 1 , Efail Penyryrfa (prox.) 1 92 1 MEist. , Pen-yr-yrfu 0Sc. 1 950, Pen yr Orfa OS 1 982

Penpompren -(SN 457-553)[pen + y + pompren] ; [pem'p:�mpren E. Davies] Penpompren 1 92 1 M.Eist. , Penpompren 'ruin' in£ E. Davies On the site of Ty Gwair Garthwen, almost on the banks of the river Mudr [ 1 92 1 M.Eist.] . Penrhiw(i) -(SN 450-5 56)(Mydroulun) [pen + y + rhiw] ; Penrhew 1 837TMS, Pen-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Cartws Penrhiw (prox. ) 1 92 1 MEist.

Penrhiw(ii)

[pen'hr1w E.

-(SN 424-567)(Llyffannog)[pen + y + rhiw] ;

Davies]

Hen Penrhiw 1 83 7TMS, Pen-rhiw O S 1 891

Penrhiw-fach

-(SN 424-570)[pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ;

[penw'va:x E.

Davies,

pendnw'va:x E. & H.

Thomas]

Pen-rhiw-mch O S 1 89 1 , ym Mhenrhiwfach 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 83

Penrhiwfelin

-(SN 465-565)(Cwmwennallt) [pen + rhiw + tn.

Melin (Feinog] (26-a)];

Pen-rhiw 08 1 89 1 , Penrhiwfelin 1 924--2 6 C8RLS 4 8

Penrhiwgoden

-(SN 426-578)(pen + rhiw + coden] ;

[ penru'goden E. & H.

Thomas]

Penrhiwgoden OOS I 8 1 1 , Pen-rhiw-goden O S 1 834, Pen-rhiw-goden O S 1 89 1

Penrhiwlas -(SN 4 1 6-56 1 )[pen + y + rhiw + glas] ; [pendriW'Ia:s E . & H .

Thomas]

Pen Rhiw Las (al. loc.) 0 8 1 834, Penrhiwlas 1 83 7TMS, Pen-rhiw-las 0 8 1 891

Penrhos -(8N 452-543)[pen + y + rhos]; [pen'hro:s E.

Davies]

Pen-rhos 0 8 1 89 1

Pensarn(i)

-(SN 43 5-5 1 3)(Talgarreg)[pen + y + sarn] ;

Pensarn 1 829PR Llannarth, Pen Sarnau 0 8 1 834, Sarnan Rhandir, Same Rhandir, Pensam 1 83 7TMS, Pen-sam O S 1 89 1 , Samaurhandir 1 984 Gambo n. 1 8

Pensam(ii)

-(SN 426-576)(Llannarth)[pen + y + sam];

(pen'sarn E.

Davies]

Tir Pen y Same leia 1 697/98 D . T.M. Jones MSS vol. 4 p. 762, Pensam OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pensarn 1 837TMS, Pensam

Pentre-celyn-isa

in£ E. Davies

-(SN 449-570)[pentref + celyn (+

isaf)];

Pentre-celyn-isaf OS 1 891

Pentre-celyn-ucha -(SN 450- 578)[pentref + celyn ( + uchaf)]; Pentre Celyn 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Pentrecelyn 1 83 6 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Pentre-celyn-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Pentre­ celyn 0 S c. 1 950

Pentre-felin

-(8N 446-584)[pentref + yr + melin] ;

[pentre'velm E.

Davies]

Tyr y Vellyn ? 1 630 Lucas MS S , Tir y Velyn ? 1 725 Lucas MSS , Pentre-felin OS 1 89 1

Pentre-Siams

-(SN 44 1 - 589) [pentref + pn. Siams];

[pentre1ams E . Davies]

382

(22) CAERWEDROS Argoedyrofient OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pentre Siams 1 826PR Llannarth, Pentre Shams 1 827 NLW MS 61 7-D, Llwyn-celyn (sic nom.), Pentre James (sic loc.) O S 1 834, Argoed y Gofiant 1 837TMS, Argoed y Gofient als. Tyr Argoed y Gofient, 'better known as' Pentre James 1 85 0 Nantgwyllt MS 2/262, Pentre James als. Argoed y Goifaint 1 889 John Francis MSS vol2 p. 17, Pentre-James OS 1 89 1 , Pentre-Shams, 'dywedir mae yr hen enw ar y ty oedd' Arfod-y-gofaint 1 924-26 CSRLS 52, Pentre-shams 0Sc. 1 95 0 The said Siams was a smith [ 1 924 26 CSRLS 48]. Pentre-Siams was wrongly located o n Weirglod's site in O S 1 834, and Llwyncelyn on this own site� Argoed-y-gofaint was also an alias of Llwyncelyn(i) (22-a), thus perhaps explaining why it was misplaced in 1 834, see Bargod (22-a). Penwem -(SN 423-566)[pen + y + gwern] ; [pen'wern E. Davies, Ll. Jones] Penywern 1 78 1 rent, Penywem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-wem OS 1 89 1 , Penwern OS 1 982 Perthreglwys -(SN 459-548)[perth + yr + eglwys] ; [parS'reglus E. Davies] Tyr Berth yr Eglwys 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Porthyreglwys 1 78 1 rent, Pertheglwys OOS 1 81 1 , Perth yr Eglwys 1 81 6PR L1anwnnen, Perth yr Eglwys OS1 834, Perth yr Eglws, Perth Eglwys 1 837TMS, Perth-yr-eglwys OS 1 89 1 The rent o f Perthreglwys ( in 1 907) was an endowment to the living of Llanafan [ 1 907 T . W . Barker: 1 1 8], it is possible it owed its name to this fact, as there was no church in the immediate vicinity, though see sub Rhydmaengwyn (22-a). Perthneidr -(SN 41 5-580) [perth + y + neidr ]; [perth neidir 1 948 GMG p. 1 44] Perth y Neydir 1 8 1 8PR L1annarth, Berthneidr 1 837TMS, Perth-y-neidr OS 1 89 1 , Perth Neidr OS 1 982 Perthpiod -(SN (ii)41 3-575)[perth + y + p'iod] ; [pere�'pbd E. & H. Thomas] Perthypiod 1 78 1 rent, Perthypiod (i) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefu Perth-y-piod (ii) OS1 834, (cK-171 ; cK-1 80) Perth Piod (i), Cefu Perth-Piod (ii) 1 837TMS, Perthpiod issa (i), Perthpiod (ii) 1 889 John Francis MS S vol.2 p. 1 7, Perth-piod (i), Cefu-perth-piod (ii) OS 1 89 1 , Perth-piod (i), Cefu-perth-ptod (ii) OS 1 904, Perth y Piod OS1 982 i) SN 4 1 2-575. ii) SN 4 1 3-575. b.>1 837 [ 1837TMS] . It appears that this site may have been known for some time as Cefn Perthpi'od, in opposition to the original site, but finally it also assumed the name Perthpiod, after the original site was abandoned after 1 904 [OS1904L see Cefn Perthpiod (22-a). Pisga -(SN 478-5 1 8) [Bibl.tn. Pisgah] ; Penpisca 1 830PR Llannarth, Pisgah (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Pisgah OS 1 904, Y Pisgah, Pisgah 1 984 Clone n. 23 This lay on the most upstream part of Mouddin land (22-a) [ 1837TMS] . On OS map of 1 89 1 misplaced between Penlannoeth (22-a) and Pisga (22-a). Plas -(SN 459-553)(plas] � [pla:s J.Evans] Plas 1 78 1 rent, Place OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pliis OS 1 834, Plas OS1 891 Priests (offeiradon) lived there (inf J. Evans] . Plas-newydd -(SN 41 7-559)[plas + newydd] ; [pla:s'newi� E. & H. Thomas] Plas newydd OS 1 982 Pomprendu -(SN 447-582)(pompren + du]; (p:>mpren'di: E. Davies, pompren ddu 1 948 GMG p. 1 44] Tir y Pompren Dy 1 587rent, Pontbrendu 1 78 1 rent, Pontbryn Ddu OOS 1 81 1 , Pont-bren-ddu OS1 834, Pomprendu 1 83 6 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Pontprendu, Pompren Du 1 837TMS, ym Mhontbrendu 1 869 B.Williams p.73, Pontbren-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Pontbren-ddu OS1 904 Pontfaen -(SN 493 -525) [pont + maenJ; [p:>nt'va:n E. Evans, M Thomas] Tynyfron 1 837TMS, Pont-faen OS 1 89 1 , Pont-faen OS1 904, Pont Hin in£ E. Davies Pontfaen seems to have been built by Dafydd Lewis of Tyddyndu (22-a) for his son John Lewis between 1 837-75 ( 1 8371MS; 1 962 Ymofynydd: 62. 1 4] - if so its name seems to have been suggested by the older Pontfannog (22-a) less than 200m away. Pontfaen-fach -(SN 41 9-574)[pont + maen (+ bach)] � Bont Vaughan fach, Bont Faen 1 837TMS Pontfaen-fawr -(SN 41 9-573)[pont + maen (+ mawr)] ; [p:>nt'vaen E. Davies, p:>nt'vaen E. & H. Thomas] (c) Park y Bont Faene 1 697/98 D. T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Pontfane OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pont Fane 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Pont Faen 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Bont Vaughan fawr, Bont Faen fawr 1 837TMS, Pontfaen als. Bontfaen 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 7 Near the nursery [inf E . Evans, Gr. Davies] . -

383

(22) CAERWEDROS Pontfanog -(SN 492-525)[pont + ? ]; [p�nt'van�g E. Evans] Pant y Fanog 1803map J. Singer, Pont Feinog 1813PR Llannarth, Pont Vanog 1816PR Llannarth, Pont­ faenog OS 1834, ym Mhontfanog 1962 Ymofynydd vol.62 p. 14 The pronunciation -van�g for -feinog is irregular - cf nearby Feinog vejn�g (26-a) - as is the adjectival derivative of maen, for Ponifaen 'stone bridge' is the usual construction in Welsh. In all likelihood we are dealing with an altogether different word, cf Allt-y-fanog (SN 69-03, Clydach, Glams.), Alt y Vanog (c. l700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 1 35]; Heolfanog (SO 01-25, Llanfaes, Brees.), Calvannock ? (c. l 350(1 933)map W. Rees] ; Fanog van�g (SN 80-51 , Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.) (inf. D. Jones(ii)], Nant y Fanog [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .51], a local tradition there stated that Y Fanog was originally Y Ddu Fanog [>1 928 WFM MS 1 793/63: 12]; cf also Ynysdewi (E. Ramsey, St David, Pembs.), earlier called Ynis Devanog [1722 E. Lhuyd: 764], Ynys Tevannoge 1728, and there was a chapel called Capel Divanog c. 1600 [1 992 PN Pembs: 299], after the saint Tyfanog, who is noted Sci Tauanauci in the early thirteenth century [ 1 936 ZCP: 20. 1 42). As the 1803 form suggests the initial element may be pant, c£ Pontmarchog (26-a), and this is made all the more likely as the same river crossing is already referred to by Rhydcwrt-fawr (26-a). Prospect -(SN 43 1-562)[£. prospect] ; [pr�spekt Ll. Jones] Prospect House OS 1891 Pwllcwta -(SN 431-528)(pwll + cwta]; [bultkuta Ll. Jones] Pwll Cwtta OOS 1811, Rhydaggoed Ywin, Pwll Cwtta, Pwll Gwtta 1837TMS, Bwlch Cwtta 1921 MEist., Bwlchcwta 1924-26 CSRLS 48 On Moelifor (22-a) land [inf. Ll. Jones] . Quarry -(SN 418-519)[E. quarry] ; Slate Quarry OOS 1811, Quarry 183 7TMS Near Graig-ucha (22-a). Red-leion -(SN 457-552)[E. red + lion] ; [red'lej�n E. Davies] Red Lion Inn OS 1891 Rhandir -(SN 428-515)[rhandir] ; Rhandir 1814PR Llannarth, Rhan-dir OS 1834, Rhandir, Handir 1837TMS, Rhandir OS 1891 b. 1802, bam now, b. 1885 [1 984 Gambo: 1 8] . Rhiw -(SN 406-547)[rhiw]; [hnw, f pn. marihnw, now g lan'rav�n E . & H. Thomas] (fpn. ) Mari Rhiw, Mari'r Rhiw 1962 D.E.Rees p.63 Rhiwbren-fach -(SN 467-568)[rhiw + pren (+ bach)] ; [rubren'va:z E. Davies] Tythyn Rhiw Bren ycha 1635 Larkshill MS 8, Tyr Rhiew Bren vach 1740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Riwbren vach 1781rent {v. l. GMG} , Rhiwbren fach 1781rent, Rhiwbryn fach OOS 18 11, Wybren fach 1813PR Llannarth, Rhiw-bren-fach OS 1834, Rhiw-bren-fiich OS1891 Rhiwbren-fawr -(SN 470-575)[rhiw + pren (+ mawr)]; [rubren, rubren'vowr E. Davies, Wibren Gr. Davies, wibren 1948 GMG p. 145] Tir y Ryw Brenn issa 1587rent, Ryw Brenn c. 1600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.82, Rhiwbren 1760CF, Cwmrywbren (prox . ) 1774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Rywbren 1774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Riwbren 1781rent, Rhiwbren fawr 1795 in 1875 D. J.Davies p.2 1, Rhiwbren 1803map J. Singer, Rhiwbryn OOS 18 11, Rhiw­ bren OS 1891 The meaning seems to be 'ascent/slope of the tree', the lack of definite article as well as the use ofpren in its obsolete meaning 'tree' suggesting an older name, however it may be that *rhiwbren is a term in itself, cf (c) Drylley y Rewbrenny 1491 (Pennal, Mers.) [ 1972b M. Richards: 1 94] . As Rhiwbren quite naturally became *R(h)wybren and R(h)wbren, these forms becoming reanalysed by popular etymology as Yr W(y)bren 'the sky', this stage having occurred by 1813, see sub Rhiwbren-fach (22-a); cf Chwibren (Llansannan, Denbs.) zWJbren [inf E. Mortimer] , Quilbreyn, Quylbreyn 1334 [ 1 961 M. Richards: 92-93] - cf the of the 1334 form standing for [hw] as in Se-E. convention; cf sub Hwileirog-ucha (74-a). Rhiw-wen -(SN 446-547)[rhiw + gwen] ; [hriW'en E. Davies] Rhiw-wen OS 1891 Rhopier -(SN 443-573)[E. ? + yard]; [hr�pjer, then wern'g�j, then okli'haws E. Davies] Rope Yard 1837TMS, Hop Yard als. Rope Yard 1882 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 7, Ropeyard Cottage OS 1891, Ropeyard Farm OS 1904, Ropeyard Farm 0Sc. 1950, Oakleigh Farm OS 1982, Werngoy in£ E. Davies

384

(22) CAERWEDROS It is difficult to choose between the E. terms ropeyard and hopyard, though the latter would seem likelier, cf (c981 ) Werglodd yr Hop Yard (Diosg, Llanbrynmair) ( 1 8391MS Llanbrynmair] ; (c) Pare Ropier (Rhyd1ywys area) [ 1926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6] . Rhos -(SN 457-595)[rhos] ; Tir Rhos Ffyllon issa 1 697/98 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.762, Tyr Rhos Ffyllon yssa 171 8 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/258, Rhos fawr ? 1 725 Lucas MSS, Rhos 1 837TMS, Rhos, (c) Alit y Rhos (prox.) OS1 891 Rhosgoch-fach -(SN 441 - 53 1)[rhos + coch (+ bach)]; [hr:lsgox;'va:x; E. Davies] Rhosgoch fach 1 78 1rent, Ryr Rhos Goch fach 1 794 M.Richardson MSS p.472, Tyr Rhos Goch fach 1794 Hav. WW MS 24002 ( GMG), Rhosgoch fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhos-goch-fach OS 1 834, Rhos Coch fach 1 837TMS, Rhosgochfach uchaf + isaf 1 921 M.Eist. , Rhosgochfach 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 Rhosgoch-fawr -(SN 446-547)[rhos + coch (+ mawr)] ; [hr:lsgox;'vawr E. Davies] Rhosegoch vawr 1 61 8 NA MSS, Tyr Rhos Goch 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Rhosgoch 1 760CF, Rhosecoch, Rhosechoch 1 769PR Llannarth, Tyr y Rhose Goch 1 788 NLW Deeds MS 1263, Rhos Goch 1 803map J. Singer, Rhosgoch fawr OOS 1 81 1 , Rhos-goch-fawr OS 1 834, Rhos Coch fawr, Rhoscoch fawr 1 837TMS, Rhos-goch-fawr OS189 1 , Rhos-goch-fawr OS 1 904, Rhos-goch-fach (sic) 0Sc. 1 950 Rhosgoch-ganol - ( SN 444-539)[rhos + coch (+ canol)] ; [hr:lsgox;'gan:ll E. Davies] Rhosgoch ganol 1 781 rent, Rhos Coch canol 1 837TMS, Rhos-goch-ganol OS 1 89 1 Rhosgoch-isa -(SN 454-548)[rhos + coch (+ isaf)]; Tir Rosegoch issa NA MSS, Tythyn y Rhos Goch yssa 1 63 5 Larkshill MS 8, Rhosegoch issa 1 760CF, Rhosgoch issa 1 781rent, Rhos Coch issa 1 837TMS, Llwyncelyn OS 1 89 1 , Rhosgochfach (prox. , Rhosgoch-isa) 1 921 M.Eist., Llwyncelyn 0Sc. 1 950, Llwyncelyn OS 1 982 See Llwyncelyn(i) (22-a). Rhosgoch-siop -(SN 456-541 )[tn. Rhosgoch (22-a) + E. shop]; [hr�sk:lX Ll. Jones, hr:lsgoz'J :lp E. Davies] Shop Goch 1 772-73 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 70, Rhosgoch Shop 1 78 lrent, Rhosgochsiop 1 799 BRA (1955) MSS p. 72, Rhosgoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhos-goch OS 1 834, Rhos Coch Shop 1 837TMS, Rhos-goch OS1 89 1 , Rhos-goch 0Sc. 1 950, Rhosgoch Shop inf E. Davies Rhos Mount -(SN 442-596) [rhos + E. mount]; Rhos Mount Inn, Rhos Mount 1 837TMS, Rhos-mount OS 1 89 1 , Rhos�mount 0Sc. 1 950, Ivydene OS1 982 Rhyd -(SN 438-594)[rhyd]; [hri:d, hri·d�'govajnt E. Davies] Rhud 1 781rent, Rhyd OOS 1 81 1 , Rhyd 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Rhyd OS1 834, Rhydigoviant, Rhydgofiant 1 837TMS, Rhydygofaint 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 7, Rhyd OS 1 89 1 , (c) Ffynon Rhyd 1 993 leaflet, Rhyd-y-gofaint inf E. Davies RHYD-Y-BEILLEN -(SN 405-546)[rhyd + y + *peillen ? ] ; Tithin Rhyd Tal y Bonllwyd ? 1 587rent, Rhyd y Beillon OOS1 81 1 , Rhyd y Beillen 1 8 1 3PR Llannarth, Rhyd-y-beillion OS1 834, Rhyd y Baylen 1 837TMS, Rhyd-y-beillen OS1 891 Whilst *peillen is given as meaning 'flour' [1963 M. Richards: 219], the singular form of paill pollen, flour' (B. pel!) is not otherwise evidenced in GPC [s.v. paill] . This difficulty might be explained if Rhyd-y-beillen (along with the nearby Rhyd-fechan, 22-a) are the most likely candidates within the district of Rhandir Talbonllwyd (e) of being the reflex of the sixteenth-century holding of Rhyd Talbonllwyd. As it stands Talbonllwyd makes no sense in Welsh, and this may account for its interpretation as Talbontlwyd in 1 837. If we suppose that Talbonllwyd is a mistake for * Talbonllwyn, we may compare the name with Bonllwyn b:lniun (SN 62-13, Llandybie, Canns.) which appears to be composed of bon + llwyn. The reduction of b:lniun --+ *b;rlun brings us somewhat nearer bejlen, and we will take note of the form earliest form Rhyd y Beillon 1 8 1 1 . Nevertheless, this supposition must remain a tentative hypothesis for the moment, being woefully short of confirmatory evidence for such a radical reanalysis having taken place; cf Afon Rhyd-y-beillen (d). Comprising: 1) Cnwc-y-pwrpas, 2) Graig Villa, 3) Pencwarre, 4) Rhiw. Rhydcwrt-fach -(SN 493-527)[rhyd + y + cwrt (+ bach)] ; [hri:d�.kurt'va:x; M.Thomas] Rhydycwrt fach 005 1 8 1 1 , Rhydgwrt filch 1 820PR Llanwenog, Rhyd-y-cwrt-filch OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-cwrt fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Minafon OS1 982, Rhydcwrt fach inf. E. Davies Cf Rhydcwrt-fawr (26-a). Rhydeinon -(SN 429-546)[rhyd + pn. Einon]; [hri:d'ejn:ln Ll. Jones, E. Davies, hrid'ejn:ln E. & H. Thomas] '

385

(22) CAERWEDROS Rhud Einon 1781 rent, Rhyd Einos 1 803map J.Singer, Rhydeinon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd Einon 1 81 4PR Llannarth, Rhydeinon OS 1 834, Rhyd Eynon 1 83 7TMS, Rhyd-einon OS1 891 Rhydeinon lies at the headwaters of a tributary of the Llethi. That Einon is the name of that tributary seems unlikely from the location of Nantmeddal (22-a), the farm just below Rhydeinon; see Blaeneinon (22-a). Popular etymology derives it from "rhed! Einon", when a prince named Einon was forced to flee after a battle, this story built into a trajectory southwards to Rhydeinon, through Bwlchungwr and Pant-y­ gweddill which had similar anecdotes on the battles ofEinon [inf. E. & H. Thomas] ; see Sbeit (22-a). Rhyd-fach(i) -(SN 439-529)(Rhydlydan)[rhyd + bach] ; [hri:d'va:z Ll. Jones] Rhydfach 1 837TMS, Rhyd-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Rhydfach 1 924--26 CSRLS 48 Rhyd-fach(ii) -(SN 442-594)(Llwyncelyn) [rhyd + bach] ; Rhydfach 1 8 89 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p. 1 7, Rhyd-fiich OS1 891 Rhyd-fach -(iii)(SN 423-539)(Rhydeinon)[rhyd + bach]; [hri:d'va:z E. Davies] Rhyd fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydfach 1 837TMS Rhydfallen -(SN 403-568)(rhyd + yr + afallen]; [hrid'valen E. & H. Thomas, rhydfallen 1 948 GMG p. 1 46] Tithin Rhyd y Vallenn 1 587rent, Rhudfallen 1 78 1rent, Rhyd Vallen 1783 Hav.WW MS 23999 (GMG), Rhyd y Fallen 008 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd Fallen OS 1 834, Rhydyfallen 1 837TMS, Rhyd-afallen OS 1 89 1 Rhyd-fawr -(8N 425-560)[rhyd + mawr] ; [hri:d'vowr E. Davies] Rhyd fawr 1 760CF, Rhudfawr 1 78 1 rent, Rhydfawr 008 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-fawr 08 1 89 1 Rhyd-fechan -(8N 408-545)[rhyd + bechan] ; [hri:d'vezan Ll. Jones, hri·d've·zan E . & H. Thomas] Rhyd fechan 1 760CF, Rhudfechan 1 78 1 rent, Rhyd vechan 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Rhydyfechan 008 1 81 1 , Rhyd-fechan OS 1 89 1 The -fechan is opposed t o Rhyd-y-beillen (22-a). Rhydfelen(i) -(8N 456-544)(Mydroulun)[rhyd + melen] ; [hri:d'velen E. Davies] Rhyd Felen 1 823PR Llannarth, Perthyreglwys (sic) 1 837TM8, Rhyd-felen 08 1 89 1 , Rhydfelen 1 924--26 C8RL8 48 In ruins (OS 1 904] . Rhydfelen(ii) -(8N 437-561 )(Cathilwyd)[rhyd + melen] ; Rhydfelin 008 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-felen 0 8 1 891 Rhydfuddai-isa -(8N 43 8-563) [rhyd + y + buddai (+ isaf)] ; [hri:d ,v�5e'iJa E. Davies] Llayne Rhyd y Vythe 1 630 Lucas MS8, Llaine Rhyd y Fydde 1 697/98 D.T.MJones M88 p. 762, Rhydyfyddau 008 1 81 1 , Rhydyfydde 1 820PR Llanwenog, Rhyd-y-fyddon 0 8 1 834, Rhydfyddau 1 868 J.Davies p. 1 5, Rhydyfeddau 081 982 Rhydfuddai-isa was a cottage belonging to Nant-y-gwrdy (22-a) [inf. E. Davies] . Rhydfuddai-ucha -(SN 439-563)[rhyd + y + buddai (+ uchaf)]; [hri:d,v��e'�za, hri:d�'v��e E. Davies] in£ Rhydfuddai-ucha was a cottage belonging to Cathilwyd-fawr (22-a) [inf E. Davies] . Rhydgwinllannau -(8N 452-580)[rhyd + y + gwinllannau] ; [hri:dgwm'iane E. Davies] Rhudgwinllane 1 78 1 rent, Rhydgwinllanne issa 008 1 8 1 1 , Rhydgwynllanau 1 824 NLW M8 6 1 7-D, Rhyd­ y-gwinllanau O S 1 834, Rhyd Gwynllanau, Rhydgwynllanan, Rhyngwynllanau 1 837TM8, PO 08 1 982 Rhydrhaeam -(8N 43 8- S l O) [rhyd + yr + haearn] ; [hri:d�r'hejarn Ll. Jones] Rhydyrhayarn 008 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd yr Haiarn 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Rhydyrhaiarn 081 834, Rhydyrhairn, Rhydyaiarn 1 83 7TMS, Rhydyrheiarufawr 1 875sur. landowners p.4, Rhyd Trahaiarn 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 3 3 , Rhyd-yr-haiarn OS 1 891 That yr + haeam conceals the pn. Trahaearn is not to be discounted, cf tn. Pont-yr-haearn (Mynachlogddu), Pont Trahayame 1 598 [ 1992 PN Pembs: 1 30] ; cf Rhyd Tan-Dre-fach (19-a). Rhydlydan -(8N 43 5-523)[rhyd + llydan]; [hri:d'l�dan Ll. Jones] Tythen y Rhyd Lydan ar Glettwr 1 587rent, Tyddyn y Rhyd Lydan 1 6 1 3114 NA M88, Tir Rhyd Lydan 1 622 NA MS 8 , Tyr y Rhyd Lydan 1 670 RJJ MS 2 (GMG), Tythyn als. Tir yr Rhyd Lydan 1 71 7 NA MS 8, Rhyd Lydan 1 745 NA M8S, Rhydlydan 1 760CF, Rhudlydan 1 78 1 rent, Rhydlydom 1 798 RJJ M88, Rhyd Lydan 1 803map J. 8inger, Rhyd Llydan, Rhydlydan 008 1 81 1 , Rhydlydian 1 837TMS, Rhyd-lydan 081 89 1 Rhydmaen -(8N 432-529)[rhyd + y + maen] ; Rhyd-y-maen OS 1 834, Rhydman 1 921 M.Eist. , Rhydmaen 1 924--26 CSRL8 48, Rhyd Man 1 997 D.Evans p . 9 386

(22) CAERWEDROS Rhydmaengwyn -(SN 446-545)[rhyd + y + maen + gwyn] ; [hri·d�'maogwm, hri:d�.mao'gwm, now br;,nwm E. Davies] Rhyd y Mangwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Rhydmaengwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-y-maengwyn 08 1 834, Rhydmaengwyn 1 837TMS, Rhyd-maen-gwyn O S 1 89 1 , Bronwyn, 'once' Rhydinangolwyn 1 92 1 MEist . , Rhydymaengwyn OS 1 982, Bronwyn inf. E. Davies Rhydnod -(SN 466-523)[rhyd + y + nod]; [rhyd nod 1 948 GMG p. 1 48] Rhyd y Nod 1 822PR Llannarth, Rhyd-nod OS 1 83 4, Rhyd-nod OS 1 89 1 , Rhydynod 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Rhydnod 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 Cf Nant-y-nod (71-c, 76-a). Rhyd-y-pennau -(SN 4 1 3 -565)[rhyd + y + pennau] ; Rhyd-y-pennau 0 8 1 834, Rhydypennan 1 83 7TMS, Rhyd-y-pynau OS 1 891 In ruins [OS 1 904]. Rhydwilym -(SN 43 5-536)[rhyd + pn. Gwilym] ; [hri:d 'wdnn E. Davies] Rhyd Willim, Rhyd Willin 1 837TMS, Rhyd-wilym OS 1 891 See sub Dolwilym (22-a). Rhydrwyn -(SN 414-523)[rhyd + yr + Wyn.] ; Tir Rhyd yr Wyn 1 587rent, Rhud yr Wyn 1 7 8 1 rent, Rhyd yr Wyn 1 803map J. Singer, Rhyderowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd yr Wyn OS 1 834, Rhydyrwyn 1 837TMS, Rhyd-yr-Wyn OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd'rWyn 1 997 D .Evans p. 1 2 Rhydywain -(SN 409-559)[tn. Rhydywain (14-a)]; [hri·d'owen E . & H . Thomas] Rhyd-owen OS1 891 Probably named after Rhydywain (14-a). Salutation -(SN 409-588) [£. salutation] ; Salutation Inn 1 837TMS, Blaenplethy als. Old Salutation 1 889 John Francis MSS vol2 p. 1 7, Glanllethi (sign) Sarnau-gwynion -(SN 424-537)[sarnau + gwynion] ; [sarne Ll. Jones, sarne'gwmj;,n E. Davies] Tythin y Same Gwnion 1 587rent, Same Gwynion 1 670 RJJ MS 2 (GMG), Samau Gwynion 1 803map J. Singer, Sarnygwynion OOS 1 8 1 1 , Samau-gwynnion O S 1 834, Sarnau, Sarne 1 837TMS, Sarnau­ gwinnon 1 846 NLW misc. MSS vol. 5 p. 1 2, Samau-gwynion OS1 891 Sbeit(i) -(SN 43 1 -548)(Rhydeinon)[E. spite] ; [spejt E. Davies, Ll. Jones, speit, sbeit 1 948 GMG p. 1 50, now do:l'ma:n Ll. Jones, now dol'maen E. & H. Thomas] Spite 1 78 1 rent, Spite OOS 1 8 1 1 , Spite Farm OS 1 89 1 , Spite Farm OSc. 1 950, (pn. ) am Ddaniel Sbeit 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 1 0, Dolmaen OS 1 982, Sbeit 1 983 Gambo n. 6 The tradition that this was originally Ysbyty Einon, a name connected with a local legend [ 1 983 Gambo: 3], is to be discounted; see Rhydeinon (22-a). Sbeit(ii) -(SN 461 - 548)(Mydroulun)[E. spite]; Spite Cottage O S1 89 1 , Spite Cottage 0Sc. 1 950, Brynhyfryd OS 1 982 Smiths Cottage -(SN 44 1 -595)[E. smith + 's + cottage] ; Smith's Cottage 1 837TMS Smiths Shop -(SN 441 -595)[E. smith + 's + shop] ; Smyth s Shop and Llain 1 837TMS, Yr Efail isaf ? 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 1 1 1 , PO OS1 982 Cf Smith 's Shop 1 778 (sub Pengarn, 73-a). Soar -(SN 427-55 1 ) [Bibl.tn. Zoar]; [soar Ll. Jones, E. Davies] Soar OOS 1 8 1 1 , Soar 1 8 1 5PR Llannarth, Zoar 1 823PR Llannarth, Soar O S 1 834, Zoar 1 837TMS, Soar OS 1 89 1 Summerhouse -(SN 41 1 -584)[£. summer + house] ; [(c) baok,s�m�r'haws Gr. Davies] Wern Summer House 'ruins' 1 801map W.Morris, Summerhouse 008 1 81 1 , Summerhouse OS1 834, Summerhouse Cottages, (c) Summerhouse Hill (prox.) OS 1 89 1 Sunnybill -(SN 423-577)[E. sunny + hill] ; Sunny Hill OS 1 982 Sychdy -(SN 45 1 - 507)[sychdy] ; (c) Cwm-Sychdy OS1 834, Sych Dfi 1 83 7TMS Synod -(SN 403-543)[synod] ; [fm;,d Ll. Jones, E. & H. Thomas, I. A. Griffiths, s�n;,d, Ll. Jones, E. Davies, sm;,d E. Davies, sm;,d'm M. Thomas (Rhydlywys), old name p;->st'mowr E. Davies] 387

(22) CAERWEDROS Black Cock P.H. 1 803map J. Singer, Black Cock OOS 1 81 1 , Black Cock-pit-hill (sic) 1 81 3 G.Nicholson p.333, Post OS 1 834, Synod House 1 837TMS, Post-mawr + Synod Inn OS 1 89 1 , Y Synod > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 1 3 , Y Synod 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 1 7, Synod Inn + Synod Farm OS 1 982, Sgwar y Synod 1 983 Gambo n. 8, Soden (name of area) 1 983 Gambo n. 8, Synod 1 984 Clone n. 33 "Dyma groes-ffordd, a dyma host, post yn dangos ffordd . . . " [1 899 Cymru: 1 6.34]; Greek synodos 'in the sense of crossroads' [1915 CAST: 2. 1 07]. Synod-fach -(SN 3 98-540)[synod (+ bach)];[s;)n:ld va:z Ll. Jones] Synod fach 1 825 WFM MS 2039, Sinod-fiich OS 1 891, Synod-filch OS 1 904 Formerly part of Synod-ucha (22-a) [ 1 825 WFM MS 2039] . Synod-ganol -(SN 397-543)[synod (+ canol)]; [s;)n:ld'gan:ll Ll. Jones] Synod 1214 cart. Tal-llychau, S inod 1 447 cart. Tal-llychau, Synodd 1 760CF, Synorth 1 774-75 in 1946 T.Beynon p. 1 7 1 , Sinod ganol 1 78 1rent, Synod 1 795PR Llannarth, Synod canol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Synodgand 1 825 WFM MS 2039, Sinod ganol OS1 834, Synnad, Synod ganol, Synod canol 1 83 7TMS, Synod-ganol OS 1 89 1 Synod-isa -(SN 3 92- 545)[synod ( + isaf)t Ssinod issa 1 727/28 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 08, Sinod issa 1 78 1rent, Synod issa OOS 1 81 1 , Synod-isaf OS 1 834, Synod issa 1 837TMS, Synod-isaf OS 1 89 1 Half in Llannarth parish and half in Llanllwchaeam parish. Synod-ucha -(SN 3 99-538)[synod (+ uchaf)]; [s;)n:ld'Iza Ll. Jones] Ssinod ycha 1 727/28 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 08, Sinod ucha 1 78 1 rent, Rhyd y Bumper 1 803map J. Singer, Rhyd Synod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Synod ucha 1 825 WFM MS 203 9, Sinod-ucha' OS 1 834, Synod ucha 1 837TMS, Sinod-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Synod-uchaf OS 1 904 For the apparent alias of 1 803, cf Pwll-y-bwmper (3-a). Tai-newydd Blaenbargod -(SN 432-587)[tai + newydd + tn. Blaenbargod (22-a)] ; [taj,newdl,bla:n'barg:ld E. Davies] Blaen-bargod Cottages OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-bargoed Cottages OS 1 904 Talbryn -(SN 438-602)[tal + y + bryn] ; [tal'brm E. Davies] Talybrynn OOS 1 81 1 , (c) Cae Fron Talbryn 1 837TMS, Talfryn OS 1 89 1 , Tal-y-bryn OS1 904, Talbryn inf. E. Davies Cf tns. Talbrin, Talebrin (al. loc.) [ 1 222 in 1 946b J. C . Davies: 353] ; Talbryn (Cenarth, Carms.) [1979 CER: 8.378, 381-82] . Talgarreg -(SN 425- 5 1 4)[tal + y + carreg]; [tal'gareg Ll. Jones, talgarreg 1 948 GMG p. 1 5 1 ] Tir Tall y Garregg 1 63 0 NA MSS, Tal y Garreg 1 760CF, Talgarreg 1 78 1 rent, Tir Talygarreg 1 788 RJJ MS 1 5 (GMG), Talgareg 1 788 RJJ MSS, Tir Talgarreg 1 788 RJJ MS 1 6 (GMG), Talgarreg 1 803map J. Singer, Talgarreg OOS1 8 1 1 , Tal-gareg OS 1 834, Talgarreg 1 837TMS, Ffarm Talgarreg OS1 982, 'ac yn lleol adnabyddir y fferm yn unig fel' Ffarm 1 983 Gambo n. l 0 Tanrallt -(SN 451-550)[tan + yr + aUt] ; [tan'raH E. Davies] Danrallt 1781 rent, Tanyrallt 1 799 BRA ( 1 95 5) p. 72, Danyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dan'r Alit OS 1 834, Tanyrallt 1 837TMS, Dan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Tan-yr-allt OS 1 904, Tanrallt fach 'below Tanrallt, on Oilun bank' 1 921 MEist., Tanrallt OS 1 982 Tandderwen -(SN 456-553)[tan + y + derwen]; [tan'�erwen (+ 'va:z) E. Davies] Tandderwen, Dandderwen 1 837TMS, (c) Alit Tan-y-dderwen OS 1 891 , Tandderwen 1 934 TS 30/03/34 Tangaer -(SN 43 5-526)[tan + y + caer] ; Tan-gaer OS 1 89 1 , Tangaer 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 , Tangar 1 924-26 CSRLS 63 Refers to Caer Rhydlydan (22-b). Tegfryn -(SN 4 1 5-567)[teg + bryn] ; Tegfryn OS1 982 Teilau -(SN 444-559)[tn. Teilau (41 -a)] ; [t;)laj E. Davies] Tylau OS 1 982 People who once lived near Bwlchllan (41 -a), and moved here, named it after Teilau (41 -a) [inf E. Davies]. Tirllwyd -(SN 446-546)[tir + llwyd] ; [;)Sk:ll'lujd E. Davies] Tir-llWy-d OS 1 89 1 , Bryngwyn OS1 904, Eglwys Lwyd 1 92 1 M.Eist "Bu ysgol yma rhyw adeg ac eglwys hefyd. Gelwid y ty oherwydd hynny yn 'Eglwys Lwyd'. " [1 92 1 M.Eist.] . '

388

(22) CAERWEDROS Trefaes -(SN 455-561 ) [tref + maes]; [dre:'va:s E. Davies] Drefaes OS1 891

Trefegr -(SN 4 1 8-575) [tref + egr] ; [trev'eger E. & H. Thomas] Pont-faen (sic nom.) OS 1 89 1 , Pont-faen (sic nom.) O S 1904, Trefeger 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 1 Existent [1 8371MS]. The meaning of egr - eger (Mydroulun) [inf. E . Davies] - is 'forward, cheeky', however the meaning in Dyfed is 'acid, sharp', and the northern meaning is 'rough, severe' [GPC

s.v.

egr] .

Trem-y-gmwel -(SN 401 -541 )[trem + y + gorwel] ; Trem-y-gorwel OS 1 982

Tremle -(SN 449-5 8 1 )[trem + lle]; Tremle OS 1 982

Troedrbiw(i) -(SN 454-53 6)(Crachfryn)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [tr�jd'hriW als. kenar8'k�ted3, trod'hriW E. Davies] Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 904, Cenarth OS1 982, Troedrhiw inf E. Davies Troed-y-rhiw(ii) -(SN 455-554)(Mydroulun)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troedyrhiw OOS1 8 1 1 , Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 834

Tryal-bach -(SN 447-549)[tryal + bach] ; Tryal 1 78 1rent, Trual bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tryal bach O S 1 834, Trual 1 837TMS, Tryal-bach OS 1 89 1

Tryalbloesg -(SN 48 1 -534)[tryal + bloesg] ; [trejal' pudur Ll. Jones, trial'pudur J. D. Davies] Tythin y Tryall Bloesk 1 587rent, Trual 1 760CF, Tryal Bloysg 1 78 1 rent, Trual Bloisg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tryal Bloisg OOS 1 81 1 {v.l. GMG} , Tryal Bloese OS 1 834, Tryal Bloise, Trual Bloise 1 837TMS, Treial 1 840

Bronwydd MSS , Tryal O S 1 89 1 , Tryal Pwdwr inf E. Davies Tryal Manor -(SN 482-535)[tn. Tryal[bloesg] (22-a) + E. manor]; [trejal'man�r J. D. Davies] Tryal Manor OS 1 982 b. 1 950s [inf. J. D. Davies] .

Ty-coch -(SN 424-576)[tY + coch]; [ti'ko:z, ti,ko:z'ba:z (adj.) Gr. Davies] Ty Coch 1 984 Y.Llannarth p . 5 6, Ty Coch inf E. Davies Tyddyndu -(SN 487-530)[tyddyn + du]; [t�(')m'di: Ll. Jones, J. D . Davies, M Thomas] Tythin Dy 1 540 Crosswood MS 1 (GMG), Tithin Ddy 1 577rent f. 54, Tythyn y Ty Dy 1 587rent, Tythyn Dy 1 634 Crosswood MSS , Tyddyn Dy 1 670 Crosswood MS 40 1 (GMG), Tythin Duy 1 747 Crosswood

MS 870 (GMG), Tuddind 1 760map E.Bowen {v. l. GMG} , Tuddund 1 760map E.Bowen, Tuddind 1 765map E.Bowen et a!., Tyddyn Du 1 763PR Llannarth, Tythyn Du 1 768rent Crosswood, Tyddin Du 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Tyddindu 1 78 1 rent, Tythyn Duy 1 79 1 rent, Tyddyn Du 1 803 map J. Singer, Tyddundu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tyddyn-du O S 1 834, Tyddynddu, Tyddyndu 1 83 7TMS, Tyddyn-du OS 1 89 1

Ty'rhelyg -(SN 43 1 -586)[tY + y r + helyg]; [tir'hehg E. Davies] Thyrhelig 1 889 John Francis MSS vol.2 p . 1 7, Ty'r-helig OS 1 89 1 , Ty'r-helyg OS 1 904

Ty-hen -(SN 464-553)[ty + hen]; [ti'he:n E. Davies] (cA-57) Bank issa 1 837TMS, Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 , Ty-hen OS 1 982 S ometime between 1 837-91 ( 18371MS; OS1891] a farm was built on this site, where a bam had stood in 1 837, which took the name of Ty-hen, which had originally been on the site ofDre-fain (22-a). Tyncwm -(SN 423-558)(Gofynach) [tyddyn + y + cwm] ; [tm'kum Ll. Jones, t}Il'kum E. & H. Thomas] Tynycwm 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Tynycwm 1 83 7TMS, Ty'n-y-cwm O S 1 891

Ty-newydd -(SN 4 1 4-549)[tY + newydd]; [ti:'newi Ll. Jones, ti'newi E. & H. Thomas] Ty newydd 1 803map J. Singer, Ty newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-newydd OS 1 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 891

Tynfron -(SN 43 1 -521 )[tyddyn + y + bron]; [tm'vr�n Ll. Jones] Tyn y Fron 1 8 1 6PR Llannarth, Tynfron 00S 1 81 1 , Ty'n Fron OOS 1 81 1 {v.l. GMG} , Ty-'r Fron O S 1 834, Ty'n-fron OS 1 891 , Tynfron 1 924-26 CSRLS 48

Tynllain -(SN 463-53 8)[tyddyn + y + llain]; [tm'lajn E. Davies] Tynllain OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty'n-llain OS 1 834, Ty yn y Llain 1 837TMS, Ty'n-llain OS1 89 1 , Tyllain 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p.258, (fpn.) Nancy Tynllain 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 24

Tynparc -(SN 420-568) [tyddyn + y + pare]; [tm'park E. & H. Thomas] 'once called' Tythwyn Park, 'now' Tynypark 1 832 Coedmor MS 265, Tynypark 1 837TMS, Ty'n-y-parc OS 1 89 1 , Tynparc 1 904 J.Evans p.21 5

Tynrhos -(SN 4 1 9-547) [tyddyn + yr + rhos] ; [ti:'hro:s Ll. Jones, ti'hro:s E. Davies, E. & H. Thomas] Tyrrhose 1 798 RJJones MS 20 (GMG), Tyn y Rhos 1 83 7TMS, Tyr Hos-issa 1 877 ECE MS SD55, 1 09, Ty'r-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Ty-rhos inf. E. Davies 389

(22) CAERWEDROS See Dolau-Llethi (22-a) als. Tynrhos-ucha. Tynwaun -(SN 445-543)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ; [tm'wajn E. Davies] Tyn-y-waun O S 1 834, Wayn, Ty yn y Wain 1 837TMS, Tynwaun 1 921 M.Eist.

Waun(i) -(SN 442-51 5)(Rhydlydan)[blaen + y + gwaun];

Blaen-y-waun OS 1 834, Waun OS 1 89 1 , Waun Rhydlydan 1 921 M.Eist., Waun 1 924-26 CSRLS 63

Waun(ii) -(SN 425 - 557)(GofYnach)[y + gwaun] ;

Tir y Skibor als. Wayne Arw ? 1 697/98 D . T.M.Jones MSS vol. 4 p. 762, Waun OS 1 891

Waunlwyd -(SN 469-523)[y + gwaun + llwyd]; Pant-lwyd OS 1 834, Waunlwyd 1 92 1 M.Eist. , Waunlwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Waunlwyd 1 984 Clone n. 23 Weirglod -(SN 446-589)[y + gweirglodd]; [wejrgl;,() E. Davies] Wirglawdfawr 1 78 l rent {v.l. GMG} , Wairglawdd fawr 1 78 l rent, Wairglod fawr 1 8 1 2PR Llannarth, Pentre James (sic nom. ) O S 1 834, Wayn fawr 1 837TMS, Wyrglod OS 1 89 1 , Weirglodd inf E. Davies Wenfron -(SN 428-575)[y + gwen + bron] ; Wenfron OS 1 982 Wem-newydd -(SN 41 5-585)[y + gwem (+ newydd)] ; [plasa'wern Gr. Davies] Y Wem newydd c. 1 693 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.740, Tir y Wern newydd 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Wern newydd 1 7 1 5 Glansevin MSS, Wernnewidd 1 732 Nantgwyllt MSS 1 / 1 2, Werne newith 1 757 CD, Wern 1 760CF, Wern Newidd 1 760map E.Bowen, Wern newydd 1 768PR Llannarth, Wern 1 78 1 rent, Wem newydd 1 803map J.Singer, Wem newydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Wern-newydd OS 1 834, Wern-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Wern Mansion 1 93 3 E.B.Davies p.39, Plas y Wern + Tudor Chalet Park OS1 982 The portion nearer the main road is believed to have been added about 1 670 and the name became 'Wern newydd' [1 987 w. J. Lewis: 46]; or was it named after Wem (21 -a)? Ysgolddu -(SN 442-5 1 4)[ysgol + du] ; [ask;,l'()i:, now brmaw'ebn Ll. Jones] Yskall Ddy 1 622 NA MSS, Ysgall Dduy 1 677 NA MSS, Ysgar Ddu 1 688/89 NA MSS, Ysgall Dduy 1717 NA MS S , Yskar Ddu 1 720 NA MSS, Ysgolddu 1 829PR Capelcynon, Ysgol Ddu OS 1 834, Ysgoldy OS 1 89 1 , Ysgoldy 0Sc. 1 950, Brynawelon 1 98 1 Cardi vol. 1 6 p. 1 2, Brynawelon OS1 982 Ysgol-eglwys Llannarth -(SN 420-575)[ysgol-eglwys + tn. Llannarth (22 a)] ; [ask:>l'eglus E. & H. Thomas, he:n'ask;,l E. Davies] 'r Ysgol Eglwys 'fel y gelwid hi, neu'r' National Schoo/ 1 958 H. G.Davies p. 1 5, Hen Ysgol yr Eglwys inf E. Davies b. c. 1 860 [ 1987 W. J. Lewis: 50] . Ysgol Llannarth -(SN 421 -574)[ysgol + tn. Llannarth (22-a)]; [ar'ask:>l E. Davies] Ysgol Llanarth 1 93 6 LlCCLl p. 1 2, Llanarth C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 b. 1 884 [1 958 H. G. Davies: 1 3; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 51]. Ysgol Mydroulun -(SN 459-55 1 ) [ysgol + tn. Mydroulun (22-a)]; (c) Cae Wydam 'c. 1 820', (c) Cae Cerryg Llwydion 1before 1 876', (c) Cae School Board 'after 1 876\ (c) Cae Gareg Lwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 48, Mydroilyn C.P. 1 967 WLS b. 1 876 (1924-26 CSRLS 48]. Ysgol Penton -(SN 440-597)[ysgol + tn. Penlon(i) (22-a)]; Penlon C. 1 945 WLS, Llwyncelyn C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol Penlon, Ysgol Penlon, Llwyncelyn 1 993 Gambo n. 1 07 Ysguborwen -(SN 458-552)[ysgubor + gwen] ; Scuborwen 1781 rent, Yscubor Wen, Ysgubor Wen 1 837TMS, Ysgubor wen 1 92 1 MEist. middle house ofDrefain [192 1 M.Eist.] . -

geonyms Bane Cerryg-mawr -(SN 434-54 1 ) [banc + y + cerrig + mawr] ; Bane Cerrig mawr 1 997 D.Evans p. 9, ar Fane Rhosgoch fach 1 997 D .Evans p. 79 Refers to standing stones at SN 436-540. Banc-y-ffair -(SN c.423 -578)[banc + y + :ffair]; [bauka'fajr E. & H. Thomas] Bane y Ffair 1 93 3 E.B. Davies p. 37, Bane y Ffair 1 958 H. G.Davies p. 79, ar Fane Ffair Llanarth 1 966 D.I.Jones p. 89, ar fane Ffair Llannarth 1 984 J.RRees p. 63 390

(22) CAERWEDROS On Ce.fnmaesllan land (22-a) [inf. E. & H. Thomas; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 53]. The fairs held here were: Ffair Galan (12/0 1 ) [ 1 958 H. G. Davies: 8; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 53}; Ffair Ddewi (01/03) ( 1 958 H. G. Davies: 8; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 53 ] (see sub Capeldewi(i), 1 4-a); Ffair Haf (06/06) [1958 H. G. Davies: 8; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 53], Ffair Llanarth yr Haf [ 1 977 F. Jones: 45]; Ffair Hydref (22/10) [1958 H. G. Davies: 8; 1 987 W. J. Lewis: 53] ; Ffair Fedi ( 1 1109) [1987 W. J. Lewis: 53-54] (the cottage (csl-22-23) Cae Maesydrej, Maesydra cot (SN 426-577) [ 1 83 7TMS] may be *Maes-y-dref or *Maeshydre - the latter possibly relating to Ffair Hydre). Bancmelyn -(SN 467-546)(banc + melyn] ; (cA-59) Bank Melin 1 837TMS, Pantmelyn, ar Riw Pantmelyn 1 92 1 M.Eist., Pantmelyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 Bancrasys -(SN 422-528)[banc + y + rasys] ; Bane Rasys 1 997 D.Evans p. 9 C£ Pantrasys (14-a). Bane Sion Cwilt -(SN 427-542)[banc + pn. Sion Cwilt]; [baukJo:u'kwrlt Ll. Jones] Bange Ffoes Dhu c. 1 600 in 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. 1 43 , Hills of Synod Funnonddewy (prox.) 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.402, Moel Rhydeinon OOS 1 81 1 , Y Banau Duon 1 86 8 J.Davies p.5, Banau Duon 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 1 2, Banciau Ffosddu 1 875 D.J.Davies p. l 3 , Moel Rhyd-einon OS 1 89 1 , Shon Cwilt 1 897 T.Evans p. 71, Bane Shorr Cwilt c. 1 900 J.D.Jones WFM MS 1 520/ 1 , Bane Sion Cwilt 1 902 Cymru vol.22 p.229, Sion Cwilt 1 902 Cymru vol.22 p.259, Cefen Shorr Cwilt 1 909 H.M.Williams p.45, Bank­ Rhydeiniol 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 29, Mynydd Shon Cwilt 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p.85, ar Gefn Shorr Cwilt 1 9 1 3 H.M.Williams, Y Bannau Duon 1 9 1 8 Geninen vol. 36 p . 73 , Y Bannau Duon, 'neu ar lafar gwlad' Bane Sion Cwilt D.J.Davies 1 930 p.40, Bane Sion Cwilt >1945 T.J. Thomas p. l 3, 'enw cyntefig oedd' Bryn Cwm Einon 1 956 Genhinen vol. 6 p. 1 05, ar Fane Cwm Einon 1 956 Genhinen vol.6 p. 1 07, Bancrhydeinon 1958 H.G.Davies p. 87, Bane Sion Cwilt 1 962 D.E.Rees p.23, dros Fane Rhydeinion 1 997 D.Evans p. 1 2, Y Bane 1 997 D.Evans p. 97 If we can trust the early date of the form Bange c. 1 600 it must be a garbling of bannau rather than bancau (pace the form Banciau Ffosddu of 1 875). The name Bannau-duon is derived from a nearby farm-name Pannau-duon (22-a) which means 'black hollows', and consequently has nothing to do with bannau. Note the alias Bane Rhydeinon (also after a nearby farm) - significantly enough - found as Moel Rhydeinon in 1 8 1 1 ; "Bane cui yn lledu o Groes Blaeneinon ar ddwy ochr y ffordd heibio Samau-gwynion nes cyrraedd Croesffordd y Mownt. " [ 1 956 Genhinen: 6. 1 05 ] ; Croeif.fordd Mownt ar drum Bane Sion Cwilt" [1962 D. E. Rees: 67 ] ; fairies lived here [1868 J. Davies: 5]. The earliest attestation of the personage Sion Cwilt in 1 873, is - peculiarly - when Lara, an Aberaeron ship was renamed Shon Quilt [ 1 972 CN 08/09172] ; for the legends about this personage, see sub Blaencwmpatsh (22-a). It is most likely that the name Cwilt is a variant of the W.-E. sn. Gwilt ( -(-- W. gwyllt), a surname associated with the borderlands of Wales and England [1985 T. J. Morgan & P. Morgan: 1 15-16; 1 996 J. & S. Rowlands: 104]. Caer Rhydlydan -(SN 430-525)[caer + tn. Rhydlydan (22-a)] ; Penygaer 1 926 RE.Bevan p. 6 1 , Gaer Rhydlydan 1 985 Arch.Wales vol.25 p. l 8 11Examination of aerial photographs have led to the rediscovery of an earthwork . . . " [1994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 249]; c£ Tangaer (22-a). Castell - (SN 474- 5 1 4)[castell] ; Castell OOS 1 8 1 1 , Castell (site ot) OS 1 89 1 , Castell 0Sc. 1 950, Earthwork OS 1 982, Castell Moeddyn­ fach 1 994 J.L.Davies & A.H.A.Hogg p. 250 Castell Moud din -(SN 485-5 1 9)[castell + tn. Mouddin (22-a)]; Castelli Moythyn c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. l 32, Castell Moythyn, Moyddyn Mt. 1 760map E.Bowen {v.l. GMG} , Castell Mouddyn, Moyddyn Mountain 1 760map E.Bowen, Castell Moyddin 1 803map J. Singer, Castell Moeddyn 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.233, Castell Moyddyn 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Wenog, Castell Moethyn OS 1 834, Old Camp 1 837TMS, Castell Moeddyn OS 1 89 1 , Castell Moooin 1 90 1 J.Rhys p.245, Castell Moeddyn (Intrenchment) OS1 904, Castell Moyddin 1 92 1 M.Eist., Castell Moeddyn, Settlement OS1 982 Named after Moythyn Gawr [c.l 600 s. D. Rhys: 1 32 ] ; see Mouddin-fawr (22-a). Coed-cefn-cy -(SN 441 -579)[ coed + cefn + y + cy] ; Coed Cefu-Ty OS 1 89 1 The ry refers t o Nouadd (22-a). Coed Pare-bach -(SN 444-577)[ coed + tn. Pare-bach]; 11

391

(22) CAERWEDROS Coed Pare-bach OS 1 89 1 , Coed Pare-bach OS1 982

Coed Parcllyn -(SN 440-576)[coed + tn. Parcllyn] ; Coed Pare Ll"Wyn OS 1 89 1 , Coed Pare-llyn OS1 904

Crugcou -(SN 4 1 9-528)[crug + cau] ; Crug-coe' OS1 834, 'tumulus' Crug Coch 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol 1 p. 479, Crug Coch, Crug Cau 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 1 3, Crug Coy (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , Crug-cou OS 1 904, Cricoi 1 924-26 CSRLS 29, Cruc Cou, Tumulus OS 1 982 Cf Crugcou (22-a). Ffynnondegan -(SN 432-556)[ffynnon + tegan] ; [f�m:m'degan E. Davies] in£ Hwilgarn -(SN 448-5 1 7)[chwil + earn] ; [hwrlgarn E. Davies] Cam Wilgarn OS1 834, Wilgarn OS 1 89 1 , Wilgam OS1 904, Cam Esgairwen (prox. ) 1 937 CAST vol. 1 2 p.32, Whilgam 0Sc. 1 950, Chwilgarn 1 962 D.E.Rees p. 30, Whilgam, Cairn 08 1 982 Lonfain -(SN 444-590 � 466-593)[lon + main] ; Lon Fain 1 993 leaflet Pont-y-ddOI -(SN 443-597)[pont + y + dol ?] ; Bontydol 1 837TMS Pont Rhyd -(SN 438-593)[pont + tn. Rhyd (22-a)]; Pontrhyd OS 1 982 b. 1 93 5 [ 1978 CER: 8.349]; sometime in the 1 970s if not early 1 980s, the old Pont Rhyd was covered by the earthworks of a new causeway which carried the new widened road [inf] . Prencroes Castell -(SN 42-58)[pren + croes + tn. Castell[geifr] (22-a)] ; [pegkr:ls 1 800 [ 1 851 Rel cens. : 521 ) ; b. 1 8 1 5, en1. 1 835, 1 86 1 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 1 1 9] . Castell -(SN 550-526) [castell]; Castell OS 1 891 No apparent remains of fortifications. Castelldreinog -(SN 526-533)[ castell + dreiniog] ; [kastd, kastcl'drejn:lg fully M Thomas] Castell Drinog 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Castle Drainogg als. Tir Pen y Castell 1 727 Peterwell MS 14, Castle Drainog 1 753 Peterwell MS 43/44 (GMG), Castell Drainog 1 767sur p.24 1 , Castell Draynog 1 787 Peterwell MSS, Castell p_ m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Castell OS1 834, Castell-Draenog 1 839TMS, Castell-draenog OS1 89 1 No apparent remains o f fortifications; cf the place named Castelldraenog (Canns.): "It is probable that the correct spelling is drainog meaning thorny. " [ 1 987 F. Jones: 24] . Castellhywel -(SN 5 1 2-559)[tn Castellhywel (14-a)] ; Castell-hywel OS 1 891 Castle Green -(SN 535-543)[E. castle + green]; Castle Green OS1 891 Refers to Castell Cymerau (25-b). Cefnbys-fach -(SN 567-537)[cefn + bys (+ bach)] ; [kevembi:s'va:x T. Parry] Cefn Bys fach, Ceven Bys bach 1 839TMS, Cefn-bys-bach OS1 891 , Cefnbys fach 1 904 D. Jenkins lvii Cefnbys-fawr -(SN (ii)567-534)[cefn + bys (+ mawr)]; [kevem'bi:s T. Parry] Tir Keven Bys als. Tir Keven [ ] ucha 1 63 1 Pengelli MSS, Tir Keven Bis 1 669 Pengelli MSS, Tir Keven y Bys als. Tir Keven y Bys ycha 1 704 Pengelli MS S, Ceven Bys 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Keven Bys 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Kevenbys 1 81 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Cefu Bys OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefu-bys OS1 834, Ceven Bys, Cefn Bys (i) 1 839TMS, Cefn-bys-mawr OS 1 891 i) SN 568-533. 1 839. ii) SN 567-534. 1 891 . The term bys 'fmger' - if this is its meaning - is found as a hydronym in Bys (Llandinam, Monts.) [ 1 985 G. G. Evans: 86] and Bis (Llangwm, Mons.) [c. 1 140 LL: 174] , so that bys in Cefobys may be interpreted as a hydronym. Cefn Ystrad -(SN 521 -5 58)[cefn + tn. Ystrad (25-a)] ; Ceven Ystrad 1 7 1 6PR Trefllan, Keven Ystrad 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Cefynystrad OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefen Ystrad 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Cefu Ystrad OS 1 834, Cefn-ystrad OS 1 891 Celli-Aeron -(SN 560-559)[celli + hn. Aeron] ; [gcli'ejr:ln B. Jones] Gelli-Aeron OS 1 891 Celli-glo -(SN 550-560)[celli + yr + glo]; [gcli'glo: B. Jones] Tir Dan Alit y Gigvraen 1 649 Llanllyr MSS, Tyr Dan yr Alt y Gigvrach 1 674/75 Llanll}'r MSS, Gelly yr Gloe als. Tir Lan Allt y Gigfrane 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Gelli Glo 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, 'Celli-glo OS1 834, Ty'r Ffynnon, Tyr y Fynon ? 1 83 9TMS, (c) Gellyclo (land above road) 1 839TMS, Gelli-glo OS 1 89 1 , Gelliglo 1 904 J.Evans p.67 In ruins (OS1 904) . Celli-gwefiWch -(SN 529-537)[celli + *gwefrwch ? ]; [gcli, gcli'gwevrox fully M Thomas, gelli gwefrwch 1 948 GMG p. 220, gcli,gwevr�'hru:x N. Davies] Gelly Gwefrwch 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Gelly 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Gelly Gwefrwch 1 767sur p. 240, Gelly Gwefrwth 1 773 Crosswood MSS , Gelly OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gelly Whefrwth 1 81 5 Falcondale MS 230 (GMG), Gelli OS 1 834, Gelli-gwefrwch OS 1 904 The second element in this name seems to contain the term gwefr 'amber', which developed to 'thrill, shiver, agitation' the usual meaning of present-day Welsh. It is seems likely that gwefr was also used as an adjective, for a golden or shining colour similar to amber, as qualifier to water, cf the hydronyms OW. Guefrduur [ c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 59] , and - with the variant form *chwefr - Hwefri (Brees.). This could explain the -wch in Celli-gwefrwch as the substantive suffix -wch added to adjectives (cf tywyllwch, duwch etc.). The significance of 'grove of the amberness' as the explanation of Celli-gwefrwch is unclear to say the least, unless the element Gwefrwch was the name of a stream, i. e. Nant Cymerau (d). However, all of this 418

(25) MEBWYNION remains a highly tentative attempt at explanation, since the noun

*gwefnvch

is not otherwise attested.

Another attempt to explain gwefnvch relies on the term hwch 'sow', but this smacks of popular etymology as can be seen in the interpretation contained in one of the informants' forms (though R J. Thomas xxii] suggested it contained the word

hwch,

[1938:

and might be connected to the hunting of the Twrch Trwyth,

cf sub

Cilenvysg (25-a), Gartheli, 35-a). The forms written -wth are probably a misreading of -wch, and [ 1 948: 220] compares the dialectal variation of dethe deche for deau, but the variation between and is here in a medial position. The form Whefnvth of 1 8 1 5 is the sole though G. M. Griffiths

�

example, and attested rather late, but remains tantalising in view of the known variation in some Brittonic words between and

. Cenel Ystrad -(SN 525- 560)[cenel + tn. Ystrad (25-a)L

[kenel N. Davies]

Cenel 1 876 Ystrad SF, Kenel Ystrad 1 880 Ystrad SF, Maes y Deri (sign) This was a kennel to the Gogerddan (72-a) hounds [1904 D. Jenkins: Cilerwysg -(SN 564-542)[cil + ? ] ; [krl'erwisk A Davies]

lix] .

En6ysc Ri6 1 300V:z(c. 1 400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p. 3 30, Tir Kyl Erwisk vach 1 649 Llanllyr MSS , Tyr Kyll Erwist vach 1 65 6 LlanllYr MSS , Tyr Killer Wiske vach 1 674/75 Llanll)'r MSS , Kilerwis ycha, Kilerwys ycha 1 680 Crosswood MS S, Killerwysg 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Kilerwisg 1 760CF, Kilerwisk 1 760CF {v.l. GMG} , Cilerwisg 1 796 Llanll)'r MSS (GMG), Cil Erwysg 1 799 Llanll)'r MS S (GMG), Cil-erwysg 1 799sur map, Cilerwise OOS 1 8 1 9, yng Nghilaerwysg 1 869 B. Williams p. 1 88, Cil-ar­ wysg OS 1 89 1 , Kilerwisk 1 83 9TMS, Cil-erwysg OS 1 904, Cilarwisg 1 93 6 D. Jenkins p. 5 8, a Chilyrwisc 1 946 T.Beynon p . 5 1

cil + ar + hn. Wysg, see sub Nant Cwmcafo (d). It must be remembered R J. Thomas's oldest documented form [ 1 938: 45 ] was that of 1 680 when he concluded " . . . nid yw'r elfen erJ;!YS ond ffurf gyfochrog ag erchwys 'cWn hela', P.K.M . Ai hela'r Twrch Trwyth a goffeir yma yn

For the its false interpretation as that

Dolau, 36-a) has been confirmed, and hn. Henwysg (ST 05-91 , Llanwynno, Glams.), the connection of MW. enwysc to MnW. envysg is problematic, as there appears to be no regular way in which the medial could have become ; the enwysc is reminiscent ofRhiwamwisg (18-b). Cilfachfran -(SN 5 63-55 l ) [cilfach + y + bran] ; [g dvaz'vra:n N. Davies, B. Jones] yr un ardal a Gartheli?" The

of the earliest form (a place near

whilst this can be compared to the

Kilvach y Vran (Vren) 1 560 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Kilvach i (y) Bren 1 577rent (GMG), Kilvach y Bren (Brin) 1 577(c. 1 598)rent (GMG), Kilvach y Vran 1 6 1 8-1 9rent, Killvach y Vran 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Cilvach y Vrane 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS , Cilfach y Fran 1 768rent Crosswood, Gilfach-y-fran O S 1 834, Gil Fach y Fran, Cilfach y Fran 1 839TMS, Gilfachfran 1 904 J.Evans p. 370 Was this named in opposition to Allt-y-gig/ran (25-b)? Cilfachweddog -(SN 5 28-548)[cilfach + pn. Gwyddog ?]; [gilvaz M.

Thomas]

Kilwyddog 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Chilowddog 1 746 Edwinsford MSS , Cilweddog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gilfach Weddog OS 1 834, Celwyddog als. Cilfachwyddog, Cilwyddog 1 83 9TMS, Gilfach-weddog O S 1 891 This name hardly means 'woody nook' (W.

gwyddog)

as there should not be lenition of the adjective

gweddog (� gwedd) [ 1 948 G. M. Griffiths: 221 ] ftt the bill. This is more likely to be a pn. Gwyddog which is sometimes apt to lenite, cf Cil.fYwyr (Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 385-86]; see sub Hirfaen Gwyddog (30-b). The form of 17 46 could be used to argue for Llywddog being the personal-name, but it stands out from all the other forms, and is most following the masculine noun

cil.

For the same reason neither does

likely an accidental from The form of 1 83 9 seems to show an understandable though pejorative popular etymology equating the place-name with the adjective

Clawddmoel -(SN 53 1 -53 1 ) [clawdd + moel] ; [klaw'mo:l M.

celwyddog 'lying'.

Thomas, E. M. Hughes, klaw�'mo:l N. Davies]

Clawddmoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clawdd Mole 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS S (GMG), Clawdd-moel O S 1 834, Clawdd Mael 1 83 9TMS, Clawdd-moel OS 1 891 , Clawdd Mol 1 902 Y strad SF

Clock Inn -(SN 520- 5 1 2)[E.

clock + inn] ;

[kbk'm, manaz'armz M

Thomas]

Watchmaker's Arms 1 83 9TMS, Mynach Arms (P. H. ) O S 1 89 1 , The Clock Inn 1 905 G. E. Evans p. 1 30, Tafarn y Mynach (Monk's Tavern) (sic) 1 99 1 M ap Dafydd p. l 3 The name o f this inn refers t o the rather special craft o f clockmaking practised i n Cribyn by Evan Evans (1782-1 864)

[ 1 975 I. c. Peate: 410 ] .

The newer alias was named after the nearby stream

does not refer to a monk.

Clunglas -(SN

5 1 3-526) [clun + glas] ; [klDJ'gla:s M. Thomas]

4 19

called Mynach,

and

(25) MEBWYNION Clynglas 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Clynglase 1 760CF, Clinglas 1 79 1 sur map, Clun-glas OS 1 834, Clyn Glas, Clyn Glas 1 83 9TMS, Clyn-glas OS 1 89 1

Clunllwyd

-(SN 525-5 1 7) [clun + llwyd] ;

Clyn Llwyd 1 83 9TMS, Clyn-ll'Wyd O S 1 891

Clwydsiac -(SN 528-562)[clwyd + pn.

Siac];

[l;)jd'3ak Ll.

Griffiths,

loidjac

1 948 GMG p. 224]

Klwt Siak c. 1 569 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p. 897, o Glwyd Siack c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, o Gloyd S iack c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5 , Glwyd Siach c. 1 600 L. Dwnn vol. 1 p. 39, Llwyd Siack c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Llwyd Siack c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 80, Clwyd S iack 1 602 G. Owen vol. 4 p. 467, Clwyd Jack 1 6 1 9 CD 27, Cloyd Jack 1 665 Kyle MSS, Llwyd Jack 1 679-80 Cilgwyn I MSS, Lloyd Jack 1 682 Cilgwyn I MS S ( GMG), Lloyd Sach c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Llwyd Jack 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Lloyd Jack 1 727 Aberglasney MS 1 1 2, Llwyd Jack, Tir Griffith Powell als. Tyr Llwyd Jack 1 746 Edwinsford MSS , Cludiack 1 747 R Evans M S 1 98 (GMG), Llwyd lack 1 760map E.Bowen, Llwyd Sack 1 760map E.Bowen {v.l. GMG} , Llwyd Sack 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Argoed Llwydsiac 1 803map J. Singer,

Llwyd Jack 1 806 Coleman MS 1 ,46 1 , Llwyd-siac 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 24 1 , Llwydjack 1 8 1 8 R Evans MS S, Lloyd Jack OOS 1 8 1 9, Lloyd Jack (Welsh text) 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. 69, Lloyd Jack O S 1 834, Lloydjac 1 936 D. Jenkins p . 6 1 One can only surmise that the original clwyd 'hurdle, gate' was changed t o of the family who lived there, indicates,"

[ 1813 G . Nicholson: 1 0],

"Llwyd-siac,

llwyd 'grey' a s it was a surname

was formerly the residence of the Lloyds, as its name

a certain D. Lloyd lived here as early as 1 727

[ 1727 Aberglasney MS 1 12 ] ,

but

the form with Llwyd Siack is found twice by L. Dwnn c. 1 600, unless this is attributable to the nineteenth­ century editors of his manuscripts. However, there is no doubt that by the late seventeenth century had replaced

clwt

clwyd.

The earliest form of all might even show

'slice, slang'. Though the house had been a

decayed, and

mans ion

llwyd

be a reinterpretation of an original

in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it

[ 1 813 G. Nicholson: 10]. It is the fact that it had been a mansion that probably accounts for the prevalence of the anglicised forrn Loyd-Jac in local Welsh. Clytau-ceimon -(SN (ii)525-52 1 ) [clytiau + ceirnion] ; [kl�te, khte M Thomas] 11 • • •

now almost in ruins.

clwyd to

11

Clytte Ceimon 1 6 1 8-1 9rent. , Klytte Keymon 1 63 4 Cross wood MSS , Clyttieu Chimion, Clytiau Chimion 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Clutte Kymon 1 71 8 Peterwell MS 9, Cluttie Ceimon issa + ycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Cluttie 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS S (GMG), Clyttu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cletau O S 1 834, Clytte Ceimon, Clitte Caimon

(i) 1 839TMS,

Clyte 1 84 1 cens. , Clytiau (ii) OS 1 89 1 , Clytau (ii) O S 1 904, Clyddau OS 1 982

i) SN 522-522. 1 83 9.

Clyte bach [ 1 84lcens. ] , kl�te'ba:z 'lower than Clytau'

[inf

E. M. Hughes] .

ii) SN 525-521 . 1 89 1 .

Clytau-rhos

-(SN 53 1 -5 1 7) [clytiau + yr + rhos] ;

[hro:s'mownt M.

Thomas,

hro:s�'mownt E.

M Hughes]

Clitte Rhos, Clytte Rhos 1 83 9TMS, Rose Mount O S 1 891

Cnwcynhenri - (SN 5 5 8- 5 3 8)[cnycyn + pn.

Henri};

[Cc) ka·,knukm'hendri T.

Parry]

Bane OS 1 83 4, o Gnwcyn Henryd >1 895 in 1 904 D . Jenkins p.4, Cnwcyn Henryd 1 904 D. Jenkins viii

Coed-y-glyn

-(SN 533-536)[coed + y + glyn] ;

Coedyglyn OS 1 982

Cop Felin-fach

-(SN 527-560)[£. co-op[erative] + tn. Felin-fach (25-a)] ;

[k;lp,vehn'va:z N.

Davies, Ll. Griffiths]

Warehouse OS 1 982, Amaethwyr Ceredigion Cyf. (sign)

Cornish -(SN 540-527)[E.n.

Cornish ?];

[k:>rmi T.

Parry]

Bryn-glas O S 1 89 1 , Cornish >1 895 in 1 904 D. Jenkins p.4, Bryn-gias OS 1 904, Cornis 1 957 WGaz. 3 1 /0 1/57 There was a house called

Cornish

near Holyhead

(Angl.) [ 1 989 E. R. Owens:

l lO] . I was unable to ascertain

the palatalisation of the fmal which I heard pronounced only once, unless it is a misprint, the spelling of 1 95 7 is wholly credible, cf CRIBYN -(SN 522- 5 1 0)[cribyn] ;

Castelljjlemis (33-b), Esgairinglis (16-a). [kri·bin N. Davies, kribin, kr1bm'farm M. Thomas]

Cribyn B ettws 1 792 in 1 905 G.E. Evans p. 54, Cribyn Clottas 1 803map J. Singer, Cribin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cribin 1 8 1 3PR Llanwnnen, Crybin 1 8 1 5PR Llanwnnen, Cribin Clotas 1 820PR Llanwnnen, Crybin 1 824PR Llanwnnen, o'r Lletty Cnaf 1 824 D. Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. 36, Cribb Inn 1 825PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cribyn O S 1 834, Criben 1 839TMS, Crybyn 1 849 M.Richardson MSS p.270, Crybin 1 88 1 Crosswood Add MS S, Cribin Clottas, Cribin-y-Clottas >1 895 in 1 904 D. Jenkins p. 1 2, Cribin c. 1 902 E.R Horsfall­ Turner p.225,

Y

Cribin 1 904 D. Jenkins xiv, a'r Cribin 1 904 D. Jenkins lxiii, Llety'r Cnaf 'changed name to'

420

(25) MEBWYNION Cribyn Farm 1 962 Ymofynydd vol.62 p. 1 5, o'r Cribyn 1 963 D.RDavies p.45, Stordy, 'afterwards' Cribyn Farm 1 977 W.D .Llewelyn p. 68

It is unclear whether the name originally referred to this place or to the fortifications of Cribynclotas (25b) 1 . 5km to the NE, and this poses an added difficulty for the interpretation of this place-name. Whichever was the original Cribynclotas, it is certain that the original name of the fort was Gaeifoel which survives as the name of the adjacent farm. It is said that the oldest house in Cribyn, which was called bor�, stood on the site of the pumping station at SN 522-509, some 75m ssw of Three-horseshoe (25-a) [inf M. Thomas] . This may be a candidate for the original Cribyn, though another, better candidate may be the farm known as Cribyn Farm, which had been in ruins [inf. M. Thomas] . It would seem that this had been known as Llety'rcnaf, but its name was changed to Cribyn Farm about 1 8 1 0 by a shopkeeper named Timothy Davies [1962 Ymof)rnydd: 62.1 5]; cf the unlocated Ffynnoncnaf (Clydai) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 379]. The name Cribyn was certainly established for the area of the village at the time of establishment of the Unitarian chapel here in 1 790, see sub Capelcribyn (25-a). W. D. Llewellyn [ 1 977: 1] considers two explanations : 1 ) crib + E. inn� 2) W. cribyn. The first explanation of the name, through the term crib + E. inn seems to have been the local traditional explanation, and is seemingly found in the spelling Cribb Inn of 1 825. It was said to be the name of an inn for the workers of the woollen factory, the crib being the 'carding comb' or 'wool-card' used by these workers. The site of the inn was even shown to me at about SN 5 2 1 3 - 5 1 08 [inf. M. Thomas] . I suspect this to be a popular etymology - cf the place called Y Crib-e (prox. SH 67-43, Abennangoed, Caeo, Carms.) also said to be connected with a woollen factory [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 1 25] - a suspicion reinforced by the discordant semantic effect of the sequence W. crib 'carding comb' + E. inn + W. clotas 'clods'. The second explanation through W. crib 'crest' - either the derivative cribyn, or possibly cribin does seem likelier, but the usual sense of crib and its derivatives in toponymy is '(narrow-) ridge', and this does not seem to suit either the fortifications of Cribynclotas or the immediate environs of Cribyn. It is noteworthy that the name seems to contain the masculine cribyn rather than the feminine cribin, which is almost the only form attested in Cardiganshire toponymy when referring to '(narrow-)ridges'. There are two other Cribyn - alias Cribynclotas - in Cardiganshire (9-a; 1 8-a) attested respectively in 1 787, and in 1 8 1 1 , neither of which is near a topographical '(narrow-)ridge'. As there cannot have been any conceivable reason for either name to have emulated the name of the Cribyn of Ystrad parish until the chapel was established here in 1 790, it is well nigh impossible for the Cribynclotas -

attested in 1 787 to have been an emulated name, and must therefore be an independent name. Once we have established to our satisfaction that there exist at least three independent places named

Cribynclotas,

none of which are obviously in the environs of a topographical 'narrow-ridge', we are led to suspect that

cribyn

in these names does not refer to the land, but to another common meaning of cribyn, viz 'ridge (of

As the term clotas 'clods, sods, turves' can be a building material, this reinforces our suspicion cribyn may have a reference to architecture. There is at least one known example of a traditional Welsh house whose roof was covered with sod [ 1944 I. c. Peate: 122-24], and a late medieval reference to to tyweirch 'sod roof equating this with a house of the poor [ 1 944 I. c. Peate: 39] , but it is likelier that Cribynclotas refers to a roof thatched with rushes (a poorer thatching material than straw), whose ridge was formed of sods upon which grass grew, a type of roof attested in Radnorshire and Denbighshire [ 1 944 I. c. Peate: 92, 1 76] (the ridge of sods appears to have been a replacement for the common twined rope­ thatch that secured the ridge of thatched roofs [ 1944 I. c. Peate: plates 1 1-15, 1 7, 37, 85]). H. Evans [ 1 93 1 : 71] a roof)'.

that

describes the inhabitants o f the Cerrig-y-drudion area i n Denbighshire using the open mountainland as a place for gathering rushes, bullrushes, and roof-ridge turves ("brwyn, llafrwyn a thywyrch trum") being an synonym of cribyn. In all likelihood, it seems that the phrase

Cribynclotas referred to

trum

a style of

roof considered inferior or shoddy, and was probably associated pejoratively with houses built by poorer people. The pejorative force of (bn.

Cerngoch)

clotas

'clods, turves' was still in force in the time of the poet J. Jenkins

( 1 824-95) who wrote: " Gynt 'Cribyn-y-clottas ! ' - mae heddyw'n anaddas,

ddi:flas ar ddinas fel hon. "

[>1 895 in 1 904 D. Jenkins: 1 2] �

I ac enw rhy

for a list and map of all the houses and farms in

Cribyn see 1 977 W. D. Llewelyn. Comprising: 1 ) Bro-Silin, 2) Bwlchgwynt, 3) Cae-hir Nel, 4) Cae-hir Nel, 5) Capel Cribyn, 6) Clock Inn, 7) Eglwys-fuch Cribyn, 8) Maes-y-deri, 9) Pontstyf)rn, 10) Pwll-y-hwil, 1 1 ) Tangaer, 1 2) Tanlan, 13) Three-horseshoe, 14) Troedrhiwfallen, 1 5) TY­ newydd(ii), 16) Ysgol Cribyn. Cross Inn -(SN 545- 5 54)[E. cross + inn] � [kr�s'm N. Davies, B. Jones] Cross Inn 1 83 9TMS, Cross Inn 08 1 89 1 , Crosin 1 898 Ystrad SF, Cross Inn Farm 081 904

Cwarre-isa

-(SN 567- 5 5 1 )[cwarre (+ isaf)] �

[kware N.

Davies,

42 1

kware'i.fa, d�j'gware (coll.

desc.) T. Parry]

(25) MEBWYNION Cwarau 1 84 1 cens., Pen Cware bach ? 1 904 D.Jenkins lv, Cwarel-isaf OS1 982 Cwarre-ucha -(SN 566-540)[cwarre (+ uchaf)] ; [kware'axa T. Parry] inf Cwmandy -(SN 541 -5 5 1)[*cymandy ? ]; [kmn'andi N. Davies, B. Jones] Cwmandy 1 841 cens., Cwmandu, Cwmandy 1 875 Ystrad SF, Cwm-hendy OS1 89 1 , a Chwmaendy 1977 Llais Aeron n. 5, Genau'rglyn (sign) The most likely explanation for this name is that it contains the word cyman 'assembly', and represents an unattested but feasible construction *cymandy meaning 'assembly house' (cf Cymanjjmydd, 47-a). This, possibly, originally being an assembly house for the tenants of Llanllyr nunnery (some 900m away). It makes sense that a nunnery, more so than a monastery, would not encourage the predominantly male tenants of their lands to enter the convent. For the change of a pre-stress kam'- to kum'-, cf. Cymerau (25-a), and in fact Cymanjjmydd (47-a) seems to show this very development in the sixteenth century, viz. Kwmman Vynidd 1648, Cumanvinidh 1 656. For the lack of affection of cyman after tj), cf. clafdy, pandy, mynachdy. This reanalysis would have been aided by the commonness of cwm 'valley, dingle' as a place­ name element, and is backed by a little dingle. However the forms of this name are too late to enable a fmal judgement on this etymology, forms showing rather than , from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century sources would be needed for that. Cwmbedw -(SN 552-547)[cwm + bedw]; Cwm-bedw OS1 89 1 Cwmcafn-fach -(SN 5 5 1 -549)[cwm + y + cafn (+ bach)] ; [kmn,kavan'va:x B . Jones] Cwm Cavan fach 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Cwm Carfan fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-cafan-fach OS1 834, Cwmcavan vach 1 834PR Nantgwnllau, Cwm-cafn-fiich OS 1 891 Cwmcafn-fawr -(SN 5 5 5-548)[cwm + y + cafn (+ mawr)t Cwm y Cauan 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Tir Cwm y Cavan issa 1 747 Pengelli MSS, Cwmcavan 1 760CF, Cwm Cafan 1 799sur map Llanllyr MSS, Cwm Carfan fawr OOS 1 8 1 9 {v.l. GMG} , Cwm Carfon fawr OS 1 81 9, Cwm Cafan fawr OS 1 834, Cwm Cafn fawr 1 839TMS This site was obliterated with the building of the railway line between Sulian and Aberaeron in 1 906, but it was already inexistent [OSI 891]. The cafn probably alludes to the shape of the valley. Cwmcafn-ganoi -(SN 552-549) [cwm + y + cafn (+ canol)] ; [kmn,ka·van'gan:ll B. Jones] Cwm Cafn ganol, Cwm Cafan genol 1 839TMS, Cwm-cafn-ganol OS 1 891 Cwmcafn-ucha -(SN 555-547)[cwm + y + cafn (+ uchaf)] ; [kum,ka·van'axa B. Jones, kum'kavan N. Davies, cwm cafan 1 948 GMG p.2 1 6] Tir Cwm y Cavan ycha 1 747 Pengelli MSS, Cwrn Cafan ucha, Cwm Cafn ucha 1 83 9TMS, Cwm-cafn OS 1 89 1 , Cwmcafan 1 904 D.Jenkins liv, (pn.) Dai Cwmcafan 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 1 0 Cwmclyd -(SN 535-540)[cwm + clyd]; [kmn'kli:d N . Davies] Cwmclyd 1 841 cens. , Cwm Clyd 1 875 Ystrad SF, Cwm Clyd, (pn.) Ifi'r Cwm 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 5 Cwmgerwyn -(SN 5 1 2-561)[cwm + y + cerwyn]; Cwmgerwn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmgerwn OS1 834, Cwmgerwn 1 839TMS, Cwm Gerwn 1 841 cens. Cwmllydan -(SN 5 19-537)[cwm + llydan]; [kum'bdan M. Thomas] Cwm-llydan 1 685 CD 75, Cwm Llydan 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Clin Llydan (sic) 1 79 1 sur map, Cwm Llydan 1 820PR Ciliau-Aeron, Cwm-llydan OS1 891 Cf Neuaddlydan (25-a). Cwmrodyn -(SN 550-552)[cwm + yr + odyn] ; [kum'r:1dm B. Jones] Cwm-yr-odyn OS1 89 1 , Cwm'rodyn 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 1 03, o Gwrnrodyn 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 59 Cwmpoeth -(SN 535-509)[cwm + poeth]; [kum'po:e M. Thomas] Gwmpoth 1 81 9PR Llanwnnen, Cwm-poeth OS1 834, Cwmpoth 1 841 cens., Cwm-poeth OS 1 891 Cwmsgawen -(SN 545-542)[cwm + ysgawen]; [kum'skawen N. Davies] Cwmyscawen 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Cwmys Kawen 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Cwm Yseawen 1 799sur map Llanllyr, Cwm-ysgawen OS 1 834, Cwmyscawen 1 83 9TMS, Cwm-ysgawen OS1 891 Cymerau-isa -(SN 534-545)[ cymerau (+ isaf)]; [ku'mere E. M. Hughes, cwmere 1 948 GMG p.2 1 6] Cwmmere issa 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Cwmere 1 720PR Trefilan, Cwrnmere 1 773 Crosswood MSS, Cwmere 1 809 NLW MS 6 1 2 (GMG), Cwmrnary OOS1 8 1 1 , Cwm Mary OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm'-merau OS1 834, Cwmere 1 835PR Nantgwnllau, Cymmerau-isaf (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Cwmere-isaf OS1 904, Cwmere 0Sc. 1 950 422

(25) MEBWYNION Cf Cymerau (76-a, 78-a), Rhydcymerau (Carms.). Cymerau-ucha -(SN 534-544)[cymerau (+ uchaf)] ; Cwmere ycha 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Cummere ycha 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Cymmerau ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Blaencwmmary OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cymmerau-uchaf(sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Cwmere-uchaf OS 1 904 DOibont -(SN 5 59-563)[dol + y + pont]� [do·l'b:mt B. Jones] Dol y Bont 1 83 9TMS, Dol-bont OS 1 891 Dolboudy -(SN 529- 5 5 1 )[dol + y + beudy]� [d�l'b�jdi N. Davies] Dolyboydy 1 841 cens., Dol-beudy OS 1 89 1 Dolfrydi -(SN 530-548)[dol + ? L [d�l'vr;}di, dol'vr;}di N . Davies, dolfridi 1 948 GMG p.2 1 7] Dol Vridi 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Dolebrydy 1 773 Crosswood MSS, Dolferdy, Dolfridy 1 839TMS, Dolfrydy 1 841 cens. , Dol Fridi OS 1 89 1 The second element i s difficult, and whilst we are in an anomalous [;}] dialect it is unlikely that -vr;}di represents * -fridi the balance of probabilities is that it represents -frydi (the realisation of as [;}] is a development that has not become general in Cardiganshire Welsh, and tends to be found mostly before [r] or unvoiced consonants). Locally it is supposed to be a hydronym, av�n'vr;}di [inf. N. Davies], either refering to Nant Cymerau or the small tributary descending from Gilfachweddog (25-a). However, we cannot rule out the possibility that the river-name was extracted from this place-name. G. M. Griffiths [1948: 2 17] supposed - following Gw. Morris-Jones [ 1 926: 27] explanation of Bridi(n) (Angl.) - that it was a Welsh form of the I.fpn. Bridi, cf Gylla Brydi � I. Gill Brigte!Brigti [ 1 904 F. Seebohm: app.41], which though feasible, seems very unlikely. If as in the case of a number of place-names, a final has been elided, we might compare Cilfridyn (SN 35-27, Cynwyl Elfed, Carms.) - Cilfridyn being in an anomalous //i// area, may feasibly represent *Cilfrydyn. A name with a similar looking element in the parish of Llanrhian (Pembs.) is the unlocated Trejbredye 1 5 1 3 , which is later found as Trebredith 1 605, Trebridith 1 637 (possibly a hypercorrective addition of final [ -{)], which subsequently became reanalysed as Tremeredith 1 658) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 238-39]. The form of this name is suspiciously similar to the name of the neighbouring parish of Breudeth, containing final [-8] which does not regularly elide, though compare the English form Brawdy [ 1992 PN Pembs: 198] . There also appears to have been in nineteenth-century Cardiganshire a f.pn. Bridi (Llandre) [ 1 916 D. Thomas: 5 9], apparently a hypocoristic form of Bridget, which in earlier times was Britsierd in Cardiganshire Welsh, see sub Pitsierd (1-a). Dwyryd -(SN 526-525)[dwy + rhydL [dojnd M Thomas] Dwyryd 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.29, Dwyryd OS 1 982 See Rhydfudr-fach (25-a). Eglwys-fach Cribyn -(SN (i)521 -5 1 2)[eglwys-fach + tn. Cribyn (25-a)]; [(ar),eglos'va:z (i), eglus,newJ{)'knbm (ii), eglus'kribin M. Thomas] 'schoolhouse' Capel Beynon 1 849 MRichardson MSS p.270, Capel Beynon 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 521, Church (Chapel of Ease) OS1 89 1 , Eglwys newidd Cribin (ii) 1 894 Ystrad SF, The Mission Chapel at Cribyn (ii) 1 903 G.E.Evans p. l 1 5, Sun. Sch. (i), Church (ii) OS 1 904, Eglwys Fach, Cribyn (ii) 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.43, Yr Eglwys fach (ii) 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.46, Eglwys fach (i) 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p. 68, Eglwys Sant Silin (ii) 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.66, Ch (ii) OS 1 982, Eglwys Cribyn, Cribyn Church (i) 1 990 Lampeter Photographs p. 1 22 i) SN 521-5 1 2. 1 847. Endowed in the will of a certain Jenkin Beynon, Llaethliw (46-a) [ 1 849 M. Richardson MSS: 270]� first licensed in 1 847, chapel of ease ( 1 851Rel cens.: 521 ]; reb. 1 878 ( 1990 Lampeter Photographs: 122]. Became a vestry after the second chapel was built. ii) SN 520-5 1 3. b. 1 894 as chapel-of-ease [1894 Ystrad SF; 1 980 Llais Aeron: 29] . Fedw -(SN 559-548)[y + bedw] � Fedw 1 839TMS, Vedw 1 876 Ystrad SF Felindre-fach -(SN 549-555)[melin + tref (+ bach)] ; [vel,mdre'va:z N. Davies, B. Jones] Tir y Velindre vach 1 649 Llanll)'r MSS, Tyr y Velindoe vack 1 656 Llanll)'r MSS, Velindre vach 1 656-68 Llanllyr MSS, Tir bachy Velindre 1 680 LlanllY"r MSS, Velindre vach ? 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Tyr bach Velindre 1 720 Llanll)'r MSS, Cae r Cwm cottage 1 799sur map Llanllyr, Cae Cwm 1 839TMS, Velindre Cottage 1 837PR Nantgwnllau, Felindre-fiich OS1 89 1 Felindre-isa -(SN 549-556)(y + melin + tref (+ isaf)]; [vel,mdre'iJa B. Jones]

423

(25) MEBWYNION Vellendre yssa 1 656-68 Llanll)'r MSS, Tre Llanerth als. Velindre issa 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Trelanorth als. Velindre issa 1 75 3 Peterwell MS 44, Trellaneth als. Velindre 1 772 BRA ( 1 968) MSS p. 1 4, Velindre issa 1 799sur map Llanll)'r, Felindre-isaf OS 1 89 1

Felindre-ucha -(SN 550-5 55) [y + melin + tref (+ uchaf)] ; [vel,mdre'vowr N . Davies, vel,mdre';}x,a B . Jones] Melindref 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p. 8 1 , Melyndref 1 30 1-02 ARCWW p . 67, Velindref 1 3 02-03 rent ns. 7-8, Mellendreve 1 3 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. 1 0 p. 1 50 , Velindre ycha 1 649 Llanll)'r MSS , Tir y Velindre ycha 1 649 Llanll)'r MSS , Tyr y Velindoe ycha 1 656 Llanllyr MSS, The Two Velindres 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Velindra 1 760map E. Bowen, Velindre 1 768 Llanll)'r MSS, Velindre ycha 1 799sur map Llanll)'r, Felindre 1 803map J. Singer, Melindre OOS 1 8 1 9, Felindre OS 1 834, Velindre ucha, Velindre uchaf 1 83 9TMS, Felindre-uchaf 0S 1 89 1 , Y Fileindre (sic) 1 93 6 D. Jenkins p. 60 FELIN-FACH -(SN 5 3 0-557) [y + melin + bach] ;

[vehn'va:x,, pentre'velm, (c) do:l;}'velm (prox.) N.

Davies]

Y Velin Ystrad als. Y Velin vach 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Felin fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , 'Felin fach OS 1 83 4, Felyn fach 1 83 9TMS, Felin-fach-ystrad OS 1 891 , Felin-rach, Com Mill (Dis.) OS 1 904 Felin-fiich, Mill (Dis) 0Sc. 1 95 0, Felin-fach OS 1 982 The

-fach may be in opposition to Melin Llanllyr (25-a), 1 .4krn to the E. This name spread to become that Pentre-felin. After the building of both the local school in 1 876, as well as the local post-office [OS1 89l ] in the immediate vicinity of Felin-fach, the name began to eclipse that of the the nearby hamlet of Ystrad (25-a), a situation which was settled by the renaming of the railway station, which was nearer Ystrad than Felin-jach, to Stesion Felin-fach in 1 9 1 3 ; see Bro-Henllys (25-a). Comprising: 1) Breinog Arms, 2) Bro-Gwili, 3) Bro-Henllys, 4) Cenel Ystrad, 5) Cop Felin-fach, 6) Ficrej, 7) Y Mans, 8) Nantronnen, 9) Penbont, 1 0) Pencnwc, 1 1) Stesion Felin-fach, 1 2) Tangraig, 1 3) Troed-y-rhiw, 14) Vale, 1 5) Ysgol Felin-fach, 16) Ystrad. Ffatri Cwmcafn -(SN 5 5 8-549)[ffatri + tn. Cwmcafn (25-a)]; [fatri,kom'kavan N. Davies] of the hamlet, also known as

Factory, Factory Yard 1 83 9TMS, Factory 1 841 cens. , Cwmcafan Factory 1 904 J.Evans p . 3 70, Ffatri Cwmcefan 1 979 J.RRees p. 14, Ffatri Cwmcafan 1 98 1 Llais Aeron n. 4 1

Ffatri Felin-fach -(SN 5 1 8-576)[ffatri + tn. Felin-fach (25-a)] ; [a.T,fatri'la:e E.

M Hughes]

Creamery OS 1 982 b. 1 95 1 by Milk Marketing Board, because the factory at Llanio was not large enough

Fflics

-(SN 524-497)[fflics];

[fhks M.

[ 1 983 Llais Aeron: 64].

Thomas]

Cwm Flux 1 8 1 8PR Llanwnnen, Caem Flwx 1 8 1 9PR Llanwnnen, Flick OS 1 891 , Fflux 1 928 CAST vol.6 p. 8 1 The present name appears to be a reduction of Cwmfflics. The

flux), Ffosffin

termfflics

is derived from ME . jlix (MnE.

an older English term for 'dysentery'.

-(SN 5 52-53 6)[ffos + y +

ffin] ; [fo:s'fi:n

T. Parry]

Ffos-y-ffm OS 1 834, Ffosffm 1 875 Ystrad SF, Ffos-y-ffin OS 1 891

Theffin in this name refers to the boundaries of the parishes of Ystrad and Sulian. Ffosgaseg -(SN 5 1 3 - 530)[ffos + y + caseg] ; [f:>s;}'gaseg M. Thomas, ffos gaseg 1 948 GMG p. 2 1 9] Ffoes y Gasseg, Ffos y Gasseg 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Ffoes y Gasseg 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Ffoesygaseg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos-y-gaseg OS 1 834, Foes y Gasseg, Ffoes y Gasseg 1 839TMS, Ffos-y-gaseg OS 1 891 , Fosgaseg 1 90 1 Ystrad SF

Ffynnondderwen

-(SN 56 1 -5 60)[ffynnon + y + derwen] ;

[f�n:>n'��rwen B.

Jones]

FfYnnon-dderwen OS 1 89 1

Ffynnonoer -(SN 53 1 -533 )[ffynnon + oer] ; [pentre,f;}n:>n'o:r M.

Thomas]

Ffynnon Oir 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Ffynnon Oer, Fynon Oer 1 83 9TMS, Ffynnon-oer OS 1 89 1 , Ffynono'r 1 904 D.Jenkins lxix Two to three cottages have disappeared in the pentref of Ffynnonoer

Ficrej

-(SN 524-562)[£. vicarage] ;

[v1kred3 N.

[ 1 977 Llais Aeron: 5].

Davies]

Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , Vic. OS 1 950, Y Ficerdy 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 1 2 Burnt in 1 93 0s

Fro-fach -(SN

[inf N. Davies].

522-567)[y + bro (+ bach)] ;

Vrovach 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Fro fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bro fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Fro fach OS 1 834, Vro vach 1 839TMS, Fro OS 1 89 1 , Fro 0Sc. 1 950

Fro-ganol -(SN 5 2 1 -5 69)[y + bro (+ canol)] ;

[pn

dam'vro:

J. Jones,

vro'gan:>l N.

Davies]

Bro 1 720PR Treftlan, Vro 1 745/46 Mynachdy MSS, Tyr Pant y Knew als. Tyr y Vroe 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Tyr y Vro 1 753 Peterwell MS 44, Vro ganol 1 760CF, Fro ganol 1 803map J.Singer, Frocanol

424

(25) MEBWYNION OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bro ganol OOS 1 8 1 9, Fro-ganol OS 1 834, Vro genol 1 83 9TMS, Frogenol 1 88 1 Ystrad SF, Fro-ganol OS 1 89 1 , College O S 1 982, Theatr Felin-fach

Frondes

in£

-(SN 5 1 2-557)[y + bron + tes]; Fron-des OS 1 89 1 , Fron-des O S 1 904

Fronfelen -(SN 5 3 6-542)[y + bron + melen] ; [vr:m'velen N.

Davies,

vr:m,velen'arms E. M.

Hughes]

Fron-felen Arms (P.H. ) O S 1 89 1 , PH O S 1 982

Frongelyn

-(SN 523- 527)[y + bron + celyn] ;

[vr:>u'gehn M.

Thomas]

Bron Gelyn 1 68 5 Edwinsford MSS, Vrongelyn 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Tir y Vron Gelin 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 (GMG), Tyr y Vron Gellyn 1 7 5 1 Crosswood MS 3 9, Brongelin 1 7 67sur p.24 1 , Brongelin 1 787 Peterwell MSS ( GMG), Fronglyn OOS1 8 1 1 , Fron-celyn O S 1 834, Fron Gelyn 1 83 9TMS, Fron-gelyn O S 1 891 There is disagreement in the forms as to whether the noun

celyn

'holly' should be treated as an adjective

or a noun In the light of the position of the definite article in the forms of 1 722 and 1 75 1 , as well as the 1 564 form of Fronfedw

Frongou

(27-a), I interpret this name as containing celyn [vr:>u'g:>j M Thomas, N. Davies]

as an adjective.

-(SN 5 1 7-532) [y + bron + cau] ;

Y Vron Goy 1 62 1 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Fron Goy 1 83 9TMS, Fron-goy O S 1 891

Fronlwyd -(SN 5 65-559)[y + bron + llwyd] ; [vr:>n'lojd B.

Jones]

Fron-l"Wyd OS 1 89 1

Gaerfoel -(SN 5 3 4-5 1 2) [y + caer + moel] ; [kar'vo:l M

Thomas]

Garvoyle 1 540 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Gaer Voel 1 5 60 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Gaer Voel 1 5 77rent (GMG), Gaer Voel 1 577(c. 1 598)rent ( GMG), Gamvoel 1 670 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Caer Voel 1 690rent £ 5 5, Game Voil 1 691 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Caervol 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Gam Voil 1 722 Croswood MSS , Gam Voi1 1 743 Crosswood MS S, Game Voi1 1 79 1 Crosswood MS S (GMG), Carvoel 1 700¥2 NLW 3500-B (GMG), Garnfoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cae'r Foel O S 1 834, Cam Voel 1 83 9TMS, Cae'r-foel OS 1 89 1 , Gam-foel OS 1 904

As the name obviously refers to the fortifications at

Cribynclotas (25-b),

earn 'cairn' [c. l 600 s. D. Rhys] to explain Gaeifoel has always had a

and the forms with

are clearly later, not appearing before 1 670. The invoking of the giant Moe! this name is a derisory popular etymology - derisory in the sense that

transparent meaning in Welsh, unlike some of the other dark and obscure place-names that gave rise to giants' names (giants probably being expected to have uncouth and unchristian names); cf

Glandwr

Garnfoel (48-a).

-(SN 5 5 1 -526) [glan + y + d"Wr] ;

Glan-dWI" OS 1 904 Glanllyn Lodge -(SN 53 2-53 6) [tn.

Glanllyn + E. lodget

[glan,l m'bd3 M

Thomas, old name delvrm N. Davies]

Delfryn, Felinfach 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 54, Glanllyn Lodge OS1 982

Glanwem

-(SN 53 5-557)[glan + y + gwern] ;

[glan'wern N.

Davies]

Glan y Wem 1 649 Llanll)'r MSS , Tir y Glan y Wem 1 65 6-68 Llanll)'r MSS , Glan y Weme 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Glan y Werne 1 720 Llanll)'r MS S, Glaenywem 1 768 Llanll)'r MS S, Glanywem 1 787 F. Green MS S vol.25 p . 3 5 , Glan-y-wem 1 799sur map, Glan y Wem OOS 1 8 1 9, Glanwem 1 824 D.Davis p.204, Glan-y-wem O S 1 834, Glan Wern 1 83 9TMS, Glan-wern OS 1 891

Glasfryn -(SN 544-5 53) [glas + bryn] ; [glasvrm B .

Jones]

Glasfryn OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS1904], on Hendre-las land (25-a) [inf B. Jones]. Graigwen -(SN 5 2 1 - 545)[y + craig + gwen] ; Y Graig Wenn 1 7 1 6PR Trefllan, Tyr Graig vawr als. Graig Wen 1 746 Edwinsford MSS , Graigwen OOS1 8 1 1 , Graig Wen O S 1 834, Craig-wen OS 1 89 1 , Graig-wen O S 1 904

Grin-gro -(SN 5 1 8-5 74)[E.

green + grove] ;

[gri:u'gro: M.Davies]

Tir Glas Gelli 1 598 Cilgwyn I MSS, Glas Kelly 1 65 1 in 1 9 1 3 L.E. Ll. Theakston

& J.Davies p . 3 4,

Greene

Grove 1 68 1 Pengelli MS S, Greengrove 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Green Grove 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Green Grove 1 760CF, Green Grove 1 803map J. Singer, Greengrove OOS 1 8 1 1 , Green Grove OOS 1 8 1 9, Y Lasallt 1 824 D. Davis ( 1 927 edn) p . 3 7, Y Glaslwyn 1 860 Cyf Eist. Llanbedr p. 88, Green Grove O S 1 89 1 , Grin Gro (Green Grove) 1 956 LlCCLl p. 7, Gringrof 1 950s n. c. ATL P48 . 82, Gringrof 1 978 Llais Aeron n 10

Glasgelli, the anglicisation is evidenced as early as 1 68 1 , perhaps because it was a Y Lasallt 'the green wood' (1 824) - probably inspired by the mansion of Lasallt-isa (SN 72-29, Myddfai, Carms.), also anglicised as Greengrove [1991 D. B. James: 227] - and Y Glaslwyn The original name was

mansion. The Welsh forms

425

(25) MEBWYNION ( 1 860), only serve to prove that the English version of the name had established itself in the Welsh of the area, as does the nearby Bane

Grfn-gro (25-a),

though the nearby Alit R.hosgelli

corrupted version of the name. The local pronunciation

cofko:, gofgo: . S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 242] Tanrallt-ucha (25-a), Tanrallt-isa (27-a). Gwarallt -(SN 560- 5 56) [gwar + yr + alit];

gri:u'gro:

(25-b) seems to preserve a

is similar to that of the native words

notes that it was " so called from its well-wooded situation" ; see

Penlan (sic) O OS 1 8 1 9, Gwar-'allt O S 1 834, Gwar Allt, Pen Allty Gigfran als. Gwarallt 1 83 9TMS

Gwargors -(SN 5 76-537)[gwar + y + cors] ; Pen-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Gwar-y-gors O S 1 904, Gwargors 1 904 D. Jenkins lvii

Gwernfeilig -(SN

536-533)[gwern + pn. Meilig] ;

[wern'vejhg

E. M Hughes]

Gwemyfdig 1 597 NLW MS 29 1 2 p. 66, Gwernviliy 1 695/96 Bronwydd MSS , Gwemvilig 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Gwemveilig 1 746 Edwinsford MS S , Gwern Vylig 1 767sur p. 240, Wernvylig 1 808 S . RMeyrick p.242, Gwernfilig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Wernfdeg 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS S (GMG), Wern Feilig 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS 230, Wernfilig 1 82 1 Falcondale MS 227, Gwem-feilig OS 1 8 34, Gwem Failyg 1 83 9TMS, Wern-feilig OS 1 89 1

Rhiwfeilig (22-b). Gwernllwyn -(SN 537-541 ) [gwern + llwyn] ; [gwernlujn N. Davies] Wernllwyn O S 1 891 , Y Wernllwyn 1 983 Llais Aeron n. 5 5 This name was probably partly suggested b y the nearby Penwern (25-a). Henardd -(SN 530-5 32) [hen + gardd] ; [he:n'ar6, henar6 M Thomas] Cf

Bryn yr Ardd ? 1 6 1 8-1 9rent, Bryrarth ? 1 768rent Crosswood, Brynyrarth als. Pantyrarth ? 1 769rent Crosswood, Hengarth 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Henardd 1 8 1 3PR Llanwnnen, Pant yr Henardd ? 1 823PR Ciliau-Aeron, Henardd 1 83 9TMS, Court Cottage O S 1 89 1 , Henardd O S 1 904

Hendre-Einon

-(SN 5 59-559)[hendref + pn. Einon] ;

[hendre'i·n:ln, hendre'ejn:1n B.

Jones]

Tythyn Hendre Eynon 1 6 1 5 Pengelli MSS , Tythyn Hendree Eynon 1 623 Pengelli MSS, Hendre Eynon als. Tir Master Rice 1 69 1 Pengelli MS S, Hendre Inon als. Tyr Mr. Rice 1 7thcent. Pengelli MSS, Hendre Einon 1 71 6PR Trefllan, Hendre-inon 1 720PR Trefilan, Hendre Eynon als. Tir

Mr Rice 1 745/46 Pengelli

MS S , Hendre Einon 1 799sur map Llanll9r, Hendre Einon OS 1 834, Hendre Einon 1 83 9TMS, Hendreinon fach (prox.) 1 84 1 cens. b. 1 925 [sign] .

Hendre-las -(SN

544-5 5 0)[hendref + glas] ;

[hendre'la:s

B. Jones]

Hendrelas 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Hendrelas 1 760CF, Hendre Lase 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Llan Las (sic) OS 1 8 1 9, Hendre Las 1 83 9TMS, Hendre-Ias O S 1 8 9 1

Llain

-(SN 562-536)[llain] ;

[lajn, �·vagur (desc.)

T. Parry]

Llain O S 1 834, Llain OS 1 89 1

Llainffynnon - ( S N 5 1 7-533)[11ain + y + ffynnon]; [lajn'f�n:1n M

Thomas]

Llain y Ffynnon O S 1 834, Llain y Ffynon 1 83 9TMS, Llain-ffynnon O S 1 89 1

Llainmanal -(SN 5 3 6- 5 52)[llain + y + banadl] ; [llain manal

1 948 GMG p. 222]

Llain-banal O S 1 834, Llain Manal 1 83 9TMS, Llain-manal OS 1 89 1 , Llainmanal 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 5

Llanllyr - (SN (ii)543-5 5 9) [llan + pn.

Llyr] ;

[lan'li:r Ll.

Griffiths, llan

ll'ir 1 948 GMG p. 223]

Laller 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 276, Lanller 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxi� Llanllyr 1 402 ERSt-David p. 256, o Lan Llyr fl. 1 485c Lewys Glyncothi p. l 34, Llanllir 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Llanweir 1 53 5 Llanlle re 1 5 53 CalPR p. 286, 'church' Llanlyr 1 5 7 1 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston 1 577 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston

&

&

VE p.395,

J.Davies p . 9, Llanllier

J.Davies p . 7, Llanlleir 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanllier 1 5 87 Cwrt-mawr

MS S, Llanllyr 1 590/91 RepWMS S vol.2 pt. 1 p. 3 53, Llanllyr c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 3 9, Llanllyre 1 6 1 0 Aberglasney MS l l 1 , Llanllear 1 664 Coleman MSS p.32, Llanlleare 1 680 CD 67, Llan Lleyr c. 1 693 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt. 2 p. 739, Llanlleer c. 1 700 E .Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Llanllyr 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Lhanlleir 1 7 1 9/20 Llanllyr MSS , Llan Llere 1 73 0/3 1 Bronwydd MSS , Llanlleer 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanllener th 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Llanllear Demesne 1 799sur map, Llanllfu 1 8 cent. RepWMSS vol. 1 pt. 2 p.941 , Llanllear 1 803map I. S inger, Llanclere 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. l 3 7, Llan Llyr, Llanllear (ii), Llanllyr

(i)

O S 1 8 3 4, Llanllear Village 1 83 2PR Nantgwnllau, Llanllear Demesne 1 839TMS, Llanlear, Chapel (site of) OS 1 89 1 , Llanllrr 1 897 T. Evans p. 71 , Llan-llyr O S 1 904, Llanllur 1 904 Cymru vol.28 p.241 i) SN 541 -560. 1 799.

ii)

SN 543-5 59. 1 834

426

(25) MEBWYNION Llanllyr was established as a Cistercian nunnery in the twelfth century, after the dissolution of the monasteries it was converted into a mansion. Its religious history explains why the whole of the Llanllyr demesne was free of tithe ( 1 799sur map] ; see 1 970 J. H. Lewes & E. Evans 'Hanes Llanllyr' in 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 1 0 1 . Llanllyr was however an earlier religious site as can be gathered from its name, and also from an inscribed stone dated to the eighth-ninth century which had Tesquitus Ditoc/ qua Domnuaco/ flo filius As/aitgen dedi[t] 'the sacred place of Ditoc which', followed by two interpretations, i) Domnuacollon, son of Asaitgen gave . . . ', or, ii) 'Ollon, son of Asaitgen gave to Domnuac' [ 1 994 w. Gw. Thomas: 416] ; this had been previously misread, and was thought to contain the I.pn. Madomnuac [ 1 950 v. E. Nash-Williams: 26] . G[wyl] Lvr forwvn on the twenty-first of October ( 1 500¥2 Dem.Calend. ] ; this date also being Gwyl y Santesau (see sub Llagwrddon, 53-a) , but J. RhY"s queried this by suggesting that the W.pn. Llyr was borrowed from the genitive form of the I. pn. Ler, which was also attested under a genitive form Lir [ 1895b J. Rhys: 25-26] . P. 6 Riain [ 1 994: 393 ] argues persuasively: " Though it is possible to infer from the saint's name [recte epithet, of Llyr Forwyn] that Llyr was a (female) virgin, the name is in fact male. The forwyn (from morwyn) component derives from marinus 'seafarer' which in the form marini often follows (and seeks to explain) Ll)rr in the Welsh secular genealogies. " ; the fact that this Llanllyr was a nunnery must also have contributed to the changing of the saint's sex [ 1994 P. 6 Riain p.393 ] . There was a parish church of the same name in Radnorshire, but which evolved, by dissimilation, to Llanyr *1-an'i:r (E. Llanyre). I do not know what to make of S. R Meyrick's information [ 1808: 243] : "It is said that a small cottage in the parish, which stands about a mile to the west of Llanllear, was formerly a chapel belonging to it. Tradition also relates, that there was a covered and paved way from the one to the other, . . . There are now no traces of this paved way. " : one mile

w

of Llanllj)r can only mean the vicinity of Ystrad or

Felin-fach, but the parish church at Ystrad is out of the question. The mention of Seim

y Velin in 1 746 Bro-Henllys, 25-a) in the vicinity of Felin-fach may allude to the causeway in question. At any rate the church at Llanllyr (mentioned as late as 1 57 1 , see above) must have been in close proximity to the site of the later mansion, but exactly where it is not possible to affirm. Again S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 243 ] (see sub

volunteers that "In the garden of Llanllear was dug up a corpse in a leaden coffm, a few years back. " , it is

[ 1 891 ] to mark the site of a chapel at SN 542-560; this reference is no longer it may have been subsequently thought that there was not sufficient proof for that site. An owner of the mansion noted [ 1971 J. H. Lewes: 348] "A graveyard probably this that led the OS

on the present OS map, which leads one to think that

was marked near the house but no trace of this remains, nor of a chapel marked on the Ordnance map, though my grandfather said there used to be a tower there when he was a boy. When the land was

(c) Parke y Porth Llanllj)r demesne) [ 1 649 Llanll)lr MSS] had survived we could be surer, as it is, only archaeological excavations could establish the proper site; cf Esgairgwndy (41-a). " Gresyn fod yr hen balas yn cael ei sillebu yn Llanllear, a'i gynhanu yn Lanliar. " ( 1868 B. Williams: 10] . Llannerch -(SN 552-548)[1lannerch] ; levelled for cultivation no trace of the ancient foundations could be found. " If the name (on

Llanerch OS 1 982 S eemingly a new house.

Llannerch-fach -(SN 5 58-545)[llannerch + bach]; [1-anez'va:x B. Jones] Llannerch vach 1 656-68 Llanll)rr MSS , Llannerch vach 1 71 6PR Treftlan, Llanarch vach 1 768 Llanllyr MS S , Llannerch fach 1 796 Llanll)rr MSS (GMG), Llannerch-!ach 1 799sur map, Llannerch OOS 1 81 9, Llanerch O S 1 834, Llanerch fach 1 839TMS, Llanerch-tach OS 1 891 See Felindre-isa (25-a).

Llety-Bywain -(SN 5 1 7- 5 5 1 )[llety + yr + sn. Bywain] ; Llettuy'r Bowen als. Tir Llettuy'r Bowen 1 685 Edwinsford MSS vol.2 p. 705, Lletty'r Bwen 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Lletty yr Bowen 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Lletty Boen OOS 1 81 1 , Lletty Bowen 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS S (GMG), Lletty Bowen O S 1 834, Llethy'r Bowen 1 839TMS, Lletyrbowen 1 88 1 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 3 6, Lletty-Bowen OS 1 89 1

Llety-Rhys -(SN 5 1 6- 54 1 )[llety + pn. Rhys]; Llettuy Rees als. Tir Lletuy Rees 1 685 Edwinsford MSS vol.2 p. 705, Lletty Rees 1 746 Edwinsford MSS , Llethyrhyd, Lletty Rhys 1 839TMS, Llethres OS 1 89 1 , Lletty-Rhys OS 1 904

Llwyncelyn -(SN 520-522)[llwyn + celyn] ; [lujn'kelm M Thomas] Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1

LlwyndeiW - ( S N 533-549)[llwyn + derw]; 427

(25) MEBWYNION Llwynderw OS 1 9 04

Maes-y-bryn -(SN 5 56-548)[ maes + y + bryn] ; Maesybryn OS 1 982

Maes-y-deri -(SN 524-509)[maes + y + deriL [ma·s�'deri

M Thomas]

Maes-y-deri OS 1 982

Maesgolau -(SN 538-539) [maes + golau]; Maesgolau OOS 1 81 1 , Maes-goleu OS 1 834, Masygole 1 875 Ystrad SF, Maes-goleu O S 1 891 Because of its proximity to Bryngolau (25-a) I suspect this name of being a reduction of an original *Maes Bryngolau� see Maesgolau (15-a; 40-a). Maes-mawr -(SN 549-549)[maes + mawr] ; [majs'mowr T. Parry] Maes-mawr OS 1 89 1

Maesmynach -(SN 5 1 9-506)[maes + y + mynachL [mas'm�naz E. Evans,

M Thomas,

ma:s'm�naz

M

Thomas] Maes y Mynych 1 540 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Maes y Mynach 1 560 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Maes y Mynech 1 577rent £ 56, Maes y Mynech 1 577(c. 1 598)rent (GMG), Mase y Mynach 1 6 1 8-19rent, Maes y Mynach 1 637 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Maes y Munach 1 69 1 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Maes y Mynach 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Maes Mynach 1 7 1 8 Peterwell MS 9, Maesmynach 1 772 Castlehill MSS , Maesymanarch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maesmynach 1 81 9PR Llanwenog, Maes-y-mynach OS 1 834, Maes Mynach 1 839TMS, Maes-mynach OS 1 891

Y Mans -(SN 5 3 0-554)[y + mans] � Y Mans OS 1 982

Melincapel -(SN 5 1 5-509) [melin + tn. Capel (Sant Silin] (25-a)]; [vehg'gapel (usual), melm,hav�d'wen M. Thomas, bra:n a· fi'oden I a dr�jant melm,ha'v�dwen (rhyme) M. Thomas] Havodwen Mill 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Melin OS 1 83 4, Hafod Wen Mill 1 839TMS, Melyn Capel 1 840PR Cilcennin, Hafodwen Mill 1 88 1 Crosswood Add MSS, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Felin Capel 1 904 D .Jenkins xii, Mill (Dis) 0Sc. 1 950, Melin WHln Cribyn 1 990 Lampeter Photographs p. 1 24 Refers to Capel Sant Silin (25-a). Melin Llanlly r -(SN 543-560) [melin + tn. Llanll)rr (25-a)] ; Melin Llanllire 1 648 Llanllyr MSS, Melin Llanllir 1 656-68 Llanll)rr MSS, Melin Llanllier 1 664 Llanllyr MSS, Melyn Llan Llyre 1 674/75 Llanllyr MSS , MilL

(c)

Cae'r Felin 1 799sur map, Melyn Llanllyr

OOS 1 8 1 9, Llanllear Mill 1 826 Llanll)rr MSS , Llanlh1r Mill 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, [Ll]anlur Mill, Gate ? 1 84 1 cens. , Velin Llanllur 1 875 Ystrad SF, Lodge OS 1 89 1 , Lodge Llanllur >1 895

in 1 904

D.Jenkins p. 1 08 The description of the old course of the river Aeron before its canalisation (see sub Henafon(i),

d) means (c) Cae'r Hen Felin (SN 543[ 1553 CalPR (Ed.VI): 286]; and its

that the site of this mill was then probably immediately alongside the river; cf

562, Trefilan) (1799sur map Llan119r].

The mill was in existence in 1 553

disappearance " shortly after 1 832" according to

L. H. Lewes [1 971 : 345] is probably pure surmising from

its disappearance from the Llanllyr rent-books.

Mountpleasant -(SN 5 3 5- 5 1 9) [E. mount + pleasant] � [mownt'plesant M Thomas] Mount Pleasant OS 1 89 1

Nantgwyllt -(SN 560-559)[nant + gwyllt] � [nant'w.dt B . Jones] Nantgwyllt 1 87 5 Ystrad SF, Nant-gwyllt OS 1 89 1 , Y Nantwyllt OS 1 982, Nantwyllt 1 983 Llais Aeron n. 63, Nantwyllt 1 99 1 CN 05/04/91 p.2 This name refers to the stream behind it [inf

B. Jones] . As with Nantgwyllt (SN 91-63, Cwmteuddwr, Rads.), also Nantwillt [1 764 in 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 235]; Nantwillt [1826 M. Richardson MSS: 3 1 3] the forms of the names reflect the changing perception the gender of nant, as originally a masculine noun to a femine one

found as

at the present-day.

Nant-henfoel-fach -(SN 547-5 1 8)[nant + henfoel ? (+ bach)] ; Nanthanfol fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant Henfol fach O S 1 834, Nanthenfoel fach 1 839TMS, Nant-yr-hen-foel­ fiich OS 1 891

Nant-henfoel-fawr -(SN 545-5 1 7) [nant + henfoel ? (+ mawr)] ; [nant'env�l M. Thomas] Lanhirmorl 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p.276, Nant DyfnoL Nant Dyfnog 1 6 1 8-1 9rent, Nantenvole 1 670 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Nant y Foil 1 69 1 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Nantynvol 1 71 6PR Treftlan, Nantynfol 1 720PR Trefilan, Nant Envoil 1 747 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Nantenvoil 1 750 Crosswood MSS

428

(25) MEBWYNION (GMG), Nantenvoil 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Nantenvoil 1 760CF, Nanthenvol 1 767 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Nanthenvoel 1 767PR Llannarth, Nanthenvoel 1 768rent Crosswood, Nanthanfol fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant Henfol fawr OS 1 834, Nant HenfoeL Nant Henvoel 1 839TMS, Nant-yr-hen-foel-fawr OS 1 891 , Nantenfol 1 899 Ystrad SF, Nant-hen-foel-fawr 0 8 1 904 Comparable names are: Bodynfoel (SJ 1 8-21, Llanfechain, Monts.)� and Llwynhenoel (L1anegryn, Mers.), which was said to be a corruption of Llwynhenfoel [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 73] . Though GPC gives no such word as henfoel, it seems a typical enough composite of hen 'old' + moe! 'bald', probably with reference to an old man, e.g. Cadog' Henuoyl (MnW. Cadwgan Henfoel) (Mebwynion) [ 1 302-03rent: 9c] (it is just feasible that moe! here means 'hornless' and refers to an old bull, cf Rhyd-yr-henfon, 32-a). The 1 29 1 form is garbled, but along with the seventeenth-century forms, and those until 1 720, suggest the vowel was rather than , so that henfoel may be a substitution for an original element. The 1 61 8-1 9 forms suggest further the metathesis of the cluster [ vn ] � [ nv-] , unless they are themselves hypercorrections. I would not like to venture further on the etymology until the spelling of the 1 291 form was verified. Nantronnen -(8N 529-557)[nant + yr + onnen]� [nant'r�nen E. M. Hughes] Nant-yr-onnen (sign) Since, apparently, this name can only refer to nearby stream already named Afon Henllys (d), it may be an emulated name. Neuadd-ddu -(SN 522-562)[neuadd + du] � Neuadd-ddu 1 904 D.Jenkins lxxx It was situated at upper end of Cae'reglwys, on banks of Nant-y-gaer [ 1 904 D. Jenkins: lxxx] , site shown [18391MS]. Neuaddlydan -(SN 522-537)[neuadd + llydan]; [neja�'ladan M. Thomas] Neuadd Lydan 1 8 1 3PR Ciliau Aeron, Nouadd Llydan 1 83 9TMS, Noyaolydan 1 841 cens. , Neuadd-lydan 081 89 1 Does llydan refer to the nearby Cwmllydan (25-a) rather than to the neuadd? New 1nn -(SN 543-553)[E. new + inn] � [mw'm N. Davies, B. Jones] Kings Head 1 803map J. Singer, King's-head 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.7 1 3 , New Inn OOS 1 8 1 9, New Inn OS1 834, New Inn 1 839TMS, New Inn OS1 89 1 , Newin 1 899 Ystrad SF, New Inn Farm OS 1 904 This was composed of three houses, a pentre [inf. B. Jones]. Y Nyth -(SN 548-557) [y + nyth]� Y Nyth OS 1 982 Pantcerdin -(SN 538-522)[pant + y + cerddin]� Pant-y-cerdin OS 1 834, Pantyrcerdin 1 839TMS, Pant Cerdin 1 876 Ystrad SF, Pant-y-cerdin OS1 891 Pantfedwen -(SN 573-542)[pant + y + bedwen]; [panta'vedwen T. Parry] Pant-y-fedwen OS1 834, Pantfedwen 1 876 Ystrad SF, Pantfedwen 1 904 D.Jenkins lxvi Pantglas -(SN 521 -5 3 5)[pant + glas] ; [pant'gla:s M Thomas] Pant Glas, Pant Glas 1 83 9TMS, Pant-glas OS 1 89 1 Pantgronwy -(SN 537-541)[pant + pn. Gronwy]; [ti'kati, panta'gr�nu, f.pn. kati,panta'gr�nu N . Davies, gr�noj'armz E. M Hughes] (c) Penglan Grogwy ?? 1 622 CD, Gronwy Arms (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Pantygronw 1 900 Ystrad SF, Gronwy Arms (P.H. ) 0Sc. 1 950, Pant-y-gronwy 1 958 D.G.Jones p. 1 7, Pant Goronwy 'lle cadwai Cati dafarn a siop fechan', Ty Cati 'oedd yr enw cynefm ar y bwthyn' 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 5 The woman named Cati Pantgronwy lived in the nineteenth century [inf. N. Davies] ; no remains are to be seen [ 1 977 Llais Aeron: 5]. Penbanc -(SN (i)536-54 1 )[pen + y + bane]� [pen'baiJk (ii) E. M Hughes, b�jdi (i) ? N. Davies] Penybank 1 839TMS, Penbanc 1 875 Ystrad SF i) SN 536-541 . 1 839. ii) SN 536-542. 1 990, adjoins Fronfelen (25-a) [inf E. M. Hughes]. Penbeili -(SN 5 14-532)[pen + y + beili]; Penybaily, Penbaily 1 839TMS, Penybaily 1 854 Glansevin MS S Penbont -(SN 529-557)[pen + y + pont] � [pen'b�nt N . Davies, E. M . Hughes] Dolfach Cottages 1 839TMS, ym Mhenbont 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 75, Penybont (sign) Penbont-fach -(SN 549-528)[pen + y + pont (+ bach)] ; [penb�nt'va:z N. Davies] Penbontfach 1 870 Crosswood Add MSS, Pen-bont-fiich OS1 891 -

-

-

429

(25) MEBWYNION Penbont-fawr -(SN 546-529)[pen + y + pont (+ mawr)t Penbontfawr 1 870 Crosswood Add MSS, Pen-bont OS 1 89 1 I n ruins [OS 1 904]. Penbryn-mawr -(SN 548-543)[pen + y + bryn + mawr] ; [pembr�n'mawr S . Morgan, pembrm'mowr N. Davies, pem'br�n T. Parry] Tir Pen Bryn mawr 1 649 Llanllyr MSS, Tyr Apen Brin mawr 1 656 Llanll)'r MSS, Pen y Bryn mawr 1 656-68 Llanllyr MSS, Bryn mawr c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 1 , Pen y Bryn mawr 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Pen y Bryn 1 799sur map Llanllyr, Pen Bryn mawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-'bryn-mawr OS1 834, Penybrynmawr, Pen Brin mawr 1 839TMS, Pen-bryn-mawr OS 1 891 , (pn.) Siaci Pen-bryn 1 958 D. G.Jones p. 20, (c) i Fane Penbryn 1 984 H.T.Edwards p.94 A beacon on a conspicuous hill [ c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.81 ] . Penbwlch -(SN 533-537)[pen + y + bwlcht [pem'bolz M. Thomas, E . M Hughes] Penbwlch 1 875 Ystrad SF, Pen-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 Pencaerlyfri -(SN 507-560)[pen + caer + pn. Llyfri]; Caers'wdry ? c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.80, Tyr Pen Care Kifery 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Pencaerlifre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Caerlyfri 1 81 4 NLW MS 61 2-B, Pen-caer-lifry OS 1 834, Pen Cae Livery 1 839TMS, [P]encarlovery 1 841 cens., Pen-caer-lifry OS 1 89 1, Pen Cae Lyfri (sign) Refers to Pen-y-gaer (25-b); cf tns. Cwmllyfri (SN 34-13, Llan-y-bri, Carms.); Penylyvry [ 1755 D. T. M. Jones MSS: 4.768], now Penlifau (SN 72-39, Ci1-y-cwm, Carms.), Pen Lifau [OS1 834] ; the Cornish parish-name Lanlivery [1988 o. J. Padel: 1 06]; the Breton tn Lanlivry (P1ouec, Cotes-d'Armor), only attested by J. Loth [ 1 909: 1 28]; cf OC. pn. Cilifri [ 1 oth_1 1 thcent. Bodm.Manu.] . The scribe who wrote the Uita Cadoci c. 1 1 00, though thought of as a Norman, may have had the same name though Latinised as Lifris or Lifricus (for the addition of non-etymological final in Anglo-French around 1 100, see sub Cwmtydu, 1 8-a). Lifris als. Lifricus was son of bishop Heruuald of Llandaf [(c. 1070s)c.l l40 LL: 273, 274] equated by J. Gw. Evans [ 1 893: 410) with OE. pn. Leofric. The components of the pn. Llyfri are however not clear, rhi 'king' or bri 'honour' are probably present, but the first element is hard to discern unless it could be a labiodentalisation of the element llyw. For the name Llyuguri, Landlyugri [ c. 1 100(1 200) Uita Cadoci: 66, 68]; and OB. pn. Leubri [ 1 909 J. Loth: 1 32]. The derivation by G. M. Griffiths [1948: 226] of -lyfri from Elifri or Elyfri is quite possible, and the possibility that this name is a garbled form of Llyfri is made less likely by its independent appearance in a number of Middle Welsh texts, e.g. the feminine personal-name in a poem by Einion ab Gwgon (Eliuri [c. 1 2 15(c.1400) Binion ab Gwgon: 40]); the chief-steward in Geraint ab Erbin (Eliuri [ 1 300% Mabinogi (WBRh): 194.2], Eliury [ 1 300% Mabinogi (WBRh): 4 1 1 .1.32]). Possibly this name survived as the f pn Lywri (often written Lowri), which is otherwise of uncertain etymology, but which is attested in the name wrth Garreg Lywri (Cwm Blaeng1yn, Llanfachreth, Mers.) [1 898 Cymru: 15.51], and was still in use in the early Modern period in northern Wales Lowri (Ysbyty-Ifan, Denbs.) [c.1 700 E. Lhuyd: 1 .1 7] ; Lowri Huws (b.c.1 81 0, Nefyn) [ 1 883 J. Rhys: 177]. A Lowrye verch Jankyn is attested in Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn [ 1 563/64 Edwinsford MSS: 2. 703] . Penclawdd-mawr -(SN 557-5 53)[pen + y + clawdd + mawr] ; [pq]klaw�'mowr N . Davies] Pen Clawdd mawr 1 799sur map Llanll)'r, Pen-clawdd-mawr OS 1 834, Clawddmawr 1 839TMS, Penclawddmowr 1 882 Ystrad SF The name refers to the nearby entrenchment at SN 555-553 . J. C. Grooms's identification [ 1 993: 166-67] of Castell Didhannel [ c. l600 s. D. Rhys: 304] with this entrenchment is pure guesswork, see Caer Maesmynach (25-b). Pencnwc -(SN 522-558)[pen + y + cnwc]; Pen y Cnwck 1 71 6PR Treftlan, Tyr Pen y Knwck 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Pen y Cnwc 1 760CF, Pen Knwck 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Penycnwc OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-cnwc OS 1 834, Pencnwc 1 88 1 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p.43 , Pen-cnwc OS 1 891 Penlan -(SN 550-521)[pen + y + glan] ; Pen y Lann 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Penlan 1 839TMS In ruins [OS1 891]. Penlan Capel -(SN 5 1 5-509)[pen + y + glan + Capel [Sant Silin] (25-a)]; [penlan'kapel M. Thomas] Pen y Lan 1 577rent f 56, Tythyn y Cappell 1 63 3 Crosswood MSS, Penlan y Cappel 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Pen y Lan als. Tyr y Cappel 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1, Penlan Hafod Wen, Penlan 1 839TMS, Pen-lan­ hafod-wen OS 1 891 , Penlan Capel 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.4 Penlan-ganol -(SN 5 1 9-5 1 1 )[pen + y + glan (+ canol)]; [penlan'ge-n;,l M. Thomas] 430

(25) MEBWYNION Penlan ganoL Penlan genol 1 839TMS, Pen-lan-ganol OS1 891 Penlan-ucha -(SN 522-5 1 4)(pen + y + glan (+ uchaf)]; (penlan'�za, pen'lan M Thomas] Penlan Weddog, Penlan Weddw 1 839TMS, Pen-lan-uchaf OS 1 891 This place is too far to have a direct connection with Cilfachweddog (25-a). Penlon(i) -(SN 548-556)(Felindre)[pen + y + Ion] ; [pen'lo:n N. Davies, B. Jones] (c) Cae Pen y Lon 1 799sur map Llanll)T, Pen Lon OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-y-lon OS1 834, Velindre issa (sic) 1 83 9TMS, Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1 , Pen-Ion OS1982 Two houses [inf. B. Jones ]. Penlon(ii) -(SN 5 1 6-557)(Cefn Ystrad)[pen + y + Ion] ; Spring 1 839TMS, Pen-Ion OS1 89 1 In ruins [o s1 904]. Pennebo -(SN 537-527)[pen + Bibl.tn. Nebo]; [pen'ebo, (c) baQk,pen'ebo E. M. Hughes] Nebo 1 841 cens. , Pen Nebo 1 977 Llais Aeron n 5 Pennebo 50yds from Pisga (25-a), on dyke bounding Bane and Gwernfeilig [ inf E. M . Hughes] . Penrhiw(i) -(SN 532-5 1 0)(Cwm-Mynach)[pen + y + rhiw] ; (pe'hnw M. Thomas] Penrhiw 1 839TMS, Pen-rhiw OS 1 891 Penrhiw(ii) -(SN 570-544)(Blaenplwyf)[pen + y + rhiw]; Penrhiw 1 839TMS, a Phenrhiw 1 904 D.Jenkins lvii See Gwargors (25-a). Pensarn -(SN 523-501 )[pen + y + sam]; [pensarn'rn�naz M Thomas] Penn y Sarn 1 71 6PR Treftlan, Penysarn 1 760CF, Pantsam Hill 1 767sur p. 240, Pensarne 1 8 1 5PR Llanwnnen, Pensarn OS 1 834, Pensarnfynach 1 83 1 CD, Pen-sarn-mynach OS 1 89 1 Pensarn-fach -(SN 5 1 0-534)[pen + y + sam (+ bach)]; [pensarn'va:z M . Thomas, J. D. Davies] Pensarn fach 1 791 sur map, Pensarne fach 1 839TMS, Pen-sarn-ffich OS1 891 The -fach is in opposition to Pensarn-fawr (26-a). Penwem -(SN 542-546)[pen + y + gwern]; [pen'wern N. Davies] Penn y Wern c. 1 569 RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p.897, Pen y Weme 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Penywem 1 760CF, Penwem 1 803map J. Singer, Pen y Wern OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-wern OS1 891 , Pen-wern 0Sc. 1 950, Temple Bar Farm OS 1 982 Penwem-fach -(SN 540-551)[pen + y + gwern (+ bach)] ; Tir als. Tythyn y Wem vach ? 1 622 CD, Penywernfach 1 790 Llanll)'r MSS, Penwem fach 1 826 Llanllyr MS S, Penwernfach isa + icha 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-waun-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pen-wern-Ia.ch OS 1 904, Penwernfach 1 971 J.H.Lewes p. 347, Penwern-fach 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 5 Pertheos -(SN 545-535)[perth + eos]; [ber6'e:)S M. Hughes] Caravan Park OS1 982, Berth-eos Caravan Park (sign) This is doubtlessly a very recent name, see sub Llwyneos (8-a). Pisga -(SN 53 7-527)[Bibl.tn. Pisgah] ; [piSka E. M Hughes, piska T. Parry] Pisgah 1 841 cens. , Pisgah OS 1 891 Concerning Pisga and the adjacent Pennebo (25-a): "Yr oedd adeiladwyr y ddau fwthyn yn ddiamau wedi darllen hanes Moses yn esgyn i ben Pisga, a chael golwg ar dir yr addewid. " [ 1977 Llais Aeron: 5] . Pistyllgwyn -(SN 5 58-558)[pistyll + gwyn] ; [piSbl g wm B. Jones] Pistill Gwin 1 839TMS, Pistyll-gwyn OS 1 891 There was a spring nearby [ 1 799sur map Llan119r]. Plas-newydd -(SN 529-557)[plas + newydd] ; [pla:s'newi�, pla:s'kan:)l (adj.), pla:s'ba:z (adj.) N. Davies] Plas bach, 'now' Garej Plas newydd 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 1 2, Plas canol (prox.) 1 978 Llais Aeron n 1 5 Pontgeintach -(SN 549-527)[pont + y + ceintach]; [p:)nt'gmtaz N . Davies] Pant y Gintach 1 839TMS, Pontgintach 1 84 1 cens. , Pontygintach 1 875 Ystrad SF, Pontygintach 1 879 Ystrad SF The original element may have been pant, which was reanalysed as pont, c£ Pontmarchog (26-a); especially as the nearby bridges were called Pont Rhyd-y-gof and Pont GlandWr (25-b); cf Cnwc-y-glap (20-b), Castell!Lluest-y-glonc (47-unloc.). Pontstyfyn -(SN 522-509)[tn. Pontstyfyn] ; [p:)nt'sbvm, p:)nt'stivm, p:)nt'stiv�n M. Thomas] Efail Pontstyfyn 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.29 '

43 1

(25) MEBWYNION Its location is behind Siop Ffoshelyg, next to Ffoshelygs workshop [ 1 977 w. D. Llewelyn: 29, 68-69] . Pontsty.fYn is a variant on the town of Llanbedr's specifier, the other being the now better known Pontsteffan. How it came to be given to this place is not at all clear. PwH-y hwii -(SN 521 - 5 1 2)[pwll + y + chwil] ; [ti,tmn'ruper, now gwelvrm M Thomas] -

Pully Wheel 1 84 1 cens. , Pwllywhll, 'now' Gwelfryn 1 977 W.D .Llewelyn p. 29, Gwelfryn (sign) Here lived

Rhiwonnen

Twm Rhwper (t 1 899) [ 1 899 Ystrad SF] who made casks to hold butter [inf. M. Thomas] . [hriW'�men N. Davies, B. Jones]

-(SN (ii)570-546) [rhiw + yr + onnen] ;

Ryuaunhun, Riuanum 1 202( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfllur, Ryu Anhun > 1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Riwe Anhun

?

> 1 282(1 425) cart.

Ystradfilur, Redwennen 1 29 1

Tax.Eccl.

p. 276, Rhyw Onnen 1 540

Crosswood MSS (GMG), Rhyw yr Onen 1 560 Crosswood MSS ( GMG), Rywannun 1 577rent (GMG), Rhiw Onen 1 61 8-1 9rent, Rhiwe Owen (sic) 1 63 3 Crosswood MS S, Rhiw Onnen 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Rhiw'r Onnen 1 747 Crosswood MSS ( GMG), Rhiwonnen 1 798 Maes-newydd MSS , Rhiw Onnen 1 803map J. Singer, Rhiw Onnen 008 1 8 1 9, Rhiw-onen 0 8 1 834, Rhiw Onnen 1 83 9TMS, Rhiw-onen 08 1 89 1 , Rhuonen 1 899 Ystrad SF i) SN 566-548. 1 83 9. ii) SN 570-546. 1 891 . Its name, seemingly emulated at Llanina, was pronounced Rhiwannen in 1 948, see sub Rhiwonnen

Rhos

-(SN 53 5- 523) [rhos] ;

[hro:s,wern'vejhg ? M.

(21-a).

Thomas]

Rhoes + Rhoes (prox. ) 1 839TMS, Rhose 1 83 9TMS, Rhos Cottages 'dau fwthyn' 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn pp. 1 8- 1 9 The location of the other Rhos i s at S N 53 5-522.

Rhos Ceginan

-(SN 521 -55 1 ) [rhos + tn. Ceginan] ;

Rhos Cogina 1 7 1 6PR Trefilan, Rhose Chrygyin 1 746 Edwinsford MS S , Rhos Ceginan 08 1 83 4, Rhos Giginan, Rhos Gigina 1 839TMS, Rhos 08 1 89 1

Rhos-fach -(SN 533-5 1 8) [rhos

(+ bach)] ;

[hro:s'va:x E.

M Hughes]

Rhos-rach 08 1 89 1

Rhyd-y-bennau

-(SN 528-5 1 2) [rhyd + y + bennau] ;

[hri:d1 895 in 1 904 D . Jenkins p. 92, Rhydybannau OS 1 982

[ 1 963: 218] did not include Rhyd-y-bennau under the place-names with rhyd which included benni) 'wagon, wain, cart', the earliest spellings of this name seem to show that bennau here was originally benni. An identical name to this one also existed in Llanbadarn Trefeglwys (c) Rhyd y Benne [ 1710 GTM MSS: 39] , and in Nevern (Pembs.) Retybenne 1 3 82 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 60] . The term ben (still found in Glamorganshire as "men (n. f), a cart, a wagon. " (Nantgarw) [ 1 955 c. H. Thomas: 99]) is present in Pont Rhyd-y-fen (Glams.) [ 1 984 Gw. o. Pierce: 464] , M Richards [ 1 963 : 218] noted three examples of Rhyd-y-fen in Wales, compared to two examples of Rhyd-y-ceirt(s), and twelve examples of Rhyd-y-car/ceir; cf. Rhydpennau (73-a). The 1 540 form Rhyd y Benny is reminiscent of Trebenny(dd), an alias of Pontmarchog (26-a). Rhydcais-fach -(SN 521 -53 0)[rhyd + y + cais (+ bach)] ; M Richards

ben

(pl.

Rhyd-y-cais-rach OS 1 89 1 , o Rydcais-fach 1 928 CAST vol.6 p. 83

Rhydcais-fawr -(SN 522-532)[rhyd + y + cais (+ mawr)] ; [hri:d B. Jones] inf. Tanfron -(SN 561-560)[tan + y + bron]; [tan'vr:ln B. Jones] Tan-y-fron OS1 891 Tangaer -(SN 52 1 -509)[tan + y + caer]; Tangaer 1 928 CAST vol. 6 p.83, Tangaer 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p. 68 Rrefers to Caer Maesmynach (25-b). Tangraig -(SN 523-557)[tan + y + craig] ; Dan y Graig 1 7 1 6PR Treftlan, Tyr Dan y Graig 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Tan y Graig 1 839TMS, Tan-y­ graig OS 1 89 1 , o Dangraig 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 1 4 Tanlan -(SN 520-512) [tan + y + glan]; [tan'lan M Thomas] a Thanlan 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p.29 Tempi-bar -(SN 536-542)[E.tn. Temple Bar (London)] ; [tempJ'bar M. Thomas, E. M Hughes, now tre'wihm E. M Hughes] Cross Inn (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Temple Bar 1 821PR Llanwenog, Temple Bar OS 1 834, Temple Bar OS 1 89 1 , Siop Temple Bar 1 904 D.Jenkins lxix, a Thempl Bar 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p.24 Said to have been named by Lord Carrington [inf. N. Davies ] ; Lord Carrington had bought the lordship of Cellan in 1 809; cf. Cross Inn (25-a). Three-horseshoe -(SN 522- 51 0) [E. three + horseshoe] ; Three Horse Shoe 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 56, Three Horse Shoes 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p. 68, PH OS 1 982 433

(25) MEBWYNION Trafle -(SN 538-539)[ ? t Trafle 1 794 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Trafle Farm 1 839TMS, Trafle OS 1 89 1 , (f.pn.) Marged y Trafle 1 950s n. c. ATL P48. 82 Refers to the confluence of streams about Creignant; see Trajle (1 5-a). Trewynt -(SN 524-549)[tref + gwynt]; Trewynt 1 71 6PR Trefilan, Tyr Tre Wynt 1 746 Edwinsford MSS, Trewynt 1 839TMS, Dre-wynt OS1 89 1 , Drewynt 1 904 D. Jenkins lxxi Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 524-559) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troedyrhiw 1 767sur p. 240, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Troedrhiwfallen -(SN 520-5 1 3)[rhiw + yr + afallen] ; [tro:d'hnw + hapi'f:lr1 895 in 1 904 D. Jenkins: 1 2] ) arose, and whether it is originally the name of this fort, or Cribyn (25-a). W. D. Llewelyn [1 977: I] believes it was originally the name of this fort, but I tend (but can forward no proof) to think it applied originally to the village, and may have been given to this site by S. R Meyrick. Cwm-Morgan -(SN 5 1 6-572)[cwm + pn. Morgan]; Kwn Vorgan 1 598 Cilgwyn l MSS, Cwm Morgan OS 1 904 Gaer-fach -(SN 53 1-5 1 4) [y + caer + bach] ; [gar'va:z M Thomas, E. M Hughes] Caer-fach OS1 834, Gaer rach OS 1 89 1 , Gaer rach (Intrenchment) OS1 904, Gaer fach OS 1 982 The fach is opposed to the fortifications at Cribynclotas (25-b); "Traces of a cottage remain within the enclosure. " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 254]. Garreglwyd -(SN 5 1 7-561)[y + carreg + llwyd] ; Careg LWyd OS 1 89 1 , Carreg Samson 1 993 J.C. Grooms p.222 The alias was noted in 1 934 by A J. Sansbury [ 1 993 J. C. Grooms: 222]. Lonrefaii -(SN 524-559)[lon + yr + efail]; [lo·n'revel N. Davies] Lonyrefel 1 84 1 cens. , Lonrefel 1 875 Ystrad SF, Lonrevel 1 884 Ystrad SF A housing estate Bro Refail [sign] built on its side. Pen-y-gaer -(SN 5 1 5-565)[pen + y + caer] ; [baiJk�'vro: N. Davies, ba1Jk1vallrona (younger generation) inf. ] 436

(25) MEBWYNION Penycaer OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen y Gaer OS 1 834, Bane y Fro 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 5, Pen-y-Gaer, Settlement OS 1 982, Caer Lifry 1 994 J.L.Davies & A.H. A.Hogg p.253 The adjoining farm of Pencaerlyfri (25-a) retains the original name of this fort� see Cribynclotas (25-b). Pont Glandwr -(SN 5 5 1 -525) [pont + tn. GlandWt- (25-a)] ; dan Bont Glandwr >1 894 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 5, Pont Creuddyn OS 1 904 See Cambrian (28-a).

437

(26) MEBWYNION DIHEWYD Abergwili -(SN 5 1 4-555)[tn. Abergwili (Carms.)] ; [aber'gwili N. Davies] Abergwili 1 875 Ystrad SF, Aber-gwili OS1 891 R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 47 ] incorrectly locates Abergwili on Aeron, facing Breinog (42-a). Since it is located at the confluence of Afonddu(i) with Afon Henllys it is most likely that Abergwili is named after the episcopal palace of Abergwili near Carmarthen. The use of Gwili for Afon Henllys seems wholly derived from this place-name. Arfryn -(SN 496-556) [ar- + bryn]; [arvrm M. D . Jenkins, J. D. Davies] Arfryn OS 1 982 Arlen -(SN 475-5 56)[pn. Ar[tie (� Arthur)] + fpn. Glen[ys] ] ; Arlen O S 1 982 Bane -(SN 491 - 5 53)[banc]; [baiJk M. D. Jenkins, J. D. Davies, baiJk'viW officially J. D. Davies] Bank 1 8 1 5PR Dihewyd, Bank 1 844TMS, Bane OS1 891 Bethlem -(SN 485-559)[Bibl.tn. Bethlehem] ; Capel Bethlehem (Indt) OS 1 89 1 , Dihewid (Bethlehem) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Bethlehem Chapel, Capel Shipris 1 903 G.E.Evans p.222, Capel Shipris 'y gelwid ef unwaith, gan fod gweinidogion pob sect grefyddol yn traethu'r genadwri yma' 1 904 Cymru vol 28 p.240, Capel S [i]prys 1 977 W.D.Llewellyn p.43, Capel OS 1 982, ym Methlem 1984 Clone n. 20 b. 1 845, as a schoolhouse, in 1 852 was incorporated, reb. 1 867 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278 ] ; reb. 1 868, and named Beth/em [ 1 904 Cymru: 28.240] ; denom. I. The term "shipris . . . is a provincialism for a mixture of oats, vetches, etc." The chapel gained its nickname as it was freely at the disposal of Independents, Unitarians, Wesleyans [ 1903 G. E. Evans: 222] . Blaencil-llwch -(SN 479-562)[blaen + tn. Cil-llwch (26-a)] ; Blaen Ki1 Lle Lywch 1 81 5PR Dihewyd, Blaen Cil Lle Llywch 1 8 1 6PR Dihewyd, Blaen Cil Llwch OS 1 83 4 Blaengors-fach -(SN 482-546)[blaen + y + cors (+ bach)}; [blajn,g �rs'va:z, now g �rs'v_lla J. D. Davies] Blaenygors fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaengorsfach 1 844TMS, Blaen-gors-rach OS1 891 , Blaen-gors-fach OS 1 904, Gors Villa O S 1 982 Blaengors-fawr -(SN 485-545)[blaen + y + cors (+ mawr)] ; [£J'blau'g�rs 1 95 5 E. J. Davies vol. 2 p.457, blajn'g�rs J. D. Davies] Blaenygors 1 760CF, Blaenygors fawr OOS 1 81 1 , Blaengors 1 844TMS, Blaenygors { added later} 1 844TMS, Blaen-gors OS 1 891 Blaenllain -(SN 483-544)[blaen + y + llain]; [blajn'4ajn J. D. Davies] Blaen-llain OS1 891 Blaenpant -(SN 49 1 -5 5 5)[blaen + y + pant]; [blam'pant M. D. Jenkins] Blaenpant 1 844TMS, Blaen-pant OS1 891 Blaen-tir -(SN 504-544) [blaen-tir] ; [blan'ti:r M. Thomas] Blaentir 1 844TMS, Blaen-tir OS1 891 Blaen Ty-coch -(SN 482-565)[blaen + tn. Ty-coch (26-a)] ; Blaen-ty-coch OS 1 891 Blaenwac -(SN 476-556)[blaen + y + wac] ; [bla:n'wa:k E. Davies, blajn'wo:k ... blajn'wa:k dialect J. D. Davies] Blaen-walk OS1 891 , Blanwac 1 990 p.c. E. Davies Blaenwaun -(SN 487-547)[blaen + y + gwaun]; Blaen-y-Waun OS1 834, Blaenwaun 1 844TMS Bryncesyg -(SN 493-532) [bryn + y + cesig] ; [bran'kes1g M. Thomas] Bryn y Kesyg 1 509 Cilgwyn I MS S, Bryn y Cessig 1 560 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Brin Kisseg 1 577rent (GMG), Brin Kessig 1 577(c. 1 598)rent (GMG), Bryn y Kessig 1 61 8-1 9rent, Bryn y Gasseg 1 621 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Bryn y Kyfig 1 634 Crosswood MSS, Bryn y Kessigg 1 670 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Brin y Gessigg 1 691 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Bryncessig 1 760CF, Bryncessig OOS1 81 1 , Bryn-cesig OS1 834, Bryn-cesig OS 1 891 Brynnau-bach -(SN 488-543)[bryniau + bach] ; [brane, brane'ba:z J. D. Davies]

438

(26) MEBWYNION Brin bach 1 727 Peterwell MS 14, Bruinbach c. 1 800 in 1 968 A.E.Davies p. 1 6, Burnybach OOS 1 81 1 , Brynnau bach 1 81 7PR Dihewyd, Brynnau bach 1 8 1 8PR Dihewyd, Bryne bach 1 825PR Dihewyd, Bryniau bach OS 1 834, Brynau bach 1 844TMS, Bryniau-bach OS 1 891 Bwlch-ucha -(SN 497-559) [bwlch (+ uchaf)]; [bolz M D. Jenkins, J. D. Davies] Bwlch Dihewid 1 760CF, Bwlch Dihewid 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlch ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bwlch Dyhewid 1 81 3PR Dihewyd, Bwlch uchaf OS1 834, Bwlchdihewiducha 1 844TMS, Bwlch-dihewid OS 1 89 1 See Bwlch-isa (25-a). Cae-delyn -(SN 496-558) [cae + yr + telyn]; [ka'delm M. D. Jenkins] Bwlch-cae'r-delyn OS 1 89 1 Cae-sam -(SN 491 - 543)[cae + yr + sam]; Cae Sarn 1 809PR Ciliau-Aeron, Cae-sarn OS 1 891 Capelbrwyn -(SN 499-521)[capel + brwyn] ; [kapel'brojn, o'gapel'brojn E. Evans, kapel M Thomas] Capel newydd 008 1 8 1 1 , Capel Brwyn OS1 834, Capel BrWy:n (Indt) OS 1 891 , Troedyrhiw, Cas. Moyddin c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 280, Capel Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 904, Troedrhiw 1 983 Clone n. 1 9 b. 1 808 [1 851Re1 cens.: 516; c. l 902 E . R . Horsfall-Turner: 280; 1 977 W. D . Llewellyn: 43] ; it was a simple chapel with earthen walls and a roof thatched with rushes [1 977 W. D. Llewellyn: 43]; reb. 1860 [1 977 W. D. Llewellyn: 43; 1 987 B. I. Rawlins: 58 ]; 1 861 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 280t "An influential lady built a chapel on her own land. " [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 58] ; denom. I. Casl -(SN 492-55 1 )[E.tn. Castle[hill] ]; [kasJ M. D. Jenkins] Castlehill OS 1 891 b. bet. 1 844-91 on an area of openland belonging to Foe! (26-a) [1 844TMS; 081891 ]. This may refer to a possible entrenchment on the nearby hill (see sub Penmoel Dihewyd, 27-b) , or have been named after Castlehill (54-a). Casl-bach -(SN 491 -547)[E.tn Castle[hill] (+ bach)] ; [kasJ'ba:x, now tegvrm J. D. Davies] Castell-bach OS 1 89 1 , Castell-bach OS 1 904, Tegfryn OS1 982 Cefu-y-bryn -(SN 5 1 3-522)[cefn + y + bryn] ; Cefn-y-bryn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 [081891 ; 081904]. Cil-llwch -(SN 474-565)[cil + y + llwch] ; [cil llwch 1 948 GMG p.235] Kil y Llwch 1 564rent, Killie Llwch 1 65 1 rent, Ki1 Llwch 1760CF, Cillwen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1, (pn.) Ieuan Gil-llwch 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p.63, Cil'llwch OS 1 834, Cillwch, Cillwch isa (prox.) 1 84 1 cens ., Cillwch, Cilllwch 1 844TMS, Cil-llwch OS 1 89 1, Cillhwch OS 1 904 The meaning of llwch appears to be a body of stagnant water, which probably stood about the junction of Nant Cil-llwch with the river Mudr, cf Cil-llwch (4-a). Clungwyn(i) -(SN 509-525)(Fronddu)[clun + gwyn]; Clyngwyn 1 8 1 7PR Dihewyd, Clun-gwyn OS 1 834, Clyngwyn 1 844TMS, Clyn-gwyn OS 1 891 Clungwyn(ii) -(SN 490-536)(Bryncesyg)[clun + gwyn] ; [khu'gwm M. Thomas, klm'gwm J. D. Davies] Clun-gwyn OS 1 834, Clyngwyn 1 844TMS, Clyn-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , Clyn-gwyn OS 1 982 Comant -(SN 494-525) [cornant] ; [k�rnant M. Thomas] Coynant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cornant 1 81 8PR Dihewyd, Cor Nant OS 1 834, Cornant 1 844TMS, Cornant OS 1 891 The term cornant means 'small, fast flowing, stream', it may refer to the tributary of the Granell that comes from Tyddyndu (22-a), which is at its steepest near Cornant, or to a smaller stream The form of 1 8 1 1 is likely to be a mistake, but cf. Tan-y-gorlan (44-a). Crosswood -(SN 488-557) [E.tn. Crosswood] ; [kr�s'od (�xa + ifa), now ar'�sva J. D. Davies, kr�f 'od M D. Jenkins] inf The name Crosswood is a translation of Trawsgoed (60-a). Crugserth -(SN 506-533)[crug + serth]; [kri:g'sere M. Thomas] Crug-serth OS1 891 Cwmtywyll -(SN 499-555)[cwm + tywyll] ; Y Cwm Towill 1 564rent, Cwmtywyll 1 824 D.Davis p.20 1 , Cwmtywill 1 844TMS, Cwm-tywyll OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Shaci Cwmtywyll 1 904 D. Jenkins ix Cylch Bethlem -(SN 489-555)(cylch + tn. Bethlem (26-a)]; Cylch Bethlehem (sign) 439

(26) MEBWYNION A housing estate. DlliEWYD -(SN 483-562)[dihewyd] ; [di'hoWid, di'heWid E. Davies, di'ew1d M Thomas, J. D. Davies, M D. Jenkins, dihewid 1 948 GMG p.232] Betus Bydonith 1 284 CalChartR p.275, Betus Bidouth 1 299 CalPR p.405, Dyewyt 1 3 76 CalPR p.257, Diheoit 1 3 90 CalPR p. 206, Diheott 1 400 ERSt-David p. 1 54, Dyhewyd 1 41 4 PD, Dyhewyde als. Betous Bidywyt 1 41 5 in 1 950 JHSCW vol.2 p.44, Dyhewidd 141 8-1 9 in 1 868 G. T.O.Bridgeman p. 9 1 , Dyhewed 1 43 3 Orig.AC p.5, Dehewette 1 440 CalPR p.433, Hewyde 1 53 5 VE p. 394, Dihewyd 1 564rent, Dehewid 1 578map C. Saxton, Bettws Bydewyth als. Dihewydd 1 583 F. Green MSS vol.25 3 89, Dihewid 1 590 Crosswood MSS, Dyhewyd 1 595/96 Cilgwyn I MS S, Dihewyd 1 596 Cilgwyn I MSS, Dehewyd 1 602 in 1 93 5 BBCS vol. 7 p. 307, Ll. Vitalis 1 606EPC, Dehewyd 1 61 4 Crosswood MSS, Dyhewid 1 625-47 in NLW MS 763 -D (GMG), Dyhewid 1 65 1 rent, Bettus Bidowith, 'commonly called' Dyhevid 1 674 Price of Norton MSS, Difewid 1 685 CD 75, Dehewidane, Dehewid c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Dichwood als. Hewyde, Dihewid 1 72 1 E.Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Dehewid 1 728 Peterwell MS 1 1 , Dehewyd 1 760map E.Bowen, Dehueidd 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Dihewid 1 803map J. Singer, Llanwyddalus 1 808 S .RMeyrick p.2 1 2, Dihewid OOS 1 81 1 , Llanwydalus 1 836 RRees p.327, Dehiwed 1 83 9TMS Llannarth, 'fair held at' Llanwyddalys 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 308, Dihewid, St. Vitalis' Church (Per Cur) OS 1 89 1 , Llwynwyddalis 'said to be old name' 1 954 F. Jones p. 1 57, Ch OS 1 982 An earlier name was Betwsbydo.fYdd: Betus Bydonith 1284, Betus Bidouth 1 299, Betous Bidywyt 1 41 5, Bettws Bydewyth 1 583, Bettus Bidowith 1 674. The Demetian Calendar [1500¥2] noted a G[wyl] Fidalis a Bido.fYdd held on the twenty-sixth of April, along with a fair. Could Bydo.fYdd be an epithet of the Christian God? c� byd + o.fYdd) [1879 J. Rhys: 294], cf. the once-only attestation of lluouit [c. 1250 BBC: 39] glossed as 'army leader' [1982 A o. H. Jarman: 1 54]. The meaning of the word o.fYdd 'bard' was influenced by do.fYdd 'lord, master; God' (lit. 'tamer') [D. s. Evans 1954 BBCS: 15.198-200]. The form Betws Dihewyd [1997 T. Roberts: 43] is a rnisinterpration of the forrn Betous Bidywyt of 1 4 1 5 . For the dedication to Fidalis, see sub F.fynnondalis (26-a). The form Ll. Vitalis of 1 606 is probably a learned coining, and the forms Llanwydalis and Llanwyddalis show these to have been misinterpreted from a written source. Church rebuilt within the last twenty years [1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 .308]. The alternative name - Dihewyd - is evidenced as early as 1 3 76, and seems to be the same as the noun dihewyd 'earnest desire, eagerness, ardency, resolve, zeal' [GPC s.v. dihewyd] (not 'void of ardency or zeal' [1 808 s. R. Me)'Tick: 212]). It is tentatively made a substantive derivative of the verb dyheu 'to pant (with difficulty), to throb' by GPC [s.v. dyheaf] , but could feasibly be a substantive derivative of the adjective diau 'certain'. None of the meanings of dihewyd, dyheu or diau seem to suit a toponym, even if the meaning of dihewyd is allowed to shift to mean '(llecyn) dymunol' [1997 T. Roberts: 43]. It seems likelier to me that the meaning of dihewyd, could also be applied, through connotations of male sexual desire, to the idea of 'a rise' (cf. Bryndyre, 22-a), and it is noteworthy that the sites of both Pendihewyd (71 b) and this Dihewyd (if you take the name to have originally referred to Penmoel Dihewyd, 1 . 5km SE) are distinctly separate hills. Yet another Dihewyd (ST 07-85, Llantwit Faerdre, Glams.) adjoins a distinctly separate hill now called Foe!; this was given as Fynnon Illtid or [sic for ar?] Dyr-y-ddi-hewid [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .37], and is also noted Y Ddihewyd, Moe! Ddihewyd [GPC s.v. dihewyd] . Because of the well-attested ftnal it is hardly possible to interpret the tn. Doldeheuwydd (SH 63-04, Pennal, Mers.), Dole Deheywyth 1 592-93 [p.c. T. Roberts] as containing the term dihewyd (pace the form Dol Dihewyd(d) in GPC [ s.v. dihewyd]) - added to which is its location on a valley bottom is in contrast with the other places mentioned containing dihewyd. Dolau -(SN 473-573)[dolau]; [dole J. Pugh] Dole Ffosdwn, Dolau Ffosdwn 1 844TMS, Dolau OS 1 89 1 Drewen -(SN 489-561 )[y + tref + gwen] ; [dre'wen M D. Jenkins, J. D. Davies] Drewen 1 760CF, Drewen OOS 1 81 1 , Drewern 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Pentre fach als. Drewen 1 81 7 CIWSt-David MSS vol. 1 1 p. 1 79, Dre-wen OS 1 89 1 Dyffrynceilog -(SN 483 -557) [dyffryn + hn . Ceilog] ; [d�frm E . Evans, J . D . Davies, d�frm'kejl;,g fully J. D . Davies] Llettyr Krydd 1 564rent, Diffrin Keylog 1 65 1 rent, Tyr Lletty yr Crydd als. Tir Dyffrin Keilog 1742/43 Mynachdy MSS, Dyfryn 1 786 NLW MS 61 6-D, Dyffryn fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffryn Ceiliog 1 827PR Dihewyd, Dyffryn-mawr OS 1 834, Dyffryn als. Dyffrynceilog 1 840 Bronwydd MSS, Dyffrynceiliog 1 844TMS, Dyffryn-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Dyffryn-ceilog OS 1 904, Dyffryn OS 1 982 Dyffryn-fach -(SN 480-556)[dyffryn (+ bach)]; -

440

(26) MEBWYNION Dyffryn fach OOS 1 81 1 Feinog-fach -(SN 477-553)[y + meiniog (+ bach)]; Feinog fach 1 839TMS, Veinog vach 1 841 cens. Feinog-ganoi -(SN 478-548)[y + meiniog (+ canol)]; [vejn�g 'gan�l J. D. Davies] Feinog-ganol 08 1 904 Feinog-isa -(8N 468-560)[y + meiniog (+ isaf)]; [vejn�g'ifa E. Davies, J. D. Davies, feinog 1 948 GMG p.236] Veynog 1 70 1 Hendrefelen M88, Veinog 1 760CF, Faenog 1 803map J. 8inger, Faynog 088 1 8 1 1 , Vainog 181 3PR Dihewyd, Faenog 08 1 834, Feinog issa 1 839TM8, Vaynog als. Vaynog issa 1 840 Bronwydd MSS, Veinog 1 84 1 cens. , Y Faenog 1 881 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 37, Feinog-isaf 08 1 891 , Faenog isaf OS1 982 It is difficult to ascertain whether the places named Feinog in Dihewyd parish refer, either: 1) to the adjoining river: or 2) to the adjoining land. The river is now called Ajon Feinog, and this could be equally interpreted as 'stony river' or 'the river of Feinog'. Since the article is rarely found in a river-name, the lenition of meiniog due to an elided article leads me to question whether this was originally a river-name, and to prefer the explanation that Feinog referred to the land rather than the river, as with the common cognate Breton toponym, e.g. ar Veneg (F. Menec, Huelgoat, Finistere). There is a Blaenmeinog (SN 36-35, Penboyr, Carms.), which is related to a nearby stream called Y Feinog, a small tributary of Bargod [1899 D. E. Jones: 9], it has yet to be established whether the river-name Y Feinog derives from a place-name, or whether it was the original name of this stream; in this case the disconcerting variation between lenited and non-lenited forms confuses the issue. Feinog-ucha -(SN 478-544)[y + meiniog (+ uchaf)] ; [vejn:lg';)x,a J. D. Davies] Faynog ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Vaenog ucha 1 8 1 3PR Ciliau-Aeron, Veinog ucha 1 81 8PR Llannerchaeron, Feinog ucha 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 85, Faenog-uchaf 081 834, Feinog ucha 1 839TMS, Veinog ucha 1 844TMS, Feinog-uchaf OS 1 891 Ffatri Penbryn -(SN 5 07-5 1 6)[ffatri + tn. Penbryn (26-a)] ; Fron-felen Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Ffatri Penbryn 1 977 W.D.Llewellyn p. 34, Waun Penbryn ? 1 984 J. G. Jenkins p. 1 37 A woollen factory 1 880-1900 [1 984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37]. Ffatri Penwem -(SN 5 1 3 -5 1 4)[ffatri + tn. Penwem (26-a)}; [fatri,pem'br;)n, now fatri,brm'awel M. Thomas] Pen-bryn Factory (sic) 081 904, Ffatri Gyntaf Penwern, Ffatri Newydd Penwem 1 977 W.D.Llewellyn p.3 4, Ffatri Penwern 1 982 Llais Aeron n. 5 1 Inexistent [OS 1 89 1 ] . The first factory is less than 1 OOm NW from the second factory [ 1 977 w . D . Llewellyn: 34] ; woollen factory 1 840-1 953 [1984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37]. Ffosdwn -(8N 476-568)[ffos + y + dwn] ; [f�s'dun M. D. Jenkins, fos'dun E. Davies,ffos dwn 1 948 GMG p. 237] Foesydwn 1 767rent p. 240, Ffo[ ] y Dwyn {dwyn altered to dwn} 1 78 1 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Ffoes Dwn 1 798 NLW MS 61 6-D, Fos y Dwn 1 8 1 6PR Dihewyd, Ffos Dwn 1 82 1 PR Dihewyd, Fros-dwn OS 1 834, Ffosdwn, Ffoesdwn 1 844TMS, Ffos-dwn OS 1 891 Cf Cilfachdwn (34-a). Ffynhonwen -(SN 500-546)[ffynnon + gwen] ; [f;)n' h�nwen M. Thomas, f�n·�nwen J. Pugh, ffynh onnwen 1 948 GMG p.23 8] Ffinnon Wen 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Ffunon Wen als. Ffynnon Wen 1 753 Peterwell MS 44, Ffynnonwen OOS 1 81 1 , Ffynnonwen 1 8 1 4PR Dihewyd, Ffynhon Wen 1 8 1 6PR Dihewyd, Fynon Wen 1 8 1 6PR Dihewyd, Ffynnon-wen OS1 834, Ffynonwen 1 844TM8, Ffynnon-wen OS 1 891 Ftynhonwen-fach -(8N 501 -546)[ffynnon + gwen (+ bach)] ; Ffynnon-wen-ffich OS 1 891 Ftynnondalis -(SN 487-553)[ffynnon + pn Fidalis] ; [f;)D:ln'dahs E. Davies, J. D. Davies, M D. Jenkins, ffynnon dalis 1 948 GMG p. 238] Llwyn Ffynnon Ffidalis, Rhyd Ffynnon Ffidalis 1651rent, Ter Rhid Ffynnon Ffidalis 1 65 1rent {v.l. 1 954 F.Jones p. 1 56 } , Ffynnonfadalis OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynnon Wydalis 1 81 4PR Dihewyd, Ffynon Dalis 1 826PR Dihewyd, Ffynnon Fadalis 081 834, Ffynondalis 1 844TMS, Ffynnon-dalis OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon Wyddalus 1 963 M.Richards p. 224 "Dywed lien gwlad fod yma gapel eang yn sefyll uwch y ffynnon, a bod darnau o'i furddyn i'w ganfod yng nghof rhai sydd yn fyw. " [1 904 Cymru: 28.239]. Dihewyd church was dedicated to Fidalis a Bido.fydd [1 500212 Dem.Calend.]; Vita/is [1808 s. R. Meyrick: 212; 1 836 R. Rees: 327]. Most commentators take Gwyddalis to be the '

441

(26) MEBWYNION form of the patron saint of Dihewyd (cf Heolgwyddalis, 26-a) , whereas the pronunciation and documentary forms of the above place-name show the saint's name to have been Fidalis. This makes P. 6 Riain's attempt [ 1 994: 391 ] to connect the name to the name to W. gwyddel 'Irish person' founder. The name Fidalis, seems to be a late borrowing from Vita/is, a medieval form of the L.pn. Uitalis - an earlier borrowing would have given the attested Gwidol, cf Rhoswidol (Penegoes, Monts.), B.tn. Gwidel (F. Guide!, Morbihan). For a similar type of later Latin borrowing of a personal-name, cf Llangristiolus (Angl.). It could also be argued that a name such as Fide/is [c. l 1 40 LL: 365 ] , a disciple of Teilo, could have given the saint's name, but the would then be a problematic feature of the attested forms of Fidalis. It would seem that Fidalis refers to Vita/is of Ravenna, a third-century martyr, whose feast (the twenty-eighth of April) was well-known in Britain, and was recorded by both Bede and the Old English Martyrology. The feast-day of Fidalis was on the twenty-sixth of April [ 1994 P. 6 Riain: 391 ] . Foel -(SN 496-549)[y + moel] � [vo:l J. D . Davies] Foel 1 8 1 6PR Dihewyd, Foel (sic loc.) 08 1 834, Voel Dihewid 1 844TMS, Foel 08 1 89 1 , Y Foel 08 1 982 Refers to Penmoel Dihewyd (27-b). Foel-fach -(SN 494-550)[y + moel (+ bach)]� Foel-mch 08 1 891, Foelfach 1 963 D .RDavies p.45 Fronddu -(SN 503 -53 1 ) [y + bron + du]� [br;,n' 1 246(1 33 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Kellieu, Gwonyn >1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Kelli yr Gwenyn 1 540 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Kelly Kenvyn 1 548 in 1 954 E.ALewis & J.C.Davies p.29, Kellie yr Gwenyn 1 560 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Kelly Gwenyn, Kelly Gwenwyn 1 577rent (GMG), Kelly Gwenwm als. Gwenwin 1 577(c. 1 598)rent (GMG), Kelly Wenne 1 600 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, Kelly Gwenyne 1 60 1 in 1 93 8 E. G.Jones, Gelly Gwenin, Kellie yr Gwenyn 1 6 1 8-19rent, Gelly'r Gwenin 1 633 Crosswood MSS, Gelli'r Gwenyn 1 669 Pengelli MSS, Tire y Gelly y Envill 1 682/83 CD 72, Gelly Gwenin 1 747 Crosswood MSS (GMG), Gelly Gwenin 1 760CF, Gelli Gwenyn 1 803map J. Singer, Gelli Gwennen OOS 1 8 1 9, Gelli-gwenyn OS 1 834, Gelli-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 Crudawelon -(SN 561 -506)[ crud + awelon] ; Crudawelon OS 1 982 Cwm-mawr -(SN 558- 5 1 8)[cwm + mawr]; [kum'mowr D. Davies, M Hughes] Cwm mawr 1 760CF, Cwm mawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmmawr 1 845TMS, Cwm-mawr OS 1 891 Deri-goch - ( SN 562-500)[deri + coch] ; [deri'go:z M. Hughes]

456

(28) MEBWYNION Derrygoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Derrygoch fawr + fach 1 81 8sur map, Derri-goch, (c) Pont Derri-goch (prox. ) OS 1 834, Dderigoch, Derigoch 1 845TMS, Deri-goch OS1 89 1 , Y Dderi-goch 1 950-67 GPC s.v. dar Both places adjomed 1n 1 8 1 8, -fach more to N than -fawr. Dremddu-fach -(SN 5 55-527)[y + trum + du (+ bach)] ; [dremt'H'va:z N. Davies, dr�m6i'va:z T. Parry] Dremddu fach 1 845TMS, Drem-ddu-iach OS 1 89 1 , Dremddu-fach 1 989 E.M. Jones p.23 Dremddu-fawr -(SN 554-528)[y + trum + du (+ mawr)] ; [drem1 894 in 1 904 D. Jenkins p.5 Pantgwyn -(SN 563- 5 1 4)[pant + gwyn]; Pantgwyn 1 845TMS, Pant-gwyn OS 1 891 Pant-yr-onnen -(SN 5 63-51 6)[pant + yr + onnen] ; (c) Gwain Pant yr One 1 8 1 8sur map, Pantyronen 1 845TMS Pencwar-bach -(SN 582-503)[pen + cwar + bach] ; Pen-cwar-bach OS 1 891 Inexistent [os 1 904]. Pengraig -(SN 571 -5 1 2)[pen + y + craig]; Pengraig isa + ucha 1 845TMS Penlan -(SN 560-5 1 6)[pen + y + glan] ; Penlan 1 845TMS, Penlan 1 989 E.MJones p.23 Penlleinau -(SN 567-5 1 6)[pen + y + lleiniau] ; Cwrt y PwdeL Cwrtybwdel 1 845TMS, Pen-y-lleiniau OS 1 89 1 , Penllaenau 1 907MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.33, Penlleine 1 9 1 3MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.46, Penlleine OS1 982 Penprysg -(SN 568-520)[pen + y + prysg] ; Tir Pen y Pryf Melyn ? 1 662 Bronwydd MSS, Pen Prisk 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpls. , Penpriske 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen y Prise OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-y-prysg OS1 834, Penprisk, Penbrysg 1 845TMS, Pen-prysg OS 1 89 1 , Penprisc 1 989 E.M. Jones p. 1 5 Penrhiw -(SN 575-506)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-y-rhiw OS 1 834, Penrhiw 1 845TMS, Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiw Silian 1 904 D.Jenkins 1x Pensietin -(SN 570-5 1 4)[pen + y + sietin] ; [penJ'etm inf. ] Tire Pen y Shetting als. Lleine Pen Naw Rienne 1 682/83 CD 72, Pen Sheting 1 825-30 NLW MS 427 1 -D (GMG), Pensilling, Pensitting 1 845TMS, Pen-siettin OS 1 89 1 , Penshetting 1 892MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.3, Pen Shettin 1910 Cymru vol. 39 p. l 23, Penshettin 1989 E.MJones p. l 5 Perthele -(SN 554-534)[perth + fpn. Elen ? ] ; [ber8'ele T. Parry] Perth Ela OOS 1 8 1 9 {v.l. GMG} , Perth[ ] ila OOS 1 8 1 9, Perth-hela OS 1 834, Perthele, Perthell Farm 1 845TMS, Perthelel 1 854 Glansevin MSS, Parthele 1 875 Ystrad SF, Perth-hela OS 1 89 1 , Perth-hela OS 1 904, Berthele OS 1 982 The forms are too late to be sure, but the second element ele appears to be for f pn. Elen, cf Brynelen (41-a). There is no known Roman or paved road in the vicinity, so that a connection with the various roads

458

(28) MEBWYNION called Sarnelen is questionable. The word elain 'fawn, young deer' might also be invoked as an explanation; cf Craig-yr-helen (76-b). Perthele-fach -(SN 558-535)[perth + fpn. Elen ? (+ bach)] ; [ber8,ele'va:z T. Parry] Perthele fach 1 845TMS Pistyllgwyn -(SN 560-504)[pistyll + gwyn]; [piStd'gwm A. Davies] Red Cow OS1 834, Shop fach 1 845TMS, Pistyll-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , Pistyll-gwyn OS1 904 Plas-newydd -(SN 571 - 5 1 2)[plas + newydd] ; The Plasnewydd Inn 1 891MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.3, Plas ? 1 893MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.5, 'inn' Plasnewydd 1 989 E.M.Jones p. 1 6 Pwllcwarre -(SN 559-507)[pwll + cwarre] ; [poi'kware E . M Hughes] Pwllquare, Pwllquarrau 1 845TMS, Pwll-quarry OS1 891 , Pwllcware OS 1 982 Pwll-yr-onnen -(SN 571 -5 1 2)[pwll + yr + onnen] ; Pwll yr Onnen fawr 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pwllyronen 1 845TMS Redhill House -(SN 575-508)[E. red + hill + house]; Redhill House OS 1 89 1 , Glen View OS 1 904 Rhoslwyn -(SN 566- 5 1 3)[rhos + llwyn]; Rhoslwyn OS 1 982 Rhyd-y-gof-isa -(SN 5 5 5-521 )[ rhyd + y + gof (+ isaf)]; [hri:d�,go:v'i·Ja M. Hughes, hri·d�'go: D. Davies] Tythyn Rrydygoo 1 548 in 1 954 E.A.Lewis & J. C.Davies p.29, Rhyd y Gof 1 6 1 8- 1 9rent, Rhyd y Gof 1 72 1 Crosswood MSS, Rhydygof 1 768rent Crosswood, Rhyd y Gof 1 803map J.Singer, Rhydygof isaf OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-y-gof-isaf OS1 834, Rhyd y Cof 1 845TMS, Rhydygof issa 1 893MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.4, Rhyd-y-gof 0Sc. 1 950, Rhyd-y-gof-uchaf (sic) OS 1 982 See Rhyd-y-gof-ucha (25-a). Sbeit -(SN 566-533)[E. spite] ; Spite OS 1 834, Spite Cottage OS 1 891 SULIAN -(SN 5 7 1 - 5 1 2)[pn. Sulien] ; Sullen 1 284 CalChartR p.275, Sulen 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p.204, Maynor Sullen 1 304 in 1 93 6 MRhys p.289, Suylen 1 309 CalPR p. l 1 5, Sullen 1 339 in 1 889 S.W.Williams Iii, Maynorsullen 1 376 CalPR p.374, Sullien 1 397 CalPR p.262, Sullyefi 1 482 ERSt-David p.452, Sullien 1 49 1 ERSt-David p. 61 8, Sulien 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 800, Silian c. 1 566EPC, Sylyan 1 568 NLW MS 291 2 p. 33, Sylyan 1 578map C.Saxton, Silien 1 599 in 1 934 BBCS vo1.7 p.289, Sylian 1 600 in 1 939 E.G:Jones, Sylliem 1 60 1 Prob. St-David, Silliian 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 298, Sillien 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Silien 1 72 1 Pengelli MSS, Sillian 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4 (GMG), Llansilian 1 760map E.Bowen, Llansillan 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Silian 1 774 Mynachdy MSS, Plwyv Silian 1 799EPC, Silian, Ch. Silian 1 803map J. Singer, Silian isa (prox.) 1 8 1 5PR Llanwenog, Silian OOS 1 81 9, Sulian (Sulien) 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 369, Silian als. Llansilian 1 836 R.Rees p. 328, Sulian 1 869 B. Williams p.40, Silian als. Sulien, 'in full' Llansulien 1 878 B. Williams, Silian, St. Sulien's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , S iliam 1 983 Clone n 1 1 This place-name seems to be the pn. Sulien, OW. Sulgen, and it the church is given as dedicated to Sulien in a late source [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis ( 1 850 edn): 2.369 ] . The development of fmal to in the sixteenth century is irregular in Cardiganshire dialects but may be compared with intermittent incidences of the same phenomenon in other dialect areas which have conserved fmal unaccentuated , e.g. the hn. Tanad (Monts./Denbs./Salop.), noted Abertannet in 1 299, but which had become Tanad by the fifteenth century [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 20] , and to be connected to Thanet (Kent), and OB.pn. element tanet 'fiery, blazing' [ 1 964 L. Flemiot: 3 99 ] ; the pn. Cathen in Llangathen (Canns.), is found as Langathan in 1 323 and 1 388, though it is mostly Langathen in medieval documents, the name is likely to be contained in the lost township of Mahathan in the adjoining parish of Llanarthne (Canns.), Maghhatan 1 33 9, Meyhaythen 1 576, Myhathan 1 625, and Cetheinog the name of the commote that included Llangathen [ 1 970 BBCS: 23.324-25; 1 972a M. Richards: 390] (I. Williams [ 1 930b: 229] thought the original form of the name was Cathen, whilst M Richards [ 1 970 BBCS: 23.325 ] entertained the possibility that it was Cathan), cf Cwmcathan (Carms.) and B.tn. Langazen (Tremaouezan, Finistere). The inclusion of G[wyl] Vael a Sylien on the thirteenth of May [ 1 5002/2 Dem.Calend. ] , was probably in reference to Sulian, but it is likely that the Sulien that gave his name to Sulian was a different person to saint Sulien who was associated with Mae/. An inscription dated before 1 1 OOAD has formerly been read as SILBANDVS IACIT, but it is now suggested to read [ ] FILl BANDVS IACIT [ 1 994 W. Gw. Thomas : 4 1 4] , and if so, has even less of a possible connection with 459

(28) MEBWYNION the pn. Sulien. Church reb. 1 839 [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2.369] ; b. 1 873 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tmner: 227; 1 903 G. E. Evans: 241] . Comprising: 1 ) Bro-Tawela, 2) Brynteg, 3 ) Pengraig, 4) Plas-newydd, 5 ) TY-du, 6) Tynllain, 7) Tynlon, 8) Ysgol Sulian. Tanfforest -(SN 579-496)[tan + y + fforest] ; [tan'f:.rest A Davies] Danyfforest 1 767rent p.240, Dan y Forest OOS 1 8 1 9 {v. l. GMG} , Tan y Fforest OS 1 8 1 9, Tan-y-fforest OS1 834, Dan' y Forest 1 839TMS Llanbedr Pontsteffan, Tanforest 1 845TMS, Tan-y-fforest OS 1 891 , Tanfforest 1 896MR Talsam-a-Sulian p. 1 1, Tanfforest OS 1 982 Tangaer -(SN 570-509)[tan + y + caer]; Tan y Gaer 008 1 8 1 9, Tan-y-gaer OS 1 834, Tangar 1 845TMS Does not seem to refer to Gaer (28-b), but to the hill directly behind it where I know of no fortifications. Tangraig -(SN 578-5 1 1 )[tan + y + craig]; [tau'grajg inf ] Danygraig 1 760CF, Tan y Graig OOS 1 8 1 9, Tan-y-graig OS 1 834, Tangraig 1 845TMS, Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Tangraig 1 979 Llais Aeron n.21 Tanlan -(SN 572-509) [tan + y + glan]; [tan'lan inf ] Tanlan 1 91 7MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p. 54, Tanlan 1 977 Llais Aeron n. 6, Tanlan 1 989 E.MJones p.23 This was a mud house (ty-pridd) on Gwargamlas (28-a) courtyard [ 1 989 E. M. Jones: 23 ] . Ty-du -(SN 5 70- 5 12)[tY + du]; Ty Duy 1 728 Bronwydd MSS, Ty Du 1 845TMS, Plas bach 1 904MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.27, 'composed of three cotts.' Plasbach, Plascanol, Plas Cottage 1 989 E.M.Jones p. 1 6 Ty-newydd -(SN 556-5 1 0)[tY + newydd]; [ti'newil> A Davies] Ty-newydd 1 845TMS, Ty-newydd OS1 891 Tynffordd -(SN 566-5 14)[tyddyn + y + ffordd]; [tm'f:.rt> inf.] Ty'n y Ftord OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-ftordd 081 834, Tynftordd 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-ftordd 08 1 891 , Ty'n-y­ fford OS 1 982 Tynfron -(SN 558-51 7)[tyddyn + y + bron]; Ty'n-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tynfron OS1982 Tyn-y-gors -(SN 573-509)[tyddyn + y + cors] ; Ty'ny-gors 1 845TMS Tynrheol -(SN 564-5 1 4) [tyddyn + yr + heol]; Ty'n yr Hewl 1 845TMS, Ty'n-yr-heol OS 1 89 1 , Tynrhewl 1 893MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p. 5, Arfryn 1 9 1 1MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p.42, Arfryn OS 1 982 This place seems to have changed its name bet. 1 893-1 9 1 1 . Tynllain -(SN 572- 5 12)[tyddyn + y + llain]; Ty'n y Llain 1 845TMS, Tynllain 1 894MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p. 7, Cartref OS1 982, Tynllain 1989 E.M. Jones p. 1 6 Three cottages [ 1 989 E . M. Jones: 16] ; see Llain-isa (28-a). Tynlon -(SN 573-512)[tyddyn + y + Ion] ; Tynylon 1 760CF, Ty'n Lon OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-lon OS1 834, Tynlone 1 845TMS, Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , The Vicarage 1 895MR Talsam-a-Sulian p.9, The Old Vicarage OS 1 982, Y Vicarage 1 989 E.M.Jones p. 8, Y Ficerdy 1 989 E.MJones p. 1 6 Ysgol Sulian -(SN 570-5 1 1)[ysgol + tn. Sulian (28-a)] ; School OS 1 89 1 , Ysgol Silian 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 50, Silian V.P. 1 967 WLS, Hall OS 1 982 Closed 1 974 [inf.]. geonyms Cwmins Sulian -(SN 564-520)[cwmins + tn. Sulian (28-a)]; [�'kump1s inf. ] Cam OS1 834, Silian Common 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL1

460

(29) MEBWYNION LLANGYBI Ardwyn -(SN 606-529)[ar- + twyn] ; [ma·r'ardojn D. T. Evans] Ardwyn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1-1 904 (OS189 1 ; OS1904). Bane -(SN 577-530) [banc] ; [baiJk, baiJk'betos T. Parry] Pen y Bane OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen-plwyf Lodge OS 1 89 1 , Bane 1 904 D .Jenkins lvii BETWSBLEDRWYS -(SN 595-520)[betws + pn. Bledrwys] ; [betos M. Davies, �.dbetos D. T. Evans, betws bledrws 1 948 GMG p. 278] Bethus Bledrus 1 284 CalChartR p.275, Betus Bledrus 1 299 CalPR p.405, Bettous Bletherous 1 339 in 1 889 S.W.Williams Iii, Bettous Blederous 1 340 CalPR p.447, Sancti Michis de Bettos Bletheros, Bert Bletheros 1398 ERSt-David p. 86, Bettous Bletherous, Bettous Bletherowse 1 488 ERSt-David p. 528, Bettus Bledros 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Bottons Bledrous 1 53 5 VE p.394, Bettws Bledri 1 560 NLW MS 29 1 2 p. 20, Y Bettws c. 1 566EPC, Bettus Bletherus 1 578map C. Saxton, Bettws Bledrws c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.63, Bettws Bledrus 1 592 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll.Theakston & J.Davies p. 20, Betus Bleddrus 1 60 1 Prob. St-David, Bettus Bledrus 1 558-1603 in NLW MS 763-D in 1948 GMG p. 278, Bettus Bledrus 1 6 1 3 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bettus Pledrous 1 614 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bettws Bledras 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 1 1 2, Bettus Bledros 1 633 Bronwydd MSS, Betws Cledrogon (sic) c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Bettws Bledrws 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Bettus Bledrys 1 732 NLW MS 793-B p.21 , Bettws Pledrws 1 753/54 Derry Ormond MSS, Bettus 1 760map E.Bowen, Bettws Bledrros 1 783 Bronwydd MSS, Bettws Bledrws 1 803map J. Singer, Bithes Bledrws 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, Bettws Bleddrws 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bettws Bleddrws, Bettws Bleddrws OOS 1 8 1 9, Bettws Inn (prox.) 1 828 BRA ( 1 966) MSS p.24, Bettws-Bledrws, St. Bledrws' Church (Rectory) OS1 89 1 , i'r Betws 1 928 CAST vol.6 p.54 The dedication of the church to Bleddrws [1808 s. R. Meyrick:: 223] is incorrect, and derived solely from the name, as can be seen from the form of 1 3 98. Bledrwys was no doubt an important lay-person who, perhaps, founded this chapel in the twelfth or thirteenth centuries. The name was current as late as the twelfth century - viz. Bledrus (Monts.) [ 1 1 43-5 1 (1 500¥z) in 1993b H. Pryce: 28] - and is also attested in OC. Blethros, Bledros [10th-1 1 �ent. Bod.m.Manu.]) is composed of bledd- 'wolf (a variant form of blaidd) and a somewhat obscure element rhwys 'host; luxuriance' [GM] which also seems to be found in the OW.pn. Athruis [c.l l40 LL: 1 3 1 ], Atroys [>988 Harl. MS 3859: 181 ] (the monophthongisation of the in the twelfth-century form Bledrus, above, is also found in the same source with Trefeglus for MnW. Trefeglwys [ 1 143-51(1 500¥2) in 1 993b H. Pryce: 3 7 ]). The archaic word rhwysg 'pomp, authority, rule', hn. Nant Ruisc (Mathern, Mons.) [c. 1 1 40 LL: 143] may be invoked, and it may be the second element in cyfnvys 'cunning, crafty, wily' (though this is satisfactorily derived by GPC [s.v. cyfrwys, gwys3 ] from � cyfr­ 'completely, wholly, utterly' + gwys3 , an obscure element - though gwys2 and gwys4 suit the meaning, with their undoubted, though unattested, original meaning of 'knowledge', cf.I. fios 'knowledge'). Church reb. 1 83 1 [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 ed.n): 1 .84); reb. 1 887 [ 1903 G. E. Evans: 29 ] . Comprising: 1 ) Betws Fann, 2) Glan-yr-afon, 3) Loj, 4) Rectory, 5) Sawmills, 6 ) Bro-Deri. Betws Farm -(SN 597-520)[tn. Betws (29-a) + E. farm] ; [betos'farm D. T. Evans] Bettws Farm 1 828 BRA ( 1 966) MSS p.24, Bettws Farm 1 839TMS, Whitehall OS1 904, Bettws Farm OS 1 982 Nearby is wajt'ho:l with neja()'wen on opposite side of road [inf. D. T. Evans]. Blaenafon -(SN 595-546) [blaen + afon] ; Blaen-afon OS 1 89 1 The afon referred to is Mourig(ii). Bro-Deri -(SN 593-5 1 8) [bro + tn. Deri[-Wrman] (29-a)]; [bro'deri D. T. Evans] Bro Deri OS 1 982 A housing estate. Bro-Duwlas -(SN 608-520)[bro + hn. Duwlas] ; [bro'diWlas, written bro'ddajs D. T. Evans] Bro Dulas (sign) A housing estate. Bryncoed -(SN 578-528)[bryn + coed] ; Bryn-coed OS 1 891 461

(29) MEBWYNION Brynmadog -(SN 580- 529)[bryn + pn. Madog] ; [br�n'mad:1g T. Parry, D. T. Evans] Bryn perveth ? >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Bryn pervethe ? 1 548 in 1 954 E.ALewis & J.C.Davies p.29, Tir Bryn y Pervedd ? 1 61 9 CD, Bryn perveth ? 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Brynperveth ? 1 673/74 Derry Ormond MSS, Tir Bryn y Perveth als. Bryn y Perveth ? 1 69 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Bryn Ervedd als. Bryn y Perfedd ? 1 732 Derry Ormond MSS , Bryn Madock 1 839TMS, Bryn Mattock 1 841 cens. , Bryn-madog OS 1 89 1 , Brynmadog >1 894 i n 1 904 D.Jenkins p. 93 The appearance of the present form of this toponym as late as 1 839 is strange, the pn. Madog had long been obsolete, so its appearance is as yet without an explanation. Perhaps it was suggested by the legend - well-known in early nineteenth century Wales - of Prince Madog who was said to have discovered America. However, the context in which Brynmadog replaced Brynpeifedd seems obvious enough, for the element peifedd, which originally meant 'middle', but had become obsolete in that sense, only survived with the meaning 'entrails', meaning that the name was amenable to replacement or modification in the atmosphere of the nineteenth century, see sub Brynpeifedd (61-a). Brynmadog-bach -(SN 581 -524) [bryn + pn Madog (+ bach)] ; (brm,mad:lg 'bd3 T. Parry, D. T. Evans] Bryn-madog-bach OS 1 891 Bwlchffin -(SN 5 82-523)[bwlch + y + ffm] ; [bulz'fi:n D. T. Evans] Bwlch-y-ffm OS1 891 Bwlchwernen-fach -(SN 603-557) [bwlch + y + gwernen (+ bach) ] ; Bwlch y Wernen 1 749/50 C D 96, Bwlch y Wemen fach 1 791 sur map, Bwlch-wernen-fiich OS 1 891 , Bwlchwernen fach 1 983 Clone n. 1 1 Capel Cilgwyn -(SN (ii)607-5 30)[capel + tn. Cilgwyn (29-a)] ; [kapel'krlgwm D. T. Evans] Cilgwyn Chapel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 5 1 1 , Capel Cilgwyn (Wes. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Llangyb� Cilgwyn c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 280, Cilgwyn Chapel, Ty Cwrdd y Cilgwyn 1 905 G.E.Evans p. 82, Yr Hen Gapel (i) 1 905 G.E.Evans p. 83 i) SN ?. The original Arminian cause was at Cilgwyn-ucha (29-a) [ l 904 J. Evans: l l 5] . b. 1 654 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 5 1 1 ] ; said to be b. 1 654 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 34] ; rest. 1 825 "a little distance higher on the hillside" [ 1 905 G. E. Evans: 82] ; Capel Cilgwyn erbyn hyn yn adfeilion [ 1 903 Cymru: 24.59] ; "Nid oes garreg o'r hen gapel yn aros ers blynyddau bellach. Pan y trodd rhai o hen eglwysi Annibynol y cylch yn Ariaidd glynodd eglwys y Cilgwyn wrth ei hen ddaliadau hyd y diwedd. " [ 1 927 in 1 824 D. Davis (1927 edn): x]. ii) SN 607-530. b. 1 840 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 51 1 ; 1 905 G. E. Evans: 82] ; "Now on a more convenient site on part of a farm called Penybanc in the same parish . . . " [ 1 85 1 Rel cens.: 5 1 1 ] . reb. 1 863 [ c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 280; 1 980 E . Edwards: 72] ; rest. 1 906 [ 1 987 B. J . Rawlins: 1 34] ; closed c. 1 957 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 72] . The congregation was mixed, o f Presbyterians and Arrninians, by 1 864-65 had allied itself t o the Free Methodists, and thus became Wesleyan Methodists [ 1 905 G. E. Evans: 83 ] ; Independent, but became Wesleyan in 1 863 [ 1 984 B. J. Rawlins: 134] . Castellpigyn -(SN 61 5-530) [tn. Castellpigyn (Abergwili, Carms.)] ; [kastcl'pigin, now wern�'glm D. T. Evans] Castell 1 877 Derry Ormond MSS, Castell OS 1 89 1 , Castell 0Sc. 1 950, Wemyglyn OS 1 982 No apparent remains of fortifications. Castell-bach -(SN 6 1 5 -530) [tn. Castell[pigyn] (29-a) (+ bach)] ; [kastcl'ba:z, now bla·,wern'vda D. T. Evans] Castell Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Castell b:kh OS 1 904 Celli-gameddau -(SN 608-554)[celli + carneddau] ; [gcli,gar'ne:e E. Lloyd] Kellygarnedde 1 614 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Gelly Gaer Nedde 1 633 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Gelly Gamethe ycha + issa 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Gelly Garnedd 1 73 4 Bronwydd MSS, Gelly Gamedde 1 765 Bronwydd MS S, Gelly Garnedd[ ] 1 765 Derry Ormond MSS , Gelly Garnedde 1 791 sur map, Gelli Gameddau OOS 1 81 9, Gelli-gameddau OS 1 834, Gelli-garneddau OS 1 89 1 Cilgwyn-bach -(SN 608-543)[cil + gwyn (+ bach)] ; [kdgwm'k:1ted3 D. T . Evans] Kilgwyn ucha 1 8 1 8sur map, Cilgwyn bach OS 1 834, Cilgwyn OS 1 89 1 Cilgwyn-isa -(SN 605-540) [cil + gwyn (+ isaf)] ; [kdgwm'iJa D. T . Evans] Kilgwyn issa 1 8 1 8sur map, Cilgwyn-isaf 1 839TMS, Cilgwyn-isaf OS 1 891 Cilgwyn-ucha -(SN 606-541 ) [cil + gwyn (+ uchaf)] ; [krlgwm'�xa D. T. Evans, kdgwm E. Lloyd] Tythyn y Kylgwin 1 607 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Kilgwyn 1 6 1 3 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Killgwyn 1 68 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Rhandyr y Kylgwyn c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 68, Cilgwyn OOS 1 81 9, Cilgwyn OS1 834, Cilgwyn-

462

(29) MEBWYNION uchaf 1 839TMS, Cilgwyn ucha 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Ty Gwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Kilgwyn issa 1 8001h Nanteos fpls. , Cilgwyn-uchaf OS 1 89 1 There i s a recognisable wide 'nook' that abutts o n a side-valley o f the river Duwlas. About 1 654 a nonconformist chapel was established here, though its actual site is at present unknown [inf. D. T. Evans] . Whether this was built here in order t o remain hidden is questionable, a s the 'nook' directly faces Llangybi church. Coedparc -(SN 589- 5 1 2)[coed + y + pare]; [ko:d'park M Davies, D. Davies, ko·'park D. T. Evans, ko:t'park M Hughes] Coed y Park House c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 87, Coed y Park, Koedey als. Coed y Park 1 727 Peterwell (I) MS 1 4 (GMG), Koed y Park 1 728 Peterwell (I) MS S 9 (GMG), Coedey als. Coed y Park 1 753 Peterwell (I) MS 44, Coed y Parke 1 772 Williams Hove MSS (GMG), Coed y Park OOS 1 8 1 9, Coed y Pare OS 1 834, Coed Park 1 839TMS, Coedpark 1 8 57 NLW MS 3500-B, Coed-pare OS 1 891 Cwm -(SN 598-528) [cwm] ; [i·r'kom D. T. Evans] Cwm 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Cwm 1 791 sur map, Cwm OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm OS 1 891 Cwmcoch -(SN 590-529)[cwm + coch] ; [kom'ko:x, D. T. Evans] Cwm-coch OS 1 89 1 The adjective coch may have some connection with a field on Deri Lodge land (29-a) called ka·'hnkjard [inf. D. T. Evans] . Deildre -(SN 6 1 8-556)[dail + tref]; Dildre 1 83 9TMS, Dildre 1 841 cens. , Dildre OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1 904]. Denmarc -(SN 586-53 6)[E.tn. Denmark [Hill] (London)]; [ denmark M. Davies] (c) Gors Mynydd Gwyn 1 79 1 sur map, Denmark OOS 1 8 1 9, Denmark OS1 834, Denmark OS 1 89 1 , Denmark Hill >1894 in 1 904 D. Jenkins p. 1 1 0, a'r Denmarc 1 904 D.Jenkins lvi The full name - Denmark Hill - was kept in a local rhyme [inf M. Davies] , and for a probable reason for this name having been given, see sub Walworth (29-a). Deri-Wrman -(SN 5 9 1 -524)[deri + pn *Gwrman] ; [deri E. Lloyd, pla:s�'l5eri D. Davies, M. Hughes, deri':Jrm:md M. Davies] Deri Ormond, Dery Ormond 1 791 sur map, Dery Ormond 1 803 map J. Singer, Deri Wormwood 1 8 1 5 TRees p.49 1 , Deri Ormond OOS 1 8 1 9, Derry Ormond OS 1 834, Derry-ormond OS 1 89 1 , o Bias y Dderi >1 9 1 0 in 1 975 Ancr n. 5, pasiem Blas y Dderi 1 9 1 0 Cymru vol 39 p. 120, Derry Ormond Park OS1 982 The old Deri-Wrman was on the site of Deri Lodge (29-a), that site being abandoned on the building of a new mansion on this site after 1 789 ( 1 986 A F. Evans: 289]; lately reb. [ 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 223] ; a newer mansion was b. 1 826 [1 986 A F. Evans: 290]. The mansion was dismantled in the 1 95 0s [ 1 986 A F. Evans: 298] . Deri Lodge -(SN 588-529)[tn. Deri[-Wnnan] (29-a) + E. lodge]; [deri'bd3 D. T. Evans] Dery Worman 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 1 6, Dery Worman 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Derrywrman c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 87, Derrywormod 1 708--09 in 1 98 1 NLWJ vol.22 p. 214, Y Ddery Wrman 1 733 Derry Ormond MSS , Ormonds Oak 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Derry Ormond 1 73 8 Llanllawddog MSS p. 53, Dery Wermood 1 760map E.Bowen, Ddery 1 760CF, Derri 1 76 1 Ty-llwyd MSS, Dery Ormond 1 761 Ty-llwyd MS 245 in 1 948 GMG p. 279, Derry Ormond als. Ormond's Oak 1 783 Derry Ormond MSS, Derry Lodge OOS 1 8 1 9, Derry Lodge OS 1 834, Dery Lodge 1 839TMS, Derry Lodge Farm OS 1 89 1 , Derry Ormand Farm OS 1 982 This was the site of the original Deri-Wrman (29-a), but was replaced by a new mansion on a new site about 1 790, this site having been renamed Deri Lodge by at least 1 8 1 9 (but if functioning as a lodge, was soon replaced by Loj (29-a) in 1 826). Deri-Wnnan was said [ 1733 Deny Ormond MSS] to have formerly been a part of Pencoed-isa (29-a). The pn. Gwrman supplanted by Ormond (I-E.tn. Ormond) in the early eighteenth century. The Irish Earl of Onnond was noted as Iarll Wnnond o Werddon [c. 1600 L Dwnn: 1 . 1 1 5] , and this explains the reanalysis of Deri-Wrman (29-a) to Deri-Ormond which demonstrates Deri­ Wrman had at one stage become *Deri-Wnnon - though this latter form is nowhere attested in the documentation. Gwrman, I believe, is an otherwise unattested personal-name in Welsh composed of gwrm 'dark-blue' with the suffiX -an, cognate to the OI. pn. Gorman [ 1 962 M. A O'Brien: 662], and E-I. sn. Gorman. It may also be attested in the Cornish tn. Trewarmett (Tintagel), which was Trewerman 1 3 02, Trewarman, Trewonnan 1 337, Trewarmett 1 599 ( 1 988 o. l Padel: 1 72, 206), and a cognate to the Welsh element gwrm is attested in the OB.pns. Uurmhaelon, Gurmhailon; Guonnhouuen; Uurmgen, Uurmien -

463

(29) MEBWYNION [ 1 890 J. Loth: 181 ] , the first of which has given the F-B. sn. Gourmelen, Gourmelon; cf. sub Llwynwennwnt (1 9-a). Deri Ormond Cottage -(SN 593-51 5)[tn. Deri-Wrman (29-a) + E. cottage]; Derry-Ormond Cottage OS 1 891 Ebeneser -(SN 61 0-532) [Bibl.tn. Ebenezer]; [eben'eser D. T. Evans] Indt. Chap. OS 1 89 1 , Ebenezer c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.278, Capel Ebenezer OS 1 904, Capel OS 1 982, Ebenezer, Capel Ebenezer 1 985 Clone n. 34 b. 1 772 [ 1 875 R. A Thomas: 84] ; b.c. 1 838, b. c. 1 860 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 3 3 ] ; denom. I. Erw -(SN 604-53 1 )[erw]; [ar'eru, pn. davitfar'eru D. T. Evans] Erw OS 1 891 Erw-lon -(SN 600-539)[erw + lion]; [eru'bn D. T. Evans] Erw-lon OS 1 982 Forest Hall -(SN 608-527)[E. forest + hall]; [forest'h:l:l D. T. Evans] Forest Hall OS1 891 Forest Lane -(SN 607-529)[E. forest + lane]; [f:lrest'le:n D. T. Evans] Forest Lane OS 1 982 A strf;t (i.e. terrace) of twelve houses [illf. D. T. Evans] Ffynhonwen -(SN 605-527) [ffynnon + gwen]; [fan':lnwen D. T. Evans] (c) Park y Ffynhonwen 1 666 Castlehill MSS, Fynnon Wen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.68, Ffynon Wen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 88, Whitewell 1 760map E.Bowen, Ffynnon Fair 1 791 sur map, Ffynnonwen 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS 9 6 in 1 948 GMG p.266, Ffynnon Wen OS1 834, Ffynnonwen cott. 1 83 9TMS, 'cott.' Ffynonwen 1 874 Derry Ormond MS S, Ffynon Wen 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p.304, (c) Ffynnon Gybi, 'Lhuyd called it' Ffynnonwen 1 954 F.Jones p. 1 59, (c) Ffynnon-wen OS1982 The well which is referred to is on the w side of the road at SN 605-527, it was called fan:ln'kabi by churchgoers, but f�n:ln,majsa'fan:ln by all other people [inf D. T. Evans]. Garden House -(SN 592-526)[E. garden + house]; [ga·rdan'haws D. T . Evans] Garden House OS 1 982 The head gardener lived here [inf. D. T. Evans] . Glan-yr-afon -(SN 5 94- 5 1 9)[glan + yr + afon] ; Glanyrafon Cottage 1 839TMS Glanbrechan -(SN 601 - 523)[glan + hn. Brechan] ; [majsa,velm'va:x, old name glan'bre·xan D. T. Evans] Glanbrechan 1 803map J. Singer, Glanbrechan 1 83 9TMS, Maes Felin fach als. Lanbrechan 1 79 1 sur map, Maesyfelen-fach 1 8 1 8sur map, Maesyfelinfach als. Glanbrechan 1 8 1 8sur map, Maes Felin-fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Maes-y-felin fach OS 1 834, Maesfelinfach, Maesfelinfach Farm als. Glanbrechan 1 904 J.Evans p. l 1 8, Lan Brechan 1 924-26 CSRLS 7 "Where the group of houses 'Maesyfelin' is . . . there was formerly a Methodist chapel called 'Lan Brechan'. '' [ 1 924-26 CSRLS 7] . From this name it appears that Brechan was the name of the stream that joins the river Duwlas at Melin Llangybi (29-a); see Maesfelin (29-a); the vocalism of brych has parallels, see Brechfa-fawr (40-a). Glanduwlas-isa -(SN 614-534)[glan + hn. Duwlas] ; [glan,diWlas'iJa D. T. Evans] Glan Diwlas 1 734 Bronwydd MS S, Glandiwlas 1765 Derry Ormond MSS, Glandulas 1792 Derry Ormond MSS, Glandulas-isaf 1 839TMS, Llandulas 1 870 Derry Ormond MSS, Glan-dulas-isaf OS 1 891 See Glanduwlas-ucha (3 1 -a). Glanllillo -(SN 606-539) [glan + ? ] ; [glan'hb, pentre'kagal, now kdgwm D. T. Evans] Glan Llillo 1 839TMS, Glanlyllo als. Pentrecagal 1 847 Derry Ormond MSS, Glanllillo 1 868 Derry Ormond MSS, Glan-llillo OS 1 89 1 My informant, D. T. Evans, believed that Pentre-cagl had been named by someone who had moved here from the village of the same name in Carmarthenshire, though its early attestation inclines me to believe it was coincidentally a similar nickname for this place; cf. Pentre-cagl (20-a). Glanpynfarch -(SN 603 -529) [glan + y + pynfarch]; Glanpen Farch 1 862 Glansevin MSS, 'cott.' Penlon als. Llanpenfarch 1 884 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen-Ion OS 1 89 1 On the banks o f the leat that fed Melin Llangybi (29-a). Its alias seems to refer to it being at the dead-end of a lane that left Tancoed-isa (29-a). .

464

(29) MEBWYNION Goetre-isa -(SN 599-5 13)[y + coed + tref (+ isaf)] � [g;,jtre'i·fa D. Davies, g ;,jtre'ifa D. T. Evans] Tir y Goytre issa 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Gwytre issa 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Goitre issa 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Goitre issa 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p.266, Goedtre isaf 1 79 1 sur map, Coedtref isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Goytre-isaf OS 1 834, Goitre-isaf 1 839TMS, Goetre-isaf OS 1 891 Goetre-ucha -(SN 600-5 1 5)[y + coed + tref (+ uchaf)]; [g;,jtre'aza, g;,jtre'vowr D. Davies] Tyr y Goytre 1 630 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 1 6, Y Goyttre ycha als. (sic) Dan y Fforest 1 664 Castlehill MSS, Tir y Goytre ganol (prox.) 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Rhandyr y Gontre c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 68, Goetrey c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.88, Gwytre ycha 1 734 Bronwydd MS S, Goytre 1 760CF, Coytree 1 760CF {v.l. GMG} , (c) Gallt y Goitry 1 760map E. Bowen, Goitre ycha 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Goitry 1 765map E.Bowen et a/. , Goitre ycha 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p.266, Goetre ucha 1 79 1 sur map, Goitre 1 809PR Llanddewi Brefi, Coedtref uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Goytre-uchaf OS1 834, Goitre-uchaf 1 839TMS, Goetre-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Greenweii -(SN 604-527)[E. green + well]; [gri·n'wel, g ri 'wel D. T . Evans] Greenwell OS 1 89 1 Was this named in opposition t o nearby Fjjmnonwen (29-b)? Gwargors(i) -(SN 595-547)(prox. Mourig)[gwar + y + cors] ; Gwar-gors OS1 891 , Gwar-gors O S 1904, Wargors 1 924-26 CSRLS 7 Gwargors(ii) -(SN 596-546)(on road)[gwar + y + cors] ; Gwar-gors OS1 891 , Gwar-gors OS 1 904 Gwemgabwd -(SN 586- 5 1 6)[gwern + y + ? ] � [wern'gabod, now pen'park MHughes] Gwem Gabiod 1 727 Peterwell (I) MS 14 (GMG), Gwern Gabwd 1 753 Peterwell (I) MS 44, Gwern Gabwd 1 772 Williams Hove MS 1 6 (GMG), Weyn Gabwd 1 772 Hav. WW MS 378 (GMG), Gwern Gabwd 1 78 1 Peterwell (I) MSS (GMG), Wern-gabwd 1 839TMS, Wem-gabwd OS 1 891 , Pen-pare O S 1 982 This toponym undoubtedly shares the obscure element cabwd!cabwd with Gabwd (76-a); Cabwd (33-a), and in the field-names (c34) Wern Gabwd (prox. Blaencaron) [ 1 843TMS Caron]; (c) Gabud fach (prox. Crynfiyn-bychan) [1 8431MS Caron] ; (c71 1 ) Cae Bwd (Ty-llwyd land) ( 1 8411MS Llansant:fred] ; (c1 5 1 ) Cae Pwd (c. l 8401MS Llanddewi Brefi] . It might be related to the varied local forms of the southern wood (L. Artemisia abrotanum) called in south-west Wales: "shiticabwd acennir ef ar y sill olaf Dyma'r gair rhyfeddaf y gwn am dano i ddynodi'r planhigyn a elwir yn hen wr, neu The Old Man. " (Glynharthen) [ 1 908 Cymru: 34. 179]� "shilicabwd . . . bron ymhob gardd. " (Rhydlywys) (1930 WFM MS 1650/2]; "shiligabwd, accents o n shil + bwd = Old Man Cactus. " (Cwmgwaun, Pembs.) [ 1900\14 WFM MS 1 1 1 7] ; jilicabwd (Cards.),jiligabwd (Pembs.) [1 995 Gw. Awbery: 27] � Sili Go Dwt ( 1 901 J. Rhys: 584, 592] . Its alias (commoner throughout the rest ofWales [ 1995 Gw. Awbe:ry: 27]) is also known in Cardiganshire, e.g. (c) Cae'rhen-wr (SN 705-540), ka·r,he·n'u:r [p.c. Gw. Jones] , Bane Hen Wr (sic) ( 1 987 W. P. Ll. Jones], if we can trust the explanation "hen wr yn tyfu yma " [ 1987 W. P. Ll. Jones] . Though D. Hayes [ 1 995 : 1 649] makes hen-wr the field southernwood (L. Artemisia campestris). Gwynfryn -(SN 609-530)[gwyn + bryn] � [gwmvrm, he·n'rekt;,ri D. T. Evans] Vicarage, Llangybi 1 875sur. landowners p.5, Vicarage OS1 891 , Gwynfryn 1 934 D.Jenkins p. l 5 1 , Vic. OSc. 1950, Gwyn:fryn OS 1 982 It was named Gwynfryn before 1 91 4 [inf D. T Evans ]. Hillhouse -(SN 597-523)[E. hill + house]; [hrl'hows D. T. Evans] Co.te 1 839TMS, Hill House OS 1 89 1 , Bronllan OS 1 982 This was the house belonging to the agent of the Deri-Wrman (29-a) estate [inf D. T. Evans] . Hollybush -(SN 597- 5 1 5)[E. holly + bush]; [h;,li'buf D. T. Evans] Holy Bush OS 1 89 1 , Holy Bush OS 1 904 Home-fann -(SN 592-526)[E. home-farm]� [ho:m'farm D. T. Evans] Home Farm OS 1 982 Existent ( 1 8391MS], this was the home-farm to Deri-Wrman (29-a). Llaindelyn -(SN 5 8 1 - 5 1 0)[llain + telyn]; Llain-delyn OS1 891 LLANGYBI -(SN 608-53 1 )[llan + pn. Cybi]; (lag'gibi F. Evans, D. T. Evans, ar'eglos D. T. Evans] Lankeby 1 284 CalChartR p.275, Lankelby 1 299 CalPR p.405, Langelbi, Langelby 1 340 CalPR p.447, Langiby 1361 CalPR p. 1 33, Llangyby 1 390 CalPR p.298, Llangybi 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p.800, Langeby 1 535 VE p. 395, Llann Gybi 1 565 W. Cynwal p. 1 28, Ll. Gybi c. 1 566EPC, Llangybye 1 578map C. Saxton, -

.

465

(29) MEBWYNION Llangeby 1 5 83 F. Green MSS vol.2 5 p . 3 89, Llangyby 1 5 92 in 1 9 1 3 L. E.Ll. Theakston

& J.Davies

p. 20,

Llangibby 1 6 1 3 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Llangibbie 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MSS, Llangibbie 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 08, Llanyby 1 632 CD 3 6, Llangybie 1 63 3 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Llangiby 1 62 5-49 in NLW MS 763-D in 1 948 GMG p. 265, Lhan Gibi c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 pp.67-68, Llangyby 1 72 1 E.Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llangibye 1 734 Bronwydd MS S, Llangubie

1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Langibye 1 75 8

Bronwydd MSS, Llangubby 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanico 1 765map E. Bowen

et a/. ,

Languby 1 772

Crosswood MS S in 1 948 GMG p.265, (vill) Languby 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Llan Gybi 1 799EPC, Llangybby 1 803map J. Singer, Llangybi OS 1 8 3 4, Llangwbi 1 85 9MR Llanddewi Brefi vol.2 p . 5 5 , Llangybi, S t . Cybi's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1

Cybi (1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383]; G[wyl] Gybi, abad a chonffessor o n the fifth o f November (1500% Dem.Ca1end.]; feast-day on the eighth of November [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383]; "In Ireland Cybi's cognate Mochop was feasted on 1 2 November. " [1994 P. 6 Riain: 383 ). The Uita Sancti Kebii [c. l l OO(c. 1 200)] mentioned two Irish saints equated with Cybi - Pupu of Aran, and Mochop of Co. Meath - but these were probably superficial resemblances [1994 P. 6 Riain: 389]. There are two other Llangybi (Mons., Caems.), and Caergybi (Angl.) retains the saint's name. The qualifier in Tregibi (1-a) has been wrongly equated with Cybi by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 34], and doubts must remain upon Carreg-Gibi (L1anwnda, Pembs.) (pace B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 257-58]), though I cannot demonstrate in its case that it is not a reference to Cybi; cf sub Cipyn (81-a). Comprising: 1) Ardwyn, 2) Capel Cilgwyn, 3) Ebeneser, 4) Forest Lane, 5) Greenwell, 6) MaesffYnnon, 7) Tan�y-graig, 8) Tir­ yr-eglwys, 9) T)f-gwyn, 10) Vicarage, 1 1) Ysgol-y-dderi, 1 2) Ysgol Llangybi. Llety-Gybi -(SN 602-5 3 4) [llety + pn. Cybi] ; [ieti kft D. Davies] Tynylofft 1 7 60CF, Ty yn y Loft 1 7 60CF {v. l. GMG} , Ty'n y Loft 1 791 sur map, T)rn y Lloft OOS 1 8 1 9, Tyn-y-Loft O S 1 834, Ty'n-y-lofft OS 1 89 1 , Tynlofft OS 1 982 Tynrhos(i) -(SN 578-533)(Brynmadog)[tyddyn + y + rhos] ; [t�'hro:s T.Parry] Rossan 1 1 98( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Rossan >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tythyn y Rhos 1 633 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Ty'n y Rhos 1 803map J. Singer, Rhos OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhos OS 1 834, Tyn y Rhos, Tynyrhos 1 839TMS Llanfthangel Ystrad, Ty'n-y-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Tyrhos 1 904 J.Evans p. 67 Half in Llangybi parish and half in Ystrad parish. Tynrhos(ii) -(SN 594-545)(Cwmins Llangybi)[tyddyn + y + rhos] ; Tuy yn y Rhos als. Cae'r Tuy y Rhos 1 691 Derry Ormond MSS, Ty Yn y Rhose 1 732 Derry Ormond MS S, Ty'n'y Rhos, Tyn y Rhos 1 839TMS, Blaenmeirig als. Tynyrhose 1 847 Derry Ormond MSS, Ty­ rhos OS 1 89 1 , Tynrhos OS1 904 Tyn-y-waun -(SN 605-5 1 9)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ; Tueyn-y-wyne 1 737 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/3 1 9, Ty'n'y Waun 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-waun OS1 891 In ruins [os 1 904] Walworth -(SN 589-540)[E.tn. Walworth (London)] ; [walw5re D. T. Evans] Walworth 1 828 BRA (1 966) MSS p.24, Walworth OS 1 834, Walworth OS 1 891 This place and Denmarc (29-a) were named after Walworth, and Denmark Hill, which are near each other in London. They were both part of the Deri-Wrman (29-a) estate, and the reason for them having being named so is likely to be found in the origins of John Jones, who bought the Deri-Wrman estate in 1 782, and who had been living in London before that time [ 1 986 A F. Evans: 287-88] . He was the progenitor of the nineteenth-century Jones's of Deri-Wrman. Waungou -(SN 594-545)[y + gwaun + cau]; [wejn'g:>j D. T. Evans] (c) Pant y Waun Goy 1 79 1 sur map, Pantwaingoy 1 799 Derry Ormond MSS, Pantwaun-goy 1 80 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Pant Waun Goy 1 839TMS, Waun-goy OS 1 89 1 Wem-fach -(SN 598-549)[y + gwem (+ bach)] ; [wern'va:z D. T . Evans] Tyr y Werne vach 1 6 1 3 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Wem 1 633 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Y Weme fach 1 68 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Wem fach 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Wem fach 1 8 1 8sur map, Gwern fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Wern-ffich OS1 834, Wern-fach OS 1 89 1 , Wem fach 1 839TMS Ysgolbetws -(SN 593- 5 1 4)[ysgol + tn. Betws (29-a)] ; [�sk:>l'betus D. Davies, �sk:>l�'betus D. T. Evans] School OS 1 904, Bettws Bledrws N.P. 1 945 WLS, Sch. 0Sc. l 950, Betws Bledrws C.P. 1 967 WLS, School House OS 1 982 b. c. 1 830 [ 1986 A F. Evans: 289]; closed 1 974 [inf]; closed 1 976 [ 1 986 A F. Evans: 289] . Ysgol-y-dderi -(SN 606-529) [ysgol + tn. [TWI--]y-dderi (29-b)] ; School OS 1 982, Ysgol-y-dderi 1 983 WLS b. 1 974 [inf.]. This was named so because Twr-y-dderi (29-b) was to be seen from the areas of the five schools that were closed to form this new district school [ 1 986 A F. Evans: 289], viz. Ysgolbetws (29-a), Ysgol Cellan (30-a), Ysgol Llanfair (3 1 -a), Ysgol Llangybi (29-a), Ysgol Sulian (28-a). Ysgol Llangybi -(SN 609-532)[ysgol + tn. Llangybi (29-a)]; [he·n,�sk:>l,la�)'gibi D. T. Evans] Llangybi C.P. 1 967 WLS Closed 1 974 [ inf.]. .

470

(29) MEBWYNION

geonyms

Allt-y-deiidre -(SN 589-524)[allt + tn. Deildre]; [dddre D . T. Evans] Alit y Dildre OS 1 891

47 1

(30) MEBWYNION CELLAN Abermarlais -(SN 634-488)[tn. Abermarlais (Llansadwm, Canns.)] ; (aber'marles GL Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Aber-marlais OS1 891 , Abermalis c. 1 950 H.Lewis Allt-isa -(SN 6 1 9-499)(allt (+ isaf)] ; Yr AUt OOS 1 8 1 9, Rallt OS1 834, AUtisa 1 843TMS, AUt-isaf OS1 891 Allt-ucha -(SN 622- 501)[allt (+ uchat)] ; [rait Gl. Williams] AUt uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Rallt uchaf OS 1 834, Alltisa (sic), AUt ucha 1 843TMS, Allt-uchaf OS1 891 , Rallt 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 20, Rallt OS 1 982 Aneddfa -(SN 61 2-492)[annedd + -rna] ; [a'ne�va GL Williams] Aneddfa OS 1 904 Beifiau -(SN 603-484)[beili:au] ; [bejlje Gl. Williams, bdje A Lloyd-Jones, (c) m�m�'bejlje W. Hughes, be'lie, bej'lie E. Williams] Y Bayli c. 1 650rent in PRO (GMG), Beilie 1 760CF, Bailie 1 760CF {v. L GMG} , Bailiau OOS 1 81 9, Bailiau O S 1 834, Bailiau OS 1 89 1 , Baylie 1 843TMS, Baylie OS 1 904, Y Beilie 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 7, Bayliau OS 1 982 Cf tn. Beihau belje (De±ynnog, Brees.) [inf l Davies] . Blaenau-isa -(SN 620-486)[blaenau (+ isat)]; (blejne Gl. Williams] Tir Blayney, Kellan 1 659 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.57, Tyr Blaene Kellan als. Tythyn Blaene Kellan 1 698 G.E.Evans MS p. 2, Blaen Kellan, Blaene Kellan, Blaen Kellan issa 1 760CF, Blaine Kellan 1 760CF {v. L GMG} , Kae Bleyn Kellan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Blaeneu Kellan 1 7002/2 CO (GMG), Blaen y Gellan uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaenau-Cellan OS 1 834, Bline 1 848 NLW MS 3500-B, Blainau isaf c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Blaenau-isaf OS 1 891 Blaenau-ucha -(SN 624-486)[blaenau (+ uchat)] ; [blejne·�xa Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Blaen Kellan ycha 1 760CF, Bline ucha 1 81 1 Falcondale MS 2 1 2 (GMG), Blaen y Gellan uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaenau ucha 1 843TMS, Blaenau-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Blainau uchaf c. 1 950 H.Lewis Blaencwmcou -(SN 609-477)[blaen + tn. Cwmcou] ; [blajuknm'k:)j Gl. Williams] Blaen Cwmcoy 1 843TMS, Blaen-cwm-coy OS 1 89 1 Blaenwaun -(SN 6 1 4-494)(blaen + y + gwaun]; [bla:n'wejn E. Williams, bla'wejn Gl Williams] Blaen-y-waun OS 1 834, Blaenwaun 1 843TMS, Blaen-waun OS 1 89 1 Blaenwaungou -(SN 636-493)[blaen + tn. Waungou] ; [blanweju'g:)j A. Lloyd-Jones] Blaen-waun-goy OS 1 89 1 , Blaen Waun Gou c. l 950 H.Lewis Bryncoch -(SN 600-48 1 )[bryn + coch]; (briiJ'ko:x; Gl. Williams) Bryn Coch 1 79 1 sur map, Bryncoch 1 7002/2 CO (GMG), Brincoch 1 81 5 Falcondale MS 8 1 (GMG), Bryn Coch OOS 1 81 9, Bryn-coch OS1 891 Brynhirfaen -(SN 623-467)[bryn + hirfaen] ; [brm'�rvan E. Williams, brm'h�rvan W. Hughes, brm'hrrvan. W. Hughes, Gl. Williams] Bryn-hirfaen O S 1 89 1 Cf the nearby Pant-y-maen (Llan-y-crwys, Carms.). Brynmaen -(SN 597-484) [bryn + y + rnaen] ; Tyn Cae yn Brinmaen 1 798 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 5 5, Tyr Cae yr Brin Waen 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS , Brynmaen 1 843TMS, Brinman, Brinrnane 1 848 NLW M S 3500-B, Bryn-maen OS 1 89 1 , Brynrnean c. 1 950 H. Lewis, Bryn Cynon OS 1 982 See Ffosffin (30-a). Brynmaen Cottage -(SN 597-484)[tn. Brynrnaen (30-a) + E. cottage] ; Bryn-maen Cottage OS 1 89 1 Cabinadda -(SN 624-490)(cabin + pn. Addaf]; [kabm Gl. Williams] Cabin Adda 1 843TMS, Caban-Adda OS 1 89 1 , Cabin-adda OS1 904, Cabinadda 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 This may b e a jocular name, alluding to an imagined dwelling of primitive man, c f n o:l �n :)js a�a 'ancient beyond recount', lit. 'back in Adam's age', referring to an object (Aberteifi area) [inf.]; :)js'a�a (Rhydlywys) [inf. M. Thomas] ; there is also a rhaw Adda for a primitive type of spade (p.c. Gw. Jones] ; cf Caban als. Pantmanal (31 -a). Cadwgan -(SN 6 1 6-478)(pn. Cadwgan] ; [ka dugan E. Williams] '

472

(30) MEBWYNION Llyest Cadwgan 1772 Crosswood MSS, Llyast Cadwgan 1 79 1 sur map, Lluest Cadwgan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.219, Lluest Cadwgan OOS 1 8 1 9, Lluest Cadwgan OS 1 834, Caedwgan, Caerdwgan 1 8431MS, Caer-Cadwgan OS 1 891 Translated as 'Cadwgan's encampment' by S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 21 9] . Cae-Elen -(SN 61 8-496)[cae + fpn. Elen] ; Cae Elen cott. 1 843 TMS Cae-garw -(SN 624-485)[cae + garw]; [ka} garu Gl. Williams] Cae Garw 1 79 1 sur map, Cae-garw OS1 891 Cae-lleinau -(SN 6 1 4-482)[cae + lleiniau] ; [ka'iejnc Gl. Williams] Caellaenau 1789 in 1 987 Y. Carr p . 5 5, Cae-lleiniau OS 1 89 1 , Cae-lleinau OS 1 904 Cae'ronnen -(SN 61 0-485)[cae + yr + onnen] ; [ka'r�ncn, k�'r:mcn E. Williams] Cae'r Onnen 1 760CF, Caeronnen 1760CF {v.l. GMG} , Caeronen 1 700¥2 CO (GMG), Cae Rhonen OS 1 8 1 9, Caronen 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 95, Cae-yr-onen OS 1 834, Caeronen, Caeronnen 1 8431MS, Cae'r­ onen OS1891, Cae'r Onan c. l950 H.Lewis, Tangaer OS 1 982 Caerau -(SN 596-483) [caerau]; [kejrc, some say fiJ�rz'armz Gl. Williams, fiJ�z'a:mz E. Williams] Ty'n y Gaer 1 791 sur map, Tyn-y-gaer 1 8 1 5 NLW misc. MSS vol. 5 p. 1 1 , Ty'n y Gaer OOS 1 8 1 9, Caerau 1 8431MS, Cyre 1 845 NLW MS 3500-B, Fisher's Arms (P.R. ) OS 1 891 , The Fishers, The Fisher's 'is known as' Fishers Arms Caerau c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Fishers' Arms Inn 0Sc. 1 950 Was licensed as Fishers Arms in 1 880 [ 1 987 Y. Carr : 73]. Capel-bach Esgairlas -(SN 634-476)[capel + bach + tn. Esgairlas (30-a)] ; [kapcl'ba:z (cskcr'la:s) E. Williams, kapcl,cskcr'la:s Gl. Williams] Sunday School OS 1 904, Capel Esgairlas 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. l 3, Capel bach, Esgairlas 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.3 Opened 1 897, undenominational [ 1 945 PlwyfCellan: 13]. Capel Cae'ronnen -(SN 606-489)[capel + tn. Cae'ronnen (3 0-a)] ; [ti'kapcl E. Williams] Caronen 1 846 NLW MS 3500-B, Capel Cae'r-onen (Unitarian) OS 1 89 1 , Caeronen (Cellan) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 282, Capel Cae-'r-onen OS1 904, Chap OS1 982 i) b. l 661> ( 1905 G. E. Evans: 73] ; b. 1 747 [ 1 905 G. E. Evans: 73 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 53L bam in Pentre-felin, leased by Mrs. Letitia Lloyd, Cae'ronnen [ 1 905 G. E. Evans: 73] ; original chapel was in the farmyard of Cae'ronnen, where a building is still called kapcl [inf. Gl. Williams; 1 991 Ymofynydd] ; initially an Independent congregation, but drifted by 1 750 to Unitarianism [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 53) ; Capel Cae'ronnen was Arminian and Arian before becoming Unitarian [ 1 905 G. E. Evans: 81] ; Unitarian congregation dating from 1 672 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 70] . ii) b. 1 846, on Trebannau land [ 1 851Rel cens.: 509, c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 903 G. E. Evans: 70; 1 905 G. E. Evans: 73] . Capel Erw -(SN 603-488)[capel + tn. Erw (30-a)]; Erw Chapel (Indt. ) OS 1 89 1 , Cellan c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Capel yr Erw OS 1 904, Capel Erw 1945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 4, Chap OS 1 982, Capel y Erw 1 987 Y. Carr p.49 b. 1 81 1 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 509, c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278]; b. 1 863, branch of Cae'ronnen after a split [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 53]. Castlehill -( SN 635-493)[E.tn. Castlehill (55-a)]; [ka·sJ'hd A. Lloyd-Jones] Castlehill Farm OS 1 891 CELLAN -(SN 61 9-491 )[cell + -an] ; [kclan Gl. Williams] Kethlen 1 229 CalPR p.271 , Kellan 1 284 CalChartR p.275, 'free chapel' Kellam 1 3 89 CalPR p. 47, Kellan' 1535 VE p. 394, Kelham 1 668 communion cup in c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Kelh Lhan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Kelhan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 86, Kellam 1 721 E.Saunders pp. l 34-37, Tyr y Dre Kellan 1772 Crosswood MSS, Cellan 1 799EPC, Cellan 1 803map J. Singer, Cellan OOS 1 8 1 9, Cellan OS 1 834, Cellan, All Saints' Church (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 , Ch OS1982 "The Demetian Calendar, which may have been compiled at Llangeitho in the sixteenth century, list Callwen and Gwenfyl under the first of November describing them as (otherwise unknown) daughters of Brychan. Since Gwenfyl was considered to be the patron saint of Gwynfil, we may take it that callwen was also regarded as patron of Cellan. Certainly this is the view advanced later by both Edward Lhuyd and by Browne Willis. Both saints are likely to have been extrapolated from the church names to which they are attached. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 388] . E. Lhuyd mentioned a spring near the church called Fynnon 473

(30) MEBWYNION Calhwen [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .67] , F.fynon Callwen [c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.86] . H. Lewis [c.1 950] situates Fynnon Calhwenn at the gate of the rectory whilst Y. Carr [ 1 987: 6] situates it in the churchyard. The church was dedicated to All Saints [ 1833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 .237] whose day, the frrst of November, P. 6 Riain [ 1 994: 387] helpfully rem1nds us: " . . . was commonly assigned to saints whose real feasts had been forgotten . . . " I agree with P. 6 Riain that Callwen was not the original patron saint of Cellan. The cult of Callwen was also celebrated at Glyntawe als. Capelcallwen (Dyfynnog, Brees.) [ 1 908 lBS: 2.67] , but it is probable that in this case - as with Cellan's - the name was extracted from Glyntawe's ancient alias Ystradwallwen [c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd: 3. 1 46] , which coincidentally is the same name found in the alias of Carregbwci (30-b). There is no attested personal-name Cellan, pace G. M. Griffiths [ 1 948: 283], since form Kollwyn ap Kellan [c. 1 555 RepWMSS: 1 .2.987] stands for Gellan ab Gollwyn ab Tangno [ 1 966 P. c. Bartnnn: 1 1 7] and the pn. Gellan derived from the adjective gel! ' bay', could not become Cellan through normal developmental processes in Welsh. R J. Thomas [1 938: 53] points out that Cellan as a common noun may be composed of, either cell + llan, or cell + -an. I prefer the latter derivation, as does GPC [ s.v. cellan] , and in view of Cellan's religious role I see no need in this name to appeal to the figurative meaning of 'bower' given to cell [GPC s.v. cell] . The tn. Cilgellan (Llanuwchllyn, Mers.), is either composed of the pn. Gellan, or simply cellan (which is femlnine noun [GPC s.v. cellan]) following the article which subsequently dropped. The fact that there is no mutation or preceding article in Cellan is doubtlessly a reflection of its early coining as a place-name. It seems impossible to decide the composing element of the adjoming tns. Nantcellan, Rhosgellan (67-a), though a hydronym Cellan, based on a lost place-name seems the most likely explanation

Celli-gaer -(SN

625-476) [tn. Gelli-gaer (Glams.)] ;

[gcli'ga:r GL Williams]

Gelli-gaer OS 1 891 This place was built on the unenclosed mountam m the late nineteenth century, and thus seems to have

Celli-gaer, which it copied, but it nevertheless Caer Cadwgan (30-b) The ancient forms of two Celli-gaer m Glamorganshire are given by Gw. 0. Pierce [ 1 984: 469] : Kilticar 1 3 3 6, Kelli Kayre 1 520, Kelli y Gaer 1 53 8 , Kelligare 1 628 (Gelli-gaer, Glams.); Kelli y Kairei 1 53 5, Kellygaer c. l 700 (Celli-gaer, Cilbebyll, Glams.). Cerrygdrudion -(SN 628-5 02)[tn. Cerrygdrudion (Denbs.)] ; [keng a'dndj�n Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] been influenced by the name of the Glamorganshire parish

also clearly refers to the nearby

.

Cerig-drydion OS 1 89 1 , Cerrig-drudion O S 1 904, Cerrig-y-drudion O S 1 982 The meaning is 'stones of the champions', but I do not know

Celli-gaer,

if there ever was a local allusion. As with

this place was built on the unenclosed mountain in the late nineteenth century, and thus I

suspect its name was suggested by that of the well-known Denbighshire parish of Cenyg-y-drndion

(SH 95-48, Denbs.), Kerricedrudeon [>1200 cart. Aberconwy: 1 49] . There do exist other instances of this name, e.g. Cenygdrudion (SH 41 -83, SH 43-73, Angl.). I. Williams [1 939: 1 49] notes: " The origmal meanmg of drud, now used for 'expensive,' was 'reckless,' or daring,' and drudion is often translated as 'heroes. ' The misspelling of the name Cerrig y Drnidion, which is still used on maps, has given rise to many unfortunate theories about druids. "

Cnwc-y-fallen

-(SN 607-487) [cnwc

+ yr + afallen] ;

Cnwc-afallen OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc-y-fallen O S 1 904, Cnwe-y-fallen 0Sc. 1 950

Constant -(SN 628-499)[E.tn.

Constant[inople]

(Turkey)] ;

Constantinople 1 843TMS, Constant 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 C£ Constant (48-a). Cwmcerdinen -(SN 606-478)[cwm + cerddinen] ; Cwmcerdinnen 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Cwmcerdinen 1 798 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 5 5 , Cwm Cerdmen 1 843TMS, Cwm Cardinen 1 924-26 CSRLS 34 The lack of any mutation that would automatically follow an article arouses our suspicion that

hn. Cerdinen), if so past Cwmcerdinen that joins Nantcou; see Ffosffin (30-a). Cwmcou -(SN 607-4 8 l ) [cwm + cau] ; in this case may be a hydronym (c£

cerddinen

it would seem to be the m1nor stream flowing

Cwmcoy 1 767rent p. 23 8, Cwm Coy 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Clun Coy (sic) OS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-coy OS 1 89 1 See hn .

CwmfTJWd

Nantcou.

-(SN 6 1 2-486)[cwm +

hn.

Ffrwd] ;

Tyr Cwm y Ffrwd als. Tythyn Cwm y Ffrwd 1 694 in 1 987 Y. Carr p . 5 7, Cwm 1 76 0CF, Cwm Farm 1 804 Derry Ormond MS S, Cwmffrwd 1 843TMS

474

(30) MEBWYNION DdOI-fach -(SN 6 1 1 -487)[y + dol + bach]; [5o:l'va:x Gl. Williams] Ddol 1 845 NLW MS 3500-B, Dd61 OS 1 89 1 E rw -(SN 604-488)[erw]; Erw OS 1 89 1 , Erw-berllwyn OS 1 904 See Erw-hen (30-a). Erw-fer -(SN 606-482)[ erw + her]; Erw Fer 1 843TMS, Erw-fer OS 1 891 Inexistent [os 1904]. Erw-hen -(SN 605-487)[erw (+ hen)]; [eru he:n Gl. Williams] Pen yr Erw 1 760CF, Erw OS 1 834, Erw-berllwyn, Erw Byrllwyn 1 843TMS, Rerw 1 846 NLW MS 3 500B, Erw-cellan OS1891, Erw-cellan OS1 904, Erw-hen OS 1982 The second element appears to be Byrllwyn 'short bush'; see Erw (30-a). Esgairddu -(SN 644-483)[esgair + du] ; [esker'm: Gl. Williams, A. Lloyd-Jones] Esgair-ddu OS 1 834, Esker Ddu 1 843TMS, Eskerddi 1 845 NLW MS 3 500-B, Eskerdd. 1 852 NLW MS 3500-B, Eskeroi 1 860 NLW MS 3500-B, Esgair-ddu OS 1 891 Esgairlas -(SN 633-478)[esgair + glas] ; [esker'la:s Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Esgair-las 1 843TMS, Esgair-l::ls OS 1 89 1 , Yr Esger 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 7 Fachddu -(SN 623-504)[y + bach + du]; Tyr Vachdduy 1 676 Bronwydd MSS, Vach Ddwy 1 747 Peterwell MS 26/27 (GMG), Fach Ddu 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Fach Du 1 790 Hav. WW MS 3 80 (GMG), Vachddu 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Fachddu 1 843TMS, Fach-ddu OS 1 89 1 Fagddu -(SN 606-478)[fagddu] ; Fagddu 1 843TMS See Fagddu (55-a). Ffatri Glanffrwd -(SN 61 0-488)[ffatri + tn. Glanffrwd (30-a)] ; [fatri E. Williams, fatri'wla:n Gl. Williams] Gwar-ffrwd Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-ffrwd Woollen Factory OS 1 904, Yn yr Hen Ffatri Glanffrwd 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 2, a'r Ffatri 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.3, Glanffrwd Mill OS 1 982, Glanffrwd Mill, 'known locally as' Ffatri 1 987 Y. Carr p.38 b. 1 883 on site of a 'hen dannerdy' [1945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 4; 1 987 Y. Carr: 38 ] ; (c) Cae Ddintir (Pentre-felin land) [ 1 945 PlwyfCellan: 20] ; a fulling mill [1 987 Y. Carr: 38]. Ffosdigariad -(SN 606-488)[ffos + digariad]; Ffoesdigariad 1 843TMS, Foes Digariad Com.n 1 856Encl. map Cellan, Ffos Dygariad c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Ffosdygariad 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p. 1 76 The term digariad, a noun, appears to mean 'hate', which is most usually expressed as cas in Welsh. It seems likelier that digariad here is a variant of digarad 'rejected, forsaken, forlorn'. Ffos-y-tTm -(SN 595-479)[ffos + y + ffm] ; [fo:s�'fi:n Gl. Williams] Ffosyffm 1 760CF, Ffoes y Ffyn 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Tyrfoesyfyn, Cwmcerdinnen, Caeyrcoed, Tyr Cae yr Brin Waen 'all formerly known as' Foesyfyn 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Tyr Foesfyn, Caer y Coed 1 798 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 55, Ffos y Ffm OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffoesffin 1 843TMS, Ffos-y-ffm OS1 891 The ffin here is the boundary between Cardiganshire and Carmarthenshire; see Brynmaen (30-a), Cwmcerdinen (30-a). Ffowntan -(SN 620-498)[E. fountain] ; [fowntan Gl. Williams] Fountain Cottage OS 1 891 Ficrej -(SN 6 12-497)[E. vicarage] ; [VIkred3 E. Williams, rekt:lri Gl. Williams] Rectory 1 843TMS, Rectory OS 1 891 , Yr Hen Bersondy 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.21 Gelli-hir -(SN 6 1 9-493)[y + celli + hir] ; [gcli Gl. Williams] Gellighir ? 1 3 09 Ca1PR p.453, Gelly Trehayrn ? 1 760CF, Gelli OOS 1 8 1 9, Gelli Hir OS 1 834, Gelly Hir 1 843 TMS, Gelli-hir OS 1 891 Gilfachwen -(SN 640-479)[y + cilfach + gwen]; [gdvaz Gl. Williams, A Thomas, A Lloyd-Jones] Gilfach-wen OS 1 891 Half in Cellan parish and half in Llan-y-crwys parish (Carrns.) [inf. A Lloyd-Jones]. Glanbran -(SN 63 1 -486)[tn. Glanbran (Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, C arrns . )] ; [glam'bra:n Gl. Williams, glan'bra:n A Lloyd­ Jones] Glan-bran OS 1 891 '

475

(30) MEBWYNION Glanffrwd (i) -(SN 608-489) [glan + y + ffrwd] ; [bruklanz E. Williams, bruklans Gl. Williams] Glanyfrwd 1 757 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Glan:ffrwd 1 760CF, Llanffrwd 1 7002/2 CO (GMG), Glanyffrwd 1 767rent p.238, Glanfrwd 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.2 1 9, Glan Ffrwd OOS 1 8 1 9, Maes-gwilym OS 1 891 , Brooklands, 'before that' Maesygwilym, 'and before that' Glanffrwd 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.20, Maesygwilym 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 14, Brooklands 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 6, Maes-gwilym 0Sc. 1 950, Brooklands 'built on site of old house' Maesgwilym c. 1 947 H.Lewis p. 80, Brooklands, Maes Gwilym c. 1 950 H. Lewis, Brooklands OS 1 982 Glanffrwd(ii) -(SN 609-487)[tn. Glanffrwd (30-a)] ; [glan'fru:d GL Williams] Glan-ffrWd OS 1 891 Glan Nantcou -(SN 602-483)[glan + hn. Nantcou]; [glanaiJ'k�j Gt Williams] Blaen Nantcoy 1 760CF, Glannantcoi 1 79 1sur map, Glan Nant Goy OS 1 834, Glannantcoy 1 843TMS, Glan-nant-goy OS 1 89 1 , Glan-nant-goy + Y Bwthyn OS 1 982 Though blaen is the earlier form, it does not suit the location of Glan Nantcou. Glanteifi -(SN 600-487)[glan + hn. Teifi] ; [glan'tejvi E. Williams] Parke Glan Teyvy 1 727 Peterwell MS 14 (GMG), Park Glan Teyvy 1 772 Williams Hove MS 1 6 GMG), Glan Tivy 1 79 1 sur map, Glantivy als. Pilrin Castle 1 8 1 1 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 61 , Glantivy 1 8 1 1 NLW misc. MSS vol. 5 p. 1 1 , Glan-teifi OS 1 834, Glan-teifi OS 1 891 , Glanteifi + Brofallen OS 1 982 Godre'rallt -(SN 6 1 8-498)[godre + yr + allt]; [g �dre'ratt Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Godreyallt, Gotreaut 1 843TMS, Godre'r-allt OS1 891 Gouallt -(SN 6 1 8-498)[y + cau + allt] ; Goyallt 1 843TMS Grobwll - (SN 6 1 6-480)(gro + pwll]; [gr�bui Gl. Williams] Grobwll 1 843TMS When ploughing in the field, a cobbled floor was revealed [inf. Gl. Williams]. Gwarallt -(SN 623-500)[gwar + yr + alit]; [ pen rah ? A Lloyd-Jones] Gwarallt 1 843TMS, Gwar-allt OS 1 89 1 Gwarffynnon -(SN 61 5-465) [gwar + y + ffynnon] ; Gwarfmon 1 855 NLW MS 3 500-B, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 891 Gwaun Beili�au -(SN 60 1 -48 1 )[gwaun + tn. Belliau (30-a)]; [wejn A. Lloyd-Jones] Waun-bailiau OS 1 89 1 , Waun-baylie OS 1 904 Gwaunmacwydd -(SN 632-500)[tn. Gwemmacwy (Llanfihangel-ar-arth, Carms . )] ; [wejn'makwd� Gl. Williams] Waunrnakwydd 1 821 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.24, Waun-magwydd 08 1 89 1 , Waun-macwydd OS 1 904 Here is an example of gwem wern and gwaun wejn being confused, cf Gwaunffulbro (8-a); contrary to the explanation given in GPC [ s.v. macwyf] the non-etymological final does not come from etymological , but is a later hypercorrection prevalent in the Llandysul area, cf sub Rhydfodrwy (14a). The small mansion of Gwemmacwy (Llanfihangel-ar-arth, Carms.), was dialectally pronounced Warmacwy (1 896 W. J. Davies: 23 1 ] without fmal . Gylfin -(SN 632-488)[gylfm]; (gdvm Gl. Williams] Gillvin 1 757 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Gilvin 1 767rent p.238, Gilfin 1 843TMS, Gilvin Park OS 1 891 , Gilfin Park OS 1 982 The meaning of gylfin 'beak' makes it most likely that this is a figurative description of the land; cf. Comgam (17-a). Lanlas-isa -(SN 603-477)[y + glan + glas (+ isaf)]; [lanlas'va:z E. Williams, W. Hughes] Y Lan Las 1 633 in 1 879 D.L.Price p. 1 69, Y Lan Uis 1 668 in 1 972 F. Jones p. 524, Lanlase issa 1 760CF, Llanlas 1 7002/2 CO (GMG), Lanlase 1 803map J. Singer, Llanlase {v.l. GMG} 1 803map J.Singer, Llan Las OS 1 8 1 9, Lan-las OS 1 834, Lanlas isa 1 843TMS, Lan-las-isaf OS 1 891 , Lan-las-fach OS1 982, Las isa Draw 1 987 Y. Carr p.42 Lanlas-ucha -(SN 604-478)(y + g1an + glas (+ uchaf)] ; [lanlas'vowr E. Williams] Lanlase 1760CF, Lanlase ycha 1 760CF, (c) Penlanlas 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 553, Lanlas ucha, Lanlaesucha 1 843TMS, Lan-las-uchaf OS 1 891 , Lanlas fawr OS 1 982, Lanlas uchaf Draw 1 987 Y. Carr p.42 Llechgynon -(SN 627-482)[llech + hn. Cynon]; [ie:z'k�n�n Gl. Williams] Llech Cynon 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 21 3, Llech Cynon OS 1 834, Llechgynon 1 843TMS, Llech-cynon OS 1 89 1 '

476

(30) MEBWYNION A large stone 1 1 yds in diameter [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 21 3] ; " . . . yn garreg fawr a phant yn ei chanol. Y mae cylch o bridd yn ei amgylchu ac y mae yn mesur 1 1 o lathenni yn groes. " [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 17]. Llety-lluwch -(SN 61 4-476)[llety + yr + lluwch] ; [leti'hwx Gl. Williams, A. Lloyd-Jones] Lletty'r Llwch OS1834, Llettyllwch 1 884 in 1 98 7 Y. Carr p.2 1 , Llety'r-lluwch OS 1 89 1 , Lletty-lluwch OS 1 904 The meaning of lluwch here is 'dust' (the south-eastern meaning) and not 'snowdrift' (the northern meaning) - and is of interest in showing the geographical extension of the south-eastern meaning. It may refer to a dusty or messy dwelling, or even have the same figurative meaning as llety llwch 'grave' (lit. 'dwelling of the ashes') [GPC s.v. llety] ; cf. Pentre-lludlv (SH 94-03, Talerddig, Monts.). Lliwdy -(SN 608-49l )[lliwdy]; Lliwdy OS 1 891 , Lliwdy 1945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 5 Ar gornel gardd Maesyderi [ 1945 Plwyf Cellan: 15] ; "Llawer o flynyddoedd yn o l pan nad oedd llawer o waith gan y grwyndrwythwyr (tanners) oedd yn gweithio yn Trebannau . . . " [ 1945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 6] ; a dyeing house [c. l950 H. Lewis ] ; (c) Cae Felin Pan, ruins, by Pandy on Glariffrwd(i) field [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 5] ; see Trebannau (30-a). Lluest-y-broga -(SN 606-488)[1luest + y + broga] ; [kclan'kort, po:st Gl. Williams] Cellan Court 1 843TMS, Cellan Cwrt 1 861 NLW MS 3500-B, Cellan-cwrt OS 1 891 , Cellan-cwrt OS1 904, Lluest-y-broga 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 20, PO OS 1982, Lluest y Broga, Cellan Cwrt 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p. 1 72 The later English name Cellan-cwrt was said to be a name given "pan oedd capten gwaith mwyn Llanfair Clydogau yn byw ynddo. " [1 984 D. J. G. Evans: 1 72] ; the etymology 'lluest y fro gaer' [1 987 Y. Carr: 3 ] can be discounted, and thus any connection to Caeljfeirad (30-b); cf Trefilan-cwrt (42-a). Lluest-y-bwci -(SN 607-480)[1luest + y + bwci] ; [liast�'boki A. Lloyd-Jones, Gl. Williams] Lluast y Bwcki, Lluast y Bwki 1 843TMS, Lluest Bwcci 1 864 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.43, Lluest-y-bwci OS 1 891 , Llwyn-arel OS 1 904, Gwynfryn OS1 982 Lluest-y-bwlcb -(SN 645-48 1 )[1luest + y + bwlch]; [liast�'bulx A. Lloyd-Jones] Lluest y Bwlch 1 803map J. Singer, Lluest y Bwlch OS 1 8 1 9, Lluest-y-bwlch OS 1 834, Lluast y Bwlch 1 843 TMS, Lluest-y-bwlch OS1 89 1 Lluest-isa -(SN 628-48l )[lluest (+ isaf)]; [li'aste (coll.) Gl. Williams] Lluast isa 1 843TMS, Lliast 1 856 NLW MS 3 500-B, Llestai 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 6, Llech-Cynon OS 1 982 Lluest-ucha -(SN 630-480)[lluest (+ uchaf)] ; Llyast ycha 1 821 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.24, Lluast ucha 1 843TMS Llwynbedw -(SN 61 3-483)[llwyn + bedw]; [lujn'vedu Gl. Williams] Llwynfedw 1 841 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 37, Llwyn-bedw OS 1 891 , Llwynfedw OS 1 982 Llwynberllan -(SN 609-492)[llwyn + y + perllan] ; [lun'berlan Gl. Williams] Llwynberllan 1 843TMS, Llwyn-berllan OS 1 891 Llwynifan -(SN 61 4-487)[11wyn + pn. Ifan] ; [lujn'ivan, lun'ivan Gl. Williams] Llwyn Evan 1749 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Llwyn 1 767rent p. 238, Llwyn Evan 1791sur map, Llwyn OS 1 8 1 9, Llwynevan 1 85 1 NLW MS 3500-B, Llwyn-Ifan OS 1 891 Llwynonn -(SN 61 1 -494)[llwyn + onn] ; [lujn':m Gl Williams] Llwyn-onn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1891 ; OS1 904]. Llwynywain -(SN 633-501)[llwyn + pn. Ywain] ; Llwyn-owen OS 1 89 1 , Overfields OS 1 982 Maes-y-gaer -(SN 596-482)[rnaes + y + caer] ; Maes-y-gaer OS 1 904 Refers to Caerau (30-a). Maesglas -(SN 629-499)[maes + glas ]; [ majs'gla:s Gl Williams] Maes-glas OS 1 891 Melin Cellan -(SN 6 1 1 -488)[melin + tn. Cellan] ; [velm, velm'lavrr Gl. Williams, nv�r'sajd E. Williams] Melin Kellan 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Kellan Mill 1 791 sur map, Velin Kellan als. Kellan Mill 1 8 12 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 5 8, Velin Cellan als. Kellan Mill 1 81 7 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 5 7, Melin Cellan OOS 1 8 1 9, Felin Cellan OS 1 834, Mill 1 843TMS, Woolen Factory OS 1 891 , Corn Mill OS 1 904, Riverside Mill OS1 982, Velin Cellan, 'lately' Riverside Cottage 1 987 Y. Carr p. 33 477

(30) MEBWYNION Mwdwl -(SN 61 1 -476)[mwdwl]; [mudul Gl. Williams] Llyast Baylie 1 835 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.29, Llyast Baylie 1 843TMS, Mwdwl OS 1891 Nantego -(SN 595-481 )[nant + ego]; Nantego ? ? 1 864 NLW MS 3 500-B, Nant-ego O S 1 904 Inexistent [OS1891 ]; cf Nantego (SN 33-1 5, Llangynog, Canns.), 250m from Llangynog church. Oakford House -(SN 606-488)[tn Oakford + E. house]; Oakford House OS1891, Oakford House OS1 904, Rhydyderi 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 2, Rhyd-y-deri 1 984 D.J. G.Evans p. 1 72, Rhydyderi, 'formerly' Oakford House 1 987 Y. Carr p.37 Pantcuryll -(SN 636-483)[pant + y + cudyll] ; [pant�'k�nl Gl. Williams, pant'kird A Lloyd-Jones, pant�'k1ril A Thomas] Pant-y-cudyll OS1 891 , Pant-y-cirill OS1904 Lying as it does above the mountain-line I suspect that this site's name may be an emulation of Pant-y­ curyll, the older Welsh name of Falcondale (23 -a), which only became a mansion in the early nineteenth century. Pantdefaid -(SN 642-491)[pant + y + defaid]; [pant'eved A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-y-defaid OS1 891 Pantf'rm -(SN 640-495)[pant + y + :ffm]; [pant'fi:n Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Pant'y-ff'm 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau, Pant-y-ffin OS 1 891, Pant-y-:ffm 0Sc. 1950 Pant-y-ffynnon(i) -(SN 632-495)(Tirifan)[pant + y + :ffyno n n] ; Pant-y-ffynnon OS1 891 Pantffynnon(ii) -(SN 624-500)(Rallt)[pant + y + flYnnon]; [pant'f�n:ln A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-ffynnon OS 1 891 This was the last ry unnos in the parish according to tradition [inf. A Lloyd-Jones] . Pantglas -(SN 63 8-487)[pant + glas] ; [pa-;)'kla:s Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-glas OS1 891 Pantgwyn -(SN 641 -480)[pant + gwyn]; [pant'gwm A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-gwyn OS 1 891 Pant-teg-ucha -(SN 641 -493)[pant + teg (+ uchaf)] ; [pant'e:g A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-teg-uchaf OS 1 891 Refers to Pant-teg-isa (3 1-a). Penrallt -(SN 606-477)[pen + yr + aUt] ; Penrallt OS1 982 Penbanc -(SN 627-498) [pen + y + bane] ; [pen�'baiJk Gl. Williams, pen'baiJk A Lloyd-Jones] Pen-bane OS1 891 Pencnwc -(SN 63 5-500)[pen + y + cnwc] ; Pen-cnwc OS1 891 Penlan -(SN 622-490)[pen + y + glan]; [pe'lan Gl. Williams, pen'lan A Lloyd-Jones] Pen-Ian OS1 891 Penllain -(SN 6 1 2-491)[pen + y + llain]; Penllain 1 843TMS, Bronwylfa OS 1 982 Penpompren -(SN 6 1 0-488)[pen + y + pompren] ; [pem'b:lmpren E. Williams] Penbonpren 1 843TMS, Penpompren 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p . 1 4, Penpompren 1 987 Y.Carr p.38 Penrhiw -(SN 6 1 5-493)[pen + y + rhiw]; [pe'nw Gl. Williams, pen'riW A Lloyd-Jones] Penrhyw 1 843TMS, Pen-rhiw OS1 891 Pensingrug -(SN 61 1 -499)[pen + yr + eisingrug] ; [pen1mjgrig, penJmjgrig'va:z (prox.) Gl. Williams] Penysingrig 1 767rent p.23 8, Pensingrig 1 8 1 1 in 1 987 Y.Carr p.61 , Pensingrig 1 843TMS, Pensingrug Farm OS 1 982 Pentre-felin -(SN 61 0-488)[pentref + yr + melin]; [pentre'velm, pentre,velm'koted3 Gl. Williams] Pentrefelin 1 843TMS, Pentre'r-felin OS 1 891 Pistylleinon -(SN 625-486)[pistyll + pn Einon]; [p1std'ejn;)n Gl. Williams] Tir Pistyll Einon, Tir Fynnon Einon (prox.) 1 659 in 1 987 Y.Carr p. 57, Tyr Pystyll Eynon 1 698 G.E.Evans MSS p.2, Pistilleinon, (c605) Llain Pistilleinon 1 843TMS, Pistyll-einon OS1 891 Pontfaen -(SN 608-492)[pont + maen] ; [p:lnt'va:n (bows + farm) Gl. Williams]

478

(30) MEBWYNION Pontvane 1 760CF, Pontfane Kellan 1 7002/z CO (GMG), Pontfaen OOS 1 8 1 9, Pont-faen O S 1 834, Bontfaine 1 843TMS, Pont-faen, (c) Pont Pont-faen-cellan OS 1 89 1 , Pontfaen Cellan 1 908 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 7, Pont Faen Cellan c. 1 950 H. Lewis Pwllcrych -(SN 6 1 6-498)(pwll + crych]; Y Kae bach wrth Wddwg y Pwll Crych 1 726 Coleman MS 1 39, Pwlle yr Ych cott. 1 843TMS, Smithy OS 1 89 1 , Pwll-crych OS1 904 Rhosywain -(SN 61 8-491 )[rhos + pn. Ywain] ; [hro:s Gl. Williams] Lleinau Rhos Owen 1 791 sur map, Rhos Owen (2x) 1 843TMS, Rhos-owen OS1 891 Rhydderch Lwyd -(SN 6 1 5-495)[pn. Rhydderch Lwyd]; [hrailez'lojd E. Williams] 'messuage' Lloid Soythoge ?? 1 55 8 in 1 937 E.A.Lewis p. 57, Karberth Llwyd ?? 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Rhydderchlwyd 1 843TMS, Rhidderch 1 843 NLW MS 3 500-B, Rhydderch- 1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 , Rhydderllwyd 1 987 Y. Carr p. l 3 Royal Oak -(SN 612-493)[E. royal + oak] ; [r:ljal'o:k E . Williams] Royal Oak OS 1 891 Stonehill -(SN 620-497)[E. stone + hill]; Stone Hill 1 843TMS, Stonehil1 1 848 NLW MS 3 500-B, Stonehill Cottage OS 1 891 Sunnyhill -(SN 639-484)[E. sunny + hill] ; Sunnyhill Cottage OS 1 891 Sychnant -(SN 633-487)[sych + nant] ; [sax,nant Gl. Williams] Sychnant OS1 891 Tafamdy -(SN 6 1 3-497)[tafamdy] ; [ta'varndi, now brm'awel Gl. Williams] Kellan Farm als. Ty'r Dre als. Tavamddu 1 81 1 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 56, Tafarndy 1 843TMS, Tavamdy 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau, Cellan Tavern 1 87 1 in 1 987 Y.Carr p.20, Tafamdy (P.R.) OS 1 89 1 Talfan -(SN 608-475)[tal + y + ban] ; [tal'van Gl. Williams] Talfan 1 82 1 Falcondale MS 59 (GMG), Talyfan, Talfan 1 843TMS, Tal-y-fan O S 1 891 Tan-yr-allt -(SN 61 9-497)[tan+ yr + alit] ; Ty yn yr Allt 1 760CF, Tanyrault 1 843TMS, Tan-yr-alh OS 1 89 1 Tan-y-bwlch -(SN 629-490)[tan + y + bwlch] ; Tan-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 There is probably a connection between the bwlch in this name and the name Bulchau Rd. [ 1 856Encl. map Cellan] given to the road above it. Tanresgair -(SN 61 5-479)[tan + yr + esgair] ; Fawresker 1 821 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 24, Tanresker 1 843TMS Tanfforest -(SN 643-480) [tan + y + fforest] ; [tan'forest Gl. Williams, tam'forest A. Lloyd-Jones] Tan-fforest OS 1 891 Tangaer-fach -(SN 621 -482)[tan + y + caer (+ bach)] ; [taggar'va:z Gl. Williams] Tan Gaer fach 1 843TMS, Tan-y-gaer-rach OS 1 89 1 Tangaer-fawr -(SN 6 1 8-48 l)[tan+ y + caer ( + mawr)] ; [taJJ'ga:r Gl. Williams, E. Williams, taggar'vowr E . Williams, kom'ga·r E. Williams] Tan-y-gaer 1 79 1 sur map, Tan y Gaer OOS 1 8 1 9, Tan Gaer fawr 1 843TMS, Tan-y-gaer-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-gaer O S 1 982 Refers to Caer Cadwgan (30-b). Tanlan -(SN 635-SOO)[tan + y + glan] ; [tan'lan Gl. Williams] Tan-lan O S 1 891 Tirifan -(SN 63 1 -494)[tir+ pn. Ifan] ; [ti'rivan GL Williams, A. Lloyd-Jones, tm'nvan (id.) A Lloyd-Jones] Tir Evan 1 727 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Tyr Evan ap Eignon 1 727 Peterwell MS 14 (GMG), Tir Eenn 1 73 1 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Tyr Evan ab Eynon 1 753 Peterwell MS 43/44 (GMG), Tyr Evan ap Eynon 1 78 1 Peterwell MSS (GMG), Tir-ifan OS 1 891 As G. M. Griffiths (GMG) was rather cavalier in equating separate but similar place-names (cf sub Clwtpatrwn (3 1-a), Moelfryn, 31-a), we must be on our guard in connecting this Tirifan - which must have been a common enough name - with the Tir !fan ab Einon of the Peterwell MSS. Trawsnant -(SN 61 7-475) [traws + nant] ; [trowsnant Gl. Williams] Trawsnant 1 843 TMS, Trawsnant OS 1 89 1 Trebannau -(SN 606-492)[ ? ] ; [tre'bane Gl. Williams] 479

(30) MEBWYNION Trebanne Mill 1 676 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 38, Trebanne 1 760CF, Trebannau 1 7002/2 CO (GMG), Trybanne 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Tre Banne OOS 1 8 1 9, Tre-bannau OS 1 834, Trebanau 1 843TMS, Trebanne 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau, Trebanne 1 847 NLW MS 3500-B, Tre-banau OS1 891 , Tre­ bannau OS 1 904 This name is hardly composed of tref + pannau (an archaic plural ofpant), as one would expect a defmite article that would prevent pannau from leniting. From a number of similar place-names there appears to be a word * treban or possibly *tryban: cf. Bwlchtrebannau als. Bwlchtribannau (Cil-y-cwm, Carms.); Trebannog (ST 01-90, Llantrisant, Glams.) [ 1 933 R. J. Thomas: 21 3] ; Trebannog (SN 94-07, Penderyn, Brees.), Gauanhauc [c. l l 40 LL: 134] ; Trebanmvs tre'banus [inf] (Glams.). The word triban 'triplet (in verse)' does not appear to have a toponymic application, nor is the composition with tri + ban [1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 20] seem likely in the pronunciations which all show . The mill mentioned in the 1 676 form, as well as the nearby Lliwdy (30-a), some 300m away, suggest a connection with the word pan, which refers to fulling or tucking of wooL but it is unlikely to account for the other place-names in south-eastern Wales. Trebannau-ucha -(SN 63 9-495)[ ? (+ uchaf)] ; [pentre'bane E. Williams] Trebanne 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau, Tre-banau-uchaf OS1 891 , Tre-bannau-uchaf OS 1 904, Pentrebannau OS 1 982 This place is some 3km away from Trebannau (30-a), and was probably originally an encroachment on the mountainland which was only enclosed after 1 85 1 ; cf. Esgair Trebannau a late alias of Esgairbeifedd (30b). Trecynon -(SN 604-489)[tre + hn. Cynon] ; Tre Cynon OS 1 982 A housing estate. Troedrhiw -(SN 61 4-492)[troed + y + rhiw]; [trod'nw Gl. Williams] Troedrhyw 1 843TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Ty-mawr -(SN 6 1 3-497)[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mowr Gl. Williams] Tymawr 1 843TMS, Tymawr 1 855 NLW MS 3 500-B Tyncoed -(SN 61 0-482)[tyddyn + y + coed]; [tiiJ'ko:d Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Ty yn y Coed, Tynycoed 1 760CF, Ty yn y Coed 1 760CF {v.l. GMG} , Ty'n y Coed 1 791 sur map, Tynycoed 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MS 8 1 (GMG), Tyn y Coed OS 1 8 1 9, Tyncoed 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-coed OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd -(SN 608-488)[ty + newydd]; [iujn'deru + arwel Gl. Williams] Ty-newydd OS 1 891, Arwel OS 1 982 Tyngwndwn -(SN 633 -497)[tyddyn + y + gwndwn]; [hg'gnndun Gl. Williams] Tyngwndwn 1 882 in 1 987 Y.Carr p. 80, Ty'n Gwyndwn c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Ty'n-y-gwndwn OS 1 891 Tynrheoi -(SN 610-493)[tyddyn + yr + heol] ; [ti'rewl Gl. Williams] (c) Cae Tynylone 1 843TMS, Ty'n-yr-heol OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-yr-heol OS1 904 Tynlon(i) -(SN 6 1 1 -495)(Llwynonn)[tyddyn + y + lon] ; [ti'lo:n Gl. Williams] Ty yn y Lone 1 760CF, Tynlone 1 843TMS, Ty'n-lon OS 1 891 Tynlon(ii) -(SN 606-489)(Capel Cae'ronnen)[tyddyn + y + lon]; Tynlon 1 760CF, Ty'n-lon OS 1 891 Tynrhos -(SN 61 6-492)[tyddyn + y + rhos]; [ti'ro:s Gl. Williams, tm'hro:s E. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Tynrhos 1 843TMS, Ty'n-rhos OS1 89 1 Tynwem -(SN 619-485)[tyddyn + y + gwern]; [tm'wern Gl. Williams] Ty'nwem 1 760CF, Ty'n y Wern 1 760CF {v.l. GMG} , Tynywern 1 8 1 5 Falcondale MSS 8 1 (GMG), Tyn y Wem OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-wern OS 1 834, Tynwern, Ty Wern 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-we (sic) OS 1 982 Ty'rysgol -(SN 61 2-490)[ty + yr + ysgol]; [ti'r�sk�l E. Williams] Ael-y-bryn OS 1 904 b. 1 902 [ 1 987 Y. Carr: 49] ; b. 1 903 (1 987 NLWMS ex.936] . Waun -(SN (ii)630-481)[y + gwaun]; [wejn GL Williams] Dol y Cwm 008 1 8 1 9, Waun 1 843TMS, Waun 08 1 891 i) SN 630-481 . 1 843 . ii) SN 630-481 . 1 891 . Cf. Gwaun Cellan (30-b). Waun Castle -(SN 621 -493)[y + gwaun + E. castle]; [wejn'ka·sJ Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] 480

(30) MEBWYNION Waun O S 1 834, Lann 1 843TMS, Waun Castle OS 1 891 , Waun Castle 0Sc. 1 950

Waun Castle (31 -a). Waungou -(SN 630-496)[y + gwaun + cau] ; [wei;JQ :Jj'va:z A Cf

Lloyd-Jones]

Y Waun Goy (sic) OS 1 8 1 9, Wayn-goy O S 1 89 1 , Waun-gou O S 1 904

Wem

-(SN 600-477)[y + gwem] ; [ � wern Gl. Williams] '

Wem O S 1 89 1 , Wern OS 1 982, Waun Lan1as ? 1 98 7 Y.Carr p.42

Ysgol Cellan

-(SN 61 2-49 1 ) [ysgol + tn. Cellan

(30-a)] ; [ r�sk;,l

Gl. Williams,

�sk;,l

E. Williams]

School OS 1 904, Cellan C.P. 1 967 WLS b. l 899 [ 1987 NLW MS ex. 93 6]; b. 1 900 [1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 4] ; Penllain [ 1987 Y. Carr: 49] ; cf Ysgol-eglwys Cellan (30-a). Ysgol-eglwys Cellan -(SN 6 1 2-496)[ysgol-eglwys + tn. Cellan (30-a)] ;

closed 1 974 [inf ] ; built on field known as

School OS 1 89 1 , School (disused) OS 1 904, Church National School 'later' Church Hall 1 987 Y. Carr p.47 b. 1 863

[1987 Y. Carr: 47] ; replaced as a school in

1 899-1 900

Ysgol Cellan (30-a).

geonyms Bedd-y-fonvyn

-(SN 622-472)[bedd + y + morwyn];

Bedd y Vorwyn 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p . 2 1 4, Bedd-y-forwyn O S 1 834,

(c)

Beddyforwyn 1 8 57 NLW misc.

MS S vo1. 5 p. l 2, Bedd y Forwyn 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. l 6

An allotment made under the enclosure o f Cellan mountain [ 1 857 NLW misc. MSS: 5 1 2]; ar fynydd Glanteifi (30-a) [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 16]; cf Bedd-y-fonvyn (SO 01-34, Lower Chapel, Brees.); cf Bedd y Gwas 'ar fynydd y Blaenau' [ 1945 P1wyfCellan: 1 6] . Bryn-mawr -(SN 6 1 0-467)[bryn + mawr] ; .

Bryn-mawr O S 1 834 This hill has given its name to Bryn-mawr brm'mowr [inf w. Hughe s] , an adjacent farm (SN 608-464, Pencarreg, Canns .). Bwlch-y-ffin -(SN 636-5 0 1 ) [bwlch + y + ffin] ; (cs820-2 1 ) Bwlch'y-ff'm 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau, Bwlchyffm 1 856Encl. map Cellan This lies at both the mountain limit, and the parish limit with Llanfair Clywedogau.

Byrfaen -(SN 632-473) [byr + maen] ; Hyrfaen yr Esceir Bervedd, Hyrfaen yr Esceir (sic) 1 63 3 in 1 879 . L. Price p. l 69, Bfu-vaen yr Eskeir Bervedd 1 668 in 1 972 F. Jones p. 524, Byr Vaen Gwyddog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p . 86, Byrfaen 1 803map J. Singer, Byrvaen Esgair Bervaidd 1 808 S . R. Meyrick p . 5 53, Byrfaen (sic loc.) 008 1 8 1 9, Byrfaen O S 1 834, Burfaen 1 843TMS, Byrfaen OS 1 89 1 , Byrvaen yr Esceir Bervedd 1 934 D . Jenkins p . 1 1 6, Y Byrfaen 1 93 4 D . Jenkins p. l l 1 "Clywais gan hynafgwr o Gellan, yntau wedi clywed ei dad yn dweyd bod y Byrfaen wedi cael ei dorri, gan law dirion, yn byst llidiardau, i'w gosod ar ffyrdd culion y plwyf hwnnw. "

[1 934 D. Jenkins:

1 1 6] ;

"Cafodd ei thorri ac y mae dau o byst llidiart wedi eu gwneud o honi ac wedi mynd i Cwmcoy ar dir y Beilie. Hefyd awd a'r cerrig oedd ar ol i godi mur oddi amgylch yr Esger. "

[1 945 PlwyfCellan:

1 7] ; though a

native, living nearby, A. Thomas [inf] had not heard of it. The gwyddog of c. 1 700 is likely to be a mistake due to the similar sounding Hiifaengwyddog (30-b).

Cae'rhwch

-(SN 624-47 1 ) [cae + yr + hwch] ;

Caer Hwch O S 1 834, Caer uwch 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 6, Cairn ? OS 1 982 " Y mae un cae ar y mynydd yn mynd dan yr enw hwn heddiw. Dim ymhell o'r fan hon fe gafwyd hen gwm, sef llestr i gadw lludw y meirw. " [ 1 945

Plwyf Cellan: 1 6) ;

"A very small enclosure bearing this name

appears on early editions of the l -inch Ordnance Survey Map, but nothing is now visible . "

[ 1 994 J. L. Davies

& A H. A Hogg: 257 ] .

Caerau

-(SN 596-483 ) [caerau] ; Gaer isaf + Gaer uchaf 1 79 1 sur map, The Gaer 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Bedr, Caerau O S 1 834, Gar uchaf + Gar issa 1 843 TMS, Settlement O S 1 982, Bryn Maen Caerau 1 994 J.L.Davies

&

A H. A.Hogg

p.252 The

-isa

on Teifi side,

-ucha

on mountain side

[ 1 791sur map] ;

pp.252-5 3 .

48 1

see 1 994 J. L. Davies

&

A H. A Hogg

(30) MEBWYNION Caer Cadwgan -(8N 622-479)[caer + tn. Cadwgan (30-a)] ; [�'ga:r Gl. Williams, ma.T'ga:r A Lloyd-Jones] Caer Vorys c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.67, Caer Voris c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 86, Gaer Morrice als. Morys 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.71 1 , Caer Morys 008 1 8 1 9, Caer Morrice 081 834, Gaer 08 1 89 1 , Caer Porus 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p. 1 9, The Gaer 'what 8.R.Meyrick calls' Caer Morrice 'but' Caer Cadwgan 'has survived as a neighbourhood farm' c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Caerdwgan 1 987 Y. Carr p.3 For further details, see 1 984 Arch.Wales vol 24 pp.26-28 (1 985 Arch.Wales vo1.25 p. 1 8), 'Caer Cadwgan' D. Austin et al. in 1 988 Current Archaeology n. 1 09 pp.5 1-54 and 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A. Hogg pp. 257-58. Caerffeirad -(8N 607-489)[ caer + yr + offeiriad]; (c) Pen Caer Ffeiriad 1 659 in 1 987 Y.Carr p. 57, Caer 8t Pheiriad c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.67, Caer Ffeirad c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 86, Pencafrrad 1 845 NLW MS 3 500-B, (c) Cae Gaer 1 934 D.Davies in NLW M8 ex.936, (c) Cae Gaer 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.20 There used to be a caer c. 1 800 in the field in front of Glanffrwd, "Llawer o flynyddoedd yn ol pan nad oedd llawer o waith gan y crwyndrwythwyr (tanners) oedd yn gweithio yn Trebannau fe'i hanfonwyd i godi y cerrig [o'r gaer] er mwyn codi mur bob ochr i'r heol sydd yn arwain o'r heol dyrpeg i Maesygwilym. 8ymudwyd un o'r muriau hyn wedyn yn 1 905 i godi Llwyndewi (Cellan) [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 6] ; before Glan.ffrwd(i) and adj. Lluest-y-broga [ 1 934 D. Davies in NLW MS ex.936 ] . Carregbwci -(8N 645-479)[carreg + y + bwci] ; [kareg�'buki Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones, kareg'buki A. Thomas] Prenvol Gwallwin >127 1 ( 1324) cart. Tal-llychau, Prebvol Gwallwen 1 633 in 1 879 D.L.Price p. 1 69, Prenfol Gwall Wen 1 668 in 1 972 F.Jones p. 524, Maen Pren Vol c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Maen y Prenvoyl c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.86, Maen y Prenvol 1 722 E.Lhuyd col. 773 , Maen Prenvol, Maen Penvol Gwallt Gwyn 1 808 8.R.Meyrick p.219, Maen y Prenfol 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cellan, Maen-pen-y-foel 08 1 834, Carregybwcry 1 843TMS, Carreg y Bucky 1 856Encl map Cellan, Careg y Bwci 08 1 89 1 , Careg y Bwcci 08 1 904, Carreg y Bwci 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p.20, Maen Prenfol Gwallt Gwyn 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 16, Y Maen-prenfol-gwallt-gwyn 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 1 1, Careg y Bwci, tumulus 08 1 982 Three stones pitched on end [c.l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .86] ; " . . . I have not seen, but suppose, from the name, to be a monument of the same kind that we call kistvaen; for prenvol in this country (in North Wales prennol) signifies a small coffer or chest. " [ 1 722 E. Lhuyd: 773 ] . 8. R. Meyrick [ 1 808: 2 1 9 ] described it as " . . . an immense stone,", and following Lhuyd's explanation of prenfol added: " . . . this kind of chest has two lids on the top of it, presenting the appearance of two inclined planes, or the roof of a house. Maen Prenvol is not a cistvaen, but is shaped in the manner of this kind of chest, and on that account perhaps it was so called. With respect to the other name, it would signify 'bald pate with white hair' [i.e. pen moel, gwallt gwyn]; but I cannot assign any reason why such a name should be imposed on this stone. This stone is one of the 'Cerreg llwydion['], or grey stones, which were always preferred by the Druids, and appears to have been a cromlech, and have fallen from its original situation. "; "Mae yn amlwg taw cromlech ydyw wedi bod dan oruwchwyliaeth ebillion, powdwr a gyrdd rhyw fandaliaid nes ei gwneud yn 'Garreg-y-bwci' ein dyddiau ni. Profodd hon yn 'ormod o damaid' i'r fandal i'w dinistrio, ond yn unig ei thaflu oddiar ei pholion. " [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 1 17 ] ; " Garreg fawr yw hon ar y gwarglawdd gerllaw yr heol sydd yn arwain o Llanfair i Llancrwys. " [ 1 945 PlwyfCellan: 1 7] . Was part of a Roman watchtower: "The boulder ('the goblin's stone') practically functions as an internal titulum, and leaves plenty of space in the interior for a putative 4-post timber tower. It has been instrumental in giving rise to the suggestion that this monument is a burial chamber/barrow, although smaller erratics are plentiful in the immediate vicinity. Excavations were undertaken in the interior by D. R. Thomas but produced no fmds (Arch. Camb. 1 879, 55-62). " (J. L. Davies in 1 983 AC: 23.67 ] ; see 1 994 J. L. Davies pp.307-08. The word prenfol (which appears to be the original form of the word, judging from the Prenvol Gwallwin of > 1 27 1 ) is also found as prenial, prennol, and prembol, the last being in use this century in Brynaman (Carms.) meaning 'small coffer' or 'bible box' [ 1 935 BBCS: 8.20--21 ]; cf (c) Prenol (SH 80-73, Glanconwy, Denbs. ). As to the pn. Gwallwyn, cf Crugiau (1 8-a). In the case of Walwyns Castle (Pembs.), Gwallwyn came to be equated with another Welsh pn. Gwalchmai as early as c. l400, Kymwt Kastell Gwalchmei [ 1992 PN Pembs: 570} , B. G. Charles suspects that Gwalchmai in this place-name is an antiquarian interpretation of no traditional historical value [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 667] . Interestingly enough another Welsh form Cas Wala ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 666] argues against Castellgwalchmai being the real Welsh name of Walwyns Castle. The more numerous and earlier English forms given in PN Pembs. [ 1 992: 666-67] , support a form of Gwallwyn, which is identical with the name of one of the heroes of Arthurian legend, viz. E. Gawayn, F. Gawain, Gauvain, AN-F. Walwain, 8c�E. Gavin [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 482

(30) MEBWYNION 667]; in the Welsh version of the Arthurian romances it is Gwalchmai which was substituted for Gmvayn. Cf B.pns. Goulven, Goulc'han, OB. Guollguin, which correspond to the nW. pn. Gollwyn, Gollwyn ab Tangno (often misrendered Collwyn ab Tangno). The twelfth-century chronicler William of Malmesbury noted that Gawain's grave had been found on the coast of Pembrokeshire and G. Ashe [1 987: 1 26] tentatively equates Saint Govans Chapel (Bosherston, Pembs.) with the grave of Gawain. This seems all the more likely when we remember that Walwyns Castle is not far away, and especially when we fmd out that all the forms of Saint Govans Chapel as well as Saint Govans Head are spelt with a fmal prior to the late nineteenth century (some even showing medial , e.g. Gowen 1 729, 1 839) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 677] . The identification with an Irish saint Gobhan by S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher [ 1 91 1 LBS: 3. 143-47] followed by B. G. Charles (1 992: 677] - is tentative at best. Carregtriphlwyf -(SN 6 1 8-462)[carreg + y + tri + plwyf]; [kareg'tr;,fluj p.c. H. Ll. Humphreys] Carreu Tryr Croes c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.86, Carreg Tair Croes 1 803map J. Singer, Cerrig Tair Croes OS 1 834, Garreg Bika, Garreg 3 Crose (sic loc.?, near Pantmaen in Llan-y-crwys, (Carms.)) 1 843TMS, Garreg Dri Fflwyf 1 856Encl. map Cellan, Carreg y Tri Phlwy' 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 1 1 , Carreg Triphlwy c. 1 936 G.E.Evans p. 24 From the three stones upon it on the confmes of Cellan, Llan-y-crwys and Pencarreg parishes [ c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.86] ; "placed there to mark the boundary of the parish, and for that purpose has three crosses cut on it. " [1808 s. R Meyrick: 217]. "Symudwyd y garreg tair croes i Gelliaur medd y traddodiad ond ni fu yn hir yn y fan hynny oherwydd fod preswylwyr yn methu cael llonydd ganddi. Ni wyr neb mor bell ag y gwn i ble mae y garreg yn awr. " [ 1 945 PlwyfCellan: 18]; hen eglwys o goed neu o wiail 'Eglwys Tair Croes' [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 8] ; carreg fel postyn dala [inf. w. Hughes] ; for a description, see 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 1 3 ; see Pantmaen in Llan-y-crwys (Canns.) [ 1 843TMS] ; cf Triphlwyj(51-a). Cnwc-yr-oerfa -(SN 607-470)[cnwc + yr + oerfa]; Orfa 1 803map J.Singer, Oerfa OS 1 834, Camyrorfa 1 843TMS, Cnwck yr Orfa 1 856Encl. map Cellan Cors Llethrgwyn -(SN 6 1 3-472)[cors + tn. Llethrgwyn] ; Cors-llethr-gwyn OS 1 834 Cors Trawsnant -(SN 620-475)[cors + tn. Trawsnant ( 30-a)] ; (g�rs'trowsnant Gl. Williams] Cors Trawsnant OS I 89 1 , Coed Tangaer OS1 982 Esgai•·berfedd -(SN 632-477)[esgair + perfedd]; [resker Gl. Williams] (c) Rhyd Esgair Bervaidd 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 5 53, Esceir Bervedd 1 934 D.Jenkins p. l l 6, Esgair Berwydd OS 1 834, Esgair Tre-banau OS1 891 , Esgair Tre-bannau OS 1 904 Garddau -(SN 6 1 3-496)[garddau]; Gardda 1 83 5 in 1 987 Y. Carr p.29, Tanygardde CoJlil. 1 856Encl. map Cellan, 'bu gweithdy i wneud telynnau ar' Y Gardde 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 5 This is a roadside common or green, opposite the church. The quote by Gw. 0. Pierce [1967: 3 3 1 ] : "I was informed by Professor G. J. Williams that the pl. form gardde is used in Cardiganshire for 'common land'." GL J. Williams, a scholar full of insights, was a native of Cellan, but in this case his familiar acquaintance of this place misled him into extrapolating a particular meaning to a term from a single known example in toponymy. To my knowledge, nowhere else in Wales - and certainly not in Cardiganshire - did garddau mean 'common-land' (though it specifically meant 'paddock' in Glamorganshire [ 1 967 Gw. o. Pierce: 3 3 1 ]). The fact that this piece of common-land was called Garddau is simply coincidence, it simply referred to a prior use or apportionment of the land Gwaun Cellan -(SN 630-483)[gwaun + tn. Cellan (30-a)] ; [wejn'fejrad Gl. Williams, pi.fin'fejrad A. Lloyd­ Jones, Gl. Williams] Waun Cellan OS 1 834, ar Waun Gellan 1 93 8 RJ. Thomas p. 53 Gwaun.ffeirad, was the name given to the piece of rough land (measuring four acres), at SN 632-484, where the parson grazed his animals [inf. A. Lloyd�Jones] . Gwaun Llwynifan -(SN 639-482)[gwaun + tn. Llwynifan (30-a)]; [wejn�ujn'ivan Gl. Williams] Waun Llwyn-ifan OS 1 89 1 , Coed Llwynifan OS 1 982 This is 2. 5km E of Llwynifan (30-a) and on mountainland. Herber -(SN 608-473)[herber]; Herber 1 856Encl. map Cellan Herber-mawr -(SN 609-468)[herber + mawr] ; Harber mawr 1 843TMS, Herber 1 856Encl. map Cellan 483

(30) MEBWYNION Hirlaengwyddog -(SN 624-464)[hir + maen + gwyddogL [kareg'hrrvan W. Hughes] Hirmai[n] Guidauc 9ilicent. Chad 4 xiv, Hyrvayn Gudauc > 1 27 1 ( 1324) cart. Tal-llychau, Hirvaen Gwyddog 1 63 3 in 1 879 D.L.Price p. 1 69, Hirvaen Gudawg 1 668 in 1 972 F.Jones p. 524, Hyrvann c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.86, Hir Vaen GWydhog 1 722 E.Lhuyd col. 773 , Hir Faen 1 803map J. Singer, Hir-vaen 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 5 53, Hir Faen Gwyddog 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cellan, Hirfaen OS 1 834, Man Hir 1 856Encl map Cellan, Hirvaen Gwyddog 1 93 4 D.Jenkins p. l l 6, Hirfaen Gwyddog Gadant 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 1 1 A mile from the church; it is pitched, an end in the ground [c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.86]; "Y talaf yn y sir ( 1 5tr.). Saif ar y ffin rhwng y ddwy sir - Caerfyrddin a Cheredigion . . . Dywed traddodiad ei bod yn dangos gwyddfa un o'r hen dywysogion Sut bynnag, mae yn un o gerrig :ffin Cellan a Llanycrwys. " [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 1 16] . The adjective gwyddog 'wooded' does not suit its exposed situation, however the gwyddog may have been extracted from Treb Guidauc [9thcent. Chad: 3 .xiv], which I believe to have probably been an early alias of the adjoining parish of Llan-y-crwys (Carms.). An otherwise unattested adjectival derivative of the noun gW}'dd 'presence', *gwyddog meaning 'prominent' (cf Wyddfa (Caems.), Wyddgrug als. Mold (Flints.)) may also be suspected, though we are again confronted with the uncertainty as to whether gwyddog originally referred to this site or not. I am inclined to think it is an OW. pn. Gwyddog, c£ B. tn. Goezeg (F. Gouezec, Finistere), Uuoeduc 1 1 thcent., Goethuc, Goezoc, Goezhoc 1 284, Goezeuc 1 3 68, which is, according to B. Tanguy [ 1990: 74-75], a Brittonic name containing an old Breton cognate of W. gwaedd; see J. Loth in 1 924 RC vol.41 pp.204-06; cf Cilfachweddog (25-a); Gwernwyddog (SN 83-28, Llywel, Brees.); Bodwyddog (Rhiw, Caerns.) [ 1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 32]; cf. Byifaen (30-b). Llocdic -(SN 6 1 3 -463)[lloc + pn. Die]; Llocau Dick OS 1 834, Llock Dick 1 856Encl map Cellan There was a field named (c585) Llock Dick (SN 625-485, Gylf111, 30-a) [ 1 8431MS]. Pant-y-gwastad -(SN 647-485)[pant + y + gwastad]; Pant y Gwastad 1 856Encl map Cellan unfinished Roman practice-camp, roughly circular enclosure 2 1 m. in overall diameter [ 1 983 Arch.Wales: 23.67; 1 994 J. L. Davies: 307] . Pengamwen -(SN c. 620-463)[pen + y + earn + gwen]; Pengarn Wen 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 553, Pen-y-graig-wen (sic?) OS1 834, Gam Wen, Garn ganol (prox.) 1 843TMS See Tangraigwen (SN 6 12-460, Pencarreg, Carms.); Carregtaircroes (30-b). Pontgou -(SN 598-485)[pont + cau]; Ford OS 1 89 1 , Pont Goy OS1 904 Pyllau-pedyll -(SN c. 61 5-466)[pyllau + pedyllL [pnle'peb:d W. Hughes] Pylleu Pedill 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 553, Pulle Pedill l 843TMS, Pwll-y-pebyll c. 1 950 H.Lewis The name refers to pan-shaped pools, i. e. elongated at one end and rounded at the other, cf Pwll-y­ badell (35-a). The reanalysis from pedyll 'pans' to pebyll 'tents' is evidenced in Gwem-y-pedyll (prox. Bwlchgwallter, 59-a), Gwem y Pevill [1632 Crosswood MSS], Gwem y Pebill [ 1633/34 Crosswood MSS] , Gwem y Bedill [ 1 733 Crosswood MSS], Gwem y Pedill [ 1772 Crosswood MSS], Gwem y Pedyll [ 178lsur map]. Rhiwpal -(SN 641 -491 )[rhiw + yr + pal]; [hnw'pa:l Gl. Davies] Rhiw Pal 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p.20 This is the long ascent between Samllys (3 1 -a) and Bwlch Blaencom (Llan-y-crwys, Carms.) [ 1 906 Cymru: 3 1 .20; illf G1 . Davies] , and refers to a pal 'palisade' for keeping animals of the hunt, such as deer in. The following etymology can safely be dismissed: "In Mid-Cardiganshire there is a half-forgotten saying about a steep hill, 'Mae tipyn o waith palu arno'. " [ 1 93 1 s. M. Powell: 22] , though it may have been suggested by either this name, or those of Rhiw Pal near Pal (64-a) or Penrhiwpiil (10-a). Roman Camp -(SN 640-493) [E. roman + camp]; Roman Camp 1 856Encl. map Cellan, Roman Camp 1 924-26 CSRLS 38, 'old cottage named' Roman Camp 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 1 7, Roman Practice Camp OS 1 982 On Pant-y-fjjmnon(i) land (30-a) [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 1 9] ; first detected by Prof J. K. St Joseph in 1 96 1 according t o J . L . Davies [ 1 994: 303] , but obviously reckoned a Roman camp a s early a s 1 856; Roman practice-camp [ 1994 J. L. Davies: 307] . This name seems to have been given to a cottage (c47) [ 1 856Encl. map Cellan], built nearby on a piece of land that was allotted to Lord Carrington as lord of the lordship of Cellan [ 1 856Encl. map Cellan] . 484

(30) MEBWYNION Taircam -(SN 63 1 -492) [tair + earn] ; Tair Carnau 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 21 5, Tair Cam 081 834, Tair Carn 08 1 89 1 , Tair Cam Mountain c. 1 950 H.Lewis, Cair Cam 0Sc. 1 950, Mound (SN 63 1 -492), Stone (SN c.627-494) 08 1 982 Taircarreg -(SN 606-472)[tair + carreg] ; Tair Carreg 1 856Encl. map Cellan

485

(3 1) MEBWYNION LLANFAIR CLYWEDOGAU Alit -(SN 634-521)[yr + aUt] ; Yr Alit 1 760CF, Tan'rallt OOS 1 81 9, Tan'-rallt OS 1 834, Yr-Allt OS1 89 1 , Alit OS1 904 Awelon -(SN 6 1 2-502) [awelon]; Awelon OS1 982 Biwla -(SN 642-5 1 3)[Bibl.tn. Beulah]; [biWla Gl. Williams, H. T. Davies, A Lloyd-Jones] Bwlan OOS 1 81 9, Beulah 1 844TMS, Beulah OS 1 89 1 Blaencwm -(SN 632-5 1 1) [blaen + y + cwm]; Blaen y Cwm 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Blaen y Cwm 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Blaen y Cwm OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen-y-cwm OS 1 834, Blaencwm 1 844TMS, Blaen-y-cwm OS 1 891 Blaencyswch -(SN 627-532)[blaen + tn. Cyswch]; Tir Kysswch + Tir Kyd als. Tir yrch Adda 1 688 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/307, Tir y Cysswch + Tir Cyd + Tir yrch Adda 1 7 1 3 RDW MSS box 7 parc. 3, Cyssuch 1 73 8 in 1 923 Cofiadur vol. l p.27, Cwswch 1 760CF, Cwsswch 1 760CF {v. l. GMG} , Blaen Cwsswch 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Kysswch 1 794 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaen Cys Swch 1 803map J.Singer, Cysswch 1 809PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaen Cysswch OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen Cysswch OS1 834, Blaen-cysswch 1 844TMS, Blaen-cyswch OS 1 891 Though blaen can be taken to indicate that Cyswch is a hydronym, there is no obvious candidate to which such a name can be applied, and the nearest stream (400m distant) being named Rhoca (see sub Glanrhoca, 32-a ). It is most likely, as the earliest forms indicate, that the original name of this holding was simply Cyswch, and that Blaen Cyswch (meaning 'topmost part of (tn.) Cyswch') surfaced later, there having occurred an abandonment of the original site of Cyswch. Now, whilst there is no known word *cyswch in Welsh, one is tempted to recognise swch 'ploughshare' as a component, *cyswch could mean joint-ploughshare' (+-- cy- + swch ) this is made more likely by its coupling in 1 713 with Tir Cyd 'j oint­ land'; cf sub ClwtpatJWn (3 1-a). Blaenresgair -(SN 654-5 1 7)[blaen + yr + esgair]; [bla·'resker H. T. Davies] Blaen-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 b. bet. l 844-91 [ 1844TMS; OS1 891 ] . Blaennant -(SN 647-497) [blaen + y + nant]; [blajn'ant A Lloyd-Jones] Blaennant 1 8 1 3 CD, Blaen-nant OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [18441MS]. Blaenpant -(SN 63 5-504)[blaen + y + pant]; Blaen-pant 1 844TMS Blaenplwyf -(SN 653-5 17)(Mynydd Llanfair)[blaen + y + plwyf]; [bla·n'plojv H. T. Davies] Blaen-plwyf OS 1 89 1 b. bet. l 844-91 (18441MS; OS1 891 ] . Blaenplwyf-ucha -(SN 599-498)(Llwyncnou)[blaen + y + plwyf]; Blaen-plwyf-uchaf 1 839TMS Llanbedr Pontsteffan, Blaen-plwyf-uchaf 0S1 891 Cf Blaenplwyf-ganol (24-a) took this place's name, after it fell into ruins between 1 89 1 -1 982 [OS1891; OS1 982). Blaenwaun -(SN 643-498)[blaen + y + gwaun]; [blajn'wejn A Lloyd-Jones] Blaen-waun 1 844TMS, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 891 Blaenwem -(SN (ii)629-533)[blaen + y + gwern]; [bla·'wern D. Davies] Tir Glan y Wern als. Tythen David Gruffith Person 1614 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Glan y Wern 1 66 1 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Blaen y Wern 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Glan y Werne 1 68 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir Glan Ywerne 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Blaen y Wern c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 85, Blaen y Wern 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen y Wern 1 8 1 8sur map, Blaenwern, Blaen-wern 1 844TMS, Blanwern 1 877 Derry Ormond MS S, Blaen-y-wern OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-wern OS 1 904 i) SN 627-533. 1 844. ii) SN 629-533. 1 89 1 (in OS 1 89 1 both locations shown). The forms appear to show an original glan having been reanalysed as blaen, glan is also a better description of the site. Bro-Clywedog -(SN 624- 5l l )[bro + hn. Clywedog] ; Bro Clywedog OS 1 982 ,

486

(3 1) MEBWYNION A housing estate. Brondel -(SN 661-51 2)[bron + y + del]; [vr:mlde:l A Lloyd-Jones, H. T. Davies] Fron-dale OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS189 1 ; 081 904). Brynglas(i) -(SN 643-501 )(lower)[bryn + glas] ; [bru;fgla:s A Lloyd-Jones] Ffos-las 1 8441MS, Bryn-glas O S1 891, Bryn-glas 0Sc. 1 950 Brynglas(ii) -(SN 64 1 -497)(Talwrnglas)[bryn + glas]; Bryn-glas 1 8441MS, Talwrn Glas OS 1 982 Brynmaen -(SN 647-504)[bryn + y + maen/main] ; Bryn-maen OS 1 891 , Bryn-mine OS1 904 b.bet. 1 844-91 [I 8441MS; OS1 89 1 ] . Brynmaeog -(SN 645-498)[tn. Brynmaeog (Carms . )] ; [brmlmej:lg Gl. Williams, A . Lloyd-Jones] Bryn-maiog 1 844TMS, Bryn-meiog OS 1 891 The original Brynmaeog lies some 7km s from this site (SN 65-45, Pont-ar-Dwrch, Pumsaint, Carms.). The personal-name Maeog is widely attested in Brittonic, e. g. 'the sons of Meayanc (Aberporth) [> 1 265(1324) cart. Tal-llychau]; many examples in Breton toponymy, chief of which is Gwimeg (F. Guimaec, Finistere), Vicus Maioci 1 2thcent. [1 990 B. Tanguy: 81 ] ; CC.pn. Magiacus (Brescia, Italy) [ 1 988 P. Russell: 1 58]. Bwlch-y-bryn -(SN 640-506) [bwlch + y + bryn]; Bwlch'y-bryn 1 844TMS Cae-glas -(SN 6 1 2-500)[cae + glas]; Tir y Kae Glas 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Cae Glas 1 772 Hav. WW MS 378 (GMG), Cae Glas OOS 1 8 19, Cae Glas OS1 834, Cae-glas 1 844TMS, Cae-glas OS1 891 Capelmair -(SN 621 -5 1 4) [capel + tn. [Llan]fair (3 1 -a)]; Capel Mair (Independent) OS1 891 , Llanvair, Lampeter c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 279, Capel O S1982 b. 1 825 [ 1851Rel cens . : 5 10; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 105]; b. 1 845 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 05]. Castlehill -(SN 666-507)[E.tn. Castlehill (55-a)]; [kasrhil A. Lloyd-Jones, kasrfhil (id. ) H. T. Davies] Castlehill Farm OS1 891 , Castle Hill 1 963 D. Williams p. 6 Cefn-y-bryn -(SN 642-500)[cefn + y + bryn] ; Cefn'y-bryn 1 844TMS Cefn-yr-esgair -(SN 653-51 3)[cefn + yr + esgair] ; Cefn-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 Cefnfaelallt -(SN 61 6-5 1 6)[cefu + maelard] ; [kevenlvejlalt (i:n i.fa ag ax,a) D. T . Evans, ke·ven1V:llaH D . Davies] Tir Owain 'at or near' Keven Maylart 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Keven y Maylard 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Tyr Keven Coed Maylard 1 676 Bronwydd MSS, Nayallt ? 1 686 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/3 1 3, Penyllan als. Cefen Mellard 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cefen Moyallt 1 791 sur map, Cefn Neilallt c. 1 800-20 Derry Ormond MS S, Cavan Moyallt 1 8 1 8sur map, Cefn Meilod OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn-y-foelallt OS1 834, Cefn-foel­ allt, Cefn-moel-allt 1 844TMS, Cefen Milard 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Cefn-foelallt OS 1 891 , (c) Allt Cefnfoel (prox.) 1 944 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 03, Higher Cefnfoelallt + Lower Cefnfoelallt OS1 982 The name appears to have been originally composed with maelard 'drake', but was later influenced by the mans ion's name Faelallt (32-a). The same change of elements can be seen in the name Penmoelallt als. Penmailard als. Penmilod (SO 01-09, Penderyn, Brees.), Pen Mallard Hills [ 1760map E. Bowen] . The appearance of maelard here is interesting as the local form for 'drake' is at present barlat, marlat [ 1 973 LGW: 264-65] . However the forms maelad/meilat!milat is still found in southern Montgomeryshire, and milart all over the south-eastern Wales, reaching as near to this location as Rhydcymerau (Carms.). For the loss of medial in 1 79 1 , 1 8 1 8 forms, see sub Faelallt (27-a). It is just feasible that the earlier forms represent *Maelarth +-- mae/ (bye-form of moel) + garth. Clwtpatrwn -(SN 625-523)[clwt + y + patrwn]; [klutalpatron D. T. Evans] Cysswch isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Cysswch isaf OS1 834, Clwt'y-patrwn 1 844TMS, Clwt-petrwn OS1 891 , Clwt­ patrwn OS 1 904, yng Nghlwt y Patrwm 1 966 E.Pontsian p. 41 The earliest attested name for this site is Cyswch-isa, the alias is identical to an unlocated piece of land in the parish of Llanbedr Pontsteffan - namely 'meadow' Clytty Patrion ( 1 65 1 in 1 91 3 L. E. Ll. Theakston & J. Davies: 32], (c) Clwtt y Pattrwn [ 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4 in 1 948 GMG: 295], Clwtt y Pattrwn [1 753 Peterwell MS 44], 487

(3 1) MEBWYNION Clwtt y Pattrwyn [ 1 772 Hav. EW M88 378 in 1 948 GMG: 295] . It is feasible that for some reason or other the original Cyswch-isa emulated the name of the Clwtpatrwn in Llanbedr parish. The meaning of W. patrwn is 'pattern', though it could also mean 'patron (i. e. one with a right to present a living to a cleric)', e.g. (c) Lloin y Patroniad, which belonged to the freeholders of Llanfair Nantgwyn, co-patrons of their free­ chapel [ c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.281] . I am unsure who were the patrons of Llanfair Clywedogau and Llanbedr Pontsteffan parishes. Cnwcsych -(SN 642-506)[cnwc + sych] ; Cnwc-sych 1 844TMS, Cwmsych 1 875sur. landowners p.3, Cnwc-sych OS 1 891 Cwm -(SN 630-5 1 0)[cwm]; Cwm OS1 89 1 Cwmcroes -(SN 641 -501 ) [cwm + croes] ; Cwm-croes 1 844TMS Cwmrolchfa -(SN 641 -5 1 2)[cwm + yr + golchfa] ; [;llzva A. Lloyd-Jones] Cwm'rolchfa 1 844TMS, Cwm-yr-olchfa OS 1 891 Cwrt-y-cylchau -(SN 638-507) [cwrt + y + cylchau] ; [kurt Gl. Williams, kurt�'kdze A. Lloyd-Jones] Cwrt'y Cylchau 1 844TMS, Cwrt-y-cylchau OS 1 89 1 Thatched roof house, but rebuilt in 1 932 [inf A Lloyd-Jones]; the cylchau may refer to fairy rings; cf. sub Penringsen (72-b) . Ddounant -(SN 650-456)[y + dau + nant] ; [1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 848, Lanvayr Cledogie 1 674 Price of Norton MSS, Llanvair y Cleydogey 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Llanvayrgledogey 1 688 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/307, Llanvaircledogey 1693 RepWMS S vol. 1 pt.2 p. 73 9, Llanvaire Clydogy 1 696/97 Price of Norton, Lhanvair y Clydoge c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 67, Llanvair Clywedogau c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 85, Llanvaire Cledogey 1 7 1 0 Derry Ormond MSS, Llanvaire Cledogeu 1 720 Derry Ormond MSS, Llanvair Cludogie 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llanvayre Cleddogge 1 724 Castlehill MSS, Llanfair Cludogau 1 726 Coleman MS 1 39, Llanvair Cludogey 1 737 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/3 1 9, Llanvayr Cluwedoge 1 73 8 Llanllawddog MSS p. 53, Llanvair Cludogeu 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Llanvayre Cledogey 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Llanver Clydogeu 1760map E.Bowen, Llanvayr 1 763 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p.967, Lanvayr Clwedogau 1 763 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p.968, Llanverclyogue 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Llanfair 1 767rent p.238, Llanvair Cludogau 1 776PR Llangeitho, Llanfair-Clydogau 1 783PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Llanvar Clydogeu 1 791 Derry Ormond MSS, Llanvaire Clydogge 1 792 Price of Norton MSS, Llanfair Cloydogau 1 797PR Llanddewi Breft, Llanfair Cloudogau 1 802PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Llanfair Clydoge 1 803map J. Singer, Llanver Clydoge 1 8 1 3 CD, Llanfair Clydogau OOS 1 8 1 9, Llan-fair-y-clywedogau 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 1 1 6, Llanfair-Clydogau, St. Mary's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 891 , CH OS1 982 The name Clywedogau is a collective name of the three streams called Clywedog that unite as one stream about 1 km above Llanfair Clywedogau. The explanation clydogau 'sheltered places' [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle: xxxii] can be safely dismissed. Llanfair-fach -(SN 605-500)[llan + f pn. Mair (+ bach)] ; [ianvar'va:x D. Davies] Llanvayr fach 1 700212 CO (GMG), Llanvair vach 1 767rent p.240, Llanfaer fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Llanfair-fach OS1 834, Llanfairuach 1 839 Falcondale MS 1 38, Llanfair fach 1 844TMS, Llanfair-filch OS 1 89 1

490

(3 1) MEBWYNION This lies over 2km from the church at Llanfair Clywedogau, across the Teifi river, and may be named in opposition to the mans ion Llanfair-fawr (31-a). Llanfair-fawr -(SN (ii)625-5 1 2)[llan + f pn. Mair (+ mawr)] ; [lanver'vowr D. Davies] Llan Yair 1 602 G. Owen volA p.464, Maesgledoggy 1 61 9 Gog. OS p. 78, Tythyn y Plas Maes Clyewdoge, Tythyn y Plas 1 603-25 T.I.Jones (1 955) p. 1 09, Maes Clywedog 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Lhanvair House c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Llanvair 1 760CF, Llanvair als. Llanfair Clydogy 'capital messuage' 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Plas Llanvair Clywedogau 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. 222, Plas Llanvair-Clywedogau 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. 1 77, Llanfair fawr 1 844TMS, Llanfair-fawr OS 1 89 1 , The Plas c. 1 950 H. Lewis The forms above show that this mansion was originally called Maesclywedogau or Maesclywedog, before assuming the name Llanfair-fawr. This was originally the home of the Lloyd family [ c. l 950 H. Lewis], but had fallen into ruins by 1 808 [s. R. Meyrick: 222]. i) SN 626- 5 1 2. 1 844. Was above church towards the mountain, nothing to do with the modern Llanfair House [c.1 950 H. Lewis]. ii) SN 625-5 1 2. b.bet. 1 844-91 [1844TMS; OS1 89 1 ] . Llanfair House -(SN 605-497)[tn. Llanfair (31 -a) + E. house] ; Llanfair House OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS 1 89 1 ; OS1904). Lluest-y-bedw -(SN 636-502)[lluest + y + bedw] ; [Hasta'bedu A Lloyd-Jones] Lluest'y-bedu, Lluest'y-bedw 1 844TMS, Lluest-y-fedw OS 1 89 1 , Lluest-y-fedw OS 1 904 Cf Hen Lluest-y-bedw (31-a). Lluest-isa -(SN 642- 5 1 0)[lluest (+ isaf)] ; Lluest-isaf OS 1 89 1 Lluest-ucha -(SN 644-509)[lluest ( + uchaf)] ; [Hast'aza A Lloyd-Jones] Lluest ? 1 844TMS, Lluest-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Lluest-isaf (sic) 0Sc. 1 950 Llwynbedw -(SN 63 6-50 1 )[llwyn + bedw] ; Llwyn-bedw, Llwyn'y-bedw 1 844TMS, Llwyn-y-fedw OS1 891 , Llwyn-y-fedw OS1 904 The forms with the definite article have been influenced by the nearby Lluest-y-bedw (3 1 -a). Llwyncnou -(SN 600-492)[1lwyn + cnau]; [lujn D. Davies] Tyr Llwyn y Cnoy 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Cnnau OOS 1 8 1 9, Llwyn-collen OS 1 834, Llwyncnoy 1 839 Falcondale MS 1 38, Llwyn Cnoy 1 844TMS, Llwyn-cnau OS 1 891 , Y Llwyn 1 898 Cymru vol. 1 4 p.23 1 The older name of the 'hazel' in Welsh was collen pl. cyll, but has tended to be superseded by the term for 'nut', viz cneuen pl. cnau (cf. Cnwc-y-gnouen, 37-a), however, this name is likely to be too early for cnau to have meant hazel, so that the meaning of this name is 'bush of the nuts'. Llwyngog -(SN 645-509)[llwyn + y + cog] ; [lujn'go:g Gl. Williams] Troed'y-rhiw-coch ? 1 844TMS, Llwyn-y-gog OS 1 891 See Troedrhiwgoch (31 -a). Llwynpiod -(SN 63 5-523)[llwyn + y + pi:o d] ; Llwynpiod 1 844TMS In ruins [OS1 891 ] . Magwyr Pant-y-fign -(SN 665-502)[magwyr + tn. Pant-y-fign] ; Magwr Pantyfigin 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau Maesglas -(SN 639-499)[maes + glas]; Maes-glas 1 844TMS, Maes-glas OS 1 89 1 Melin Llanfair -(SN 61 1 -499)[melin + tn. Llanfair (31 -a)] ; [velm'lanver D. Davies] Melin Llanvair 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Ty wrth y Velin, Tynyvelin 1 760CF, Melin y Pentre ?? 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Melin Llanfair OOS 1 8 1 9, Mill 1 844TMS, Llanfair Corn Mill OS 1 89 1 , Llanfair Mill OS 1 904, i Felin Llanfaircludogau 1 904 J.Evans p. l l 7, Mill 0Sc. l950, Maesisaf OS 1 982, Felin Llanfair 1 985 CER vol. 1 0 p. 1 23 Moelfryn -(SN 655-494)[moel + bryn] ; [m�rvlm, m�rvrm A Lloyd-Jones] (c) Moelfryn OS 1 834, (c) Gam + Gam y Molfryn 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau, Moelfryn OS1 891

49 1

(3 1) MEBWYNION b. c. 1 845 [ 1 945 Plwyf Cellan: 20] ; as well as because of the date of construction ofMoelfryn , the Moilvron of 1 577 quoted by G. M. Griffiths [ 1 948: 296] cannot be the same as this place, as it lay in the grange of Hafodwen, probably in Ystrad parish. Mowntan -(SN 635-5 1 9)[E. mountain] ; (c625) Mount Pleasant 1 844TMS, Mountan c. 1 890 in 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 3 58, Mountain Pleasant OS 1 89 1 , Mowntan 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 Nant-y-clawdd -(SN 640-509)[bn. Nant-y-clawdd(ii)] ; Nant'y Clawdd 1 844TMS, Nant-y-clawdd OS 1 891 The clawdd refers to the clawdd-mynydd. Nantmedd -(SN 6 1 3 -506)[hn. Nantmedd] ; [nant'me:� D. Davies] Nant y Medd 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Nant y Medd 1 727 in 1 90 5 WGaz. 23/02/05, Gwernmeth 1 785 in 1 808 S .RMeyrick p.22 1 , Nantymeath 1 785 Derry Ormond MSS , Nantmeeth 1 807 in 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p.22, Nant y Medd OOS 1 8 1 9, Gwem-y-medd (sic) OS 1 834, Nant-medd 1 844TMS, Nant-y-medd OS 1 89 1 Nouadd -(SN 626- 5 1 4)[neuadd] ; Noyadd OS 1 982 Ochr-y-bryn -(SN 642-504)[ochr + y + bryn] ; Ochr'y-bryn 1 844TMS Oxen h all -(SN 637-504)[E.tn. Oxenhall (Gloucs.)] ; [:lks�n'h:l:l Gl. Williams, A Lloyd-Jones] Oxen Hall 1 844TMS, Oxen Hall OS 1 891 Pandy -(SN 6 1 2-500)[pandy] ; [pandi D. Davies] Velin vach ? 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Llanfair Tucking Mill 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Pandy Fulling Mill OS 1 89 1 , Pandy, Fulling Mill (dis.) 0Sc. 1 950, Pandy OS 1 982 A woollen factory to c. 1 925 [ 1 984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37 ] . Pantresgair -(SN 647-5 1 3 )[pant + yr + esgair]; [pant�'resker A. Lloyd-Jones, pant'r�sker, pant'r�skel (id.) H. T. Davies] Pant'r-esgair 1 844TMS, Pant-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 Pantfedwen -(SN 63 8-501 )[pant + y + bedwen] ; [pant'vedwen Gl. Williams] Pant'y Fedwen 1 844TMS, Pant-y-fedwen OS 1 89 1 Pantglas -(SN 61 6-528)[pant + glas] ; Pantglas OOS 1 8 1 9, Pant-glas OS 1 834, Pant-glas OS 1 89 1 Pantmanal - (SN 63 5-50 1 ) [pant + y + banadl] ; [pant�'banal, now kaban Gl. Williams] Caban 1 844TMS, Pant-manal OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-manal OS1 904, Caban 1 924-26 CSRLS 38, Caban OS 1 982 The variation between the written mana! and pronounced banal reflects the fact that the boundary between the two realisations overlaps in this area. The alternative name can be compared to the nearby

Cabinadda (30-a). Pantmeinog -(SN 648-503)[tn. Pantmeinog (Pencarreg, Canns.)] ; [pant'mejn:lg Gl. Williams, pant�'mi·n:lg

A.

Lloyd-Jones] Pant-maenog OS 1 89 1 , Pant-meinog OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 844-91 [ 1 844TMS; OS1 891 ] . This may have been named after Pantmeinog (SN 59-44, Pencarreg, Carrns.), some 8km to the sw, though it may also have been suggested by nearby Brynmaen (31-a). Pant-teg-isa -(SN 643-495)[pant + teg (+ isaf)] ; Pant-teg-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Pant-teg-isaf 0Sc. l 950 Refers to Pant-teg-ucha (30-a). Pantunnos -(SN 638-527)[pant + un + nos] ; [pant'�n:ls D. Davies, J. T. Rees] Pantynos 1 760CF, Pantunos 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Pant Unnos 1 791 sur map, Pantynws OOS 1 8 1 9, Pant Unos OS 1 834, Pantynnos 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 1 p.3, Pantdynos 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi map p. 1 0, Pant-un-nos 1 844TMS, Pantynos 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS, Pant-y-nos OS 1 89 1 , Pantunos OS1 904 Parcnouadd -(SN 622-5 1 9)[parc + y + neuadd] ; [park'n:lja� D. Davies, D. T. Evans] Park y Noyadd 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Park Neuadd OOS 1 8 1 9, Parc-neuadd OS 1 834, Park-neuadd 1 844TMS, Parc-neuadd OS 1 89 1 Parcpywel - ( SN 604-496)[parc + sn. Pywel] ; [pla·s,ba:x_'k:lted3 D. Davies] 492

(3 1) MEBWYNION Ty yn y Park ? 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Parc-powel OS1 89 1 , Parkypowel 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 Cf Plas-bach (3 1-a). Penbryn -(SN 642-505)[pen + y + bryn] ; [pen'brm A Lloyd-Jones] Pen'y-bryn 1 844TMS Pencae'rodyn -(SN 624-527)[pen + cae + yr + odynL [pen,ka'r:ldm D. T. Evans] Tir Jevan ap Jevan David Llanvair 1 62 1 Derry Ormond MS S, Pencaeyrodin als. Tyr Jevan ap Jevan David Llanfair 1 794 Derry Ormond MSS, Pencaer Odin 1 828 BRA (1 966) MSS p.24, Pen-cae'rodyn 1844TMS, Pen-cae-yr-odyn OS1 891 , Pen-cae'r-odyn OS1 904 This place adjoins Pen-y-garn (31-a) which, one will note, is a similar sounding name. Pencilboa -(SN 633-502)[pen + Bibl.tn. Gilboah] ; [penkrl'bua Gl. Williams] Pencilboa 1 844TMS, Pen-cil-boah OS1 891 , Blaen-nant-fach-ddu OS 1 904, Pencilbwa 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p.2, Lether Villa OS 1 982 Pen-y-garn -(SN 625-527)[pen + y + earn]; Tir Lewis David ap Jevan Gytto 1647 Derry Ormond MSS, Kae r Gytto ? 1 720 Derry Ormond MSS, Penygam 1 791 Derry Ormond MSS, Penygarn als. Tyr Lewis David ap Jenkin Gytto 1794 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen-y-garn OS1 834, Pen'y-garn 1 844TMS Cf Pencae'rodyn (31-a). Pengelli-bryn -(SN 648-520)[pen + y + celli + tn. Bryn[casegfan] (31 -b)] ; [pen'gcli A Lloyd-Jones, pen,gcli'br;)n H. T. Davies, pe1Jgli'br;)n J. T. Rees] Pengelliucha 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau, Pen-y-gelli OS 1 89 1, Pen-gelli'r-bryn O S 1904 b.bet. 1 844-59 [ 18441MS; 1 859Encl. map] . Pengelli'resgair -(SN 650-5 1 5) [pen + y + celli + tn. Esgair [Llanfair] (3 1-b)]; [pen,gcli'r;)sker H. T. Davies] Pen-gelli OS 1 89 1 , Pen-gelli'r-esgair OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 844-59 [ 1 8441MS; 1 859Encl. map] . Pen-y-graig -(SN 640-5 1 0)[pen + y + craig] ; [pen;)'grajg A Lloyd-Jones] Pen'y-graig 1 844TMS, Pen-y-graig OS1 891 Penlan -(SN 632-5 1 4) [pen + y + glan]; [pe'lan A Lloyd-Jones] Penlan OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen'lan OS1 834, Pen'y-lan 1 844TMS, Pen-lan OS 1 89 1 Penlan Goetre -(SN 61 1 - 5 1 5)[pen + y + glan + tn. Goetre (31-a)] ; [penlan'va:x D . Davies, pen,lan'g:ljtre D . T. Evans] Penn Glan y Fforest 1 666 Castlehill MSS, Penlan Goitre 1 844TMS, Pen-lan-goetre OS 1 891 Penlan Medd -(SN 609-506)[pen + y + glan + tn. [Nant]medd (3 1 -a)] ; [pelan'me:p'ianver D. Davies] PO OS 1 982

Talwmglas -(SN 642-498)[talwrn + glas] ; [talon'gla:s

Gl. Williams,

talorn'gla:s A.

Lloyd-Jones]

Talwn-glas 1 844TMS Inexistent

Tancoed

[OS 1891];

see Brynglas(ii), on parish boundary claimed by Cellan parish [ 1 856Encl. map Cellan] .

-(SN 620-5 1 8)[tan + y + coed] ;

[tau'ko:d

D. Davies, D. T. Evans]

Tan-coed OS 1 89 1

Tanresgair -(SN 642-5 1 1 )[tan + yr + esgair]; Dan'r-esgair 1 844TMS, Tan-yr-esgair O S 1 89 1

Tempi-bar -(SN 63 6-523) [E.tn.

Temple Bar

(London)] ;

Temple Bar 1 844TMS

Tir-bach

-(SN 636-524)[tir + bach] ;

Tir-bach 1 844TMS, Allt-Cynog (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Tir-bach O S 1 904

Troed-y-bryn

-(SN 63 9-5 06)[troed + y + bryn] ;

Troedybryn 1 806PR Llanddewi Brefi,

Troedrhiwgoch

(c706) Troed'y-bryn 1 844TMS, Troed-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 [tr:>dru'go:x Gl. Williams]

-(SN 649-508)[troed + y + rhiw + coch] ;

cote 1 844TMS, Troed-y-rhiw-goch O S 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-goch O S 1 904 See Llwyngog (31 -a).

Troedrhiwsamau

-(SN 63 5-502) [troed + rhiw + y + sarnau] ;

Rhiwsarnau, Troed y Rhiw Sarnau OOS 1 8 1 9, Troed-y-rhiw Sarnau O S 1 834, Troed'y-rhiw-sarnau 1 844TMS, Troedrhiw-bwci ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8

Ty-coch -(SN 6 1 9-5 1 1 )[tY + coch] ; Ty-coch OS 1 89 1 , Tycoch OS 1 982

Tynfron

-(SN 627-534)[tyddyn + y

+ bron] ; [tm'vr:>n D.

T. Evans]

Ty'n-y-fron OS 1 89 1

Tynlon

-(SN 624-5 1 1 )[tyddyn + y + Ion] ; Ty'n-lon OS 1 89 1

Tynwaun

-(SN 640-499)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ;

[tm'wejn

Gl. Williams,

A

Lloyd-Jones]

Ty Waun 1 844TMS, Ty'n-y-waun OS 1 89 1

Waun Castle -(SN 643-506)[y + gwaun + E.

castle];

[wejn'kasJ A

Lloyd-Jones]

Wind Castle 1 844TMS, Waun Castle OS 1 89 1 The spelling o f waun a s

wind i n the 1 844 form i s also found i n Wynd-segyr (Llangain, Carms.) [1733 G. E. * Waunsegur, cf Waunsegur (79-a). I t i s also reminiscent o f a number of streets of south-western Welsh towns named Wind Street which are locally pronounced: wajnd'stri:t (Swansea, G1ams.) [p .c . P. Morgan] ; wajnd'stri:t (Ammanford, Carms.) [inf.]; wajn d'stri:t (pt. ofHigh Street, Llandysul) [inf. H. &

Evans MSS: 4],

probably for

494

(3 1) MEBWYNION D. Lewis] . The pronunciation wajnd of 'wind' is known in the English of Shakespeare [p.c. P. Morgan] so that this common name could simply refer to a windy street, though I wonder - especially in the case of the Swansea name - that it may have some connection to the medieval legal term de vento et de vico 'of the wind and of the street' for burgesses who held no burgages (attested in thirteenth-century Aberteifi, 1 -a) [1959 I. J. Sanders: 3 20], and who obviously conducted their trade outdoors on the streets; cf Waun Castle (30-a). Waunwen -(SN 628-52 1 ) [y + gwaun + gwen] ; [wejn'wen A Lloyd-Jones, H. T. Davies] Y Weyn Wen 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Wein Wen yssa 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Weyn Wen ycha + issa 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Weyn Wen yecha, Weywen issa 1 772 Hav. WW MS 378 (GMG), Waunwen ycha 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Wawn Wen ycha 1 790 Hav. WW MS 380 (GMG), Waun Wen 1 79 1 sur map, Waynwen 1 803map J.Singer, Gwaun Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, 'Waun-wen OS 1 834, Waun-wen 1 844TMS Wennallt-isa -(SN 643-5 1 4)[y + gwen + alit (+ isaf)]; [wenait H. T. Davies] Wenallt-isaf OS 1 89 1 b.bet. 1 844-91 [18441MS; OS1 891 ) . Wennallt-ucha -(SN 647-5 1 9)[y + gwen + allt (+ uchaf)] ; [wenait A Lloyd-Jones] Wenallt-uchaf OS1 89 1 , Wenallt ucha 1 963 D.Williams p.6, Bryn ? 1 963 D.Williams p. 5 1 b.bet. 1 844-91 [ 18441MS; 081 89 1 ] . Wem-fawr -(SN 627-529)[y + gwern + mawr]; [wern'vowr D. T . Evans] Wernvawr 1 79 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Cysswch (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Wern-fawr 1 844TMS, Wern-fawr OS 1 89 1 Ynysmoch -(SN 642-507)[ynys + y + moch] ; Ynys OS 1 834, Ynys Moch 1 844TMS, Ynys OS 1 891 Ysgoldy-fach -(SN 643-509)[ysgoldy + bach] ; [sk:lldi'va:x Gl. Williams] Sunday School OS 1 904 Ysgol Llanfair -(SN 629-5 1 3)[ysgol + tn. Llanfair (31 -a)] ; School OS 1 891 , School OS 1 904, Sch. 0Sc. 1 950, Llanfair C.P. 1 967 WLS, Bronfa OS 1 982 Closed 1 974 [inf]. Ysgubor-fach -(SN 609-498) [ysgubor + bach]; Ysgubor-rach OS 1 89 1

geonyms Bryncasegfan -(SN 643-520)[bryn + ? ] ; [bagk,pe'lan H. T. Davies] Bryn Casegvan c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Bryn-Cyssegrefan OS 1 834, Bryncyssegrfan 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. l p. 8, Bryn Cyssegrfan OS 1 891 , Bryn Penlan 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8, Bryn Cysegrfa (sic) OS1 982 The term cysegrfan means 'sanctuary' - but whilst common in Modern Welsh, the suffix -fan is uncommon in traditional Welsh toponyms, Bryncasegfan would be the only instance known to me in Cardiganshire. Another possibility is that the last element is -faen (lenited form of maen 'stone'), so that we may have *cysegifaen 'sanctuary or sacred stone' (cf Maen (32-a) als. Maen-yr-allor), however, the earliest spelling may indicate the name was caseg + maen 'mare stone', to which we may compare it is Carreg-y-marchfaen (72-b) which, however, may prove to be a literary replacement of an original Carreg­ yr-hysblog; see Pengelli-bryn (3 1-a). Carregcadno -(SN 668-508)[carreg + cadno] ; Carreg y Gudno 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 8, Carreg Cadno 1 836MR Llanddewi Brefi p. l 2, Carreg y Cadno 1 839TMS, Garreg fawr 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau, Carreg Cadno 1 875map Blaentwrch Cnwcglas -(SN 645-496)[cnwc + glas] ; Cnwck Glas 1 856Encl map Cellan Esgair Llanfair -(SN 661 - 5 1 3)[esgair + tn. Llanfair (3 1 a)] ; Esgair Llanfair OS 1 834, Esgair Llanfair OS 1 891 , o Gefn Llanfair 1 91 6 Cymru vol 50 p.63 See Pengelli'resgair (31-a). Gwaun Llanfair -(SN 653-505)[gwaun + tn. Llanfair (3 1 -a)]; [wejn'f:anver H. T. Davies] Mynydd Llanvaer 'famous for its turf c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 85, 'Waun Llanfair OS 1 834 Llethrgarw -(SN 665-505)[11ethr + garw]; -

495

(3 1) MEBWYNION Lhether Garw c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Llethr-garw OS 1 83 4

Llocbrwyn - ( S N 659-5 1 2)[1loc + brwynL Llock Twarch 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 8, Llockybryn 1 85 9Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau

Lloctywarch (31 -b ). Llocesgair -(SN 649-494)[1loc + tn. Cf

Esgair

(31-a)];

Llock Esgr 1 8 56Encl. map Cellan

Lloc-Jons -(SN 653-490)[1loc + sn.

Johnes

?];

Lloe-Johnes 'a heap of earth' 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 553, Llock Will Jones 1 856Encl. map Cellan The Johnes surname, borne at one time by the squires of Llanfair-fawr (31 -a),

is

locally pronounced

d3;,nz

[inf .] .

Lloc Ochrbryn

-(SN 649-521 )[lloc

+ tn.

Ochrbryn] ;

Carreg Ochrebrin 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 8, Llock Ochor Bryn 1 8 59Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau

Lloctywarch -(SN 656-5 1 6)[lloc + tywarch] ; Llock Brwyn 1 83 4MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 8, Lock Brewin 1 836MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 1 2, Llock Twarch 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau

Llocbrwyn (31 -b). Pon-y-mynydd -(SN 67 1 -506)[pon + y + mynydd] ; [lm�'gwajS Gl Williams, Jones, l�n'durz H. T. Davies, p;,n'durz, hn'durz M. Davies] Cf

J. Davies,

p;,n�'m�mr>

A. Lloyd­

Pond 1 875map Blaentwrch, Llyn y Gwaith 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Llyn y Gwaith O S 1 89 1 , Pond y Mynydd 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 "The proprietors of the Llanfair Mines have a spot o f ground t o make a reservoir t o supply the said works, subject to the approbation of the lord of the manor and subject to the rights of the manor, and they

fix the rent of it at five shillings. " [ 1 875 Eccl.Conun. vs. Griffith s: 1 1] ; existent 1 860 [ 1 860MR Llanddewi on maps [inf. A Lloyd-Jones] . H. Ll. Humphreys believes he has heard Llyn-y-mynydd for it at Llanbedr. This lake's name has been confused with the nearby natural lake of Llyndwrch (SN 671-

Brefi] . Llyn-y-gwaith

501 , Caeo, Carms.), lm'turz [inf. Gl. Williams] Pont Llanfair -(SN 622- 5 1 3) [pont + tn. Llanfair (31 -a)]; Pont Llanfair 1 803map J. Singer, Llanfair Bridge 1 804-1 3 R Fenton p. l 2, Pont Llanfair O S 1 982 See Picadili

Pyllbo

(31-a).

-(SN c.654-49 l )[pwll

+ baw]; [pdb;,

Gl. Williams]

Bwllpo c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Pillpo vach

+

vawr 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 5 5 3 , Pwll y Baw OS 1 834,

Carreg Pullbo fach 1 856Encl. map Cellan, Pond 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau,

(c)

Craig Pillbo

(prox.) 1 879 AC p. 57, Pill-bo 'pronounced by guide' 1 879 AC p. 56, Pwll y Baw 'neu' Billbo 'fel y seinir yr enw ar lafar gwlad' 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p. 20, Phillbo 1 945 Plwyf Cellan p. 1 9, Pillbo c. l 936 G.E. Evans p.63

"An artificial embankment of considerable

extent curving almost all across the swamp. "

[1879 AC: 56];

"Bu

yn lle pwysig a chadam unwaith, ac yn gwasanaethu fel ymguddfan i'r gwannaf mewn cad. " - in reference

[ 1906 Cymru: 3 1 .20] . A bog where the (torri tWerch) [inf. A Lloyd-Jones] ; 'a wet boggy swamp' [c.1 936 G. E. Evans: 63] ; cf Pyllbo (SN 85-50, Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.), p�b;, (inf D.Jones(ii)], pmbo (inf D. Davies], and said t o b e derived from Pwll y Bwa [1912 Cymru: 42.202]. Rhoscrwys -(SN 646-523) [rhos + y + crwys]; to the Arminian nonconformists of Cellan, Llan-y-crwys and Caeo people of Llanfair Clywedogau dug up peat

Rhose y Croyse (in Llanddewi Brefi) 1 760 Derry Ormond MSS, Gwarrhos y Groes 1 823 Derry Ormond MS S, Groes Grwys 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p. 8, Rhosycrwys 1 836MR Llanddewi Brefi p. l 2

496

(32) PENNARDD

LLANDDEWI BREFI Abercamddwr -(SN 805-500)[aber + hn. Camddwr]; [aber'kam6or Gl. Davies, 1 989 E. M Watkins p. 1 55 ] Abergwrach a Chamddwr 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p.99, A [ ]camddwr 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Aber Camddwr 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Cae Abercamddwr 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Abercamddwr OOS 1 82 1 , Abercamddwr 1 840TMS The inhabitants of Abercamddwr, along with Abergwrach, Gnuach (34�a), Y Dd6l, Talcencoch (the last two being across the county boundary) were called gwi:rarab'ere [inf. D. Jones(ii)]. There were also another two unlocated houses named Typica and Crajlwyn in Abercamddwr [ 1979a E. Jones : 129] ; wyth mwg yn yr Aberau [inf. D. Jones(ii)] ; cf smoke 'a human habitation' (Strathdeam Inverness-shire) ( 1 961 I. F. Grant: 39], the corresponding term in Breton is tan 'fire' and in old-fashioned French feux 'fire' both have the same meanmg. Abercarfan-( SN 667-573)[aber + hn. Carfan] ; [aber'karvan Gl. Davies, abar'karvan C. Jones] Aber Karvan 1 546 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythyn William David Lloyn yn Aber Carvan 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Abercarfan 1 690rent £23 , Abercarvan 1 760CF, Abercarvan fach (prox.) 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Abercarfon OS 1 8 1 9, Aber Carven 1 862 G. Borrow p.454 Abercoed -(SN 669-580)[aber + coed] ; [aber'ko:d Gl. Davies, abar'ko:d C. Jones] Abercoed 1 784PR Llanddewi Brefi, Abercoed 1 803map J.Singer, Abercoed 08 1 8 1 9, Aber Coed OS 1 83 4 Aberdeuddwr -(SN 694-543)[aber + dau + dWI-]; [aber'daj6ur, aber'di6ur Gl. Davies, aber'dej(')ur C. Jones, abar'dej(')ur D. Jones(i)] Abutridwr (sic) 1 803map J. Singer, Aber Dau Dwr 08 1 81 9, Tyr John David ap Evan yn Aberddoyddwr, 'since called' Tyr John Thomas Rosser yn Aberddoyddwr, 'now called' Aberddauddwr 1 834 Derry Ormond MSS, Aberddwyddwr 1 839TMS, Aberdawddwr 1 840TMS, Aberddoyddwr 1 842 Derry Ormond MSS, Aberdoydwr 1 85 5MR Llanddewi Brefi vol.2 p.28, Aberdoiddwr 1 855MR Llanddewi Brefi vol.2 p.3 1, Aberdauddwr OS 1 89 1 Abergwrach -(SN 806-499)[aber + hn. GwrachL [aber'gra:z Gl. Davies, D. Jones(ii), Gwl. Jones, aber'gwra:z 1 989 E. M. Watkins p. 1 55, Gwl. Jones, a'gra:z J. Lewis] Abergwrach a Chamddwr 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 99, Abergwrach 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 29, Abergwrach 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 87 Abertridwr -(SN 684-504)[aber + tri + dwr] ; [aber'tradur H. T. Davies] Abertridwr 1 780PR Llanddewi Breft, Aber-triddwr OS 1 834 Ralltddu -(SN 652-570)[yr + alit + du] ; [ait ' (')i: , pn. d3�n,raU'(')i: C. Jones, rai'9i: E. James] Allt Dduy 1 620/2 1 Castlehill MSS, Allt Ddu 1 760CF, Rallt Ddu 1 792 Castlehill MSS, Alltddu 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, All-ddu 1 809PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ralltddy 1 84 1 cens. Arhosfa -(SN 756-544)[arhosfa]; [hresva Gl. Davies, hrasva J. Jones] inf Ratal-bychan -(SN 641 -576)[yr + atal (+ bychan)]; [ratal E. Lloyd] Attal bychan 1 760CF, Rhattal bychan 1 785PR Llanddewi Breft, Rhattal 1 792PR Llanddewi Breft, Rattal bychan 1 794PR Llangeitho, (c) Common Lletty'r Sais (prox.) OS 1 83 4, Ratal 1 84 1 cens. , Rattal l 842TMS, R-attal OS 1 89 1 , Siop yr Atal 1 897 T.Evans p. 69, Siop Rhattal 1 988 K.Morris & A.Ll.Morris p.97 The -bychan is in opposition to Ratal-mawr (55-a). Beili-Fadog -(SN 657-552)[beili + pn. Madog]; Fili Fadog 1 79 l sur map, Beilifadog 1 855MR Llanddewi Brefi vol.2 p. 3 1 , Beilmadog 1 861MR Llanddewi Brefi vol.2 p. 67, Bailey Vadog 1 862MR Llanddewi Brefi vo1.2 p.72, Bal-fadog 08 1 89 1 , Beili-fadog OS 1 904, Beili-Madog 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, ym Meilifadog 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 5 1 Bethesta -(SN (i)662-5 54) [Bibl.tn. Bethesda]; [be'9esda C . Jones] Bethesda 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 5 56, Dewi Brevi c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.277, Bethesda 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 73, Capel Bethesda 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 87 i) SN ?. b. 1 780 [ 1 991 Barcud: 1 52]; Tai y Ffidleriaid became Ty Cwrdd Rowland [1 904 J. Evans: 26] ; called Ty Cwrdd Rowlands ( 1 991 Barcud: 152] . ii) SN 662-554. b. 1 824-26 [1 851 Rel cens. : 556; 1904 J. Evans: 28-29; 1 984 D. B. Rees: 87] ; reb. 1 848 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 87] ; formerly called Gardd Jack Roderick [ 1904 J. Evans: 28]; denom. CM. Bethlem -(SN 659-551 )[Bibl.tn. Bethlehem]; [beelem C. Jones, kapel'ba:z M. Davies] 497

(32) PENNARDD Capel Bethlehem OS 1 904, 'gelwir' Capel Bethlehem yn Gapel bach 1 975 Ancr n. 1 b. 1 904 [ 1984 D. B. Rees: 65]; denom. I; called Capel-bach because of size [ 1 975 Ancr: 1 ] . Blac-leion -(SN 662-553)[E. black + lion] ; Black Lion fach (adj.) 1 902 Cymru vol.23 p. 1 4 Blaencarfan -(SN 685-5 70)[blaen + hn . Carfan] ; [Iau,karvan'va:z J . Williams] Tir Richiard ap levan ap Rees als. Tir y Gorware ? 1 635/36 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir Richard ap Ieuan ap Res als. Tir y Gorware at Blaen Carvan 1 647/48 Hendrefelen MSS, Blaen Carvan 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Richard ap Evan Prees als. Tir y Gorware 'at or near' Blaen Carvan 1 690/91 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir Richard ab Evan Prees als. Tir y Gorware ? 1 721/22 Hendrefelen MS S, Blaencarvan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Blaencarfan 1 805PR Llanddewi Breft, Blaencarfan 'pt. of Ystrad-isa' 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaencarfan uchaf 1 841 cens. By the nineteenth century this place's name had become confused with that of nearby Glancaifan (32-a), which accounts for the Blaencaifan uchaf of 1 841 and the form lau,karvan'va:x which I collected orally. Blaencothi -(SN 694-487)[blaen + hn Cothi] ; [bla·u'k:l8i E. Jones] Blaen y Cothy 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Blaencothi 1 777PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaencothy 1 791 sur map, Blaen Cothy 1 803map J.Singer, Blan Cothy 1 805PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaen Cothi OS 1 834, Blaen-y­ Cothi 1 934 D. Jenkins p.32 Blaendoethiau -(SN 74 1-538)[blaen + hn Doethiau] ; [bla:ndo'8ije Gl. Davies, blando'ei·je C. Jones, bla:da '8i·je Gwl. Jones, bla:n'ei·e D. Jones(i), bla·n'8ie Rh. Hughes] Blaendoythie 1 772 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaen Dothieu 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaen Doethie 1 797PR Llanddewi Breft, Blaen-Dothie 1 808PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaen Dolthie 008 1 82 1 , Blaen Doethiau 081 834, Blaendoethir 1 861 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaendother 1 862 Derry Ormond MSS Blaennant( i) -(SN 659-532)(Brynmeinog)[blaen + y + nant]; [bla·'nant J. T. Rees] Blaen-nant 08 1 89 1 Refers t o Trinant (d). Blaennant(ii) -(SN 641 -526)(Closrefail) [blaen + y + nant]; Blaen-nant 081 891 Refers to Nant Pantunnos (d). Blaenpant -(SN 692-569)[blaen + y + pant] ; [blajn'pant I. Jones] Blaen-pant 081 891 Blaenplwyf -(SN 65 1 -584)[blaen + y + plwyf]; [bla:n'ploj E. James] Blaen Plwyf OS 1 891 Blaenrhisgog -(SN 683-534)[blaen + tn. Rhisgog] ; Blaen Rhiscog 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Blaen Rhisgog 1 688 Bronwydd MSS, Llyast Blaen Rhysgog 1 791 sur map, Llyast Blaen Rhysgog 1 807 DFL MSS, Blaenrhysgog 081 8 1 9, Blaen Rhysgog 1 83 9TMS Blaentwrch-isa -(SN 681 -495)[blaen + hn. Twrch (+ isaf)] ; [bla:ntorz'iJa GL Davies, blan'torx Gl. Williams, bla:n'torx J. T. Rees] Tir Blaen Turch (Caeo parish) 1 675/76 CD 64, Blaen Cwm Twrch (Caeo parish) 1 7 1 2 Edwinsford MSS vol.2 p. 695, Blaentwrch issaf 1 791 sur map, Blaentwrch 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaen Twrch 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Tywarch isaf (sic) 0 8 1 8 1 9, Blaentwich 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaen Twrch isaf 081 834, Blaentwrch issa 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-twrch-isaf + Blaen-twrch-uchaf 08 1 891 , Blaen y Twrch 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 34, Blaen Twrch 0Sc. 1 95 0 B y 1 891 Blaentwrch-isa was divided by Nanteinon (d) into Blaentwrch-isa (Caeo, Canns .) and Blaentwrch­ ucha in Llanddewi Brefi parish, this latter not to be confused with the original Blaentwrch-ucha (32-a). Blaentwrch-ucha -(SN 697-5 1 1)[blaen + hn. Twrch (+ uchaf)] ; [bla:ntorx'axa Gl. Davies] Blaen Twrch 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Blaen Tywarch uchof (sic) 08 1 8 19, Blaentwrch ucha 1 839TMS, Blaen Twrch uchaf OS 1 834 Blaenwaun(i) -(SN 669- 51 2)(Greigddu)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:'wejn Gl. Davies, bla·'wejn H. T. Davies] Blaen-waun OS 1 904 Blaenwaun(ii) -(SN 688-567)(Cwmcarfan)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:'wejn P. Williams, bla'wejn C. Jones, blan 'wejn A Rees] Blaen-waun OS 1 89 1 Blaenwaun(iii) -(SN 691 -506)(Cwmtwrch)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:n'wejn H . T. Davies] 498

(32) PENNARDD (c5)

Cae Crwn 1 79 1 sur map, Blaenwaen (al. loc.) 1 875map Blaentwrch, Blaenywaun 1 889 John Francis

MSS vol.2 p. 1 72

Boudy-ucha -(SN 778-542) [beudy + uchaf] ; [b;Jjdi'Iza J. in£ Bridgend -(SN 662-554) [E . bridge + end];

Jones]

Bridgend 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 227, Bridgend (sign) This lies on the opposite side of the river from Penbont(ii), and got an English name because it was an inn at one time.

Brithdir

-(SN 78 1 -532) [brith + tir];

[bra9drr J.

bn9drr

Jones,

D. Jones,

bre8d1r

Gwl Jones,

(c) ka·'braetrr

J.

Jones] Brithdir y Gilydd at Camddwr 1 546 Hendrefelen MSS , Tir Nant y Brithdir, Tir als. Tythyn y Clyn Rhedynog yn Rhyd y Brithdir 1 66 1 Castlehill MS S , Brithdir 1 787PR Llanddewi Breft, Brithdir 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Brithdir OOS 1 82 1 , Brith Dir OS 1 834 The 1 546 form might be modernised as

Brithdir i gilydd at Gamddwr,

the burden of i

gilydd lit. 'to (its) Brithdir in this

companion, fellow, neighbour', seems to be a reference to the fact that there were two

Brithdir-bach (32-a) ;

or cam di cilid diguairet bet i mor 'from the cairn to the next (or [c. l l40 LL: 236]. Brithdir-bach -(SN 784-532) [brith + tir (+ bach) ] ; [braedrr'ba:z J. Jones] Tir Aber Nant y Brithdir 1 66 1 Castlehill MS S, Ruins, (c) Caeau Brithdir bach 1 876map Brithdir, Brithdir area, see

cf OW.

cairn to cairn) downwards as far as the sea'

bach 1 95 5 W.J.Lewis p. 68, 'tY bach yn ymyl Capel Soar a elwid yn' Frithdir-fach 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 1 0

Brobwll -(SN c.750-543 ) [ ? + pwll] ; [brobui Gl.

Davies,

br;Jbui D . Jones(i)]

Tir y Browbwll 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MSS , Tir y Browbwl1 1 69 1 /92 Edwinsford MSS p. 429, Tir y Brow­ bwl1 1 72 1 /22 Neuadd-fawr MS S , Bro-bwll 1 809PR, Brobwll 1 840TMS This name is a difficult one, we are tempted to equate it with Bribwll

(9-a),

but the pronunciation of the

first syllable is different - confrrmed by the relatively early seventeenth century forms. The spelling brow-, which could stand for

(55-a),

�

Briwnant.

*brw-,

a reduction of

briw,

*Briwbwll --+ *Brwbwll --+ Brobwll; cf Bronant [ 1879map ECE SD 90] , that is bro + pwll, is not very

hence

The etymology 'inhabited hollow'

convmcmg.

Bronberllan

-(SN 662-546) [bron + y + perllan] ;

[br;Jm'berlan

C. Jones,

br;Jm'barlan J.

T. Rees]

Bron-berllan OS 1 904

Bronbyrfau -(SN 7 1 6-525)[bon + y + *byrfau] ; [ba'barve, bram'barve br;Jm'barve C. Jones, br;Jn'berve E. Jones]

Gl. Davies,

ban'barve

J. Davies,

Boneyburve 1 75 1 Castlehill MSS, Bone y Burfeye 1 780PR Llanddewi Breft, Bon Byrfen 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bon y Byrfeu 1 783PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Bon y Bwrfeu 1 788PR Llanddewi Breft, Bon y Bwrfen 1 796PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Bon y Byrfen 1 797PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Bron-berfedd 1 809PR Llanddewi Breft, Bon-y-berfedd 1 81 0PR Llanddewi Breft, Pont Berfa O S 1 8 1 9, Bon Borfa O S 1 834, Bronbyrfau 1 840TMS, Fronberfedd 1 846MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol. l p. 59, Bronborfe 1 852MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol. 2 p. l l , Bonbydde 1 85 5MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. l p. 58, Bronbyrddau 1 85 9 D.Morgan p. 1 9, Bronbyrddu 1 861MR Llanddewi Brefi vol 2 p. 67, Bronbyrfan 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS , Bon Borfa O S 1 89 1 , Bronbyrfe O S 1 904, Brynbyrfe >1 9 1 0

in

1 975 Ancr n. 5, Brynbyrfe 1 9 1 9map Llanddewi Brefi,

Bronbyrddau 1 975 Ancr n. 3 , Brynbyrfe 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 90, Brynbyrddau 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones It is said locally that it is from Bryn-y-byrddau, a name which originated

in the seventeenth-century Civil

War when Nonconformists had to meet here on Llanddewi mountain because of persecution by the King and his cohorts.

It

is connected to

Llwybrsaint (32-b),

a mountain track that leads from Cwm Bre:fi to

Cwrn Cothi in Carmarthenshire, named because the Nonconformists fled along it, not far from the track of Llwybrsaint

Jones] .

in

Caeo parish, lies

Crugsiarls where

it was said that King Charles kept his cattle

(p.c. Gw.

The meaning 'tables' has gives rise to another interpretation "llawer o fryniau gyda'r brig yn

wastad"

[1 987 w. P. Ll. Jones] .

The forms of this name show that any explanation by

incorrect. I believe its original meaning may come from an obsolete term

'Gal. *boruC. *byifau?'), Esgairbyifau (32-b), Erw-baifau (71-a).

my forthcoming article in Welsh source) of the springs'; cf

=

*byifau

byrddau

'tables' are

meaning 'springs' (see

and the whole to mean 'the stump (or

Bronhelm -(SN 658-5 54)[bron + yr + helm] ; Bron yr Helem 1 782PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Bryn'rhelem 1 788PR Llanddewi Breft, Bry'rhelem 1 795PR Llanddewi Breft,

(c)

Bron yr Helem 'pt. of Ystrad' 1 807 Derry Ormond MSS, Fronhelem 1 8 1 2PR

499

(32) PENNARDD Llanddewi Brefi, Bron yr Helm OS1 834, Bronhelem OS1 904, (c) Rhos Bron'rhelem (prox. Llety-poeth) 1 909 CAST vol 1 p.56 Bronmwyn -(SN 652-543)[bron + y + mwyn] � [br�n'mujn M. Davies] Fronfwyn 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bron-mwyn OS 1 904 Brynambor -(SN 743-508)[bryn + yr + ambor] ; [bramb�r Gl. Davies, E. Morgan, br�n'amb�r Gl. Davies, brm 'amb�r C. Jones, 1 989 E. M. Watkins p. 1 55, £'i'�.brm'amb�r 1 989 E. M. Watkins app.9] Tyr Bryn yr Amber 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Ambror 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Bryn y Ambor 1 79 1 sur map, Bryn'rambor 1 794PR Llanddewi Bref� Brynyrambor 1 796PR Llanddewi Brefi, Brynrymbor 1 802PR Llanddewi Brefi, Brym Rambor 1 803map J.Singer, Brynrambor OOS 1 821 , Bryn'rambor c. 1 850map Brynambor, Bryn Ambor O S 1 89 1 , Brynambor 1971 G.W.Hall p. 7 1 , Gwaith Brynambor 1 979a E .Jones p. l 04 Brynamlwg -(SN 666-544)[bryn + amlwg] � [brm'amlug C . Jones, M. Davies] Brynamlwg OS 1 982 Brynbrith -(SN 776-538)[bryn + brith]; [br�n'bri:S J. Jones, brm'bri:S D. Jones] Bron Brith OOS 1 82 1 , Brynbrith 1 840TMS, Bryn-brith OS1 891 Bryncaregog -(SN 7 1 9- 533)[bryn + caregog]� [br�n Gl Davies, brm C. Jones] Tyr y Bryn Cerrigog 1 71 8/1 9 Coleman MS 1 3 8, Bryn 1 782PR Llanddewi Bref� Bryn Carregog 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bryn Carregog OS 1 81 9, Bryncaregog 1 875 Eccl.Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 14, Bryncerrigog 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Bref� Bryn Caregog OS 1 89 1 , Y Bryn 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 74 Bryndomen -(SN 660-580)[bryn + y + tomen] ; [brm'd�men C. Jones] Bryndomen OS 1 982 b. c. 1 922 [inf F. Evans] Brynglas(i) -(SN 736- 5 1 2)(Pysgotwr)[bryn + glas]; [br.IU'g la:s GL Davies, C. Jones, br�g'gla:s E. Jones] Tyr Brin Glas 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Glass 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Brynglas 1 797PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bryn Glas OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn Glas O S 1 834 Brynglas(ii) -(SN 762-569)(Camddwr) [bryn + glas] � [bng'gla:s D. Jones] Tir y Bryn Glas als. Tir Merredith David ap levan Dye 1 589 Edwinsford MS S voL 1 p. 1 4 1 , Y Bank Glas 1 691 CD 79, Bryn Glas OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn-glas O S1 834, Brynglas 1 840TMS, Brynglas Camddwr 1 904 J.Evans p. 385 Brynmeinog -(SN 657-529)[bryn + meiniog] � (brm'mejn�g C. Jones, br�'mejn�g H. T. Davies, J. T. Rees, br�n 'mejn�g M. Davies] Bryn-meiog (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Brynmeinog OS 1 904, Brynmeiniog 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 84 Brynteifi -(SN 65 1 -569)[bryn + hn. Teifi]� Bryn-teifi P.O. O S 1 904 Brynywain -(SN 707-529)[bryn + pn. Ywain] � Tyr Bryn Owen 1 746 Castlehill MSS, Brynowen 1 79 1 sur map, Bryn Owen OS 1 8 1 9, Bryn Owen O S 1 834, Brynonen 1 930sur, Brynonnen (sic) 1 984 D.B.Rees p . l l l , Brynwen 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones On the form Brynwen, W. P. Ll. Jones ( 1 987] asks " Tybed pam y treigliad?" � cf Bryngarreglwyd (32-b). Bwlchraethnen -(SN 686-575)[bwlch + yr + aethnen]; [bulx I. Jones] Tir Bwlch yr Aethnen 1 656 Hendrefelen MSS, Bwlch yr Eithin OS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch-yr-eithnant OS 1 834, Bwlchrithnan 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. l p. 3, Bwlch Ithnen 1 836MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. l p. 1 3 , Bwlch yr Eithnen 1 839TMS, ym Mwlch-yr-aethnen, (pn.) Sharns y Bwlch 1 91 0 M. E.Morgan p. 36 Cf Pantraethnen (14-a). Cae-gwyn -(SN 692-568)[cae + gwyn] ; Caegwynn 1 792PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cae Gwyn OS 1 834, Cae Gwyn 1 841 cens. Cf Tir y Cae Duy (unloc., prox.) [ 1 656 Hendrefelen MSS] Camau -(SN 696-550)[camau] ; [karne Gl. Davies, C. Jones] Carnau 1 791 sur map, Came 1 805PR L1anddewi Brefi, Camau OS 1 8 1 9, Carnau OS 1 834 Carregylles -(SN 650-537)[ carreg + y + ? ]; [kareg'�s, kareg '.des M. Davies, gareg'Iies J. T. Rees] Ty-newydd 1 83 9TMS, Careg-Dyllest OS 1 89 1 The loss o f evidenced in the pronunciations is irregular as dylles(t) is a noun. It is conceivable that the 1 89 1 form is incorrect, the pronunciations pointing to a haplology of the term ellylles 'she-goblin, hag, sorceress, witch', however, cf. Nantylles (33-a). Cefnbedd -(SN 641 -541 )[cefu + y + bedd] ; [keven'be: C. Jones] 500

(32) PENNARDD (c) Y Llain ar Gefen y Bedd 1 738 Glansevin MSS, Cefn y Bedd OS1 8 1 9, (c) Llaincefen y Beddau 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Cefn y Bedd OS 1 834, Cefnbedd 1 845TMS Cefngarth-isa -(SN 657-555)[cefn + y + garth (+ isaf)]; [keven,gar8'iJa C. Jones] Cefn-garth-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Garth Owen OS 1 982 Cefngarth-ucha -(SN 655-555) [cefn + y + garth (+ uchaf)] ; [keven'gare C. Jones] Ceven y Garth 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefl, Cefn y Garth 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS, Cefen y Garth 1 800PR Llanddewi Brefl, Cefn y Garth OS 1 8 1 9, (c) Llaincefnygarth 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Cefn y Garth OS 1 834, Cefn Garth ucha 1 84 1 TMS, Cefn-garth-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-garth 0Sc. 1 950 Cefngouan -(SN 632-548)[cefn + tn. Gogouan (32-a)] ; [ke:ven'g ;ljan E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Tyr Dyddgy ap Griffith yn Nheren Gogoyan 1 676 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Dyddgy Ferch Griffith ap Evan 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyr Cefen Cogoyan 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Cefen Gogoyan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cevengogouan 1 790PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cefengogouan 1 794PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cefn Gogowan c. 1 808 Derry Ormond MSS, [ ] Gogoyan OS 1 8 1 9, Cefngogoyan 1 845TMS, Cefngoyan OS 1 891 , Cefengouan >1 9 1 0 in 1 975 Ancr n. 5 Cefnllanio -(SN 656-578)[cefn + tn. Llanio (32-a)] ; [keven't:anj;l C. Jones] Tythyn Yskybor Yngheven Llanio 1 725/26 Castlehill MS S, Tythyn y Skybor Yngheven Llannio 1 746 Castlehill MSS, Keven Llanio 1 760CF, Ceven Llanio 1 782PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cefen Llanio 1 79 1sur map, Cefn Llanio 1 805PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cefn Llanio OS 1 8 1 9, Ceffnlanio 1 822 Castlehill MSS Cefnllwyn -(SN 644-543)[cefn + y + llwyn]; [keven'lujn C. Jones] Cefn-llWyn OS 1 89 1 Closrefaii -(SN 640-529)[clos + yr + efail] ; [gri:n'hd C. Jones, J . T . Rees, grm'hd A . Jones, J . T. Rees] Pentre'r Efel 1 779PR Llanddewi Bref1, Clos yr Efail 1 783PR Llanddewi Bref1, Clos yr Efel 1 79 1 sur map, Close'r Efail 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentre Refel OS 1 8 1 9, Pentre'r-Efail OS 1 834, Clos yr Efel 1 839TMS, Pentrerefel 1 875sur. landowners p.8, Clos-yr-efail OS1891, Greenhill OS1 904, Tyrmorgangoch Farm als. Closyrafel 1 907 T. W.Barker p. 87 Since about the turn of the century this place has been known as Greenhill, whilst the old name is now only used for the adjacent Tir-bach Closrefail (32-a). Clungwyn -(SN 778-468)[clun + gwyn]; [kliiJ'gwm D. Thomas, J. Lewis] Glywyn 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Clyn Gwyn 1788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Clyn Gwynn 1 793PR Llanddewi Brefl, Aberdothie 1 803map J. Singer, Clyn-gwyn OS 1 891 The form of 1 73 1/32 is so garbled that I hesitate to interpret the initial as an example of the common reanalysis of clun to glyn. Cnwcheithinog -(SN 762-502)[cnwch + eithinogL [knu:zej'ei·n;lg J. Jones, knu:z J. Lewis] Cuwch Eithinog 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p. 47, Knwck Ithinog 1 775 MRichardson MSS p. 444, Cnwcheithinog 1 788PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cnwc Eithing 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-10, Cnwc Eithinog OOS 1 82 1 , Cnwc Eithinog OS 1 834, Cnwceithynog 1 840TMS, Sheepfold OS1 891 , Cnwchythinog 1 930sur, Cnwch list J. Lewis The fold called fald�'knu:z lies 50yds above Cnwcheithinog [inf. J. Lewis] Cnwchglas -(SN 767-490) [cnwch + glas]; [knu:z'gla:s J. Jones, J. Lewis] Troed y Cnwck Glaes 1 73 1 /3 2 Llanllawddog MSS p. 47, Cnwcglas 1 803map J. Singer, Cnwc Glas cott. 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Cnwcglas 1 840TMS, Cnwc-glas OS 1 89 1 Cnwchgwyn -(SN 765-5 1 6)[cnwch + gwyn] ; [knu:z'gwm J . Jones, J . Lewis] Tir y Cnwch Gwyn 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir y Cnwch Gwynn 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MSS {v. l. M.Richards} , Knwch Gwime 1 7 1 6 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyr-y-cnwch 1 738 Llanllawddog MS S p. 53, Knouch Gwynne 1 767 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cnwch-gw)ryn 1 788PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cnwch Gwynne 1 796PR Llanddewi Brefl, Cnwc Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Cnwc-gwyn OS1 834, Cnwc Gwyn 1 840TMS, Cnwchgwyn list J. Lewis Cockshead -(SN 632-554)[E. cock + shoot] ; [k;lks'ed E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Cockshutt als. Bwlch y Rhyd Velen 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Cockshot Inn 1 734 Bronwydd MSS , Cockshott Inn 1 758 Bronwydd MSS, Cog's head 1 780PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cock's Head 1 784PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cockshead 1 803map J. Singer, Cockshead OS 1 8 1 9, Cockshutt 1 834MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol. 1 p. 7, Cock's Head 1 856 Glansevin MSS, Cockshead Hall OS1891, i'r Cox's Head 1 928 in CAST vol.6 p. 54, Cog-sed 1 93 1 S.MPowell p. l6, Cocsed GPC s.v. cocsut, (c) Alit y Coxhead 1 986 Barcud n. l 03 50 1

(32) PENNARDD Cf sub Allt Pwllswnd (3-b) . Coed-y-gof -(SN 639-548)[coed + y + gofJ ; [k�d�'go:, kod�'go: C. Jones] Tir y Gove in Gogoyan 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Coed y Gof 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi, Coed y Go 1 809PR Llanddewi Breft, Coed-y-gof OS 1 834, Coed y Go, Coed y Gof 1 845TMS Coli -(SN 744-530) [*coli] ; [nant�·k�li Gl. Davies, k�li C. Jones, D. Jones(i)] Cola OS 1 834, Nantcoli 1 840TMS, Coli OS 1 89 1 , Nantcoli 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 29 Cf Gwemcoli (32-a). Craflwyn -(SN 770-509)[craf + llwyn] ; [kravhm J. Jones, ti·'kravlun J. Lewis] Abernant Cravelin 1 73 1/3 2 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Magwyr-y-craflwyn 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Craflwyn OS 1 89 1 , Craflwn 1 930sur Cribin Comhydd -(SN 793 -5 1 8) [cribyn + tn. Cornhydd] ; [gribin, gribin'dalar J. Lewis] Cribin Corn Hydd 1 73 1 132 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Cribbin 1 806PR Llanddewi Breft, (c) Cae yr Gribbin 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Cribyn Cornhir OOS1 82 1 , Cribyn Cornhir OS1 834, Cribin 1 840TMS The earlier com hydd 'stag-hom' was later reanalysed as com hir 'long horn'. The term com-yr-hydd also meant 'broomrape' (L. Orobanche) [GPC s.v. corn], though I suspect the allusion to shape is topographical rather than botanical here; cf Corn-yr-afr (5-a), Corn-y-bwch (52-a), Pencwmbancar (72-a); cf �·gribin als. Cribin Fanog (not far from Abercamddwr (32-a) but in Breconshire) [inf J. Lewis). Cribin Hengwrt -(SN 764-524)[cribin + tn. Hengwrt] ; Cribyn Hengwrt list J . Lewis Crug -(SN 670-535) [crug] ; [kri:g C. Jones, �·kri:g M. Davies] CrG.g OS 1 89 1 Cwmbrefi -(SN 699-549)[ cwm + hn. Brefi]; [kum'brevi Gl. Davies, J . Davies, kum D . Jones(i)] (c) Ynghwm Brefi c. 1 530 Llanstephan MS 6 p. 1 86, Cwm Brevy 1 760CF, Cwm Brefy 1 778PR Llanddewi Breft, Cwm Brefi OS 1 8 1 9, Cwmbrefi 1 840TMS Cwmcarfan -(SN 671 -573)[cwm + hn. Carfan] ; [kum P. Williams] Tythen G'llim Goch ap Dio in Com Karvan 1 58 1 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir Cum Carvan 1 644/45 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir Cwm Carvan 1 659 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir y Cwm 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Cwm Carvan 1 787PR Llanddewi Breft, Cwm Carnfan fach 1 8 1 8sur map, Cwm OS 1 8 1 9, Cwm OS 1 834, Cwm Carfan 1 839TMS Cwmdu -(SN 680-567)[cwm + du] ; [kum'di· C. Jones] Cwm Ddy 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Cwm Dolu 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cwmdu 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cwm Du 1 805PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cwm Du OS 1 8 1 9, Cwmdy 1 83 9TMS Cwmdu-bach -(SN 682-568)[cwm + du (+ bach)] ; Blaencumdy ? 1 852MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 2 p. 1 6, Cwm-du-ffich O S 1 89 1 , Cwm-du-bach OS 1 904 Cwmduwlas -(SN 699-540)[cwm + hn. Duwlas] ; [kumlas, kum'diWlas Gl. Davies, kum'diWlas C. Jones] Cwm Diwlas 1 797PR Llanddewi Breft, Cwm-dulas OS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-dulas OS 1 834, Cwmdwlas 1 840TMS, Cwmdulais 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS Cwmtrinant -(SN 648-533)[cwm + hn. Trinant]; Cwm Trinant 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 339, Cwm Robert Silver-lead Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 42, Cwm Robert 1 97 1 G.W.Hall p. 69, Cwm Robert OS1974 Geol. map Dalarwen -(SN 789-491 )[y + talar + gwen] ; [dalar J. Jones, Gwl. Jones, dalar'wen D. Jones, 1 989 E.M. Watkins p. 1 5 5] Dalarwen 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Dalar Wen 1 785PR Llanddewi Breft, Dolwen 1 803map J. Singer, Dalarwen 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Dalorwen 008 1 82 1 , Talarwen OS 1 834, Dallar 1 890 ECE MS SD 71 029, o'r Dalar >1928 WFM 1 793175, Dalar-wen 'mine' OS 1 974 Geol. map The reason for bestowing the term talar 'headland' - a usual term when discussing arable matters - may be as an allusion to this constricted mountainside site because of the small amount of available land suited to ploughing, an amount which was fancied to resemble a 'headland', that is the remainder left after the main bout of ploughing. I am of the opinion that gwyn has connotations of unsuitability for cultivation, as opposed to glas, cf gwndwn. The leader of the Welsh Nationalist Party Gwynfor Evans named his horne in Llangadog, Talarwen, after this place, following an acquaintance with the area built up when campaigning against the compulsory acquisition of land there for forestry purposes about 1 960 [inf] ; for the lead-mine, see 1 97 1 G. W. Hall p.76.

502

(32) PENNARDD Ddolgam -(SN c.772-565)[y + dol + camt [(c) hnw,va:z,�o:l'gam Gwl. Jones, (c) pui'klaj (prox. ) D. Jones, klejprt 'we call it' J. Jones] Tyr y Ddoll Gam als. Cae Hen 1 691 CD 79, Dolegam 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ddolgam 1 840TMS A pool was created as a consequence of the extraction of clay during the building of the reservoir of Llynbriannau (32-b). Deri Arms -(SN 652-568)[tn. Deri[-Wnnan] (29-a) + E. arms] ; [deri'armz F.Evans] Derry Arms (P.H.) OS 1 891 Deri Row -(SN 663-552)[tn. Deri[-Wrman] (29-a) + E. row]; Derry Row OS 1 89 1 Dinas -(SN 766-521 )[dinas] ; [di·nas Gl. Davies, Gwl. Jones] Tire Clyn y Dynas, (c) Gweirglodd y Dynas 1 679 Glansevin MSS, (c) Gwerlodd y Dynas 1 680/8 1 Glansevin MSS, Tyr Klyn y Dinas 1 71 8/1 9 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.766, Tredomen o Dynas 1 785 Glasbrook MSS in 1 972a M.Richards p. 3 8 1 , 'old fort called' Dinas 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 48, Dinas 008 1 82 1 , Dinas OS 1 834, Dinasfolfraith 1 840TMS, Dinas Folfrith 1 870 D.T.MJones MS S vol.4 p.781 Doethiau-fach -(SN 756-543)[hn Doeth1au-fach]; [Sije'va:z Gl Davies, D. Jones, Gwl. Jones, ei·e'va:z D. Jones(i), eie'va:z Rh. Hughes] Tythyn Blaen Dothie vechan 1 6 60 Glansevin MSS, Tyr Blaen Dothye bach + Tyr Blaen Dothye vechan 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.MJones MSS vol.4 p. 766, Tir Dothie vach, Dothie vach 1 700% Neuadd-fawr MSS, Doethie fach 1 793PR Llanddewi Brefi, Dolthie fach OOS 1 82 1 , Dorthiefach als. Dorthefach 1 870 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.78 1 , Thie fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Theefach 1 930sur Dolberthog -(SN 794-489)[dol + perthogt [dol'ber8:lg J. Lewis] Delererthog 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Dole Berthog 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ddol Berthog 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-10, Dolberthog 1 840TMS, Dolbyrthog 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Dolbiau -(SN 784-472)[d01 + ?] ; [dol'bie J. Lewis] Delenbie 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Dole y Bie, Dole y Biau 1 780PR Llanddewi Breft, Dolebie 1 81 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Dol-y-bie 081 834, Dolbie 1 840TMS, Dol-bia OS1 89 1 , Dolline 1 930sur Cf Penrhiwbiau (32-a). DOlfelin -(SN 644-568)[dol + y + melin]; [do:l'velm C. Jones] Felin-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Ddol-felin OS 1 904 DOl-las -(SN 729-520)[y + dol + glas]; [d:ll'la:s Gl. Davies] Tir y Ddole 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llys Bedd 008 1 82 1 , Dol-las OS 1 834, Dol-las OS 1 89 1 , Ddol-las 1 930sur Dreinllwyndu -(SN 707-5 1 5)[drain + llwyn + du]; [dr;,niujn'di: GL Davies, J. Davies, drejniujn'di: Gl. Davies, dr;,niun C. Jones, E. Jones, ;,'dr;,niun J. Davies, dreniun D. Jones(i)] Drainllwyn Du 1 79 1 sur map, Draenllwyn 1 803PR Llanddewi Brefi, Drain Duon 008 1 821, Draenllwyn Du 0 8 1 834, Dreinllwyn Du 1 840TMS, o'r Draws Llwyn (sic) (gravestone) 1 862 G.Borrow p.457, Drinllwyndu 1 875map Blaentwrch, Dreinllwyn Du 1 902 Cymru vol.25 p.5, Draenllwyn 1 975 Ancr n. 3 Efail-fach -(SN 664-569)[yr + efail + bach]; [revel'va:z C. Jones] Cae yr Efel fach 1 83 9TMS , 'Efail fach OS 1 834, Efail-fiich OS 1 89 1 Esgaircrwys -(SN 650-526)[esgair + y + crwys]; [esker'krujs Gl. Davies, C. Jones, A Lloyd-Jones, ;,sker'krujs H. T. Davies] (c) Rhos Crwys (prox.) 1 839TMS, Esgair-crWys 08 1 89 1 The crwys no doubt refer to the boundary crosses that delimited the parish and lordship boundary from Llanfair Clywedogau parish and Mebwynion lordship; cf Llancrwys (32-a). Esgairgadfarch -(SN 670-538)[esgair + pn. Cadfarch]; [a.T'esker J. T. Rees] (c) Gwaun Esgir Gadfach 1 79 1sur map, Esgair 08 1 89 1 , (f.pn.) Jane yr Esgair 1 991 Barcud n. 152 The personal-name Cadfarch is also found in Cilgadfarch (Cilgoed-fach on OS maps) (SN 20-36, Llanfihangel Penbedw, Pembs.), Kilgadfarch c. 1 600, Kilgadfarch 1 793 [Ff)nnone MSS: 72], Gilgedfach 1 84 1 [1992 PN Pembs: 382 ] , and Llangadfarch was an occasional alias o f the church o f Penegoes (Monts.) [1 967-70 M. Richards: 1 10]. Esgairgam -(SN 653-525)[esgair + y + cam]; [esker'garn Gl. Davies, C. Jones, H. T. Davies] Esgair Garn 1 839TMS, Esgergarn 1 875 ECE MS SD 5 1 , 1 88 Esgairgoch -(SN 670-524)[esgair + coch] ; [esker'go:z GL Davies, C. Jones, A Lloyd-Jones, H. T. Davies] Esgair-goch OS 1 89 1 , Esger-goch 1 979a E.Jones p.41 503

(32) PENNARDD Esgairmain -(SN 722-522)[esgair + y + main] ; [esker'mejn Gl. Davies, E. Hughes] Tir Eskeir y Mayn 1 674 Glansevin MSS, Esker y Mein 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p.766, Esgermine 1 840TMS, Esgermine als. Eskermine 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS, Esgair-maen OS 1 891 , Esgermein 1 93 0sur, Esgair-mein 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 1 1 , Esgairman 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Esgairparcau -(SN 725-505)[esgair + y + parciau]; Tyr Esgar y Parke 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Eskyr Park 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Paccau 1 79 1 sur map, Esgerparke 'ruins' 1 879map SD 9 1 , Esgerparce 1 93 0sur, Pysgotwr-fach (sic) 1 979a E.Jones p. 129, Esgairparce 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 1 1 An inn [ 1984 D. B. Rees: 1 1 1 ] . Faelallt -(SN (i)672-548)[y + *mael + alit]; [v:ljaH, v:ljlaH, vejlaH Gl. Davies, pla:s'vejlaU, vajl'alt Gwl. Jones, V:ljla4t C. Jones, many of the older people said vejla4t E. James] Vaynallt 1 326 BBSt-David p.202, Vaylallt c. 1 693 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.739, Vainalt 1 699 Bronwydd MSS, Vailallt 1 769 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p.63, Vailallt 1 777PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Foelallt 1 79 1 sur map, Vaelallt 1 797PR, Plas 1 789PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Y Fael Allt 1 8ilicent. RepWMSS vol l pt. 2 p. 941 , Foelallt 1 803map J.Singer, Voelallt 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.274, Foelallt OS 1 81 9, Fevallt (i) 1 823 Lucas MSS p.208, Failallt ? 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 88, Foelallt Park (ii) OS 1 904, Plas y Voelallt 1 924--26 CSRLS 34, Foelallt Farm (ii) OS 1 982 i) SN 672-548. The bishop bought Faelallt from Ieuan ap Llywelyn [ 1 326 BESt-David: 202] ; sold in October 1 856 in The Black Lion, Llanbedr, the stones were pulled to build the farmhouse [ 1 979a E. Jones: 1 1 2] . ii) SN 668-548. 1 891 . This is an inverse construction, the ftrst element of which appears to have been the archaic element mae! (which may be an archaic variant of moel 'bare', see sub Argoed, 1 -a) , which was replaced by popular etymology, from 1791 onwards, by the commoner element moel 'bare'; see Faelallt (27-a), Foelallt (13-a). Faelallt Arms -(SN 663-552)[tn. Faelallt (32-a) + E. arms] ; Voielallt Arms 1 834MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol. 1 p. 1 Ffald-y-cumau -(SN 75 1 -5 5 1 ?)[ffald + tn. Curnau(ii) (32-b)] ; Llyest vawr Ynghwm Dothie vechan ?? 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D . T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p.766, Ffaldycyrnau 1 879map ECE SD 90, Ffald Hen Ddefts Blaendothie inf Rh. Hughes This place was glossed 'fold for homed animals or qualified by the wavy turnings of the adjacent brook' [ 1 879map ECE SD 90] , which is mistaken. Ffatri -(SN 662-553)[ffatri]; [pn. d3erifatri W. P. Ll. Jones] Glan y Don inf W. P. Ll. Jones Ffatri Llanddewi -(SN 659-552)[ffatri + tn Llanddewi [Brefi] (32-a)] ; Voelallt Factory ? 1 890 Derry Ormond MSS, Llanddewi Factory (Cloth) OS 1 89 1 Ffatri Pont Llanio -(SN 652-569)[ffatri + tn. Pont Llanio (32-a)] ; Ffatri Pont Llanio 1 975 Ancr n.2 There was a milk factory here before the Milk Marketing Board bought the place [ c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/1 7], and in 1 937 built a bigger factory, which closed c. 1 970 [ 1 975 Ancr: 2] ; b. 1 93 8 [ 1 991 pamphlet Rhag1en Dathlu Hanner Can Mlwyddiant C1wb Ffermwyr Ieuanc Llanddewi Brefi 1 941-1 991 ] . Ffosffin(i) -(SN 649-521 )(Brynmeinog)[ffos + y + ffin] ; [fo:s'fi:n C. Jones, J. T. Rees, f:ls'fi:n H. T. Davies] Fffis-y-ff'm 1 806PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Ffos-y-ffm OS 1 89 1 , Ffos:ffin 1 963 D.Williams p. 6 The ffin in this name refers to the boundaries of the parishes of Llanddewi Bre:fi and Llanfair Clywedogau. Ffosffin(ii) -(SN 648-578)(Llanio)[ffos + y + ffin] ; [pem'bauk E. James, pen'bagk W. P. Ll. Jones] Ffos y Ffm OOS 1 82 1 , (c) Foesyfm 1 842TMS, Ffos-y-ffm OS 1 834, Penbank 1 841 cens. , Ffos-y-ffin OS1 904, Pen-y-ba (sic) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Theffin in this name refers to the boundaries of farm-holdings. Ffrwd-ar-Gamddwr -(SN 76 1 -575)[-ffrwd + ar + hn Camddwr]; [fru:d Gwl. Jones, k'fru:d S. Jones, fru:d�'gam5ur D. Jones] Tir Griffith ap Merredith, Ynghamddwr, Tir Place y Ffrwd Ynghamddwr, (c) Cay Kors y Ffrwd (prox.) 1 589 Edwinsford MSS vol. 1 p. 1 41 , Ffrwd or Gamddwr 1 803map J. Singer, Ffrwd y Gamddwr OOS1 82 1 , Ffrwd y Gamddwr OS 1 834, Ffrwd-ar-Gamddwr OS 1 904, i'r Ffrwd 1 91 2 Cymru vol.42 p.204, Y Ffrwd 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p.255, (c) Llyn-y-ffrwd (prox.) 1 934 D.Jenkins p.95 Theffnvd refers to the waterfalls at SN 761-577. 504

(32) PENNARDD Ffynnonddewi

-(SN (ii)643 - 545)[:ffynno n + pn. Dewit

Y Ffynnon Ddewi 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Ffynnon Ddewi 1 83 9TMS, Dewi Well

(ii) OS 1 904,

Ffynnon

Dewi 1 979a E. Jones iiii i) SN 644-544.

ii)

SN 643 -545. b. bet. 1 89 1 - 1 904

CAST: 1 .57; 1 944 I. C. Peate: 1 30) . Ficrej -(SN 661 -5 5 0)[ficrej] ; [ vikred3 J.

[OS1891 ; OS1904] ;

cf

Hercwys (32-a).

The well was inside the house

[ 1 909

T. Rees]

Fron-ddewi OS 1 89 1 , Frondewi OS 1 904, Y Ficerdy 1 93 4 D . Jenkins p. 1 52 b. 1 874 [ inf.] .

Foelfraith -(SN 770- 5 1 4) [y + moel + braith] ; [v�lvraje Gl. Davies, Gwl Jones] (c) Gweyn Bwlch Pant y Bedd als. Volvraith 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D . T .M. Jones MSS

vol.4 p . 766, Folfraith 1 88 9Encl.

map Llanddewi Brefi, Foelfraith OS 1 89 1 , Foel 1 95 5 W.J.Lewis p. 68, Folfraith 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Inexistent, part of Dinas land (32-a)

Galdre

-(SN 692-563) [ ? + tref] ;

[ l 840TMS] . [galdre D. Jones(i)]

Galdre OS 1 8 1 9, Galdre OS 1 834

trej, and an obscure element which *dil or the attested cal � cala 'penis', neither of which seem particularly likely candidates. The term may have been cagl (which was originally a disyllabic cagal [1943 J. Lloyd-Jones: 87], note the Middle Welsh derivative tin gagalawc, and cagelyn attested in sixteenth-century Glamorganshire [GPC s.v. cagl, cag(a)log], and MnB . kagal). An original *Cagaldref (cf. Pentre-cagl, 20-a) might easily have been reduced, through the forces of stress and haplology, to the present Galdre. E. R. Jones [ 1 908: 53] noted that in Anglesey: "Y Gal means a plain, open land or level ground, " but I know of The meaning of

Galdre

appears to be an inverse construction with

seems to have been an unattested

no other reference to this place or word, and the meaning 'plain' does not seem particularly suitable for the site

Gamlwyd

of Galdre;

cf.

Crawgal (19-a). [gar'lujd

-(SN 705-541 ) [y + earn + Uwyd] ;

Gl. Davies]

Gam Lwyd 1 783PR Llanddewi Bref1, Gam Loyd 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gam Lloyd 1 790PR Llanddewi Bref1, Gam Lwyd 1 803 map J. Singer, Gam Lwyd OS 1 8 1 9, Gam Lwnd O S 1 834, Garlwyd 1 889 Derry Ormond MS S , Gam-1\Vyd O S 1 89 1

Garth

-(SN 647- 5 5 3 )[garth] ;

[gare

C. Jones]

Garth 1 654PR Caron, Tir Sion Du'r Garth 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Tir y Garth-vrevy 1 688 Bronwydd MS S, Llain Thomas David Griffith Ymhant a Bola'r Garth 1 688 Bronwydd MS S, Tir y Garth 1 675/76 F. Green MSS vol.25 p.457, Garth OS 1 8 1 9, Garth OS 1 83 4

Gilfach

-(SN 663-547)[y + cilfach] ; Gilvachrhedin

[gdvaz C .

Jones, M. Davies]

1 785PR Llanddewi Bref1,

'cott.'

Gilfach yr

Hedin

1 87 1

Derry

Ormond

MSS ,

Gilfachyrhedyn 1 9 1 9map Llanddewi Bref1, Gilfach OS 1 982

Glanrafon(i)

-(SN c. 654-5 1 9)(Greigddu)[glan + yr + afon] ;

Glanrafon 1 834MR L1anddewi Brefi, Glan'r-afon, Glan'r Afon Cottage 1 844TMS Llanfair Clywedogau

Glanrafon(ii) -(SN 685- 570)(Glancarfan)[glan + yr + afon] ; [glan'rav�n A. inf. Glanbrennig -(SN 649-546)[glan + hn. Brennig] ; [bd3 C. Jones]

Rees]

Glanbrennig 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Glanbrenig 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Glanbrennig fach 1 79 1 sur map, Glanbrenin fawr + fach 1 797 Derry Ormond MS S, Glanbrenning, Cae isaf 1 807 Derry Ormond MS S, Glan-brennig O S 1 904, Glan Irennig (sic) 0 S c. 1 950, Glanbrenig Lodge O S 1 982 It was located above the river

Glancarfan

in

1 79 1

[ 179lsur map] .

-(SN 683-571 ) [glan + hn. Carfan] ;

Tythen Morgan ap Res ap Mdithe at Glan Karvan 1 580 Hendrefelen MSS , Glan Carfan OS 1 8 1 9, Glan­ carfan O S 1 834, Glan Carfan 1 839TMS, Blaencarfan 1 84 1 cens. , Llancarfan 1 902 Cymru vol.23 p. 1 4 See Blaencaifan (32-a). Glangors -(SN 630-552) [glan + y +

cors];

Glan y Gors 1 787PR Llanddewi Bref1, Glangorse ? 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS , Glan-gors OS 1 89 1 , Glangors 1 9 1 9map Llanddewi Brefi

Glanrhoca -(SN

63 1 -5 3 5) [glan + hn. Rhoca];

[glan'hr�ka E.

Lloyd,

glan'roka C.

Jones,

gla' hr�ka D.

Davies]

Glanrocka 1 760CF, Glanrhocka 1 78 8PR Llanddewi Brefi, Glanrocca 1 79 1 sur map, Glanyrhocca 1 796 MRichardson MSS p. 476, Aberhacca 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Blaen Rhocca 1 803map J. Singer,

505

(32) PENNARDD Glanrhocca 1 8 1 2PR Llangeitho, Blaen Rhocca OS 1 8 1 9, Glanrhocca, (c67) Cae Rhoca 1 845TMS, Glan­ rhoca 0Sc. 1 950 Glanteifi -(SN 655-568)[glan + hn Teifi]; [glan'tejvi C. Jones, lan'tejvi E. Morgan] Glantivy ? 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Glan-teifi OS1 891 Godre-garth -(SN 643 -556)[godre + yr + garth]; [g;,dre'gare C. Jones] Godre Garth Brevy 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Godre yr Garth 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Godre'r Garth 1772 Crosswood MSS, Godre'r Garth 1788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Godre Garth 1 793PR Llanddewi Brefi, Godeyr Garth 1797 Derry Ormond MSS, Godred'r Garth 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Godre y Garth 1 805PR Llanddewi Brefi, Godre Garth OS 1 8 1 9 Gogouan -(SN 639-541)[go- ? + cau + -an]; [go'g;,jan C. Jones] Kogoean 1 654PR Caron, Gogoian 1 655PR Caron, Tyr John David John yn Pentre Gogoyan 1 676 Bronwydd MSS, Gogoyan als. Tyr Nicholas 1 73 4 Bronwydd MSS, Bola Gogoyan 1 738 Glansevin MSS, Tir Gogoyan, Tai Lan Gogoyan 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Gogoyan 1 776PR Llanddewi Bref� Gogouan 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gogoyan OS 1 834 Gorwydd -(SN 645-535)[gorwydd3 ] ; [g:>rWI() C. Jones] Tir Thomas Vain yn y Gorwydd, Pentre yr Tranant 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Morgan Goch yn y Gorwydd 1 7 1 6 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p.94, Gorwidd 1760CF, Godre'r Gerwidd, Gorwidd, Pentre Froinant als. Tyr Evan David Evan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Gorwyd 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gorwith 1790PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentre Trinant 1 791 sur map, Pentre Trinant 1 803map J. Singer, Gor-Wydd 1 806PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentre Trinant OS 1 8 1 9 As Gorwydd often referred t o the administrative division o f Maenor Gorwydd (e) it i s difficult to know whether Gorwydd originally referred to another spot in the administrative division. Pentre-Trinant may have been this spot's original name, or may have just been an alternative name to Gorwydd. This uncertainty adds to the difficulty of deciding what the meaning of Gorwydd was, though it is most probable that it means 'edge, border', with reference to the mountainland of Llanddewi Brefi parish, see sub Gorwydd (28-a). Graig -(SN 691 -547)[y + craig] ; [grajg C. Jones, D. Jones(i)] Tir y Graig 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Graig 1 780PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tir y Graig 1 79 l sur map, Graig OS 1 83 4 Graigwen -(SN 684- 5 1 3)[y + craig + gwen] ; [grajg 'wen H. T . Davies] inf Greigddu-isa -(SN 655-521)[y + craig + du (+ isaf)]; [gng6i'i·Ja Gl Davies, A Lloyd-Jones, gr�g()i C. Jones, gr�()i'i·Ja J. T. Rees] Grigthie, Craigddu 1 760CF, Graigddu 1 782PR Llanddewi Bref� Grug Du 1794PR Llanddewi Brefi, Graigddu issa 1 801PR Llanddewi Brefi, Graig Ddu 1 803map J. Singer, Crug Ddu OS1 8 1 9, Greegddu 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Graig-ddu-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Y Grugddu c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 969/26 Greigddu-ucha -(SN 661 -522)[y + craig + du (+ uchaf); [gng6i'�xa Gl Davies, A Lloyd-Jones, gr�gtli'rxa J. T. Rees] Graigddu Ucha 1 839TMS, Graig-ddu O S 1 904, Garreg Ddu 1963 D. Williams p.6 Gribinberthog -(SN 774-472)[y + cribin + perthog]; [gribin J. Lewis] Abernant Cribbin Perthog 1 73 1 /32 Llanllawddog MSSS p.47, Gribin Berthog 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gribin 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, (c) Gribbin Perthog 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Y Gribin 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Gribyn 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 3 0 Gurnos -(SN 773-51 8)[y + cumos] ; [g�rn;,s J . Jones, D. Jones, gern;,s D. Jones] Tir y Gyrnos, 'heretofore called' Tyr Lle yr Hen Llyest als. Tyr Nant y Pompren 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Gyrnos 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gurnos 1 792PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gumos 1 8 1 2PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gyrnos OOS 1 821, Gyrnos OS1 834, Gurnos list J. Lewis Gwaith Cwmbrefi -(SN 695-541 )[gwaith + tn. Cwmbrefi] ; Brefi 1 874 A Francis p. 144, Cwm Dulas 1 891 ECE MS SD 63566, Cwm Brefi 1 971 G.W.Hall p. 7 1 , Cwm Brefi OS1 974 Geol. map Gwaith Esgairgadfarch -(SN 666-538)[gwaith + tn Esgairgadfarch (32-a)]; Escair Gad Vach 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 339, Esgairgadfach 1 874 A.Francis p. 143, Ysgarcadfach, Escercadfa Mines 19thcent. Lucas MS 2073 , Old Shaft OS 1 89 1, Esgair Gadfach 1 971 G.W.Hall p. 69, Esgair Gadfach OS1 974 Geol. map 506

(32) PENNARDD Gwarcoed -(SN 656-543) [gwar + y + coed] ; [gwar'ko:d Gl. Davies, J. T. Rees] Gwar-y-coed OS 1 89 1

GwarffYnnon -(SN 666-545) [gwar + y + ffynnon); [gwar'f�n:m C . Jones, M. Davies] Gwarffynon 1 876 Derry Ormond MSS, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 89 1

Gwarheol -(SN 661 -547)[gwar + y + heol]; [gwar'hewl, gwar'ewl M Davies] Gwar-ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Gwarrheol l 924-26 CSRLS 34 The 1 89 1 form may be due to an OS surveyor noting the name from a hazy recollection, or from an attempt by local people to improve heol into ffordd (the northern, and usual dictionary word for 'road').

Gwaroerfa -(SN 659-53 5)[gwar + yr + oerfa] ; [gwar';:,rva J. Thomas] Gwar-yr-orfa OS 1 89 1

Gwarparc -(SN 667-548)[gwar + y + pare]; [gwar'park M . Davies] Pen Park 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen Yparc 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Penypark 1 846 Derry Ormond MSS, Penyparke 1 846 Derry Ormond MSS, Gwar-parc OS 1 89 1 The pare refers, no doubt, to the deer-park that surrounded Faelallt; cf Cae1forest (32-b). Gwaunclawdd -(SN 674-557)[gwaun + y + clawdd] ; [wejn'klaw6 C. Jones] Ty'n y Clawdd ? 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Waun-clawdd OS 1 89 1

Gwauncynydd -(SN 684-506)[gwaun + y + cynydd]; [weju'k�ni6 Gl. Davies, C . Jones, Gl. Williams] Tir Gweyn y Kynydd 1 675/76 CD 64, Waun y Cynydd 1 789PR Llanddewi Breft, Gwaun y Cynydd, Tir Gwyn y Kynydd 1 675/76 F. Green MSS p. 457, Gwaun y Cynidd 1 79 l sur map, Wain-cynydd 1 807PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwaen Cynydd OS 1 81 9, Gwaun Cynydd 1 83 9TMS, Gwaun Cynnydd OS 1 834, Gwanncynydd 1 875 Eccl.Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 8, Waun Cynydd O S 1 891

Gwemcoli -(SN 644-533) [gwern + y + * coli]; [wern'k;:,li C. Jones, warn'k;:,li D. Davies] Tir Alit y Coly 1 669 Bronwydd MSS , Gwern Coley 1 79 1 sur map, Gwarn Cola OS1 8 1 9, Gwern Cola O S 1 8 3 4, Gwerncoly 1 83 9TMS, Werncoli OS 1 89 1 The meaning of coli is unknown, except that its use alongside the article makes it appear t o be a common

Coli (32-a); Ffoscoli (d); hn. Nantcoli (SS 96-97, Rhondda, Glams.); (c) Gwauncoli (SN 84-46, Llanwrtyd, Brees.); Coli (SN 89-44, Cefngorwydd, Brees. ; ST 09-02, Gelli-gaer, Glams.); Pant-y-coli (SO 06-40, Crickadam, Brees.); Perth-y-coli (SO 16-49, Painscastle, Rads.); (c) Cwm Koly als. Y Borva Vanhadlog (Berriew, Monts.) ( 1695 G1ansevern MSS: 5]. For Rhydgoli (SJ 23-65, Mo1d, Flints.), Ryde Goli 1 493, Rhyd Colley 1 65 8, Rhydygoly 1 83 7 ( 1959 E. Davies: 148; 1 963 M. Richards: 23 1 ], E. Davies ( 1 959: 40] , followed by M. Richards [ 1 963: 23 1 ] , believed this contained that Colley might be a personal-name, though this is otherwise unknown to me. Those places containing *coli preceded by a definite article cannot contain a personal-name but may contain a surname or a common-noun. An identical word is found as an epithet in medieval Cardiganshire: Ieuan Coly [ 1 352-53 in 1 940 BBCS: 10.1 46], John Duy ap David Coly [ 1413 CalPR: 89] , as well as in Rhuddlan (Flints.) a William Coly [ 1 347--49 in 1 959 E. Davies: 40) . Though there is a Nantcawl (32-a) just over 1 km from Coli als. Nantcoli (32-a), it seems unlikely that the col- element is a derivative of caw[ 'cabbage', judging by the derivative Gawlog (L1ancarfan, Glams.) [ 1 967 Gw. o. Pierce: 80 ] , however, cf Conell (d). Another derivation may be suggested if it could be shown that coli was a reduced form of colyn 'prickle (of insect), awn' cf Pant­ y-colyn (SO 37-16, Llantilio Crosseny, Mons.). Gwerndryw -(SN 656-547)[gwern + y + dryw] ; [wern'drrw C. Jones, J. T. Rees] noun; cf

Wern y Drew 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Wern y Dryw 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Werndriw 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwern Lewis 1 79 1 sur map, Werndryw 1 792PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwern Briw OS 1 81 9, Werndrew OS 1 834, Gwern Driw 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 93

Gwngoed-fach -(SN 673-562)[gwyn + coed (+ bach)]; [guug;:,d'va:x Gl. Davies] Gwngoed fach 1 779PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwyngoed fach 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwngod fach OS 1 8 1 9, Gwyngoedfach als. Gwyngoed issa 1 82 1 Derry Ormond MS S, Gwyngoed-fach OS 1 834, Gwyngoed-iach OS 1 89 1

Gwngoed-fawr -(SN 677-566)(gwyn + coed (+ bach)]; [guug;:,d'vowr Gl. Davies] Tyddin y Tuy Hen als. Tir Gwenllian Ll'in ap Rees 1 61 7 Hendrefelen MSS , Tir y Gwngoed 1 620 Hendrefelen MSS , Tythyn y Gwyngoed als. Tir Gwenllian David ap Rees Goch 1 680 Crosswood MSS , Cwm Coyed als. Y Gwyn Coyed 1 683 Hendrefelen MSS, Tyddyn y Gwngoed 1 683 Hendrefelen MSS , Tythin y Pwyngodd als. Tyr Gwenllian David ap Rees Goch 1 694 Crosswood MS S , Tir y Gwngoed als. Gwyngoyed 1 706 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir y Gwngoyed als. Gwngoyed 1 7 1 2 Hendrefelen MS S, Tythyn y Pwingod als. Tyr Gwenllian David ap Rees Goch 1 7 1 4 Crosswood MSS, Gungoed 1 72 1/22 Hendrefelen

507

(32) PENNARDD MSS, Gwngoed 1 760CF, Gwncod >1 773 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 54, Gwyngoed 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwyngoed fawr 1 787PR Llanddewi Bref1, Gwyngood 1 808PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwyngoed-mawr 1 809PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwngod fawr O S 1 8 1 9, Gwyngoed-fawr O S 1 834,

Y Gwngoed 1 909 CAST

vol. 1 p . 5 6 The burden o f gwyngoed may be 'diffus e wood' as opposed t o dugoed for 'dense wood' ( cf Dugoed, 48a), such a meaning should suit this location as it lies at 250m altitude just below the clawdd-mynydd. Hafodlas(i) -(SN 735-505)(Cwmcarfan)[hafod + glas] ; [v;)dlas Gl. Davies] Tyr yr Hawod Las 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Havod Lass 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Hafod Las 1 79 1 sur map, Havod Las OS 1 834, Rhavodlas 1 857MR Llanddewi Brefi vol 2 p. 3 6, Havod Las OS 1 89 1

Hafodlas(ii) -(SN 672-574)(Pysgotwr)[hafod + glas] ; [v;)dlas Gl. Davies, ha'v;)dlas J . Lewis, E . Hughes, I . Roberts, hav;)d'la:s C . Jones] Hafod Las O S 1 8 1 9, Hafod-las OS 1 83 4, Hafodlas 1 83 9TMS, Havodlas 'ruins' 1 879map ECE SD 9 1 , Hafodunos (sic) 1 95 5 W. J.Lewis p. 68, Hafodlas list J . Lewis

Halfway -(SN c.640-532)[E. half + way] ; [(c) ka·r,ha·f'wej, pn. d3;7n,ha·f'wej A. Jones] (c) Lletty Shon ? 1 79 1 sur map, Halfway House OS 1 89 1 The same informant pronounced Halfway (Caeo, Carms.) as ha:f'wej as did another informant from Cellan [inf. A Jones; inf. Gl. Williams] . Hendre-boeth -(SN 767-5 1 2) [hendref + poeth}; [hendre'bo:e J. Lewis] Hendre-boeth 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Hendreboeth list J. Lewis

Hendre-dail -(SN 794-5 06)[hendref + yr + dail] ; Hendredail 1 879map ECE SD 89 Was only a sheepwalk in 1 880 [ Cymerau MS

17 4c].

Hendre-hir -(SN 684- 508)[hendref + hir]; Hendre Hir 1 83 9TMS, Hendrehir 1 875map Blaentwrch, Hendre-hlr O S 1 891

Henfaes -(SN784-492)[hen + maes] ; [h�nvas D. Thomas, J. Jones, hr�nvas D. Jones, henvas D. Jones, D. Thomas] Henvass 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Henfaes

1 7 83PR Llanddewi Brefi, Rhenfiis

1 789PR

Llanddewi Breft, Henvas 1 790PR Llanddewi Brefi, Henfaes 1 792PR Llanddewi Breft, Henvaes 1 80 1 M Richardson M S S p.480, Henfaes 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08- 1 0, Henfaes OOS 1 82 1 , Hen-faes OS 1 834

Heol Gorwydd -(SN 662-552)[heol + tn. Gorwydd (32-a)]; Heol-y-gorwydd 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 87 A housing estate, b. 1 945>

[ 1984 D. B. Rees: 1 87]; named after the road that leaves south from Llanddewi SD 70173]. Hercwys -(SN 644-544)[hanner + cwys] ; [herkos C. Jones] Tir Keven yn Herkus 1 55 6 Edwinsford MSS vol. 1 p. 5 1 , Y Llaine Arynhercwys 1 663/64 Edwinsford MSS vol. 1 p. 3 82, (c) Y Llain ar war y Penvarch Annherkwys, Keven Annherkwys, Y Gwair wrth Drwyn village, called Lampeter Road [191 4 ECE MS

Annherkwys yn ystlys y Ffynnon Ddew� Lleine Merched Ddavidd ap David ar Annherkwys als. ar Geven Annherkwys 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Smithy + Ffynnon-ddewi OS 1 89 1 , Smithy + Ffynnon Ddewi O S 1 904, Nercws 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 5 7, Hercws 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 87 "I'r de-orllewin, tua chwarter rnilltir yn nes i lawr, mae darn o dir yn cynwys llawer o gaeau bychain a mawrion, a'r rhai hyn drachefn yn ran raniadau; gelwir y lle hwn yn Nercws. Nid oes un man arall o'r fath hyn yn undeb Caron, ceir un tebyg iddo yn Llanon a elwir Morfa'r Esgob. "

[1909 CAST: 1 .57] . Hen briddyn Hercwys, gwerth hanner y tir o'i gwmpas [inf. W. P. Ll. Jones}; cf Pont Hercws (SN 24-41 , Manordeifi) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 390] . Nercwys (Flints.) seems a cognate (cf tn. Hereg (33-a) 'nereg), but if so the first syllable is missing as early as 1 291 , and forms up to 1 53 3 suggest Nerthcwys, with medial [ 1 959 E. Davies: 1 18]. M Richards [1967-70: 164] says this: "Bu Nercwys Sir Fflint yn enw anodd ei esbonio erioed. Nid oes amheuaeth am yr hen ffurf, sef Nerthgwys, ac mae'n ddiddorol fod Nerthgwys arall gynt ym mhlwyf Llanddyfnan, Mon. I Rhaid dadansoddi'r enw yn nerth a cwys, ond nid yw'n glir i mi beth yw arwyddocad y ddwy elfen mewn perthynas a['r] lie. I Gall mai enw personol yw hwn, ac efallai gellid dadlau bod cwys yma yn amrywiad ar y gair coes. Sut bynnag, mae ffurfiau fel Nerquis yn dechrau gwael yn union o gwmpas

�

ymddangos erbyn yr unfed gamif ar bymtheg, a hefyd ffurfiau sy'n dangos ol tarddu poblogaidd megis Hannercwys. " I. Williams [1939: 135] discussed a place written Rytnerthvoessen [>1200 cart. Aberconwy: 1 39] which stood in the vicinity of Bwlchderwin (Caerns.), he speculated: " The name may be a plural of Nerthcwys, which survives as Nerkwys

in Flintshire. If nerthcwyseu be possible, still more so is nerth 508

(32) PENNARDD coeseu. There is a Welsh expression 'rhedeg nerth ei goesau,' meaning 'to run as hard as his legs can carry

him' I wonder if this ford tested the strength of men's legs ! " The form *cwys as a plural of coes is not otherwise attested (only coesau), though it would be similar to crwys the plural of croes (later croesau); cf Ffynnonddewi (32-a).

Hereg -(SN 682-574)[hanereg]; [hereg I. Jones] (c) Caer yr Hangeregwen ? 1 684 Bronwydd

MS S, Nhereg 1 793PR Llanddewi Breft, Nhereg 1 795PR

Llanddewi Brefi, Yr Here 1 839TMS, Hereg O S 1 89 1 For the reduction, see Hercwys; Hyfrydle -(SN 660-5 5 6) [hyfryd + lle];

cf.

Penhereg (33-a).

Hyfrydle OS 1 982 A housing estate. This was originally named Llainhedd, but this was deemed rather inappropriate as it lies opposite a cemetery

Llain

-(SN 65 1 -5 82)[llain] ;

[ inf.]. [iajn E.

James, F. James]

Llain OS 1 89 1

Llancrwys

-(SN 646-524)[tn. Llan-y-crwys

(Canns .)]; [lan'krujs

C . Jones, H . T . Davies,

iau'krujs A

Lloyd­

Jones] Glan-cr-Wys OS 1 904

[OS 1 891 ; OS1904). This place was probably named after Llan-y-crwys (Carms.), which is in Esgaircrwys (32-a) alreadly existed also must have contributed to this name. The crwys in Llan-y-crwys, which was a monastic grange, probably refer to the boundary crosses on the mountain that delimited its territory in medieval times; cf Carregtaircroes als. Carregtriphlwyf (30-a). LLANDDEWI BREFI -(SN 663 -5 52) [1lan + pn. Dewi + hn. Brefi] ; [ian'�ewi Gl. Davies, la'�ewi J. T. Rees] b.bet. 1 89 1 -1 904

a nearby area, the fact that

Bremia >400(£1. 700) Ravenna Cosmography in 1 979 PNRB p . 277, Ciuitate Breeui c. 1 1 00(1 200) Uita Cadoci p. 54, Dewi Breui 'ae breint', ar Ureui Uryn fl. l l 70(c. 1 400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg. p .200, Breu� y Ureui fl. 1 1 70(c. 1 400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg. p . 20 1 , Brev� Landewi Brevi 'id est' Ecclesiam David de Brevi c. 1 1 9 1 Gir.IK p . 1 1 9, Landewybrevy, Landewibrevi 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 275, Landenwybrevi 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p . 272, Landewybreuy 1 3 26 BBSt-David p. 1 96, Llande6yureui 1 346 Ll. Agkyr p.2, Llannde6ivreui 1 346 Ll. Agkyr p. l l 5, Llanndewi Vreui 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen.20) p . 46, Llandewyhevy 1 3 95 CalPR p. 578, Llann Dewi Ureui 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p. 60, Llan Dewi Vrevi c. 1 475 BS p . 1 08, Llandewy Bri 1 53 5 VE p. 3 93 , Llandewy Breu� Llandewibreui 1 5 3 9 J. Leland p. 1 1 7, Landewi Brebui 1 53 9 J. Leland p. l l 8, Llandewbreui p.23, Llandewi Brevi 1 53 9 J.Leland in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.254, Landeweybrevey 1 548 Cardiff Records vo1.2 p. 306, Llanthewy Brevy 1 55 6 Bronwydd MSS , Llanddew y Brevie 1 5 63 Bronwydd MS S, Llanddew Brevi 1 564 Pengelli MS S, Ll. oewi Frefi c. 1 566EPC, Llandewy Brevye 1 5 7 1 in 1 9 1 3 L. E.Ll Theakston

&

J.Davies p. 9, Llanddewy Brevy 1 5 76

Pengelli MS S, Llanthewybreuye 1 578map C.Saxton, Llandeuy Brevy 1 5 84 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llandewy Brevy 1 5 84 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Llandewey Vrevye 1 589 Edwinsford MSS vol. 1 p . 1 4 1 , Brevie 1 5 9 1 Pengelli MS S, Lhandhewi Brevi 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Llanddewi c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p.25, Llamddewi Frefi c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p . 27, Llamddavi Brefi c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.246, Llan Ddewy Brevy 1 603 G. Owen vol. 1 p. 1 02, Ll. Ddewi Frefi 1 606 RepWMS S vol. 1 pt. 2 p. 9 1 6, Llanddewy Brevi 1 6 1 4 CD, Llanddewi Brevi 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Llanthewy Brevy als. Llanvio Brevie 1 6 1 4 Cwrt­ mawr MS S, Llanthewie Brevie 1 6 1 5 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llandewbreve 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p. l l 0, Llandhewy Brevi 1 630 F . Green MSS vol 25 p. 1 6, Llanthewi Brevi 1 63 1 Neuadd-fawr MS S , Lanthewie Brevie 1 644/45 Hendrefelen MSS, Llandevye Brevye 1 650 in 1 879 Cymerau MS 1 74b, Llanthewibrevi 1 650 Crosswood MS S, Llandewie 1 65 6 Hendrefelen MS S , Llandhewibrevi 1 684PDB p. 1 1 4, Llanthewy Brefy 1 687/88 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llannthewy-brevy 1 688 Bronwydd MS S, Llanddewy Brevym 1 696/97 Hendrefelen MSS, Llanthybrevy als. Llanthewybrevy 1 696/97 Price of Norton MS S, Llanthewy Brerry 1 708 CD 84, Lhan Dhewi Brevi, Lhan Dhewi Brefi 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.769, Llandevy Brevy 1 75 1 /52 Peterwell MS S , Llanddewy 1 760CF, Llanddewi Brefi 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llanddewi Brevy 1 776PR Llanddewi Breft, Llandewy Brevy 1 778 Crosswood MSS, Lanthybrevy 1 793 Derry Ormond MS S, 1 799EPC, Landdewi Brefi 1 803map J. Singer, Llanddwy Brefy 1 8 1 8sur map, Llanddewi Brefi O S 1 8 1 9, Llanddewi 1 862 G. Borrow p. 457, St. David's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Dewi Brefi 1 904 J. Evans p. 95

Church David Bellowing from a very large [ 1684PDB: 1 1 4] is influenced by the legend of the

The literal explanation "the etimology whereof in English is ox, one of them which drew the stones, for the building. "

509

(32) PENNARDD horned oxen (see Cwys-yr-ychenbannog, 33-b) and - though admittedly related - fails to separate the verb brefi ' mooing, bellowing' from the river-name Brefi. The name Brefi in Llanddewi Brefi referred to the previous name of the settlement (named after the river) which was the successor settlement to the Roman fort of Bremia at Cae-castell (32-b) as can be seen from the form Ciuitate Breeui of c. 1 100 (the location nearer Llanio may lie behind a nineteenth-century tradition that the original church was to have been built on a field of Godre-garth (32-a), one mile from the village - there were yew trees are still to be seen at this location [191 1 J. c. Davies: 3 1 5]). An inscribed stone dated to c. 650 AD found in the churchyard was inscribed Sancti David, and is the earliest attestation to the national saint [ 1994 w. Gw. Thomas: 409, 412] ; " Ar y fynedfa i'r eglwys, safai unwaith hen faen hynod, a elwid 'Ffon Dewi', ar yr hon y pwysai Dewi Sant pan yn pregethu. " [ 1 901 Cymru: 20.232] (cf sub Llangmwen, 67-a). G[wyl] Dewi, escob on the first of March [150mtz Dem.Calend.]; Ffair Lan Ddewi [ 1906 Gened1 Gymreig 1 5/04/06] ; the meadow N of the river Brefi, immediately opposite the church was called (cs17, 1 9) Dol Sant isaf + uchaf [1791sur map], (c) Cae Ddol Saint [ 1924-26 CSRLS 34) . "The presence of six of these [early Christian] monuments at Llanddewibrefi reinforces the historical indications that this was a site of some importance, possibly a 'mother church' for the area, that was subsequently eclipsed by Llanbadarn Fawr. " [1 994 w. Gw. Thomas: 408] ; clas church converted into a collegiate in 1 287 [ 1937 CAST: 12.6 1 ) ; collegiate [1602 G. Owen: 4.460]; Church repaired in 1 849 [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 .525) ; bridge b. 1 886 ( SN 662-555) [1978 CER: 8.339). Comprising: 1) Bethesta, 2) Bethlem, 3) Blac-leion, 4) Bridgend, 5) Deri Row, 6) Fae1allt Arms, 7) Ffutri, 8) Ffatri Llanddewi, 9) Ficrej, 1 0) Heo1 Gorwydd, 1 1) Hyfiydle, 12) Llwyncelyn, 1 3) Llwyndewi, 14) Melin Llanddewi, 1 5) New Inn, 16) Penstaer, 17) Tafarn-newydd, 1 8) TY-gwyn, 1 9) Ysgol Llanddewi. Llandre -(SN 642-565)[tn. Llandre (74-a)]; [iandre E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Llandre OS 1 982 This name was suggested by Llandre (74-a), and chosen because it could be added alliteratively to the postal address which was Llanio, Llanddewi Brefi [inf. E. Lloyd]. Llanio-fawr -(SN 643-571)[? (+ mawr)] ; [ianj:l E. Lloyd, ianj:l1VOwr C. Jones] Llanio 1 655PR Caron, Tir Thomas Morgan ap Rees Goch yn Llanio 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Tir Evan Jenkin Griffith yn Llanio ycha 1 704 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 1 07, Lhannio 1 722 E.Lhuyd col. 746, Tyr Bryn Llywelyn als. Tyr Thomas ap Rys Morgan, 'now called' Llanio ycha 1 741 DDE MSS, Llanieo 1760map E.Bowen, Llanio 1 803map J. Singer, Llana ? 1 807 Derry Ormond MSS, Llanio uchav 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 272, Llanio uchaf OS 1 8 1 9, Llanio fawr 1 8421MS There can be two approaches to this difficult place-name, the first is that it is a llan- name with a personal-name. Whilst no church or chapel is known in the vicinity, the fact that a Roman fort is on its land, and that furthermore it was a maenor in the parish of Llanddewi and the lordship of Pennardd makes it probable that there was some kind of Christian settlement in the vicinity, possibly a precursor to Llanddewi. R J. Thomas [1938: 222] mentioned a hn Io (Glams.) which he derived from the Biblical Latin name lobus (corresponding to E. Job), proof of this form of the name he adduced with MW. golud Io; this would give a perfect phonetic fit to the present name, if it is composed with llan. Another possibility would be an unattested pn. *law, a variant of attested !au (� L. louis, cf. W. Paul � Pawl, � L. Paulus) which would suit a name with llan. Since the BC.pn. Ie is dysyllabic - B.tn. Plouie plu�i� (F. Plouye, Finistere), Ploie 1289, Ploye 1 3 1 1 , Ploehie 1 337 [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 174]; C.tn. Porthya 1 284, Porthia 1 291 , Porthye 1 31 3 [ 1985 P. A S. Poole: 65], MnC. Poreea [1993 K . George: 259] (E. St Ives, Corn.) - it cannot be compared to W. !au, or any reflex of L. louis� cf. Brynio (SN 63-25, Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.); for the misidentification of Llanio with the Classical Louentium, see sub Cae-castell (32-b). The second approach to the place-name is that Llanio is simply a variant of the attested pn. Llonio; "Llonio Llawhir could be identified with Llanio. " [1. T. Lewis in 1950 WGaz. 12/01150]; the difference in the vocalism of Llanio can be explained (see sub Ffostrasol, 1 3-a), even without the attraction of the word llan. Llanio-isa -(SN 643-563) [ ? (+ isaf)] ; [lanlji·Ja E. Lloyd, ianj:l1i·Ja E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Tythen David Medd ap Ieuan Duy in Llanio yssa 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lhannio isav 1 722 E.Lhuyd col. 769, Lanio issa 1 73 4 Bronwydd MS S, Llanio issa 1758 Bronwydd MSS, Llanio issaf 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llanio isaf OS 1 8 1 9, Llanio isaf OS 1 834, Llanio issa 1 8421MS Lletemsais -(SN 640-5 80)[llety + pn. Ifan Sais]; [ietemlsajs E. Lloyd, ietmlsajs W. Edwards] Lletty Ivan Sais 1 61 5 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lletty Evan Sais 1 760CF, Lletty'n Sais 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llettym Sais 1 784PR Llanddewi Breft, Llettem Sais 1 806PR Llanddewi Breft, Lletty Saes OS 1 8 1 9, Lletty'r Sais OS1 834, Lletyrsais 1 84l cens., Llettem-sais OS 1904

5 10

(32) PENNARDD This name, originally Llety !fan Sais, was reduced to Llety 'n Sais (cf Llety !fan Hen, 73-a), which reduced form was reanalysed as containing lletem 'wedge' by 1 806. Lletemsais-fach -(SN 647-574)[1lety + pn. Ifan Sais (+ bach)]; Llettym Sais fach 1 803PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llettemsais fach 1 834PR Llangeitho, Lletty'r-sais-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Llettem-sais-tach OS 1 904 Llethr -(SN 724-537)[llethrt [I-eSer C. Jones] Llether Llwyn Rhydd 1 642 Edwinsford MSS voL 1 p.3 1 3, Llether Llwyn Rhydd 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Tyr y Llether 1 687/88 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llethair 1 784PR Llanddewi Breft, Llether 1 801PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llethr Llwyn Rhydd O S 1 8 1 9, Llethr OOS 1 82 1 , Llethr-llwyn-rhudd OS 1 834, Llether Llwynrhydd 1 840TMS, Llethr-llwyn-rhudd OS 1 891 Llety-gleison -(SN c. 790-503)[llety + yr + ? ] ; [ieti glejs :ln J. Jones] Lletty'r Gloeson 1 794PR Llanddewi Breft, Llettyr Gloeson 1799PR Llanddewi Breft, (c) Cefn Lletty Gleison, (c) Cae Lletty Gleison (SN 795-495) 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-10, (c) Nant Lletty-gleision OS 1 834 Since the plural form gleision 'blue, green' (sg. glas) does not agree with the singular llety, this place and Llety-gleison (71-a) seem to contain gleision as a substantiated noun meaning, which is a synonym for maidd glas found in northern Wales [GPC s.v. maidd], this is the 'whey cleared of curd', which was a by­ product of cheese-making, and which seems to have been a favoured mixture for infirm people; cf. the unlocated Tir Knwck y Whyg (prox. Pantronnen, 7-a) [1617rent], which appears to contain chwig 'a drink, flavoured with herbs, made from fermented whey' (GPC s.v. chwig] ; cf. Parc-y-gleison (sub Lower Spring Gardens, 79-a). However, the two earliest forms may indicate that the original term was gloesion 'agonies' - the interchange of medial [ :lj ] and [ -ej-] makes it impossible to be certain whether gleision or gloesion was the original one. Llety-poeth -(SN 659-556)[llety + poeth]; [Cc) (ka:)'leti'po:e C. Jones] Lletty Poeth 1 760CF, Llettypoth 1 842TMS Lluest-fach -(SN 773-5 1 8)[lluest + bacht [lijest'va:x GL Davies] Llyestfach 1 73 8 Llanllawddog MSS p. 52, Lluast-fach 1 840TMS In ruins [ 1840TMS] . Lluest-fawr -(SN 773- 5 1 5)[lluest + mawrL [Hjest'vowr GL Davies, iest'vowr J. Jones] Lluast-fawr 1 840TMS In ruins [ 1840TMS ] . Lluest Glanrhoca -(SN 667-523)[lluest + tn. Glamhoca (32-a)]; [Ujast J . Thomas, Hast A . Lloyd-Jones, J. T . Rees, H . T . Davies] Bringlas als. Lliast Glanrhoca 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Llyast 1 812 Derry Ormond MSS, Llyast, 'formerly known as' Bryn Erfedd 1 832 Derry Ormond MSS, Llyast Glanrhoca 1 839TMS, Lluest Glan Rhocca OS1 891 Llwyn -(SN 654-55 l )[llwyn]; [iujn C. Jones, ma.T'iujn J. T. Rees] Llwyn Richard ?? 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llwyn 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llw)rn 1 803map J. Singer, Llwyn OS1 8 1 9, LlWyn OS 1 834 Llwyncelyn -(SN 660-55 1)[llwyn + celyn] ; [iujn kelm A Thomas] Llwyncelyn 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llwyn y Celyn 1 803PR Llanddewi Breft, Llwyncelin 1 839TMS Llwyndewi -(SN 659-55 1 )[llwyn + pn. Dewit Llwyndewi OS 1 982 A housing estate. Llwynhyfryd -(SN 665-550)[1lwyn + hyfryd] ; [iujn'h�vnd C. Jones] Llwyn-hyfryd O S 1 904 b. l 897, "Rhys Jones enwodd efar ol y berth hyfryd a dyfai ger ei gartref newydd. " ( 1 984 D. B. Rees: 1 88]. Llys-y-cantor -(SN 665- 548)[llys + y + cantor] ; 'mansion house called' Llysicantor 'and parcel of tithe-corn called Rhandyr Kyllchydreu (St Davids, Pembs.) belonging to' Collegial of Llanddewi 1 553-55 in 1 937 E.A.Lewis p.4 1 , Lluest Cantorion 1 808 S.RMeyricke p. 250, Llyast y Coed ? 1 79 l sur map, Llys y Cantorion 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones "The supposed site of the college was until very recently called 'Lluest Cantorion,' or the lodging place of the chanters. " [ 1910 CAST: 1 . 18 ] . This lay 1 00yds s of the church [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 250]; old wall near Nouadd (32-a), a zig-zag course of a pavement discovered in 1 834 between Llys-y-cantor and the church [1902 Cymru: 23 . 14] ; "olion amlwg Colee Bee" were to be found at the fields named Tan-y-castell, Nouadd '

-

-

'

511

(32) PENNARDD (32-a), Y Berllan, Pebyll (32-a), Cae-wenlli (32-b) [1909 CAST : 1 .57] . I have inspected a square outline foundation (40m x 40m) in the field immediately below Pwllpwdel (32-a), which is the most likely site of Llys-y-cantor. This place was the administrative centre of the lordship of Llanddewi, and cantor here refers to the precentor (or head of the Chapter) of the cathedral of St Davids [GPC s.v. cantor] . The college was established by bishop Thomas B eck in 1 287, shortly after the fmal conquest of Ceredigion by the English state, and existed as an institution until its dissolution in 1 549 reduction of lluest in post-stress position to

!lest-,

thence to

lies-

[1984 D. B. Rees: 45-48].

The common

could explain the appearance of lluest

as a hypercorrection, whilst the plural form suggests popular etymology, having understood the more

Jenkin James Cantor [1620 Hendrefe1en MSS]; and Tomas Kantor of Llanddewi Brefi, connected to the Lloyd family of Llanfair Clywedogau [c.1600 L. Dwnn: 1.64]; see Nouadd (32-a). Maen -(SN (ii)699- 553)[maen] ; [ma:n Gl Davies, i.T 'ma:n D. Jones(i), ma:n�'rabr J. Davies] usual meaning of

cantor

'singer, musician'; cf pn.

especially the mid sixteenth-century Syr

Maenyrallor 1 803PR Llanddewi Brefi, Maenallor 1 84 1 cens. , Maen-yr-allor 08 1 89 1 , Maen OS 1 904, Maesyrallor 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 52, Maenallor 1 987 W.P.Ll Jones i) SN 699-5 50. 1 839; abandoned by 1 87 1 [1 984 D. B. Rees: 1 52]. ii) SN 699- 5 5 3 . cf. Pant-yr-allor (61-b). Maenllwyd -(SN 674-540)[maen + llwyd] ; [maniojd Gl. Davies] Tythyn y Maenlloyd ? 1 63 0 F . Green MS S vol.25 p . 1 6, Tir y Maen Llwyd 1 684 Bronwydd MS S, Tyr y Maen Llwyd 1 734 Bronwydd MSS

Maesbetws -(SN 754-53 1 )[maes + y + betws] ; [mas'betos Gl.

Davies,

ma·s'betos D.

Jones(i)]

Maes-y-bettws 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MS S, Maes y Bettws 1 78 0PR Llanddewi Brefi, Maes Bettws 1 803map J. Singer, Maes Bettws OOS 1 82 1 , Maes-y-bettws O S 1 834, Capel Betws Gelynin 1 86 1 D.Davies i n Brython p. 422, Betws Celynin 1 9 1 2 D . Davies i n Cymru vol42 p. 204, Ma e s y Betws 0Sc. 1 950, yng Nghapel Eglwys Betwsgelynin 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 05

Betwscelynnin was one of seven chapels that belonged to the church of Llanddew� and it Celynnin the son of Cynyr Farfdrwch [D. Davies (Glanbrennig) in 1 861 Brython: 422], who was also one of the five saints of Pumsaint [1979a E. Jones p.90] , cf. Kelnyn [ 1500% Dem.Calend. ] . It is possible that the name Betwscelynnin has no traditional value, but was suggested sometime prior to 1 86 1 by the ascent immediately to the E of Maesbetws called Rhiwgelynnen (32-b) . The mistaking of celynnen 'holly tree' with the pn. Celynnin is quite understandable, and also appears to have been made with the unlocated place-name and division called Maesllangelynen c. 1 600 in Caeo (Carms.) which certainly refers to the saint Celynnin [1 994 Gl. R. J. Jones: 89]; this place may be near or identical with Cwm-gelynnen (OS map form) (SN 65-42, Caeo), which is also noted Cwm-celynnen [OS1834], Cwmcelynnin [1934 D. Jenkins: 1 30] . The chapel fell i n ruin about 1 7 1 6 [D. Davies (Glanbrennig) in 1 861 Brython: 422]; note Penrhiwclochdy (32-b) in the neighbourhood. " Site for Church", below Rhiwgelynnen (32-b) [1889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi] . Maesglas -(SN 773-554)[maes + glas] ; [mas'kla:s J. Jones, mas'gla:s L. Jones, Gwl. Jones, D. Jones(i), E. & E. This said that

was consecrated to

Edwards] Tythyn y Maesglas 1 668/69 Glansevin MSS, Tythin y Maes Glas 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T. M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 766, Maesglas, Maesglass 1 779PR Llanddewi Brefi, Masglas 1 806PR Llanddewi Brefi, Maesglas OOS 1 82 1 , Maes-glas O S 1 834, Maesglas-y-mynydd

inf Faes-yr-alanas oherwydd frwydr waedlyd [ 1979a E. Jones: 1 9] . The addition of the specifier y-mynydd is in opposition to Maesglas (33-a); cf Alltgoch (76-a). Magwyr Llethrhafodydd -(SN 730- 560) [magwyr + tn. Llethrhafodydd (32-b)] ; A

elwid unwaith yn

relatively recent

Vagwr Lletherfodir, Vagwr Lletherfodyr 1 82 8 Castlehill MS 1 ,063, Magwr Llether Hafodydd 1 840TMS , Lletherafodydd als. Lletherllwynrhydd (sic) 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS

Melin Gogouan

-(SN 641 -540) [melin + tn. Gogouan (32-a)] ;

[vehu'g=>jan C.

Jones]

Melin Gogoyan 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Gogoyan Mil1 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Dan Gogoian Mil1 1 79 1 sur map, Gogoyan Mill 1 803map J. Singer, Velin Gogoyan 1 808PR Llandewi Breft, Gogoyan Mill 1 8 1 0PR Llanddewi Breft,

(c)

Llainwaryfelin 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Felin Gogoyan (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin

Goyan OS 1 904

Melin Llanddewi -(SN 660-5 52)[melin+ tn. Llanddewi [Brefi] (32-a)]; [�'velm C.

Jones]

Llandewy Brevy Mill 1 685rent, Llanthewy Mill 1 770 St-David MSS vol. 3 p. 269, Llanthewy Water Mill 1 776 D erry Ormond MSS, Tucking Mill 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi

5 12

(32) PENNARDD Melin Llanio -(SN 646-564)[melin + tn. Llanio (32-a)] ; [velm, velm'lanj:l C. Jones] Melyngwalter yn Llanio yssa 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Melin Walter in Llanio issa 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Llanio .l\1ill 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Llanio .l\1ill l 803map J.Singer, Felin Llanio (Corn) OS 1 891 Mowntan-gat -(SN 65 1 -542)[E. mountain + gate]; [mownten'ga:t J. T. Rees, mowntan'ga:t, pn. iU�m'mownt E. James] Mountain Gate Farm OS 1 89 1 , Mountaingate OS 1 904 Nantbenglog -(SN 759-530)[hn. Nantbenglog(ii)] ; [nant�'beugl:lg Gl. Davies, nant'beiJgbg Gwl. Jones] Nantybenglog 1 807PR Llanddewi Brefi, Nant Ieuan (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Nantbenglog 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones, Nant Benglog list J. Lewis Nantcawl -(SN c.756-528)[hn. Nantcawl]; [nant'kawl Gl. Davies] Nantcawl 1 840TMS, Nantcawl 1 930sur, Nant y Cae (sic) 1 955 W.J. Lewis p.68 Nantdderwen -(SN 664-566)[hn. Nantdderwen(ii)]; [nant'arwen E. Lloyd, C. Jones, nant'5arwen C. Jones] Nant y Dderwen 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Nant y Dderwen 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Nant y Dderwen 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Nantyderwen 1 793PR Llanddewi Bref1, Nant Derwen OS 1 81 9, Nantdderwen 1 839TMS, Nant Derven 1 862 G.Borrow p.454 Nantgraig -(SN 779-541 ) [hn Nantgraig]; [nant�'grajg GL Davies, nant'grajg D. Jones] Tir Nant y Graig 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Nant y Graig 1 785PR Llanddewi Bref1, Ty'r Nantygraig 1 790 Castlehill MSS, Nant y Graig OOS 1 82 1 , Nant-y-graig OS 1 834 Nantgwernog -(SN 739-5 1 4)[hn. Nantgwernog(i)]; [nau'kwarn:lg Gl. Davies, E. Morgan, nant'gwarn:lg Gwl. Jones, C. Jones, nant'gw�rn:lg Gwl. Jones] Nantgwernog 1 723 Glansevin MSS, Tyr Nant Gwernogg 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Nant y Gwarnog 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Nant Gwernog 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Nant y Cornel (sic) 1 803map J. Singer, Nant y Gwernog OOS 1 82 1 , Nant y Gwernog OS1 834, Nantygwarnog >1 9 1 0 in 1 975 Ancr n. 5, Nantgwarnog 1979a E.Jones p.48 Cf Bwlchgwemog (Caerns.) [1928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 32] . Nantgwyddyl -(SN c.750-530)[hn Nantgwyddyl(i)]; [nau'kwi·5d Gl. Davies, nau'kwi·5il D . Jones(i), nant 'gwi5Il E. Howells] Hendref Goithel ?? 1 326 BBSt-David p.202, Tyddyn Nant y Gwyddyl 1 63 1 Neuadd-fawr MSS , Tir Nant y Gwyddyl 1 63 1 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Tir Nant y Gwythil 1 695/96 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Nant y Gwyddil 1 7001;4 in 1 65 3 Neuadd-fawr MS S, Nant y Gwiddil 1 765 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Nant y Gwyddil 1 79 1 sur map, Nantgwiddil 1 840TMS, Nantgwyddel 1 879map ECE SD 90, (c) Nant Gwyddel OS 1 89 1 , Nantgweddyl 1 930sur Nantiwan -(SN 757-539)[hn. Nantiwan] ; [nant'Iwan Gl. Davies, D. Jones, D. Jones(i)] (c) Kae Nant Evan 1 660 Glansevin MSS, Tir Blaen Nant levan als. Tir Thomas Llewelin Goch 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Ty yn y Nant ? 1 668/69 Glansevin MSS, Tythyn Nant Jewan 1 679 Glansevin MSS , Tythyn Nant Iewan 1 679 Castlehill MSS , Cae Nant Evan, Tuy yn y Nant ? 1 7 1 8/1 9 D.T.M.Jones MSS vo1.4 p.766, Nant Evan 1 760CF, Nant-Iwan 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Brefi, Nant Ieuan OOS 1 821, Nant-uan OS1 834, Nant-uan 1 840TMS, Nant-uan OS 1 89 1 , Nantieuan OS 1 904 Nantllwyd -(SN 783-523)[hn. Nantllwyd(i)] ; [nan'lujd Gwl. Jones, J. Jones] Nantllwyd 1 787PR Llanddewi Brefi, Nantlwyd OOS 1 82 1 , Nant-Uwyd OS 1 834 Neuaddlas -(SN 650-544)[neuadd + glas] ; [neja5'la:s, pn. gare&'b�ugalo C. Jones] Neuaddlas OS 1 982, Y Bungalow in£ New Inn -(SN 662-552)[E. new + inn] ; New Inn 1 794PR Llanddewi Brefi Cf Tafam-newydd (32-a). Nouadd -(SN 666-548)[neuadd]; [n:lja5 C. Jones, �'neja5 J. T. Rees] Neuadd Park 1 785PR Llanddew� Noyadd fach 1 794PR Llanddewi Brefi, Noyath vach 1 822 Derry Ormond MSS, Noyadd 1 839TMS, Noyadd fach 1 846MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 1 p. 59, Neuadd fach 1 856 Derry Ormond MSS, Y Neuadd 1 902 Cymru vol.23 p. 1 4, Y Noyadd 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 46, Neuadd-y­ berllan (sic) 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 1 1, Neuadd OS 1 982 This name, originally with the specifier -fach, may have referred to the nearby Llys-y-cantor (32-a). Ochrddewi -(SN 645-544)[ochr + pn. Dewi]; [ox,:lr'dewi C. Jones] Ochr-ddewi OS 1 89 1 , Ochr-dewi OS 1 904 Ochrfod -(SN 655-542)[ochr + ? ]; [ox,:lr'vo:d C. Jones, J. T. Rees] 513

(32) PENNARDD Ochrfod OS1 89 1 , Ochr-fod OS1 904 This contains the same obscure term as the nearby Pant-y-fod (32-a), it is likely that the archaic term bod 'dwelling' which is hardly attested in Cardiganshire was a feminine noun, judging from the feminine gender of its derivatives hafod, meifod. There is a feminine noun bid 'bush' found in parts of south-eastern Wales, which is thought to be related to bod 'to be', and it is tempting to connect to B. bod 'bush', however, the masculine gender of the Breton word argues against Ochrfod and Pant-y-fod containing bod with such a meaning, cf sub Botgoll (6 1 a) . Both realisation and lenition refute the term bod 'buzzard', as found in Rhyd-y-bod (SH 89-27, Llanuwchllyn, Mers.) [ 193 1 T. H. Williams: 59]. Ochrgarth -(SN 649-5 59)[ochr + tn. Garth] ; [oz:lr'gare C. Jones] Ochor y Garth als. Ty yn y Dreynen 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Ty Hwnt ir Garth 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ochor y Garth 1 791 sur map, Ochory Garth 1 807 Derry Ormond MSS, Hwynt y Garth OS 1 8 1 9, Hwnt-y­ garth OS 1 834, Ochor Garth 1 842TMS, Ochr-garth OS 1 89 1 Roffis -(SN 680-537)[yr + o:ffis] ; [�'r:lfiS Gl. Davies, f pn. pegi·r' :lfiS als. pegihwsi J . Davies] Old Office 1 884map Rhisgog, Old Office 1 886 ECE MD/SD 3, R'office 1 924-26 CSRLS 34 Pant -(SN 662-562)[pant] ; [pant E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Tir y Pant 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Ty yn y Pant 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Pant 1 779PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pant OS 1 8 1 9, Pant OS1 834 Pant-bach -(SN 662-560)[pant (+ bach)]; Pant-bach 1 794PR Llanddewi Brefi Pant-y-blawd-(SN 659-573)[pant + y + blawd] ; [pant�'blawd E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Pant y Blawd 1 760CF, Pant y Blawed OS1 8 1 9, Pant-y-blawd OS1 834 The name Pant-y-blawd (32-a) may contain blawd with the archaic sense of 'flowers', however, I consider it simpler to understand it as a complimentary allusion as with the identical field-name (c) Pant y Blawd (Fronfraith, 68-a) which was "Noted for its wonderful crops of wheat. " [ 1 924--26 CSRL8 19]. Pantcefn -(SN 63 1 -543) [pant + y + cefn]; [pa.u'keven E. James, pant�'keven C. Jones] Pant y Bwrfwch 1 845TMS, Pantycefen als. Pantybyrfwch 1 889 Derry Ormond MSS, Pant-y-cefn OS 1 89 1 Cf Llety-byljivch (62-a). Pant-y-crug -(SN 670-533)[pant + y + crug]; Pant-y-crfi.g OS 1 89 1 Pant-y-cwar -(SN 663 -542)[pant + y + cwar] ; [pant�'kwar C . Jones] Pant-y-cwar OS 1 89 1 Pantddraenen -(SN 667-547) [pant + y + draenen] ; [pant�'6rejnen M . Davies] Pant-ddraenen OS1 89 1 , Pant-y-ddraenen OS 1 904 House in existence in 1 839 [1 839TM8] . Pantresgair -(SN 673-532)[pant + y r + esgair]; [pant�'resker C . Jones, pant'resker, pant'r�sker J. T . Rees] Pant yr Esgair OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1904 [081891 ; 081904]. Pantffynnon -(SN 661 -546)[pant + y + ffynnon] ; Fagwyr Mica 1 843TMS, Pant-ffynnon OS 1 891, Pant-y-ffynnon OS1 904 The second element of the earlier name, doubtlessly, is the fpn. Meica [ 1975 R. Phillips: 88] . Pant-y-fod -(SN 654-539) [pant + ? ] ; [pant�'vo:d C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Pant-y-fod OS1 89 1 , Pantyfod 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 86 Cf Ochrfod (32-a). Pant-y-garreg -(SN 664-545) [pant + y + carreg] ; [pant�'gareg M. Davies] Pant-y-gareg OS 1 891 Pantglas -(SN 652-533)[pant + glas] ; [pa.u'kla:s J. Thomas, C. Jones, pe.u'kla:s J. Thomas, pag'gla:s, pant'gla:s A Lloyd-Jones] Pant-glas OS1 904 Pantgwyn(i) -(SN 666-541)(Pentre-rhew)[pant + gwyn]; [pant'gwm C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Pant-gwyn OS1 891 Pantgwyn(ii) -(SN 661 -5 1 5)(Greigddu)[pant + gwyn] ; [pant'gwm H. T. Davies] Pant-gwyn OS1 891 Pant-yr-onnen -(SN 652-543)[pant + yr + onnen] ; -

514

(32) PENNARDD Pant-yr-onen OS 1 891 Pantrhedyn -(SN 652-543)[pant + y + rhedyn]; [pant'hredm M Davies, hrl ' sajd C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Pentre Richard Cottage OS 1 904, Hillside OS 1 982 Pant-teg -(SN 65 1 -522)[pant + teg]; [pant'e:g C. Jones, pant'te:g J. T. Rees] Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 , Panteg 1 963 D.Williams p.6 Pebyll -(SN 664-548)[pebyll]; [pebd C. Jones, M Davies] Pebil1 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefl, Pebyl1 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 57, Pebyll OS1 982 Penbanc(i) -(SN 656-540)(Pant-y-fod)[pen + y + bane] ; Pen-y-banc OS 1 891 Penbanc( ii) -(SN 668-545)(Pentre-rhew)[pen + y + bane] ; [pen'bagk M. Davies] Pen-bane OS1 891 Penbont(i) -(SN 641 -542)( Gogouan)[pen + y + pont] ; Tir Pen y Bont 1 73 8 Glansevin MSS, Penbont 1 845TMS, Penbontgogoyan 1 88 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen-y-bont OS 1 891, Ysgoldy Gogoyan OS 1 904, Ysgoldy Gogoyan 1904 J.Evans p. 32, Penybontgoyan 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 52 Penbont(ii) -(SN 661 -554)(Llanddewi)[pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b:mt in£ ] Pen y Bont 1 772 Crosswood MSS Cf Bridgend (32-a). Pencaeau -(SN 648-526)[pen + y + caeau] ; [pen'keje H. T. Davies] Penrhiw'rcaeau 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Breft, Pen-caeau OS 1 89 1 Pencae-bach -(SN 643-527)[pen + y + cae + bach] ; [pqJka'ba:z J . T . Rees] Pencae bach 1 839TMS, Pen-coed-bach (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pencae-bach OS 1 904 Pencae-Hari -(SN 680-502)[pen + cae + pn. Hari] ; [pegka'hari M. Davies] Penca Harry 1 765 F.C. Carter MSS p. 19, Pen Cae Harry 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen Cae Harry OS1 8 1 9, Pen-cae Harry OS1 834, Pencaharing 1 85 7MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 2 p.43 Pencnwc -(SN 653 -543)[pen + y + cnwc]; [peg'knok J. T. Rees] Pen-cnwc OS1 891 Penddol -(SN 635-530)[pen + y + dol] ; [pen'3o:l C. Jones, D. Davies] Penddole 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen y Ddol 1 79 1 sur map, Pendole 1 795 Derry Ormond MSS, Penthol 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS , Penddol 1 803map J. Singer, Penddol OS 1 8 19, Pen-ddol OS 1 834, Penddol 1 839TMS Penfedw -(SN c. 699-536) [pen + y + bedw]; [pen'vedu Gl. Davies] Pen y Fedw 1 79 1 sur map, Penfedw 1 809PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen y F edw OS 1 904 Ruins shown at SN 697-538 [ 1886map ECE MD/SD 3 ] . Penforial -(SN 630-543)[pen + y + *morial]; Penyforial 1 845TMS, Pen-forial OS 1 89 1 Cf Penforial (40-a). Pen-y-graig -(SN 683-550)[pen + y + craig] ; (c) Cae Penygraig 1 79 1 sur map Pengnn -(SN 667-547)[pen + y + grin] ; [peg'gri:n M Davies] Pen y Green 1 839TMS, Pen Green 1 924-26 CSRLS 34 Penlan(i) -(SN c. 740-541)(Blaendoethlau)[pen + y + glan] ; [pe'lan Gl. Davies, i,gumpe'lan D. Jones(i)] Penlan Doethiau 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen Lan 1 793 Glansevin MSS, Penylan, Penlan 1 840TMS, Pen'-lan OS 1 834 Penlan(ii) -(SN 664-546)(Pentre-rhew)[pen + y + glan] ; [pe'lan, pen'lan M . Davies] Penlan 1 860 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen-lan OS1 891 Penlanwen -(SN 657-542)[pen + y + glan + gwen]; [penlan'wen C. Jones, pela'wen E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Pen-lan-wen OS1 891 Penlon -(SN 641 -579) [pen + y + Ion] ; [ pen 'lo: n W. Edwards] Penlon 1 803map J. Singer, Penlone, Pen-lon OS 1 891 Penlon Llanio -(SN 641 -573)[pen + y + lon + tn. Llanio (32-a)]; Penlone Llanio 1 841 cens., Pen-lon-Llanio OS 1 891 , Henblas + Caer Llanio OS1 982 The new names were given when the site was rebuilt [inf. E. Lloyd); cf. Efail (37-a). Penllwyn -(SN 63 8-546)[pen + y + llwyn] ; [pen'iojn C. Jones] 515

(32) PENNARDD Pen Llwyn Ynyd 1 687 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 96, Tir Pen Llwyn Hynyd 1 73 8 Glansevin MSS , Pen y Llwyn 1 760CF, Penllwyn 1 776 Glansevin MS S, Penllwyn 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Penllwin 1 805PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tyr Penllwyn-hynyd als. Penllwyn 1 823 Glansevin MSS, Penllwyne 1 823 Glansevin MS S, Tyrpenllwyd-hynnyd als. Penllwyn 1 824 Glansevin MS S, Pen-11\Vyn OS 1 89 1

remind one of the f. pn. Hunydd, a name that went out of usage in the [ 1 965b M. Richards: 40] , cf. (c) Ffridd Llwynhynydd (Tywyn, Mers.). However, the earliest form of the Llanddewi Brefi place-name in 1 687 suggests Ynyd 'Shrovetide', for which we must suppose that this spot had a religious connection, not obvious at the present; cf. Brynynyd (SN 47-16, Llanddarog, Carms.) and Llwyngrawys (4-a). Penpompren -(SN 787-529)[pen + y + pompren] ; [pen'p:lmpren, (c) ka·,pen'b:lmpren J. Jones] Whilst forms with initial fifteenth century

Pen y Pompren 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen y Bontbren 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen Bont Bren OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-bont-bren O S 1 834, Penpontbren 1 840TMS, Penpompbren 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones

Penrhiw(i)

-(SN 628-544)(Pantcefn) [pen + y + rhiw] ;

Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1

Penrhiw(ii)

-(SN 668-545)(Pentre-rhew) [pen + y + rhiw] ;

[pen'hnw C.

Jones]

Penrhiw 1 83 9TMS

Penrhiwbiau

-(SN 782-479) [pen + rhiw + ? ] ;

[penriW'bie, penru·'bie J.

Lewis]

Penrhubie 1 73 1 /32 Llanllawddog MS S p.47, Penrhyw Biau 1 787PR Llanddewi Brefi, Penrhiwbiau 1 793PR Llanddewi Breft, Penrhiwbie 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08- 1 0, Pen Rhiwbie OS 1 834, Pen Rhiw-bie OS 1 904 Whilst the

*biau

element seems to be a unattested plural of pi 'magpie' (usually

pioden

or

pia

at the

present-day), as it is a noun, it is unlikely that it would be found lenited in an eighteenth-century place­

*biau is altogether another word Neither this place nor Penallt-y­ biau (4-a) are known to be religious sites, and there is no known connection to saint Tybiau of Llandybre (Carms.), a proposition which must remain unlikely in the light of the present stage of knowledge; cf. Dolbiau (32-a). Penrhiwcymer -(SN c. 760-489)[pen + rhiw + yr + cymer] ; [(c) ka·,pen'hnw, penriW'k�mer, pen'riW J. Lewis] inf. Penrhiw-fach - (SN 657- 544)[pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; name. My conclusion therefore is that

Pen-rhiw-fach OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiw-ganol OS 1 904

Penrhiw-isa

-(SN 657-544)[pen + y + rhiw (+ isaf)] ;

[pe,hriW'i-Ja J.

T. Rees]

Pen-rhiw-isaf OS 1 89 1

Penrhiw-ucha -(SN 658-543) [pen + y + rhiw ( + uchaf)] ; [periW'�x,a, pe,riW'�x;a, brm'hejbg

J . T . Rees]

Penrhiw-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw O S 1 904, Bryn Heulog O S 1 982 Seems to have become Brynheulog after 1 945 [inf. J. T. Rees] . Penstaer -(SN 664-5 52)[pen + y + staer] ; [pen'sta:r C. Jones] Penstare 1 772 Cross wood MS S, Penstair 1 79 1 sur map, Penstare 1 793PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen-star 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 0 1

skalier ar vered 'churchyard stile', Penstaer (unloc., Llandydoch) , Star (59-a). Pentre-brain -(SN 635-5 52)[pentref + yr + brain] ; [pentre'brejn E. Lloyd, C. Jones] Was this

staer the

one that crossed the church wall? cf B.

the literal

meaning of skalier being 'stairs'; cf.

Tir Thomas Bevan Gitto als. Tir y Pentre, Tir y Pentre 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Pentre Breyne 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Pentre Breyn 1 76 1 Bronwydd MSS , Pentre Brain 1 8 03PR Llanddewi Breft, Pentre Breni OS 1 8 1 9, Pentre-brain O S 1 834

Ctin y tren, the word written train rhymes with i Bentre Brain [ 1 928 CAST: 6.54] ; trajn, rather than tre:n, i s the usual pronunciation o f E. train i n southern Welsh. Pentre-Bwlen -(SN 636-547) [pentref + sn. Bwlen] ; [pentre'bulen C. Jones] In the Cardiganshire song

Pentre Fwlen 1 780PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentrefwlen 1 797 Derry Ormond MS S, Pentre Bwlan O S 1 8 1 9, Pentre Bwlan, Pentre Bwlen 1 845TMS, Pentre-bwlan O S 1 89 1 , Pentre-bwlen OS 1 904

Bwlen appears to be the Welsh form of Boulogne (France) (cf W. Bwlen [c. 1 7 57 L. Morris: 54 ] , E. Bullen [c. l 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.267]) , which was also an English hereditary surname, cf. W. An. Bwlen [ 1612 Llyfyr Plygain: 1 4] , for the E. f pn. Anne Boleyn. This was a surname of Anglo-French sublords of the lordship of Brycheinog, written Boleyn or Bullen (ancestor of the Williams family of Abercamlais and Penpont) [ 1 986 P. Morgan: 1 24] . A possible connection is through the Clement family, originally of Tal-y-llyn (Brees.) who in 5 16

(32) PENNARDD the late thirteenth century became marcher lords of the neighbouring lordship of Pennardd (e); cf Bullen's Bank (SO 26-41 , Clifford, Heres.). Anne Boleyn is noted as having had possessions in Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire [1 906 TCAS: 1 .86]. Pentre Gouallt -(SN 668-547)[pentre + tn. [Ochr] Gouallt (32-b)] ; [pentre'g :ljalt J. T. Rees] in£ One house [inf. J. T. Rees] . Pentre-llaca -(SN 663 -5 57) [pentref + yr + llaca] ; [(c) ka·,pant;:)'iaka E. James] Pentre Lacca 1 772 Crosswood MSS , Pentrellacca 1 779PR Llanddewi Breft, Pentre Llechau (sic) O S 1 8 1 9, Pentre Llacca 1 823 Derry Ormond MS S, PENTRE-RHEW -(SN 665 -548) [pentref + yr + rhew] ;

(c242) Cae Pentre Llaca 1 839TMS

[pentre'hrew, pentre'rew J.

T. Rees]

Pentre Rhew 1 782 Derry Ormond MSS , Pentrerhew 1 782PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Pentrerhrew 1 784PR Llanddewi Breft, Pentrar Rhew 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS , Pentre Rhiw OS 1 8 1 9, Pentre-rhiew 1 839TMS A neighbourhood (cymdogaeth) on the hillside.

suppose the kernel of Pentre-rhew stood about Nouadd

I

(32-a). Comprising: 1) Bronberllan, 2) Brynamlwg, 3) Gilfacb, 4) Gwarffynon n, 5) Gwarheol, 6) Gwarparc, 7) Nouadd, 8) Pantddraenen, 9) Pantffynon n, 1 0) Pant-y-garreg, 1 1) Pebyll, 1 2) Penbanc(ii), 1 3) Pengrin, 14) Penlan(ii), 1 5) Pistyllgwehydd, 16) Pistyllgwyn(ii), 1 7) Plasmynydd, 1 8) Pwllpwdel, 1 9) Rhoc, 20) Sychnant, 21) Tanffynon n, 22) Tangouallt, 23) Trefentr, 24) Troedrhiwddewi, 25) TY-newydd(ii), 26) Ty-newydd-ucha. PENTRE-RITSIERD -(SN 65 1 - 542)[pentref + pn. Ritsierd] ;

pentre'rdJ;:)rd

[pentre'rrtJed

M. Davies,

pentre'ritJ�

J. T. Rees,

C. Jones]

Tyr Pentre Richard 1 594 Cilgwyn

I

MSS , Tir Pentre Lickas 1 669 Bronwydd MS S , Tir Jenkin David

Benllwyd Ymmhentre Rhicka 1 688 Bronwydd MS S, Tythyn y Pentre Richard 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tir John Rees als. Tythyn y Pentre Richard, Llwyn Richard 1 704 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 1 07, Pentre Richard 1 784PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentrerichard 1 796PR Llangeitho, Pentre Richard 1 8 1 8sur map, Pentre Richard OS 1 8 1 9, Pontrichard (sic) 1 834MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol. 1 p . 5 , Pentre-richard O S 1 89 1 Whilst the name i s attested before then, a certain Hugh There is no doubt that

in 1903-15 NLW MS763-D: 1 07] .

Cardiganshire Welsh form of E.

Richard,

Richard owned Pentre-Ritsierd about 1 700 [1704 Ritsierd - rather than *Ritsiad - was the traditional

though this is now rarely heard in Cardiganshire with the

Pritsierd-fach (1-a). Concerning the 1 669 and 1 68 8 forms, Rickus on Welsh borders ( 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 87 ] . Comprising: 1 ) Bronmwyn, 2) Mowntan-gat, 3) Pantronnen, 4) Panthredyn, 6) Perrenwe, 7) Pentre-Ritsierd, 8) Talfan. Pistyllgwehydd -(SN 666-548) [pistyll + y + gweydd] ; [pistn;:)'gwej� C. Jones] increasing centralisation of the final syllable, cf cf. sn.

Pistil-y-gweydd 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS , Pistill-gweydd 1 866 Derry Ormond MSS , Pinstill-Gwydd (sic loc. ) O S 1 904, Pistyll-y-gwehydd 1 984 D.B.Rees p . 1 61

Pistyllgwyn(i) -(SN 654- 5 5 8)(Garth) [pistyll + gwyn] ; [p1strl:' gwm C. Jones] (c) Y Llain ar war y Pistill 1 68 8 Bronwydd MSS, Pistill Gwyn 1 78 8PR Llanddewi

Bre:fi, Pistill Gwyn

1 79 1 sur map, Pistill Gwynne 1 796PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Pistillgwynne 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Pistyll Gwyn OS 1 8 1 9, Pistyll-gwyn O S 1 834, Pestill Gwyn 1 83 8 Derry Ormond MSS

Pistyllgwyn(ii)

-(SN 667-548)(Pentre-rhew) [pistyll + gwyn];

Pistyll Gwyn 1 83 9TMS

Pistyllgwyn-bach

-(SN 650-53 8)(Tynllwyn) [pistyll + gwyn] ;

Pistill Gwyn 1 79 1 sur map,

(c294)

[piShi'gwm M.

Davies]

Cae Pistill 1 83 9TMS, Pistyll-gwyn O S 1 891 , Pistill Gwyn bach 1 9 1 1

J. C.Davies p.259, Pistyllgwyn bach 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones

Plas-bacb - (SN 647- 583)[plas + bach] ; Plasbach 1 776PR Llanddewi Breft, Plas bach 1 79 1 sur map, Plasdy bach 1 803map J. Singer, Plas bach 1 8 1 OPR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Plas bach OS 1 8 1 9

Plas Gorwydd -(SN 645 -534) [plas + tn.

Gorwydd (32-a)] ;

[pla:s;:)'g;,rwi� C . Jones]

Gorwydd Villa OS 1 904, Plas-y-gorwydd OS 1 982

Plasmynydd -(SN 668-547) [plas + y + mynydd] ; [pla:s;:)'ffi;:)lll� M

Davies]

Plas-mynydd OS 1 89 1 , Plas-y-mynydd O S 1 904

Plas-newydd

-(SN 64 1 -564)[plas + newydd] ;

[pla:s'neWI� C.

Jones]

Plas-newydd O S 1 891

Pont Llanio -(SN 652-569) [pont + tn.

Llanio

(32-a)] ;

Pen Pont Llanio 1 669 Bronwydd MSS , Pont Llanieo 1 760map E.Bowen, Penbont Llanio 1 790PR Llanddewi Breft, Pompren Llanio 1 79 1 sur map, Pont Llanio 1 803map J. Singer, Pompren Llainnio 1 807

517

(32) PENNARDD Derry Ormond MSS, Pont Llanio OS 1 8 1 9, Pompren Lannio 1 838 Derry Ormond MS S, Pont Llanio OS 1 89 1 Bridge b. 1 8 1 3 [ 1 902 Cymru: 23 . 1 2] . Preswylfa -(SN 641 -577)[preswyl + -rna]; Preswylfa OS 1 89 1 , Ty Rhattal OS 1 982 Prysg -(SN 664-5 56) [prys + -g] ; [pr�sk in£ , prrsk Gl Davies, C. Jones] Prysg 1 65 5PR Caron, Prysg O S 1 834, Prisk 1 83 9TMS Pwllpwdei -(SN 665-548)[pwll + y + pwdel] ; [pol�'pudel M. Davies] Pwllpwdel OS 1 982 A stryt of two-three houses [inf M. Davies ] . Pysgotwr -(SN 734-5 1 7)[hn. Pysgotwr]; [p�s'k:ltur Gl. Davies, E. Hughes] Tir Pyscottwr 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Magwr y Nant Glas als. Magwr William David Tayler ym Mhyscottwr ? 1 669 Glansevin MSS, Llyest William ap Evan Jenkin Ympyscotwr 1 674 Glansevin MSS, Magwr y Nant Glas als. Magwr William David Taylor Ympyscolwr ? 1 699/1 700 M.Richardson MS 1 69, 'cott. or summer ho. ' Llyest William ab Evan Jenkin ym Yscottwr 1 71 8/1 9 D.T.MJones MSS vol.4 p. 7 66, Puscottur 1 795PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pyscottwr 1 803 map J. Singer, Pysgodwr OOS 1 82 1 , Pysgotwr OS 1 834, Pysgottwr 1 843TMS Pystcoch -(SN 636-536) [pyst + coch]; [prs'ko:x A Jones, C. Jones] Glanrhocca Lodge 1 845TMS, Glan-rhoccas-lodge OS 1 89 1 , Bys Goch, Bysgoch als. Glanrhocca Lodge 1 9 1 1 Sanitary Inspector's report (in possession of Cyril Evans, Tregaron), Pis-coch 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Ty Pistyll Coch 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones The 1 987 form with pistyll is probably simply a hypothesis since the reduction of pistyll � pist- - though feasible due to pre-stress reduction - is not known to me. The meaning 'red spout', also found in Coed Pistyllcoch (76-b), could conceivably refer to a muddy spring, though I did not come across any flow of water following a cursory inspection of the site. A more conceivable explanation would be by pyst 'posts' (though the usual plural ofpost 'post' in Cardiganshire at present is postys, the older plural may have been preserved in this name). The meaning 'red posts' could be accounted as referring to gate-posts of that colour that may have been placed at the entrance to Glanrhoca. Against this interpretation are, i) the pronunciation is not noted *p�s- as would be expected in the dialect of this area, and ii) the lack of agreement between the adjective and the pluraL however, cf Pyst Carreg (Pembs.) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 807] . Note, however, that one meaning given to pyst was jet (of water)' [GPC s.v. post1 ] . Rhisgog-ganoi -(SN 678-54l )[rhisgog (+ canol)] ; [hr;)Sk:lg ';)xa Gl. Davies, hr�sk:lg'va:x p. c. Gw. Jones] Rhysgog ganol 1 79 1 sur map, Rhysgogganol 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Rhysgog ucha 1 839TMS, Cae Sparrws 1 9thcent. Lucas MS 2073 The term sba!'Ws, apparently from E. spar + house, refers to any cristalline, easily cleavable and non­ lustrous metal, thus having some connection with the lead-mine of Rhisgog-ucha (32-a) . Rhisgog-isa -(SN 673-545)[rhisgog (+ isaf)] ; [hr;)Sk:lg Gl. Davies, C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Tir Rhisgog 1 688 Bronwydd MSS, Rhystog 1 752 Ty-llwyd MSS, Rhi'sgog 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Rhysgog 1 779PR Llanddewi Breft, Rhysgog issa 1 787PR Llanddewi Breft, Rhysgog isaf 1 79 l sur map, Rhysgogissa 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Rhisgog 1 806PR Llanddewi Brefi, Rhyscog isaf OS 1 8 1 9, Rhyscog isaf OS 1 834, Rhysgog-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Rhyscog issa 1 9thcent. Lucas MS 2073 , Y Rhysgog 1 936 in 1 992 Barcud n. 1 6 1 The component in the adjectival rhisgog is rhisg (an archaic form o f rhisgl 'bark', which has added an epithetic , though £$'hri:sk was still attested as a variant form in the Bangor dialect of 1 900 [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 463 ] ) . Other similar names to Rhisgog in Llanddewi Brefi are: Rhisgog (SJ 1 5- 18, LlanfYllin, Monts.; SJ 1 8-43, Llangollen-wledig, Denbs.; SN 94-54, Llanafan-fawr, Brees. ; SO 09-48, Aberedw, Rads.), and in Brittany there is a place-name Ar Ruskeg (Loqueffret, Finistere), also of the same meaning. As the cognate of W. rhisg(l) is rusk in Breton and ritisc in Irish, the spellings Rhysgog and the pronunciation of hr�sk:lg in southern Wales (this is also the realisation of the Llanafan-fawr Rhisgog [inf. w. Protheroe] ) might lead one to expect that the proper frorm of this name is *Rhusgog. However, the example of the Llangollen Rhisgog hrjsk:lg [inf.], noted Bwlchrhisgog in a local Welsh account [ 1931 H. Evans: 1 ] shows it to be Rhisgog, and this being so it follows that the spelling Rhysgog on the OS map represents an English value of . The unlocated example Park Gwydyr als. Park y Rhisgog (prox. Llanrwst, Caerns.) [ c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 1. 2] also seems to demonstrate Rhisgog (though it is not unknown for E. Lhuyd to write for [i] in his phonetic 5 18

(32) PENNARDD orthography), but the Llan:fyllin Rhisgog

(SJ 1 5-18, Llanfyllin, Monts.) is Rhysgog on the OS maps, and locally hrask;:,g [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 401 ; inf.]. As northern Welsh shows at least one undisputed example of Rhisgog we must interpret the vowel in those names realised hrask;:,g as due to a weakening of the penultimate vowel before a consonant cluster ( cf. Blaenrhisglog below). The form rhisgl is a later variant with epithetic that supplanted rhisg, it is found in Blaenrhisglog blan'raskbg [inf.] (SN 69-46, Caeo, Carms.); concerning Hafod-y-rhisgl (3x) and Hafodrhisglog ( 1 x), M. Richards [ 1 959: 16] proposed: "The timbers were probably rough-hewn and the bark left unstripped. " ; cf. Hafodrhisg (SJ 1 8-43, Llantissilio, Denbs.); Hafodrhisg (Nantgwynant, Caerns.) £:S'hav;:,d'hri:sk [ 1 885 H. Sweet: 4 1 1 ] . Rhisgog-ucha -(SN 680-538) [rhisgog (+ uchaf)] ; [hwsi Gl. Davies] pronounced

The Rhysgog Mine 1 76 1 in 1 987 Y. Carr p. 80, Rhysgog uchaf 1 79 1 sur map, Rhysgogucha 1 797 Derry Ormond MS S, Rhyscog uchaf O S 1 834, Rhysgog Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. l 37, Rhysgog-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Rhyscog-ucha Lead Mines 1 9thcent. Lucas M S 2073, Lucy 1 893 ECE M S SD 63 566, Lead Mine (disused) O S 1 904, Lucy, Magwr Lucy 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Rhyscog 1 97 1 G.W.Hall p. 70, Gwaith y Rhysgog 1 979a E.Jones p. 74, Ty Lucy, Liws� Efail Gwaith Mwyn (prox. ) 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones

Llynferwyn (33-a) to Rhisgog-ucha [1902 Cymru: 23.1 1 ] ; leat was made Rhisgog-ucha, there is a tradition that it was never completed [1971 G. w. Hall: 70]; leat shown below Bryncaregog (32-a) [c. 1 879map ECE SD 93] . Knowing the confusion shown between the terms efail and left in Cardiganshire, it is quite likely that Efail Gwaith Mwyn is a reference to a 'level' rather than to a 'smithy'. For the use of the E.f. pn. Lucy as the mine's name, cf Gwaith Botgoll (61-a) which was also known as Gertrude. Rhoc -(SN 668-547)[E. rock] ; [hr;:,k Gl. Davies, J. T. Rees] A leat was built to bring water from

from Llynferwyn and Nant-y-gam to

Tanygoiallt als. (sic) Rock and Fountain 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS , Rock 1 83 9TMS, Rock Fm. OS 1 89 1 , Rock and Fountain 1 91 9map Llanddewi Brefl, Glasdir O S 1 982 Renamed

Glastir

after

(c) Glastir

( SN 698-539) by John D. Davies in the 1 940s after he moved there,

both because he wanted a Welsh name and in rememberance of a mountainland sheepwalk from his childhood home Cwmduwlas (he had shortlisted five sheepwalk names and asked his young niece Catherine Jones to choose the name)

Rhos Villa -(SN 63 1 -543)[tn

(p.c. c. Jones].

Rhos + E. villa] ;

Rhos Villa OS 1 904, Rhos Villa O S 1 982

Rhydhalog -(SN 791 -520)[rhyd + halog] ; [ri·'tabg , hrit'abg J.

Jones,

hri·d'tabg

D . Jones]

Tir Rhyd Halog 1 71 8/39 Coleman MS S p. 1 3 8, Rhyd Talog 1 783PR Llanddewi Breft, Rhyd Halog 1 803 map J. Singer, Rhydhalog 1 840TMS, Mine Works (abandoned) 1 879map ECE SD 90, Rhydtalog 1 97 1 G.W.Hall p.73, East Rhydtalog 1 97 1 G.W.Hall p.75, Rhydtalog, East Rhydtalog OS 1 974 Geol. map, Rhytalog OS 1 982

Rhydhalog [ 1930sur]. Because of its connotations, the term halog 'dirty' tended to be talog in place-names when following a fmal [ -d ] a reanalysis aided by the provection of [-d] to [-t], this happened in this place-name (glossed 'Talog's ford' [ 1 879 ECE MS SD 90]), and also in a number of other similar place-names, e.g. Rhydhalog (SJ 23-54, Treuddyn, Flints.), noted Rhydtalog on OS maps ( 1 959 E. Davies: 1 47], and the Hafod-dalog of the OS map was in reality Hafodhalog (SH 49-56, Llandwrog, Caerns.) [1959 M. Richards: 18]; for another reanalysis of halog, see sub Ffoshalog (33-a). Rhyd-yr-henfon -(SN 679- 5 1 4)[rhyd + yr + henfon]; [hri-da'hrenv;:,n H. T. Davies] Three houses in interpreted as

,

Tir Rhyd yr Henvon 1 669 Bronwydd MS S , Rhyd yr Hen Von c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Rhyd yr Henton 1 772 Crosswood MS S , Rhyd yr Henfon, Rhyd yr Henfoel 1 79 1 sur map, Rhyd yr Henfoel 1 807 DFL MS S , Rhyd yr Henfol 1 8 1 1 PR Llanddewi Brefi, Rhyd-y-henfon O S 1 834, Rhyd yr Hen Foel 1 839TMS, Rhyd-yr-henfon OS 1 89 1 The forms o f 1 79 1 , 1 807, 1 8 1 1 , 1 83 9 have substituted the obscure - t o us -

Nant-henfoel-fawr (25-a). Rhydmeirch -(SN (ii)775-562) [rhyd hri·d'mejrz Rh. Hughes]

+ y + meirch] ;

[hri:da'mejrz J.

Jones, D. Jones,

*henfoel for henfon,

hri:d'mejrz Gwl.

cf

Jones,

Rhyd y Meirch 1 700 in 1 963 MRichards p.22 1 , Rhyd y Meirch 1 784PR Llanddewi Brefi, Rhyd y Meirch 1 803 map J.Singer, Rhydd y Meierch OOS 1 82 1 , Rhyd-y-meirch O S 1 834 i) SN 773 -5 59.

[ 1 803, 1 8401MS].

ii) SN 775-562. [ 1889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi]; now at the bottom of the clay pit [inf. D. Jones] . Soar -(SN 784- 532) [Bibl.tn.

Zoar];

[so-ar

J. Jones, L. Jones,

5 19

so-ara'mam6

1 989 E. M. Watkins p. 1 5 5 ]

(32) PENNARDD Capel Saron OS 1 834, Soar Chapel 1 840TMS, Soar 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 5 56, gadawer i ni fynd i gapel Soar yn y mynyddau 1 866 in 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p.303 , Capel Zoar (Calvinistic Methodist) OS 1 89 1 , Soar y Mynyddoedd 1 902 WGaz. 1 7, Soar (Brevi) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, Capel Soar OS 1 904, Soar y Mynydd 1 906 J. J.Morgan p. 52, Soar y Mynydd (title of an article), Soar 1 91 2 Cymru vol.42 p.253, 'and it is natural that the chapel is called' Soar y Mynyddoedd 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 73 , i Gapel Soar 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 1 75, S oar y Mynydd 1 91 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 1 5, Soar-y-Mynydd C. 1 945 WLS, Ty Capel OS 1 982 b. 1 821 -22 [ 1 979a E. Jones: 71; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277]; b. 1 828 [ 1851Rel cens . : 556] . The explanation of J. Evans [1 904: 48] : "Ar y mynydd oedd Soar Lot gynt, ac ar y Mynydd-mawr rhwng Tregaron a Llanwrtud oedd Soar. " is incorrect, as the Biblical Zoar was on the plains [Genesis 1 3 : 10, 19:30]. The signification of Soar is as a city of refuge. A daily school was held in the chapeL closed 1 947 [1979a E. Jones: 84 ]. Stesion Pont Llanio -(SN 652-569)[stesion + tn Pont Llanio (32-a)]; [fpn. an'steJ;Jn lived at Station Cottage C. Jones] Station Cottage (SN 65 1 -569) OS 1 89 1 , Station Cottage OS 1 904, Pont Llanio Station 1 91 9map Llanddewi Brefi, Station Llanio 1 928 CAST vol.6 p. 54, Stesion Bont Llanio 1 975 Ancr ns. 6-7, Stesion Pont Llanio 1 989 Barcud n. 1 3 5 Sychnant -(SN 669-544)(sych + nant] ; [s�xnant C. Jones, M. Davies] Nant-sych (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Sychnant OS 1 904 Tafam-newydd -(SN 661 -552)[tafarn + newydd] ; [tavarn'newi� C. Jones] Tavam newydd 1 804PR Llanddewi Brefi Destroyed 1 983 [1984 D. B. Rees: 227] ; cf New Inn (32-a). Talfan -(SN 652-542)[tal + y + ban] ; [tal'van C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Tal-fan O S 1 904 Tanrallt -(SN 655-546)[tan + yr + allt] ; [tan'raH C. Jones] Gwern y Driw fach 1 79 1 sur map, Tan-yr-allt OS 1 904 Inexistent [os 1891 ]. Tancnwch -(SN 67 1 -576) [tan + y + cnwch] ; [tag'knu:x C. Jones] Y Knwch Melyn 1 546 Hendrefelen MSS, (c) Cae Dan y Gnwch 1 83 9TMS, Tan-cnwch OS 1 89 1 Tanerdy -(SN 672-573)[tanerdy] ; [tan'erdi Gl. Davies, J. Williams] Tannery OS 1 89 1 Tanresgair -(SN 672-542)[tan + yr + esgair]; Tanyresker 1 866 Derry Ormond MSS, Tanyrescer, Tanyresker 1 9111cent. Lucas MS 2703 Tanffynnon -(SN 664-547)[tan + y + ffynnon] ; [tam'f�n;Jn M. Davies] Tan y Ffynnon 1 839TMS Tangouallt -(SN 670-547)[tan + y + cau + allt] ; [tag'g;1jaU C. Jones, M Davies] Gardd Tan y Goyallt 1 782 Derry Ormond MSS, Danygoyallt 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS, Tan y Gouallt 1 793PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tangoiallt 1 822 Derry Ormond MSS, Tanygoiallt als. (sic) Rock and Fountain 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Tan-goyallt OS 1 89 1 , Tan y Gouallt OS 1 904 Described in 1 782 as 'a garden with a new house lately built thereon' [1782 Derry Ormond MSS]. Tangouan -(SN 63 9-538) [tan + tn Gogouan (32-a)]; Tire Ieuan ap Ieuan ap Yorkin als. Tire issa y Thomas David Griffith Dan Gogoyan 1 682/83 CD 72, Tir Evan ab Evan ab Jockin als. Tir yssa y Thomas D[ avi]d Griffith Dan Gogoian 1 71 6 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p . 93 , Dangogoyan 1 760CF, Tan y Gogoyan 1 779PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tangogoian 1 783PR Llanddewi Breft, Dan Gogoian 1 79 1 sur map, Tangogouan 1 792PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tan y Gogoyan O S 1 8 1 9, Tanygoyan 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Tan-gogoyan OS 1 834, Tangogoyan 1 845TMS Tanlan -(SN c. 635-532) [tan + y + glan]; [tan'lan A. Jones] Tan y Lan 1 772 Cross wood MSS, Tanlan 1 780PR Llanddewi Breft, Tanylan 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tanlan Fach (prox. ) 1 789PR Llanddewi Breft, Danylan 1 79 1 sur map, Danian 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS , Dan Lanffach (prox.) 1 807 Derry Ormond MS S , Tanlan OS 1 8 1 9, Danylan als. Tyrgoyan 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Tan'lan OS1 834 The meaning of glan here is 'bank, brink' rather than 'hill', the meanings 'bank, brink' being more usually expressed as ceulan or tor/an, and in tns. Tangeulan. Tanroerfa -(SN 655-532) [tan + yr + oerfa]; [tan'r;Jrva J. Thomas] Tan-yr-orfa OS 1 904, Tanorfa 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 8 , Tanyroerfa 1 963 D. Williams p. 6 520

(32) PENNARDD Tir-bach -(SN 739-537)(Blaendoethlau)[tir + bach]; [ti:r'ba:x, D. Jones(i)] Tirbach 1 840TMS

Tir-bach Closrefaii -(SN 641 -530) [tir + bach + tn. Closrefail (32-a)]; [klo:s'revel C. Jones] Tyr bach 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tyrbach 1 797 Derry Ormond MSS, Tir bach Closyrefel 1 83 9TMS, Tir­ bach OS 1 89 1 , Tir-bach-clos-yr-efail OS 1 904, Closyrefail 0Sc. 1 950 Trefentr -(SN 666-546)[tn. Trefentr]; [tre'venter C. Jones, M. Davies] Trefenter 1 856 Derry Ormond MSS, Trefenter OS 1 982 Troedrhiw -(SN 659-548) [troed + y + rhiw]; [tro:d'nw C. Jones, trod'nw J. T. Rees] Troedycliew 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Troed y Rhiw 1 782PR Llanddewi Breft, Troed y Rhyw 1 786PR Llanddewi Breft, Troed'rhiw 1 807PR Llanddewi Brefi, Troedyr'rhiw 1 807PR Llanddewi Breft, Troed-y­ rhiw OS 1 834, Troedyrhiew 1 839TMS Troedrhiwcymer -(SN 763-484) [troed + rhiw + y + cymer] ; [tnw'k�mer J. Jones, Gwl. Jones, D. Thomas, tru 'k�mer J. Jones, tro:dnw'k�mer D. Thomas, tro·d'k�mer J. Lewis] Troed Rhiw Cummer 1 73 1 /32 Llanllawddog MS S p. 47, Troedyrhiw [ ] Cummer 1 775 M.Richardson MSS p. 444, Troedrhiw Cymmer 1 793PR Llanddewi Breft, Troed Rhiw Cummer 1 803map J. Singer, Troedyrhiw Commau 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-10, Troed y Rhiw, Cymmer OOS 1 82 1 , Troed y Rhiw Cymmer OS 1 834, Troed y Cynnull (sic) 1 955 W.J.Lewis p. 64, Troedycynnull (sic) 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 29 Troedrhiwddewi -(SN 665-547) [troed + rhiw + tn. [Llan]ddewi [Brefi] (32-a)]; [delvrm C. Jones, M Davies, trodriW'()ewi old name M. Davies] Trodyrhew Ddewy 1 830 Derry Ormond MSS, Troedrhewdewy 1 846 Derry Ormond MSS, Troedrhiwdewy 1 846 Derry Ormond MSS, Troedrhiwddewy 1 866 Derry Ormond MSS, Delfryn O S 1 982 Troedrhiwruddwen -(SN 770-478)[troed + y + rhiw + rhudd + gwen ?]; [tr�d'hriW, tro:d'hriW Gwl. Jones, tro:d'riW D. Thomas] Troedrhuw Rwyddwen 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p. 47, Troed y Rhiwrhyddwen 1 796 M.Richardson MS S p.475, Troed y Rhiw 1 803map J. Singer, Troedyrhiw 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-10, Troed y Rhiw OOS 1 82 1 , Troed y Rhiw Rhuddwen OS 1 834, Troedrhiwryddwen 1 840TMS, Troed Rhiw Ruddwen OS 1 904, Troed-rhiw-ruddwen 'mine' OS 1 974 Geol.map The meaning of rhuddwen appears to be a compound colour 'red-white', however since compound colours are very rare in Welsh toponymy, it is likely rhuddwen stands for *rhuddwaun 'red marshy­ ground', cf Weunrudd (Llanwrtyd, Brees.), Freithwen (35-a). There was a lead-mine nearby at SN 771 -476 [inf J. Lewis], see 1 971 G. W. Hall p. 76. Twlc-y-ffeirad-(SN c. 688-539) [twlc + yr + offeiriad]; [tolk�'fejrad, knok�'fejrad (id.) Gl. Davies] Twlch y Ffeirad 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones In ruins ( 1884map Rhisgog] . Ty-coch -(SN 766-486)[tY + coch]; [ti·'ko:x, J . Lewis] Ty Coch 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Ty Coch list J. Lewis Ty-draw -(SN 658-578) [ty + draw] ; Ty Raw (sic) O S 1 982 Ty-gwyn -(SN 662-553)[ty + gwyn]; Ty-gwyn 1 984 D.B.Rees p.227 Destroyed 1 983 [ 1984 D. B. Rees: 227] . Ty-hir -(SN 659- 578)[tY + hir]; [ti: 'hi:r C. Jones] Ty-hir O S 1 982 b. 1 971 [ 1984 E. R. D. Prosser: 28] . Ty-mawr -(SN 650-574)[ty + mawr] ; [ti:'mowr E . Lloyd, C. Jones] Tir y Ty mawr yn Llanio 1 725/26 Castlehill MSS , Ty mawr ar Gefen Llanio, Tyr y Ty mawr yn Llanio 1 746 Castlehill MSS, Ty mawr 1 79 1 sur map, Ty mawr OS 1 8 1 9, Ty-mawr O S 1 834 Cf Ty mawr y Dre (unloc., Llanddewi village) [ 1772 Crosswood MSS] . Tyncomel -(SN 750-534) [tyddyn + y + cornel] ; [tDJ'k�rnel Gl. Davies, C. Jones, t�·k�rnel S. Jones] Tuy yn y CorneL Tir Jenkin Thomas 'lying at Maesbetws between Carreg-y-llety-byr and Llety Ifan Gam' 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MS S, Tyr Jenkine Thomas 1 69 1 /92 Edwinsford MSS vol. l p.429, TG.y yn y Cornel, Tir Tu.y yn y Cornel als. Tir Jenkin Thomas 1 72 1 /22 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Tuy-yn-y-cornel als. Tir-Jenkin Thomas 1 762 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Tyynycornel 1 787PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tyn y Cornel 1 796PR

521

(32) PENNARDD Llanddewi Bref:t, Tyn y Cornel 1 803map J. Singer, Tyn y Cornel (sic loc.) OOS 1 82 1 , T'yn-y-cornel O S 1 834 Tyndomen -(SN 659-58 1 )[tyddyn + y + tomen] ; [tm'd:lmen E. Lloyd, F. Evans] Tynydommen 1 760CF, Ty yn y Domen 1 776PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Ty'n y Dommen 1 78 1 sur map, Ty yn y Domen 1 782PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Tyynydommen 1 784PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Tynydomen 1 788PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Ty'n-dommen 1 808PR Llanddewi Bre� Tyn y Dommen OS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-domen OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-domen OS 1 89 1 Tynreithin -(SN c. 628-543)[tyddyn + yr + eithin] ; Tythin yr Eithin 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Tynreithin 1 797PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Tynyreithin 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tyn r Eithin 1 845TMS Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 787- 5 1 9)(Nantllwyd)[tY + newydd] ; Tynewydd 1 879map ECE SD 90 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 666-547)(Pentre-rhew)[ty + newydd] ; [glasvrm C. Jones, M. Davies, remembers mother talking about f pn. mari,ti'newd'l M. Davies] Ty newydd 1 839TMS, Glasfryn OS 1 982 Ty-newydd-ucha -(SN 665-547)[ty + newydd (+ uchaf)] ; Ty-newydd-uchaf O S 1 89 1 Tynllwyn -(SN 648-539)[tyddyn + y + llwyn]; [tm'iujn C . Jones, J. T . Rees] T'ynllwyn 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, T'yn y llwyn 1 79 1 sur map, Tyn y Llwyn OS 1 8 1 9, Tynyllwyn 1 839TMS, Ty'n-llWy:n OS 1 891 Tynpant -(SN 71 3-520)[tyddyn + y + pant]; [tm'pant in£] Tyr y Pant 1 71 8/1 9 D . T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p. 766, Magwyr Tyn y Pant (al. loc.) 1 840TMS Tynrhos -(SN 63 8-543)[tyddyn + y + rhos]; [tm'hro:s C. Jones] Pentre Rhos ? 1 798PR Llanddewi Bre� (c) Llain Tyn Rhos 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Tai Rhos, Cae Tynrhos 1 845TMS, Ty'n-rh6s OS 1 89 1 Waunbant -(SN 689-57l)[y + gwaun-bant]; [wejn'bant J. Williams, I. Jones] Tir y Weyn Bant 1656 Hendrefelen MSS, Tir y Wayn Bant 1 721122 Hendrefelen MSS, Waun-bant OS 1 89 1 This i s an uncompounded inverse construction meaning 'marshy dip'. Waun-isa -(SN 660-542)[y + gwaun (+ isaf)]; [wejn'i.fa C. Jones, wejn'i·Ja J. T. Rees] Wein Wen ?? 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Waun Wen ?? 1 809PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Waun-isaf OS 1 891 Waun-ucha -(SN 66 1 - 54 1 ) [y + gwaun (+ uchaf)] ; [wejn'�xa C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Waun-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Wem-isa -(SN 645-569) [y+ gwern ( + isaf)] ; [wern'i:Ja E . Lloyd, C . Jones] Wern 1 776PR Llanddewi Bref:t, Wern issa 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Wernusa 1 780PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwern isaf OS 1 8 1 9, Gwern isaf 0Sl 834, Wern-isaf OS 1 89 1 Wem-ucha -(SN 641 -578)[y + gwern (+ uchaf)] ; [wern'newd') E . Lloyd, C . Jones, wern·�xa W. Edwards] Wern newydd 1 775PR Llanddewi Brefi, Wern ycha 1 790PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwern newydd 1 79 1 sur map, Tyr bach yn Llanio ucha als. Tyr Evan Jenkin Griffith, 'part of a messuage called' Tyddin Wern, (c) Dolegam 'formerly part of a messuage called' Llanio 'all now commonly called' Wern newidd als. Wern ucha 1 81 3 Glansevin MSS, Gwern newydd OS 1 8 1 9, Wern-uwchaf 1 830 PR Llangeitho, Wern ucha 1 842TMS, Wern-uchaf OS 1 891 Ysgoldy Brynmeinog -(SN 656-527)[ysgoldy + tn. Brynmeinog (32-a)]; [sk�ldi,br�'mejn:lg J. T. Rees] Sunday School O S 1 904, Ysgoldy Cwmeiniog ( sic) 1 904 J.Evans p. 32, Ysgoldy Brynmeinog 1 979a E. Jones p. 9 1 b. 1 896, closed 1 930, branch o fBethesta (32-a) [ 1 979a E. Jones: 9 1 ] . Ysgoldy Llanio -(SN 642-569)[ysgoldy + tn. Llanio (32-a)] ; [sk:lldi E. Lloyd, C. Jones, mas'kapel C. Jones] Ysgoldy Llanio OS 1 904, Ysgoldy Llanio 1 904 J. Evans p. 3 1 , Tycapel + Maes-y-capel O S 1 982 b. l 859, undenominational [1 990 Lampeter photographs: 1 36]. Ysgol Llanddewi -(SN 66 1-555)[ysgol + tn Llanddewi [Brefi] (32-a)] ; Llanddewi Brefi C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol Llanddewi 1 975 Ancr n. 3 Ysgubor-fach -(SN 700-550)[ysgubor + bach]; [ski·b:lr'va:z Gl. Davies, sk�b:lr'va:z D. Jones(i), J. Davies] Scybor fach 1 83 9TMS, (c) Ysgubor fach 1 987 W.P. Ll.Jones Ystrad -(SN 648-566)[ystrad] ; [�strad E. Lloyd, �strad'dewi C. Jones] 522

(32) PENNARDD Ystrad Vrevy 1 688 Bronwydd MSS, Tyr yr Ystrad 1 734 Bronwydd MS S, Tythin yr Ystrad 1 741 DDE MS S, Tythyn yr Ystrad 1 747 DDE MSS, Estrad als. Pen y Bont Llanio 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Ystraed Brevy 1 78 5PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ystrad uchaf 1 79 1 sur map, Ystraed 1 800PR Llanddewi Brefi, Ystrad uchaf 1 807 Derry Ormond MSS, Ystrad Ddewi 08 1 82 1 , Ystrad East, Ystrad West 1 83 8 Derry Ormond MSS, Ystrad Ddewi 1 842TMS, Ystrad Ddewi OS 1 89 1 , Ystrad Dewi 08 1 904 The same 1 688 source also has the form Garth-vrelJl, and so is undependable as to the gender ofystrad in this context. Ystrad-fach -(SN c. 647-562)[ystrad (+ bach)] ; Ystrad vach 1 782 DDE MSS, Ystrad isaf 1 79 1 sur map, Ystrad isaf, (c) Ystrad fach 1 807 Derry Ormond MS S, Ystrad vach 1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Ystrad fach 1 842TMS, Tir yr Istrad als. Ystrad fach 1 845 Derry Ormond MSS

geonyms Aberdoetbiau -(SN 777-466) [aber + hn. Doethlau] ; Ap[er] Pyscotvc c. l 1 40 LL p. 1 3 4, Aberdothie 1 803map J. Singer As can be seen from the medieval form the river below Troedrhiwcymer (32-a) was accounted to be the Pysgotwr, whilst in the Modern period it was accounted to be the Doethiau. Abertrawsnant -(SN 797-492)[aber + hn. Trawsnant]; [rabar Gwl. Jones] Abertrawsnant 1 803map J. Singer This is the spot on the river Tywi where all three counties meet, the Trawsnant stream forms the boundary of Breconshire and Carmarthenshire. Alit Cae-eithin -(SN 670-546)[allt + tn. Cae-eithin] ; Alit Cae-eithin OS 1 89 1 , Tangorallt Fields als. Caereithyn 1 9 1 9map Llanddewi Brefi Alltfedw -(SN 785-494)[allt + bedw] ; [ait'vedu J. Lewis] Gallt Fedw 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Alit y Fedw OS 1 89 1 Alltrbwch -(SN 794-49l )[allt + yr + hwch] ; [aH'ru:x J . Lewis] Coed Gallt yr Hwch 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Allt yr Hwch OS 1 89 1 Alit Llety-pwll -(SN 668-553)[allt + tn. Llety-pwllJ ; [a4t,4eti'wdjam in£] Alit Lletty-pwll OS 1 891 Y Bane -(SN 71 8-53 5)[y + bane]; [a'bagk E. Morgan]

inf Bane Abernant -(SN 783-499)[banc + tn. Abernant] ; Bane Abernant, Abernant (prox. ) 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0

Bancau-duon -(SN 688-533)[banciau + duon] ; Banciau Duon 08 1 891 , Bancau Duon (al. loc.) 0 8 1 982, Bane y Duon (Deon) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones loc. nearer Blaenrhisgog [OSI982] ; The explanation by deon (1 987 W. P. Ll. Jones] is popular etymology, known to T. Rowland & R 0. Jones [ 1 883 : 1 34] who emphasised that OS field examiners should be wary of confusing duon (pl) 'black' with deon 'dean'. Bane-bach -(SN 701 -53 7)[banc + bach]; Bane bach 1 987 W.P.LlJones Bancbetin -(SN 743-5 12)[banc + y + betin] ; [bnm'betm J. Lewis, bam'betm E. Morgan, bagk'betig E. Hughes] Bryn y B ieting 1 791 sur map, Bank Betting c. 1 850map Brynambor Bane Bronbyrfau -(SN 71 2-529)[banc + tn. Bronbyrfau (32-a)] ; Bane Bon-borfa OS 1 89 1 , Bane Bronbyrfe OS 1 904 Bane Brynmeinog -(SN 662-529)[banc + tn. Brynmeinog (32-a)] ; [bagkbran'mejn;,g H. T. Davies] Brynmeiniog 1 839TMS Banc-y-crug -(SN 668-5 3 1 )[banc + tn. Crug (32-a)] ; [bagka'kri:g J. T. Rees, peg'kri:g J. Davies] Crygin 1 791 sur map, Crug OS 1 8 1 9, Crug 08 1 834, Criig OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-crug 1 924-26 CSRLS 34, Bane y Crug 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 14 Bancdu -(SN 73 7-522)[banc + du] ; Bane Du OS 1 89 1 Banc-y-gribin -(SN 792-501 ) [bane + y + cribin] ; 523

(32) PENNARDD Bane y Gribbin 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0 Bane Gwngoed -(SN 68 1 -569)[banc + tn. Gwngoed (32-a)]; Llethr mawr OS 1 8 1 9, Bane y Gwyngoed OS 1 834, Cam Penllethir 1 839TMS, Garn-y-Gwngoed 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 1 5 Bane Hendre-dail -(SN 794-S l O)[banc + tn. Hendre-dailt [hendre'dajl Gwl. Jones] Bane Hendre'r Dail OS 1 904 Banemelyn-baeh -(SN 786- S l O)[banc + melyn + bach] ; Bankmelyn bach 1 840TMS Banesych(i) -(SN 695-532)(Penfedw)[banc + sych] ; Bank Sych 1 79 1 sur map, Bane Nant y Fedw, Bane Pen Fedw, Mynydd Penfedw 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones Ban esyeh(ii) -(SN 681 -5 1 5)(Cerryg-y-belau)[banc + sych] ; Bank Sych 1 79 1 sur map Bane Tynllwyn -(SN 652-540) [banc + tn. Tynllwyn (32-a)]; Bane Tynllwyn 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Beddau'rproffwydi -(SN 682-545)[beddau + yr + proffwydi]; Beddau'r Prophwydi 1 909 CAST vol. l p. 57, Beddau'r Proffwydi 1 927 T.Lewis p. 89 Five tumps [ 1 927 T. Lewis: 89] ; . . . ar lechwedd rhedynog godre Craigifan saif pump o godiadau amlwg o dywod, yn mesur tua saith Hath o hyd wrth bump o led . . . " [1 979a E. Jones: 1 1 5]. The burden of pro.ffivydi 'prophets' is not clear but seems to have a Biblical allusion; cf Pont Rhyd-y-cyif](32-b). Bigwm-faeh -(SN 666-5 3 0) [migwrn + bach] ; Bigwrn filch OS 1 89 1 , Bigwrn 0Sc. l 950, Bigwrn fach OS 1 982 This is less likely to be bigurn pl. bi'g�rne the central Cardiganshire form of migwrn 'ankle', than a reanalysis of the word pegwn 'beacon', and this is made all the more likely by the fact that bach lenites after it. Another example ofpegwn reanalysed as bigwrn is Bigwrneithin (unloc., Hen:fYnyw) [ 1832.MR Llyswen], which appears to mean 'gorse beacon', cf Daseithin (63-a). Blaenbrefi -(SN 7 1 4-5 54) [blaen + hn. Brefi] ; Blaen Brefi 1 839TMS Blaenhimant -(SN 687-553)(blaen + tn. Hirnant] ; Blaen Hirnant 1 79 1 sur map Blaen Nantrbiw -(SN 766-53 8)[blaen + hn. Nantrhiw] ; Blaen Nant-y-rhiw OS 1 904 Brynberw -(SN 7 1 4-505)[bryn + tn. [Llyn]berw[-bach] (32-b)]; (br�m,beru'mowr + 'ba:x; E. Jones(i)] Brynberw 1 79 1 sur map The use of berw 'cress' as a qualifier to bryn 'hill' seems unlikely, so that it seems likely that Brynberw is a reduction of *Bryn Llynberw (see the nearby Llynberw-bach, 32-b). Brynbrawd -(SN 698-5 1 9)[bryn + y + brawd] ; [bnm'brawd C. Jones, br�m'brawd E. Jones(i), br�n'blawd J. Davies, br�n'blawd H. T. Davies] Bryn Brawd OS 1 8 1 9, Bryn Brawd OS 1 834 The term brawd 'brother' usually refers to a monk in Welsh toponymy, but as there were no known monastic lands in Llanddewi Brefi parish in the later Middle Ages we are tempted to view the alternative realisations Brynblawd as perhaps preserving the original form of the name. However, I believe it is likelier that these realisations are a reanalysis of Brynbrawd, helped by dissimilation with bryn, the monks alluded to may well be the Welsh monks of the original monastic clas of Llanddewi Brefi which existed before the final conquest of Ceredigion in the thirteenth century, cf Corsmynach (32-b). Bryn Cae-lluest -(SN 655-532) [bryn + tn. Cae-lluest] ; (cl 3 5) Bryn Cae Lluest 1 83 9TMS, Bryn Cae Llyast 1 875 Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 5 The 'mountains in Gorwydd called' Bryn Cae Llyast and Brynmynydd 'and known as Iibert of Gorwydd . . . had a sheperd to look after them' [ 187 5 Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths: 1 5] . Bryneatei -(SN 697-506)(bryn + y + catel] ; Bryn Cattel OS1 834 Brynclogau -(SN 697-494)[bryn + clogau] ; [brrgkd'oge E. Jones(i)] Bryn y Glogog 1 79 1 sur map, Bryn Ceiliogau OS 1 834, Brynyglogog c. 1 879map ECE SD 92 "

524

(32) PENNARDD The present form of the name assumes ceiliogau, an older plural of ceiliog than ceiliogod, but this appears to be a reanalysis of clogau, and as with the similar name Penglogau (43-a) there appears to be variation in the suffiXes between clogog and clogau. Bryncoch -(SN 674- 5 1 2)[bryn + coch] ; [b�n'ko:z H. T. Davies] Bryn Coch OS 1 834, Moelfryn 1 839TMS Bryncrach -(SN 7 1 9-555) [bryn + crach] ; [br�n'kra:z D. Jones(i)] in£ Rough land [ 1 987 W. P. Ll. Jones] . Bryn Craig-yr-hwch -(SN 69 1 -5 54)[bryn + craig + yr + hwch] ; [garn J. Davies] Bryn Craig yr Hwch 1 79 1 sur map Bryncroes -(SN 71 7-542) [bryn + croes]; [bri{J'kro:s D. Jones(i)] in£ Bryndafaden -(SN 694-498)[bryn + dafaden ?]; Brynspyddaden 1 875 Eccl.Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 9, Brynspyddadena 1 875map Blaentwrch, Bryn Dafaden OS 1 89 1 The 1 875 forms suggest the original element was ysbyddaden 'hawthorn-tree' (L. Crataegus monogyna), cf Tonsbyddaden (Ystradgynlais, Brees.), Ton Spavaden 1 729, Ton Speyddaden 1 769 [1969a M. Richards: 190] . There existed two identical names in Carmarthenshire, namely Bryn Ysbethaden 1 5 80-8 1 (unloc., Kidwelly) and Bryn Yspyddaden (Llandybie) (1993 J. c. Grooms: 236]. The replacement of word ysbyddad 'hawthorn' in spoken Welsh by the collocation drain gwynion, and its ensuing obsolescence made it vulnerable to replacement by a similar sounding, but commoner dafaden 'wart'. I do not believe dafaden like nW. dafedyn 'sheep' - refers to a 'sheep', which I know of only as dafad in Cardiganshire Welsh; cf. Esgairstafaden (32-b). Brynddalfa -(SN 767-534)[bryn + y + dalfa] ; [brm'alva J. Jones] Bryn-ddalfa 1 876map Brithdir, Brynolfa 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones Bryndu(i) -(SN 695-570)(Bwlchraethnen) [bryn + du] ; [br�n'di: J. Williams, brm'di: I. Jones] Bryn Du OS 1 8 1 9, Bryn Du OS1 834 Bryndu(ii) -(SN 680-5 1 7)(Rhyd-yr-henfon)[bryn + du] ; [br�n'di: H. T. Davies] Bryn Du OS 1 834, Brynddu 1 875map Blaentwrch Bryndu(iii) -(SN 724-548)(Llethr)[bryn + du] ; [brm'di: (IeBer) D. Jones(i)] in£ Bryndu(iv) -(SN 774-526)(Carnsaithwraig)[bryn + du] ; [brm'di: J. Jones] in£ Bryndu(v) -(SN 758-556)(Esgairfforch)[bryn + duJ; [brm'di: J. Jones] Bryn Du (sic loc. ) OS 1 834 Bryndyfran -(SN 752-495) [bryn + hn. Dyfran] ; [brm'd�vran J. Lewis] Bryn Dyfran list J. Lewis, Difran 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones There are some ruins in the vicinity, but I believe Dyfran primarily refers to the stream of that name. Bryngarreglwyd -(SN 708-53 1 )[bryn + y + carreg + llwyd] � [br�n'owen J. Davies] Bryn Garreg-lwyd OS 1 834 Cf. Brynywain (32-a). Brynglas -(SN 676-521)[bryn + glas] ; [brm'gla:s H. T. Davies] Bryn Glas OS 1 89 1 Bryngorlan -(SN 748-541 )[bryn + y + corlan] ; [pembrm'g�rlan D. Jones(i)] Bryn y Gorlan OS 1 904 Bryngwyddyl -(SN 73 1 -523) [bryn + y + gwyddel] ; y [i] Ben Rhiw r Gwyddil 1 700Y4 in 1 65 3 Neuadd-fawr MSS p.475, Bryn Gwyddel OS 1 89 1 Bryngwyn -(SN 704-543) [bryn + gwyn] ; Bryngwyn 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones Brynhir -(SN 764-542)[bryn + hir] ; [brm'hi:r J. Jones] in£ Bryn Lanwenith -(SN 671-554)[bryn + ? ]; Bryn Lanwenith 1 79 1 sur map -

525

(32) PENNARDD As this constitutes the projection of rocky mountain land closest to Llanddewi Brefi churcl\ it is an

improbable place to be qualified by gwenith 'wheat'. It is very tempting to interpret Lanwenith as a garbled form of llawenydd (cf Llawemeg (71-a) interpreted as Llanwemog, and the hn. Llawenog (Denbs.) as Llanwenog) which is made all the more tempting by a line from Gwynfardd Frycheinog's poem 'Rhoddes Duw Dofydd, de.fnydd o 'i foli, I Dewi ar Ureui, uryn llewenyt ... ' 'The Lord God established a cause for his praise, Dewi on Bref� the hill ofjoy . . . " [fl. l 1 70(c. l 400) Hendreg. : 200 (translation and punctuation after 1994 K. A Bramley et al. 26. 1 08-D9) ], the bryn llawenydd ('hill of joy') is equated by K. A. Bramley et al. [ 1 994: 468] with the miraculous rising of the ground under the feet of Saint David (W. Dewi) at the synod of Brefi. We are fairly safe in discounting the rising of a hill under the feet of Saint David, and if bryn llawenydd was a reference to a genuine place-name it may well have been to this spot 700m away from the church. The name Brynllawenydd is found in Anglesey, and in the C.tns. Barlowenna (Gulval) [ 1 985 P. A s. Pool: 37] , Barlewanna (Cl.liY), Barlowennath (St Hilary), which 0. J. Padel [ 1 985: 33, 244] derives from bron 'hill', and B .tns. Brelevenez (Cl400(£1 700) Ravenna Cosmography 1 0825 (R&C 54) in 1 979 PNRB pA62, Kae'r Kestilh 1 722 E.Lhuyd col 770, Cae Gwyrfil (prox. ) 1 782 DDE MSS, Cae'r Castell 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.273 , Loventium 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 272, Caer Cestish 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. l 306, Caer Castell, Loventium OS 1 8 1 9, Caer Castell OS 1 8 34, Cae Gwerft1 (prox.) 1 842TMS, Cae'r Castell, Loventium (Roman Station), (site of) OS 1 89 1 , Caer Gwyrvil (prox. ) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 247, Cae Gwyrfil (prox. ) c. 1 902 E .RHorsfall-Turner p. 248, Castell (site of) OS 1 904, Brernia Roman Fort (site of) O S 1 982 Bremia (to gives its Roman designation) was established as an auxiliary fort in 70s AD, abandoned c. l 30 AD [1994 J. L Davies: 304]; " Ploughing has virtually obliterated all traces of the fort other than a short length of scarp on the line of the western defences east of the farmhouse, whilst a slightly dished area in Cae'r Castell marks the site of the principia. " [ 1 994 J. L Davies: 303]; the name Bremia did not disappear, but under its modern guise - Brefi - removed to the site of Llanddewi Brefi, see hn. Brennig(ii). The nearby Cae-Gwerjj;/, with the f pn. Gweifyl has only been quoted because it was thought by the nineteenth­ century antiquarian E. R Horsfall-Turner [c. l 902: 247] to be an inverse form of milwyr 'soldiers', referring to Roman soldiers connected with the fort; see 1 96 1 W. H. Davies 'The Romans in Cardiganshire' in CER volA pp. 86-95 and 1 994 J. L. Davies pp. 3 02-06. The mistaken equation of this site with the ancient Louentium, presumably because of a slight similarity of Louentium with at Llanio (32-a) was first made by E. Lhuyd, who stated "otherwise read Lovantium" [ 1722: 770] . Cae-fforest -(SN 677-547)[cae + yr + fforest] ; Cae Fforest OS 1 891 This is no doubt related to the deer-park that was once around the mansion of Faelallt; cf Gwarparc (32-

a). Cae-wenlli -(SN 664-549)[cae + ? ]; [ka:'wenli C. Jones, J. T. Rees] Caenwenlli 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 57, Caerwenlli 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 1 1 For the meaning of gwenlli, see sub Camwenlli (18-a). Camsaithwraig -(SN 771 -529) [carn + y + saith + gwraig] ; [gar,saj8'wrajg, garn'vowr J. Jones] Cam OS 1 82 1 , Cam y Saith Wrach 1 840TMS, Carn y South Wrach c. 1 875map ECE SD 94, Garn fawr 1 876map Brithdir, Cam Saith-Wraig O S 1 891 It is said that these were seven maids carrying stones in their aprons (W. ffedogau), who let these stones fall, leaving the cairn that now stands, cf Gam-:fach(ii) [ inf J Jones] . This local tradition reminds one of the comparison of cairns to giantesses' apronfuls (see sub Llech-y-gawres, 3-b), and in some cases it is not a giantess but a witch that was said to be carrying an apronful of stones, e.g. Aiffedogaed y Wrdch noted by E. Lhuyd [c. l700: 1 . 97], which makes all the more probable that the form of 1 840 Cam y Saith Wrach was the original form of this name, a form later 'improved'. Carn-y-trifllwr -(SN 670-5 1 3)[cam + y + *triffiwr ? ]; Cam y Triffiwr 1 839TMS, Camvtryffiur 1 875map Blaentwrch One hesitates to invoke an otherwise unattested word, but the last element seems to stand for *trifllwr (adapted from E. trifler) with a meaning 'one who trifles with/meddles' - most probably with boundaries of mountain land claims. It must be remembered that some 400m sw there was in the nineteenth century a lively contention between the inhabitants of Llanfair Clywedogau and Llanddewi Brefi parish as to the boundaries betwen their respective territories, in which cairns served as landmarks. The possibility that the forms above represent a garbled form of triphlwyf 'three parishes' does not seem so engaging, for the meeting of the parishes of Llanddewi Brefi, Llanfair Clywedogau and Caeo (Carms.) lies some 600m SE of Cam-y-trifllwr (though boundary changes preceding the nineteenth century cannot be ruled out - note the area called Groes (32-b) immediately below this site). Carreg Bwlchgwynt -(SN 765-490)[carreg + tn. Bwlchgwynt]; Garreg Bwlchgwynt list J. Lewis .

527

(32) PENNARDD Carreg-y-dwr -(SN c. 677-525)[carreg + y + dWt-] ; Carreg y Dwr 1 79 1 sur map, Bryn Du-bach OS 1 89 1 Carreg-gath -(SN 773-477)[carreg + y + cath] ; [gareg 'ka:S J. Lewis] Careg y Gath OS 1 89 1 , Carreg-gath list J. Lewis Carreg-y-groes -(SN 663-5 1 3 )[carreg + y + croes]; Garreg y Groes 1 85 9Encl map Llanfair Clywedogau The term croes here seems to have some reference to a boundary between Llanddewi Brefi and Mebwynion lordships, this also being the boundary between the parishes of Llanddewi and Llanfair Clywedogau; see Groes (32-b). Carreg Llety'resgob -(SN 764-497)[carreg + tn. Llety'resgob] ; [kareg,letir'esk�b J. Lewis] Carreg Llety'r Esgob list J. Lewis This was a rock shaped like a pulpit [inf. J. Lewis ] , the allusion to esgob rather than to offeiriad is due to the fact that it was situated in Fforestresgob (32-b). Castellcamddwr -(SN c. 77 1 -566)[castell + hn. Camddwr]; [kastcl'kaml5ur Gwl. Jones] Castell (sic loc.) 1 803map J.Singer, Castell 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 268, Castell Camddwr 1 979a E.Jones p.92 Near R.hyd-y-meirch (32-a), built on marshy ground near river [ 1979a E. Jones: 92 ] ; it was at the top of a small ascent (rhiw) ofDdolgam, an earthen castle surrounded by water [inf. Gwl. Jones] . Cefn Cnwcheithinog -(SN 753-506)[cefn + tn. Cnwcheithinog (32-a)]; [knaper'knu:x J. Jones, keven 'knu:x 'tair esgair' J. Lewis] Cefn Llethr Garw 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Cefn Cnwc Eithinog OS 1 834, Cefn Cnwch Eithinog OS 1 904, Cefn-cnwch list J. Lewis Cefn Cnwchgwyn -(SN 760-520)[cefu + tn. Cnwchgwyn (3 2 a)] ; [keven,knu:x'gwm J. Lewis] inf Cefngwair -(SN 787-497)[cefu + y + gwair] ; [bauk'gwajr N. Jones, D. Hughes, I. Jones, karn'geven N. Jones] (c) Cae yr Cefn, Cefn Lletty Gleison 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-10, Cefngwair 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones The gwair 'hay' refers to gwair-rhos or gwair-cwta (E. sheep'sfescue, L. Festuca ovina) and purple moor grass (L. Molinia caerulea) [inf. D. Hughes] . Cefn Henfaes -(SN 773-492)[cefn + tn. Henfaes (32-a)]; [knaper'henvas J. Lewis] Cefn yr Henfaes 1 8 1 5 sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Cnape 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones Cefn-isa -(SN 772-546)[cefn + isaf]; [keven'iJa Gwl. Jones] Cefu isaf OS 1 904 Cefn Rhiwcymer -(SN 76 1 -489)[cefn + tn. Rhiwcymer] ; Cefn Rhiw Commau 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0 Cefn Wennallt -(SN 765-530)[ cefu + tn. Wennallt (32-b)] ; [keven'wenaH J. Jones] -

inf.

Cerryg-y-belau -(SN c. 680-527)[cerrig + y + belau]; [keng�'bele Gl. Davies, hnw,keng�'bele (prox.) H. T. Davies] Cerrig-Bela OS 1 834 Y cerryg fan hyn yn wahanol i bob man arall, yr un lliw a hufen [inf M. Davies] Cerrygcadno -(SN 677-544)[cerrig + y + cadno] ; [keng 'kadn:l Gl. Davies] Cerrig Cadno 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones These rocks were so named because of their colour [inf Gw. Jones] . Cerrygcucyll -(SN 701 -5 1 2)[cerrig + y + cudyll] ; [keng'lurd I. Jenkins (Bwlch-llan)] Cerrig Cirrill l 79 1 sur map, Carreg Curyll 0Sc. 1 950 Cf Cerrygffordd (32-b). Cerrygcyplau -(SN c. 684-525) [cerrig + y + cyplau] ; Cerig Cyplau OS 1 89 1 These were doubtlessly named because they formed a V-shape similar t o two rafters supporting a roof, cf Cerrygcyplau (SN 86-63, Llanwrthwl, Brees.) where the rocks clearly show this feature. Cercygffordd -(SN 709- 5 1 2) [cerrig + y + ffordd] ; Cerrig y Ffordd 1 840TMS, Cerig Ffordd OS I 89 1 , Craig Curyll (sic) OS 1 904 Cf Cerrygcuryll (32-b). Cerrygnaint -(SN 774-5 l l ) [cerrig + y + naint]; [keng'najnt, i,gerig'nejnt J. Jones] 528

(32) PENNARDD inf A piece of land between two streams [inf J. Jones] . Cerrygsgwamog -(SN 742-545)[cerrig + yr + ysgyfamog] ; [hnp,keng 'skwarn�g D. Jones(i)] Cerig Ysgyfarnog OS 1 904 Cerrygtan -(SN 768-502)[cerrig + y + tan] ; [keng 'ta:n J. Lewis] Cerrigtan 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Explained as "llwybr ce:ffyl a'r graig yn y golwg, a phedolau'r ce:ffylau'n fflachio din wrth fynd drosto. " (1987 W. P. Ll. Jones ] ; cf Pencreigau'rtan (78-b). Cerrygtywi -(SN 778-467)[cerrig + hn. Tywi] ; [ker1g'towi J. Lewis, I. Williams, towi'fo:lz J. Lewis] Creigiau Tywi 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 0. Cnaptwlc -(SN 774- 5 1 6)[cnap + y + twlc] ; [knap'tulk J. Jones] inf Cnepyngors -(SN 753-509)[cnepyn + y + cors]; [klepm�'g;)rs J. Lewis, knepm'g �rs J. Jones] Clipyn Gors list J. Lewis Cnepynmelyn -(SN 779-477) [cnepyn + melyn] ; [kleprrn'melm J. Lewis, knepm'melm J. Jones] Cefn Penrhiwbie 1 8 1 5sur map pp. l 08- 1 0, Cnapyn Melyn OS 1 904, Clepyn Melyn list J. Lewis Cnepyn Tirda -(SN 759-498)[cnepyn + tn. Tirda]; [knepmti·r'da: J. Jones, klepmJi·r'da: J. Lewis] Clepyn Tir Da list J. Lewis Cnwch -(SN 742-533 ?)[cnwch] ; [knu:z D. Jones(i)] a Chnwch y Gwyddil ? 1 7001;4 in 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MSS p.475 Cf Bryngwyddyl (32-b). Cnwcb-mawr -(SN 683-538) [cnwch + mawr]; [knu:z'mowr J. Davies] Tir y Knwch 1 688 Bronwydd MSS, Cnwch mawr 1 79 1 sur map, Cnwc mawr OS 1 834, 'sheepwalk' Guwch maior 1 857 Derry Ormond MSS, Tynycnwch, Caenwch 1 9thcent. Lucas MS 2073, Cnwch mawr OS 1 904, Gnwch mawr OS 1 982, Craig Cnwch mawr 1 987 W.P .Ll.Jones Cnwcb Nantiwan -(SN 759-536) [cnwch + tn. Nantiwan (32-a)]; [knu:z,nant'IWan J. Jones] inf Cnwc-yr-oerfa -(SN 732-546)[cnwc + yr + oerfa] ; [knok�'r�rva D. Jones(i)] inf Cnycynbeto -(SN 66 1 -544)[cnycyn + fpn. Beto]; [knukm'beb M. Davies] Bryn Hir 1 79 1 sur map, Cnwcyn Beto 1 93 6 in 1 992 Barcud n. 1 6 1 , fpn. Mari Cnwcbetto 1 93 7 LlCCLl p.27 Coed-y-fraich -(SN 773-483) [ coed + y + braich]; [ko:d�'vrajz, the top called bla·n,ko·d(�)'vrajz J. Lewis] Coed y Fraich, Blaen Coed y Fraich list J. Lewis Corfbriannau -(SN 788-490)[corf + hn. Briannau]; GorofBrianne OS 1 891 A wood. Com-bach -(SN 691 - 5 1 2) [com + bach]; Com-bach 1 79 1 sur map Compica -(SN 693 - 5 1 3)[com + pica]; Com Picca 1 79 1 sur map Cors Blaencothi -(SN 700-490)[cors + tn. Blaencothi (32-a)] ; Cors Blaen-Cothi O S 1 89 1 Cors Bryndu -(SN 675- 5 1 6)[cors + tn. Bryndu] ; Cors Bryn Du OS 1 89 1 Cors Brynglas -(SN 670- 5 1 9)[cors + tn. Brynglas] ; Cors Bryn-glas OS 1 89 1 Cors Brynmoel -(SN 694-528)[cors + tn. Brynmoel] ; [g�rs,br�'mo:l H . T . Davies] Cors Bryn-moel OS 1 904 A place where peat was cut [inf H. T. Davies] . Cors Brynywain -(SN 700-53 1 )[ cors + tn Brynywain (32-a)] ; Gors Brin Orren 1 839TMS Cors-y-clochydd -(SN 681-554)[cors + y + clochydd]; Gors y Clochydd 1 79 1 sur map, Cors y Clochydd OS 1 904 529

(32) PENNARDD Corsddalfa -(SN 688- 5 1 8)[cors + y + da1fa] ; (g:lrS':llva E. Jones, g :lrs'i5alva H. T. Davies] Gorse Dda1fa 1 875 Eccl.Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 4, Gorse Ddalva 1 875 Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 6, Gorseda1fa, Gorsyda1fa {added} 1 875map Blaentwrch, Cors y Dda1fa OS 1 89 1 , Figyn Llanddewi 'by some' 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 09 This was the bog where Llanddewi Brefi villagers dug peat [ 1 979a E. Jones: 109] . Corsebrill -(SN 686-56 1 )[cors + n. Ebrillt [k:lrs'ebrd p. c. Gw. Jones] inf The significance of Ebrill April with cors may be that this area was only considered a true bog in April, following a wet winter. However, no other Cardiganshire name appears to contain a month as an element (see sub Ynysgweithfoed, 75-a); cf Ysgorebrill (SH 81 -68, Eglwys-bach, Denbs.), noted Esgairebrill on OS maps [ 1 945 I. Williams: 79] . Daffodils are called april in the English area of Flintshire [1994 H. W. Owen: 144], and one is reminded of W. llygaid ebrill 'lesser celandine, pilewort' (L. Ranunculusficaria). Cors-y-gam -(SN 684-5 3 1 ) [cors + y + earn] ; Cors y Gam OS 1 89 1 Corsmynach -(SN 754-520)[cors + y + mynach]; [g:lrs'manaz J . Lewis] y [i] Gorse Mynach 1 70014 in 1 65 3 Neuadd-fawr MSS Cf Brynbrawd (32-b). Cors Pant-y-ceirw -(SN 720-509)[cors + tn Pant-y-ceirw] ; [k:lrs,panb'kejru Gl. Davies] Tyr Pant y Kyrw 1 65 8 Edwinsford MSS p.3 58, Cors Pant y Ceirw 1 840TMS, Cors-Pant-y-coirw 1 879map ECE SD 9 1 Cors Pwllci -(SN 755-5 1 1 )[ cors + tn. Pwllci] ; [g:lrs,pul'ki: J . Lewis] Cors Pwll-y-ci (sic loc.) OS 1 904 Mislocated some 2km SE [os 1 904] . Craigcastell -(SN 790-482)[craig + y + castell]; [grajg'kastcl J. Lewis] Carreg Castell list J. Lewis Craig Clungwyn -(SN 776-472)[craig + tn Clungwyn (32-a)] ; [krajg,khu'gwm, peugrajg,kliQ'QWin adj. mountain J. Lewis] Craig Clyngwyn OS1 891 Craig Cnwchglas -(SN 768-493) [craig + tn. Cnwchglas (32-a)] ; [grajg ,knu:z'gla:s J. Lewis] Craig Cnwc-glas OS 1 89 1 , Craig Cnwch Glas OS 1 904 Craigcuryii -(SN 679-542)[craig + y + cudyll]; [krajg'k1rd Gl. Davies, M. Davies] Craig y Cirrill 1 79 1 sur map, Craig y Cidyll O S 1 834, Craig Cudyll OS 1 89 1 , Craig Curyll OS 1 904, a Chraig y Curyll 1 93 6 in 1 992 Barcud n. l 6 1 , Bane Craig Curyl1 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Craig-y-faelallt -(SN 672-550)[ craig + tn. Faelallt (32-a)] ; Craig y Voelallt 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 267, Craig y Foelallt OS 1 89 1 Llanddewi Brevi braith I Lle brevodd yr ych naw gwaith I Hyd nes holltodd craig y Voelallt [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 267] ; "Dywed lien y werin, mai llusgo ceryg at yr eglwys yr ydoedd y ddau ych banog; i un o honynt gwympo dros ryw graig a marw, ac i'r llall frefu ar ei ol nes iddo yntau drengi; ac nid wyf yn credu fod neb yn y plwyf [Llanddewi Brefi] heb glywed y llinellau hyn:- 'Llanddewi Brefi fraith, I Lie brefodd yr ych naw gwaith, I Nes holltodd Craig y Foelallt. ' [ 1861 Brython: 41 7] ; "But it is now made Llan Ddewi Brefi braith, with the mutation disregarded. " [ 1 90 1 J. Rhys: 578] ; in this rhyme it is connected with the Ychen Bannog, cf Cwys-yr-ychenbannog (33-b). Craigifan -(SN 683-546)[craig + pn. Ifan] ; [grajg 'ivan J. Davies] Craig Evan OS 1 834, Craig Ifan OS 1 89 1 , Rocks of Ifan 1 927 T.Lewis p.90, Craig Ifan 1 936 in 1 992 Barcud n. l 6 1 Craig Nantiwrch -(SN 766-527)[craig + hn. Nantiwrch] ; Craig Nant Iwrch OS1 904, Craig Nantwrch 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Craig-yr-olchfa -(SN 764-494)(craig + yr + golchfa] ; [grajga'r:llzva J. Lewis] Craig yr 0 lchfa list J. Lewis Craig Pysgotwr -(SN 753-490)[craig + hn. Pysgotwr] ; Craig Pysgotwr OS 1 834 Craig Troedrhiwcymer -(SN 762-486)[craig + tn. Troedrhiwcymer (32-a)] ; [grajg ,tnw'kamer J. Lewis] Ben y Graig list J. Lewis Creigau-bach(i) -(SN 726-52 1)(Dol-las)[creigiau + bach]; '

'

"

530

(32) PENNARDD Creigiau bach OS 1 89 1 Creigau-bach(ii) -(SN 693-552)(Carnau)[ creigiau + bach] ; [krejge'ba:x, D . Jones(i), J. Davies] inf Cribinau -(SN 708-556) [cribinau]; [kn'bme D. Jones(i)] Cribinau OS 1 834 Cumau Bronbyrfau -(SN 735-53 6)[curnau + tn. Bronbyrfau (32-a)J; [k�rne Gl. Davies, k�rne,b:>m'b�rve D. Jones(i)] Cyrnau O S 1 834 Cumau Doethiau-fach -(SN 748-549)[curnau + tn. Doethiau-fach (32-a)] ; [k�rne,Si·e'va:x, D. Jones(i)] Cyrnau OS1 904 Cwar-y-colej -(SN 650-547)[cwar + y + colej]; [kwar,wern'driW C. Jones] Cwar y Coletsh 'yw i enw hyd heddi' 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 1 46, Y Cwar bach c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 969/26, Quarry OS 1 982 This quarry was begun when there were plans afo ot for establishing a college here in the early nineteenth century [1 934 D. Jenkins: 146], later this institution was established at Llanbedr to become Cole) Llanbedr (23-a). Cwmtwrch -(SN 683-502)[cwm + hn. Twrch] ; [kom'dorx, H. T. Davies] Cwm Twrch OS 1 89 1 Cyfyngau -(SN 771 -474)[cyfyngau]; [k� ' v�ue I . Williams] inf The constriction of the Doethlau about Pont Cafnglas (32-b); cf Cyfyngau (SN 71-46, Caeo, Carms.), g:>'v�ne [inf. D. Davies], k�'v�ue, ko'v�ue [inf I. Williams], mistakenly written Cyfyngle on OS maps. Ddisgwylfa -(SN 703-5 1 7)[disgwylfa]; [skolva p.c. Gw. Jones] Disgwylfa OS 1 83 4, Disgwylfa Bon-borfa + Disgwylfa Draenllwyn-du 08 1 89 1 , Disgwylfa Bronbyrfe + Disgwylfa Draenllwyn Du OS 1 904 Ddolgam -(SN 668-552)[y + dol + cam] ; [eio:l 'g am inf ] Ffynnon y Ddol Gam 1 98 1 M. Jones p. 3 1 , Dolgam 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion This is commonland [ 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion] . Ddwyffos -(SN 74 1 -522)[y + dwy + ffos]; Y Draws-ffoes ? 1 700% in 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Ddwy Ffos 1 79 1 sur map Cf Draws.ffos (SN 82-70, Cwmteuddwr, Rads.), a tributary of the river Claerwen. Deri-mawr -(SN 770-480)[deri + mawr] ; [deri'mowr J. Lewis] Deri mawr list J. Lewis Dolfelin -(SN 660-554)[dol + y + melin]; Dolfelin 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion This is commonland [ 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion] . Esgairbedd -(SN 753-506)[ esgair + y + bedd] ; [esker' be:� J. Lewis] Esgair Bedd list J. Lewis Esgairborfa -(SN 755-499) [esgair + y + porfa]; [esker'b:>rva J. Lewis] Esgair Borfa list J. Lewis "An:fynych y gwelir porfa yn tyfu ar yr esgair. " [ 1 987 W. P. Ll. Jones] . Esgairbyrfau -(SN 746-5 5 1 )[esgair + y + ? ]; [esker'b�rve, esker'berve D. Jones(i)] inf The loss of final is not regular in this area, but compare the realisation sker'berven for Esgairbeifedd (34�b); cf sub Bronbyifau (32-a). Esgaircerryg -(SN 754- 566)[esgair + y + cerrig]; [esker'keng D. Jones, J. Jones] Llyest Esker y Kerrig 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D.T.MJones MSS vo1.4 p. 766, y [i] Ben-y-cerrig, Esker Cerrig 1 700% Neuadd-fawr MSS, Esgair Cerrig O S 1 834, Esgair Cerig OS 1 89 1 Esgaircerrygllwydon -(SN 757-496)[esgair + y + cerrig + llwydion] ; (esker,keng'lojdan J . Lewis] Carns O S 1 8 1 9, Bryn Carreg Lwyd + Erect Stone OS 1 82 1 , Carnau OS 1 89 1 , Cairns + standing stone OS 1 982, Esgair Cerrig Llwydion list J. Lewis Esgairfforch -(SN 760-553)[esgair + y + fforch]; Esker y Fforch ? 1 668/69 Glansevin MSS, Esker y Fforch 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.MJones MSS vo1.4 p. 766, Esgair-Fforch OS 1 834 531

(32) PENNARDD Esgair Ffosgwellau -(SN 757-5 1 3) [esgair + hn Ffosgwellau] ; [eskerJo·s�'gwcle J. Lewis] Esger Gwar y Cae 1 8 1 5sur map, Esgair Ffos y Gwelle list J. Lewis, Esgair Ffos Gwellau list E. James The cae being an enclosure of 14 acres called Cae Rhiw Goch [ 1 81 5 sur map], possibly being where Cnwcheithinog's mountain hay was cut; cf Rhiwgoch (32-b). Esgair Garregwen -(SN 754-503)[esgair + tn. Garregwen] ; [esker,gareg'wen J. Lewis] Esgair Garregwen list J. Lewis Esgairgoch(i) -(SN 671 - 528)(Crug)[esgair + coch]; [�sker'go:x H. T. Davies] Esgir Goch 1 79 l sur map, Esgair Goch OS1 834 Esgairgoch(ii) -(SN 777-533)(Brithdir)[yr + esgair + coch] ; [esker'go:x J. Jones] Rhesgergoch 1 875map Brithdir Esgairgwair -(SN 762-5 08)[esgair + y + gwair] ; [esker'gwajr J. Lewis] Esgair Gwair OS 1 834, Esger Gwair list J. Lewis Esgairhir(i) -(SN 756-561 )(Esgaircerryg)[esgair + hir] ; [esker'hi:r D. Jones] Llest yr Eskyn Hir 1 69 1 CD 79, Esgair-Hir OS 1 834, Esgair H'rr OS 1 89 1 Esgairhir(ii) -(SN 687-549)(Graig) [esgair + hir] ; Esgair Htr OS 1 89 1 Esgairhir(iii) -(SN 708-556)(Rhos-y-glo)[esgair + hirJ; [esker'hi:r (kum) D. Jones(i)] inf Esgairlywys -(SN 687-556)(esgair + pn. Lywys] ; Esgir Lewis 1 79 1 sur map Esgair Llethr -(SN 726-543)[esgair + tn. Llethr (32-a)]; [�'resker D. Jones(i)] Esgair Llethr OS 1 834 Esgairllwybrau -(SN 754-5 1 6)[esgair + y + llwybrau]; [esker'lujbre J. Lewis, E. Hughes] Esgair Llwybrau c. 1 850map Brynambor Esgairmain -(SN 7 1 5- 5 1 5)[esgair + y + main] ; Esgair Maen OS 1 834 Esgair Nantgruffudd -(SN 765-560)[esgair + hn Nantgruffudd] ; [esker,nant'gr�fd� D. Jones] inf Esgair Rhiwlosg -(SN 759-49 1)[esgair + tn. Rhiwlosg] ; [esker,hnw'l:lsk J. Lewis] inf Esgairstafaden -(SN 7 1 6-560)[esgair + ? ] ; [eskersta'vaden D. Jones(i)] inf Though we have not enough documentary forms to decide on this obscure name, I would not be surprised if stafaden would represent a developed form of ysbyddaden 'hawthorn-tree', that tree-name being no longer recognised by local speakers, cf Bryndafaden (32 a) ; see hn. Nant Esgairstafaden (d). Esgair Tir-bach -(SN 738-538) [esgair + tn. Tir-bach (32-a)] ; [esker,ti:r'ba:x D. Jones(i)] inf Esgairwen(i) -(SN 742-520)(Nantgwernog)[ esgair + gwen]; Esgir Wen 1 791 sur map Esgairwen(ii) -(SN 749-547)(Brobwll)[esgair + gwen]; [esker'wen D. Jones(i)] inf Esgairwynt -(SN 744-5 52)[esgair + gwyntL [esker'wmt D. Jones, D. Jones(i), trujn'skwmt (SN 742-549), talken'skwmt (SN 746-5 5 8) D. Jones(i)] Esker Wynt 1 700V4 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Esgair Wynt OS 1 904 Cf Penrhaglanwynt (SN 73-49, Caeo, Carms.). Fedw -(SN 695-538) [y + bedw] ; [�'vedu J.Davies] Fedw 1 791 sur map, Fidw 1 839TMS, Fidw 1 9thcent. Lucas MS 2073, Y Fedw OS 1 904, Bola Fedw 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Ffald-ddu -(SN 780-507)[ffald + du] ; [fald'()i: J. Jones, N. Jones] inf A flat area of mountainland [inf J. Jones]. Fforestresgob - (SE)[fforest + yr + esgob] ; IIIJ Forestis de Crynnenyth 1 326 BBSt-David p. 1 99, Rescob Forest 1 578map C. Saxton, Forest yr Escob 1 602 G. Owen in H. Owen vol.4 p. 439, Power Forreste als. Pasture Grounde 'commonly called by the -

532

(32) PENNARDD name or names' The Forreste of Tremyni als. Bishopps Forreste 1 650 in 1 879 Cymerau MS 1 74b, The Lord Bishops Forrest att Llandewy Brefy 1 685rent, Ye Bishopps Forrest 1 7 1 3 Bronwydd MS S, Trinito als. The Bishops Forrest 1 73 1 /32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Four Forests of Tremynits als. The Bishops Forests 1 775 MRichardson MSS p.444, Tryminits als. The Bishop's Forests 1 788 Abertrinant MSS, Triminits als. The Bishops Forrests 1 792 Abertrinant MSS, His Lordships Four Forests of Treminits als. The Bishops Forests 1 792 M.Richardson MSS p.470, Forest of Roscob 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. l 3 05, The Four Forests of Trymynits als. The Bishop's Forests 1 825 Abertrinant MS S, Fforest yr Esgob O S 1 834, Four forests of Tryminits als. The Bishops Forests 1 889 ECE MS SD 70347, Coedwig-yr-esgob (sic) 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 1 5 The earliest name, also found later in the garbled form of Tremynits etc., stands for Crynfynydd, the original name of the mountain massif (see sub Mynydd-mawr, e); the term Four Forests, attested as early as the fourteenth century, seems best explained by the fact that it was divided into four holdings (at least as early as 1 8 1 5 [ 1 81 5sur map ]), namely Dalarwen, Henfaes, Cnwcheithinog, Penrhiwbrau (the latter two were replaced by Troedrhiwcymer and Troedrhiwruddwen by 1 890 [ 1890 ECE MS SD 7 1 029]). Fignrudd -(SN 726-532)[y + mign + rhudd] ; [mi·gm'ri:() Gl. Davies, vi·gin D. Jones(i), �·vigm E. Hughes, vigin 'idler E. Morgan] Figyn Rudd OS 1 834, Figyn Rhudd OS 1 891 , Y Fign (Y Fign Ruo) >1928 WFM MS 1 793/67 Commonland (cwmins) [inf. D. Jones(i)] . Ffrwdwen -(SN 682-5 1 4) [ffiwd + gwen]; [fru:d'wen H. T. Davies] inf It is described as a ravine (dwnjwr) [inf H. T. Davies] . Gam -(SN 69 1 -529)[y + earn]; [garn p.c. Gw. Jones] Gam Ddwlath, Magwyr y Gam (prox. ) 1 791 sur map, Y Garn OS1 8 1 9, Y Garn OS1 834, Gam OS 1 891 , Y Gam 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 55, Bane y Gam 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones The 1 79 1 form seems to stand for y gam ddwy lath 'the two yard cairn'. Gam-fach(i) -(SN 674-506)(Llyn-y-gwaith)[y + earn + bach]; Carn fach OS 1 8 1 9, Cam Fach OS 1 83 4, Garnfach 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p.8, Carregfach 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi p. l 2, Garn Dri Fflwyf 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau The -fach is in opposition to Garn-fawr (SN 66-50, Caeo, Carms.). Gam-fach(ii) -(SN 771 -528)(Carnsaithwraig)[y + earn + bach]; [garn'va:x J. Jones] Gam-fach 1 876map Brithdir, Cairn O S 1 982 This was said to be another maid who had fallen behind the otehrs at Carnsaithwraig (32-b) [inf. J. Jones]. Gamwen(i) -(SN 677-507)(Llyn-y-gwaith)[y + earn + gwen] ; Carn 1 875map Blaentwrch, Garn-wen OS 1 891 Gamwen(ii) -(SN 773-503)(Cerrygtan)[y + earn + gwen]; [garn'wen J. Lewis] Gamwen 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Gamwen(iii) -(SN 683-546)(Cnwch-mawr)[y + earn + gwen]; Gam Wen 1 886map ECE MD/SD 3 , Garn Wen 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Garreglwyd -(SN 737-562)[y + carreg + llwyd]; Garreg Lwyd Penbanci bach 1 828 Castlehill MS 1 063, Careg LWyd OS 1 89 1 , Gareg-lWyd OS1 904, Gareg-lwyd 0Sc. 1 950 Garregwen(i) -(SN 783-5 1 7)(Ty-newydd(i))[y + carreg + gwen]; Garreg Wen 1 840TMS Garregwen(ii) -(SN 767-534)(Brynddalfa)[y + carreg + gwen]; [gareg,wen,brm'alva J. Jones] Y Garreg Wen 1 840TMS Glog-fach -(SN 754-546)[y + clog (+ bach) ] ; [glog'va:x, g log 'vowr is a nearby bancyn D. Jones(i)] Glog fach OS 1 89 1 Gouallt -(SN 750-539) [y + cau + alit]; [g:>jalt D . Jones(i)] y [i] Ben y Goyallt 1 700114 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Goyallt OS 1 89 1 , Gouallt OS 1 904 Graig -(SN 663-524)[y + craig]; [grajg H.T.Rees] Graig Ddu 1 839TMS Graigddu(i) -(SN 768-484)(Troedrhiwcymer)[y + craig + du]; [grajg '()i: J. Lewis, D. Hughes] Craig Ddu OS 1 834, Garreg Ddu list J. Lewis Graigddu(ii) -(SN 800-501)(Abercamddwr)[y + craig + du]; [grajg 'lii: J. Lewis, I. Williams] 533

(32) PENNARDD inf Graig-goch -(SN 799-497)[y + craig + coch]; [grajg'go:x; J. Lewis, J. Jones, grajg'o:x; I. Williams] Penygraig 1 8 1 5sur map pp. l 08- 1 0, Craig Goch OS 1 834, Craig-goch OS 1 89 1 Graiglefn -(SN 676-549)[y + craig + llefn] ; Craig Curyll OS 1 89 1 , Craig y Lefel OS 1 904, Craig Leven 1 924---26 CSRLS 3 4 The form o f 1 904 was influenced b y the proximity o f mine-workings in the area, but the forms o f Nant Graiglefn (d) - viz Nant Graig Lovan 1 83 9, Nant Graig Lefan 1 889 - show the fmal consonant to have been . The in the form of 1 83 9 is a common misreading of , whilst the final may be the result of the identification of the spoken llefen with llefain 'crying' - carreg lefain was a term for 'echoing rock' [GPC s.v. carreg]. Graigwen -(SN 678-509)[y + craig + gwen] ; [grajg�'iiast H. T. Davies] Yr Eskerwen ? 1 5 56 Edwinsford MSS vol. l p. 5 1 , Craig Wen OS 1 834, Graig Wen OS 1 89 1 Named after Lluest Glanrhoca [ inf. H. T. Davies] . Gribinhir -(SN 797-503)[y + cribin + hir]; [gribin'hi:r J. Lewis] inf Gribinlwyd -(SN 766- 5 1 0) [y + cribin + llwyd]; [gribin'lojd J. Lewis] Gribyn list J. Lewis Gribinwastad -(SN 783-485)[y + cribin + gwastad/cribin + y + gwastad]; [gribin'wast;ld, kribin'wast:)d J. Lewis] inf Groes -(SN 666-5 1 6)[y + croes] ; [�'gro:s H. T. Davies] Groes OS 1 89 1 This i s a large area o f land, the term croes either refers t o land going 'across', o r possibly t o a boundary, cf Cam-y-trifjlwr (32-b); c£ Carreg-y-groes (32-b). Gwaunbara-ceirch -(SN 705-497)[gwaun + y + bara + ceirch]; [g;lrs,bara'krrx; E. Jones] Waun Bara Ceirch OS 1 89 1 The burden o f bara-ceirch, glossed 'oat cake' [ 1879map ECE SD 90], is unclear in this name, it is possible that there is some allusion to an illegal inn in the area, cf Tafarnbara-ceirch als. Tafarn-bach (14-a). Gwaun Blaencratlwyn -(SN 778-5 1 1 ) [gwaun + blaen + tn. Craflwyn] ; [wajn,bla·n'kravlon J. Jones] Blaen Craflwyn 1 840TMS Gwaun Bryncoch -(SN 671 -5 1 6)[gwaun + tn. Bryncoch] ; Waun Bryn Coch OS 1 89 1 Gwaun Brynddalfa -(SN 774-536) [gwaun + tn. Brynddalfa] ; Gwaen-bryn-ddalfa 1 875map Brithdir Gwaun Brynmeinog -(SN 662-52 1 ) [gwaun + tn. Brynmeinog (32-a)] ; Waun Bryn-meiog (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Waun Bryn Maenog OS 1 904 Gwaun Brynywain -(SN 7 1 4-53 5)[gwaun + tn. Brynywain (32-a)] ; [g;lrs,gar'lojd p. c. Gw. Jones, g ;lrs,ga·r'lojd J. Davies] Waun-bryn-owen OS 1 89 1 , Cors Garlwyd 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Gwaungraweli -(SN 767-544)[gwaun + ? ]; [wejngra'weli J. Jones] inf The stream Nantgraig (d) which flows E from this site was called Nant Crawely in 1 889. The form of criafol 'rowan berries' in southern Cardiganshire is crawel; but whilst criafolen (...-)- criolen) or coed criafol are the usual terms for 'rowan-tree' in northern Welsh, southern Welsh employs cerdinen for 'rowan-tree', but crawel, criafon etc. for 'rowan-berries', this makes a plural in -i of crawel with the meaning 'rowan-trees' (cf Bedwenni, 69-a) unlikely as the meaning of Gwaungraweli. A derivative of the word grafel 'gravel' seems less likely, unless it derives, through the loss of fmal from the diminutive grafelyn, used jocularly for large rocks, c£ Grafelynarthur in the Sawdde river (Canns.) [GPC s.v. grafel] ; cf Groenyn (8-b ). Gwaun-y-lluest -(SN 707-536)[gwaun + y + lluest]; Waun y Lluest OS 1 904 Gwaun Lluest-fawr -(SN 738-55 l )[gwaun + tn. Lluest-fawr (32-a)]; [wejnJiest'vowr D. Jones(i)] inf Gwaun Maenllwyd -(SN 677-534)[gwaun + tn. Maenllwyd (32-b)] ; 534

(32) PENNARDD Waun Maenllwyd 1 791 sur map, 'sheepwalk' Waun Maenllwyd 1 857 Derry Ormond MSS, Waun Maenll"Wyd OS 1 89 1 Gwaun Ochr-fach -(SN 734-543)[gwaun + tn. Ochr-fach] ; [o·x:lr'va:x D. Jones(i)] Waun Ochr-:fiich OS1 904 Gwaun Trapau-duon -(SN 724-523)[gwaun + y + trapiau + duon] ; Waun Trapiau-Duon OS 1 89 1 , Waun Trape Duon 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Hendre-fawr -(SN 762-550)[hendre + mawr]; [hendre'vowr J. Jones] Hendre fawr list J. Lewis Lan-fawr -(SN 692-501)[y + glan + mawr]; [lan'vowr E. Jones] Blaen Lan fawr 1 79 1 sur map, Lan fawr OS 1 834, Llanfawr 1 875 Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths p. 1 9, Llan fawr 1 875map Blaentwrch, Blaen Lan fawr c. 1 879map ECE SD 93 Llethrbedw -(SN 776-482)[llethr + y + bedw] ; [4e0er'bedu J. Lewis] in£

Llethrcoed(i) -(SN 766-504)(Cnwcheithinog)[llethr + y + coed]; [ieOer'ko:d J. Lewis] Gwar y Coed 1 8 1 5sur map, Llethr Coed list J. Lewis Llethrcoed(ii) -(SN 786-481 )(Penrhiwb1au)[llethr + y + coed]; [ieOer'ko:d, ieOer,kod,pennw'bie J. Lewis] Llethr Coed list J. Lewis Llethr Craflwyn -(SN 770-505)[llethr + tn. Craflwyn (32-a)]; [ieOer'kravlun J. Lewis] in£

Llethrdu(i) -(SN 700-51 O)(Blaentwrch-ucha)[llethr + du]; Llethr Du OS 1 891 Llethrdu(ii) -(SN 784- 5 1 9)(Ty-newydd(i))[llethr + dut [ie9er'di: J. Jones] Llydiad Du 1 840TMS, Llidiard Ddu 1 879map ECE SD 90 There seems to have been a road in the area [1879map ECE SD 90]. Llethrerwast -(SN 714-508)[1lethr + arwest]; Llethr Erwast OS 1 834 The term arwest meaning 'sling' is realised erwast in south-western Welsh. The significance is unclear in this place-name (perhaps the slope was likened to the 'V' shape created by a sling). The term arwest also means 'instrumental music; concert', cf. B. arvest 'show', but this meaning seems even less likely for this place-name. Llethrgarw -(SN 671-508)[llethr + garw]; [ieOer'garu, pen,ieOer'garu J. Lewis] Llethr Garw OS 1 834, Llethergarw list J. Lewis Llethrgwyn -(SN 720-51 3)[llethr + gwyn] ; [ieOer'gwm + ieOergwm'ba:x I. Roberts] Lleth Gwyn OS1 834, Llether Gwyn 1 840TMS, Llethr Gwyn OS 1 891, Llether Gwyn + Llether Gwyn bach (ruins?) 1 930sur, Llether-gwyn + Llether-gwyn-bach 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 1 1 Llethrhafodydd -(SN 729-560)[11ethr + yr + hafodydd]; [ieOerav'�I� D. Jones(i), ieOera'v:lm� (id.) Rh. Hughes] Llethr Hafodydd OS 1 904 LlethrUwyd -(SN 736-53 1 )[llethr + llwydL [ie·Oer'iujd Gl. Davies, ieOer'iujd D. Jones(i)] Llethr Llwyd OS 1 834, Llethr Ll\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Llethrllywelyn -(SN 749-547)[llethr + pn. Llywelyn] ; [ieOerli'welm, ieOerle'welm D. Jones(i)] Llethr Llywelyn OS 1 904 A fair piece (pishyn teg) of ground [inf D. Jones(i)]. Llethr-mawr -(SN 703-547)[11ethr + mawr]; [ieOer'mowr D. Jones(i), ieOer'mowr J. Davies] Llethr mawr OS 1 834, Penllethrmawr 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Llethr Ty-coch -(SN 767-487)[llethr + tn. Ty-coch]; [f:eOer,ti·'ko:x J. Lewis] Llether Ty Coch list J. Lewis, Llethr Coch (sic) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Llethrwemen -(SN 73 1 -500)[llethr + y + gwemen] ; [leOera'warnen D. Jones(i)] in£

Llidiardmorgan -(SN 670-547)[llidiard + pn. Morgan]; Llydiad Ddolgam (sic) 1 9t11cent. Lucas MS 2073, Bryn Llidiard Morgan (sic) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Lloc Esgaircrwys -(SN 647-524)[lloc + tn. Esgaircrwys (32-a)]; Llock Eskercrwys 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau Llwybrsaint-(SN 67-54 to ? ) [llwybr + y + saint]; [iujbu's ajnt Gl. Davies] 535

(32) PENNARDD Llwybr Saint 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Commenced at Rhisgog-isa (32-a) to Penfedw (32-a), and thence to Carmarthenshire [p .c. Gw. Jones ] . Llynberw-bach -(SN 7 1 4-507)[llyn + y + berw (+ bach)] ; Llyn Berw bach 1 840TMS Lake at the head of a brook that runs into Cors Pant-y-ceirw (32-b); Fagwr Berw bach (SN 7 1 3-506) [1 879map ECE SD 90]; cf Brynberw (32-b). Llynbriannau -(SN 790-485)[llyn + hn. Briannau]; [dampe'rjane N. Jones] in£ This reservoir was created in the early 1 960s and was named after Briannau (d), the small tributary of the river Tywi just above the site of the dam LlynHwyfen -(SN 754-488)[llyn + y + llwyfen]; [im'f:ojven J. Lewis] in£ Londdu -(SN 659-568)[lon + du] ; [lo:n'5i: C. Jones] in£ Runs between Glanteifi (32-a) and Nantdderwen (32-a), so named because it was darkened by the shade of trees [inf. C. Jones ] . Maengwyn -(SN 783-527)[maen + gwyn]; [gareg'wen J. Jones] Maen Gwyn 1 875map Brithdir Maenllwyd -(SN 675-53 8)[maen + llwyd] ; [maniojd J. Thomas, kareg 'sams:>n Gl. Davies] Maenllwyd OS 1 834, Careg Samson OS 1 89 1 , Careg Samson 1 902 WGaz. 1 03, Carreg Samson OS 1 982, Craig Samson 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Mign Blaenbrefi -(SN 7 1 7-546)[mign + blaen + hn. Brefi]; [vi·gin,bla'brevi D. Jones(i)] 'Figyn Blaen Brefi OS 1 834, 'turbary' Figgin + Waun ? 1 875 Eccl.Comm. vs. Griffiths p.20, Figyn Blaen Brefi OS 1 89 1 Mynwent-y-crynwyr -(SN 656-547)[mynwent + y + crynwyr]; Mynwent y Crynwyr OS 1 904, Mynwent y Crynwir 1 909 CAST vol l p. 57 There were Quakers in Gwemdryw (32-a) since at least 1 709 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 92] ; 1 7 1 0 [ 1 984 D. B. Rees: 73 ] ; no cemetery before 1 7 1 7 . . . last to be buried was in 1 790 (1984 D. B. Rees: 75]; cf (c) Cae Capel (prox. ) [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 195]; cf. Mynwent-y-crynwyr als. Quakers Yard (Glarus.) [ 1 9 3 8 E. Isaac: 33] ; see J. Lloyd 'Crynwyr Llanddewi Brefi' in 1 91 3 CAST vol.3 pp. 1 5-1 6. Nantsych -(SN 676-564)[nant + sych]; Nantsych 1 839TMS, Nantsych 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi Noddfa -(SN 790-523)[noddfa] ; [n:>(')va J. Jones] Noddfa OS 1 891 This is a field, with a rock that gives shelter [inf. J. Jones] . Ochr-fawr -(SN 739-559)(ochr + mawr] ; [o·z:>r'vowr D. Jones(i), Rh. Hughes] Ochor fawr 1 840TMS, Ochr fawr OS 1 904 Ochr Gouallt -(SN 671 -544)[ochr + tn. Gouallt]; Ochor y Goyallt 1 79l sur map, Goyallt OS 1 891 , Gouallt OS 1 904, Goyallt 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Cf Pentre-Gouallt (32-a). Rolchfa -(SN 676-544)[yr + golchfa]; Waterfall OS 1 982, Rolchfa 1 987 W.J.LlJones Pantcetfylau -(SN 774-479)[pant + y + ceffylau]� [pantke'f;lle J. Lewis] in£ Refers to horses going out of sight when in this hollow [inf J. Lewis] . Penbowlin -(SN 768-553)[pen + ? ]; [i.ben'bowlm J. Jones, a.T'bawrm Gwl. Jones] Bowring 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones, Bowlyn list E.James The usual meaning of bowlin(g) in Welsh toponymy is 'bowling green', and usually sited in the vicinity of lowland mansions or towns. This and the derivation from a ladies' dwelling-room [ 1 987 w. P. L1. Jones ] are to be dismissed as explanations for the name of a desolate mountain ridge. It would seem that the best explanation for bowlin is that it refers to the rounded shape of the hill, cf the term bwl, sub Brynbwl (74a). Pencastell -(SN 704-540)[pen + y + castell]; Bane Pencastell (sic) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones, Pencastell in£ 536

(32) PENNARDD A small rocky hump in a valley. Pencerryg -(SN 744-543)[pen + y + cerrig]; [pen'ker1g D. Jones(i)] y [i] Ben y Cerrig 1 7001/z Nouadd MSS p.459 Pencerryg-bach -(SN 789-5 1 5) [pen + y + cerrig + bach] ; [pen,keng 'ba:z J. Jones] in£ This a knoll (twmpyn) [inf J. Jones] . Pencom -(SN 694- 5 1 5)[pen + y + com] ; [pen'k:lrn H. T. Davies, esker'k:lrn J. Davies] Com OS 1 834, Pen y Corn OS 1 904 Pendinas -(SN 765-522) [pen + y + dinas]; Pen Dinas list E. James Penresgair -(SN 777-525) [pen + yr + esgair]; [pen'resker J. Jones] in£ Penfenni -(SN 703-535)[pen + ? ] ; [pen'veni C. Jones] Bane y Lluest OS1 89 1 , Penfenni 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones The second element which is obscure reminds one of Fenni, the Welsh name of Abergavenny (Mons.), though it is very unlikely that this is the etymology of Penfenni. I prefer to compare the stream Nant-y­ fenni and Bwlch-y-fenni (SH 97-33, Rhos-y-gwaliau, Mers.) ; Fenni, a tributary of the river Taf in Carmarthenshire, Pont-y-fenni (SN 23-1 7, Whitland, Carms.); Tir Abergevennie, hn. River Nant y Vennye (L1ange1er, Carms.) ( 1643 Bromrydd MSS]; Pencaeifenni (SS 52-95, Llanrhidian, Glams.), Pencaeifenny 1 697 [ 1 965 ruse: 87] ; and Rhyd-y-fenni (SJ 1 8-64, Cilcain, Flints.) - and whilst it is true that this name might be a collective form of Rhyd-y-fen (cf sub Tynfron, 52-a), it is unlikely to contain benni, the plural of ben, the interpretation of E. Davies ( 1 959: 148] . If -fenni in this name also alludes to a stream, the likeliest candidate would be Nant-y-bryn (d), a tributary of the Pysgotwr:fawr (d). Pen-y-foelfraith -(SN 771 -5 1 8)[pen + y + moel + braith]; [pen�'v:llvrajO J. Jones] Foel Fraith O S 1 891 Cf Foelfraith (32-a). Pengarfan -(SN 727-5 1 2) [pen + y + carfan]; [peg'karvan E. Jones, �·garvan, ma.T'garvan E. Hughes] Pen y Garfan OS1 834, Carfan 1 987 W.J.Ll.Jones Though this place adjoins the border with Carmarthenshire the meaning of caifan here is most likely to be 'heap', cf. hn Caifan. Pengelli -(SN 697-554)[pen + y + celli]; [peg 'gcli D. Jones(i)] in£

Pen-y-gumos -(SN 777- 5 1 3)[pen + y + cumos]; [pen�·g�rn:ls J. Jones] Pen y Gyrnos OS 1 834, Pen y Gurnos OS 1 89 1 C f. Gumos (32-a). Pen-yr-hui -(SN 782-52 l )[pen + yr + hul] ; [pen�'hrd J. Jones] in£ Cf. Pen y Rhyl a ruin near Aberllefenni (Mers.) [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 101 ] . Penlanddu -(SN 71 1 -547)[pen + y + glan + du] ; [lan'�i:, penlan'm: (aber'dej�ur) D. Jones(i)] in£ Penrhestr -(SN 769-525)[pen + y + rhestr]; [pen'hrester J. Jones] in£ Refers to Rhip Carreg-y-twll (32-b) [inf. J. Jones]. Penrhiw -(SN 778-487)[pen + y + rhiw]; [pen'hnw J. Lewis] in£ Penrhiwclochdy -(SN 750-5 1 9)[pen + rhiw + yr + clochdy]; Pen Rhiw r Clochdy 1 700% in 1 653 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Penrhiw Clochdy OS 1 834 Cf. Ffoes y Gloch (prox. Nantcawl (32-a) and Penrhiwclochdy) [ 1700Y.t in 1653 Neuadd-fawr MSS] ; cf Carregclochdy (SN 81 -50, Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.), a high rock that was likened to a tower; cf Clochdyddiau-pridd (44-b). Penrhiwlwydog -(SN 739-526)[pen + rhiw + n. LlwydogL [penhnw'k:lli E. Howells] y [i] Droed Rhiw Nwydog (sic) 1 700% in 1 65 3 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Cam Tywarch OS 1 82 1 , Carn OS 1 834, Cam Pen-rhiw Llwydog OS I 89 1

537

(32) PENNARDD OS 1 8 1 9 also has Carn Tywarch for nearby Cam Nantrast (Caeo, Carms.), and Blaen Tywarch for Blaentwrch. Llwydog was the name of a wild boar hunted by Arthur's huntsmen from Garthgrogyn als. Gaer-fawr (54-b) to Ystradyw (Brees.) in the tale of Culhwch ac Olwen [1 895 J. Rhys: 6� cf map in 1 992 R. Bromwich & D. s. Evans: viii]; the occurrence of this name in Llanddewi Brefi seems to strengthen the suspicion that part of the hunters' trajectory was left out when the tale was written down; cf Gartheli (35a), Maenarthur (62-a), Llysarthur (71-b), Bryndafaden (32-b). B. G. Charles [ 1 993: 97] discussing Llanychlwydog refers to a fourteenth-century pn. Llvytauc. Pon-y-gwaith -(682-539)[pon + y + gwaith] ; [p;md�'gwaje Gl. Davies] inf A reservoir built to supply Rhisgog-ucha (32-a), transh goes through Penfedw (32-a) (p.c. Gw. Jones]. Pont Cafnglas -(SN 775-47l)[pont + tn. Cafnglas] ; [p:mt,kaban'gla:s J. Lewis, kavan'gla:s I. Williams] inf A bailey bridge built in 1 950s, footbridge before [inf I. Williams] . Pontcarfan -(SN 666-573)[pont + hn . Carfan]; Pont Carfan 1 978 CER vol.8 p.342 b. 1 896 ( 1 978 CER: 8.342) Pont Gogouan -(SN 641 -544)[pont + tn. Gogouan (3 2-a)]; [p�nt'g �jan C. Jones] Pont Gogoyan 179 1 sur map, Pont Gogoyan 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Gogoyan O S 1 8 1 9 Pontllyndu -(SN 635-560)[pont + hn . Llyndu] ; Pont Llyndu OS 1904 Pont Rhyd-y-cyrff -(SN 681-545)[pont + tn. Rhyd-y-cyrff]; [b�nt,ka'forest J. Davies, p�uka'bres p.c. E. Lake] Pont Cae-Fforest OS 1 904, Rhyd y Cyrff 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 57, Pont Rhyd Cyf 'bridge ford corpses' 1 927 T.Lewis p.90, Bryn Rhyd y Cyrff (sic) 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones The 1927 form gives us some reason to interpret the last element as cy.ff '(tree) stump', cf Pont Rhydcyff (Llangynwyd, Glams.), £Sp�ntn'ki:f, £Sp�ntr�'ki:f (firiarll & Glynogwr) ( 1 973 P. W. Thomas: 1 1 1 9] . However, the translation of the 1 927 form shows it is a garbled form of cyif.f, and this probably was a reference to the burials of the nearby Beddau'rpro.ffwydi (32-b); cf Pompren Rhyd-y-cyr:ff (SN 64-46, prox. Cae-Caradog, Caeo, Carms.), dros Bontbren Rhydycyr:ff [ 1 934 D. Jenkins: 1 13]; Cae-.fforest (32-b). Postgwyn -(SN 72 1 -526)[post + gwyn]; [p�st'gwm J. Davies] Post Gwyn OS 1 8 1 9, Y Post Gwyn 1 859 D.Morgan p. l 9, Post Gwyn OS 1 891, Y Postgwyn, Postgwyn 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. l 74, ym Mhostgwyn 1 975 Ancr n.3 "Yn yr un man mae tua'r un nifer o ffyrdd a llwybrau yn cyfarfod, ac adnabyddir y lie wrth yr enw Postgwyn. Derbyniodd yr enw oddiwrth hen fynegbost a fu yno unwaith, ond 'roedd yr hen bost a'i gyfarwyddyd wedi diflannu flynyddoedd lawer cyn i ni fyned y bore hwnnw. Dywedai yr hynafgwr Daniel Jones y Bryn wrthyf, ei fod yn cofio gweld olion hen bost yno pan oedd efe yn blentyn. " [ 1 912 Cymru: 43. 1 74]. Post i ddangos y ffordd gynt lie cyfarfyddai'r nentydd a'r llwybrau [1 979a E. Jones: 1 1 2] . Road split here, one road leading to Llanwrtyd (Brees.), the other to Cil-y-cwm (Carms.) [ 1 859 D. Morgan: 1 9] . PwU-y-foelfraith -(SN 569-51 3)[pwll + tn. Foelfraith (32-a)] ; [pufa'v�lvraje J . Lewis] inf Pwlluffem -(SN 746-498) [pwll + uffern] ; [pui\lfarn, pui'�fern J. Lewis, pui'Ifern E. Hughes] Pwll Uffern OS1 904 The identically named Pwllu.ffem Gothi (Caeo, Carms.) was translated 'the pit of hell' [1840 s. G. A Williams: 161 ] . Pyllau-Joseff -(SN 773-529)[pyllau + pn. Joseff]; Pwllau-Joseph 1 876map Brithdir Pyllau-mawn -(SN 758-563)[pyllau + mawn]; [p;»e'mawn J. Lewis] inf Pyllau-mawr -(SN 764-548)[pyllau + mawr]; [pale'mawr J. Jones] inf Rhabanau-dwr -(SN 72 1 -542)[rhabanau + dWI-]; [hra,bane'du:r D. Jones(i)] Collects OS 1982 Rhipcaneris -(SN 71 1 -542)[rhip + y + caneris] ; [hr1pka'neriz E. Morgan] Rip Caneries 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones This was named because there were here little declivities, only fit for canaries [inf. w. P. Ll. Jones] . 538

(32) PENNARDD Rhip Carreg-y-twll -(SN 767-523)[rhip + tn. Carreg-y-twllt [hnp,kareg�'tul J. Jones] in£ Rhip Wernolau -(SN 794-5 1 6)[rhip + tn. Wemolau]; [hrtp,warn'ole, hnp,wern'ole J. Jones] in£ Rhiwfelin -(SN 749-507)[rhiw + yr + melin]; [nw'velm E. Morgan, hrtw'velm J. Lewis] Troed Rhiwr Velin 1 73 1 /32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Troedyrhiwvelin 1 775 M.Richardson MSS p.444, Troed Rhiw Felen 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Cae Rhiw yr Felin 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Rhiwfelen p.c. O.Lake Though the BBSt-David [ 1 326: 1 98] noted that there was a water-mill in Fforestresgob (32-b), it is difficult to believe there ever was a mill in the vicinity of Rhiwfelin - which lay on the w edge of Fforestresgob. The lead-mine at Brynambor (32-a) might have occasioned an industrial mill to have been built, though I do not know if that mine was yet in operation in the early eighteenth century. Rhiwgelynnen -(SN 769-533)[rhiw + yr + celynnen]; [hrtwgel'�nen, knu:x,nant�'be�JQI:lg J. Jones] Rhiw'r Gelynen, Rhiw'r Gelynion 'yn ol rhai' 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol43 p. 1 74, Rhiw-celynnin 1 979a E.Jones p.99 For the probable misidentification of celynnen as the pn. Celynnin, see sub Maesbe tws (32-a). Rhiwgoch -(SN 765- 5 1 3)[rhiw + coch]; [hrtw'go:x J. Lewis] Cae Rhiw Goch, Cefn Rhiw Goch 1 8 1 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0, Penrhiwgoch list J. Lewis Rhosgarfan -(SN 672-567)[rhos + hn. Carfan]; Rhos Garfan 1 8 07PR Llanddewi Brefi, (c) Llainrhosgarfan 1 823 Derry Ormond MSS, Rhos Garfan 1 827 Derry Ormond MSS Rhos-y-glo -(706-562)[rhos + y + glo] ; [hro·s�'glo: J. Davies] Rhos y Glo 1 936 in 1 992 Barcud n. 1 6 1 Roedd lladd mawn ar Ros-y-glo, i'r plwyf oedd hi. bennodd llawer o'r lladd mawn ar ol 1 9 1 8, o achos fod yr heol yn Cwm Carfan wedi'i sarnu ar ol llifogydd a nelai hi'n anodd i gart drafaelu ar hyd-ddi [inf. A Rees] . Rhyd Cerryglladdfa -(SN 786-504)[rhyd + tn. Cerryglladdfa]; [hri·d,keng'la6va J. Jones, hri·d'la6va I. Williams] in£ As there was an ancient circle of white stones here [inf. J. Jones] , I ftnd it easier to believe that the original form of this place-name was *Rhyd Cerryg-gladdfa, the effects of sandhi on a final [-g ] abutting onto an initial [g-] make it very difficult to distinguish from a final [ -g ] abutting an initial [1-], e.g. the unlocated Cerig Clochesti [ 1 927 T. Lewis: 90], being a misunderstanding of *Cerryg Llochesdy. The dramatic attraction of lladdfa 'massacre' makes it all the more probable that we also have here a popular etymology motivation. Rhyd-da -(SN 771 -479)[rhyd + y + da]; [hri·'da: J. Lewis] in£ Rhyd-ddu -(SN 692-527)[rhyd + du] ; Rhyd-ddu 1 79 1 sur map Sbion-cop -(SN 650-579)[E.tn. Spion Kop (Natal, South Africa)] ; [spbQ'k:lb F. Evans, spbn'k:lp W. P. Ll. Jones] in£ Named after the 1 900 battle of Spion Kop of the Boer War (1 899-1902), which as J. Field [ 1986: 1 5] points out was by no means a glorious battle for the British. Talcen-y-cnwch(i) -(SN 678-544)(Rhisgog)[talcen + y + cnwch]; Allt Cnwch OS 1 89 1 , Talcen y Cnwch OS 1 904 Talcencnwch(ii) -(SN 763-499)(Cnwcheithinog)[talcen + y + cnwch]; Talcen Cnwch list J.Lewis Tomen Llanio -(SN 660-579)[tomen + tn. Llanio (32-a)]; An Artificial Mount 1 760map E.Bowen, Tommen Llanio 1 803map J. Singer, Tommen Llanio 1 808 S .RMeyrick p.25 1 , Tommen Llanio OS 1 8 1 9, Tomen Llanio OS1 834, Tomen Llanio (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cae'r Fynwent (prox.) 1 936 D.C.Rees p. 72 Trinant -(SN 767-527)[tri + nant]; [tr�nant, also known as tr�val J. Jones] in£ T ryfai -(SN 779-500)[tryfalJ; [tr�val J. Jones, treval J. Lewis] 539

(32) PENNARDD Trivall 1 73 1/32 Llanllawddog MSS p.47, Tryfal 1 797PR Llanddewi Brefi, (c) Cae Tryfal 1 81 5sur map pp. 1 08-1 0 Not a house [inf. J. Jones]. Waunbant -(SN 746-51 3)[y + gwaun-bant]; [wejn'bant E. Hughes] Waun Bant 1 79 l sur map A boggy place [inf. E. Hughes] ; see sub Waunbant (32-a). Waungou -(SN 707-550)[y + gwaun + cau] ; [wejn'g;,j D. Jones(i)] Y Wayne Goch ? 1 687/88 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Frongoi 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones Waunlwyd -(SN 782-527)[y + gwaun + llwyd]; [i,vla·n,wejn'lujd J. Jones] inf Wennallt -(SN 764-529)[y + gwen + alit]; [wenalt, pen�'wenaH J. Jones] inf

540

(33) PENNARDD CARON IS-CLAWDD AberdWr -(SN 687-597)[aber + dWt-]; Aberdwr 1 792PR Caron, Aber Ddwr OOS 1 821 , Aberddwr 1 839TMS, Aber-dWt- OS 1 89 1 , AberdWt1 926sur This refers to the confluence of the rivers the river Brennig(i) with Nant-y-jleinog. Abermarlais -(SN 656-645)[tn. Abermarlais (Llansadwrn, Canns. )] ; Abermarles 1 8 1 5PR Lledrod, Aber-marlas OS1 834, Abermarles 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 6 Argoed-fach -(SN 676-583)[ar- + coed (+ bach)] ; Argoed fach 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Argoed fach 1 79 1 sur map, Argod fach 1 822VB Caron, Argoed­ bach OS1 834, Argoed-:ffich OS1 891 Argoed-fawr -(SN 678-588) [ar- + coed (+ mawr)] ; Argoed et Ystrad 1 702PR Caron, Argoed 1 760CF, Argoed-fawr 1 791 sur map, Argoed OOS 1 82 1 , Argod fawr 1 822VB Caron, Argod 1 926sur Argoed Hall -(SN 675-585) [tn. Argoed (33-a) + E. Hall]; Argoed OS 1 89 1 , Argoed 0Sc. l 950, Argoed Hall OS1 982, Neuadd Argoed 1 984 D.B.Rees p. 1 88 Bane -(SN 714-594)[banc]; [ti,mari'm:>SIS Rh. Hughes] Bane OS 1 89 1 Berth -(SN 663-634)[y + perth] ; [kapel'bere, kapel�'bere M . Owen] Berth 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.557, Capel Berth (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , yng Nghapel y Berth 1 904 J.Evans p.3 74, a'r Berth 1 907 J.Evans p. 161 , Capel-y-berth 1 979a E.Jones p. 8 1 b. 1 840 [ 1851Rel cens. : 557] ; b. 1 841 [ 1 979a E . Jones: 8 1 ] Berthgoch -(SN 664-647)[y + perth + coch] ; [Cc) ka:,berO'go:z M. Davies] Berth Goch 1721 Crosswood MSS , Borth Coch 1 742/43 Crosswood MSS, Berthgoch 1 839TMS, Berthgoch 1 926sur Berwyn Villa -(SN 688-594)[hn. Berwyn + E. villa] ; Berwyn Villa OS1904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1891 ; OS1 904]. Blaenau Caron -(SN 708-61 7) [blaenau + tn. Caron (e)] ; Blan Carron 1 8 1 8sur map, Blaen y Caran OOS 182 1 , Blinau Caron 1 822VB Caron, Blaen-y-caron O S 1 834, Blaen-caron OS1 89 1 , Blaenaucaron 1 904 J.Evans p.374, Blaenaucaron 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p.3 1 , Blaen-caron 0Sc. 1 950, Blaenaucaron OS 1 982 The forms given above vary between Blaenau Caron and Blaencaron. It would seem that these two were originally the same name which had tended to evolve thus, Blaenau Caron """"* Blaen y Caron """"* Blaencaron. At the present-day Blaenau Caron refers to this farm, whilst Blaencaron (e) refers to the division of Caron parish in which it lies, as well as Capel Blaencaron (33-a). Blaencroes-fechan -(SN 736-602)[blaen + hn. Croes-fechan]; [bla:n,kr:1js'vezan S. Jones] Blaencroesvechan 1 279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p.301, Blaen-groes-fechan OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-croes-fechan OS 1 904, Glancros fechan 1 926sur, Blaencroesfechan 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4 Blaenresgair-isa -(SN 652-657)[blaen + y r + esgair ( + isaf)] ; [blan,resker'isa M Owen] Blaen yr esgir issa 1 839TMS, Blaen-esgair-isaf OS 1 891 , Blaen-yr-esgair-isaf OS 1 891 Blaenresgair-ucha -(SN 65 1 -657)[blaen + yr + esgair (+ uchaf)] ; [blan,resker'�za M. Owen, bla:n'resker (d3o:nz + ritJ�rdz) E. Evans] Eskir Berwedd ycha 1 633 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Bervedd ychain 1 692 Crosswood MSS, Blaen yr Esgir 1 721 Crosswood MS S, Blaen yr Esger 1 73 5 Crosswood MSS, Blaen yr Esgair 1 778 Crosswood MSS, Blaen yr Esgir 1 78 1 sur map, Blaenrhesger 1 792PR Caron, Blaen Esgair OOS 1 82 1 , Blanresger 1 83 3PR Llangeitho, Blanresger 1 834PR Lledrod, Blaen yr Esgir ucha 1 839TMS, Blaen-esgair OS 1 891, Blaen-yr­ esgair OS 1 904 It is almost certain that the original name of Blaenresgair was Esgairbeifedd-ucha (see sub Esgair, 33-a). This is suggested by the name Blaenresgair which referred to the highest part of the medieval holding of Esgairbeifedd, and made almost certain by the sixteenth century statement [ 1 596-97 in 1 939 E. G. Jones: 93] that the medieval Esgairbeifedd contained 600 acres - which is nearer the 809 statute acres of Blaenresgair combined with Esgair and Pont-ar-Gamddwr than the 461 statute acres of the latter two (a similar sixteenth-century source [c.1 600-01 in 1 93 9 E. G. Jones: 92] also gives the medieval holding of 541

(33) PENNARDD Brynmerllyd - now Penbryn (56-a) - 600 acres: in reality 980 statute acres). The calculation of statute acreage is from nineteenth-century tithe maps. Blaennant-fach -(SN 692-581)[blaen + y + nant (+ bach)] ; [blan,nant'va:z L. Jones] Blaen-nant-rach OS 1 89 1 , Blaennant fach 1 977 Barcud n 1 0, Blaenant OS 1 982 The -fach is in opposition to Blaennant als. Corsneuadd (33-a). Blaenwem -(SN 653-597)[blaen + y + gwern] ; Blaen-wern + (c) Alit Wern (prox. ) OS1 89 1 , (c) Y Wern (prox.) OS 1 904, Blaenwern 1926sur Brennig View -(SN 678-593)[hn. Brennig + E. view]; Brennig View OS 1 89 1 , Brenig View 1 901 Cymru vol.21 p.226 Bro-dawei -(SN 662-623) [bro + tawel] ; Bro-dawel House OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 89 1 -1 904 [OS1891; OS1 904]. Broncapel -(SN 662-648) [bron + y + capel]; [brm'kapel, br�IJ'kapel, br�IJ'kapel M. Owen] Bron y Cappell 1 596-97 in 1 93 8 E.G. Jones p. 93 , Bron y Cappel 1781sur map, Bron y Capel 1 797PR Caron, Bron-y-gapel OS1 834, Bron-capel OS1 891 This was originally part of the same holding as Esgair (33-a) [ 1 596-97 in 1 939 E . G . Jones: 93] . There seems hardly a doubt that the chapel referred to was an old chapelry of Ystradffiur. It was also referred to by the nearby field called Cae-deml (Cae y Deml [ 1 9 10 M. E. Morgan: 38], Caer yr Hen Demel [ 1924-26 CSRLS 1 7] , Cae Derner [1 984 R. J. Moore-Colyer: 74]) on Esgairmaen land (33-a), opposite Ty-nant (33-a) [ 1 9 1 0 M. E. Morgan: 38; 1 924 CSRLS 1 6] . The statement by R J. Moore-Colyer [ 1 984: 74] that it stood on Broncapel land appears to be incorrect. Bronwydd -(SN 706-595)[bron + gw)rdd]; [br;lnWitl L. Jones] Bronwedd OS 1 834, Bronwydd OS 1 891 Cf Bronwydd (1 3-a). Bryn -(SN 668-598)[bryn] ; Bryn OS 1 982 Built after Ystrad (33-a) was sold by Sunnyhill estate in 1 92 1 [ 1984 E. R. D. Prosser: 27] . Brynadam -(SN 655-632)[bryn + pn. Adam]; Bryn Adam OS 1 982 Brynamlwg -(SN 694-580)[bryn + amlwg] ; [brm'amlug L. Jones] Bryn-amlwg OS 1 891 Bryncoch -(SN 71 6-598)[bryn + coch] ; [brm'ko:x L. Jones, briiJ'ko:z Rh. Hughes] Bryncoch 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-coch OS 1 89 1 Brynfran -(SN 712-597)[bryn + y + bran]; [brm'bra:n L . Jones] Brynbrane 1 794 Bronygraig MSS, Brynbran 1 794PR Caron, Bryn-bran OS 1 891 The form Brynbran is likely to be a readjustive non-lenition, cf Bryn y Vran (unloc., Cyfoeth-y-brenin) [1625 Cwrt-mawr MSS; 1667 Cwrt-mawr MSS], cf Cwmgaseg (64-a). The adjective braen 'rotten' should not be discounted. Brynhownant -(SN 698-597) [bryn + tn Hownant] ; Bron Hofnant 1 643 Crosswood MSS, Bron Hodnant 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Bron Hoddnant 1 686 Bronwydd MS S, Brynhownant 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Brinhawnant 1 760CF, Bronhyfnant als. Llwyndriw 17 69rent Crosswood, Bron Hyfnant als. Llwyn y Driw 1 78 1 sur map, Bronhownant 1 791 sur map, Brynrhownant 1 793PR Caron, Brynhofnant 1 8 1 1PR Caron, Bryn Hownant OOS 1 821, Bryn­ hownant 08 1 834, Brynhownant 1 839TM8, Bryn-hownant 081 891 , Bronhoewnant 1 901 Cymru vol.21 p.223, Bryn Hoewnant 1 986 W.J.Gruffydd p.65 The earliest forms suggest the original frrst element was bron rather than bryn. The general rather than (excepting 1 760), along with the forms of the seventeenth century, militate against it being cognate with Hawnant (Glams.) and Hafnant (Caerns.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 1 8). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 5 1 ] thinks it refers to Nantmelyn, which is unlikely, it is likelier to be the original name of the river Croes which lies immediately below it. Brynlloi -(8N 726-609)[bryn + lloi]; [brm'bj L. Jones, Rh. Hughes, br�n'bj 8. Jones] Brynlloy 1 839TMS, Brynlloi, Brinlloy 1 8003/3 Nanteos fpls. , Bryn-lloi OS 1 89 1 , Brynlloi 1 926sur Brynmaen -(SN c. 656-652)[bryn + maen] ; [brm'ma:n E. Evans] Bryn-maen 08 1 89 1 , Bryn Man 1 926sur 542

(33) PENNARDD Bryn-mawr -(SN 71 7-61 2)[bryn + mawr]� [brm'mowr S. Jones] Brynmawr 1 797PR Caron, Bryn mawr 1 8 1 8sur map Brynwemen -(SN 698-577) [bryn + y + gwemen] ; [br�'warnen p.c. Gw. Jones, brm'warnen L. Jones] Bryn-wemen OS1891, Brynwernau 1 977 Barcud n 9 Bwlchgwynt(i) -(SN 663-63 2)(Berth)[bwlch + y + gwynt]; [buz'gwmt M. Davies] Bwlch-y-gwynt OS 1 89 1 Bwlchgwynt(ii) -(SN 677-596)(Tregaron)[bwlch + y + gwynt] ; [bolz'gwmt in£ ] Capel OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlchgwynt 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.5 58, (c) Cae T y Cwrdd >1 876 Castlehill M S 1 352, Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) OS 1 89 1 , Tregaron c. 1 902 E. RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel OS 1 904, Bwlchgwynt 1 91 1 Cymru vol41 p. l65 b. 1 774 [ 1904 J. Evans: 56; 1 990 Lampeter photographs: 1 46] ; b. l 775 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 558; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277] � ren./en1. 1 809, 1 833 (c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 904 J. Evans: 60; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 162)� ga/. 1 865 (the meaning of gal. uncertain) [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277] � Ysgol Ty Cwrdd (adj.) [c.1 980 WFM MS 2670/2] . Bwlch-newydd -(SN 693-574)[bwlch (+ newydd)]� [bolz'newi(') J. Williams] Bwlch-newydd OS 1 891 Refers to Bwlchraethnen (32-a). Cabwd -(SN 701 -5 83)[ ? ]; [ka:'bu:d inf.] Cabwd 1 760CF, Weyngabwd 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Gaebwd 1 779PR Llanddew� Cae Bwyd 1792PR Caron, Cae Bwd 1 800PR Caron, Caer Pwd OOS 1 8 1 9, Caepwd 1 839TMS, Cae-bwd OS 1 89 1 , Cae-bwd OS 1 904 This as hinted by the initial of the 1 779 form would seem to be the same element as found in Gabwd (76-a), and Gwemgabwd (29-a), which is probably derived from an English word. But the feature that distinguishes this toponym from the other two is that it has kept the English accentuation, and has as a result been interpreted as containing the common element cae 'field', with an obscure element b1vd, which is interpreted in the 1 792 form as bwyd 'food', impossible in Cardiganshire Welsh, though this pronunciation is attested in Anglesey Welsh. Cae-ddwynant -(SN 694-585)[cae + y + dwy + nant] ; Cae-ddwynant OS 1 891 Inexistent [ os 1904] . Cae-ffynnon -(SN 69-57) [cae + yr + ffynnon] � Wellfield OS 1 89 1 , Caeffynnon 1 977 Barcud n. 9 Cae-garw -(SN 697-592)[ cae + garw] � Cae'r OOS 1 82 1 , Cae Garw ucha 1 822VB Caron, Cae-garw OS 1 891 Cae'rgog -(SN 679-599) [cae + yr + cog] � Cae'r Gog 1 9 1 8 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 3 , Pandy Caergog ? 1 984 J.G. Jenkins p. 1 3 8 A woollen factory until 1 925 [ 1 984 J . G . Jenkins: 1 38]. Cae-gwter -(SN 73 8-578)[cae + yr + cwter] ; [ka'goter L. Jones] Cae-gwtter OS 1 891, Cagwter 1 926sur Cae-newydd -(SN 730-581)[cae + newydd] � [ka·'newi(') L. Jones, Rh. Hughes, D. Jones(i)] Caenewydd 1 760CF, Cae Newydd OOS 1 82 1 , Cae-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Canewydd 1 926sur Cae-Tudyr -(SN 71 2-606)[cae + pn. Tudyr] ;[ka:'hdrr in£ , ka·'t�Ir L. Jones] Tythyn Kae'r Tydyr 1 704 Castlehill MSS, Caetydur 1 800PR Caron, Cae'r Tudyr OOS 1 82 1 , Caer Tudyr OS 1 834, Cae Ti Dwr 1 839TMS, Cae-tydwr OS 1 89 1 , Cae-tudur OS 1 904, Cae-Tudyr 0Sc. 1 950, Cae Tudor OS 1 982 Camer-fach -(SN 684-607)[ cam + erw (+ bach)] ; [ kamer'va:z D. Jenkins] Cammer vach 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Cammer bach 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cammer vach 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cammar fach 1789 Derry Ormond MSS, Cammer fach 1 79 1 sur map, Cammer-fach OS1891, (c) Cae Carner fach 1 922 W. A.Bebb in 1 996 R.Humphreys p. 99, Camerfach 1 925 Cymru vol. 68 p.42 Six houses [ 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86: 28] . Camer-fawr -(SN 683-6 12) [cam + erw (+ mawr)] ; [kamer'vowr, kamer L. Jones] Tythyn Kammer 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Gamer vawr, Gamer genol (prox. ) 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Cammer fawr 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Cammar fawr 1 789 Derry Ormond MSS, Cammer fawr, The Two ·

543

(33) PENNARDD Cammers 1 791 sur map, Cammer 1792PR Caron, Cammetfawr 1 803map J. Singer, Cammer fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Cammer-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Camer-fawr 0Sc. 1950, Yr Hen Dy Carner OS1 982 Cf (c) Dryll y Gamer (Rhoscolyn, Angl.) [ 1 608 in 1 972b M. Richards: 1 75 ] . Camer-isa -(SN 670-607)[ cam + erw (+ isaf)] ; Cammar isaf 1 789 Derry Ormond MSS, Cammer issa cott. 1 79 1 sur map Canan -(SN 662-626)[Bibl.tn. Caanan] ; [kanan M Davies, E. Evans] Bwlch-y-rhos OS 1 89 1 Capel Blaencaron -(SN 708-6 1 1 )[capel + tn Blaencaron (e)] ; (c) Llaingarn, Blaencaron Chapel 1 876 Castlehill MSS, (c) Llaingam >1 876 Castlehill MS 1 ,3 52, Capel Blaen-caron (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Blaencaron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel Llain-gam als. Gwm Croes als. Blaen Caron 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 1 b. 1 875 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 24; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 162] ; b. 1 876 by squire Loxdale of Castlehill (54-a) [ 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron: 1 8]. Capelwesle -(SN 679-595)[capel + n Wesle]; Wesleyan Chapel 1 85 1Rel cens. p.5 57, Methodist Chapel (Wesleyan) OS1891, Tregaron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 280, Meth. Chap. OS 1 904, Y Capel Wesle 1 906 J. J.Morgan p. 66, Capel Wesley Tregaron 1 9 1 1 in 1 977 CER vol.8 p.207 b. 1 840 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 557; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfa11-Tumer: 280; 1 9 1 0 M. E. Morgan: 29; 1 980 E. Edwards: 75] ; b. 1 873-74 [ c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 280; 1 9 1 0 M E. Morgan: 29; 1 980 E. Edwards: 75) ; closed 1 970 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 75 ] . Cefnresgair-fach -(SN 708-584)(cefn + yr + esgair (+ bach)]; [kesker'va:x L. Jones] Cefenrhesgir fach 1 792PR Caron, Cefu yr Esger fach 1 794 Castlehill MSS , Cefu Esgair fach OOS 1 819, Cefen Resger fach 1 822VB Caron, Cefenyresker fach 1 822 Castlehill MSS, Cefnreshetfach 1 822 Castlehill MSS, Cefn-esgair-fiich OS 1 83 4, Cefn-esgair-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Cefnyresgir fach 1 83 9TMS Cefnresgair-fawr -(SN 706-5 82)[cefn + yr + esgair (+ mawr)] ; Cefen yr Esger 1746 Castlehill MSS, Cefenrhesger fawr 1 800PR Caron, Cefn yr Esgair fawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefen Resger fawr 1 822VB Caron, Cefn-yr-esgaer OS 1 834, Cefnyresgir fawr 1 839TMS, Cefn-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-yr-esger 0Sc. 1 950, Cefnresgair fawr 1 977 Barcud n. 9 Cefnrhos -(SN 657-66 1 )[cefn + rhost [keven'hro:s E. Evans] Cefnrhos 1 823PR Lledrod, Cefn-rhos OS 1 89 1 Cerlliau -(SN 701 -61 7)[celliau] ; [Cc) wejn,gar'lige, wejn,gar'iiges 8. Jones] Kellieu Wreindevoy ?? 1 1 81-82( 1285) cart. Ystradftlur, Kelliey 1 666 Cwrt-mawr M8S, Gelliey 1 667 Cwrt-mawr MS 8 , Gellie 1 739 Castlehill MS8, Gellie 1 791sur map, Gellyau 1 790PR Caron, Garllie, (c) Waen Garllie 1 924-26 C8RL8 9, Gwarllcie 1926sur This is a exemplary case of a common place-name element developing out of all recognition. It is obvious that the original Cellrau developed to Gelli"e, thence to * Gerllie, and thence to Gar/he. The form Gar/lie pronounced *gar'iie became gar'iige with my informant, and even gar'iiges, showing the influence of the farm of Garllygest (40-a). Gwaun Cerllfau comprised three fields and a moor (W. gwaun) [inf s. Jones] ; the unlocated house Cerllrau was located somewhere in Parse! Treflyn [ 1 926sur] . Cocsam -(8N (ii)647-644)[coeg ? + sarn]; [k:>ks'arn in£ ] Coxharn 1 822VB Caron, Gog-sam 081 891 , (c) Plantation Cae-sarn (prox.) 08 1 904, Coegsarn 1 9 1 3 J.Evans p.39, Cogsarn 1 93 1 8 .M Powell p. 1 7 The term coc 'heap, pile, stack, haycock' i s common in northern Welsh, and seems t o b e found i n Cocyn (Plas land, 39-a) [ 1 990 E. Jones: 1 10 ] ( cf "yn-i-goce in its tumps, said of hay . . . " (Cwmgwaun, Pembs.) [ 1910 W. M. Morris: 330] ), furthermore the coupling of coc with sam is rather peculiar. Much better is the the adjective coeg lit. 'one-eyed, blind', by extension 'false, useless' qualifying sam 'causeway', on the pattern of coegryd 'worthless ford' [GPC s.v. coegryd) . Coed Carner -(SN 688-61 9)[coed + tn. Carner (33-a)] ; [ko:d'kamer 8. Jones] Tir vach Dan y Coed 1 680 Crosswood M8S, Tuy yn y Coed 1 73 3 Crosswood M88, Ty yn y Coed 17 46 Crosswood M88 , Tyncoed 1 789PR Caron, Tynycoed 1 807PR Caron, Ty'n-y-coed 08 1 834, Coed 0 8 1 89 1 , Cod Carner 1 926sur, Coed 08c. 1 950, Tycoed 08 1 982 This was probably distinct from (c) yng Ngallt Camer [ 1 947 Llenor: 26.72 ] , probably referring to the wood immediately behind Camer-fawr (33-a) . Constant -(SN 657-648)[E. constant] ; [k:>nstant M Owen] Constant 1 822VB Caron, Constant 1 839TMS, Constant OS1 891 =

544

(33) PENNARDD This is a reduced form of either Constantinople ( cf Constant, 48-a), or, feasibly a name such as Constantblow (Lampeter Velfrey, Pembs.) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 5 01 ] . Note the meaning of 'permanent' of constant in dach chi wedi cael lie go gonstant nvan in the Welsh of Bangor (Caerns.) [ 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 28 3 ) . If it is a reduction of Constantinople, it may have been suggested by association with Elen (E. Helen) named in the nearby Same/en (e) [1 931 s. M. Powell: 1 5] Corsneuadd -(SN 692-580)[cors + y + neuadd] ; [blan'nant, g :>rs'ni·ja L. Jones] Glan Nant Coy ? 1 8 1 1PR Caron, Capel Gors-neuadd (Calv. Meth.) OS1 891 , Ysgoldy Gors-neuadd OS 1 904, Ysgoldy Blaen-nant, o Fynydd Corsneuadd 1 904 J.Evans p. 58, 'galwyd hi' Blaennant 'yn ol enw y tY y dechreuwyd yr ysgol ynddo' 1 91 0 M.E.Morgan p. 28, a Gorsneuadd 1 925 Cymru vol. 68 p.43 , Blanant 1 926sur, Cors Neuadd 1 977 Barcud n. 9, Ysgoldy Blaennant 1 977 Barcud n. 12, Gors Neuadd 1 987 B. J.Rawlins p. 1 62 Corsneuadd was a dispersed neighbourhood (cymdogaeth) which did not exist in the early nienteenth century (OOS1819] . "Yn y blynyddoedd 1 846 ac 1 847, tynnwyd rhanau helaeth o fynydd Corsneuadd i mewn, ac adeiladwyd tai amo; ac felly daeth yn ardal boblogaidd. " [1910 M. E. Morgan: 28] . The cymdogaeth sprang up in the years 1 845-50 [ 1 93 6 D. c. Rees: 1 23] and about 1 9 1 6 there were twenty families living here [1977 Barcud: 9] . The sunday school was built about 1 8 54 [ 1 977 Barcud: 12] or about 1 865 [ 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 162]. The Sunday school's name Blaennant refers to Nant-fach(ii) (d); cf Blaennant-fach (33-a) . Croes-fechan -(SN 732-603)[hn. Croes-fechan] ; [kr:>js've·x,an L. Jones, kro:s'vex,an Rh. Hughes, S. Jones] Groes-fechan OS 1 89 1 , Croesfechan 1 926sur, Croes fechan 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4 Crynfryn-bychan -(SN 649-586)(crwn + bryn (+ bychan)] ; [kr�m·b�x,a n in£] Cryn:fryn 1 678/79 Llanllawddog MSS p.30, Cryn:fryn bychan 1 760CF, Crynbryn bychan 1 793PR Caron, Cryn:fryn OOS 1 8 19, Crynfryn OS1 834, Cryn:fryn-bychan OS1891, Crynbychan 1 926sur The -bychan appears to be in opposition to Crynfryn (41-a). Cwmberwyn -(SN 7 1 8-582)[cwm + hn Berwyn] ; [kum'berwm L. Jones] Tythyn Llawr Cwrn Berwyn 1 642 Castlehill MSS, Tuy mawr ar lawr Cwrn Berwyn 1 663/64 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Y Tuy mawr ar Llawr Cwm Berwyn 1 720 Castlehill MSS, Cwm Berwyn 1 728 F. Green MSS vol. 1 8 p . 3 75, Cwm Berwin 1 760map E.Bowen, Cwrn Berwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Coomberwen 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MSS, Cwm Berwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-berwyn OS1834, Cwmberwen 1 83 9TMS, Cwmberwyn upper + lower 1 874 Castlehill MSS, Cwm-berwyn OS 1 891 Cwmnant -(SN 691 -588)[cwrn + y + nant] ; [kum'nant L. Jones] Cwrn y Nant 1 760CF, Cwmnant 1 79 1 sur map, Cwrn Nant OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwmnant fawr 1 839TMS, Cwm­ nant OS 1 891 Cwmnant-fach -(SN 691 -588)[cwm + y + nant (+ bach)] ; [kumnant'va:x; L. Jones] Cwmnantfach Tannery 1 881 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 53, Cwmnant-fach 1 822VB Caron, Cwm-nant­ rach (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-nant-rach OS1904, Cwmnant fach 1926sur Cwmnant-ucha -(SN 690-586)[cwm + y + nant (+ ucha±)] ; Cwm-nant-uchaf 0S l 891 , Cwmnant uchaf 1926sur Cwmrolchfa -(SN 721 -601)[cwm + yr + golchfa] ; [kum'r:>lx,va Rh. Hughes] Cwm-y-golchfa OS189 1 , Cwrn-yr-olchfa OS1 904, Cwmrolchfa 1 976 Canrn. Blaencaron p. 1 4 Cyrtau -(SN 701 -603)[cyrtiau] ; [k�rte L . Jones] Cyrte 1 791 sur map, (c) Rhosy-curte (prox.) 1795 Derry Ormond MSS, Curtau 1 803map J. Singer, Curte 1 8 1 8sur map, Cyrtau OOS 1 82 1 , Cyrtau OS1834, (c) Rhos-y-cyrtau 1 834 Derry Ormond MSS, Cyrti 1 839TMS, Cyrtiau OS 1 891, Cyrtau O S 1 904 Deildre -(SN 658-600) [dail + trefJ; [dddre inf.] Tyr y Dildre 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Dildre 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Tyldre 1 785PR Caron, Dildre 1 791 sur map, Dildre OOS 1 8 1 9, Dildre OS 1 834, Dildre OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dani'r Dildre 1 968 Cardi n. 3 p. 1 4 Deri-Garon -(SN 656-593)[deri + tn. Caron (e)] ; [deri'gar:>n F . Evans] o Deri Garon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 3 8, Derygaron 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir Dery Garon 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Dderi Garon 1 734 Bronwydd MSS , Ddery Garon 1758 Bronwydd MSS, Deri Garon 1 794PR Llangeitho, Deri Garon OOS 1 8 1 9, Deri Garon OS 1 834, Deri Garon OS 1 891 The distinguisher is in opposition to Deri-Odyn (38-a). Derlwyn -(SN 662-604)[derw + llwyn] ; [derlun, derlun,glan'tejvi M. James] Derllwyn 1684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Derlwyn 1 760CF, Dellwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Derlwyn OS 1 834, Derlwyn OS 1 891 545

(33) PENNARDD Diffwys -(SN 732-577)[diffwys] ; [difus D. Jones] Llyest y Dy:ffwys 1 720 Castlehill MSS, Diffwys 1 8 1 0PR Caron, Diffwy s OOS 1 8 1 9, Diffws OOS 1 82 1 , Diffws 1 936 D . C. Rees p. 57, Y Diffwys 1 99 1 Cardi n. 1 8 Compare the mountain called Dif.fwys (SH 66-23, Llanelltyd, Mers.) and Cwmdif.fwys (SO 01-81, Llandinam, Monts.). DOidre -(SN 678-594)[d61 + y + trefJ ; [do:l'dre: in£ ] Doldre OS 1 89 1 , Dol-dre OS 1 904, Doldref 1 904 J.Evans p.48, Dol-dref 1 977 CER vol. 8 p.204

Dolfelen -(SN 689-598)[ dol + melen] ; Dolevelen 1 723 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ddolfelen 1 794PR Caron, Dolfelen 1 8 1 6VB Caron, Dol y Felin OOS 1 82 1 , Do1-y-fe1yn OS 1 834, Dolfe1en 1 926sur

Dollty -(SN 679-597)[dollty]; Toll House 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl282, Hen Doll-dy (desc.?) 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p. l 3,

Y 'Doll-dy' 1 924

D. Thomas MS B-86 p. 28

[ 1664 CD) ; toll paid at Dolfor House [ 1 936 D. c. Rees: 1 2 3 ] ; "yn sefyll ar yr heol Fanog at present (inf.)] , ac allan i'r briffordd o'r Bont i'r dref; ond mae pob olion o'r tY wedi eu symud er's blynyddoedd." [ 1913 M. E. Morgan: 13 ] ; that a Tolls of markets and fairs

sy'n arwain o'r New Lamb Inn uwchlaw y North End [i. e.

tollhouse was place on what is now a back-road strongly suggests that the present main road from

Sgwar-fach (33-c) to Pont Rhydfendigaid (58-a) did not exist, but replaced an earlier main road that went from Sunnyside and connected with the present line of the main road at the top of the ascent above the

Dollty (18-a). (c) Cayr Fair (SN 679-598) [ l 818sur map] ; see Ffair Garon (sub Tregaron, 33-a) ; it is only in the 1 870s that a systematic holding of markets began in Tregaron, with a monthly fair (on the ftrst Tuesday) in Sgwar-fawr (33-c) [ 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5] . Efail-fach -(SN 665-645)[yr + efail + bach]; [hri:d�'ma:n M. Owen] present Bryncaron; cf

Efel fach 1 8 14PR Lledrod, Efail fach OOS 1 82 1 , Efel fach 1 822VB Caron, Efail-fach OS 1 834, Efelfach 1 83 9TMS, Efail-:fftch OS 1 89 1 , Efail-rach 0Sc. 1 950, Rhydymaen O S 1 982

Eithin-bach -(SN c. 687- 5 82)[eithin + bach] ; Clwt O S 1 834, Clwt 1 926sur, Eithynbach als. Cae Twm 1 977 Barcud n. 9

Esgair -(SN 665-652)[ esgair] ; [esker M. Owen] Kevvenpervet ? 1 1 8 1-82(1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Esceir Perwerth 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Yr Eskeyr Perveth >1 246(1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Eskeyr Perveth >1282( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Esker Berveth 1 577rent, Eskyr Berveth ganol 1 598 in 1 93 8 E . G. Jones, Esker Bervethe 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 9 5 5) p. 1 05, Eskir Berwedd ganol 1 633 Crosswood MSS, Esker Berveth canol 1 63 9 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Bervedd 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Bervedd ycha ? 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Eskir Bervedd ycha ? 1 742 Crosswood MS S, Escir Berwedd ucha ? 1 742/43 Crosswood MSS, Tythin Esker Pervedd ganol 1 755 Llanllawddog MSS p. 59, Esgir Berfedd ucha ?, Esgir 1 78 1 sur map, Rhesger 1 792PR Caron, Esger Bervedd 1 799PR Caron, Esgair OOS 1 82 1 , Esgair OS 1 834, Esgir vawr 1 83 9TMS

It seems likely that this was originally known as Esgairberfedd-ganol, and that Esgairberfedd-ucha originally referred to Blaenresgair (33-a), as the alias Blaenresgair established itself - it is ftrst attested in 1 722 - the -ucha gravitated naturally to the former Esgairbeifedd-ganol, as can be seen from the map of 1 78 1 ; see Pont-ar-Gamddwr (33-a). Esgairmaen-fach -(SN 655-639) [ esgair + y + maen (+ bach)] ; [esker,ma:n'va:z M. Owen] Esger y Maen fach 1 73 8 Crosswood MSS, Esgirmaen vach 1 768rent Crosswood, Esgir maen vach 1 78 1 sur map, Esgair-maen-fach OS 1 834, Esgirmaen fach 1 839TMS, Esgair-maen-:fftch OS1 891

Esgairmaen-fawr -(SN 65 1 -64 1 )[esgair + y + maen (+ mawr)] ; [esker,ma:n'vowr M Owen, sker'ma:n M. Davies,

esker'ma:n M

Harries,

�,resker'mejni

(coli. ) M. James,

sker'mejni

(coli.)

M

Davies]

Esker y Mayn 1 577rent £ 3 3 , Esker y Mayne 1 63 6 Crosswood MSS, Esgyr Maen 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Maen 1 7 1 1 Crosswood MSS, Eskirvain 1 760CF, Esgir Maen fawr 1 768rent Crosswood, Esgir maen vawr 1 781 sur map, Esgermaen 1 792PR Caron, Esgair Maen OOS 1 82 1 , Esgair-maen-fawr O S 1 834, Esgirmaen fawr 1 83 9TMS, Esgair-maen-fawr OS 1 89 1

Esgairmaen-ganoi -(SN 652-64 1 )[ esgair + y + maen (+ canol) ] ; [esker,ma:n'gan:>l M Owen] Esgir y Maen ganol 1 760CF, Esgir Maen ganol l 768rent Crosswood, Esgir Maen ganol 1 78 1 sur map, Esgermaen ganol 1 792PR Caron, Esgair Maen ganol OOS 1 82 1 , Esgirmaen ganol 1 83 9TMS, Esgair­ maen-ganol OS 1 89 1

Esgairmaen-newydd -(SN 654-640)[esgair + y + maen (+ newydd)] ; Esgair-maen-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Esgermanewydd 1 926sur

546

(33) PENNARDD Ffatri Penbont -(SN 667-607)[ffatri + tn. Penbont(i) (33-a)] ; Old Mil1 1 79 1 sur map, Factory 1 8 1 1PR Caron, Factory OOS 1 8 1 9, Factory, Penbont 1 904 J.Evans p. 6 1 , Penbont (Factory) 1 926sur, Penybont, Penbont-fach 1 936 D. C.Rees p. 68

Ffatri Penpompren -(SN 693-596) [ffatri + tn. Penpompren (33-a)]; (c44) Factory 1 83 9TMS, Penpompbren (Factory) 1 926sur, Penbontbren 1 936 D . C.Rees p. 68 Ffatri Tanrallt -(SN 699-603)[ffatri + tn. Tanrallt[-ucha] (33-a)] ; Tan-yr-allt Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Factory Tanyrallt 1 907 J.Evans p.23, Tanyrallt 1 936 D. C.Rees p.68

Fforest -(SN 673-5 80)[fforest]; Tire y Fforest 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir y Fforest 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Fforest 1 78 4PR Caron, Forest 1 79 1 sur map, Forrest 1 8 1 8sur map, Fforest OOS 1 8 1 9, Fforest OS 1 891

Ffoshalog -(SN 661 - 587)[ffos + halog] ; [fo:s'abg in£ , fo:s'habg F . Evans] Ffoshalog 1 802PR Caron, Ffos Halog OOS 1 8 1 9, Frosballog 1 822VB Caron, Ffos-halog O S 1 834, Ffos­ heulog OS 1 89 1 , Ffos-heulog 0Sc. l 950, Glendale OS 1 982

halog 'dirty' tended to be interpreted wishfully as heulog, cf. Dolhalog (45-a); cf. Rhydhalog (32-a). Ffwlbroc -(SN 669-628)[E. foul + brook] ; [fulbr:lk J. T. Rees] Because of its connotations, the term

Fulbrooke 1 63 8 Crosswood MS S, Ceven Full Brook 1 768rent Crosswood, Fulbrook 1 791 sur map, Fullbrog 1 81 5VB Caron, Fullbrook 1 8 1 8sur map, Fullbrook OOS 1 82 1 , Fullbrook OS 1 834, Fullbrook OS 1 89 1 , Ffwlbrog 'ar lafar gwlad' 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 25 1

A fifth part of an ancient tenement called Llwyngwinau [1638 Crosswood MSS) . The name refers to the stream now called Nant Tynswydd (d), and was understood by D. H. Williams [1 984: 308] to refer to 'fulling' carried out along its banks, though the meaning 'dirty stream' (lit. 'foul brook') is just as credible,

Fullbrook the alias of Maesglas (E. Greenfield, Holywell, Flints.), noted Fulebroc Fulebrok 1 292 [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 226; 1 959 E. J. Davies: 58], as well as Fulbrook (Bucks., Oxon., War.) [1984 M. Gelling: 1 5] . The name Fulebroke was given in a document of 1 485 to a stream adjoining Llandovery (Carms.) [ 1938 R. J. Thomas: 1 55], and though there are difficulties one is tempted to equate it with the present hn. Bawddwr 'dirt water'. The appearance of the name Ffwlbroc in such a Welsh area so and is the meaning given to 1 086,

early, and apparently unconnected with any mansion, is unexplained. The original form is likely to have

Fullbrog 1 81 5, Ffwlbrog 'ar lafar gwlad' 1 969, and hn. Ffwlbro. Other examples of this English name in traditional Welsh-speaking areas are: Fullbrook (SN 98-77, St Harmon, Rads.); hn. Fulbrook (prox. Ruthin, Denbs.) [ c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 1 . 1 47] , and sub Gwaunffulbro (8a). been F.fwlbrog rather than F.fwlbroc, cf. the spellings,

the

Ficrej -(SN 684-599)[E. vicarage] ; Ddol 1 785PR Caron, The Parsonage-House 1 808 S . R Meyrick p.25 1 , Ddol OOS 1 82 1 , Ddol als. Vicarage 1 822VB Caron, Vicarage 1 839TMS, Vicarage OS 1 89 1 ,

Y Ddol, Vicarage 'now' c. 1 980 WFM

MS 2670/4

Fleinog -(SN 688-594)[y + ? ] ; [vlejn ;, g in£ ] Caeau'r Flinog 1 822VB Caron, (c59) Penbleinog, (c60) Tanbleinog, Flinog cottage 1 839TMS, Flynog O S 1 8 9 1 , Fleinog OS 1 904, o'r Fleinog 1 925 Cyrnru vol. 68 p. 42, Felinog 1 926sur, Y Flaenog 1 979a E.Jones p. 9

An explanation through a derivative in -iog of the word hilain (borrowed from F. vilain in the twelfth century, cf. Ffosbleiddaid, 56-a) is tempting, as it lies on the stream that separated the rest of the lordship of Pennardd (e) from Croes-a-Berwyn (e), formerly known as Faenorgaeth 'the bond maenor'. However, it is questionable if such an archaic construction was productive in the twelfth century, and as I do not know of any similarly constructed place-names I prefer comparing Fleinog to the manor of Meleniauc [n om,; CPSJ Brecon: 64] (SO 1 8-39, Glasbmy, Brees.), which is written Melinog by W. Rees [c. 1 350(1 933)map]. Its meaning is not clear to me, but may have a cognate in Melyniog (SJ 22-20, Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain, Monts.), Meleniog 1 608, though the pronunciation .e'S'me'l�nj:lg'vawr [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 379] is problematic as far as connecting it with Fleinog is concerned. Fronfelen -(SN 701 -6 1 3)[y + bron + melen] ; Fronfelen 1 8 1 8sur map, Bronfelin OOS 1 82 1 , Bron-felen O S 1 834, Fron-felen OS 1 89 1

Fron Villa -(SN 662-589)[y + bron + E. villa] ; Tir y Vron ? 1 614 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Fron-villa OS 1 89 1

547

(33) PENNARDD Inexistent [ 1 791 sm map]. Gamwen -(SN 720-604)[y + earn + gwen] ; [garnwen L. Jones, garn'wen L. Jones, S. Jones] Garnwen 1 839TMS Gelli-wen -(SN 699-590)[y + celli + gwen] ; Celly Wen 1 785PR Caron, Gelly Wen 1 793PR Caron, Gelliwen 1 926sur Gemant -(SN 689-593)[ger + nant] ; Gernant OS1 982 Glanrafonddu -(SN 703 -593)[glan + yr + afon + du] ; [glan,rav:m'�i: S. Jones] Glanyrafon ? 1 728 F. Green MSS vol. l 8 p.374, Glan yr Mon 1 791 sur map, Glan'rafon Ddu OOS 1 82 1 , Glan'-rafon-ddu OS 1 83 4, Glan-yr-afon-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Glanrafonddu 1 926sur Glanrafon-isa -(SN 706-609)[glan + yr + afon (+ isaf)] ; [glan'rav:>n, g la,rav:>n'i:Ja L. Jones] Glanrafan isa 1 803map J. Singer, Glan'rafon isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Glan'-rafon-isaf OS1 834, Glan-yr-afon-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Glamafon isa 1 926sur Glanrafon-ucha -(SN 71 1 -609)[glan + yr + afon (+ uchaf)]; Glanrafan ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Glanyrafon ucha 1 8 1 8sur map, Glan'rafon uchaf OOS 1 82 1 , Glan'rafon-uchaf O S 1 834, Glan-yr-afon-uchaf O S 1 891 Glanbrennig -(SN 674-591 )[glan + hn. Brennig]; Tythyn Glan Brennig 1 704 Castlehill MSS, Tyr Glann Brennigge, Glan Brennigg 1 706/07 Castlehill MSS, Tir Glan Brennig als. Aber Brennig 1 707 Castlehill MS S, Glanbrennig 1 728 F. Green MSS vol. 1 8 p. 374, Glanbrenig 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Glan Brenig 1 760CF, Glan Brennig 1 792PR Caron, Brenig OOS 1 81 9, Glan-brennig OS1 891 Glangors -(SN 687-58 1 )[glan + y + cors]; [lan'g:>rs L. Jones, glaJ]'g:>rs I. Jones] Glan-gors OS 1 891 , Glangors 1 926sur Glangors-fach -(SN 7 1 5-594)[glan + y + cors] ; [lan,g:>rs'va:x L. Jones, lau,g:>rs'va:x S. Jones, b�km, b�kiiJ, pn. d3ah'b�km L. Jones, �'bikm S. Jones] Llangors-fiic h OS 1 89 1 , Glangorsfach 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4, Y Bwth neu'r Bycyn 'locally' 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4 b. c. l 840-60 by a woman who used to say "sen i'n cael Bycingam Palas newiden i ddim" [inf. L . Jones]; abandoned 1 92 1 -22 [inf S . Jones] Glanrhyd -(SN 657-657)[glan + y + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d, g lan'hri:d E. Evans] Glan-rhyd OS 1 891 Greystones -(SN 684-599) [E.tn. Greystones (Co. Wicklow)] ; Greystones OS 1 982 Gwarallt -(SN 702-577)[gwar + yr + alit] ; [gwar'alt L. Jones] Gwar-allt O S 1 891 Gwarcastell -(SN 722-607)[gwar + y + castell]; [gwar'kastcl L. Jones, S. Jones] (c897) Cae r Ochor CastelL (c896) Bane y Castell (prox.), Gwarcastell 1 83 9TMS, Gwarcastell 1 80(f% Nanteos fpls., Gwar-castell O S 1 891 The name is in reference to a hill at SN 71 8-607. Gwardrosgl -(SN 686-581) [gwar + tn. Drosgl (33-b)]; [gwar'dr�sk:>l J. Williams, I. Jones] Gwar-drysgol OS1 89 1 Gwarffynnon(i) -(SN 727-606)(Blaencaron) [gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'f�n:m S. Jones] Pantyffyno n n 1 83 9TMS, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Gwar:ffynnon 1 926sur Gwarffynnon(ii) -(SN 688-582)(Drosgl)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'f�n:>n I. Jones] Gwar-:ffynon n OS 1 89 1 Gwaungroes -(SN 7 1 7-603)[gwaun + hn . Croes] ; [wejn'gro:s S . Jones] Wayn y Groes, Waun y Gires 1 839TMS, Waun-groes OS 1 89 1 , Waengros 1 926sur, Y Waungroes 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4 Gwema -(SN 686-596)[gwern + pn. Aedd ? ] ; [warn'a: S . Jones] Wernnadd 1 748 Castlehill MSS, Wernadd 1 752 Castlehill MSS, Worna 1 839TMS, Werna OS 1 89 1 , Wern-a O S 1 904 Cf Llannerchaer (Pembs.) +-- Llannerchaedd, the medial as old as 1 600, Landyrkayth 1 325 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 94] ; cf eryr ___,. erydd, arfer ___,. aifedd [ 1 906 H. Owen: 3.354] . Gwndwnmelyn -(SN 693-578) [gwndwn + melyn] ; [gondon'melm L. Jones] .

548

(33) PENNARDD Bwlch-newydd (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Gwndwn-melyn OS 1 904 The Hollies -(SN 665-644)[E. the + hollies] ; The Hollies OS1 982 Llain -(SN 701 -5 85) [llain] ; [lajn F. Evans] Llain OS 1 891 Llainlas -(SN 662-621 )[llain + glas]; in£ Lletemddu -(SN 643-591)[lletem + du]; Llettemddu 1 83 1PR Llangeitho, Llettern Ddu, Lletty Ddu 1 839TMS, Llettem-ddu OS 1 89 1 C f Penlletem (55-a). Llety-degwm -(SN 699-599)[llety + yr + degwm] ; [letir'degom S. Jones] Lletty y Degwm 1 793PR Caron, (c) Ca Llety y Degwm 1 8 1 8sur map, Llett-y-Degwm OS1 834, Llettydegwm 1 839TMS, Lleterdegwm 1 926sur Llety-Fourig -(SN 692-592)[llety + pn. Meurig] ; [leti'v:>jng T. Morgan, Rh. Hughes, klap :fini Rh. Hughes] Llettuy Veirick 1 668 Crosswood MSS, Lletty Viricke 1 672 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lletty Ferrig 1 757 Castlehill MSS, Cnap Siny 1 799PR Caron, Clapsinny 1 803map J. Singer, Clapshini 1 8 1 1PR Caron, Clapsini 1 81 2PR Caron, Clapsinny 008 1 8 1 9, Llettyfoirig + Cnapsini 1 822VB Caron, Cnap-Sinni OS1 834, Cnap Jinny, Cnap Sinny + Llettyfeurig, Lletty Feuric 1 83 9TMS, Lletty Feurig, 'original name' Claspsini 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p.24, Clapjini 1926sur, Lletty-meurig OS 1 89 1 The list o f 1 822 [ VB Caron] suggests that Llety-Fourig and Clapsini were different dwellings, however Clapsini was accounted the original name of Llety-Fourig [ 1924 D. Thomas MS B-86: 24] . Llidiardcoch -(SN 689-585)[1lidiart + coch] ; [bdjard'ko:x I. Jones] Red Gate OS 1 89 1 , Llidiart-roch OS1 904, Llidiart Coch 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p. 46, Llidiart Coch 1 926sur, Llidiard Coch 1 977 Barcud no. 9 Lluest Abercaeau -(SN 71 9-603)[lluest + tn. Abercaeau] ; Lluast Abercaeau 1 839TMS, Lluestaberceie 1 926sur An old schoolhouse (ysgoldy) [inf s. Jones] . Llwyndryw -(SN 699- 5 98)[llwyn + y + dryw] ; Llwyn y Drew 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn y Dryw 1739 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn y Driw 1 745 Crosswood MS S, Llwyndriw 1 768rent Crosswood, Bronhyfuant als. Llwyndriw 1 769rent Crosswood, Bron Hyfuant als. Llwyn y Driw (sic) 1 78 1 sur map, Llwyndriw 1 791 sur map See Brynhownant (33-a). Llwyngaru -(SN 705-589)[llwyn + n Caru] ; Llwygary, Llwyngary 1 750 Castlehill MSS, Llwyn Gary 1 760CF, Pant y Gary (sic) 1 760map E.Bowen, Llwyngari 1 792PR Caron, Llwyn y Garreg (sic) OOS1 821 , Llwynygarry 1 822VB Caron, Llwyn-y-gary OS1 834, (c49) Cae Ty Hen pella + canol (prox.) 1 839TMS, Llwynganey 1 882 Castlehill MSS, Llwyn­ caru OS 1 891 , Llwyn-garu OS1 904, Llwyngarn 1 904 J.Evans p.62 If the meaning of Llwyngarn is similar to that of Lovesgrove als. Lifin (68-a), with the neo-Classical romantic personification of Love (W. Carn) personified, then we can posit a relatively late coining. All the above would fit the traditional account, given by M. E. Morgan [ 191 1 : 36] , of a certain a land-owning woman of the mid eighteenth century remembered as Ladi Llwyngarn. It is not fanciful to suspect that it was she who built the present Llwyngarn, by at least 1 750 (according to our attestations above), the house which preceding house - remembered as ry hen - lying a little to the E of the present Llwyngarn. Llwyngefis -(SN 663-653)[llwyn + ?] ; [lojn'geVIS M. Owen] Tythin Llwyn y Gevis 1 755 Llanllawddog MSS p. 59, Llwyn Gevis 1 78 1 sur map, Llwynge:fis 1 795PR, Llwyn Gefis OOS 1 82 1 , Llwyngafis 1 839TMS, Llwyn-gefus OS1 891 Llwyngwinau-isa -(SN 670-634)[llwyn + gwinau (+ isaf)]; [lojn,gwme'isa M. Owen] 'inter Vuarth Caraun et' Dinas Drit Wir ? 1 1 84(1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Dinas Drigwyr ? >1246( 1 33 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Dinas Dritwyr 'usque Ayron' ? >1 282(1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Lloyn Guyney 1 5 77rent £36, Llooyn Gwynn 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p.68, Llwyn y Gwiney 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn y Gwinne 1 638 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn y Gwynne 1 678 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Gwynne 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Gwyne issa 1 769 Crosswood MSS, Llwynygwine issa 1 768rent Crosswood, Llwyn Gwine issa 1 781 sur map, Llwynygwenau 1 793PR Caron, Llwyn Gwyni 008 1 821, Llwyn-y­ gwineu OS 1 834, Llwyngwynai 1843TMS Lledrod, Llwyngwyne 1926sur, Llwyn-gwinau OS 1 891 549

(33) PENNARDD The equation of Llwyngwinau to 'Dinasdrygwyr is not assured (Buarthcaron may be nearby Tynberth, 33a) , but as the name is assuredly in the grange of Blaenaeron, and is assuredly the name of a fortified spot - the castell behind Llwyngwinau suggests itself as the most obvious fortification within the grange after Castellf.llemis, which is also mentioned in the charter; "The second element could be either drudwyr 'heroes', cf. Cerrig y Drudion, from drud 'brave', or drygwyr 'malefactors' from drwg 'evil'. The name may refer to some local tradition. " [ 1 972a M. Richards: 385]; of those two words I prefer the well-attested term drygwr ( 1 3thcent. ), which accords better with the extant spellings, as well as for the fact that drudwr 'hero' is attested only once in the fifteenth century, the more usual term being drud (pl. drudion) ( 1 2ilicent.) [GPC s.v. drud, d:rudwr, drygwr] ; cf (c) Cildrygwr (SH 53-43, Dolbenmaen, Caerns.); see Castell (33-b). Llwyngwinau-ucha -(SN 669-634)[llwyn + gwinau (+ uchaf)] ; [lujn,gwme'�za M. Owen] Llwyn Gwynne ycha 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Llwynygwine ycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Llwyn Gwine ucha 1 78 1 sur map

Llwynrhwch -(SN 703-629)[llwyn + yr + hwch] ; [lun'ru:z L. Jones] Llwyn yr Hwch 1 627 Castlehill MSS, Tir Llwyn yr Hwch 1 629 Castlehill MSS, Tir Llwyn yr Hwgh 1 63 1 Castlehill MSS, Llwyn y Knwck ? 1 643 Crosswood MSS, Llwynyrwch 1 728 F . Green MS S vol. l 8 p. 375 , Llwynyrhwch 1 79 l sur map, Llwynrhwch 1 793PR Caron, LlwYnrhwch 1 795PR Caron, Llwyn y r Hwch OOS 1 82 1 , Llwyn-yr- hwch OS 1 89 1 C f Llwynmochyn (33-a).

Llwynmochyn -(SN 701 -61 9)[llwyn + y + mochyn] ; [lujn'm:lzin S. Jones] Lletyrwyn (sic) 1 839TMS, Llwynmochyn 1 925 Cymru vol. 68 p. 144, Llwynmochyn 1 926sur, Llwyn Mochyn 1 976 Canm.Blaencaron p.23 This is a name paired to Llwynrhwch (33-a). It was located some two or three fields from Llwynrhwch; letir'ujn was understood to be a piece of land to the sw of Llwynmochyn which was so named because it was a sheltered spot for lambs [inf. s. Jones] . Llwynunig -(SN 654-645)[llwyn + unig] ; [lujn'�mg E . Evans] Ty newydd O S 1 834, Llwyn-unig OS 1 89 1 , Llwynunig 1 926sur

Llyseinon -(SN 679-598)[llys + pn Einion]; Castell Inon ? 1 760map E.Bowen, Llys Einon OS 1 83 4, Llys-einon OS 1 89 1 , a Chasten Einon ? 1 901 Cymru vol. 2 1 p. 226, Llys Einion 1 9 1 8 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 3 1

Maes-yr-awei -(SN 679-598)[maes + yr + awel] ; Maesyrawel OS1 982

Maesglas -(SN 667-621 )[maes + glas ] ; Mais Glas 1 1 8 1-82(1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Mays Glas 1 1 84(1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Y Mais Glas >1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Maesglas 1 577rent £ 3 6, Maes Glase 1 6 1 8- 1 9rent, Maesglasse 1 636 Crosswood MSS, Maesglasse 1 728 Crosswood MSS, Maes-glas 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Maesglas OOS 1 82 1 , Mas Glas 1 822PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Maes-glas OS 1 89 1

Maesllyn -(SN 690-63 l ) [maes + y + llyn] ; [ma:s'l�n p. c. Gw. Jones, mas'l�n M . Owen, mas'lm D. Jones, majs'lm W. Owen] Mais Tref Linn 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Maes Llin 1 577rent f l O, Mayes Clynn 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 9 5 5) p. 68, Mayes Llyn 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 1 05, Maes y Llyn 1 678 Crosswood MSS, Maes y Llynne 1 682/83 Crosswood MSS, Maes y Llynn 1 690rent £ 2 1 , Maes y Llyn ycha + issa 1 72 1 Crosswood MSS, Maes Suliean 1 760map E.Bowen, Maes Sultan 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. , Maes y Llyn 1 79 1 sur

map, Maesllyn 1 794PR, Maesllyn 1 803map J. S inger, Maesllyn OOS 1 821

Maesllyn Cottage -(SN 691 -624)[tn. Maesllyn (33-a) + E. cottage] ; Maes-llyn Cottage OS 1 891 , Maes-llyn Cottage 0Sc. l 950, Glan Gors OS 1 982

Maes-y-meillion -(SN 681 -605)[maes + y + meillion] ; Maes-y-meillion OS 1 982

Melin Ffwlbroc -(SN 66 1 -625)[melin + tn. Ffwlbroc (33-a)] ; Molendinum 1 577rent £ 3 6, 'water corn mill' Ffulbroch 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. l 06, 'suit at' Fulbrooke Mill 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS, Fullbrooke Mill 1 643 Crosswood MSS, Fulbrook Mil1 1 70 1 /02 Crosswood MSS, Fullbrook-Mill 1 795PR Caron, Fulbrook Mill 1 83 9TMS, Felin Fullbrook 0Sc. 1 950, Melin Full Brook 1 967 E. Jones p. 59, Felin Ffwlbrog 1 969 CER vol.6 p.25 1 , Fwlbroc Mill 1 992 B. G. Charles p. 1 94

Melin Tregaron -(SN 682-597)[melin + tn. Tregaron (33-a)]; 550

(33) PENNARDD Melin Caron als. Melin Tregaron 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Melin Garon als. Melin'r Arglwydd als. The Lords Mill ;within the town and liberties of Tregaron' 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pensingrig (prox.) 1 795 Derry Ormond MSS, (c) Cae Pensingrug (prox. ) 1 809 in 1 936 S .M.Powell p . 78, Tregaron Mili 1 83 9TMS, i Felin y Dref 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p.27

Moelau -(SN 738-594)[moelau] ; [vagunj'als�'bejli S. Jones] Moele 1 926sur

Nantcou -(SN 694-585) (nant + caut [nan'k=>j L. Jones] Nantcou 1 807PR Caron, Nant Goy O S 1 834, Nant-goy OS 1 89 1 , Nant-cou OS 1 904, Nantcoi 1 926sur, Nantcoy 1 977 Barcud n. 9

Nantylles -(SN 698-607)[nant + y + dylles(t) ? ] ; [ nant ;Mes inf , n ant ies S. Jones] (c) Llain John ap Evan Prees ar warr Nant u Dulles 1 73 0 Derry Ormond MSS, Nantylles 1 760CF, '

'

Nantulles 1 193 Derry Ormond MSS, Nantyllys 1198PR Caron, 1\fantulles als. Penycefen (sic) 1 8 1 9 Derry Ormond MS S, Nant Llys OOS 1 821 , Nant-y-llys OS 1 834, Nantulles als. Penycefen Nantulles 1 834 Derry Ormond MSS, Nantyllaes 1 854 Derry Ormond MSS, Nant-y-llys 08 1 89 1 , Nantylles (Nant y Dylles) 1 901 Cymru vol. 2 1 p.225, Nant-ylles 08 1 904, Nant-y-dylles 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p. 2 1 , Nantylles 1 926sur The term dyllest or dylles occurs in Cwmdyllest ( 14-a), but its meaning is far from clear. It is conceivable that in this particular place-name we have a haplology of the the term ellylles 'she-goblin, hag, sorceress, witch\ cf Nantylles (d)� cf Carregylles (32-a)� Dylles (SN 80-27, Myddfai, Canns. ), Dulles vach 1 191 [1991 D.

B. James: 67, 225, 237] . Nantronnen -(SN 69 1 -5 84)[nant + yr + onnent [ nant r=>nen inf.] '

Nant-yr-onen OS1 904, Nantyronnen 1 977 Barcud n.9 Existent [OS1891 ]. This name refers to Nant-fach(ii) (d).

Nantsemi -(SN 662-582)[nant + y + semi] � [nant'serni F. Evans] (c) Llain Nant Serny 1 760 Castlehill MSS, (c) Cae Nant 8arni 1 839TMS, Nant-sarnau OS 1 89 1 , Nantserni l 926sur The term semi appears to be a variant plural of sam (usually samau), which seems probable as the road crosses this stream near to the (medieval?) motte of T'omen Llanio (32-b).

Neuaddlas -(SN 668-6 1 4)[neuadd + glas] ; Neuadd Las OS 1 982

Ochr Brynlloi -(SN 725-606) [ochr + tn. BrynlloiJ; [o·z=>r,brm'bj L. Jones, oz=>r,brm'bj S . Jones] Ochor Brinlloy 1 839TMS, Ochr-bryn-lloi OS 1 89 1 , Ochor Brynllo1 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 14 Abandoned c. l 926 [inf s. Jones] .

Ochr Deri-Garon -(SN 661 -590)[ochr + tn. Deri-Garon (33-a)]; [ro·z=>r inf , oz=>r F. Evans] Ochor Dderi Garon 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Ochor Ddery-garon 1 758 Bronwydd MSS, Ochor Deri Garon 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Ochir Dery Garon, Ochor Dery Garon 1 791 sur map, Ochyr Deri Garon OOS1 8 1 9, Ochr Dderi Garon 08 1 834, Ochr-Dderi-Garon 08 1 89 1 , Ochor 0 8 1 904

Ochrgarreg -(SN 695-586)[ochr + y + carreg] � Ochor y Garreg 1 793PR Caron, Ochyr Garreg OOS 1 8 1 9, Ochyr-Garreg OS 1 834, Ochor Garreg 1 839TMS, Ochr-gareg OS 1 89 1

Open-green -(SN 73 1 - 576)(E. open + green}; (op�n'grl:n D. Jones, =>p�n'gri:n Rh. Hughes] Tynewydd 1 827VB Caron, Open Green OS 1 891 Rees Thomas lived in Ty-newydd in 1 827 [VB Caron]. Pant-y-boody -(SN 679-5 9 1 )[pant + y + beudy] ; ( pant�' b=>jd i I. Jones,

(c) ka pant� b=>jdi F. Evans} -,

'

Pantyboidy 1 792PR Caron, Pant y Beidy 1 8 1 2PR Caron, Pant y Boidy 1 8 1 8sur map, Darnel Pantybeudu 1 901 Cymru vol. 3 0 p . 58, Pantyboidi 1 926sur

Pantcou -(SN 693-582)[pant + cau]� Pen-hereg (sic) 0S l 89l , Pant-cou OS 1 904

Pant-y-craf -(SN 7 1 3-614)[pant + y + craf}; (panb'kra: L. Jones] Pantcraf 1 797PR Caron, Pant y Crave 1 8 1 8sur map, Pant y Craf 00S 1 82 1 , Pant y Craf OS 1 834, Pant-y­ craff OS 1 89 1, Pont-y-craf 08 1 904, Panty Croff 1 9 1 8 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 93 , Pantycraff 1 936 D. C.Rees p. 22, Pantcraf l 978 Barcud n.26 Pantddafad -(SN 698-512)(pant + y + dafad]; Pant-y-ddafad OS 1 89 1 , Pantdda:fud 1 926sur

Pantfallen -(SN 698-594)[pant + yr + afallen] � (pan'vakn Gw. Jones] 551

(33) PENNARDD Pant y Fallen 1 79 1 sur map, Pantfallen 1 8 1 2PR Caron, Pant y Ffallen OOS 1 821 , Pant-y-'fallen OS1 834, Pant-afallen OS 1 89 1 Pantfallen-fach -(SN 695-596)[pant + yr + afallen (+ bach)] ; Pantfallen fach 1 926sur, Pant-afallen-fiich OS 1 89 1 Pantglas -(SN 695-580) [pant + glas] ; [pantgla:s L . Jones] Pant-glas OS 1 89 1 , Pantglas 1 977 Barcud n.9 Pantrhedyn -(SN 696-580) [pant + rhedyn] ; [pant'tredm L. Jones] Pant-rhedyn OS 1 89 1 Pantsiry -(SN 7 1 2-591) [pant + y + siryf] ; [panJiri Rh. Hughes, penJiri, ti'�xa (one of houses) S . Jones] Pant y Shirriffe 1 658 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant y Sheriffe 1 663/64 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant y Sherife als. Pant y Seiri 1 720 Castlehill MSS, Pantsherriff 1 728 F. Green MSS vol. 1 8 p.375, Pantsheriffe 1 750 Castlehill MSS, Pant y Seiry 1 746 Plas Llangoedmor MS S, Pantseiry 1 760CF, Pant-sheriff 1 792PR Caron, Pant y Syry als. Pant y Shiriff 1 8thcent. Castlehill MSS p. l 37, Pant y Seiri 1 803map J. Singer, Panshiry 1 8 1 1PR Caron, Pan y S eiri 1 8 1 2PR Caron, Pant Seiri OOS 1 821 , Pant-sheriff OS 1 89 1 , a Phantshiri 1 90 1 Cymru vol 2 1 p. 222, i Bantsiri 1 90 1 Cymru vol 2 1 p.223, Pen Sheriff 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 07, Pen Siri 1 904 Cymru vol.27 p. 1 43 , Pant-shiri OS 1 904, Pantsiri (Felin) ? 1 926sur, Pantyseiri, Pant­ y-sheriff 1 93 6 D.C.Rees p.55, A William Williams ( 1 698-1 773) lived here [ 1 936 D. c. Rees: 55], whose father, David Williams, Dolgoch (34-a), was high sheriff of Cardiganshire in 1 725 (Castlehill MSS: introduction], otherwise it is not clear who could have been the sheriff who gave his name to this place. Before the arrival of the Williams family, Pantsiry was inhabited by an important family called Herbertiaid lived here c. 1 650, one named David Herbert als. Y Coch Herbert [ 1901 Cymru: 21 .222); David Herbert, gentleman [1658 Cwrt-mawr MSS] , though I do not think they were sheriffs of Cardiganshire. Some intermittent forms after 1 720 seem to give seiri 'carpenters' as the second element, perhaps influenced by Pantseiri (7-a), but seiri does not regularly give rise to a pronunciation Jiri. However, we have seen (sub Troedrhiwseiri, 7 3 a) that many Cardiganshire place-names with seiri may have originally contained the element seri 'paved way', it is not clear where there was a 'paved way' in the vicinity of Pantsiry, though in the valley bottom there is a bog, precisely named Cors Pantsiry (33-b). J. Rhys noted [1 908 E. R. Jones: 48] that in Anglesey "The reader must however be warned that Seri is some times pronounced Sieri or Sher� which suggests the possibility of some of the instances involving rather a form of the English sheriff. " On the other hand, I. Williams [ 1938: 1 28-29] conjectured that the contrary development - viz. seri � siry was possible, so that it remains quite feasible that seri was the original element in Pantsiry; see Pantseiri (7-a). Pare -(SN 7 1 8-61 8)[parc] ; [park S. Jones] Tythyn y Ty mawr yn y Parke 1 629 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tythyn y Tuy mawr yn y Park 1 637 Cwrtmawr MS S, Parke 1 725 Crosswood MSS, Park 1 768rent Crosswood, Park mawr + bach 1 78 l sur map, Pare 1 799PR Caron, Tynypark 1 8 1 8sur map, Pare OOS 1 82 1 , Tynyparc 1 839TMS, (c) Park bach (prox.) 1 839TMS, Park bach 1 879 Crosswood Add MSS, Pare OS 1 89 1 Pare and Pare-bach were two different holdings, but whether there was a house called Pare-bach, I am unsure. Penrallt -(SN 673 - 587)[pen + yr + allt] ; [pen'ral-t F. Evans] Penyrallt 1 794PR Caron, Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 9, (c30) Gwarallt, Penrallt 1 839TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 891 Penbont(i) -(SN 669-61 0)(Ponteinon)[pen + y + pont]; Penybont 1 73 3 Crosswood MS S, Pen y Bont 1 760map E.Bowen, Penybont, Pen-pont-einon 1 770PR Llangeitho, Penpont Einion 1 789 Derry Ormond MSS, Penpont Einon 1 79 1 sur map, Pen Bont Einon 1 803map J. Singer, Pen y Bont OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-bont 1 827PR Caron, Pen-y-bont OS 1 89 1 , Pen y Bont, 'formerly' Carner uchaf 1 90 1 Cymru vol.21 p. 273 Pen-y-bont(ii) -(SN 643-590)(Stagshead)[pen + y + pont] ; Pen y Bont OS 1 89 1 , Thornhill OS 1 982 In ruins [081 904]; (c) Alltlwyd nearby to W. Penbrynlloi -(SN 727-608)[pen + bryn + y + lloi] ; Penbrynlloy 1 839TMS, Penbryn 1 926sur Pencefn(i) -(SN 68 1 -5 77)(Drosgl)[pen + y + cefn]; -

-

5 52

(33) PENNARDD Tir Pen y Keven 1 656 Hendrefelen MS S, Tir Pen y Kefn 1 72 1 /22 Hendrefelen MSS, Penycefen 1 793PR Caron, Pen y Cefn 008 1 8 1 9, Pen y Cefn OS 1 834, Pen-cefn OS 1 89 1 , Pencefen 1 977 Barcud n.9, Pencefn Drysgol OS 1 982 In Llanddewi Brefi and Caron parishes [ 1 656 Hendrefe1en MSS] . Pencefn(ii) -(SN 665-625)(Maesglas)[pen + y + cefn] ; Keven Maes Glas 1 6 1 8- 19rent, Keven y Maesglas 1 643 Crosswood MSS, Penykeven 1 768rent Crosswood, Pen y Ceven 1 78 1 sur map, Penycefn 1 792PR Caron, Cefen Fullbrook 1 807 Nanteos fpls . , Pen y Cefn 008 1 82 1 , Pen y Cefu OS 1 834, Pen-cefu OS 1 891 A quarter part of the ancient tenement called Maesglas ( 1643 Crosswood MSS] . Pencefn(iii) -(SN 692-608)(Sunnyhill) [pen + y + cefu] ; [peQ'keven in£ ] Pen y Ceven ? 1 760CF, Pen y Cefen 1791 sur map, Penycefen 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen y Cefen vach (prox.) 1795 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen y Cefn 008 1 82 1 , Penycefenfach (prox.) 1 822VB Caron, Pen-y-cefu OS 1 834. Pen-y-cefn OS 1 89 1 Pencefn-fach is listed with Nantylles (33-a) i n 1 822 [1822VB Caron] . Pencerryg -(SN 720-578) [pen + y + cerrig]; [pen'keng D. Jones(i), peQ'keng Rh. Hughes] Tythyn Pen y Cerrig 1 663/64 Castlehill MSS, Pen y Cerrigge 1 720 Castlehill MSS, Penycerrig 1 728 F. Green MS S vol. 1 8 p. 375, Pen y Cerrig 1 796 Castlehill MSS, Pen y Kerrig 1 8 1 8sur map, Pencerrig 1 839TMS, Pen-cerig OS 1 89 1 Pencrug -(SN 708-60 1 )[pen + y + crug]; [peQ'kri:g S . Jones] (c579) Pencrug 1 839TMS, Pencrug 1 926sur Penffordd -(SN 703-61 1 ) [pen + y + ffordd]; [pen'f:>r� L. Jones] Pen y Ffordd 1 808PR Caron, Pen y Kerrig 1 8 1 8sur map, Penffordd 1926sur Pengraig-isa -(SN 693-622)[pen + y + craig (+ isaf)] ; [peu'grajg S. Jones] Twythyn Pen y Graig 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Tythyn Pen y Graig 1 73 8 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll Theakston & J.Davies p. 64, Pen y Graig 1756 Hendrefelen MS8, Pengraig 1 775 Castlehill MSS, Pen y Graig 1 791 sur map, Pen y Graig 008 1 82 1 , Penygraig issa 1 839TMS, Pengraigisa 1 926sur Pengraig-ucha -(8N 695-620)[pen + y + craig (+ uchaf)] ; Penygraig ucha 1 83 9TMS, Pen-y-graig-uchaf OS 1 891 , Pengraig 1 976 Canm Blaencaron p.23 Penhereg -(SN 690-584)[pen + hanereg] ; Pen-hereg OS 1 89 1 , Pen-hereg OS 1 904, Blaenhereg 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p. 46, Tanhereg ? 1926sur Cf Hereg (32-a). Penlan -(SN 678-598)[pen + y + glan] ; Penlan 1 791 sur map, Penlan 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen-lan 08 1 89 1 , ym Mhenlan c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/4 Penlan-facb -(SN c. 67 1 -604)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; Tir bach ? 1 79 1 sur map, Penlan fach 1 8 1 8sur map, (c64) Cae Berth Hendy, Penlan fach 1 83 9TMS Penlanwen -(SN 661 -63 8)[pen + y + glan + gwen]; Pen y Lan Wen 1 722 Crosswood M8S, Penlanwen 178 l sur map, Penlanwen 1 822VB Caron Penllain -(SN 662-622)[pen + y + llain]; Pen-llain (sic loc.) OS 1 891 , Pen-llain OS 1 904 Penlleinau -(SN 702-61 0)[pen + y + lleiniau] ; Pen-lleiniau OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lleinau O S 1904 Penrodyn -(SN 678-597)[pen + yr + odyn] ; [pen'r:>dm in£ ] (cl74) Penrodyn (Penlan land) 1 839TMS, Penyrodyn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.268, Penyrodyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 60, Pen yr Odyn 1 907 Cymru vol.32 p.90, Penrodyn 1 925 Cymru vol. 68 p.28 Penpompren(i) -(SN 662-626)(Tynreithin)[pen + y + pompren]; (c22) Cae Pontpren 1 839TMS, Pen-pontbren OS 1 891 Penpompren(ii) -(SN 693-596)(Brynhownant)[pen + y + pompren] ; Pen y Pontbren 1 643 Crosswood MSS, Pen y Pompren 1 682 Crosswood MSS, Penybompren 1733 Crosswood MSS, Penpompren 1 78 lsur map, Pen y Bompren 1 800PR Caron, Pen-y-bont-bren OS1 834, Pen-pontbren OS 1 891 Pentre -(SN 68 1 -597)[pentrefj; Pentre OS 1 891 , ym Mhentref isaf c. 1 980 WFM MS 2,670/4 Picadili -(SN 672-6l l) [E.tn. Picadilly (London)]; Picadilly 1 8 12PR Caron, Picadilly 081 89 1 , Picadili 1 904 J.Evans p. 386, Picadili 1 926sur 553

(33) PENNARDD Pil-bach -(SN 699-592)[pil + bach] ; [pil'ba:x S. Jones] Pil bach 1 793PR Caron, Peel bach 1 839TMS See sub Pfl-bach (1 8-a). Plas -(SN 703-61 0) [plas]; Plas OS 1 89 1 , PUis + Isfryn OS 1 904, Plasbach ? 1 926sur Plas Tretlyn -(SN 69 1 -621)[plas + tn. Treflyn (33-a)] Plas Treflyn OS 1 982 Pomprenmaen -(SN 658-649)[pompren + tn. Brynmaen (33-a)] ; [p:lmpren'ma:n E. Evans] Pont-bryn-maen OS 1 891 , Pompren-man 1 892PR Blaenpennal, Pontbren-maen OS1 904, Pontbrenmaen 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 6, Pompren Man 1 926sur Pont-ar-Gamddwr -(SN 669-648)[pont + ar + hn. Camddwr] ; [p:lntar'g am�ur M. Owen] Esker Berveth issa 1 577rent, Esker B ervethe yssa 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1955) p.68, Esker Berfedd 1 648 Crosswood MSS, Esgyr Bervedd yssa 1 687 Crosswood MSS, (c) Pont ar Gamddwr 1 690 Crosswood MSS, Esgyr Bervedd 1 690 Crosswood MSS, Esgir Bervedd issa 1721 Crosswood MSS, Escir Berwedd issa 1 742/43 Crosswood MSS, (c) Rhyd y Camddwr c. 1 757 L.Morris p. 72, (c) Pont yr Canddwr 1 760map E.Bowen, Pontargamddwr 1 768rent Crosswood, Esgir issa 1 78 1 sur map, (c) Pont ar Gamddwr 1 78 1 sur map, (c) Pontargamddwr 1 803map J.Singer, Pontargamddwr 1 807PR Caron, Pont ar Gamddwr + (c) Pont ar Gamddwr OOS 1 821 , Pont ar Gamddwr 1 83 1 PR Lledrod, Esgir Berfedd 1 83 9TMS, Pont-a'r-gamddwr O S 1 89 1 , Pont-ar-gamddwr OS1 904 The name of a nearby bridge (SN 67 1 -655) - Yzkm away - became used for Esgairberfedd-isa by at least 1 768; see Esgair (33-a). Poplar -(SN 678-593 )[E. poplar] ; (p:lplar I. Jones] Poplar OS1 891 Porthffynnon -(SN 688-592)[porth + y + ffynnon]; [pant:;}'fan:ln (id.) L. Jones] o Borth Phynnon 1 592 S .D.Rhys in 1 927 RI.Davies p. 1 03 , Ffowntaen Gat c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.45, o Borth y Ffynnon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol 1 p. l l 6, Porth y Ffynon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p . 1 3 , a Fforth y F:fYnon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 82, Fountain Gates 1 601 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.39, Ffountayns Gate 1 654PR Caron, Fountaingate 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ffountaine Gate als. Porth y Ffynnon 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'ruins' Fountaingate 'called by the people' Plas Twm Sion Catty 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.247, Plas Twm Sim Catty 1 81 3 G.Nicholson p. 1 ,3 04, (c) Cayr Hen Bias 1 8 1 8sur map, Llidiard-y­ fynnon 1 828 T.J.Ll.Pritchard p.4, Porth Fynnon 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 40 1 , Ffynnon Lidiart 1 862 G.Borrow p. 45 1 , neu Blas Twm Shon Catti 1 9 1 0 ME.Morgan p. 33, Porth-y-ffynnon, Ffynnon Garon (sic) 1 979a E. Jones p. 9 Destroyed c. 1 894 [ 1 979a E. Jones: 9] ; see D. H. Evans 'Twm Sion Cati' in 1 984 D. P. Davies pp. 8-22. Potelinc -(SN 689-599)[potel + inc]; [p:ltel'DJk Gw. Jones] Keeper's Cottage O S 1904, Llwyn Celyn OS1 982 This house was named potel-inc 'ink bottle' because it was a square house with a chimney jutting upwards in the middle, and four roofs ascending towards it, just like a nineteenth-century ink bottle. In the squatter districts of Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire the term 'ink bottle' houses was a popular name for houses with chimneys in the middle [ 1 944 I. c. Peate: 41-42 ] . Prideville -(SN 663-605)[E.tn. Prideville]; Prideville OS 1 982 Pwllswyddog -(SN 681-600)[pwll + y + swyddog]; Pullysoythog 1723 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pwllswyddog 1 800PR Caron, Pwll Swyddog OOS 1 821, Pwll­ swyddog OS1 891 , (c) Cae Pwll Swyddog 1 9 1 8 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 93, Pwyll-swyddog 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p.28 Pwllswyddog was a little hamlet of s even-eight houses c. 1 884 [ 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86: 24) . The present housing estate of that name was b.c. 1 974-78 in the field belonging to the old house of Pwllswyddog which had been in ruins for a long time prior to that [inf] . The pool which gave its name is shown below Pwllswyddog ( 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.282] ; by 1 970 there remained only a marsh, which became infilled as the housing estate was progressively built. Possibly, it is not the poo l that gave its name to Pwllswyddog, but an incarcerating pit for felons, which was the responsibility of the swyddog or official of the lordship of Pennardd or the borough of Tregaron; cf. Pwllstiward (67-b), Pwllrheyrn ( 1 1 -a). Red-leion -(SN 679-597)[E. red + lion]; [red'laj:ln E. M. Lewis] 554

(33) PENNARDD i'r Llew Coch 1 972 Cymro 03/05/72

Red-leion

Y Llew Coch in 1 972 at the height of the campaign [1 972 Cymro 03/05172] . Reilwe-top -(SN 679-600)[E. railway (+ top)] ; [a'rejlwe, �n'rejlwe S . Jones] Railway Hotel O S 1 89 1 , Railway Top neu'r Railway Hotel c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/4, Y Railway Hotel c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/4, PH OS 1 982, Railway 1 99 1 M. ap Dafydd p. 74, Reilwe-top inf , Twm Sion Cati 'in 1 980s', Clwb Rygbi 'afterwards' inf. The specifier -top is in opposition to Steps (33-a) which was officially known as Railway. Rhiwdywyll -(SN 698-5 89) [rhiw + tywyll] ; [kapel'hnw, sk:lldi'hnw L. Jones] changed its name to its Welsh equivalent

for Welsh roadsigns

Rhiw Dywyll OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhiwdywyll 1 83 9TMS, Capel Rhiw Dywyll (Calv. Meth. ) O S 1 89 1 , Y Rhiw Dywyll 1 90 1 Cymru vol. 2 1 p.22 1 , Ysgoldy Rhiw-dywyll O S 1 904, Ysgoldy y Rhiw, Cangen y Rhiw (chapel branch) 1 904 J.Evans p. 58, Y Rhiw 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p. 27, Capel-y-rhiw 1 936 D.C.Rees p. 57, Sgoldy'r Rhiw 1 979a E. Jones p. 12, Hall O S 1 982 b. 1 866

Rhyd-y-bont

[ 1 904 J. Evans: 58; 1 91 0 M. E. Morgan: 27; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 63t

denom. CM.

-(SN 671 -6 1 2)[rhyd + y + pont] ;

Rhydybont OS 1 982

Rhyd-y-gwreiddyn

-(SN c. 687-593) [rhyd + y + gwreiddyn] ;

[(c) hri:da'gwrej�m L.

Jones]

Rhyd y Gwriddin 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Rhud y Gwreiddin 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Rhyd y Gwreiddyn 1 79 1 sur map, Rhyd y Gwyddin 1 8 1 8sur map, Rhydygwreiddin OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhyd-y-Greiddyn O S 1 83 4, Rhydygwreiddin 1 839TMS, Riwgwreiddyn 1 979a E. Jones p.21 , Slaughter House (prox. ) O S 1 982 This is now considered the name of an ascent

[inf. I. Jones],

but must have originally referred to the ford

near Fleinog (33-a).

Rhyd-disau -(SN 641 - 586)[rhyd + y + disau ?] ; Rhyd isaf O S 1 8 1 9, Rhyd-isaf O S 1 8 3 4, Rhydydisau 1 83 7PR Llangeitho, Rhydisse 1 926sur, Rhydise 'not Rhydisa' 1 93 1 S .M.Powell p. 1 6

isaf 'lower' t o an original disau 'dice' (which meaning seems unsuited t o a Rhyd-disau (SN 1 7-34, Llanfair Nantgwyn, Pembs.), Rhyd y Disse 1 5 85, Ryd y Disse 1 61hcent., Rhydissa 1 7 9 1 [1 992 PN Pembs: 74], which B. G. Charles tentatively hypothesises may represent deise, a plural of das 'rick, heap'. Rhydronnen -(SN 680-598)[rhyd + yr + onnen] [hri:d'r:lnen inf ] Siop Rhyd yr Onnen 1 90 1 Cymru vol.20 p. 232, Rhydyronen 1 904 D. Jenkins xxv, o Rydronnen 1 925 The maps have substituted

toponym), cf

Cymru vol.20 p.43

Steps

-(SN 678-597) [steps] ; Railway Tafarn c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/4, Steps 1 99 1

Stesion Tregaron

-(SN 678-599) [stesion + tn. Tregaron

Y Steision c. 1 980

Sunnyhill

M

ap Dafydd p.74

(33-a)] ;

WFM MS 2670/4 + hill];

-(SN 683-606)[E. sunny

Synny Hill 1 790PR Llanddewi Brefi, Sunny Hill 1 79 1 sur map, Sunny Hill 1 8 1 8sur map, Sunny-hill OOS 1 82 1 , Sunny Hill O S 1 834, Carner Wen 1 90 1 Cymru vol. 2 1 p. 267, Sunnyhill, Carner Wen 'according to its o ld name' 1 90 1 Cyrnru vol.2 1 p.273 , Carner Wen 'old name' 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p.28 b. c. 1 775

[ 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86: 28] ; b. bet. 1 00-120 years ago (i. e. c. 1 78 1 -9 1 ) by the Rev. Daniel Jones, [ 1 90 1 Cymru: 21 .273). The old dwelling of "Offeiriad Caron" [ 1901 Cymru: 21 .267]; existent [1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 0 1 ] .

vicar of Tregaron 1 787/88

Talbot -(SN 680-596)[E.

talbot] ;

Talbot Hotel O S 1 891 , Y Talbot 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5 "Perhaps it is not well known that a talbot i s the Nanteos coat-of-arms . "

(64-a) family owned nearly all the land of Tregaron, Talcengouallt -(SN c. 700-594) [talcen + y + cau + alit] ;

[ 1925 WGaz. 14/05/25];

the Nanteos

and were the seignorial lords of the area.

Talken y Gayallt 1 643 Crosswood MS S, Talken y Goyallt 1 73 3 Crosswood MS S, Talcenygoiallt 1 768rent Crosswood, Talken y Goyallt 1 78 1 sur map vo1.2, Talcen y Goyalt 1 822VB Caron, y Goyallt 1 83 9TMS, Talken-y-goyallt + wood 1 879 Crosswood Add MS S, Francis MS S vol2 p. 1 93 ,

Tanrallt

(c) Coed Tan-yr-allt O S 1 982

-(SN 692-590) [tan + yr + allt] ;

555

(c)

(c61)

Talcen

Talcengoyallt 1 9 1 8 John

(33) PENNARDD Tanyrallt 1 793PR Caron, Tan 'rallt OS 1 8 1 9, Tanyralt 1 822VB Caron, Tan'rallt OS1 834, Tan-yr-allt O S 1 891 Tanrallt Cottage -(SN 688-594)[tn. Tanrallt (33-a) + E. cottageL Tan-yr-allt Cottage O S 1 904 Tanrallt-isa -(SN 694-601 )[tan + yr + allt (+ isaf)]; [tanralt'iJa L. Jones] Tanyralt ussa 1 822VB Caron, Danyrallt issa 1 839TMS, Danrallt issa 1 800313 Nanteos fpls., Tan-yr-allt­ isaf OS1 891 Tanrallt-ucha -(SN 698-603)[tan + yr + alit (+ uchaf)] ; [taraH'�xa L. Jones, ta'raH S. Jones] Tan yr Allt 1 803map J. Singer, Tanyrallt 1 8 1 8sur map, Tan Rallt OOS 1 821, Tanyralt 1 822VB Caron, Tan'rallt O S 1 834, Danyrallt ucha 1 839TMS, Tan-yr-all-uchaf 0S l891 Tanbylchau -(SN 723-604) [tan + y + bylchau] ; [tan'b�lze S . Jones, ti:'m:lken L. Jones] Tan-bylchau OS 1 89 1 , Tanbylchau 1 926sur Mocyn's real name was John Rowlands rolans [inf. s. Jones] . Tangam -(SN 729-607)[tan + y + earn]; [tan'garn L. Jones, taiJ'garn S. Jones] Tan-y-garn OS 1 891 , Tangarn 1 926sur Tangamfelen-(SN 700-572)[tan + y + earn + melen] ; [taiJa:r'velen, tangarn've·len L. Jones] Tan-garn-felen 08 1 891 Tangopa -(SN 720-599)[tan + y + copa] ; [taiJ'g ;>pa Rh. Hughes, ta'g;>pa O. Green] Dan y Goppa 1 839TMS, Tan-goppa 1 936 D.C.Rees p.22, Tan-y-gopa OS 1 904, Tangopa 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p. 1 4 Tangraig(i) -(SN 729-606)(Blaencaron)[tan + y + craig]; [tan'grajg L. Jones, taiJ'grajg Rh. Hughes, S . Jones] Tan-y-graig OS1891, Tangraig 1 976 Barcud n. 3 Inexistent [ 1 83 91MS]. Tangraig(ii) -(SN 667-623)(Maesglas)[tan + y + craigt Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Tanygraig 1 924-26 CSRLS 16, Tangraig 1 926sur Tanrodyn -(SN678-597)[tan + yr + odyn]; [monak E. Evans, �·monak Gw. Jones] 'hen dafarndy' Tan yr Odyn 'lle mae Evan Evans, y gof, yn byw' 1 903 Cymru vol.23 p.7, Tan'rodyn 1 925 Cymru vol.68 p.43, Monarch, Tanyrodyn 1 984 E.RD.Prosser p. 1 5 b. 1 861 o n site of Tanrodyn, in 1 91 4 it was converted into a workhouse until l926 [1 9 84 E. R. D . Prosser: 1 5) . Tanrhiw -(SN 664-588)[tan + y + rhiw] ; [tan'hriW F . Evans] Tan-y-rhiw OS1 904 Trawsgoed -(SN 705-603)[traws + coed]; [truwsk:ld, trowsk;>d S. Jones] Trawscoed 1 822VB Caron, Truscot 1 839TMS, Trawscoed OS 1 904 Trebrysg -(SN 664-609) [tref + prys (+ -g)]; [tebnsk , trebnsk M. James] Trebrisk 1 722 Plas Llangoedmor MSS, Trebrisc, Trebrhisg 1 792PR, Tre Brise OOS 1 8 1 9, Trebrysg 081 834, Tre-brysg OS1 891 Cf (cl ) Cae Briscoed (prox.) [ 1781sur map] . Trecefail -(SN 668-585)[tref + cefail]; [tre'kevel F. Evans] Tire Trekevell 1684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, (c) Lleine yr Arglwydd als. Lleine y Marchog ? 1 684/85 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, (c) Kae'r Arglwydd ? 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Trekevel als. Tir y Marchog als. Tir yr Arglwydd 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyr yr Arglwydd 1 691 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.574, (c) Cae'r Arglwydd ? 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Trecevel 1 760CF, Trekevel 1790PR Llanddewi Brefi, Trecefel 1 781 sur map, Trecefel 1 803map J. Singer, Trekefel 1 806PR Llanddewi Brefi, Trecefel OOS 1 8 1 9, Tre-cefel OS 1 89 1 C f hn. Cefail and Castellcefail als. Hen-Goedmor (3-a). Treflyn-fach -(SN 643-626)[tref + llyn (+ bach)]; Treflyn fach 1 807PR Caron, Treflyn-fach OOS 1 82 1 , Treflyn-fiich OS1 891 Treflyn-fawr -(SN 693-6 1 9)[tref + llyn (+ mawr)] ; [trevli (id.) S. Jones] Treflyn >1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Treflyn >1282( 1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Treflin 1 68 1 Crosswood MSS, Trevelin 1733 Crosswood MSS, Treflyn 008 1 821 , Treflyn fawr 1 822VB Caron, Treflyn-fawr OS1 834, Treflin 1 839TMS, Treflyn OS 1 89 1 TREGARON -(SN 679-596)[tref + n. Caron (e)] ; [tre·'gar:ln in£ ] o Gara6n fl. l 1 70(c. 1400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg. p.20 1 , Karaun 1281 CalChartR p. 275, Carnoun, Caraoun 1291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Karavn 1299 CalPR p.405, Carom 1 339 in 1 889 S.W.Williams iii, 'o Garawn' £1. 1 365 DG p. 242, Carron 1 406 ERSt-David, i Dre Garon fl. 1485a L.Glyncothi p. 169, 556

(33) PENNARDD 'Tref Garon' fl l 485d L.Glyncothi p.27, Caron 1 53 5 VE p.396, Tregaron 1 539 J.Leland p. l l 8, Trecharon 1 53 9 J.Leland in 1 936 H.Owen vol.4 p.435, Tre Garon c. l 566EPC, Tref Garon c. l 569 RepWMSS vol l pt. 2 p. 897, Tregarron 1 573 Bronwydd MSS, Trebh-Garon 1 592 S.D.Rhys in 1 927 RI.Davies p. l 03, 'parish' Caron 1 598 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, o Dregaron c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. l 6, a Thref Garon c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.44, Tregarron 1 690/91 Hendrefelen MSS, Tregaran 1 696/97 Price of Norton MSS, Tregaron fawr c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.91, Tref Garon c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.63, Tre' Garon 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.769, Tregarawn 1760 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 45 1 , Trev Garon 1 799EPC, Tregaron 1 803map J.Singer, Tregaroniarron 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, Tref Garon 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Caron, Trefgaron 1 829PR Llangeitho, Tregaron OS1 834, Tregaron, Ch. OS1 89 1 , i 'Dre'r Tyweirch' 1 979a E.Jones p. l O l Earlier references show the name t o have been simply Caron. The prefixing o f tref to the name is not evidenced before the frfteenth century, so we can safely interpret the name as meaning 'the town of Caron' with reference to the fact that it had been given borough privileges before the late fifteenth century. The most usual interpretation of Caron is as a saint's name, but direct evidence of Caron being a saint's name is somewhat late: a Charm.1m [ 1400% ByS: 58], and na6d Karon [ 1400% ByS: 1 1] , Non a Charon [f1. 1 485a L. Glyncothi: 41 ] . G[wyl] Garon, escob was noted on the frfth of March [1 5002!z Dem.Calend.] and Ffair Garon was held on the fifteenth-seventeenth of March [ 1 796 Camb.Reg.: 386] (which accords with the ftfth of March if we take into account the eleven days added to most dates of fairs after the 1 752 change to the Gregorian Calendar). The fifth of March is the feast-day of the celebrated saint Cianin of Ossory, who was noted in the calendars of south-western Wales, e. g. Kirianus in the twelfth-century Vespasian A XIV manuscript and in the sixteenth-century Llanbadam-fawr calendar [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383). How old is this false equation between Ciarim and Carawn is not known, but is quite likely to predate the Anglo-French conquest of Wales, and we can compare the equation of the Cornish saint Piran, who was not only equated with Ciarim, but whose Life was entirely borrowed from a Life of Ciarcin [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383] . Caron, according to G. Owen [c.1600 in 1897 H. Owen: 2.289], was also feasted at Llanrheithan (Pembs.). Both F.fynnongaron (33-b) and Ffair Garon - Ffair 'Garon [1 897 T. Evans: 98] ; Ffair Wyl Garon [1 896 J. Fisher: 1 37] - may contain the original name of the place Caron rather than a personal-name, or may just simply have been named once the tradition of a saint Caron had established itself in the area. The fair was held at (c) Y Cae Ffair [c. 1 970 WFM 1 965/29]; see Dollty (34-a). P. 6 Riain's equation [ 1 994: 388] of Caron with Carannog is pure speculation. The earlier equation by T. Evans [171 6: 42] of Caron - as a king - with the Roman personage Carausius, taken up by most subsequent authors is wholly without foundation [c. 1 757 L. Morris: 78; 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2.402; "according to Mr. Owen[-Pughe]" 181 1 N. Carlisle: xxxi]. If we are to see a Brittonic personal-name in Caron (whether saint or king), it is doubtlessly one based on the well-attested word car 'love' - cf. Carannog, Ceredig, Caradog etc - though one would expect *Carannon not Caron (cf. the Gaulish hn Carantonus (F. La Charente, France) [ 1920 G. Dottin: 89]), on the other hand, the suffiX is not so easy a question to resolve, it is not the well-attested -on, otherwise we would not have the forms in the early attestations, only the name of the personage Arawn in the Mabinogi [1 30()1;'4 Mabinogi (WBRh): 2] shows a comparable MW. suffix . As much as looking for a personal-name, one must look for an explanation through a common noun or adjective, or a river-name. I believe that there may be truth in the connection L. Morris made [1 760 in 1 949 H. Owen: 451 ] between Tregaron and the Scottish river Carawn (as he wrote it). There are some six rivers in Scotland named Carron on which W. F. H. Nicolaisen said [1 976: 1 88] : . . . Carron can with confidence be derived from the Indo-European root *kar- 'hard, strong, stony', with obvious reference to the quality of the beds of these water-courses! . . . Carron derives from *Karona . . . ". W. J. Watson [ 1 926: 433] gave the Scottish Gaelic form of two of these rivers in Ross-shire as Carrann, and relates them to W. carreg, which excludes our Caron with a single medial , however, the river that gave its name to Strathcarron (Stirlingshire) is found as Sraith Cairuin s.a. 64 1 , OE. Ccere c. 950, Caroun c. l 200, Carun 1 3 thcent. [1976 W. F. H. Nicolaisen: 1 88], forms which agree with the single medial present in the Welsh Caron. If Caron was indeed a river-name, as are its apparent counterparts in present-day Scotland, it is likely to have been the old name of the river Brennig. It may not be unhelpful in this context to mention the place-name Charron (Charente­ Maritime), Caronna vico 7th�9thcent. [ 1 963 DNLF: 1 76] and Cheronnac (Haute-Vienne) [ 1 963 DNLF: 1 86]. But in the absence of stronger evidence it is also quite possible that Caron has nothing to do with the river. The church-site at Tregaron is a very old one judging by the ancient inscribed stones, Potenina/ MAlier (leg. Potentina Mulier) dated to the sixth century and Eneviri (MnW. Enewyr, preserved in Llanenewyr (Gower, Glarus.)) dated to the seventh-eighth centuries [ 1994 W. Gw. Thomas: 414, 417]. During the wrangling over its "

557

(33) PENNARDD status as a borough in 1 73 0, the comments "not above forty house" and "about sixty or seventy cottages in the town" from interested parties give some idea of the number of houses. From the above I would estimate as much as fifty households, since Thomas Powell, responsible for the second statement, probably exaggerated the population in order to excuse the eight hundred burgesses he had created in 1 728 [1 967 P. D. G. TI1omas: 406] . The nickname Tre'rtyweirch referred to it lying near the turbaries of Cors Caron (56-b). Bridge b. 1 904 [1978 CER: 8.344) . Comprising: 1 ) Brennig View, 2) Bwlchgwynt, 3) Capelwesle, 4) Doldre, 5) DoUty, 6) Llyseinon, 7) Melin Tregaron, 8) Penlan, 9) Pentre, 10) Poplar, 1 1) Pwllswyddog, 1 2) Reilwe-top, 1 3) Steps, 1 4) Stesion Tregaron, 1 5) Talbot, 16) TY-gwyn, 17) Wyrcos, 18) Tanrodyn, 19) Penrodyn, 20) Rhydrmmen, 21) Ysgol-cownti Tregaron, 22) Ysgol-eglwys Tregaron, 23) Ysgol-fach Tregaron. Troedrhiw(i) -(SN 660-656)(Blaenaeron)[troed + y + rhiw]; [patm:ls, f pn. fa·nipatm:ls E. Evans] Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Patmos 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 6 Troedrhiw(ii) -(SN 694-584)(Corsneuadd)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [tro:dr ... tr:ljd�'hriW L. Jones] Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Troedrhiw(iii) -(SN 689-593)(Fleinog)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Trodrhiw 1 926sur Trympeg -(SN 672-590){trympeg]; Yr Hen Turnpike Gate 1 91 0 M.E .Morgan p.37, Turnpike, (fpn.) Peggy'r Turnpike 1 925 Cymru vol.68 p.4 1 , Y Trumpeg 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p. 28, Trympeg 1 926sur, Trumpeg 1 936 D.C.Rees p. 1 23 Opposite Penrallt (33-a) [1910 M. E. Morgan: 37] ; the road was changed from Tyngwndwn (33-a) to Pont Ffrainc (33-b) after the laying down of the railway [ inf F. Evans] . Ty-cam -(SN 690-623)[ty + cam] ; Ty Cam 1 807PR Caron, Ty Cam OOS 1 82 1 , Ty-cam OS 1 891 Ty-gwyn -(SN 681 -596)[ty + gwyn]; Ty Gwynne, Ty Gwyn 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty Gwyn 1 839TMS, Ty Gwyn ? c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/4 Ty-hen -(SN 662-634)[tY + hent [ti'he:n M. Owen] Castell Flemis, Castell hi Flemis 1 1 84( 1425) cart. Ystradfllur, Castellh Flemys 1 202( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Castellh y Flemmis > 1 246(1 336) cart Ystradfflur, Castell Flemmys >1282( 1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Castro Flemes 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.272, Castell Flamys 1 577rent f33, Castle Flemishe 1 603-25 T.LJ. Jones ( 1 955) p.68, Castle Flemishe 1 6 1 8-1 9rent, Castell Flemish 1 632/33 Crosswood MSS, Castle Flemish 1 683 Crosswood MSS, Castell Fflemish 1 709/10 Coleman MS 1 35, Troed y Rhiw 1 632/33 Crosswood MSS, Castell Flemish Troedyrhiw 1 682/83 Crosswood MSS, Troyd ir Rhiwe als. Tuy a Thir Tuy Hean 1 709/1 0 Coleman MS 1 3 5, Troyd ir Rhiwe als. Tuy a Thir Tuy Hean 1 709/ 1 0 Coleman MS 1 3 5, Tyhen 1 760CF, Ty Hen 1 768rent Crosswood, Ty Hen als. Troed y Rhiw 1 781 sur map, Ty-hen 1 78 1 sur map, Ty Hen OOS 1 82 1 , Ty Hen ucha + issa 1 822VB Caron, Ty Hen ucha + issa 1 839TMS, Ty­ hen OS 1 891 Ty-hen as well as Ty-nant's equation with the unlocated Troed-y-rhiw is probably due to the fact that it was part of what seems to have been the 'ancient' tenement of Castelljjlemis-Troed-y-rhiw. Nowadays Castelljjlemis is equated with the school b. 1 878-79, but before the school was built there does not seem to have to been any inhabitation of that name in the immediate environs of the earthwork (though the site of a nearby building at SN 655-602 seems to be shown in 1 839 [TMS]). So it would seem more than likely that the references to Castellfjlemis as an inhabitation refer to this site, which by the sixteenth century it became known as Troed-y-rhiw, and by the beginning of the eighteenth century was known as Ty-hen (alternatively Troed-y-rhiw may have referred to a nearby site which was associated with Ty-hen, possibly Tynswydd). The equation of Ty-hen with the older Castelljjlemis could explain its name, as the oldest inhabitation of the medieval holding of Castelljjlemis� that Ty-hen's location was somewhat central to the medieval holding is suggested by the proximity of Tynswydd and its common fold (some 400-500m s); cf. Castelljjlemis (33-b), Ysgol Castelljjlemis, Tynswydd. Ty-hwith -(SN 700-608)[ty+ chwith] � Ty With 1 793PR Caron, Ty Whyth 1 83 9TMS, Ty-chwith OS 1 891 Ty-nant -(SN 663-645)[tyddyn + y + nant]; [ti'nant M. Owen] Castell Fflemish Troyd ir Rhiw als. Tuy a Thir Tuy yn Nante 1 709/10 Coleman MS 1 35, Tynynant 1 760CF, Tynnant 1 792PR Caron, Tyn y Nant 1 803map J. Singer, Ty Nant 1 839TMS, Ty-nant OS 1 891 For its alias Castelljjlemis-Troed-y-rhiw, see sub Ty-hen (33-a). Tynbedw -(SN 696-596)[tyddyn + y + bedw] ; Tynybedw 1 839TMS 558

(33) PENNARDD Tynberllan -(SN 705-61 5)[tyddyn + y + perllan]; Tynyberllan 1 839TMS, Ty'n-coed-isaf OS1 904 Tynberth -(SN 664-632)[tyddyn + y + perth]; [trm'bere E. Evans, tm'bere M. Owen] 'inter' Vuarth Caraun 'et' Dinas Drit Wir ? 1 184(1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Buarch Caraun ? >1246( 1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Tythin y Berth 1 656 Crosswood MSS, Tynyberth 1 760CF, Ty'n y Berth 1781 sur map, Tyn y Berth OOS 1 82 1 , Ty'n-y-berth OS 1 891 , Tynberth 1 967 E.Jones p. l 3 A fifth o f an ancient tenement called Llwyngwinau [1656 Crosswood MSS] ; c f (cs1346, 1 357a) Cae Penhi (SN 663-63 1) [1839TMS] on the adjoining land of Tynswydd; the equation of Tynbenh with the medieval Buarthcaron (which was in the grange of Blaenaeron, e) is strengthened by the close proximity (300m) of Tynberth to the common fold (probably at one time that of the grange), but the equation is not assured; see Tynswydd, Castell (33-b). Tynbwlch -(SN 663-640)[tyddyn + y + bwlch]; [tiiD'bulz M. Owen] Tithen Bulgh postea Castell Flamys 1 577rent £ 3 3 , Ty yn y Bwlch 1 687 Crosswood MSS, Tynybwlch 1 768rent Crosswood, Ty'n-y-bwlch, Tyn y Bwlch 1 7 8 1sur map, Tyn y Bwlch OOS1 82 1 , Ty'n-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 , Tynbwlch 1 967 E.Jones p. 1 5 Part of Castellfjlemis�Troed-y-rhtw [ 1 687 Crosswood MSS], see sub Ty-hen (33-a). Tyncae(i) -(SN 695-577)(Corsneuadd)[tyddyn + y + cae] ; Ty'n-cae OS 1 89 1 , Tyncae 1 977 Barcud n. 1 0 Tyncae(ii) -(SN 670-653)(Blaenaeron) [tyddyn + y + cae]; [ bJJ ka: M. Owen] Tyn y Cae 1 803map J. Singer, Tynycae 1 807PR Caron, Tynca 1 879PR Ystradmeurig, Ty'n-cae OS1 89 1 , Tyncae 1 967 E.Jones p. 1 6 Tyn-y-celyn -(SN 659-656)[tyddyn + y + celyn] ; Tyn y Celin cottage 1 781 sur map Tyncoed -(SN 705-61 6)[tyddyn + y + coed] ; [tm'ko:d L. Jones, 111J'ko:d S. Jones] Ty'n y Coed OOS 1 82 1 , Ty'n-y-coed OS1 834, Ty'n-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-coed uchaf OS1 904, Tyncoed­ ucha 1976 Canm Blaencaron p.23, Tyncoed 1 976 Barcud n.3 Tyncoed-bach -(SN 699-614) [tyddyn + y + coed (+ bach)] ; Ty'n y Coed OOS 1 82 1 , Tyncoed-fach 1 879 Crosswood Add MSS, Ty'n-y-coed-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-coed­ bach OS 1 904, Tyncoed bach 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p.23 Tyncomel -(SN 662-61 9)[tyddyn + y + comel]; Tythin y Cornell 1 662 Crosswood MSS, Tuy yn y Cornel 1 68 1 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Cornel 1 701/02 Crosswood MSS, Tynycornell 1 768rent Crosswood, Tyn y Cornel 1 781 sur map, Tyncornel 1 793PR Caron, Ty'n y Cornel OS1 8 1 9, Tyn y Cornell OOS 1 82 1 , Ty'n-y-comel OS1 834, Ty'n-cornel OS1 904 Certainly in existed a long time before 1 891, where it is not shown on the Ordnance Survey map [OS1 891 ); a quarter-part ofMaesglas (33-a) [1681 Crosswood MSS] . Tyndolau -(SN 653-666)[tyddyn + y + dolau] ; [tm'dole E. Evans] Ty yn y Dole 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Ddol 1742 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Ddole, Ty'n-y-dole, Tyndole 1 78 1 sur map, Tyndolau 1 797PR Caron, Ty'n y Ddol OOS1 82 1 , Tyn-y-ddolau OS 1 834, Tynyddol 1 839TMS, Tyn-y-ddolau OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-dolau OS 1 904 Part of Esgair (33-a) ( 1722 Crosswood MSS] Tynreithin -(SN 662-623)[tyddyn + yr + eithint [tm'rejem M James, ti'rejem M Davies] Ty'n-yr-eithin (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-yr-eithin OS 1904 Inexistent (OOSI 819]. Ty-newydd -(SN 668-619)[1)' + newydd] ; Ty-newydd 1 839TMS, Ty-newydd OS1 891 Tyngaer -(SN 652-63 1 )[tyddyn + y + caer]; [tm'ga:r M. James] Tir als. Tythin y Gaer 1 662 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Gair 1 683 Crosswood MSS, Ty'n y Gaer 1 766sur map, Ty yn y Gare 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Gar 1 781 sur map, Tyn y Car 1 792PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer 1 799PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer OOS 1 81 9, Tan-y-gaer OS1 834, Tan-y-gaer OS 1 89 1 , Tyngaer 1967 E.Jones p.78 Part of an ancient tenement called Castellfflemis [1683 Crosswood MSS] , see sub Ty-hen (33-a); refers to Castelljlemis (33-b). Tyngwndwn -(SN 667-588)[tyddyn + y + gwndwn]; [tiJJ ' gundun F. Evans] '

.

559

(33) PENNARDD Tythyn y Gwndwn 1728 Castlehill MSS, Tyn y Gwndwn 1 760 Castlehill MSS, Ty'n y Gwndwn 1 79 1 sur map, Tynygwndwn 1795PR Caron, Ty'n-gwndwn O S 1 891, Tyn-gwndwn 0Sc. 1 950 Tyn-y-pant -(SN 650-632)[tyddyn + y + pant] ; Lutty Gasseg 1 577rent f. 3 3, Castell Flemish issa als. Llwyn Clutt y Gasseg 1 682/83 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Pant 1 682/83 Crosswood MSS, Clwt y Gasseg 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Pant y Gasseg 1 766sur map, Llwyn Colfa als. Cluttie Casseg (sic) 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Cluttie Casseg 1 768rent Crosswood, Tynypant 1 822VB Caron, Tynypant 1 839TMS The equation between Llwyncolfa and Clwt-y-gaseg (i. e. Tyn-y-pant) in 1 768 can be explained as due to the fact they were exploited as one holding [ 1 781 sur map] . The form cluttie varies with lletty in attestations of Llety-moel (54-a) in 1 78 1 . Tynrhos -(SN 655-660) [tyddyn + y + rhos]; (c) Cae Ty'n Rhos + cottage 1 78 1 sur map Tynswydd -(SN 661 -629) [tyddyn + y + swydd] ; [(c) hnw'tm'suj5 E. Evans] Tythin y Gwydde 1 648 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Swydd 1 683 Crosswood MSS, Tynyswydd 1 768rent Crosswood, Tyn y Swydd 1 78 1 sur map, Tynyswydd fawr + fach, Tynswydd 1 798PR Caron, Tyn y Swydd 1 803map J.Singer, Tyn y Swydd OS1 8 1 9, Ty'n Swydd OOS 1 821, Tynyswydd fach (prox.) 1 822VB Caron, Ty'n-y-swydd OS1 834, Ty'n-y-sWydd OS1 891 Part of Castellfflemis (33-b) [ 1692/93 Crosswood MSS] , see sub Ty-hen; the fold shown at SN 662-630 [ 1 781sur map] , alongside a small piece of common ground, makes it likely that this was the onetime common fold for stray animals of the grange of Blaenaeron; as E. Jones says [ 1990: 98], it is conceivable that the person who had the office (W. swydd) of looking after the fold and stray animals was rewarded with the holding name Tynswydd 'the farm of the office'; one can compare Tyddyn y Swyth (Llanedweflo Angl.) [ 1852 Coleman MS 1009] . Tynwaun(i) -(SN 697-61 6)(Blaencaron)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ; [ti'wejn, tm'wejn S. Jones] Ty yn y Weyne 1 708 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Wain 1721/22 Crosswood MSS, Tynywayn 1768rent Crosswood, Ty yn y Wain 1 777 Crosswood MSS, Tynywaun 1781 sur map, Tynwain 1 792PR Caron, Tynwaun 1 794PR Caron, Tynywain 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty'n y Waun OOS 1 821 , Ty'n-waun OS 1 891 Tynwaun(ii) -(SN 667-643)(Blaenaeron)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ; [ti:'wejn A Davies, tm'wejn M Owen] Tyn y Wayn 1 781 sur map, Tyn y Waun OOS 1 821 , Tyn y Waun 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-waun OS 1 891 , Tynwaun OS 1 982 Waunbodr -(SN 700-600)[y + gwaun + podr]; [wejn'bod:lr S. Jones] Waun-bodr OS1891, Waenbodor 1 926sur, Waun Bodor 1 976 Canm. Blaencaron p.23 Waun-fawr -(SN 657-582)[y + gwaun + mawr] ; [wejn'vowr E. Lloyd, F. Evans] Blaen y Wayn 1 63 0 F.Green MSS vol 25 p. 1 6, Blayn y Wein vawr 1 661 Castlehill MSS, Tir Blaen y Weyne vawre 1 684 Bronwydd MS S, Tir y Weyn vawre 1 691 Castlehill MSS, Weyn vawr 1734 Bronwydd MSS, Wayn vawr 1758 Bronwydd MSS, Weyn fawr 1 761 Bronwydd MSS, Waun fawr 1 79 1 sur map, Weinfawr 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Wine fawr 1 800PR Llanddewi Breft, Gwaun fawr OOS 1 81 9, Gwaun fawr OS 1 834, Waun-fawr O S 1 891 Half in in Llanddewi Brefi parish and half in Caron parish. Waungota -(SN 705-606)[y + gwaun + cota] ; Llaingotta 1 839TMS, Llain-y-gotta >1 876 Castlehill MSS, Waun-gota OS 1 89 1 , Waengota 1 926sur Wyt·cos -(SN 678-592)[E. workhouse] ; [wark:ls, pur:ls, pn m;;km pur:ls E. Evans] Tregaron Union Workhouse OS 1 89 1 , Hospital OS 1 982, Tyloty, Tregaron 1 988 K. & ALl. Morris p. 59, b. 1 876, in 1 914 became a tuberculosis sanatorium until 1 960, when eradication of the disease allowed it to be used as a hospital [ 1984 E. R. D. Prosser: 1 1 ]. Ysgol Blaencaron -(SN 7 1 3-608)[ysgol + tn. Blaencaron (e)] ; [ask:>l'va:z L. Jones] School OS 1 89 1 , Blaencaron School l 984 E.RD.Prosser p.34 b. 1 883 [ 1 925 Cymru: 68.1 43; 1 984 E. R. D. Prosser: 3 3 ] ; clos. 1 932 [ 1 98 4 E. R. D. Prosser: 3 3 ] . Ysgol Castellffiemis -(SN 658-633)[ysgol + tn. Castellfflemis (33-b)] ; [kastcl'flemiJ inf. , ask:>l'kastcl E . Evans] S chool OS 1 89 1 , School OS 1 904, Castell Flemish C. 1 945 WLS b. 1 878, clos. 1 965 [1 984 E. R. D. Prosser: 27; 1 990 Lampeter photographs: 155] ; op. 1 879 [ 1 92 5 Cymru: 68.43; 1 991 CER: 1 1. 3 32] . Ysgol-cownti Tregaron -(SN 677-595)[ysgol-cownti + tn Tregaron (33 -a)] ; [ask:ll'kownti inf.] '

560

(33) PENNARDD Ysgol Sir Tregaron 1 9 1 3 J.Evans p. 77, dacw'r Ysgol Ganolraddol 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 01 5, Y Cownti Scwl c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/29, Y Redimidiet 'chwedl hi am yr Intermediate School' (a particular pronunciation) c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/28, Y Cownti Scwl 1 979 J. C.Rees p. 7, Tregaron County (Intermediate) School 1984 E.RD.Prosser p. 1 4, Ysgol y Sir Tregaron, Tregaron County School 1 990 Lampeter photographs p. 1 44, Ysgol fowr 1 991 L.Ebeneser p.30, Ysgol Tregaron 1 991 L.Ebeneser p. 1 5 b. 1 899, enl. 1 909, enl. 1 950 [1 984 E R D. Prosser: 14); op.26/05/1 899 [1 91 0 M. E. Morgan: 1 8] . Ysgoldy Deri-Garon -(SN 66-58)[ysgoldy + tn. Deri-Garon (33-a)]; Ysgoldy Deri-garon O S 1 904, Ysgol Derigaron 1 904 J.Evans p.62 b.> 1 900 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 58] ; a zinc building [inf. F. Evans] . Ysgol-eglwys Tregaron -(SN 679-595)[ysgol-eglwys + tn. Tregaron (33-a)L Ysgol y National c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/29, Ysgol y National als. Ysgol yr Eglwys 'as it was called' c. 1 980 WFM MS 2670/2, National School 1 984 E.RD.Prosser p. 1 0, Neuadd yr Eglwys 1 984 E.RD.Prosser p. 1 1 , b. 1 873 [ 1925 Cymru: 68. 141 ] ; b. l 873, ren. l 879, now used as a church hall and sunday school [ 1 984 E. R. D. Prosser: 1 1]. Ysgol-fach Tregaron -(SN 68 1 -599)[ysgol-fach + tn. Tregaron (33-a)] ; [r�sk�l'va:z Gw. Jones] School O S 1 982, Yr Ysgol Gynradd 1 984 E.RD.Prosser (cover) b. l 9 1 3 , ext. l 9 51 [ 1 984 E. R. D. Prosser: 24] . Ystrad -(SN 67-59)[ystrad]; 'Ystradfrennig' 1 5thcent in 1 974 P. C.Bartrum vol. 1 p. l 78, (c) Llain Grygos ar Ystrad Carron 1 6 1 4 F. Green MSS vol.24, Argoed et Ystrad 1702PR Caron, Ystrad 1 760CF, Ystrad Garon 1 800PR Caron, Ystrad Caran OOS 1 8 1 9, Ystrad-Caron OS 1 89 1 , Ystrad Garon 1 944 T.J.Thomas p.34 .

hodonyms Sgwar-fach -(SN 679-597)[y + sgwar + bach] ; [skwa:r'va: z E. Evans] drwy'r Scwar fach 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5 Sgwar-fawr -(SN 680-596)[y + sgwar + mawr] ; [�,skwa:r'vowr inf. ] Sgwar Dregaron c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/29, Sgwar fawr Tregaron 1 990 E. Jones p.83 geonyms Baneau'rllyn -(SN 741 -572)[bancau + yr + llyn]; [bagker'im Rh. Hughes] Bylchau'r Llyn OS 1 904 Bane-mawr -(SN 728-60 1)[banc + mawr] ; Bane mawr OS1 891 Banemelyn -(SN 7 1 2-599)[banc + melyn]; [bagk'melm Rh. Hughes] Bane Melin 1 832 Castlehill MS 1 039, (c) Cefn Nant Melin >1 876 Castlehill MS 1 3 52, Bane Melyn 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion (CL Old 20) Bane Tanrallt -(SN 695-5 88)[banc + tn. Tanrallt (33-a)] ; Rhiw-dywyll (sic) O S1 89 1 , Bane Tan-yr-allt OS1 904 Bane-yr-wyn -(SN 747-577)[banc + yr + \Vyn); [bagk�'rujn Rh. Hughes] in£ Blaencamddwr -(SN 752-585)[blaen + hn. Camddwr] ; Blain Camdur 1 1 84(1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Blaencandewr 1 279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p. 301, Blaen Camddwr O S 1 834, Blaen Camddwr OS 1 891 Blaendoethiau-fawr -(SN 73 -56 ) [blaen + hn. Doethiau-fawr] ; Blaen Doethiau fawr >1 876 Castlehill MS 1 ,3 52 Bryndeilos -(SN 734-570)[bryn + y + deilios] ; [ brm dejbs Rh. Hughes] Bryn Deilos OS 1 904 As it was only forested with pine in the late twentieth century, it is difficult to imagine this area of previously bare hilltop characterised by leaves. Bryn-mawr(i) -(SN 73 5-588)(Diffwys)[bryn + mawr] ; [brm'mowr Rh Hughes] in£ '

561

(33) PENNARDD Bryn-mawr(ii) -(8N 665-639)(Tynbwlch)[bryn + mawr]; (cl 338) Llain Brin mawr 1 839TM8 Brynoerfa -(8N 722-61 5)[bryn + yr + oerfa] ; [brm'�rva 8. Jones] Brynmaur 1 279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p.3 0 1 , Bryn mawr 0081 821 , Bryn-mawr 081 834, (c936) Brinrorfa 1 839TM8, Bryn-mawr 08 1 89 1 , Y Bryn 081 904 Brynpica -(8N 736-568)[bryn + pica]; [brm'pika Rh. Hughes] ; in£ Bwlch Safnci -(8N 747-575)[bwlch + tn. 8afnci]; [bolz,sava\fki: Rh. Hughes, bolz,savan'ki: D. Jones] in£ Cf Tanbwlch (52-a), Bwlch Safn-yr-ast (76-b). Castell -(8N 669-634)(Llwyngwinau)[castell]; [(c) ka·'kastcl M. Davies] Cam 0081 821, Castell 081 834, (c28) Cefn y Castell (prox.) 1 839TMS, Castell (site of) 081 891 See Llwyngwinau-isa (33-a). Castellffiemis -(SN 653-632)[castell + en. Fflemis]; [kastcl'flemis E. Evans] Castell Fflemis >1 667 Itin.R.Vaughan p. 848, Castell Fleming 1 760map E.Bowen, Castell Flemish 1 791 sur map, Castell Fflemish 1 8 03map J.Singer, Castell Flemys 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.25 1 , Castell Flemish 008 1 8 1 9, Castell Fflemis OOS 1 82 1 , Castell-Flemish OS 1 834, Castell Flemish (Intrenchment) 08 1 89 1 For the older forms o f Castellff1emis, see sub Ty-hen (33-a). The name implies a castle built by the Flemish allies of the Anglo-French conquerors of the twelfth century, but this had probably been an Iron Age hill­ fort prior to this: " This may be an example of the wide-spaced multi-vallate hillforts of 'South-Western Type', but is more probably two superimposed works of different periods. " [1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 260]. The form Fjlemis is likely to mean 'Fleming' (singular), the unattested form *Fjlemisiad having been inferred by GPC [ s .v. fflemisiad] from the medieval Welsh plural Fjlemisiaid 'Flemings'; cf. Beddau'ifjlemin (2-b). Castellrhyfel -(SN 732-598)[castell + rhyfel]; [kastcl'hr�vel L. Jones, S. Jones] Castell Rhyfel OOS 1 82 1 , Castell Rhyfel OS 1 834, Castell Rhyfel (Intrenchment) OS 1 89 1 , Castell y Rhyfel 1 90 1 Cymru vol.2 1 p.223 This is one of the most remote entrenchments in Cardiganshire. All hillforts presumably had warlike functions at some time and it is not known what is the specific reason this one was associated with rhyfel 'war'. Castell Sunnyhill -(SN 686-601)[castell + tn. Sunnyhill (33-a)]; Castell Sunnyhill 1 808 8.R.Meyrick p.25 1 , Ban y Castell (prox.) 1 8 1 8sur map, Castell Sunnyhill 008 1 82 1 , Castell OS1 834, Castell Intrenchment 081 891, Bane Sunny Hill 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 01 5, Castell Sunny-hill l 948 Cymro 03/1 2/48 p.7 Clawdd-du -(SN 672-641)[clawdd + du] ; Clawdd Du 1 78 1 sur map, Clawddew Common 1 879 Crosswood Add MSS, Clawddu Common 1 88 1 Crosswood Add MS8, 'common called' Clawdd-du 1 884 Crosswood Add M8S, Cors Llwyngwynau 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion (CL 80) A common appurtenant to Llwyngwinau-isa, Llwyngwinau-ucha, Ffivlbroc, and Tynwaun within living memory, and Tynberth and Tynbwlch had formerly excercised rights as well [inf. M. Owen]. Its surface was 71-2-00 acres ( 1 839TMS]. Cnwc-y-barcud -(8N 728-601)[cnwc + y + barcud]; [knok�'bark1d S. Jones] Cnwc y Barcud OS 1 89 1 Cwminseithin -(8N 670-637)[cwmins + yr + eithin ] ; [komJns'ej6m M Davies, kumms'ej6m M Owen] Coed Llwyngwine 1 839TMS Now an ordinary looking piece of farmland, this was formerly covered in gorse and bracken until the land was improved in the 1 950s [inf. M.Owen] ; its area was 1 3-1-20 acres [1 8391MS]. Comins Esgairmaen -(SN 650-658)[comins + tn. Esgairmaen (33-a)]; [k:>mmz,esker'ma:n D. Owen] The Great Moor 1 781 sur map, Cwmmins 1 839TMS, Comin Esgairmaen 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion A common appurtenant to Esgairmaen-fawr and Esgairmaen-ganol (33-a) [ 1839TMS]. Corsci -(SN 742-576)[cors + y + ci]; [g:>rs'ki: D. Jones, k:>rs'ki: Rh. Hughes] in£ Cors Pantsiry -(SN 7 1 1 -5 87)[cors + tn. Pantsiry (33-a)]; [g�rs,pan1iri S. Jones] 5 62

(33) PENNARDD Gors Pantseiri > 1 876 Castlehill MSS Craig Glogan -(SN 725-582)[craig + tn. Glogan] ; [klogan D. Jones(i), S. Jones] Craig-'Logan OS1 834, 'to' Glogan ucha 'path' 1 832 Castlehill MS 1059, Craig Logan OS1 891 , Craig Clogan OS 1 904 Craigesgeirydd -(SN 73 1 -574)[ craig + yr + esgeirydd]; Graig Glog fach 1 832 Castlehill MS 1 062, Craig-esgeirydd OS1904 Craigf"mtan -(SN 714-582)[craig + y + mintan] ; [krajg �'vmtan L. Jones, krajg ,�sker'va:x D. Jones(i)] Craig y Vintar 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Craig Mintan OOS 1 81 9, Craig-Fintan OS1 834, Graig Fintan >1 876 Castlehill MS 1 , 3 52, Craig Finlan OS 1 891 , Craig-y-Fintan OS 1 904, a Chraig Fintan 1904 Cymru vol.27 p. 1 43 Craig-yr-ochrau -(SN 73 1 -595)[craig + yr + ochrau] ; [krajg�'r;lxre S. Jones] Craig yr Ochrau 0Sc. 1 950 Craig Pantsiry -(SN 7 1 6-587)[craig + tn. Pantsiry (33-a)] ; [grajg,panJiri Rh. Hughes, krajgpanJiri D. Jones(i)] Craig Cwm Berwin 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Craig Pantseiri OOS 1 82 1 , Craig-Pant-Seiri OS 1 834, Craig­ Pantsiri 1 936 D.C.Rees p.2, Craig Pantseri 1 93 6 D.C.Rees p.4, Craig Pant-sheriff OS 1 89 1 , Craig Pantsiri 1 901 Cymru vol.2 1 p.223, Craig Pant-shiri OS1904 Cwmcroes -(SN 70-60)[cwm + hn. Croes]; [kmn,blajn'kar;ln, kum,blan'kar;ln L. Jones] Cwrn Croes OOS 1 821 , Cwrncroes 1 904 J.Evans p.22, Cwrn Croes als. Blaencaron 1 9 1 0 M.E.Morgan p.3 1 , yng Nghwm Blaencaron 'neu' Gwm Croes 1 984 D.J.G.Evans p.3 8 Cwys-yr-ychenbannog -(SN 73 1 -614)[cwys + yr + ychen + bannog] ; [am,b;)/ir'gujs S. Jones, kujs�,r�xen 'ban;lg S. Jones] Fossa Monachorum (desc.?) 1 279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p.301, Y Llain dan Glawdd y Mynydd 1 665 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Cwys Uch Bannog 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.253, Cwys yr Ychen Bannog OOS 1 821 , Cwys yr Ychen Bannog OS 1 834, Cwys Ychain Banawg 1 83 3 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 77, Cwys !chain Banawg 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p.40 1 , Hen Clawdd 1 839TMS, Cwys yr Ychen Bannog 1 901 Cymru vol.42 p.20 1 , yn Gwys yr Ychain Banog, Clawdd y Mynachod (desc.) 1 902 Cymru vol.23 p. 1 5, Cwys Ychain Banawg c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 266, Cwys yr Ychain Bannog 1 936 R.I.Davies p.21 , Cwys Ychain Bannog 1 936 S.M.Powell p. 79 "Is an ancient bank said to run from sea to sea. It could not be traced in this survey beyond Garngron. The Revd. John Williams of Ystradmeurig supposes it may be a British road, or a boundary between two tribes of Britons. " [OOS1 821 ]; "the most widely held view at present being that it dates from the Dark Ages. " [ 1 984 R. J. Moore-Co1yer: 80]. The ychen bannog were reputed oxen of a gigantic size [ 1 954 F. Payne: 1 60], who created this mountain embankment by the act of ploughing a single furrow-slice [1 902 Cymru: 23. 1 5] ; = 'the furrow of Bannog's oxen, the same as were said to be employed in the building of the church of Llanddewi Brefi [1808 s. R. Meyrick: 253] ; cf. Craig-y-faelallt (32-b). The ychen bannog were supposedly to be based on the Urus or Bos primigenius, remains of which, in the shape of horns, gave rise to the legend [1 954 F. Payne: 1 60] . The matgorn yr ychen bannog, a reputed hom ofthe ychen bannog was kept at Llanddewi Brefi church and was seen by the Duke of Beaufort in 1 684 [PDB: 1 16] : "saw a pith of one of its horns in a chest in the high chancel. ", and E. Lhuyd [ 1 722 : 769] ; "Matkorn yr ych bannog als. matkom ych Dewi" shown to author by the sexton of Llanddewi Brefi [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 269]; Corn yr ych bannog, yn grair cysegredig yn eglwys Llanddewi Brefi, gwelwyd hwy gan Rees, yr hanesydd, 1 8 1 3-14, wedi'i lygru a'i ddifa fel na mesurai ond tua throedfedd o hyd, credir y can:fuwyd yng Ngors Caron [ 19 10 M. E. Morgan: 32] . "Cofus genyf glywed hen bobl pedwar ugain oed, ers tua pedair blynedd ar hugain yn ol, yn dywedyd eu bod hwy, pan yn blant [ c. 1 770], wedi clywed hen bobl yn dyweyd eu bod wedi gweld madgorn mown (sic) hen goffr yn yr eglwys hono. " [ 1 861 Brython: 41 7]; by 1 879 matgorn yn ych banog was in the keeping of Mrs. Parry of Llidiardau (54-a) [1 879 AC: 66] ; in 1 953 it was given by G. W. R. M Parry, Llidiardau, to the Welsh Folk Museum at Saint Fagans (Glams.) [1 954 F. Payne: 1 61 ]. "Deu ychen bannawc, y lleill yssyd o'r parth hwnt y'r mynyd Bannawc a'r llall o'r parth hwnn, ac eu dwyn y gyt dan yr un aradyr. Ys hwy yr rei hynny, Nynhyaw a Pheibyaw, a rithwys Duw yn ychen am eu pechawd." (c. l lOO(c. l350) Culhwch ac Olwen: 22] ; "Deu ychen dew Deu odida6c . . . Deu ychen arddercha6c oetynt" [fl.1 170(c. l 400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg.: 1 98]; "Fal y ddau ychen hen hy I Fannog . . . " [fl. l 365 DG: 347] . For other possible references to the ychen bannog, see Brynrych (39-a), Brynrychen (39-a), Cors Pwllrych (53-b), Mynyddrychen (71-b), Nant-yr-ychen (34-d), Rhydychen (14-a), Llechrochain (8-a). Drosgl -(SN 685-584)[y + trosgl]; [d�sk;ll I. Jones] 563

(33) PENNARDD Drosgol 1 79 1 sur map, Droscol 1 80 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Drysgol 1 839TMS, Dryscol OS 1 834, Drysgol O S 1 904, Y Drysgol 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5 , Bane y Drysgol 1 948 Cymro 03/12/48 p.7

Drumddu -(SN 7 1 9-5 89)[y + trum + du]; [dr�m'6i: L. Jones, dr�m L. Jones, �'dr�m S. Jones, keveu,g rajg ,pan1iri Rh. Hughes] Drim Ddii OOS 1 82 1 , Drum-ddu OS 1 834, Drum-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Y Drum OS 1 904

Esgair-fawr -(SN 73 9-585)[esgair + mawr] ; [esker'vowr Rh. Hughes] Esgair fawr OS 1 904

Esgairfedwen -(SN 726-591 )[ esgair + y + bedwen] ; Esgair Fedwen OS 1 904

Esgairffrwd -(SN 753-577)[esgair + y + ffrwd]; [esker'fru:d D. Jones] Esgair Ffrwd 1 83 9TMS, Esgair FfrWd OS 189 1 , Esgair Ferwyn 1 902 Cymru vol.23 p. 7, Esgerferwyn als. Esger-Ffrwd 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 8 Esgair-fraith -(SN 7 1 1 -570)[ esgair + braith]; Esgair Fraith OS 1 891 Esgair-ganol -(SN 739-567)[esgair + canol] ; [esker'gan�l Rh. Hughes]

in£ Esgairsaeson -(SN 749-57 1 )[esgair + y + en. Saeson] ; [esker'sejs�n D. Jones, Rh. Hughes] Esgair Saeson O S 1 904, Esgair Saeson (sic loc.) O S 1 982

Ffos-y-cenglau -(SN 750-574)[ffos + y + cenglau]; [fos�'kDJle Rh. Hughes] Ffoes Torr Cengl 1 760map E.Bowen, Foes-tot-cengl 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Fos y Cenglau 1 803map J. Singer, Ffos y Kingly OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffos y Cenglau OOS 1 82 1 , Ffos y-cenglau OS 1 834, Ffos y Cenglau OS 1 89 1 The ground was wet and i n times gone by along this piece o f road horses used t o s ink t o their girths (cenglau) [ 1 979a E. Jones: 1 8] ; cf. Penbont Rhyd-y-bothau (1 8-a), Ffostrasol (13-a).

Ffosto -(SN 749-578)[ffos + y + to]; [fos'to: Rh. Hughes] in£ Ffynnongaron -(SN 676-594)[ffynnon + tn. Caron (e)] ; Ffynnon Garon OOS 1 81 9, Ffynnon Garon OS 1 834, Ffynnon Caron (SN 674-593) OS 1 89 1 , Spring (SN 676-594) O S 1 904 A little below Tregaron [ 1 796 Camb.Reg.: 3 89] , at the bottom of slope, below the main road, near

Glanbrennig (33-a) [ c. 1 970 WFM 1 965/3 1 : 2-3 ] . Ffynnonsteddfod -(SN 73 6-604)[ffynnon + yr + eisteddfod] ; Ffynnon Steddfod 1 924-26 CSRLS 9 Women came from Pen-uwch (41-a) to gather wool (W. gwlana) on Mynydd-mawr (e) in June, they used to eat their tocyn around Ffynnonsteddfod [inf. s. Jones] ; cf. Pensteddfodau als. Mowntan (40-a). E. Jones

[ 1979a: 52] describes other places named after this custom of midday eating: "Mae dau lecyn ar y mynydd i'n hatgoffa am yr hen arferiad, sef 'Carreg Bara Chaws' ar fynyddoedd Btaencaron, a 'Cerrig Bara Chaws' ar un o fynyddoedd y Fanog. Ar y cerrig hyn y byddai'r menywod a'u plant yn bwyta eu tamaid, a'i olchi i lawr a llymaid o ddWt-. "; there was yet another Carreg Bara-chaws (SN 82-62, Llanwrthwl, Brees.) kareg,bara'zaws [inf. E. Davies], noted as Carreg Wenfawr on OS maps.

Gam -(SN 732-606)[y + earn]; [garn L. Jones, S. Jones] Carn fawr O S 1 834, Cam fawr OS 1 89 1 , Y Garn O S 1 904

Gam-fawr -(SN 707-57 1 ) [y + earn + mawr] ; Cam fawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Cam fawr OS 1 834, Gam fawr O S 1 904

Gam-felen -(SN 701 -569)[y + earn + melen]; Carn Felin OOS 1 8 1 9, Cam Felen OS 1 834, Carn Felen OS 1 89 1 , Garn Felen OS 1 904

Garreg-fawr -(SN 745-565) [y + careg + mawr] ; Garreg Lwyd y Llyn ? 1 829 Castlehill MS 1 063 , Garreg fawr 1 842TMS Doethlau-Camddwr, Carreg fawr Nantllyn > 1 876 Castlehill MS 1 3 52, Careg fawr O S 1 891 Glog -(SN 727-575)[y + clog] ; [�'glo:g, tan�'g lo:g Gwl. Jones] 'common called' Y Glog 1 663/64 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Glog 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Y Cloge 1 720 Castlehill MSS, Glog 1 728 F. Green MSS vol. 1 8 p. 3 75, Glog 1 81 8sur map, Pen y Glog O S 1 834, Clog OS 1 89 1 , Y Glog OS 1 904 Gopa-isa -(SN 7 1 9-597)[y + copa (+ isaf)] ; [g :lpa' iJa Rh. Hughes]

564

(33) PENNARDD Gopa isaf OS 1 89 1 Gopa-ucha -(729-590)[y + copa (+ uchaf)] ; [i,ben�'g:lpa, i·r'g :lpa Rh. Hughes] Penygoppa ucha 1 832 Castlehill MS 1 059, Goppa uchaf OS 1 904 Gorllyn -(SN 725-563)[y + corllyn] ; [g ;,rlm Rh. Hughes] Y Gorllyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 9 A bog [inf Rh. Hughes] ; cf. Dryll y Corllyn 1 625 (Cilcain, Denbs.) [ 1 972b M. Richards: 171 ] . Gwaunllyn -(SN 746-570)[gwaun + y + llyn]; [wejn'im Rh. Hughes] Waunllyn 1 842TMS Doethlau-Camddwr, Waun y Llyn OS 1 904 Y Lan -(SN 683-589)[y + glan] ; Y Lan 1 8 1 8sur map Llethrllwyd -(SN 736-596)[11ethr + llwyd] ; [ie8er'iujd Rh. Hughes] Llethr Ll\Vyd OS 1 904 Llwybrau-hirion -(SN 743-580)[llwybrau + hirion] ; [iujbre'h�rj;,n Rh. Hughes] Llwybrau Hirion OS 1 904 Llynferwyn -(SN 742-568)[llyn + hn. Berwyn]; [i�n'verwm, i�n'berwm D. Jones, i�m'berwm Rh. Hughes] Llyn Verwyn 1 578map C.Saxton, Llyn Verwyn 1 700% Neuadd-fawr MSS, Llyn Berwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Berwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Berwyn Pool 1 832 Castlehill MS 1 062, Llyn Berwyn OS 1 89 1 , Llyn Ferwyn 1 901 J.Rhys p. 577 Llyn Maesllyn -(SN 692-628)[llyn + tn. Maesllyn (33-a)] ; Blumbuden (sic), Llinbuden 1 1 84(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Llinridde, Llinrithe 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 1 8, Llyn Vathey Cringlace 1 760map E.Bowen, Llyn Sathey 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Llyn y Maes 1 796 Camb.Reg. p. 3 87, Llyn Maesllyn 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn y Maes 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Caron, Llyn Maesllyn OOS 1 82 1 , Ll)rn Vathey Cringlas 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 68 This was where the town of Tregaron was reputed to have originally been sited [ 1 796 Camb.Reg.: 387 ] . The variety of the forms of the original name of this lake make its etymology wholly obscure, an accomodation to most forms - viz. Llinbuden 1 1 84, Llinridde, Llinrithe 1 539, Llyn Vathey Cringlace 1 760 - gives something similar to Llynfuddai or Llynfuddau. There was a term buddair in Middle Welsh meaning 'bird of prey' which had become buddai by the time J. Davies wrote his dictionary in 1 632 [GPC s.v. buddair] , which reminds me that the hill immediately opposite this lake was indeed an area where red kites were seen congregating together. Llynwenddwr -(SN 685-588)[llynwyn + dWr-] ; [p:lnd ,imwen'�u:r I. Jones] Llyn Wenddwr OS 1 89 1 , Pontyllynwenddwr 1 924-26 CSRLS 65 Though shown as dried up [ OS1904] , it would fill-up following rainy weather, and children would go and play in it (inf. I. Jones] ; cf. Brynllynwyndd)vr (SS 90-99, Rhondda, Glams.); LlynddWr (14-a). Longroes -(SN 670-61 8)[lon + croes] ; Y Lon Groes, Lon Gros 'dywedwn ni ' 1 936 A.Bebb p. 1 9, Gipsy Lane inf. Moelau -(SN 730-597)[moelau]; [m:ljle D. Jones, L. Jones, Rh. Hughes] Moelau OS 1 904 Ochr-fawr Cwmberwyn -(SN 738-564)[ochr + mawr + tn. Cwmberwyn (33-a)] ; [oz:lr,vowr,kmn'berwm Rh. Hughes] inf On the north side of this hill lies bagktre'wern [inf. Rh. Hughes] . Rolchfa -(SN 724-598)[yr + golchfa]; [hibx':llzva S . Jones] inf Penpebyll -(SN 701 - 588)[pen + y + pebyll]; [pem'pebii 0. Green] (c51 ) Cae Pebill 1 839TMS, Pen Pebyl1 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86 p.24, Pen-pebyl1 1 936 D.C.Rees p.57 This was the name of a ruin [ 1 924 D. Thomas MS B-86: 24] ; name of the road [inf s. Jones] . Penpica -(SN 680-594)[pen + pica]; Glan-y-ty-gwyn 1 81 8sur map, Pica bach OS 1 891, Picca bach OS1904, Picca c. 1 930 postcard in 1 990 Lampeter photographs p. 1 39, i dop y Pica, Pen-pica 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5, Pica bach 1 947 Cymro 03/12/48 p. 7 Pentirglas -(SN 730-585)[pentir + glas]; Pentirglase 1 832 Castlehill MS 1 059 Plantesion-y-banc -(SN 684-579)[plantesion + y + bane] ; 565

(33) PENNARDD Plantation y Bane OS 1904 Plantesion Cae-banc -(SN 682-579)[plantesion + tn. Cae-bancJ; [ka·'bauk I. Jones] Plantation Cae-banc OS 1 904 Ponteinon -(SN 67 1-61 3)[pont + pn. Einon]; [p:lnt'ejn;,n in£ ] Inon Bridge 1760map E.Bowen, Pont Eynon 1 763 in 1 937 CAST vol. 1 2 p. 26, Pont-Einion 1 768 in 1 8 1 1 E.Richard p.40, Pont Eynon 1 776 in 1 936 S.MPowell p. 78, Pont Einon 1 791 sur map, Pont Einon 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Ynen 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.394, Pont Einion OOS 1 8 1 9, Pont Einion OS 1 834, Pont Einon OS 1 89 1 , ar Bont Einion 1 991 L.Ebeneser p. 5 8 i) b. 1 805. old bridge, ii) b. 1 972. new bridge built alongside the old one [ 1 974 Cardi: 1 2 . 1 5 ; 1 978 CER: 8.333] . Edward Richard ( 1 71 4-77) had a poem to Ponteinon [1 901 Cymru: 21 .274] ; named after Einon Sais, abbot of Ystradfflur (34-a) [1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 138] ; cf. Plas Einon [1 870 in 1936 D. C. Rees: 78] ; Plas Eynon 'in a hollow bet. Tynswydd and Tynberth (33-a)' [1936 D. c. Rees: 79] . Pont Ffrainc -(SN 668-586)[pont + tn. Ffrainc] ; [p:lnt'frajiJk F . Evans] Pont Ffraine OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [OS1 982]; called thus because o f two gangs of navvies who were building the railroad about 1 870 had showed differing sympathies upon the advent the Franco-Prussian War, those who built this bridge supporting France, those building the other bridge supporting Prussia [ 1936 E. c . Rees: 1 28] . Pont Trecefail -(SN 673 -590)[pont + tn. Trecefail (33-a)] ; Pont Trecavel c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.91 , Trecevel Bridge 1 760 Castlehill MSS, Pont Trecefel 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Tre-cefel OS1 891 , Teifi Bridge, 'miscalled on the A.A. sign' Trecefel Bridge 1 936 D.C.Rees p. 1 28, 'known as' Pont Goch 1 99 1 in CN 07/06/91 Destroyed 1 991 and replaced by a new bridge 50m to the w [ 1 991 Barcud: 1 59] . The new bridge seems to have been named Pont Goch by someone [1991 Barcud: 1 59] . Pwlltwm -(SN 733-587)[pwll + pn. Twm] ; [pui'tum 0. Green] inf. Rhyd-ddu -(SN 659-634)[rhyd + du] ; Ford OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-ddu OS 1 904 Rhyd-y-grafel -(SN 750-568)[rhyd + y + grafel] ; [hri·d�'g ravel J. Jones, hrid�'gravel Rh. Hughes] inf. A solid piece to cross the peat-hags (pishyn caled i groesi trapau) [inf. Rh. Hughes] . Rhydnentydd -(SN 705-61 2)[rhyd + y + nentydd]; [hri·d�'nenh� S. Jones] Glanrhydnentydd 1 81 9 Derry Ormond MS Talwm -(SN 746-590)[talwrn]; [talurn L. Jones, Rh. Hughes, D. Jones, talun S. Jones] Talwrn OS 1 904 This is summer pasture (daear haf) [inf. Rh. Hughes] . Trapau-brychon -(SN 741-564)[trapiau + brychion]; [traper'im ? Rh. Hughes] Pwllebrychion 1 828 Castlehill MS 1 063 , Trapiau Brychion OS 1 904 The local realisation of b1ychion is br�:ll). [inf. Gl. Davies (L1anddewi Brefi)] . Waunwastad -(SN 7 1 0-60 1 )[y + gwaun + gwastad]; [wejn'wasbd, wejn'wastad S. Jones] Waun Westad 1990 BSCL Ceredigion (CL Old 38)

566

(34) PENNARDD CARON UWCH-CLAWDD Aberdouddwr -(SN 794-61 6)[aber + dau + dWt-] ; [aber'd�j()ur D. Jones] Aberdoyddwr 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Aberddaiddwr 1 81 8sur map, Aberddwyddwr 1 839TMS, Aber Ddoi Ddwr 1 80m,2 Nanteos fpls., Aber-deuddwr O S 1 891 Inexistent (os 1 904]. Alltddu -(SN 702-637)[allt + du] ; Alltddy 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Allt Dye 1 673/74 Crosswood MS S, Alt Dy 1681 Crosswood MSS, Allt Ddy 1 690rent £ 20, AlltddU 1 768rent Crosswood, Alit Ddu 1 771 Crosswood MSS, Allt Du 1 79 l sur map, Yr Allt Ddu 0081 82 1 , Allt-ddu OS1 834, Allt-ddu OS1 891, Yr Allt Ddu 1 99 1 L.Ebenezer p.45 Blaencwmffiur -(SN 745-61 7)[blaen + cwrn + hn. Fflur]; [vagon'fli:r S. Jones] Blaencwrnfleer 1 83 9TMS, Glanyravon als. Glanyravon als. Glanryrafon-Cwm-ffier-tan-y-quarrel 'then known as' Cae-Cwrnfflur 1 869 Crosswood Add MSS, Cae-Cwmffier 1 869 Crosswood Add MSS Blaenegnant -(SN 789-662)[blaen + hn. Egnant]; Blaynigynant 1 577rent £4, Blaen Llygnant 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Blanychnant 1 8 1 8sur map, Magwyr Blaen Egnant 1 839TMS, (c) Cae Blaen-Egnant (prox.) OS 1 891 Blaenffiur -(SN 743-633)[blaen + hn. Fflur]; [blan'fli:r E. & E. Edwards] Blaynflier 1 577rent £ 4, Lloynflur 1 577rent f l O, Lloyn Flur 161 8- 1 9rent, Llwynffieere 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Llwynflere 1 633/34 Crosswood MSS, Blaen Fleer 1 768rent Crosswood, Blaerrffieer als. Llwynffieer 1 769rent Crosswood, Blaenfleer 1 78 l sur map, Blaenffiur 1 803PR Y stradffiur, Blaen Flur 0081 82 1 , Blaen Flfu OS 1 834, Blaen-fflur OS1 89 1 BiaenglasffiWd-isa -(SN 764-638)[blaen + hn. Glasffiwd (+ isaf)]; Blayn Glassrede yssa 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p.68, Blaen Glas Ffrwd issa 1 691 Crosswood MSS, Blaen Glasfrwd issa 1 696 Crosswood MSS, Blanglasfrwd-issa 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Blaenglasferwd issa 1 768rent Crosswood, Blaen Glasffrwd issa 1 7 8 l sur map, Sheepfolds OS 1 891 Blaenglastfrwd-ucha -(SN 766-632)[blaen + hn. Glasffrwd (+ uchaf)]; [bla:u'glasfrod T. Morgan, bla:u 'glasrud M. Davies, blau'glasrod J. Richards] Blaynglasfroud, Blaynglafroud 1 577rent £4, Blaen Glasfrwd ycha 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Blaen Glas Ffrwd ycha 1 691 Crosswood MSS, Blanglasfrwd-ycba 1 763 Crosswood MS S, Blaenglasferwd ycha 1768rent Crosswood, Blaen Glasffrwd, Blaenglasffrwd ucba 1 78 lsur map, Blaen Glasrwd 1 803rnap J. Singer, Blaen Glasrwd OOS1 821, Blaen-glasffrwd OS 1 891 Blaengortfen -(SN 720-626)[blaen + hn. Gorffen] ; [bla:u'g�rfen M. Harries] Blaen Gorphen 1 61 8-1 9rent, Glan Gorfen 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Blaen Gorffen 1 662 Crosswood MS S, Glan Gorphen 1 8 1 8sur map, Blaen Gorthen OOS 1 82 1 , Blaen-gorphen OS 1 834, Blaengorfen 1 839TMS, Blan Gorffen 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Glangorphen 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Blaen-gorphen OS 1 89 1 Blaenmouro -(SN 782-648)[blaen + hn. Mouro] ; [bla:n'm�jr�, bla:n'mojr� E . & E. Edwards] Blaynrnorat, Blayn Mora 1 577rent £3, Blaen Moyra ysha 1 6 1 8-1 9rent, Blaenrnoroth 1 63 6/37 Crosswood MSS, Blaen Moyro 1 670 Crosswood MS 97, Blaen Meyro issa 1 677/78 Crosswood MSS, Blaen-moyroth 1 78 l sur map, Blaen Moyro 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Moiro 1 805PR Ystradffiur, Blanrnoirodd 1 8 1 8sur map, Blaen Moirodd 1 839TMS, Blaenrnoeredd 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. See Blaenmouro (34-b). Bronceiro -(SN 73 1 -653)[tn. Bronceiro (74-a)] ; [br�u'kejro E. & E. Edwards] in£ Bronhelm -(SN 801 -533)[bron + yr + helm] ; [br�n'he·lem J. Jones, D. Jones, br�'helem D. Jones, b�r'he-lem, br�'he-lem Gwl. Jones, �n,vr�n'helem D. Jones, ,§)br�n'hre-lem 1 989 E. M. Watkins p. l 55] Moel yr Helem ? 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p.99, Moel yr Helem 1 675 Crosswood MSS, Moil yr Hellem 1 725 Crosswood MSS, Bron yr Helem 1 781 sur map, Bron'rhelem 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bronhelem 1 803map J. Singer, Bron-helm OOS 1 82 1 , Bron-yr-helrn OS 1 834, Bron-yr-helrn OS1 891 Bronmwyn -(SN 7 1 6-643)[bron + y + mwyn] ; [b�'mojn S. Jones] Bron y Moyn 1 577rent, Bron y Mwyn 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Brony Moen 1 760map E.Bowen, Bronyrnwyn 1 788 Maes-newydd MSS, Bron y Mwyn 1 795PR Caron, Bron Mwyn 008 1 821 , Bron­ mwyn OS 1 834, Broninwyn 1 886 Crosswood Add MSS, Bron-mWyn OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Islwyn Bryn-mwyn 1 991 L.Ebenezer p.29 567

(34) PENNARDD (c) Cae Shaftau (prox. ) [ 1 8391MS Caron] . Bryncrach -(SN 728-659) [bryn + crach] ; Bryn Crach 1 691 Crosswood MSS , Brynhope Mines 1 865 Crosswood Add MSS, Bendigaid Mine als. W. Florida 1 874 A. Francis p. 1 34, Bryncrach 1 800¥2map Min.Dist . , Bryncrach 1 9 1 5 Cymru vol.49 p. 1 39, Brynhope O S 1 974 Geol. map, Bendigaid, West Florida, Cardigan South Bog 1 974 D.E.Bick p . 3 7, Shaft

et al. p. 9, (c) Rhiw Bryncrach in£ L. [brm'di: E. & E. Edwards]

OS 1 982, Bryn Hope > 1 985 R Burt

Bryndu

-(SN 732-628)[bryn + du] ;

Ebenezer

Bryn-du OS 1 89 1

Bryneithinog -(SN 737-636)[bryn + eithinog] ; [br�n.ej'Oin:lg

T. Morgan]

Bryn Eithinog 1 69 1 Crosswood MS S, Bryn Ythinogg 1 734 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Eithinog 1 78 1 sur map, Bryn Eithinog OOS 1 82 1 , Bryneithnog 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-eithinog OS 1 89 1

Bryngors

-(SN 728-657)[bryn + y + cors] ;

[brm'g:lrs E. & E.

Edwards]

Bryn y Gors 1 577rent f. 3 , Brin y Gors 1 662 Crosswood MSS , Bryn y Gorse 1 744 Crosswood MSS , Bronygorse 1 768rent Crosswood, Bronygorse als. Brynygorse 1 769rent Crosswood, Bron y Gors 1 839TMS, Bryn-y-gors OS 1 89 1 , Bryngors isaf + uchaf 1 974 J. RJones p. 98

Brynhop -(SN 7 1 6-657) [bryn + hob ? ] ; [brm'ho:p

J. Richards, E.

& E.

Edwards,

br�n'ho:p

S. Jones]

Brunhop >1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfflur, Bryn Hop > 1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Brin Hope 1 678 Crosswood MS S , Bryn Hope 1 742/43 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Hope 1 78 1 sur map, Bryn Hope OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn Hob OS 1 83 4, Bryn-hope OS 1 8 9 1 I t i s tempting to derive this name fr o m W .

hob

'a measure o f corn' (� ME.

hope) - another hob,

meaning

'pig' is also possible - but the local pronunciation, as well as the documentary forms (OS 1 83 4 not to be

hope), which seems present, though its [GPC s.v. hop] , would be a most unlikely thirteenth-century Welsh word, and it seems likely that in some point in the Modern period hop was substituted for an original hob. The reanalysis of the name with hop gives the name a composed flavour similar to the well-established place-names, E. Mountjoy, F. Montjoie (though except for Mount Hope (43-a), attested in 1 89 1 , I know of no equivalent in English, c£ Mount Misery (unloc., Marloes) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 615] ) , and probably made it popular as an emulative name, see Brynhop (48-a; 50-a); and perhaps through welshification to Bryngobaith (3-a; 4-a; 1 7-a). W. J. Gruffydd [ 1 928: 2 44] pointed out that Cae-Hob (L1anddeiniolen, Caerns.), because of the shortness of its vowel, could not represent hob with its long vowel.

trusted) go against this etymology. The word earliest attestation in Welsh

is

hop

'hope' (� E.

the late seventeenth century

A popular etymology has it that the monks who carried stones for the building of the monastery, had

hope

J. Richards] ; D6lrychen, Ce.fngaer and part of D6lboudyau were Crosswood Add MSS] . 71 0-632) [bwlch + y + dwy + alit] ; [bulz inf. , �·bulz S. Jones, bank�.bulz� ·�ujalt (id.) L.

once they reached this hill [inf.

formerly part of Brynh6p [ 1 863

Bwlchddwyallt

-(SN

Jones] Bwlch y Doyallt 1 577rent £ 3 , Bwlch Doyallt 1 6 1 8- 1 9rent, Bwlch y Ddwyallt 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS , Bwlch y Ddwiallt 1 665 Crosswood MS S, Bwlch y Ddwy Alt 1 677/78 Crosswood MSS, Bwlch y Ddwyallt 1 65 5PR Caron, Bwlch y Ddwyallt OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch-y-ddwyallt OS 1 89 1

Bwlchgraig -(SN 755-645) [bwlch + y + craig] ; [bulz'grajg E . & E.

Edwards]

Bwlch-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Bwlchgraig 1 974 J. Jones p. 9, Magwr Bwlchgraig 1 989 Barcud n 1 40 The name refers to the nearby

b);

Y Graig (SN 75 8-646) [(c2080) 1 8391MS] ; cf. adjoining Craig Tyngarreg (34bwlch is more likely to mean 'gap, entrance' of the road, rather than in

due to the situation of the place,

any topographical sense; this could be one of the mountain gates leading to the open mountain - though the actual limit of the mountain boundary

Caradog

-(SN 73 3-63 3)[pn Caradog] ;

[ka'rad:lg

(clawdd-mynydd)

in this area is not clear.

T. Morgan]

Caradog 1 83 9TMS, Caradog O S 1 89 1

Castell -(SN 724-663)(Cefngaer)[castell] ; [kastcl E. & E. Edwards] (c) Caeau Castell 1 839TMS, Castell 1 974 J. Jones p . 98 Refers to Gaer (34-b). Castellcaradog -(SN 732-63 5 )[castell + pn. Caradog]; [kastcl T. Morgan, kastcl'iJa Castell-Caradog 1 839TMS, Castell-Caradog O S 1 891 No remains of fortifications nearby.

Castellmur -(SN 721-640)[castell + hn.

Fflur] ;

[kastcl'fli:r E. & E.

Castell Flir 1 83 9TMS, Castell-fflur O S 1 891

568

Edwards]

p. c. C. Jones]

(34) PENNARDD Castell-ucha -(SN 733-63 5)(Rhos Gelli-gron)[castell (+ uchaf)] ; [kastcl T. Morgan, kastcl'�xa p. c. C. Jones] Castell 1 839TMS, Castell OS 1 891 See sub Castellcaradog (34-a). Cefngaer-fach -(SN 720-664)[cefn + y + caer (+ bach)]; [keveiJ,ga:r'va:x E. & E. Edwards] Lloyn Tybi issa 1 577rent £ 9, Lloyn Tivy issa 1 577rent £ 6, Llooyn Tyvy yssa 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p.68, Llwyn Tivy issa 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Teivi issa 1 675 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Tivy issa 1 839TMS Cefngaer-ucha -(SN 723-665)[cefn + y + caer (+ uchaf)] ; [keveiJ'ga:r E. & E. Edwards] Kevencastell ? 1 1 81-82( 1 28 5) cart. Ystradfflur, Keven Castelli ? > 1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfllur, Lloyn Tyvye ycha 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 68, Llwyn Tivie 1 665 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Teivi 1 675 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Tivy ycha 1 691/92 Crosswood MS S, Llwyn y Tivy ycha 1 723/24 Crosswood MSS, Cefenygar 1 785PR Ystradftlur, Cefn y Gaer OOS 1 82 1 , Cefn-y-gaer OS1834, Llwyntivy ucha 1 839TMS, Cefnygaer uchaf 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Cefn-y-gaer OS1891, Cefengar 1 976 Barcud n.5 The medieval frrst name could well be references to Cefnmourig (58-a) near which is Domen (58-b), the original castle of Ystradmeurig; the caer here refers to Gaer (34-b). Cefnllwyd -(SN 727-647)[ cefn + llwyd]; [keven'iojd E. & E. Edwards] (c) Ceven Llwyd 1 781 sur map, Cefn Llwyd 1 839TMS, Cefn-llWyd OS 1 891 Celli-clwydau -(SN 77 1 -647)[celli + yr + clwydauL [gcli E. & E. Edwards] Kelly Glwyd 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Gelly y Clwyde 1 78 1 sur map, Gellu-clwide 1 8 1 8sur map, Gelli Clwydon OOS 1 821 , Gelli Clwyden OS1 834, Gellyclwide 1 839TMS, Gelli-clwydi OS 1 891 In ruins [OS 1 904]. Cilbryn -(SN 733-63 0)[cil + y + bryn]; Cil-y-bryn OS 1 834, Cylbryn 1 839TMS, Cil-y-bryn OS1 891 Cilfachdwn-fach -(SN 730-641)[cilfach + y + dwn (+ bach)]; [gdvax,don'va:x E. & E. Edwards, gl�xdon'va:x T. Morgan] Kilvach y Dwn ucha 1 638 Crosswood MSS, Havod y Ryd ycha 1 641 Crosswood MSS, Havod y Rhyd ywcha 1 688 Crosswood MSS, Gilfach y Dwn fach 1 760CF, Cilfachydwn fach 1 768rent Crosswood, Cilfach-y-dion-fach als. Havod-y-rheed-ucha 1 804 Crosswood MSS, Cil:fach Dwn OOS 1 821, Gilvachytwyn fach 1 839TMS, Gil:fach-y-dwn-!ach OS 1 89 1 Cilfachdwn-fawr -(SN 729-646)[cilfach + y + dwn ( + mawr)] ; [gdvatdon E . & E . Edwards, glax'dun T . Morgan] Kilvagh y Dwn 1 577rent f.9, Kilvach y Dwn issa 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS, Gilfach y Dwn fawr 1760CF, Cilfachydwn fawr 1 768rent Crosswood, Gilvach y Dwn 1 78 1 sur map, Gilfach Dwn fawr 1 789PR Ystradfllur, Cilfach y Dwn fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Gilvachytwyn mawr 1 839TMS, Gilfach-y-dwn-fawr OS1 891, Gilfachdwn 1 991 L. Ebenezer p.25 Cf. Ffosdwn (26-a), Pant-y-dwn (74-a). Cilgarn -(SN 737-644)[ cil + y + cam]; [gd'garn T. Morgan] Kille Gam 1 577rent f. 9, Kil y Gam 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Cil-y-garn 1 78 1 sur map, Cil y Gam 1 785PR Y stradfllur, Kilgarn, Kily-garn 1 8 1 8sur map, Cilgarn OOS 1 821 , Cil-y-gam OS 1 834, Cil-garn OS1 89 1 Cnwch -(SN 732-654)[cnwch]; [knu:x E . & E . Edwards] Knwck y Wallis ? 1 662 Crosswood MSS, Knwch y Walis 1 677/78 Crosswood MSS, Knwch y Wallis 171 1 Crosswood MSS, Cneuch OS1 834, Cnwch OS1 891 , Cnwch OS 1 904, Cnwch 0Sc. 1 950, Twyn 1 974 J.Jones p. 99 This place was renamed Twyn c. 1 922 [p.c. c. Jones] . The fuller version of the original name has an obscure element walis which may be compared to Alltwalis (SN 45-32, Canns.), Tire Alit Dwalis [1624 BRA (1935) MSS: 5]; Clynwallis (OS map form) (SN 53-33, Gwemogle, Canns.); Y Walys (fishguard, Pembs.), Magwr y Walleys 1 653, Wallis 1 793, Wallis Street 1 805, which is a loan from ME. 'walles' (MnE. 'walls') [ 1992 PN Pembs: 56) . There is also an E.sn. Wallis [DES : 474], originally meaning 'Welshman', which could be invoked in alternative to explain Cnwch-y-walis and Alltwalis. Cnwch-bach -(SN c. 733-656)[cnwch (+ bach)] ; Cnwc y Gororion OS 1 834, Cnwch bach 1 839TMS, Cwmbach ? 1 974 J.RJones p.98 Cornwal-fach -(SN 748-654)[tn. Cornwal (+ bach)]; Cornwall fach OOS 1 82 1 , Comwal fach OS 1 834 569

(34) PENNARDD Comwal-fawr -(SN 748-658) [tn. Cornwal (+ bach)]; [k�rnwal E. & E. Edwards] Cornwall 1 765 Nanteos fPl 302, Cornwall 1 8 1 8sur map, Cornwall fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Cornwal-fawr OS1 834, Cornwall-fawr OS1 891 , Cornwall-fawr 0Sc. 1 950, Dolau Flur OS1 982 John son of William Oliver buried, from Cornwal [ 1 793PR Ystradffiur] (is this the country or this place?); cf. Comwal (55-a), Comwal (SH 80-63, Llansannan, Denbs.). Comwal-ucha -(SN 750-659)[tn. Cornwal (+ uchaf)]; [k�rnwal'va:x; E. & E. Edwards] Cornwall-uchaf OS1 891 This could only have become Cornwal-fach after the demise of the earlier Comwal-fach (34-a) in the nineteenth century. Cwmdu -(SN 803-553)[cwm + du]; [kmn'di: D. Jones] Cwm Dy 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1955) p.99, Cwm Duy 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Cwm-du 1 78 1 sur map, Cwm DU. OOS1 82 1 , Cwm-du OS1 89 1 Cwmgorffen-isa -(SN 71 8-633)[cwm + hn . Gorffen ( + isaf)] ; [kum·g�rfen E . & E . Edwards] Cwmgorfen 1 83 9TMS, Cwm-gorphen-isaf OS1 89 1 , Cwm-gorphen 0Sc. 1 950 Cwmgorffen-ucha -(SN 71 9-633)[cwm + hn. Gorffen (+ uchaf)] ; Cwm-gorphen-uchaf 0S 1 891, Ty uchaf 1 974 J.RJones p.99 Cwm-Mouro -(SN 770-654)[cwm + hn. Mouro] ; [kum'm�jro D. Jones, kum'�jro E. Davies, E. & E. Edwards, kmn'ejro E. & E. Edwards] (c) Cwm Moyva 1 803map J. Singer, (c2200) Ffald Ul.s 1 839TMS, Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) O S 1 891, Cwm Moire 1 894 Geninen p.221 , o Gwm Aero 191 5 Cymru vol.48 p. 1 75, a Chwm Airo 1 91 6 Cymru vol.5 0 p.39, Cwmoiro 1 959 Canm. Rhydfendigaid p.45, a Chwm Oero 1 984 CN 3 1/09/84 p. 22 b. 1 880, branch of Rhydfendigaid (58-a) [ 1 959 Canm. Rhydfendigaid: 45 ] . Derwenlas -(SN 734-661)[derwen + glas]; Derwen Las OS 1 982 Dinas -(SN 773-650)[dinas] ; [di:nas E. & E. Edwards] Maes y Ddynas 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS, Maes y Dinas, Dinas 1 760CF, Dinas 1 768rent Crosswood, Dinas als. Maes y Ddinas 1 769rent Crosswood, Dinas 1 78 1 sur map, Dinas 1 794PR Ystradffiur, Dinas 1 803map J. Singer, Dinas OOS 1 82 1 , Y Coed ? OS1 834, Dinas 1 839TMS, Hen-Dinas OS 1 891 , Dinas, 'r Dinas 1 894 Geninen p.221, Hen Ddinas 1 924--26 CSRLS 58, 'Rhenddinas 1 974 J.Jones p.98 Refers to Castell (34-b); the maes in the earliest forms is what was later known as (c2193) Cae Penymaes [ 18391MS], NW of the house. Dolan -(SN 706-660)[dolau]; [dole E. & E. Edwards] Dolau 1 974 J.RJones p.98 Dol-y-bont -(SN 728-664)[dol + y + pont]; Doley Bont 1738/39 Crosswood MSS, Dol-y-bont 1 781 sur map, Dolybont 1 839TMS Dolboudyau -(SN 71 0-662)[dol + y + beudyau] ; [do:Ibe'dije E. & E. Edwards, do:lb�'dije in£] Dol y Bydyeh 1 577rent f. 5, Dol y Bedy 1 577rent £ 6, Dole y Bedy 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 68, Doll y Bedyr 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 1 05, Dole Boydie 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Dole y Badye 1 673/74 Crosswood MSS, Dol y Boydie 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Tyddyn Dol y Boydie 1 73 3 Crosswood MS S, Tyddyn Dol y Bordie 1 733 Plas Llangoedmor MSS, Dolyboidie ycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Dolboydie 1 78 1 sur map, Doleboidie 1 790PR Ystradffiur, Dolboidie OOS 1 821, Dol-bydie OS1834, Dol Bydie (? Dol Beudai) 1 883 J.Rhys p. 1 94, Dol-beudai OS 1 89 1 , Dol-beudiau OS 1 904, Dolbeudyau 1 974 J.RJones p. 99 Dolcoed -(SN (i)73 5-66 1 )[dol + y + coed]; Dol y Coid 1 577rent, (c) Dolegoed 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, (c23) Funnon Dol Goid, (c24) Turbary y Ddol Goed, (c25) Cnwc y Ddolgoed (prox.) 1 765 Nanteos fpl.. 3 02, Ddolgoed 1 802PR Ystradffiur, Dolgoed (i), (c) Tir Dolgoed (ii) 1 83 9TMS, Dolgoed 1 888 S.W.Williams cxxx, Dolgoed (ii) OS 1 891, Dolgoed House (ii) 1 896 Crosswood Add MSS, Dolgoed (ii) OS 1 904, Dolgoed House (ii) 0Sc. 1 950, Dolgoed (ii), Capri (i) OS 1 982 i) SN 735-661 . 1 839. ii) SN 73 5-66 1 . 1 891 . Dolgoch -(SN 806-561 )[dol + coch]; [ d�l'go:x; L. Jones, Gwl. Jones, do·l'go:x; D. Davies, do:l'go:x; D. Jones]

570

(34) PENNARDD Dol Goch 1 721 /22 Crosswood M88, Dolegoch 1 728 F. Green M88 vol. 1 8 p. 3 74, Dole Goch 1 760map E.Bowen, Dol-goch 1 78 1 sur map, Dolgoch 1 803 map J. 8inger, Dolgoch 008 1 82 1 , Dol-goch 08 1 89 1 , Dolgoch ar Dywi 1 946 T.Beynon p. 5 0

Dolwerdd

-(8N 730-663 )[ dol + gwerdd] ;

Dol Werdd 08 1 982

Dobychen

- (8N 7 1 3-652)[dol + yr + ychen] ;

[d:ll'r;)xen J.

Richards]

Dol ir Ughen 1 577rent, Dol yr Ychen 1 69 1 /92 Crosswood MSS, Dolyrychen 1 760CF, Dol yr Uchen 1 78 1 sur map, Dol Rhychen OOS 1 82 1 , Doleyrychen 1 839TMS, Dol-yr-ychain OS 1 89 1 , Dolyrychain 0Sc. 1 95 0

Eglwys Fynachlog -(8N 746-657)[eglwys + tn.

Fynachlog [-fawr]

(34-a)];

Strata Florida Church (Vicarage) O S 1 89 1 , St. Mary's Church O S 1 904, Strata Florida als. Mynachlog fawr 1 907 T.W. Barker p.98, Eglwys Ystrad Fflur 1 974 J.R Jones p. 62, Eglwys y Fynachlog 1 974 J.R Jones p. 78, Eglwys y Fynachlog 1 986 W. J. Gru:ffydd p . 53

Eglwys Fynachlog as a parish church [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4 .43 5] or as "this [ 1 778 in 1808 s. R. Meyrick: 256] can be explained as due to the fact it was a parochial chapelry in the parish of Caron (in Welsh the local term was eglwys 'church' as in the name Eglwys Fynachlog as well as (c21 ) Gwirglodd yr Eglws [1765 Nanteos fpl .302] ). G. E. Evans [ 1 903 : 1 8] stated that "at present" he leant to the idea that Richard Stedman, the eighteenth-century owner of Fynachlog (34-a), was the builder of the church (in 1 808 it was "The Nanteos family present the minister to this chapel. " [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 255 ]). The church was rebuilt in 1 759, 1 762, 1 824, 1 875 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 25] ; b. 1 8 1 5, and dedicated to Saint Mary [1833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .230] ; see Ystradjjlur (34-a). Fagwyrlas(i) -(SN 780-659)(Cwmegnant)[y + magwyr + glas] ; The conflicting descriptions of

chapel"

Vagwyr Lase 1 675 Crosswood MSS , Vagwir Loef 1 69 1 /92 Crosswood MS S, Vagwrlas 1 729/30 Crosswood MS S, Vagurlas 1 75 5 Crosswood M8 S, Vagwr Las 1 768rent Crosswood, Vagwyr Las 1 78 1 sur map, Fagwyr Las 1 83 9TMS, Magwyr-las OS 1 89 1 , Magwyr Las 1 924-26 CSRLS 58

Fagwyrlas(ii) -(SN 753-598)(Blaencamddwr) [y + magwyr + glas] ; [vagun'la:s

S . Jones]

Vagwr Las 1 839TMS See

Frongoch

Esfairberfedd (34-b).

-(SN 766-666)[y + bron + coch] ;

[vr::nJ'go:z E. & E.

Edwards, G. Edwards]

Y Fron Goch 1 500¥2 Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Vron Gough 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p.68, Brongoch 1 673 Crosswood MS S, Frongoch 1 759 Crosswood MSS, Fron Goch 1 78 1 sur map, Fron Goch 1 783PR Ystradffiur, Froncoch 1 793PR Caron, Bron Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Bron-goch OS 1 834

Frongoch-fach

-(SN 7652-667)[y + bron + coch (+ bach)];

Fron Goch fach 1 8 1 8sur map, Frongoch fach 1 839TMS

Fynachlog-fawr -(SN

746-656)[y + mynachlog + mawr] ;

[nazbg , i·r'nazbg, inazl:lg E. & E.

Edwards)

or Vynachlog Ystradffiur c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 55, or Vynachlog c. 1 600 L.Dwnn p. 54, Fanachlog 1 772PR Llangeitho, Fonachlog 1 794PR Llangeitho, Mynachlog Ystrad Fflur 008 1 82 1 , Maenachlog 1843 TMS Lledrod, Mynachlog-fawr or Abbey Farm OS 1 89 1 , Great Abbey Farm 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 6, Ffarm y Fynachlog 1 9 1 5 Cymru vol.48 p. 230, Amaethdy'r Fynachlog 1 986 W.J. Gruffydd p. 5 5 See

Garreglwyd

Ystradjjlur (34-a). -(SN 788-645)[y + carreg + llwyd] ;

[gareg'lujd E. & E.

Edwards, G. Edwards]

Garregg Lwyd 1 690rent £ 21 , Garreg Lwyd OOS 1 82 1 , Carreg-llwyd O S 1 834, Gareg-1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 , Gareg-lwyd OS 1 904 Inexistent

[1 839TMS] . Gilryd -(SN 759-662)[y + cil + rhyd] ; Gibrid cott. 1 78 1 sur map, Gilrhyd 1 78 5PR Ystradffiur, Gilrhyd 1 83 9TM8, Gilrhyd, Gerlyd,

(c)

Cae

Gyrlyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 58, Cyrlid 1 974 J. Jones p . 99 Cf

Gilrhyd (Llandysilio), Gillreede

1 682,

Cilrhyd

1 786,

Gilrhyd

1 832,

Cirlyd

1 840

[ 1 992 PN Pembs: 41 1 ] .

The metathesised forms of both this and the Llandysilio name may explain an otherwise obscure name of a ford, viz.

Rhyd-y-gyrli hri:d;)'g;)rli

[inf

D. Davies]

(SN

80-48, Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, Cann s .), though it would be gwrli [ 1983 B. L. Jones: 46] ; cf (c) Rhyd-y­

simpler to derive this from gor/if 'deluge', found in Anglesey as

cwrlid (SJ 06-29, Llangynog, Monts.); for an explanation of the metathesis of the Gilryd, cf Gilros (5-a). Glanrafon -(SN 73 0-639)[glan + yr + afon]; [;),Sk:lldi,glan'rav:ln E. & E. Edwards] 571

medial consonant cluster of

(34) PENNARDD 'Glan'r-afon OS 1 834, Glanyrafon 1 839TMS, Capel Glan-yr-afon (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Glanyrafon (Cefullwyd) 1 959 Carun. Rhydfendigaid p.45, Glanyrafon isaf (prox.), Glanyrafon fach (prox. ), Capel Iago 1 974 J.RJones p. 98 b. l 886, branch of Rhydfendigaid (58-a) [ 1 959 Canm. Rhydfendigaid: 45]; closed 1 952 [ 1978 CER: 8.370] . Glannant -(SN 732-633)[glan + nant]; Glan-nant 081 891 Gnuach -(SN 806-502)[ ? ] ; [gni·ax Gwl Jones, D. Jones, �'gniaz J. Lewis, g nejaz J. Jones] Gwnvach 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 99, Y Gnyach Whenin 1 670 in 1 93 8 R J. Thomas xxii, Guiach 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS, Gniach 1 78 1sur map, Cynnach 1 8 1 1 Cambrian 27/04/1 1 , Cnuch OS 1 834, Cnuach 1 93 8 RJ. Thomas p. 2, Geneuach list J.Lewis R J. Thomas [1 938: 2] derived it from cnu(j) which seems unlikely as we would expect a realisation *Gnufach in this area, cf. cnu.fyn kn�vm [inf c. Jones]; cf. (c58) Cniach Twndwn (above Llwymhwch, 33-a) and (c795) Cniach Twndwn (Maesllyn land, 33-a) [18391MS Caron] ; cf. Pengnuach (34-b). G. A Fychan' s tentative suggestion [200 1 : 330] that Gnuach is from cnuch ]oint, knuckle' with an epenthetic is unconvincing as such a phonological development is unknown in Welsh. Gro-bach -(SN 733-636)[gro + bach]; Gro bach 1 839TMS, Gro bach 1 924--26 CSRLS 5 8 Grofftau -(SN 750-644)[grofftau]; [gr�fte E . & E . Edwards, J. Richards, S . Jones, kr:lfte T . Morgan] Croftie 1 577rent f.5, Tiddin Cnoya als. Croftie 1 577rent f. 8, Groftie 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Croffte 1 781 sur map, Grofte 1 786PR Ystradfflur, Groftan 1 8 1 8sur map, Crofdy OOS 1 82 1 , Croftau OS1 834, Groftan 1 839TMS, Crofftau OS 1 89 1 , Grofftau 1 974 J.Jones p.99 Gwaith Bronmwyn -(SN 71 4-644)[gwaith + tn. Bronmwyn (34-a)] ; Banau Bron y Mwyn 'mine used to be there' 1 796 Camb. Reg. p. 3 87, Bronmwyn 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 3 8, Lead Mines (disused) OS 1 891 , Caron 1 922 O. T.Jones p. l 3 3, Caron Mine 1 971 G.W.Hall p. 65 Gwndwngwinau -(SN 738-628)[gwndwn + gwinau]; [gundun'gwine S. Jones, gunun'gwme T. Morgan] Gwndwn Gwynne 1 61 8-1 9rent, Gwndwngwmey 1 633/34 Crosswood MSS, Tynydommen als. Gwndwngwyn 1 768rent Crosswood, Gwndwn Gwenau 1 795PR Caron, Gwndwn Gwynne 1 81 8sur map, Gwndwngwinne 1 839TMS, Gwndwn-gwinau OS1 891 , Gwndwn-gwynau OS1 904, Gwyndwngwinau 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.350 Cf. Pwllhwyaid (34-a). Hafodeudos -(SN 774-646)[hafod + ? ]; [hav:Jd'i:d:ls E. & E. Edwards, hav:ld'in:ls (id.) J. Richards] Havodoydos 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Havod Idos 1 78 l sur map, Havod-oidos 1 8 1 8sur map, Hafod Eidos OOS 1 82 1 , Hafodoidos 1 83 9TMS, Hafod-eidos OS 1 834, Hafod Didos 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Hafod-eidos OS 1 891 In ruins [OS1904] ; cf. (c) Cae Hafodidoes (Noyadd land, Cwmteuddwr, Rads.) [1 980 I. Dafydd: 1 16] , is probably named after this place, but for what reason it is hard to tell, possibly an economic link across Mynydd­ mawr, cf. Gwarllwyneudos (14-a). Hafodfraith -(SN 76 1 -634)[hafod + braith] ; [hav:Jd'vraj8 E. & E. Edwards] Havod Vraith 1 577rent f.8, Havod Fraith 1 675 Crosswood MSS, Havod Vraith 1 755 Crosswood MSS, Havod newydd ycha 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Havod newydd ucha 1 781 sur map, Hafod Ffraeth OOS 1 821, Hafo d-fraith OS1 834, Hafod-fraith OS 1 89 1 In ruins [OS1 904]; see Magwyr Hafodfraith (34-a). Hafod-newydd -(SN 756-639)[hafod + newydd]; [hav:ld'newi� E. & E. Edwards, J. Richards] Havod newith 1 577rent f. 8, Havodnewydd 1 673 Crosswood MSS, Havod newidd issa 1 742 Crosswood MSS, Havod newydd issa 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Havod newydd, Havod-newydd issa 1 781 sur map, Hafod newydd OOS 1 821 , Hafod-newydd OS1 834 Two parts of an ancient messuage [ 1673 Crosswood MSS] ; cf. Hafodfraith (34-a). Hafodrhyd -(SN 725-640)[hafod + y + rhyd]; [hav:ld'hri:d E. & E. Edwards] Havod y [ ]id issa 1 577rent f.7, Havod y Rhyd 1 689/90 Crosswood MSS, Hafod-yr-hydd 1 759 Crosswood MSS, Havod y Rhyd, Havod y Rht"d 1 781 sur map, Hafod y Rhyd 1 793PR Crosswood MSS, Hafod y Rhyd 1 803map J. Singer, Hafod y Rhyd OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod-y-rhyd-fach OS1 834, Hafod-rhyd OS1 89 1 , Hafod-y-dwn (sic) 1 979a E.Jones p. 23, Hafod-yr-hydd (sic) 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 29, Hafodrhyd 1 980 Barcud n. 44 Rhawdre -(SN 803-535)[yr + haf + tre:fJ ; [hrawdre J. Jones, havdre D. Jones] 572

(34) PENNARDD Yr Hafdref 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p.99, Hawdre, Hafdre 1 781 sur map, Hawdref 1 785PR Ystradffiur, Hawdre 1 803map J. Singer, Hafdre OOS 1 82 1 , Hafdre OS 1 89 1 , Yr Hawdref 1 904 J.Evans p. 53, Yr Hawdre 1 9 1 2 Cyrnru vol. 1 2 p. 254 Henfynachlog -(SN 7 1 8-646)[hen + mynachlog]; [he:'nax;l�g T. Morgan, e1n,hre·n'ax;bg E. & E. Edwards] Henvanachloc >1246(1 3 3 6) cart. Ystrad:fflur, Henwynaccloc >1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Hen Vanaghlog, Hem Monaghlog 1 577rent £7, The Ould Abbey, Ould Abbey 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, The Old Abbey 1 688 Crosswood MSS, Old Abby 1 760CF, Old Abbey 1 781 sur map, Hen Monach Log 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.258, Hen Monach[ ] 1 820PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Hen Fynachlog OOS 1 82 1 , Hen Fanachlog 1 823PR Llangeitho, Hen Fynachlog OS1 834, Yr Hen Monachlog 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p.230, Old Abbey Farm + Hen Mynachlog, supposed site of monastery OS1 89 1 , Hen Mynachlog 1 91 5 Cyrnru vol.48 p. 1 76, Henachlog 1 93 1 S.M.Powell p. l 0 As its location on the banks of the Fjlur stream indicate and as suggested by the field-names (cl950) Pen ucha Ystrad, (cl 959) Yr Ystrad [1 8391MS), this seems to have been the original location of the monastery of Ystradffiur in 1 164 before the site was removed in 1 20 1 to the present-day Ystradfflur (34-a). Heulfryn -(SN 727-659)[haul + brynt [hejlvrm E. & E. Edwards] Heolfryn OS 1 982, Heulfryn 1 99 1 L. Ebenezer p. 1 1 Himant -(SN 806-580)[hn. Hirnant]; Y Hyrnant 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1955) p. 99, Hirnant 1 673 Crosswood MSS, Hirnant 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS, Hirnant OOS 1 821 The actual location given is a little uncertain, but seems the most obvious site within the large mountain enclosure called Cae Hirnant; note also the site of a sheepfold at SN 804-584. Llwynunig -(SN 738-640)[llwyn + unig] ; [lujn'�n1g T. Morgan] Llwyn Unig 1 829PR Gwnnwys, Llwyn-unig OS1 891 Maes-y-ddeJWen -(SN 73 1 -664)[rnaes + y + derwen]; Maes-y-dderwen OS 1 982 Maeselwad -(SN 708-639)[maes + n Elfed ? ] ; [mas'alwad D. J. Hughes, C. Jones] Maes Elved, Maes Elved issa 1 577rent f l O, Mayes Elbwed ycha 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 05, Maes Eluett, Maselwad isha 1 6 1 8- 1 9rent, Maes Elwad 1 665 Crosswood MSS, Maes Elwad 1 78 1 sur map, Maes Elwad 1 803map J. Singer, Maeselward 1 81 1 PR Ysbyty-Ystwyth, Maes Aelwad OOS 1 821 , Maes-aelwad OS1834, Maselwad 1 839TMS, Maes-alwad OS 1 89 1 , Maes-elwad OS1 904, Maesalwad 1 971 Cardi vol. 8 p. 8 Cf the nearby FJYnnon Elwad 'on a meadow below . . . for curing of sore breasts' [ 1796 Camb.Reg.: 387]. There is mention of an "Elwad vab Cowlwyd a vu escop y Nghaer Gybi pan oed oedran Christ 773 . " [c. l 600 Bon.Saint (TW): 64], however, this Elwad - if indeed there is such a name - seems t o refer to Elfodd (OW. *Elbodgu) who was archbishop of Gwynedd until his death in 809 [s.a.809(954) Ann.Camb.(A): 1 1 ]. The present form of this place-name comes from *-elwad, through *-�lwad (a dulling of the vowel before the cluster [lw ]), the form -alwad could have been falsely re-established, probably through the influence of the common word galwad 'a call'; the earliest forms of all seem to point to Elfed, which was known to be the name of a Brittonic kingdom around Leeds in the seventh century, and also a cornrnote in Carmarthenshire. If Elfed represents a place-name, we might compare it with a name such as Maes Llanwrthwl (Caeo, Canns.), which appears to refer to Llanwrthwl (Brees.). Magwyr Hafodfraith -(SN 782-664)[magwyr + tn. Hafodfraith (34-a) ? ]; Magwyr Hafodyraith, Hafodyraeth 1 839TMS, Sheepfold OS 1 982 This may simply be named after Hafodfraith, which lies in another valley 3 . 5krn sw, though the lack of arouses one's suspicions; the word may be aeth 'fear', in which case the pronunciation would decide; for comparison, the forms Havodrohayt, Havodrohayth 1 334 [1 914 P. Vinogradoff & F. Morgan: 20 1 202], Hafoderhayth 1 322 ( 1 959 M. Richards: 1 8], must be discounted as they stand for Hafod-yr-haidd (Llansannan, Denbs.) [1959 M. Richards: 1 8 ] Melinffiur -(SN 720-643)[melin + hn. Fflur] ; [ velm'fli:r E. & E. Edwards, S. Jones] Tyn y Cwrn 1 78 1 sur map, Felin Fflur (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , i Felin Fflur 1 989 Barcud n. 1 3 9 Moelprysgau -(SN 805-61 1 )[moel + y + prysgau]; [mo:l'pr�ske Rh . Hughes, mol'pr�ske E. Davies, m�l'pr�ske D. Jones, D. Davies] Moel y Prysge 1 5002/z Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Moyley Pryskye als. Pryskye vawr 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 06, Moyle y Prische 1 63 6/37 Crosswood MSS, Dol Priscae 1 803map J. Singer, Boly Pryske, ,

.

573

(34) PENNARDD Moel Prisce 1 8 1 8sur map, Moel Priscae OOS 1 82 1 , Moel-Prysgcae OS 1 834, Mol Prysce 1 83 1PR BlaenpennaL Moel Pryskau 1 839TMS, Moel-Prysgau OS 1 89 1 , Moel Prysgle 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 202, Moel-y-prysgau 1 93 8 CER vol. 7 p.44 In 1 809 [Nanteos fpl. l 82] Moelprysgau is shown with 1 68 acres in Cardiganshire, but over 2,822 acres of sheepwalk in Breconshire, this is the reason that the name Moelprysgau was misleadingly placed by OS maps on the site of Llethrllwyd (SN 81-61, Brees.); cf Prysgau (SH 57-07, Llange1ynnin, Mers.). Nantmaen -(SN 761 -584)[nant + y + maenL [nant'ma:n T. Morgan, D. Jones, nant�'ma:n D. Jones] Nant y Maen 1 760CF, Nantymane 1 827VB Caron, Nant-y-maen OS 1 89 1 The maen was a standing stone at SN 762-583 [1 936 D . c. Rees: 74; 1 972 CER: 7.44]. Nantnouadd- ( SN 803-526)[nant + y + neuadd] ; [nant'n:lja� D. Jones, J. Jones, D. Davies, nant'neja� J. Jones] Nant y Noyadd 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 99, Nant y Nouodd 1 687/88 Crosswood MSS, Nant y Noyadd 1 692/93 Crosswood MSS, Nantynoiedd 1729/30 Crosswood MSS, Nant y Neuodd 178 1 sur map, Nant y Noyadd 1 803map J. Singer, Nant Neuadd OOS 1 821, Nant-neuadd OS1 834, Nant-y-neuadd OS 1 89 1 New Abbey -(SN 727-664)[E. new + abbey]; [niW'abi E . & E. Edwards] New Abbey OS 1 89 1 New Inn -(SN 730-664)[E. new + inn] ; New Inn OS 1 891 Pantcarnau -(SN 77 1 -63 8)[pant + y + carnau]; [pa\)'karne E. & E. Edwards, pant�'karne J. Richards] Pen y Garregg als. Pant y Carne 1 668 Glansevin MSS, Pantycarne cott. 1 83 9TMS, Pantcarne 1 974 J.Jones p.98 Pantfedwen -(SN 755-650)[pant + y + bedwen]; [pant�'vedwen E. & E. Edwards, pant'edwen E. & E. Edwards, T. Morgan, pant'redwen E. Evans, E. & E. Edwards] Croft y Dryssiog 1 577rent £ 5, Pant y Vedwen 1 760CF, Pantyfedwen 1768rent Crosswood, Pantyfedwen als. Cwmglasffrwd als. Dreisog 1 769rent Crosswood, Pant y Fedwen 1 803map J. Singer, Pant-y-fedwen OS 1 834, Pant-y-fedwen OS1 89 1 In 1 839 [TMS] there was a field named (c2069)Bedw Talon 'tall birches' nearby. Pantglas -(SN 765-660)[pant + glas] ; [pau'kla:s E. & E. Edwards] Troedyrhiw ycha 1 742 Crosswood MSS, Troed-y-rhiw ycha 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Troedrhiwycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Troed-y-rhiw-ucha 1 78 1 sur map, Pant-glas OS1 834, Troed y Rhiew 1 839TMS Pantmeini -(SN 71 6-643)[pant + y + meini] ; (cl 9 1 6) Pantymein 1 839TMS, Pantmwyn 1 886 Crosswood Add MSS, Pantymeini 'incorp. in Bronmwyn' 1 886 Crosswood Add MSS, Pantmeini 1 974 J.RJones p. 98 Pantrhedyn -(SN 71 6-640)[pant + y + rhedyn]; [pan'tredm E. & E. Edwards] Pant-y-rhedyn OS 1 834, Pantyrhedin 1 83 9TMS, Pant-rhedyn OS 1 891 Pencefn -(SN 7 1 8-662)[pen + y + cefnL (c) Cae Tynycefn (prox.) 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cefn OS1 891 , Pen-cefn, Sunday School OS 1 904 Pencwm -(SN 734-633)[pen + y + cwm] ; [peu'kum E. & E. Edwards, T. Morgan] Pen y Cwm 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cwm OS1 891 Pengam -(SN 7 1 3-645)[pen + y + earn]; [pen'garn E. & E. Edwards] Pen-y-garn OS1 891, Pen-y-gam + Sunday School OS1 904, Pengarn 1 924-26 CSRLS 58 Penglansgubor -(SN 764-662)[pen + glan + yr + ysgubor] ; Penlan Skybor 1 742 Crosswood MSS, Penlan-Scybor 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Penlan Skybor 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Penylan Scybor 1 768rent Crosswood, Penlan Scubor 1 78 1 sur map Penlan -(SN 757-655)[pen + y + glan]; [pe'lan E. & E. Edwards, pen'lan J. Richards] Pen y Lan 1 577rent £ 1 1 , Pen y Lan 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Penlan 1 78 l sur map, Penlan OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-Ian OS1 891 Penlandopa -(SN 764-663) [pen + y + glan + topa]; Pen y Lan Duppa 1 577rent £ 1 1 , Pen Llan Dappa als. Pen y Lan vach ar y Vron Goch ar Tivi 1 667/68 Crosswood MSS, Penllan Doppa 1 674 Crosswood MSS, Penylan-oppa 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Penlan Doppa 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Penlandopa 1 768rent Crosswood, Penlan Doppa 1 78 1 sur map Penllyn -(SN 789-678)[pen + y + llyn]; [pen'lm W. Owen] Pen-llyn 0Sc. 1 950

574

(34) PENNARDD Penmaengwyn

[penman'gwm

-(SN 754-649)[pen + y + maen + gwyn] ;

E.

&

E. Edwards,

penmau'gwm

J.

Richards] Penmaengwyn 1 974 J.Jones p. 98, Penmaengwyn 1 989 Barcud n. 1 39

Penmaes

-(SN 772-646)[pen + y + maes] ;

[ka:,pen'ma:s

E.

& E.

Edwards]

Pen y Maes 178 lsur map, Sheepfold OS 1 89 1 , Penmaes 1 974 J. Jones p.98

Perthcoed -(SN 767-652)[perth + y + coed] ; [ber9'go:d

J. Richards, T. Morgan,

bar9'go:d E. & E.

Edwards]

Berth Coed 1 725/26 Crosswood MSS, Berthgoed 1 756 Crosswood MSS , Berthgoed 1 78 1 sur map, Berth Goed OOS 1 821 , Berthgoed OS 1 891

Porthllwyd

-(SN c. 720-65 1 )[porth + llwyd] ;

Porth Llwyd 1 803map J. Singer, 5 8,

(c)

(cl951 )

Cae Dan Porth Llwyd 1 839TMS, Porth Lwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS

Cae-Porth-Llwyd 1 93 1 S.M.Powell p. 1 3 , Porth Llwyd 1 974 J. R Jones p. 98, Porth Llwyd 1 99 1

L.Ebenezer p. 40

Pwllhwyaid

-(SN 734-63 1 )[pwll + yr

+ hwyaid]; [pol'hwi:d

T. Morgan]

Gwndwn-gwinau-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Pwllwhyd ? 1 906 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 3 2, Pwllychwiaid ? 1 974 J.R. Jones p. 98 b. bet. 1 839-1 8 9 1 [ 1 8391MS] . Rhiwhalog -(SN 792-523)[rhiw + halog] ;

[hriW'habg Gwl. Jones, J. Jones,

hriW'abg

Gwl. Jones, J. Jones]

Troad Rhywholog 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 99, Rhu Hallog 1 725 Crosswood MSS, Rhiwalog 1 756 Crosswood MS S, Rhiw-Halog 1 759 Crosswood MSS , Rhiwalog 1 760CF, Rhiw Halog 1 78 1 sur map, Rhiw Halog 1 803map J.Singer, Rhiw-halog OS 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-halog 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 3 0 The house named ti'kapten i s nearby [inf.

Gwl. Jones] .

RHOS GELLI-GRON - (SN 73 3 -634)[rhos + tn. Gelli-gron] ;

Rosygelligron 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Rhosgellygron 1 886 Crosswood Add MS S, Glanyrafon 1 975 J. Jones p.98, Rhosgelligron 1 980 Barcud n.44, Rhos Gelli Gron 1 984 CN 2 1 /09/84 p.22

Ty-newydd b. 1 947, then the only inhabited house of Rhos Gelli-gron, Ty-newydd was CER: 8.350 ] ; cf Rhos Gelli-gron (34-b). Comprising: 1 ) Bryndu, 2) Caradog, 3) Castell-ucha, 4) Castellcaradog, 5) Cilbryn, 6) Glannant, 7) Gro-bach, 8) Pencwm, 9) Pwllhwyaid, 1 0) TY-canol, 1 1 ) TY-nant, 1 2) TY-newydd(i), 1 3) Tynrhos. Saint David -(SN 729-663) [E . saint + pn. David] ; (c) Cae bach 'site for church' 1 897 Crosswood Add MSS, St. David's Church O S 1 904, Eglwys Dewi Sant A footbridge for

abandoned in 1 952 [ 1 978

1 974 J. Jones p. 62 b. 1 900 by the vicar of Eglwys Fynachlog (34-a)

Talwm

-(SN 745-649) [talwrn] ;

[talon

T. Morgan,

[ 1 974 J. R. Jones: 62] . talurn J. Richards]

Talarn vauer als. Esger Velen 1 577rent f. 1 3, Ir Esger Velen 1 577rent f. 1 1 , Tallwrn 1 6 1 8- 1 9rent, Talwrn mawr ? 1 63 6/3 7 Crosswood MSS , Tallwrn, Talwrn 1 81 8sur map, Talwrn O S 1 834, Talwrn OS 1 89 1

Tanrallt - ( S N 699-633 )[tan + y r + alit] ; [tan'raH D.

J. Hughes]

Allt-ddu Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Tanyrallt 1 974 J.R. Jones p.98

Teifi Villa -(SN 734-662)[hn.

Teifi + E. villa] ;

Tivy Villa OS 1 89 1 , Dol-teifi O S 1 904

Troedbryn

-(SN 7 1 7-656)[troed + y + bryn] ;

Troedbryn OS 1 982

Troedrhiwdolau

-(SN 733-662)[troed + rhiw + yr + dolau] ;

Troed-rhiw-dolau OS 1 904

Troedrhiw-isa -(SN 762-66 1 )[troed + y + rhiw (+ isaf)];[tro:d'hriW, tr�d'hnw E. & E. Edwards] Troed ir Rhew 1 674 Crosswood MS S, Troed y Rhiwe 1 690rent £ 20, Troedyrhiw issa 1 742

Crosswood

MS S , Troedyrhiw 1 75 9 Crosswood MSS , Troed-y-Rhiw issa 1 763 Crosswood MSS, Troedrhiw issa 1 768rent Crosswood, Troed y Rhiw, Troed-y-rhiw issa 1 7 8 l sur map, Troedyrhyw 1 783PR Ystradffiur, Troed y Rhiw OOS 1 82 1 , Troed y Rheiw issa 1 839TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 See Pantglas (34-a). Ty-canol(i) -(SN 73 3 -632)(Rhos Gelli-gron)[tY + canol] ; [ti:'ken�l E. & E.

Edwards,

ti'kan�l J.

Richards]

Ty-canol OS 1 89 1

Ty-canol(ii)

-(SN (i)780-650)(Cwm-Mouro)[tY + canol] ;

Edwards]

575

[ti'ken�l, ti'ken�l

E.

&

E. Edwards,

ti'kan�l G.

(34) PENNARDD Commoyra icha, Commoura 1 577rent £ 3, Ty canol 1 744 Crosswood MS S , Tycanol als . Cwmiro 1 769rent Crosswood, Ty canol (i),

(i), (c) Cae'r Odwr (ii)

(c)

Cae Dan Ty canol (prox. ),

1 839TMS, Ty-canol (i) OS 1 8 91 , Sheepfold

(c) Cae'r Odin (ii) (i) OS 1 982

1 7 8 l sur map, Ty canol

i) SN 780-650. 1 839; in ruins (OS1 891 ] .

ii) SN 778-648. I n ruins [OS1 891 ] Ty-canol-rhos -(SN 7 1 8-637) [ty + canol + tn.

Rhos

[Gelli-gron] (34-b)] ;

Ty-canol 1 839TMS, Ty-canol-rhos OS 1 89 1

Ty-gwyn

-(SN 7 1 5-665) [1}' + gwyn] ;

Ty Gwynn 1 760CF, Ty Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Ty-gwyn 0S 1 834, Ty-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Ty-mawr -(SN 73 1 -659)[ty + mawr] ; [ti:'mowr E.

& E . Edwards]

Ty mawr 1 78 1 sur map, Ty mawr 1 783PR Ystradfflur

Ty-nant -(SN 733 -637)[tyddyn + y + nant]; Ty yn y Nant 1 768 Crosswood MSS , Tynynant 1 7 8 l sur map, Ty Nant 1 8 03map J. Singer, Ty Nant OOS 1 82 1 , Ty Nant 1 839TMS, Ty-nant OS 1 891

Tyn-y-cefn -(SN 767-663)(tyddyn + y + cefn] ; Tyn y Cefn OS 1 834 Refers to

Tynclawdd

Cefn-y-graig (34-b).

-(SN 7 1 5-63 5) [tyddyn + y + clawdd] ;

Ty Clawdd O S 1 891 , a Thynclawdd ar y Rhos 1 93 4 Canm. Carmel p. 1 3 The

Tyncoed(i)

clawdd was that which divided the open mountainland from the enclosed lowlands. [hg'ko:d E . & E . Edwards]

-(SN 730-654)[tyddyn + y + coed] ;

Tiddin Dan Coid 1 577rent f. 6, Tithen Dan y Coid 1 5 77rent f. 9, Tynycoed 1 768rent Crosswood, Tynycoed 1 83 9TMS, Ty'n-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Tyncoed 1 974 J. Jones p.98

Tyncoed-ucha(ii) -(SN 734-650) [tyddyn + y + coed ( + uchaf)] ; Tynycoed ycha 1793PR Ystradfllur, (clO) Cae Tynycoed

(prox. ) 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-coed 0Sc. l 950,

Tyncoed 1 974 J. Jones p. 98

Tyncwm

-(SN 770-655)[tyddyn + y + cwm] ;

[kum'di:, tm'kmn

E. & E. Edwards, J. Richards,

tro'kum

G.

Edwards] Ty yn y Cwrn Dy 1 723/24 Crosswood MSS , Ty yn y Cwm Dwy 1 745 Crosswood MSS , Ty yn y Cwrn Du 1 768 Crosswood MSS , Tyynycwmdft 1 768rent Crosswood, Dolau Gleisan 1 803map J. Singer, Ty yn y Cwm 1 8 1 0PR Ystradfllur, Tyn y Cwrn OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn-y-cwm OS 1 834, Tyn y Cwmdu 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-cwrn OS 1 89 1

Ty-newydd(i)

-(SN 732-63 l )(Rhos Gelli-gron)[tY + newydd];

[ti:'newd�

E . & E . Edwards]

Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 1 974 J. R Jones p . 98

Ty-newydd Alltddu(ii)

-(SN 705-637) [ty + newydd + tn. Alltddu

(34-a)]; [ti·'newi� D.

J. Hughes]

Ty-newydd 1 83 9TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 , Tynewydd Alltddu 1 974 J. R Jones p . 99

Tynffos -(SN 754-645)[tyddyn + y + ffos]; [ti'fo:s, (c) ka,ti'fo:s J. Richards] (c) Cae Tynffos 1 839TMS Tyngarreg -(SN 760-642) [tyddyn + y + carreg] ; [bg'gareg E. & E. Edwards, ti,peg'gareg

J. Richards]

Tiddin y Garreg 1 577rent f. 7, Tythin Pen y Garreg ? 1 63 5 Crosswood MSS , Tythin y Garreg, Ty'n y Gareg 1 78 lsur map, Tynygarreg 1 768rent Crosswood, Tyn y Garreg 1 803map J. S inger, Tyn y Garreg OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn y Garreg OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-gareg OS 1 89 1 , Tyngarreg 1 974 J. Jones p. 99, Pengarreg 1 989 Barcud n. 1 3 9

Tynllidiard-(SN 7 1 8-643) [tyddyn + y + llidiard] ; [tm'bdjart, heniiS E.

& E. Edwards]

Ty-n Llidiart 1 839TMS, Henllys OS 1 982 The

Tynllyn

llidiard was the gate that breached the clawdd-mynydd. + y + llyn] ; [kartus D. Jones]

-(SN 693 - 628)[tyddyn

Melin y Llynne ? 1 682/83 Crosswood MS S, Tynllyn 1 794PR Caron, Tynllyn 1 925 Cymru vol.68 p. l43 , Ty'n-y-llyn OS 1 891 According to a 1 794 survey of Caron Is-clawdd,

Tynllyn

was put in the parse! of Treflyn, this no doubt

reflected that some of Tynllyn's lands were in Caron Is-clawdd.

Tyn-y-rhos

-(SN 733-63 3 )[tyddyn + y + rhos] ;

Tynyrhos 1 83 9TMS

576

(34) PENNARDD Tywi-fechan -(SN 791 -612)[hn. Tywi-fechan] ; [towi E. & E. Edwards, t�wi'vezan D. Jones, towi'vezan D. Davies] Blain Tvyvechan 1 668/69 Glansevin MSS, Towy vechan 1 776 Bronygraig MSS, Towy fechan 1 804PR Ystradfflur, Towy fychan OOS1 82 1 , Towy-fechan OS1 834, Towy-fechan OS 1 891 Wemfelen -(SN 722-648)(y + gwem + melen]; [warn'velen E. & E. Edwards, wer'velen D. Jones] Wem Velen 1 577rent map £ 1 5, Tythyn y Wern Velen 1 663 Crosswood MSS, Wernvelen 1756 Hendrefelen MSS, Wernfelen 1 760CF, Gwern Felin OOS 1 82 1 , Gwern-felen OS 1 834, Wern-felen OS1 89 1 Weunwen -(SN 739-65 1 )(y + gwaun + gwen] ; [wenwen E. & E . Edwards] Wayn Wen 1 63 6/37 Crosswood MSS, Beast House, (c) Wain Wen 1 765 Nanteos fpl.232, Waun Wen OS 1834, Waen-wen OS 1 891 The 1765 source implies that Weunwen was a cowhouse to Fynachlog-fawr als. Ystrad.fflur (34-a) Ysgolfynachlog -(746-657)[ysgol + tn. Fynachlog[-fawr] (34-a)] ; [ask�l'nazl�g J. Richards] Strata Florida C. 1 945 WLS, Ysgol y Nachlog 1 987 Barcud n. 1 1 9, Ysgol Nachlog 1 989 Barcud n. 1 40 Closed bet. 1 949-61 [ 1949 WLS; 1 961 WLS] . Ystradffiur -(SN 746-657)[ystrad + hn. Fflur]; [nazl�g E. & E. Edwards, J. Richards, rabi E. Edwards] Stradflur, 1 1 8 1-82(1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Stratflur 1 1 84(1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Stratflur c. 1 1 91 Gir.IK p. l l 9, Estratflur c. l 1 9 1 Gir.IK p. 1 0, Statflur 1 200 Rotuli Chart. p.44, Strata Florida 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.276, Strata Florida c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B) p. 8 1 , apud Stratam Floridam c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B) p. 82, Stratflour 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxiii, Stratflur c. l 336 in 1 975 W.Rees p. 1 05, Strata Florida 1 33 9 in 1 889 S. W. Williams li� Ystrat Flur 1 30()4/4 BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 46, [ ] rat Flo[ ] c. 1 3 60map Gough, Ystrad Fflur c. 1 475 BS p.226, Ystryd Fflur c. 1 475 BS p.240, Streta Florida 1 53 5 VE p. 396, Strateflure, Strateflere 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 1 8, Stratflur 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 23, Stratleer Church 1 544 in 1 937 E.A.Lewis p. 1 79, Istrad Flere 1 557 in >1761 E.Yardley p. 396, Ystratlire 1 572 Crosswood MSS, Istradfleer, Istradflere 1 578map C. Saxton, Ystratlere 1 584 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ystrataflorida 1 584 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Stratller 1 586 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Stratllyr 1 601 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ystrad Fflyr 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.456, Ystradfflyr 1 602 G.Owen vo1.4 p.462, Estrade Cleres 1 609/1 0 Aberglasney MS 68, Mynachlog Ystrad Flur c. 1 590 in 1 988 C.Fychan p.298, Y Mynachlog Ystradfflur c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 79, o Stradfllur c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 242, Ystrad F'hlur c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. l 3 8, Strata Florde 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 04, Strata Fflorida 1 693 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ystradflyr c. 1 693 in RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p. 739, (chp) Strata Florida 1 721 E. Saunders pp. l34-37, Ystraed Flur 1760map E.Bowen, Ystraed Flwr 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Scite of the Abby of Strata Florida 1 768rent Crosswood, Strata Florida 'commonly called' Monachlog 1 796 Camb.Reg. p. 387, Ystrad Fleer 'abby in ruins' 1 803map J. Singer, Strata Florida als. Ystrad Fh1r 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Strata Florida, Mynachlog Ystrad-Fflur 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 1 255, Monachlog Ystrad Flur 1 862 G.Borrow p.244, Strata Florida, St. Mary's Abbey (Cistercian) (remains of) OS 1 89 1 , The Abbey Church 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 6, Strata Florida, St. Mary's Abbey (Cistercian) (remains of) OS1 904, Mynachlog Ystrad Fflur 1 9 1 6 Cymru vol. SO p. 3 8, a'r Fynachlog fawr 1 926 D.M.Jones p.41, Mynachlog fawr als. Strata Florida 1 936 H. Owen vol.4 p.435, Ystrad-fflur 1 957 E.Davies p. 1 1 8, Y Fynachlog 1 989 Barcud n. 1 26, i'r Fynachlog 1 991 L.Ebenezer p.29 The monastery of Ystradfflur was first established on the site of Henfynachlog (34-a) in 1 1 64 but was subsequently removed to its present site in 1 20 1 [ 1 974 c. A R. Radford: 20] . The abbey was not fmished until c. 1 200 [ 1 950 T. J. Pierce: 25] . There are two areas behind the present cemetery: 1) Yr Hen Funwent (SN 747-657) [ 1 765 Nanteos .tpl.302], "The Old Church-yard as it is called, is a very large plot of land, surrounded with a stone wall, . . . " [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 256], Yr Hen-:fynwent lies behind the monastery [ 1 937 CAST: 1 2.30]; and 2) Y Funwentfawr (SN 747-656) [ 1 765 Nanteos fpl.302], also called (c) ka,m�nwent't)rejn [inf. J. Richards] . There was a spring behind Y Fynwent-fawr called f�n�n�.m�n'ax�d [inf. J. Richards] . There was talk of the Porth, at side of Abbey Gate house [ 1 937 CAST: 1 2.30] ; see Fynachlog-fawr (34-a). geonyms Aberbrwyno -(SN 836-654)[aber + hn. Brwyno ] ; Aber Brwynog OOS 1 82 1 , Aber Brwynog OS 1 834, Aber Brwynog OS 1 891 Dywedir fod ty yn sefyll yn yr hen amseroedd ar derfyn eithaf Caron Uwch Clawdd, yn y fan y cyferfydd tair sir a'u gilydd. . . y ty hyn ag ystafell yn y tair sir, gwnelai hyn hi'n anodd i gwnstabliaid ddala drwg577

(34) PENNARDD weithredwyr [ 1 91 2 Cymru: 42.201 ] ; This story sounds apocryphal, as if there were three rooms in three counties, the house must have spanned at least two rivers. It is therefore unlikely that this story is reliable. No house evidenced [ OOS1 81 9t see 1 988 C. Fychan p.298. Abergerwyn -(SN 803 -570) [aber + y + cerwyn] ; Abergerwn OS 1 834 Rallt -(SN 77 1-662)[yr + allt] ; [krajg ,tr�d'hnw J. Richards, alt,tr�d'hriW, ralt J. Richards] in£ Alltserth -(SN 782-549)[allt + serth]; [bagk1ere J. Jones] Allt Serth OS1 904 I have also heard the realisationJere in use as a common adjective in the area [inf. Gwl. Jones, Bronhelm] . Alltfran -(SN 784-538)[allt + y + bran] ; [alt�'vra:n Gwl. Jones, alt'vra:n J. Jones] Allt y Fran 0Sc. l 950, Nant Allt'Fran (prox.) 1 979a E. Jones p. 128 No woods here within living memory [inf. GwL Jones ] , so that alit may have the older meaning of escarpment. Bane Blaenegnant -(SN 789-663)[banc + tn. Blaenegnant (34-a)] ; Bane Blaen-egnant OS1 891 Banc-Cuhelyn -(SN 768-580)[banc + hn. [Nant]cuhelyn]; [bagkti'hehg D. Jones, bagkti'helm J. Jones] in£ Must be a derived name from hn. Nantcuhelyn, as the word bane and the personal-name Cuhelyn were not productive in the same periods. An attempt to make sense of the old name as ry helyg is belied by the last pronunciation. Banc-y-fagwyr -(SN 762-643)[banc + y + magwyr] ; Bank y Fagwir 1781 sur map Bancgwyn -(SN 783-544)[banc + gwyn] ; [ba1Jk'wm J. Jones] Bane Gwyn 1 839TMS, Bane Gwyn O S 1 904 Cf Nantgwyn(ii) (e). Banc-y-Uyn -(SN 805-653)[banc + y + llyn]; Bane y Llyn OS 1 891 Banc-y-maen-hir -(SN 767-645)[banc + y + maen-hir] ; Bank y Maen Hir 1 78 1 sur map This refers to the same stone as Cefn-y-1/ech (34-b). Bancpicton -(SN 773-667)[banc + E.sn. Picton]; Bane Picton OS 1 89 1 The E.sn. Picton is a Pembrokeshire surname [ 1 996 J . & s . Rowlands: 1 40] , found in Melinpicton (Llanychlwydog, Pembs.), attested in the sixteenth century [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 99) . I have no idea how it came to be applied to such an unimportant feature in the mountains of Cardiganshire. J. & S. Rowlands [ 1 996: 140] note that a famous Sir Thomas Picton ( 1 758-1 8 1 5) was killed in action at Waterloo, there was an unlocated cottage named Picton Castle near Cwmllechwedd-isa (54-a) [ 19481ist R. Jones] . Banc-ucha -(SN 712-640)[banc + uchafJ ; Bank ucha 1 839TMS Blaendwr -(SN 760-61 5)[blaen + y + d\Vr] ; [bla:n'du:r J. Richards] Blaendwr 1 988 Barcud n. 1 26 A piece of bogland where there were deep pools (pyllau diwaelod) [ 1988 Barcud: 126 ] . Blaenhimant -(SN 778-597)[blaen + hn. Hirnant] ; [bla:n'h1rnant D. Jones] Blaen Hirnant 1 839TMS Blaenmouro -(SN 791 -638)[blaen + hn. Mouro]; Blaen Moyva 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 3 1 , Blaen Mwyro OS 1 834, Blaen Mwyro OS 1 891 See Blaenmouro (34-a). Blaentywi -(SN 789-622)[blaen + hn. Tywi] ; Blaen Towy 1 809 Nanteos fpls. , Blaen Towy O S 1 834 The 1 809 location is on that of Cors Tywi. Bola'ralltgoch -(SN 740-655)[bola + yr + alit + coch]; Bola'r Allt-goch OS 1 891 Bryn-bach -(SN 730-626) [bryn + bach]; 578

(34) PENNARDD Pen y Bryn bychan 1 665 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bryn-bach OS 1 834, Bryn bach OS 1 89 1 , Bryngwyn bach OS 1 904 Bryn Blaenglasffrwd -(SN 769-635)[bryn + tn. Blaenglasffiwd (34-a)t [brmblan'glasfrud J. Richards] in£ Bryn Cae-Blaenegnant -(SN 797-662)[bryn + tn. Cae-Blaenegnant]; Bryn Cae-Blaen-Egnant OS1 834, Bryn Cae-Blaen-Egnant OS 1 89 1 , Bryn Cae-Blaen-Egnant OS 1 904 The cae mentioned here was the enclosure surrounding Blaenegnant (34-a), itself surrounded by wild mountain land. Such an enclosure - whether cultivated or not - was considered distinct from the mountain (W. mynydd), and was a feature of all mountain dwellings, cf Hirnant (34-a). Bryncosyn -(SN 743-597)[bryn + cosyn] ; [brm'k:lsm D. Jones, S. Jones] Bryncawsyn 1 839TMS, Bryn Cosyn OS 1 904 Bryneithin -(SN 795-666)[bryn + yr + eithin] ; Bryn Eithin 1 83 9TMS, Bryn Llyn-Egnant OS 1 891 Bryneithinog -(SN 784-665)[bryn + eithinog] ; Bryn Eithinog OS 1 89 1 Bryn Grofftau -(SN 747-634)[bryn + tn. Gro:fftau (34-a)] ; [brm'gr:lfte J. Richards] Bryn-y-Croftau OS1 834, (c2061) Bryn 1 839TMS, Bryn y Croffi:au OS1 89 1 Bryniau-pica -(SN 803-664)[bryniau + pica]; Bryniau Picca OS 1 89 1 , Bryniau Bica OS1 891 , Bryniau Pica 0Sc. 1 950 Bryn-mawr(i) -(SN 790-535)(Bronhelm)[bryn + mawr]; [brm'mowr J. Jones, penbrm'mowr Gwl Jones] Bryn mawr OS 1 904 Bryn-mawr(ii) -(SN 791 -568)(Nantgerwyn)[bryn + mawr]; Esgair Nant y Cwm Du 1 839TMS, Bryn mawr OS 1 89 1 , Esgair Nant-cwm-du OS 1 904, Bryn mawr + Esgair Nant-cwm-du OS 1 982 Brynrhudd -(SN 779-606)[bryn + rhudd]; [brm'hri:� D. Jones] in£ Bryntrapau -(SN 8 1 5-658)[bryn + trapiau]; [brm'ej�va G. Edwards] (c2207) Bryneidfa 1 839TMS, Bryn Trappau O S 1 891 The term ej3va or nej�va is obscure (cf Llawrcwm-mawr, 73-b) ; cf ti'nej�va (SN 85-57, unloc., at the head of the Gwesyn river, Brees.) [inf. E. Davies] . The meaning neidfa jump place', referring to a fall of water according to G. A. Fychan (2001 : 492] is impossible if it contains medial [-�-1Brynydfa -(SN 799-675)[bryn + y + ? ] ; [brm'�dva J. Richards] Bryn Idfa OS1 834, Bryn Rhiwidau (sic loc.) OS1 891, Bryn Rhywidau 1 924-26 CSRLS 58 This was explained as rhedfa (pl. rhedfeydd) an 'eroded bank (under which sheep habitually shelter)' [inf. J. Richards], and it is possible that the initial was understood as the definite article, which often elides in place-names, pre-cluster weakening could account for [�] rather than [e] It could also feasibly be a development from *Bryngnydfa, cf Cefnydfa (Llangynwyd, Glams.) from Cefn-y-gnydfa [ 1 997 Gw. 0. Pierce et al. : 21 ] ; see Penllannerch (34-b). Bwlch-yr-allt -(SN c.797-548)[bwlch + yr + alit]; [bulx�·raH J. Jones] in£ Bwlch Esgairgelli -(SN 781 -576)[bwlch + tn. Esgairgelli (34-b)]; Bwlch Esgair Gelli OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch Esgair-gelli OS 1 834, Bwlch Esgair-gelli OS1 891 Bwlch-y-fim -(SN 765-645) [bwlch + y + ffrn] ; Bwlch y Fftn 1781sur map Bwlch-yr-hendre -(SN 806-664)[bwlch + yr + hendre]; Bwlch yr Hendre OS 1 891 Bwlch Rhyd-y-meirch -(SN 776-627)[bwlch + tn. Rhyd-y-meirch]; Bwlch Rhyd y Meirch 1 798PR Ystradfflur, Bwlch Rhyd y Meirch OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch Rhyd y Meirch OS 1 834, Bwlch-rhyd-y-meirch OS 1 89 1 Camceilog -(SN 806-5 1 3[cam + y + ceiliog] ; [kam'kejbg Gwl Jones] Cam Ceiliog OS 1 904 Old saying 'Cwm fel cam ceiliog' for a narrow valley [ 1 976 Llais Aeron: 1]. The river Tywi here went out of sight [inf. Gwl. Jones] . Cam Lywys Du -(SN 804-574)[cam + pn. Lywys Du]; .

579

(34) PENNARDD Pwll Lewsyn Ddu

> 1 928 WFM 1 793/63 p . 8, Cam Lewys Du 1 988 C. Fychan p. 296 A place on the river Tywi where a man was drowned whilst trying to jump the 1 793/63 : 8; 1 988 c. Fychan: 296] (D. Jones(ii) pronounced the man's name as lowiS ). Camffiur -(SN 746-623)[cam + hn. Fflur] ; [garn'fli:r D. Jones, S. Jones]

river [> 1 928

WFM MS

Cam Fflur OOS 1 82 1 , Cam Fflur O S 1 834, Cam Fflur OS 1 891

Castell -(SN 772-650) [ castell] ; Cc2192) Castell, Cc2196) Cae Dan Castell 1 83 9TMS A hillock, not known to have any fortifications; see Dinas (34-a). Cefnbrwyno -(SN 820-656)[cefn + hn. Brwyno] ; [brujn:1 G. Edwards] Brwyno 'a noted sheepwalk' 1 765 in 1 8 1 1 E .Richard p.32, Cefn

Brwynog OS 1 834,

(c2207)

Brwyno

1 83 9TMS, Cefn Brwynog OS 1 891 Though originally the name of the river,

Brwyno is

- locally - exclusively used for the area of

Cefubrwyno, and this usage is as old as the eighteenth century. To compensate the river is now called

Afon Tairallt, after a place of note along its course; see Tairallt (34-b) . Cefncerryg -(SN 767-583)[cefn + cerrig] ; [keven'keng D. Jones] Cefn-cerrig OS 1 834, Cefn Cerig O S 1 891

Cefn-y-graig -(SN

772-66 5)[ cefn + y + craig] ;

Craig y Fron-goch OS 1 834, Cefn y Graig, Graig fawr 1839TMS, Craig y Fron-goch O S 1 891 Cf Rallt (34-b). Cefn-isa -(SN 797-562)[cefn + isafj ; [keven'i.fa

Gwl. Jones,

ke·ven,d :ll'go:x D.

Jones]

Ceven Dolgoch 1 78 l sur map, Cefn isaf OS 1 834, Cefn Dolgoch 1 839TMS, Cefn isaf 0S 1 89 1 , Cefn isaf 08 1 904 The

Cefn-y-llech

isa is in contrast to Bryn-mawr(ii) (34-b) behind it. -(SN 767-643) [ cefn + y + llech]; [bank,ber9'go:d

J. Richards]

Cefn y Llech 1 78 1 sur map This refers to the same stone as Banc-y-maenhir (34-b).

Cefn Llyn-fach

-(SN 789-670)[cefn +

tn.

Llyn-fach (34-b)] ;

Cefn Llyn-tach OS 1 89 1 , Cefn Llyn-bach O S 1 904

Cefn-ucha

-(SN 800-5 1 6)[cefn + uchafj ;

Ceven ucha 1 78 1 sur map, Cefn ucha 1 83 9TMS The ucha is due to the fact that it is the highest part of the lands of Gniach (34-a). Cerryg Ifan Beinon -(SN 797- 5 1 5)[cerrig + pn. Ifan Beinon] ; [krajg ,nant'neja� J. Jones] Cerrig Evan Beynon 1 78 1 sur map

Cerryg Maescawnau

-(SN 769-5 87) [cerrig + tn. Maescawnau];

[keng �'skawne, karegmas'kawne

D. Jones]

Cerig Maes-y-cawnau OS 1 904 Cf Maes-y-gawnen (prox. Pende:ryn, Glarus.). Clwt-y-mryson -(SN 762-652)[clwt + ymryson] ; Clwt Ymrysson 1 78 1 sur map In dispute between Penlan and Perthcoed (34-a) [ 1 781sur map] ; now part century date in 178lsur map] . Cnwch -(SN 773-5 88) [cnwch] ; [knu:x D. Jones, Gwl. Jones, iknu:z S. Jones]

of Penlan

[anon. note of twentieth­

Cefn-Cnwc 08 1 834, Cefn-Cnwc O S 1 8 9 1 , Cefn y Cnwc OS 1 904

Cnwchblewog -(SN 796-522)[cnwch + blewog] ; Cnwch Blewog 1 78 1 sur map, Cnwch Blewog 1 83 9TMS, Cnwch Rhiw-Halog OS 1 904, Esger Rhiwhalog 1 979a E. Jones p. 129

Cnwchcoch -(SN 761 -647)[cnwch + coch] ; [bauk�'knu:x

J. Richards]

Cnwch Coch 1 78 1 sur map

Cnycau-duon in£

-(SN 78 1 -583)[cnyciau + duon] ;

More holes than hillocks

CorscWn. -(SN in£

[bla:n,kn�ke'di:ln D.

(cnycau) [inf J. Jones] . [g:1rs'ku:n S.

c. 75-60)[cors + y + cv.m] ;

Jones,

kn1ke'dbn, khke'di;,n

J. Jones]

Jones]

Named so because dogs would not come out from here

Jones] . 580

if they happened to venture onto the bog [inf. s.

(34) PENNARDD Cors Dolboudyau -(SN 71 1 -665)[cors + tn. Dolboudyau (34-a)]� Gors Dol-bydie OS1891, Gors Dol-beudi:au OS 1 904, Gors Dol-beudiau 0Sc. 1 950 Cors-y-gaer -(SN 720-660)[ cors + y + caert Cors y Gar 1781 sur map Refers to Gaer (34-b). Corsgeifr -(SN 769-664)[cors + y + geifr]; Gors Geifr OS 1 891 Cors-yr-hesg -(SN 779-666)[cors + yr + hesg] � [k:>rs;}'hresk J. Richards] yng Nghors yr Hesg 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p.201 Cors Pyllau-duon -(SN 772-663)[cors + tn. Pyllau-duon]; [g:>rs,p�'dbn, k:>rs ,p�'di:>n J. Richards] Gors y Pwllau-duon OS 1 89 1 , Gors Pyllau-Duon OS 1 904 Cf Craig Pyllau-duon (34-b). Cors Ty-gwyn -(SN 71 2-667)[cors + tn. Ty-gwyn (34-a)]; Gors Ty-gwyn OS 1 89 1 Corstywi -(SN 803-629)[cors + hn. Tywi] ; [g:>rs't;}wi E . Davies, g�rs'towi G. Edwards] Blean Tywi 1 8 1 8sur map, Cors Towy OS 1 834, yng Nghors Tywi 1938 RJ. Thomas p. 172 Craig-y-diffurys -(SN 758-651)[craig + y + diffwys ]; [krajg'pen'lan E. & E. Edwards] Graig y Diffws 1 807 Nanteos fpl. 1 87 Craig DOlgoch -(SN 803-562)[craig + tn. Dolgoch (34-a)] ; [grajg ,d:>l'go:x Gwl. Jones] Yr Alit 1 839TMS, Craig Dol-goch OS 1 891 , Craig Ddol-goch OS1 904 Craig Rhawdre -(SN 803-541 )[craig + tn. Rhawdre (34-a)] ; [krajg 'hrawdre D. Jones, krajg;}'hravdre Gwl. Jones] Craig Hafdre OS 1 891 , Craig yr Hafdre OS1 904 Craig Pyllau-duon -(SN 775-664)[ craig + tn. Pyllau-duon ]� [krajg;},p;}le'di:>n J. Richards] Craig y Pwllau Duon OS 189 1 , Craig y Pyllau-duon OS 1 904 Cf Cors Pyllau-duon (34-b). Craig Tyngarreg -(SN 760-644) [craig + tn. Tyngarreg (34-a)); Graig 1 8391MS, Graig Ty'n-y-gareg OS 1 891 Cf Bwlchgraig (34-a). Creigau-coed -(SN 795-673)[creigiau + yr + coed] � [krejge'ko:d G. Edwards] Crigau'r Coed 1 839TMS, Creigiau Coed OS 1 89 1 , Creigiau'r Coed 1 924-26 CSRLS 58 Crugcynon -(SN 801 -637)[crug + pn. Cynon]; [kri:g ,g areg 'lujd E. Davies, G. Edwards, kri:g G. Edwards] Crug Gynon OOS 1 821 , Crug Gynon 1 83 9TMS, Crug Gynon OS 1 891 Cwmteifi -(SN 772-670)[cwrn + hn. Teifi] � [kum'tejvi W. Owen] Nant Teifi ? 1 81 3 G.Nicholson p. 572, Cwrn Teifi OS 1 891 Ddisgwylfa -(SN 778-665)[y + disgwylfa] � Disgwylfa OS 1 834, Disgwylfa OS 1 89 1 Dibyndu -(SN 79 1 -655)[dibyn + du]; [dibm'di: E . & E . Edwards, dibin'di: J. Richards] Dibyn Du OOS 1 82 1 , Dibyn-du OS 1 834, Dibyn Du 0Sc. 1 950 Dol Cruclas -(SN 704-656)[dol + tn. Cruclas (56-a)] � Dole Cruglas 1 839TMS, (c) Dole Cricklas 1 863 Crosswood Add MSS Dol Glanteifi -(SN 707-66 1 )[dol + glan + hn. Teifi] � 'common land called' Dole Glan Teivy 1 678 Crosswood MSS, Dole Glan Tivy 1 765 Nanteos fpl.n 302, Dole-glan Tivy 1 8 1 8sur map, Dole Glan Tivy 1 839TMS, Dol-Glan-Teifi OS1 891 Cf (c) do:I.Ian'tejvi (SN 663-574, Abercarfan, 32-a) [inf J. Williams] . Dyrysdu -(SN 806-5 1 0)[dyrys + du]� Coed-y-dyrus 1 8 1 1 Cambrian 27/04/1 1 , Dyrys Du OS 1 89 1 Esgairambor -(SN 758-592)[esgair + ambor]� [esker'amb:>r D. Jones, sker'amb:>r S. Jones] Esgair yr Arnbor OS 1 834, Esgair yr Arnbor (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Esgair Arnbor (sic loc. ) OS 1 904, Esger Arnbor 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 8 The subsequent rnislocation of Esgairambor seems t o have arisen from the over-wide extension o f its name in 081 834, to overlap on Esgairddu (34-b). Esgairberfedd -(SN 750-596)[esgair + perfedd] ; [esker'berve1928 WFM MS 1 793 p. 1 Gaer -(SN c. 722-663)[y + caer] ; Cair Glan Tivy ? 1 768rent Crosswood, Y Gaer OOS 1 82 1 , Y Gaer OS 1 834, Gaer (SN 71 5-66 1 ) OS 1 891 The site of the fortifications are not well assured; J. L. Davies & A. H. A Hogg [1 994: 269] talk of Y Gaer - from tithe schedule - at SN 722-666, adjacent to Cefngaer-ucha (34-a), with "faint traces of an enclosure" ; the position given by OS 1 891 does not seem a tenable defensive position; the best site is the one shown by the earliest OS map - without much detail - which straddles the crest of the hill, and is even nearer those places named after it, viz. Cefngaer, Castell, Cors-y-gaer. Gamallt -(SN 778-566) [y + cam + allt]; [gamalt D. Jones, Gwl Jones, a'gamaH Gwl. Jones, keven 'gamaH J. Jones] 'Gamallt O S1 834, Gamallt OS 1 89 1 Gamgron -(SN 73 9-61 0)[y + earn + cron] ; [garn'gr;)n S . Jones] Egarn vechan, Egam vaur, Egarnvrall ? 1 279 in 1 940 J.C.Davies p.3 01 , a Phen y Gam 1 665 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Cam Gron OOS 1 8 1 9, Carn Gron OS 1 834, Carn Gron OS1 891 , Gam Gron 1 904 Y Glas -(SN 729-664)[y + glas] ; [ma-r'gla:s E. & E. Edwards] in£ Glog -(SN 800-509)[y + clog] ; Y Glog 1 78 l sur map, Y Glog 1 839TMS Graigddu -(SN 75 1 -657)[y + craig + du] ; [grajg'()i: J. Richards] Y Lan 1 765 Nanteos fpl.302 Graigfelen -(SN 786-674)[y + craig + melen] ; Graig Felen OS1 891 Graig-ganol -(SN 801 -547)[y + craig + canol] ; Craig ganol OS 1 891 Graigwen -(SN 789-666)[y + craig + gwen]; Graig Wen OS 1 891 Greigenddu -(SN 776-654)[y + creigen + du] ; [grigen'�i: J. Richards] Craigen Ddu OS1 891 Grigwyn -(SN 747-620)[ ? ]; [gngwm D. Jones, kngwm, gragwm S. Jones] Ffynnon Crugwyn (prox. ) 1 924-26 CSRLS 9 It is difficult to be sure what the first element of this name could be, it is almost certainly not crug, which never shows anomalous initial lenition, and would be expected to provect gwyn, cf Crucwyn (5-a). It is likelier to be craig - cf Greigddu (32-a), Greigwen (54-a) - though it is the feminine form gwen, and not the masculine form of gwyn which should not follow craig. Could it be grug + gwyn? We might rather expect grug + gwynion. Gwaun Rhawdre -(SN 803-547) [gwaun + tn. Rhawdre (34-a)] ; (c23 1 3) Gwaun yr Hafdre 1 83 9TMS Gwndwn-mawr -(SN 797-532) [gwndwn + mawr] ; [b auk g wajr J. Jones] Gwndwn mawr 1 839TMS Hawdre -(SN 802-648)[haf + trefj; [hawdre G. Edwards] in£ Lan-fawr -(SN 781-654)[y + glan + mawr] ; Lan fawr OS 1 891 Lanlas -(SN 790-676)[y + glan + glas] ; Lan Las OS 1891, Lan Las OS 1 904 Lanlas-bica -(SN 793-676)[y + glan + glas (+ pica)]; Lan Las-bica OS1 89 1 , Lan Las-bicca OS 1 904, Lanlas Bica 1 924--26 CSRLS 58 Llethr -(SN 765-64 l )[llethr] ; Llether 1 7 8 1 sur map, Llethir issa + ucha 1 83 9TMS Llethrbrith(i) -(SN 758-614)[llethr + brith] ; [k8er bri : e D. Jones] Llethr Brith OS 1 834, Llethr Brith OS 1 89 1 Llethrbrith(ii) -(SN 772-595)[11ethr + brith] ; [k9er'bri:e D. Jones, leeer'bri:e J. Jones] in£ Llethrgwaered -(SN 786-639)[llethr + y + gwaered]; [leeer'gwared D. Jones] '

'

583

(34) PENNARDD (c2245) Graig Wen 1 839TMS Perthcoed (34-a) owned it [ 1 839TMS] . Llethrmeinog -(SN 80 1 -528)[llethr + meiniog] ; [ieOer'mejn;lg J. Jones] Pant y Scubor, Bryn Coch 1 78 1 sur map Llynddu -(SN 779-6 12)[11yn + du]; [i�n' 1 777 in 1 8 1 1 E. Richard p.46, Llyn Teifi 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Teivy als. Teivy Pool 'group of five lakes' 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 30, Llyn Teify 008 1 82 1 , Llyn Teifi 08 1 834, Llyn Tivy 1 839TMS, Llyn Teifi 081 891, 'Lake Country Sir Aberteifi yw Llyn Teifi' 1 90 1 Cymru vol. 21 p.274, o Lyn Teifi 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 1 98, at Lyn Teifi, am Lynnoedd Teifi 1 988 Barcud n. 1 25, Teifi Pools (coll.) inf. Dammed c. 1 960, which added some 1 Oft of depth to the lake [inf. W. Owen] . The other lakes near Llynde{fi are Llynegnant, Llyn-fach, Llyngorlan, Llynhir. Llynegnant -(SN 792-672)[llyn + hn. Egnant] ; [im'egnant E. & E. Edwards, W. Owen] Llinn Helignant, 'shorter' Lignante 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 20, Llin Helignant 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 2 1 , Llyn Legnant 1 578map C. Saxton, Llyn Egnant 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Egnant 008 1 821 , Llyn Egnant 08 1 834, Llyn Egnant OS 1 89 1 Llyn-fach -(SN 788-668)[llyn + bach]; [im'va:x W . Owen] Llinngronn 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 20, Llyn Gron 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn-gron 08 1 834, Llyn Crwn 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 68, Llynfach 1 839TMS, Llyn fiich OS 1 891 , Llyn bach OS 1 904 Llyngorast -(SN 791 -630)[llyn + y + gorest] ; [im'g;lrast E. & E. Edwards, ian'g;lrast D. Jones, J. Richards] Linnygorres 1 539 J.Leland p. l 3 1 , Llyn Gorast 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Gorast 008 1 82 1 , Llyn-gorast 08 1 834, Llyn-gorast OS 1 89 1 The earliest form o f this name leads u s to think the original word was corres 'dwarfess' but the term gores(t) 'wasteland' [ GPC s.v. gorest] seems more appropriate, and such is the interpretation favoured by B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 274] . The same term is found in Llwyngoras (Matluy; Newport, Pembs.), and Coed-y-goras (prox. Cardiff, Glams.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 141, 274] . Llwyngoras (Newport) was noted Lloyngorres 1444 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 141 ] , and Coed-y-goras was Koed y Gorres 1 707 [E. Lhuyd: subscription list] . The development of gores(t) to goras(t) is irregular in south-western Welsh, but is incontrovertibly attested in both Llyngorast and Llwyngoras, as early as 1 669 in the case of Llwyngoras [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 4 1 ] . The accretion of an epithetic can be easily explained, and is in fact attested for the word gores(t); [o] would be expected if the word was gorest, but [;)] if it was corres; the present form with gorast is not a regular reflex of gores(t) which leads us to believe that its development was influenced, possibly, by *cm·ast ­ seemingly found in Nantcorast (SO 01-46, Maesmynis, Brees.) which would be a feminine of corgi (the attested feminine form corgast is likely to be derived from *corast, in the same way as milgast in Cwmgwaun (Pembs.) [ 1 910 W. M. Morris: 1 98 ] was derived from the usual sW. milast. Llyngorlan -(SN 786-669)[1lyn + y + corlan]; [ian'g;,rlan E. & E. Edwards, hn'g;,rlan W. Owen] Llinn Gorlan 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 20, Llyn Gorland 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Gorlan 008 1 82 1 , Llyn y Gorlan 08 1 834, Llyn Gorlan 1 839TMS, Llyn y Gorlan OS 1 891 Llyngreignant -(SN 753 -61 3)[llyn + hn. Creignant(ii)] ; [im'gngnant, ian'gng nant D. Jones] Llinn Nant; Llin ? 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Ecrucllaentllyn, Crucllaentllyn 1 279 in 1 940 J.C.Davies p. 3 0 1 , Llinycregnant 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 2 1 , Llyny Cregnant 1 53 9 J.Leland in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.47, Llyn Cregnant 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Cregnant 008 1 82 1 , Llyn Crugnant 1 839TMS, Llynycregnant 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 68, Llyn Crugnant 08 1 89 1 , o Lyn Creignant 1910 ME.Morgan p.30, Llyn Cygnant 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p.201 Llyngynon -(SN 798-644)[llyn + pn. Cynon]; [ian'ganon E. & E. Edwards, D. Jones] Llinngynon 1 539 J.Leland p. l 22, Llyn Gonon 1 578map C. Saxton, Lhun Gynon c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Llyn Gynon 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Gynon 008 1 82 1 , Llyn Gynon 1 839TMS, Llyn Gynon OS 1 891 , Llyn Cynon 1 926 D.M. Jones p.41 -

584

(34) PENNARDD Llynhir -(SN 789-675)[1lyn + hir]; [hn'hi:r E. & E. Edwards, W. Owen] Llinnher 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 20, Llyn Hir 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Hir 008 1821, Llyn Hir 08 1 834, Llyn Hir 08 1 89 1 Y Maen -(SN 784-617)[y + maent [�'ma:n D. Jones, ma:n'towi J . Jones] in£ Pantceilogau -(SN 795-525)[pant + y + ceiliogau] ; [pantki'loge J. Jones] in£ Pant-y-ffynnon -(SN c. 792-522)[pant + y + ffynnon]; Pant y Ffynnon 1 78 1 sur map, Pant y Ffynnon 1 839TMS There seems to have been some kind of outbuilding here. Penbwlch -(SN 780-637)[pen + y + bwlch] ; [pen�'bulz E. & E. Edwards, D. Jones, pem'bulz J. Richards] Pen-y-bwlch 0 81 834, Pen-y-bwlch 08 1 89 1 , Penblwch 1 988 Barcud n. 1 26, Pen-bwlch 1 99 1 L.Ebenezer p. 1 5 Despite its meaning it is the name of a mountain Pengnuach -(SN 805-504)[pen + ? ] ; Pen y Gweyagh 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p.99, Pen y Gniach 1781sur map, Pen y Gniach 1 839TMS, Cnuach OS 1 891 , Cnuach OS 1 904 Cf Gnuach (34-a). Pen-y-gorlan -(SN 764-645)[pen + y + corlan]; Pen y Gorlan 1781 sur map Pengraig -(SN 785-647)[pen + y + craig]; [pq)'grajg E. & E. Edwards] in£ Pengraig-fawr -(SN 798-52 l)[pen + y + craig + mawr] ; Yr Eskair + Pengraig vawr 1 78 1 sur map, Yr Esgir Pencraig mawr 1 83 9TMS Penlan-fawr -(SN 768-667)[pen + y + glan + mawr] ; [penlan'vawr J. Richards] (c9) Pon y Lan fawr 1 81 8sur map, Pen Lan-fawr 081 891 Penllannerch -(SN 698-627)[pen + y + llannerch] ; Llanerch hi Gnuinthwa, Llannerth hi Gnuinthwa ? 1 1 84(1 425) chart Ystradffiur, Llanerchegeudua ? 1279 in 1 940 J.C.Davies p. 301 , Pen Llanerch 08 1 89 1 , Blaenclydfa ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 9 M Richards [ 1 961 : 99-1 00] has asked: "Ai Llannerchygnydfa yw llanerchegeudua yn yr un ddogfen?" The term cnydfa is an element found in other Welsh toponyms and given the meaning 'productive place' by GPC [1358]. The unlocated tn. Blaenclydfa - which lay somewhere in the Blaencaron school district ­ appears to contain the reflex of the medieval Llannerch-y-gnydfa. For other examples of cnydfa in toponymy, see 1 997 Gw. 0. Pierce et al. p.21 ; cf Brynydfa (34-b). Penllethr -(SN 791 -644)[pen + y + llethrL [pen'ie8er E. & E. Edwards, ie8er,gareg'lujd G. Edwards] in£ Pen-y-maen -(SN 773-600)[pen + y + maen] ; Pen-y-maen 081 834, Pen-y-maen 08 1 89 1 , Pen y Maen (sic loc.) 081 982 Penmaen Perthcoed -(SN c.766-647)[pen + y + maen + tn. Perthcoed (34-a)] ; [pen'ma:n J. Richards] Pen-y-maen Berthgoed 08 1 89 1 Penrhiwhalog -(SN c . 796-527)[pen + rhiw + halog] ; [penriW'hal;,g Gwl. Jones] Pen Rhiw 1 78 1 sur map Pomprenclochydd -(SN 745-658)(pompren + y + clochydd] ; [p;)mpreg'kbzd� J. Richards] F.B. 0Sc. 1 950, at Bontbren Clochydd 1 991 Barcud n. 1 60 Pontffiur -(SN 765-646)[pont + hn. Fflur] ; Pont V1eer 1 862 G.Borrow p. 442, Pont Fflur 081 891 Pont-y-lein -(SN 709-664)[pont + y + lein]; Pont y Lein ar Deifi 1 963 W. Jones-Edwards p.53 Pwllcou -(SN 78 1-658)[pwll + cau] ; Pwll Coi 08 1 89 1 , Pwll Cou 081 904, Pwll Cau 0Sc. 1 950 Pyllau-gloewon -(SN 771 -590)[pyllau + gloewon]; [p�'gl�w;,n D. Jones] in£ Rhiwfelen -(SN 790-53 1 )[rhiw + melen] ; [hriW'velen Gwl. Jones, J. Jones, penriW'velen Gwl. Jones] Rhiw Velen 1 78 1 sur map 585

(34) PENNARDD An earthen bank called klaw�'mehn runs from Penrhiwfelen to Tryfal(i) [ inf GwL Jones ] Rhiwfllu r -(SN 742-61 5)(rhiw + hn. Fflur]; Penrhiwflfir 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.253, Rhiw Fleer 1 839TMS, Penrhiw Fflur 1 91 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 201 Rhosarw -(SN 765-646)[rhos + garw]; [hro:s'aru J. Richards] Rhos Arw 1 78 1 sur map Rhos:trm -(SN 807-634)[rhos + y + ffm]; Rhos Ffin 1 83 9TMS Rhos Gelli-gron -(SN 725-635)[rhos + tn. Gelli-gron]; [kumm�'brm p.c. C. Jones] Rhos Gelli-gron OS 1 904 Each householder was allowed two cows, thirty sheep, a goose and a gander with chicks on the commons [p.c. C. Jones] ; cf Rhos Gelli-gron (34-a). Rhos-y-lluest -(SN 753-639) [rhos + y + lluest]; Rhos y Llyast 1 78 1 sur map, Rhos y Lluast 1 83 9TMS Near Hafod-newydd (34-a). Rhyd Cruclas -(SN 696-643)[rhyd + tn. Cruclas (56-a)]; Rhyd y Cruglas OS 1 834, Rhyd y Cruglas OS 1 891 A ford from Crnclas (56-a) to Alltddu (34-a) [081821 ]. Rhyd-y-meirch -(SN 778-625) [rhyd + y + meirch]; Rhyd y Meirch OS 1 891 Rhyd-y-pwli -(SN 768-568)[rhyd + y + pwll]; [hri·d�'pul Gwl. Jones] inf Teirallt -(SN 81 9-65 1 ) [tair + allt] ; [tejraH G. Edwards, taj'rait E. Rees] Tai Ra-lt OOS 1 82 1 , Tair-allt OS1 834, Tair Allt OS 1 891 S ee hn. Brwyno(ii). Tryfal(i) -(SN 798-537)(Bronhelm)[tryfal] ; [tr�val Gwl. Jones, �'tr�val J. Jones] Tryfal OS 1 904 Land between two streams [inf. Gwl. Jones] . Tryfal(ii) -(SN 791 -575)(Nantgerwyn)[tryfal]; [tr�vaJ D. Jones, J. Jones] Tryfal OS 1 904 Tryfalywain (SN 790-558)[tryfal + pn. Ywain]; [tr�'valwen Gwl. Jones] inf The -wen cannot be gwen, the feminine form of gwyn 'white', as tryfal is plainly seen to be a masculine noun in Tir y Tryval Gtryn (unloc., Llan:fihangel Abergwes�, Brees.) [1650/51 Hendrefelen MSS] . -

586

(35) PENNARDD GARTHELI Abermourig -(SN 563-564)[aber + hn. Mourig] ; Abermoygrig 1 758 M.Richardson MS 1 79, Abermyrick 1 760map E.Bowen, Abermeyrick 1 760CF, Abermeirick 1 783 Bronwydd MSS, Abermeiric 1 803map J.Singer, Abermeiric 1 8 1 6PR Gartheli, Abermeiru OOS1 8 1 9, Abermeurig 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Abermeirig 1 845TMS, Aber-Meurig House OS 1 89 1 b. 1 743 , formerly called Perthi-llwydion [ inf M . Rogers L built by the late Mr . Edwardes [ 1 808 s . R. Meyrick: 273 ] . Alene -(SN 594-564)[ ? ] ; Alene O S 1 982 Athen -(SN 5 83-564)[tn. Athen (Greece)] ; [a9e.p E. Lloyd, B. Jones, Gr. Jones] Athen School OS 1 89 1 , School OS 1 904, Ysgol Athen 1 959 WGaz. 0 5/1 1/59, Athen 1 972 Barcud n. 1 2 In 1 871 teaching was commenced at Athen, but the school here was replaced in 1 91 3 by Ysgol Gartheli (3 5 a) Named Athen because Athens had been the centre of education in Greece [ 1 977 Barcud: 1 2 ; 1 987 Llais Aeron: 99] . Dafydd DaftS (1 745-1827), upon settling at Castellhywel (14-a), founded a school of which it was said: " . . . fe ddaeth y se:fydliad yn enwog fel Athen Ceredigion. " [ 1 927 in 1 824 D. Davis ( 1 927 edn): xi] . A local humorous comment on the exotic places in the neighbourhood: "Buais i'n byw yn Denmarc, es i i'r ysgol yn Athen, ag es i i :fyw yn Canada. " [inf. M. James] refers to Denmarc (29-a) and Canada (37-a). Bane -(SN 587-549)[banc] ; [bagk D. T. Evans, B. Jones] Bane OS 1 89 1 Berthlwyd-fach -(SN 584-557) [y + perth + llwyd (+ bach)]; [berlUujd'va:x, B. Jones] Berthlwydfach 1 827PR Gartheli, Berthlwyd fach 1 845TMS, Berth-lwyd-fiich OS 1 891 Berthlwyd-fawr -(SN 5 83-558) [y + perth + llwyd (+ mawr)] ; [ber9'1ujd B. Jones, D. T. Evans, berelujd'vowr B. Jones] Berthlwyd 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Berth Llwyd OOS 1 81 9, Perthlwyd 1 823PR Gartheli, Berth-llwyd OS 1 834, Berth-Lwyd-fawr OS 1 891 The field named (c408) Hendre Boeth (SN 586-55 9) [ 1 845TMS] is likely to be an o lder site of Berthlwyd, poeth having here the meaning 'burnt'. Blaencwm-March -(SN 605-569)[blaen + cwm + hn. March] ; Blaen Cwm March 1 689 Bronwydd MSS, Cwmarch ? 1 772PR Llangeitho, Blaen Cwm March 1 786PR Llanddewi Brefi, Glanycwm ? 1 8 1 3PR Gartheli, Blaen Cwm March OOS 1 8 1 9, Glan Cwmarch 1 845TMS, Blaen-cwm-march OS1 891 Blaendyfel -(SN 574-548)[blaen + hn. Dyfel]; [bla·n'd�vel B. Jones] Glandyfel 1 845TMS, Blaen-Dyfel OS1 89 1 As to its location there is not much to choose between blaen 'head' or glan 'side'. Blaenpant -(SN 588-542) [blaen + y + pant] ; [sku:l, pn. daVIOsku:l D. T. Evans] Blaenpant 1 845TMS, Blaen-pant OS 1 891 Blaenwemlas -(SN 574-564)[blaen + tn. Wernlas (35-a)]; [blajnwern'la:s B. Jones] Blaen Wern Las 1 79 l sur map, Blaenwaynlas 1 823PR Gartheli, Blanwaynlas 1 826PR Gartheli, Blanwernlas 1 828PR Gartheli, Blaen-Wern-Las OS 1 834, Blaen Wern Las 1 845TMS, Blaen-wern OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-Wern-Las OS 1904 Bro-dawel -(SN 596-565) [bro + tawel] ; Brodawel OS 1 982 Bro-Eli -(SN 594-564)[bro + tn. [Garth]eli (35-a)]; Bro-eli OS 1 982 Bron-haul -(SN 596-568) [bron-haul] ; Bron Haul OS 1 982 Brynblodau -(SN 608-566) [bryn + blodau] ; [br�m'blode E. Lloyd, br�n'blode D. T. Evans] Bryn-blodau 1 845TMS, Bryn-blodau OS 1 891 The name is doubtlessly modelled on Penblodouyn. Bryngwyn -(SN 577-543)[bryn + gwyn] ; [br�g'gwm B. Jones, brUJ'gwm T. Parry] Bryn Gwynn 1 682 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Gwyn 179 1 sur map, Bryngwyn 1 8 1 3PR Gartheli, Bryn Gwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn-gwyn OS1 891 -

.

587

(35) PENNARDD Brynmeurig -(SN 588-551)[bryn + hn. Mourig] ; [br1600, Bryn Blodoym 1630, 1 684, lead one to suspect that the original element was not blodeuyn 'flower', but Bydeym, an obscure word, possibly a personal name, with the element teym (*Mydeyrn, � my + teym, c£ B.tn. Ploudiern (F. Plomodiern, Finistere) [ 1990 B. Tanguy: 590

(35) PENNARDD 1 51 ]). An original Bydeym could become *Bydoym in Cardiganshire Welsh (see sub Troedrour, 1 0-a), the final cluster could simplify to , resulting quite regularly in *Bydoyn, the irregular insertion of a medial to make it similar to blodeuyn is attested by the 1 734 form Bryn Blodoyn. But a pronunciation without the was still attested as late as 1 823 : Pembrynbodeyn, and note the pronunciation pen,bo'd;,jn; see Penbryn, Brynblodau (35-a). Penbryn -(SN 608-563)[pen + y + bryn] ; [pem'br�n E. Lloyd] Pen y Bryn 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pen y Bryn 1 794PR Llanddewi Brefl, Pen y Bryn OOS 1 819, Penybryn 1 845TMS, Pen-bryn OS 1 89 1 It seems possible that both Penbryn and Penblodouyn (35-a) are derived from the same name, viz. Penbrynblodouyn. Penlan -(SN 567-560)[pen + y + glan] ; Penlan 1 791 sur map, Penylan 1 8 1 3PR Gartheli, Penlan Abermeiric 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Penlan 1 822PR Gartheli, Pen'lan OS1 834, Penylan 1 845TMS , Pen-Ian OS 1 891 Penpompren -(SN 5 83-565)[pen + y + pompren]; Pen Pontbren 1 83 5PR Gartheli, (c) Cae Dan y Ffordd + cottage 1 845TMS, Pen-pontbren OS1 891 Inexistent [os 1904]. Plas-newydd -(SN 597-564)[plas + newydd] ; Plas-newydd OS 1 891 Pwll-y-hwyad -(SN 593-563)[pwll + yr + hwyad] ; Pwll yr Hwyad cott 1 79 1 sur map The yr form of the definite article agrees with a literary pronunciation hojad, rather than the usual spoken form hwiad; below Llety-pannwr. Pyllau-bach -(SN 593-568)[pyllau + bach] ; Pylle bach 1 796PR Llanddewi Brefl, P_!!lle bach 1 8 14PR Nantgwnllau, Pyllau bach 1 81 4PR Llangeitho, Pulle bach 1 821PR Garthel� Pylle-bach 1 823PR Llangeitho, Pwllau bach 1 845TMS Rhyglwyn -(SN 575-565)[rhyg + llwyn] ; [hnglojn B. Jones] Rhyglwyn OS1 982 b. l 908 [inf. B. Jones] ; this name was suggested by the field it was built upon (c296) Cae Rhyg ( 1845TMS], but the coupling of rhyg with llwyn, meaning 'rye bush' is rather inept. Tai'ncoed -(SN 573-569)[tai + yn + y + coed] ; [tal]'ko:d Gr. Jones, B. Jones] Tai'n y Coed 1 666 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tainycoed 1 705 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 90, Tythin y Tai yn y Coed 1758 Davies-Evans MSS, Taincoid 1 782PR Llanddewi Breft, Ty'n y Coed 1 79 1 sur map, Ty'n-y­ coed 1 791 sur map, Tyn y Coed OOS 1 8 1 9, Tan-y-coed OS1 834, Tainycoed 1 83 1PR Nantgwnllau, Tainycoed 1 845TMS, Tan-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Tai'n-coed OS1 904 Tai'ncwm -(SN 588-567)[tai + yn + y + cwm] ; [tajiJ'kom B. Jones] Tai yn y Cwm 1772 Crosswood MSS , Tai yn y Cwm 1 791 sur map, Tai'n y Cwm 1 798PR Llanddewi Breft, Ty'n-y-cwm 1 791 sur map, Taincwm 1 83 0PR Nantgwnllau, Tynycwm, (c) Gawr Tyn y Cwm 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-cwm OS 1 89 1 , Tai'n-y-cwm O S 1 904 Tancastell -(SN 593-562) [tan + y + castell]; Tanycastell 1 794PR L1angeitho, Tanycastell OS1 834, Tan-castell OS 1 89 1 , Emporium OS 1 904 No apparent remains of fortifications. Trefynor-isa -(SN 578-562)[tref + ? (+ isaf)] ; [tre,v;)n;,r'iJa B. Jones, tre,v;)n;,r'd3o:nz Gr. Jones] Trefynor issaf 1 845TMS, Tre-fynor-isaf OS1 891 Trefynor-ucha -(SN 578-562)[tref + ? (+ uchaf)]; [tre'v;)n;,r Gr. Jones, tre,v;)n;,r';)za B. Jones, tre,v;)n;,r 'edwardz Gr. Jones] 'goror' Trefynor fl. 1 4thcent.( c. l400) Llywelyn Ddu ab y Pastard in Hendreg. p.23 0, Tithin Travenor 1 563 Bronwydd MSS, Trevyno 1 592 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p.20, Treveynor 1 592 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll Theakston & J.Davies p. 19, Trefynor 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Trevynor 1 758 Davies-Evans MSS, Trefynor 1 790PR Llanddewi Brefl, Trefynor uchaf 1 791 sur map, Trevynor 1 800PR Llanddewi Brefl, Treffynnon (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Trefainor OS 1 834, Tre-fynor-uchaf OS 1 891, Tie-fynor 0Sc. 1 950 It is tempting to understand the second element as being maenor, especially as the term was used for the constituent parts of the parish of Llanddewi that lay in the Teill valley, however, the pronunciation with [ -�-] is for penultimate is wholly irregular, as is confrrmed by the medieval spelling. The second element may be *-ynor rather than *-fynor (cf Trefilan (42-a) which is likelier to contain the pn. Ilan than 591

(35) PENNARDD *Milan). If * Ynor is a personal-name we are tempted to derive it from L. Honorius, and whilst Ynyr is considered the usual Welsh reflex of Honorius (cf B.pn. Ener [ 1 908 J. Loth: 282; 1 925 R. Largilliere: 1 42-44] , and W. my.fyr � L. memoria), we may postulate another form of the Latin personal-name, cf. the pairs OW. Emreis [c. 1 1 40 LL: 42] � Ambrus [ c. l 1 40 LL: 43 ] � L.pn. Ambros(i)us, and OW. Selim [ c. l 1 40 LL: 279] and OB. Salamun [ 1 909 J. Loth: 293 ] respectively from the nominative Salom a, and the oblique Salomonis [ 1 890 J. Loth: 1 63 , 229] . We might expect an unaffected form of Ynyr to be * Ynur, cf W. llafur, MB . laur [ 1 967 PHB: 605 ] � L. laborem; dolur � L. dolorem; pn. Gwythur (Gwythur (3x) (Cards.) [ 1 302-03rent: 9b-10, 1 8-1 9 ] ) � L. Uictorius; tn. Aradur � L. oratorium) and not * Ynor, but note the final in the Breton words enor 'honour', and efivor (OB. memor) 'memory', which have all the appearance of being derived from Latin forms. The L.pn. Memorius is found as a saint's name in Saint Mesmin (Aube, France), S. Memorius 1 1 45 [DNLF : 6 1 8] , and in Brittany a B.pn. Mevor is attested as well as a Saint Memor (Gouesnac'h, Finistere) [ 1 909 J. Loth: 1 50] , this may well be the origin of Myfor in Merthyr-mawr (Glams.), Merthir Mimor [ c. 1 1 40 LL: 3 1 ] , Merthirmouor [> 1 1 99 LL: 284] . If Myfor is from L. Memorius then we should have no difficulty in deriving * Ynor from Honorius (it still remains possible that Myfor is a purely Celtic name containing my- + mar as has been suggested by M. Richards [ 1 967-70: 1 25 ] ) . In Breton toponymy there exists a number of Kerenor, which might contain the otherwise unattested pn. *Enor, though in at least one case a Kerenor is a reduction of Kerazenor, Azenor being a common Medieval Breton woman's name. In conclusion there seems a fair possibility that Latin Honor(i)us gave * Ynor as well as Ynyr, though I have been unable to give the exact reason for such a variation. The same element *-ynor may be contained in Garthenor (36-a) 5km due E. Judging by the pn. Aron ab Ener (Gwidigada) [ 1 292 in 1 930 BBC S: 1 3 . 2 1 9] the pn. Ynyr persisted until the thirteenth century in south-western Wales. . Trem-y-foel -(SN 603 -565)[trem + y + moel]; Trem-y-foel OS 1 982 Troedrhiw -(SN 595-564)(Llwyngroes)[troed + y + rhiw]; [�'re·vel B. Jones] Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Yr-hen-efail O S 1 982 Troedrhiwgelynnen -(SN 61 7-557)(Penblodouyn)[troed + rhiw + yr + celynnen]; [tr:ljdhnw,ge'lmen als. pol, pn. tejlurpol D. T. Evans] (c) Y Rryd Gronn (prox.) 1 5002/2 Cwrt-rnawr MS 44, Penblodeuin Cottage 1832PR Nantgwnllau, Troed­ y-rhiw OS1 891 Ty-nant -(SN 5 8 1-564)[tyddyn + y + nant]; [ti'nant B. Jones, t�'nant Gr. Jones] Ty Nant 1 782PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Ty'nnant 1 784PR Llanddewi Brefl, Ty Nant 1 803map J. Singer, Tynant 1 8 1 6PR Gartheli, Tyn y Nant, Ty Nant OOS 1 8 1 9, Tynynant 1 845TMS, Ty-nant OS 1 89 1 , Tynant 1 894 J.Evans p.68 Tynddraenen -(SN 6 1 2-564)[tyddyn + y + draenen]; Ty'n Ddrainen 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Tyn Draenen 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefl, Tyn Ddrinen 1 795PR Llanddewi Breft, Ty'n-y-ddrainen OS 1 834, Tynddrainen 1 834PR Gartheli, Tynyddreinen 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-ddraenen OS 1 891 Ty-newydd -(SN 5 88-555)[tY + newydd]; Tynewydd 1 820PR Gartheli, Ty newydd Cottage 1 845TMS Tynffordd -(SN 596-566)[tyddyn + y + ffordd]; Tyny:ffordd 1 845TMS, Ty'n-ffordd OS 1 891 Tynfron-isa -(SN 570-565)[tyddyn + y + bron (+ isaf)] ; [tmr:ln'iJa B. Jones] Ty'n-y-fron 1 791 sur map, Tyn y Fron OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-Fron OS1 834, Tynyfron 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-fron OS 1 89 1 , Ty yn y Vron als. Ty'n y Fron issa 1 73 1-1 892 Llysnewydd MSS p.37, Tynfronisaf 1 904 J.Evans p.69, Ty'n-y-fron isaf OS1 982 Tynfron-ucha -(SN 579-569) [tyddyn + y + bron (+ uchaf)]; [tm'vr:ln Gr. Jones, tmvr:ln'�xa B. Jones] Tir y Fron 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Ty'n y Fron 1 791 sur map, TYn y Fron 1 797PR Llanddewi Brefl, Ty'nyfron 1 8 1 4PR Garthel� Tyn y Fron OOS 1 8 1 9, Tynyfron 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-fron OS1 89 1 , Tynfronucha 1 904 J.Evans p.69 Tynrhelyg -(SN 578-556)[tyddyn + yr + helyg] ; [tm'hrehg B. Jones] Ty yn 'r Helig 1 777PR Llangeitho, Ty'n yr Helig 1791 sur map, Ty'n 'r Rely, Ty'n-yr-helyg 1791 sur map, Tynrhelig 1 824PR Gartheli, Ty'n-yr-helyg OS 1 89 1 Tynwaun -(SN 595-567)[tyddyn + y + gwaun];

592

(35) PENNARDD Ty'n y Waun 1 79 1 sur map, Ty'n y Wain 1 8 1 5PR Betwslleucu, Tynywayn 1 8 1 6PR Gartheli, Ty'n-waun OS1 89 1 , Tynwaun 1 959 WGaz. 05/1 1/59, Gelli OS1982 Wemlas -(SN (ii)572-563)[y + gwem + glas] ; Wemlas 1 797PR Llanddewi Brefi, Wern Las (2x) 1 791 sur map, Wernlas 1 827PR Gartheli, Wernlas, (c265) Wernlas 1 845TMS i) SN 572-567. ii) SN 572-563. 1 8 1 3 . The name is duplicated in early nineteenth century maps [ 1813sur map; 1 8451MS ] , for a house o n this site, and for a field at SN 572-567, both then on Gwastadgwrda (36-a) land. I am unable to ascertain whether the name of the field is due to it formerly belonging to the house, or whether the house itself was removed sometime before 1 81 3 from the site of the field. An a priori assumption is that a name in gwern 'marsh' would seem to better suit the site of the field than the house, also cf Blaenwernlas (35-a) which is at 1 25m altitude is not below Wernlas(ii). Wemfelen -(SN 574-565)[y + gwem + melen] ; [wern've·len B. Jones] Fronfelen OS1 904, Wemfelen OS1982 Ysgol Gartheli -(SN 591-562)[ysgol + tn. Gartheli (35-a)] ; Gartheli C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 b. l 9 1 3 , closed 1 986. Had been preceded by Athen. [ 1 987 Llai. Aeron: 99] . geonyms Cribtoulu -(SN 595-572)[ crib + y + toulu] ; [bagk,tau'ko:d , kri·b't:.ljli B. Jones, ait,tau'ko:d Gr. Jones] Bank Crug Toily 1 791 sur map, Bank Cryb y Toily 1 845TMS, Alit Tai'n-coed 0Sc. 1 950 Cf Bwlchteulu (56-a). Ffynnonadda -(SN 576-568)[ffynnon + pn. Addaf] ; [ (c) kaj,f�n:.ln'a.()a B. Jones] (c) Cae Fcynnon Adda 1 791sur map Y Foel -(SN 584-569)[y + moel]; (c) Y Liane ar Geven Garthely 1 664 Llanll}'r MSS, Penlan yr Einos (prox.) 1 79 1 sur map, (cl 9) Y Foel 1 791 sur map, (c225) Y Foel 1 845TMS The word einioes 'life' survives only in the fossilised phrase ar fencos i 'on my soul', in southern Welsh [GPC s.v. einioes] . Could einioes here (if this is the element) have a supernatural significance?; cf. nearby Cribtoulu (35-b); Bwlchranos (59-a). Lonunion -(SN 564-564)[1on + union] ; [penlon'mj:.ln M. Rogers] Lon Union 1 904 J.Evans p.67 Runs from Capel Abermourig (35-a) to Abermourig (35-a), from the old road to the new road [ 1 904 J. Evans: 67] .

593

(36) PENNARDD BETWSLLEUCU Abermarlais

-(SN 582-574) [tn. Abermarlais (Llansadwm, Carms.)];

[aber'marles

Gr. Jones]

Abermarles 1 8 1 3 sur map, Abermarles 1 83 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Yr Hendy 1 845TMS, Aber-marlais OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1 904].

Berws-isa

-(SN 61 0-569)[E. beerhouse (+ isaf)] ;

Berws issaf 1 845TMS, Berrws-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Berws-isaf OS 1 904, Glannant O S 1 982

Berws-ucha -(SN

6 1 3-568) [E. beerhouse (+ uchaf)] ;

[heros E.

Lloyd]

Lletty Berws 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Lletty'r Berws 1 785PR Llanddewi Brefi, Berws 1 787PR Llanddewi Brefi, Berws ucha 1 8 1 7PR Betwslleucu, Berwys OOS 1 8 1 9, Berws ycha 1 824PR Garthel� Berwys OS 1 834, Berws uchaf 1 845TMS, (c) Caebarws 1 86 1 Derry Ormond MSS, Berws OS 1 89 1 , Berws-uchaf OS 1 904

[ 1 867 in 1 967 CER: 5.357; 1 868: 1 10] of the local word bnvsdir 'wet­ - his comment "ac nid yw her a benvs ond aralliad o mer a menvs" seems unenlightnening, he seems to be thinking of Gwaun Meitws (Llangeler, Carms.). We are safer in interpreting betws as derived from E. beerhouse, see Nant-y-betws (59-a), sub Rhyd Capelcynon (18-a). Blaenwaun -(SN 6 1 3 -573)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Despite the derivation by B. Williams moor' as a compression of benvsdir

Blaen y Waun 1 845TMS, Blaen-waun OS 1 89 1 , Blaenwen 1 988 K. & ALl. Morris p. 1 7 b. bet. 1 79 1 -1 845 [179 1 sur map; 1 8451MS]. Brwstir -(SN 6 1 9-562)[*brwstir] ; Brwstir issaf, (c) Brwstir uchaf 1 82 3

Derry Ormond MSS, Brushdir 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Brwsdir

1 845TMS, Brwstir OS 1 89 1 This

is

a word for 'wet-moor' restricted t o central Cardiganshire. The word i s not found i n GPC, but it

may be derived from E.

brush

'undergrowth, thicket', ultimately from F.

brousse,

with the same meaning.

The 1 826 form seems to support this.

Brynhelm

-(SN 620-572)[bryn + yr + helm] ;

Bryn yr Helem 1 79 1 sur map, Brynrhelem 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Bron yr Helem 1 8 1 8PR Betwslleucu, Brynhelem 1 845TMS, Bron-yr-helem OS 1 89 1 , Bron-yr-helem O S 1 904

Brynhir -(SN 622-579)[bryn + hir] ; [br�n'hi:r E. Lloyd, A.

Davies]

Brynhir 1 793PR Llangeitho, Bryn Hir cott 1 79 1 sur map, Bryn Hir 1 803map J.Singer, Bryn Hir OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn-hlr OS 1 89 1

Cae'rcoed

-(SN 583-575) [cae + yr + coed];

[ka·r'ko:d B.

Jones, Gr. Jones]

Tyddyn Kaer Koed 1 565 Pengelli MS S, Kaer Koed 1 567 Pengelli MSS, Tythin Kaer Koed 1 59 1 Pengelli th MS S, Tir Kae y y Coed 1 679 Glansevin MS S, Tir Llae'r Coed 1 7 cent. Pengelli MS S, Tyr Pen Caer Coed 1 758 Davies-Evans MS S, Cae Coed 1 773 Bronwydd MSS, Cae'r Coed 1 783PR Llanddewi Bref1, Cae yr Coed 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Caer Coed 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cae'rcoed 1 8 1 3sur map, Carcoed 1 8 1 5PR Betwslleucu, Cae'r Coed OOS 1 8 1 9, Carcoed 1 820PR Gartheli, Carcoed fach (prox. ) 1 822PR Garthel� Carcoed 1 85 1 NLW MS 3500-B, Cae'r-coed OS 1 89 1

CAPELBETWS - ( S N 607-582)[capel + betws] ; [kapel'betos

E. Lloyd,

betos'lejki A

Davies]

Capel Bettus Lekye 1 578map C. Saxton, (chp) Bettws 1 592 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 1 7, Bettws Lleyky 1 592 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll Theakston & J.Davies p. 20, (chp) Bettus 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 3 43 7, Capel Bettus Lleyky 1 760map E.Bowen, Bettws Lleiky and Llegenydd 1 760CF, Cappel Bettws als. Gilfach Cwmmarch 1 760CF, Capel Bettws Lickys 1 762-63 in 1 946 T .Beynon p . 1 65, Chapel Beatus 1 769PR Llangeitho, Capel Betws 1 774PR Llangeitho, Bettws Lleiky 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Chapel y Bettws 1776PR Llanddewi Brefi, 'parcel of' Bettws 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Chapel Bettws 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bettws Leiki 1 780PR Llanddewi Brefi, Chappel Bettws 1 782PR Llangeitho, Bettus 1 782PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bettws Leiky 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi, Bettws Leiki 1 790PR Llangeitho, h C apel of Bettws 1 804PR Llanddewi Brefi, Capel Bettws Leicy 1 808 S.RMeyricke p. 1 3 8, Bettws Lleuci 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bettws Lleuc� Chapel Bettws 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Capel Bettws OOS 1 8 1 9, C.Bettws 1 83 0PR Llangeitho, Capel Bettws Lleici O S 1 834, Bettws-Leike 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p . 86, Capel Betws 1 903 Cymru vol.24 p.261, Capel-Betws-Lleucu, Ch OS 1 89 1 , St. Lucia's Church OS 1 904, Capel Bettws 1 9 1 3 J.Evans p. 3 2, Capel-Betws-Leucu 0Sc. 1 950 b. 1 805

[ 1 833 s. Lewis (1850 ed.n): 1 .86]; reb. 1 875 ( 1 903 G. E. Evans: 230) ; a branch of Capel Gwynfil comprising (Eglwy.swyr) and Methodists [1 903 Cymru: 24.261 ] . Though fpn. Lleucu has been

a mixture of Churchgoers

594

(36) PENNARDD Lucia, and that Lucia replaced Gwynnen at Llanwnnen (probably due 6 Riain [1 994: 393] - to view Lleucu as a female lay-name rather than a saint. The name Lleucu contains the obsolete word llau 'light', and cu 'dear, beloved', OW. Leucu [c.l l40 LL: 236]. However there are seeming irregularities with this name: 1 ) non-lenition of the element cu - though not in the pn. Gwyngu, see sub hn. Gwngu (d). Interestingly enough most Breton personal-names composed with the cognate element kunv also seem to forego lenition, e.g. Kerelkun (La Feuillee, Finistere), cf OW.pn. Elcu [c. 1 140 LL: 249], though the Breton name is likelier to contain the element he/ (W. hael), cf Kerekun (Briec, Finistere), Kerhelcuf 1 445 [1995 A Deshayes: 358]; MB Gurcum, Gorcuj, B.sn. Gourcuff [ 1 890 J. Loth: 1 22, 201 ] ; MB . Maucuff [1 890 J. Loth: 220], Koadmokun (Huelgoat, Finistere); MB. sn. Doncuff [1 993 Gw. Le Menn: 1 48], Kerzanku (F. Kerdoncuff, Poullaouen, Finistere); the numerous examples of the pn. *Incuff in the numerous examples of Kerinku, Keriku, Kerikun [ 1 995 A Deshayes: 363]; 2) one would expect the penultimate diphthong to give in Cardiganshire, but there is no sign of this regular change with the pn. Lleucu; cf (c) F.fynnonleucu (Pistylleinon land, 30-a), (c591) Cae Fjjmon Licci [18431MS CellanL Cae F.fynon Lici [ 1945 Plwyf Cellan: 20t cf f pn. Llykie (Llansant:froo) [ 1 590 Hendrefelen MSS] . Note that though Lleucu is attested as a female name in Welsh as early as the ninth century [c. l l 40 LL: 236], the OC.pn. Loucum, Leucum, Lecem [loth_n thcent. Bodm.Manu.] was not a female personal-name. The field Ddol Leiki (SN 598-582) [ 1845TMS Llangeitho] in Llangeitho refers to Capelbetws; cf Pontlleucu (36b); Llwynllaethdy (41-a). There are two other Capelbetws: 1 ) Cappel Bettws (Trelech, Carms.) [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cappel Bettws] ; 2) near Penpont (Brees.), " This chapel is sometimes called Capel y Bettws. It is situate on the banks of the river Usk. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Penpont] . Comprising: 1 ) Fedw Arms, 2) Glanafon, 3) Glanmarch, 4) Pendre. Castellbetws -(SN 61 0-575) [castell + tn. [ Capel]betws (36-a)]; [kastcl E. Lloyd] seen as the coequivalent of L.f pn.

to a similar feast-day), I prefer - as does P.

Castell ? 1 778PR Llangeitho, Castell y Bettus 1 78 5PR Llanddewi Brefi, Castel1 1 787PR Llanddewi Breft, Castell bach ? 1 797PR Llangeitho, Castell C. Bettws 1 830PR Llangeitho, Castellbach ? 1 83 9PR Betwslleucu, Castell-bedw OS 1 89 1 , Castell-bedw OS1 904 In this place

bedw (found in the nearby farm Fedw-fawr) seems to have been substituted for betws which Capelbetws.

refers to nearby

Castellwaun -(SN 61 1 -573)[castell + y + gwaun] ; Castell Evan 1 845TMS, Castell-waun OS 1 89 1

Cefn Garthenor -(SN 628-562)[cefn + tn. Garthenor (36-a)]; [keven,garO'en;,r E. Lloyd] Keven Garthenor 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Cefen Garthenor 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cefen Garthenor 1 777PR Llangeitho, Cefen Garthenor 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cevengarthenor 1 793PR Llanddewi Breft, Cefngarthenor 1 8 1 5PR Betwslleucu, Cefn Garthenor OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn Garthener 1 823 Derry Ormond MS S, Cefn-garthenor 1 845TMS, Cefn-garthenor OS1 891

Cenfaes -(SN 6 1 3-583)[cefu + maes] ; Tyddyn y Keven Vaes als. Tythyn y Kenvaes 1 665/66 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir y Kenvase 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Tir y Kenvaes 1 686 Bronwydd MSS, Keven y Maes 1 765 Bronwydd MSS, Henvas 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cenfaes 1 79 1 sur map, Cenvas 1 794PR Llanddewi Brefi, Cenfas 1 797 Derry Ormond MS S, Cefn Faes OOS 1 8 1 9, Cenffis 1 83 5PR Betwslleucu, Cefnfaes 1 845TMS, Cenfaes OS1 891 , Cefnfaes O S 1 904, Cefnmaes 0Sc. 1 95 0 C£

Cefnfeysydd (SH 60- 1 1 , Llangelynnin, Mers.) which shows a pattern o f enclosed fields straddling the

adjacent river and separated from the coastal lowlands by of the parish by steep rough land; for the reduction of cefn to

cen- before a consonant in southern Welsh, see Cae-cender (47-a); and for another Ceincoed (21-a). Celli-Llyndu -(SN 628-566)[celli + hn. Llyndu] ; [gcli'bndi E. Lloyd] reduction of cefn, see

Gelly'r Llyndy 1 708 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 1 09, Gellyllyndy 1 760CF, Gellillundu 1 802PR Llanddewi Breft, Gelly Llyndy 1 803PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gelli Llyn Du OOS 1 8 1 9, Gellillyndu 1 826PR Betwslleucu, Gelli-llyndu OS 1 834, Gelli-llyn-du O S 1 891 , Gelli-llyndu OS1 904, Gelli-llyndu + The Bungalow O S 1 982

Cockshead Castle -(SN 630-553)[tn. Cockshead (32-a) + E. castle] ; [k;)ksed'ka·sJ N. Davies] (c) Cae Castell 1 845TMS Gogouan, Cockshead Castle O S 1 8 9 1 , Cockshead Castle 0Sc. 1 950, Brynteg + Arfryn OS 1 982

Cockshead Cottage -(SN 63 1 -5 54) [E. tn. Cockshead (32-a) + cottage] ; Cockshead Cottage OS 1 89 1

595

(36) PENNARDD Cwrt-newydd

-(SN 598-579) [cwrt + newydd];

Court newydd 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Cwrtnewydd cott 1 845TMS

Dolan

-(SN 592-579)[dolau] ;

[do·l'ejr:m B.

Jones,

dole'ejr:m M.

D. Jenkins]

Dolyd Llebli6 1 300Y:z(c. 1 400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p . 3 30, Llebli6 'ardal g6i6 g6ydyr blas' 1 300Y:z(c. 1 400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p. 3 3 0, Tyddyn Dole Lleklin 1 564 Pengelli MS S , Tythyn Dole Llebliw 1 567 Pengelli MSS , Tir Dole Lleblew 1 584 Pengelli MSS, Dole Glessni ? 1 627 in 1 900

WGaz.

1 7103100, Dole Eblin 1 ?ilicent. Pengelli MS S , Dole 1 749150 Pengelli MS S, Dolellyn

1 75 8 Davies-Evans MSS, Dole 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Dolau Auron 1 7 9 1 sur map, Dolau OOS 1 8 19, Dolau OS 1 834, Doleu Ayron 1 845TMS, Dolau OS 1 89 1 , Dole Llynn als. Dole Llwm 1 73 1 -1 892 Llysnewydd MSS p . 3 7, Dolau OS 1 904 The second element gave rise to a ghost word [GPC s.v. llebliw], otherwise found only in W. Owen-Pughe's dictionary of 1 803 , with the doubtful meaning a 'pale yellow/brown colour, buff; cf

Glanllebini

als.

Plas

Troedrour (7-a). Erw-fallen -(SN c. 603 -5 80) [erw + yr + afallen] ; Tythyn Erw y Vallen 1 6 1 4 CD, Erw'r Afallen 1 783PR Llanddewi Breft, Erw Fallen 1 790PR Llanddewi Brefi

Fedw Arms

-(SN 607-582)[tn. Fedw[-fawr]

(36-a) + E.

arms] ;

P.H. OS 1 89 1 , Vedw Arms (P.H.) O S 1 904, Ty Llwyd (sign)

Fedw-fawr -(SN 608-582)[y + bedw (+ mawr)] ; Fedw 1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi, Vedw fawr 1 799PR Llanddewi Brefi, Fedw fawr 1 79 1 sur map, Fedw

Y

1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Vedw 1 823PR Llangeitho,

Fedw OOS 1 8 1 9, 'Fedw O S 1 834,

Y

Fedw > 1 836 in

1 979 J.RRees p. 1 0, Fedwfach (prox. ) 1 83 8PR Betwslleucu, Fedw-fawr OS 1 89 1

Felin-fawr -(SN 602- 5 8 1 ) [y + melin + mawr] ; [velm'vowr M. James] Y Vely[n] vawr als. Velyn y Marchogg 1 669 Bronwydd MS S, Y Velin vawr

als. Velin y Marchog 1 686

Bronwydd MSS, Velyn vawr 1 772 Crosswood MSS , Felin fawr 1 79 1 sur map, Velin fawr 1 798PR Llanddewi Brefi, Melin fawr 008 1 8 1 9, 'Felin fawr O S 1 834, Felin-fawr (Com) O S 1 891 The -fawr is in opposition to Felin-fach (41-a). Garthenor -(SN 630-5 60)[garth + ? ]; [gar8'en:lr E. Lloyd] Garthenor 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Garthenor 1 776PR Llanddewi Breft, Garthenor OOS 1 8 1 9, Garthenor OS 1 89 1

Enor

A Dyffryn Enor a Segor I A Chartago ma6r a minor. ('And the valley o f Enor and I And Carthage the Great and the Lesser') [c. 1275 BTaliesin: 5 ] in the poem Saint a Merthyron Cred

in the lines

Segor

11

11

refer to an unlocated place-name in the Middle East contributed to this name. The component in

Glanafon

Trefynor (35-a), 5km

due

-enor

[ 1994 M. Haycock: 262-63]

and is hardly likely to have

may well prove to be identical to the component

*-ynor

w.

-(SN 606- 582)[glan + afon];

Glanafon OS 1 982

Glanmarch

-(SN 606- 5 8 1 ) [glan +

hn.

March] ;

[glan'marx M.

James]

Glan y March 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Glan y March > 1 836 in 1 979 J.RRees p. 1 0, Glan March 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Glanmarch 1 845TMS, (c) Allt Glan-march OS 1 89 1

Glanrhyd-fach

-(SN 6 1 7- 564)[glan + rhyd + bach] ;

Glanrhydfach 1 82 3 Derry Ormond MS S, Glanrhydfach 1 826PR Betwslleucu, Glanrhyd fach 1 845TMS, Glan-rhyd-mch OS 1 8 9 1 Inexistent [os 1 904 ] .

Godre'rcoed

-(SN 624-552)[godre + yr + coed] ;

[g:ldrer'k:ljd D.

T. Evans]

Godre'r Coed OS 1 9 82 A housing estate, b. 1 945> [inf. D. T. Evans] .

The Grange

-(SN 6 1 3-572) [E. the + grange] ;

The Grange OS 1 982

Gwarallt -(SN

593-5 76)[gwar + yr + allt];

[gwar'ait Gr.

Jones]

Gwarr yr Alt ycha + issa 1 727 CD, Gwar yr Allt 1 749150 Pengelli MSS, Gwarallt 1 789PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Gwarallt OS 1 8 1 9, Gwar yr Allt 1 845TMS

Gwastadgwrda -(SN (i)565-569) [gwastad + pn.

Gwrdafj ;

[gwasbd M

596

D. Jenkins]

(36) PENNARDD o Wastad Gwrda c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.44, Gwastad Gwrda c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. l 3 4, Gwastad Gwrda 1 65 3 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tyddyn Gwasted Gwrda 1 694/95 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 82, Gwastad 1 760CF, Gwastod Myrrick 1 760map E.Bowen, Gwasted Myrrick 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Gwastod 1 788PR Llanddewi Brefi, Gwastad 1 8 1 3PR Betwslleucu, Gwastod OS 1 89 1 , Y Gwastod 1 904 D. Jenkins i)

xxxii,i Dolwerdd OS 1 982 Dolwerdd

SN 5 65- 569. The name

was given to the old house after the new house was built

[inf. B.

Jones] .

[ inf B. Jones] ; see Trefran (35-a). (Spain)] ; [d31h E. Lloyd] Guberaltar 1 828PR Betwslleucu, Gibraltar OS 1 89 1 , (f. pn.) Nel Gib c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/29 Inexistent [OS1 904] . Gibraltar was the scene of a famous siege ( 1 779-83), whose relief was carried out in 1 783 [1986 J. Field: 1 5] . Vaughan Lloyd of Mabwys ( 1 736-1 8 1 7) took part in this siege [ 1 953 BC: 556-57]; cf Jib als. Gibraltar (Brynteg, Angl.) [ 1996 Gw. T. Jones & T. Roberts: 71 ] . Llainlas -(SN 6 1 6-57 1 )[llain + glas] ; [iajn'la:s E. Lloyd] ii)

SN 566-5 68. b. 1 957-59

Jib -(SN 6 1 8-560)[E.tn. Gibraltar

Llain-las OS 1 89 1 b. bet. 1 79 1 -1 89 1

Llety-du-isa -(SN

[ 1 79 1 sur map; OS1 891] .

600-580) [1lety + du ( + isaf)] ;

Lletty Dy issa 1 727 CD, Lletty Du issa 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Llether D u issa (sic) 1 8 1 4PR Llangeitho, Llettu Du 1 8 1 5PR Betwslleucu, Lletty Du 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Lletty-du 1 8 1 9PR Llangeitho, Lletty Duy 1 828PR Gartheli, Lletty-du-isaf OS 1 89 1

Llety-du-ucha -(SN 601 -579) [llety + du + ( + uchaf)] ; Lletty Dy ychan 1 727 CD, Lletty Du ycha als. Ceven y Wern 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Llettydu 1 760CF, Pen y Wern ? 1 776PR Llanddewi Brefi, Lletty Du ucha 1 845TMS, Lletty-du-uchaf OS 1 89 1

Lluest-fach

-(SN 620-569)[lluest + bach] ;

[iijast'ba:x (id.) E .

Lloyd]

Lluest-fach 1 78 5PR Llanddewi Brefi, Lluast ffich 1 8 1 4PR Llangeitho, Lluast fach 1 8 1 7PR Betwslleucu, Llyestfach 1 8 1 9PR Garthel� Lluest-ffich OS 1 89 1

Mill Cottage -(SN 602-580)[E.

mill + cottage];

Mill Cottage OS 1 89 1

Ochrcoed -(SN 624- 5 54)[ochr + y + coed] ; [oz:>r'ko:d E .

Lloyd]

Ochr y Coed 1 826PR Betwslleucu, Cefn-y-coed OS 1 83 4, Ochor y Coed 1 845TMS , Ochr-coed OS 1 89 1 OLMARCB - ( S N 624- 5 5 1 )[tn. Olmarch

Tyn-y-lon OS 1 83 4,

(c)

(29/36-a)]; [:>lmarx E.

Lloyd, D. T. Evans,

pentre':>lmarx D.

T. Evans]

Gwar Ty bach y Lone 1 845TMS, Olmarch Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Olrnarch Castle +

Olmarch Road + Olmarch Cottage + Ysgoldy Olmarch O S 1 904 Comprising:

Olmarch-fawr

n:>6va, ;llmaz'vrla, :>lmaz'kasJ, ar':>sva [inf. D. T. Evans]. [:>lmarz'vowr D. T. Evans, :>lmarz'mowr E.

-(SN 625 -547) [61 + march (+ mawr)] ;

Lloyd]

Olmarch 1 669 Bronwydd MS S , Olemarch 1 676 Bronwydd MSS , Almerch 1 684 PDB p. l l 6, Olmarth 1 709 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 90, Olmarch 1 760map E. Bowen, Olmarch fawr 1 772 Crosswood MS S , Olmarch 1 798PR Llangeitho, Olmarch fawr OOS 1 8 1 9 , Olmarch fawr 1 845TMS, Olmarch-fawr OS 1 89 1 Gw. 0 . Pierce

[ 1 984: 462--63]

has convincingly demonstrated that 6 1 meant 'track', and in all probability this

name refers to a 'horse-track' or 'horse-way'. However as 61 became obsolete in this sense quite early

in

Welsh, and was restricted to mean 'trace, mark, trail', it was subsequently misinterpreted. In this particular locality it became associated with a (now unlocated) menhir "near Olmarch house which it traditionally

[c. l700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .87] ; could this be Presseb y March? described as 'a great [c.1 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 .88] - at SN 60-52 according to CER [1982: 9.265] . This in turn doubtlessly had something to do with the stream March. A similar (but unlocated) name probably lies behind 0/ Carn y March [c.1 600 s. D. Rhys: 1 36] somewhere along the lower stretches of the Ystwyth river, where Cornipyn Gawr's horse was said to have leapt, see sub Castell (52-b); cf. hn. Olmarch; see Olmarch-isa (29-a). Olmarch-ucha -(SN 622- 5 5 1 )[61 + march (+ uchaf)]; [:>lmaz'IXa D. T. Evans] gives a name to that house. "

stone situated in Llanddewi Brefi parish'

Olmarch ycha 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Olmarch ucha 1 727 Llanllawddog MSS , Olmarch ycha 1 746 Crosswood

MSS,

Olmarch ycha

1 783PR Llanddewi Brefi,

Olmarch ucha

1 803map

J. Singer,

Olmarchichaf 1 823 Derry Ormond MS S, Olmarch-ganol OS 1 834, Olmarch ucha 1 845TMS, Olmarch­ uchaf OS 1 89 1

597

(36) PENNARDD Pant-y-crug -(SN 61 5-572)[pant + y + crug]; Pant-y-crug OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-crug OS 1 904, Heatherdene OS 1 982, Ffaugrug Workshops 1 992 leaflet The 1 982 form is a mistranslation of the Welsh name, confusing crug with grug. The 1 992 form is a mistranslation of that mistranslation, confusing -dene � OE. -denu 'valley' with OE. -denu one of whose meanings is 'a den, a wild beast's lair, a pit' [EPNE: 1 . 129-30]. Penbwlch-bach -(SN 596-572)[pen + y + bwlch (+ bach)]; [penbolz'ba:z Gr. Jones] Pen y Bwlch bach 1 81 5PR Betwslleucu, Penbwlch bach 1 81 8PR Betwslleucu, Pen-bwlch-bach OS1 891 Penbwlch-mawr -(SN 597-571)[pen + y + bwlch (+ mawr)] ; [pem'bolz, penbolz'mowr Gr. Jones] Buolch Bedw 1 727 CD 88, Pen y Bwlch 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Pen Bwlchbedw 1 773 Bronwydd MSS, Bwlch Bedw 1 773 Bronwydd MSS, Pen y Bwlch Fedw 1 788PR Llanddewi Brea Pen y Bwlch 1 79 l sur map, Penybwlch 1 802PR Llangeitho, Pen y Bwlch 1 803map J. Singer, Penybwlchbedw 1 8 1 0 Mynachdy MSS, Penbwlch-mawr 1 81 3 sur map, Pen y Bwlch OOS1 8 19, Penybwlch mawr 1 833PR Llangeitho, Penbylchau (coli.) > 1 836 in 1 979 J.R.Rees p. 1 0, Penbwlch Bedw 1 845TMS, Pen-bwlch-mawr OS 1 891 , Pen-bwlch 0Sc. 1 950, Penbwlchmawr OS 1 982 Pencnwc -(SN 609-580)[pen + y + cnwc]; [peg'knok E. Lloyd] Pen-cnwc O S 1 891 Penddisgwylfa -(SN 603-577)[pen + y + disgwylfa] ; [pen'skulva, for fun we children would say pen'skolka E. Lloyd] Pendisgwylfa 1 8 1 5PR Betwslleucu, Penysgwilfa 1 828PR Betwslleucu, Pendisgwylfa 1 845TMS, Pen­ disgwylfa OS 1 89 1 , Bryn Disgwylfa 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 24, Pen-disgwylfa OS1 904 The replacement of 'sgw 'lfa by sgwlca is a pun, as sgwlca means 'to raid (furtively), to sneak' in the local Welsh. It was said that crowds gathered here to in expectation (W. disgwyl) of the famed eighteenth­ century Methodist preacher Daniel Rolant [inf E. Lloyd] . Pendre -(SN 607-582)[pen + y + trefJ; Pendre OS 1 982 A recent house [inf]. Penrheol- ( SN 6 1 7-574)[pen + yr + heol] ; [pen'hrewl E. Lloyd] Penrheol OS 1 982 Pont-ar-Wy -(SN 601-580)[tn. Pont-ar-Wy]; Brynbedw cott 1 845TMS, Pont-Harry OS1 89 1 , Pont-ar-"Wy OS 1 904, Pont a'r Wy, (pn.) John Bridge and Egg als. John Lloyd c. 1 970 WFM MS 1 965/30 This name is likely to emulate that of an unlocated place on the river Gwy (E. Wye) in eastern Wales. PwU-y-badell - ( SN 581 -572)[pwll + y + padell]; [pol1 836 in 1 979 J.RRees p. 1 0

Brynhaul -(SN 6 1 0-606)[bryn + haul] ; Bryn Haul OS 1 982

Brynhir -(SN 6 1 6-630) [bryn + hir] ; Brynhir 1 747 Mynachdy MS S, Brunhir 1 77 1PR Llangeitho, Brin Hir 1 794PR Llangeitho, Bryn-hir OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-hir OS1 904

Brynmanod -(SN 597-639)[bryn + tn. [Llyn] manod (40-h)] ; [brm'man�d J. R Rees] Bryn-fanod OS 1 89 1 , Brynmanod O S 1 904

Brynteg -(SN 6 10-604) [bryn + teg] ; [br�n'te:g

M. James]

Bryn-t 1 836 in 1 979 J.R Rees p. 1 0, Penuch Chapel 1 8451MS, Penuwch Chapel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 55 1 , Meth. Chap. (Calv.) OS 1 89 1 , Penuwch c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel Penuwch O S 1 904, Capel Penuwch 1 990 E. Jones p.20 b. 1 8 1 7 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 551] ; b. c. l 8 1 5 [ 1 979 J. R. Rees: 56] ; reb. l 83 7 as a schoolhouse [ 1 851Rel cens.: 55 1 ; 1 904 J. Evans: 1 24] ; reb. 1 83 9 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 25) ; became an independent chapel in 1 844 [ 1904 J. Evans: 1 24] ; 1 867, improved 1 888 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 25] . Carregfran -(SN 5 96-630)[carreg + y + bran] ; [kareg 'vra:n, now kri:d�'rawel J. R Rees] Pant y Fran, Carreg y Faen 1 845TMS, Pant-y-fran, (c) Garreg-y-fran (prox.) 1 859Encl map Llangeitho, Craig-y-fdin OS 1 89 1 , Careg-y-fran O S 1 904

Cefn Llangeitho -(SN 620-6 1 2)[cefn + tn. Llangeitho (40-a)] ; [keven M James] Tythyn Keven Llangytho 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tythyn Keven Llangitho 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol. 25 p. l 6, Tir Keven Llangeitho 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Keven Llangeitho 1 76 1 Bronwydd MSS, Cefn-

626

(40) PENNARDD llangeitho

1 770PR Llangeitho, Kefen Llangeitho

1 774PR Llangeitho, Ceven Llangeithio

1 777PR

Llangeitho, Cefen Llangeitho 1 79 1 sur map, Cefen 1 80 1PR Llangeitho, Cefn Llangeitho OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn Llangeitho O S 1 834, Cefenllangitho 1 83 9TMS, Cefn-llangeitho OS 1 89 1 , Cefn Farm O S 1 982

CefnUwyn

-(SN 603-596) [cefn + y + llwyn] ;

[keven'lujn A. Davies, M. James]

Cefn-ll"Wyn O S 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1 -1 904

Cefnrynn

(OS1891 ; OS1 904).

-(SN 605-596)[cefn + yr + ynn] ;

[keven'r�n A. Davies]

Tir Keven yr Ynu 1 63 0 F. Green MS S vol.25 p. 1 6, Keven yr Ynn 1 63 3 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Keven yr Ynn 1 684 Bronwydd MS S, Ceverun 1 77 1 PR Llangeitho, Cefn Rhyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefnyrynn 1 824PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Cefenryn 1 832PR Llangeitho, Cefn yr Ynn 1 845TMS , Cefn-yr-yn 1 800Vz Nanteos fpls . , Cefn-yr-yn O S 1 891

Church House -(SN 620-600)[E.

church + house] ;

Cottage O S 1 89 1 , Church House O S 1 904

Cilcert

-(SN 606-6 1 1 ) [cil + ? ];

[krl'kert A. Davies, M. James, J. A. Hopkins, J. R Rees]

Kilkert 1 746 Crosswood MS S, Cilcert 1 793PR Llangeitho, Cilcwrt (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Cilcert O S 1 834, Kilkert 1 83 9TMS, Cil-cert O S 1 89 1

Cilcert (46-a). Cilfachgwyddyl -(SN 6 1 7-6 1 8) [cilfach + y + gwyddel] ; [grlvax,'gwmil M Cf

James]

Gilvach y Gwyddil 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Cilfach y Gwiddil 1 779PR Llangeitho, Cilfach Gwiddil 1 783PR Llangeitho, Gilvach Gwitithl 1 8 1 6PR Llangeitho, Cilfach y Gwythil 1 8 1 8PR Llangeitho, Cilfach Gwyoil 1 83 6PR Llangeitho,

Gilfachygwiddil 1 839TMS, Gilfach-gwyddel OS 1 89 1 , Gilfachgwyddil

O S 1 904

Cilrhyg -(SN

609-59 1 )[cil + y + rhyg] ;

[krl'ri:g E. Lloyd, A. Davies, grl'hri:g E. Lloyd, g rl'ri:g M. James] & J.Davies p. 50, Cilurhyg

o Gilyrug c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 28, Killyrhig 1 695 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston

1 695 Coleman MS 1 64, Kilrheeg 1 760CF, Cilrig 1 7 8 1 sur map, Cilrug 1 79 1 sur map, Kiln1g als. Keelrhug 1 809 Derry Ormond MS S, Cilrhug OOS 1 8 1 9, Cilreeg 1 820PR Llangeitho, Cil-rhyg O S 1 834, Cilryg 1 845TMS, Cil-rhyg (Sawmill) O S 1 89 1 , Cil-rhyg 0Sc. l 95 0

Cloth Factory -(SN 634-621 ) [E.

cloth + factory];

Cloth Factory OS 1 89 1 Near Rhyd-y-pandy (40-a).

Clunbuarth

-(SN 624-608)[clun + y + buarth] ;

[ghn'biar9, br�IJ'gla:s M James]

Clfm y Buarth 1 78 8PR Llangeitho, Clin y Buarth 1 79 1 sur map, Clyn y Buarth 1 8 1 8 Glansevin MSS , Glynbyarth 1 824PR Llangeitho,

Cl)rn-bfiarth 1 83 0PR Llangeitho, Clynbuarth 1 83 1PR Llangeitho,

Clynybyarth 1 837PR Llangeitho, Clynbiarth 1 83 9TMS, Glyn-buarth O S 1 8 9 1 , Glyn-buarth 0Sc. 1 950, Bryn Glas O S 1 982

Cnwc-y-march

-(SN 596-632)[ cnwc + y + march] ;

Cnwcky Farch, Cnwc y March 1 845TMS, Cnwck-y-margh 1 859Encl map Llangeitho, Cnwcymarch 1 875sur. landowners p. 1 4, Cnwc-y-march OS 1 8 9 1 This i s near Llynmarch

(40-b).

-(SN 599-6 1 9) [ ? + llechwedd] ;

Comonllechwedd

Commonllechwedd 1 826PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Common Llechwedd cott. 1 845TMS, Comon-llechwedd 1 990 E . Jones p.25 The word

comon

is only used adjectively with its pejorative English meaning in Cardiganshire Welsh, on

the other hand the English noun

comon

common(s)

cwmins or comins. If llechwedd to lenite, e.g. * Comonlechwedd. As it name with comon unusually meaning 'common-land';

'common-land' is always expressed by

in this name was the adjective one would expect

stands comon seems to be a hybrid English-Welsh cf Cymanfynydd (47-a). Cottage Pare -(SN 600-589)[E.

cottage + tn. Parc[rhydderch]

(40-a)];

Cottage-pare OS 1 89 1 The order of the elements here is Welsh.

Crud-yr-awel -(SN 620-612) [crud + yr + awel] ; [kri:d�r'awd M

James]

Crud-yr-awel OS 1 982

Crynllwyn-bach

-(SN 603 -624)[crwn + llwyn (+ bach) ] ;

Rees]

627

[kr�nlujn' ba:x J. A. Hopkins, kr:mlun'ba:x J. R

(40) PENNARDD Crynllwyn bach 1 79 5PR Llangeitho, Croenllwm bach 1 8 1 3PR Gwnnwys, Croenllwm bach 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Crynllwyn bach 1 83 9TMS, Cron-llwyn-bach OS 1 89 1 , Cryn-llwyn-bach OS 1 904

Crynllwyn-mawr -(SN 603-622)[crwn + llwyn (+ mawr)] ; [kranlnjn'mowr J. A Hopkins, kr�nlun'mowr J. R. Rees] Crynllwyn 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Crwnllwyn 1 760CF, Cryn Llwyn maur 1 778PR Llangeitho, Croenllwm 1 81 3PR Llanafan, Cron Llwyn O S 1 834, Croenllwm, Crynllwn 1 83 7PR Llangeitho, Crynllwynmawr 1 83 9TMS, Croenllwyn mawr 1 845TMS, Ty'n-llwyn-mawr OS 1 8 9 1 , Cryn-llwyn-mawr OS 1 904 The pronunciation kr�nlnn is unexpected, though attested as early as 1 8 1 3 by the popular etymology

croenllwm 'threadbare'. This popular etymology could have been aided by the same vocalic confusion apparent in central Cardiganshire toponyms between bryn bran and bron br�n. Cwmaeron -(SN 627-609)[cwm + hn. Aeron] ; Cwm-aeron OS1 89 1

Cwmclyd -(SN 6 1 4-605)[cwm + clyd] ; Cwm Clyde 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S , Cwmclyd 1 779PR Llangeitho, Cwmclud 1 790PR Llangeitho, Cwm Clud 1 79 1 sur map, Cwm Clyd OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwmclyd 1 83 9TMS

Cwmrefail -(SN 6 1 0-606)[cwm + yr + efail] ; [knm'revel A. Davies, M James] Cwm-yr-efail OS 1 89 1 , Cwm'refail 1 906 J.J.Morgan p. 1 74, Brynhaf inf Cwmgwenyn -(SN 6 1 8-607)[cwm + y + gwenyn] ; Cwmgwenyn 1 770PR Llangeitho, Cwm Gwenin 1 791 sur map, Cwmgenyn 1 797PR Llangeitho, Cwm Gwenen OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-gwenyn OS 1 834, Cwm-gwenyn-geitho OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-gwenyn OS 1 904

Cwm-melyn -(SN 630-62 1 )[cwm + melyn] ; [kum, kum'melm, kum'elm M. James] Cwm Melin 1 744 Alltlwyd MSS , Cwmelyn 1 802PR Llangeitho, Cwm Melyn 1 8 1 4PR Llangeitho, Cwm Melin OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwmmelin 1 824PR Llangeitho, Cwm-melin O S 1 834, Cwmelyn 1 839TMS, Cwm-felin OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-melyn OS 1 904

Cwrt-mawr -(SN 620-62l )[cwrt + mawr] ; [knrt'mowr M. James] Courtmawr 1 760CF, Kwrtmaur 1 775PR Llangeitho, Cwrtmawr 1 778PR Llangeitho, Court-mawr 1 797PR Llangeitho, Court mawr 1 803map J. Singer, Cwrt mawr OOS 1 81 9, Cwrtmawr 1 845TMS, Cwrt­

Y Cwrt-mawr 1 963 T.I.Ellis p. 22 Dolaeron -(SN 61 6-598) [dolau + hn. Aeron] ; [do:l'ejr�n M. James] Doleayron ? 1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Dolau Aeron O S 1 834, Dolayron 1 83 2PR Llangeitho, Doleairon mawr OS 1 89 1 , Cwrt-mawr + Cwrt Farm O S 1 904,

1 839TMS, Dol-aeron O S 1 891

Dolau-bach -(SN 6 1 4-599)[dolau (+ bach)] ; [dole'ba:x M. James] T9n Dole bach 1 782PR Llangeitho, Dole bach 1 783PR Llangeitho, Do leu bach 1 787PR Llangeitho, TYil Dole bach 1 788PR Llangeitho, Dolau bach 1 83 9TMS, Tyndolanbach 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 554, Dolau-bach OS 1 89 1

-bach i s in opposition to Tyndolau (40-a). Dolebolion -(SN 61 4-633 )[d61 + yr + ebolion] ; [d�le'b�lj�n J. A Hopkins, dole'b�lj;:m J. R Rees] Dol-ebolion OS 1 89 1 , Dolaubolion in£ E.Evans Drovers Arms -(SN 596-628)[E. drovers + ' + arms] ; [dr�varz'arms J. A Hopkins, drovarz'armz als. pen,IWX 'haws als. glana'brm l R Rees] Penywch, Penywch Brewhouse 1 845TMS, Drover's Arms OS 1 89 1 , Drovers' Arms OS 1 904, 'old name' The

Meinigwynion 1 990 E. Jones p. 2 1

Meini-gwynion (40-a) is 2. 6km t o the s, it is possible that Drovers Arms was also named from it, o r had that name independently.

Dyffryn -(SN 596-626)[dyffryn] ; [dafrm J. A Hopkins] Dyffryn OS 1 891 Built by a Mr. Jones (t l 894) [ 1 907 J. Evans: 107] . Efail-fach -(SN 621 -630)[yr + efail + bach] ; [revel'va:x M. James] Ty-newydd O S 1 89 1 , Efail-ffich OS 1 904

Erw -(SN 620-608)[erw]; [eru'va:x + eru'vowr M. James] Erw 0Sc. l 950

Ffatri Bontgou -(SN 632-634)[ffatri + tn Bontgou (40-a)]; [fatri E. Evans] Pont-goy Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Pont-gou Woollen Factory OS 1 904

Ffosfelen -(SN 628-626) [ffo s + melen] ; [fo:s'velen M James] 628

(40) PENNARDD Ffos-felin OS 1 891 , Ffos-felen O S 1 904

Ffosffin

-(SN 609-640)[ffos

+ y + ffin] ;

Fosyffigin 1 83 9TMS, Ffos-ff'm OS 1 89 1 , Ffos-ffin 0Sc. 1 9 50

As this place lies below Gwaifign (40-a) and o n the boundary between the parishes of Llangeitho, Llanddewi Brefi, and Llanbadarn Odyn both Ffos-y-fign and Ffosjfin are suitable names.

Ffoslas

-(SN 599-625) [ffos

+ glas] ; [fo:s'la:s J. R Rees]

Foes-llaes 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Foslas 1 83 9TMS, Ffos-las OS 1 89 1 , Ffoslas 1 990 E. Jones p. 25

Ffynnongeitho

-(SN 6 1 9-6 1 7) [ffynnon + pn. Ceithio] ;

[f�D:liJ,gej(b'i·sa M. James]

Funon Geitho 1 8 1 6PR Llangeitho, Ffynnon Geitho OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffynnon Geitho O S 1 834, Ffynnon-geitho

in£ E.Evans [ 1 984 CN 20/07/84: 1 4] that one of two wells may be referred to : 1 ) one on the side of Troedrhiwfelen (40-a) house at SN 620-6 1 6; 2) and one between Troedrhiwfelen and Pen/an (40-a) at SN 620-61 5, though the contributor could not fmd traces of it. E. Gruffydd [ 1 997: 21 ] notes it came from a OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon Ceitho 1 984 CN 20107184 p. 1 4, Ffynnongeithio

A contributor noted

rock and flowed into the nearby stream, covered by a slab resting upon two stones, though these were removed to

Ffynnongoch

F.fynnonbedr(i) (23-a) before 1 800. [f�n:m'go:x J.

-(SN 5 98-622)[ffynno n + coch] ;

R Rees, J.

A Hopkins]

Ffynnon Goch 1 845TMS, Ffynnon-goch OS 1 89 1 , Siop Ffynnon Goch 1 985 Barcud n. 96

Fron -(SN

605-623 ) [y + bron] ;

[vr:m M. James]

Tythyn y Fron, Llwydwen, Tythyn y Fron Llwydwen 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6, Vron 1 83 9TMS, Glan-brenig O S 1 8 9 1 , Fron O S 1 904

Fronfelen - ( SN 6 1 7-61 2) [y + bron + melen] ; Fronfelen 1 797PR Llangeitho, Bron Felin OOS 1 8 1 9, Fronvellen 1 829PR Llangeitho, Bron Velyn O S 1 834, Fronvelen 1 839TMS, Fron-felin O S 1 891 , Fron-felen O S 1 982

Fronheulog -(SN 6 1 2-594)[y + bron + heulog] ; [vr:m'hejbg M

James]

Fron-haul OS 1 89 1 , Fron-heulog O S 1 904

Garllygest -(SN

6 1 4-6 1 7) [ ? ] ;

(kar'l�gest M. James]

Galley Gast 1 727 CD, Garllyges 1 760CF, Garlligest 1 783PR Llangeitho, Garllygest 1 797PR Llangeitho, Garlligest 1 808 REvans MSS,

Cae'r Llygest 1 8 13PR Llangeitho, Garlligest 1 8 1 9PR Llangeitho,

Caerllegest OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty newydd Garlligest 1 828PR Llangeitho, Caerllegest O S 1 834, Caerllygest 1 839TMS,

Cae'r-llegest

OS 1 89 1 ,

Gaerlluest

1 903

Cymru vo1.24 p. 224,

Caerllugest O S 1 904,

a

Chaerllugaist 1 979a E. Jones p. 29 The initial consonant of this toponym - to which I have no satisfactory explanation - seems to be lenited, judging by the medieval two forms of the original name of Betwsifan

(7-a) which seems to be identical: Betuskarleugi > 1 227( 1 3 08), Karlighest > 1 27 1 ( 1 324). I believe it probable that the name Gwaun Garllygest (33-b) is named after this place, though it may be independent. Though I have chosen Garllygest as the form of the name, it may well prove to have been Garlligest or Garllugest ( all lenited, of course). These names remind one of W. garlleg 'garlic' (L. Allium sativum), and not 'wild garlic' (L. Alium ursinum) which is always crafin Welsh. However garlleg was borrowed from ME . garlec [GPC s.v. garlleg], and one has difficulty seeing it in such an early form as that of Betwsifan's original name, or in composition with the old suffix -an. It might be possible to connect the root carllyg- I carllig- 1 carllug­ to carleg 'heap of stones, patch of waste stony ground' which is a masculine noun, and has given names such as Y Carlegcoch and Y Carlegdu in Merionethshire (GPC s.v. carleg]. The possibility of the first element being caer 'fort' seems unlikely, as there are no apparent remains of fortifications around either Garllygest or Betwsifan. Judging from the earlier forms, neither earn 'stone-heap' nor cae 'hedge' seem at all likely. If we take the first syllable to represent an (unknown) element, * llygestl* llugest may prove to be a derivative of llyg 'shrew, field-mouse' (with the collective suffix -es, as in broches, buches, dafates?), or llug 'light' ( cf llugas 'light, radiance') . The form evident in the nineteenth-century OS forms is to be disregarded, containing the unlikely llegest 'lobster', was in any case a dictionary word, borrowed by mishap from an Old Cornish vocabulary which had been appended to Welsh material during the Middle Ages. Another name which at first sight seems to contain the root carllyg- I carllig- I carllug- is Garllegan (Meidrum, Carms.), Maynor Carllegan 1 692, but was Kyllegan ' in 1 326 [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: xxii, 6970] . The appearance of an epenthetic consonant before medial [-1-] is attested in a number of Welsh words, e.g. gorllewin +-- gollewin, and the contrary cluster simplification in arllwys � sW. allwys. It has happened with gerllyg a variant of gellyg, the meaning of which is probably 'wild-pears' (L. Pyrus

629

(40) PENNARDD pyraster) as the term pers - loaned from English - is the usual Cardiganshire word for 'pears' (L. Pyrus communis) (cf gellyg y mach 'earth-nut' (L. Conopodium majus). The word cerllig in southern Cardiganshire may be thought to be connected with Garllygest, but it appears to be a slightly irregular development of callodr (pl. cellydr) [GPC s.v. callod] ; the epenthetic [-r-] appearing in forms of Y Gallodr (E. Cartlet, Llanrhian, Pembs.), Callod 1 8 1 5, Carllod 1 83 5 ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 241 ] . It is unlikely that either variant of gellyg or cellydr with a medial [ -r-] were in existence as early as the twelfth century, a precondition for equating them with the two Garllygest. Gamwen -(SN 601 -63 2) [y + earn + gwen] ; [garn'wen J. R Rees] Pen y Garn Wen (sic loc. ) OOS 1 821 , Pen-y Garn Wen OS 1 834, Garnwen 1 845TMS, Garn-wen OS1 891 , Garnwen 1 85 9Encl. map Llangeitho

Gilfachgoch -(SN 628-634)[y + cilfach + coch]; [gilvaz M. James, M. Harries] Gilvachgoch 1 760CF, Gilfach Goch 1 772PR Llangeitho, Gilfach Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Gilfach Goch 1 839TMS, Gilfach-goch OS 1 89 1

Glanaeron -(SN 625-608)[glan + hn Aeron] ; [glan'ejr;:,n M . James] Glan-aeron OS1 891

Glancadwyn -(SN 6 1 4-600)[glan + hn. Cadwyn]; [glan'kadon M. James] Glan-cadwyn 1 81 4PR Llangeitho, Glancadwn 1 824PR Llangeitho, Glan-cadwyn Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Glan-cadwn Factory OS 1 904, Glan-cadwn OS 1 982 Glandwr -(SN 61 2-595) [glan + y + d\Vr] ; [g lan'du:r M. James] Glandwr 1 792PR Llangeitho, Glan-d\Vr OS 1 891

Glanmanod - (SN 598-643)[glan + tn. [Llyn]manod (40-b)] ; Glan-fanod OS 1 89 1 , Glan-manod OS 1 904, Glanllynfanod ? inf. E. Evans

Graigwen -(SN 6 1 0-635 )[y + craig + gwen] ; Graigwen 1 829PR Llangeitho, Graigwen 1 839TMS, Gareg-wen OS 1 89 1 , Gareg-wen OS 1 904, (pn.) Danny Graig 1 986 Barcud n. 1 06 Gronwen -(SN 6 1 0-620)[y + cron + gwem] ; Cronllwyn OS 1 89 1 , Gronwen OS1 904 Gwarfign -(SN 608-639)[gwar + y + mign] ; Gwarffigin 1 839TMS, Gwarfigin 1 84 1 cens . , Gwar-wigyn OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-figyn OS1 904, Gwarbigyn 1 990 E .Jones p. 1 2

Gwarllethr -(SN 6 1 1 -63 6)[gwar + y + llethr] ; [gwar'le8er J . A . Hopkins] Gwarllether 1 83 9TMS, Gwar-llethr OS 1 89 1 Refers t o Llethrwallast (40-a).

Gwarllyn -(SN 592-637)[gwar + y + llyn]; [gwar'lan A. Davies, J.

R Rees]

Gwaryllyn 1 845TMS, Gwarllyn 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, Gwar-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Gwarllyn 1 979 J.RRees p. 1 8

Henbant -(SN 597-6 1 2) [hen + pant] ; [hembant J.

R Rees, A. Davies]

Henbant 1 774PR Llangeitho, Hen Pant OOS 1 8 1 9, Henbant 1 845TMS, Henbant OS 1 891 Henbant-fach -(SN 597-625) [hen + pant (+ bach)] ; [hembant'va:z J. R Rees] Henbant bach 1 823PR Llanbadam Odyn, Henbant Fach 1 845TMS, Henbant-bach OS 1 891

Llangeitho -(SN 620-600)[1lan + pn. Ceithio] ; [lag'gi8;:, in£ ] Lankethau 1 284 CalChartR p. 275, Lankeythau 1 299 CalPR p.405, 'Llan ryrnusaf goethaf Geithaw' fl. 1 33 0 Casnodyn in 1 968 D.H.E.Roberts p. 84, Llangeytho 1 40 1 ERSt-David p. 21 8, Llangeithoc 1 486 ERSt-David p. 452, Llangeyth 1 53 5 VE p. 396, Ll. Geithion c. 1 566EPC, Llangytho 1 573 Bronwydd MSS, Llangeitho 1 586 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llingeitho 1 587 Crosswood MSS, Ll. Geithon 1 590-91EPC, Llangithio 1 592 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 1 8, Llangithoe 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 95 5 ) p. 1 98, Llangitho 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6, Llangitho 1 727 CD, Llangaytho 1 734 Bronwydd MSS , Llangay 1 758 Bronwydd MSS, Llangatho 1 778 Crosswood MSS, Llan Geitho 1 799EPC, Llangeitho OOS 1 8 1 9, Llangeithio 1 869 B.Williarns p. 67, Llangeitho, St. Ceitho's Church (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 The name, which originally referred solely t o the church at this site, has, since the early nineteenth century, also been used for the neighbouring village, across the river Aeron in Gwynfil (e), which was originally called Capelgwynfil. The name Ceithio appears to be formed from the noun cath, and the suffix -io, OW. -iau. Because of the presence of the diphthong P. 6 Riain's supposition [1 994: 388] that the suffix is -o is patently incorrect, otherwise we would have the form *Catha, which be present in the

630

(40) PENNARDD parish name of Llangaffo als. Merthyrcaffo (Angl.) (the medial rather than expected medial being imputable to a variation evident in already in MW. , cf. OW. binfic, MW. benffyc benthyg). M Richards [ 1 967-70: 1 1 1], however, connects Caffo to the ca.ff- in the vn. caffael 'having'. A cognate of *Catho seems to be Kazou, a Breton saint whose name is found in the toponyms Boskao (F. Boqueho, Cotes­ d'Armor), Botgadou 1 1 98, Bocahou 1220, Bocazou c. l 330, Bothcazou 146 1 ; Botcazou (Cavan, Cotes­ d'Armor); Langazou (Minihy-Treguier, Cotes-d'Armor); and Saint Gueyzou als. Kasou 1 3 3 0 [1 992 B. Tanguy: 26] . The pronunciation of Pardon Zant Kazaou of a religious ceremony in Kerpert (Cotes-d'Armor) [p.c. H. Ll. Hrunpbreys] , implies, as do the older spellings of the Breton name, the OB. sufftx -ou (= OW. -o suffix, cf. , B. aotrou, W. athro). It must be stressed that the Welsh -o suffix (= B. -ou sufftx, is not the -io suffix without a jod, as this latter derives from OW. and OB. -iau. In Ceithio's case, as in Cathen (of Llangathen and Cetheiniog, Carms. ), as well as B. Kazou, it is likelier that the initial element is W. cath 'cat' [ 1967-70 M. Richards: 1 12] , than I. cath (cognate with W. cad 'battle, army') [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 388], which in Welsh has given the name Ceidio (SH 28-38, Caems.), Rhodwyddgeidio als. Ceidio (SH 40-85, Angl.). P. 6 Riain's equation [1 994: 388] of Ceithio as a hypocoristic form of saint Cadog's name appears far-fetched. It is possible, again, that Ceithio may have a Breton cognate in the saint's name Kijo (cf. B. Zant Kirio [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 327], W. pn. Ceirio), whose name is found in Sant Kijo (Carhaix-P1ouguer, Finistere), Sancti Kigawi 1 08 1 -84 [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 49]; Saint Quijeau (Lanvenegen, Morbihan); Santez Kijo, and Roskijo (Poullaouen, Finistere). Unfortunately, due to the widespread palatalisation of certain contexts, it is impossible to discern between OB. * Citiau - cognate with W. Ceidio, and OB. *Cithiau cognate with W. Ceithio, as both would have given MnB Kijo. B. Tanguy [1 990: 49] rightly rejects J. Loth's correction [1 908: 244] of the OB. saint's name Citawe to *Citiawe (making it an ancestor of MnB Kijo), as the jod-less form is also found in another medieval manuscript as Sanctus Quidavus, and has resulted in the present-day Langido (P1ovan, Finistere), and Saint Quideau (Loctudy, Finistere). However, it is still possible that the Breton Kido is a variant of Kijo which lost its jod very early, so that the original [-d-] did not palatalise, as with Kijo. There is hardly any evidence for loss of internal jod in Breton, and if there is, it cannot have been a regular feature as Kijo represents the usual Breton reflex of older [-dj-], viz W. cydio, B. keja; W. neidio, B. nijal; W. eidion B. ejen; B. terzien � L. tertiiinus, which would have given W. * teirthion. However examples of loss of medial jod in Breton words exist, e. g. kristen (W. cristion, L. christiiinus), and might be present in the form of the saint's name Tela in Landelo (Finistere) [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 102-03], pronounced lon 'de·lo locally in Breton; Montertelot (Morbihan), Montertelo 1 330 [1995 E. Vallerie: 1 2 1 ] ; and Saint Thelo (Cotes-d'Armor). If we can trust the earliest form of the latter - San Theliaut 1 1 82 [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 3 1 1 ] - then we seem to have the same phenomenon of loss of jod as with Kido � OB. *Citiau. Note that the jod is present in the name in Pledeliac (Cotes-d'Armor), Pledeliau 1 2 1 9 [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 174] which is assuredly the cognate of W. Teilo, OW. Teliau. Even though I do not pretend to have demonstrated conclusively that there was occasional loss of medial jod in Old or Middle Breton, I believe the identification of Kido with Kijo remains credible, because of other facts: 1 ) I do not think there is an OBW. -au suffix in personal-names, as opposed to the well-attested OBW. -iau hypocoristic suffix (though there is evidence in a later - and different - MB . hypocoristic suffixes with -ou and -iou). If this proves correct the -au sufftx attested in older forms of Kido, must prove to be irregularly developed from older -iau. 2) I do not know of an element *cit that has given rise to personal-names in either OBW. (though one might perhaps consider W. ced 'gift', cyd 'a joining'). If the identification of the B . pn. Kido Kijo is accepted, then Kijo - which I have suggested might be a Breton cognate of Ceithio - is in fact a cognate of Ceidio, and Llangeitho stands unique as a preserver of the name Ceithio. G[wyl] Geitho, abad a chonffessor on the fifth of August [1 500¥2 Dem.Ca1end.] ; he was also one the five saints of Llanpumsaint (Carms.) [ 1967-70 M. Richards: 1 12], along with Gwynn, Gwnno, Gwnnoro and Kelnyn [1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.] . Church reb. 1 8 1 9 [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 2.33] . Llannercbgoch -(SN 599-608)[llannerch + coch] ; [ianar8'go:x; A Davies, ianerx;'go:x M. James] Llanerch Goch 1 760CF, Llanarth Goch 1 773PR Llangeitho, Llanarth Goch 1 830PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Llanarth Goch >1 836 in 1 979 J.RRees p. l2, (c) Gwar Llannerch Goch 1 845TMS, Llanerch-goch OS1 891 Cf Dolau-llannerch (C1ydai, Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs: 374], Dole Llannarth [1 759 Bronwydd MSS] , Dolellanarth ( 1759 G. E. Evans: 7] , Dol Llanerch, 'corruptly called' Dol Llanerth [ 1 8I O R. Fenton: 266]. Llethrwallast -(SN 6 1 3-636)[llethr + y + gwarllost] ; Llether y Wallast 1 821PR Llangeitho, Tan'lan-las OS 1 834, Llether Gwarlas 1 839TMS, Schoolroom 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, Llethr OS1 89 1 �

-

.

.

�

63 1

(40) PENNARDD The forms of 1 821 and 1 839 point to dialectal realisations of gwarllost 'yoke-pin, bow-pin; linchpin', which is found as gwellast in south-western Wales, which developed from a form such as gwallast, which is found in 1 800 in a proverb cadw 'r wallaes a cholli 'r cwlltwr 'keeping the linchpin, but losing the coulter' [GPC s.v. gwarllost], which is equivalent to the English saying 'winning the battle, but losing the war'. Llethrwernen -(SN 600-628)[llethr + y + gwemen] ; [le·9er'wernen J. R Rees] Lletherwernen 1 839TMS, Llethr-wernen OS 1 891 Llety-pannwr -(SN 599-628)[llety + yr + pannwr] ; Llettyr-panwr 1 829PR Llangeitho, Llettyrpannwr 1 839TMS, Lletty-panwr OS 1 89 1 , Lletty'r-pannwr O S 1 904, Llety'r-panwr 1 985 Barcud n. 93 This may emulate Llety-pannwr (35-a). Llidiardau -(SN 596-629)[llidiardau] ; [hd'jardej J. A. Hopkins, hd'jarde l R Rees] Llidiardau 1 845TMS, Llydiartau OS 1 89 1 , Llidiardau OS 1 904 As this lay on the clawdd-mynydd in 1 845 it does probably not emulate Llidiardau (54-a). Llidiardmaengwyn -(SN 61 0-627) [1lidiard + y + maen + gwyn]; [hdjad'maiJgwm M. James, J. R Rees, hdjad ,mag'gwm J. A Hopkins, hdjad J. R Rees] Llidiad Main Gwynn 1 783PR Llangeitho, Llidiard Maengwyn 1 803map l Singer, Llidiad MangWyn. 1 820PR Llangeitho, Llidiart Maen Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Llydiad Man Gwyn 1 834PR Llangeitho, Llidiart Maengwyn 1 83 9TMS, o'r Llidiard Maengwyn 1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud n. 63, Llidiart-maengwyn OS 1 89 1 , Llidiard Maengwyn 1 984 CN 20/07/84 p. 1 4, o Lidiart Maen Gwyn 1984 J. R Rees p. 97 Refers to the gate at the mountain boundary (clawdd-mynydd). Lluest -(SN 605-626)[lluest]; [li·est J. R. Rees] Llfiast 1 820PR Llangeitho, Lluest 1 823PR Llangeitho, Lluest OS 1 834, Llyast 1 845TMS, Lluest Henbant 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n.62, Lluest OS 1 89 1 , Lluest-y-broga -(SN 609-625)[lluest + y + broga] ; 1iijesta'broga, maggwm'ho:l M . James] Llyest y Broga 1 81 7PR Llangeitho, Lluast-broga 1 823PR Llangeitho, Lluestybroga 1 827PR Lledrod, Lluest-y-broga OS 1 834, Llyast y Broga 1 839TMS, Lluest-y-broga OS 1 89 1 , Maen-gwyn Hall 0Sc. 1 950, i Luestgwyn 1 985 Barcud n. 92, i Luest-y-broga, Maengwyn Hal1 1 985 Barcud n. 93 Became Lluestgwyn then Maengwyn Hall after 1 921 [ 1985 Barcud: 92] . Lluestdebra -(SN 604-63 1)[1luest + f.pn. Debra] ; [iest'ebra J. A Hopkins, li·est'ebra, now g lan'wern J. R. Rees] Lluest Debora 1 783PR Llangeitho, Lluest Debora 1 83 9TMS, Llyestebra 1 85 9Encl. map Llangeitho, Lluest Debora 1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud n. 62, Lluest OS1 89 1 , Lluest-debra OS 1 904, Glanwern inf. J. A. Hopkins Lluest-y-gors(i) -(SN 620-632)(Gilfachgoch)[lluest + y + cors] ; [Hesta'g:lrs J. A. Hopkins] Llyest y Gorse 1 781PR Llangeitho, Llyast y Gors 1 795PR Llangeitho, Llyast y Gorse 1 839TMS, Lluest y Gors 1 845TMS, Lluest-y-gors OS 1 89 1 Lluest-y-gors(ii) -(SN 596-625)(Pen-uwch)[lluest + y + cors]; [ii·esta'g :lrs, now kaj'gla:s J . R . Rees] Llyestgors 1 809 Derry Ormond MSS , Llest y Gors 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Lluest y Gors OOS 1 82 1 , Llyast y Gors 1 83 9TMS Nantgwnllau, Lluest-y-gors OS1 891 , Caeglas OS 1 982 Lluestpwdel -(SN 597-624)[1luest + y + pwdel] ; Lluasty-pwdel 1 8 1 9PR Llangeitho, Lluest y Bwdel 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, Lluest y Pwdel 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Llyast y Pwdel 1 839TMS Nantgwnllau, Lluest y Pwdel 1 845TMS, Lluest-pwdel OS 1 89 1 , Glangwenffrwd O S 1 982 Lluestwen -(SN 598-6 1 9) [11uest + gwen] ; [li·est'wen J. R. Rees, lijest'gwm (id.) M. James] Lluasty Wen ychaf 1 824PR Llangeitho, Lluastwen 1 826PR Llangeitho, Lluestwen 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Lluest Wen 1 845TMS, Lluest y Waen als. Lluestwen 1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud n.62, Lluest­ wen OS 1 904, Lluestgwyn 1 985 Barcud n.93 Maesgolau -(SN 595-63 6) [maes + golau]; [mas'go·le J. R. Rees] Maes-goleu OS 1 891 I suspect this place of having been named after Maesgolau (25-a). Maesgwyn -(SN 597-622)[maes + gwyn] ; Maes-gwyn OS 1 891 , PO OS 1 982 Maesllydan -(SN 597-622)[maes + llydan] ; 632

(40) PENNARDD Maes Llydan 1 8451MS Maesllyn -(SN 601 -645)[maes + y + llyn]; [majslm'van:>d J. A. Hopkins] Maes-llyn OS1 89 1 , Maesllyn Fanod 1 990 E.Jones p. l l 2 Maesrhyg -(SN 63 1 -63 l)[maes + y + rhyg]; [majs'ri:g M Harries, ma:s'ri:g A. Davies, ma:sri:g 'vowr M. James, majsng 'vawr J. A. Hopkins] Maesrhyg 1 760CF, Maes y Rhig 1 78 l sur map, Maesrhyg 1 786PR Llangeitho, Maesrhug 1 789PR Llangeitho, Maesyrhyg 1 802PR L1angeitho, Maes Rhug 008 1 8 1 9, Maes-rhyg 081 891 Maesrhyg-fach -(SN 63 1 -628)[maes + y + rhyg (+ bach)] ; [ma:sri:g 'va:z M. James, majsng 'va:z J. A Hopkins] Maes-rhyg-fiich OS 1 834, Maes-rhyg-fiich OS 1 89 1 Marcwis -(SN 620-606)[E. marquis] ; [markwiS M. James] Markws 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Noble-marcw�s 1 83 0PR Llangeitho, Noble Markws 1 8391MS, Marquis 1 84 l cens., Marquis 1 881 Haul p.470, Marquis Cottage OS 1 891 Named because "Dim ond fod un dyn yn byw ynddo wedi cael y llysenw 'Marquis'. " [ 1881 Haul: 470]. Meini-gwynion -(SN 609-607)[meini + gwynion] ; [mejni A. Davies, M James] Mein Gwinion 1 774PR Llangeitho, Maenygwynion 1 783 Bronwydd MSS, Meini Gwinion 1 79 1 sur map, Meinigwynion 1 800PR Llangeitho, Maenigwynion OOS1 81 9, Maeni-gwynion OS1 834, Meini-gwynion OS 1 89 1 C£ Drovers Arms (40-a). Mountain Green -(SN 596-628)[E. mountain + green] ; [mownten'gri:n J. R Rees] Mountain Green 1 8451MS, Mountain Green OS 1 89 1 , Y Co-op 1 979 J.R Rees p.7, Garage OS 1 982 An inn-name [1 930 E. Edwardes : 1 3] . A Martin Holman built a house a little below, on Mountain Green's field, and decided to keep the old name [ 1 982 Barcud: 79] . Mowntan -(SN 61 0-63 1 ) [£. mountain] ; [mowntan J . A . Hopkins] Eisteddfodau 1 84 1 cens., Stafodau 1 8451MS, Mountain 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, (c) Peneisteddfodau 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n.63, Mountain Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Mountain OS 1 904 The old name appears to have been replaced by the anodine English description mountain, cf Mowntan (49-a); cf Blaenhafodau (40-a), Fjjmnonsteddfod (33-b). Nantmelyn -(SN 632-620)[nant + melyn]; Nant-y-felin OS1 89 1 , Nant-melyn OS 1 904 The confusion of melyn with me lin is understandable, not only because of the similarity of the two words, but because Nantmelyn lies just over lOOm away from Felin- isa (38-a). Ochresgair -(SN 601 -626)[ochr + yr + esgair]; [oz:>r'esker J. A. Hopkins, J. R Rees] Ochorysger 1 83 9TMS, Ochor Esger 1 84lcens. , Ochr-esgair 081 891 Pant-y-creigau -(SN 607-638)[pant + y + creigiau] ; [pant�'krejge J. A. Hopkins] Pantygraigau 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, Pant-y-creigiau OS1 891 Pantddafad -(SN 599-626)[pant + y + dafad]; [pant'�avad J. R Rees] Pantyddafad 1 839TMS, Pant-adda O S 1 89 1 , Pant-y-ddafad 081904, Pantddafad 1 91 3 J.Evans p.67, Pantddafad 1 990 E.Jones p.25 C£ Pantroen (40-a) 1 . 2km NE of this site. Pant-yr-esgair -(SN 604-629)[pant + yr + esgair] ; [ pant�'resker J. A. Hopkins] Pantyresker 1 839TMS, Pant-yr-esgair OS1 891 Pantglas -(SN 606-637)[pant + glas] ; Pant-glas OS 1 891 Pant-y-gourych -(SN 624-6 1 l) [pant + y + cau + rhych]; [pant�'g :>jnz M. James] (c) Penygoirich 1 791 sur map, Pantygoyrhych 1 824PR Llangeitho, Pantygourych 1 83 5PR Llangeitho, Pant-y-goirych OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-gourych OS1904 It would seem that pant is a reanalysis of an original pen, the original name meaning 'end of the hollow furrow'. It seems very unlikely that gourych stands for swW. ourych 'goldsmith', with a prosthetic wholly unattested in any other examples of eurych in toponymy. Pantgwyn -(SN 602-632)[pant + gwyn]; [pant'gwm J. A. Hopkins, J. R Rees] Pant-gwyn OS1 891 Pantrodyn -(SN 605-629)[pant + yr + odyn];

633

(40) PENNARDD Pantyrodyn 1 83 8TMS, Pantyrhodyn

??

1 875sur. landowners p . 1 , Pant-yr-odyn OS 1 89 1 , Pantrodyn 1 990

E.Jones p. 25

Pantroen

-(SN 593 -636) [pant + yr + oen] ;

Bron y Llyn 1 839TMS, Glanllyn 1 85 9Encl. map Llangeitho, Glan-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Pant-yr-oen OS 1 904,

?? 1 984 J. R Rees p. 1 23 , Pantroen, 1 990 E. Jones p . 2 5 Pantddafad (40-a). Parcau-gwynion -(SN 632-622)[parciau + gwynion] ; [parke M. James] Pantroen

Cf

Parke Gwynney 1 727 CD, Parke Gwinion 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Parkey Gwynion 1 760CF, Parke Gwynnion 1 78 1PR Llangeitho, Parkie Gwynion 1 78 1 sur map, Parke Gwynion 1 786PR Llangeitho, Parkau Gwinnion 1 79 1 sur map, Parkegwnion 1 797PR Llangeitho, Parkau OOS 1 8 1 9, Parcau OS 1 834, Parkeu 1 83 5PR Llangeitho, Parke 1 83 9TMS, Parcau-gwynion OS 1 89 1 , a'r Parcau Gwynion 1 93 8 R J . Thomas p. 1 24

Parcgwyn

-(SN 608-623)[parc + gwyn] ;

Park Gwyn 1 8 1 4PR Llangeitho, Pare-gwyn OS 1 834, Parkgwyn 1 839TMS, Pare-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Parcrhydderch

-(SN 600- 5 88)[parc + pn. Rhydderch];

[park'hra�erx, A .

Davies, M . James]

Tythyn Parke Rydderch ar Noyadd 1 5 56 Bronwydd MS S, o Bark Rydderch yn Glyn Aeron c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Tyr Parke Rudderch als. Tir Godre Parke Rudderch 1 633 Bronwydd MS S, Parkrutherch

1 662 Bronwydd MSS, Parkrhydderch 1 773PR Llangeitho, Park Rydderch 1 8 1 7PR

Llangeitho, Pare Rhydderch OS 1 834, Park Rhydderch 1 845TMS This name is thought to commemorate Rhydderch ab Ieuan Llwyd who held important office in late fourteenth-century Cardiganshire who gave his name to the important collection of Welsh texts called the White Book of Rhydderch (WBRh). He was a descendant of the twelfth-century

Ynysgweithfoed, 75-b),

Gweithfoed

(see sub

and his son who was associated with Genau'rglyn in the northern part of the

county was the direct ancestor of the important Pryse family of Gogerddan Rhydderch's brother was known as

Dwnn : 1 .27; 1 996 A P. Owen: 1 1 ] ,

(72-a) [ 1953 BC : 387] . David Park [1 352-53 in 1 939 BBCS: 1 0. 150], David or Park [c. 1 600 L.

which confirms the existence and probable coining of this name in the

fourteenth century. The term pare here may well have the meaning 'enclosed hunting ground', as was the fashion with the upper classes of the period.

Penrallt -(SN 62 1 -604)[pen + yr + allt] ; [pen'raU M.

James]

Penyrallt 1 822PR Llangeitho, Penrallt 1 839TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 891

Pencwm -(SN 608-593) [pen + y + cwm] ; Pen-cwm OS 1 89 1

Penddeintur -(SN 634-62 1 ) [pen + y + deintur]; [pen'�mtrr M .

James,

pen'mtJr M

Davies]

Penyddintir 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Penintir 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Penddintir 1 821 PR Llangeitho, Pen-ddintir OS 1 89 1 , Penddintir (Penintir) 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 253 This name is related to the nearby mills at

Rhyd-y-pandy,

and

Felin-isa (38-a),

the word

deintur

was a

feminine noun in central Cardiganshire, whereas it was a masculine noun in southern Cardiganshire, cf.

Cnwc-y-deintur (1 -a). Penforial -( SN 623 - 6 1 5) [pen + y + *morial] ; [pen'v;lrjal Penvorial

M. James]

1 77 1 PR Llangeitho, Penyforial 1 782PR Llangeitho, Pen y Vorial 1 783PR Llangeitho,

Penforrial 1 79 1 sur map, Penyvorial l 809 Derry Ormond MSS, Pen y Forial OS 1 834, Penforiel 1 83 1 PR Llangeitho, Penvorial 1 83 9TMS, Pen-forial O S 1 891 This is a very obscure and puzzling name (cf and lenition, imply

*morial

Penforial, 32-a) .

The positioner pen, as well as the article

is a common-noun, a lenited personal-name following pen would be rather

[c. 1 250 BBC : 36] , OI. Muirgal [1993 J. Uhlich: 282] , Ynyseidol (78-a). The name Penforial can be compared to Rhosfarial (SJ 1 0-52, LlanfwTog-rural, Denbs.), and to 'a Chaer Fowrial' [t1. 1485d L. Glyncothi: 38], identified [1995 D. Johnston: 525] as Castell-y-rhodwydd (SJ 1 7-51 , Llandegla, Denbs.) in the commote of Idl. The term idl has recently been criticised out of existence. Pengraig-fach -(SN 602-628)[pen + y + craig (+ bach)] ; [peggrajg 'va:x, J. R Rees] irregular, though there did exist a personal-name Maria! cf sub

Tanygraig fach 1 829PR Llangeitho, Tangraig fach 1 83 9TMS, Tangraig fach 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-graig-fftch OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig-fftch 0Sc. 1 950 The original

Penlan

tan

was reanalysed as pen, but the

-(SN 620-6 1 4) [pen + y + glan] ;

[pen'lan M.

:fach was in opposition to Tangraig(ii) (40-a). pe'lan J. R Rees]

James,

Penlan OS 1 89 1

634

(40) PENNARDD Penlan-fach -(SN 607-598)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)]; [peJan'va:z A Davies, M. James] Penlan fach 1 791 sur map, Penlanfach 1 791PR Llangeitho, Penllan vach 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Pen'-lan OS 1 834, Pen-lan-tach OS 1 891 Penlannoeth -(SN 600-629)[pen + y + glan + noeth]; Pen-lan-noeth OS 1 891 Penpistyll -(SN 598-621)[pen + y + pistyll] ; [pen'piSbi, pe'pishl J. A . Hopkins, pem'piStd J. R Rees] Pen-y-pistyll OS 1 891 Penrhiw -(SN 61 1 -604)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hnw M. James] Penrhiw 1 834PR Llangeitho, Pen-rhiw OS 1 891 Inexistent [ 1 791 sur map]. Penrhos -(SN 612-624)[pen + y + rhos]; [penr:-.s M. James] Pen Ros 1 832PR Llangeitho, Pen-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Pendros 1 924-26 CSRLS 40, Pen-rhos 0Sc. 1 950, Penrhos Paddocks OS 1 982 Pentop -(SN 596-637) [ ? L [pen'bp J. R Rees, J. A Hopkins, some say pant'ho: p J. R Rees] Pant-hope OS1891, Pant-hop OS1982, Pentop 1 990 E.Jones p.25 It is difficult to say whether Pant-hop or Pentop is the original name, it is amongst the highest group of houses in the parish; cf Pentop (SN 48-38, Llanllwni, Carms.; SH 78-50, Penmachno, Caems.). Pentre-du -(SN 597-621 )[pentref + du]; Pentredy 1 81 8PR Llangeitho, Pentre Du 1 845TMS, Pentredu 1 990 E.Jones p.20 Near where Capel Pen-uwch now stands, there were many peat ricks taken by lowland farmers from Gorsrudd "Felly yr oedd y lle y saif y capel a'r tir perthynol iddo a'r cae gyferbyn, sef Cae Tybach, ar amserau yn edrych yn ddu gan dasau mawn fel yr oedd teithwyr yn galw y lie yn bentref a'r cy a adeiladwyd gyntaf yn agos i'r fan a gafodd ei enwi felly, sef Pentre Du. " [>1 836 in 1 979 J. R. Rees: 1 0L " . . . o dir rhydd a elwid Pentredu. Gelwid y lie ar yr enw hwn, oblegid fod llawer o'r ffermwyr o'r tu allan i Langeitho, yn arfer codi tasau mawn ar y lle yn yr haf hyd nes y gallent gael amser i'w cyrchu adref, fel y byddai eu heisiau, yn y gauaf Yr oedd y tasau hyn mor aml, fel yr yrnddangosent yn fath o bentrej, ond ei fod wrth reswm yn ddu. " [1 904 J. Evans: 1 22] . PEN-UWCH -(SN 5 97-622)[y + pen + uwch] ; [pen'IWZ J. R Rees, J. A Hopkins] Penuwch 1 803map J. Singer, Penywch 1 81 3PR Llangeitho, Penuwch 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Mynydd­ bach ? 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Penuwch OOS 1 8 1 9, Penuwch 1 826PR Llanbadarn Odyn The meaning of Pen-uwch is not in doubt, it plainly refers to the highest end of the detached portion of the parish of Llanbadarn Odyn, cf the description the road from Llangeitho to Pen-uwch, " . . . fel pe byddai yn dringo grisiau un darn serth iawn, ac ar ei ol ychydig o wastad; yna rhiw fawr, a gwastad drache:fu. Pen ar y rhiw yw y darn gwastad. Mae Penuwch yn ddarn felly o'r ddaear; y pen sydd o'i flaen a elwir Pen Cilcert; ac wedi dringo rhiw aralL mae pen arall sydd yn uwch o un ris na phen Cilcert. A gan mai ar hwn y mae capel, gelwir ef o'r herwydd Penuwch, sef pen-uwch na phen Cilcert. [ 1 904 J. Evans: 1 21 ] . However, it is usual in Welsh to place a superlative grade of the distinguisher (E. -est), rather than the comparative form (E. -er), a practice that is, on the whole, contrary to that of English, cf E. lower, higher, upper, further, nearer in field-names, as opposed to W. isaj, uchaj, pella!, nesaf As a result in a Welsh place-name *Pen-ucha '(the) highest end' would be expected, not the actual Pen-uwch '(the) higher-end' (this consideration may explain the form Penuchaj, given Pen-uwch (62-a) through the hazy recollection of an author). The expected form exists - Pen-ucha (SJ 10-85, Caerwys, Flints.) - however, Pen­ uwch is not alone, as there are other examples of the name in Cardiganshire, viz Pen-uwch, att. 1 7 1 6 (62a); att. 1 753 (5-a); att. 1 83 1 (53-a); cf Pen-isa als. Ynysedwyn (78-a). The only well-attested use of the comparative form of the distinguisher in Welsh place-names is of the type, Uwch-Cell, Uwch-clawdd etc. , in this context uwch does not translate as 'higher', but as 'above', a rather obsolete meaning of uwch, which has been replaced by uwchlaw, and oddiar (o war) in present-day Welsh (note the incongruity of *Pen-uwchlaw or *Pen-oddiar in Welsh). The use of uwch 'above' as in Uwch-Cell, Uwch-clawdd etc. , seems to demand a referent which Pen-uwch (composed of positioner + distinguisher) does not seem to have, it may be that pen itself is the referent (and the passage of 1 904 quoted above suggests this), though pen meaning 'head' (rather than 'extremity, end') is extremely rare in Welsh toponymy, the only secure example in Cardiganshire being Pentew 'fat I thick head(-land)' (2-b) on the coast. The simplest explanation for the name Pen-uwch seems to be that it is a variant of Pen-ucha, which would be the expected Welsh form (note that in both Cornish and Breton, contrary to English practice, it is the u

635

(40) PENNARDD superlative grade that is employed for distinguishing purposes). Pen-uwch was named c. 1 772-92 [1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud: 26], and was starting to develop by 1 8 1 9 [oos 1819] . It - or part of it, the road between Lluest-y-broga (40-a) and Ysgol Pen-uwch (40-a) - had a nickname: Cefen Trueni "oedd enw fy mamgu ar y darn yma o ffordd lle nad oedd ar y cloddiau noeth ond ambell lwyn o ddraenen ddewr neu eithinen wedi medru gwrth-sefyll yr elfennau. " [ 1 985 Barcud: 93] . However, it seems likelier that Cefntrueni referred to the poverty of its inhabitants, cf. Llety'rglem, nickname of Cefnbrith (Denbs.) [inf] . Comprising: 1 ) Aberbrwynen, 2 ) Blaendyffiyn (41-a), 3 ) Blaengors (41 -a), 4) Blaenhafodau, 5) Blaenwaun (41-a), 6) Brynamlwg, 7) Brynglas (41-a), 8) Bryngwyn (41-a), 9) Brynhopgyns (41-a), 10) Cae-bach, 1 1) Cae'rmynydd (41-a), 1 2) Capel Pen-uwch, 1 3) Carregfran, 1 4) Cefucae (41 -a), 1 5) Cnwc-y-march, 1 6) Comon11echwedd, 1 7) Drovers Arms, 1 8) Dyffryn, 1 9) Ffoslas, 20) FfYnnongoch, 21) Frondeg(i) (41-a), 22) Fronheulog (41 -a), 23) Fronwen (41-a), 24) Gamwen, 25) Glanrhyd(i) (41 -a), 26) Glanrhyd(ii) (41-a), 27) Graig (41-a), 28) Gwarffynnon (41-a), 29) Gwynfiyn (41 -a), 30) Henbant-fach, 3 1 ) Llangronwy (41 -a), 32) Llethrwemen, 33) Llety-pannwr, 34) Llidiardau, 35) Lluestdebra, 36) Lluest-fach (41-a), 37) Lluest-y-gors(ii), 38) Lluest-y­ pwdel, 39) Lluestwen, 40) Llygad-dyffiyn (41-a), 41) Maesgwyn, 42) Maesllydan, 43) Mountain Green, 44) Mowntan, 45) Ochresgair, 46) Pant-y-creigau, 47) Pantddafad, 48) Pant-yr-esgair, 49) Pantgwyn, 50) Pantrodyn, 51) Pant-teg (41-a), 52) Pen-y­ banc(ii) (41-a), 53) Pencarreg (41-a), 54) Pencnwc (41-a), 55) Pengraig (41-a), 56) Pengraig-fach, 57) Penlannoeth, 58) Penllethr (41-a), 59) Penpistyll, 60) Penrhiw (41-a), 61) Pentre-du, 62) Plas-newydd, 63) Plow (41 -a), 64) Rhiwlas, 65) Rhydcerryg, 66) Rhydlas (41-a), 67) Rhydlwyd (41-a), 68) Tanbanc (41 -a), 69) Tancwarel (41 -a), 70) Tanfaher-fach (41-a), 71) Tanfalier-fawr (41 a), 72) Tanffordd, 73) Tanft:Ynnon (41-a), 74) Tangarn, 75) Troedrhiw (41-a), 76) Twrgwyn-bach (41-a), 77) Twrgwyn-mawr (41-a), 78) TY-bach, 79) TY-croes, 80) T)r Nansi DafYdd, 81) Tynbana1 (41-a), 82) Tynddraenen, 83) Tynffordd (41-a), 84) Tyngwndwn, 85) Tyngwndwn (41-a), 86) Tynwaun, 87) Ysgol Pen-uwch (41-a). Persondy -(SN 621 -602)[persondy] ; [per s : md i , now ej'r;,nva M. James] Vicarage {deleted, and replaced by Rectory House} 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Persondy OS1891, Aeron fawr OS1982 b.bet. 1 79 1 -1 834 [1 79l sur map; OS1834]; "The Rectory is largely built of stones taken from the floor of 'Persondu' wherein Daniel Rowland lived; and which was burnt down accidentally many years ago. " [1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 3 1] . Plas-newydd(i) -(SN 605-590)(Cilrhyg)[plas + newydd]; [pla:s'new16 M. James] Plas-newydd OS 1 891 Plas-newydd(ii) -(SN 596-627)(Pen-uwch)[plas + newydd]; [pla:s'neWIG J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees] Plas-newydd OS 1 891 , Tyfflat, 'now' Plasnewydd 1 990 E.Jones p.21 Rheithordy -(SN 6 19-600)[rheithordy] ; [hrej'(:brdi M. James] The Rectory OS 1 982 b.bet. 1 904-82 (OS1 904; OS1 982) . Rhiwlas -(SN 605-633)[rhiw + glas]; Rhiw-llys OS1891, Rhiwlas OS 1 904, Rhiwlas OS1982 Rhydcerryg -(SN 604-628)[rhyd + y + cerryg]; Rhydycerrig, Rhydygareg 1 8 1 4PR Llangeitho, Rhyd y Gerrig 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Ryd-cerrig 1 8 1 8PR Llangeitho, Rhydycerrig 1 83 9TMS, Rhydcerig 1 84 1 cens. , Rhyd-cerig OS 1 891 Rhyd-y-pandy -(SN 635-622)[rhyd + y + pandy] ; [hri:d�'pandi M. James] Rheed y Pandy 171 1 Crosswood MSS, Rheud y Pandy 1 760map E.Bowen, Rhydypandy 1 769PR Llangeitho, Melin Rhyd y Pandy 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Rhyd y Pandu 1 780PR Llangeitho, Pont Rhld y Pandy 1 78 1 sur map, Ryd y Pandu 1 784PR Llangeitho, Rhyd y Pandy 1 791 sur map, Rhydpandu Mill 1 795PR Llangeitho, Rhyd y Pandy 1 803map J. Singer, Rhyd y Pandy OOS 1 8 1 9, Felin Rhyd-y-pandy (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Melin Rhydypandy 1 967 E.Jones p. 59 Seisyllt -(SN 61 0-603)[pn. Seisyll (+ -t)]; [sisdt M James, (c) hriw'siSdt D. W. Jones] Llanarch Sissillt 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Sissillt 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Syssillt 1 775 Derry Ormond MSS, Sissillt 1 79 1 sur map, Sysillt OOS 1 8 1 9, Sysyll OS1 834, Sisillt OS 1 89 1 , Sissillt OS1904, (pn.) Dafydd Sisyllt 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 00, (c) Allt Cwm Sisillt (prox.) 0Sc. 1 950, Y Sisyllt 1 988 Barcud n. 1 29 TafammWt -(SN 600-589)[tafarn + ? ] ; [tavarn'mu:t M. James, sk�b:lr (prox.) M James] Tafarnmud 1 825PR Llangeitho, Tafarn y Mwd 1 825PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Tavarn Mwd 1 845TMS, Tafarn-mwt OS1 89 1 The length o f the vowel of mwt means that it has nothing t o do with mwd mod, mwt mot 'mud', which in any case is not much in use by the older Welsh speakers of south-western Wales for 'mud' (the words pwdel, llaca, !lacs, baw, being commoner). It could conceivably be an unrecorded variant of mwd 'vault', especially in the sense of a '(vaulted) cellar', GPC [ s.v. mwd] quotes a fifteenth-century line referring to a mansion "Ar y vric keric kwarel / Ac ynny vwd gwin nev veL" which agrees well with the referent tafam, and may be connected to nearby Parcrhydderch, which was an important mansion in the late medieval '

636

(40) PENNARDD times. It could conceivably be related to the E. moot 'assembly', found in toponymy at places where people assembled, and which sometimes lay on the junction of hundreds [ 1 993 J. Field: 235-36] , Tafammwt was adjacent to the boundary between the lordships of Pennardd and Llanddewi Brefi, and lay across the river Aeron from Llugenydd in Mebwynion, another lordship, in another hundred. Alternatively it could refer to a motte, cf Pen-y-mWd (Aber, Caems.), Tyn-y-mwd (Llandwrog, Caems.) [ 1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 42] . Talog -(SN 602-607)[talog] ; Talog OS 1 891 Ultimately talog seems to be a composition of tal 'forehead' + adjectival suffix -og, and it is found as a personal-name, probably originally an epithet, e.g. Ithell ap Talloc 1 391-93 (Chirk, Denbs.) [ 1 959 E. Davies: 147 ] , the Breton cognate taleg, as a surname means 'large forehead', as with all other such surnames composed of a body-part and the adjectival suffiX -eg, a meaning attested in Welsh by J. Davies (1 632) who glossed talog in Latin as amp/am habens frontem, frontatus [ 1928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 33 ] . We may compare this toponym to identical examples of Talog (SN 3 3-25, Abernant; SN 74-36, Seilo, Canns .), the unlocated Terra Taluc (Genau'rglyn commote) [ 1 277-80 in 1 897 R. A. Roberts: 124] , and Braichtalog (SH 60-67, Tregarth, Caerns.) - for the common noting of halog as talog in toponyms, see sub Rhydhalog (32-a). Whilst an epithet alone surviving as a place-name is not unknown (c£ Moelwyn, 55-a), the number of toponyms containing talog makes it likely that it has some topographical significance, though the exact meaning when referring to the topography is not known. Talwaun -(SN 603-600) [tal + y + gwaun]; [tal'wejn A Davies, M. James] Tallawine 1 809 Derry Ormond MSS, Tal-y-wayn 1 81 9PR Llangeitho, Talywain 1 822PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Talywaun 1 845TMS, Tal-y-waun OS 1 904 Tanrallt -(SN 6 1 3-60l)[tan + yr + alit] ; [tan'rait M James] Tanrallt 1 839TMS, Tan-yr-allt OS1 904, (fpn. ) Sara Tanrallt 1 988 Barcud n. 129 b.bet. 1 791-1839 [ 1 79lsur map; 1 8391MS] . Tancamwialen -(SN 590-639)[tan + earn + y + gwialen]; Tangarnwialen 1 845TMS Tanffordd -(SN 606-63 1 ) [tan + y + ffordd]; [tan'f:lr() J. A. Hopkins, J. R Rees] Tanyffordd 1 828PR Llangeitho, Tanyffordd 1 839TMS, Tanffordd 1 841 cens. , Tan-y-ffordd OS1 89 1 , Tanffordd 1 985 Barcud n. 93 Tanffynnon -(SN 61 3-630)[tan + y + ffYnnon] ; [tan'f�n;)n M James, J. R Rees] TanyffYnon 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Dan-y Ffynnon 1 821PR Llangeitho, Tan-y-ffYnnon OS1 834, Tanyfynonuchaf 1 839TMS, Tanfimon 1 841cens. , TanffYnonissa 1 845TMS, Tan-ffYnnon OS 1 89 1 Tan-y-gam -(SN 599-630)[tan + y + earn] ; [tang a:r'va:z ?? D. W . Jones] (c) Carn (prox.) OOS 1 821, Tan-y-garn OS1891 Tangraig(i) -(SN 627-61 1 )(Pant-y-gourych)[tan + y + craig] ; [tan'grajg M. James] Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 b.bet. 1 791-1 891 [ 1 791 sur map; OS1 891 ] . Tangraig(ii) -(SN 604-636)(Pen-uwch)[tan + y + craig]; Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Tanycreigiau (coli.) 1 985 Barcud n. 95 See Pengraig-fach (40-a). Towerhill -(SN 634-622)[E.tn. Towerhill] ; [tow�r'hd M. James] Tower Hill 1 828PR Llangeitho, Tower 1 839TMS, Tower 1 841 cens., Tower Hill OS 1 89 1 See Towerhill (1 3-a). Trafle -(SN 609-61 6)[ ? ]; [travle M James] Tyr y Trafle ar Krynvryn 1 585 Bronwydd MSS, Trafle 1 772PR Llangeitho, Trefle OOS 1 81 9, Trafle 1 839TMS, Trafle OS1 89 1 Refers to the confluence of streams near it; see Trajle (1 5-a). Trafle-ucha -(SN 608-61 9)[ ? (+ uchaf)]; Trafle bach 1 841cens., Trafle-uchaf OS 1 891 Troedrhiwfelen -(SN 620-6 1 6)[troed + y + rhiw + melen]; Troed-y-felin OS1891, Troedrhiwfelen OS1 904 Twnnan -(SN 60 1 -603)[tn. Twnnan (Denbs.)] ; [tu· n an M. James] T wnan OS 1 982

637

(40) PENNARDD This place seems to be named after Twnnan (SH 88-75, Llanelian-yn-Rhos, Denbs.), but note hn. Nant Dwnan (SH 938-185, Llangadfan, Monts.) ? +-- dwn + -an [ 1 986 G. G. Evans: 52] . Ty-bach -(SN 598-622)[tY + bach] ; Ty-bach OS 1 891 Ty'rbanc -(SN 6 1 7-627)[ty + yr + bane] ; Cwrt OS 1 89 1 , Ty'r Bane OS 1 904 Ty-croes -(SN 598-626)[ty + croes]; [ti·'kro:s J. R Rees] Tycroes 1 83 8TMS, Ty-croes OS1 891 Ty-gwyn -(SN 620-628)[ty + gwyn]; [ti'gwm M James] Ty-gwyn OS 1 89 1 In ruins [OS1904]. Ty-llwyd -(SN 607-638)[1)' + llwyd]; [ti'iujd M. James] Tyllwyd 1 83 9TMS, Ty-11-\Nyd OS1 891 Ty Nansi Dafydd -(SN 597-626) [ty + f pn. Nansi Dafydd] ; Ty Nancy Davydd 1 845TMS Tynclawdd -(SN 6 1 3-629)[tyddyn + y + clawdd]; (bg'klaw� M. James, J. R Rees] Tynyclawdd 1 797PR Llangeitho, Ty'n-y-clawdd OS 1 834, Tynclawdd > 1 836 in 1 979 J.RRees p. 1 0, Tynyclawdd 1 839TMS, Tynglawdd 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho Refers to the clawdd-mynydd. Tynddraenen -(SN 595-629)[tyddyn + y + draenen]; Ty'ndraenen 1 832PR Llangeitho, Tydrinen 1 83 9TMS Nantgwnllau, Tynyddreinen 1 845TMS, Ty'n­ ddraenen OS 1 891 Tyndolau -(SN 61 5-598)[tyddyn + y + dolau] ; [tm'do:le M. James] Tir Dole yr Henduy 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Ty'n y Dole 1 76 1 Bronwydd MSS, Tyndole 1 789PR Llangeitho, Ty'n y Dolau 1 791 sur map, Tynydole 1 839TMS, Ty'n-dolau OS 1 891 See Do/au-bach (40-a). Ty-newydd -(SN 609-634)[1)' + newydd]; [ti newi� J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees] Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Tyngwndwn -(SN 602-626)(tyddyn + y + gwndwn] ; Tynygwndwn 1 83 9TMS, Tyngwndwn OS 1 982 Tynwaun -(SN 597-625)[tyddyn + y + gwaun]; Tynywain 1 8 1 5PR Llangeitho, Ty'n-waun OS 1 89 1 Ty-ucha -(SN 61 9-61 7)[1)' + uchafJ; [f�n:liJ,gej(b'�xa M James] Ty uchaf OS 1 982 Wennalit -(SN 61 7-600)[y + gwen + allt]; [wenaH M James] Wenallt 1 669 Bronwydd MSS, Weenalt 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Wenallt 1 791 sur map, Wenallt OOS 1 8 1 9, Wenallt OS1 89 1 It belonged t o the church ofLlangeitho [inf M . James] . Ynys -(SN 594-642)[ynys] ; Ynys 1 845TMS Ysgoldy-cwrt -(SN 61 8-619)[ysgoldy + tn. Cwrt [ -mawr] (40-a)] ; [sk:1ldi'kurt M. James] a'r Cwrt mawr 1 903 Cymru vol.24 p.261 , Ysgoldy'r Cwrt OS1 904, Ysgoldy . . . Cwrtmawr 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 02, Sgoldy'r Cwrt 1 984 CN 20/07/84 p. 1 4, Ysgoldy Cwrt Mawr 1 988 K. & A.Ll.Morris p.67 b. 1 896 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 1 02] ; a branch of Capelgwynfil (37-a) [1903 Cymru: 24.261]. Ysgoldy Rhyd-y-pandy -(SN 634-632)[ysgoldy + tn. Rhyd-y-pandy (40-a)] ; Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd Pandy 1 903 Cymru vol24 p.26 1 , Ysgoldy Rhyd-y-pandy OS1 904, Ysgol Rhydypandy 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 02 b. 1 832 ( 1 904 J. Evans: 102); branch of Capelgwynfil (37-a) (1903 Cymru: 24.261 ]. '

geonyms Allt-fach -(SN 623-624)[allt + bach]; Allt fiich OS 1 904 AUt Tancae-banal -(SN 6 1 2-61 1)[allt + tan + tn. Cae-banal] ; 638

(40) PENNARDD Allt Tan-cae-banadl OS 1 904, Allt Tan-caebanal OS 1 982

Bont-fach -(SN 628-6 1 8)[y + pont + bach] ; Bont ffich OS 1 904

Camwialen -(SN 590-640)[carn + y + gwialen] ; Cam Wen (sic) 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Garnwialen 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho This cairn gave its name to the dwelling Carnwialen (49-a), half a kilometre to the NW. The cairn marked the boundary of the commote of Anhuniog from that of Pennardd, perhaps gwialen has reference to a symbol of authority of the Welsh princes, somewhat similar to the bag! of important churchmen, cf Tafamfagl (69-a); cf. Alit Cwmberllysg (1 1-b). The beating of young boys with a rod (W. gwialen) so that they might remember the site was commonly practised when beating the bounds of lordships, and might well account for the name Carnwialen. Coed Cae Cefn-mawr -(SN 6 1 9-627)[coed + tn. Cae Cefn-mawr] ; Coed Cae Cefn-mawr OS 1 904

Cwm-bach -(SN 633 -636)[ cwm + bach] ; Cwm bach OS 1 982

Ffynnonbadam -(SN 599-622) [ffynnon + pn. Padarn]; Ffynnon Badarn, (c) Cae Ffynnon Padarn 1 845TMS This was formerly in Llanbadarn Odyn parish.

Gorsrudd -(SN 594-643)[y + cors + rhudd] ; [g:lrs'ri:� J. A Hopkins] Y Gors Rydd 1 984 J. R Rees p. 1 1 8, Cors Rhydd 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL91 Llynmanod -(SN 602-642)[1lyn + manod] ; [hn'van:ld J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees, D. Williams, i�m'van:ld E. Evans, D. Williams] Llyn Fanod 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Vanod 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 3 8, Llyn Fanod OOS 1 82 1 , Llyn Fanod O S 1 834, Llynbanod 1 83 9TMS, Llyn Mannod 1 845TMS, Llyn-y-fanod 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, Llyn Fanod OS 1 89 1 , Llyn y Van Nod 1 93 1 G. A Stephens p. 1 24

mor wyn a 'r manod [GPC s.v. ofMynydd-bach (e) - for which we can compare the mountain-name Manod (SH 72-45, Ffestiniog, Mers.), which has given its name to Llyn-y-manod. The feminine gender of llyn has caused anomalous lenition of manod in this The meaning of manod is 'fme snow', often used for comparative purposes

manod] . It may have first applied to the area around Llynmanod - the second highest area

name.

Llynmarch -(SN 594-63 5)[1lyn + y + march] ; [im'varx J. A. Hopkins, l�n'varz E. Evans] o Lynn y March c. 1 600 Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Llyn Fach 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Vach 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 3 8, Llyn March OOS 1 82 1 , Llyn-march O S 1 834, Llyn Farch 1 845TMS , Pool 1 857Encl. map Nantgwnllau, Llyn-farch 1 859Encl. map Llangeitho, Llyn March OS 1 89 1 , Llyn Farch OS 1 904, Cors Llynfarch 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL82

Llynmarch is nearly wholly dried up [ 1 977 Barcud: 14]; " is now dry and goes by the G. A Stephens: 1 24] . The feminine gender of llyn has caused anomalous lenition of march in this name; cf Bryntairllyn (40-a). Pontcapei -(SN 6 1 7-597)[pont + tn. Capel]; Pont Capel OS 1 89 1 , Pont y Capel 0Sc. 1 904, Pont Capel 1 988 K. & ALl.Morris p.4 Capel was the o lder name of the village ofLlangeitho (37-a). Pont Llangeitho -(SN 6 1 9- 599)[pont + tn. Llangeitho (40-a)] ; At the present-day

name Gwar Llyn" [ 1931

Pont Llangeitho OS 1 89 1

Wemgoed -(SN 628-61 7)[y + gwern + coed]; Wern Goed O S 1 904

639

(4 1 ) PENNARDD NANTGWNLLAU Aberdouddwr -(SN 571 -6 1 9) [aber + dau + dWr-]; [aber'd �j(')ur J. R. Rees] Aber Daft Dowfr 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Aberdauddwr 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, Aberdaufr (sic) 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Aberdauffr (sic) 1 832PR . Nantgwnllau, Aberdawddwr 1 839TMS, Banc-eithin-bach OS1 89 1 , Aberdauddwr OS 1 904, Aberdeuddwr 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 68 Cf Banceithin (47-a). Ael-y-bryn -(SN 578-588)[ael + y + bryn] ; [ajl;)'brm, ajl' brm, ti·r';)sk�l S. Morgan] Ael y Bryn OS 1 982 b. c. 1 930s [inf 8. Morgan] . Aeron View -(SN 586-588)[hn Aeron + E. view] ; [ejr�n'VIW I. Jenkins, S. Morgan] Aeron View OS 1 982 Bancdu -(SN 569-608)[banc + du]; [bagk'di: inf ] Banc-du OS 1 89 1 Bertbfa -(SN 555-566)[tn Berth + -fa] ; Berthfa 1 934 D.Jenkins p. l 5 1 b.bet. 1 904-34 [081 904] . The tn. Berth is the reduced form of nearby Perthnouadd (41-a). Blackball -(SN 584-630)[E. black + ? ] ; [blak'ho:l, (c) ka·'blak J. R Rees] Black-hole 1 930 E.Edwardes pp.66-67, Black Hall 1 990 E.Jones p.20 An incident called the 'Black Hole of Calcutta' that occurred in India in 1 756 became very well known and exaggerated in nineteenth-century Britain as its colonial grip was established on the Indian subcontinent, but here it is difficult to decide whether this place-name contains the word hall or hole (cf Foxhole, 42-a) though I favour the former. For an older-established identical name, cf Blac-hlil (55-a). Blaencastell -(SN 587-592)[blaen + y + castell]; [bla·n'kastrl S. Morgan] Tithin Castell Arddy ? 1 563 Bronwydd MSS, Castell Harddy als. Tir Veibion Mores ? 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tir Castell Hardd ? 1 63 0 F.Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6, Blaen y Castell OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen Castell 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Blaen y Castell OS 1 834, Blaencastel1 1 839TMS Refers to a nearby hilltop at SN 5 89-590 where there are no apparent remains of fortifications, the Morys in the 1 6 1 4 form may have a connection with Llwynmorys, some 600m 8 of the hilltop; cf Pencastell, Castell Villa. For the obscure Arddy, Harddy of 1 563, 1 61 4, cf. arddu 'dark'; cf. Troedrhiw Garddu (18a). Blaendyffryn -(SN 594-628)[blaen + y + dyffryn] ; [bla:n'd;)frm J. R Rees] (c) Carns (prox.) OOS1 821, Blaendyffryn 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Blaendyffryn 1 839TMS, Blaen-dyffryn OS 1 89 1 Blaenpant(i) -(SN 564-579)(Penlangwnllau)[blaen + y + pant]; [bla:n'pant Gr. Jones, blam'pant I . Jenkins] Blaenpant 1 81 4PR Nantgwnllau, Blaenpant 1 839TMS, Blaen-pant OS 1 89 1 Another house at S N 565-580 [081891] was also termed Blaenpant [inf. I. Jenkins]. Blaenpant(ii) -(SN 575-606)(Corngam)[blaen + y + pant]; [blajn'pant inf] Blaen-pant OS1 89 1 , Ysgoldy Blaen-pant 1 906 J.J.Morgan p. 1 3 9 Blaenwaun(i) -(SN 587-627)(Pen-uwch)[blaen + y + gwaun]; (bla'wejn J . R Rees] Blaen-waun OS 1 89 1 Blaenwaun(ii) -(SN 583-597)(Ty-Beca)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Blaenwain 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Blaenwaun 1 839TMS Blaenwinllan -(SN 566-573)[blaen + y + gwinllan]; [bla:n'wm4an Gr. Jones] Blaen-winllan OS 1 89 1 Bluebell -(SN 5 57-566)[E. bluebell]; [blu·'bel, now ;)'garO, gare M D. Jenkins] The Blue Bell 1 836 Llanllyr MSS, Blue Bell 1 83 9TMS Trefilan, Blue Bell (P.H.) OS 1 891 , The Blue Bell als. Llundainfach 1 893 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p.24 Messuage used as a public house [ 1836 Llan119r M88] . Bron Goetre -(SN 58-58)[bron + tn. Goetre (41-a)]; Fron Goytre 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Frongoytre 1 83 0PR Nantgwnllau, Fron y G6ytre 1 83 1PR Nantgwnllau This seems to have been replaced by Frondeg(ii) (41-a). Bryn -(SN 5 8 1 -602)[bryn]; [brm S. Morgan] 640

(4 1) PENNARDD Bryn OS 1 89 1

Brynreglwys

-(SN 579-587)[bryn + yr + eglwys];

[brm'(r)eglos

-(SN 566-603)[bryn + f.pn Elen] ;

Brynele

[br�n'ele

br�(n)'reglos I. Jenkins] inf S . Morgan

S . Morgan,

Bryn-yr-eglwys 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66--67, 'now' Meiarth Villa S. Morgan]

Bryn Elen c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 8, Brunn Elley 1 667 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Brunelle 1 745/46 Pengelli MS S, Brin Ele 1 760CF, Brynele 1 789PR Llangeitho, Bryn Ele 1 803map J. Singer, Bryn Elau OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn-ele O S 1 834, Brynile 1 83 6PR Nantgwnllau, Bryele, Brinale 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-ele O S 1 891

Elen, with a quasi-regular loss of final [ -n] occurring sometime during the Sarnelen (e). There is no known Roman or paved road in the vicinity, so that a connection with the various roads called Same/en is questionable; cf. Perthele (28-a). Brynele House -(SN 569-602) [tn. Brynele (41-a) + E. house] ; This seems to contain the f.pn. seventeenth century, cf.

Brynele House OS 1 982

Bryngalem

-(SN 577-592)[bryn + yr + agalen] ;

[brm'galem

S. Morgan]

Tythyn Bryn y Galen 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tythyn Bryn y Salem 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6 , Bryngalan 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Bryngalem 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Bryn Galan OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn Galan O S 1 834, Bryngalep 1 839TMS, Bryn-galem OS 1 89 1 , Bryngalem-fach (adj . ) 'on the farmyard' 1 93 6 LlCCLl p. 37 The development of fmal [-n] to [-m] is quasi-regular (cf. word

agalen

bwdram

for

bwdran, monvm

for

monvyn).

The

'whetstone' refers, either to the shape of the hill, or to the whetsone that was found in the

Krec 'hnigolen 'hill of the whetstone' (Plonevez-du-Faou, Finistere); Rhyd-y-galen (Llanddeiniolen, Caerns.) [ 1 928 W. J. GruftYdd: 247] ; G. G. Evans [ 1 986: 60] believes that Nant-y-galen (SH 96-25, Monts.), has the secondary sense of agalen, viz. 'bar of soap or salt', as there is a Nantsebon nearby, making both a paired name. Brynglas -(SN 591 -623) [bryn + glas] ; vicinity, it is less than l OOm from a quarry; cf B. tn.

Bryn-glas OS 1 89 1

Bryngwyn

-(SN 592-625) [bryn + gwyn] ;

[br�n'gwm A

Davies,

br�u·gwm J . A

Hopkins]

Bryn-gwyn OS 1 891

Brynhaidd -(SN 569-594) [bryn + yr + haidd] ; [brm'haj�

S . Morgan,

br�n'haj� Gr.

Jones]

Bryn y Haith 1 727 CD, Bryn yr Haydd 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Bryn yr Haidd 1 803map J. Singer, Brynrhaidd 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Bryn Haidd 1 830PR Cilcennin, Bryn-yr-haidd OS 1 834, Brynhaidd 1 839TMS, Bryn-haidd O S 1 891

Brynhopgyns -(SN 590-622)[bryn + W. -E. sn. Hopgyns] ; [brm'h:.lpk.mz J.

R Rees]

Bryn-Hopkins OS 1 891

Brynhyfryd

-(SN 576-589) [bryn + hyfryd] ;

[br�n·h�vnd I.

Jenkins,

brm'h�vnd

S . Morgan]

Bryn-fynydd OS 1 89 1 , Brynhyfryd O S 1 904

Brynllin -(SN 588-607)[bryn + y + llin] ; [brm'H:n S.

Morgan,

br�n'li:n

Gr. Jones]

Bryn-llyn O S 1 89 1 , Bryn-llin O S 1 904, Bryn-llin O S 1 982

Brynllys

-(SN 586- 5 89) [bryn + llys];

[br�n'li:s

I. Jenkins,

brm'ii:s

S. Morgan]

Bryn-llys O S 1 891

[ 1839TMS; OS1891 ] . The llys is likely to be an allusion to the nearby name Blaencastell (41a). Bwlch-Da-Wergam -(SN 590-604)[bwlch + pn. Da[fydd] Fergam ?] ; [bofxd�·w�rgam A. Davies, �·bulz S . Morgan, bolz S . Morgan, Gr. Jones, C . Jones] b. bet. 1 839-91

Bwlch Du Virga 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Bwlch 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlch Du Werngam OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch Diwirgam 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlchdiwirgan 1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlch Dwmga 1 824 Mynachdy MS S , Bwlch-du-Wyt-gam OS 1 834, Bwlch Dyfrgwm, Bwlch y Dyfrgwm 1 83 9TMS, Bwlch Dwfrgam 1 84 1 cens. , Bwlch-du-wyrgam OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch-diwyrgam OS 1 904, Bwlch Dywyrgam 1 904 Cymru vo1.27 p . 43, Bwlch O S 1 982 The adding of the negative prefix

di-

to the adj ective

gwyrgam

adjective that can only mean 'straight' (instead of the usual words

'crooked, warped, asked', to form an

union, cywir)

is a rather

gwyrgam

turn

of phrase. It seems much likelier to me that we have here a well-attested reduction of the personal-name

DafYdd,

cf

Cae-Da-Bywain (1 5-a) . The separation of the elements in the forms of 1 749/50 and 1 8 1 9 Virga o f the earliest form supports Fergam having given Wergam, the

support this conclusion, and the

641

(4 1) PENNARDD reduction of J/e/1

� [ �] is quite regular preceding a cluster of consonants, cf Troedrhiwloergam (4-a). The bergam 'bandy-legged' was a common appellation in medieval Welsh [ 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 5 1 ] . Bwlchgraig -(SN 5 80-596) [bwlch + y + craig] ; [bulz'grajg S . Morgan] element

Bwlch y Graig 1 760CF, Bwlch y Graig 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlchygraig 1 81 3PR Nantgwnllau, Tyn y Cwm (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlchgraig 1 83 6PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlch-y-graig OS 1 891 , Bwlchgraig-fach + -fawr 1 93 0 E.Edwardes 1 93 0 p. 66 BWLCHLLAN -(SN 579-587) [bwlch + y + llan] ;

[bul'an A.

Davies,

bui'ian M

James,

I.

Jenkins, S. Morgan, N.

Jones] Bwlch y Llan 1 83 6PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlch Llan 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Bwlchllan als. Penuel Chapel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 5 53 , Capel Bwlch-llan (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 891 , Bwlchllan c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.277, 'called by some' Penbwlchllan 1 904 J.Evans p. 72, Bwlch-llan 0Sc. 1 950 b. 1 836 as schoolhouse [1851Rel cens. : 553; 1 904 J. Evans: 75]; b. 1 841 as Rawlins: 1 54] ; b. 1 876 (1904 J. Evans: 76; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 1 54]. Bwlchmynydd -(SN 577-61 0)[bwlch + y + mynydd] ; [ti· ,d3e:n'piW S. Morgan]

chapel

[1 904 J. Evans: 75; 1 987 B. J.

Bwlch-mynydd OS 1 89 1 , i Fwlch y Mynydd 1 984 J.R.Rees p. 97

Cae-Madog -(SN

564-574)[cae + pn. Madog] ;

Cae Madog

[ka·'mad;:,g

M. D . Jenkins, Gr. Jones,

ka'mad;:,g

M. D . Jenkins]

1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Caemadog 1 83 9TMS, Camadog 1 875 Ystrad SF, Cae-madog

OS1 891

Cae'rmynydd

[kar'm�nil> J. R. Rees]

-(SN (ii)592-61 6) [cae + yr + mynydd];

Caermynydd 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Caermynydd 1 83 9TMS, Caearymynydd 1 841 cens. , Cae'r-mynydd OS 1 891 i) SN 593-61 7. 1 904.

ii) SN 592-616. 1 982. Cae-Rhiced -(SN 5 5 5-579)[cae + pn. Rhiced] ; [ka'r1ked Ll. Griffiths] Cae Rickett 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Cae Rickett 1 750 BRA ( 1 93 5 ) MSS p. 1 3 , Cae Ricket 1 799sur map, Cae Riced 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Cae'r Rhicced OOS 1 8 1 9, Cae Ricced 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Cae'ricced O S 1 834, Cae Rickett 1 83 9TMS, Cae-riced OS 1 89 1

ricket gate, the variants Rhiced and Hiced (see sub Pencarnhiced, 14-a) seem to Rickett and Rickett; cf Carnriced (Cwmteuddwr, Rads.); Clunrhiced klm,nked'vowr + klm,nked'va:x [inf D. J. Thomas] (SN 48-40, Llanllwni, Carms.); Llwynrhiced (SN 76-29, Myddfai, Carms.), Tir Morgan ap Rickard 1 61 5, Tyr Morgan ap Richard als. Tyr Llwyn Richard 1 77 1 [ 1991 D. B. James: 229]; Cwmrhiced (SN 86-86, Llangurig, Monts.), Nantricet, Cwm Rhicet 1 83 6 [1987 G. G. Evans: 40] ; Cefnrickett (SN 73-36, Llandovery, Carms.); Pant Ricket (Caeo, Carms.) [ 1 987 F. Jones: 23] ; Park y Ricket (unloc., Llanbedr Velffrey, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 503]; Melin Ricket (SN 33-21, Abernant, Carms.) [1987 F. Jones: 23] ; Carn Ricket (unloc., Merthyr, Carms.), Rickart of Cam Rickert [c.1600 L. Dwnn: 1 .97 in 1 987 F. Jones: 23] (the last form shows clearly that Rhiced is derived from MW . Rhicert, Rhicart); Pontriced (SJ 1 8-34, Llanarmon Dyffrynceiriog, Denbs.), p;:,nt'rjkjed explained by popular etymology as 'pont rhyd y gad' [inf. SWDP]. The (c1946) Cae Ricket (Hen:fynachlog land, 34-a) [1 8391MS Caron], though it may be connected with this Cae-Rhiced (41-a), may also be an independent name. Cae-Rhiced-fach - (SN 553- 578)[cae + pn. Rhiced (+ bach)] ; Cae Ricket 1 799sur map, Caerhicced fach 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Caer Hicced vach 1 829PR Though there exists E .

point to

E.

personal-names

Nantgwnllau, Caericad fach, Caericed fach 1 904 Cymru vol.27 p.43, Caerhiced-fach 1 904 J.Evans p. 75

Camau

-(SN 5 8 1 - 620)[carnau] ;

[karne J. R.

Rees]

Carnau OS 1 891 , a Chame 1 979 Barcud n. 3 0

Castellgwrtheym

- ( S N 5 82-580)[tn. Castellgwrtheym] ;

[kastcl'ba:x

Gr. Jones,

kastcl'ba:x,,

some disliked this

name, and insisted on naming it kastcl'farm M D. Jenkins] Castell Gwrth Herrn 1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Castell Gwrth Heirn 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Castell Cwrth Heim 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Castell Gwrtheyrn uchaf 1 841 cens. , Castell Gwrth Heym 1 85 1 cens. , Castell OS 1 89 1 , Castell-bach 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66 This name, though referring to a mythical place, might allude to nearby Pengaer (41 -b).

Cefncae -(SN 5 95-62 1 )[cefu + y + cae] ; [ke·ven'ka:

J. R. Rees]

Cefen y Cae 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Cefugau 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Cefu Cae 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Cefnycae 1 83 9TMS, Cefu-cae OS 1 89 1 , Cefucae 1 985 Barcud n. 93

Cefngam

-(SN 5 80-62 1 )[cefn + y + cam] ;

642

(4 1) PENNARDD Cefn-garn OS 1 89 1 Possibly named after Cefngarn (37-a). Cerrygllwydon -(SN 578-621 )[cerrig + llwydion] ; [keng'lujd:ln J. R Rees] Cerrig Llwydon 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Cerrig Llwydon 1 83 5PR Llangeitho, Cerrig Llwydion, Cerrig 1 839TMS, Cerygllwydion 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 66, Cerig-11\Vyd OS 1 891, Cerig-llwydion OS 1 904, Cerrig­ nwydon 1 979 Barcud n.30 Cilpyli -(SN 597-588)[cil + y + ? ] ; [kd'pi:l S. Morgan, M. D. Jenkins] Kilypyll 1 603/04 Bronwydd MSS, Kyll y Pill 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones ( 1 955) p.2 1 3 , Kill y Pill 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Kill Pyll 1 769 M.Richardson MS 1 82, Killypwll 1 783 Bronwydd MSS, Cilpill 1 803map J. Singer, Cilpill OOS1 81 9, Cilpyll OS1 834, Cylpyll 1 839TMS, Cilpill 1 845TMS Llanbadarn Odyn, Celpyll 1 845MR Llanddewi Brefi vo1. 1 p. 52, Cilpyll OS1 89 1 The pn. Pyll seems impossible a s the article present in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century forms suggest pyll or pill to be a common noun, there is a river of this name, noted in OW. as Pill (Llansoy, Mons.) [c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 88, 25 1 , 252], which might - feasibly - be *pyll an archaic plural of pwll (cf. tn. Ffos-y­ tyll (Llanelieu, Brees.), conatining an archaic plural of twll?). The term pill could well suit this place, though it is difficult to choose between the various meanings 'trunk, stock, stump, pole, stake; fortification; stall, crib' [GPC s.v. pill]. C. H. Thomas [ 1 993 : 2.637] notes pd as a variant ofpail! 'pollen'. Clwtyncoch -(SN 56 1 -575)[clwtyn + coch]; [klutm, klutm M. D. Jenkins, klubg'ko:z B. Jones] Clwtyn Coch 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Clwtyn Goch OS1 834, Clwtyn Coch 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Clwtyn Coch 1 845TMS, Clwtyn-coch OS189 1 , Clwttincoch 1 893 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.24 Cnwc-yr·oerla -(SN 580-623)[cnwc + yr + oerfa] ; Cnwck yr Orfa 1 839TMS, Cnwc yr Orfa 1 841 cens., Cnwc yr Oerfa 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 66, Cnwc-yr­ yrfa OS1 891 Colej -(SN 570-578)[ colej]; [koled3 M. D. Jenkins, (c) alt'koled3 Gr. Jones] College 1 81 3PR Nantgwnllau, Colledge-land 1 81 3sur map, Coledge 1 814PR Nantgwnllau, Collige 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Colege 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, College OOS 1 81 9, College OS 1 834, Tyr y College 1 839TMS, Ty'r-college OS 1 891 This was Tir-y-colej, the college in question being Jesus College in Oxford, which in 1 839 is shown as owning this as well as Perthnouadd, Llwynbrain, Blaenpant and Penlan [ 1839 1MS]; Dr. Gruffudd Llwyd of Llanllyr (t 1 586) [ 1 868 B. Williams: 10] : " . . . was a great benefactor to Jesus College, and devised for its benefit several farms situate in the parishes of Nantcwnlle and Llanddewi Brefi," [ 1860 w. Edmunds: 1 73] . J. Field [ 1 993 : 204] gives a number of places in England similarly named for having been land owned by university colleges of Oxford or Cambridge. Comgam-bach -(SN 577-607)[corn + gam (+ bach)]; [k:lrgam'ba:z J. R Rees, S. Morgan] Corngam bach 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Corngam bach 1 839TMS, Corgavn bagh 1 857Encl. map Nantgwnllau, Cor-cam-bach OS 1 89 1 , Corgam-bach OS 1 904 Comgam-mawr -(SN 579-603)[corn + cam (+ mawr)] ; [k:lrgam'mowr J. R Rees, k:lrgam S. Morgan] Corngarn OS 1 834, Corngam mawr 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Corngarn mawr 1 839TMS, Cor-cam OS 1 891, Corgam OS 1 904 This name probably alludes to the shape of the land (the holding, not the topography), for a fuller discussion, see Corngam (1 7-a). Crynfryn -(SN 582-61 2)[crwn + bryn] ; [kr�nvrm J. R Rees] Crynvryn 1 602 G.Owen vol.4 p.472, Y Krynfryn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.41, Krynfryn 1 677 Crosswood MS S, Crunfryn c. 1 693 Rep.WMSS vol l pt.2 p.739, Crynfryn 1 727 CD, Crynfrin 1 752 Ty-llwyd MSS, Cryn Fryn 1 803map J. Singer, CrynfrYn 1 � 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Cryn Fryn 1 814PR Llangeitho, Cryn Fryn OOS 1 8 1 9, Crynfryn OS 1 89 1 , Crwnfryn 1 903 Cymru vol.24 p. 57 Cwarre-bach -(SN 573-608)[cwarre + bach]; [kware'ba:x, S. Morgan, ti'tum inf.] Quarry-bach OS 1 89 1 , Ty Ifan Saer 1 930 E.Edwardes pp.66-67 Cwm Meiarth -(SN 585-591) [cwm + tn. Meiarth (41-a)] ; [kum'ejare S. Morgan, I. Jenkins] Cwm 1 760CF, Cwmeiarth 1 821PR Nantgwnllau, Cwm Meiarth 1 833PR Nantgwnllau, Cwm Meiarth 1 839TMS, Cwmrniarth 1 841 cens. , Cwm-meiarth OS 1 891 Cwmpistyli -(SN 571 -61 5)[cwm + y + pistyll] ; [kum'piSbl J. R Rees] Cwmpistill 1 839TMS, Cwm-pistyll OS 1 891 Dolau-Cothi -(SN 591 -633)[tn Dolau-Cothi (Pumsaint, Carms.)]; 643

(4 1) PENNARDD Do1au-cothi OS 1 89 1 , Dole-cothi 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67 Dolbwba -(SN 5 50-572)[dol + y + bwba]; [do·l'bu·ba Ll. Griffiths] Dol y Bwba 1 688/89 Pengelli MSS, Tir Dol y Bwba 1 692 Pengelli MSS, Dole y Bwba 1 743 Pengelli MS S, Dolbwba 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Dole Bwba 1 83 1 PR Nantgwnl1au, Dalbdwda 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Dolbwba 1 877 Ystrad SF, Dolbwba 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67, Y Glyn O S 1 982 The word bwba probably refers to a supernatural being (derived from the same ME . form that gave W. bwbach [ 1 967-70 M. Richards : 304]); cf Cwrt-y-broga (58-a), and for a possibly related word, see sub Llwynbobi (29-a). This place was accounted a village [1 851Ab cens.]. Dynfant -(SN 5 59-584)[dwfn + nant] ; [d;mvant S. Morgan] Tyr y Dyffuant 1 798 Mynachdy MSS, Dyfnant 1 799sur map, Dynfant 1 8 14PR Nantgwnllau, Ddyfnant OOS 1 8 1 9, Dyfn-nant OS 1 834, Dy:tynant 1 83 9PR Nantgwnllau, Dwfuant 1 841 cens. , Dyfnant 1 83 9TMS, Dyfuant OS 1 89 1 The metathesis o fDyfnant t o Dynfant i s common all over southern Wales; c f Cae'rgenfen (58-b). Eglwys-fach -(SN 575-620)(eglwys + bach] ; [eglus'va:z J. R Rees] Eglwys-fiich OS 1 89 1 Has this name anything t o d o with a religious site which was in the area according to tradition? see sub Twrgwyn (41-a). Erw-bant -(SN 587-604)[yr + erw + pant] ; [eru, �·reru S. Morgan] Erw Pant 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Rerw 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Rerwbant 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Rerwbant 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Rerwbant 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, Erw-bant OS 1 83 4, Erwpant 1 839TMS, Yr Erw 1 930 E.Edwardes p.66 This is an uncompounded inverse construction meaning 'acre dip', i.e. a dip (the size) of an acre. Esgairgwndy -(SN 5 59-571 )[esgair + y + gwyndy] ; [esker'gondi M. D. Jenkins] Tyr Esceir Gwndy fach (prox.) 1 682 Pengelli MSS, Escair Gwndy issa als. Escair Gwndy bach (prox.) 1 692 Pengelli MSS , Yscyr y Gwndy vach als. Tyr Yscur Gwndy issa (prox. ), Yscur y Gwnd ycha als. Yscur y Gwndy vawr 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Esgergwndy 1 8 14PR Nantgwnl1au, Esgergwndu 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Esker Gwndy 1 839TMS, Esgeirgwndy 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66, Esgaircwmdu OS 1 982 This name appears to contain the old word gwyndy 'white house', which usually refers to a 'church or monastery' (it is unclear whether gwyn applied in this term because of the connotations of 'blessing' which the word had in the language, or whether it was because of the widespread fashion of whitewashing church structures in the medieval period). Its earliest attestation is in late OW. gundy Teliau yn Lann Taf [c.1 140 LL: 120], referring to the 'mother-church' of Llandaff (Glams.). It is also found in the parish-name Gwndy (E. Undy, ST 43-86, Mons.), and though the components are inverted in Hendy-gwyn (E. Whitland, Carms.), earlier Ty-gwyn, we can see the connection between the twelfth-century Cistercian monastery and an earlier native religious site. It is, without doubt, a northern Brittonic term cognate to W. gwyndy or tj)­ gwyn that lies behind the famous early medieval monastery of E. Whithorn, L. Candida Casa (both meaning 'white house') in Wigtownshire (Scotland). It may be that the name Esgairgwndy refers to an, as yet, undiscovered religious site in the immediate vicinity, I think it is likelier that it was the small hill (esgair) that belonged to a religious house (gwyndy), and the most obvious candidate is nearby Llanllyr (25-a), an early Christian site some 2km to the sw. Felin-fach -(SN 599-588) [y + melin (+ bach)] ; [vehn'va:z S. Morgan] Melin Kilypell als. Kilypell Mill als. Kilrug Mill 'and' Felin issa 1 809 Derry Ormond MSS, Velinvach 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Kilpyll Mill 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Felin fach 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Felinfach 1 839TMS, Felin fiich (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin 0Sc. 1 950 The -fach is in opposition to Felin-fawr (36-a). Felin-newydd -(SN 588-6 1 0) [y + melin + newydd]; [velm'newi(') S. Morgan] New Mil1 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Melin newydd OOS 1 8 1 9, 'Felin-newydd OS 1 834, Crynfryn Mil1 1 824 Mynachdy MSS, Crynfryn Mil1 1 839TMS, Felin-newydd O S 1 891 FfYnnonbryn -(SN 561 -583)[ffynnon + y + bryn] ; [f�n:m'brm S. Morgan] Ffynnon-bryn OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-y-bryn 1 930 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67 Existent [ 1 839TMS]. FfYnnonforgan -(SN 560-569)[ffynnon + pn. Morgan] ; [ti hler M D. Jenkins, S . Morgan, N. Davies, pn. d3�n.ti 'tiler J. Jones, now vro'dawel M. D. Jenkins] '

644

(41 ) PENNARDD Fynonforgan 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau, Tir Tiler 1 83 0PR Nantgwnllau, Ffynnonforgan 1 83 9TMS, Ffynnon­ forgan OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-forgan OS 1 904, Brodawel OS1 982, Tytyler 1 983 Llais Aeron n. 59, Bro-Dawel in£ N. Davies The term tiler 'tiler' referred to a man who roofed houses with tiles or slates, cf. pn. Si6ni'r Tiler (Llanwynno, Glams.) [1 888 W. Thomas: 71]; (c) Env Tyler (Uwch-mynydd-ucha, Flints.) [ 1 994 H. W. Owen: 309, 327] . Ffynnonrhinweddau -(SN 572-61 4) [ffynnon + y + rhinweddau]; [pn. bnif�n:>n, f�n:>nhrm'we-5e J. R Rees] Ffynnon-rhinweddau OS1 891 Ficrej -(SN 586-582)[E. vicarage] ; [VIkred3 Gr. Jones, vik.red3, now udlands I. Jenkins, he·n'VIkred3 M D. Jenkins] Tanyrallt issa 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Tanyrallt issa 1 839TMS, Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , Vicarage 1 930 E.Edwardes p.66, The Woodlands OS1 982 This appears to have originally been Tanrallt-isa, but in the early nineteenth century had become the vicarage ofNantgwnllau [183 91MS], replacing Persondy (41-a); cf Tanrallt-isa (41-a). Fron -(SN 5 87-584)[y + bron]; [vr:>n S. Morgan, Gr. Jones] Fron 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Fron 1 839TMS, Fron-dolau OS 1 89 1 , Fron-dolau 0Sc. 1 950, Fron OS1 982 Frondeg -(SN 592-628)[y + bron + teg]; [ vr:>n'de:g J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees] Fron-deg OS1 891 Frondes -(SN 5 8 1 - 58 1 )[y + bron + tes]; [vr:>n'de:s I. Jenkins] Fron-deg (sic) OS 1 891 , Frondes 1 930 E.Edwardes pp.66-67 This site - attested between 1 83 9-91 [ 1 8391MS; OS189 1 ] - seems to have replaced Bron Goetre (41-a). It had ceased to exist by 1 904 [OS1 904]. Though named Fron-deg by the notoriously faulty OS map of 1 89 1 , I believe it to have been the Frondes which lay on Goetre (41 -a) land. Frongoch -(SN 579-589)[y + bron + coch] ; [vr:>IJ'go:z I. Jenkins] Frongoch 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, 'Fron-goch OS 1 8 34, Frongoch 1 839TMS, Fron-goch OS 1 89 1 Frongoch-isa -(SN 579-582)[y + bron + coch (+ isaf)]; [vr:>IJ,go:z'isa I . Jenkins] Frongoch 1 83 9TMS, Fron-deg Cottage OS 1 891 Fronheulog -(SN 5 89-627)[y + bron + heulog]; [br:>n'hejbg J . R Rees] Fron-hilog 08 1 89 1 , Fronheulog OS 1 904 New house borrowed name of old house in ruins [inf. J. R. Rees] . Fronwen -(SN 592-61 9) [y + bron + gwen] ; Fronwen 1 839TMS Gaer -(SN 574-582)[y + caer] ; [iga:r, �·ga:r Gr. Jones] Gaer 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Ty newydd 1 839TMS, Ty newydd 1 877 ECE MS SD 5551 3, Gaer 08 1 89 1 , Y Gaer 1 904 J.Evans p.76 Refers to Pengaer (41-b). Gelli-dywyll -(SN 596-599)[y + celli + tywyll] ; Gelli Dowill 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Gelli ? 1 770PR Llangeitho, Gelly Dwyll 1 8 1 7PR Llangeitho, Gelly Dowill l 824 Mynachdy MSS, Gelly Dywyll 1 839TMS, Gellidywyll 1 904 J.Evans p. 73 Glanrafon -(SN 575-622)[glan + yr + afon]; Glan-yr-afon 081 891 , Glan'rafon 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67 Glangors -(SN 585-624)[glan + y + cors]; [glau'g:>rs, lau'g:>rs J. R Rees] Glanygors 1 8 1 7PR Nantgwnllau, Glanygors 1 827PR Nantgwnllau, Blaenygors 1 839TMS, Glanygors uchaf 1 84 1 cens., Blaen-gors 08 1 89 1 , Blaengors als. Glangors 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 66, Glangors 081 982, (fpn.) Mari Glan-gors 1 984 J.RRees p. 99 GlangwenffiWd -(SN 599-589)[glan + hn. Gwenffrwd]; [glau'gwenfrud M James, J. A Hopkins, g la'wenfrud J. R Rees, S. Morgan] Glangwenffrwd OS 1 982 Glanrhyd(i) -(SN 596-623)(Pen-uwch)[glan + y + rhyd]; [glan'hri:d J. R. Rees] Glanrhyd uach ? 1 834PR L1angeitho, Glanrhyd 1 83 9TMS, Glan-rhyd OS 1 891 Glanrhyd(ii) -(SN 586-625)(Moelfryn)[glan + y + rhyd]; [glan'hri:d J . R Rees] Glanyrhyd 1 823PR Nantgwnllau, Glanrhyd 1 839TMS, Glan-rhyd OS 1 891 , Glan-rhyd 1 984 J.RRees p.99 Glantems -(SN 557-566)[glan + hn. Terns]; [glan'tems M D. Jenkins] Glan Thames 1 893 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.24 645

(4 1) PENNARDD The river Tems was named after the collection of houses became known as Llundain-fach; c£ Glantems (SN 64-26, Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.). Gloewnant -(SN 563-571 )[gloew + nant] ; [glownant M. D. Jenkins] Gloywnant 1 626 Pengelli MSS, Tir y Glownant 1 657/5 8 Pengelli MSS, Tyr als. Tythyn y Glownant, Tyr als. Tythin y Glownant 1 682 Pengelli MSS, Glawnant 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Glownant als. Tyr y Glownant 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Tyr y Glownant ycha, Tyr y Glownant issa 1 753 Peterwell MS 44, Glownant 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, GloyW11ant 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Gloywnant 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Glaw-nant O S 1 834, Gloywnant 1 83 9TMS, Gloiwnant 1 88 1 Ystrad SF, Glownant OS 1 89 1 , Gloewnant 1 930 E .Edwardes p.66 Goetre -(SN 578-5 80)[y + coed + tref] ; [g:Jjtre Gr. Jones] Goitre 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Goitre 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Goytre 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Coedtre OOS 1 8 1 9, Goytre 1 839TMS, Goetre OS 1 89 1 , Goetre OS 1 904 Goetre Villa -(SN 579-5 80) [tn. Goetre (41-a) + E. villa] ; [g:Jjtre'VIla M. D. Jenkins, Gr. Jones] Goutref 1 84 1 cens . , Goetre Villa O S 1 904, Ty Dina, Ty Lodwig, Ty Mali Jackrhooper, Ty Mali Simon, Ty Pegi Lwyd (Goetre Cottages) 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66--67, Goetre Villa OS 1 982 In 1 841 Goetre was the homes of a carpenter, a blacksmith, and an agricultural labourer [ 1 84lcens.] . This site originally had cottages which were replaced when the farm at Goetre (41 -a) relocated here bet. 1 8911 904 [OS189 1 ; OS1 904] and was named Goetre Villa. Graig -(SN 585-626)[y + craig] ; [grajg J. R Rees] Graig 1 839TMS, Graig Wen 1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud n. 63, Graig OS 1 89 1 , Graig Wen OS 1 982 Groes -(SN 579-61 2)[y + croes]; Groes 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Croes 1 822 Cymerau MS S, Groes Farm, Gors 1 83 9TMS, Groves (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Groes OS 1 904, Y Groes 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 66, Gwarffynnon(i) -(SN 560-576)(Esgairgwndy) [gwar + y + ffynnon]; [gwar'f;}n:Jn Gr. Jones] Gwarffyno n 1 81 5PR Nantgwnllau, Gwaryffynnon 1 839TMS, Gwarffynon isaf + uchaf 1 841 cens. , Gwar­ ffynnon OS 1 891 Gwarffynnon(ii) -(SN 594-620)(Pen-uwch) [gwar + y + ffynnon] ; Gwaryffynon n 1 839TMS, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 Gwynfryn(i) -(SN 5 55-566)(Llundain-fach)[gwyn + bryn] ; [gwmvrm M. D. Jenkins] Gwynfryn OS 1 904 Gwynfryn(ii) -(SN 591 -627)(Pen-uwch)[gwyn + bryn] ; [gwmvrm J. R Rees] Gwynfryn OS 1 982 b. c. 1 925 [inf. J. R. Rees]. Hafod-fawr -(SN 573-578)[hafod (+ mawr)] ; [hav:Jd M. D. Jenkins, Gr. Jones, hrav:Jd M. D. Jenkins, (c) skwa:r 'hav:Jd Gr. Jones] Havod vawr 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Hafod fawr 1 803rnap J. Singer, Havod fach (prox.) 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Rhafod fach (prox. ) 1 81 4PR Nantgwnllau, Havod vawr 1 81 5sur map p. l 1 6, Hafod OOS 1 8 1 9, Hafodvawr 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Hafod OS 1 834, Hafod OS 1 89 1 , Hafod-fach (prox.) 1 930 E.Edwardes pp. 66--67, (c) Rhyw Hafod 1 93 3 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 Hendre -(SN 570-585)[hendref] ; [hendre Gr. Jones] Tyr yr Hendre 1 798 Mynachdy MSS, Hendre OOS 1 81 9, Hendre 1 821PR Nantgwnllau, Hendre 1 839TMS, Hendre OS 1 891 Llainmadog -(SN 564-584) [1lain + pn. Madog]; [4ajn S. Morgan] Llain 1 839TMS, Llain-madog 1 84 1 cens . , Llain-madog OS 1 89 1 Llanfaelog -(SN 5 92-61 1 )[llan + pn. Maelog] ; [lan'vejbg A . Davies, J. R . Rees, S. Morgan, pn. janto,lan 'vejl:Jg Gr. Jones] Llangwaylog 1 727 CD, Llanveylog 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Llanfeilog 1 787PR Llangeitho, Llanfeiliog 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau, Llanfeilog 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Lanfeilog OS 1 834, Llanifelog, Lanfeilog 1 839TMS, Llan-feilog OS 1 891 Has this name anything to do with a religious site which was in the area according to tradition? (see sub Twrgwyn, 41-a). The toponym seems to be typical of an ancient religious site, the element llan + a well­ attested Brittonic personal-name Maelog, OC. Mceiloc [ 1 0th_ 1 1 thcent. Bodm.Manu.] , also found in the parish­ name Llanfaelog (SH 33-72, Angl.), and the Breton Lanveleg (F. Lanvellec, Cotes-d'Armor) [1 992 B. Tanguy: 1 2324] . According to Uita Sancti Kebii of c. l 1 00(1200) Maelog was a disciple of Cybi: " Topographically, 646

(41 ) PENNARDD P. 6 Riain: 393] . This 8km to the NNW of of G[wyl] Faylog on the thirty-first of December [1 50021z Dem.Calend.] in a calendar of saints emphasising south-western Wales may add suspicions that Llanfaelog was - indeed - a religious site, especially if the calendar was written in nearby Llangeitho as suggested by P. 6 Riain [1 994: 388]. It is feasible that the particular form of the name Maelog here was Tyfaelog, the ty- prefix in the pre­ this is reflected in the proximity of Llanfaelog to Caergybi in Anglesey. " [ 1 994

Llanfaelog is not that far Llangybi. The appearance

Llangybi (29-a),

from the Cardiganshire

being some

stress position naturally being elided earlier than the forms we have for this particular name (cf. sub

Llandysulio Gogo, 1 8-a); cf. LlandY.faelog (SN 41 1 1 Canns.), Llandyfaelog-fach (SO 03-32, Brees.). If the 1 727 form is to be trusted - which is doubtful - the name may have lost an initial syllable, perhaps *cyfeilog, cf. Crugcynfeilog (27-a). Llangronwy -(SN 587-622)[11an + pn. Gronwy] ; [�.reglns'smk, iag'gr;,nu J. R Rees] Tithin Tale Gronow Duy ? 1 563 Bronwydd MS S , (c) Cae-Dol-Gronw (al. loc.?) 1 930 E.Edwardes p.37, Llangronw 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 30, Brynhyfryd OS 1 982 This is a name coined in 1 9 1 3 - note that the personal-name does not mutate: " Agorwyd eglwys genhadol yma ym 1 91 3 . . . cy:flwynwyd hi i sant Gronw, yr hwn, yn ol traddodiad, oedd wedi ei ferthyru ar ran grefydd mewn cae ar dir y Crynfryn, ryw harmer milltir oddiwrth yr eglwys. " [1 930 E. Edwardes: 3 1 ] , it seems from the above account that Cae Dolgronwy was not the same site as Llangronwy. Was Cae Dolgronwy (Crynfryn land, 41-a) named after another location more towards the bottom of the parish called Talgronwy? The 1 563 name is associated with Melincwm and Tyncwm [ 1 563 Bronwydd MSS] . For other traditions of a church in the area see sub Twrgwyn (41-a). The meaning of tal before a personal-name is unclear ( cf Bwlchtalywain, 52-a), the confusion of the elements tal and dol in the pre-stress position is common; cf. Daldraws (57-a). Llety-pwl -(8N 593-605)[1lety + ? ] ; [iet�'pu:l 8. Morgan] -

,

Lletty yr Pool 1 727 CD, Lletty Pwll 1 749/50 Pengelli MS 8 , Llettypwll 1 807 Mynachdy M88 , Lletty Pwl, Lletty'r Pwl 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Lleter Bwl 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Lletherbwl 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau,

008 1 8 1 9, Llettyrpwdel 1 823PR Llanbadarn Odyn, 1 828 Mynachdy M88, Llettyrpwll 1 839TM8, Llettypwl 1 872 T. Jones in 1 983 Barcud n. 71 , Lletty'r-pwll 08 1 89 1 , Lletty'r-pwll 08 1 904, Llety'r Pwl 'ar lafar y fro' 1 98 5 Barcud n.97 This may contain the surname PWl, note the preceding article in Lletty yr Pool 1 727, cf. Lletty Powell (unloc., Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn) [1672 Cwrt-mawr MSS] . The form PWl for expected Powel or PWel is irregular in Welsh, but seems assured from a poem of Llywelyn ab Hywel ab Ieuan where he writes "0 daw gofyn pwy a ganodd hyn I Llywelin ap Hwl ach car ddwbwl" where Hwl rhymes with dwbwl [ 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 27], and the common abbreviation in Early Modern documents Holl [ 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 25] , and the Howell als. Howle [ 1690PR Donnington quoted in 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 26] which could have given the Herefordshire border surnames of Howls, Powles [1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 26] . Note the hypocoristic names formed on this reduced form of Hywel as, Hwlyn, Hwlcyn [ 1985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 126-28] . But whether Llety-pWl has a connection with the Powell family remains to be established. This family - originally from Ysbyty-Cynfyn - only came to prominence in Cardiganshire when they acquired Nanteos (64-a) in the late seventeenth century (though there was a Thomas Powell at Llechwedd-dyrys [1654 CD 51]). The same question casts doubt on the unlocated Cae-]JWl near Nanteos and Rhydfelin (64-a), which was Tythyn Kae Pool 1 569, Tythen y Kay Poell 1 585, Tythin y Kay Pwll 1 590, Tythyn Cae Poole 1 602, Tythyn y Kaye Pwll 1 626, Tythyn y Kae Pwl 1 68 1 , Tyddin Kae Pwl 1 682/83, Cae'r Pwl 1 684/85, Cae 'r Pwll 1 685, Cae Pwl 1 690, Tyddyn y Kae Pwl 1 693, Caepool 1 86 1 . The preponderance of forms of Cae-]JWl with an initial article, rather than a medial one suggests ]JWl is an adjective, perhaps jJWl 'blunt' (GPC s.v. pw1] , Lletherbwl 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Llettyr Pwll

Lletty'r Pwll

though the fact that the earliest form has no article may only reflect the fact that the notation o f the

Pont-y-pWl (Mons.) [ 1 967-70 : 1 65] makes that name a hybrid construction containing Welsh pont and English pool, which seems correct if Le Pool [c. l350(1 933)map w. Rees] is correct. However, such a hybrid name seems unlikely for the Cardiganshire Llety-]JWI and Cae­ ]JWl, unless E. pool had been accepted into Welsh with a specialised sense. The PWl in GwaithpWl (71 -a) is definite article in early Modern Welsh was sometimes haphazard. The well-known seems to have an identical element, though M. Richards

different, and is probably an English surname.

Lluest-fach

-(8N 593-6 1 8)[lluest (+ bach) ] ;

Llyast fach 1 83 9TM8 , Lluest-!ach

08 1 891

647

(41 ) PENNARDD Lluestmoch -(SN 5 84-61 8)[lluest

+ y + moch] ;

[li·est�'mo:z, became li·est'newi('), then kr�nvrm'vda J. R.

Rees] Lluest Moch 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Lluest-y-moch O S 1 89 1 , Lluest-moch 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66, Crynfryn Villa OS 1 982 LLUNDAIN-FACH -(SN 557-566)[tn. Llundain (+ bach)] ;

[imden'va:z M D. Jenkins]

Lyndon vach 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Llyndain fach 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, London fach OOS 1 81 9, Llundain vach 1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Londonfach OS 1 83 4, Llundainfach 1 83 9TMS, Llandain-fach 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Llyndenfach 1 875 Ystrad SF, Llundain-±ach O S 1 89 1 , The Blue Bell als. Llundainfach 1 893 John Francis MSS vot 2 p. 24

[ 1 851Ab cens. ] ; the name is now confmed to the house adjoining Glantems (41-a) to the E. 1 ) Bluebell, 2) Glantems, 3) Gwynfryn, 4) Rhos Mount, 5) TY-newydd, 6) TY-patsh. Llwynbrain -(SN 5 5 1 -570)[llwyn + y + brain] ; [iujn' brajn Ll. Griffiths] A village

Comprising:

Llwynbrain 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, LlWyn. Brain 1 823PR Nantgwnllau, Llwynytrain 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Llwynbrain 1 839TMS, Llwyn-brain OS 1 89 1

Llwynllaethdy -(SN 5 9 1 -589)[llwyn + y + llaethdy] ; [iojn'lejki I. Jenkins, S . Morgan] Llwyn Lleitre 1 81 5PR Nantgwnllau, Llwyn Lleiki 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, Llwyn Lleici O S 1 834, Llain y Llaethdy 1 83 9TMS, Llwynllaca 1 84 1 cens. , Llwyn-lleucu OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Lleici 1 904 Cyrnru vol.27 p.43 , Llwyn Teg O S 1 982 The second element llaethdy must have come to be pronounced *iejti cf pn. Llywarch Llaety [ c.1 400 Hendreg. : 294] ; Llaethdy (SM 73-27, St Davids, Pembs.), iejti [inf R. James] , pronounced Lleity [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 295]; Llaethdy (43-a), Letty 1 840; Cefn Llaethdre keven'iejtre (8-a), Cevn Lletre 1 808. The realisation *iejti was understood as referring to the f pn. Lleucu found in Betwslleucu als. Capelbetws (36-a), about 1 . 8krn way across the Aeron valley (I have heard the regular placing of [t] instead of [k] by a Welsh speaker, e.g. pn. Siaci Jati, and have heard of a character who always realised donci as d:mti, from -

whence he got his nickname. Note the 1 8 1 5 form which suggests variation in the second element of the inverse construction between -dre and -dy, cf. Gwarallt Faerdre (1 4-a).

Llwynmorys -(SN 591 -585) [1lwyn + pn. Morys] ; [iojn'm:)riS Gr. Jones, M. D. Jenkins, iojm':)ris I. Jenkins] Lwyn Morris 1 749/50 CD, Llwyn Morris 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Llwyn Morris 1 760CF, Llwyn Morice 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Llwyn Morris OOS 1 8 1 9, Llwyrnorris 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Llwyn-morris OS 1 89 1 See sub Blaencastell (41-a). Llygad-dyffryn -(SN 594-627)[llygad + y + dyffryn] ; Llygad-dyffryn 1 820PR Llangeitho, Llygad Dyffryn 1 83 9TMS, Llygad y Dyffryn 1 868 B. Williams p. 209, Llygad-y-dyffryn OS1 891

" ... Llygad y Dyffryn, yr hyn sydd yn dangos fod pen uchafy dyffryn yn y fan hono. " [ 1 868 B. Williams: 209] . Lon -(SN 576-585)[lon] ; Ty yn y Lon 1 81 5sur map p. l1 6, Tynylone 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Tynlone 1 83 1 PR Nantgwnllau, Tynylone 1 83 9TMS, Lon O S 1 891

Maescrugiau -(SN 5 78-61 7)[maes + y + crugiau] ; [mas�'kngje S. Morgan] Maes-crugiau OS 1 89 1

Maesfelin -(SN 5 58-567)[maes + y + melin] ; [ma·s�'velm M D. Jenkins] Maes-felin (P. O.) OS 1 89 1 , Maesyfelin 1 893 John Francis MS S vol.2 p.24, Maes-y-felin (P. O . ) O S 1 904

Maesffynnon -(SN 590-63 1 ) [maes + y + ffynnon] ; [mas'f�n:)n J.

R Rees]

Maes-y-ffynnon OS 1 904, Maes-ffynnon 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66 b. bet. 1 89 1 - 1 904 (OS1 891 ; OS1 904]. Meiarth -(SN 5 85-594)[mei- + garth] ; [miare Gr. Jones, mejare I. Jenkins, S. Morgan] Miath 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Meiath 1 81 3PR Nantgwnllau, Miarth 1 81 6PR Nantgwnllau, Miarth, Meiarth 1 83 9TMS, Meiarth OS1 891 The name Meiarth originally referred to the ridge

between Bwlchgraig (41-a) and Melincwm (41-a), which,

defmed by two pronounced valleys, beautifully illustrates the etymology of the name 'middle hill' .

Melincoed -(SN 5 5 9-565)[melin + y + coed] ; [vehg'ko:d M D. Jenkins] Melin y Coed 1 745/46 Pengelli MS S, Velin y Coed 1 81 4PR Nantgwnllau, Felin Coed 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Velincoed 1 81 7PR Nantgwnllau, Felin Coed 1 83 9TMS, Velincoad 1 877 Ystrad SF, Felin

648

(4 1) PENNARDD Coed (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Melincoed 1 904 Cymru vol.28 p. 242, Felincoed 1 93 6 D. Jenkins p. 58, Felin 0Sc. 1 95 0

Melincwm -(SN 596-596)[melin + y + cwm] ; Melin ? 1 5 63 Bronwydd MS S, Felincwm,

VelinycWrn. 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Felincwm 1 8 1 7PR

Nantgwnllau, Felin-gwm O S 1 834, Melin y Cwm 1 83 9TMS

Melingiachod

-(SN 570-6 1 9) [melin + y + gla.chod] ;

[ velmgi'ax,�d J. R Rees, S . Morgan]

Felin-newydd (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Aberdauddwr Mill O S 1 904, Felin-Giachod 1 930 E.Edwardes p. 1 2

Mownt -(SN

582-608)[E. mount + pleasant] ;

[mownt S . Morgan]

Mount Pleasant OS 1 89 1

Nantgwnllau

-(SN 5 76- 5 8 5)[nant + pn. Gwynllau] ;

[na�)'kunle in£ ]

Nanggwenleu 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 257, Nantwenclen 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Nantgwynlle, Natgulle 1 3 26 BBSt-David p. 204, 'o

Wynlle-nant

wen llaw Nudd' > 1493 Guto'r Glyn in 1 968 D.H.E. Roberts p. 89,

Nantgwnllo 1 490 ERSt-David p. 594, Nant Guntlle 1 496 ERSt-David p. 762, Nantgunlley 1 5 02 ERSt­ David p.736, Nantgonlley 1 5 14 ERSt-David p. 804, Nantgonlle 1 5 3 5 VE p. 3 96, Nant Gwnlle 1 541 Bronwydd MSS, Nant y Bull als. Nantgunlle 1 548 NLW MS 2, 9 1 2 p. l l , Nantgunlo als. Nantgwnllet, Naynt Gowntly 1 549 in > 1 7 6 1 E. Yardley p.407, Ll. Gwnllo (sic) c. 1 566EPC, Nantgunlle 1 57 1 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston

& J.Davies p . 9, Nantgunlle 1 578map C.Saxton, Nant Gwnllo 1 590-91 EPC, Nant & J.Davies p. 20, Nantgynlle, Nantguntle 1 603/04 Bronwydd

Gwnlley 1 592 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston

MS S, Nantgwilley 1 64 1 CD, Llantgunlley 1 688 NLW MS 1 3 529-A, Nant Gwnlle c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 0, Nantgwillt (sic) 1 727 Peterwell MSS, Llancwnlle 1 743 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 55, Nanntgwnlle 1 749/50 CD, Nantgwnlle 1 75 0PR Cilcennin, Nantcwnlle 1 760CF, Nantcunlle 1 760PR Llanddewi Brefl, Nantgullo 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Llangunlle, Nantcunlle 1 770PR Llangeitho, 'tent. called' Llangunllo

1 782 CIWSt-David MSS vol. 3 p. 278, Llancwnlle 1 790 Abertrinant MSS, Nantgunlla 1 797 CIWSt-David MSS vol. 3 p.294, Llangynllo (sic) 1 799EPC, Nant Cwnlle 1 803 map J. Singer, Nant Cynllo 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Nant Cynllo, Nantcynlle 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Nantgwnlle OOS 1 8 1 9, Nantcwnlle 1 83 1PR Nantgwnllau, Nantcwnlle, Nantcwnlle (Nant-cynllo) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 242, St. Cynllo's Church (Vicarage) O S 1 891 , Llancwnlle 1 90 1 Cymru vol. 2 1 p . 27 1 , St. Gwynllen's Church OS 1 904, Llancwmlle 1 904 J.Evans p.72 The guess-etymology

Gwynllau

llan

+

cwm + lie [1 904 J. Evans: 72] is to be disregarded. The equation of the pn. Cynllo [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 278], seems evidenced as far back as the 1 490

with the known saint

form, and was certainly operative by the sixteenth century (the similarity in the writing of and during the early Modem period may have been among the motivations for this coequation). To identify the person named in

Nantgwnllau,

we need to consider three persons with identical or similar sounding

names that are left in the medieval written traditions that have survived surrounding the saints. The ftrst

Gwynllau, the son of Cyngar, son of Garthog, son of Ceredig, whose is noted: Gwynlliw [>1200(c. 1 340) Jesus College MS 20: 49], Gwyn/leu [1200% ByS: 55] . The second and most famous person is: 2) Gwynllyw, son of Glywys the ruler of a large portion of south-eastern Wales, but also of Gwawl daughter of Ceredig [ c. 1 1 00(1 200) Uita Cadoci: 1 18; c. l 200 Prog.Ker.: 20] , who was himself a ruler, and later a saint. His name is noted: Gundleu [c. l l 00(1 200) Uita Cadoci: 1 1 8] (ignoring latinised forms such as Gundleius, Gunleius [c. 1 100(1 200) Uita Cadoci: 24, 1 1 8]), Gunleuus [c.1 200 GSE (Vesp. A xiv) in 1966 P. C. Bartrum: 2 1 ] , Gunlyu [ c. 1 1 30 Uita Sancti Gund1eii: 1 72; c. 1 200 Prog.Ker. : 20], Gwynlliw [> 1 200(c.1 340) Jesus Coli. MS 20: 44, 47], and Gwenlluc [13thcent.( l 502-55) Cogn.Brychan: 1 8] , (the form Gwynlliw is analogous to Mn.W. heddiw originally from heddyw [GMW: 4], a change attested in MW. , e. g. hediw [ 1 300% CLlH: 1 4] . The third and most obscure person is: 3) Gwynllyw, son of Tegid, the grandfather of saint Beuno [ 1 2003/4 ByS: 59; 1 346 Buched Beuno: 22] . None of these are the same, the fact that Gwynllyw is a grandson of Ceredig may not be indicative of any connection with Ceredigion, for this may be the Ceredig Wledig of Strathclyde - saint Patrick's Coroticus (this may be the origin of the name of Ceredig's daughter Gwawl 'wall', which was the Brittonic appellation of the Antonine Wall in present-day Scotland, her name found as Guaul [ 1 100(1200) Uita Cadoci] , which later MSS wrote as Guaur [c. 1200 Prog.Ker. : 20] , Gwawr [>1 200(c. l 340) Jesus Coll. MS 20: 49]). Though the medieval forms of the above names do seem to overlap sometimes, we are certainly facing two different forms of name� we are assured this from the pronunciation of Gwynllau in Nantgwnllau; whilst Gwynllyw seems to explain the modern form of the province named after him, viz. Gwynllwg (� * GwynllylfWg � * Gwynllyljiwg � pn. Gwynllyw + -iwg), but especially, it is Gwynllyw which has an exact cognate in the OB. Guenleu [ 1 994 B. Tanguy: 448], who has given his name to the early and most obvious person is: 1 ) name

649

(41 ) PENNARDD Gwikelle (Le Folgoet, Finistere), Guicquelleau 1 775 [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 70] , (MB. final -eu ­ -yw, -ew - tends to become MnB . final -e , cf. B. Keme, W. Cemyw) . A case can be made that Gwynllau and Gwynllyw represent archaic variations within early Welsh. Whilst Gwyn llyw can be explained as gwyn 'white' + llyw 'rudder', or gwyn + *llyw 'white light', Gwynllau can only be explained as gwyn + llau 'white light', which as P. 6 Riain notes [ 1 994: 382 ] is the exact cognate to the OI.pn. Findlug 'white light'. It is quite possible that Gwynllyw may be an archaic affected variant of W. Gwynllau, OI. Findlug; cf Cilgynllau (21-a). G[wyl] Wnnlle, escob on the first of November [ 1 500¥z Dem.Calend. ] ; this feast of All Saints, probably means - as P. 6 Riain notes [ 1 994: 391 ] - that his original day, if he had one, had been forgotten. The feast of Gwynllyw was held on the twety-ninth of March (commonest date) [ 1 91 1 BS: 241 ] , and the feast of the Breton Sant Velle of Gwikelle was held on the twenty-fourth of June [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 70] ; for P. 6 Riain's identification of Gwynllau with Gwynnwys, see sub Penglanwnnwys (41-a). As Gwynllau is an archaic personal-name, it is quite possible that nant in Nantgwnllau means 'valley' and not the usual 'brook, stream'. Oakhill -(SN 576-6 1 1 ) [E.tn. Oakhill (Ohio, USA)] ; [:l·k'hrl J. R Rees, o·k'd S. Morgan] parochial centre of

corresponding to W.

Oak Hill OS 1 89 1

Aberaeron (45-a) to Oakhill (Ohio, U. S.A), in the nineteenth [ 1 979 CN 26/05179; 1 990 E. Jones: 40, 46] . Pant-y-boudy -(SN 5 82-5 86) [pant + y + beudy] ; [pant�'b:ljdi S. Morgan, M Davies, pant�'b(]jdi B. Jones] Some two hundred people emigrated from

century

Panty Coydy 1 727 CD, Panty Boydy 1 749/50 CD, Pant y Boydy 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Panty-boidy 1 8 1 9PR Llangeitho, Pant y Budy OOS 1 8 1 9, Pantyboidy 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, Pantyboudy 1 823PR Nantgwnllau, Pant-y-beudy O S 1 834, Panyboudy (sic) 1 834PR Nantgwnllau, Panty Beaudy 1 83 9TMS, Pistyll (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-beudy O S 1 904

Pant-y-celyn -(SN 5 63 -5 7 1 )[pant + y + celyn] ; [pant�'kelm

S. Morgan, M. D. Jenkins]

Pant-y-celyn 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67

Pantcyfyng -(SN

573-5 89) [pant + cy:fyng] ;

[pant'k�vm Gr.

Jones,

paiJ'k�vnJ

S. Morgan]

Pantcyfing 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Pant Cyfyng 1 8 1 5 sur map p. 1 1 6, Pant-y-cefn (sic) O S 1 834, Pant y Cyfyng, Pant Cyfyng 1 839TMS, Pantcyfm 1 857Encl. map Nantgwnllau, 'ruins of an old tan yard on' Cae Pant-Cyfyng 1 878 ECE MS SD 58480, Pant-cy:fyng OS 1 89 1 , Pantycyfun

Pantsych

-(SN 592-589) [pant + sych] ;

[pant'si:x I.

inf E. Evans

Jenkins]

Pantsych 1 834PR Nantgwnllau, Pantysych 1 83 5PR Nantgwnllau, Pant-sych 1 93 0 E. Edwardes pp.66-67, Dale View OS 1 982

Dale View was built on the site of Pantsych [inf s. Morgan] . Pant-teg -(SN 594-624)[pant + teg] ; [pant'te:g J. R Rees] Panteg 1 839TMS, Pant-teg O S 1 89 1

Pantrychen

-(SN 5 86-595) [pant + yr + ychen] ;

[pant'r�xen S .

Morgan, I . Jenkins]

Pant yr Ychen 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Tythyn Pant yr Ychen 1 63 0 F . Green MSS vol. 25 p. 1 6, Pantrychen 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Pant y Rhychan OOS 1 8 1 9, Pantyrychen 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, Pantyrychen Cottage (prox.) 1 83 0PR Nantgwnllau, Panyrychen (sic) 1 8 3 5PR Nantgwnllau, Pantyrychen issaf (prox.) 1 84 1 cens . , Pant-yr-ychain O S 1 891

Pare-bach -(SN 56 1 -5 70)[parc + bach] ; [park'hows M.

D. Jenkins]

Park bach 1 839TMS, Parc-y-bach (sic) O S 1 891 , Parke-bach 1 893 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 24, Park House OS 1 904, Park ? 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p.66, Pare House O S 1 982

Penbanc(i)

-(SN 570-61 2)(F:fynnonrhinweddau) [pen + y + bane] ;

[pen'baiJk S .

Morgan]

Pen-bane O S 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dafi. Penbanc 1 984 J. RRees p. 60

Pen-y-banc(ii)

-(SN 593 - 6 1 9)(Pen-uwch)[pen + y + bane] ;

Penybank 1 83 3PR Nantgwnllau, Penybank 1 839TMS

Pencarreg -(SN

592-622)[pen + carreg] ;

[peiJ'kareg

J. R Rees]

Pencarreg 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Pencarreg 1 83 9TMS, Pen-careg OS 1 89 1 , Pencarreg 1 979 J. RRees p.9 This may emulate Pencarreg (Carms.). Pencastell -(SN 5 90-591 )[pen + y + castell] ; [peiJ'kastd S . Morgan, I.

Jenkins]

Pen-castell O S 1 891 Refers to a nearby hilltop at SN 5 89-590 where there are no apparent remains of fortifications, cf

Blaencastell (41-a). Pencnwc -(SN 585 -628)[pen + y + cnwc] ; [peg'knuk J.

R Rees]

650

(41 ) PENNARDD Penycnwc 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Pencnwck 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Pencwc OS 1 982 On a rock [in£

Pencwm

J. R. Rees] .

-(SN 5 64-595) [pen + y + cwm] ;

[pen'kum

S. Morgan,

peg'kum Gr.

Jones]

Ty'n-y-cwm 1 796sur map, Ty'ncwm 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, PencWm. 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Tyncwm 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Pen y Cwm OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty'n-y-cwm O S 1 834, Tynycwm Cottages 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Penycwm (sic) 1 839TMS, Ty'n-cwm O S 1 8 9 1 , Pencwm 1 93 0 E. Edwardes pp. 66-67, Ty'n­ cwm 0Sc. 1 950, Pen-cwm O S 1 982

Pengaer -(SN 575-583)[pen + y + caer] ; [beg'ga:r Gr. Penygare

ucha'

1 82 1 PR Nantgwnllau,

Jones,

peg'ga:r I.

Penygaer

1 824PR

Jenkins] Llangeitho,

Penycaer

ucha

1 824PR

Nantgwnllau, Penygare 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Blaen Gare 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Penygare issa 1 820sPR Nantgwnllau, Pen y Gaer O S 1 834, Ceven y Gar 1 839TMS, Cefen Gar 1 877 ECE MS SD 5 5 5 1 3 , Pen-y­ gaer O S 1 89 1 , Pengaer (sign)

Pengaer (41-b). Penglanwnnwys -(SN 596-599)[pen pn. d3:7ni,pe'lanus B. Jones] Refers to

+ glan + pn. Gwynnwys] ;

[penlan'unus

A. Davies, S. Morgan,

I. Jenkins,

Penn Glan Wnws 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Glan Wnnws 1 63 0 F. Green MS S vol.25 p. 1 6, Penglanwnws

1 760CF,

Penlanwnnws

1 778

E.Williams

(Hove) MS S

p. 6,

Penlanwnws

1 8 1 6PR

Nantgwnllau, PenlanWr1ws 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Pen'lan O S 1 834, Penlanwnws 1 83 9TMS, Pen-lan­ wnws O S 1 891

6 Riain [ 1994: 382] Gwynnwys could be a hypocoristic form of Gwynllau, the name taken to be the saint worshipped at Nantgwnllau. The field-name (cl9) Cae Gronlle [1781 sur map] ( doubtlessly a misreading of ), Cae Gwnlle (SN 707-641 , Maeselwad, 34-a) [ 18431MS Caron] , lying across Cors Caron from the original parish of Gwnnwys, may be relevant. It was in the vicinity of the unlocated Ffynnon Elwad which was described in 1 796 [1 796 Camb.Reg.: 387] as 'on a meadow below. . . for curing of sore breasts' (cf. (c) Cae Ffynnon (SN 709-644) [ 1 78 1 sur map]). The element gweunlle (see Gweunlle, 8-a) might be considered the second element of Cae-Gwnlle, though this would be expected as gwejnie or a reduction thereof, and not gunie; having said that the pronunciation of this The appearance of the pn.

Gwynnwys (see Gwnnwys, 57-a)

in this place-name has led P.

to wonder - quite reasonably in my opinion - whether

field-name is not known to me.

Pengraig -(SN

590-620)[pen + y + craig] ;

[peg'grajg

J. R Rees]

Pen y Graig 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Penygraig 1 83 9TMS, Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig O S 1 982

Pengraig-fach

-(SN 572-61 8) [pen + y + craig (+ bach) ] ;

Pengraigfach >1 8 3 6 i n 1 979 J. R Rees p.9, Pen-y-graig-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pencraig-fach 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66, Pengraigfach 1 990 E.Jones p.25

Penherber -(SN 5 8 8-5 88) [pen + yr + berber] ; [pen'herber

S. Morgan,

I . Jenkins, now arvrm I. Jenkins]

Penherber 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Penherber 1 83 9TMS, Pen-berber OS 1 89 1 , Pen-berber OS 1 904, Penherber 1 904 J.Evans p. 79, Ar:fryn O S 1 982

Penlan Adainwynt -(SN 574- 6 1 9) [pen + y + glan + tn.

Adainwynt] ;

[pe'lan (aden'wmt) J.

R Rees]

Penlan OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-Ian O S 1 891 , Penlan-Aden-Wynt 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p.66 For an explanation ofAdainwynt, see Bwlch Adainwynt (41-b). Penlan Gwnllau -(SN 566-5 82)[pen + y + glan + tn. [Nant] gwnllau (41 -a)] ; [plag'kunie J. Davies] Penlan ? 1 563 Bronwydd MS S, Penlan Nantcwnlle 1 799sur map, Pen'lan OS 1 834, Penllan

1 83 9TMS ,

Pen-lan-cwnlle OS 1 89 1 , Penlan-cwnlle 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p.66

Penllain -(SN 5 89-5 89)[pen + y + llain]; [pen'lajn,

now kastcl'vda I. Jenkins]

Penllain 1 820PR Nantgwnllau, Pen-llain O S 1 891 , Castell Villa O S 1 982

Castell Villa was the new farmhouse,

built above the road, whilst the outhouses below the road continue

the old site.

Penllethr -(SN

592-628) [pen + y + llethr] ;

[pen'le·Ser J.

R. Rees]

Tan y Llether 1 836PR Nantgwnllau, Tanyllethir 1 83 9TMS, Pen-llethr OS 1 89 1 , Pen-llether 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66, i groesffordd Penllether 1 979 J. R Rees p. 7, Penllether 1 985 Barcud n. 93

Penlon(i)

-(SN 583 -608)(Teilau)[pen + y + Ion] ;

Pen-Ion O S 1 834, Penylone 1 839TMS, Pen-Ion O S 1 890

Penlon(ii)

-(SN 5 50-568)(Llundain-fach) [pen + y + Ion];

[pen'lo:n N.

Davies,

pel'o:n

M. D. Jenkins]

Pen-lon OS 1 8 34, Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 893 John Francis MS S vol.2 p.24, Hillside Cottage O S 1 982

65 1

(4 1) PENNARDD Penrhiw -(SN 59 1 -6 1 8) [pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hriW J. R Rees] Penrhiw 1 845TMS Llanbadam Odyn, Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw OS 1 982 Penrhiwllan -(SN 579-586)[pen + rhiw + yr + llan] ; Pen-rhiw-llan OS1 891 , Girlan OS 1 982 Pentre-felin -(SN 560-566)[pentref + yr + melin]; [pentre M D. Jenkins] Pentre'r Velin 1 692 Pengelli MSS, Pentrevelin 1 73 3 Pengelli MSS, Pentre'r Velyn 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Pentrefelin 1 795PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentre'r Felin 1 796PR Llanddewi Brefi, Pentrefelin 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Pentre 1 829PR Nantgwnllau, Pentre OS 1 89 1 , Pemntrefm 1 893 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p.24 Persondy -(SN 576-586)[persondy] ; [per's�ndi J. R Rees] Vicerage 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Persondu 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Vicarage 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Vicarage 1 839TMS, Persondy OS 1 89 1 reb. c. 1 860 [ 191 1 J . c. Davies: 1 25]; see Ficrej (41-a). Perthnouadd -(SN 5 54-565)[perth + y + neuadd] ; [ber9 M D. Jenkins, ber9'n�ja� D. Davies] Pathenoeath 1 563 Bronwydd MSS, Berth Noyadd 1 799sur map Llanll)lr, Perthneyadd 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau, Perth Newydd OOS 1 8 1 9, Perth-neuadd OS 1 834, Perth Neuadd 1 832PR Nantgwnllau, Berthneuadd 1 83 9TMS, Perth-y-neuadd OS1 89 1 , Perthnouadd 1 903 Ystrad SF, Berth Neuadd, (bn. ) Dewi o'r Berth 1 93 6 CAST vol. l l p. 59 Pistyllmadog -(SN 581 -5 85)[pistyll + pn. Madog] ; [p1std S. Morgan, p..Jstd Gr. Jones, ii·s'p1std in deeds I . Jenkins] Tythyn Pistill Madog ? 1 614 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pystyll Maelog 1 8 1 5sur map p. 1 1 6, Pistill 1 83 6PR Nantgwnllau, Pistill 1 839TMS, Pistyll O S 1 891 The name Madog may be the name of the stream that descends into the river Aeron below Pistyllmadog, see sub Pen-y-gaer (41-b). Plow -(SN 585-629)[£. plough] ; [pn. d3ah'plow J. R Rees, plow, plowan'harow J. R Rees, be:rs'hd J. A Hopkins] Plough and Harrow 1 839TMS, Plough & Harrow 1 841cens., Plough & Harrow OS 1 89 1 , Bears Hill OS1 982, ym Mear's Hill 1 986 Barcud n.98 Renamed Bearshill about 1 9 1 9, from Arth river, some tried to write Brynarth, but unsuccessfully [inf. J. R. Rees] . Porth -(SN 564-572)[porth] ; [p�re I . Jenkins] Porth 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Porthaml 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau, Perth (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Porth OS 1 89 1 , Porthamal 1 83 1PR Nantgwnllau, Porthammal 1 839TMS, Porth OS 1 891 , Glynaeron OS 1 982 The meaning of am! here is likely to be 'large' [GPC s.v. aml], the whole meaning 'large gateway'. I believe it could be a somewhat stereotypical name, with alluding to a fme mansion, cf the two mansions Porthaml (SH 50-68, Llanidan, Angl.; so 1 6-35, Talgarth, Brees.), after which this site (not known to have been even near any mansion) might have been named. Pyllau-dwr -(SN 585-588)[pyllau + d\Vr] ; [p�'du:r S. Morgan, I. Jenkins, pule'du:r Gr. Jones] Pyllau Dwfr 1 839PR Nantgwnllau, Perllan Dwn 1 83 9TMS, Pyllau-dWr OS1 891 , Pyllaudwr 1 904 J.Evans p.375 Cf LlynddWr (1 4-a). Rhoslwyn -(SN 577-589)[rhos + llwyn]; [hr�slujn S. Morgan] Rhoslwyn OS 1 982 b. c. 1 912 [inf. S. Morgan] . Rhos Mount -(SN 556-566) [rhos + E. mount] ; [ro:s'mownt, now ti'newi� M. D. Jenkins] Rhos Mount OS 1 891 , Rose-Mount 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p.66 The new name has been adopted from Ty-newydd(ii) (41 -a) which has changed its own name [inf. M. D. Jenkins] . Rhyd-y-gaseg -(SN 577-61 4) [rhyd + y + caseg] ; [hri:d�'gaseg J. R Rees] Rhyd-y-graig OS1 891, Rhyd-y-gaseg OS1 904 Rhyd-y-groes -(SN 564-597)[rhyd + y + croes]; [velm S. Morgan, velm,hri·d�'gro:s Gr. Jones] Pen y Groes (prox.) 1 770PR Llangeitho, Rhyd y Groes 1 785PR Llanddewi Breft, Tir Rhyd y Groes 1 796 1 796sur map map, Rhyd y Groes 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Rhydygroes Mill 1 839TMS, Felin Rhyd-y­ groes (Corn) OS 1 891 652

(41 ) PENNARDD Rhydiol -(SN 590-600)[ ? t [hndj:ll S. Morgan, hrejdj:ll Gr. Jones] Lletty Rhidiol als. Penn y Wern 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Pen y Wern, Tythyn Llett'r Rheidol 1 630 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6, Rhyd Diol OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhydiol 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Rhydiol OS 1 834, Rhydiol Rhyddiol 1 839TMS, Rhydiol OS 1 891 At first glance, one thinks this means rhydiol 'fordable', and there is a stream - now known as Maesgwyn Rill (prox. Guilsfield, Monts.) - that gave its name to a Glan Riridiol [ 1 874 MC: 7.296] (which form one suspects of being a dittography, cf. Cwmrireidol 1 730, for Cwmrheidol, e). However, the fact that the name at this site used to be prefixed by llety makes an archaic Welsh word, or a hydronym less likely as the meaning of rhydiol. It is difficult to decide whether rhydiol was originally two syllables or three syllables, as present-day Cardiganshire Welsh reduces such three-syllable words to two, e. g. gweddio -+ gwe6j:l ), so that we would expect any form * rhydiol to give rhydiol. If the fmal syllable is the adjectival suffiX -iol, the root is based on either rh(i/u!y)d- or h(i!u!y)d-, and cannot be rheid- or heid- as the jod would not survive in the present pronunciation. Rhydiol-ucha -(SN 586-603)[ ? (+ uchaf)] ; [hndj:ll'va:x; S. Morgan, hrejdj:ll'va:x; Gr. Jones] Rhydiol-uchaf OS 1 891 Rhydlas -(SN 5 89-623)[rhyd + glast [hri:d'la:s J. R Rees] Rhyd-las OS 1 891 Rhydlwyd -(SN 586-623) [rhyd + llwyd] ; Tyddyn y Rhydlwid ?? 1 694/95 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 82, Rhydllwyd 1 83 9TMS, Rhyd-lWy-d OS 1 89 1 , Rhydlwyd OS 1 982 Samau -(SN (ii)5 87-589)[samau] ; [sarne S. Morgan, I. Jenkins] Same 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, Sarneu 1 836PR Nantgwnllau, Sarne 1 839TMS, Sarnau OS 1 89 1 i) S N 586-589. 1 839. ii) SN 587-5 89. 1 891 . Samau-duon -(SN 574-613)[sarnau + duon]; [sarne'di·:lD J. R Rees] Sarnau-duon OS1 891 Soar -(SN 557-569)[Bibl.tn. Zoar]; [soar M. D. Jenkins] Soar 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Soar 1 839TMS, Soar OS 1 891 Sychbant -(SN 553-573)[sych + pant] ; Sychpant 1 68 8/89 Pengelli MSS, Tir y Sychbant 1 692 Pengelli MSS, Sychbant als. Tir y Sychbant 1 745/46 Pengelli MSS, Sychpant 1 760CF, Perth Newadd (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 9, Sychbant 1 821PR Nantgwnllau, Sychbant 1 839TMS, Sychpant OS1891 Talfan -(SN 554-575)[tal + y + ban]; [tal'van Ll.Griffiths, M. D. Jenkins, Gr. Jones] Talyvan 1 760CF, Tal y Fann, Talfan 1 799sur map, Talfan 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Tal y Fan OOS 1 8 1 9, Talyfan 1 839TMS, Tal-fan OS 1 891 Refers to Fan-fawr (41-b) . Tanrallt -(SN 5 58-575)(Clwtyncoch)[tan + yr + allt]; [ta'raH Gr. Jones] Tan yr Allt OOS 1 8 1 9, Tanyrallt vach ? 1 836PR Nantgwnllau, Tanyrallt 1 839TMS, Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Tan'rallt 1 930 E.Edwardes p.66 Tanrallt-isa -(SN 588-583)[tan + yr + allt (+ isaf)] ; [tan'raH'iJa M. D. Jenkins, ta,raH'iJa I. Jenkins, Gr. Jones] Tan-'rallt-isaf 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66 Not to be confused with an older Tanrallt-isa als. Ficrej (41-a). Tanrallt-ucha -(SN 587-583)[tan + yr + allt (+ uchaf)] ; [tan,ralt'�x;a M. D. Jenkins, ta,ralt'�x;a I. Jenkins, tan 'ralts (colt) M D. Jenkins] Tan yr Allt 1 803map J.Singer, Tanyrallt 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Tan'rallt 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Tanyrallt Shop 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Shop Tanrallt 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, Shop ? 1 828PR Nantgwnllau, Tan'rallt OS 1 834, Tanyrallt ucha 1 83 1PR Nantgwnllau, Tanyrallt ycha 1 83 9TMS, Tan-yr-allt-uchaf OS 1 891 Tanbanc -(SN 594-61 8) [tan + y + bane] ; [tam'baiJk J. R. Rees] Tan y Bank 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Tan y Bank 1 839TMS, Tan-bane OS 1 89 1 Tancwarel - ( SN 589-620)[tan + y + cwarel] ; Tanyquarrel 1 837PR Nantgwnllau, Dan y Quarre 1 839TMS, Tanquarrel 1 841 cens. , Tancwarel OS1 891 Tanfalier-fawr -(SN 587-61 9)[tan + y + ? (+ mawr)] ; [tan'valjer J. R. Rees]

653

(4 1) PENNARDD Dan y Valier 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Tanvalier 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Tanfalier 1 8 1 6PR Nantgwnllau, Tanvalier als. Danvaller 1 822 Cymerau MSS, Tanyfalier 1 83 5PR Llangeitho, Tanfalier, Tan y Falier 1 839TMS, Tan-falier-fawr O S 1 89 1 This element i s wholly obscure; cf.

Tanfalier-fach

Tanfalier (4-a).

-(SN 5 86-61 9)[tan + y + ? (+ bach)] ;

Rhos Tan Valier ? 1 83 5PR Nantgwnllau, Tanfalier fach 1 83 9TMS, Tan-falier-fftch OS 1 89 1 , Tanfalier O S 1 98 2

Tanffynnon - ( S N 590-6 1 9) [tan + y + ffynnon] ; [tan'fan;,n J.

R Rees]

Danyffyno n n 1 839TMS, Tan-ffynnon OS 1 89 1

Tangraig -(SN 573-6 1 6) [tan + y + craig] ; [taiJ'grajg

J . R Rees, J .

A Hopkins]

Tanygraig 1 823PR Nantgwnllau, Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Tangraig OS 1 982

Teilau -(SN 5 92-604)[ *teiliau]; [tejle

S . Morgan]

Tir y Tyley 1 61 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tythyn y Teile 1 63 0 F . Green MSS vol25 p. 1 6, Teile 1 760CF, Teili OOS 1 8 1 9, Teile 1 822PR Nantgwnllau, Tyle O S 1 83 4, Ty-le 1 841 cens. , Tyle O S 1 89 1 , Teile O S 1 904, Tylau 1 904 J.Evans p . 3 75 , Tylau O S 1 9 82, Y Tyle 1 985 Barcud n. 97 The most usual orthography of this name has led to it being understood as

tyle 'ascent',

a typically south­

eastern word, not found in Cardiganshire - "Mae yno dyle ond a ddefuyddir yr enw gan Gardi?" [1 985 Barcud: 97 ] . The pronunciation and some of the documentary forms seem to suggest the noun

-au, which is not needed, nor attested Teilau (58-a), Ffosteilau (22-a), Glasteilau (54-a). Tir-bach -(SN 576-5 86) [tir + bach] ; [ti·r'ba:x Jones Tir-bach, br'ba:x Gr. Jones] manure', with an apparent plural suffiX

tail

'dung,

in Welsh dictionaries; cf.

Tir bach Nantgwnlle 1 8 1 5sur map p. 1 1 6, Tir bach 1 837PR Nantgwnllau, Tirbach 1 83 9TMS, Tir-bach O S 1 89 1

Transbort -(SN 5 5 6-570)[E.

transport];

[transp;,rt I . Jenkins]

Tynparc issa ? 1 875 Ystrad SF, Transport OS 1 89 1 b. bet. 1 839-91

[ 1 83 9TMS;

1 875 Ystrad SF] ; the name may b e an ironic reference comparing the life o n this

Bondaj (50-a); cf. Tynparc (41 -a). [tr;,jd'hriW J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees]

site to the life of convicts transported to Australia; cf.

Troedrhiw(i)

-(SN 588-628)(Pen-uwch) [troed + y + rhiw] ;

Troed-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Troedrhiw-llether 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 66, Troedrhiw 1 979 J.RRees p. 32

Troedrhiw(ii)

-(SN 594-5 88)(Cilpyll) [troed + y + rhiw] ;

Troedyrhiw

1 809 Derry Ormond MSS,

[trod'riw I.

Troedrhiw

Jenkins,

tr;,jd'hriW

S . Morgan]

1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau,

Troedyrhiw

1 8 1 6PR

Nantgwnllau, Troed y Rhiw O S 1 83 4, Troedyrhew 1 83 9TMS, Troed-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw + Y Bwthyn (adj . ) OS 1 982

Twrgwyn-bach

-(SN 583-62 1 ) [t\Vr + gwyn (+ bach)] ;

[turgwm'ba:z J.

R Rees]

Twrgwyn-bach 1 83 9TMS, Twr-gwyn-bach O S 1 891

Twrgwyn-mawr -(SN 585-62 1 ) [tWI- + gwyn (+ mawr)] ; [turgwm'mowr J.

R Rees]

Twr Gwynne 1 749/50 CD, Twr als. Tour Gwyne 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Twrgwin 1 803map J. Singer, Twr Gwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Twrgw)'n 1 827PR Nantgwnllau, Twrgwyn 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, Twrgwyn 1 839TMS, Twrgwyn O S 1 89 1 , Twrgwyn mawr O S 1 982

Twrgwyn (9-a). Llangronwy (41-a). Both

For an explanation of a possible meaning, with reference to an ancient religious site, see The tradition of a former church here is not as certain at

Eglwys-fach, 1 km to Twrgwyn was shown

the w, and

Llanfaelog,

Troedrour,

see sub

1 . 3km to the SE, may be related to this tradition Though

on Mynydd-bach commonland according to the enclosure map of 1 8 57, the above

deeds of the eighteenth century show it to have been freehold land.

Ty-Beca -(SN

584-598)[tir + f. pn. Beca] ;

[ti'beka

S. Morgan,

I. Jenkins, ti'bek Gr. Jones]

Tir Rebecca 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, Tir Ubicca 1 83 6PR Nantgwnllau, Tir Ubecca 1 83 9PR Nantgwnllau, Tyrybecca, Ty Bicca 1 83 9TMS, Ty-becca O S 1 891

Ty-nant -(SN 595-625)[tyddyn + y + nant] ; [ti·'nant

J. R Rees]

Ty-nant O S 1 891

Tynbanal -(SN 5 95-623) [tyddyn + y + banadl] ; [trm'banal

J. R Rees]

Tynbanal 1 839TMS, Ty'n-banal OS1 89 1 , Ty'n-banadl 1 930 E .Edwardes p.66

Tynbedw -(SN 593-585)[tyddyn + y + bedw] ; [trm'bedu I.

Jenkins]

Tynbedw 1 8 1 4PR Nantgwnllau, Tynybedw 1 839TMS, Ty'n-bedw OS 1 89 1

Tyncelyn - ( S N 562-573) [tyddyn + y + celyn]; [tiiJ'kelm M.

D. Jenkins]

654

(4 1 ) PENNARDD Tynycelyn 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Tynycelyn 1 839TMS, Ty'n-celyn 08 1 89 1 , Tyncelin 1 893 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.24, Ty'ncelyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 7 1

Tyncwm -(SN

590-5 98) [tyddyn + y + cwm] ;

Gwalod Mayarth als. [

[tm'kum

S . Morgan,

tDJ'kum I.

Jenkins]

]god als. Tire Ieuan Lewes 1 563 Bronwydd MS S , Gwaylod Miard als. Tir

Jenkyn Lloyd 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Gwaylod Myarth 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 6, Tyrgwaylod Meyarth als. Vale of Venarth als. Tynycwm 1 820 Cymerau MSS , Ty'n y Cwm O S 1 834, Tynycwm 1 83 9TMS, Ty'n-cwm 08 1 89 1 , Ty'ncwm 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p . 66 Cf Meiarth (41-a). Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 5 8 1 -601 )(Teilau)[ty + newydd] ; [ti'new1tl

S. Morgan, I. Jenkins]

Ty newydd 1 803map J. Singer, Ty newydd 008 1 8 1 9, Ty newydd 1 83 9TMS, Ty-newydd O S 1 891

Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 5 5 5-566)(Llundain-fach) [tY + newydd]; [ti'neWitl,

now �'bu8m M D. Jenkins]

Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Y Bwthyn (sign) Cf

Tynffordd

Rhos Mount (41 �a).

-(SN 5 87-622)[tyddyn + y + ffordd];

Tynyffordd 1 83 9TMS, Tanffordd OS 1 89 1 -(SN 5 8 5- 598)[tyddyn + y + bron] ;

Tynfron

Tynyfron 1 8 1 3PR Nantgwnllau, Tynfron 1 8 1 9PR Nantgwnllau, Tynyfron 1 83 9TMS, Ty'nfron 1 93 0 E .Edwardes p.67

Tyngwndwn -(SN 5 9 1 -616) [tyddyn + y + gwndwn] ;

[tDJ'gundun J. R Rees]

Tynygwndwn 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Tynygwndwn 1 83 9TMS, Ty'n-gwndwn OS 1 89 1

Tynparc -(SN

5 58-57 1 ) [tyddyn + y + pare] ;

[tm'park M.

D . Jenkins]

Tanypark 1 760CF, Tynypark 1 839TMS, Ty'n-parc O S 1 891 Cf

Transbort (41-a).

-(SN 564- 5 9 1 )[tyddyn + y + rhos] ;

Tynrhos

[ti·'hro:s A

Davies, S . Morgan,

ti'ro:s

Ll. Griffiths,

b'ro:s

Gr.

Jones] Ty yn y Rhoos 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS , Tyn Rhos 1 799sur map, Ty'n Rhos 1 8 1 5PR Nantgwnllau, Ty yn y Rhos 1 8 1 5sur map p. 1 1 6, Tyn Rhose 1 82 1PR Nantgwnllau, Ty'n-y-rhos OS 1 834, Tynyrhos 1 83 9TMS, Tynrhos 1 877 ECE MS SD 5 5 5 1 3 , Ty'n-y-rhos 08 1 89 1 , Ty'nrhos 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p.66

Tynwaun -(SN 5 8 3 - 590)[tyddyn + y + gwaun] ; [tm'wejn I.

Jenkins]

Tynwain 1 826PR Nantgwnllau, Tynywaun 1 83 9TMS, Ty'nwaen 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 67

Ty-patsh

-(SN 5 57-5 65) [ty + patsh] ;

Ty Patch 1 84 1 cens. , Ty-patch 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67 Cf Blaencwmpatsh (22-a).

Ty-ucha -(SN 578- 5 86) [tY + uchafj ; [ti'�xa

S. Morgan]

Ty-uchaf 1 93 0 E.Edwardes pp. 66-67

Winllan

-(SN 5 67-574)[y + gwinllan] ;

[wmian M

D. Jenkins, Gr. Jones]

Gwenllan 08 1 89 1 , Winllan O S 1 904

Ysgol Bwlchllan

-(SN 5 80-5 87)[ysgol + tn. Bwlchllan

(41-a)] ; [�r,he·n'�sk:>l l

Jenkins]

Bwlchyllan C. 1 945 WLS, Bwlchllan C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS 1 982 b. 1 870

Ysgoldy-fach in£

[ 1 936 LlCCLl: 39],

closed 1 987.

-(SN 576-586)[ysgoldy + bach] ;

[sk:>ldi'va:x, N.

Jones]

A church schoolhouse [inf N. Jones] .

Ysgol Pen-uwch

-(SN 593-627)[ysgol

+ tn. Pen-uwch (40-a)]; [�sk:>l,pen'IWX J. A. Hopkins, D. Williams]

Ysgol Fwrdd Penuwch 1 907 J. Evans p. 1 07, Penuwch C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol Penuwch 1 979 J.R Rees p.7, School OS 1 982

geonyms Alit Huw Sion -(SN 5 84-582) [allt + pn. Huw S ion] ; [ait,hiW1o:n B. Jones, I. Jenkins, ait,hriW1o:n B. Jones] Alit Hugh Shon 1 83 9TMS, Allt Hugh-Shon 08 1 8 9 1 , Allthuwshon 1 93 3 WGaz. 1 6/02/3 3 , Allt Huw Sion 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 99 A wood

Bancdu

[ 1 8391MS].

-(SN 568- 5 8 8) [banc + du] ;

655

(41 ) PENNARDD Bank Ddu 1 8 1 5 sur map p. 1 1 6

Bwlch Adainwynt -(SN 578-629)[bwlch + tn.

Adainwynt] ;

Bwlch Aden y Gwynt OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch Adenwynt OS 1 834 The form Adainwynt found in this name and in Pen/an Adainwynt

(41-a) is probably a reanalysis to adain *adau 'gap' - variant of adwy (cf sW. asau, trothau for nW. aswy, trothwy), cf Adwy-wynt (SJ 09- 1 7, Llanfihangel-yng-Ngwynfa, Monts.). Forms similar to *Adau-wynt are found in two places in Breconshire, Bwlch-yr-adwy-wynt (SN 97-53, Llanafan-fawr, Brees), pronounced bulz�'diwmt [inf. w. Protheroe] ; Bwlch-y-duwynt (SN 90-1 9, Crai, Brees.); and perhaps Bwlch-y-ddeuwynt (SN 78- 1 7, Ystradgynlais, Brees.). These names have been interpreted as du + gwynt 'black wind', dau + gwynt 'two winds', or even deheu + gwynt 'southern wind', but it seems to me that the positing of - the probable ­ *adau + g»ynt would give *a'dej.wmt � *a'di·wmt � �'diwmt, explaining all. The form Adenwynt 1 834 is easier to explain if we posit *adau, rather than adwy, but the stress must have been on gwynt, contrary to the names in Breconshire. It must be emphasised that I do not know of *adau as a word in any present-day Welsh, however this may be, because *adau has receded and been replaced by adwy, or other words - in Buellt the the present-day pronunciation of the word is adu [inf w. Protheroe ], with the meaning 'wing' of a probable southern Welsh word

'a hurdle (to fill a gap in the fence)'.

Cors Comgam -(SN

574- 598)[cors + tn. Corngam

(41-a)]; [k:>rs'k:>rgam S. Morgan, k:>rs,brm'ele Gr. Jones]

yng Nghors Brynele 1 969 T.M. Owen p. 1 49 Peat-cutting was practised here [ 1 96 9 T. M. Owen: 149] , pure'tuwarx here Cors Graig-fach -(SN 590-626)[cors + tn. Graig-fach (41-a)] ;

[inf

Gr. Jones] .

Cors Craig fach, Cors Gwynfryn 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL54

Cwmbwlch -(SN 5 98-603)[cwm + tn. Bwlch[-Da-Wergam] (41-a)]; Cwm Bwlch OS 1 891

Fan-fawr -(SN 5 59-5 8 1 ) [y +

ban + mawr] ;

[pen�'van Ll.

Griffiths,

bauk�'van Gr. Jones]

Pen y Vann vawr 1 760map E.Bowen, 'Fan OS 1 834, Fan OS 1 89 1 , Bank Talvan c. 1 892 n.c. in NLW Min.Dep. ( 1 982) p. 3 7, Y Fan 1 904 J.Evans p . 7 1

Fforest Nantgwnllau

-(SN 57-58)[fforest + tn. Nantgwnllau (41-a)] ;

Mountgunllo Forrest 1 650 in 1 879 Cymerau MS 1 74b, Nantgunllo Forrest 1 68 5rent, Nantgunllo Forest als. Forest Nantgunllo 1 782 CIWSt-David MSS vol. 3 p. 278, Nantgunllo Forrest als. Forrest Nantgunlla 1 797 CIWSt-David MSS vol.3 p. 294, Nantgunllo Forest als. Forest Nantgunllo 1 878 ECE MS SD 5 8480 This was an extensive piece of land, comprising the lands of

Pantcyjjmg, Pengaer, Tir-bach, Tynrhos, Y Fign

Frongoch, Gaer, Hafod-fawr, Lon, SD 58480] .

estimated at 201 acres [ 1 878 ECE MS

-(SN 578-6 1 2) [y + mign]; Bog 1 857Encl. map Nantgwnllau, Y Figyn 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL 1 07

Graig-fawr -(SN 5 88-62 1 )[y + craig + mawr] ; Craig fawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Craig-fawr OS 1 834, Craig-fawr OS 1 89 1 , 'r Graig fawr 1 984 J.R Rees p. 1 7 1

Ysgol Pen-uwch (41 -a) was built with stone from this site [ 1 984 J . R . Rees: 1 7 1 ] . Y Gum -(SN 564- 5 86)[y + curn] ; [�'g�rn Gr. Jones] in£ Llethrhir -(SN 573-592)[llethr + hir] ; [pen,leOer'hi:r S. Morgan] Llether Her 1 72 7 CD, Llethir Hir 1 8 1 5sur map p. 1 1 6

Pendwll -(SN

5 64- 5 87)[pendwll] ;

PentwlL Cairn O S 1 834, Cairn O S 1 982 Cf Crugpendwll (15-b). Pengaer -(SN 577- 583) [pen + y + caer] ; [ar,vauk�'ga:r

Gr. Jones, (c)

af.t�'ga:r (prox. )

I. Jenkins]

Tythyn Castell Madog ? 1 63 0 F. Green MSS vol. 25 p. 1 6, Pen y Gaer 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. 278, Pen y Gar 1 8 1 5 sur map p. 1 1 6, Pen y Gaer (Intrenchment) OS 1 89 1 , Pen y Gaer 0Sc. 1 950 The identification of the form of 1 63 0 with this site is due to the proximity of Pistyllmadog

Pengaer; cf Gaer (41 -a), Pengaer (41-a). Penlon Sbeit -(SN )[pen + y + lon (+ tn. Sbeit)] ; [penlon'spejt

S. Morgan]

Spite 1 93 1 S.MPowell p.22

Rhydrofan -(SN in£

579-598) [rhyd + yr +

ofn] ; [hri·d'rovan S. Morgan]

Named because of a local bogeyman (bwci) [inf.

s. Morgan] ; 656

cf

Comelofan (54-a).

(41-a) to

(42) ANHUNIOG TREFILAN Arfron

-(SN 5 52-5 90)[ar- + bron] ;

[arvr;}n

Ll. Griffiths]

Arfron OS 1 982

Blaenfallen

-(SN 5 59-596)[blaen + hn Mallen] ;

[bla'vaten Ll.

Griffiths]

Glaynrualen 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.276, Blaen Rhw Allen 1 649 Llanll)'r MS S, Pen

Rhyw

Allen 1 656-68

Llanllyr MS S, Penrhiw'r Vallen 1 720PR Treftlan, Penrhuallen 1 768 Llanll)'r MS S , Blaenrhywallen 1 796PR Cilcennin, Blaenrhiwfallen 1 791PR Llangeitho, Blaen Rhiwallen 1 799sur map, Blaenrhiwallen 1 8 1 8PR Nantgwnllau, Blaen Rhiw [ ] elan OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen-rhiw'fallen O S 1 834, Blaen Rhiwallen, Blaen Rhiwfallen 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-rhiw-afallen OS 1 89 1 , Blaenfallen 1 984 Llais Aeron n. 69 This name appears to have been Blaenrhiwallen, which was subsequently reanalysed Blaenrhiw(a)fallen by 1 79 1 , for the meaning of Rhiwallen, see sub Afallen (d); cf Blaencwmdu (5 1 -a). Breinog -(SN 529-574)[bran + -iog]; [brejn;lg N. Davies, Ll. Griffiths, brejn;lg,ho:m'farm Ll. Griffiths]

as

Tir y Braynog 1 649 Llanll)'r MS S, Brinog 1 720PR Trefllan, Brynod 1 746PR Cilcennin, Brainog 1 760CF, Brainogg 1 769 MRichardson MSS p. 408, Breinog 1 803map J. Singer, Brinog 1 833 S . Lewis ( 1 85 0 edn) vol. l p. 1 77, Breinog O S 1 834, Brynog 1 83 7PR Nantgwnllau, o'r Breinog 1 869 B.Williams p. 237, Plas ? 1 875 Ystrad SF, Brynog OS 1 89 1 , Brynog Mansio n + Brynog Home Farm O S 1 982 On the balance of probabilities I believe this name refers to a place frequented by 'crows', composed of

brain

-iog,

Bleiddiog (Caerns.) [ 1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones : 29] . braen 'rotten', 2) the pn. Bran, the name then meaning the territory of Bran, cf Cyneinog (76-a), or even, 3) from breiniog 'privileged' referring to some privilege pertaining to the castle of Trefilan some 2km away [ 1 868 B. Williams : 1 40] . The OS maps show a Bryniog (SH 82-60, Llanrwst, Denbs.), and though bryniog ostensibly means 'hilly' in Welsh, this seems an inappropriate for a toponym. The Breconshire Bryniog of the OS maps is a mistake for Briannog, see sub Briannau (d). Bro-Afallen -(SN 545-564) [bro + hn. Afallen] ; 'crows' + the adjectival suffix

without lenition, cf

Cases can also be made for the name being based on: 1 )

Bro Fallen OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Brynmynach

-(SN 5 4 1 - 595)[bryn + y + mynach] ;

[br�m·m�nax Ll.

Griffiths]

Brin Mynach 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-mynach OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-mynach OS 1 904

Maesmynach (43-a), refers Gwrthwynt. Bwlch-newydd -(SN 540- 5 8 1 )[bwlch + newydd]; [bulz'newi� Ll. Griffiths] This name, along with neighbouring

to the monastic land surrounding

Bwlch-newydd OS 1 89 1

Cae-manai -( SN 539-584)[cae + banadl] ; [ka·'manal Ll.

Griffiths]

Cae Banal 1 776PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Cae-manal O S 1 8 9 1 , Cae-manal 0Sc. 1 950, Cae Banadl OS 1 982

Castellgwrtheym

-(SN 542-586) [tn Castellgwrtheyrn] ;

[kastcl Ll.

Griffiths]

Glandyffrin, Castell Garthairn 1 83 9TMS, Castell O S 1 982

Castellmynach

-(SN 543-593)[castell + y + mynach] ;

[kastcl'm�naz Ll

Griffiths]

Castell, Castell Mynach 1 83 9TMS, Castell y Mynach 1 872PR Cilcennin, Castell-mynach OS 1 89 1

Cilbwn

-(SN 540-569) [cil + y + bwn] ; Kyl y Bwn 1 649 Llanllyr MS S , Tir

Kil

y Bwn 1 649 in 1 97 1 J.H.Lewes p. 345, Keel y Bwn 1 656-68

Llanllyr MS S, Kil y Bwnn 1 7 1 4 in 1 91 3 L.E. Ll. Theakston

& J.Davies p. 56, Kilybwn 1 773 Crosswood

MS S , Cil Bwn OOS 1 8 1 9, Cilbwn OS 1 834, Kilybwn, Cilbwn 1 83 9TMS, Cilbwn O S 1 89 1

bwn is contained i n aderyn-y-bwn 'bittern' (which bird was known by similar names i n Breton bongorz, and Irish bonnim), it was also applied in Middle Welsh to the 'owl', a fact explained by T. Jones [ 1 937 BBCS: 8. 3 3 5] : " Ymddengys, felly, mai'r eglurhad ar orgyffwrdd y bwn a'r dylluan ydyw'r ffaith fod y ddau gwneuthur sWn brawychus (cf gw-di-hW fel enw efelychiadol ar y dylluan) ac yn trigo mewn lle

The word

anghyfannedd, ac felly eu defnyddio fel arwyddion o anialwch ac adfeilion. " This seems vindicated as the

bonnim is also applied to 'horn, trumpet; siren' as well as 'a booming sound' [GGB s.v. bonruin] ; Tyddyn-y-bwn (SH 52-76, Angl.). It is feasible that in this place-name bwn is an archaic cognate to I. bonn 'sole, base', OI. bond - cf L. fundus - [Vendryes: B-69] , which, however, seems to be a different word from the similar I. bun 'base, bottom, lower end', of uncertain derivation [Vendryes : B-1 1 7-1 8] , though it is

Irish word cf

657

(42) ANHUNIOG bon and I. bun, also have cognates in Breton bon-) meaning 'river-mouth', lit. 'base of the river' [ 1 985 o. J. Padel: 20] , a particular meaning shared by I. bun 'river-mouth, estuary' . The affection in in the Breton form is parallelled in a number of other Breton words, viz. B. krenn, krec'h, le, which correspond to W. crwn, cnwch, llw [ 1 967 HPB: 1 1 9, 293 ] (one might suspect that Bwn-bach (SN 09-44, Moylgrove, Pembs.) which is a natural arch in the cliffs which is a mistake by the OS for Bwa-bach 'small bow I arch'). Dolau-couon -(SN 548-602)[ dolau + ceuon] ; [d:>le'k:>j:>n Ll. Griffiths] cognate with W.

bon,

of similar meaning. The cognate W.

ben-

and Cornish toponymy, in the obsolete term CB.

(OB.

Doleykoyon 1 649 Llanll)rr MSS, Tyle Coyon 1 656-68 Llanll)rr MS S, Dolle Koyon 1 674/75 Llanllyr MS S , Dolle Keynew 1 679 Llanll)rr MSS , Dile Coyon 1 720PR Treftlan, Dolecoyou 1 768 Llanll)rr MSS, Dolecoyon 1 796PR Tre:filan, Dolau Couon 1 799sur map, Dolcoyon 1 823PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Dole Goyon, Dolau Goyon 1 83 9TMS, Dolau-couon OS 1 89 1 , Dolecoion als. Dole Ayron ? > 1 894rent, Dole Coyon 1 905MR Talsarn-a-Sulian p . 3 5

Dolau-dwr -(SN

53 1 -569) [dolau + dWt-] ;

(c) Cae Dwfr 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, (c) Caye Dwr 1 826 Llanllyr MS S , Dolau-dwr OS 1 834, Dole Dwr

1 839TMS

Eden

-(SN 548-576) [Bibltn. Eden] ;

[eden Ll.

Griffiths]

Eden 1 882 Ystrad SF, Eden OS 1 89 1 , Eden 0Sc. 1 950, Tegfan OS 1 982

Ficrej

[v1kred3 (ii) Ll. Griffiths, (c) adlana'fejrad (i) S.Morgan] (i) 1 799sur map Llanllyr, Rectory OS 1 89 1 , 'r Rheithordy 1 98 8 K. & A.Ll. Morris p. l 3 3

-(SN (ii)5 50- 5 7 1 ) [E. vicarage] ; Parsonage House

i) SN 548- 5 70. 1 799.

ii)

SN 550-57 1 . 1 89 1 .

Foxhole -(SN 544-576)[£.

fox + hole] ;

Foxe's Hall 1 839TMS, Ffoxhole 1 877 Ystrad SF, Foxhole OS1 891 There exists a confusion between hall and

hole in this class of place-names, cf. Thimble Hall (53-a). The OE. foxas holas, which is attested with the figurative meaning 'a small dingy lodging or abode . . . a term of contempt or depreciation for a place' as early as 1 6 1 6 [OED s.v. hole] . The commonest attestation of these names show that hole is the second term and not hall, e.g. Foxhole (Pennard, Glams.), Foxhole 1 665 [ 1 93 8 B. G. Charles: 1 26] ; Foxhall (Henllan-d.refol, Denbs.), Foxholes 1 3 34 'may be an earlier form of the name' [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 208-09] ; cf. Foxhole ( 14-a) als. Twll-y-cadno, Cwrt-y-cadno (27-a); cf. B/ackha/1 (41-a). Fron -(SN 54 1 - 576)[y + bron]; [vr:>u'gcli Ll. Griffiths] earliest attestation ofjox hole is found in

Fron OS 1 834, Frongelly 1 83 9TMS, Fron OS 1 89 1 Gelli -(SN 546-573 ) [y + celli] ;

[pla:sa'gcli Ll.

Griffiths]

Gelly 1 720PR Treftlan, Gelly 1 760map E.Bowen, Gelli House 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, Gelli 1 803 map J. Singer, Gelli OOS 1 8 1 9, Gelli OS 1 834, Gelli OS 1 89 1 , Gelly O S 1 904, Gellyglyd, Y Gelly 1 93 6 D. Jenkins p. 60

Gilfach

-(SN 537-578) [y + cilfach] ; Gilfach OS 1 89 1

Gwarallt

-(SN 548-5 88) [gwar + yr + alit] ;

[gwar'aH Ll.

Griffiths]

Black-cock 1 799sur map, Black-rock OS 1 834, Blackcock, Gwarallt 1 83 9TMS, Gwar-allt OS 1 89 1 The name

black-cock refers Synod (22-a),

early name of

Blackcock, an Bane Sion Cwilt (22-b);

to the black grouse found o n open mountain-land in Wales, cf. and

Blackcock,

sub

Ffosddu

(22-a), both on or near

Blackcock (SN 8 1 -3 1 , Myddfai, Canns.) an inn and smallholding along the mountain road between Llandovery and Trecastell [ 1 99 1 D. B. James: 66--{)7, 2 2 1 ] . Gwarallt-isa -(SN 550-585) [gwar + yr + alit (+ isaf)] ; Gwar-allt-goch O S 1 834, Gwar-allt-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Penlan House O S 1 982

Gwaunfergi -(SN

543-5 89)[gwaun + hn. Mergi];

[wejn'vergi Ll.

Griffiths]

Tymarsh, Ty Mash 1 839TMS, Weinfergi 1 869PR Cilcennin, Tir-marsh OS 1 89 1 , Tir-marsh 0Sc. 1 950, Waun Fergi O S 1 9 82, Weinfeilgi

inf. E.Evans Marsh [DES s.v. Marsh] ,

The alias seems to contain an E. sn.

Gwrthwynt-isa - (SN

unless it is a translation of gwaun.

532-579)[gwrth- + gwynt (+ isaf) ] ;

Gwrthwynt issa 1 63 2 Crosswood MSS, Gwrthwynt yssa 1 68 0 Crosswood MSS, Gwrthwynt issa 1 720PR Treftlan, Gerthwint issa 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Garthwynt issa 1 799sur map, Gwrth Gwynt isaf

658

(42) ANHUNIOG OOS 1 8 1 9, Gwrthwynt-isaf OS 1 834, Gwrthwynt issa 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Garth Wynt issa, Gwrthwynt issa 1 839TMS, Gwrthwynt-isaf OS 1 89 1 Gwrthwynt-ucha -(SN 536-587) [gwrth- + gwynt ( + uchaf)] ; Torch Wynt 1 202( 1 336) cart . Ystradffiur, Gurdh Wynt > 1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Gurth Wynt > 1 282( 1425) cart. Ystrad:ffiur, Gorwalt 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, (pn.) 'Gruffydd Gwrthwynt' 1 457-58 in 1 972 R A Griffiths p.488, (pn) 'Gruffydd Cwrthwynt' 1 467-68 in 1 972 R A.Griffiths p.483, Gwrthwynt ycha 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Gwrthwynt ucha 1 720PR Trefilan, Gurthwint ycha 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Gwrth Wynt ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Gwrth Gwynt uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Gwrthwynt-uchaf OS 1 834, Blaengwrthwynt (prox. ) 1 83 0PR Nantgwnllau, Gwrthwynt ucha 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Garthwynt ucha, Gwrthwynt ucha 1 839TMS, Gwrthwynt-uchaf OS 1 891 , Gwrthgwynt 1 97 1 CER vol.6 p.347 The persons named in 1 457-58 and 1 467-68 were Crown officials of Anhuniog cornrnote. The literal meaning 'against (the) wind' fits its rather exposed position, GPC [ s.v. gwrthwynt] shows gwrthwynt with the meaning 'contrary I adverse wind'; cf (c) [G]urthwynt (four acres, Llanwrthwl, Brees.) [1666 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/1 3 1 ] ; Maes-newydd (42-a). Gwynedd-fach -(SN 547-564)[tn. Gwynedd ? (+ bach)] ; Gwynedd vach 1 720 Llanll)lr MSS, Gwynne vach 1 768 Llanllyr MSS , Gwynedd filch 1 799sur map Llanll)lr, Gwynedd fach 1826 Llanll)lr MSS, Gwynau fach OS 1 834, Gwyneddfach, Gwine fach, Gwynau fach 1 839TMS The earliest form has a final which could have elided (this area being close to the southern part of the county where final is elided quite regularly), or the final could be an early hypercorrect form, cf. Llandygwy (4-a). It is hard to decide which is the originaL and we could do with analogical examples to help us choose. If the final of 1 720 is hypercorrect then we seem to have the adjective gwinau, which - along with the qualifier -fach is rather singular for the meaning of a place-name, cf. Troedrhiwgwinau (68-a). If, on the other hand, the fmal is original (cf. Cnwcbugelydd, 42-b), then we could be dealing with gwinedd +-- gewinedd (the realisation of the plural of ewin 'claw, nail' in Welsh), though, again, this hardly seems likely. The interpretation of the name as Gwynedd-fach in opposition to the north-western Welsh kingdom of Gwynedd, seems the most acceptable, though this is the only such name I know of that emulates a medieval province, rather than town-name. Hafod-y-gors -(SN 5 58-605)[hafod + y + cors]; [hav:ld;;J'Q:lrs Ll. Griffiths] Havod y Gorse 1 649 Llanll)lr MSS, Haviddy Gosse 1 679 Llanll)lr MSS, Hafod y Gors 1 796sur map, Hafod y Gors OOS 1 8 1 9, Hafod-y-gors OS1 834, Havod y Gors 1 83 9TMS, Hafod-gors OS 1 89 1 , Hafod­ y-gors OS 1 904 Hermon -(SN 543-586)[Bibl.tn. Hermon] ; [herm:ln Ll. Griffiths, N. Davies] Capel Trichrug (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Trichrug c. 1 902 E. RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel Trichrug OS 1 904, Hermon Trichrug 1 982 Llais Aeron n. 53 b. 1 881 -82 [ 1 982 Llais Aeron: 53; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 61 ] ; became an independent chapel in 1 887 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 71 ] ; denom CM Lanlas -(SN 543-580)[y + glan + glas] ; Lanlas 1 83 9TMS Cf. Penlanlas (42-a). Lluest -(SN 541 -585)[1luest]; [Hast Ll. Griffiths] Cae'r Llyast Wen 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Llyast, Llyesty Chapel 1 839TMS, Pant-yr-eos (sic loc.) 0Sc. 1 950 See Pant-yr-eos (42-a). Llwynreos -(SN 546-576)[llwyn + yr + eos] ; [lujn'rbs N. Davies, lujn're:ls Ll. Griffiths] Llwymheos 1 839TMS, Llwyn-rh6s OS 1 891 , Llwyn-yr-eos OS 1 904 This was the first stone house on the Llanllyr estate, but was reb. 1958 [inf. Ll. Griffiths] ; see Llwyneos (8-a). Loj-y-gelli -(SN 548-572) [loj + tn. Gelli (42-a)] ; [bd3;;J'gcli N. Davies, Ll. Griffiths, M. D. Jenkins] Lodge OS 1 89 1 Maesaeron -(SN 545-563)[rnaes + hn. Aeron] ; Maes Aeron 1 978 Llais Aeron n. 1 4, Maes Aeron OS 1 982 A housing estate, b. c. 1 96 7-68 [ 1 978 Llais Aeron: 14] . Maes-y-crugiau -(SN 546-597)[maes + y + crugiau] ; [majs;;J'gngje Ll. Griffiths] -

659

(42) ANHUNIOG Maes y Crygie 1 83 1 PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Maes-y-crugiau OS 1 89 1

Maes-newydd

-(SN 534-588)[maes + newydd] ;

Maes newydd OS 1 834, Maesnewydd, Gwrthwynt cenol Garthwynt genol 1 83 9TMS, (c) Common Maes newydd 1 868PR Cilcennin, Maes-newydd OS 1 891 Cf

Paf'llion

Gwrthwynt-ucha (42-a).

-(SN 544- 5 83)[E. pavilion] ;

[ba'brlj;:,n

(id.) Ll. Griffiths]

Pavillion 1 839TMS, Gwar-cwm OS 1 89 1 , Pavilion 1 904 J.Evans p. 82 The pronunciation given me

is

reminiscent of Babilon (cf

Pabilon 'Babylon' [±1. 1 480-1 527 Iorwerth Fynglwyd: pavilion. The reason for the name is unclear, though

1 34]) but the documentary forms agree in noting E.

Gwarcwm seems to have been its alias. Pant-yr-eos -(SN 5 42-583)[pant + yr + eos] ; Pantyreos 1 83 9TMS, Pant-yr-eos OS 1 89 1 , Pant-yr-eos O S 1 904, Lluest (sic loc.) O S 1 982 See Lluest (42-a); cf. Llwyneos (42-a). Pantfeillionen -(SN 543-588) [pant + y + meillionen] ; [majs�'mejlj:m

(id.?) Ll. Griffiths]

Pantyfellion, Pantfellionen 1 83 9TMS, Pant y Feillionen OS 1 982

Pantgwas

-(SN 5 5 5-602)[pant + y + gwas];

Pant y Gwas 1 720PR Trefilan, Pant y Gwas 1 767PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pant y Gwas 1 796sur map, Pant y Gwas 1 803map J. Singer, Pant y Gwas, Pantgwas 1 839TMS , Pant-y-gwas OS 1 89 1

Pantunnos

-(SN 543 - 594)[pant + un + nos] ;

[pant'�n;Js Ll.

Griffiths]

Pantynos 1 824PR Nantgwnllau, Pant y Nos 1 83 0PR Cilcennin, Pantynoes 1 834PR Nantgwnllau, Pant-y­ nos OS 1 89 1 In ruins [OS 1 904].

Penbanc -(SN

545-5 68)[pen + y + bane] ;

[peiJ'bauk Ll.

Griffiths]

Ty mawr 1 839TMS, Pen-bane OS 1 89 1

Pen-y-fron

-(SN 555 -602)[pen + y + bron] ;

Pen y Fron OS 1 982

Penglogau

-(SN 5 5 5- 5 92)[pen + y + clogau] ;

[peiJ'gloge Ll.

Griffiths]

Tyr Pengloge 1 649 Llanll)'r MSS, Tir Penglogod 1 656-68 Llanll)'r MS S, Penglogog issa, Penglogog 1 660/61 Llanll)'r MSS , Tyr Pen y Gloy 1 674/75 LlanllYJ- MSS, Pen y Glogge 1 680 LlanllYJ- MSS, Penglogog 1 720PR Trefilan, Penceylogau 1 768 LlanllYJ- MS S, Pen-ceulogan 1 799sur map, Pen y Glogau 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penglogau 1 826PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen-y-glogau OS 1 834, Penglogau, Penceulogau, Penceulogau 1 83 9TMS, Pen-y-glogan OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-glogau O S 1 904

Penglogau may be a plural ofpenglog 'skull' (cf Benglog, 51-a) , this cannot explain Tanglogau (53a). This name appears to present a problem exactly like that of Tanglogau (53-a), the lenition of a plural noun. Some forms ( 1 768, 1 799, 1 83 9) appear to interpret the name as ceiliogau, the older plural of ceiliog which is still to be heard occasionally in present-day Welsh, although the plural ceiliogod is more prevalent, see Brynclogau (32-b). As with the name Brynclogau there appears to be variation in the sufftxes between clogog ( 1 660/61 , 1 720) and clogau, an adjectival derivative clogog could explain the appearance of lenition in Penglogau, if it assumed that clogog was replaced by clogau, as appears to have been the case with Brynclogau. Perhaps the feminine noun clog has been, reanalysed as a masculine noun glog, with a plural glogau (similar reanalyses have occurred with the terms cored, (g)ogoj, (g)efail). Another possibility is that Penglogau is a collective name, for details see sub Tanglogau (53-a). Pengraig -(SN (ii)546- 575)[pen + y + craig] ; (peu'grajg Ll. Griffiths] Whilst

Pen-graig OS 1 89 1 , Pen-graig O S 1 982 i) SN 547-575. 1 904.

ii) SN 546-575. 1 982. Penrheol -(SN 548-5 70)[pen + yr + heol] ; [pe'hrewl Ll.

Griffiths]

Tir Pen yr Heol 1 649 LlanllYJ- MSS, Tir Pen yr Hoel 1 660/61 LlanllYJ- MSS , Tyr Pen yr Heol1 1 674/75 Llanllyr MSS, Penyrheol 1 720PR Treftlan, Pen'rheol 1 799sur map, Pen-yr-heol 1 799sur map LlanllYJ-, Penrheol 1 839TMS, Pen-yr-heol OS1 891

Penlan Fergi -(SN 548-583) [pen + y + glan + hn

Mergi];

[pe'lan Ll.

Griffiths]

Blaen Kum Ergy 1 649 LlanllYJ- MSS, Pe[ ] y Lan als. Blaen Cwm Ergi 1 656-68 Llanllyr MSS , Penlanergy 1 720PR Treftlan, Cwmergy 1 763 Coleman MS 1 48, Penlan 1 766PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys,

660

(42) ANHUNIOG Cwm Ergy als. Penlan Ergy 1 798 Mynachdy MSS , Penlanfergy 1 799sur map, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen'lan OS 1 83 4, Penlanfergy 1 839TMS, Pen-Ian O S 1 8 9 1 The forms suggest that Penlan may have been derived from a n original Blaen.

Penlan Gelli -(SN

541 - 5 8 1 ) [pen + y + glan + tn. Gelli (42-a)] ;

[penlau'gcli Ll.

Griffiths]

Penlan Gelly 1 83 9TMS, Pen-lan-gelli OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-gelly OS 1 904

Penlanlas-isa

-(SN 543-579)[pen + y + glan + glas (+ isaf)] ; [pelala·s'iJa Ll. Griffiths]

Pen y Lan yssa 1 65 6-68 Llanllyr MS S, Pen y Llan Las yssa 1 720 Llanllyr MSS, Lanlase ? 1 768 Llanllyr MS S, Penlan-Ias 1 799sur map, Lanlas, Lanlas issa, Lanlas House 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, Lanlas issa 1 83 9TMS, Pen-lan-las-isaf OS 1 89 1

Lanlas (42-a). Penlanlas-ucha -(SN 54 1 -579) [pen + y + glan + glas Cf

(+ uchaf)] ; [pelala·s'�a Ll. Griffiths]

Tir Pen y Lan Las 1 649 Llanllyr MSS, Pen Y1an Las ycha 1 656-68 Llanll)rr MSS , Lanlas ycha 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, Pen-Ian-las OS 1 834, Penlanlas 1 83 9TMS, Pen-Ian-las OS 1 89 1 PENTRE-POETH -(SN 545-568)[pentref + poeth] ;

[pentre'po:O S . Morgan] xi, Pentre Poeth 1 984 H. T.Edwards p . 64 The name is explained as due to the amount of falling out (cecrn) between the inhabitants [inf s. Morgan] . Comprising: 1 ) Penbanc, 2) Wern-fach. Pil-bach -(SN 549-592)[pil + bach] ; [pd'ba:x Ll. Griffiths] Pentrepoeth 1 904 D. Jenkins

Peelbach 1 798 Mynachdy MS S, Pil bach 1 799sur map, Penlan (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Pil-bach 0Sc. 1 8 3 0, Pill bach 1 83 9TMS, Pil-bach OS 1 89 1 See sub Pfl-bach

Red-leion

(1 8-a).

- (SN 545-563)[E. red + lion];

[red'lej:m N.

Davies]

Red Lion Inn 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, The Red Lion Inn 1 826 Llanll)rr MS S , Red Lion 1 83 9TMS, Red Lion (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , PH OS 1 982

Rhydfallen

-(SN 558-595)[rhyd + hn. Mallen] ; [hri·d'vaien Ll. Griffiths]

Rhyd-afallen OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-fallen 1 983 Gambo n. 1 0 TALSARN -(SN 545-563 ) [tal + y + sarn] ;

[tal'sarn inf ]

Talesarne Green 1 53 9 J.Leland i n 1 964b M Richards p. 3 95 , Tal y Same 1 54 1 Bronwydd MSS, Tal y Sam Grin c. 1 566EPC, Talaseme 1 578map C. Saxton, Tallasem Grime 1 6ilicent. in E. A.Lewis & J. C.Davies p.23 0, (vill) Talsarn Greene 1 603/04 Coleman MS 1 02, Tal y Sam c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p. 1 5 , Talesame 1 61 2 Coleman MS 1 03 , 'town' Talysarne 1 6 1 9 CD, Talisarn 'borough of Cardigan' 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 293, 'fairs and markets at' Tallaserne Greene, Tallaserne 1 63 1 Crosswood MSS , Tallyesarne 1 64 8 Llanllyr MS S , Talisarne, Tallysarne 1 679 Llanllyr MS S , Talysarne Gweenfil. c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Tallsarn 1 720 Llanll)rr MS S , 'vill. ' Tallysarn 1 720PR Trefilan, Talsarn 1 760map E.Bowen, Talsarn Village 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, Talsarn 1 803map J. Singer, Talsarn OOS 1 8 1 9, Talsarn Village 1 839TMS, (h) Talsarn 1 85 1 Ab cens . , Tal-sam OS 1 89 1 , Talsam 'nid' Talysarn 1 936 D . Jenkins p.61

Samgrin meaning 'dry causeway' [ 1964b M. Richards: 395], maybe that [1 936: 61 ] : "0 flaen y tai henaf mae palmant a elwid . . . gawsen - 'causeway'

The full name o f the causeway was referred to by D. Jenkins feddyliwn" .

tref may be preserved in the nearby Parke 'r Dre (prox. ) [ 1656-68 Llan119r Mss] ; (c) Parke y Drey (prox.) [1679 Llan119r MSS] ; Parker Dre [ 1 720 Llanll5'r MSS] ; and Cae Cefo y Dref [ 1 836 Llanll)lr MSS] ; (c) Cae Cefendre (SN 546-564) [ 1878 in 1 799sur map Llanll5'r] . Trefilan -(SN 549- 5 7 1 ) [tref + pn. Ilan] ; [tre·'vi·lan N. Davies] Talsarn was some sort of borough in medieval times, the status of

field-names:

Trevileyn, Trevillan 1 277-80 in 1 897 R A. Roberts p. 1 3 1 , Trevilan 1 277-80 in 1 897 R A.Roberts p. 1 32, Trefilan 1 284 CalChartR p . 275, Trefilan c. 1 286 Ann Camb.(B) p. 8 1 , (vill) Drefylayn 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 77, Treuillan 1 3 01-02 ARCWW p. 75, Treuilan 1 3 04 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p . 3 1 1 , Trevillan 1 3 09 CalPR p. 1 1 5, Trefilan 1 3 00214 BT(Pen. 20) p. 1 94, Trevillan 1 397 CalPR p. 262, Trefilann 1 3 00414 BT(RBH TJ) p.23 2, Trefylan 1 40 1 ERSt-David p. 226, Tref Ilan c. 1 475 BS p.230, Tref Vilan 1 53 5 VE p. 396, Trevillan 1 5 5 8 in 1 93 8 E.A. Lewis, Trevillian 1 577 in 1 9 1 3 L.E . Ll. Theakston 1 578map C. Saxton, Trevaillon 1 583

in 1 9 1 3 L.E . Ll. Theakston

& J. Davies p.7, Treuilan & J.Davies p. 1 2 � Trevilan 1 5 94

Crosswood MSS , Trevylan 1 608 Prob.St-David, Trevillian 1 727 Peterwell MS S, Trevela 1 729PR Trefilan, Trevelan 1 760map E.Bowen, Trefilan Church 1 799sur map Llanllyr, Trifilan 1 80 1 Llanll)rr MS S ,

661

(42) ANHUNIOG Trefilan 1 803map J.Singer, Treftlan OOS 1 8 1 9, Trevilan (Tref-ilar) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 85 0 edn) vol. 2 p. 409, Trefilan, St. Hilary's Church (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 The etymology

tref + bilain [ 1 899 D. E.

Jones:

1 09] fits with a form o f 1 277-80 and 1 3 00, and might have

been thought to be connected to the thirteenth-century motte castle, but the majority of forms (excepting

Castell Tref !len c. 1 700) and the pronunciation argue against it. By the nineteenth century 281 ] Trefilan was condidered a dedication to Saint Hilary, purely on the basis of a vague similarity of the name. P. 6 Riain [1 994: 392] is doubtful - rightly I believe - of the identification of Ilan with Ilar, the Welsh form of Hilary (adding " Names with tref do not normally denote saints. " ), he also notes a variant tradition that ascribes the dedication of the church to Cyngar. It seems beyond doubt that the personal-name paired with tref is Ilan (though it feasibly could represent *Milan). The name Ilan is found in Eglwysilan ( ST 10-89, Glams.), Merthyr Ilan (c. 1 140 LL: 44], and in the ex-chapel of Saint Ilan (Langueux, C6tes-d'Armor) [1 992 B. Tanguy: 1 12] . A form such as *!ulan would be required in an OW. text of pre- 1 000 AD date [ 1 953 LHEB: 345-47] to connect it with a hypocoristic form of the L. pn Iii/ius, but I have no proof that there ever was a form *Iiilanus [1 972 M.-T. Morlet: 2.67] . We may well have here a personal­ name of purely Celtic origin. Church dest. 1 806 [1813 G. Nicholson: 10]; "Having fallen into a state of dilapidation, the Church was taken down in 1 806, and rebuilt . . . " [ 1 833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 2.409] ; cf Castell Trefilan (42-b). Trefilan-cwrt -(SN 549-573)[tn. Trefilan (42-a) + E. court]; [tre·,vi-lan'kort N. Davies, tre,vilan'kort Ll. E .Lhuyd's

[1 808 s.

R. Meyrick:

Griffiths, S. Morgan] Tir Oddiar yr Eglwys

??

1 65 6-68 Llanllyr MS S , Tyr ar yr Eglwys

??

1 720 LlanllYt" MSS , Bwlch yr

Arllwys 1 768 Llanll)rr MS S, Treftlan Court 1 799sur map Llanll)rr, Cwrt OS 1 834, Trevilan Court 1 83 9TMS, Trefilan Court OS 1 89 1

It was said that bolx�'rarlujs was the older name, before having the English name Trefilan-cwrt bestowed upon it by a successful merchant [inf. s. Morgan] ; cf Twynarllwys (SO 25-13, Gilwern, Mons.). The meaning of arllwys is not clear, perhaps it has something to do with the Glamorganshire dialect meaning arllwys y tir 'to clear wild land of woods, bushes, etc. ' [ 1770-1820 I. Morg.: 45] ; cf Lluest-y-broga (30-a ). Troedrhiw -(SN 549-578) [troed + y + rhiw] ; [to-d'hnw Ll. Griffiths] Tir Troed yr Rhiw 1 649 Llanll)rr MSS, Theod yr Rhiw isor 1 656 LlanllYt- MSS, Troed yr Rhuw 1 660/61 Llanllyr MS S, Trod y Rhiw 1 720 Llanll)rr MSS , Troedrhiw 1 799sur map, Troed y Rhiw OOS 1 8 1 9, Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 834, Troed-rhiw OS 1 891 , Troedrhiw 1 983 Llais Aeron n. 5 6

Trychrug Aeron

-(SN 548- 573)[tn. Trychrug (43-b) +

hn

Aeron] ;

Tychrug Aeron OS 1 982

Ty-mawr(i)

-(SN 545-564)(Talsam)[tY + mawr] ;

Tyr y Ty mawre in Tallysarne 1 77 1 Llanll)rr MS S, Tymawr 1 83 6 Llanllyr MS S, Ty-mawr OS 1 891 Ty-mawr(ii) -(SN 542-5 87)(Hermon) [tY + mawr] ;

[ti'mowr Ll.

Griffiths]

Ty mawr Glandyffryn, Ty mawr 1 839TMS, Ty-mawr O S 1 891 The

strf;t

Hermon (42-a) was nicknamed stri·d�'WaiJk (gwanc ' gluttony, greed') [inf. Ll. Griffiths] . 546-5 75) [tyddyn + y + cwm] ; [tiiJ'kom Ll. Griffiths] above

because people here reputedly lived on

plunder and stealing

Tyncwm

-(SN

Tynycwm 1 83 9TMS, Tyncwm 1 875 Ystrad SF, Ty'n-y-cwm OS 1 904

Waring -(SN

539- 577)[warin] ;

[wariiJ Ll

Griffiths]

Fron ucha 1 83 9TMS, Warren Lodge O S 1 891

Wem-fach -(SN 545-566)[y + gwem + bach] ; [wern'vrla ?

Ll. Griffiths]

Tir y Weme 1 605 CD, Tyr als. Tyddyn y Wem vach 1 6 1 5 Coleman MS 1 03, Waun-fach OS 1 891 , Wem­ fach OS 1 904, Wernfach 1 9 1 0MR Talsam-a-Sulian p. 40, (f.pn ) Eli'r Wem p. 1 33

Ysgol Trefilan

-(SN 549-5 7 1 ) [ysgol + tn. Trefilan

(42-a)] ; [�sk;,l,tre'vilan Ll. Griffiths]

Ysgoldy Trefilan 1 904 D. Jenkins liv, Treftlan C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS 1 982

geonyms Alltgoch

-(SN 5 5 3 -586) [allt + coch];

662

?

1 98 8

K. & A.Ll. Morris

(42) ANHUNIOG Tyr Dan yr Alit Gogh 1 649 Llanll}'r MSS, Tyr Dan yr Allt Goy 1 656 Llanll}'r MSS, Tyr Dan yr A1t Coy 1 674/75 Llanllyr MS S, Allt Pen-lan OS 1 89 1 , Allt GOch OS1 904, i Gwm Fallen (prox. ) 1 904 J.Evans p.8 1 , Cwmralltgoch (prox. ) 1 93 3 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 Bancdu -(SN 561-602)[banc + du] ; Bank DU 1 799sur map Banc-y-gors -(SN 552-600)[banc + y + cors]; Ban[k] y Gors 1 796sur map Bryn-y-bunt -(SN 555-595) [bryn + y + punt] ; Bryn-y-bunt 1 796sur map Brynhir -(SN 5 55-600)[bryn + hir] ; Brynhir 1 796sur map Castell Trefdan -(SN 549-57l)[castell + tn. Trefilan (42-a)] ; Castell Tref Ilen c. 1 700 E .Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 1 , Castell Trevilan 1 720PR Trefllan, Castell Trefilan 1 772PR Cilcennin, The Mount 1 799sur map Llanll}'r, Castell Trevilan 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol 2 p.409, Castell OS 1 834, Castell Trefllan (site of) OS 1 89 1 A certain lump . . . seemed t o b e artificially raised [1 720PR Trefilan]. Cnwcbugelydd -(SN 5 5 1 -597)[cnwc + y + bugelydd] ; Cnwc Bigeli 1 796sur map Whilst this appears on first glance to be identical to Bugeli (E. Begelly) [1992 PN Pembs: 472], the word here is bugelydd, the old plural of bugail. T. J. Thomas [ 1 940 Farrer 27/03/40: 4] noted that in the Capelcynon area: " . . . mae'r hen luosog 'bugelydd' yn aros yn y tir ochr yn ochr a bugeiliaid gwers Cyrnraeg yr ysgol. " The 1 796 form attests the elision of fmal as far N as this area; cf Gwynedd-fach (42-a). Gorsgoch -(SN 553 -600)[y + cors + coch] ; Gors-goch 1 796sur map Gwaun-y-march -(SN 5 52-601 )[gwaun + hn March]; Waun y March 1 796sur map The older name for Ajonmorgan (d) appears to have been March; cf R.hyd-y-fran (25-a). Pen-y-carnau -(SN 562-600) [pen + y + camau] ; Pen y Came 1 796sur map Pont Talsarn -(SN 544-561 )[pont + tn. Talsarn (42-a)] ; Pont y Brenin 1 649 Llanllyr MS S, Talsarn Bridge 1 799sur map Llanll}'r, (c) Caepontybrenin 1 826 Llanllyr MSS, Talsarne Bridge 1 839TMS, Pont Tal-sam OS 1 89 1 The present bridge was built when the course o f the river Aeron was canalised (before 1 799), its predecessor Pont-y-brenin lay nearby across Henajon(i). The name Pont-y-brenin has some connection with the lordship of Talsarn-a-Sulian which belonged to the Crown. Rhiw Eden -(SN 549-482)[rhiw + tn. Eden (42-a)] ; [hnw'e·den in£ ] in£

663

(43) ANHUNIOG CILCENNIN Ael-y-bryn

-(SN 506-592)(ael + y + bryn] ;

Aelybryn OS 1 982

Alma (Ukraine)] ; Alma (sign) Bane-bach -(SN 528-605) [banc + bach];

Alma

-(SN 5 1 9-600) [tn

Bane-bach OS 1 89 1 , Bane bach OS 1 982

Berllandeg -(SN

520-580)[y + perllan + teg] ;

Tir y Berllan 1 68 0 Crosswood MS S , Berllan Deg 1 746 Crosswood MSS , Berllandeg 1 760CF, Berllan, Berllan Deg 1 767PR Cilcennin,

(c) Berllan Deg Orchard 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Berllan Deg 1 803rnap

J. S inger, Berllan Deg OOS 1 8 1 9, Berllan-deg OS 1 834, B erllan-deg OS 1 89 1 , Tyryberllan als. Berllandeg >1 895rent -(SN 5 1 1 -604)[y + perllan + bach] ;

Berllan-fach

Tyr y Berllan vach 1 68 5 CD, Berllan vach 1 73 3 Cross wood MSS , Berllanfach 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p . 3 7, Berllan fach 1 840TMS, Berllan-ffi.ch O S 1 891

Bidaren -(SN 5 2 1 -606)[

? ];

Bydaren 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Bidarren 1886PR Cilcennin, Bidaren OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Benni Bidarren 1 959 B . A. Jones p.22 This name remains wholly obscure to me. A smith lived here in 1 8 1 4 -(SN 520- 587)[blaen + tn. Berllan[deg]

Blaenberllan

[ 1 814PR Cilcermin].

(43-a)] ;

Glan Berllan OOS 1 8 1 9, Glan-y-berllan OS 1 834, Hen Park 1 840TMS, Blaen-berllan OS 1 89 1 -(SN 509-602)[blaen + hn . Camel] ;

Blaencamel

Blaencamel 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaencanol 1 760CF, Blancamel 1 806 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Blaen Camel OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen-camel OS 1 834, Blaen-camel OS 1 89 1 , Blaencammel >1 895rent The site of Blaencamel is so much nearer the bottom than the headwaters of this river that one suspects an original

* Glancamel was reanalysed as Blaencamel.

If this was the case the reanalysis had occurred by

1 720 at the latest.

Blaenresgair

-(SN 5 30-607)[blaen + yr + esgair];

Esgir Tanyffordd ? 1 840TMS, Blaen-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 , Blaenresger 1 959 B.A. Jones p . 5 5

Blaenlluest -(SN

526-6 1 7) [blaen + y + lluest];

Blaenlluest 1 8 8 1PR Cilcennin, Blaenlluast 1 8 83PR Cilcennin, Blaen-lluest OS 1 89 1

Blaenplwyf -(SN 547-605) [blaen + y + plwyf] ; Blaen Plwy 1 8 1 6Encl map Anhuniog, Blaenplwy OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen-plwyf O S 1 83 4, Blaen y Plwy 1 83 5PR Cilcennin, Blaenplwy 1 83 8PR Cilcennin, Blaen-plwyf OS 1 89 1

Blaenwaun

-(SN 526-6 1 3) [blaen + y + gwaun];

Blaen y Wain 1 829PR Cilcennin, Blaen y Wain 1 840TMS , Blaen-waun O S 1 891

Bogi -(SN 5 09- 59 1 ) [E.

boggy];

[b;-,gi N.

Davies]

Boggy Hall 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Boggy 1 8 1 6PR Cilcennin, Boggau OS 1 982 A tanner was living here in the early nineteenth century

Bont-newydd

[1814-16PR Cilcermin].

-(SN 507-592)[y + pont + newydd] ;

Newbridge 1 746PR Cilcennin, Newbrige 1 792PR Cilcennin, Pont newydd 1 803map J. S inger, New Bridge End 1 8 1 4 NLW Deeds MS 1 3 07, Pont newydd (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 9, i'r Bont newydd 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. 3 7, Bontnew)rdd 1 825PR Nantgwnllau, (h) Newbridge 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p.456, Pont newydd OS 1 834, Bont newydd 1 83 6PR Cilcennin, Pontnewyo 1 84 1 PR Cilcennin, Newbridge, Pont Newydd OS 1 89 1 , i'r Bontnewydd 1 9 1 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 9, o'r Bont-newydd-ar-Aeron 1 927 in 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. 1 3 7, Newbridge 0Sc. 1 950, Bontnewydd 1 95 9 B.A. Jones p.74

Bro-Trychrug

-(SN 522-601 )[bro + tn. Trychrug (43-b)] ;

Bro Trichrug OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Brynmaen-bach

-(SN 532-620)[bryn + y + maen (+ bach)];

[br�.ma:n'ba:x, br�nmajn'ba:x Gr. Davies]

Bryn Ma'n bach 1 827PR Cilcennin, Bryn-maen OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-maen-bach OS 1 904, Brynmaenbach 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 5 5 The

-bach i s in opposition t o Brynmaen-mawr (47-a). 664

(43) ANHUNIOG Bwlchcastell -(SN

526-5 95) [bwlch + y + castell];

Bwlch y Castell 1 548 Crosswood MSS , Tythyn y Bulch 1 55 8 Crosswood MSS, Tir y Bwlch 1 570 Crosswood MS S, Tyr Bulch y Castell 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MS S, Tir Bwlch y Castell 1 6 1 4/ 1 5 Crosswood MSS , Bulch y Castle, Tyr Bulch y Castle 1 68 5 CD, Bulch y Castell 1 720 Crosswood MS S, Bwlch y Castell 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bwlch y Castell 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Bwlch Castell 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 3 7, Bwlch y Castell 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlch y Castell O OS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch-y-castell OS 1 834,

Bwlchcastell

1 83 6PR Cilcennin,

Bwlch-castell OS 1 89 1 ,

Bwllycastell als.

Bwlchycastell

>1 895rent, 'r Bwlch 1 959 B . A Jones p.79 Refers to Castell (43-b). Bwlchdwr -(SN 521 -606)[bwlch + y + dW!] ; [bulx�'du:r J.

Jones]

Bwlch-y DW! 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Bwlch y DWfr 1 8 1 7PR Cilcennin, Bwlch Dwr OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch-dwr OS 1 834, Bwlch y Dwr 1 840TMS, Bwlch-y-dW! O S 1 89 1 I believe this name refers t o a floodgate, cf

BwlchdWr

(47-a); a good spring here supplying water to

Aberaeron (45-a) [inf. J. Jones] . Bwlch-y-rofft -(SN 5 1 7-603) [bwlch + yr + grofft] ; Bwlch-yr-offt O S 1 89 1 , Bwlchyrofft 1 959 B . A Jones p . 3 8

Bwlchwernen

-(SN 530-5 80) [bwlch + y + gwernen] ;

Bwlch y Wemen 1 746 Crosswood MS S, Bwlch y Wernen OOS 1 8 1 9, Bwlch-y-wernen OS 1 834, Bwlch Wemen 1 840PR Cilcennin, Bwlch y Warren 1 840TMS, Bwlwernen 1 875 Ystrad SF, Bwlch-y-wernen O S 1 89 1 , Tyrywernen als. Bwlchywernen >1 895rent, Bwlchwemen 1 959 B. A.Jones p. 56

Cae-garn -(SN 529-606)[ cae + yr + cam] ; Caegarn 1 8 1 5PR Cilcennin, Cae-garn OS 1 89 1

Caerdroea -(SN

5 1 1 -598)[tn. Caerdroea];

Caerdroia 1 8 1 0 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Cae'r Droia 1 8 1 3PR Cilcennin, Cardroia 1 8 1 6 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Caerdroia 1 822PR Cilcennin, Caedria 1 840TMS, Cardroya 1 8 57PR Cilcennin, yng Nghaerdroia 1 869 B. Williams p. 73 The meaning of Caerdroea was 'a puzzle' in the dialect of Cwmgwaun (a drawing of a maze accompanies the explanation) [ 1 91 0 w. M. Morris: 49] and 'a maze' compared the English dialect phrase

in the dialect of Bangor, for which 0. H. Fynes-Clinton Walls of Troy [ 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 248] , it is unclear whether this has any

bearing on this place-name - referring to an unordered patch of fields - or whether it was simply an

Castellgwrtheyrn, 42-a, 41-a) ; cf Caerdroea ( 1 2-a). [ka·,v�r�m'va:x Gr. Davies, o,g av,�r�m'va:x;, kar

allusion to the mythical ancient history of the Welsh (cf

Caerfyrddin-fach -(SN 5 1 3-61 0)[tn. ,v�r�m'va:x J. Jones]

Caerfyrddin (+ bach)] ;

Caerfyrddin fach 1 803 map J. Singer, Caerfyrddin vach 1 8 13PR Cilcennin, Carmarthen fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Caerfyrddin fach O S 1 834, Caerferddin fach 1 840TMS, Caerfyrddin-ffich OS 1 891 The -fach is in opposition to the town of Caeifyrddin (E. Carmarthen, Carms.). Cae-rhos -(SN 549-61 2)[cae + yr + rhos] ; Caerhos 1 79 8 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 37, Cae-rhos OS 1 834, Cae-rhos O S 1 89 1

Camau

-(SN 5 1 8-589)[camau] ; Carne 1 75 7PR Cilcennin, Pencame 1 760CF, Carnau 1 79 1PR Cilcennin, (pn.) Griffith y Carnau 1 795PR Cilcennin, Camau OOS 1 8 1 9, Camau O S 1 834, Came 1 840TMS , Carne 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 5 22, Camau

yrna' Ty Mari Isaac, Ty Tim Ann, a Ty Mari Jac 1 959 B . A. Jones p. 56, Cilcennin 1 980 E.Edwards p. 70 A nonconformist meeting-house was built here in 1 808-09 [ c. 1 902 E. R Horsfall-Turner: 280; 1 958 WGaz. 21/08/58; 1 980 E. Edwards: 70; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 55] ; and lasted to 1 85 0s [ 1 958 WGaz. 2 1 /08/58] . It was replaced by Ebeneser ( 43-a) [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 70 ] ; denom. WM [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 52] . Cefngaer -(SN 536-61 8)[cefn + y + caer]; O S 1 89 1 , Capel Camau 1 95 8 WG 2 1 108/58, Carnau, 'cofir am bump o dai

Dafys, Ty Bevan, Ty

Kefn Ycaereu 1 273 in 1 983 J.B. Smith p. 3 5 5, Tythyn Keven y Kayre issa 1 596 Crosswood MS S, Keven y Gaer 1 685 CD, Ceven y Gaer 1 734PR Cilcennin, Keven y Gaer 1 73 7PR Cilcennin, Kevenygare 1 7 60CF, Cefenygar 1 794PR Cilcennin, Cefen y Gaer 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 3 8, Cefen y Gaer 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Cefn y Gaer OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn y Ga'r 1 827PR Cilcennin, Cefn-y-gaer OS 1 834, Cefngaer 1 840TMS, Cefngare 1 85 7PR Cilcennin, Cefngar 1 87 1 PR Cilcennin, Cefngaerissa > 1 895rent The earliest forms shows a reanalysis of the plural

caerau

665

caer, probably with no Tyn-y-castell (43-a).

to the singular

of meaning as the name referred to the earthwork at SN 534- 6 1 2; cf

change

(43) ANHUNIOG CILCENNIN -(SN

5 1 0-60 1 )[cil + pn. Cennin ?] ;

[kd'kemn

in£ ]

Kilkennin 1 3 0()414 BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 88, Cilkennin 1 528 NLW M S 29 1 2 p. 1 1 , Kylkenyn 1 548 Crosswood MS S, Kilkennyn 1 5 50 Crosswood MS S, Kilkenen 1 55 8 Crosswood MSS, Kil Kenin c. 1 5 66EPC, Kilkennyn 1 578map C . Saxton, Kilkennin 1 602 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Kilekenyn 1 602 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Kilkenin 1 608/09 CD, Kylkennin als. Keyveinon 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MS S , Kilkenyn 1 630 Lucas M S 421 9, Kilkeny als. Kilkennen 1 674 Price of Norton MSS, Killkenin 1 68 5 CD, Kilkenine 1 690 in > 1 76 1 E. Yardley p.349, Kilkenny als. Llanbademe Kilkennyn 1 696/97 Price o f Norton MS S, Kilkenni c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Kilkennyn 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Kilcennyn 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Kilkefiyn 1 734PR Cilcennin, Kilkennin 1 740PR Cilcennin, Killkenyn 1 760map E.Bowen, Kill Kennyn 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Kilkemin als. Llanbardane

[ ] 1 792 Price of Norton MSS, Kilkennin als.

Llanbadame Kilkennin 1 793 Derry Ormond MS S, Cil y Cennin 1 799EPC, Cilcennyn 1 803 map J. Singer, Gilliennin 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, Cilcennyn 008 1 8 1 9, Cilcennin O S 1 834, Kilkennin (Cll-cenin) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p . 4 5 5 , Cilcennin, Holy Trinity Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , i'r Pentref uchaf 1 959 B . A Jones p.49 This ancient parish had been annexed to the neighbouring parish of Llanbadarn Trefeglwys by at least the

[ 1 696/97 Price of Norton MSS; 1 720PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys; 1 734PR Ci1cennin] . While early Cenwyn [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 284], or Cannen [1 833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .456] extrapolated from the name itself, the dedication proves to have been to the Holy Trinity, cf hn. Nant-y-drindod. B. A Jones [1959: 4] notes that it is probably the ballads of one Stephen Jones in the early nineteenth century that connected the name Llanfairyw with Cilcennin, and this late seventeenth century

nineteenth-century antiquarians referred to dedications such as

gave rise to the opinion that the church was originally dedicated to the virgin Mary, he concludes "Gan fod F:fynnon Fair yn lied agos, hawdd oedd credu y gallai hynny fod yn to be a saint

Cennin,

wir." Whilst there does not seem

is it feasible that this reflects an unattested old Brittonic personal-name based on

cant or cim with a suffix -in (there is no assured example of a personal-name with cant, though in Breton survives we have the possible, Langanteg (Cleden-Poher, Finistere), and Langidig (F. Languidic, Morbihan), Lankintic 1 1 60, Languindic 1 29 1 [ 1 908 J . Loth: 244]). However, it is easier to see the common word cennin, as referring to the plant called 'leeks' in English (L. Allium scoroprasum and Allium ampeloprasum) and this is the local meaning in Cilcennin, as throughout southern Wales. However, in parts of northern Wales cennin refers to the flower 'daffodils' (L. Narcissus pseudonarcissus), whilst the Breton cognate of the word kignenn (OB. caeninn, MB . quinghen [DGVB: 93]) refers to both 'garlic' (L. Allium sativum) and 'wild-garlic, ramsons' (L. Allium ursinum) [ 1 992 F. Favereau s.v. kignenn] . The Irish cognate cainneann (OI. cainenn) refers not only to 'leeks', but also to 'garlic' [Vendryes: C-1 9; DIL s.v. cainnenn] (as opposed to OI. crem, crim [Vendryes: C-229], Mnl. creamh, W. era/, OB. cram [DGVB: 121 ], all meaning 'wild-garlic'). Church reb. 1 83 5 [ 1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 .456] ; reb. 1 889 [ 1 959 B. A Jones: 73] . The quarter about the church was called pentre'�za [inf J. Jones], in opposition to Pentre-isa (43-a). The nickname of the inhabitants of Cilcennin was: Hwrddod Cilcennin [191 1 J. C. Davies: 330]. Cluncam -(SN 525-6 1 1 ) [clun + cam] ; where medial

-

Glanrhos als. Clyn Cam (sic) 1 8 1 3PR Cilcennin, Climcam 1 840TMS, Clyn-cam OS 1 89 1 , Caecam als. Clyncam > 1 895rent, Bridport House OS 1 904, Glyncam 'lle saif Bridport House 1 959 B . A. Jones p. 5 5

Colej

-(SN 523 -6 1 1 ) [E. college] ; College 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, College 1 840TMS

Croesffordd Rhiwlas

-(SN 542-600)[croesffordd + tn. Rhiwlas (43-a)] ;

[�'gr�jsf�r6 E. Griffiths] Arms 1 83 9PR Cilcennin,

Croesffordd Rhywlas 1 83 6PR Cilcennin, Croesffordd Rhiwlas

Rhiwlas Arms

(P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Groes Fforo 1 893PR Cilcennin, Groesffordd, Garage O S 1 982, Y Groesffordd 1 986 Barcud n.98

Cwarre -(SN 509-603)[cwarre] ; Cevenquarrey, Cevenquarry 1 8 1 2 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Quarrey 1 8 13PR Cilcennin, Quarre 1 822PR Cilcennin, Quarry 1 840TMS, Quarry Cottage O S 1 89 1 , Cwarre 1 959 B. A.Jones p. 55, yng Nghwarre Panteg 1 95 9 B . A. Jones p . 52

Cwmersial

-(SN 520-60 1 ) [E. commercial] ;

Edwards, R Richards

[kmn'erJal

J. Williams,

ko'm�rJ�l

J. Jones,

tavarn,kd 'kenm

L.

(Llanrhystud)]

Cilcennin Tavam in 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Cilcennin Public House 1 8 1 6PR Cilcennin, Commercial Inn OS 1 89 1 , The 'Commercial' 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 25 , Commercial 1 959 B . A.Jones p. 52

666

(43) ANHUNIOG Cwm-March-isa -(SN 544-61 5)[cwm + march (+ isaf)] ; Tir S cybor Cwm March, Llain Cwm Much 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Cwm Merch 1 685 CD, Tyr Skybor Cummarch 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Tyr Skybor Cymmarch, Llaine Cummarch 1 7 1 4PR Crosswood MSS, Cwmrnarch 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Cwm March 1 734PR Cilcennin, Cwm March issa 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Cwrnarch 1 794PR Cilcennin, Cwm Mack OOS 1 8 1 9, Cwm-march 1 825PR L1anbadarn Trefeglwys, Cwm-march O S 1 834, Cwmrnarch issaf 1 838PR Cilcennin, Cwm-march-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Tir y Cwm March > 1 895rent, Cwm-march uchaf 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 5 5 The position of this site as well as that of Gwaun-y-march (42-b), makes it likely that March was the name of the stream - now called Afonmorgan (d). Cwm-March-ucha -(SN 544-61 4)[cwm + march (+ uchaf)]; Blaen Cwm March 1 81 5PR Cilcennin, Cwm-march-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Dre-fach -(SN 5 1 2-602)[y + tref + bach] ; Drevach 1 793PR Cilcennin, Drefach 1 8 1 1 NLW MS 6 12-B, Trefach OOS 1 8 1 9, Tre-fach O S 1 834, Drefach 1 840TMS, Dre-±ach OS 1 891 Ebeneser -(SN 5 1 9-604)[Bibl.tn. Ebenezer]; Ebenezer Chapel (Wes. ) OS 1 89 1 , Cilcennin c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.280, Ebeneser 1 959 B.AJones p. 56 b. 1 858 [1959 B . A Jones : 72; 1 980 E. Edwards : 70] ; closed 1 978 [1980 E. Edwards: 70] ; denom WM; replaced earlier chapel at Carnau (43-a). Esgairwen -(SN 529-6 1 0) [esgair + gwen]; Eskyrwen 1 760CF, Eskir Wen 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Esger 1 768PR Cilcennin, Eskerwen 1 797PR Cilcennin, Esgair Wenn 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p.3 8, Esgeir Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, Esgerwen 1 826PR Cilcennin, Esgair-wen OS 1 89 1 , Esgirwen 1 840TMS, Esgair-wen OS 1 891 Ffoshelyg -(SN 5 1 9-61 1)[ffos + helyg] ; [fos'hehg J. Jones] Fosheilog ?? 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Foes Helig 1 703 Hendrefelen MSS, Ffoes-helyg 1 8 1 6PR Cilcennin, Blaen Pen y Wem als. Ffoeshelig 1 83 3PR Cilcennin, Ffoes Helig 1 83 7PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Ffoshelig 1 840TMS, Ffos-helyg OS 1 89 1 Ffymdy -(SN 5 1 3-592)[ffyrndy]; Ffwrndu 1 8 1 6PR Cilcennin, Ffwrndy 1 8 19PR Cilcennin, Ffwrn Du OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffwrn-ddu OS 1 834, (c) Ffwrndy 'un o gaeau Ty-mawr' 1 959 B.A.Jones p. 67 Ficrej -(SN 520-602)[E. vicarage]; [VIkred3 J. Jones] A Vicaredge House 1 720 in 1 950s WGaz. n.c. ATL, Parsonage 1 825PR Cilcennin, Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , 'r Ficerdy 1 959 B. A.Jones p.49, The Old Vicarage OS 1 982 Fron-isa -(SN 526-578)[y + bron (+ isaf)] ; Tyr y Vron 1 630 Lucas MS 4,2 1 9, Tir y Vron 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Tyr Vron 1 685 CD, Vron 1 720PR Cilcennin, Ty yn y Vron 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Ty yn y Fron 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tynyfron 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 37, 'Fron OS.c 1 83 0, Fron 1 837PR Nantgwnllau, Fron-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Tynyfron >1 895rent Fron-ucha -(SN 526-581)[y + bron (+ uchaf)] ; Y Fron OOS 1 8 1 9, Vron ucha 1 81 9PR Cilcennin, Vronfach ? 1 83 7PR Cilcennin, Fron uchaf 1 840TMS, (c) Bankyfron c. 1 892 n c. in NLW Min.Dep. (1 982) p. 37, Bolayrvron als. Bolafron ? >1 895rent Glanbran -(SN 539-6 1 9)[glan + hn. Bran(ii)] ; Glanblaen 1 690rent f 1 6, Glan Brain 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Glanbrane 1 740 Plas Llangoedmor MSS, Glan Brfm 1 803PR Cilcennin, Glan Bran OOS 1 8 1 9, Glan-bran OS 1 834, Glanbrane 1 840TM8, Glan-bran O S 1 89 1 It i s possible that Glanbriin was named after the mansion o f Glanbriin (Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, Carms.), cf. Glanbriin ( 1 a) . If so the river-name Bran(ii) is a secondary formation. Glanrhos -(SN 523 -61 0)[glan + y + rhos]; Glan y Rhos 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 3 8, Glan y Rhos OS 1 8 1 3 , Glanrhos 1 8 1 6PR Cilcennin, Glanrhos OOS 1 8 1 9, Glan-rhos OS 1 834, Glan-rhos 08 1 89 1 Glanrhyd -(SN 548-61 3) [glan + y + rhyd] ; Glayrhyd 1 875PR Cilcennin, Glan-rhyd OS 189 1 , Glawrhyd 1 9 1 1 PR Cilcennin, Glan Rhyd + Y 8gubor Dy 081 982 Glynaeron -(8N 506-591 ) [glyn + hn Aeron]; -

667

(43) ANHUNIOG Glyn Aeron OS 1 982 Gogerddan -(SN 522-617)[tn. Gogerddan (72-a)] ; Gogerddan OS1 891 Gwarfelin -(SN 5 1 8-603)[gwar + y + melin] ; Gwarferlin (sign) Gwarffynnon -(SN 549-606) [gwar + y + ffynnon] ; Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 Gwastad -(SN 542-600)[gwastad]; Gwastad OS 1 89 1 , Gwastad OS1 982, Gwastod (sign) Gwemgaradog -(SN 524-603)[gwern + pn Caradog]; Wem Caradog OS1 982 Hendre -(SN (ii)522-60 1 )[hendrefj ; [hendre J. Williams] Hendre 1 685 CD, Tyr yr Hendre 1 720 Crosswood MS S, Rhrendre 1 749PR Cilcennin, Rhendre 1 764PR Cilcennin, Hendre 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Hendre OOS 1 8 1 9, Hendre O S 1 834, Hendre 1 840TMS, Hendre OS 1 891 i) SN 522-602. 1 840. ii) SN 522-601 . 1 89 1 . The hendref here - some 200m below the church is the nearest agricultural settlement to Cilcennin (43a) church, and as such is more likely to refer to the old settlement of Cilcennin than anything else. Henfaes -(SN 5 1 5-600)[hen + maes]; Henvas 1 8 1 0 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Hen Faes OS 1 834, Henfaes 1 840TMS, Henfaes OS 1 89 1 Llaethdy -(SN 526-601 )[11aethdy]; Llaethdy 1 792PR Cilcennin, Llaethdy 1 794PR Cilcennin, Llaethdy OOS 1 81 9, Llaethdy OS 1 83 4, Letty 1 840TMS, Llaethdy OS 1 891 It is too adventurous to connect the twelfth-century poet, Llywarch Llaety [ c. l 400 Hendreg. : 2 94] with this particular place; cf Llwynllaethdy (41 -a). Llaindelyn -(SN 538-61 5)[llain + y + telyn]; Llaindelin 1 77 5PR Cilcennin, Llain-y-delyn OS 1 89 1 Llandydoch -(SN 523-602)[tn. Llandydoch (81-a)]; Llandudoch 1 88 1PR Cilcennin, Llandudoch, Ywen Villa 'was built in its place' 1 959 B. A.Jones p. 55 The ywen in Ywen Villa seems to have been suggested by nearby Tynrywen (43-a). Llwyncelyn -(SN 5 1 4-60 1 )[11wyn + y + celyn] ; Llwyn y Celyn 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1 Loj -(SN 504-599)[E. lodge]; Ty-glyn Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Ty-glyn Lodge O S 1 904, 'r Lodge 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 76 This was a lodge to Tyglyn-ucha (43-a). Maes-y-felin -(SN 5 1 8-603)[maes + y + melin]; [fatri'wla·n J. Jones] Millfield 1 81 9PR Cilcennin, Maes y Felyn 1 826PR Cilcennin, Masyfelin 1 875 Ystrad SF, Maes-y-felin O S 1 89 1 , 'when transformed into a house, the smithy in Pentre-isa was named' Maes y Felin 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 5 5 Maesffynnon -(SN 530-606)[maes + y + ffynnon] ; Maes-y-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Maesffynnon 1 959 B . A. Jones p . 5 5, Oakland OS1 982 Maes-yr-haf -(SN 524-603)[maes + yr + hafj ; Maes-yr-haf OS 1 982 Maesmynach -(SN 5 3 8-594)[maes + y + mynach] ; Maes-mynach OS 1 834, Maesmynach 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Maesymynach 1 840TMS, Maes­ mynach OS 1 89 1 Melin Cilcennin -(SN 5 1 8-603)[melin + tn. Cilcennin (43-a)]; Newe Mill 'manor of Cilcennin' 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 1 04, Tythyn y Velyn dan Eglwys Kilkenin, Melin Kilkennin als. Melyn Newydd yn ymil Eglwys Kilkenyn 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Tythyn y Velyn dan Eglwys Kilkennin, Melin Kilkennin als. y Velyn newyth yn ymill Eglws Kilkennin 1 7 1 4 Crosswood MSS, Killkenin Mill 1 733 Crosswood MSS, The Mill 1 756PR Cilcennin, Melin Kilkennin 1 764 Llanllawddog MSS p.62, Mill 1 792PR Cilcennin, Kilcennin Mill 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 3 8, Cilcennin -

,

668

(43) ANHUNIOG Mill 1 8 1 3PR Cilcennin, Mill OOS 1 8 1 9, By the Mill of Cilcennin 1 822PR Cilcennin, Mill 1 840TMS, Woollen Factory O S 1 904, Y Ffatri Wlan 1 959 B.A.Jones fac.p.72 Meurig Hall -(SN 528-604)[pn. Meurig + E. hall] ; Meurig Hall OS 1 982 Though there existed a building here in the eighteenth century [1765map Plas Cilcennin], the present building was b.bet. 1 904-82 [OS1904; OS1982] . Mount Hope -(SN 528-605)[E. mount + hope] ; Mount Hope OS1 891 Mownt -(SN 520-609)[£. mount] ; [mownt J. Jones] Mountain Gate 1 83 3PR Cilcennin, Mountain Gate OS 1 89 1 , Mountain Gate 0Sc. 1 950, 'r Mount 1 959 B.A.Jones p. 54, Mount OS 1 982 This received its name from being at the entrance to Rhos Cilcennin (47-b). New Bethlehem -(SN 525-6 1 6) [£. new + Bibl.tn Bethlehem]; New Bethlehem 1 883PR Cilcennin, New Bethlehem OS 1 89 1 Niwgat -(SN 503-600)[E. new + gate]; [niW'ge:t Gr. Davies, mwgat J . Jones] Newgate 1 772map M.Williams, Newgate 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p.37, New Gate 1 81 5PR Cilcennin, New Gate O OS 1 8 1 9, Newgate OS 1 834, Newgate Farm OS 1 89 1 Oerfa-ddu -(SN 520-61 3) [oerfa + du]; [�rva'�i: J . Jones] Y Llain oddiar y Oerva ? 1 680 Crosswood MSS , Caeau r Rhos 1 803map J. Singer, Orfa Ddu 1 823PR Cilcennin, Oerfa-ddu OS 1 834, Orva Ddu, Orva 1 832PR Cilcennin, Orfa-ddu OS 1 904, Orfaddu 1 959 B.A. Jones p.54 Pant-teg -(SN 520-591 )[pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 , Panteg 1959 B. A.Jones p. 52 Parcau -(SN 539-6 1 1)[parciau] ; Parke 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Ty-pica OS 1 89 1 , Parciau OS 1 904 Parc-y-rhos -(SN 5 52-608)(parc + y + rhos] ; Pant-y-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-rhos O S 1 904, Parcyrhos 1 959 B. A. Jones p.55 Refers to Rhos-y-biswail (43-b). Penbryn -(SN 520-606)[pen + y + bryn] ; [pen'br�n J. Jones] Pen y Bryn 1 840TMS, Pen-y-bryn OS 1 891 , Penbryn OS 1 982 Penbryu-bach -(SN 520-608) [pen + y + bryn (+ bach)] ; Penbryn bach 1 828PR Cilcennin, Pen-y-bryn-bach OS 1 89 1 , Penbrynbach 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 5 1 Pencnwc -(SN 509-604) [pen + y + cnwc] ; [pen'knuk J . Jones] Pen y Cnwck 1 73 1 PR Cilcennin, Pen y Cnwch 1 746PR Cilcennin, Pen-y-knwck 1 772map M.Williams, Pen Cynwc OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-y-cnwc OS1 834, Pencnwc 1 83 8PR Cilcennin, Penycnwc 1 83 9TMS Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Pencnwc 1 959 B.A.Jones p.56 Pencwm -(SN 544-61 2) [pen + y + cwm] ; Pencwm 1 83 5PR Cilcennin, Pen-cwm OS 1 89 1 , (f pn. ) Pegi Bencwm 1 959 B. A.Jones p. 1 1 Pendibyn -(SN c. 5 1 8-603)[pen + y + dibyn] ; [pen'dibin J. Williams] Pendibyn 1 823PR Cilcennin, Pendibyn 1 959 B. A.Jones p. 41 In Pentre-isa, on the side of the road. Pengraig-fach -(SN 526-5 85)[pen + y + craig + bach] ; Penygraig 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Penygraig-vach 1 8 1 3PR Cilcennin, Peny Graig 1 840TMS, Pen-y­ graig-tach OS 1 89 1 , Penygraig >1 895rent, Pen-graig fach OS1 982 Penparc -(SN 526-604)[pen + y + pare] ; Pen-pare OS 1 89 1 , Lon 'on Llaethdy land, about fifty yards from the house today called' Lon, 'its old name was' Penparc 1 959 B.A.Jones p. 55, Lon OS1 982 Penrhiw -(SN 509-594)(pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen y Rhyw Bwlch 1 805PR Cilcennin, Penrhyw 1 81 5PR Cilcennin, Pen-rhiw OS 1 834, Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiw isaf + uchaf 1 959 B .A. Jones p.53 Pentre-isa -(SN 5 1 8-603)[pentref (+ isaf)] ; [pentre'Isa, pentre'ij'a J. Jones] i'r Pentref isaf 1 959 B .A.Jones p.49 This refers to the quarter of Cilcennin about Melin Cilcennin (43-a); cf Pentre-ucha sub Cilcennin (43-a). Penwem -(SN 5 1 4-605)[pen + y + gwern] ; 669

(43) ANHUNIOG Tyddyn Pen y Werne 1 596 Crosswood MSS, Tyr y Werne ? 1 630 Lucas MS 421 9, Pen y Wern 1 760CF, Penwern 1 840TMS, Pen-wern OS 1 89 1 C f Ffoshelyg (43-a). Perthi-bach -(SN 521 -588) [perthi (+ bach)] ; Perthi bach 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Perthy bach 1 840TMS, Perthi-bach OS 1 89 1 Perthi-llwydon -(SN 522-589)[perthi + llwydion] ; Tir y Perthy Llwydon 1 682 Llanllyr MSS, Perth y Llwydon 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Perthi Llwydon 1 743PR Cilcennin, Perthillwydon 1 760CF, Perthi 1 782PR Cilcennin, Perthyllwydone 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 3 8, Perth y Llwydon OOS 1 81 9, Perthi-llwyddion O S 1 834, Perth Llwydon, Perth y Llwydon 1 840TMS, Perthi-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Perthyllwydion als. Perthillwydon > 1 895rent Plas-bach -(SN 522-61 3 )[plas + bach] ; [pla:s'ba:z J. Jones] Plas-bach OS891 Plas Cilcennin -(SN 5 3 1 -604)[plas + tn. Cilcennin (43-a)] ; Kilkenin Demesne 1 690rent f 1 6, Kilkenin House 1 720 Crosswood MS S, Kilkennin House 1 740PR Cilcennin, Kilcennin Palace 1 743 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 55, Place 1 746PR Cilcennin, Kilkennin Demesne 1 747 Crosswood MSS, Kilcennin House 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol 6 p. 37, Plas Cilcennyn 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.285, Lone Place (prox.?) 1 81 7PR Cilcennin, Plas 1 8 1 8PR Cilcennin, Plas Cilcennyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Plas Cilcennin OS 1 834, Plas Cilcennin 1 83 9PR Cilcennin, i Balas Cilcenyn 1 869 B.Williams p.33 This, as its name suggests, had been a mansion, but by 1 808 was only a farmhouse [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 285] . Pontbran -(SN 542-61 7)[pont + hn. Bran(ii)]; Pont Bran OS 1 834, Pont Bran 1 836PR Cilcennin, Pont-bran OS 1 891 Cf Pontbriin (43-b), Glanbran (43-a). Pwll-y-broga -(SN 524-61 2)[pwll + y + broga] ; Pwll y Broga 1 83 9PR Cilcennin, B laen y Waun (sic) 1 840TMS, Pwll-y-broga OS 1 89 1 , Lyra Villa OS1 904 The place-name Pwll(-y-)broga appears to be a fairly common one. cf Frog's Hole (Uzmaston, Pembs.), Froghol 1 324; Frog's Hole (Roell, Pembs.), Froghole 1 577; Frog's Hole (St. Issells, Pembs.), Frogholl c. 1 5 84 [1938 B. G. Charles: 72, 1 04 ] ; Frogmere is a common name in Devon [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 129] . Pwllglas -(SN 526-61 0)[pwll + glas]; Pwll-glas OS 1 891 Rhiwlas-facb -(SN 542-61 1 )[rhiw + glas (+ bach)]; [hnwlas'va:z Gr. Jones] Rhiwlas-filch OS 1 891 Rhiwlas-isa -(SN 532-61 0)[rhiw + glas (+ isaf)]; [hrtwlas D. W. Jones, hnwlas'iJa Gr. Jones, hnw'lasd5 (coli. ) Gr. Jones] Rhiwlas 1 723PR Cilcennin, Rhiwlas issa 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Rhiwlas 1 796sur map, Rhiwlase issa 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 37, Rhiw Las isa 1 803map J.Singer, Rhywlas 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhiwlas isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhywlas issa 1 82 1 PR Cilcennin, Rhiwlas-isaf OS 1 834, Rhiwlas ishaf 1 840TMS, Rhiwlas-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Rhiwlasissa >1 895rent Rhiwlas-ucha -(SN 540-609) [rhiw + glas (+ uchaf)] ; Rhulas ycha 1 720 Crosswood MSS , Rhiwlas ucha 1 765map Plas Cilcennin, Rhiwlase ucha 1 798 i n 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 37, Rhiw Las ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Rhywlas ? 1 809PR Cilcennin, Rhiwlas ucha 1 81 4PR Cilcennin, Rhiwlas uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhiwlas-uchaf OS 1 834, Rhiwlas uchaf 1 840TMS, Rhiwlas­ uchaf OS 1 891 Seion -(SN 5 1 9-600)[Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Cilcennin 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 522, Indt. Chap. OS 1 89 1 , Cilcennin (Zion) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, Capel Seion OS1 904, yng Nghapel Seion 1 959 B . A. Jones p . 5 1 b. 1 775 [1851Re1 cens . : 522; c.l 902 E . R . Horsfall-Tumer: 278; 1 959 B . A Jones: 72] ; reb. 1 803 [ 1 959 B . A Jones: 72] ; enl. 1 805 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 55] ; reb. 1 83 5 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 278] ; reb. 1 859 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 278; 1 959 B. A Jones: 72] ; denom. I. Soar -(SN 5 3 8-61 0)[Bibl.tn. Zoart Zoar 1 8 1 7PR Cilcennin, Soar Cottage OS 1 89 1 Stabl-fach -(SN 520-601 ) [stabal'va:z E. Griffiths] inf Directly below Comersial (43-a), now empty and closed-up. 670

(43) ANHUNIOG Summerhouse -(SN 506-594) [E.

summerhouse] ;

Summerhouse OS 1 891 Probably a summerhouse to

Tir-bach

Tyglyn-ucha (43-a).

-(SN 53 1 -6 1 7) [tir + bach] ;

Tir y Tuy bach 1 680 Crosswood MSS , Tir bach 1 793PR Cilcennin, Tyr bach 1 840TMS See Tyn-y-castell (43-a). Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 523 -602)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troedyrhiw, 'house used as a smithy by Siaci'r Go after having built' Brynteg 1 959 B . A Jones p. 55, Brynteg O S 1 982 b. bet . 1 765-1 891 [ 1 765map Plas Cilcennin; OS 1 891 ] .

Ty'rardd

-(SN 5 1 9-600)[ty + yr + gardd];

[ti'rar1 895rent, Ty Trichrug 1 959 B.A.Jones p. 55 The tn. Trychrug-ucha als. Pantcou stood somewhere above Ty-Trychrug. Wyndarra -(SN 520-599) [E.tn. ? ] ; Wyndarra O S 1 982 This name is reminiscent of Windera, and Windorah, two places in Queensland (Australia). Ysgol Cilcennin -(SN 5 1 9-600)[ysgol + tn. Cilcennin (43-a)] ; Cilcennin C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS1 982 b. 1 877 [ 1 959 B. A Jones: 81 ; 1 9 82 Llais Aeron: 7] . For a fifty years before the Board School was opened, school was held in 'Sgoldyfach, b.c. 1 83 1 [ 1 959 B. A. Jones: 8 1 , 85 ] . Ystafellwen -(SN 521 -609)[ystafell + gwen]; [stavcl J. Jones] Stafell Wen 1 768PR Cilcennin, Stafellwen 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Ystafell Wen OS 1 834, Stafellwen 1 840TMS, Stafell-wen OS 1 982 geonyms Ant Caerloew -(SN 501-600)[allt + tn Caerloew] ; Alit Treloyw OS 1 904, yn Gaerloew (prox.) 1 91 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 1 Caerloew is the Welsh name of Gloucester (Gloucs.), and this was the name of a nearby ruin on the banks of the Camel stream, near Tyglyn [ 1 91 4 Cymru: 47 . 1 1 ] . Banc-y-camau -(SN 523-594)[banc + tn. Carnau (43-a)] ; Bane y Camau OS 1 834, Bane y Carnau OS 1 891 Casteli -(SN 528-589) [castell] ; Bwlch y Castell OS1 834, Castell (site of) OS1 904 Cf Bwlchcastell (43-a). Cwarre'rbwlch -(SN 528-590)[cwarre + tn. Bwlchcastell (43-a)] ; Old Quarry OS 1 89 1 , o Gwarre'r Bwlch 1 959 B.A. Jones p.62 Ffynnonfair -(SN 521 -604)[ffynnon + f pn. Mair] ; Ffynnon Fair OS1891, 'a stream whose course ran past' Ffynnon Fair 'from Ficrej to Pentre-isa' 1 959 B.A. Jones p.49 Pontbran -(SN 542-61 9)[pont + hn. Bran(ii)]; Pont Bran 008 1 81 9, Pont Bran 1 839TM8, Pont Glan-bran 081 891, Pont Glanbran 1 903 Cymru vol.25 p.227 Cf Pontbran (43-a). Rhos-y-biswail -(8N 549-608)[rhos + y + biswail]; Rhos y Biswel 1 680 Crosswood MS8, Rhose-y-biswell l 694 Crosswood MSS, Rhos y Biswel 'common' 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog Trychrug -(8N 542-599)[try- + crug] ; [t�ng N.Davies, D.W.Jones] Tru Chrieg 1 760map E.Bowen, Iron Mountain 1 760map E.Bowen, Tri-crug Hill, Tri-crftg Hill 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 1 0, Tri Chrftg 008 1 8 1 9, Mynydd Trichrug 1 833 8.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vo1. 1 p. 1 77, Trichrug Aeron 08 1 834, Talsam Mountain 1 872 T.Nicholas p. 1 32, i Drichrug 1 881 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p.3 0, Trichrug, Tumuli 08 1 89 1 , Pentychryd mawr 1 9 1 1 J.C .Davies p.320, Pen Tychrug 'dyna'r enw lleol ar fynydd' Trichrug 1 959 B.A. Jones p. 8, Pentrichrug 1 959 B.A. Jones p.42, Y Trichrug 1 963 D.RDavies p.45

672

(43) ANHUNIOG The form of 1 760 is for E.

Aeron Mountain, cf the form of 1 834 Tryehrng Aeron, which presumably

distinguishes it from the other Tryehrug in Carmarthenshire. The loss of the first , through dissimilation is attested as early in the forms of Ty-Tryehrng (43-a) , e. g. Tiehreig 1 694, Tiehreeg 1 71 4, Tyehrig 1 830. There is no mystery with the second part of the name which is undoubtedly erng 'tumulus', but the initial try- could have any of three meanings. The first meaning - and most common interpretation of try- - is as a variant of tri 'three'; so S. Lewis [ 1 833 (1850 ed.n): 1 . 1 77] who noted three tumuli near its summit, though four tumuli are shown on OS maps [OS1 891 ; OS1 904]. The form as a variant form of is also found in trybedd 'tripod', tryfer 'gaff, fish-spear', and tryfal 'triangle', lit. 'three joints', and is

tri (cf in present-day Breton tri 'three', but tregont 'thirty' � trieont, Gaul. trieontis [DGVB: 320]). More recent coinings with tri compounded also tend to give tr�- in Cardiganshire, e.g. triehant realised tr�zant, and tns., Trisant tr�sant (61-a), Abertrinant aber'tr�nant (47-a), Carregtriphlwyf kareg 'tr�floj (30-b). The second meaning of try- (also found under the variant form tra-) is as an intensifying or magnifying prefix [1945 I. Williams: 1 5; 1 967-70 M. Richards : 90] , as found in the pn Trahaearn composed of tra- + haearn [1985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 98]. Other examples of the prefix try-!tra- in Welsh toponymy are to be found in the common term trallwng 'lake', and the prefix is shown to cause aspiration in Traffwll (SH 32-76, Llanfihangel-)TI-Nhywyn, Angl.), which - being over l km in characteristic of archaic compounds with

OB.

length at its widest - refers to the largest of three lakes in the immediate vicinity. The third meaning of

*try- 'beyond' - attested in the guise of the variant tra in Welsh - is a reduced form of traw 'beyond' (CC. *triis, cf L. trans), which caused aspiration [J. Loth in 1919 RC: 37.30; LHEB: 637, 657], as found in the OB.tn. Poutroeoet 'land beyond the wood', MnB.tn. Porhoet, though the meaning 'beyond the tumulus' seems inappropriate for Tryehrng mountain which constitutes the 'tumulus' in question. We are left to choose between try- with the meaning 'three' and the magnifying prefJX try-, and in trying to discern between both meanings it is important to ascertain whether erng was anciently a masculine noun, as it is in Welsh at the present-day. As the neuter gender has become obsolete in modem Celtic languages - with only feminine and masculine genders surviving - it is difficult to ascertain whether any particular term in Welsh was formerly a neuter. The methods usually adopted to ascertain whether a word was originally of neuter gender are: 1 ) to compare cognate terms in Old Irish, where the neuter could be marked, or

2) to fmd

variations in gender with cognate terms in Irish, Breton, and Cornish, or even variations within dialects or with older forms of Welsh, e. g. the variation in gender of llyn [LP: 1 59] , which is divided between masculine in northern Welsh, and feminine in southern Welsh. In Neo-Brittonic variations in mutation from the norm can be ascribed to the former neuter gender of a word, as is demonstrated by E. P. Hamp [1975 BBCS : 26. 1 57] who has noted how in Breton the lenition of the plural of the masculine noun men (W.

maen), as ar vein 'the stones', indicates that this was originally a neuter *magnon pl. *magniii. Likewise the mutations following some of the numerals may betray a former neuter gender of a word, as with the MnW.

tri f tair 'three', whose difference in mutation is due to their form in Common Celtic (for the

posited CC. forms [ 1 993b K. McCone: 53, 55-56; 1996 K. McCone: 46-47]) : mn.

fu.

*tris (MnW. tri) *tesur(es) (MnW. tair)

aspiration (MnW. tri chi)

no mutation (MnW. tair cath) But the additional neuter form of 'three' would have resulted in a different mutation: lenition (tn. Drygarn) In this way we can explain the lenition of earn in both Moe!

nn. *trija (MnW. inexistent)

Drygarn (SN 1 5-33, Whitechurch, Pembs.) and Drygarn-fawr (SN 86-58, Llanfihange1 Abergwes)TI, Brees.) because the Welsh feminine noun earn was originally a neuter noun in Brittonic (witness the cognates of earn being masculine nouns in Cornish and Irish [1985 o. J. Padel: 38; Vendryes: C-39]). This explanation is confirmed in the case of Moe! Drygarn as it has three imposing Bronze Age cairns within an Iron Age hill-fort on the summit. This makes Drygarn an archaic precursor of the more recent Teirearn (SN 69- 1 7, Brynaman, Carms.), and Taircarn (30-b). Another suspected neuter noun combined with try- 'three' is ffnvd 'stream'. In Modem Welsh ffnvd is feminine, as is its Breton cognatefroud, whilst the Irish cognate srnth is a masculine noun. In the case of this word we have evidence in Old Irish that srnth was a neuter noun [Vendryes: S-1 89]. Both masculine and feminine gender are found for ffrwd in MW. , e. g. the lack of lenition in the hn Ffrydmor (d), and in the vacillation in variants of the story of Peredur between a thri ffr6t o waet [1 300% Mabinogi (RBH): 203], and a their .ffr6t [ 1300Y4 Mabinogi (WBRh): 65] . The hydronym noted Triffnvd on OS maps (near Llandyfalle, Brees.), is as likely to represent Try.ffrwd, and as three streams converge together at SO 1 0-3 7, the meaning is likely to be 'three streams' (a later name would be expected to show * Teiif frwd, cf Maesdwyffnvd (60-a), and Diu Frnt [c. 1 140 ll: 1 22] (MnW. *Dwy.ffnvd); Gwen.ffrwd (Ji. Whitebrook, Llandogo, Mons.), Guenfrnt [c. 1 140 LL: 1 56]. The 673

(43) ANHUNIOG (Y fan in toponymy), (pedwar ban, triban) (GPC s.v. ban], cf. Pencwmbancar (73-a) � [ ] ban + canv, and whilst its Irish cognate beann (OI. benn) is feminine, there are some forms in Old Irish that have led element

ban

'horn; peak' also varies in gender in Welsh, sometimes feminine

sometimes masculine

. . .

Vendryes [B-35] to suspect that the gender of this word was "peut-etre ancien neutre" . This means that

Tryfan (SH 66-59, Capelcurig, Caems.), Moe/ TJY.fan (SH 51 -56, Rhostryfan, Caems.), and Mynydd Tryfan (SH 97-65, Bylchau, Denbs.) can be explained as 'three peaks', though I. Williams [ 1 945: 14-1 5] explained these names as containing the magnifying prefiX try- + ban 'peak'. We now come to the original gender of crng which is found in Trychrng. It is masculine in Welsh, as are the cognates in Breton [ 1 975 B. Tanguy: 73] and Cornish [1 985 0. J. Padel: 73-74] , but the Irish cognate crnach is feminine [Vendryes: C-249] . As with the words cam, ffnvd, ban, we may suspect crug of having originally been a neuter, if we want try- to mean 'three' an ancient name would have given * Trygrug, but since our form is Trychrug, it would appear that try- is the magnifying prefiX in this name (however a later coining of this name - when crng had established itself as a masculine noun - cannot be ruled out, cf. Trichrugyn tri'zr�gm (SN 93-43, Llangamarch, Brees.) [inf. L. Davies] ) . I understand this name as containing the magnifying prefiX try- as it makes perfect sense for Trychrngs appearance, which is that of the most distinct and large knoll-shape from whichever direction you look at it, corresponding well with the appearance of the other Trychrng (SN 69-22, Llangadog, Carms.) which also has a very distinct knoll-shape.

674

(44) ANHUNIOG LLANDDEWI ABERARTH ABERARTH -(SN 479-637) [aber +

hn. Arth] ;

Ostio Arth 1 1 84( 1 28 5) cart. Ystradffiur, Aberarth >1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Aberarthe 1 578map C. Saxton, Aberarth 1 602 G.Owen vol.4 p.479, Aberath 1 803map J. Singer, Lan Dewi Aberarth 1 803 B.H. Malkin p.40 1 , Aber Arth OOS 1 8 1 9, Aber-arth OS 1 89 1 , 'it was called' Tref Llanddewi-Aberarth 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 67 Comprising: 1) Bethel 2) Bryndewi, 3) DOlarth, 4) Ffatri, 5) Gowan Bank, 6) Laura, 7) Melin Aberarth, 8) Penbanc, 9) Penbont, 1 0) Pendre, 1 1 ) Penffordd, 12) Tan-y-gorlan, 1 3 ) Teros, 1 4) Ysgol Aberarth.

Aeron View -(SN 492-606)[hn.

Aeron + E. view] ;

Aeron View OS 1 982

Amwythig -(SN 479-6 1 8) [tn

Amwythig];

[moj(hg

Gr. Davies, J. Jones, 0. Jones]

Mwythig 1 802 NLW MS 61 6-D, Cefnywig fach als. Mwythig fach 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Mwithig-fach 1 8 1 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Mwythig OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefnywig fach 1 827PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Mwythig 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Mwythig OS 1 834, Cefnweeg fach 1 83 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Mwtheg 1 83 9TMS, Mwythig OS 1 904

Amwythig-fach lead one to think that this may be 'little Shrewsbury' as opposed to Amwythig (E. Shrewsbury, Salop.), rather than two adjoining Amwythig in Llanddewi Aberarth. The -fach in its alias, Cefn-Wig-fach refers to Cefn Wig (44-a); cf. Bryn Cae-Mwythig (59-b), Llwydlo (44-a). Bane Cilgwgan -(SN 472-636) [banc + tn. Cilgwgan (44-a)] ; [pen'wenaH Gr. Davies, pen'wenalt als. bagk, pn. ivan'bagk J. Jones] The forms

Pen y Wenallt 1 823PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blaen Cilgwgan 1 826PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bane Cilgwgan 1 83 1PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bank O S 1 834, Cefencilgwgan 1 875MR Llyswen, Pen-wenallt OS 1 89 1

Bane Mynaehdy -(SN 496- 6 1 8) [banc + tn. Mynachdy (47-a)] ; Castell OS 1 834, Banc-Monachty O S 1 891

Benlan-isa

-(SN 488-62 1 ) [y + penlan (+ isaf)] ;

suppose it is . . . ' 0. Jones,

benlan'iJa J.

[belan

Gr. Davies, J. Jones,

belan'isa, pen'lan

IW e

g;,nta 'I

Jones]

Tir yr Hen Ban ar Ystlys Bryn Peithill 1 6 1 7 CD 26, Tir y Bentan ag Ysthys Bryn Peithill 1 63 5 CD p. 4 1 , Tir y Benlan ar Ystlys Bryn Peithill 1 69 1 Mynachdy MS S, Benlanne (coli. ?) 1 776PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Benlann 1 783PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Benlan 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Y Benlan isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Belan-isaf O S 1 834, Benlan 1 839TMS, Benlan-isaf OS 1 891 This name is either mixed with, or 'corrected' to become the common toponym pronunciation is distinctively form Though there

belan,

and the early documentary forms show

Ben/an

Penlan,

but its

to be the correct

is no feminine noun *pen/an known to me in Welsh, such a composite word may be

suspected in this toponym (from the above forms of the name a feminine gender has to be assigned for

Tyddyn y Bennarth Wnyon 1 592 for Pennardd Wnion (Llanelltyd, Mers.) [ 1 938 R. J. Benvern (Brasparts, Finistere), Anbenvern 1 5 3 6 [ 1 990 B. Tanguy: 3 9] , though this is not the case with the similar composite word pentref). The most convincing meaning of such a composite ofpen with glan 'bank, hill', would be 'spur', which might suit the distinct spur immediately NE of this site. There seem to be only two attestations of ben/an in Cardiganshire, and the other site too, Rhydbenlan (47-a), is immediately w of a spur of land (though the two places adjoin the same river, and are in neighbouring parishes, at 6. 5km, Rhydbenlan seems too far away to have reference to this Ben/an). There i s also a Ben/an (SN 7 1 -38, Porth-y-rhyd, Llanwrda, Carms.). The connection t o the feminine noun pelan 'hillock, tump' (commonly found as Belan in Montgomeryshire toponymy) is attractive, and i'r Belan (SH 44-60, Llandwrog, Caerns.) [ 1 950 T. Hudson-Williams: 24] , though pelan is derived by GPC [s.v pelan] from pel such a composition, cf.

Thomas: 1 6] , and the B.tn.

.

'ball', and none of the attestations - though the earliest is from 1 58 8 - give the medial present in the Cardiganshire names. If it could be shown that some (northern) dialects denasalised the [-nl- ] cluster

*pen/an with pelan. Quite possibly the *pen/an, but this form was modified at a stage preceding the late sixteenth century by the influence of pel; see Brynpeithyll (44-a). Benlan-newydd -(SN 496-6 1 9) [y + penlan (+ newydd)] ; as early as

1 5 88, then it is still possible to connect

Montgomeryshire pelan was originally

Pen-lan-newydd OS 1 89 1

Benlan-ueha -(SN 497-620)[y + penlan ( + uchaf)] ; [belan'�xa J . 675

Jones, L . Edwards,

benlan'�za J .

Jones]

(44) ANHUNIOG Y Benlan uchaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Penlan ycha 1 824PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-lan-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Benlan > 1 895rent

ucha

Bethel

-(SN 478-638)[Bibl.tn. Bethel] ; Bethel, Aberarth 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 526, Aberarth c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, Chap O S 1 982, Bethel (sign) b. 1 790 [ 1 8 5 1 Rel cens. : 526; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 80] ; reb. 1 803 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 526; 1 904 J. Evans: 1 68 ] ; b. 1 805 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 80; sign] ; b. 1 848

[ 1 904

J. Evans: 1 68; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 68; sign] ; ren. 1 900

[ 1 987

B. J. Rawlins : 80] ;

denom. CM

Blaen Benlan

-(SN 487-61 8)[blaen + tn. Benlan (44-a)] ;

Jones, old name

kejler'aWir Gr.

[bla:n'belan Gr. Davies, blam'belan, bla·n'belan w.dkejle, (c) ka·'kejle (prox. ) J. Jones]

J.

Davies, J. Jones, pn.

Belan O S 1 834, Penlan 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-benlan O S 1 89 1 The expressive alias o f Blaen Benlan demands more comment than its 'proper' name. The reason for

Ceillau 'rawyr 'testicles of the air', escapes us, but is obviously of a jocular nature, cf Coc-yr-awyr (47-a), and perhaps to Tynrawyr (51 -a). A man who lived here was nicknamed skaj'bo:ls [inf Gr. Davies] . Blaencwm -(SN 483 -624) [blaen + y + cwm] ; [bla:n'kum Gr. Davies, pen'kum only in the memory of old people J. Jones, velm'kum 0. Jones, J. Jones] Blaen-cwm O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-cwm O S 1 904, Blaencrown ? 1 904 J.Evans p.369, Felincwm O S 1 982 This site has adopted the name of adjoining Melincwm (44-a) which was in ruins by 1 904 [OS1 904] .

Blaenerthig-isa -(SN 508-61 5) [blaen + hn. Erthig (+ isaf) ] ; [bla:n,er8Ig 'ISa Gr.

Davies,

bla·n'er8Ig

J. Jones]

Blaen Eithig 1 680 Cross wood MS S, Blaen Erthyg issa 1 68 5 CD 75, Blaen Erthig yssa 1 690rent f 1 6, Blaen Ertheg 1 756 Crosswood MSS , Blaen Eithog 1 768rent Crosswood, Blaenerthig 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Glanerthig 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blaen Erthig OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaen Erddig isaf O S 1 834, Blanerthig 1 83 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaenerthig 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-erthyg O S 1 89 1

Blaenerthig-ucha -(SN

508-6 1 l ) [blaen + hn. Erthig ( + uchaf)];

Blaen Erthyg ysha {recte

ch

for

sh}

hn

Hail] ;

[bla:n,er8Ig'�xa Gr.

Davies]

1 685 CD 75, Blaenerthig-uchaf 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blaen­

erddig-uchaf O S 1 834

Blaenhail

-(SN 494-647)[blaen +

Cwm Hail (prox.) 1 690rent

[bla:n'hajl Gr. Davies, L. Evans, br�n'hajl, br:m'hajl (sic) J. Jones] f 1 1 , Cwm Hail (prox. ) 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS, Cwmhaul (prox. )

1 768rent Crosswood, Cwm Hawl (prox.)

1 796 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Blaenhaul 1 807PR Llanddewi

Aberarth, Blaen Haul OOS 1 8 1 9, Blaenhayl 1 825PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blaen Haul O S 1 834, Blaen Haul 1 839TMS, Blanhaul 1 866PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaen-haul O S 1 89 1

Cwmhail may feasibly b e an alias o f Gwernmeirch (44-a). Blaenwaun -(SN 480-61 9)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla·n'wejn 0. Jones] Blaen y Wein 1 8 1 9MR Llyswen, Blaen y Wain 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blaenwain 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Blanwein 1 854 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Blaen-y-waun O S 1 89 1

Brondewi -(SN 475-634)[bron + tn.

[Llan] ddewi [ Aberarth] (44-a)] ;

[ vr:m'dewi 0.

Jones]

Bron-dewi O S 1 904, Frondewi O S 1 982 b. bet. 1 89 1 - 1 904 [OS1 89l ; OS1 904] . Brynbwa -(SN 494-6 1 5) [bryn + bwa]; [br�n'bu:a Gr.

Davies,

br�m'bua J.

Jones,

brrm'boa L.

Edwards]

Brynbwa 1 836PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn-bwa O S 1 891

Bryndewi -(SN 480-637)[bryn + pn.

Dewi] ;

[br�n'dewi Gr.

Davies, J. Jones,

brm'dewi 0.

Jones]

Tir Bryn Dewy, (c) Llaine Gwar Brin Dio ? 1 683 Lucas MS 42 1 7, Bron Deio ? 1 692 Mynachdy MSS , Bryn Dewy 1 725 Lucas

Bryngwyn

MS 42 1 6, Bryn Dewi 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, (c) Bryn Dewy 1 83 9TMS [br�n'gwm, brm'gwm J. Jones, brm 0. Jones]

-(SN 468-6 1 8) [bryn + gwyn] ;

Bryn Gwyn 1 693rent, Bryngwynn 1 784PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn Gwyn 1 788PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryngwynne 1 8 1 4 NLW Deeds MS 1 ,3 07, Brygwyn 1 8 1 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn Gwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn-gwyn O S 1 834, Bryngwyn OS 1 89 1 , Bryn Farm 1 9 1 2MR Llyswen

Brynpeithyll

-(SN 483-61 8) [bryn + *peithyll] ;

[brm'pi8Ii Gr.

Davies,

brm'pi8ii 0.

Jones]

Brynpythill 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Gors-bythyll (prox. ) 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn Pythell OOS 1 8 1 9, Gorsepithill (prox. ) 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn-pythyll O S 1 834, Gors Pithyll (prox. ) 1 83 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn Pithill 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-pithyll O S 1 89 1

Benlan-isa (43-a), for a discussion o f the obscure of *peithyll, see sub hn Peithyll; cf Llainff.ynnon (44-a). Bwlch Blaencannog -(SN 490-614) [bwlch + tn. Blaencannog]; [bulx,blan'k�n:lg Gr. Davies] For older forms o f the name, see meaning

676

etymology and

(44) ANHUNIOG Bwlchblaen Canog 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlch Llaen Ganog OOS 1 8 1 9, Bulch Blain Ganog 1 825PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bwlch Blaen-gannog 1 828PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bwlch Llain-ganog O S 1 834, Bwllch Llanganog 1 83 9TMS, Bwlch Llanganog 1 843 NLW MS 61 7-D, Bwlch-llanganog OS 1 891 , Maespwll (sic) OS 1 904, Bwlchblaen-cannog OS c. 1 950

It is possible that Blaencannog refers to the small stream adjoining it that joins the river Arth, the bwlch refers to the saddle between the valleys of the rivers Arth and Aeron. However this place is just under 4km due N of Blaencannog the gap (W.

bwlch)

(27-a), and may be derived from it. One interpretation might be that this was Blaencannog could be seen, but why should Blaencannog have been

at which

chosen, when there were many other places to be seen in this location is not clear to me. My own hunch

Blaencannog in this

is that

name was originally another name, albeit similar, and had become equated by

the nineteenth century with

Blaencannog (27-a),

the many forms with the apparent lenition

gan(n)og

might be considered proof of this, as are those form with llain/llaen/llan. Incidentally, the pronunciation

k�n�g for cannog is not wholly irregular, cf Blaenannerch (5-a), Cae-garw -(SN 493 -604)(cae + garw] ; (ka·'garu J. Jones]

see sub Ffynnondafolog (27-a).

Ca-garw 1 772map M.Williams, Cae Garwin 1 78 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cae Garw 1 841 TMS, Cae­ garw OS 1 89 1 , Cae-gawr O S 1 904, Cae-gawr 0Sc. 1 95 0

Cae-main -(SN 491-61 1 )[cae + main] ; [ka:'majn Gr. Davies, ka·'majn J.

Jones]

Cae Main 1 83 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cae-main OS 1 89 1

Cambislan-ganol -(SN 480-623) [carn + ? (+ canol)] ; [ka,bislan'gan�l

0. Jones]

Carnbislanfach ? 1 8 1 2PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bislan ganol 1 83 9TMS, Cae'r-bislan-ganol OS 1 89 1 , Cae­ bislan-ganol OS 1 904

Cambislan-isa

-(SN 482-624)[carn + ? (+ isaf)] ;

J. Jones,

ka,bislan'isa 0.

[ka'biSlan

Gr. Davies, J. Jones,

ka·'b�slan

J. Jones,

kar'biSlan

Jones]

Carnbislan 1 760CF, Caerbislan 1 767PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cam Bislan 1 784 Mynachdy MSS , Carnbislan 1 8 1 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Caebyslan 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cae-bislan-hen 1 8 1 9PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Caer Bislan OOS 1 8 1 9, Cae'r Bislan OS 1 834, Gam Bislan 1 83 9TMS, Cae-bislan-isaf O S 1 904, Caebislan O S 1 982

earn 'cairn' so that it becomes understood as the It should be pointed out that the cairn alluded in the name could be one marking the limit of the Bishop's lands of Aberarth which probably descended from Clawdd-Dewi to the river Arth along the lane, and then the stream immediately w of Carnbislan. The meaning of *bislan/pislan is not known (though it maybe should be spelt *buslan!puslan), perhaps a derivative of a word like bust! 'bile', with simplification of the medial cluster [ -stl-] to [ -sl- ] (cf cystled � .e5k�sled (Cei­ nevvydd) [1934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 3 1 3]; ystlumyn � sl�mm; Arwystli � osli, see sub Pumlumon Arwystli, 72-b). The word pyslan (+- E. 'to puzzle') means 'wondering, to wonder, wonder' in Cardiganshire Welsh, This is a good example of the denasalisation of

unstressed

cae'r-

'field of.

though it is not known how early it could have been borrowed into the local Welsh.

Cambislan-ucha -(SN 479-621 )[carn + ? (+ uchaf)] ; [ka,biSlan'iza

0. Jones]

Cae Bislan newydd 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyrclochydd 1 83 9TMS, Cae'r-bislan-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Cae-bislan-uchaf OS 1 904

Cefn Tyncoed

-(SN 468-624)[cefn + tn. Tyncoed (45-a)] ;

[keven,bg'k�jd J.

Jones,

keven,tin'k�·jd

0. Jones]

Blaen Ty'n y Coed 1 789MR Llyswen, Cefen Ty'n y Coed 1 799MR Llyswen, Cefn Tynycoed 1 802PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Penrhiw Ty'n y Coed ? 1 806MR Llyswen, Cefen Tynycoed 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lletty'r-cegin O S 1 834, Cefu Tyn y Coed 1 839TMS, Cefn-ty-coed OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-Tyncoed O S 1 904

Cefn Wig -(SN 473-616)[ce:fu + tn Wig (44-a)] ; [keven'wi:g

0. Jones, J. Jones,

keven'wi:g

J. Jones]

Cefn Wig OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn'-wig O S 1 834, Ce:fu y Weeg 1 839TMS, Cefn-wig OS 1 891 , yng Nghefnwig 1 9 1 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 3

Cefn-Wig-fach als. Amwythig (44-a). Cilgwgan-fach -(SN 473-634) [cil + pn. Gwgan (+ bach)] ; [tre'wilan See

J. Jones, 0. Jones]

Kilgwgan vach 1 703 Coleman MS 1 34, Cilgwgan fach 1 770PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cilgwgan fach 1 80 1 map W. Morris,

Cilgugan fach 1 803map J. Singer, Cilgwgan fach O OS 1 8 1 9, Kilgwgan fach

1 839TMS, Cil-gwgan-tach OS 1 89 1 , Trewylan OS 1 982 In ruins [ 081 904];

Trewylan b. l 960s (inf. J. Jones] .

677

(44) ANHUNIOG Cilgwgan-fawr -(SN 469-632)[cil + pn. Gwgan (+ mawr)]; [kd'gugan Gr. Davies, �gd'gugan J. Jones, ki:l 'gugan J. Jones] (c) Llain Kilgwogan 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Kilgwgan vawr, Kilgwgan vaure 1 692 Mynachdy MSS, (c) Llaine Killgwogan 1714 Crosswood MSS, Kilgwgan 1 760CF, Cilgugan fawr 1 803map J. Singer, Cilgwgan fawr OOS 1 81 9, Cilgwgan 1 821PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Kilgwgan-fawr 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cilgwgan-fawr O S 1 834, Kilgwgan fawr 1 83 9TMS, Cilgwgan 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 1 3, Cil­ gwgan-fawr O S 1 89 1 , Glynhir OS 1 982 The erroneous connecting of Gwgan with Cadwgan by D. J. Davies [ 1 875: 1 3 ] ("Hynny yw Cil Cadwgan, sef y lle y byddai Cadwgan ab Bleddyn yn arfer cilio pan fyddai yn rhy boeth amo. ), derived from a fashionable nineteenth-century practice of connecting local place-names to personages in the old Welsh chronicles, and this particular connection was established earlier than 1 875, see Castellcadwgan (45-b). Cipyllcoch -(SN 499-606)[cipyll + coch] ; [kqni Gr. Davies] Tir y Kipill Coch 161 3 Crosswood MSS, Tir y Kypyllcoch 1 6 1 9 Crosswood MSS, Tyglyn issa als. Rippill Coch 1 685 CD 75, Tir y Kipill 1 690rent f. 1 6, Kipill Coch 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Kipill Coch 1 765PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cipill Coch 1 774 Crosswood MSS, Kippill 1 81 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cipyll Coch OOS 1 8 1 9, Cyppyll Coch 1 821PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cyppyl-coch 1 826PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cipyll Goch OS1 834, Cippil Coch 1 839TMS, Cippill-coch OS1 891 The name Cipyllcoch 'red tree-stump' probably has connections to deforesting, reference to the wood being preserved in neighbouring Coed, Coed-y-brenin, Coedgleison (44-a), and Coed-mawr (44-b). Clawdd-Dewi -(SN 476-620)[clawdd + pn. Dewi]; [klaw'dewi Gr. Davies, J. Jones, klawjd'glejs:m J. Jones] Coedgleision 1 802PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Coed y Brenin (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Coed y Brenin (sic) 1 839TMS, Dole Corris als. (sic) Coed Gleision > 1 895rent, Coed-gleision 0Sc. 1 950 If gleision refers to coniferous trees, it does not appear that this name can refer to Coed-mawr-isa (44-b), some 250m E, which was composed of deciduous trees [OS1891 ]. Coed-mawr -(SN 498-602)[ coed + mawr] ; [k:>jd'mowr J. Jones] Coedmawr 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ty-mawr OS 1 891, Coedmawr Cottage OS1 904 Cf. Coed-mawr (44-b). Colej -(SN 484-636)[E. college]; [koled3 J. Jones] College 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, College OS 1 891 Cwm-bach -(SN 480-633)[cwm + bach] ; [kum'ba::x; 0. Jones] Cwm Arth ? 1 725 Lucas MS 421 6, Cwmarth ? 1 8 1 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cwm bach 1 83 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 , Cwm 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Cwmcasteii -(SN 495-622)[cwm + y + castell] ; [kum, �'kum J. Jones] Cwm-castell OS 1 891 "

678

(44) ANHUNIOG Refers to Castell (47-b); see sub Lluest (47-a). Cwm Pantronnen -(8N 486-626)[cwm + tn. Pantronnen (44-a)] ; Cwm Pantyronen 1 83 1PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cwm Pant yr Onen 1 8391M8 Dolarth -(8N 478-639)[dolau + hn. Arth]; [dol'are, �·�o:l 0. Jones] Dolau-arth 08 1 891 , Dolarth 1 904 J.Evans p. 369 Dolau-corris -(8N 492-606)[dolau + ? ]; [dole J. Jones] Gilvach 1 772map M.Williams, Dolecoris 1 794PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Dol y Chorus 008 1 81 9, Dol-y­ chorus 08 1 834, (c1 296) Gilfach Cottage 1 841 TMS , Dole Corris als. Coed Gleision (sic) > 1 895rent, Dolau-corris 081 904, Dolau 081 982 The word corris is obscure (it maybe should be spelt corms or corrys, and the double should possibly be single ), and seems identical to the old township and village name Carris (SH 75-07, Mers.), whose etymology is equally obscure [ 1 93 1 T. H. Williams: 80] . It could possibly refer to a stream-name, the most likely candidate being the small stream that enters Aeron from Tanerdy. C. H. Thomas (1 993 : 2.202] gives �k:lriS as meaning 'milch, giving milk' in Nantgarw (Glams.), I have not found the word in other Welsh sources ('milch' usually being blith), but the pronunciation suggests corrys or corms, as corris would be expected to give *k:lr:Q in Glamorganshire dialect (nevertheless C. H. Thomas writes the word coris). The spelling chorus of 1 81 9 reflects the pronunciation of E. 'chorus' as coris in south-western Welsh [ 1 885 T. Powell: 366]. Though the alias Gilfach seems to connect this place with Gilfachgoch (44-a), only about 50m w of this site, both the map of 1 772 and the 1 841 tithe map show Dolau-corris wholly separate from Gilfachgoch - Dolau-corris being a holding of seven acres [ 1 772map M. Williams ] or six acres [ 1 8411MS Llansantfrect] . Dre-fach -(8N 465-633)[y + tref (+ bach)] ; [dre'va:z J. Jones] Dre newydd vach 1 693rent, Dre newidd fach als. Parke Cochyn 1 706 Mynachdy M8S, Dre newydd fach 1 8 1 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Drevach 1 8 1 5MR Llyswen, Drefach 1 81 9PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Trenewydd fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Drenowidd fach 1 822MR Llyswen, Tre-newydd-fach OS1 834, Drenewydd fach 1 839TMS, Tre-newydd-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Drevach 1 904 WGaz. 07/01 /04, Drefnewydd fach (Drefach) 1 983 D.L.Jones p. 3 82 The -fach is in opposition to neighbouring Dre-newydd (45-a) as can be seen from the fuller form of the name Dre-newydd-fach, not to be confused with a later Dre-newydd-fach on the opposite side of the same farmyard as Dre-newydd-fawr (45-a); "Nancy was born at Drefach, or as may be more appropriately known as Drefach farm yard, which constituted at the time some seven or eight houses beside the farm house. " [ 1880s n.c. in NLW Min.Dep. (1 982): 7], eight families in 1 785 [ 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04]. Esgairarth -(SN 489-627)[esgair + hn. Arth]; [esker'are Gr. Davies, 0. Jones, esk'T'are 0. Jones, �sker'are D. W. Jones, L. Edwards] Esceir; hi tu ar Arth 1 1 84(1 425) cart. Ystradftlur, Sker Arth 1 577rent £28, Eskar Arth 1 577rent £ 54, Esker Arth 1 633rent £ 3 , Esker Arth 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 98, Tyr Esker Arth 1 725 Lucas MS 4216, Esgerarth 1 777PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Gesger Arth 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Esgrarth 1 8 1 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Eskerarth 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Esgair Arth OOS 1 8 1 9, Esgair­ Arth OS1 834, Ysgerarth 1 83 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Esgirarth 1 83 9TMS, Esgair-Arth OS 1 89 1 Ffatri -(SN 480-637)[£. factory]; [hejbx'fatri (desc.), fatri, �·faktri 0 . Jones] Factory 1 8 1 8PR Llanddewi Aberarth, New Factory 1 83 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Old Factory House 1 836PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Woollen Factory OS 1 904 Ffoshelyg-fach -(SN 500-61 4)[ffos + helyg (+ bach)] ; [fo:s,ehg'va:z Gr. Davies, fos'hehg, f�s'hehg J. Jones] Ffos-helyg-ffich OS 1 89 1 The -fach is in opposition t o Ffoshelyg (43-a). Gilfachgoch -(SN 49 1 -606)[y + cilfach + coch]; [gdvaz Gr. Davies, J. Jones, gilvaz'go:z J. Jones] 'raundyr' Kilnathgurgi ?? 1 280 CalChancR (var. ) p. l 85, 'rantir que vocat[u]r' Geylbach Gorlby ?? (Myfenydd commote) 1 280Ext. p. l l 6, Gilbath Gorci ?? 1 28 1 in 1 936 M Rhys p. 30, Gilfach 1 763PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Gilfach OOS 1 8 1 9, Gilfach 1 824PR Llansantfred, Gilfach OS 1 834, (c1 294) Gilfach 1 841 1MS, Gilfach-goch OS1 89 1 , Gilfach Goch 0 Sc. 1 950 The medieval name described as a raundyr (MnW. rhandir) along with Teyifannam, Teyrfennam (MnW. Taiiffynnon) was given by King Edward to [ 1 280 CalChancR (var.): 1 85], and which was somewhere in Ceredigion north of the river Aeron has only been tentatively considered as a possible earlier name for

679

( 44) ANHUNIOG this site because Gilfachgoch formed part of a detached enclave of Llansantfred parish called Parse! Gilfachgoch; c£ Dolau-corris (44-a). Goetre-isa -(SN 464-622)[y + coed + tref (+ isaf)]; Goytre issa 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Goitre ishaf 1 839TMS, Goitre issa 1 867:MR Llyswen, Goetre-isaf OS 1 89 1 Goetre-ucha -(SN 464-622)[y + coed + tref ( + uchaf)]; [g :ljtre'�za J . Jones] Goitre vawr 1 693rent, Y Goitre ycha 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Goytre ycha 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Goitre 1 789PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Goytre 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Goytre OS1 834, Goetre-uchaf OS 1 891 See Goetre-fach (45-a). Gorshallt -(SN 465-633)[y + cors + hallt] ; Y Gorse Ilallt 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Y Gorse Hallt 1 720 Crosswood MSS, (c52) Gors Hallt 1 839TMS Gorswen -(SN 504-642)[y + cors + gwen] ; [g:lrs'wen J. Jones, L. Edwards] Gorse Wen 1 690rent f. 1 0, Gorse Wen als. Llyast y Morva 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Gorsewen 1 768rent Crosswood, Gors Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, Gorswen 1 826PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gors-wen OS1 834, Gors­ wen 0S l 891 Cf. Lluest (47-a); Pensol (44-a). Gorwelon -(SN 477-630)[gorwelion] ; Gorwelon OS 1 982 Gowan Bank -(SN 478-636)[gowan + bank]; [gow�n ' bagk, now kam'nesa 0. Jones] Gowan Bank OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS189 1 ; OS1 904] . The term gowan means 'daisy' in Scottish English (ScDD s.v. gowan]. Gwelfor -(SN 479-623)[gwel + mor] ; Gwelfor OS 1 982 Gwemmeirch -(SN 485-63 8)[gwern + y + meirch] ; [ �·w�rn, w�rn'mejrz J. Jones, wern, wern'mejrz 0. Jones] Gwern y Mirgh 1 577rent f. 29, Gwern y Meirch 1 633rent f. 3, Gwerne y Mirgh 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 98, Gwern y Meirch 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p.9 1 , Gwern Meirch 1 782PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Gwem y Meirch 1 784PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wernmeirch 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Gwem Meirch 0081 8 1 9, Gwern-meirch OS1 834, Wern-meirch OS 1 891 Horses came here from Castell (47-b) to stabb [inf. J. Jones]; see Blaenhail (44-a). Hengwrt -(SN 491 -634) [hen + cwrt] ; [ heng urt J. Jones, a.r ' hegg ort 0. Jones] Hen Gwrt OOS 1 8 1 9, Hen Gwrt OS1 834, Hen-gwrt OS 1 89 1 , Hengwrt OS 1 904 Lanlas -(SN 48 1 -607)[y + glan + glas] ; [lan'la:s J. Jones, 0. Jones] Llanlas 1 750 R Evans MSS, Lanlase 1 759 Gwynfryn MSS, Lanlas 1 762PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llanlas 1 803map J. Singer, Lanlaes 1 806PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lanlas OOS 1 8 1 9, Lan1as 1 824PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lan1as als. Landlease 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lan Las OS1 834, Lanlas, Lanlas 1 839TMS, Lan-las OS 1 891 "Hen blas enwog - rnagwyren - yng nghwrr uchaf cae gwair Lanlas. " [191 4 Cymru: 43. 1 1 ]; "Enw yr hen blas oedd Lanlas, yr hwn a roddir yn awr i fferm gyfagos. " [ 1 914 Cymru: 43. 12]; Lanlas was replaced, as a mansion, by Llanaeron (27-a) [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: l l O] . Laura -(SN 480-638)[E.f. pn. Laura]; [lo·ra + lo·ra'haws 0. Jones] Laura Place OS 1 89 1 Two adjoining houses [:inf o. Jones] . Llain -(SN 480-61 6) [llain] ; [iajn J. Jones] Llain OS 1 834, Llain OS1 891 Llainffynnon -(SN 484-614)[llain + y + ffynnon]; [iajn'f�n:ln J. Jones] Brynpythyll bach (prox. ) 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Brynpithyll bach (prox.) 1 829PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Bryn Pythyll bach O S 1 834, Bryn Pithill bach (prox.) 1 840 NLW MS 61 6-D, Llain-ffynnon OS1 89 1 I s tm'iajn the same? Adjoining it i s evel, now a scrapyard [ inf J . Jones] . Llanddewi Aberarth -(SN 476-633)[1lan + pn. Dewi + tn. Aberarth (44-a)]; [eglns,aber'are J . Jones, (c) hriW 'reglns (prox. ) 0. Jones] Aberaith 1291 Tax.Eccl. p.272, Landewy Ab'arth' 1 326 BBSt-David p.208, Landewy Aberarth 1 3 26 BBSt-David p.210, Llanddewy Abererth 1 53 5 VE p.396, Llanddewy Aberath 1 548 Crosswood MSS, Ll. 680

(44) ANHUNIOG oewi Aber Arch c. 1 566EPC, Llanddewi Aberarth 1 574 communion cup in 1 984 CER vol. l O p. 90, Ll. oewi Aber Arth 1 590-91EPC, Llanthewi Aberarth 1 608/09 CD 23, Llanddewi Aberarth c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 38, Llanddewy Aberarth 1 609 Prob. St-David, Llanthewy Aberarth 1 6 1 3 Crosswood MSS , Llandewy Aberarth 1685 CD 75, Llanthey Aberarth 1692 Mynachdy MSS, Llanddewy 1 720 Mynachdy MS S, Aberarth 1 721 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Llanddewy Aber-Arth 1 760map E.Bowen, Chlandoway 1 776map MMackenzie, Llan Ddewi Aber Arth 1 799EPC, Llanddewi 1 801map W.Morris, Llanddewy Aberath 1 803map J. Singer, Llanddewi Aberarth OOS1 81 9, Llandewyabararth 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 1 p. 1 , Llanddewi Aberarth, St. David's Church (Rectory) OS1891, St. David's Church OS 1 982 Church partly reb. 1 860 [ 1 984 CER: 10.88] . Llety-crochan -(SN 472-6 1 9)[llety + yr + crochan] ; [ieti'krozan J. Jones] Lletty Crochan 1 784 Mynachdy MSS, Lletty C[ ] ochan OOS 1 8 1 9, Lletty-crochon OS1 834, Lletty Crochan 1 83 1PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lletty-crochan OS 1 89 1 Llety-Sion -(SN 478-61 1)[llety + p n Sion]; [leti1o:n J . Jones, 0 . Jones] Lletty Shone 1 772PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lletty Shon 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llettysion 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llettyshone 1 81 4 NLW Deeds MS 1 307, Lletty Sion OOS 1 8 1 9, Lletty John 1 830 NLW MS 61 6-D, Lletty Sion O S 1 834, Lletty Shon l 839TMS, Lletty John 1 841 cens. , Lletty-shon OS 1 89 1 Lloegr-fach -(SN 493-621 )[tn. Lloegr (+ bach)]; [bjger'va:x Gr. Davies, 0. Jones, J . Jones, lejger'va:x J. Jones] Lloegr ffich 1 773PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lloegr vach 1 8 1 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lloigerfach 1 8 1 8PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lloegr fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Lloegr-fach OS1 834, Llogerfach 1 839TMS Llansantfred, Lloger fach, Loiger-fach 1 841 TMS, Lloegr-fiic h OS 1 89 1 , Loigerfach > 1 895rent, i Lloeger fach 1 984 Llafar Gwlad n. 5 p. 1 3 Lluest-newydd -(SN 477-621)[lluest + newydd] ; [liest 0 . Jones, Hast J. Jones] Lluest-newydd OS 1 891 Llwydlo -(SN 476-620)[tn. Llwydlo] ; [lojd'lo: (id.) 0. Jones, lojdb J. Jones] Llwydlo 1 8 1 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llwydlow 1 828PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llydlo 1 821PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llwydlo fach 1 834PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Llwydllo 1 839TMS, Llwydlo OS 1 904 The name Llwydlo (E. Ludlow, Salop.), is attested with -fach in 1 834 - as with Amwythig (44-a) - leading us to believe that the original name was Llwydlo-fach. This Llwydlo is only 3 00m from Amwyth ig. Lon -(SN 477-630)[lon] ; [lo:n J. Jones] Lon 1 763PR Llanddewi Aberarth, The Lane 1 784 Mynachdy MSS , Tun Lon 1785 NLW MS 61 6-D, Tun Lon 1 789 NLW MS 61 6-D, Tynylone 1 804 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Lone 1 805 NLW MS 61 6-D, Ty'n y Lon 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lone 1 81 4PR Cilcennin, Tynlone 1 820MR Llyswen, Lone 1 83 0PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lone 1 83 9TMS, Lone 1 875MR Llyswen, Lon OS 1 891 Lon Tyglyn -(SN 496-603)[lon + tn Tyglyn[-isa] (44-a)] ; [lo:n Gr. Davies, J. Jones] Lone Tyglyn 1 8 1 9PR Cilcennin, Lon O S 1 891 , Lone Cottage OS1 982 Maesarfor -(SN 485-620)[maes + ar- + mor]; Maesarfor OS 1 982 Maes-y-coed -(SN 503-609)[maes + y + coed]; Maes-y-coed OS 1 982 Maes-yr-eglwys -(SN 476-632)[maes + yr + eglwys]; [majs�'reglos J. Jones] Ymylyreglwys 1 8 1 8PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ymyl 'r Eglwys 1 833PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Maes-yr­ eglwys OS 1 89 1 Opposite the church [ inf J . Jones] . Melin Aberarth -(SN 479-638) [melin + tn. Aberarth (44-a)] ; [velm, melm,aber'arO J. Jones] 'mill' Aberarth 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones (1 955) p . 91 , Llandewy Aberarth Mill 1 725 Lucas MS 421 6, Melin y Dre ? 1 792PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Melin y Dre, Melin y Dref ? 1 795PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Felin 1 81 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Corn Mill OS 1 891 Melincwm -(SN 486-626) [melin + y + cwm] ; [velm'kom it really lay at the bottom J. Jones] Cwm Arth Mill 1 703 Coleman MS 1 34, Melin y Cwm 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Melin y Cwm 008 1 8 1 9, Felin y Cwm OS 1 834, Felincwm 1 832PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Felin-y-cwm 1 83 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Melyn Cwm, Melyn y Cwm 1 839TMS, Felin-gwn OS1 891 , (c) Cae Felin-cwm (Pantronnen land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 681

(44) ANHUNIOG After this place fell into ruin, the name was transferred to neighbouring Biaencwm (44-a). Pantronnen -(SN 484-624)(pant + yr + onnen] ; [pant'r�nen 0. Jones, J. Jones] Panty'ronnen 1 779PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pant yr Onnen 1 787PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pant'ronnen 1 793PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pant yr Onnen OOS 1 819, Pant yr Onen, Pantyr Owen 1 839TMS, Pant-yr­ onen OS 1 891 Parc-y-beili -(SN 479-625)[parc + y + beili] ; [park�'bejli J. Jones] Parkybaily 1 807PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Parkybeili tssa 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Park-y-beuly 1 83 5PR L1anddewi Aberarth, Parc-y-beili OS 1 891 In ruins, new house built upon its site [inf. J. Jones] . Penrallt -(SN 482-633)[pen + yr + alit]; [pen'rait 0. Jones] Pen yr Alit 1 792PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Penyralit 1 807PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen yr Alit OOS 1 8 19, Pen'rallt 1 83 0PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-'ralit OS 1 834, Pen-yr-allt O S 1 89 1 Penralltwen -(SN 485-605)[pen + yr + alit + gwen]; [perait'wen J. Jones] Penralltwen 1 8 14PR Llansantfred, Pen yr Alit Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen Rallt-wen O S 1 834, Penrallt wen, Penyrallt Wen 1 839TMS Llansantfred, Pen-yr-allt-wen OS1 891, Penybont als. (sic) Penralltwen >1 895rent Penbanc(i) -(SN 478-63 8)(Aberarth)[pen + y + bane]; [pem'bagk 0. Jones] Pen y Bane 1 904 J.Evans p.369 Two cottages, destroyed in 1 983 [ 1 983 CER: 9.360] . The bane here refers to the old river-bank, cf Tan-y­ gorlan (44-a). Pen-y-banc(ii) -(SN 475-605)(Wigwen)[pen + y + bane] ; Pen y Bank 1 83 9TMS The bane here refers to an old river-bank. Penbont(i) -(SN 479-647)(Aberarth)[pen + y + pont]; [pen'b;:mt, now glasvrm 0. Jones] Penybont Llandewy 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth Pen-y-bont(ii) -(SN 488-604)(Tanerdy)[pen + y + pont]; Pen-y-bont O S 1 89 1 , Penybont als. (sic) Penralitwen > 1 895rent Pendre -(SN 480-636)[pen + y + trefj; [pen'dre: 0. Jones] Pendre 1 8 1 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Penydref 1 84 l cens. , Pendref 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 67 The trejin the name is the eastern part ofAberarth (44-a) [ 1 904 J. Evans: 167]. Penreglwys -(SN 476-632)[pen + yr + eglwys] ; [pen'reglus 0. Jones, pen�'reglus J. Jones] inf On the same side of the road as the church [in£ 0. Jones, J. Jones] . Penffordd -(SN 478-637)[pen + y + ffordd]; [pen'f�r� 0. Jones] Ir Ty bach Yrnhen yr Heol ?? 1 665/66 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir Pen y Rheol ?? 1 683 Lucas MS 4217, Pen­ ffordd OS 1 891 Pengraigddu -(SN 491 -646)[pen + y + craig + du]; Pen y Graig 1 801map W.Morris, Pengraig-ddu 1 807PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pengraigymor 1 81 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen y Graig Ddu OOS1 8 1 9, Pen-y-graig-ddu OS1 834, Pengraig Ddu 1 832PR Llanddewi Aberarth Cf Graigddu (44-b). Penlon -(SN 497-6 1 6)[pen + y + Ion] ; [pen'lo:n, pe'lo:n J. Jones] Pen-Ion OS 1 89 1 , Penlone OS1 982 Penlon Coed -(SN 502-614)[pen + y + Ion + tn. Coed (44-a)] ; [penlan'ko:d L. Edwards, belan'k�jd J. Jones, penlo:g'ko:d Gr. Davies, penlon'k�jd J. Jones, 0. Jones] Penlon Coed 1 83 8PR L1anddewi Aberarth, Pen-lon-coed OS 1 89 1 , Pen-Ion-coed OS1 982 The confusion between -Ian (+-- glan) and Ion in this name can be compared to Penlonwen (14-a) found as penlo:n'wen and penlan'wen. The form belan'k�jd shows further confusion with the nearby farms called Ben/an (44-a). The situation of this place on a crossroads, as well as the written forms suggest Ion 'lane' was the original term Penparc -(SN 474-605)[pen + y + pare]; [pen'park J. Jones] Pen y Park 1 839TMS, Pen-pare OS 1 89 1 Penpompren -(SN 476-604)[pen + y + pompren];

682

(44) ANHUNIOG Pensylvania 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Penpontpren 1 8 1 1PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pensylvania 1 839TMS, Pen-y-bontbren OS 1 891

Penrhiw -(SN 484-640)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pe'nw J.

Jones]

Pen yr Rhiw 1 678 Crosswood MSS , Pen Rhiw .Hae 1 690rent

f l l , Pen y Rhiw 1 72 1 /22 Lucas MS 3472,

Penyrhiw 1 768rent Crosswood, Penrhiw 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen Rhiw OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-rhiw OS 1 834, Pen-rhiw OS 1 891 , Penrhiw Farm OS 1 982 In the 1 690 entry, it is likely that the watercourse Hail is referred to.

Pensoi -(SN 5 03 -649)[pen + ?

];

Gorswen Cottage ? 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pantsol 1 83 1PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Pen Sol O S 1 834, (c) Cae Pen Sol (Gorswen land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969

pen's:>l is also that of Pennsylvania (SN 50-39, Llanllwni, Carms.) [inf D. J. Thomas] . Pentre -(SN 478-628)[pentref]; [pentre, pentre'fa:m J . Jones] The pronunciation

Pentre 1 784 Mynachdy MS S, Pentre 1 803map J. Singer, Pentre 1 8 1 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pentref OOS 1 8 1 9, Pentre O S 1 891

Plow

-(SN 504-6 5 3 ) [E. plough] ;

[plow

pbw L.

C. Jones, J. Jones,

Edwards,

plaw

L. Evans, now

blaj'nant

J.

Jones] Turnpike Lodge ? 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Turnpike Lodge ? 1 8 1 4PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Turnpick Morfa 1 81 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, T . G. OOS 1 8 1 9, Morfa-gate 1 820PR Llansantfred, Mona­ houses ? 1 822PR Llansantfred, Morfa Gate 1 825PR Llanddewi Aberarth, The Plough OS 1 834, Morfa Cottage O S 1 891 There was an evel'go:v nearby

[inf J. Jones] . Pwllglas -(SN 487-63 1 )[pwll + glas ] ; [pul'gla:s J. Jones, 0.

Jones]

Pwll-glas OS 1 834, Pwll-glas OS 1 89 1 , Pwllglas 1 973 WFM MS 1 969

Tan-y-bryn -(SN 484-61 4) [tan + tn. Bryn[peithyll] (44-a)] ; [tan�'brm Capel Tan-y-bryn (Prim

Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 ,

J. Jones,

0. Jones, tan�'br�n J. Jones]

Tanybryn c. 1 902 E.R Horsfall-Turner p . 277, Ysgoldy

Tanybryn 1 904 J. Evans p. 1 90, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 830, CM

[ 1 851Rel cens. : 526} ; b. 1 834 as a schoolhouse [ 1 904 J. Evans: 1 90; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 85] ; b. 1 864 as a [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 85] . 494-604) [tanerdy] ; [tan'erdi Gr. Davies, J. Jones, t�n'erdi J. Jones]

chapel

Tanerdy

-(SN

Tanner-dy 1 772map M.Williams, Tanerdy 1 841 TMS, Tanerdy OS 1 89 1 , Tannerdy 1 93 6 D . Jenkins p. 58 Six or seven new houses built in recent years, area called

Tanerdy [inf J. Jones] .

Tan-y-gorlan -(SN 478-63 8)[tan + y + ceulan] ; Tanygoilan 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tanygoilan 1 84 1 cens . , Adolphi

inf. 0.

Jones, Tan y Gorlan

(sign) � corlan is attested in Pembrokeshire dialect: corlan 'river-bank' (Cwmgwaun) Morris: 7 9] . The meaning of cor/an makes no sense here, whilst coulan suits old river-bank on the w side of the Arth river here, immediately behind the house, cf Penbanc (44-a). Teros -(SN 477-63 8) [E. terrace] ; [ter:>s 0. Jones] inf Trawsnant -(SN 503-607) [traws + nant] ;

The development of coulan

(1910 W.

M.

Trawsnant O S 1 982 A new house possibly named after

Trawsnant (49-a).

Ty-banal -(SN 496-6 1 5) [tY + banadl] ; Ty-banal OS 1 89 1

Tyglyn-isa -(SN 498-599)[ ? ( + isat)] ; [hglm inf , tiglm Gr.

Davies,

ti,glm'iJa J .

Jones]

(pn.) John Tuclyn c. 1 378-86 in 1 972 R A. Griffiths p . 3 04, Tyglyn issa als. Rippill Coch 1 68 5 CD 75, Tirglyn 1 740 Ffynnone MSS p. l 36, Tuglyn 1756 Mynachdy MSS , Tyglin 1 75 9 Crosswood MSS , Ty Glyn isha 1 760map E.Bowen, Tyglyn 1 760CF, Tyglyn isha 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Tyglyn 1 767PR

Llanddewi Aberarth, Tuglyn 1 787PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ty Glyn 1 803map J. Singer, Tyglyn als. Tyglyn isav 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.293, Ty Glyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty-glyn-aeron (sic) OS 1 834, Tyglyn Demesne 1 839TMS, Tyglyn isaf 1 864 B.Williams p. 1 9, Ty-glyn OS 1 89 1 , Tyglyn OS 1 904, Sant Alban (chapel) 1 91 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 0, Chapel at Tyglyn 1 926 J.M.Howell p. 1 4, Tyglyn, Tyglyn isaf 'ar dafod pobl yr ardal' 1 959 B . A Jones p. 54

683

(44) ANHUNIOG This name has all the appearances of being ry + glyn compounded, the whole meaning 'house of the valley', which suits its site welL for compounding cf. Tydu (14-a), Glanrhyd Tynoeth (71-a). However, it is possible that the name represents a pre-cluster reduction of an unattested * Teglyn meaning, either: 1 ) 'fair lake', referring to a pool in the river Aeron; or 2) 'fair valley', cf. Teglyn (SN 09-14, Robeston Wathen), Teglin 1 609, interpreted as 'fair valley' by B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 546-47] ; cf. Tegryn (Clydai), Tegrin 1 841 , Ty Gryn 1 849 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 378], which appears to be composed of teg + rhyn; Tegbistyll (Moylgrove) [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 22] ; Tegfynydd (Llanfallteg, Carrns .), Tegfyny [1795 Croydon MSS] . The earliest form refers to Sian Tyglyn - if this is the correct rendering of his name in Welsh - who was an itinerant bailiff in the period 1 378-86, and was brother to Gruffudd, a reeve of the commote of Mebwynion in the 1 340s [ 1 981 D. s. Downey: 1 62] . The in Tuclyn is rather problematic, for though it appears to point to an [a] pronunciation, the spelling of for [a] in English is supposed to be a sixteenth-seventeenth century development [ 1 955 E. J. Dobson: 585-89], however, cf. Moeltrugarn 1 484 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 93-94] for Moe! Drygarn (SN 1 5-33, Whitchurch, Pembs.). This mansion was more important - at least in the nineteenth century - than that of Tyglyn-ucha (43-a) [1959 B. A Jones: 54] . The present house was b.c. 1 7 1 0-20 [1961 CER: 4. 1 92] . The Rev. Alban Thomas of Newcastle Emlyn (later calling himself Alban Thomas Jones Gwynne) acquired Tyglyn-isa through marriage in 1 797, and the Mynachdy estate in 1 805 [1 98 1 D. s. Downey: 162]; he had a private chapel built into the southern end of the house in 1 809 [ 1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 . 524; 1 959 B. A Jones: 36] (it is clearly shown in a plate in 1 872 T. Nicholas p. l 3 1 ), but was persuaded by Bishop Burgess to allow it to become a public chapel for this end of Llanddewi Aberarth parish, which was consecrated on 25/08/ 1 8 1 2, and dedicated to Saint Alban the martyr [ 1 926 J. M. Howells: 14; 1 959 B. A Jones: 36; 1 981 D. s. Downey: 1 63-64, 1 66]. It was endowed with a small farm of seventeen acres called Rhostafarn (14-a) [1833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .524] , as well as Llel)l-gntgiar (50-a) in 1 826 [1981 D. s. Downey: 166]. However, with the building of the chapel of Trinil)l Church (45-a) in the 1 83 0s by Col. A T. J. Gwynne - the son of Alban Thomas Jones Gwynne after 1 8 1 9 - interest dwindled, and the chapel was officially closed. By 1 9 1 5 the walls were crumbling [1915 CAST: 2.45] ; see 1 98 1 D. S. Downey. Ty-gwyn -(SN 472-623)[ty + gwyn] ; Ty-gwyn OS 1 904 Tynbedw -(SN 496-61 8)[tyddyn + y + bedw] ; [trm'bedu, tm'bedu J. Jones] Ty yn y Bedw 1 690rent f 1 6, Gwar-y-wem 1 772map M.Williams, Ty yn y Bedw 1 790PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tynybedw 1 804PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ty'n y Bedw 1 8 1 4PR Cilcennin, Ty-yn y Bedw 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Tynybedw fach (prox. ) 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyn y Bedw OOS 1 81 9, Tyn­ y-bedw OS 1 834, Tynbedw 1 83 1PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyn y Bedw 1 839TMS Llansantfred, Ty'n-y­ bedw O S 1 891 , Tynybedw als. (sic) Tymawr >1 895rent, Tynbedw OS 1 982 TynftYnnon -(SN 501 -609) [tyddyn + y + ffynnon]; [tm'fan:m Gr. Davies, J. Jones] Tythyn y Ffynon 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS, Tyn Ffynnon 1 783PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyn y Ffynnon OOS 1 8 1 9, Tin y Fynnon 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Tynffynon 1 822PR Llansantfred, Tyn'y Ffynnon 1 823PR Cilcennin, Ty'n-y-ffynnon OS 1 834, Tythtyn y Ffynnon 1 839TMS, Tynyffynnon als. Tythen-y-ffynon 1 877 Crosswood Add MSS, Ty'n-ffynnon OS 1 891 Ty-rhos -(SN 486-61 5)[tY + y + rhos]; Ty-rhos OS 1 89 1 Wem-newydd -(SN 484-640)[y + gwem ( + newydd)] ; Wernewydd 1 81 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wern-newydd OS 1 89 1 The -newydd i s i n opposition t o Gwernmeirch (44-a). Wig-ddu -(SN 469-61 1 ) [y + gwig 1 + du] ; [wi·g'm: J. Jones] Weegddu 1 760CF, Weeg Ddu 1 774PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wig Ddu 1 799 NLW MS 61 6-D, Wig Ddu OOS 1 8 1 9, Wig-ddu OS1 834, Wig-ddu OS 1 89 1 Wig-wen -(SN 473-608)[y + gwig 1 (+ gwen)] ; [wig 'wen J . Jones] Weeg-wen 1 760CF, Wigwen 1 763PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wygwen 1 789PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wig Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, Weeg-wen 1 828PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wig-wen OS1 834, Wig-wen OS 1 891 The elements gwen and du are likely to be specifiers in this name, as was llwyd in the unlocated but nearby Weeg-lwyd [181 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth], Weeglwyd [1 832PR Llanddewi Aberarth] , and not refer directly to the word gwig1 , Glegyrog-ddu and Glegyrog-wen (Tywyn, Mers.), and Cribor-lwyd (14-a). The tn. Wig (65-b) contains a different element; cf. Cefnwig (44-a). Wig-wen-fach -(SN 471 -605) [y + gwig 1 (+ gwen) (+ bach)]; 684

(44) ANHUNIOG Weeg rach ? 1 778PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Wig-wen-rach OS 1 89 1

Winllan -(SN 483-632)[y + gwinllan] ; [wrnian J . Jones, 0. Jones] Winllan 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Winllan 1 83 9TMS, Winllan OS1 891

Ynyshir -(SN 498-642)[ynys + hir] ; [ams'hi:r J. Jones, ma·r'ams L.Evans] Ynis Hir 1 684 Crosswood MSS, Ynys Hir 1 690rent f 1 1 , Ynys Hir 1 785PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ynus Hrr 1 8 1 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ynys Hir OOS 1 8 1 9, Ynys 1 82 1 PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ynys Hir O S 1 834, Ynys-hlr OS 1 89 1 , (n.) Bwci'r Ynys 1 973 WFM MS 1 969, Ynyshir Stud Farm O S 1 982

Ynyslas -(SN 498-637)[ynys + glas]; Ynyslas OS 1 982

Ysgol Aberarth -(SN 479-639)[ysgol + tn. Aberarth (44-a)] ; Aberarth C. 1 945 WLS, Aberarth C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS1 982 Opened 1 886 [ 1 984 CER: 1 0 . 95 ] , closed bet. 1 977-83 [ 1 977 WLS; 1 983 WLS]; this was a British School. Ysgoldy'reglwys -(SN 476-632)[ysgoldy + yr + eglwys] ; inf b. 1 837-40. Was a National School bet. 1 84 1 -c. 1 892, and remained a Sunday school till c. 1 970 [ 1 984 CER: 10.84] .

geonyms Brynpoeth -(SN 468-6 1 6) [bryn + poeth] ; [vr:m'b:l·j8 J. Jones] Bryn Poeth 1 693rent, (c) Bryn Poeth 1 839TMS Llanddewi Aberarth, Brynpoeth 1 872MR Llyswen In 1 693 Brynpoeth brought in 8d. chief-rent, as opposed to the 1 s. 9d. ofBryngwyn (44-a) making it appear that Brynpoeth was a small holding [ 1 693rent] ; part of Wigddu [ 1 872MR Llyswen] . Clochdyddiau-pridd -(SN 488-647)[*clochdyau + pridd] ; Clochtyddiau Pr'idd OS 1 89 1 , Clochtyddiau Bridd 0Sc. 1 950 an irregular plural form of clochdy, the base being understood as *clochdydd and hypercorrected on the analogy of newy' pl. newyddion. The term clochdyau-pridd 'earthen towers' is an apt description of the near vertical sea-slope; cf. Penrhiwclochdy (32-b). Coed-mawr-isa -(SN 496-601) [coed + mawr (+ isaf)];

If the map form is correct, this points to

Coed mawr-isaf OS 1 904

Coed-mawr-ucha -(SN 498-603)[coed + mawr (+ uchaf)]; [gait,go:d'mowr J. Jones] Allt fawr OS 1 89 1 , Coed mawr-uchaf O S 1 904 Cf Coed-mawr (44-a). Coredydd -(SN 474-638)[y + coredydd] ; [go'redit> 0. Jones] Coredeu 1 1 84( 1425) cart. Ystradfflur, cofio'r Goredydd 1 91 4 Cymru vol. 1 4 p. l l , The Goredi 1 926 J.MHowell p. 1 2 Belonged t o the village o f Aberarth

[ 1 926

J . M . Howell: 1 2 ] ; "Pan oedd mynachlog Ystradfflur yn ei

gogoniant . . . yr oedd pysgotwyr Aberarth yn dra phrysur ddydd Mercher a dydd Iau, yn dal pysgod i wneud ciniaw i'r mynachod a'u disgyblion ar ddydd Gwener. Yr wyf yn cofio'r goredydd yn dda, ac y mae eu holion yn ganfyddadwy eto. Gofelid am un o honynt ddeugain mlynedd yn ol gan berson tra adnabyddus, yr hwn a wnai :fywoliaeth gysurus o'r hyn a ddaliai. " [ 1 9 1 4 Cymru: 46. 1 1 ] ;

"gored lluos. goredi:

lleoedd ar y traeth wedi eu caead a muriau cerrig. Codir y mur yn rhyw hanner cylch ar yr ochr nesaf i'r mor gan adael yr ochr nesaf i'r tir yn agored. Cedwir y pysgod a ddaw i mewn gyda'r llanw felly rhag diane. Gellir eu gweled ar y traeth rhwng Aberaeron a Llanddewi Aberarth.

II

[ 1 929 W. B. Davies: 296] . There

were said to be about twelve fish weirs at Aberarth in 1 86 1 , by 1 924 only two remained in operation

[ 1 974 J. G. Jenkins : 36] ; last used in 1 920s [inf. o. Jones] . Cwmins -(SN 479-624)[cwmins]; [kumins J. Jones] Mynydd Llandewy Aberarth 'a large stretch of land' 1 603-25 T.I . J. Jones ( 1 9 5 5) p.91 The commonland straddles the w side of the road between Pentre (44-a) and

Clawdd-Dewi (44-a).

Cwm-Mudan -(SN 469-61 5) [cwm + hn. Mudan] ; Cwm Mudan 1 795MR Llyswen, Cwm Mydan 1 798MR Llyswen, Cwmmudan 1 82 1 MR Llyswen, Cwmydan 1 83 5MR Llyswen This could refer directly to the valley, as

mydan was given as meaning 'close, sultry, oppressive, stuffy; I believe that in this case it is the name of the stream

foggy' in Felin-fach [ 1 952 w. B. Davies: 280] . However,

685

(44) ANHUNIOG Mudan (SN 78-32, Myddfai, Carms.). R. J. Thomas's alternative explanation [1 938: 77-78] Mydan seems less attractive. The meaning ofMudan is compared by R. J. Thomas [1938: 78] to S c-G. hn. Balbhag 'the little mute (one)', and M.hn. Awin Vallo 'the mute river', and can also be contrasted to those hydronyms called Tawelan, Clywedog; cf Ffynnon.fyddar (1 6-b). Graigddu -(SN 494-65 1 )[y + craig + du] ; [grajg'm: 0. Jones, krajg '�i: J. Jones] in the valley, cf hn.

by an OW.pn

The Black Rock 1 765PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Black Rock 1 803map J. Singer, Black Rock als. Graig Ddu OOS 1 8 1 9, Craig-ddu O S 1 834, Graig-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Y Graig Ddu 1 98 1 M.Jones p.77 Cf

Lleinau

Pengraigddu (44-a).

-(SN 476-637)[lleiniau] ; Y 'Lleinau' 1 9 1 4 Cymru vol47 pp. 9-1 0 "Yr oedd yn perthyn i lawer hen deulu lain o dir, neu :fwy nag un lain, y rhai a drinid yn ofalus gan eu perchenogion Nid oedd eu lled ond rhyw ychydig o lathenni, tra yr oedd rhai o honynt o hyd mawr. Gan eu bod mor gul nis gallesid cadw gwartheg arnynt wrth gebystr yn ol y dull o amaethu yn ynysoedd Jersey, Guernesey, ac Alderney, rhyngom a Ffrainc. Trinid y tir gan mwyaf a chaib a rhaw, ac achlesid ef

a gwymon o'r mor. Os byddai yn gleiog rhoddid tywod arno er mwyn ei rhyddhau. Y mae y mor wedi meddiannu rhan fawr o'r 'lleinau' erbyn hyn; ac y mae y gweddillion wedi eu gwerthu i berchenogion y tir oddiamgylch. Y mae sefyllfa gymdeithasol y bobl wedi cyfuewid, ac nid yw ymborth mor brin yn awr ag y bu. Pan basiwyd deddf y 'Small Holdings' nis gallwn lai na meddwl am 'leinau' Aberarth pan yr eisteddai

[ 1914 Cymru: 47.9-1 0] ; sea has eaten a lot of the coast in this century [inf. o. Jones] . Pont-y-brodyr -(SN 455-622)[pont + y + brodyr] ; [p:mt,d:lj'vrawd 0. Jones, J. Jones] pob teulu dan ei 'sopyn' ei hun. "

Pont-y-tri-brawd 'as it was then called, which is a better description than' Pont-y-brodyr 1 929 WGaz. n.c. { ATL P 1 9 1 3 } , am Bont y Brodyr 1 970 L. H.Lewis p. 49, yn Bont y Brodyr 1 973

WFM MS

1 969, Pont y

Brodyr 1 98 1 M. Jones p . 7 1 The origin as well as the name of this bridge i s debatable, a traditional account follows, "Pont-y-tri-brawd as it was then called, which is a better description than 'Pont-y-brodyr'. It was erected nearly a century ago by the three eldest sons of the then possessor of Monachty - Alban Gwynne, known still at that date ( 1 9 1 2) by a few of the older people as 'Colonel bach'. This is absolutely authentic, as I have heard of it from one of the bridge builders - my father, the late Rev. Edward Gwynne. His elder brothers Alban and John helped in the building, but he was the architect, " The bridge was built by them as a short cut from Mynachdy to Aberarth where they bathed

[1929 WGaz. n.c. in ATL P1 9 1 3] . There is nothing improbable in the A T. J. Gwynne (t 1 86 1 ) in the mid nineteenth

story of the building of a bridge by the sons of Colonel

century. However it is rather coincidental that this bridge happened to be exactly on the boundary of the monastic lands of Ystradffiur, and that, furthermore, another place in the vicinity is called

Pwll-y-brawd

(again on monastic lands) and again known locally by the name of Llyn-dou-frawd. In the case of Pont-y­

brodyr

the fact that its alternative names

�

Pont-dou-frawd

and

Pont-y-tri-brawd

- do not have an

identical reckoning of the number of brothers also leads to suspicions. The reason for the name also differs: named so because two brothers drowned here

[inf. o. Jones], cf Pwll-y-brawd (44-b). There is, I Ffynnon-y-brodyr in Cwmirfon (SN 846-

believe, an almost identical case of misinterpretation concerning

544, Llanflhangel Abergwesyn, Brees.), which was named so because a

man

who robbed and killed wayfarers,

him, and [inf. D. Jones (Abergwesyn)] (see also Gw. A. Fychan [200 1 : 454-56]). However, yet again we fmd that Ffynnon-y-brodyr may quite well have had a monastic killed his own brother (who had left the area many years ago) because he had not recognised mistaken him for yet another moneyed traveller

connection, as its site lay directly on the route between the monastery of Ystradffiur and its lands at

Tirabad (Brees.),

(cf. "totam terra que est inter Tywy et Iruon oblayn Tywy hyt ydiccorva, In' yar blayn

Pullhywarch usque blayn Trosnant, In' Trosnant usque Tywy, "

Pwll-y-brawd -(SN 49 1 -640)[pwll + y + brawd] ; [in E. Davies (Llannarth), ab�r'ejr:>n I. James (Moylgrove)] Ostium Ayron 1 1 84(1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Aberayron 1 41 3 CalPR p. 89, Aber Aeron fl. 1485a L. Glyncothi p. 1 69, Aber Ayron 1 539 J.Leland in 1 970a MRichards, Aber Iro 1 565 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p . 7 , Aberaeron 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p . 65, Aber Aeronn 1 7thcent. RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 992, Aberaeron 1 748map L.Morris, Aberayrron 1 760map E.Bowen, Aberairon 1 760CF, Aberaron 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Aberarran 1 776map M.Mackenzie, 'creek' Aberairon 1 779 Mynachdy MSS, Glan y Mor 1 784 Mynachdy MSS, Aberion 1 797 in 1 903 G.E.Evans p.20, Aberayron 'vill.' 1 803map J. Singer, Aberarron 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.40 1 , Aber Ayron 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 37, Aber Aeron 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Aber Aeron, Aberearon 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson p.5, Aberayron 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Aberaeron OS1 834, Aberauron 1 837PR Cilcennin vol. 5, Aberaeron OS 1 89 1 , Aberayron OS 1 904 The term Aberaeron in the olden days most usually meant Aberaeron-ucha (45-a), whilst the central site of the present-day town was called Glanmor (45-a). (c) Morfa Llwid (Llanddewi Aberarth) [1 822MR Llyswen] might have been the name of part of Morfa Aberaeron which extended into both Llanddewi Aberarth and Henfynyw parishes: Morva Aberayron [1 680 Crosswood MSS]; 'parcel' Morva Aberayron [ 1 706 Mynachdy MSS] ; Morfa [ 1 822MR Llyswen] . In 1 78 5 the vicinity of Aberaeron comprised only three or four pentref of cottages: Pentre Dre-fach, Pentre Llyswen, Pentre Dolhalog, Pentre Cwmins and Pentre Pengarreg-isa [ 1904 WGaz. 07/01/04] ; "0 fewn cof hen bobl oeddwn yn adwaen yn dda, lle newydd ydoedd Aberaeron. Nid oedd yno un rhith o bentref, heb son am dref Yr oedd yno dy tafarn tra henafol, a gelwid ef yn Aberaeron. " [ 1 9 14 Cymru: 47. 1 85] . In 1 806 Aberaeron consisted only of four houses and twenty people. Initially growth was slow, but from 1 830 Aberaeron started growing, could not have been called a town before then [ 1 864 B. Williams: 7, 14-1 5]; by 1 864 there were 1 ,500 people [ 1 864 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.369] . A shipbuilding trade had been set up by the end of the eighteenth century, evident from the attestation of a ropemaker who lived at Aberaeron in 1 80 1 [ 1 80 1 NLW MS 616-D]. The development of Aberaeron followed an Act o f Parliament of 1 807 entitled Harbour and Port of Aberayron . . . [1 926 J. M. Howell: 8; 1 970 J. H. Lewis: 19]; work began on the pier in 1 806 [1 864 in 1 967 CER: 5.367] ; pier walls of harbour built in 1 80708 [1 970 G. M. Jones: 285] ; harbour :finished c. 1 8 1 1 [1 926 J. M. Howell: 1 1] . The northern side of harbour known as Liverpool [1 984 W. J. Lewis: 1 7], hv�r'pu:l [inf o. Jones] , whilst the southern side is known as Birkenhead [ 1 970 L. H. Lewis: 1 58; 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 1 7] , b�rkm'hed [inf 0. Jones], reflecting the locations of the original Liverpool and Birkenhead, the former N of the river Mersey, the latter s of the river (this reflects the ports with which Aberaeron traded, namely Bristol and Liverpool [1 864 B. Williams: 20]) . Throughout the nineteenth century and i n the first part o f the twentieth century the name was officially spelt Aberayron, the local historian B. Williams [ 1 864: 5] noted: "Diau dylid ysgrifenu yr enw yn Aberaeron. Dylai Cymry syo yn gwybod y fforo iawn, rooi siampl o tlaen ereill nad ydynt ynj gwybod. " This situation was remedied after 1 93 6 when the regular Welsh spelling was made official - but one unfortunate side-effect is that English speakers now tend to pronounce the place ab�.l'e·.1�n rather than ab�.1'ej.I�n as formerly, distancing their pronunciation even more from the Welsh original. Comprising: 1 ) Aberaeron-ganol, 2) Aberaeron-isa, 3) Aberaeron-ucha, 4) Allt-y-graig, 5) Bont, 6) Capelwesle, 7) D61halog, 8) Feathers, 9) Ficrej(i), 1 0) Ficrej(ii), 1 1 ) Gat Rhiwgoch, 1 2) Glan-y-m6r, 1 3) Kingdom Hall, 14) Llysaeron, 1 5) Llyswen, 1 6) Llyswen-isa, 1 7) Melin Llyswen, 1 8) Min-y-m6r, 1 9) Northgate, 20) Pant-teg, 2 1 ) Penallt-y-graig, 22) Pen-y-bont, 23) Pengarreg­ fawr, 24) Peniel, 25) Penmorfa, 26) Penrodyn, 27) Siloam, 28) Stesion Aberaeron, 29) Tabernacl, 30) Trinity Church, 3 1 ) Tyncoed, 32) Westgate, 33) Workhouse, 34) Ysgol Aberaeron, 35) Ysgol-cownti Aberaeron, 36) Ysgol-fry. Aberaeron-ganol -(SN 458-629) [aber + hn. Aeron (+ canol)] ; Aberayron ganol 1 81 7MR Llyswen, Aberayron ganol 1 8 1 8 NLW M S 61 6-D, Neuao y Dref 1 864 B.Williams p. 1 5, Neuadd y Sir (Aberaeron) 1 962 Pam. 5 p. 1 4, a'r 'Neuadd Dref' 1 970 L.H.Lewis p.24, Aberaeron ganol 1 970 G.MJones p.290 It was on the site ofAberaeron-ganol that the Town Hall (later the County Hall) [ 1 970 G. M. Jones: 290; 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 1 8] was b. 1 840-45 (some say b. 1 846) [1988 Llais Aeron: 1 08] ; L. H. Lewis [ 1 970: 24] was wary of the date of c. 1 833 given by B. Williams [1 864 in 1 967 CER: 5.368] for the building of the hall (though other authorities give the date of building as 1 83 5 [ 1 97 1 A Sampson], or 1 852 [ 1962 Pam.5: 14], both of which authorities point to it having being used to accommodate Court of Quarter Sessions). Aberaeron-isa -(SN 456-639)[aber + hn Aeron (+ isaf)];

ABERAERON

688

(45) ANHUNIOG Aberayron issa 1 774MR Llyswen, Aberaeron isa 1 801map W.Morris, Aberayron issia 1 8 1 8 Mynachdy MS S, Aberaeron OOS 1 8 1 9, Aberaeron isaf 1 970 G.M Jones p.289 In 1 801 on site of present Milford House ( 1 970 G. M. Jones: 289] ; on end of quay (OOS1 8 1 9] ; see sub Aberaeron (45-a). Aberaeron-ucha -(SN 459-624)[aber + hn. Aeron (+ uchaf)] ; Aberayron 1 693rent, Aberayron 1 774MR Llyswen, Aberaeron ucha 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Inn 1 803map J. Singer, Aberaeron uchaf 008 1 8 1 9, Aberaeron-uchaf O S 1 834, Aberayron uchaf 1 839TMS, Dolau­ aeron 08 1 89 1 , Dolaeron 1 959 G.MJones p. 3 5 b. 1 750 a s a n inn for travellers ( 1 988 Llais Aeron: 1 08] ; a hotel i n the previous century, stood where Dolaeron now stands [ 1 959 B. A Jones: 3 5] ; see sub Aberaeron (45-a). Allt-y-graig -(SN 461 -623)[allt + y + craig]; [ait�'grajg J. Jones] Danalltygraig 1 762-63 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 65, Allt y Graig 1 807MR Llyswen, Allty Graig 1 8 14 NLW MS 61 6-D, Galltygraig 1 8 1 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Galltygraig 1 828MR Llyswen, Alltygraig 1 83 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Galltygraig 1 84 1 cens. , Allt-y-graig OS 1 891 See Penallt-y-graig (45-a). Bont -(SN 459-624)[y + pont] ; (f.pn.) Nancy'r Bont, (pn.) Siencyn Bont, Siencyn y Bont 1 880s n.c. in NLW Min.Dep. (1982) p.7, Bont 08 1 89 1 , Y Bont 1 90 1 Cymru vol.20 p.204, Bont OS 1 904, Bont Cottage 1950 G.M Jones p. 57, Y Bont 1 970 G.MJones p. 290, (pn.) John Bont 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 1 9 Was a thatched cottage [ 1 970 G. M. Jones: 290] . Brynheulog -(SN 462-624)[bryn + heulog]; Brynheulog OS 1 982 Bryn-y-mor -(SN 462-629)[bryn + y + mor] ; Bryn-y-mor OS 1 982 Capelwesle -(SN 458-630)(capel + n. Weslet Aberaeron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.280, Capel Wesle 1 970 J.H.Lewis p.34, The Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Cross 1 958 WGaz. 08/05/58 b. l 864, closed c. l 922 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 68 ] ; blessed and ded. in 1 958 as a Catholic Church, had been a private residence in the preceding thirty years [ 1 958 WGaz. 08/05/58] ; in Victoria Street, by now a Catholic Church ( 1 970 J. H. Lewis: 43 ] . Cwmins -(SN 462-61 9)[cwmins]; (glan'rav�n, kumms J. Jones] (c) The Common 1 780MR Llyswen, Commons 1 800 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Cwmin 1 8 1 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cwmins 1 81 8PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Common 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Cwmmins 1 820MR Llyswen, Cwmmis , Cwmmins 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Glanayron ?? 1 822MR Llyswen, Commons 1 828PR Llanddewi Aberarth, (c) Common 1 839TMS, Commins 08 1 891 , Pentre Cwmmins 1 904 WGaz. 07/01 /04, a'r Cwmins 1 970 L.H. Lewis p.48, (f.pn.) Mari Cwmins, Mari'r Cwmins 1 970 L.H.Lewis pp. 1 1 6-1 7, Cwmmins 1 970 G.M.Jones p.29 1 , Glanrafon OS 1 982 There once stood here ten cottages, in 1 940 the last one, Ty Mari Patrick was destroyed [ 1 970 G. M. Jones: 291 ] ; Glanrafon at the end of the commons (cwmins) [inf J. Jones] . Ddol-fach -(SN 461 -616) [y + dol + bacht Dolevach 1 8 1 4 NLW Deeds MS 1 307, Dolevach 1 8 1 5PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Dole fach 1 8 1 9PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ddolfach 1 830 NLW MS 61 7-D, Ddol-fiich 08 1 891 , Glyn-Aeron OS 1 904 Ddolhir -(SN 463-617) [y + dol + hir] ; [�o:l'hi:r J. Jones] Ddol-hir 1 693rent, Dolhir 1 81 6PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Ddol Hir 1 83 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Dolhir 1 839TMS, Ddol-hir OS 1 891 Dolhalog -(SN 457-623)[dol + halog] ; Y Ddol-halog 1 693 rent, Dole Halog 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Ddole Halog 1 774MR Llyswen, Ddol Halog 1 799 in NLW MS 61 6-D, Dolhalog 1 801PR Henfynyw, Dol-halog OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Dolhalog 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04, Dolhalog 1 970 G.M Jones p.291 , Dol Heulog OS1 982, Dol-halog 'now' Dolheulog 1 984 W.J.Lewis p.42 Four families lived here in 1 785 [ 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04] ; for the reanalysis of halog as heulog, see sub Fjoshalog (33-a). Dre-newydd-fawr -(SN 462-632)[tref + newydd (+ mawr)] ; (dre'newi� Gr. Davies, dre,neWI�'vowr J. Jones]

689

(45) ANHUNIOG Drenewydd vawr 1 693 rent,

Y

Dre newidd fawr 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Trefnewydd 1 770PR Llanddewi

Aberarth, Drenewydd 1 772PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Trenewydds (coil) 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Trenewydd vawr als. Drenewydd 1 8 1 3 Mynachdy MSS, Drenewidd 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tre newydd fawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Dre nowidd 1 822MR Llyswen, Tre-newydd-fawr 1 826PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Dre nowyidd 1 827MR Llyswen, Tre-newydd-fawr O S 1 834, Drenewydd fawr 1 83 9TMS, Drefnewydd 1 983 D.L. Jones p. 3 82

-fawr is in opposition to Dre-newydd-fach als. Dre-fach (44-a), however, there dre,ncWJ(')'va:x on the opposite side of the courtyard ofDre-newydd-fawr [inf. J. Jones] . Feathers -(SN 460-629) [E. feathers] ; [pn. dev.ISfe(')�z J. Jones] The

also existed a

Feathers Inn OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffeathers Inn 1 828MR Llyswen, Feathers Inn OS 1 834, Feathers 1 83 6 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, ir Feathers Inn 1 864 B.Williams p. 1 8, Feathers Hotel OS 1 89 1 ,

Y Feathers

1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 370,

The Royal Feathers Inn 1 984 W.J.Lewis p. 3 8, yng Ngwesty'r Plu 1 986 Barcud n. 1 02

[ 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 38), by the squire of Llanaeron (27-a) [ 1 967 CER: 5.370] . The account given by L. [ 1 970: 126] that the Feathers was built c. 1 840 on the site of New Inn which was built in 1 8 1 7 is probably only mistaken in the date of establishment of the name Feathers. The probable explanation is that shortly after this inn was first built it was also known as New Inn, and the building c. 1 840 represents b. c. 1 8 1 5

H. Lewis

a rebuilding.

Ficrej(i)

-(SN 458-628)(Gat Rhiwgoch) [E. vicarage] ; Vicarage OS 1 89 1

Ficrej(ii) -(SN 46 1 -628)(Feathers)[E. vicarage]; Y Persondy newyo ? 1 864 B. Williams p. 1 8, Vicarage O S 1 89 1 b. > 1 875 [1 984 CER: 10.86], this was the vicarage of Llanddewi Aberarth. Frondeg -(SN 463-626)[y + bron + teg] ; Fron-deg OS 1 89 1

Gat Rhiwgoch

-(SN 458-620)[gat + tn. Rhiwgoch (46-a)] ;

[f�p�'ga:t Gr .

Davies]

The Turnpick Gate 1 779MR Llyswen, T.G. 1 803map J. Singer, Turnpike 1 808 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Aberayron T. Gate OOS 1 8 1 1 , Turnpike 1 8 1 4MR Llyswen, The South Gate of Aberayron als. Godre Rhiwgoch 1 8 1 6MR Llyswen, T . G. OOS 1 8 1 9, The Gate at Rhiewgoch, South Gate 1 824MR Llyswen, The South Turnpike Gate 1 828MR Llyswen, T. G. OS 1 834, The Aberayron East Gate 1 863MR Llyswen, The Aberayron East als. Lampeter Gate 1 867MR Llyswen, Siop y Gat, (fpn.) Mari Gat 1 970 J.H.Lewis p. 40, Siop fach y Gat 1 987 Llais Aeron n. l 06, Tollborth y Dwyrain 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 1 07

Gerallt -(SN 460-623) [ger + yr + allt] ; [geraH J.

Jones]

Gerallt OS 1 982

Glanmor -( SN 456-63 1 ) [glan + y + mor] ; (c) Glan y Mor 1 864 B. Williams in

1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 370,

(c) Glan y Mor 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04, (c) Ffair­ (c) Cae Glanmor 1 970 L.H.Lewis p . l l 4 This was the common name of the central part of Aberaeron before the town was built [1864 B.Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.370], c. 1 790 was called Glanmor where a hiring fair was held on the thirteenth of November ( 1 904 WGaz. 07/0 1/04]; fair held on the thirteenth of December [1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Aber Aeron] ; Ffair-lan-y­ mor 'fel y galwem h� neu yn 61 rhai' Ffair Ffyliaid [1970 L. H. Lewis: 1 72]. Glan-y-mor is now the name of a lan-y-mor 1 970 L.H. Lewis p . 1 72, Glan y Mor O S 1 982,

housing estate.

Glas-y-dorlan

-(SN 460-624) [glas-y-dorlan] ;

Glas-y-dorlan OS 1 982

Goetre-fach

-(SN 462-620)[y + coed + tref (+ bach)] ;

Goitre vach 1 693rent, Goitrefach 1 83 9TMS, Goitre fach 1 867MR Llyswen, Goetre O S 1 89 1 C f Goetre-fawr als. Goetre-ucha (44-a). GwarlTynnon -(SN 463-624)[gwar + y + ffynnon]; [g�jtrc J.

Jones]

Gwaeryffynon 1 834MR Llyswen, Gwarffynnon 1 839TMS, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Goetre O S 1 904, Goetre 0Sc. 1 950, Goitre O S 1 982 This place seems to have assumed the name of the neighbouring two abandonment.

Kingdom Hall -(SN 458-620)[E.

kingdom + hall] ;

Hall O S 1 982

Llysaeron -(SN 459-6 1 0)[llys + hn.

Aeron];

690

Goetre (44-a)

after their

(45) ANHUNIOG Llysaeron 1 875 Mynachdy MSS, Llys-aeron OS 1 891 Llyswen -(SN 460-619) [llys + gwen] ; [llyswen 1 948 GMG p. 1 90] Leswen 1 282 in 1 936 MRhys p.33, Thleswenn 1 284 CalChartR p. 280, Llyswen 1 693rent, Lyse Wen 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Llyswen 1 787 in NLW MS 61 6-D, Lluswen 1 79 1 in NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Llyswen OOS 1 8 1 9, Llyswen 1 845TMS, Llys-wen OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Llyswen 1 904 WGaz. 07/01 /04 Eight families lived here in 1 785 [ 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04] , "y lle cyfan a alwem ni blant yn 'Llyswen' " (two rows of thatched cottages including Melin Llyswen (45-a) and PentWr (45-a) [1 970 L. H. Lewis: 1 16] , one of the houses was known as Ty-canol [ 1 970 L. H. Lewis: 1 16 ]. Llyswen-isa -(SN 460-620)[llys + gwen (+ isa±)]; (c) Cae Main, Llyswen Cottage ? 1 83 1 Mynachdy MSS, Llyswen isaf 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. l l 6, Llys-wen OS 1 982 Lease of part of a field called Cae Main, whereon the said Anna erected a dwelling house called Llyswen Cottage [ 1 83 1 Mynachdy MSS] . Manor Hall -(SN 460-6 1 9) [E. manor + hall] ; Manor Hall OS1 891 Melin Uyswen -(SN 460-61 9)[melin + tn. Llyswen (45-a)] ; Melin Lyse Wen als. Melin Aberayron 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, The Mill of Llyswen 1 777MR Llyswen, Mill 1 785 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Llyswen Mill 1 795MR Llyswen, Melin Llyswen 1 795PR Henfynyw, Y Felin 1 81 4 NLW MS 61 6-D, Lleswin Mill 1 82 1 MR Llyswen, Llyswen Mill 1 845TMS, (pn.) Shorr y Felin 1 880s n c. in NLW MinDep. ( 1 982) p. 7, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Llyswen neu Felin Llyswen 1 970 J.H.Lewis p.3, Melin Llyswen 1 970 J.H.Lewis p. 3 , (c) L6n-y-felin 1 984 W. J.Lewis p.44 Min-y-mor -(SN 454-626)[min + y + m6r] ; Min-y-mor O S 1 982, Min-y-m6r 1 983 D.L.Jones p . 3 82 Northgate -(SN 462-63 1 ) [E. north + gate] ; [n:>r8'ge:t Gr. Davies, ga:t J. Jones] T.G. 1 803map J. Singer, The North Gate 1 81 3MR Llyswen, Aberayron North Gate 1 8 1 4MR Llyswen, Turnpick Aberayron 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, a'r Turnpike 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 62, Tollborth y Gogledd 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 1 07 Pant-teg -(SN 457-622)[pant + teg] ; Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 , Pant-teg 0Sc. 1 950 Penallt-y-graig -(SN 450-623) [pen + allt + y + craig] ; Pen-allt-y-graig OS 1 89 1 Pen-y-bont -(SN 458-623)[pen + y + pont] ; Tuy yn Mhen Pont Aberayron 1 680 Crosswood MS S, Tir Pen y Bont 1 693rent, 'parcel' Parke Pen y Bont 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Aberaeron Bridge 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Penybont 1 821MR Llyswen, Penbont Dole 1 845TMS, Penybont als. Bragdy 1 867MR Llyswen, Pen-y-bont OS 1 891 Pengarreg-fach -(SN 45 1 -625)[pen + y + carreg (+ bach)] ; Pen y Garreg ucha 1 693rent, Pen y Gareg vach 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Penygarreg fach 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 38, Pen Garreg fach 1 801 map W.Morris, Penygarreg fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-garreg fach OS1 834, Bengarreg fach, Pencarreg fach 1 845TMS, Pen-careg-fiich OS1 89 1 , Pengarreg Morfa OS 1 982 Pengarreg-fawr -(SN 456-627)[pen + y + carreg (+ mawr)] ; [peiJ'gareg J. Jones] Pen y Garreg 1 693rent, Pen y Gareg vawre 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Pen y Garreg 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Pen y Garreg fawr 1 777MR Llyswen, Penygar. 1 785 NLW MS 61 6-D, Penygarregfawr 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol 6 p.38, Pen Garreg fawr 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Penygarreg fawr OOS 1 81 1 , Pen-y-garreg O S 1 834, Bengarreg fawr, Pencarreg fawr 1 845TMS, Pentre Pengarreg isaf 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04, Pengarreg isaf 1 970 G.MJones p.29 1 , Pen y Garreg fawr 1 984 W.J.Lewis p.24 Farmhouse was at junction of Pant-teg (45-a) and Bridge Street [ 1 984 w. J. Lewis: 24] . Peniel -(SN 458-628)[Bibl.tn. Penuel] ; Peniel Chapel 1 83 8MR Llyswen, Peniel 1 864 B. Williams p. 1 5, Aberaeron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, a Chapel y Peniel 1 970 J.H.Lewis p. 34, Capel y Peniel 1 970 L.H.Lewis fac.p. 80, Peniel 1 970 J.H.Lewis p. 75, Peniel Chapel 1 984 W.J.Lewis p.30 b. 1 833 [ 1851Rel cens. : 525; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278; 1 970 G. M. Jones: 293; 1 970 J. H. Lewis: 75; 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 30] ; enl. l 857, enl. l 897 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278] ; denom. I. Penmorfa -(SN 453-626)[pen + morfa] ; Penmorfa (sign) 691

(45) ANHUNIOG This extensive building was opened in 1 992 as the new headquarters of Ceredigion District Council which became a County Council in 1 996. Penrodyn -(SN 454-628)[pen + yr + odyn]; [pen'r;:,dm J. Jones] Kilns 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Kilns 1 845TKMS, Lime Kilns OS1 891, o Benrodyn 1 992 Barcud n. 1 62 The odyn refers to the lime-kilns on the beach. Now also the name of council houses b. 1 930s, below the new school of Ysgol Aberaeron (45-a) [inf. J. Jones]. PentWr -(SN 460-6 1 9)[pen + y + tWr]; Pentwr 1 836 NLW MS 61 7-D, Pent"Wr 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 76, Pentwr 1 983 D.L.Jones p.376, Pent"Wr 1 984 W.J.Lewis p.44 "Dywedir bod ty bychan Pen TWI- yn sefyll ar ran o sylfaen y plas [i.e. Llyswen]. " [ 1 9 1 4 Cymru: 47. 188] ; for a photo, see 1 970 L. H. Lewisjac. p. 76. An ancient cottage of Llyswen (45-a) [ 1 970 G. M. Jones: 291 ] . Siloam -(SN 460-629)[Bibl.tn. Siloam]; Aberaeron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.281 , Siloam 1 970 J.H.Lewis p.42 b. 1 869 in North Road [ 1 970 J. H. Lewis: 42], where Norris Carpets is now [inf]; b. 1881 [c.1902 E. R. Horsfall­ Turner: 281 ] ; denom. B. Stesion Aberaeron -(SN 459-623)[stesion + tn. Aberaeron (45-a)] ; [jard�'steJon, i·r'steJ:m J. Jones] Aberayron Station 1 957 L.Cozens p.46, (c) Pwll y Station (prox., in river) 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 75 Railway between Llanbedr and Aberaeron opened in 1 9 1 1 [ 1 970 L. H. Lewis: 152] ; faced the Peugeot car dealer's premises [inf. J. Jones] . Tabemacl -(SN 457-630)[tabernacle]; Y Tabernacle 1 864 B. Williams p. 1 5, Y Tabernacl 1 864 B. Williams p. 1 7, Aberaeron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.277, a Chapel y Tabernacl 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 34, Tabernacl 1 970 L.H.Lewis p.75, Y Tabemacl neu'r Capel isha 'fel y gelwid ef 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 55 b. 1 807 as a sabbath school [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60]; b. 1 833, as a chapel [ 1 851Rel cens. : 524; 1 950 G. M. Jones: 293; 1 970 J. H. Lewis: 75; 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 1 1 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60) ; enl. 1 853, 1 869 ( 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 60) ; denom CM; This has given its name to Tabernacle Street. Trinity Church -(SN 457-629)[E.n. Trinity + church]; Trinity Church 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 524, Trinity Chapel 1 950-51 G.M.Jones p.292, Holy Trinity Church, Eglwys y Drindod 1 972 Pam. 1 title, Aberaeron Church 1 979 CER vol. 8 p.407 Chapel of ease to Henfynyw [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 524; 1 950-51 G. M. Jones: 292] ; b. 1 834-35 [ 1 864 B. Williams: 15] ; b. 1 838-39 [ 1851Rel cens . : 524; 1 972 Pam. l : 4--5; 1 950--51 G . M . Jones: 292] ; b. 1 842 [ 1 926 J . M . Howell: 1 1 ]; reb. 1 8707 1 , consecrated 06/08/1 875 [ 1 972 Pam. I : 4--5 ] ; its status was raised from being a chapel to become Holy Trinity Church in 1 872 [ 1 984 CER: 10.87] ; the tower was b. 1 878 [ 1 970 L. H. Lewis: 76) . Tyncoed -(SN 461 -625)[tyddyn + y + coed]; Teen u Coed 1 776MR Llyswen, Ty'n Coed 1 778PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyn y Coed 1 787 NLW MS 61 6-D, Tu n Coed 1 789 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Ty'nycoed 1 81 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyn y Coed OOS 1 8 1 9, (c) Lon Tynycoed 1 825MR Llyswen, Tyn-y-coed OS1 834, Ty'n-y-coed OS1 891 Ty-rownd -(SN 461 -61 7)[tY + rownd] ; Ty-round OS 1 891, Ty-round OS1 904 Westgate -(SN 455-626)[E. west + gate] ; [west'ge:t Gr. Davies] T.G. OS 1 834, The West Turnpike Gate 1 828MR Llyswen, Tollborth y Gorllewin 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 1 07 Workhouse -(SN 461 -629)[E. workhouse] ; [�'w�rk�s 0. Jones, w�rkows J. Jones] Work House 1 839TMS, The Union Workhouse 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Workhouse 1 863MR Llyswen, Gweithdy'r Tlodion 1 864 (B.Williams) in 1 967 CER vo1. 5 p.369, Aberaeron Union Workhouse OS 1 89 1 , Union Workhouse OS1 904, Hospl OS 1 982 b. 1 839 ( 1 984 W. J. Lewis: 35; 1 972 CN 08/09/72; 1 978 CER: 8.25 1 ; 1 988 Llais Aeron: 108] ; in 1 9 1 4-1 8 it became a hospital, then became a 'Cottage Hospital' until 1 948 when it was incorporated into the National Health S ervice [ 1 984 w. J. Lewis: 37] . Ysgol Aberaeron -(SN (ii)454-627)[ysgol + tn. Aberaeron (45-a)] ; [�sk;:,l'newi� (ii) J. Jones] Aberaeron C. 1 945 WLS, Aberaeron C.P. 1 967 WLS, Yr 'Ysgol newydd', British School 'at the time' 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 25, Yr Ysgol Brydeinig 1 970 L.H.Lewisfac.p. 96, School OS 1 982 i) SN 460-630. b. 1 873 [ 1 970 L. H. Lewis:fac. p.99] . The British School, later the Board School, has become a nursery school [ 1 984 w. J. Lewis: 26] ; prox. Siloam (45-a). 692

(45) ANHUNIOG ii) SN 454-627. Near Maes-yr-heli and Heol-yr-odyn. Ysgol-cownti Aberaeron -(SN 461 -626)[ysgol-cownti + tn. Aberaeron (45-a)]; [kownti'sku:l J. Jones, 0. Jones] County School 1 903 G.E.Evans p.20, Ysgol y Sir, Aberayron 1 925 Pam. 3 cover, Aberaeron County School 1 946 Pam.4 cover, Ysgol Sir Aberaeron 1 946 Pam.4 p.25, School OS 1 982 In 1 950s the school united with the elementary school to form a bilateral school and later a comprehensive school [ 1 984 w. J. Lewis: 3 9] . Ysgol-fry -(SN 45 7-627)[ysgol (+ fry)]; Ysgoldy Cenedlaethol y Dref 1 864 B. Williams p. 1 8, o'r 'Ysgol Fry', 'Ysgol' yr Eglwys, North Road 1 970 L.H.Lewis p . 1 13, Yr Ysgol Genedlaethol 1 970 L.H.Lewisfac. p. 96 Opened 1 849--50 [1 984 CER: 10.94] . hodonyms Cae-sgwar -(SN 459-628)[cae + sgwar]; Alban Square 1 836PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Alban Square OS1 891, i'r Cae Sgwar, Y Sgwar 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 1 80, Sgwar Alban O S 1 982, Cae Sgwar, Alban Place 1 987 Llais Aeron n. 1 05, The Square Field 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion Pencei -(SN 456-629)[pen + y + cei]; ar Ben Cei 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 129, Pen Cei O S 1 982 Parc-y-fro -(SN 458-625)[parc + tn. Fro (25-a)] ; [park�'vro: J. Jones] Parc-y-fro (public park) OS 1 982 A certain (pn.) Dan y Fro, of Felin-fach, left the land to Aberaeron town council in his will [inf J. Jones] . geonyms Yr Allt-fach -(SN 457-625)[yr + alit + bach] ; tua'r Alit fach 'fel y galwem ni yn blant y 'coed' ' 1 970 L.H.Lewis p.97 Bane-bach -(SN 454-624)[banc + bach]; Bane bach c. 1 960 Pam 6 p. 1 6, Bane bach 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 97, Bane bach 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion Bont-isa -(SN 458-628)[y + pont + isaf]; [b�nt,aber'ejr:m J. Jones] The New Bridge now in building 1 81 3MR Llyswen, New Bridge 1 822MR Llyswen, Y Bont isaf 1 988 Llais Aeron n. 1 20 b. 1 8 1 3 ( 1970 G. M. Jones: 285; 1 988 Llais Aeron: 120]; in 1 878 old bridge fell down [ 1 878 CN 1 2/09178] ; reb. 1 882 [1970 G. M. Jones: 285; 1 988 Llais Aeron: 1 20]; the road down Rhiwgoch (46-a) used to be the main road to Aberteifi until Bont-isa (45-b) was built [ 1 970 G. M. Jones: 285]. Bont-ucha -(SN 459-624)[y + pont + uchaf] ; Aberayron Bridge 1 789MR Llyswen, Upper Bridge OS 1 982, Y Bont uchaf 1 988 Llais Aeron n. 120 b. c. 1 750, reb. 1790, reb. 1 91 1 [ 1 988 Llais Aeron: 1 20]. Castellcadwgan -(SN 460-634)[castell + pn Cadwgan]; Casdell Aber Aeron 'yn y traeth' >1667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Castell Cadwgan 1 801map W.Morris, Cast Cadwgan 1 803map J.Singer, Castell Cadwgan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.290, Castell Cadwgan, Y Gaer OOS 1 8 1 9, (c) Castle Lane 1 863MR Llyswen, at Gastell Cadwgan 1 864 B.Williams p.6, Castell Aberaeron 1 864 B. Williams p.21, Caer Cadwgan 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 1 3, Castell Cadwgan (Encampment) OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cae Gar 'castle field' 1984 W.J.Lewis p.7 It stood near where the river Aeron originally debouched into the sea, see sub Aeron (d), Pwllcam (45-b). The entrenchment of a small castle, half of which has long since been washed away by the sea [ 1 781 H . P. Wyndham: 89] ; no tump [ 1 864 B. William s : 21) ; last piece of Castellcadwgan swallowed in 1 903 [ 1 904 WGaz. 07/01/04); "Y mae llawer iawn o dir wedi myned i golli yn ystod y ganrif ddiweddaf Y mae sylfaen hen ysgoldy Aberaeron, lie y derbyniodd fy nhad elfennau addysg, yn awr dri chwarter milltir allan yn y mor, ac o'r braidd y gellir canfod y lle yn amser trai. Y mae hen Gastellcadwgan wedi ei lyncu yn llwyr. Yr wyf yn ei gofio yn dda pan nad oedd y mor wedi gwneud fawr argraff arno. Pan fyddo llongau bychain yn yn angori bellder mawr tu allan i Aberaeron, yn fynych daw gwreiddiau coed a hesg i fyny yn y clai gyda'r angor, yr hyn sydd brawf fod gorlifiad wedi cymeryd lie yn gymharol ddiweddar. " [ 1 91 4 Cymru: 47. 12] . The name of Cadwgan Place (SN 457-629) in the developing town of Aberaeron: Cadwgan Street [1 836MR 693

(45) ANHUNIOG Llyswen], Cadwgan Place [1 864 B. Williams: 1 7] , Cadwgan Place [OS1891 ], may be thought of as named after the fortifications above, but its similarity to the the farm name Cilgwgan (44-a) in the neighbourhood made me suspicious even prior to coming across the earliest forms of a house in Aberaeron which clearly shows the replacement of Cilgwgan by Cadwgan: Cilgwgan House [ 1 820:MR Llyswen] , Cilgwgan House (David Jones) [ 1 823:MR Llyswen] , Cadwgan (David Jones) [1 825MR Llyswen] , Cadwgan House (David Jones) [ 1 826:MR Llyswen] . The substitution of Cadwgan for an original *Castell Cilgwgan seems probable on the face of it, for it is only 1km w of Cilgwgan. The motivation for a renaming may have been an attempt to connect the fortifications with Cadwgan ab Bleddyn of the Welsh chronicles (as was done S. Lewis [ 1 833 (1 850 edn): 1 .4]). The equation of Cilgwgan with Cadwgan (if this is the origin of the name) was done by 1 800, but R Vaughan's naming of it as Casdell Aber Aeron in the late seventeenth century strengthens the possibility of the form Cadwgan being a recent adoption. Doc-bach -(SN 455-629)[ doc + bach]; Dock bach 1 959 WGaz. 20/08/59, o 'Ddoc bach' 1 970 L.H.Lewisfac.p.24 The -bach is in opposition to Pwllcam (45-b) which was a larger anchoring area. Lovers Bridge -(SN 457-625)[E. lovers + ' + bridge]; Lovers Bridge 1 972 in 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 3 5 1 , Lovers' Bridge 1 978 CER vo1. 8 p.3 5 1 , Lovers Bridge 081 982 b. 1 972 [1978 CER: 8.35 1 ] . Y Pir -(SN 454-630)[y + pir] ; The Bar or Mouth of the said river (adj.) 1 788MR Llyswen, Aberayron Pier OOS 1 8 1 1 b. 1 806 [ 1 864 in 1 967 CER: 5.367]; cf YPir (20-b; 65-b). Pwllcam -(SN 457-628) [pwll + cam] ; Pwll Cam 1 788MR Llyswen, 'dock called' Pwllcam 1 8 1 0 Mynachdy MSS, Pwll Cam 1 970 G.M.Jones p.287 The river Aeron's original course into the sea at Castellcadwgan (45-b) was diverted between 1 800 and 1 814 into Pwllcam in order to form the harbour of the new port of Aberaeron. " All the docks in the said harbour" [ 1 8 14:MR Llyswen]. Samgadwgan -(SN 457-638) [sarn + pn. Cadwgan] ; Sam Gadwgan 1 801map W.Morris, Sam Cadwgan 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Sarn Cadwgan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.290 This lay one mile s of Samddewi (44-b) and extended out to sea one and a half miles [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 36] ; see sub Castellcadwgan (45-b).

694

( 46) ANHUNIOG HENFYNYW Abermarlais -(SN 439-605) [tn. Abermarlais (Llansadwm, Carms.)]; [aber'marles E. Davies, aber maries 1 948 GMG p. 1 83] Abermarles, Tir y Skybor vawr 1 693rent, Abermarles als. Tyr y Skybor vawr 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Abermarles, Tyr y Scybor 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Abarmarles 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 39, Abermarles 1 799PR Henfynyw, Abermarles OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abermarles ycha (prox.) 1 8 1 5MR Llyswen, Aber-marlas OS1 834, Abermarles 1 845TMS, Aber-marlais OS 1 891 , Abermorlais 1 924-26 CSRLS 52 Raifft -(SN 439-61 0) [tn. Yr Aifft] ; [(c) ka·'rajft inf ] Raift 1 801PR Henfynyw, Yr Aipht 1 805PR Henfynyw, Aipht 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Raipht 1 828PR Henfynyw, 'Raipht OS 1 834 The reason this place was named after Egypt (W. Yr Aif.ft) is unclear, though it is undoubtedly a figurative Biblical allusion to exile or remoteness, rather than to wealth; cf Ai.fft als. Plas-newydd (47-a); Yr Aif.ft (SH 22-35, Tudweiliog, Caems.). Arch -(SN 463-600)[arch] ; Arch 1 875MR Llyswen, Arch-Hen-Geraint OS 1 89 1 , Arch OS1 904, Arch Cottage OS1 982 The usual meaning of arch is 'coffm', and this may have a depreciative meaning for this site, though arch could also mean 'coffer, chest' (G1ams.) [ 1770-1820 I.Morg. p.4 l ] ; c£ Arch (49-a). Blaen Cilcert -(SN 445-605)[blaen + tn. Cilcert (46-a)]; Blaen-cil-cert OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-cilcert OS1 904 Blaenffos -(SN 450-61 1 )[blaen + y + ffos] ; Blaen-ffos OS 1 89 1 b.bet. 1 845-91 [ 1 845TMS; OS 1 89 1 ]. The ffos i n question may well b e a reduction o f the nearby farm of Ffospompren (46-a), on whose land it stood, rather than a reference to an independent stream. Blaenlluest -(SN 465-585)[blaen + tn. Lluest (46-a)] ; Blaen-y-lluest OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-lluest OS 1 904 Bro-Ceri -(SN 449-608)[bro + hn. Ceri]; Bro Ceri OS 1 982 A housing estate. The hn. Ceri has been extracted from a mistaken reading of Cilcert (46-a) as *Cilceri; the stream in question is Ffos-y-jfin(i). Bro-Dewi -(SN 449-612)[bro + pn. Dewi] ; Bro Ddewi OS 1 982 A housing estate. Brondolau -(SN 464-6 l l )[bron + y + dolau]; Fron-dolau OS 1 904 Cae-bral - ( SN 445-606)[cae + bral]; Ca Bral 1 926 RE.Bevan p.62, Caebral OS1 982 The term bra! (sg. brelyn, pl. bra/au) 'rag' is quite common as a field-name Cae Bra/ on many farms in Llanwenog parish ( 1939 D. R. & z. s. Davies: 79], as well as in Llanwnnen and Llannarth parishes, e.g. (cs) Cae-bral-y-banc, Waun-jral (L1anwenog) [ 1 981 BBCS: 29.523], (cs) ka·'bral (Caste11 1and, 23-a) [inf. D. Davies], as well as in the unlocated Tythyn Kae Brelyn (L1anfihange1-y-creuddyn) [ 1587 Cwrt-mawr MSS] . The adjective is found in (cD-41) Park Bralog [ 1 837TMS Llannarth] . I. Dafydd [ 1 981 BBCS: 29.523] adds Bra/au (SN 39-37, Llange1er, Carms.) and Cefnbralau (L1anboidy, Carms.), Ceven Brale [ 1 767 G. E. Evans MSS: 9] , and notes: "0 safbwynt ystyr mewn enwau lleoedd gellir cymharu clwt (llu. clytiau) sy'n digwydd yn fynych fel elfen yn golygu 'dernyn, darn, llain o dir'. " Cae-haidd -(SN 460-608)[ cae + yr + haidd] ; Kaie Huydd 1 65 1 in 1 961 CER vol.4 p.203, Cae-haidd 1 693rent, Kae Haidd 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Caehaidd 1 760CF, Tythyn Cae Haidd als. Cae Haidd 1 792 Mynachdy MSS, Cai Raid OOS 1 8 1 1 , Caihadd 1 822MR Llyswen, Cae Haith 1 822PR Henfynyw, Cae-haidd O S 1 89 1 Capel Ffosffin -(SN 448-606)[capel + tn. Ffosffm (46-a)] ; Capel Ffos-y-ffin (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Ffos-y-ffin c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, (fpn.) Nell Tycwrdd 1 904 J.Evans p.204, Capel Ffosffm 1 91 4 Cymru vo1.47 p. 1 87, Capel O S 1 982 b. 1 780 [ 1 85 1 Re1 cens . : 524; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60] . b. 1 83 1 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 277]. Capel Nouaddlwyd -(SN 474-596)[capel + tn. Nouaddlwyd (27-a)] ; 695

(46) ANHUNIOG New Meeting House 1 746 in 1 966 CER vol. 5 p. 278, Church of Christ Meeting at Neuaddlwyd 1 791 in 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 42, Meeting Ho. OOS 1 8 1 1 , Capel OS1 834, Y Neuao Lwyd 1 864 B.Williams p. 30, Capel Neuadd-l"Wyd (Independent) OS 1 891 , Noyadd Llwyd >1 895rent, Neuaddlwyd c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279, Capel Neuaddlwyd, Neuadd-lwyd OS 1 982 b. 1 746 as schoolhouse [ 1875 R. A Thomas: 1 00, 102; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60] ; b. 1 760 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279 ] ; branch of Capel Ciliau Aeron until c. 1 765 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60] ; b. 1 796> [ 1 875 R. A Thomas: 100, 102] ; enl. twice between 1 796 and 1 81 9 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60] ; 1 8 1 9 [ 1 875 R. A Thomas: 1 00, 1 02] ; ren. 1 869-70 (c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 60] ; see TjYrysgol (46-a). Cefnheblwyn -(SN 448-605)[cefn + heb + llwyn] ; Ceven Heblwyn 1 8 17MR Llyswen, Cefenheblwyn 1 845TMS, Leighton House OS 1 982 Cilcert -(SN 441 -613)[cil + ? ]; [k1lkert J. Jones] Kilkert ucha + issa 1 693rent, Tir Killkert ycha, Killkert issa, Tir yssa Griffith ap Walter in Esker Killkert 1 697/98 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 762, Tir Killkert ycha + yssa 1 7 1 8/1 9 D.T.M.Jones MSS vol.4 p. 764, Kilkert 1 760CF, Kilcert >1773 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 54, Cilcert 1 787 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Killkert 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 39, Cilcert OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cilcart 1 822MR Llyswen, Cilcarth 1 825MR Llyswen, Cilygarth 1 826MR Llyswen, Cilcert OS1 834, Cilcert OS 1 904, (fpn. ) Sian y Cilcert 1 914 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 87, Cil­ cert OS1 891 This name seems to contain cert 'cart', a loan-word from ME . cart, which seems rather a late form to be found with the archaic cil 'nook', furthermore cert is the nW. form of the word, the sW. form being cart. It could be a simplification of the plural form ceirt ( cf. Pont Rhyd-y-ceirt (Manordeifi, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 386]), but 'nook of carts' strikes me as somewhat improbable as the meaning of a toponym. The consonant cluster in final position in Welsh is only known in loan-words, except where it represents a development of in a fmal position, though there is no persuasive candidate *certh (except feasibly cyngerth 'interwoven, entangled' - containing an otherwise unattested *certh 'woven' [GPC s.v. cyngerth]) ; cf Cilcert (40-a). Cilfforch -(SN 446-6 1 5) [cil + fforch] ; Kilphorch 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.47 1 , Kilfforch 1 693rent, Kilfforch 1 704 Mynachdy MSS , Kilforch 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Cylfforch 1 785 Mynachdy MSS, Killfarch 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p.3 8, Cilfforch 1 8thcent. RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.94 1 , Cilfforch OOS 1 81 1 , Chilfforch 1 821MR Llyswen, Cilfforch OS 1 834, Cilforch 1 845TMS Thefforch refers to the fork of the adjoining stream with Ffosjfin (46-d). Clogfryn -(SN 448-621 )[clog + bryn]; [kbgvrm J. Jones] Clogfryn 1 693rent, Clogfryn OOS 1 81 1 , Clog-fryn OS 1 834, Clogfryn O S 1 891 The distinct hill besides this place is eminently suitable for a name containing clog - though it is feasible that it is a dissimilated reflex of an older *Crogfryn, cf. Crocuryn (Creuddyn, Caerns.) [>1200 cart. Aberconwy: 1 30] ; hn. Nant-y-crogfryn (Rhos Llannerchrugog, Denbs. ) . Cnwc-y-fogel -(SN 448-61 8)[cnwc + y + bogel] ; Cnwc y Forgel OOS1 8 1 1 , Cnwck y Fogel 1 827PR Hen:fynyw, Cnwckyfogail 1 83 3MR Llyswen, Cnwc-y­ fogel O S 1 834, Cnwckyfogel 1 845TMS, Cnwc-y-fogel OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc y Fogel 1 924-26 CSRLS 52, Brynolwen OS 1 982 Cnwc-y-rhedyn -(SN 458-6 1 6)[cnwc + y + rhedyn] ; Cnwc-y-rhedyn OS1 891 , Cnwc yr Rhedyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 52 Coopers Arms -(SN 443-598) [E. coopers + ' + arms] ; Coopers Arms 1 845TMS, Coopers Arms 1 875MR Llyswen, Coopers' Arms (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Cloth Hall OS 1 904, Cloth Hall 0Sc. 1 950, The Grange OS 1 982 Cros Ffosffin -(SN 450-61 1 )[eros + tn. Ffosffm (46-a)] ; Cross Ffosffm 1 843 NLW MS 61 7-D, Ffosyffin Cross 1 845TMS, Ffosffin Cross 1 846 NLW MS 61 7-D, Ffosffin Cottage 1 890s n.c. in NLW Min.Dep. (1 982) p.34 This house name refers to the crossroads 1 OOm to the NE, this crossroads being that of the road between Henfynyw church and the interior and the old coastal road between Aberteifi and Aberystwyth (the present line of the coastal road - a turnpike road - was built in the 1 8 1 Os [ 1803map J. Singer; 1 845TMS; Bont­ isa (45-b)] ) . Cross Villa -(SN 447-604)[tn Cros[-wae] (46-a) + villa]; Crossway Villa OS1891, Cross Villa OS1 904 696

( 46) ANHUNIOG Cros-wae -(SN 447-605)[E. cross + way] ; [£5'kr=>S1Wa·e 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 8 1 3, croswae 1 948 GMG p. 1 86] Crossway OS 1 89 1 , Cross-way 0Sc. 1 950 Whilst this is indubitably an English place-name, the term wae is attested in local Welsh in the phrase ar wa:e lit. 'on the way', but semantically an equivalent to ar gerdded 'wandering' [ 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 813 ] . Cwm-bach -(SN 465-61 1)[cwm + bach] ; Tynycwm OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm bach 1 845TMS, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-bach O S 1 904, Alltwen OS1 982 Ddolwen -(SN 466-61 0) [y + dol + gwen] ; Ddolwen 1 845TMS, Ddol-wen OS1 891 Derlwyn -(SN 474-600) [derw + llwyn] ; Derlwyn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS189l ; OS1904] . Dolgwartheg -(SN 463-61 3)[ dol + y + gwartheg] ; Dole Gwartheg 1 693rent, Dole y Gwartheg 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Dol y Gwartheg 1 820PR Hen:fynyw, Dolygar ? 1 822MR Llyswen, Dol-gwartheg 1 823 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Ddol-y-gwartheg O S 1 834, Dolegwartheg 1 845TMS, Dolau Gwartheg 1 864 in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p.370, Dolgwartheg OS 1 904, Dolaugwartheg 1 970 L.H.Lewis p.43 Falcondale -(SN 454-607)[E.tn. Falcondale (23-a)] ; Tyrcyd issa 1 845TMS, Falcondale OS 1 891 The Falcondale estate had land in Hen:fynyw parish in the nineteenth century; cf Tircyd (46-a). Feillionen -(SN 459-61 7)[y + meillionen] ; Veillionen 1 840 NLW MS 6 1 6-D, Veillionen 1 845TMS , Meillionen O S 1 89 1 , Bron-aeron OS 1 904 Cf Meillionen (51 -a). Ffoscabej -(SN 453-61 0) [ffos + y + cabej] ; [ffos cabetsh 1 948 GMG p. 1 87] Foes 1 821MR. Llyswen, Ffos OS1 834, Ffosgabbage, Ffosgabage 1 845TMS, Ffos-cabbage OS1 891 , Ffos, 'now known as' Ffoes (two syllables) 1 926 RE.Bevan p.61 Ffosdeicyn -(SN 452-61 4) [ffos + pn. Deicyn] ; [fo:sldejkm E. Davies] Foes Tykin 1 805MR Llyswen, Ffoesticyn 1 882 Mynachdy MSS, Ffos-dicyn OS 1 89 1 , Ffoes-deicin OS1 904, Ffosdeicyn 1 970 L.H.Lewis p. 3 Cf Tyddyndeicyn tm d iki (Llanfair Pwlgwyngyll, Angl.) [p.c. H. Ll. Humphreys] . FFOSFFIN -(SN 448-607) [ffos + y + ffm] ; Ffos Ffm 1 803map J. Singer, Ffoesy:l:fm OOS 1 81 1 , Ffos y Feen 1 8 1 5PR Hen:fynyw, Ffos y Ffeen 1 825PR Hen:fynyw, Ffos-y-ffin OS1 834, Ffosyffin 1 845TMS, Ffos-y-ffin OS 1 89 1 , Ffosffm 1 914 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 88, Ffosffin 1 993 leaflet The.ffin in this name refers to the boundaries of farm-holdings. Ffospompren -(SN 45 1 -6 10)[ffos + y + pompren] ; [ffos bompren 1 948 GMG p. 1 87] Llyast Keven Ffoes y Pompren 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Ffoesypontbryn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos y Pompren 1 8 1 4PR Hen:fynyw, Ffos Pompren 1 8 1 7PR Hen:fynyw, F[ ]es Pnt Bren 1 822PR Henf:Ynyw, Foesbontbren 1 822MR Llyswen, Ffos Bont Pren 1 828PR Hen:fynyw, Ffospontbren, Foespontbren 1 845TMS, Ffos­ pontbren OS 1 891 Ffowndri -(SN 449-61 O)[E. foundry] ; [ffowndri 1 948 GMG p. 1 88] Foundry als. Henfor 1 824PR Hen:fynyw, Foundery 1 828PR Henfynyw, Foundry 1 845TMS Ffowndri Cottages -(SN 448-6 1 2) [tn. Ffowndri (46-a) + E. cottages]; Foundry Cottages OS 1 891 , Foundry O S 1 904 Ffyllon-fawr -(SN 446-599)[ ? (+ mawr)]; [f�bnlvowr E. Davies] Ffullon 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol 6 p. 39, Ffyllon fawr OOS1 8 1 1 , Fyllon 1 821PR Henf:Ynyw, Ffyllon Fawr OS1 834, Ffyllon-fawr OS 1 891 , Ffyllon 0Sc. 1 950, Gwynnant OS1 982 See Ffyllon (22-a), F.fyllon-fach (22-a). Ffyllon-ganol -(SN 452-600)[ ? (+ canol)] ; Ffyllon genol 1 845TMS, Ffyllon-isaf (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Ffyllon-ganol OS 1 904 Ffyllon-isa -(SN 450-598)[ ? (+ isaf)]; Tithin y Ffillon yssa 1 587rent, Ffullon issa 1 693rent, Fyllan issa 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Ffidlan issa 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Ffullin 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p. 39, Ffyllon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fyllon issa 1 822PR Henfynyw, Ffyllon-ganol (sic loc.) OS 1 891 , Ffyllon-isaf OS 1 904 l

697

(46) ANHUNIOG Ftyllon-ucha -(SN 453-600)[ ? (+ uchaf)]; Ffullon ucha 1693rent, Ffyllon ycha 1743 NA MSS, Ffyllon ucha 1795PR Henfynyw, Ffyllonuha 1845TMS, Ffyllon-uchaf OS1891 Ffynnonddewi -(SN 447-606)[ffynnon+ pn Dewi]; Ffynnon Ddewy 1693rent, Ffynnon Ddewie vach 1706 Mynachdy MSS, Ffynnon Ddewyo 1818MR Llyswen, Ffynnon Ddewi 1818PR Henfynyw, Fynon Ddewi 1822PR Henfynyw, Fynnon Ddewi 1833 S.Lewis (1850 edn) vo1.1 p.418, Ffynonddewi 1845TMS, Ffynnon-ddewi OS1891 Described as a 11ffynnon ragorol.11 [1914 Cymru: 47 . 1 87). "This well was in the kitchen of the cottage called Ffynnon Ddewi. 11 [1954 F. Jones: 1 57 ]. Ftynnonlas -(SN 451-605)[ffynnon + glas]; [f�n;:m'la:s E. Davies] Ffynnon-las OS1891 Ffynnonro -(SN 440-601)[ffynnon+ y+ gro]; Ffynnon-ro OS1891 Fourwinds -(SN 455-617)[E. four+ winds]; Four Winds OS1982 Frongelyn -(SN 469-595)[tn Frongelyn (25-a)] ; [vr:liJ'g elm J. Pugh] Fron-gelyn OS1891 Garthwynnog -(SN 444-601)[tn. Garthwynnog]; Garthwynnog OS1982 Cf Llanwnnog (Monts.). Glwyd-ddu -(SN 472-603)[y + clwyd+ du]; [glujd't>i: J. Jones] Lodge OS1819, Lodge OS1834, Glwyd-ddu OS1891, Clwyd Ddu OS1982 Grofft-y-boudy -(SN 460-611)[grofft+ y+ boudy]; [lofft y boidi 1948 GMG p.185] Groftyboydu 1693rent, Lofft y Boydy 1795PR Henfynyw, Loftyboidy 1798 in 1968 CER vol.6 p.39, Llofft y Beudy 1818PR Henfynyw, Groft y Boidy 1822PR Henfynyw, Roft y Beudy OS1834, Lloft y Beudy, Croftybeudy 1845TMS, Crofft-y-beudy OS1891 Henfynyw -(SN 447-612)[hen + mynyw]; [he:n'vemw Gr. Davies, henfyniw, henfeniw 1948 GMG p.182, called Hen Fenyw, just like the words henfenyw, 'an old woman"' 1888 J. Rhys p.380] Uetus Rubus 1099(1200Y4) Uita Sancti Dauid p.153, Ueterem Rubum 1099(1200Y4) Uita Sancti Dauid p.155, Henvyniw Dec fl.ll70(c.1400) Gwynfardd Frycheiniog in Hendreg. p.200, Vetus Rubus 'dicitur, 'qui et Kambrice' Hen-meneu, 'Latino vero' Vetus Menevia 1194 Uita Sancti Davidis (Gir. ) vol.3 p.384, Henvenev 1273 in 1283 J.B.Smith p.355, Henveneu 1280 CalPR p.418, Henvenen 1284 CalChartR p.275, Hendmen, Hevene 1291 Tax.Eccl. p.272, Henvynyw 1513 ERSt-David p.802, Henvynyw 1548 Crosswood MSS, Hen Fyniw c. 1566EPC, Henvynyth (sic) 1577 NLW MS 2912 p.41, Henvenywe 1577 in 1913 L.E.Ll.Theakston & J.Davies p.7, Henuenyu 1578map C.Saxton, Henvynewe 1559-1603 NLW MS 7531 in 1948 GMG p.184, Henfyniw c.1600 L.Dwnn vol.l p.31, Heuenyu 1610map J.Speed, Henefeniw 1704 Mynachdy MSS, Hevenyn 1662 in E.RHorsfall-Turner pp.120-21, Henveniw 1685-88 in NLW MS 763-D 184, Henvenue 1688 NLW MS 13529-A, Henviniu 1694 Crosswood MSS in 1948 GMG p.184, Henfyniw 1706 Mynachdy MSS, Henviniw 1720 Crosswood MSS, Cenvenien, Hen Fynyw 1734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Henvenew 1743 NA MSS, Llanvenien 1760map E.Bowen, Henveniw 1760CF, Llanweniew 1765map E.Bowen et al., Hanvenew 1776map M.Mackenzie, Hen Vynyw 1799EPC, Hen Fynyw, (c) Cwm Henfynyw ( Cwm Cilfforch) 1803map J.Singer, Henefenieu 1808 Mynachdy MSS, Henvenew 1809 in 1970 J.H.Lewis p.l9, Hen:finiw OOS1811, Henfynyw OS1834, Henvynyw (Hen­ fynyw) 1833 S.Lewis (1850 edn) vol.1 p.417, Henfenyw 1848 NA MSS, Yr Henfynyw 1864 B.Williams p.15, Henfynyw, St. David's Church (Vicarage) OS1891 There seems little reason to doubt - as J. E. Lloyd [ 1 939: 154] seems to do - that mynyw was cognate to I. muine, 'bush, thicket, brake, brushwood, scrub', for this meaning of mynyw is confirmed by the Latin version of the name. Giraldus Cambrensis [ 1 1 94 Uita Sancti Davidis (Gir.): 384] noted that the Irish still called St Davids (Pembs.) Cell Muine in his day: "Sortitus est autem locus hie nomen ab Hybernico Muni, quod et rubus sonat. Uncle et Kil-muni Hybernice adhuc hodie ecclesia Menevensis appellatur. OI. Cell Muini [ 1 953 LHEB: 378]. Otherwise the word mynyw is a wholly obscure one in Welsh, and - as N. K. Chadwick [1958: 155] points out - the fourteenth-century Welsh translator of Buched Dewi did not recognise Henfynyw as being Vetus Rubus: 11Y ny lie ydysgwyt Dewi yndaw aelwit Vetus Rubus yngkymraec yw yrhenllwynn11 [1 346 Buched Dewi: 3 ]; see 1864 B. Williams p.28 and 1868 B. Williams p.207. According to 11 • • •

=

11,

698

(46) ANHUNIOG the Lives of Dewi, he had been educated at Henfynyw, and there was even a bishop there, called Guistilianus [ 1 958 N. K. Chadwick: 1 56] . Mynyw was an older name of St Davids, Miniu [ s.a.810(c.954) Ann.Camb.(A): 1 1] , but according to N. K. Chadwick's reading of the lives ofDewi [1 958: 155] , Mynyw for St Davids was an name emulating the original place where Dewi had become a religious man, which henceforth became Henfynyw, for distinguishing purposes. The Vallis Rosina of the Latin Life of Dewi may have been St Davids' original name, glossing MW. Hodnant [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 52], a cognate of Hownant (d). R J. Thomas [ 1 935: 37-38] connected both Mynyw and the hn. Mynwy with the name of the ancient Celtic people the Menapii (found in Belgium) and the Manapii (found in Ireland), " Y mae bron yn sicr y ceir yn yr enwau .1\{ymry, Mynyw olion y llwyth hwn yng Nghymru cyn i ran ohono groesi drosodd i Iwerddon. " All this seems unlikely. Equally unlikely is the connection of mynyw with obscure names such as, Mon (E. Anglesey), Manaw (E. Man), which are connected with the Celtic root mon­ 'mountain' [ 1 979 PNRB: 4 1 1 , 419-20], and Manafon (Monts.). Though the hn. Mynwy (E. Monnow, Mons.), Mynry [c. 1 250 BBC: 33], certainly looks closer; see 1 888 J. Rhys p.380. "Dywed traddodiad y gelwid hi yn yr hen amser yn Llanddewi Henfynyw, i'w gwahaniaethu oddiwrth Landdewi Aberarth, a llawer eglwys arall a enwid ar ol Dewi Sant. " [ 1 91 4 Cymru: 47. 1 86] . Hengerrynt -(SN 467-606)[hen + cerrynt] ; [hen gyrint 1 948 GMG p. l 89] Hengurrent 1 703 Coleman MS 1 34, Hengurrynt 1 774 Falcondale MS S in 1 948 GMG p. 1 89, Hengyrunt 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p.3 9, Hengyrynt 1 799PR Henfynyw, Hengurrunt 1 81 0MR Llyswen, Hengurunt OOS 1 81 1 , Hengurynt 1 822PR Henfynyw, Hengeraint 1 827PR Henfynyw, Hen-gyrynt OS1 834, Hengyrynt 1 837MR Llyswen, Hengyraint 1 83 7MR Llyswen, Hengyrynt 1 845TMS, Hengyrynt OS 1 89 1 , Hengwrent als. Hengwynt > 1 895rent, Hengeraint OS 1 904 The components of cerrynt (car + hynt) are obviously clear, and originally meant as in its modem Breton cognate, karrent 'a cart-way', but its sense was modified as is made clear in this thirteenth-century passage from the Welsh laws: "Nit tervyn prif avon engiryawl rwg deu kymhwt onyt yny hen gyrrynt. " [1926 BBCS: 3.133]. As I. Williams remarked [ 1 945: 54] the phrase hen gynynt meant 'old (river-)bed' (lit. 'old way'), a sense that suits Hengerrynfs location, adjoining the flat valley floor of the river Aeron, though its site is now on the hill over l OOm above the valley floor, one can explain this as due to a local removal of the settlement; Tir Pen Pont Hen Gurrynt (Cenarth, Canns.) ( 1688 Ftynnone MSS: 144], is obviously also very near the river, and has the same meaning; whilst Perthgerent in Penbryn also situated on a flat at the confluence of two rivers; see Perthgerent (8-a); Gwerngenynt (SN 89-99, Llanbrynmair, Monts.), Weun Gerrynt [1 926 BBCS : 3 . 1 34] . I . Williams ( 1 939: 1 54] favoured the original 'cart-track, track, course' for the name Genynt (SH 63-48, Beddge1ert, Caerns.), Gerrynt [>1 200 cart. Aberconwy: 1 54] (note that the lenition in. this name seems to have no regular motivation). Llaethliw -(SN 475-596)(1laeth + lliw] ; [iej6hw, iej6luw J. Pugh, lleithliw 1 948 GMG p. 1 89] Tir als. Tythin y Llyest als. Llaithliw, (c) Llain Blaen Rhyw Llaethlyw 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Tir als. Tythin y Llyest Llaetlyw, (c) Llaen Blaen Rhyw Llaethliw 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Llaethlu 1 760map E.Bowen, Llaethla 1 765map E. Bowen et al. , Lleithliw 1 760CF, Llathliw 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p. 1 89, Llaethlue 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p.39, Llaethliw 1 803map J. Singer, Lleithliw OOS 1 81 1, Llaethliw OS1 834, Llaethliw OS 1 891 , Llaithlew, Llaethliw >1 895rent It seems that Llaethliw 'milk colour' is a good description for a stream, cf hn. Llaethnant (L1anymawddwy, Mers.), the name of the uppermost course of the river Dyfi. The stream alluded to by Llaethliw is likely to be the nearby tributary of the river Mudr; see Lluest (46-a). Llain -(SN 45 5-6 1 0)[llain] ; Llain OS 1 89 1 Lluest -(SN 468-591 )[lluest] ; [Hast J . Pugh] Tir y Lluest ? 1 693rent, Tyr y Lliest als. Llain Bron y Kae ? 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Llyast Verch Voris ? 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Llyest ? 1 774 Falcondale MSS (GMG), Lluast ? 1 792PR Henfynyw, Lyast ? 1 796PR Henfynyw, Lluest ? 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol.6 p.39, Lluest ? 1 832 Mynachdy MSS, Lluast 1 845TMS, Lluest OS 1 89 1 , Llyast ? > 1 895rent See Llaethliw (46-a); cf sub Rhiwgoch-ucha (46-a). Maesllan -(SN 446-61 2) [maes + y + llan]; [maeslan 1 948 GMG p. l 91 ] Masyllan 1 8 1 8MR Llyswen, Maeslan 1 820MR Llyswen, Maesllan 1 822PR Henfynyw, Maesllan 1 845TMS, Maes-llan OS 1 891 Maes-newydd -(SN 449-608)[maes + newydd] ; 699

( 46) ANHUNIOG Maesnewydd 1 845TMS Morwerydd -(SN 444-601)[mor + tn. Werydd] ; Merwerydd OS 1 982 Mwdwi -(SN 463-607)[mwdwlt Mwdwnwernen 1 693rent, Mwdwll y Wemen 1 704 Mynachdy MSS, Mwdwl 1 780MR Llyswen, Mwdwl y Wernen 1 796 NLW MS 61 6-D, Mwdwlwernen 1 806MR Llyswen, Mwdwl OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mwdwl O S 1 834, Mwdwl OS 1 89 1 New Inn -(SN 475-598) [E. new + inn] ; [mw'm J. Pugh] New Inn OOS 1 8 1 1 , New-Inn 1 845TMS, New Inn Forge OS1 982 Niwgat -(SN 456-609)[E. new + gate]; [niwgat 1 948 GMG p. 1 9 1 ] Tir Cyd ucha 1 845TMS, Newgate Cottage OS1 89 1 , Neugate OS1 904, Maes-y-ffm OS1 982 Cf Tircyd (46-a). Parcrhos -(SN 461 -598) [parc + y + rhos]; Park y Rhos 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p. 1 91 , Parcu Rhos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parc-y-rhos OS1 834, Parc-rhos-isaf + -uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Pare-rhos OS1 904 Penbanc -(SN 449-601 )[pen + y + bane] ; [pen'bauk E. Davies] Penybank 1 801PR Henfynyw, Penybanc OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-banc OS1 834, Penbank 1 845TMS, Pen y Bane 1 875 D. J.Davies p. 24, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , Penybanc, o Benbanc 1 93 4 D.Jenkins p. 27 Penbont -(SN 476- 598)[pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b:lnt J. Pugh] Pen-bont OS 1 891 Penrhiw -(SN 467-595)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Penrhiw 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p. 1 9 1 , Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penyrhyw 1 825PR Henfynyw, Pen-rhiw OS 1 834, Penrhyw, Penrhiw 1 845TMS, Penrhiw OS 1 891 Penrhiwdrych -(SN 445-602)[pen + rhiw + yr + drych]; Penrhiwdrych OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penrydruch 1 828PR Henfynyw, Pen-rhiw-drych OS 1 834, Penrhywdrych 1 845TMS, Pen-rhiw-drych OS1 891 Penrhiwdrych-fach -(SN 445-603)[pen + rhiw + yr + drych (+ bach)]; Pen-rhiw-drych-tach OS1 891 Penrhiw-fach -(SN 466-594)[pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; Pen-rhiw-:ffich OS 1 89 1 Penrhyn-bach -(SN 472-598)[penrhyn (+ bach)] ; Pendryn bach 1 820PR Henfynyw, Penyryn bach 1 82 1PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Pen-rhyn-bach OS 1 89 1 , Meidwr als. Penrhynbach >1 895rent, Penrhyn-bach OS 1 904 Penrhyn-mawr -(SN 469-599)[penrhyn (+ mawr)] ; fpendrin 1 948 GMG p. 1 92] Penrhyn 1 774 Falcondale MSS in 1 948 GMG p. 1 92, Pendryn 1 794PR Henfynyw, Pendrin 1 796PR Henfynyw, Pendryn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penbryn 1 81 5MR Llyswen, Pen-rhyn OS 1 834, Penrhyn 1 845TMS, Pen­ rhyn OS 1 89 1 , Penrhyn als. Penrhynmawr > 1 895rent Pomprenmydr -(SN 476-501)[pompren + hn. Mydr] ; [p:lmpren'midrr Gr. Davies] Pont Bryn Mudir OS 1 8 1 9, Pont-bren-mudir OS1 834, Pontbren-mydr OS 1 89 1 , Pontbren-mydyr OS1 904, Pontbrenmydr OS 1 982 Redlion -(SN 448-607)[£. red + lion]; Cross Pipes 1 845TMS, Red Lion Inn O S 1 891, Inn 0Sc. 1 950 Rhiwgoch-isa -(SN 457-61 8) [rhiw + coch (+ isaf)]; Rhiwgoch 1 8 1 5MR Llyswen, (c) Rhugoch 1 820MR Llyswen, Rhiwgoch 1 845TMS, Rhiw-goch-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Rhiw-goch OS 1 904 Rhiwgoch-ucha -(SN 456-6 1 7) [rhiw + coch (+ uchaf)] ; (c) Kwm Lluast (prox. ) 1 774MR Llyswen, Lluast fach ? 1 787MR Llyswen, Penrhiwgoch OOS 1 81 1 , Penrhiwgoch 1 834MR Llyswen, Pen-rhiw-goch O S 1 834, Lluast 1 845TMS, Rhiw-goch-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Rhiw-goch-uchaf OS 1 904 There was another Lluest (46-a). Rhyd-y-bae -(SN 437-61 2) [rhyd + y + bae ? ] ; [rhyd y bae 1 948 GMG p. 1 93] Rhyd-y-bai OS1 891 For the disyllabic realisation of bae in this area, cf �ba·e [ 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 824], and Cros-wae (46-a). Rosarina -(SN 456-61 0) [ ? ] ; 700

(46) ANHUNIOG Rosarina OS 1 982 Saint Davids Well -(SN 448-606)[E. pn. Saint David + 's + wellt St. David's Well O S 1 982 Seaview -(SN 457-61 9)[E. sea + view]; Rhiw-goch (sic loc. ?) OS 1 89 1 , Sea View OS 1 904 Sioplon -(SN 473-595)[siop + y + Ion] ; U:lp'lo:n J. Pugh] Neuaddlwyd Shop 1 845TMS, Shop-Ion OS 1 891 , (pn. ) Dan Siop Lon 1 970 L.H.Lewis p.95 Sychbant -(SN 456-61 3)[sych + pant] ; Suchpant 1 693rent, Sychpant 1 760CF, Sych Bant OOS 1 81 1 , Suchpant 1 822PR Henfynyw, Sychbant OS 1 834, Sychbant OS 1 89 1 Sychbant-bach -(SN 458-614)[sych + pant (+ bach)]; Sychbant bach 1 81 5PR Henfynyw, Suchpant fach 1 81 9MR Llyswen, Sychbant-bach OS 1 891 Tanwinllan -(SN 462-61 1 ) [tan + y + gwinllant Tan-winllan (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Tan-winllan OS 1 904 Tir-cyd -(SN 452-606)[tir + cyd] ; TY'r Cyd 1 824 NLW MS 6 1 7-D, Tyrcyd 1 825 NLW MS 61 6-D, Tir-cyd OS 1 834, Tircyd 1 83 3PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Tyrcyd 1 875 Ystrad SF, Tir-cyd OS 1 89 1 , Tir-cyd OS 1 904, Tyrcud 1 904 J.Evans p.206 This simply means 'shared land', which refers to land held conjointly by different holdings, i.e. an appurtenant common; cf Tircyd-isa als. Falcondale (46-a), Tircyd-ucha als. Niwgat (46-a). Troed-y-rhiw(i) -(SN 464-6 1 1)(Dolgwartheg)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Troedrhiw(ii) -(SN 471 -595)(Capel Nouaddlwyd)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Troedrhiwdrych -(SN 444-598)[troed + rhiw + y r + drych] ; Troed-rhiw-drych OS 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-drych OS 1 904, Clydfan OS 1 982 Ty-cwrdd -(SN 474-595)[zy-cwrdd]; Ty Cwrdd Farm 1 845TMS This refers to Capel Nouaddlwyd (46-a). Tynporth -(SN 447-61 1 )[tyddyn + y + porth] ; Ty yn y Porth 1693rent, Porth y Vynwent 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Ty yn y Porth 1 794PR Henfynyw, Ty yn Porth 1 796PR Henfynyw, Tynyporth 1 798 in 1 968 CER vol. 6 p. 3 8, Ty'n Porth 1 799PR Henfynyw, Tynyporth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tyn-y-porth O S 1 834, Tynborth, Tyn'porth 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-porth OS 1 89 1 , Ty'nporth 1 9 1 4 Cymru vol.47 p. 1 88 Ty-Rhys -(SN 448-608)[tY + pn. Rhys] ; Ty Rhys 1 845TMS Ty'rysgol -(SN 45 1 -600)[ty + yr + ysgol]; [tir'�sk:ll E. Davies] Ysgol Neuadd Lwyd 1 875 D.J.Davies p.24, Ty'r Ysgol 1 895 Cymru vol.9 p.2 1 9, Ty'r-ysgol OS1 904, Ysgol Neuaddlwyd 1 934 D.Jenkins p. 27, Neuadd Lwyd Academy 1 940s n. c. ATL, Ty'r-ysgol OS 1 982 Thomas Phillips ( 1 772-1 842) established a school here in 1 8 1 0 for preparing Nonconformist ministers [ 1 953 BC: 7 1 7] ; op. 1 8 1 0, closed 1 840 [ 1 864 B. Williams : 30] ; "ac er bod llawer cynnyg wedi ei wneud i newid enw'r ty i Frondeg neu'r cyffelyb, erys yr hen deitl amo hyd heddyw, Ty'r Ysgol . . . " [ 1895 Cymru: 9.21 9] ; 'Hwyrach fod yr enw hwn yn adlewyrchu'r arferiad o gynnal ysgol mewn rhan o ffermdy neu adeilad cyffelyb. Sonnir am hyn, 'rywun a fyddai yn dipyn bach o scolar gymeryd ar rent am y gaeaf ryw fwthyn gwag neu ran o dai mas ryw fferm, ac i fechgyn a merched yr ardal fyned yno i ddysgu darllen ac ysgrifennu Saesneg a gwneud sums o'r Tutor bach' [ 1 939 R. Jones: 1 0] . "Pwy sy'n cofio hen Ysgolion/ Cymru Fu, mewn bythod llwydion ? - . . . 'Sgubor segur, neu hen gapel,l Ffenest' fechan bedwar cwarel;" ['Ysgolion Cymru Fu' 1 904 in 1 934 D. Jenkins: 1 0] .

geonyms Carreg Pengloyn -(SN 448-628)[carreg + tn. Pengloyn (46-b)]; Carreg Pengtoin 1 801map W.Morris 'Said to appear on equinoctial tides' [ 1 801map W. Morris] . 701

( 46) ANHUNIOG Pengloyn -(SN 448-625) [pen + ? ]; [.elpeiJ'gbjn 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p.844, pen gloin 1 948 GMG p. 1 92] Pengtoin 1 80 1 map W.Morris, Pen-y-gloyn 08 1 834, Pen-y-gloyn 08 1 891 The element gloyn is found in Cwmgloyn ( SN 1 0-39, Nevem), and Gloyn (SN 1 2-13, Narberth), both referring to streams [1992 PN Pembs: 1 37, 498) . Though the forms of the name at Cwmgloyn is principally noted with variants of gloyn, it was also noted as gloewen a few times in the sixteenth century, on the strength of which B. G. Charles [1 992: 1 37] believed they were composed of gloew + -en or -wyn. However, I believe - along with H. Owen [1 892: 1 0 1 ] - that these particular forms represent popular etymology, and the meaning must be found in the commoner form gloyn. In fact gloyn is a derivative of glo which means 'coal' in present-day Welsh, but which originally meant 'shining', from whence we get nW. gloyn byw 'butterfly', and seW. gloyn 'glow worm'. Thus glo, in its original sense, is related to gloew 'shining', so obviously so that the plural of .elglom 'glow worm' in Nantgarw (Glams.) is .elglow:>d [1993 1N: 2.405], and SWDP recorded glowm 'glow-worm' at Llangynog (Carms.). The meaning of the Pembrokeshire hns. Gloyn, thus appears to be 'shining one', and are to be compared to the Cardiganshire hns. Gloewon, and Gloewnant. The tn. Pengloyn (46-a) is the name of a protruding cliff-face, perhaps gloyn 'shining one' applied to it, and the nearby waterfalL or perhaps the name refers to the small stream that becomes the waterfall. One should note that the cliff-face is a suspiciously similar in both site and sound to Traethpenloyn (5-b) . Though not apparently attested in any other source - but bearing in mind the location of Pengloyn - the noun gloin meaning 'low-lying land in a sheltered place' (Cwmgwaun, Pembs.) [1910 w. M. Morris: 144] is worthy of serious consideration as an explanation, if we retain the meaning 'ledge'. Pont Siolop -(SN 476-597)[pont + ? ]; [p:>ntj':>bp J. Pugh] Lleithliw Bridge OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pont Lleithliw OOS 1 8 1 9, Pont Sholop OS 1 891 The meaning o f Siolop is obscure to me, though it appears to b e a loan from English, cf .elSk:>l:>p � E. scallop, which also referred to a n ornamental edging on clothes similar to the that of the shell of the mollusc [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 484] . There was a similar place-name in Pembrokeshire: Sholgop 1 81 3 , Shola 1 825, Shol 1 837 (unloc., Llanf:thangel Penbedw) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 383] .

702

(47) ANHUNIOG LLANBADARN TREFEGLWYS

Abertrinant -(SN 5 1 9-635)[aber + tri + nant] ; [ab�r'tr�nant C. Jones, r:ls'vrla L. Edwards] Abertrinant 1 81 1 PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Abertrynant 1 843TMS, Aber-trinant OS1891, Rose Villa OS 1 904 Abertrinant-ucha -(SN 540-646)[aber + tri + nant (+ uchaf)]; [glan'dems L. Evans] Aber-trinant-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Glandenys OS 1 982 The -ucha is in opposition to Abertrinant (48-a), and not Abertrinant in the same parish. Ardwyn -(SN 5 1 2-629)[ar- + twyn] ; Ardwyn OS1 982 Asia Minor -(SN 573-638)[E.tn. Asia Minor]; Asia Minor O S 1 891 Awelon -(SN 541 -644)[awelon] ; Awelon O S 19 82 Bane -(SN 53 7-643)[banc]; [baiJk Gr. Davies] Bank 1 83 9TMS, Bane OS 1 89 1 , Bane Farm OS1 982 Banceithin -(SN 571 -621 )[banc + eithin] ; Bank Eithin 1 81 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Banc-eithin OS 1 89 1 See Aberdouddwr (41-a). Bath -(SN 539-645)[E.tn. Bath] ; Path Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Bath House OS1 904, Bath Villa OS 1 982 The 1 89 1 form may be indicative of a Welsh tendency to provect initial English . Berthlwyd -(SN 53 8-636)[y + perth + llwyd]; Tyr y Berth Llwyd 1 740 MRichardson MS 2,722, Perth-lwyd 1 793sur map, Berthlwyd 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ber[ ] Llwyd OOS 1 8 1 9, Berth 1 829PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Berth Llwyd OS 1 834, Berth-lWy-d OS 1 89 1 See Tyn-y-berth (47-a). BETHANIA -(SN 574-634)[tn. [Capel] Bethania (47-a)] ; [be'8anja Gr. Davies, D. Williams] Mynydd 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Mynydd { bach added later} 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Y Mynydd 1 82 1PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bethania OS 1 891 As with Trefentr (53-a) the grouping o f houses here tended to b e known by the simple descriptive mynydd, as it was situated on Mynydd-bach. Blac-leion -(SN 5 1 3-633)[E. black + lion]; [blak'lej:ln, Ilwen (adj.) Gr. Davies] Eryl + Ilwen (adj.) (sign) Blaencledan -(SN 578-642)[blaen + hn. Cledan]; Blaen-cledan OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-clydan OS 1 904 See sub Nant-y-gath-isa (47-a). Blaencwm-Mynach -(SN 5 1 3-633)[blaen + cwm + hn. Mynach] ; [blajn'kum L. Edwards] Blaen Cwm Mynach 1 837PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys Near Efail (47-a). Blaenllan -(SN 508-632)[blaen + y + llan] ; [bla:n'ian Gr. Davies, bla·n'ian L. Edwards] Blaen-llan OS1 891 Blaenpant -(SN 5 1 4-637)[blaen + y + pant]; [bla:m'pant Gr. Davies, bla·n'pant L. Edwards] Blaen Pant 1 81 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaenpant 1 839TMS, Blaen-pant OS 1 891 Blaenrhos -(SN 573-635)[blaen + y + rhos] ; Glanrhos 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaen y Rhos 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaen yr Rhos 1 839TMS, Blaen-rhos-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-rhos OS1 904 Blaenwaun -(SN 5 55-61 8)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Ty-dwl O S 1 834, Blaen y Waun 1 839TMS, Ty Dwl 1 875PR Cilcennin, Ty-dwl O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-waun OS 1 904, Tydwl 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 42 Cf Gwaiffordd (58-a). Bont -(SN 543-63 l ) [y + pont] ; Bont 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bont 1 904 J.Evans p. l 83 Bont-fach -(SN 542-630)[y + pont (+ bach)]; 703

(47) ANHUNIOG Bontfach 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 83 Bronwennau -(SN 550-624)[bron + ? ]; [br=>n'wene A Davies] Branwenun 1 1 84(1285) cart. Ystradfflur, Bran Wenneu 1 202(1 336) cart. Ystradffur, Branwenheu >1246( 1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Browennev >1 282(1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Bruweno 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p.272, Y Bron Voen 1 577rent £ 30, Bronwenne 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Bronwenny 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Brynwenne 1 720PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Bronwaine 1 767 Crosswood MSS, Bron Wenau OOS 1 8 1 9, Bronwenne 1 826PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Bron-wenau OS1 834, Bronwenny 1 839TMS, Fwnennau 1 863 Crosswood Add MSS, Bron-wenau OS1 89 1 , Bronwennau 0Sc. 1 95 0 This name contains an obscure element -wennau which seems t o b e present in Lledwennau (61-a) and perhaps Cilwennau (21-a). Lledwennau is pronounced led';me, led'wene, iid'wene, and a form of 1 291 is written Ledwennen. Cilwennau is pronounced krl'wene, gd'wene and is found as Killwene vach in 1 697, and Killwenne vach in 171 8. The pronunciations of these various places (as well as many of the spellings) are enough to lead to our only secure conclusion on this obscure element - that it demands a literary Welsh form -wennau containing a double . The term gwennau could be a plural - unattested - of gwent, but the meaning of gwent is rather obscure. I. Williams [ 1 945: 42] made a case for it meaning 'field'; Caerwent (latinised Britt. Uenta Silurom) , was one of three places named Uenta in Roman Britain, and A L. F. Rivet & C. Smith [ 1 979: 492] give the meaning as 'market', presumably derived from a primitive sense 'field'. However, in the Cardiganshire place-names above, the sense 'fields' is too vague an element to be demonstrated by the locations. Another interpretation of -wennau, richer in possibilities, is that it is a case of the grapheme found as as is sometimes the case in Welsh toponymy. In this eventuality -wennau could be for -wynnau, which could mean: 1 ) gwynnau 'winds' (an archaic plural): Bronwennau 'breast of the winds', Lledwennau 'partial/moderate/poor winds', Cilwennau 'out of the winds' (for an old name with gwynt, cf Gwrthwyn t, 42-a) ; or 2) pn. * Gwynnau (� gwyn + -au, or *gnau - variant of gno) which would not suit Lledwennau for the sense, nor Cilwennau (because of its incidence). The name * Gwynnau is the probable explanation of the MW. pn. Guineu Deuvreudwyt [ 1 200% Mostyn MS 1 1 7 in 1 966 P. c. Bartrum: 39] , Gwineu Deu Vreudwyt [ 1 20()314 ByS: 59], which has been reanalysed as gwinau 'light brown' as the orthography of Old Welsh * Guinou would have been ambiguous. The hn. Gwnna (Caerns.), for which J. Lloyd-Jones [ 1 928: 56] unconvincingly hazarded gwynnaf 'whitest', might also be derived from *Gwynnau. The appearance of one medieval form with - Branwenheu > 1 246( 1 3 36) - add weight to the etymologies with gwent, gwynt, and of these I prefer the explanation with gwynt. For a similar looking element, see Blaenwennen (3-a). Brynarian -(SN 540-644)[bryn + yr + arian]; Bryn-arian OS 1 904 Brynbeddau -(SN 584-641 )[bryn + y + beddau] ; [brm'be(k J. R Rees] Bryn-beddau OS1 891 Cf Pant-y-beddau (48-a). Bryncerni -(SN 542-633)[bryn + y + cerni]; [br;}IJ'kerni Gr. Davies, brDJ'kerni A Davies, brm'kerni D. W. Jones] Bryn y Cerni 1 765PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bry-y-cemi 1 793sur map, Bryn Cerny 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn y Cernydd 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn Carnau OOS 1 8 1 9, Bryn-carnau OS 1 834, Brynycerne, Bryn y Ceirne 1 839TMS, Bryn-carnau OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-carnau OS1 904, Bryncerni OS1 982 The simplest explanation of this place-name is that cerni is a variant of the plural carnau, however see sub Moelcerny (74-a). Bryncethin -(SN 5 1 9-641)[bryn + cethin]; [brJ.U'keem Gr. Davies] Bryn-cae-eithin OS1 89 1 , Bryn Cethin OS 1 982 Bryncoch -(SN 522-637)[bryn + coch]; [briiJ'ko:z Gr. Davies] Bryn Coch 1 633rent f 1 , Y Bryn Coch 1 71 4 Mynachdy MSS, Penbryncoch 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn-coch OS 1 89 1 , Bryncoch (Ty-coch land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Brynmaen-mawr -(SN 535-623)[bryn + y + maen (+ mawr)] ; [br;}ma:n'vowr Gr. Davies] Brin y Maen 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Brynymane 1720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn y Maen 1 760CF, Brynm§n 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn y Naen 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bryn Ma[ ] 008 1 8 1 9, Bryn-'maen OS 1 834, Brynmaen 1 835PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Brynmaen 1 839TMS, Bryn­ maen-mawr OS 1 891 704

(47) ANHUNIOG The -fawr is in opposition to Brynmaen-fach (43-a). Brynmelyn -(SN 5 83-637)[bryn + melyn]; Bryn-melyn OS1 891 Brynteg -(SN 53 8-644)[bryn + teg] ; Brynteg OS 1 982 Brynwichell-fach -(SN 566-642) [bryn + y + gwichell (+ bach)]; Brynwichell fach 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-wichell-ffich OS 1 891, Brynwichellfach 1 904 J.Evans p.372, Brodawel OS 1 982 Brynwichell-fawr -(SN 564-642)[bryn + y + gwichell (+ mawr)] ; [bran'wix_cl A Davies, vran'wizcl Gr. Davies] Bryn y Wichell 1 760CF, Bryn y Wichell 1 803map J. Singer, Brynwychell 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Bryn y Wychell 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Bryn Wichell OS 1 82 1 , Bryn-wychell O S 1 83 4, Bryn-hwychell 1 837PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Bryn-wichell OS 1 89 1 , Brynwichellfawr 1 904 J.Evans p. 372, Brynwichell 1 984 J.RRees p. 1 01 Cf Brynwichel/ (39-a). Brynrwyn -(SN 5 1 7-638)[bryn + yr + Wyn_] ; [brma'rojn L. Evans] Tyr Brin yr Erin ?? 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Bryn Wyn 1 839TMS, Bryn-yr-"Wyn OS1 891 In ruins [os 1 904 ] . Brysig-bach -(SN 5 1 0-636) [aber + hn. Ysig (+ bach)] ; [brasig'ba:z Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] (c) Bryssig bach 1 749/50 Mynachdy MSS, Brissig bach 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Brissig-bach OS 1 834, Brysig-bach OS 1 891 Brysig-mawr -(SN 5 1 2-641 )[aber + hn. Ysig (+ mawr)] ; [bras1g'mowr Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Tythyn Aberissig (al. loc.) 1 628 CD 34, Breissig 1 700/0 1 Hendrefelen MSS, Prigssig, Bryssig 1 746PR Cilcennin, Bryssig 1 749/50 Mynachdy MSS, Bryssig 1 778PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Brissig mawr OOS 1 81 9, Brossig mawr 1 824 Mynachdy MSS, Brissig mawr 1 825PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Brissig mawr O S 1 834, Brysig mawr 1 839TMS, Brysig-mawr OS 1 89 1 This name appears t o represent Aberysig, but is situated at the headwaters o f the river Ysig, and over 2km from its outlet into the sea. However, the earliest document above [1 628 CD 34] puts Brysig in Llanddewi Aberarth (rather than in Llanbadam Trefeglwys) which would mean that the toponym has changed location since it was first given; c£ Borthun (48-a), which was originally in Llanddewi Aberarth parish, at the outlet of the river Ysig. It is, however, odd that there are no fuller forms of the name after the seventeenth century, especially as the river Ysig seems to have been weel-known, c£ Glanysig (48-a). Bwlchdwr -(SN 567-627)[bwlch + y + d\Vr] ; Bwlchydwr 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bwlch-dWt- OS1 891 I believe this name corresponds to northern Welsh.fflodiard 'floodgate', and is connected to the drainage channels which were dug to improve the land; cf Cae-gored (47-a); Bwlch(-y-)dWr (21-a, 22-a, 43-a); Llidiard-dWr (48-a; 71-a). Bwlch-y-mynydd -(SN 567-638) [bwlch + y + mynydd] ; [bolza'mam� J. R. Rees] Bwlch y Mynydd 1 83 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bwlch y Mynydd 1 83 9TMS, Bwlch-fynydd OS 1 891 The mountain gate stood here; cf Bwlchrhacs (47-a). Bwlchrhacs -(SN 568-638)[bwlch + rhacs]; [bolz'hraks J. R Rees] Bwlch OS1 89 1 , Bwlch OS 1 904, Gwynfa OS1 982 In this name the word rhacs (+- E. rags) may mean 'poor, trashy (people)', which is consonant with the poverty of the people who were forced by circumstances to colonise Mynydd-bach in the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that this meaning was alive in people's minds, making it unsurprising that it did not fmd its way on to the OS maps. However, as rhacs often means 'broken, not in working order' it is feasible that rhacs refers to the state of the mountain gate that stood here (cf the name of the adjoining house, Bwlch-y-mynydd, 47-a) , for after 1 81 6 the mountain boundary ceased to have any legal status, and any gates that existed before then might have been left to deteriorate; cf. Cnwc (47-a). A depreciative signification is likely to be found in the similar E.tn. Castlerag (Hayscastle) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 213] . Cae-cender -(SN 5 1 3-637)[cae + cefnder] ; [ka: 'kender Gr. Davies, ka·'kender, now g wenvr:l L. Edwards] Cae Kender 1 760CF, Caecefnder 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Aberystwith als. Caecefnder 1 825PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Cae Cender 1 83 7PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Cae Cefnder 1 839TMS, Cae­ cefnder OS 1 891 , Caefnder als. Caecefnder >1 895rent, Cae-cefnder OS1 904, Gwelfro OS1 982

705

(47) ANHUNIOG The reduction of the cluster [ vn] to [ n] before a consonant is general in southern Welsh, cf cefnfor kenv:>r (Cards.) [inf]; cefnlloer �keni:>r (Cei-newydd) [ 1934a J. J. GL Davies: 3 19] ; dyfnder donder (sCards.) [inf. ] . Toponyms with cefn in inverted constructions often show this feature, cf Cenfaes (36-a), Genros (SS 63-95, Swansea, Glams.), Pengenffordd (SO 1 7-30, Talgarth, Brees.). The development is different in the cases of Ceincoed (20-a), Dynfant (41-a). Cae-gored -(SN 560-628)[cae + yr + cored] ; Cae Pen y Gored 1 839TMS, Cae-gored O S 1 891 This may refer to a weir for catching fish, or to control water; cf BwlchdWr (47-a). Capel Bethania -(SN 572-630)[capel + Bibl.tn. Bethania]; Capel O S 1 834, Bethania 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Capel Bethania (Prim. Meth.) O S 1 89 1 , i'r Ty Cwrdd 1 979 J.RRees p. l 3 b. 1 809 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 526; 1 987 B . J. Rawlins: 78] ; b. 1 832, 1 873 [ 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 78] ; denom. CM The name probably arose when the chapel at Bethania was built in 1 832, the name Bethania itself was a Biblical allusion to the mountain, alluding to Mynydd-bach where the village of Bethania had been developing. Capel Pennant -(SN 5 1 2-630)[capel + tn. Pennant (47-a)] ; Pen y Pont als. Penornant 1 577rent £ 3 1 , Pen y Bont 1 63 3rent £ 3 Penybont 1 767rent p.24 1 , Penybont Penant 1 8 1 9PR Aberarth, Pen y Bont 1 829PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Meth. Chap. (Calv.) OS 1 89 1 , Pennant c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 277, Chap. OS 1 904 i) b. 1 744-47 [1 973 WFM MS 1 969; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 78] ; b. 1 760 [ 1851Rel cens . : 526] . ii) b. 1 793 bet old chapel and river, reb. 1 832 [ 1973 WFM MS 1 969; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 78]. denom. CM. As this chapel lies between Penbont-fach (47-a) and the river, the rebuilding of 1 832 is likely to have destroyed the old dwelling of Penbont. Capel Pontsaeson -(SN 543-63 1 )[ capel + tn. Pontsaeson (47-a)] ; Meth. Chap. (Calv.) OS 1 89 1 , Addoldy'r Bont 1 897 T.Evans p. 73, Pontsaeson c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.277, Capel OS1 982 b. 1 824 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 527]; b. 1 820 as schoolhouse, b. 1 842 as chapel [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 78], denom. CM Cefngwrthafarn-isa -(SN 5 1 9-632)[cefn + pn. Gwrthafar +-n (+ isaf)]; [keveugor,eavarn'Isa Gr. Davies, kevengur'Savarn'iJa L. Edwards] Keven Garth issa 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones (1 955) p. 92, Gwrthavarne 1 680 Crosswood MS S , Keven Gwrthafal issa 1 690rent f 1 4, Kevengwthafarn issa 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cefengwrthavarnissa als. (sic) Tyr Llwyd 1 749/50 DDE MSS, Cefn Gwrthafarn isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefngwarthafon 1 839TMS, Cefn-wrth-tafarn-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-gwrthafarn-isaf OS 1 904 Cefngwrthafarn-ucha -(SN 526-636) [cefn + pn Gwrthafar + -n (+ uchat)]; [kevengor,eavarn'�za A Davies, keveugur,eavarn'�za Gr. Davies] Keven, Guarthavarch 1 202( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradffiur, Keven Guardhauarch > 1 246( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradffiur, Kenen, Guarth, Anarth >1 282(1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Tiddin Gwerthauar 1 577rent £ 29, Tir Keven Gwrthafar 1 63 3rent f 1 , Keven Gwerth Havarn 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Keven Gwrthavarne, Gwrthavarne ganol (prox.) 1 680 Crosswood MS S, Keven Gwrthafal ycha 1 690rent f 1 4, Gwrthaw Ar ycha 1 71 4 Mynachdy MSS, Ceven Gwrthavan 1 7 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cefengwthafarn ycha 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Glorthawarycha 1 722 Mynachdy MSS, Keven Gwrthafarn 1 760CF, Gwertha Farn, Ceven Gwertha Farn 1 768rent Crosswood, Ceven Gwrthafarn 1 798 Mynachdy MSS, Keven Gwrthavan 1 81 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cefn Gwrthaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefn Gwrthaf OS1 834, Cefn Gwarthafan uchaf 1 839TMS, Cefn-wrth-tafarn-uchaf 0S l 8 9 1 , Cefn-gwrthafarn-uchaf O S 1 904 This name contains an OW.pn. Gurthauar [c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 56], Guorhauam [c. l 1 40 LL: 191] , an abbot of Llantwit Major (Glams.) about the year 700AD [ 1 979 w. Davies: 1 01--02, 1 1 3], though he is noted Gurhaual in some five different instances. Since MnW. *Gwrafal (+- g-Wr + hafal, B.tn. Koadgouraval (Glomel, C6tes­ d'Annor)) is a distinct name from MnW. Gwrthafar, with no possibility of the evolution of one to the other, I suggest that somewhere along the line of copying and transmitting the texts of LL the name Gwrthafar was wrongly inserted twice instead of Gwrhafal, abbot of Llantwit Major. However the name Gwrthafar does seem to have an existence independent of this blunder, and is found for other personages in LL, e.g. Gurhauar, Gurgauam [(c620)c. 1 140 LL: 164] ; Gurgauam [(c.775)c. 1 140 LL: 207, 212]. One other - Gurgauam [(c.700)c. l 140 LL: 1 78, 1 84] - may be specially relevant as he was contemporary with Gwrhafal abbot of Llantwit Major. I cannot satisfactorily account for the majority of variants found in LL (e.g. Gurhauar, Guorhauam, Gurgauam), but the variant Gurthauar seems vindicated, as this is precisely the form 706

(4 7) ANHUNIOG Ce.fngwrthafarn. Because it has not been evident that Gurthauar was anything Gwrthafar has been somewhat neglected. The particular problems facing an etymology of an analysis of the name are: 1 ) medial ; 2) the medial forms in LL (which I suspect to be a possible cacography of for ); 3) the final of the medieval forms of Cefngwrthajam. The epithetic is easily explainable in terms of the development of early Modern Welsh, and are probably accounted for in much the same way with the forms Guorhauam, Gurgauam. An analysis of the name has two main possibilities : 1) gwr- (OW. guor-) + * tafar (cf pn. Gwrtheym � gwr- + teyrn), though a Welsh element similar to * tafar is unknown to me; 2) gwrth + afar. The meaning of gwrth- usually carrying a negative effect, as in, gwrtharab 'uncivil', gwrthbwyll 'obstinacy', gwrtheb 'answer', gwrthnaws 'antipathy', or a strengthening effect for a mood that can be considered negative, as in, gwrthgas 'hostile', gwrthgroch 'vociferous, fierce'), is added to ajar 'sorrow', cf MI. amor [GPC s.v. afar] . The second etymology seems more likely to me, though the burden of 'sorrow', in a Brittonic personal-name, seems rather negative. The term afar is present in the common­ noun afanvy 'sorrows; sword-hilt' which gave the Welsh translators the name Auan.y [ 1 200\12 Brut Dingestow: 44] for Androgens in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum [ 1 978a R Bromwich: 269-70], and is unlikely

present in the place-name

more than a scribal slip, the name

to have been a personal-name, however, it might be contained in the presumed Breton personal-name

*Kadavam present in Kergadavarn (Plouguemeau, Finistere). Cefngwyn -(SN 533 -639) [cefn + gwyn] ; [keven'gwm A Davies] Cefn Gwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Cefngwyn 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cefn-gwyn OS 1 834, Cefn-gwyn OS 1 89 1

(47-a). [knuk�'hraks ? E.

This adjoins Rhiw-wen

Cnwc

-(SN 569-637)[cnwc] ;

Howells]

Pen-cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 891 , Cnwc OS 1 904 Cf Bwlchrhacs (47-a). Cnwc-y-fedwen -(SN 569-637) [cnwc + y + bedwen] ; [knoka'vedwen

J. R Rees]

Cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc y Fedwin, Cnwc y Ffedwin 1 839TMS, Cnwc y Fedwen OS 1 982

CNWCYNDUOER -(SN

539-643)[cnycyn + duoer ? ] ;

[knokm'dbr, knokm'dbjr A

Davies]

Knwckyn 1 746 Mynachdy MSS, Cnwc Dil Oer 1 793sur map, Cnwckyn-aur 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcinduore 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Cnwcyn Aur OOS 1 8 1 9, Cnwckyn Aur 1 823PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwccyn-aur 1 829PR Llansantfred, Cnwcyn D'oer OS 1 834, Cnwcyndaur 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcyndaur 1 83 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcyndaur 1 83 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcyndaur 1 83 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcyndair 1 839PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwc yr Aur, Cnwc yn Oer 1 83 9TMS, Cnwcyndyaer 1 840PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cnwcinduaur O S 1 904, Cnwcinduaur 1 904 J. Evans p. 1 75

cymdogaeth 'neighbourhood'. The documentary forms of the name show a mixed Cnwcyndiour 1 793, Cnwcynour 1 8 1 6, Cnwcyndour 1 83 4. In view of the present pronunciation, we can ignore Cnwcynour as a guess-etymology. We are left with two main forms: 1 ) Cnwcyn D 'oer 1 83 4, Cnwcyndaur 1 83 6-39, Cnwcyndair 1 839. 2) Cnwc Du Oer 1 793, Cnwcinduore 1 8 1 6, Cnwcyndyaer 1 840, Cnwcinduaur 1 904. This is the name of a

development, varying between

In the first set the forms - especially that of 1 83 4 - seem to be a derived by a rnispelling, though they appear too common for this to be the case, and do not seem to allude to any commonly known word (unless it is

dyhir

'tedious' under its local form

deir

[GPC

s.v. deir,

dihir]). The reason for the existence of

this set of forms is unexplainable to me. The second set of forms has the merit of including the oldest

It seems to have been variously explained as di-oer or dioer 'warm', duoer 'black-cold', *di-aur 'without-gold', *du-aur 'black gold' (there was also a dioer which meant 'certain' in Middle Welsh). We will disregard the components containing aur (locally our) as they are unattested in Welsh, which lets us concentrate on the forms of 1 793 and 1 8 1 6 which seem to show oer 'cold' as the second component. The word oer in this area should have a pronunciation :>er :>Ir :>·jr so that it could have been identical to the pronunciation of aur as :>jr. Knowing this we will suggest that forms with aur 'gold' replaced those with oer 'cold' due to a popular guess-etymology during the nineteenth century. The pronunciation knokmldbr with fmal [ -:>r] seems a better reflection of the expected realisation of a fmal non-stressed syllable than knokm'dbjr with [-:>jr], this latter pronunciation may reflect an etymology felt to contain the word aur, as the nineteenth-century spellings clearly indicate, cf Oernant (21-a). Having weeded the various forms somewhat we are left with the attestation, and being reflected in the present pronunciation.

�

�

707

(47) ANHUNIOG phonetically indistinguishable

di-oer/dioer 'warm' and duoer 'black cold' whose meanings are diametrically

opposed. If I had to choose between the two, I would plump for duoer which most closely resembles the written early forms

du oer 1 793

and

-duore

1 8 1 6. However the meaning 'black-cold knolr (the 'black' not

referring to the colour of the 'knoll', but to the 'co ld') does not seem conclusive to me. There remains the possibility that

diaur (part of the verb talm o 'r tylwyth a'm diaur 'a portion of the kin will exculpate me'; mil gyda mi a 'i diaur 'a thousand alongside me me will exculpate her' [GPC s.v. diheuraf] , and note especially the Cardiganshire Welsh dior 'to prevent, to impede, to hinder' (lit. W. deor) [GPC s.v. dehoraf] , which would - phonetically speaking - mean that only the pronunciation knukm'di:>r could be considered correct. Whatever the etymology contained in this name proves to be, it is assuredly an

diheuro

duoer masks

an original element, which has been forgotten, e.g.

'to exculpate, to propitiate'), in the phrases,

element that is one of its kind in Cardiganshire toponymy, and it always proves more difficult to be assured of the meanings of elements attested only once.

Coc-yr-awyr -(SN 5 8 1 -63 9)[coc + yr + awyr] ;

[people say k:>kled3 A

Tynrawyr (51-a).

Davies, J. R. Rees]

Colledge 1 823PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, College OS 1 89 1

Corsddalfa -(SN 554-629)[cors + y + dalfa] ; [g:>rs'dalva C.

Jones]

Corse y Ddalva als. Tir Henry ar Tir y Mynydd 1 680 Crosswood MS S, Cors y Ddalfa 1 690rent

f. 1 4,

Corsdalfa 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tyr Corse y Ddalva 1 745/50 Mynachdy MS S, Cors y Ddalva 1 760CF, Gors Talfan 1 803map J. Singer, Corsdalva 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cors Dalfa OOS 1 8 1 9, Gors-dalfa OS 1 834, Gorse Dalfa 1 83 9TMS, Gors-ddalfa OS 1 89 1 The dalfa referred t o was used t o trap deer driven here from Jopa Croesty -(SN 522-63 5)[croesty]; [kr:>sdi L. Edwards, kr:>jsti Gr. Davies]

[inf

c. Jones] .

Corsdu bach 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Croesdy bach 1 779PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Crosty bach 1 8 1 6Encl map Anhuniog, Crosty bach 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Croesty bach, Cross Tree bach 1 83 9TMS, Croesty OS 1 89 1 , Croesdy O S 1 904 The earlier form is a bit worrying, but du is always lenited to

ddu following cors, the word croesdy refers

to a religious site, probably a chapel to the monks of Y stradfflur who possessed the grange of Anhuniog and Morfa-mawr; cf.

Croesty (SH 97-00, Carno, Monts.), probably on land of Ystradmarchell monastery; Croesdy (Llan-i-waered, Llangurig, Monts.) ( 1875 E. Hamer & W. Lloyd: 1 32] ; Y Croesdy (Aberdar, Glams.) [ 1 933 R. J. Thomas: 1 8] ; cf. B.tn. Ar Hroesti (F. Le Croisty, Morbihan). It must refer to the same religious site alluded to by the name Llwyn-y-betws, as Frongou (47-a), which lies only 400m to the SE of Croesty, is found associated with - and even made an alias of- Llwyn-y-betws: Lloin y Bettus [ 1 577rent f30 ] ; Tyer Jevan Dd. Llelln. als. Lloin Bettus [ 1603-25 T. I. J. Jones (1955): 98] ; Lloyne y Bettus als. Tyr Kame y Llyan [ 1 603-25 T. I. J. Jones ( l 955): 100] ; Llowyne y Bettus [ 1603-25 T. I. J. Jones ( l955): 92] ; Llan Bettus y Ffron Gough [ 1 603-25 T. I. J. Jones (1 955): 98] ; Vrongoy als. Bettus [ 1632 Crosswood MSS] ; Tir Lloyn y [ ]ert[ ] als. y Vron Goy [ 1 633rent f l ] ; Y Vron Goy + Llwyn y Bettus 'tenements' [ 1 680 Crosswood MSS] ; for Cam-y-lleian, see sub Pantfallen (47-a). Crosshill -(SN 545-648)[E. cross + hill] ; Cross Hil1 1 83 9TMS, Crossbill OS 1 891

Cross Inn -(SN 543 -64 l )[E.

cross + inn] ;

[kr:>s'm

Gr. Davies,

tavarn,kr:>s'm D.

M Jones, D. W. Jones]

Cross Inn 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cross Inn OS 1 834, Cross Inn, Cross Inn (P.H. ) OS 1 89 1 , Rhos yr Hafod (sign)

Crosswinter -(SN

566-6 1 9)[E. cross + E. sn. Winter ? ] ;

[kr:>s'wmter Gr.

Cross Winter 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys,

Davies]

Croes Winter OOS 1 8 1 9, Croes Winter OS 1 834,

Corswinter 1 83 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cross-winter 1 83 9TMS, Croes-winter O S 1 89 1 , Cross­ winter O S 1 904, Croes Wyntoedd OS 1 982 My best guess is that this represent's an English surname

Winter [ 1 976 DES s.v. Winter] , though English in Cardiganshire toponymy, cf. Alltblaca (15-a) . The genealogy of the Carmarthenshire family [ c. l693 RepWMSS: 1 .2.736 ] notes: "Walter Winter came to Llangaing with Roger de

surnames are rare Rhyd-y-gors

Belesmo Earl of Montgomery in r fourth year of W. Rufus, and in 1 3 52-53 a David Wynter is attested II

708

(4 7) ANHUNIOG in Emlyn, and a Philippi Wynter, as itinerant bailiff of Carmarthenshire that the surname

Winter

[1 939 BBCS: 10.70, 73] .

This shows

had been known in south-western Wales in medieval times, though the

Croeswinter in 1 720 does seem rather tenuous. The Croeswinter (22-a) in Llannarth parish may have been named after this one. There is another E. sn. Winder [1 976 DES s.v. Winder], or an unattested borrowing of E. winder which may have given the Welsh toponyms, Tyle-winder (ST 04-88), Rhiwinder-fawr (ST 02-87, Ton-yr-efail, Glams.). A faint possibility is the word *chwinten 'quintain', if such a form can be countenanced (cf sW. cwinten, and nW. chwintan). Crosswinter-fach -(SN 569-6 1 6) [E. cross + E . sn Winter ? (+ bach)]; connection between the medieval persons and this

other

Crosswinter vach 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Croes-winter- rach OS 1 89 1

Crug-gam

-(SN 5 1 5 -6 13) [crug + y + cam] ;

[gri'garn

Gr. Davies, L. Edwards,

krig'arn J .

Jones]

Craig y Gam 1 577rent £ 28, Crig y Garn 1 577rent £ 5 3, Tir Kryg y Gam 1 633rent £ 3, Vryg y Gam 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Cryg y Garn 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Grygarne 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Crig y Game 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Cryg Cam 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Crug Gam OOS 1 8 1 9 , Crug y Gam OS 1 834, Crugarn 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Grigarn, Crig Gam 1 83 9TMS, Crug-garn O S 1 891

Crugiau-bychain

-(SN 505-62 1 ) [crugiau + bychain] ;

Craig y Peball ? 1 5 77rent £ 28, Crig y Pebill ? 1 577rent £ 53, Tir Krygg y Pebyll ? 1 63 3rent £ 1 , Llwyn Herber als. Krig y bichan 1 65 1 Crosswood MSS , Kriggie bychen 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Crigie 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Crygiau 1 826PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Crigie 1 83 8PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys,

(c243) (c) Cae Crigiau (Mynachdy land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Pulled down in the last few years [1 907 J. Evans: 51 ] ; cf Blaen y Crygiau [1 833PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys] ; (c241 ) Blaen Crigi [1 8391MS]; see sub Mynachdy-mawr (47-a). Crigiau 1 83 9TMS, Y Crugiau 1 907 J.Evans p. 5 1 ,

Cwm -(SN

569-6 1 4) [cwm] ;

Cwm y Llech Clawdd ?? 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Cwm OS 1 89 1 , Cwm 0Sc. 1 950, Sheep Dip OS 1 982

Cwm-bach -(SN

545 -63 0)[ cwm + bach] ;

[kum'ba:x A

Davies]

Cwm bach 1 760CF, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 , Cwmbach 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 83

Cymanfynydd

-(SN 566-61 0)[cyman + mynydd] ;

Kymau Vinyd > 1 246(1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Kernan Vynnyd > 1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Y Kyman Vynythe 1 579 Crosswood MSS, Kyman Vynydd 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Y Chayman Vynyth 1 594 Crosswood MSS, Tir Kyman Vynydd 1 633rent f. 1 , Tyr Sir Rees Ynghyman Vynyth 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MS S, Cwm Nantfynydd 1 648 Llanll)'r MSS , Kwmman Vynidd 1 648 Llanll)'r MSS , Cumanvinidh 1 656 Llanllyr MS S, Kyman Pryssydd (sic) 1 690rent

f 1 6, Danian Veynith 1 68 5 CD 75, Commonfynydd

1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cwm Ann Vunith als. Cwm In Vunith 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Cwm Ann Vinith als. Cwm In Vinith 1 753 Peterwell MS

44,

Common Fynydd OOS 1 8 1 9, Common Mynydd

1 820PR Llangeitho, Common-fynydd OS 1 834, Common Fynydd uchaf 1 839TMS, Common-fynydd OS 1 89 1 , Comonfynydd 1 959 B.A.Jones p. 29

[s.v. cwman, cyman] differentiates the terms cwman 'hump' and cyman cwman of cwm + -an would be expected to regularly give cyman, which we must postulate as the original of cwman, though it 1s found as kwmman as early as the fourteenth century [GPC s.v. cwman] . The name might feasibly mean 'the mountain of the assembly', cf Cwmandy (25-a) - possibly because it was on the boundary between Anhuniog and Pennardd commotes, cf. Rhyd-y-groes (41-a), l km to the s; cf. Eisteddfa (17-a). However, I prefer a topographical meaning of cwman as in kuman � m�m6 'a gap in the mountain', or kuman 'groin' (Nantgarw, Glams.) [1 993 1N: 2.230] . By the early eighteenth century the obsolete element cyman cwman had been understood as the E . word common. Though it needs emphasising that E . common has given rise t o two distinct words in Welsh: 1 ) with the pronunciation comon is restricted to mean 'vulgar'; 2) with the pronunciation comin(s) or cwmin(s) restricted to mean 'commonland, joint-land' . Cymanfynydd-fach -(SN 563 -6 1 4) [ cyman + mynydd (+ bach)]; In ruins

[OS1 891 ) ;

Whilst GPC

'assembly' by spelling, the etymology given to

�

Common Fynydd fach 1 760CF, Comonfynydd fach 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llethr-llwyd (sic?) O S 1 834, Common-fynydd-rach O S 1 89 1 , Common-fynydd-tach 0Sc. 1 950, Plas-y-bryniau O S 1 982, o Blasybryniau 1 984 J.RRees p. 1 70

Cymanfynydd-fawr

-(SN 5 62-61 0)[cyman + mynydd (+ mawr)] ;

Tythyn Kyman Vynydd issa 1 6 1 1 Crosswood MS S , Common Ffynydd fawr 1 839TMS, Common-fynydd­ fawr O S 1 891

709

(47) ANHUNIOG Dewi-las -(SN 544-646)[ ? ] ; [dewi'la:s, formerly man�r'ho:l W. Jones] Dewi Lass 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 73, Dewilas OS 1 982 Dolan-bach -(SN 572-632)[dolau + bach]; Dolau-bach OS 1 891 DOigwyddau -(SN 5 1 9-63 5)[dol + y + gwyddau]; [do:l'gwi(')e J. R Rees] Dole y Gwydde 1 834PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Dol-y-gwaeddi OS 1 89 1 , Dolgwyddau 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Inexistent [ os 1 904] . Dyffrynarth -(SN 541 -628)[dyffryn + hn. Arth]; [d�frm D. W. Jones] Cewyn hi Ric Esceir Saisson (sic?) 1 1 84( 1425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tir Dyffryn Arth als. Tir yr Eskeir 1 6 1 8 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Dyffryn 1 690rent f 1 6, Duffrin Arth 1 729/30 Crosswood MSS, Dyffryn 1 746PR Cilcennin, Dyffrin Arth 1 756 Crosswood MSS , Duffrin 1 760map E.Bowen, Dyffryn Arch 1 766 Crosswood MSS, Duffryn Arth 1 768rent Crosswood, Dyffryn Arth 1 778 Crosswood MSS, Dyfryn 1793 sur map, Dyffryn 1 803map J.Singer, Dyffryn OOS 1 8 1 9, Dyffryn-Arth OS1 834, Dyffryn 1 839TMS, Dyffryn-Arth OS1 891 The earliest form seems to have the elements of two neighbouring toponyrns mixed, I suggest it should have read *Ce»yn hi Esceir Ric Saisson, see Pontsaeson (47-a). Efail -(SN 5 14-633)[efail]; [revel, now k�r'trevle L. Edwards] Cartrefle (sign) Eifi-bwsh -(SN 5 1 2-63 1 ) [E. ivy + bush]; Ivy Bush ? 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Erw-ffos-isa -(SN 507-637)[erw + yr + ffos (+ isa±)]; [eru'f:ljs, eru,fo:s'isa Gr. Davies, eru,fo:s'iJa L Edwards] Errw'r Ffos 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Erw'r Ffoes 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Erwazes 1 727 CD 88, (c) Erw Ffoes 1 749/50 Mynachdy MSS, Tyr yr Hen Erw ?, Erw Ffoes 1 75 5 Coleman MS 1 45, Erw Ffos 1 833PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Erwffoes 1 837PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Erw Ffos ishaf, Erwffos 1 839TMS, Erw-ffos-isaf OS 1 891 Erw-ffos-ucha -(SN 508-637)[erw + yr + ffos (+ ucha±)]; [eru,fo:s·�xa Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Erw Ffos uchaf 1 839TMS, Erw-ffos-uchaf OS1 89 1 Felin-fach -(SN 539-630)[y + melin + bach]; Y Velyn vaugh ar Arth 1 594/95 Crosswood MS S, Tyr y Velyn vauch, Velyn vauch 1 685 CD, Vellyn vach 1 690rent f. 1 6, Mill 1 768rent Crosswood, Dyffryn Arth Mill 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Dyffryn Mill als. Velin vach 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Dyffryn Arth Mill 1 778 Crosswood MSS, Felin-ffich 1793sur map, Velin-vach 1 820PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Felin- !ach OS1 891 This formerly stood on Dyffrynarth (47-a) land [ 1 778 Crosswood MSS] . Ffarm Llanbadam -(SN 507-63 1 )[ffarm + tn. Llanbadarn (47-a)] ; [ilan'badarn Gr. Davies, farm,lan'badarn J Jones] Tyddyn y Noyadd ? 1 633 CD 37, Tyr Tythyn y Noyadd ? 1 755 Coleman MS 145, Llanbadarn als. Noyadd > 1 895rent. Llanbadarn Farm OS 1 982 Nouadd (in 1 633) was formerly in the tenure of Sir Walter Rees knt. and previously parcel of the lands of Rees Griffith attainted, chief rent payable to the Crown [ 1 633 CD 37]; see Whitehall (47-a). Ffoslogyn -(SN 545-622)[ffos + halogyn]; Tythyn Ffoes Login 1680 Crosswood MSS, Ffoes Login 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Logen 1 690rent f 14, Ffoslogyn' 1 714 Crosswood MSS, Ffoeslogyn 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ffoes Logen 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Ffoeslogin 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ffos-login OS1 891 Cf Logyn-fach (3-a). Ffynnon-newydd -(SN 537-645)[ffynnon + newydd]; [f�n:ln'n�WI5 A. Davies, f�n:ln'newi5 Gr. Davies] Ffynnon-newydd OS1 891, Ffynnon-newydd 0Sc. 1 950, Isfryn OS1 982 Ffynnonwen -(SN 555-623)[ffynnon + gwen] ; Ffynnonwen 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ffynnon-wen OS 1 834, Ty newydd 1 839TMS, Ffynnon­ wen OS 1 891, Ty-newydd OS 1 904 Frongou -(SN 526-632)[y + bron + cau]; [vr:lJJ'g:lj Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Vrongoy 1 577rent f. 30, Llan Bettus y F:fron Gough 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1955) p. 98, Vrongoy als. Bettus 1 632 Crosswood MS S, Tir Lloyn y [ ]e.tt[ ] als. y Vron Goy 1 633rent f. 1 , Y Vron Goy + Llwyn y Bettus 'tenements' 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Y Vron Goy 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Vron Goy 1 7 1 9PR 710

(47) ANHUNIOG Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Frongou 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Frongoy 1 760CF, Bron Goy OOS 1 8 1 9, Bron-goy O S 1 834, Frongoi 1 83 9TMS, Fron-goy OS 1 89 1 , Fron-gau OS. 1 904 For the onetime separate tenement Llwyn-y-betws, associated or absorbed by Frongou (but obviously still considered a separate tenement in 1 680), see sub Croesty (47-a). Garthewin -(SN 506-625)[tn. Garthewin (Denbs.)] ; Garthewyn OS 1 982 Gemant -(SN 5 1 2-632)[ger + y + nant] ; Gernant OS 1 982 Glanarthen -(SN (ii)543-641)[glan + hn. Arth + (-en)]; [glan'ar8en (sto:rz) (i) W. Jones] (c59l) Glanarthen (i) 1 83 9TMS, Smithy (ii) OS 1 89 1 , PO (ii) OS 1 982 i) SN 541 -643. ii) SN 543-641 . Though both these sites lie over 1 km from the river Arth, I believe the name Arthen is most likely to be a reference to that river than to the rare pn. Arthen (see Rhiwarthen, 63-a). The addition of the suffix -en to a river-name is also attested with the hns. Collen, Soden, Tywarchen (d). Glanrafon -(SN 584-630) [glan + yr + afon]; [glan'rav;,n J. R Rees] Glan-yr-afon OS 1 89 1 , Glamafon 1 990 E. Jones p.25 Glangors -(SN 534-640)[glan + y + cors ]; Glan Gors 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Glan y Gors OOS 1 8 1 9, Glan-y-gors OS 1 834 Glwydgoch -(SN 5 1 6-621 )[y + clwyd + coch]; [glujd'go:x J. Jones, L. Edwards, glujtgoz Gr. Davies] Pen Lon Mynachdy O S 1 834, Clwygoch 1 83 8PR Cilcennin, Llwyd Goch 1 83 9TMS, Glwydgoch 1 844PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Clwyd-goch OS 1 891 This referred to a gate that led to the common-land, as it was on the limits of the pre- 1 8 1 6 commonland, or feasibly - though I believe this to be less likely - a gate that led to Mynachdy-mawr (47-a). Gors-fach -(SN 5 1 8-638)[y + cors + bach] ; (g::>rs'va:x Gr. Davies, C. Jones] Gors-rach OS1 891 Gorsgoch -(SN 529-642)[y + cors + coch]; Gorse Goch 1 8 1 6Encl map Anhuniog, Caeglas (prox.) 1 820PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gors-goch O S 1 834, Gorse Coch, Cae Glas (prox.) 1 839TMS, Caeglas (prox. ) 1 876 John Francis MS S vol.2 p. 1 4 Gorslwyd(i) -(SN 544-645)(Cross Inn)[y + cors + llwyd] ; [g::>rs'lujd A Davies] Gorslwyd 1 822PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gorsllwyd 1 839TMS, Gors-lWyd OS 1 891 Gorslwyd(ii) -(SN 521 -6 18)(Crug-gam) [y + cors + llwyd]; [g:,rs'lujd Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Rhos Gorsllwyd ?? 1 828PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gors-lWyd OS 1 891 Gorwei -(SN 5 1 1 -629)(gorwel] ; Gorwel OS 1 982 Gosen -(SN 546-623) [Bibl.tn. Goshen] ; Goshen 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gosen 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Goshen OS 1 834, Gosen 1 839TMS, Gosen OS 1 89 1 Groesffordd -(SN 574-634)[y + croesffordd] ; [gr:,jsf:,r(), now ajl;)'brm J . A Hopkins] inf Gwarcaeau -(SN 53 8-646)[gwar + y + caeau] ; [gwar'keje Gr. Davies, L. Evans] Gwar Caue 1 839TMS, Gwar-cuar OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-caeau OS 1 904 Gwarfelin -(SN 5 1 3-63 1 ) [gwar + y + melin] ; [gwar'velm L. Edwards] inf Gwarffynnon -(SN 569-63 5)[gwar + y + ffynnon]; Gwar y Ffynnon 1 839TMS, Gwarffynnon 1 876 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p. 1 4, Gwar-ffynnon 081 891 Gwamant -(SN 567-638)[gwar + y + nant]; Gwar-nant OS 1 89 1 Gwynfryn -(SN 5 1 0-628)[gwyn + bryn] ; [gwmvrm J . Jones] Hafod-fach -(SN 546-63 8)[hafod (+ bach)]; [hav:,d'va:z A. Davies, Gr. Davies, D. W. Jones] Havod Pervedd vach 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Havod Bervedd fach 1 690rent f 1 6, Hafod fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Hafod-fach OS1 834, Hafod-rach OS1 891 Hafod-fawr -(SN 547-638)[hafod (+ mawr)] ; [hav:,d'vowr A Davies, Gr. Davies, D. W. Jones] 71 1

(47) ANHUNIOG Havod Bervedd 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Yr Havod Bervedd 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Koed yr Havod ? 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p.92, Hauod Berueth 1 685 CD, Havod Berveth 1 685 {v. L MRichards} , Havod Bervedd 1 690rent f. 1 6, Hafod Berfedd fawr 1 746PR Cilcennin, Hafod-mawr 1 793 sur map, Hafod y Berfedd 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Havod-vawr 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hafod fawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Havod fawr 1 827PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hafod-fawr OS 1 834, Hafod Berfedd 1 839TMS, Hafod-fawr OS 1 891 M Richards's supposition [ 1959: 1 5 1 6] that Hafod-beifedd represents a hafod at an altitudinal halfway stage between a hendre and hafod is probably refuted in the case of this Hafod-beifedd which can be understood as the hafod lying between Hafodhir and Hafodwnnog (48-a). Hafodhir-isa -(SN 558-621 )[hafod + hir (+ isaf)] ; 'mill called' Havod Heere 1 685 C D 75, Havod Hir 1690rent f. 1 6, Havod Hir 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS , Hafod Hir 1 803map J. Singer, Havod Hir 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hafod Hir OOS 1 81 9, Hafod­ hir O S 1 834, Hafod-hlr OS 1 891 , Hafod-hlr-isaf OS 1 904 Hafodhir-ucha -(SN 559-6 1 2)[hafod + hir (+ uchaf)] ; Hafod-hlr-uchaf OS 1904, Hafodhir OS 1 982 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [081891 ; 081 904]. Halfway -(SN 570-637)[E. half + way] ; [ha: f we: J. R Rees] Half-way 1 835PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Halfway OS 1 891 Hendraws -(SN 552-6 1 5) [hen + traws]; Hendraws 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hendraws 1 760CF, Hendraws OOS 1 8 19, Tyryrhendraws 1 820 Cymerau MSS, Hendraws OS 1 834, Hen-draws OS 1 891 The hen is in opposition to Traws-newydd (47-a); cf Hendraws (8-a). Hendre -(SN 540-642) [hendref] ; Hendre 1 780PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hendre OS 1 89 1 , Gwarffynon OS 1 904 Hendre-newydd -(SN 544-644)[hendref (+ newydd)] ; [hendre formerly, now hendre'neWI� Gr. Davies] Hendre newydd 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Hendre newydd 1 839TMS, Hendre-newydd OS 1 89 1, Hendre OS 1 982 Heulwen -(SN 534-639) [heulwen]; Haulwen OS 1 982 Lanlwyd -(SN 5 1 1 -63 1 ) [y + glan + llwyd] ; [lan'lujd Gr. Davies, J. Jones] Y Lantwyd 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Llan Llwyd 1 839TMS, Lan-lWyd OS 1 891 Llain(i) -(SN 541 -643)(Rhos Anhuniog)[llain]; Llain Llwyd 1 839TMS, Llain OS 1 891 Llain(ii) -(SN 5 1 3-633)(Pennant)[llain] ; [iajn Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] inf. Llanbadam Trefeglwys -(SN 507-63 1 )[llan + pn Padarn + tn. Trefeglwys] ; [eglus,ian'badarn J. Jones] Lanpadarn Tref Eglues 1 273 in 1 983 J.B.Smith p. 355, Trefeglos 1 284 CalChartR p. 275, Treneglys 1291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Trefgloys 1 339 in 1 889 S.W.Williams lii, Lampardre Trefegloise 1 408 CalPR p.432, Llanbadarn Trefegloys 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Tref Egloyse 1 535 VE p.396, Llanbadarn Treffeglwis 1 548 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn Treve Eglwis 1 557 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ll. Badarn c. 1 566EPC, Llanbadern, Llanbaddarn 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanbadarn Trevegloois 1 579 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn Treveglois 1 58 1 CD p. 1 8, Llanpadern Trefeglwys 1 583 F. Green MSS vol 25 n. 3 89, Ll. Badarn Drefeglwys 1 590-91EPC, Llanbadarne Trefegwys 1 600 Prob. St-David, Llanbadarn Treveglwys c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 1 , Trefeglwys 1 606 Prob. St-David, Llanbadarne Treveglouse 161 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarne Trefegloys 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn Drevegloys c. 1 621 in 1 903 WGaz. 06/08/03, Treveglwys 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 9 1 , Llanbedam Treveglois 1 633 CD 3 7, Llanbadarn Trevegloes 1 63 6 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarne Trevegloes 1 640 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn Tref Eglwis 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llanbadarne Treveglwis 1 666 Mynachdy MSS, Llanpaderne Treffegois 1 674 Price of Norton MSS, Llanbaderne and Treveglwys 1 685 CD, Llanbaderne Treveglwyes 1 685 CD 75, Llanbaderne Trefaglwys 1 696/97 Price of Norton MSS, Llanbadarne Trefeglwys 1 706 Mynachdy MS S, Llanbadarne Tref Eglws 1 7 1 4 Mynachdy MSS, Llanbadarn Treffegglwys 1 7 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llanbadarn Treffecglwys 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Treffeglos, Trefeglwys, Treveglws 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llanbadarn vach 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS , Llanbadarne Tres Eglws 1 722 Mynachdy MSS, Llanbadarn Treveglus 1 726 Crosswood MSS, Lanbadarn vach 1 727 CD p. 88, -

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7 12

(47) ANHUNIOG Llanbadarn-Treveggllwys 1 73 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llanbadarn Trevegglwys 1 745/46 Mynachdy MSS, Llanbadarnfach 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn Vach 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Llanbadern Vach 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanbadarn Tref Eglwys 1 767PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llambadarn Trefeglwys 1 789PR Llanddewi Brefi, Llanbadarne Tryfaglwys 1 792 Price of Norton MSS, Llanbadarn-dref-eglwys 1 793sur map, Llanbadarne Tyrfeglwys 1 793 Derry Ormond MSS, Llan Badarn 1 799EPC, Llanbadarn Trefeglwys 1 803map J.Singer, Llanbadarn-fach 1 8 12 NLW MS 6 1 2-B, Llanbadarn Trefeglwys OOS 1 8 1 9, Llanbadarn Farm 1 828PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llanbadarn Tref Eglwys OS1 834, Llanbadarn 1 83 9TMS, Llanbadarn-Trefeglwys, Llanbadarn-Treveglwys (Llan-badarn-tref-eglwys) 1 833 S .Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. 1 p.483, Llanbadarn Tref Eglws 1 857Encl. map Nantgwnllau, St. Padarn's Ch. (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ch OS 1 982 The name of this church probably reveals it to have been an ancient possession of Llanbadarn-fawr prior to the Anglo-French irruptions in the twelfth century. By 1 284, after Ceredigion had finally been conquered by the English Crown, there was no connection between this church and that of Llanbadam­ fawr. Llety-wennoi - (SN 5 1 8-640)[llety + yr + gwennol]; [leti'wen:ll Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Lletty'r-wennol OS 1 89 1 Lluest -(SN 5 00-636)[lluest]; [Hast, iiast'mowr on the map J . Jones} Tythyn y Llyest 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Tire y Llyest 1 600 Crosswood MSS, Llyest y Moydw 1 690rent f. 1 1 , Llyast y Moydur 1 726 Crosswood MS S, Llyest y Moidde 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Llyesty Moider 1 768rent Crosswood, Llyast y Moider 1 78 1 Crosswood MSS, Lluast 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Lluast vach (prox.) 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Lluest OOS 1 8 1 9, Lluast y Glonk ?? 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Lluest OS 1 834, Lleast 1 83 9TMS, Lluest-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Lluestmeidw 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 78, (pn.) Dafydd y Lluest 1 904 J.Evans p. l 82, Lluest y Pennant, (pn.) Dafydd Lluest 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 84, Lluest-mawr OS1 982 The equation between Lluest-y-moudwy, and this Lluest is not wholly certain, but seems likely from the form Lluestmeidw given in 1 904, the reduction of the name to Lluest, led to different qualifiers being added in the nineteenth century, viz. , , and perhaps (note that lluest would regularly demand the lenition of mawr to fawr). In 1 768 the rent of Lluest-y-moudwy was treated with that of nearby Gorswen (44-a). Note also that there was a Lluest-yr-hengell in the parish, perhaps near Gorswen: Lliest yr Hen Geven [ 1 690rent f 1 1 ], Llyast yr Hengell [ 1 768rent Crosswood]; cf. (c) Cae Lluest (Wernddu, 47-a) [1 973 WFM MS 1 969]. The form of 1 81 9 above, if not another qualifier to this place may refer to the Lliest y Cwm (1690rent f 1 1 ], as it reminds one of an inhabitation called Castell-y-glonc which I have presumed lay between Pennant and Aberarth, cf. Cwmcastell (44-a), Castell (47-b): Castell y Glonk [ 1 814PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys] ; Castell Clog ? [1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth]; Castell-y-glongc [ 1 832PR Llanddewi Aberarth] . This may have nothing to do with any real fortifications, but be an allusive name similar to castell y gleber given by D. Silvan Evans as meaning 'house of gossip and brawling' [GPC s.v. castell]; there exists another Castell-y-glonc (SN 1 0-37, Nevern) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 1 49} ; cf. Cnwc-y-glap (20-c). Llwyndu -(SN 538-644)[1lwyn + du] ; Llwyn-du OS 1 89 1 I n ruins [OS 1 904]. Llynwen -(SN 533-633)[llwyn + pn. Ywain] ; [imwen, now lujn'owen Gr. Davies] Llwynwen 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Wenn 1 714 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Owen 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llwynowen 1 746PR Cilcennin, Llyn Owen OOS 1 8 19, Llyn Owen OS 1 834, Llynowen 1 836PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Llwyn Owen 1 83 9TMS, Llyn-owen OS1 89 1 , Llwyn-owen OS 1 904, Llwyn Wen 1 93 1 S.M.Powell p. 1 9 For a comparable confusion between Ywain and (g)wen, cf Ffynnonwen (27-a). As with other names containing Ywain we fmd here the development to uen ----;. wen ( cf Penglanywain (53-a), and Brynywain, 32-a). The phonetic development was completed in this case by connecting this name to the well-known word llynwyn 'pool, puddle', which is pronounced llynwen in Cardiganshire, this explains the otherwise irregular development of llwyn -;. llyn. Maesllyn -(SN 5 1 0-629) [maes + y + llyn]; [majs'lm L. Edwards] Maes y Llyn 1 81 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Maes Llyn OOS 1 81 9, Maes-llyn OS 1 834, Maes-llyn OS 1 89 1 Maes-newydd -(SN 577-636)[maes + newydd] ; 7 13

(47) ANHUNIOG Maesnewydd 1 839TMS, Maes-newydd OS 1 89 1 Maesrhyg -(SN (ii)544-643) [maes + y + rhyg] ; [majs'ri:g A . Davies, Gr. Davies, mas'ri:g W . Jones] Maes y Rhyg 1 839TMS, Maes-y-rhyg OS 1 89 1 , Maes-rhug OS 1 982 i) SN 543-641 . 1 839. See Glanarthen (47-a). ii) SN 544-643. 1 891 . It is now a garage. Melin Llynwen -(SN 53 3-632)[melin + tn. Llynwen (47-a)] ; Velin Llwyn-owen 1 793 sur map, Llwyn Owen Mill 1 83 9TMS, Felin Llyn-owen (Corn) OS 1 891 , Felin Llwyn-owen OS 1 904 Melin Pennant -(SN 5 1 3-63 1 )[melin + tn. Pennant (47-a)]; [tal,b;mt'sto:rs, velm'kum since c. 1 965 L. Edwards] 'suit at' Melin y Pennant 1 640 Crosswood MSS, Mellin y Pennant 1 65 1 Crosswood MSS, Melin y Pennant 1 652 CD, Melin y Pennant 1 75 5 Coleman MS 1 45 , Mill 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pennant Mill 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Mill Pennant 1 834PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Felin Cwm (sign) Moelfryn-bach -(SN 5 83-626)[moel + bryn (+ bach)] ; [m;,lvrm'ba:x J. R Rees] Moelvryn ycha 1 630 GTM MSS p. 34, Moelvryn ycha als. Moelvryn bach 1 698 GTM MSS p.38, Molfryn bach 1 746PR Cilcennin, Moelfryn bach OOS 1 8 19, Moelfryn bach OS 1 834, Molfryn bach, Molfrey bach 1 839TMS, Moelfryn-bach OS1 891 Moelfryn-main -(SN 571 -626)[moel + bryn (+ main)]; [m;,lvrm'majn J. R. Rees] Moelfryn Main 1 760CF, Moelfryn Main 1 776PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Moelfryn Maen OOS 1 8 1 9, Molfryn Main 1 839TMS, Moelfryn-maen OS 1 89 1 , Moelfrynmaun >1 895rent, Moelfryn-main OS1 904 Moelfryn-mawr -(SN 578-624)[moel + bryn (+ mawr)] ; [m;,lvrm'mowr J. R Rees, m;,l'vrme (coli.) J. R Rees] Tythin y Moelvryn 1 630 GTM MSS p. 34, Moelvryn ycha als. (sic) Moelvryn mawr, Moelvryn canol 1 698 GTM MSS p.3 8, Moelfrin mawr 1 760CF, Moelfryn mawr 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Moelfryn mawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Moelfryn mawr 1 822PR Llangeitho, Molfrey mawr 1 83 9TMS, Maelfrynmawr 1 874 Derry Ormond MSS, Molfryn mawr 1 876 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 4, Moelfryn-mawr OS 1 891 Morawel - ( SN 5 1 6-633)[mor + awel] ; Morawel OS 1 982 Mownt -(SN 5 1 4-633)[E. mount] ; [mawnt L. Edwards] Mount Pleasant OS 1 89 1 Mynachdy-bach -(SN 502-624)[mynachdy (+ bach)] ; [nazdi'va:z, m�.nazdi'va:z Gr. Davies, m�.nazti'ba:x J. Jones, m�.nazdi'ba:x L. Edwards] Monaghty newyth ? 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 00, Manachty bach 1 690rent f 14, Y Mynachty newydd 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Y Manachty newydd ? 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Mynachty bach 1 768rent Crosswood, Monachty bach 1 8 1 4 NLW MS 61 6-D, Mynachdy bach OOS 1 8 1 9, Mynachdy-bach O S 1 834, Monachty bach 1 839TMS, Monachty-bach OS1 891 Mynachdy Lodge -(SN 509-628)[tn. Mynachdy (47-a) + E. lodge] ; [m�.nazdi'bd3, mazdi'l;,d3 als. penare 'k;,ted3 L. Edwards, pen,a:r9'k;,ted3 als. m�.naxti'bd3 Gr. Davies] Monachdy Lodge ? 1 823PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penaith Cottage, Pennant Cottage 1 839TMS, Penarth Cottage 1 871PR Cilcennin, Penarth OS 1 982 The usual pronunciation of Penarth (Glams.) may have had an influence on some realisations of this name, cf Penarth (47-a). Mynachdy-mawr -(SN 504-620)[mynachdy (+ mawr)] ; [pla:s'nazdi Gr. Davies, sta:t'nazti, m�'nazdi J. Jones, m�naz'di: (emphasised) J. Jones] Monaghty y Bron Voen 1 577rent £ 30, Menachty 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.471 , Y Mynachdy c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 1 , Manachddy 1 606 Prob. St-David, Tir Munachty mowre 1 633rent £ 3 , Manachty 1 63 3rent f 1 , Managhty 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Manachtie 1 641/42 Mynachdy MSS, Maynachty als. Krig y Pebill 1 65 1 Crosswood MS S, Manachty mawr 1 690rent £ 14, Mynachty 1 704 Mynachdy MSS , Mynachtie mawr 1 706 Mynachdy MSS, Mynach T u 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Mynachty 1 749PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Mynachtuy 1 756 Mynachdy MSS, Manachty 1 760map E.Bowen, Mynachdy 1 760CF, Minachty 1 767 Mynachdy MSS, Mynachty mawr 1 768rent Crosswood, Manachty 1 798 Derry Ormond MSS, Mynachty 1 803map J. Singer, Mynachdy mawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Mynachdy O S 1 834, Monachty 1 839TMS, Monachty OS 1 89 1 , Palas Monachdy 1 907 J.Evans p. 5 1 , Monachty Home Farm 1 994 CN 1 6/ 1 2/94, Monaghty 1 994 leaflet

7 14

( 4 7) ANHUNIOG The 1 577 form seems to show an original name, similar to Bronwennau (47-a). The alias of 1651 refers to what was probably the earlier name of Crugiau-bychain (47-a); see 'Hanes plas Mynachdy' J. Evans [ 1 987 Llais Aeron: 102]. Nantcou -(SN 566-634)[nant + cau]; [nag'k:lj J. R Rees] Nant Coy 1 727 Peterwell MS 14, Nantcoy 1 767rent p.241 , Nantcoy 1 777PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Nant Goy OOS 1 8 1 9, Nant-goy O S 1 834, Nant-goy OS 1 89 1 , Nant-coy OS1 904, Nantgau 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 28 Nanteos -(SN 5 1 0-632)[tn. Nanteos (64-a)] ; Nanteos OS 1 982 Nant-y-gath -(SN 578-638)[nant + y + cath]; [nant�'gare, people say nant�'ga:e J. A Hopkins] Nantygarth 1 897 T.Evans p. 96, Nant-y-garth OS 1 904 The birthplace of the poet T. Evans (bn Cledanydd) [ 1897 T. Evans: 96] , a fact which may explain the popular etymology Nant-y-garth. Nant-y-gath-isa -(SN 580-641)[nant + y + cath (+ isaf)]; [nant�,gar8'isa, people say nant�,ga:8'isa J. A Hopkins] Nant-y-gath 1 833PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Nantygath 1 837PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Nant y Gath ishaf 1 839TMS, Nant-y-gath OS 1 89 1 , Nant-y-garth-isaf OS 1 904 This is the name of the stream which feeds into Corsc:Wn (47-b), from whence the river Cledan issues forth. Note, however, that Blaencledan (47-a) is situated above Corsc:Wn. Nant-y-gath-ucha -(SN 582-640)[nant + y + cath (+ uchaf)] ; [nant�'gare, people say nanb'ga:e·�xa J. A Hopkins] Nant y Gath uchaf 1 839TMS, Nant-y-gath-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Nant-y-garth-uchafOS 1904 Nantgwynfynydd -(SN 566-636)[tn. Nantgwyn:fynydd (22-a)] ; Nantgywnfynydd 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Nant Gwynfynydd 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Nant-gwyn-fynydd OS1 891 North Lodge -(SN 505-622)[E. north + lodge]; [n:lr8'bd3 J. Jones, no:8'bd3 L. Edwards] New Lodge ? 1 820PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Lodge OS 1 89 1 , North Lodge OS1 982 A lodge ofMynachdy-mawr (47-a). Pantfallen -(SN 532-629)[pant + yr + afallen] ; [pant'vaien Gr. Davies] Tir Garn y Llian als. Pant y Vallen 1 633rent f 1, Pant y Varllen 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Pant y Vallen 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Pantyfallen 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pant y Fallen 1 81 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pant Mallen OOS 1 81 9, Pant y Fallen O S 1 834, Pant y Ffallen 1 839TMS, Pant-afallen OS1 89 1 The alias Cam-y-lleian preserves a reference t o the land belonging t o Llanll)'r nunnery in the vicinity of Pontsaeson, it is also given as an alias to Llwyn-y-betws (see sub Croesty, 47-a): Lloyne y Bettus als. Tyr Kame y Llyan (1603-25 T. L J. Jones (1955): 100] . Pantglas -(SN 569-641 )[pant + glas]; Bank Glas 1 839TMS, Pant-glas OS 1 89 1 Pant-mawr -(SN 5 1 3-636)[pant + mawr]; [pant'mowr L . Edwards, pant'mawr Gr . Davies] Tyr y Pant mawr 1755 Coleman MS 145, Pant mawr OOS 1 8 1 9, Pant-mawr O S 1 834, Pantmawr 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pant-mawr OS 1 891 , Bro Dawel OS1 982 Pant-y-petris -(SN 527-627)[pant + y + petris]; [pant�'petriS Gr. Davies] Pant y Petris 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pantypaetrice 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Pant y Petrys OOS 1 8 1 9, Pant-y-petrys OS 1 834, Pant y Petris 1 839TMS, Pant-y-petros OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-petris O S 1904, Pantpetris 1 91 3 J.Evans p.38 Cf Llwynpetris (SN 45-08, Llangyndeym, Canns.); Y Betris (Nanhoron & Talsam, Caerns.), which W. J. Gru:ffydd [1928: 245] doubted was to be equated withpetris 'partridge'. Pant-teg -(SN 521-636)[pant + teg] ; [pant'te:g L. Evans] Pant-teg OS 1 89 1 Panttwyn -(SN (i)5 1 8-638)[pant + yr + \Vyn]; [pant'rojn, now werniojn L. Edwards] Pant Ruin OOOS1 8 1 9, Pant yr Wyn 1 824PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pant yr Wyn OS1 834, Pant-yr-Wyn O S 1 89 1 , Pantrwyn 1 973 WFM MS 1 969, Wernllwyn O S 1 982 i) SN 5 1 8-638 ii) SN 5 1 8-638. 25m N of site (i). 715

(47) ANHUNIOG Penarth -(SN 491 -625)[pen + hn. Arth]; [penare 0. Jones, J. Jones] Penarth 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen-arth O S 1 89 1 In ruins [OS1 904] ; see sub Mynachdy Lodge (47-a). Penbont-fach -(SN 5 1 2-63 1 )[pen + y + pont (+ bach)] ; [penb:mt'ba:x; L. Edwards] Penbont fach 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 The -fach was in opposition to Penbont which is likely to stand below the foundations of Capel Pennant (47-a). Penbryndu -(SN 506-63 5)[pen + bryn + du] ; [penvrm'di: (id.) als. tre'pudel Gr. Davies, tre'pudel L. Edwards] Trepwdel 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Trepwdle 1 83 9TMS, Tre-pwll OS 1 891 , Trepwdel >1 895rent, Pen-bryn-du OS 1 904 Pencarmel -( SN 586-639) [pen + Bibl.tn. Carmel] ; [karmel J. R Rees] Carmel OS 1 89 1 , Pen-carmel O S 1 904, Carmel 1 990 E.Jones p.25 Pencnwc -(SN 508-629)[pen + y + cnwc]; Pencnwc 1 805PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-y-cnwck 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penycnwck 1 8 1 9PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-cnwc OS 1 891 Pencwm-Mynach -(SN 5 1 3-632)[pen + cwm + y + mynach] ; [pegkum'mowr + 'ba:x; L . Edwards] Pen y Cwm 1 834PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen Cwm Mynach 1 839TMS, Pencwm 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Penfarteg -(SN 5 1 4-623)[pen + y + ? ]; [pen'varteg J. Jones, L. Edwards] Tir y Vartogg 1 61 3 £ 3, Y Vartheg vechan 1 6 5 1 Crosswood MSS, Varteg vechan 'in village of Pennant' 1 652 CD, Varteg vach 1 690rent f. 1 4, Y Varteg vawr 1 694 Crosswood MS S, Y Verteg vawre 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Vartech vach 1 755 Coleman MS 145, Pen y Varteg 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bwlch y Varteg ? 1 822PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Varteg 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penfarteg 1 836PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penyfarteg 1 839TMS, Pen-farteg OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cae Farteg (Wernddu land), (c) Cae Penfarteg (Mynachdy-bach land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 This is an obscure name that finds parallel in other place-names: Farteg (SN 78-08, Cilbebyll, Glarus.), Vargdeck 1 528, Y Varchdeg vawr 1 595 [1 992 B. L. Jones: 52] ; Cwmfarteg (SS 82-91, Maesteg, Glams.); Farteg (SO 26-05, Abersychan, Mons.); and the hn. Marteg (St Harmon, Rads.). A fifteenth-century form of the river Marteg has Blaen Marchdec [tl l 485 L. Glyncothi: 1 40] (a tributary of that river called Marcheini). B. L. Jones [1 992: 52] explains the name thus: "Ond sut mae esbonio Y Farchdeg, meddech chi? I Y cam cynta ydi cofio fod enwau lleoedd eraill yn dechrau gyda'r elfen march. Dyna ichi Marchlyn yn enw llyn yn Eryri, uwchben Deiniolen, a Marchwiail yn enw pentre yn ymyl Wrecsam. I Mae egluro Marchwiail yn weddol hawdd. Marchwellt ddywedwn ni am wellt mawr bras, marchfieri am fieri mawr, a marchysgall am ysgall mawr y mae'r Sais yn alw'n 'spear thistle'. Marchwiail, felly, ydi gwiail mawr bras. Mae march ar ddechrau geiriau yn Gymraeg yn golygu 'mawr' - yn union fel horse ar ddechrau gair fel 'horse radish' yn Saesneg. Ystyr Marchlyn, ar yr un math o batrwm, ydi llyn mawr. I Beth am Marchdeg? Fe allai'r gair hwnnw olygu lle arbennig o deg neu hardd iawn, iawn." . Pengam-ucha -(SN 579-633)[pen + y + earn + uchaf]; [bagk, peggarn'�x;a J. R Rees] Pen y Garn 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Blaengarn 1 835PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bank 1 876 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 4, Pen-garn-wen-uchaf OS1 891 , Pengam-uchaf OS 1 982 The Gam-ucha (49-a) 1 . 5km to NE refers to Carnwialen (40-b) at 344m altitude, whilst this refers to Pen­ y-gamwen at 323m altitude; cf. Tangam (47-a). Pengraig -(SN 497-627)[pen + y + craig] ; [peg'grajg J. Jones] Craig y Mynigh 1 577rent f. 28, Tir y Graig 1 633rent f.4, Pen y Graig 1 690rent f. l l , Rhandir y Graige 1 690rent f. 14, Pencraig Arth 1 809PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Pencraig Arth 1 83 1PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pengraig 1 839TMS Llanddewi Aberarth, Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Cf. Alit Craigarth (47-b). Penlan -(SN 523-625)[pen + y + glan] ; [pen'lan Gr. Davies, pe'lan L. Edwards] Pen y Lan 1 577rent f. 3 1 , Tier Pen y Llan 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 98, Erow Hir als. Penn y Lan 1 640 Crosswood MSS , Pen y Lein 1 690rent f 1 4, Penylan 1 720PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Tyr Pen y Lan 1 755 Coleman MS 145, Tynykeven als. Penylan 1 768rent Crosswood, Penlan 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen-'lan OS 1 834, Pen-lan OS 1 89 1 Penllain -(SN 547-628)[pen + y + llain] ; 7 16

(47) ANHUNIOG Pen-llain OS 1 89 1

Penllyn -(SN

5 1 3 -63 1 ) [pen + y + llyn] ;

[pen'im,

maybe before known a s gwar'im L . Edwards]

Pen y Llyn 1 83 0PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penllyn 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Gwar Llin 1 83 9TMS -(SN 53 8-643)(Cross Inn)[pen + y + Ion];

Penlon(i)

Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1

Penlon(ii)

-(SN 5 1 9-63 7)(Pennant)[pen + y + Ion] ;

[pe'lo:n Gr.

Davies, L . Edwards,

pen'lo:n L . Edwards]

Tyn y Lon 1 803map J. Singer, Pen y Lone 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Pen-lon O S 1 89 1 , Pen-Ion OS 1 904, Bro Dawel OS 1 982

[penant Gr. Davies, J.

PENNANT -(SN 5 1 3-633) [pen + nant] ;

Jones]

Tir y Velin als. Tir y Pennant 1 640 Crosswood MSS, Pennant 1 652 CD, Tyr y Pennant 1 749/50 DDE MS S, Tyr y Velin als. Tyr y Pennant, Pennant 1 75 5 Coleman MS 1 45 , Penant Shop 1 768PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pennant 1 779PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Pennant 1 803map J. Singer, Pennant OOS 1 8 1 9, Pen'nant O S 1 834, Pennant OS 1 89 1 , Y Penant 1 894 J.Evans p. 47 Six houses [ 1755

most of village on side of river

Coleman MS 1 45] ;

far from being clear (note the article before the name) .

It

[ 1 8391MS].

The significance ofPennant is

is well-known that the old meaning of nant was

skwa:r'�xa penant Gr. Davies] . One would expect the site of the village to be at the Pennant of northern Wales which invariably lie at the head of

'valley, dingle', and it might be thought to refer to the dingle that lies between it and (the crossroads near Blac-leion,

47-a)

[inf.

head of this dingle, like the common tns.

large valleys. The site of the village at the bottom of the dingle, in the main valley of the river Arth seems unsuitable for the name Pennant - whether nant is taken to mean 'valley, dingle' or 'brook, stream'. Comprising: 1 )

Blac-leion, 2) Blaencwm-Mynach, 3) Capel Pennant, 4) Efail, 5) Eifi-bwsh, 6) Gernant, 7) Gwarfelin, 8) Llain, 9) Melin Pennant, 1 0) Mownt, 1 1 ) Penbont-fuch, 12) Pencwm-Mynach, 13) Penllyn, 1 4) Penpompren, 1 5) Ship, 1 6) Talbont, 17) Ysgol Pennant. Penpompren -(SN 5 1 2-63 3 )[pen + y + pompren] ; [pen'b:lmpren J. Jones, L. Edwards] Pen y Pompren 1 760CF, Penpompren 1 77 1PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen y Pompren 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen-pompren 1 834PR Llansantfred, Pen Pontpren 1 83 9TMS, Penpompren 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 In Pennant [ 18391MS] ; in the village, on the side of the road [inf. J.

-(SN 575-633) [pen + y + rhiw] ;

Penrhiw

[pen'hriW J.

Jones].

R Rees]

Pen-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Penrhiw Nebo ? 1 979 J. RRees p. 1 2

Pentwyn

-(SN 5 82-635) [pen + y + twyn] ;

Pant-yr-Wyn O S 1 89 1 , Pen-tWyn O S 1 904, Pentwyn 1 979 J.R Rees p. 1 2 This place dates most probably from the nineteenth century, and can thus b e suspected o f having borrowed the term

twyn

'hill' from Glamorganshire Welsh

(as happened in the case of Cnwch (34-a) in the

1 920s).

Penwem

-(SN 5 1 1 -629)[pen + y + gwern] ;

[ pen'wern Gr.

Davies, L. Edwards, J. Jones]

Penywern 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen-wem OS 1 89 1

Perllanbiter

-(SN 495-624) [perllan + pn. Piter] ;

Jones,

perlan'pit�r 0.

Jones,

ti'mari D.

[berian'brter

Gr. Davies, J . Jones,

berlan'biter:, bian'biter

J.

W. Jones]

Perllan Peter 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Berllan Peter 1 820PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Berllan Piter 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Berllan OS 1 89 1 , (f pn.) Mari Berllan Peter 1 929 n.c. (WGaz. ) in ATL P l . 9 1 3 , Perllan-pitar 1 973

WFM MS

1 969, (f.pn.) Mari Berllan Pitar 1 98 1 Llais Aeron n.45, Berllan

Biter 1 984 Llafar Gwlad vol. 5 p. 1 2 For further details on Mari Perllanbiter, see 1 984 Llafar Gwlad vol. 5 p. 1 2.

Plas-bach

-(SN 578-63 8)[plas + bach] ;

[pla:s'ba:z J. A

Hopkins, J. R Rees]

Plas-bach O S 1 891

Plas-newydd -(SN 543-640) [plas + newydd] ; Plasnewydd 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Plas-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Plasnewydd, 'form called' Aipht 1 924-26 CSRLS 22 Cf

Pontsaeson

Yr Aif.ft (46-a). -(SN 543-63 1 )[pont + tn. Rhydsaeson] ;

[p:lnt'sejs:ln A

Davies,

Gr.

Davies]

Cewyn hi Ric Esceir Saisson (sic?) 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Cristerton 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 276, Crutseyson 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 276 {v. l } , Tir y Rhyd 1 68 5 CD,

(c) Rhyd

Saison Bridge, Park Pont Rhud

Seison (prox. ) 1 793 sur map, Pont y Saeson 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Bont y Saeson 1 8 1 7PR

717

(47) ANHUNIOG Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Pont Rhydysaeson 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pont Rhyd Saeson OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhyd Saeson 1 823PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pont Rhyd Seison 1 839TMS, Bontsaeson 1 878 Goleuad 1 9/01/78, Pont-rhyd-saeson O S 1 891 , a Phont y Saison 1 903 Cymru vol.25 p.227, Pont-rhyd­ saeson OS 1 904, yn Bontsaeson 1 91 3 J.Evans p. 1 26, Bont Saeson, 'old name' Bont Rhyd Saeson 1 92426 CSRLS 22 There were differing traditions as to why Pontsaeson got its name [ 1 904 J. Evans: 1 82-83] ; the earliest form seems to have the elements of two neighbouring toponyms mixed, I suggest it should have read *Cewyn hi Esceir Ric Saisson; see Dyffrynarth als. Esgair (47-a); cf Esgairsaeson (39-a). Rhandir -(SN 54 1 -646)[rhandir]; [hrand1r, a'randrr 'a Rhandir' D. W. Jones] Rhandir ? 1 706 Mynachdy MS S , Rhandir OS 1 89 1 Rhiw-wen -(SN 537-637)[rhiw + gwen]; [ o,riW'wen D . W . Jones] Tir Rees David ap Evan Lloyd als. Tir y Llwyn Cam als. Tir Rhiw Wenn 1 666 Mynachdy MSS, Tir Rhees David ap Evan Llwyd als. Llwyn Cam, Tir y Rhiw Wen 1 746 Mynachdy MSS, Rhyw-wen 1 793 sur map, Rhiwen 1 797 Mynachdy MSS, Rhyw Wen 1 8 14PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhiwen 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhiw Wen OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhiw-wen OS 1 834, Rhiw Wen 1 83 9TMS, Rhiw-wen OS1 891 This adjoins Cefngwyn (47-a). Rhos -(SN 581-628) [rhos] ; [hro:s J. R Rees] Rhos 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhos OS1 891 Rhosgoch -(SN 588-637)[rhos + coch] ; [hro:s'go:x; J. R Rees] Rhos Goz 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 92, Tythyn y Rhos Goch 1 7 1 0 GTM MSS p.39, Rhos-goch OS 1 89 1 Rhoshelyg -(SN 542-622)[tn Rhoshelyg] ; Rhoshelyg OS 1 982 Probably named from the well-known poem, 'Rhoshelyg' by B. T. Hopkins, Blaenafon (39-a). B. T. Hopkins was born at Gwaunhelyg (55-a), and his poem - inspired by Dolau near Cae-mawr (39-a) - talks of a ruined mountain cottage, surrounded by rhos 'moor' and helyg 'willow' [inf J. A Hopkins]. Rhydbenlan -(SN 563-627)[rhyd + y + penlan] ; Rhyd y Benlan 1 8 14PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhyd-benlan OS 1 891 In ruins [OS1 904]; see sub Benlan-isa (44-a). Rhydgaled -(SN 569-645)[rhyd + caled] ; [hri:d'galed J. R. Rees] Rhyd Caled 1 83 9TMS, Rhyd-galed O S 1 89 1 , i Rydgaled 1 984 J.RRees p. 98 Ship -(SN 5 1 3-630)[E. ship]; [f1p Gr. Davies] Ship 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred Snowhill -(SN 5 1 1 -626)[E. snow + hill]; [snow'hd Gr. Davies] Snowhill O S 1 891 , The Woodlands OS1 982 This may have been named after Snowshill (Gloucs.) on the Welsh drovers' route to London, but is likelier to have been named after the Snowhill in London or Birmingham. South Lodge -(SN 504-61 7)[E. south + lodge]; [sowO'bd3 J. Jones, sawO'bd3 L. Edwards] Lodge 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Lodge OS 1 89 1 A lodge ofMynachdy-mawr (47-a). Tailglas -(8N 549-63 1)[tail + glas] ; [tal'gla:s A. Davies] Tythyn y Taile Glas 1 728 GTM MSS p.40, Tail Glase 1 760CF, Talglas 1 779PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tir Glas (sic) OOS 1 8 1 9, Tir-glas (sic) 081 834, Tanglas 1 83 1PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Talglas, Talglas 1 839TM8, Tir-glas (sic) 081891, Tal-glas 081904 The burden of this name - seemingly meaning 'green dung/manure' - is not clear to me; cf. Glasteilau (54a). Talbont -(SN 5 12-630)[tal + y + pont]; [tal'b�nt L. Edwards] Talybont 1 973 WFM MS 1 969, Talybont (sign) Talwm -(SN 569-623)[talwrn]; Tal-wern OS 1 89 1 , Talwrn OS 1 904 Tanbryn -(SN 585-640)[tan + y + bryn] ; [tan�'br�n J. R Rees] Tan-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 , Tan'bryn 1 897 T.Evans p. 55 Tancastell - (SN 557-630)[tan + y + castell];

7 18

(47) ANHUNIOG Tan-y-castell 08 1 834, Tan y Castell 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tan Castell 1 837PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Castell 1 839TMS, Tan-castell 08 1 89 1 N o apparent remains o f fortifications i n the vicinity.

Tancwarre -(SN 587-641)[tan + y + cwarre] ; [tanlkware J. R Rees] Tan-y-quarry 08 1 89 1 , Tan-cwarrau 0 8 1 904, Tancwarau 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 28

Tangam-isa -(SN 577-632)[tan + y + cam (+ isaf)] ; Tanygarn 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tan-y-gam OS 1 834, Tan y Gam ishaf 1 839TMS

Tangam-ucha -(SN 582-63 1 )[tan + y + earn (+ uchaf)] ; [tanlgarn J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees] Tan y Gam uchaf 1 83 9TMS, Tan-garn-uchaf 0 8 1 891 , yn Nhangarn 1 984 J.RRees p. 1 2 1 , o Dangarn 1 984 J.RRees p. 1 70 Both Tangam refer to Pen-y-garnwen (47-b). Tirdu -(SN 5 1 4-63 5) [tir + du] ; [t�r�di: Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Tyr Duy 1 749/50 DDE MSS, Tirdy 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tir Du 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tirdu 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tirdu bach (prox.) 1 833PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tyrddu 1 839TMS, Tir-du O S 1 8 9 1

Traws-newydd - ( S N 546-61 7 [traws ( + newydd)]; Traws-newydd 08 1 89 1 , Trawsnewydd Farm OS 1 982 The -newydd is in opposition to Hendraws (47-a).

Trefaes-isa -(SN 5 59-64 1 )[tref + maes (+ isaf)]; [treva:slisa A. Davies, trevaslisa J. R Rees] Trefaes isa 1 803map J. Singer, Trefaes isaf OOS 1 8 1 9, Drevas issa 1 828PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Trefaes-isaf O S 1 8 34, Trefas ishaf 1 839TMS, Tre-faes-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Drefaes O S 1 982

Trefaes-ucha -(SN 562-640)[tref + maes (+ uchaf)] ; [treva:s��xa A. Davies, trevas��xa, trelva:s J. R Rees] Tythin Tre Vaes 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Trevanne als. Trevaes 1 733 Crosswood M88 , Trevase ycha 1 749/50 Pengelli MS8, Trevase 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Trefaes ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Drevas 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Trevas 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Drevas 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Trefaes uchaf 008 1 8 1 9, Drevas ucha

1 830PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys,

Trefaes-uchaf 08 1 834,

Drefasucha 1 875sur. landowners p.7, Tre-faes-uchaf 081 89 1 , Drefa's {rhyme with

glas} 1 984 J.R Rees

p. 1 70

Troedrhiw -(8N 573 -634)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [trodlhnw J.

R Rees]

Troed yr Hiw, Troed yr Rhiw 1 83 9TMS, Troed-rhiw 081 8 9 1

Ty'rardd -(SN 5 1 0-628) [tY + yr + gardd]; [ti1rar(), now geralt L. Edwards] in£ Ty-canol -(SN 578-63 1 ) [tY + canol]; Ty cenol 1 83 0PR Cilcennin, Ty-canol OS 1 89 1

Ty-coch -(8N 522-63 5)[tY + coch]; [tilko:x L . Edwards] Ty Coch 1 81 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty Coch OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty Coch 08 1 834, Ty Coch bach (prox. ) 1 832PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty-coch 08 1 89 1

Ty-heter -(SN 5 1 6-633)[ty + heter] ; [tilheter Gr. Davies, tileter L . Edwards] Ty Hetter 1 833PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty Retter 1 834PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty-heter OS 1 89 1 The meaning o f heter (+-- E . heater) i s 'flat-iron', and it was used figuratively t o denote anything triangular in shape, so that this house must have had a triangular aspect. GPC [s .v. hetar] refers to a Cae-hetar which referred to a triangular field.

Ty-llwyd -(SN 5 1 9-630)[ty + llwyd]; [tiliojd L. Edwards] Tfiy Llwyd 1 690rent f. 1 4, Tyllwyd 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Cefengwrthavarnissa als. (sic) Tyr Llwyd 1 749/50 DDE MSS, Tyllwyd 1 760CF, Ty Llwyd 1 768rent Crosswood, Ty Llwyd OOS 1 81 9, Tyllwydd 1 83 9TMS, Ty-ll\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Ty-mawr -(SN 576-632)[ty + mawr] ; [ ti mowr J. A . Hopkins, J . R Rees] l

Ty-mawr 08 1 891

Ty-nant(i) -(SN 564-628)(Nantcou)[tyddyn + y + nant] ; Ty'n y Nant 1 83 1PR L1anbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty Nant 1 839TMS, Ty-nant OS 1 89 1

Ty-nant(ii) -(SN 5 7 1 -645)(Bethania) [tyddyn + y + nant]; Ty-nant OS 1 89 1

Tyn-y-berth -(SN 539-63 1 ) [tyddyn + y + perth] ; (c) Park Ty yn y Berth 'with d. 0 cott.' 1 793sur map 719

(47) ANHUNIOG The -berth element may refer to Berthlwyd (47-a), which was some 500m N. Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 572-63 1 )(Cape1 Bethania)[ty + newydd] ; [ti'newi() J. R Rees] Ty newydd 1 803map J. Singer, Tynewydd y Mynydd 1 81 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty newydd O S 1 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Gernant OS 1 982

Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 572-636)(Bethania) [ty + newydd] ; Ty newydd 1 839TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 891

Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 5 1 5-632)(Pennant)[ty + newydd] ; [ti'newi('j Gr. Davies, L. Edwards] Ty newydd 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty newydd (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 9, Ty-newydd O S 1 891

Ty-newydd(iv) -(SN 53 8-644)(Cross Inn)[tY + newydd]; [ti'neWI() A Davies] Ty-newydd O S 1 89 1

Tyngwndwn -(SN 537-629) [tyddyn + y + gwndwn] ; Twy yn y Gwndwn als. Tyr Pweth als. Tir Poeth 1 8 1 5 Mynachdy MSS, Ty'n y Gwndwn 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Tyn y Gwndon OOS 1 8 1 9, Tyn-y-gwndwn OS 1 834, Ty'n-gwndwn OS1 891 The alias may be literal (in which case the early forms of Ty-poeth refer to this site), or may refer to the annexation of Ty-poeth to Tyngwndwn. A study of the lands of the grange of Moifa-mawr-Anhuniog might decide the case of the location of the original

Ty-poeth (47-a), which was a monastic possession.

Tynlon -(SN 541 -645)[tyddyn + y + lon] ; Lone ? 1 81 7PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty'n-lon O S 1 891

Ty-poeth -(SN 537-629) [ty + poeth] ; Tref Borth ? 1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Derfporth ? 1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Y Tref Porth ? > 1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Tyr y Ty Poeth 1 740 M.Richardson MS 2722, Tir Poeth 1 793sur map, Ty Poeth 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ty Poeth 1 824TMS, Typoeth >1 895rent Even assuming porth is a mistake for poeth, the identification of Ty-poeth with the medieval

* Treboeth is

not assured, though the latter appears to have been in the grange of Moifa-mawr-Anhuniog, as it was associated with Rhiwarth - perhaps in the vicinity of Castell mare" [1 181-82(1285) cart. Ystradffiur] ; see Tyngwndwn (47-a).

(47-b): " et de Derfporth et Riwardh usque ad

Ty-twcwr -(SN c. 5 1 0-630)(tY + yr + twcwr] ; [ti'tukur L. Edwards] Ty-twcwr (Lanlwyd land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969

Valley View -(SN 543-637)[E. valley + view]; Valley View OS 1 982

Waun-fach -(SN 5 69-642)[y + gwaun (+ bach)] ; Waun fach 1 839TMS, Waun-rach OS 1 89 1

Waun-fawr -(SN 571 -642)[y + gwaun (+ mawr)] ; [wejn'vowr A . Davies, J . R. Rees wejn'vawr J . A Hopkins] Waun fawr 1 839TMS, Waun-fawr OS 1 89 1

Wemddu -(SN 5 1 7-627)[y + gwern + du] ; [wern•m: Gr. Davies, wern'()i: L . Edwards] Wern Duy 1 577rent £ 32, Tir y Wern Ddy 1 63 3 rent £ 3 , Y Wern Ddy 1 640 Crosswood MSS, Gwern Dduy 1 690rent f 1 4, Wernddu, Wern Dduy 1 720PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Werndduy 1 755 Coleman MS 1 45, Wernddu 1 760CF, Gwernddu 1 768rent Crosswood, Y Wern Ddu OOS 1 8 1 9, Wern-ddu O S 1 834, Wern-ddu OS 1 89 1

Whitehall -(SN 5 1 8-633)[E.tn. Whitehall] ; [wajt'ho:l Gr. Davies, L . Edwards] Neuadd Wen 1 803map J. Singer, Whitehall 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Llanbadarn White Hall 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Neuadd Wen OOS 1 81 9, Neuadd Wen OS 1 834, Neuadd-wen OS 1 89 1 , Neuadd­ wen O S 1 904, White Hall OS 1 982 This is one of the few examples where the map tends to show a Welsh version of the name, though it is the English version that is in use locally; cf Foxhole (14-a), Bridge (70-a). " Gelwid hi felly am yr arferid cadw siop yn y lle olaf ond nid oes yno un heddiw. " [ 1 973 WFM MS 1 969].

Ynysheblwyn -(SN 50 1 - 637)[ynys + heb + llwyn] ; Ynys Heblwyn OOS 1 8 1 9, Ynysheblwyn 1 820PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ynys Heblwyn OS 1 834, Ynys Eblwyn 1 839TMS, Ynys-heblwyn OS 1 89 1 , (c) Banc Ynysheblwyn (Ynyshir land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 In ruins [OS1904] . Other names with the phrase heblwyn 'without bush/grove' or, perhaps, 'without tree' are Ffynnonheblwyn (5-a), Cefnheblwyn (26-a, 46-a). Ysgol Cross Inn -(SN 544-640) [ysgol + tn. Cross Inn (47-a)]; [�sk:.l,kr:.s'm D. Williams] Ysgoldy Crossinn 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 80, Cross Inn (Llanon) C. 1 945 WLS, Cross Inn (Llannon) 1 967 WLS, Cross Inn C.P. 1 973 WLS, Sch. OS 1 982, Y sgol Cross Inn 1 997 CN 1 7/04/97

720

(47) ANHUNIOG b. 1 8 5 5 , reb. 1 95 6

Ysgol Pennant

[ 1997 CN 1 7/04/97] .

-(8N 5 1 3-634)[ysgol + tn Pennant (47-a)] ;

[ar'ask:>l L.

Edwards]

Pennant C.P. 1 967 WL8, 8ch O S 1 982

Ysgubor-fach -(SN

547-627) [ysgubor + bach] ;

[sk�b:>r'va:z D.

W. Jones]

Tir Yscybor vach 1 745/46 Mynachdy MS8 , Scybor Vach 1 760CF, 8gyborfach 1 8 1 7PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Yscybor vach 1 82 1PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Ysgubor-fach 08 1 834, 8cybor fach 1 83 9TMS, Ysgubor 08 1 89 1 , Ysgubor-rach 0 8 1 904

geonyms Allt Craigarth -(8N 497-625) [allt + tn.

Craigarth] ;

Craig yr Arth 1 85 5 in 1 904 D. Jenkins p.42, Allt Craig-arth 0 8 1 8 9 1 C f Pengraig (47-a). Allt Cwmerthig -(8N 498-623) [ant + tn.

Cwmerthig] ;

[kum'ere1g

Gr. Davies]

Alit Cwm Erthyg O S 1 89 1

Bane Moelfryn

-(8N 575-628)[banc + tn. Moelfryn (47-a)] ;

Moelfryn 0 8 1 89 1 , dan Fane y Moelfryn 1 984 J. R Rees p. 1 69 Casteli -(SN 494-623) [ casten] ;

[(c) ka·,kastcl'kum

0. Jones,

(c) ka·'kastd, kastcl J.

Jones]

Riwardh (prox. ) 1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Dyneyrd > 1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfflur, Dynerth >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Dineirth c. 1 28 6 Ann. Camb. (B) p. 40, Dynerch 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, a Chasten Dineirth s.a. 1 1 3 5( 1 3 00¥4) BT(Pen. 20) p. 86, a Chastell Dinyrth s . a. 1 1 3 6( 1 300%) BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 1 4, a Chasten Dineir[ ] s. a. 1 1 5 8( 1 300%) BT(RBH TJ) p. l 3 8, Dinerth s . a. 1 1 3 6( 1 4thcent.) BT(RBH TJ) (var. M) p. 1 1 4, a Chastell Dineyrth s.a. 1 1 3 6(c. 1 475) BS p. 1 44, Dinerth s. a. 1 20 8(c. 1 475) B8 p. 200, Hero Castell (sic nom.) 'probably the site' Dinerth Castle 1 808 8 .RMeyrick p . 293 , Castell 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Castell 008 1 8 1 9, Hen Gastell 1 83 3 8 .Lewis ( 1 85 0 edn) vol. 1 p. 4, Castell 08 1 834, Castel1 1 83 9MS, Dinerth Castle (site of) O S 1 89 1 The original name

Dineirth

is only known from medieval sources, by the nineteenth century when it

Castell or Hen-gastell. The original name has a cognate in the (SH 82-80, Llandrillo-yn-rhos, Denbs.), pronounced Dinarth locally [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 87]. B. Williams [ 1 864: 27] though this ought to be written Dinarth, equating the latter part with the river Arth, and commenting thus on the form " Castell Dinerth yr hyn sy gamgymmeriad hollol. Nid castell di nerth ydoeo, ond castell tra nerthol. " The Denbighshire Dineirth is widely suspected as the site glossed in the sixth century by Gildas as receptaculum ursi [1982 K. H. Jackson: 33-34], the name also being suspected of comes to light again it is known simply as

name of Dineirth

being an example of an archaic genitive singular, rather than a pluraL this could be the case for this

Dineirth,

except that

it would refer to the hydronym Arth. In this site's case there is no need to invoke the

archaic genitive singular as the castle lies just above the confluence of the rivers Arth and its tributary

Erthig

Arth rivers'. The form of Rhiwarth a tributary of the river Tanad in Llangynog (Monts.), which was formerly Rhiweirth [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 187] . The reduction of -eirth to -erth is attested in Nanneirth nanere [inf.] (Cwmteuddwr, Rads.), Nanneyrth 1 3 3 2 [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 187], 'little

Arth',

Dineirth could Rhiwarth, which

so that this

1 1 8 1 -82 seems to represent

be made to mean 'fort of the

also has a cognate in

and it would be quite regular in Welsh for [-ere] to have developed to [-are], which coincidentally brings back the singular form; see Lluest (47-a).

CorscWn

-(SN 574-641 ) [cors + y + cW11] ;

[k:>rs'ku:n J. A

Hopkins]

Rhos y Cwn 08 1 834, Rhos y CW11 08 1 89 1 , Gors y CW11 OS 1 904, Cors y CW11 1 984 J.RRees p. 97

(c) Pen Carlan [1 984 J. R. Rees: 1 69] was near Corsc:Wn. Llechgron -(8N 542-648) [llech + cron] ; [karega'bi:g T. Davies, L. Evans] Maen Llech Hir ?? 1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Llech Gron 1 760map E.Bowen,

Llech Gron 008 1 8 1 9,

Llech Gron 08 1 89 1 , Y Gareg a'r Big 1 902 WGaz. 69, Carreg Llech Gron als. Carreg-y-big 1 902 WGaz. 74, Carreg y Big, Y Carreg a'r Big c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 1 0 1 , Carreg Llechgron c. 1 902 E.R Horsfall-Tumer p. l 0 1

Carreg-y-big, called s o due t o its shape [c.l 902 E . R . Horsfall-Turner: 1 0 1 ] , probably means Garregbica (17-b), and can be compared to Carreg-y-big (SJ 25-32, Selattyn, Salop.), which lies some 700m SSE of a standing stone, and Carreg Bug 1 85 9 on top of Fainc-fawr (76-b); cf. Pengarreg (48-a); Parc-y-big (4-a). The later name

much the same as

72 1

(47) ANHUNIOG Pen-y-garnwen -(SN 579-634)[pen + y + cam + gwen] ; Carn Wen (sic loc.) 1 8 16Encl. map Anhuniog, Pen y Gam-wen OS 1 89 1 Cf Pengarn-ucha, Tangarn (47-a). Pontdyffryn -(SN 541 -628[pont + tn. Dyffryn[arth] (47-a)]; Pont y Dyffryn 1 903 Cymru vol. 25 p. 227, Pont Dyffryn OS 1 982 Pont Rhydgou -(SN 504-61 7)[pont + tn. Rhydgou]; Pont Rhyd Goy OS1 834, Pont-coy ? 1 83 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pont Rhyd-gog OS1 891 , Lodge OS 1 982 Rhos Anhuniog -(SN 540-644)[rhos + tn. Anhuniog (e)]; Common 1 793 sur map, Rhos Haminiog 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Rhosminiog 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, 'pt. of Rhos Haminiog OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhose-miniog 1 820PR Llansantfred, Rhoes-minog, Rhoes-miniog 1 821PR Llansantfred, Rhosyminiog 1 825 Derry Ormond MSS, Rhos Haminiog O S 1 834, Rhos y Miniog 1 835PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Rhoshaminiog 1 839TMS, Rhos Haminiog OS1 89 1 , Rhos y Mhiniog c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. l 00, ar Ros Haminiog 1 984 J.RRees p.46, Rhandir yr Iddewon 1 990 E.Jones p.37 Judging by its name - referring to the old commote name ofAnhuniog - this probably referred to a much wider area of commonland extending from above Garnjoel (48-a) to below Trefaes (47-a). The cymdogaethau (loose grouping of houses) around Nebo (48-a), Cross Inn (47-a), and Cnwcynduoer (47-a) were buih on Rhos Anhuniog. The name has been reanalysed as containing the word amhiniog 'threshold' or 'boundary'. It was said that so many Jews lived on Rhos Anhuniog, that it became known as Rhandir yr Iddewon, this story may well have been suggested by a large number of people here having Biblical surnames, such as Ebeneser, Benjamin, and certainly one Evan Abraham lived here [ 1990 E. Jones: 37]. Rhos Cilcennin -(SN 527-620)[rhos + tn. Cilcennin (43-a)]; [hro:skrl'kenm, kumm,:>rva'�i: Gr. Davies] Kilkenin Moor 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Kilkennin Moor 1 755PR Cilcennin, Rhos Cilcennyn OOS 1 81 9, Rhos 1 827PR Cilcennin, Rhos Cilcennin OS1 834, Rhos Cilcennin OS1 891 , Rhos Cilcenin 1 907 J.Evans p.56 Despite its name almost half of it stood in Llanbadarn Trefeglwys parish [oos1819]; its alias is named after Oeifa-ddu (43-a). A common or turbary . . . being the property of the parishioners of the said parish is much encroached upon [ 1755PR Cilcennin] .

722

( 48) ANHUNIOG LLANSANTFRED Abercledan

-(SN 5 07-668)[aber +

hn.

Cledan] ;

[brazti, i·r,he:n'vrazti (id.), briw�s, st�ros C. Jones] ? 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Aber-clydan Brewery OS 1 89 1 ,

Aberlon 1 803map J. Singer, Storehouse

Aber­

clydan Stores O S 1 904, Felinfor Brewery 1 987 CER vol 1 0 p . 3 73 The irregular realisation of bracdy 'brewery' as

brazti

suggests the informant is not familiar with it as an

everyday word.

Aberstrincell -(SN

5 1 9-683 ) [aber

+ hn. Strincell] ; [aber'stJUkd ( id.) L. Evans]

Graiglas 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Aberstrincell 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Aberskrinell 1 823PR Llanrhystud, Aberstringcell 1 828PR Llansantfred, Pencraiglas 1 820sPR Llansantfred, Abercrincell, Pencraiglas 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Aber-strincell OS 1 89 1 , Aber-strincell O S 1 904,

(c)

Ca Aberstinkell 1 924-26 CSRLS 44,

Craig Las 1 93 6 W.Edwards p. 66, yng Nghraiglas 1 95 5 W.J.Lewis p.41

Troedrhiw. The name seems to be *strinc seems identical to the B. adjective strink 'spouting, spurting, gushing', as well as the derivative strinkell meaning 'syringe' [1992 F. Favereau s.v. strink, strinkell] , E. Emault ( 1893 RC: 1 4.3 14-15] followed by V. Henry [ 1 900: 256] derived B. strinkell from a vulgar L. *syrincella (though the noun strink 'crystal' is derived by V. Henry [1 900: 256] from an " Onornatopee du son cristallin "; and the vn. strinka 'to toast, to drink the health; to clink (glasses)' is a loan from F. trinquer of the same meaning). F. Favereau compares the Breton word to W. ystryng which I have been unable to fmd in Welsh dictionaries, but a Welsh *ystring would better suit the The name refers to the small stream that enters the sea from above composed of an obscure element

*strinc and the suffix -ell.

The element

Breton word as well as this place-name. The meaning 'spouting, spurting, gushing' would suit a hydronyrn, especially a stream such as this one which gushes over the eroded coastline into the sea. Six

[1 869 Alltlwyd MSS]; " four large kilns . . . a shipbuilding [ 1936 w. Edwards: 66]. 5 3 8-649) [aber + tri + nant] ; [aber't�nant (id. ) L. Evans]

lime kilns at Graiglas

yard; lane from which to

mainroad is still called Lon Yard. "

Abertrinant -(SN

Aber-trinant O S 1 89 1 C f Abertrinant-ucha

Alltgoch

(47-a).

-(SN 5 3 3-674) [allt + coch] ;

[ai'go:z T. Morgan, L.

Evans]

Tythin yr Alit Goch 1 63 5 Hendrefelen MS S, Tythin yr Alt Goch 1 673 Hendrefelen MSS, Alltgoch 1 760CF, Alltgoche 1 78 8 Hendrefelen MSS , Alltgoch 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Yr Allt Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Allt-goch OS 1 89 1 See Felin-fach

Alltgoch-isa

(48-a).

-(SN 533-672)[allt + coch (+ isaf)] ;

Allgoch fach 1 828PR Llansantfred, Allt-goch-isaf OS 1 83 4

[�r.ai'ojd (farm) farmjard T. Morgan]

Alltlwyd-isa -(SN 524-68 1 ) [allt + llwyd ( + isaf)] ; T. Morgan,

farm'jard

L. Evans,

R Richards,

ai,iujd'farm,

now

majs�'vr�n

Penn yr Allt Lloyd 1 629/30 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythin yr Allt Lwyd 1 648 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythin yr Alt Lloyd

1 673 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythin yr Allt Llwyd 1 648 Hendrefelen MSS , Allt Llwyd 1 73 3

Crosswood MSS, Penyralltllwyd 1 78 8 Hendrefelen MS S, Galltlwyd 1 790 Alltlwyd MSS, Allt Lwyd isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Allt Llwyd O S 1 834, Alltlwyd Mansion 1 84 1 TMS, Allt-lwyd-uchaf (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Allt-lwyd­ isaf O S 1 904, Allt-lwyd-isaf 0Sc. 1 950, Maesfron OS 1 982

Alltlwyd-ucha

-(SN 527-683)[allt + llwyd (+ uchaf)] ;

Richards,

pla:s�'du:r p . c.

[ai'iujd

T. Morgan,

pla:s,ai'ojd, �r.ai'ojd (manJ�n)

R

H. Ll. Humphreys]

Alltlwyd ycha 1 796 Alltlwyd MS S, Ralltlwyd ucha 1 798MR Llyswen, Allt Lwyd 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, AUt Lwyd uchaf OOS 1 82 1 , Alltlwyd 1 84 1 TMS, Plas-allt-1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 , Plas Allt-1\Vyd + Allt-1\Vyd-uchaf OS 1 904, Allt-lwyd-uchaf 0Sc. 1 95 0 , Plasgwyn Hotel OS 1 982

Plas-y-dWr was given because its builder was reputed to have made his fortune by selling milk in London, which was watered down [p.c. H. Ll. Hrnnphreys]; cf sub Gwynfryn (14-a). Alma -(SN 5 1 4-67 1 ) [tn. Alma (Ukraine)] ; [alma C. Jones] inf Cf Alma Grange (3-a). Arddbori -(SN 5 1 4-67 1 )[yr + gardd + pori] ; [ar6'b�ri C. Jones] The nickname

Ardd-bori 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Arddbory cott. 1 84 1 TMS, Ardd-bori OS 1 89 1

723

(48) ANHUNIOG This was evidently referred to one of the strips around

Morja-esgob (48-b),

which was left (probably

intermittently) to pasture.

Atsolwen

-(SN 5 50-65 3) [atsol + gwen] ;

[ats;ll'wen A

Davies, T. Morgan]

Adsolwen 1 760CF, Adsol Wen 1 793sur map, Rosolwen 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Atsolwen 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred,

Adsolwen als.

Rhasolwen 1 8 1 6 Glansevin MS S, Rasol-wen

1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred,

Adsolwen 1 8 1 8PR L1ansantfred, Rasol Wen OOS 1 82 1 , Adsol-wen OS 1 834, Adsol-wen OS 1 89 1

Bancdu

-(SN 5 3 7-647) [banc + du] ;

[bauk'di: A

Davies,

Gr .

Davies, now

tegvan A

Davies]

Banc-du OS 1 89 1 , Banc-du 0Sc. 1 950, Tegfan O S 1 982

Bellevue -(SN

5 1 1 -665)[F. belle + vue] ;

Bellevue OS 1 904

Betindu -(SN

53 5-648)[betin + du] ;

[betm'di: A

Davies]

Betting Du 1 84 1 TMS Batende OS 1 89 1 , Bettin-du O S 1 904 ,

Blaengwenyn-fach

-(SN 5 3 7-675)[blaen + tn. [Perth]gwenyn (48-a) ( + bach)] ;

Blaen-gwenyn-fiich OS 1 904 See Blaengwenyn (49-a) . Blaenlluest -(SN 5 1 8-65 1 )[blaen + y + lluest] ; [bla:n'iiest L.

Evans]

Blaen Luast 1 820PR Llansantfred, Blaenlluast 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, Lluest Faen (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 9, Blean-lluast 1 826PR Llansantfred, Lluest-faen (sic loc.) OS 1 834, Blaen-lluest OS 1 89 1

Blaenpant

-(SN 533-648) [blaen + pant] ;

Blaen-pant OS 1 891

Borthun

-(SN 500-657) [

? ] ; [ �'b;lr8m

C. Jones]

Borthin 1 742 Crosswood MSS, Borthin (Llanddewi Aberarth parish) + Borthin Cottage (Llansantfred parish) 1 756 Crosswood MS S, Borthyn 1 768rent Crosswood, Borthunfach (prox. ) 1 830PR Llansantfred, Borthin OS1 834, Borthyn 1 841 TMS Borthin 1 9 3 8 R J. Thomas p. 200, ,

(c)

Pwll-y-borthyn (prox. ) 1 98 1

M Jones p.76 This place lies near the sea and the adjoining

Pwll-y-borthin was noted for smuggling [ 1 981 M. Jones: 76]; �'jard, pn. wiija�'rjard at SN 499-657 [inf. c. Jones]. There are at least four other places with this name, viz. Borthin (SN 66-37, Crug-y-bar, Canns.), Tyr Glan y Borthyn ycha [1678 Neuadd-fawr MSS]; Aberborthin (SO 00-85, Llandinam, Monts.), Aber Borthin 1 836 [ 1985 G. G. Evans: 83] ; the built-up area on road leading to Denbigh w of the river Clwyd in Ruthin (Denbs.) was called Y Borthyn (SJ 1 1-58) [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.510], Borthwen (sic) Road [c. 1 858 map of Ruthin]; Borthyn (SJ c.064-570, Gyffy1liog, Denbs.). As with R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 201] it is impossible to be certain as to whether Borthin o r Borthun is the correct form, though the pronunciation o f the Denbighshire names should give u s a clue. Though the stream near this site is called Ysig (see Brysig-mawr, 47-a), R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 200] deems the Borthun in Llansantfred to be a stream-name, this certainly seems to be the case of Blaenborthun (14-a), Borthun (Crug-y-bar, Canns.), and Aberborthin (Llandinam, Monts.), whose forms point to Borthun being a hydronym (for another possibility, see sub Blaenborthun, 1 4-a). The etymology of this name is complex, but there can be no disagreement with the judgement of R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 201 ] : "Nid yw'n debyg bod a wnelont ddim a'r enw, gwrywaidd a benywaidd, porth 'drws, mynedfa, porthladd'," for this reason alone we can disregard the etymology (porth + din 'the entrance fort') given by H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.510]. Neither in Welsh nor Breton are there any known elements *barth or * bawrth that would be needed to give tns. Borthun. This leads us to consider the forrn Aborthen 1 302--03 (see sub Blaenborthun, 14-a), which leads us to suppose that many of the names with Borthun may have lost their initial syllable. R J. Thomas [1938: 201 ] pondered the same possibility when he wondered whether there was a connection between the Llandinam Aberborthin with what he supposed was a personal-name Eborthun, in the following verses of Canu i Ywain Cyfeiliog by Cynddel Brydydd Mawr [(c. 1 400) Hendreg. : 139 (translation and punctuation based on 1 994 N. A Jones & A P. Owen 16.215-18)] : Scodic rae kart, kert orun-deym 'Flee-er from disgrace, king of sweet poetry, Kledyr kedeirn cad eitun Upholder of the brave, battle desirous, Ysgryd gryd rae greid Eborthun S carer [in] battle in the heat [of battle] of Eborthun, Ysgrud wlyt ar wlet y Mel/tun Generous to the animal of prey in the feast at Melltun. ' The forms Eborthun and Mel/tun have been identified as near Aberborthin (Llandinam, Monts.) and Mellington (Churchstoke, Monts.) [ 1994 N. A Jones & A P. Owen: 218], and if this is correct the connection between the Eborthun found in Cynddel Brydydd Mawr's verse and Aberborthin near Llandinam may be ships also seem to have been built here, viz.

724

(48) ANHUNIOG more than a coincidence, as the object of the verse was Ywain Cyfeiliog (t 1 1 97), the ruler of southern Pywys, which was bounded to the south by the struggling but independent cantref of Arwystli (which upon Ywain's death in 1 1 97 was annexed to Pywys by his son Gwenwynwyn [191 1 J. Lloyd: 2.584], though the earlier Madog ab Maredudd (t l l 60) was "almost certainly" overlord of Arwystli [1 993b H. Pryce: 42]). The battles of Eborthun and Mel/tun of the poem would then represent battles by Ywain Cyfeiliog, presumably respectively against the still independent cantref of Arwystli and the marcher lordship of Montgomery on the southern and eastern borders of Pywys. The location of Aberborthin is near the important church at Llandinam - as evidenced by the abbot who headed that church in the twelfth century [ 1 993b H. Pryce: 5 1 ] and may be suggest a court of the rulers of Arwystli there. The elision of an initial voweL lost due to the strength of stress on the penultimate syllable, leads us to compare the names in Borthun with two hydronyms of south-east Wales, which are supposed identical to each other: Berthun (Glams. ), Ebirthun c. 1 140 [ c. l l 40 LL: 260-61], Aper Epyrthun c. l 1 40 [c.1 1 40 LL: 261 ] , Aberberthynne 1 445, Aberberthine 1 5 1 5, Abberthyn, Byrthin 1 5 70, Burthyn 1 742, Aberthin c. 1 830 [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 98]; and Berthun (Mons.), Aberthin, Eberthyn 1 3 thcent., Burthin 1 585, Berthin c. 1 900 [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 99] . R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 99] who could not give any suggest any etymology for the names modernises the earliest form of these as *Ebirthun, though * Ebyrthun could just as well explain subsequent forms of the names. If we endeavour to connect the probable hydronyms Borthun with the undoubted hydronyms *Ebyrthun we have no phonological difficulties in positing Eborthun as a fuller, and more correct spelling of the later attestations, which we have written Borthun. For the sake of an equation with Eborthun I have decided to write the original of the rivers Berthun as * Ebyrthun (the connection with Eborthun being possibly similar to porth pl. pyrth, hwrdd pl. hyrddod, and due to a possible archaic dialect difference between south-eastern Welsh and the Welsh of other areas, namely -wg - og). If we persist in ascribing a common origin to Eborthun and *Ebyrthun, we may want to look for an original toponym identical or similar to *VpVrton- in ancient or medieval sources for western Europe. Bryn -(SN 5 1 3-664)[bryn] ; [brm C. Jones] Bryn OS 1 982 Brynamlwg -(SN 5 1 9-649)[bryn + amlwg] ; Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 Bryngog -(SN 546-665)[bryn + y + cog] ; [briJJ'go:g L . Evans] Brynygog 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Penygog 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Brynygoge 1 822PR Llansantfred, Brynygog 1 83 3PR Llansantfred, Bryn Gouge 1 841 TMS, Bryn-y-gog OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-gog OS 1 982 Bryngwilym -(SN 520-642) [bryn + pn. Gwilym]; [pre'sulva L. Edwards] Bryn-gwilym OS1 89 1 , Bryn-gwilym 0Sc. 1 950, Preswylfa OS 1 982 Bryngwyn -(SN 53 3-658) [bryn + gwyn] ; [briJJ'gwm L. Evans] Brun Gwyn 1 793sur map, Bryngwin 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Bryngwyn 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Bryn Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn-gwyn OS1 834, Bryn Gwynn 1 84 1 TMS, Bryn-gwyn OS1 891 Brynhop -(SN 550-650) [tn. Brynhop (34-a)] ; Bryn-hope 1 822PR Llansantfred, Bryn-hope OS 1 89 1 Brynrodyn-fach -(SN 549-660)[bryn + yr + odyn (+ bach)] ; Brynrodyn 1 829PR Llansantfred, Bryn y Rodyn cott. 1 841 TMS , Bryn-yr-odyn-bach OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1904] . Bryntirion -(SN 547-663)[bryn + tirion]; Bryntirion OS 1 982 Cae(i) -(SN 543-650)(Nebo)[ cae] ; Cae 1 821PR Llansantfred, Cae O S 1 891 Cae(ii) -(SN 554-666)(Hafodperis)[cae]; [kae T. Morgan, ka-j C. Jones] Cae 1 841 TMS, Ty'n-y-cae OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-cae 0Sc. l 950, Cae Villa OS 1 982 Cae-garw -(SN 546-668)[cae + garw]; Cae Garw 1 820PR L1ansantfred, Cae-garw OS 1 89 1 Capel Llannon -(SN (ii)5 1 3-668)[capel + tn Llannon (48-a)] ; [kapel'mowr, ti:r'kapel (prox.) C . Jones, kapel ,me6:l'distjed L. Evans] Meth. Chap. (Calv.) O S 1 89 1 , Llanon c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Meth. Chap. OS 1 904, Chap OS 1 982 i) SN ? . b. l 762 [ 1851Rel cens. : 527; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall:-Tumer: 277]; b. 1 767 [1 904 J. Evans: 1 36). -

�

725

(48) ANHUNIOG ii) SN 5 1 3 -668. b. 1 797 [1 904 J. Evans: 1 37-38; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 142] ; b. 1 804 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277] ; b. 1 844 [ c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Ttuner: 277; 1904 J. Evans: 1 3 7-38] . Capel Nebo -(SN (i)546-65 1 )[capel + Bibl.tn. Nebo] ; Capel Nebo (Indt. ) OS 1 89 1 , Nebo c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279 i) SN 546-65 1 . 1 891-1 904. ii) SN 546-65 1 . See sub Pencnwc (48-a). b. 1 808-09 [1851Rel cens.: 527; 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 1 6; c.1902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 279; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 143] ; reb. 1 83 3 [ 1851 Rel cens.: 527] ; b. 1 83 5 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Ttuner: 279; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 43 ] ; denom I; cf Nebo (48-a). Cnwcmelyn -(SN 5 5 1 -663) [cnwc + melyn] ; Cnwc-melyn OS 1 891 Constant -(SN 5 1 1 -673)[E.tn. Constant[inople] (Turkey)]; [k:Jnstant C. Jones] Constantinoble 1 828PR Llansantfred Named after a ship [inf. C. Jones]; cf Constant (30-a; 33-a), Constant als. Cwm(ii) (3-a). Cringae -(SN 544-650)[crin + cae] ; Cryngar 1 84 1 TMS, Cringae OS 1 89 1 Cf Cringae (4-a). Cringae-fach -(SN 543-649)(crin + cae (+ bach)]; Cryngar 1 84 1 TMS, Cringae-fach OS 1 891, Pant-teg OS 1 904 Cwm -(SN 527-670)[cwm]; [kum'pens L. Evans] Tyrycwm 1 766 Hendrefelen MSS, Cwm 1 8 1 3PR L1ansantfred, Cwm 1 841 TMS, Cwm OS 1 891 Cwmcledan -(SN 527-661 ) [cwm + hn. Cledan] ; [kum'kle-dan L. Evans, kum'kledan D. W. Jones] Rhyd-y-dorth-issaf 1 793sur map, Rhydorth issa 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Rhyd-dorth-issa 1 828PR Llansantfred, Rhyd Dorth issa, Rhyd y Dorth issa 1 84 1 TMS, Cwm-cledan OS 1 89 1 , Rhydydorthissa > 1 895rent, Cwm-clydan OS 1 904 The alias Cwmcledan appeared between 1 841-91 [ 1 841TMS; OS1891 ]. Cwm-bach -(SN 529-668)[cwm (+ bach)] ; [kum ba: x L. Evans] Tyr y Cum bach 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Cwmbach 1 766 Hendrefelen MSS, Cwmbach 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Cwm bach OOS 1 821 , Cwm-bach O S1 834, Cwm-bach OS 1 891 Cwrt -(SN 5 1 8-672)[cwrt] ; [kurt C . Jones] Cwrt 1 832PR Llansantfred Cwrt-y-banc -(SN 5 1 1 -657) [cwrt + y + bane] ; Cwrt-y-banc OS 1 891 In ruins [OS1904] . Cylch Cledan -(SN 5 1 5-668)[cylch + hn . Cledan] ; [krltkledan C. Jones] Cylch Cledan OS 1 982 A housing estate. Cylch-y-Uan -(SN 5 1 2-674)[cylch + y + llan] ; [krlx;� lan C. Jones] Cylch y Llan OS 1 982 A housing estate. Cylch Peris -(SN 5 1 8-673)(cylch + hn. Peris]; Cylch Peris OS 1 982 A housing estate. Cysgodion -(SN 546-65 1 )(cysgodion]; [ g:Jrwel , old name k�s'k:Jdj:m D. W. Jones] Cysgodion 1 924-26 CSRLS 22, Corwell OS 1 982 Derwent -(SN 505-658)[E.hn. Derwent]; [derwent C. Jones] Derwent OS 1 982 Dolau-Ciedan -(SN 5 1 0-667)[dolau + hn. Cledan]; [dole, now wudlanz C. Jones, wudlans R Richards] Dol Cledan, Dole Cledan 1 841TMS, Dolau-Clydan OS 1 89 1 , Vicarage OS1 904, Vicarage 0Sc. 1 950, Woodlands OS 1 982 Dugoed -(SN 526-668)(du + coed] ; [dig:Jd T. Morgan, L. Evans] Y Digoed 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Ydygod fach 1 766 Hendrefelen MS S, Digoed 1 788 Hendrefelen MSS, Digod 1 820PR Llansantfred, Dugoed OOS 1 82 1 , Dugod 1 823 Hendrefelen MSS, Dygod 1 823PR '

'

726

(48) ANHUNIOG Llansantfred, Dugoed OS 1 834, Dugoed OS 1 89 1 , Dagoedfach >1 895rent, Dugoed O S 1 904, Digoed OS 1 982 This could be interpreted as digoed 'without wood', but there is evidence for dugoed 'black wood', cf Dugoedydd (SN 77-41 , Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, Carms.), the significance of which may be 'dark woods' or 'dense woods', cf Gwngoed (32-a), the meaning 'evergreen woods' is also possible, cf nW. coed duon 'evergreen trees'. Efail-fach -(SN 547-668)[efail + bach] ; Efelfach 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Efail-fuch OS 1 89 1 Eglwys Nebo -(SN 547-657)[eglwys + tn. Nebo (48-a)] ; [siQken'bu:d W . Jones] Eglwys Dewi Sant, Nebo 1 990 Llan 06/07/90, Yr Eglwys Sine 1 990 Llan 06/07/90 This corrugated church was the original Eglwys Talbont (76-a) [ 1 991 Papur Pawb: 1 66 ] , but was removed to this site in 1 9 1 3 , to become a branch of Llansantfred (48-a) [ 1 990 Llan: 06/07/90] . "Yn anffodus fe gyfeirir ati yn ami, yn sarhaus, fel 'yr eglwys sine'. " [ 1 990 Llan: 06/07/90] . This was nicknamed Sincenbwd by some because its flrst members were 'frustrated' Methodists who had failed to be made blaenoriaid in Capel Nebo (48-a) [inf W. Jones ] (the meaning ofsincen in nearby Llannon was 'padell sine fawr' [ 1952 w. B. Davies: 281 ]). Felin -(SN 5 1 6-667)[y + melin] ; [velm C. Jones] Melin y Cwm ?? 1 629/30 Hendrefelen MSS, Y Felin (sign) Felin-fach -(SN 534-671 ) [y + melin + bach] ; [velm'va:z L. Evans] Y Feline newydd yngh Home Perish 1 63 5 Hendrefelen MSS, Velin newith y Cum Peris 1 673 Hendrefelen MSS, Velin neweth y Cum Peris 1 675 Hendrefelen MSS, Melin Cwm Peris 1 700/01 Hendrefelen MSS, Melin yr Alt Goche 1 72 1 /22 Hendrefelen MSS, Melin yr Alltgoche 1 788 Hendrefelen MSS, Velinvach 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfr&l, Y Felin fach OOS 1 82 1 , Felin fach 1 83 0PR Llansantfred, Alltgoch Mill 1 83 2PR Llansantfred, Felin-fach OS1 834, Felin fuch (Corn) OS 1 891 Ffatri -(SN 547-652)[ffatri] ; [o·l1 na fatri'wla:n, o:l1 fatri (desc.) D. W. Jones] inf Ffynnonlas -(SN 546-649)[ffynnon + glas] ; Ffynnon-las OS1 891 Fronfoei -(SN 5 1 3 -665)[y + bron + moel]; [vr�n·v�el L. Evans, br�n'v�jl C. Jones] Vron Voel 1 690rent f 1 1 , Vron Voyl 1 725 Crosswood MSS, Fronfoil 1 759 Crosswood MS S, Fronfoel 1 768rent Crosswood, Fronvoel 1 84 1 TMS, Fron-foel OS 1 891 Garn-fach -(SN 540-666)[y + earn (+ bach)] ; [garn'va:z T. Morgan, L. Evans] Caeubach (sic?) 1 788 Hendrefelen MSS, Cambach als. Curnbach 1 823 Hendrefelen MSS, Garnfach 1 827PR L1ansantfred, Garn-fach OS1 834, Garn-fuch OS1 891 Garn-fawr -(SN 549-655)[y + earn (+ mawr)] ; [garn'vowr A. Davies] Garn-fawr 1 791 sur map, Gam fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Garn-fawr OS1 834, Garn-fawr OS1 891 Garnfoei -(SN 5 1 7-642)[y + earn + moel]; [gar'v�jl Gr. Davies, garn'v�jl L. Edwards] Garnfoel 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Garn-y-foel OS 1 834, Garnvoel vach (prox.) 1 83 1PR Llansantfred, Gam Foel 1 84 1 TMS, Carn-foel OS 1 89 1 Cf Gaerfoel (25-a). Garregwen -(SN 542-648)[y + carreg + gwen]; Carregwen OS 1 982 Glan-yr-afon -(SN 5 1 0-67l )[glan + yr + afon] ; inf Glancledan -(SN 5 1 3-667)[glan + hn. Cledan] ; [glan'kle-dan C. Jones] Glancledan 1 841 TMS Glangors -(SN 5 1 9-642)[glan + y + cors] ; Glanygors 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Glan-gors OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cae Langors 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 Glan-y-mor -(SN 506-667)[glan + y + mor] ; Glany-mor 1 841 TMS Glanysig -(SN 505-657) [glan + hn Ysig]; [glan'�sig Gr. Davies, L. Evans, C. Jones, J. Jones] Glanysig OS 1 982 Cf Brysig-mawr (47-a). Goufron -(SN 53 9-670)[y + cau + bron] ; [g�jvr:m L. Evans] 727

( 48) ANHUNIOG Goifron 1 823PR Llansantfred, Geufron OS 1 834, Gifron cott. 1 841 TMS Geufron OS 1 891 ,

The Grange -(SN 5 1 9-676)[E. the + grange]; The Grange OS 1 982

Gwarffynnon -(SN 543-65 1 ) [gwar + y + ffynnon]; Gwerne y Ffynnon ? 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Gwarffynon 1 83 6PR Llansantfred, Gwaryffynon 1 84 1 TMS

Gwastad -(SN 5 1 7-672)[gwastad] ; [gwast;,d C. Jones] Gwastad 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Gwastod 1 820PR Llansantfred, Gwastod Cottage 1 984 CER vol. 2 p. 1 84, Gwastod 1 997 CN 02/01 /97 p. 1 0

Gwelfor -(SN 548-656)[gwel + mor] ; Gwelfor OS 1 982

Gwemllaeth -(SN 5 1 0-65 1 ) [gwern + y + llaeth] ; [wern'la:e L. Evans] Gwern y Llaeth 1 577rent £.29, Tythyn als. Tythinnod Gwerne y Llaeth 1 64 1 /42 Mynachdy MSS, Gwern y Llayth 1 690rent £. 1 4, Gwernllaeth 1 760CF, Gwernllaeth 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Gwern LHith 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Y Wern Llaeth OOS 1 8 1 9, Wern Llaith OS 1 834, Wern-llaith OS 1 89 1 , Wem­ llaeth OS 1 904 The mention of Wemlleithon [1814 NLW Deeds MS which was composed of more than one holding.

1 307] may be a collective name referring to Gwemllaeth,

Gwynfryn -(SN 521 -678) [gwyn + bryn] ; [gwmvrm L. Evans] Gwynfryn O S 1 982

Hafod-y-grug -(SN 5 5 5-65 1 ) [hafod + y + grug] ; [hav;,d;}'gri:g A Davies] Hafod-y-grug OS 1 834, Hafody Grug 1 84 1 TMS, Hafod-newydd (sic nom.) OS 1 891

Hafod-newydd -(SN 549-675)[hafod + newydd]; [hav;,d'newi() T. Morgan] Hafod newydd 1 841 TMS, Hafod-newydd OS 1 904

Hafodperis -(SN 5 50-672)[hafo d + hn. Peris]; [hav;,d'bens T. Morgan, hav;,d'peris L. Evans] (c) Pont Hafod Peris 1 803map J. Singer, Hafod Perris OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod-Peris OS 1 834, Hafod-Peris OS 1 89 1 , Hafodberis 1 9 1 3 J.Evans p. 89

Hafodwnnog-isa -(SN 556-659)[hafod + gwynnog (+ isaf)] ; [hav;,d ,un;,g 'i:sa A Davies] Havod Wnnog 1 754PR Llanrhystud, Havodwnog 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Hafod Wnog OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod­ wnog-isaf 0 S 1 834, Hafod Wng issa 1 84 1 TMS, Hafod-wynog-isaf OS 1 89 1

Hafodwnnog-ucha -(SN 5 5 7-655)[hafod + gwynnog ( + uchaf)] ; [hav;,d,un;,g ';}xa A . Davies] Havod Wnnog ycha 1 703 Hendrefelen MSS, Havod Wnnog ucha

1 72 1 /22 Hendrefelen MSS ,

Havodwenog ucha 1 78 8 Hendrefelen MSS , Hafod Wnog 1 793sur map, Hafod Wnog OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod­ wnog-uchaf O S 1 834, Hafod-wnog-ucha 1 83 5PR Llansantfred, Hafod Wnog ucha, Hafod Wng ucha 1 841 TMS, Hafod-wynog-uchaf OS 1 891

Yr Henfelin -(SN 5 1 5-667)[yr + hen + melin] ; [;},he:n'velm C. Jones] Com Mill OS 1 904 Stood opposite Bro-dawel garden [inf. C . Jones] . HenfTordd-fach -(SN 53 7-653)[tn Henffordd (+ bach)]; [henf;,r6'va:x D . W. Jones] Hen-ffordd-fach 1 83 8PR Llansantfred, Henffordd-:ffich OS 1 891

India -(SN 543-649)[tn. India]; India OS 1 89 1 , India O S 1 904, Morawel O S 1 982 Cf Yr India als. Bryndofedd (51-a).

James Close -(SN 5 1 2-673)[E.n. James + close] ; James Close OS 1 982

Jobin -(SN 536-652)[E.tn. Jobin [court] ] ; Jobbin 1 824PR Llanbadarn Odyn, Jobin Court 1 84 1 TMS Jobin Court OS 1 89 1 , Jobbin 1 924-26 CSRLS 22 ,

Laburnum Hall -(SN 5 1 9-641 )[E. laburnum + hall] ; [lab;}rfi;}m'ho:l L. Edwards] Laburnum Hall OS 1 982 The laburnum, originally an imported tree, is now common in the hedgerows of southern Cardiganshire, it has a lively bloom of yellow flowers, which accounts for its other English name golden chain (a calque of the latter has given Tresi-aur, 8 a), whilst euron, another name, is found in Euron (10-a), and possibly Bryneuron, 1 7-a); cf Jessamine als. Castell (27-a). -

Llain-fawr -(SN 547-663)[llain + mawr] ; [lajn'vowr C. Jones, iajn L. Evans] 728

(48) ANHUNIOG Llaine 1 749/50 Pengelli MS S, Llainyvrane ? 1 788 Hendrefelen MS S, Llainyvran ? 1 823 Hendrefelen MSS, Llain fawr 1 84 1 TMS, Llain-fawr OS 1 89 1 Llainprysg -(SN 5 1 7-67 1 )[llain + y + prys + -g] ; [iam'pnsk C . Jones] Llan y Prise 1 642 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lanprisc 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfr&l, Llanprisc 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Llanprisk 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Lanprisk 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Lanpisk 1 8 1 8PR Llansantfred, Glan Prise OOS 1 82 1 , Llanprics 1 821PR Llansantfred, Llanprisk > 1 895rent, Llanprisc 1 903 G.E.Evans p. l 77, Llan-prysg OS 1 904, (c) Llanprise 1 984 W.J.Lewis p.38 prox. Pontperis (48-b) [1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 77] . Llainwen -(SN 527-656)[llain + gwen] ; Llain-wen OS 1 89 1 LLANNON -(SN 5 1 4-668)[llan + pn. Non]; [ian':m Gr . Davies, T. Morgan] Randyrlannon c. l 2 1 5-29 in 1 946b J.C.Davies p. 3 57, Lanvon 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 257, Capell Llanon 1 733 Crosswood MS S, Llan Onn 1 755 GTM MSS p.42, Llanon 1 760CF, Cappel Lanon 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Lanon Village 1 793sur map, Llanon 1 803map J. Singer, Llannon 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.400, Llanon, Llannon, Lanon, Lannon 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Llanon OOS 1 8 1 9, Llanon village 1 841 TMS, 'hamlet' Llanon 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Llannon OS 1 89 1 , o Lan On 1 894 Cymru vol.6 p. 1 76, Llan On 1 899 Cymru vol. l 6 p. 3 5, Capel Non als. Llan Non, 'on site o f a house called' Homerton 1 98 1 M.Jones p.26 Though there hardly remains any indication of a chapel or church at the present-day, there is no doubt that there existed a religious site at Llannon, cf the remains of an ancient chapel [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 297] ; "Meyrick mentions the chapel here dedicated to St. Non, which he says was in a pointed style of architecture. A sculptured stone, apparently representing the Virgin and Child, built into the wall of a barn in the village, possibly came from this chapel. It is traditionally said believed by the people in this district to be the effigy of St. Non and the infant St. David. I The remains of the chapel are still standing and also the chaplain's house. " [ 1 897 AC : 165-66] ; ruins of Capelnon in Llannon [1 903 G. E. Evans: 176) ; "There was a stone on the exterior wall of the ruins of St. Non's Chapel, on which was carved the face of a woman with a child in her arms, traditionally reputed to be that of Non and her child David. " [ 191 1 J. c. Davies: 325] ; " There is a persistent tradition at Llannon . . . that S David was born here. . . . and David is said, in after years, apportioned the Morfa among the poor fishermen of the place. " [1913 LBS: 4.22 ] (see sub Moifa-esgob, 48-b ); all that is now left of Capel Non is a small ruin of rough stones behind the post office [1984 W. J. Lewis: 3; inf. c. Jones]; on site of carpenter's workshop (the 'museum') in Francis Square (inf. c. Jones] ; site of Capelnon on the site of the house called Homerton [1 981 M. Jones: 26] . There was a Ffynnon Non (prox. Capelnon) [1 91 3 LBS: 4.22], (at the foot of Allt-y-grach, 48-b) [1 981 M. Jones: 26], as well as an unlocated piece of land called (c) Ergid Non in Morfa-esgob (48-b) [ 1649 Cmt-mawr MSS] . P. 6 Riain [1 994: 390, 394] believes Llannon may simply mean 'church of the ash(-trees)', and it is true that neither the spellings nor the pronunciation of this particular Llannon enable us to discern the pn. Non from onn 'ash'. However, I feel that the interpretation 'church of Non' is likelier to be correct, as the three Llannon toponyms in existence would otherwise seem to be the only Welsh llan names qualified by the specifity of the surrounding vegetation, except, perhaps Llansbyddaid (Brees.) 'church of the hawthorn(-trees)' (Llanfedw being the Glamorganshire portion of the parish of Monmouthshire parish of Llanfihangel-yfedw, was most probably a shortened version of the full name of the parish, and all examples of Llanwern referring to gwern with the meaning 'swamp', not 'alders'). G[wyl] Nonnfam Ddewi on the third ofMarch [1 500¥2 Dem . Calend. ] . The name Non (MW. Nann), is traditionally held to be that of Dewi's mother, but the genuineness of the account of Dewi's parentage has been doubted, his mother and his father being respectively called Nonnita and Sanctus in his Latin Life [c.1099(1200) Uita Sancti Dauid: 1 5 1] , or Non and Sant in his Welsh Life [1 346 Buched Dewi: 2 ], one being a king, the other being a virgin or a nun. P. 6 Riain [1 994: 385] believes the parents of Dewi according to this account "are clearly fabricated", and gives another reason to be wary of the genuineness of Non's credentials: "Even the day of her feast, 3 March, obviously depended on the day of her celebrated son which fell on 1 March. " [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 394]. The name Non is certainly found at Eglwysnon (St David) [1 993 PN Pembs: 300, 318 ], and there is another Llannon, a parish church, in Carmarthenshire, and Lunnon, a chapelry in Ilston (Glams.) ( 1 %9a M. Richards: 135], but Eglwysnon may be suspected of being a relatively late coining, being near the main church of her son Dewi, and all three Llannon may also be suspected of being relatively late coinings, as they are found in the bishopric of St Davids, whose patron saint was Dewi. In fact, the land around Llannon was given to the bishop of St Davids by Rhys Ieuanc ab Grufudd ab Rhys (t 1 222) [c. 1215-29 in 1 946b J. c. Davies: 357], and it is not inconceivable that the name Llannon was coined by the authorities of St Davids following 729

(48) ANHUNIOG the acquisition of the land. The name Non if it is indeed derived from Latin was equated with nonna 'nun', however if it could be shown that Non was the name of an older saint, and not just invented wholesale for Dewi's Life, then it could just as well be derived from L. nonnus (the masculine of nonna) which meant 'senior monk', which was even applied to the Pope at one time [RMWL s.v. nonnla] . The suspicion of a male rather than a female saint as archetype of Non is fuelled by the Latin version of the name - Nonnita which has been supposed to be the name contained in Eglwysnynnid (Margam, Glams.), and Llanddewi Ystradnynnid (Rads.). M Richards [ 1967-70: 95, 1 38] is suspicious of this, as the documents make Nynnid male rather than female, and he suspects a Celtic derivation from nen, comparing Nynnid with Nynio, as a pair of hypocoristic names comparable to Pebid and Peibio. A place-name which might contain the pn. Non, and does not seem to be imputable to the power of the cult of Dewi in Wales is the Breton place­ name Dirinon (Finistere), which seems to stand cognate to W. deri + pn. Non. This old parish was equated with Sanctae Nonnitae as early as 1 2 1 8 [1 990 B. Tanguy: 61], but one may suspect the influence of the cult of Dewi and his mother Non at work The pronunciation is £S"diri'non [1 992 F. Favereau: 558] (to rhyme with Favereau's onn on), hence the spelling in Breton as Dirinonn. Other places mentioned in connection with Non in Brittany by [1 909 J. Loth: 152] may - just as in Welsh - contain the common noun ann 'ash'. This is certainly the case with Crec'h Nann which is in reality Krec'h an Onn 'hill of the ash(-trees)' (Begard, Cotes­ d'Annor); and probably the case of Lennon (Finistere), the Breton toponymist B. Tanguy [1 990: 1 16] doubts whether this name contains Non. The toponym Lannon (Bannalec, Finistere), could equally stand for *Lann an Onn 'the moor of the ash(-trees)', or *Lann Nann 'the church of Nonn'. There is evidence for Non in south-western Britain, e.g. sta Nann honoured at Bradford (Devon) [1 909 J. Loth: 1 52], which can be envisaged as a relatively recent coining. The identification Non's name in Altarnun (Com.) is strengthened to its lying adjacent to Davidstow als. Dewstow named after Dewi [ 1 988 o. I. Padel: 50, 77]. Though I do not believe that Llannon contains onn either as a common noun, or as a personal-name * Onn, I believe it is important to demonstrate how the term onn seems to have been relatively productive in Brittonic personal-names, especially - it would seem - female personal-names, viz. OW.tn. Cum Onnviu [c. l l40 LL: 140], tn. Merthir Onbrit, Petram Onnbrit [c. l l40 LL: 43, 189] ; f pn. Onbraust [c.l 140 LL: 140] ; OC.pns. Onncum, Onwen/Onwean/Onnwuen, Oncenedl!Ongynethel [ l oth_nthcent. Bodm.Manu. ] ; Saint Onneau (Esquibien, Finistere) [1909 J. Loth: 1 53, 3 18] ; Sainte Onenne (Trehorenteuc, Morbihan); Logonna (Quimerch, Daoulas, Finistere) [ 1 909 J. Loth: 1 53]. The village of Llannon was divided into three parts, Llannon itself (including the ruined chapel), Penrheol, Llainprysg [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 77] . Comprising: 1 ) Arddbori, 2) Seilo, 3) Cylchcledan, 4) Cylchperis, 5) Fronfoel, 6) Glancledan, 7) Llainprysg, 8) Maesgwyn, 9) Marion Villa, 10) Penlon, 1 1) Pennsylvania, 12) Penbont, 13) Turnpike, 14) Waun-fuch, 1 5) Whitehall Inn. Llansantfred -(SN 5 1 2-674)[llan + tit. sant + f.pn. Bred] ; (1-ansan'fre:d A Davies, L. Evans, D. W. Jones, pentre,iansan'fre:d C. Jones] Lansafrei 1 1 5 8-65a( 1 308) cart. S lebech, Lansanfreyt 1 23 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 363, (ec) Lancefret 1 23 1 (c. 1 603) {v. l. G.Owen} in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p.362, Lansanfred 1 284 CalChartR p. 275, Lansanfred 1291 Tax.Eccl. p.273, Lansenfreyd 1291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Lansenfred 1 300 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 77, Lassamfred 1 3 04 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p. 279, Lansanfrayd 'by' Morna mawer 1 394 CalPR p.495, Llansanfred 1 399 ERSt-David p. 1 3 2, Llansanfrede 1 400 ERSt-David p. 1 78, Llansantfrede 1 493 ERSt­ David p. 648 Llansanctfred 1 5 1 7 ERSt-David p. 826, Llanseyntfrede 1 53 5 VE p.396, Llansaintfryde 1 547 NLW MS 291 2 p.9, Llansantffreed 1 560/6 1 Crosswood MSS, Llann Sain Ffred y Morva mawr 1 565 W. Cynwal, Ll. San Ffraid c. 1 566EPC, Llan San Fret 1 574 in 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 77, Llansanfrayde 1 578map C. Saxton, Ll. San Ffred 1 590-91EPC, Llansanffred 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Llansanffred 1 598 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Llansaintffred 1 598 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lanfrafrei c. 1 600 Slebech MS 247 in 1 948 B.G. Charles p. 1 94, Lan Sanfred 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.464, Llansanfread 1 609 Prob. St-David, Llanssantffread 1 63 8/3 9 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llansaintfreid 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS, i Lan Sant Ffraid >1667 Itin. R Vaughan p . 849, Llansanfred 1 673 Hendrefelen MSS, Llansanfreyd 1 675 Hendrefelen MSS, Llansaintfraed 1 680 Crosswood MS S, Llansanctffred 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llansaintfred 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 3 4-37, Llansaintfred 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Llansanfred 1 724/25 Plas Llangoedmor MS S, Llansanfread 1 727 CD, Llansantfread 1 746 Crosswood MS S, Llansaintffread 1 749/50 Pengelli MSS, Llansanfrayd 1 760map E.Bowen, Llansantread 1 760CF, Llans1ffred 1 764 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 33 1 , Llans. tfred 1 770PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Chlansanfraid 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Llansaint Ffraed Village 1 793sur map, Llan St. Fraid 1 799EPC, Llan Saint Ffraid 1 803map J. Singer, Llansantfred 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 400, Llansaintfraid 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l38, Llansantfraid OOS 1 8 1 9, -

730

(48) ANHUNIOG Llan

st .

Fread 1 825map Morfa-esgob, Llansant:ffraid OS 1 834, Llansaintfread 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi

vol. l p. 1 , Llansaintfraed 1 84 1 TMS, Llansant:ffraid, St. Ffraid's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1

Braid o r Sant Fraid - most usually written Sanjjiuid - i s the Welsh version o f the Irish saint Bride or Brigit. The 01. Brigit was borrowed into Welsh in the form *Bregit, attested as late OW. Breit, from which MnW. *Braid is the regular reflex. J. Rhys [1 888 Gerrinen: 217] explained that this name became Ffraid as in San Ffraid, as pump-ddeg became pymtheg [1 888 Gerrinen: 217], early attestations of this being, Lann Sanfreit [c.l l 40 LL: 275], MW Sanffreid [c. 1250 BBC: 57] , pn. Wasamfreyd (swWales) [1292 subsidy: 229]. In the case of Llanfred (74-a) and Llansanifred (48-a) we have Bred bre:d, and Sanifred san'fre:d, not Sanifraid san'frajd. H. Owen [1936: 4.465] had noted that Ffred was the Cardiganshire form of Ffraid, which is found in the plant-name Cribau Sant Ffred (Troedrour) (1 93 8 WFM M S 165011 1 : 1 45). The form Sanifred san'fre:d was i n fact found throughout southern Wales, e.g. the church of Llansanifred Cwmteuddwr (Rads.), was noted Llansanffred 1 640, Llansanfread 1 71 0, Llansainifread 1 75 5 being typical forms, as well as Lhan St. Fred [1 722 E. Lhuyd: 699], forms with -ffraid first appearing with the 1 820 OS map [1 980 I. DafYdd: I ] ; Llansantfred (Brees.), i lansan'fre:d (Cwmcrawnon dialect, Brees .) [1 959 WFM tape 185/a], Lhan St. Fred [1722 E. Lhuyd: 706]; Llansanifred-ar-Lai (G1ams.) is �lansan'fre:d ( 1 993 TN: 1 .220]; the notation of Llansanifred-ar-Ogwr (Glams.) as lansan'frred [1 973 P. w. Thomas: 866] is likely to be either a mistranscription or a hapax form for iansan'fre:d (the southernmost attestation of the northern form in toponymy is Llansanifraid-ym-Mechain (Monts.) which is iansan'frajd). The origin of the southern Welsh form Bred from OW. Bregit (cf late OW. Lann Sant Breit [c. l l40 LL: 263] for Llansantfred-ar-Lai (G1ams.), is best explained as due to an originally slight variation in the quality of the second vowel of OW. *Bregit, leading to northern MW *Breit, but southern MW *Breyt. The occasional confusion between and in Middle Welsh is well-known, and we must suppose that southern MW *Breyt fluctuated with *Breet, which would be the direct ancestor of sW. Bred, Santfred (the same variation is attested in the MW clehyr 'gadflies', which gave nW. clj)r, but sW. cler [GPC s.v. cler] - the monophthongisation of *cleyr in northern Welsh is comparable to nW. gwe(h)ydd ----+ gwi: 1 895rent, Llawdwr OS 1 904 The second syllable of this name does not represent

sowdul, awdl ----+ owdol, awdr ----+ owdwr.

dWr

sawdl ----+ llawdr 'breeches, hose',

'water', but a svarabhakti vowel, cf

At first this would seem to represent

possibly referring to the shape of the holding of land, or the spur delineated by the rivers Cledan and Peris. The Breton semantic cognate W.

llawdr

MnB . loer 'hose', MB lozr- [GMB : 377],

though obviously related to

is not a regular phonetic correspondent, which would demand W.

compared to B.

loen ) .

A more regular Breton cognate to

'alluvium', to which we might compare I.

lathrach

Llawdr would

be

'puddle, muddy pool', and

*llwdr!llodr (cf W. llwdn leur (MB. leuzr), meaning lathach 'mud, slush; slime';

this meaning is may be judged more befitting and appealing as one of a place-name. There may also be a

llodre, a known toponymic element of uncertain meaning, though it seems to be a lathrach 'site, position' (a derivative of /athar 'arrangement, disposition; place, position' [DIL s.v. lathar, Iathrach]. Whatever meaning, the expected pronunciation for this place would be *iowdur, as indicated by the 1 84 1 spelling; Pencwm (48-a) is the name of two neighbouring holdings. The field (c8) Cae Llawdwr (Pengraig land, 5 1-a) was named after "a man called John Llawdwr who made the hedge in the field about 1 876. Llawdwr is the name of a place near Nebo Llannon, and John Llawdwr lived here. " [1 92lmap M.Jones]. Llidiard-dwr -(SN 5 55-649)[llidiard + dWt-] ; connection with W. cognate of I.

Llidiart y Dwr 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Llidiart-dwr OS 1 834, Lidiart y Dwr 1 83 9TMS Llanbadarn Trefeglwys This could be understood as meaning 'floodgate' ( cf

BwlchdWr, 47-a),

but its site is at the junction of two

separate pieces of commonland by the river Cledan, so that the meaning is likely to have been '(mountain-

73 1

(48) ANHUNIOG )gate of the water (i.e. Cledan)'. These commons of the lordship of Anhuniog were unenclosed until 1 8 1 6. Lluest-fach -(SN 543-654)[lluest (+ bach)] ; [li·est'va:x, D. W. Jones] Tir y Llyest vach 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Lluest-fach 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Llyast fach 18 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog Lluestfain -(SN 5 1 6-658) [lluest + main] ; Llyestfain 1 759 Crosswood MSS, Llyestfain 1 768rent Crosswood, Blaen Lluest (sic loc.) OOS 1 821 , Llyast Faen 1 841 TMS This is main 'thin', not maen 'stone', as the holding was composed of an elongated stretch of land, descending parallel to the road, between the land of Tryal-bach (48-a) and Penty-parc (48-a) [1781 sur map]. Lluest-hen -(SN 543-654)[lluest (+ hen)]; [ie:st'he:n L. Evans, iiest'he:n D. W. Jones] Tir y Lluest ? 1 7 1 0 GTM MSS p. 39, Llyaste ? 1 725 Crosswood MSS, Lluest ? 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Llast Herre 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Lluest-hir (sic) 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Lluast Hen 1 820PR Llansantfred, Lluest Hen OOS 1 821 , Lluest-hen OS 1 834, Llyast Hen, Llyash Hen 1 841 TMS, Lluest-hen OS 1 89 1 , Llyasthen >1 895rent Lluestmaenllwyd -(SN 539-655)[lluest + y + maen + llwyd] ; [Hest'ma:n D. W. Jones] Lluastmaenllwyd 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfroo, Lluastmanllwyd 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Llast Maenllwyd 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Lluast-man-gwyn (prox. ) 1 823PR Llansantfred, Lluest-maen-llwyd OS 1 834, Llyast-maenllwyd, Llyast Maen 1 84 1 TMS, Lluest-y-maen OS 1 891 Lluestrhos -(SN 536-656)[11uest + y + rhos] ; [iest�'hro:s L. Evans, Hest'ro:s D. W. Jones] Lluastyrhose 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Llastyrhos 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Glanrhose 1 823PR Llansantfred, Glanrhos-fach (prox. ) 1 826PR Llansantfred, Lluest-y-rhos OS1 834, Llyash Shop, Llyast Rhos 1 84 1 TMS, Lluest-y-rhos OS 1 89 1 , Glanrhos als. Lliestrhos >1 895rent Maeseglwys -(SN 5 1 2-674) [maes + yr + eglwys] ; [mas'eglus C. Jones] Maes yr Eglwys 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p. 295, Maes-eglwys 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Maeseglws, "Maesreglwys, 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Maes-eglwys 1 821 PR Llansantfred, Maes yr Eglwys 1 841 TMS , Maesyreglwys > 1 895rent Maesgwyn -(SN 5 1 5-674) [maes + gwyn]; [mas'kwm T. Morgan, mas'gwm L. Evans, D. M. Jones] Maes Gwyn 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p.295, Maes Gwyn 1 723 MRichardson MSS p. 296, Mas Gwyn Farm 1 796 Alltlwyd MSS, Maes Gwynne 1 809 Alltlwyd MSS, Maesgwyn 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Maes-gwyn OS 1 834, Maesgwynne 1 841 TMS, Maes-gwyn OS1 891 Marion Villa -(SN 5 1 3-672)[E.fpn. ? + villa] ; [ marj�n'vila C. Jones] Marrion Villa OS 1 89 1 , Marion Villa OS1 904 The area between Marion Villa and Llansantfred (48-a) was named saj 'bi·rja by seamen because of the cold sea wind that blew thereabouts [inf. C. Jones] . Melingledan -(SN 537-654) [melin + hn Cledan] ; [kled an mrl D. W. Jones] Cledan Mill 1 84 1 TMS, Felin-cledan OS 1 891 , Felin-clydan OS1 904, Cledan OS1 982 Melin Maesgwyn -(SN 5 1 6-673)(melin + tn. Maesgwyn (48-a)] ; [velm C. Jones] Molendini Lansanfred 13 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. l O p. 1 46, Melin y Maes Gwynn 1 653 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Melin y Maes Gwynn 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p.295, Maesgwyn Mill 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Maesgwynne Mill 1 827PR Llansantfred, Felen Maesgwyn 1 83 1PR Llansantfred, Maesgwynne Old Mill 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Felin (Peris) 1 982 CER vol.9 p. 1 84 It lay behind Ysgoldy [inf. C. Jones]. Melinmor -(SN 508-667)[melin + y + mor] ; [velm'vo:r C. Jones] Molendinum Morva ? 1 577rent £30, 'mills' Morva mawr ? 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones (1 955) p. 91, Morva Mill ? 1690rent f. 1 1 , Mill 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Melin Mor OOS 1 8 1 9, Velin Mor 1 826PR Llansantfred, Velin y More 1 828PR Llansantfred, Melin-y-mor OS1 834, Velin-y-more 1 83 1PR Llansantfred, Felyn y Mor 1 841 TMS, Felin-fOr OS 1 89 1 , Felin-fOr (sic loc.) OS 1 904, Felin-fOr 0Sc. 1 950, Felinrnor OS 1 982 Mona-mawr -(SN 503-656)[morfa + mawr] ; [m�rva'mowr J. Jones, L. Evans, C. Jones] Morva 1 202(1 336) cart. Ystradfllur, Y Morva > 1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Morva maur > 1282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfllur, Morvamaur c. 1 286 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 91 , Morua maur 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Morna mawer 1 394 CalPR p.495, Morvamawr 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p. 476, Y Morva mawr c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 80, Morva mowr 1 633rent £ 1 , Morva mawr 1 690rent f. l l , Morva mawr 1 759 Crosswood MSS, '

732

(48) ANHUNIOG Morva 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 400, Morfa mawr 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Morfa mawr 008 1 8 1 9, Morfa 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Morfa-mawr 0 8 1 834, Morfa-mawr 0 8 1 89 1

Morfa-ucha -(SN

505-659) [morfa ( + uchaf)] ;

[m�rva';lx,a L .

Evans]

Morfa ucha 1 83 1PR Llansantfred, Morfa-uchaf O S 1 834, Morfa-uchaf 0 S l 89 1

Mownt -(SN NEBO

5 1 6-668)[E. mount] ;

[mownt, mownt'ba:x, (prox. )

C. Jones]

inf -(SN 546-65 1 )[tn.

[Capel]

Nebo

(48-a)] ; [nebo

inf ]

Nebo 1 8 33PR L1anbadarn Trefeglwys, Nebo 08 1 89 1 Comprising: 1) Capel Nebo, 2) Crossbill (47-a), 3) Ffatri, 4) Gorwel, 5) New � 6) Pendre, 7) Penlonlas, 8) Penrhiw, 9) Talbont, 10) Talbont-fach. Neuadd -(SN 5 1 4-668)[neuadd] ; [neja6'wen, neja() C. Jones] Neyadd vawr 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Newadd 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Noyadd 1 83 3PR Llansantfred, Neuadd-wen 1 982 CER vol. 9 p. 1 84

New Inn

- (SN 546-653)[E . new + inn] ;

[iiest'Ix,a in the deeds D.

W. Jones]

New In ? 1 629/30 Hendrefelen MS S, Newe Inne ? 1 63 5 Hendrefelen MSS, New Inn ? 1 673 Hendrefelen MS S, New Inn ? 1 760CF, New Inn 1 803map J. S inger, New Inn 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, New­ Inn 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, New Inn 008 1 82 1 , Cross

{Newin

deleted} 1 826PR Llansantfred, Newin

1 830PR, Newin 1 83 5PR Llansantfred, New Inn 0 8 1 89 1 The earlier name seems t o have been i n the village of Llannon, but this site seems t o have been associated with the turnpike road between Talsarn and Llanrhystud, as it lay near the 1 2m milestone ( 1 2m both to Aberystwyth and Llanbedr) just like New Inn (Pencader, Carms.) which was built alongside the turnpike road, halfway between Carmarthen and Llanbedr.

Pant -(SN 550-659)[pant] ; Pant 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Pant 1 841 TMS

Pantamlwg -(SN 542-663 )[pant + anamlwg] ; [pant'amlug

T. Morgan,

pantan'amlug

L. Evans]

Pantamlwg 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Pantnamlwg 1 8 1 8PR Llansantfred, Pant yn Amlwg 008 1 82 1 , Pant­ amlwg 1 823PR Llansantfred, Pantnamlwg 1 825PR Llansantfred Pant-yn-amlwg 08 1 83 4, Pantanamlwg, Pant

An

Amhog 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-anamlwg 08 1 89 1 , Pantynamlwg >1 895rent, Banamlwg 'colloquially'

1 952 W. B.Davies p. 276 " . . . yn lle'r enw iawn 'Pantanamlwg' er y gallai mai Banamlwg oedd y ffurf ar y cychwyn. "

Davies: 276] . Pant-y-beddau -(SN 5 83 -643)[pant + y + beddau]; [pant;l'be()e J . A

[ 1952 W. B.

Hopkins]

Pant-y-beddau OS 1 89 1 C f Brynbeddau (47-a). Pant-hwilog -(SN 521 -667)[ ? + chwilog] ; [pant'wibg

L. Evans]

Badchwilog, Batchwilog 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Battwhilog 1 680 Crosswood MSS , Pantwylog 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Pant Whilog 008 1 8 1 9, Pantwhilog 1 820PR Llansantfred, Patuilog 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, Pant-y-whilog O S 1 834, Pantnhilog, Bantwhilog 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-wilog OS 1 89 1 , Pant-wilog 0Sc. 1 950, Panthwylog 08 1 982

M Richards [ 1 961 : 94] derives this from an original *Bodchwilog, which is feasible, but given the forms we have, I am not so confident of this. The forms bad-, bat- (the bat- form may be due to conflation with the initial of -hwilog), are obscure, but by the early nineteenth century this obscurity was banished by being reanalysed as the common element pant 'hollow'. The second element may indeed be chwilog 'guillemot' as suggested by B. Williams [1 878] , but in view of the fact that the frrst element remains obscure, it is best not to settle on this as a fact. The tn. Cwmhwilog (64-a) refers to a stream-name Hwilog. Pantrodyn-isa -(SN 543 -665) [pant + yr + odyn (+ isat)]; [pant,r�dm'isa T. Morgan, L. Evans] Pant yr Odyn 1 760CF, Pant yr Odyn 1 793sur map, Pen Rodyn 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Pant Roden 008 1 82 1 ,

Pantyrodin

1 823PR Llansantfred,

Pantrodyn

1 83 5PR Llansantfred,

Pant-yr-odyn-isaf

OS 1 89 1 , ym Mhantrodyn 1 979 J.R. Rees p. l 3

Pantrodyn-ucha -(SN 546-66 1 )[pant + yr + odyn ( + uchat)] ; [pant,r�dm';lx,a T.

Morgan, L . Evans]

Cefen Penyrodyn 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Cefen-Pantrodyn 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, Cefn-Pantrodyn 1 829PR Llansantfred, Pant-yr-odyn-uchaf OS 1 891

Pant-yr-oerfa -(SN

53 5-65 1 ) [pant + yr + oerfa] ;

The Tower 1 84 1 TMS, Tower Cottage 08 1 89 1 , Pantyrorfa 0 8 1 904

733

(48) ANHUNIOG Pant-teg -(SN 5 1 8-67l )[pant + teg] ; Ipant'te:g C. Jones] Frondolau O S 1 982 Pare -(SN 540-650)[parc] ; [park A Davies] Park 1 84 1 TMS, Pare OS 1 89 1 Penbanc(i) -(SN 551 -665)(Nebo) [pen + y + bane] ; Penbank 1 805PR Llansantfred, Penybank 1 821PR Llansantfred, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 Penbanc(ii) -(SN 5 1 1 -673)(Llansantfred)[pen + y + bane]; [pen'baiJk C . Jones] inf Penbont(i) -(SN 5 1 4-666)(Llannon)[pen + y + pont]; [pen�'b:mt C. Jones] Pontbren Llanon 1 598 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen Pombpren Llanon 1 598 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ben Pompren Llanon 1 5 99 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen y Bont ? 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p.9 1 , Penbont 1 81 6PR Llansantfred, Penbontfach 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Pont fach OOS 1 8 1 9, Bont ? 1 822PR Llansantfred, Penypont 1 827PR Llansantfred, Bontfach 1 828PR Llansantfred, Pont fach OS 1 834, Bont fach 1 841 TMS, Pen-y-bont OS1 89 1 This name refers to Pont Llannon (48-b) . Penbont(ii) -(SN 546-652)(Nebo)[pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b:mt D. W. Jones] Pen y Bont (sic loc.) 1 803map J. Singer, Penbont 1 924-26 CSRLS 22 Penbrynpoeth -(SN 522-650) [pen + bryn + poeth]; [penbrm'p:)ee L. Evans, penbrm'poeS C. Jones] Penbrynpoeth 1 81 8PR Llansantfroo, Pen Bryn Poith 1 841 TMS, Pen-bryn-porth OS 1 89 1 , Penbrynpoeth OS1 904 Pencnwc -(SN 546-65 1 )[pen + y + cnwc]; [k:)kus'a:mz D. W. Jones] Penycnuk 1 821PR Llansantfred, Penycnwc 1 824PR Llansantfred, Pencnwc 1 836PR Llansantfred, Pen­ cnwc O S 1 89 1 , Chapel OS 1 982 This was a house stood just s of the present Capel Nebo (48-a), and was in ruins by 1 904 [OS1904]; Capel Nebo was rebuilt on this site bet. 1 904-82 [OS1904; OS1982]. It was derived by my informant from E. cock + goose [inf D. w. Jones], but I believe this is likelier to represent cock-house, as with the unlocated Cocos in Llangwrddon parish, k:)kos [inf E. Evans], which was written Cock House [1829PR Llangwrddon], Cock­ house [1 832PR L1angwrddon], presumably with reference to cock-fighting. Pencwm-isa -(SN 522-665)(pen + y + cwm (+ isaf)]; [penkom'isa L. Evans, penkum'Isa D. W. Jones] Pen-cwm-isaf OS 1 891 Pencwm-ucha -(SN 527-662) [pen + y + cwm (+ uchaf)] ; [penkum·�xa L. Evans] Pen-cwm 1 821PR Llansantfred, Pencwm 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-cwm-uchaf OS1 891 See Llawdr (48-a). Pendre(i) -(SN 546-650)(Nebo)[pen + y + tre:fJ ; Pentref, Pentre ? 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Pentre OOS 1 821 , Pen y Dre 1 83 1 PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pentre (al. loc.) O S 1 834, Pendre 1 836PR Llansantfred, Pentre OS 1 891, Pen-dre OS1 904, Pendre 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 73, Pendre OS 1 982 Pendre(ii) -(SN 5 1 7-671 )(Llannon) [pen + y + trefJ; [pen'dre: C. Jones] in£ Penfagwyr-isa -(SN 533-655)[pen + y + magwyr (+ isaf)]; Pen-y-fagwyr-isaf OS 1 891 Penfagwyr-ucha -(SN 532-655)[pen + y + magwyr (+ uchaf)] ; [pen'vagur L. Evans] Penyfagwr 1 8 1 8PR Llansantfred, Penyfagwyr OS 1 834, Penfagwyr, Penyfagwyr 1 833PR Llansantfred, Penfar Gwr 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-y-fagwyr-uchaf OS1 89 1 Pengarreg -(SN 542-648)[pen + y + carreg] ; [peiJ'gareg Gr. Davies] Llechgron 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Pen y Garreg 1 841TMS, Pen-careg OS 1 891, Pengareg 1 902 WGaz. 69, Llechgron OS1 982 Refers to Llechgron (47-b). Penglanfair -(SN 5 1 5-679)[pen + glan + f.pn. Mair]; [penlan'vajr C. Jones] Glanvair 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyast-llanvair ? 1 772 Crosswood MSS , Penllain-fair 1 83 0PR Llansantfred, Penlanfayr 1 83 3PR Llansantfred, Penlanfair 1 836PR Llansantfred This place-name is curious for combining glan 'hill; bank' with the religious name Mair 'Mary (mother of Jesus)'. There is no obvious rising of the ground in the vicinity that would justify the word in either meaning of 'hill' or 'river-bank'. It hardly seems likely that Penlanfair represents an original Llanfair, 734

( 48) ANHUNIOG because: 1 ) the great majority of these names are pronounced lanver and not 4an'vajr; and 2) because its site is too close to the site of the original chapel of Llannon, though note the Carmarthenshire

fair's

Eglwys­ Eglwys Fair a Churig, pointing to a double dedication. I am somewhat puzzled by of lluest in the form of 1 772, as this is a term usually associated with mountainous, and

full name was

the appearance

hilly terrains, not associated with the most fertile agricultural stretch of Cardiganshire.

Pengraig -(SN 544-652)[pen + y + craig] ; Penygraig

1 829PR Llansantfred, Pengraig 1 83 6PR Llansantfred, Pen Graig 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-graig

08 1 89 1

Pengro-fawr -(SN 521 -685) [pen + y + gro + mawr] ; Pen Gro fawr 008 1 82 1 , Pen-y-gro-fawr 08 1 834 Cf Tuy yn y Roe [ 1 680 Crosswood MSS] ; Tuy yn y Rod [1694 Crosswood MSS; 1714 Crosswood MSSJ. Pengyrdd -(SN 5 27-665)[pen + y + gyrdd] ; [pen'g�r� L. Evans] Pengyrdd 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Pen-y-girdd 1 8 1 8PR, Pen-y-girdd 1 820PR Llansantfred, Pen-y-gyrdd 08 1 89 1 , Pen-gyrdd 0 8 1 904 The term gyrdd is a plural of gordd 'mallet, sledge-hammer', though the significance of the name remains obscure; cf (c) Penygyrdd (14-unloc.) [c.1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 117] . Penrheoi -(SN 5 1 5-670) [pen + yr + heol] ; [pen'hrewl C . Jones] Penrhewl 1 83 5PR Llansantfred, Penrheol 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 77, PH OS 1 982, Central Hotel (sign)

Penlan -(SN 509-653)(Gwernllaeth) [pen + y +

glan];

[pen'lan L.

Evans]

Pen y Lan 1 63 8/39 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Pen y Lann 1 694 Crosswood MS S, Penylann 1 75 5 GTM MSS p. 42, Penlan 008 1 8 1 9, Pen-Ian OS 1 834, Pen-Ian O S 1 8 9 1

Penlan-fach -(SN 522-680)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; Penlan fach 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Penlanlwyd ? 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Penlan 008 1 8 1 9, Penlan Uls (sic loc.) 008 1 82 1 , Pen-Ian OS 1 8 34,

(c342) Cae Pen Lan fach 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-lan-:Iach O S 1 8 9 1 on Alltlwyd-ucha land (48-a) [1 838TMS].

Along with Penlan-odyn this was a cottage

Penlan-odyn -(SN 526-685)[pen + y + glan (+ yr + odyn)] ; (c336) Cae Penlan yr Odyn 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-Ian OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-odyn 08 1 904 The odyn isn likely to refer to the lime-kilns ofAberstrincell als. Graiglas (48-a) Penlan-ogledd -(SN 529-680)[pen + y + Ian (+ gogledd ? )] ; Penlanogle 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred, Panlan-ogle 1 825PR Llansantfred, Penlan-ogleu 1 828PR Llansantfred, Pen-Ian O S 1 834, Penlanoglau, Penlan Olglan 1 84 1 TMS The meaning of

-ogle

in this name seems to be

(ar)oglau

'smell', usually treated as

Cardiganshire Welsh (though this form has been largely superseded by

smel

rhoglau in

in contemporary usage), a

jocular coining. This name seems to contain

gogledd 'north' in which case it would be the northern Penlan in the parish of Llansantfred as opposed to Penlan(i) (48-a) near Gwemllaeth (48-a), some 3 km to the sw (this was a holding of some 34 acres, whilst the nearby Penlan-fach and Penlan-odyn were simply cottages of Alltlwyd-ucha land, 48-a). The loss of final here would be its northernmost attestation, and would be somewhat more tentative if it not for the fact that the other two examples of Penlan with -ogle can also be opposed to a more southerly Pen/an, viz. Penlan-ogledd (27-a) and Penlan-ogledd als. Penlan-fach(ii) (22-a).

Penllyn

-(SN 5 1 6-672) [pen + y + llyn] ; Penllyn 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Maesllyn ? 1 894 J.Evans p. 90

The llyn refers to the mill pond Melin Maesgwyn (48-a). Penlon - (SN 5 1 7-674)[pen + y + Ion] ; (pen'lo:n T. Morgan, L. Evans] Penyloane 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p. 295, Penlone Farm 1 796 Alltlwyd MSS , Pen Lon 1 803map J. Singer, Penylone 1 809 Alltlwyd MS S, Penlone 1 8 1 4PR Llansantfred, Penlan 008 1 82 1 , Penlon 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-y-lon 08 1 89 1 , Penylone > 1 895rent, Pen-Ion OS 1 904

Penlonlas

-(SN 545-649)[pen + y + lon + glas] ;

Penlan-las 1 822PR Llansantfred, Penlonlas 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-lon-Ias OS 1 89 1

Penmorfa -(SN 5 1 7-670)[pen + y + morfa] ; Penmorfa 1 83 1 PR Llansantfred

Above Swan als. Southerlands, on the corner that leads to Llainprysg (48-a) (inf. c. Jones]. Pennsylvania -(SN 5 1 2-668)[E.tn. Pennsylvania]; [�'babci, now vestri C. Jones] Pensylvania 1 84 1 TMS

735

( 48) ANHUNIOG This is now the vestry of Capel Llannon (48-a) [inf C. Jones] . Penrhiw(i) -(SN 549-665)(Pantrodyn)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-rhew 1 828PR Llansantfred, Penchen 1 841 TMS, Pen-rhiw O S 1 891

Penrhiw(ii) -(SN 547-653)(Nebo)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Penrhiw-hafod 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, Penrhiw-hafod 1 826PR Llansantfred, Pen-rhiw O S 1 891 , Pemhiw Nebo 1 979 J.RRees p. 36

Penty-parc -(SN 5 1 3-66 1 ) [tn. Penty-parc (Walton, Pembs.)] ; [penti'park L. Evans] Pentypark 1 820PR Llansantfred, Pent y Bark 1 822PR Llansantfred, Pen-ty-parc OS 1 834, Pentipark 1 833PR Llanbadarn Trefeglwys, Penti Park 1 837PR Llansantfred, Penty Park 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-ty-parc OS 1 89 1 The Phillips family of Penty-parc owned Plas Cilcennin (43-a) in the mid eighteenth century [1 747 Crosswood MSS; 1 760CF] , and a branch of that family had gone to live in Cefngwyn (47-a) in the late eighteenth century [1 975 R. Phillips: 100] ; cf. Penty-parc (54-a). Perthgwenyn -(SN 545-672)[perth + y + gwenyn] ; [per8�'gwenm T. Morgan, per8e'gwemn L. Evans] Perth y Gwenyn 1 75 7PR Llanrhystud, Pant y Gewenin 1 760map E.Bowen, Pont-y-gevenen 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Perth y Gwenin 1 760CF, Perth y Gwenin 1 8 1 7PR Llansantfred, Perthi Gwenen OOS 1 82 1 , Bank Perthygwenyn 1 83 OPR Llansantfred, Perth Gwenin 1 841 TMS, Perth-y-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 , Berthygwennin > 1 895rent Cf (c) Gwyrgloth Perth y Gwenyn (43-unloc.)

[ 1614 Crosswood MSS] . Plas-bach -(SN 5 3 8-669)[plas + bach]; [pla:s'ba:z L . Evans] Plas bach 1 84 1 TMS , Plas-bach OS 1 89 1 Plas-y-dwr -(SN 522-679)[plas + y + d\Vr] ; [pla:s�'du:r p. c. H. Ll. Humphreys] (c343) Cae yr Efel 1 84 1 TMS, Brynawelon OS 1 982 This place was so named locally because it was a mansion built by a retired Cardiganshire milk merchant on the proceeds of a successful London milk round, the waggish tongues claiming that the enterprise was so profitable that the milk must have been watered-down [p.c. H. Ll. Humphreys].

Porth-mawr -(SN (ii)52 1 -672)[porth + mawr] ; [p;Jr8'mawr T. Morgan, p;Jr8'mowr L. Evans] Perth mawr 1 629/3 0 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythin y Porch maure 1 63 5 Hendrefelen MSS, Tythin y Porth maure 1 673 Hendrefelen MS S , Porth mawr 1 760CF, Porthmawr 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Porth mawr OOS 1 82 1 , Porth O S 1 834, Porth-mawr OS 1 89 1 i) S N 5 1 9-672. 1 841 .

ii) SN 521 -672. 1 891 . Pwllglas-isa -(SN 547-667)[pwll + glas (+ isaf)] ; [pni'gla:s L. Evans] Pwllglas 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Pull-glaes 1 82 1 PR Llansantfred, Pwll-glas-isaf OS1 891

Pwllglas-ucha -(SN 546-666) [pwll + glas (+ uchaf)] ; Pwll-glas-uchaf O S 1 89 1

Rhos-fach -(SN 546-656)[rhos + bach] ; Rhoes-fach 1 822PR Llansantfred, Rhos fach 1 841 TMS, Rhos-filch OS 1 89 1

Rhyd-dorth-ucha -(SN 529-660)[rhyd + y + torth ( + uchaf)] ; [hri·t';Jr8 L . Evans, hri'd;Jr8 D. W. Jones] Tyr Rhyd y Dorth 1 740 MRichardson MS 2722, Rhyd-y-dorth-ucha 1 793sur map, Rhydorth uchaf 1 8 1 9PR Llansantfred, Rhyd y Dorth OOS 1 8 1 9, Rhyd-y-dorth OS 1 83 4, Rhyddorth ucha 1 83 3PR Llansantfred, Rhidorth, Ryd-dorth 1 834PR Llansantfred, Rhyd Dorth ucha 1 841 TMS, Rhyd-y-dorth OS 1 89 1 , Rhydydorthucha > 1 895rent The -ucha is in opposition to Rhyd-dorth-isa als.

Cwmcledan (48-a). Seilo -(SN 5 1 6-67l )[Bibltn. Shiloh] ; [sejb L. Evans, kapel'ba:z C. Jones] Siloh Chapel (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Llanon c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.279, Chap. O S 1 904, o Gapel Siloh 1 997 CN 02/01 /97 p. l O b. l 864 [ c. 1 902 E . R . Horsfall-Turner: 279] ; denom. I . Tai-hirion -(SN 5 1 4-669)[tai + hirion] ; [taj hirj �n C . Jones] '

Tai-hirion 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred Three houses, the sea side of Church Talbont -(SN 546-652)[tal + y + pont] ;

Lane, incl. Sea Glen and Garth [inf. c. Jones] . [tal'b;Jnt, tal�'b;Jnt D. W. Jones]

falybont 1 924-26 CSRLS 22 Existent [os 1 891 ].

736

( 48) ANHUNIOG Talbont-fach -(SN 546-652)[tal + y + pont (+ bach)] ; [talb�nt'va:x, D. W. Jones] Talybont fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 22, Y Bwthyn (sign) Tanrallt -(SN 507-661 )[tan + yr + allt] ; [tan'rait J. Jones] Dan yr Allt 1 690rent f 1 1 , Tan yr Allt 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Danyrallt 1 759 Crosswood MSS, Tanrallt 1 822PR Llansantfred, Tynyrallt 1 827PR Llansantfred, Tanyrallt 1 829PR Llansantfred, Tan-'rallt OS 1 834, Tan-yr-allt 08 1 89 1 Tanffordd -(SN 546-65 1) [tan + y + ffordd] ; [tan�'f�rst L. Edwards, fl\)a'f:>st (id.) Gr. Davies] (c) Cae Finger Post (Garnfoel land) 1 973 WFM MS 1 969 The finger-post sign that gave its name to this crossroads was not seen in living memory.

Llwybr-bach -(SN 5 1 3-673 � 5 1 6-672 )[llwybr + bach] ; [iujbrr'ba:z C. Jones] inf Longefn -(SN 5 1 2-673 5 1 4-669)[lon + cefn] ; [lo:n'ge·ven C. Jones] �

Church Street (sign)

Morfa-esgob -(SN 5 10-670)[morfa + yr + esgob] ; [iejne C. Jones] Kanmorva ? 1 1 94 Uita Sancti Davidis p. 3 8 1 , Kairmorva ? c. 1 1 94 Uita Sancti Davidis p. 3 8 1 { v.l. BGCh} , Cair Morva ? 1 1 94 Uita Sancti Davidis p.3 8 1 {v. l. Usher} , ar Vorvar Esgob 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen Morvar Escobb 1 622 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Morva yr Escob 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'parcels of barley ground upon' Morva yr Esgob 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p. 295, Morva Escob 1 675 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Morva y r Esob 1 723 M.Richardson MS S p.296, Morva Yscob 1 73 3 Crosswood MS S, Morva Esgob 1 776 CD 1 04, Morfa yr Escob 1 7002/2 Nanteos fpls . , Lleiniau Llan Non 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 50 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 69, Morfa yr Esgob als. Morva-yr-escob 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Morfa Esgob O S 1 8 9 1 I n 1 794 T. Lloyd [1794: 29] noted that i n Cardiganshire: "The only tract like a common field i s a n extent o f very productive barley land, reaching o n the coast from Aberairon t o Llanrhysted. This quarter i s much intermixed, and chiefly in small holdings. " ; it was the area of Cardiganshire which yielded the earliest crops

[ 1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 1 . 1 69] . The statement that Morfa-esgob was "probably the only surviving

examples of the open field system in the non-anglicised parts of Wales. " [ 1 993 CN 08/01/93] is not wholly true, cf the open strips of Maestir and Gwergwy (Llanynys, Denbs.), see Gl. R J. Jones 'The Llanynys quillets: a measure of landscape transformation in North Wales' in 1 964 TDHS vol l 3 pp. l 33-58. Some of the names of the strips in Morfa-esgob : Llain y Rodin [ 1700% Nanteos tpls.] ; Llwyn yr Odyn als. Llyn yr

738

(48) ANHUNIOG Odyn, Cwmpen Philip [ 1 869 Allt1wyd MSS] ; Llain Wen, Llain y Rhiw, Lain Squarnogod [1 700¥2 Nanteos fpls.] ; Pedwaran, Llain ymil y Felin, Llaingoilanfelen [added to 1700% Nanteos fpls.] ; (c) Ergid Non [ 1 649 Cwrt-mawr MSS] . " There is a persistent tradition at Llannon . . . that S David was born here. " [ 1 9 1 3 LBS: 4.22], if this is a genuine old tradition it is likely that the place named Kanmorva or Kairmorva in Uita Sancti Dauidis (Gir.) [ 1 1 94: 3.381] where Non was pregnant was Moifa-esgob: this name was understood as Llan-y-moifa by T. Evans [ 1 716: 1 9 1 ] , and located by B. G. Charles [ 1992: 321] in St Davids (Pembs.). "It is said that St. David divided the land into small portions which he gave to the fishermen of the place. " [ 1 91 1 J. c. Davies: 325]; " ... and David is said, in after years, apportioned the Morfa among the poor fishermen of the place. " (1 9 1 3 LBS: 4.22]. Pont Llannon -(SN 5 1 4-667) [pont + tn Llannon (48-a)] ; Pont Llan-non OS 1 982 See Penbont(i) ( 48-a). Pontperis -(SN 5 1 7-673)[pont + hn. Peris] ; Pont y Perris 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Pont Penlon 1 903 Cymru vol.25 p. 223, Pont Pen-lon OS 1 982 Pwll-y-ro -(SN 509-675)[pwll + y + gro] ; [ puia'ro: C. Jones] in£

739

(49) ANHUNIOG LLANRHYSTUD

ANHUNIOG

Allt-yr-afon -(SN 5 5 1 -688) [allt + yr + afon] ; Yr Alit Afon cott. 1 83 9TMS The 1 83 9 form, as it stands, is ungrammatical even

if afon is understood is to be understood as a form of

afan 'strawberries' . Alltlwyd-fach -(SN 5 3 5 -687)[allt + llwyd (+ bach)] ; Alit Lwyd fach OOS 1 82 1 , Allt-lwyd-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Alltlwyd fach >1 895rent

Arch

[a'rarz D. (c595) cot. 1 83 9TMS Cf Arch (46-a).

-(SN 583-672)[arch] ;

Awelon

arz D.

Williams, T. Morgan,

Williams]

-(SN 600-662) [awelon] ; Awelon OS 1 982

Blaencwm -(SN 600-660) [blaen + y + cwm] ; Blaen-cwm OS 1 89 1

Blaengwenyn

-(SN 53 8-675)[blaen + tn. [Perth]gwenyn (48-a)];

[bla:u'gwenm

T. Morgan]

Blaen-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 This i s probably the origin o f the supposed hydronym

Blaenperis

-(SN 567-657) [blaen +

Gwenyn [193 8 R. J. Thomas: 52] .

hn. Peris] ;

Blaenperishe 1 669/70 M Richardson MSS p. 295 , Blaenperis 1 723 M Richardson MSS p.296, Blane Perris 1 795 Alltlwyd MS S, Blaenperis 1 820PR Llanrhystud, Blaen Peris 1 839TMS, Blaen-peris OS 1 89 1

Blaentalwm - ( S N 575-665) [blaen + tn.

Talwrn (49-a)] ;

Pwlly Trodee 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-talwrn OS 1 891 The 1 83 9 alias is Pwlltro-du 'black whirlpool'.

Brynaeddwen

-(SN 603-669) [bryn + tn. [Llyn]aeddwen

(39-b)] ; [brm'ej�wen D .

M Jones]

Bryneiowen 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Bryn Aoowen 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Bryn-Eiddwen OS 1 89 1

Brynamlwg -(SN 577-662)[bryn + amlwg] ; Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1

Bryn-yr-eithin

-(SN 578-666)[bryn + yr + eithin] ;

Bryn-yr-yth OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-yr-eithin OS 1 904

Brynherbert -(SN 5 55 -68 1 ) [bryn + yr + herber] ; [brm'herbart T. Morgan] (c) Llaine Herber, Llinie Herber ? 1 73 3 Cross wood MSS, Lleine Herbert ?

1 772 Crosswood MS S , School

OS 1 89 1 , Brynherbert C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982

herber as the pn. Herbert, c£ Pant-yr-herber (57-a). There was an Ystrad parish near Nant-henfoel (25-a): Bryn yr Herber (25-tmloc.) [1 682/83 Crosswood MSS] , Brynheiber [1756 Crosswood MSS] . Bryn-yr-olchfa -(SN 568-656)[bryn + yr + golchfa] ; G[ ]arolchfa 1 83 9TMS, Bryn yr Olchfa OS 1 89 1 Brynperis -(SN 564-66 1 ) [bryn + hn. Peris] ; [mesek pn. bm'mesek J . R Rees] (c286) Bryn Perys cot. 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-peris OS 1 8 9 1 , Mesec 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 The alias Mesec, is from the BibI. pn. Mesech. Brynpyllau -(SN 5 57-677)[bryn + y + pyllau] ; [brm'pale T. Morgan, C. Jones] There was a tendency to reanalyse

identical name in

,

Llain-bryn-bylle 1 793 sur map, Bryn-pulle 1 8 1 3PR, Brynpwlle 1 8 1 5PR, Brynpylle 1 8 1 7PR, (c) Llain Finon Howel als. Llainbrinbwlle 1 826 M. Richardson MS 1 045-46, Bryn Pwllau OS 1 83 4,

(c) Lline Bryn Bylle

(prox.) 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-pwllau OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-pyllau OS 1 904

Brynsasiwn

-(SN 564-656)[bryn + y + sasiwn] ; [ brm'saJon

A Davies]

Brynsiesswn 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Piccadilly OOS 1 82 1 , Piccadilly OS 1 834, Brynseissiwn 1 83 1PR Llansantfred, Brynsessiwn 1 83 2PR Llanrhystud, Bryn Session 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-sessiwn OS 1 904

Brynsasiwn is more or less where the boundary between Llansantfred and Llanrhystud Nantcennin (d) to strike inland in a straight line for 2. 5km across what was commonland until 1 8 1 6. As the term sasiwn (� E. association) is usual for the quarterly meetings of the Calvinistic Methodist denomination, it seems likelier - from the documentary forms - that sasiwn replaced the original sesiwn 'session', which may refer an assembly that met at this place in order to a define the The site of

parishes leaves

boundary in this area.

740

(49) ANHUNIOG Brynrwyn -(SN 548-676)[bryn + yr + Wyl1] ; [brm'rujn T. Morgan] (c) Llain Bryn yr Wyn 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p. 296, Bryn-r-wyn OS 1 834, Brinyrwyn 1 839TMS, Bryn­ yr-Wyn OS 1 891 Bwlchgwynt -(SN 566-667) [bwlch + y + gwynt]; Bwlchgwint 1 839TMS, Bwlch-y-gwynt OS1 891 Cae-bach -(SN 536-689)[ cae + bach] ; Cae bach 1 8 1 3PR L1anrhystud, (c1 07) Cae bach 1 839TMS, Caeau bach 1 841 cens. , Cae-bach OS 1 89 1 I n 1 839 [1 839TMS] (c) Cae-bach was a field o n Tanralltlwyd land (49-a), with no cottage shown. Cae-newydd -(SN 601 -664)[cae + newydd]; Cae-newydd OS1 891 Caersalem -(SN 558-684)[Bibl.tn. Caersalem]; Croeshalen 1 8 1 4PR Llanrhystud, Caersalen 1 8 1 6PR Llanrhystud, Grosalen 1 81 8PR Llanrhystud, Croesalem 1 821 PR Llanrhystud, Crosalem 1 825PR Llanrhystud, Cae Salem 1 83 9TMS, Caersalem 1 92426 CSRLS 44 A hamlet of seven houses [ 1 924-26 CSRLS 4 3 ] . The early forms seem to point to a reanalysis of the name during the nineteenth century to Caersalem, the Welsh name for Jerusalem, the reanalysis may have been aided by the building of a Baptist chapel in Llanrhystud village called Salem in 1 821 . The earliest forms seem to give Croeshalen 'salt cross', which seems nonsensicaL and inappropriate to this inland site, so that we must conclude that we only have a garbled form of another name. Capelcynddilig -(SN c.554-683)[capel + pn. Cynddilig]; (c323) Cae Bron Capel 1 83 9TMS, (c) Fron Capel 1 936 W.Edwards p. 65 The name Cynddilig (MW. Kindilic [c. 1250 BBC : 1 7 1 ] , Kyndilic [c. 1250 BAneirin: 33 ] ) - I hesitate between *dilig or *dylig in Welsh, due to the uncertainty of the orthography - was a once common Brittonic element, cf OW.pn. Gurdilic [c. l l 40 LL: 144] ; OC.pns. Wurdylic, Ourdylic [10th_1 1thcent. Bodm. Manu.]; tn. Landulph (Com.), Landelech 1 086, Landylik c. 1 48 5, from a saint Dilic [1 988 o. J. Padel: 106]; OB.pn. Gurdelec [1 890 J. Loth: 1 24] . However, whatever the meaning of *d(ily)lig, it does not allow Cynddilig to be a hypocoristic form of Cynddel(w), "with which it actually interchanges" as P. 6 Riain [1 994: 389] claims. "G[wyl] Kynddilig ofywn plwyf Rystyd llei roedd ennid rydd o banner dydd nos Galangaya hyd hannerdydd ddvw Kalangaya ag offrwn keiliogod rwg y Pass. " [ 1 500¥2 Dem. C alend.]; as his feast was held on the first of November, we must conclude, with P. 6 Riain ( 1994: 389] that Cynddilig's feast had probably been forgotten; traditions relating to Cynddilig [ 1 869 B. Williams: 15]. "In Cwm Mabws on the left of the valley there is a field called Fron Capel. Here stood a chapel-of-ease dedicated to St. Cynddilyg . . . " [ 1936 W. Edwards : 65] . Carnwialen -(SN 587-645)[tn. Carnwialen (40-b)] ; [garn, g arnwi'alen J. R Rees] Carngyalen, Cam Gralem 1 839TMS, Carnwialen 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n.62, i'r Garnwialen 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n.68, Garn Wilan als. Garngwynalen 1 876 Crosswood Add MSS, Garn-wialen OS 1 89 1 Carreg-y-doli - ( SN 586-678) [carreg + toll ? ]; [kareg�'do:i T . Morgan] Carregyddol 1 839TMS, Careg-y-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Careg-y-doll OS 1 904 There is no mill in the vicinity, but the boundaries of the cwmwd of Anhuniog and Myfenydd lies 1 50m away, though there is no obvious point of transit to be tolled. It seems possible that the name was originally *Y Garregdoll 'the holed rock', with the lenited toll - the feminine form of twll 'holed' understood as doll 'toll', and the definite article placed between the two supposed nouns, cf Y Garreg Doll als. Carreg-y-doll (Llanasa, Flints.) (1 938 E. Isaac: 1 10]. For a feminine form of an adjective cf Gamfolch (Pencaer), which contains the feminine form of bwlch 'gapped' [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 260] . Castell-bach -(SN 537-694)[castell + bach]; [kastcl'ba:z C. Jones, R Richards] 'cott. ' Castellback 1 830 Alltlwyd MSS, (c69) Castell bach 1 839TMS, Castellbach 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Castell bach als. Castell Gwarfelin 1 936 W.Edwards p.63 A mound stood before it, where nursery now is [inf. R. Richards, c. Jones ] . This may feasibly be the twelfth­ century Castell Llanrhystud of the Welsh Bruts, but cf Caer Penrhos (50-b), Domen (70-b). Cefngronllyn -(SN 5 90-672)[ cefu + y + cron + llyn]; Cefu Croynllyn 1 837PR Llangwrddon, Cefu Gronllyn, (cs1445-46) Cae Cefn Cronlyn, Cae Cefu Cronllyn ucha 1 83 9TMS, Cefu-y-gronllyn OS1 891 , Cefn-cronllyn OS1 904 Cf Rhydgronllyn (50-b). 741

(49) ANHUNIOG Cefn Mabwys -(SN 571 -684)[cefn + tn. Mabwys (4 9 a)] ; Cefn Mabus OOS 1 82 1 , Cefn Mabus OS1 834, Upper Mabus ? 1 839TMS, New Mabws OS 1 89 1 , Cefnmabws OS 1 904 Cefn Trawsnant-(SN 569-667) [cefn + tn. Trawsnant (49 a)] ; [keven (trowsnant) T. Morgan] Trawsnant-newydd O S 1 834, Cefn Trawsnant 1 83 9TMS, Cefn-trawsnant OS 1 891 Cnwc-y-ddwyros -(SN 5 8 1 -653)(cnwc + y + dwy + rhos]; Cnwcyddwyros 1 83 9TMS, Cnwc-y-ddwyrhos OS 1 89 1 Cwm Trawsnant -(SN 566-666)[ cwm + tn. Trawsnant (49-a)]; Cwm Trawsnant 1 839TMS, Cwm-trawsnant OS 1 89 1 Diwra -(SN 5 72-662)(Bibl.tn. Dura]; (diWra T . Davies] Dewrah OS1 891, Dura OS 1 904 Felin-fawr -(SN 534-694)[y + melin + mawr]; [velm'vowr R Richards] Melyn Llamhystyd als. Melyn issa 1 721 NLW Deeds MS 1 704, Felin fawr 1 767 Alltlwyd MSS, Felin fawr Lanrhystid 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Felin-fawr 1 835PR Llangwrddon, Felin-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Mill 0Sc. 1 950 Ffatri -(SN 538-696)[ffatri] ; [fatri T. Morgan] The Llamhystyd Factory 1 928 I. C. Peate p. 8 b. 1 700¥2 [ 1928 1. C. Peate: 67; 1 936 W. Edwards: 67]; closed 1 926 [ 1 928 I. C. Peate: 2]. Fforddlas -(SN 547-691 )[ffordd + glas]; [f;)r(')'la:s T. Morgan] Ffordd-las OS 1 89 1 Ffrwd-fach -(SN 548-682)[ffrwd (+ bach)] ; [fru:d'va:x R Richards] Frwd-fiich 1 793sur map, Ffrood fach 1 820PR Llanrhystud, Ffrwd fach 1 839TMS, Ffrwd-filch OS 1 89 1 , Ffrood als. Ffroodfach > 1 895rent A bunch (parse!) of houses [inf. R. Richards]. Ffrwd-fawr -(SN 547-684)[ffrwd (+ mawr)] ; [fru:d'vawr T. Morgan, fru:d R Richards] Ffrwd yr Hyad ycha 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Ffrwd y Whyad ycha 1 72 1 NLW Deeds MS 1 704, Tythyn y Friod 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p. 296, Ffrwd 1 744PR Llanrhystud, Ffrwd fawr 1 793sur map, Ffrwd 1 803 map J.Singer, Ffrwd OOS 1 82 1 , Ffrwd fawr, Frood fawr 1 839TMS, FfrWd OS 1 89 1 See Penrhoser (49-a). Ffrwd-ganoi -(SN 544-684) [ffrwd (+ canol)]; [fru:d gan;)l T. Morgan] Ffrwd-ganol OS 1 891 , Ffrood als. Ffroodganol > 1 895rent, Ffynnonhywel -(SN 558-679) [ffYnnon + pn. Hywel]; Ffynnon Rowel 1 757PR Llanrhystud, Ffynnon Howell 1 760CF, Ffynnon Rowel 1 793sur map, Ffynnon Hwel 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam Trefeglwys, Ffynnon Rowel OOS 1 82 1 , Ffynnon Hywel O S 1 834, Ffynnon­ hywel OS1 891 Gam-fach -(SN 567-674)[y + earn (+ bach)]; [garn'va:x T. Morgan] Game vach 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Gam fach 1 757PR Llanrhystud, Cam fach OOS 1 821 , Carn-fach OS 1 834, Cam-bach OS 1 89 1 , Garn- fiich O S 1 904 Gamlwyd -(SN 588-643)[y + cam + llwyd]; Garn-lWyd OS 1 89 1 Gam-ucha -(SN 590-641)[y + earn (+ uchaf)] ; [garn J . R. Rees] Garn-uchaf OS1 89 1 , Garn 1 990 E.Jones p.25 Glanrafon(i) -(SN 552-686)(Cwm Mabwys)[glan + yr + afon]; Llan yr Afon cott. , Glanyrafon cott. , Glanrafon 1 83 9TMS, Glanrafon(ii) -(SN 5 3 8-694)(Llanrhystud)[glan + yr + afon] ; [glan,rav;)n'ter�s R. Richards] Glenyrafon 1 772 Coleman MS 1 50, Tuyglanyravon 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, (c) Glanrafon 1 83 0 Alltlwyd MSS, (c86) Glanrafon, (c85) Noyadd 1 839TMS, Lamafon, Noyadd 1 841 cens. , Glanrafon >1 895rent, Glan-yr-afon OS 1 982 Glanrafon is part of Pentre-isa (inf R. Richards] . Glangors(i) -(SN 563-662)(Pencraig Peris)[glan + y + cors]; Glanygors ? 1 823PR L1anrhystud, Langorse 1 839TMS, Glan-y-gors OS 1 891 Glangors(ii) -(SN 578-658)(Mowntan)[glan + y + cors]; Blangors ? 1 8 1 7PR Llanrhystud, Blaenrhos ?? 1 822PR Llanrhystud, Llangorse 1 83 9TMS, High Park 08 1 89 1 , Glangors ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 44, High Park 0Sc. 1 950, Curlews Haunt OS 1 982 -

-

'

742

(49) ANHUNIOG The old name was replaced by High

Glanperis -(SN 5 56-670)(glan + hn.

Peris] ;

Park, probably to avoid confusion with Glangors(i) (49-a). [glan'peris T. Morgan]

Glanperis 1 723 M.Richardson p. 296, Llan-perris 1 760map E.Bowen, Lanperis 1 83 0PR Llamhystud, Glan Peris O S 1 83 4, Glanperys 1 839TMS, Glanperris > 1 895rent

Glanrhyd

-(SN 574-660)[glan + y + rhyd] ;

Glan-rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Mallon O S 1 982

Gors -(SN 58 5-657)[y + cors]; Gors O S 1 89 1

Gwarfelin(i)

-(SN 533 -693)(Llamhystud)[gwar + y + melin] ;

[gwar'velm,

now

brm'hi:r T . Morgan]

Gwaryfelin 1 83 0 Alltlwyd MS S , Gwar-y-felin OS 1 89 1 , Glanyrafon als. Gwarfelen > 1 895rent

Gwarfelin(ii)

-(SN 547-692)(Melin Rhiwbwys)[gwar + y + melin] ;

[gwar'velm R

Richards]

in£ -(SN 573 -658)(Jopa)[gwar + y + ffynno n] ;

Gwarffynnon(i)

Gwar-ffynnon O S 1 89 1

Gwar-y-ffynnon(ii) -(SN 5 5 1 -678)(Brynherbert)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; Ty-bach 1 793 sur map, Gwar-y-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Tybach > 1 895rent

Gwarolchfa -(SN 586-668)[gwar + yr + golchfa]; [gwar'�lzva

T. Morgan]

Gwarolchva 1 839TMS, Gwar-yr-olchfa OS 1 89 1

Hafodgruffudd

-(SN 595-66 1 ) [hafod + pn. Griffudd/rhyddid] ;

[hav�d'gr�fi� D.

Williams]

Hafod Rhyddid 1 83 9TMS, Havodrydd 1 84 1 cens. , Hafod-Gruffydd OS 1 89 1 , Hafod-Gruffydd 0Sc. 1 950, Hafod Riffudd 1 975 R Phillips p. 268, Hafod-Gruffydd 1 979a E.Jones p. 23 The lack of lenition of the pn.

Grujfudd after hafod,

along with the earliest spelling

pronouncement difficult on the original etymology of this name. E. Davies

[ 1 980: 20]

rhyddid makes

any

seems confident that

cytir (land held in common) for which rhyddid was an rhyddid could mean 'liberty, common-land', the general southern Welsh pronunciation seems to have been rhydd-did rather than rhyddid, e.g. rhydd-did (G1ynharthen) [ 1 908 Cymru: 34. 122] ; rhythdid (Elfael Uwch-Mynydd, Rads.) [ 1618 in 1 950 NLWJ: 6.386] . If the pronunciaton was rhydd-did in this area, it makes the 1 83 9 form - obviously connected to Grujfudd ­ "Hafod Rhyddid may represent a survival of

alternative term. " , and whilst it is true that

less likely.

Hafodronwy -(SN

575-672) [hafod + pn. Gronwy] ;

Havod Ronow 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS , Havod Gronow 1 772 Crosswood MS S, Havodronw 1 8 1 8PR Llamhystud, Havodyronwg 1 839TMS, Hafod-ronwn OS 1 89 1 , Hafodyronw 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 44

Henfelin

-(SN 547-692) [hen + melin] ;

[�.hre·n'velm R

Richards]

Henfelin 1 8 1 4PR Llamhystud, Rhenvelin 1 820PR Llanrhystud, Hen-felin OS 1 89 1 , Henfelyn > 1 895rent The hen is in opposition to Melin Rhiwbwys (49-a), Richards] . Heolislwyn -(SN 539-695) [heol + pn. Islwyn] ;

located just above and

s

of Melin

Rhiwbwys

[inf.

R.

a villager who died a young man in the 1 939--45 war [inf.

R.

Heol Islwyn OS 1 982

A housing Richards] .

estate; named after Islwyn

Jopa -(SN 567-667)[Bibl.tn.

Joppa] ;

Crees,

(d3:>pa A.

Davies, D. Williams, T. Morgan,

pentre'sejBg:>nt Gr.

Davies]

Joppa OS 1 904, Joppa 0Sc. l 950 This place-name is unusual in that a biblical name was given to the houses, whilst the adj oining chapel was called Penrhiw

(49-a).

The nickname

Pentre-seithgont was

said to refer to the fact that the houses of

Jopa at one time only had seven female occupants, as the husbands had gone to the S outh Wales coalmines - a situation which led to looser sexual standards [inf.

Gr. Davies] .

Lluest-hen -(SN 577-677) [lluest (+ hen) ] ; 'cottage o r summer house' Tyr y Llyest 1 723 M. Richardson MS S p. 296, Tyr y Lliast 1 73 3 Crosswood MS S , Lluest 1 75 1 PR Llanrhystud, Lluest OOS 1 82 1 , Lluast Hen 1 83 9TMS, Lluest-hen OS 1 89 1 , Lluest OS 1 904

Lluest-newydd

-(SN 5 9 1 - 66 1 )[1luest (+ newydd)] ;

[lijest'newi� J. A.

Hopkins,

iiest'newi�

T. Morgan]

Lluest newydd 1 803rnap J. Singer, Llast newydd 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Llyastnewydd 1 820 Cymerau MS S, Lluest newydd OOS 1 82 1 , Lluest-newydd OS 1 834, Lluest-newydd OS 1 89 1

743

(49) ANHUNIOG Ffair Lluest-newydd,

Lluest-newydd, which was formerly an inn. [ 1 982 Ddolen: 46; 1 990 E. Jones: 97] . Mabwys (49-a)]; [l:ld3'mabus T . Morgan]

was held "yn Gae Ffair", opp.

There

were two fairs, the first in the Spring, the second in the Autumn

Loj Mabwys -(SN 3 62-68 3 ) [ loj + tn.

Lodge O S 1 89 1 , Mabws Lodge O S 1 982 There used to be an

inn nearby, adjoining the bridge [1 949> W. Lloyd-Thomas: 3}. London House - ( SN 547-688)[E.tn. London + house]; London House OS 1 89 1

Mabwys -(SN 5 65-685) [tn.

Mabwys[-hen] (49-a)] ;

[mabus D.

W . Jones,

mabus'ho:l

T. Morgan]

Tythyn Ffynnon Basket als. New Mabws 1 723 M.Richardson MS S p . 296, Mabus 1 73 0PR Llanrhystud, Mabws 1 744PR Llanrhystud, Mabus 1 75 9 Gwynfryn MS S , Mabus 1 803map J. Singer, Mabwys > 1 777 in 1 8 1 1 E. Richard p.41 , i Fabwys {rhyme with

dwys}

>1 777 in 1 8 1 1 E.Richard p. 7 1 , New Mabus 1 8 1 8

Hav. WW MS S 394, Mabus OOS 1 82 1 , Mabus O S 1 834, New Mabus 1 84 1 cens. , Mabws O S 1 891 , Mabwys 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p . 3 3 , Mabws Hall O S 1 982

if the [ 1 949>: 1 ] can be trusted. For a discussion of the etymology of the name, see sub Mabwys-hen (49-a), and cf Mabwys:fach als. Tynwern (50-a), Rhiwbwys (49-a). The significance of Fjjmnon Basket, the - presumably - earlier alias of this site is uncertain, but c£ Pentre-Baskett (SO 29-93, Cwmbriin, Mons.). The Lloyd family of Ffosbleiddaid (56-a) removed to Ystradteilo (50-a) following the marriage in 1 75 0 of James Lloyd to Anna-Maria, daughter of Richard Lloyd of Ystradteilo, by 1 760 that James Lloyd was living in Mabwys [ 1 936 W. Edwards: 64-65; 1974 CER: 7.339, 341 ; 1983 CER: 9.357] . The building of the mansion at this site was credited to John Lloyd, Ffosbleiddaid [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 301 ] , which seems to refer to the rebuilding ofMabwys by James Lloyd's son, Col. John Lloyd (b. 1 75 3 ) [ 1 974 CER: 7.341 , 343] (the Lloyd family held on to both Mabwys and Ffosbleiddaid, until the death of John Lloyd of Dale Castle (Pembs.), when they were sold out of the family on 29/1 1 / 1 823 [ 1 823 Carm.Joumal: 21/1 1/23]). Mabwys Awelon -(SN 5 7 1 -683 ) [tn. Mabwys (49-a) + awelon] ; The present site of Mabwys was already in existence in 1 723, and may have been built in 1 632 sources of W. Lloyd-Thomas

Mabws Awelon O S 1 982

Mabwys-hen

-(SN 5 68-676)[pn. Mabwys (+ hen)] ;

[mabos'he:n

T. Morgan]

o Vabus c. 1 600 L. Dwnn vol. l p. 58, o Fabws c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 29,

Y

Plas i Mabws fawr c. 1 600

L.Dwnn vol. l p. 1 6 1 , Mabws 1 702 in 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 274, Tyr als. Tythyn Mabus vawr 1 723 MRichardson MSS p.296, Old Mabws 1 753PR Llanrhystud, Old Mabus 1 8 1 2 Hav.

WW

MS 395,

Mabus Hen OOS 1 821 , Mabus-hen OS 1 834, Mabus Hen 1 83 9TMS, Mabws-hen OS 1 89 1 , Mabushen > 1 89 5rent, Mabwys (sic) als. Mabwys 'as I fmd the mansion name spelt in some letters of a hundred years ago' c. 1 900 David Samuel in NLW MS 28 1 3 -C ( i) This seems to have been the original site of Mabwys, it is possible that it referred to the nearby stream, Nant Rhydroser [ 1 936 w. Edwards: 64-65] , but this is no more than a supposition. The mention by S. R. Meyrick [1808: 301 ] " supposed to be a corruption of Maybush;" can be disregarded, and ascribed to the eighteenth-century fashion of having an English rendition of a mansion's Welsh name ("Ffolineb mawr, may bush y Seisoneg yw. " [ 1 868 B. Williams: 267]). B. Williams [ 1 868: 267] thought that it meant

tybied mai

'tir y mab', but the word

mabwys

(which was followed by its derivatives

mabwyso

'to adopt',

mabwysiad

'an adoption') is frrst attested in 1 5 5 1 in a book by the well-known concoctor of words William Salesbury, and is judged by GPC [ s.v.

mabwys]

mamwys and tadwys which originally [GPC s.v .. mamwys; 1 952 T. Parry: 448]. As a result it is more than likely that the mabwys of literary Welsh has nothing to do with either the toponym Mabwys. A possibility is that this toponym may be an unattested personal-name, composed of mab 'son', and a possibly hypocoristic sufftx -wys, for which, cf Gwnnwys (57-a). There is another Mabwys (Mathry, Pembs.), noted as Maboris 1 3 26( 1 61hcent . ) - which B . G. Charles thinks is a mistranscription of Mabwis " or the like" - and in the name of a priest John Mabus 1 40 3 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 274] . B. G. Charles [1 992 PN Pembs: 274) believes that both names may be composed of ma 'field', and a an obscure qualifier - which he unconvincingly connects to bwyst 'beast, animal'. This is a line of reasoning, that is especially tempting for the Llanrhystud Mabwys, as further down the Wyre-fach valley lies the steep hill called Rhiwbwys hnw'bujs (49-a), which is also unsatisfactorily explained, but which assuredly contains an element which might write * bwys. If it is the element * bwys which is contained in Mabwys, the simplest explanation would be that *Bwys referred to the river which flows past both places, known since at least the eighteenth century as Wyre:fach, an appellation derived from Wyre:fawr, that allows for a more ancient, to be purely an emulation of

meant 'maternal kin' and 'paternal kin' respectively

744

(49) ANHUNIOG original name for that river. However, the extraction of a hydronym *Bwys from Rhiwbwys is unconvincing, as lenition is expected after feminine rhiw (unless there is a defmite article, in which case *Bwys cannot have been an early river-name); see sub Rhiwbwys (49-a). Maen -(SN 587-649)[maen] ; [ma:n J. A Hopkins, J. R Rees, old name was ma:nkle'6�ve J. R Rees] Tyr Maen ?? 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Maen 1 83 9TMS, a'r Maen 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n. 63 , Maen OS1 891 The old name, if it is genuine, may refer to some (probably legendary) heroic event in the neighbourhood; cf neighbouring Pantcynhorion (49-a), Brynbeddau (47-a), Pant-y-beddau (48-a). Maenllwyd -(SN 553-675)[maen + llwyd]; [man'lujd T. Morgan] Maen-llwyd OS1 834, Manllwyd 1 81 4PR, Maen-ll'Wyd OS1 891 Maes-newydd -(SN 601 -662)[maes + newydd] ; Maes-newydd OS 1 891 Melin Rhiwbwys -(SN 547-692)[melin + tn. Rhiwbwys (49-a)]; [vehn'hriW'bujs T. Morgan, velm,ru 'bujs R. Richards] Melyn Rhyw Bwyce 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Melin Rhiw Bwys 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Melin Rhiw Bwys OOS 1 82 1 , Velin Rhiwbuys 1 822PR Llanrhystud, Melin-rhiw-bwys OS 1 834, Melin Rhew Bwys 1 839TMS, Melin Rhiw-b'Wys OS 1 89 1 , Felin-rhiw-bwys OS1 904, Felin Rhiwbwys 1 936 W.Edwards pp. 66-67 Cf Henfelin (49-a). Melin Trawsnant -(SN 562-671 )[melin + tn. Trawsnant (49-a)] ; Trawsnant Mill 1 83 9TMS, Felin Trawsnant (Corn) OS 1 891 Moreia -(SN 596-670) [Bibl.tn. Moriah]; [m�reja J. A. Hopkins, m�rja D. Williams] Moriah Chapel (Calv.Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Moriah c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276 b. 1 885 [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 229] ; b. 1 905 [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 162] ; b. l 907 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 40]; denom. CM. Morfa -(SN 528-695)[morfa]; [m;)rva T. Morgan, R. Richards, �'m�rva R Richards] Grove 1 720 Crosswood MSS, Gilling Gore 1 750PR Llanrhystud, Gilling Gro 1 755PR Llanrhystud, The Morva of Llanrhystyd 1 772 Coleman MS 1 50, Morfa 1 81 7PR Llanrhystud, Pen y Pwll 1 820PR Llanrhystud, (c) 'on' The Morfa, 'appurtenant called' Penypwll, Golding Groe, 'and' Morfa 'together with adjoining cottage and garden' 1 830 Alltlwyd MSS, (c) Scybor Morfa 1 830 Alltlwyd MSS, Penypwll (cl 27) Gelding Gros 1 839TMS, Penypwll 1 84 1 cens., (c) Gilding Gro 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Morfa O S 1 891 , Tynymorfa, Gelding Gro > 1 895rent Even though * Geldin-gro may have been an adjoining house to Moifa, it is quite possible that *Geldin­ gro, Pen-y-pwll, and Moifa, were simply different names for the same place. The name *Geldin-gro appears to represent the mansion-name Goldengrove als. Gelli-our (Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Canns .), though its location s of the mouth of the river Wyre, makes it likely that the name was also influenced by gro 'pebbles'. Mowntan -(SN 577-656)[E. mountain]; [mawnten A. Davies, mownten T. Morgan, mowntan C. Jones] Blaenwaun 1 839TMS, Mountain Farm OS1 891 The old name appears to have been replaced by the anodyne English description mountain, cf Mowntan (40-a). Nantcennin -(SN 554-669)[nant + y + cennin]; [nau'kenm T. Morgan] Nant-y Cenin 1 74 1 PR Llanrhystud, Nant y Cennin 1 760CF, Nant y Cennyn OOS 1 821, Nantkening-ucha (prox.) 1 829PR Llansantfred, Nant-cennin OS 1 834, Nantcenin 1 832PR Llanrhystud, Blaencenin (prox.) 1 833PR Llamhystud This is doubtlessly the older name of Nant Pistylldu (d). Pantcoch -(SN 547-689)[pant + coch]; Pantcoch OS 1 982 Pantcynhorion -(SN 592-65 1 )[pant + y + ? ]; [pant J. A Hopkins, J. R. Rees, pantk�u'h�rj�n J. R. Rees] Pwll-y-badell (sic nom.) OS1 834, Pant Gyrhyrion 1 841 cens. , Pantcarnorion 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n63, Pant-cynghorion OS 1 891, Pantcymorion 1 897 Cymru vol. 1 2 p.244 It could be that this name is a reference to an assembly point, Pant-y-cynghorion 'hollow of the councils' (cf Pensteddfodau als. Mowntan, 40-a), however it could also translate as 'hollow of the counsels', referring to a traditional localised tale. An even better sense - I believe - would have this name refer to the term cynorion '(vanguard) warriors' (a derived sense of cynnor 'entrance (to a larger edifice)', which is 745

(49) ANHUNIOG found in the toponyms,

Cynhordy k�n':->rdi

[inf.]

(Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, Carms.), Kynhordy [1 61 1 Bronwydd MSS]) . cynnor and cyngor was known t o T . Rowland & R 0. examiners that they should b e wary o f confusing cynnordy

The confusion i n popular etymology between Jones

[ 1 883: 1 34] who emphasised t o O S field cynghordy 'council house' (obviously not the twentieth-century meaning of 'council house'). Nevertheless the above-mentioned Cynhordy, along with other identical examples, is found as Cynghordy 'lodge' with

on present-day maps. This sense would tie in well with a legendary story which might have been told in this neighbourhood at one time, cf

cynhorion

Maencleddyfau, the supposed full name of nearby Maen (49-a).

Whilst

is not noted in the forms above, the forms of 1 872 and 1 897 do not argue against it (the 1 872

form is strikingly similar to

Cornorion 1 708/09 [ 1 708/09 BRA (193 5) MSS: 1 1 ], the form of a township called Cynorion (SJ 1 1-22, Pennant, Monts.), originally a hydronym [ 1 985 G. G. Evans: 70], which was noted Kenneureou in 1 205 [ 1 985 G. G. Evans: 95] ); the form Gwerncamyddion on the OS map for Gwerncynyddion (SH 59-25, Llanenddwyn, Mers.) shows the same insertion of cam for [k�n'-]. The 1 89 1 form with cynghorion 'counsels' would be a natural choice for an Ordnance Survey team trying in haste to fmd an etymology to the names they were collecting. More forms would be welcome, however, before settling upon the etymology; cf

Moelcynghorion (SH 58-56, Llanberis, Caems.); Pantgwyn -(SN 565-664)[pant + gwyn] ;

cf

Cars Pwll-y-badell (49-b).

Pantgwyn 1 83 9TMS, Pant-gwyn O S 1 891

Pantrhogfaen

-(SN 5 6 1 -665) [pant + yr + hogfaen] ;

Pant yr Hogfaen 1 754PR Llanrhystud, Pantyrogfan 1 8 1 4PR Llanrhystud, Pant yr Hogfaen OOS 1 82 1 , Pantrhogfan 1 825PR Llanrhystud, Pant-yr-hogfaen O S 1 89 1

Pantlleinau -(SN 5 90-655) [pant + y + lleiniau] ; [pant'iejne D.

Williams, J . A Hopkins,

pan'iejne inf. ]

Pant y Llainau O S 1 834, Pant Lleine 1 83 9TMS, Pant-leiniau OS 1 89 1 , Pant-lleinau OS 1 904

Patagonia

-(SN 599-657) [tn. Patagonia

(Argentina)] ; [pata'g:->nja,

now

peg'grajg

J. A Hopkins]

Patagonia OS 1 89 1

Pen bryn

-(SN 544-686) [pen + y + bryn] ;

Penbryn OS 1 982

Penbryn-bach -(SN 536-694)[pen + y + bryn + bach] ; [penbrm'ba:x; R in£ Pencastell -(SN 5 3 8-683) [pen + y + castell] ; [peg'kastcl T. Morgan]

Richards]

Pen y Castell 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Penn y Castell 1 753 Peterwell MS 44, Pen y Castell 1 793sur map, Penycastell 1 8 1 3PR Llansantfred,

Pencastle

1 8 1 4 Falcondale MS

1 94 p. 29,

Pencastell

1 8 1 5PR

Llansantfred, Pen y Castell OOS 1 82 1 , Perr-y-castell O S 1 834, Perr-y-castell OS 1 891 Refers to Castell-mawr (49-b). Pencnwc -(SN 5 6 1 -661 ) [pen + y + cnwc] ; (c422) Poorhouse 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cnwc O S 1 89 1 This was a house with two acres owned b y the churchwardens [1 8391MS] .

Pencraig Peris -(SN 567-662)[pen + craig + hn.

Peris] ;

Pencraig Peris 1 839TMS, Pencraig-peris OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig Peris 1 904 J. Evans p. 1 44 Is Peris in opposition to Pen-y-graig (49-a)? Pencwmffrwd -(SN 571 -687)[pen + cwm + y + ffrwd] ; Pencwmffrwd 1 8 1 8PR Llanrhystud, (c650) Pen

Cwm Frwd 1 83 9TMS, Pencwmffrwd 1 84 1 cens. , Pen

Cwm-ffridd O S 1 89 1 , Pen Cwm-ffrWd OS 1 904 An abandoned house [ 1 8391MS] .

A

waterfall is shown at SN 577-683 , but thejJFWd may refer to another

fall nearer the bottom of the course ofAjon

Penfor-fach

-(SN 5 3 6- 677)[*penfar (+ bach)] ;

Tryal. [penv:lr'va:x; L.

Evans, C. Jones,

penm:->r'va:x; (id.)

T. Morgan]

Penfor fach OOS 1 82 1 , Pen'for-fach OS 1 834, Penfor fach 1 83 9TMS, Pen-for-filch OS 1 89 1 , Penfor-fiich OS 1 904

Penfor-fawr

-(SN 5 3 3 -6 80) [*penfar (+ mawr)] ;

[penv:->r'vowr

L. Evans,

penm:->r'vowr

(id. ) ,

penv:->r

T.

Morgan] Noyadd Ponnar als. Ponwoare 1 727 Peterwell MS 1 4, Noyadd Pennar als. Penuaur 1 753 Peterwell MS 43, Noyadd Penuar als. Peuvaur 1 75 3 Peterwell MS 44, Penvor 1 8 1 4 Falcondale MS 1 94 p. 29, Penvor 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Penfor OOS 1 82 1 , Pen'for OS 1 83 4, Penfor 1 83 9TMS, Pen-fOr OS 1 89 1 , Penfor­ fawr O S 1 904

746

(49) ANHUNIOG This name seems to be an exact cognate of I. tn. Cinnmhara (Co. Galway), and its elements are found inversed in the tn Morben (SN 7 1-99, Machynlleth, Monts.). Though pen 'head' is a masculine noun in Welsh, the following lenition of the second element is attested in the Irish cognate Cinnmhara, and in toponyms such as Penfro (E. Pembroke), Peniarth!Pennarth, as well as common terms such as penglog, penddu, penfelyn, penfras, pengaled, pengam, penwan etc. At over llan from the sea, the fact that it does not abut more directly on the sea than neighbouring farms such as Tanralltlwyd or Pencastell, might be due to the fact that they are less ancient divisions of a greater land unit which was called Penfor, whose name has been preserved at this particular site. However, the earliest form of this toponym seems to point to penfar (which developed in northern Wales into penwar, as well as pennor), the meaning of which was originally 'headstall, muzzle', but which is attested by 1 607 meaning 'wicket, small gate' [GPC s.v. pennor1 , penno?] ; e.g. pennor 'llidiart fach', agor y pennor 'na (Denbs.) [1914 Cymru: 47. 1 4 1 ] . Pen-y-graig -(SN 561 -679)[pen + y + craig] ; Pen y Graig OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-graig OS 1 834, Pen-y-graig Villa OS 1 89 1 , Plas Howell OS 1 982 Penlon-isa -(SN 562-672)[pen + y + Ion (+ isat)]; Pen-y-lon OS 1 89 1 , Penlone >1 895rent, Pen-y-lon 0Sc. 1 950, Penlone isaf OS 1 982 Part of Trawsnant-isa (49-a) [>1 895rent] . Penlon -(SN 573-661)[pen + y + lon] ; Penton 1 803map J. Singer, Pen-lon OS1 982 Penrhiw -(SN 567-667)[pen + y + rhiw]; [kapel' pe'hnw D. Williams, pe'hriW T. Morgan, pe'riW R. Richards] Penrhiw Trawsnant 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 529, Pen-rhiw Chapel (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiw c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel Pen-rhiw OS 1 904, Ysgoldy Penrhiw 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 45, 'a chapel and vestry called' Penrhiw-Trawsnant, 'chapel called' Penrhiw, Capel Penrhiw 1 983 Ddolen n. 58 b. 1 834 as a schoolhouse [ 1 851Rel cens . : 529; 1 904 J. Evans: 145; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 4 1 ] ; first chapel 1 859, 1 883 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 4 1 ] ; cf Jopa (49-a). Penrhiwbwys -(SN 547-689) [pen + rhiw + ? ] ; Pen y Rhyw 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, (c) Llain Penrhuebwys 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Pen-'rhiw OS1 834, Penrhebrwys 1 83 9TMS, Pen-rhiw-b\Vys OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw-bwys OS1 904 See Rhiwbwys (49-a). Penrhiw Mabwys -(SN 557-681 ) [pen + y + rhiw + tn. Mabwys (49-a)] ; Penrhew Mabus 1 839TMS, Pen-rhiw-mabws OS 1 891 Penrhoser -(SN 543-687)[pen + pn. Rhoser]; [pen'hroser T. Morgan] Pen-y-rhosser OS 1 89 1 , Penrosser 1 894 J.Evans p. 42, Pen-rosser OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 839-91 [ 1 839TMS; OS1 891] . The account ofthe building of this place given by J. Evans [ 1894: 1 45-46] appears to be incorrect in a number of ways: "Cyfodwyd y lle a elwir Penrosser ar un ran o Ty'ncwm i'r par ieuanc i ddechreu byw". Firstly because of the date of c. 1 796, and secondly because of the site which was a field of Ffrwd-fawr (49-a) called (c229) Llain Penrhiwcilog ( 1839TMS] (though it lay right on the boundary with the lands of Tyncwm, 49-a ). The only way to solve the discrepancy without concluding J. Evans was wholly inaccurate is to posit a house b. c. 1 796, but abandoned by 1 839, followed by a house of the same name built in the same area after 1 839. Penrhoser-fach -(SN 543-685)[pen + pn. Rhoser (+ bach)] ; Ffrwd yr Wyad issa 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Pen y Posser (sic) 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Rosser 1 839TMS, Pen-y-rhos-fiich (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Ffrood issa als. Penrosser >1 895rent, Penrhosser fach, (c) Rhosser fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 In ruins [OS1 904] . This name seems to be in the small category of Welsh toponyms containing pen + a personal-name, e.g. Penrhys (Rhondda, Glarus.). This name first appears in the eighteenth century, and the holding appears to have been originally part of the tenement Ffrwd-y-hwyad (see F.frwd-fawr, 49-a). The nearby Penrhoser (49-a), b.bet. 1 83 9-9 1 , overshadowed the original Penrhoser by 1 891 , leading to it being called Penrhoser-fach. The fact that the construction pen + personal-name is rare, and that the form of 1 733 and 1 89 1 , just as with the forms of Bwlchrhoser (76-a) contain a definite article before the qualifier (e.g. Bwlch y Rhosser 1 662/63, Bwlch y Rosser 1 7 1 9, and many others until the 1 843 form) might lead us to ask whether there is a common-noun *rhoser, *hoser, or even *oser which could account for the medial definite article. I believe there is none, so that it is the name Rhoser that we have, its use as a surname would explain the prefixing of the definite article, though I am still uneasy about a name with pen + personal-name. 747

(49) ANHUNIOG Pentre-bach -(SN 552-683)(pentref (+ bach)] ; Cae'r Pentre 1 793sur map, Tythin y Pentre als. Caerpentre 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Cae Pentre 1 827PR Llanrhystud, Cae'rpentre 1 83 9TMS, Pentre-bach OS 1 89 1 Pentre-isa -(SN 538-694)[pentref (+ isaf)] ; [pentre'isa R Richards] Pentre-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Pentre-isaf 0Sc. 1 950 The -isa is in opposition to, either, the houses grouped around Llanrhystud church, or, those grouped w of the bridge. Pentre-mawr -(SN 5 5 1 -684)[pentref (+ mawr)] ; Pentre 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Pentre OOS 1 82 1 , Pentre OS 1 834, Pentre-mawr OS 1 89 1 Perthi-llwydon -(SN 556-673)[perthi + llwydion]; [perei T. Morgan] Perthillwydon 1 81 5PR Llanrhystud, Ty bach OOS 1 82 1 , Tyr bach ? 1 83 9TMS, Perthi-llwydion OS1 89 1 Tir-bach lies between Perthi-llwydon (49-a) and Ty-hen (49-a) [ 18391MS]. Pigyn-isa -(SN 574-670)(pigyn (+ isaf)]; [pigm A Davies, pigm'isa T. Morgan] Pigyn 1 8 1 8PR, Castell Pigin OOS 1 82 1 , Castell-pigyn OS1 834, Castell Pigin, Castell Piggin 1 83 9TMS, Pigyn-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Pigyn-isaf OS1 891 The form of 1 82 1 seems to associate this name with the mansion of Castellpigyn (Abergwili, Carms.), or could conceivably refer to the local topography; cf. Castellpigyn (22-a), Penpicyn (56-b). Pigyn-ucha -(SN 579-678)[pigyn (+ uchaf)] ; [pigm'�za T . Morgan] Pigyn-uchaf OS 1 834, Pigyn-uchaf OS 1 891 Pomprencarreg -(SN 574-685)[pompren + carreg] ; Pont-careg OS 1 891 , Pontbren-gareg OS 1 904 Pwll-y-berllan -(SN 547-682)[pwll + y + perllan ?] ; Pwll Prilla, Pwll Pralla 1 83 9TMS, Pwll-y-berllan O S 1 89 1 The 1 83 9 form could conceivably be interpreted as a development o f perllan -+ *perlla (cf cwpan -+ cwpa) , however, perllan 'orchard' in dialect is unattested as *perlla, the lack of lenition ofprilla, pralla is irregular, and those forms can be compared with those of Perlla (54-a). If the in this name can be shown to be [-I-], then we may have the term pela 'tit' (L. Paridr:e), which was pronounced per/a glas bach 'blue tit' in eastern Carmarthenshire [GPC s.v. pela] . Ratas -(SN 547-692)( ? ]; [ratas T. Morgan, a'retas, retas R Richards] Aratas 1 904 J.Evans p. 385 Below the road from Melin Rhiwbwys (49-a) [inf T. Morgan] ; The name was given by a ship's captain, who built the house, naming it after a King in the Bible (inf. R. Richards], which would seem to be Arathes, king of Cappadocia. Rhiwbwys -(SN 546-692)[rhiw + ? ]; [hnw'bujs T. Morgan, kapel,hnw'bujs C. Jones] Rhyw Bwys 1 793sur map, Rhyw Bwys 1 820PR Llangwrddon, Rhiw Bwys OOS 1 82 1 , Ty cwrdd 1 822PR Llanrhystud, Rhiw-bwys OS1 834, Brynell Meeting House 1 839TMS, Rhiw-bwys + Capel Rhiw-bWys OS1 89 1 , Rhiwbwys (Llanrhystyd) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, Rhiw-bwys + Capel Rhiw-bwys OS 1 904, Chapel OS 1 982 This name is unexplained, but has been connected to that of Mabwys (see sub Mabwys-hen, 49-a), however, the argument given for both names containing a hn. *Bwys was discarded as being, :finally, unconvincing. The name has been explained to me as containing pwys 'weight', referring to the difficulties caused carrying weights up or down the steep ascent it undoubtedly represents (inf.]; cf the Breton phrase poez-traofi lit. 'down-weight', meaning 'declivity, steepness; gravity', e.g. poez traofi zo ga 'n hent ' the road is steep' [1 992 F. Favereau: 610] . A dialect note of lolo Morganwg seems to tentatively note bwys as a variation of mwys 'basket': " bwys the same as mwys, a basket qu.?" [1880-1820 I. Morg. : l l 3]. This variation of mwys, if it existed (which is not securely known to be the case even from Iolo Morganwg's own writings, nor attested by GPC [s.v. mwys ]), could account for Rhiwbwys 'the ascent of the basket', perhaps referring to the produce of the sea being carried inland from Llanrhystud. However this is only a very tenuously based conjecture, and should not be convincing unless more evidence were to augument it. It seems a strange coincidence that the (presumably earlier) alias of Mabwys (49-a) should be called Ffynnon Basket; see Penrhiwbwys (49-a), cf Gwembwys (SH 82-65, Eglwys-bach, Denbs. ). A chapel was b. 1 78 1 [ 1 851Re1 cens. : 528; c.1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 981 Ddo1en: 34] ; enl. 1 820 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 528; 1 904 J . Evans: 1 53 ; 1981 Ddolen: 34]; reb. 1 83 2 [ 1851Rel cens. : 528; 1 904 J . Evans: 1 53; 1 981 Ddolen: 34] ; ren. 1 87 1 [1 904 J . Evans: 153; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 141 ] . 748

(49) ANHUNIOG Rhos-fach -(SN 588-673) [rhos (+ bach)] ; Rhos-ffich OS 1 89 1 Rhos-fawr -(SN 579-659) [rhos (+ mawr)] ; [hro:s'vowr T . Morgan] Rhos fawr 1 839TMS, Rhos-fawr OS 1 89 1 Rhoslwyd -(SN 587-66 1 )[rhos + llwyd]; [hro:s'lojd, hro:s'lu·jd T . Morgan] Gorse Lwyd, (c556) Rhos (prox.) 1 83 9TMS, Rhos-l"Wyd 08 1 89 1 , Rhos-lwyd 0Sc. 1 950 Rhosmaen -(SN 586-647)[rhos + tn. Maen (49-a)] ; [hro:s'ma:n A Davies, hro:s�'ma:n J. R Rees, hro:s�'majn J. A Hopkins] Rhosmaen 1 83 9TMS, Rhos-maen OS1 89 1 Rhosolchfa -(SN 5 8 1 -670)[rhos + yr + golchfa] ; [hro:s':llzva T . Morgan] Rhos-yr-olchfa OS 1 891 Rhydfudr -(SN 595-67 1 ) [rhyd + budr]; [hri:d'v�drr D. Williams, D. M. Jones, hri·d'v�d ir D. Rees, hri:d'vidrr T. Morgan] Rhyd Fudyr 08 1 834, Rhyd Fydir 1 83 9TMS, Rhyd-fudr OS 1 89 1 Rhydlas-isa -(SN 559-672)[rhyd + glas (+ isaf)] ; [hri:d ,la:s'isa T. Morgan] Rhydlas 1 74 1 PR Llanrhystud, Rhydlase 1 760CF, Rhyd Las isaf 008 1 82 1 , Rhyd-Ias-isaf 08 1 834, Rhydlas isa 1 83 9TMS, Rhyd-las-isaf O S 1 891 , Rhydlasissa >1 895rent, Rhyd-las-isaf OS 1 904 Rhydlas-ucha -(SN 5 6 1 -671)[rhyd + glas (+ uchaf)] ; [hri:dJa:s'iza T. Morgan] Rhyd Las uchaf 008 1 82 1 , Rhyd-las-uchaf 0 8 1 834, Rhydlas ucha 1 83 9TMS, Rhyd-las-uchaf 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-las-uchaf O S 1 834 Rhydlwyd -(SN 600-656)[rhyd + llwyd]; [hri:d'lojd J. A Hopkins] Rhyd-l"Wyd OS 1 89 1 Rhydroser -(SN 562-677)(rhyd + pn. Rhoser] ; (hri:d'roser T . Morgan] Rhyd Rosser 1 8 1 5PR Llanrhystud, Rhydrosedd 1 820PR Llanrhystud, Rhydrhosydd 008 1 82 1 , Rhyd y Rhoser 1 823PR Llangwrddon, Rhydroser 1 83 0PR Llangwrddon, Rhyd Rhosser 081 834, Rhyd-rhosser 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-rosser O S 1 904 This seems to undeniably contain the pn. Rhoser, however for the possibility of a common-noun, see sub Penrhoser (49-a) . Simnai-wen -(SN 601 -662)[simnai + gwen]; Simne-wen OS 1 891 Tai-hirion -(SN 572-664)[tai + hirion] ; [ta'hrrj:ln D. Williams] Tai-hirion 1 8 1 5PR Llansantfred, Llidiart Trawsnant 081 834, Taihiron 1 832PR Llansantfred, Blaen Trawsnant 1 839TMS, Tai-hirion O S1 89 1 Talwrn -(SN 572-67 1 ) [talwrn]; [talon, talorn T . Morgan] Talwrn-mawr ? 1 739PR Llanrhystud, Talwrn-mawr ? 1 760CF, Talwrn OOS 1 82 1 , Talwrn OS 1 834, Talwrn OS 1 891 Talwmcoch -(SN 589-672)[talwrn + coch] ; [talon'ko:z T. Morgan] Talwrn Coch 008 1 82 1 , Talwrn-goch 081 834, Talwin Coch 1 83 9TMS, Talwrn-goch 08 1 89 1 , Talwrn­ coch O S 1 904 Talwmhogfaen -(SN 580-679)[talwrn + yr + hogfaen] ; [talurn':lgwan S. Jones (Blaencaron)] Talwrn'-r-hogfaen 081 834, Talwrn yr Hogfaen, Talwin yr Hogpen 1 839TMS, Talwrn-hogfaen OS 1 89 1 Talwrnllyn -(SN 575-660)[talwrn + y + llyn]; [talon'im T . Morgan] Talwrn Llyn 1 839TMS, Talwrn-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Talwrnllyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 43 Tanralltlwyd -(SN 529-684)[tan + yr + aUt + llwyd]; Tythyn Dan yr Alit Lwyd 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Tythyn Dan yr Allt Llwyd 1 7 1 4 Crosswood MSS, (c) Llain Tan yr Allt als. Llainllwyd ? 1 723 MRichardson MSS p.296, Tan yr All Llwyd 1 746 Crosswood MS S, Galltlwyd als. Tanyrallt Lwyd 1 795 Alltlwyd MSS, Alltlwyd ganol ? 1 796 Alltlwyd MSS, Tanrallt lwya 1 803map J. Singer, Tanyralltlwyd 1 824PR Llanilar, Tan'r Allt-llwyd 081 834, Danalltlwyd 1 839TMS, Tanralltlwyd als. Tanrallt als. Alltlwyd 1 869 Alltlwyd MSS, Tan-yr-allt-1\Vyd 081 891 , Alltlwyd canol ? > 1 895rent, Tan-yr-allt-lwyd 0Sc. 1 95 0, Alltlwyd Home Farm OS 1 982 Tan-y-bont -(SN 539-696)[tan + y + pont]; (c82) Danybont 1 83 9TMS Tancwarel -(SN 594-657)[tan + y + cwarel] ; [tan'kwarel A. Davies, J. A Hopkins] Tanyquarrel 1 839TMS, Tan-chwarel 08 1 89 1 , Tanchwarel 1 906 J.J.Morgan p.98 749

(49) ANHUNIOG Tanffynnon -(SN 575-652) [tan + y + ffynnon] ; Tan-ffynnon OS 1 891 Tanfoel -(SN 539-693)[tan + y + moel] ; [tan'v�el T. Morgan, tan'v�·jl R Richards] (c721) Dan Foel cott. 1 839TMS, Tan-y-foel OS 1 89 1 Tangraig -(SN 598-65 7)(tan + y + craig] ; Tan-graig OS 1 89 1 See Craigfront (49-b). Tanlluest -(SN 591 -665)[tan + y + lluest] ; [tan'iiest T. Morgan] Tan Lluest O S 1 834, Tanlluast, Tan y Lluast 1 839TMS, Tan-lluest OS1 891 Tanpompren -(SN 537-695)(tan + y + pompren]; [tan'b�mpren R Richards] Dan-y-pont-pren 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Danypontpren 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Tanypompren >1 895rent Trawsnant-isa -(SN 564-667)[traws + nant (+ isaf)] ; Trawsnant isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Trawsnant-isaf OS 1 834, Trawsnant issa 1 839TMS, Trawsnant-isaf OS 1 89 1 Trawsnant-ucha -(SN 568-665)[traws + nant (+ uchaf)] ; Tythin y Trawsnant ycha 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Tythyn Trosnant ycha 1 71 4 Crosswood MSS, Trawsnant 1 73 8PR Llanrhystud, Trawsnant uchaf OOS 1 82 1 , Trawsnant ucha 1 839TMS, Trawsnant­ uchaf O S 1 89 1 This name probably refers t o the stream that joins the river Peris immediately below Trawsnant-ucha. Ty-cam -(SN 53 8-695)[ty + cam] ; (c78) Ty Cam 1 83 9TMS Ty-draw -(SN 564-678) [ty + draw] ; [ti'draw T. Morgan] Ty Draw OS 1 982 Ty-hen -(SN 552-672) [ty + hen] ; Siop O S 1 834, Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 , Shop als. Tyrhane >1 895rent Ty-mawr -(SN (ii)536-694)[tY + mawr] ; [ti'mawr T. Morgan, ti'mowr R Richards] Tuy mawr 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Tyr mawr y Dre 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tymawr 1 839TMS, Ty-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Tyrmawrun Dra >1 895rent, The Memorial Hall (i) 1 936 W.Edwards pp. 64-65, Hall (i), Ty­ mawr (ii) OS 1 982 i) SN 536-694. On SE side of the road. 1 839. ii) SN 5 3 6-694. On NW side of the road. 1 89 1 . The ftrst site may be the "the traces of the monastic institution" alluded by B. H . Malkin, to which S. R Meyrick [1 808: 298] took such exception, but c£ Ysbyty-hal (50-a) . W. Edwards [ 1936: 64-65] noted that: "According to local tradition this nunnery stood on the site of the Memorial Hall. " ; this is made the more credible when we know Cae'rcleifon lay some 500m s of this site (see sub Loncleifon, 49-b) . In medieval times both Llansantfred and Llanrhystud were held by the Hospitallers, under the Commandery of Slebech (Pembs. ), and at least in another possession of theirs viz Ystradmeurig (57-a) - they appear to have looked after lepers, see sub Dre-isa (58-a). The mention of a nunnery seems doubtful, though it seems to have originated in the identiftcation of Llansantfred (48-a) with a nunnery: " There is mention of the Abbey of Llan Fraid in the book De Dotatione Ecclesiae S. Davidis, and of Llan Saint Fraid Nunnery in Giraldus. But whether either of them was at this place is very uncertain; though there hath been [a] great building. " ( 181 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Sant Ffraid] . I do not know on what authority LBS [1 907: 1 .283 ] locates the nunnery: " . . . about a mile to the north of Llanrhystud. ", unless the name Sbeit (51-a) was taken to refer to some religious ediftce; see Ty-mawr (50-a). Tyncwm -(SN 540-690)[tyddyn + y + cwm] ; Tydan y Grange als. Tyddyn y Cwm 1 723 M Richardson MSS p.296, Tynycwm and Pengraigfach 1 7 60CF, Ty-yn-y-cwm 1 793sur map, Tynycwm 1 8 1 6PR Llansantfred, Tyn y Cwm OOS 1 82 1 , Tyncwm 1 822PR Llanrhystud, Tyn-y-cwm OS 1 834, Cwm Pencastell 1 841 cens. Inexistent [OS1891] . The 1 723 form has *graige garbled as grange, the craig 'rock' in question being that of Pen-y-foel (49-b). Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 549-675) [tY + newydd] ; Bull 1 8 1 5PR Llanrhystud, Bwl 1 820PR Llanrhystud, The Bull OOS 1 82 1 , The Bull O S 1 834, Bool Inn 1 833PR Llansantfred, Bull Inn 1 839TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 597-669)(Rhydfudr)[tY + newydd]; -

750

(49) ANHUNIOG Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 547-684)(Ffrwd)[tY + newydd]; [ti,newi�'farm T. Morgan, ti'newd5 R Richards] Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(iv)(SN 5 55-680)(Brynherbert)[cy + newydd]; Ty-newydd OS1 891 Ty-newydd(v) -(SN 566-664)(Jopa)[tY + newydd] ; Ty newydd 1 839TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Tynfron -(SN 5 58-682)[tyddyn + y + bron]; Tyn y Fron 1 81 3PR Llansantfred, Tynfron {attempt at placing between and } 1 826PR Llanrhystud, Tyn-y-fron OS 1 891 , Ty'n-y-fron OS1 904 Tynrhelyg -(SN 555-681 )[tyddyn + yr + helyg]; [ti'hrehg T. Morgan, R Richards, C. Jones, tm'hrehg R. Richards] Tythyn yr Heligg 1 669/70 MRichardson MSS p. 295, Tythyn yr Helig 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p.296, Tyn yr Helig 1 757PR Llanrhystud, Ty yn yr Helig 1 793 sur map, Tynrhelig 1 823PR Llanrhystud, Ty'n-yr­ helyg OS 1 89 1 , Ty'rhelyg 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 45 Tynmynydd -(SN 583-668)[tyddyn + y + mynydd]; [tm'm�m 1 895rent geonyms Allt-fach -(SN 541 -695)[allt + bach]; Alit fiich OS 1 89 1 Allt-fawr -(SN 536-687)[allt + mawr]; Alit fawr OS 1 904 See sub Loncleifon (49-b). Banc-y-dawns -(SN 534-679)[banc + y + dawns] ; (c145) Bank y Downs 1 839TMS, Banc y Dawns 1 904 J.Evans p. l 35 Public games were held here after the llithiau, before the Methodist Revival [1 904 J. Evans: 1 35]. One can compare Ty-dawns (unloc., 56) : "There is no church in the parish ofLledrod-ucha, and when Sunday games became compulsory in the reign of James I, a central meeting place became necessary - hence the erection of Ty Dawns." [ 1926 in CAST: 4.57]. Bryn-bach -(SN 582-609)[bryn + bach]; (c550) Talwrn Bryn bach 1 839TMS Castell-bach -(SN 538-688)[castell + bach]; [bagk,gwar'velm T. Morgan] Castell bach OOS1 82 1 , Castell-bach OS1 834, Castell bach OS1 891 Castell-mawr -(SN 537-686)[castell + mawr]; [kastcl'mowr, kastcl'mawr R Richards] Castell-mawr O S 1 834, Castell mawr OS 1 891 Cors Mabwys -(SN 583-674)[cors + tn Mabwys (49-a)]; 751

( 49) ANHUNIOG Gorse Mabws 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog Cors Pwll-y-badell -(8N 585-655)[ cors + tn. Pwll-y-badell]; Pwll-y-badell (sic loc.) 081 834, Cors Pwll-y-badell 081 904 For peat-cutting here, see WGaz. 0 1/12/1 92 1 & 1 6/02/1 922. Craigrydderch -(8N 561 -682)[craig + pn. Rhydderch] ; (c666) Craig Rhydderch 1 83 9TM8, Craig Rhydderch 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 29, Craig Ydderch 1 924-26 C8RL8 44 Ffynnonbotwn -(8N 601 -67l)[ffynnon + y + botwn] ; Ffynnon y Buttun 1 81 6Encl. map Anhuniog, Ffynnon Bwttwn 1 839TM8 Graigfront -(8N 598-657)[y + craig + bront]; Craigfront 1 864Encl. map Blaenpennal Loncleifon -(8N 534-692)[lon + y + cleifion] ; [lo:n'glejv�n, lo:n'klejvj�n (prompted form) T. Morgan, lo:n 'glejvj�n C. Jones, R Richards] (c) Park Gallt y Cliffion 1 723 M.Richardson M88 p.296, Caerleifon 1 83 0 Alltlwyd MS 8, (c68) Cae Clivon 1 839TM8, Caeclei:fion 1 869 Alltlwyd M88, Ca Clei:fion 1 924-26 C8RL8 44, Cae y Clei:fion, Lon Glei:fion 1 936 W.Edwards p. 63 On the mound shown on the map at 8N 536-688 [OS1 982]: " . . . field below the fort . . . used to be a mound . . . the field in which the mound was situated is called Cae y Cleifion . . . and the lane leading to it is known as Lon Glei:fion. " [ 1 936 w. Edwards: 63]; see sub Ty-mawr (50-a). Pen-y-foel -(8N 541 -693)[pen + y + moel] ; [pen�'v�jl T. Morgan] Pen y Foel 008 1 82 1 , Pen y Foel 08 1 834, Y Foel 08 1 89 1 Cf Tyncwm (49-a). Penhebrysg -(8N 599-668)[pen + hir ? + prysg] ; [pen'ebnsk, pen hebnsk J. A Hopkins, brm'hebnsk E. Evans] Ebriscfawr 08 1 834, Hebrisk fawr, (cs1 473-85) Hebrisc fach, (c1 435) [ ] Dan Hebrisk 1 839TMS, Hebrisk, Hebrisk vach (prox.) 1 841 cens. , Ebrisc fawr 08 1 891 , Mynydd Hebrys 1 970 CER vol. 6 p.321 , th ar Ben y Hebrysg fawr { 1 9 cent. local rhyme} >1 897 in 1 975 R Phillips p.220, o Fryn Hebrysg 1 975 R.Phillips p.23 5 This name could be the same as that found in Cefnhirbrysg (SN 89-91 , Llangurig, Monts.), the development of Hirbrysg � *Herbrysg - cf Hirgoed herg �d (Llangurig, Monts.) [inf. T. Griffiths] - with the subsequent dissimilation of the first leaving Hebrysg would be quite regular. Another possibility may be heb + prysg, on the pattern of heblwyn, common in toponymy, though one might expect unvoicing * heprysg; cf. Hirfryn hevrm (68-b). Here people cut peat [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 220; 1 990 E. Jones: 49] ; there was a house of that name [inf. J. A Hopkins]. Pontmaen -(8N 587-648)[pont + tn. Maen (49-a)]; Pont Maen 008 1 82 1 , Pont Maen 08 1 834 '

752

(50) MYFENYDD LLANRHYSTUD MYFENYDD Bane -(SN 539-703)[banc]; (bauk T. Morgan, i·r'bauk R Richards] Tynewydd, Tynewydd als. Penlanogle, Bank in Penlanogle 1 839TMS, Bane OS 1 891 Blac-leion -(SN 538-697)[E. black + lion]; (blak'li:m, ;)'blak R Richards] Black Lion, (c38) Llanrhystid Farm ? 1 839TMS Blaenresgair -(SN 590-685)(blaen + tn. Resgair (50-a)]; [bla'resker T. Morgan] Blaenyresgir 1 821PR L1angwrddon, Blaen Esgyr 1 836PR Llangwrddon, Blaen-yr-esgair OS 1 89 1 Blaenplwyf -(SN 598-686)(blaen + y + plwyf]; [bla:n 'pluj D . M Jones] Blaen y Plwyf 1 8 1 5PR Llangwrddon, Blaenplwyf 1 839TMS, Blaen-plwyf OS1 89 1 , Blaen-plwyf OS1 904 Bondaj -(SN 564-70 1 ) [E. bondage]; (b:mdad3 R Richards] Bondage 1 84l cens. , Bondage OS 1 891 This name is no doubt due to an ironic comparison of the conditions of livelihood available on this site with bondage; cf Transbort (41-a). Bryn -(SN 598-682)[bryn]; [brm D. M Jones] Bryn 1 839TMS, Bryn OS1 891 Bryneithin -(SN 537-698)[bryn + eithin] ; Bryneithin OS 1 982 Brynffosydd -(SN 550-71 5)[bryn + y + ffosydd] ; [bnws, briWz R Richards, (c) p�nt;)'bnws (SN 5 50-7 1 5) E. Williams, (c) p�nt;)'briWz R Richards] Brinffosydd 1 739PR Llanrhystud, Bryn Ffosydd 1 803map J.Singer, Brynffoesydd 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Bryn Ffosydd OOS 1 82 1 , Brynffoydd 1 827PR Llansantfred, Brinffoesyd 1 829PR Llanrhystud, Bryn'Ffosydd OS 1 834, Bryn Fosyd, Brynffosedd, Brynffosidd 1 839TMS, Brynffosydd 1 839TMS Llanddeinoel, Bruce als. Brynffosydd, (c) Bane y Bruce 1 921map M.Jones, (c) Ca'r Bruce 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 The alias is briws 'brewhouse', probably connected to the inn at Sbeit (51-a); cf Cwmfellten (50-b). Bryngwyn -(SN 564-697) [bryn + gwyn] ; Bryngwyn 1 788 NLW misc. MS S vol.3 p.3, Bryn Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Bryngwyn 1 830 Alltlwyd MSS, Bryn-gwyn OS1 834, Bryn Gwyn 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Bryngwyn, Bryngwynn 1 839TMS, Bryn-gwyn OS 1 89 1 Brynhop -(SN 592-678)[tn Brynhop (34-a)] ; [brm'ho:p T . Morgan, D . M Jones] Bryn Hop, Brynhope 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-hope OS 1 891 Brynwyre -(SN 573-696)(bryn + hn. Wyre]; Brynwyre 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 529, Bryn-wyre (Sun. Sch. ) OS1 891 b. 1 849, CM [ 1 851Rel cens . : 529] ; "This house was used for occasional preaching and as a Sabbath School for several years prior to 1 849. " [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 140] . Bury Lodge -(SN 591 -675)[E.sn. [Bracken] bury + lodge]; [beri'l�d3 J. A Hopkins] Derry Lodge 1 839TMS, Bery Lodge 1 841 cens., Bury Lodge OS 1 891 The initial of the 1 83 9 form appears to be a mistake for . Though there is an English surname Berry, Bury [ 1 976 DES: 41 ], it seems almost certain that the element Bury was extracted from the name of Augustus Brackenbury, the infamous Sais bach of the early nineteenth century, who had bought the adjoining commonland, and built himself his ftrst house at nearby Greenmeadow (50-a) in 1 8 1 9-21 . Brackenbury was also known locally as Biria Bach [ 1 969 Cymro: 24/12/69] . Bwlchgwragedd -(SN 580-709)(bwlch + y + gwragedd]; Bwlch Grwgedd 1 826PR, Bwlch y Gwragedd cott., (c) Bank Gwragedd 1 839TMS, Bwlch OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch-y-gwragedd OS 1 904 Bwlchgwynt -(SN 597-686)[bwlch + y + gwynt]; Bwlchgwynt 1 827PR Llangwrddon, Bwlch-y Gwynt 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Bwlchgwint als. Sergent House 1 839TMS, Bwlch-y-gwynt OS 1 89 1 Bwlch-y-mynydd -(SN 590-682)[bwlch + y + mynydd] ; Bwlch y Mynydd 1 8 1 7PR Llangwrddon, (cs1406-1 0) Mountain Gate (prox., SN 598-678) 1 839TMS, Bwlch-y-mynydd OS1 891 Probably named as there was an opening for traffic through c/awdd-y-mynydd [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 275] . Cilfachafel -(SN 558-703)[cilfach + pn. Mel]; (gdvaz'avel T. Morgan, R Richards] 753

(50) MYFENYDD Kilvachafel 1 694 Pengelli MSS, KilfachafeL Kilfachavel 1 732/33 Bronwydd MSS, Kilfachafel 1 733 Pengelli MSS , Cilvachavel 1 73 6 Hendrefelen MSS, Kilvachavel 1 73 8PR Llanrhystud, Kilvach-Avel 1 750PR Llanrhystud, Cilfach Mel 1 75 9PR Llamhystud, Gilvachavel 1 760CF, Gilfach-afel 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Cylfach Hafel OOS 1 82 1 , Gilfach-hafel OS 1 834, GilfachaveL GilfachafeL Gilfachawel 1 83 9TMS, Gilfach-hafel OS 1 89 1 The lack o f defmite article in the forms argues against a lenited form o f gafael - which would, in any case, be the only attestation of that term in Cardiganshire toponymy - this make its likelier that it contains the pn Afel, cf OC.pn A bel [lOth- l l thcent. Bodm.Manu.] . Cnwc-y-barcut -(SN 587-703)[cnwc + y + barcut] ; [knuk�'barkit T . Morgan, knuk D . Rees] Knwck y Barkyd 1 596 in 1 93 8 E. G.Jones, Knwck y-barkit 1 740PR Llanrhystud, Knwck y Barcut 1 760CF, Cnwck-y-barkit 1 785PR Llanrhystud, Cnwckub. 1 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Cnwck y Barkit 1 820PR Llangwrddon, Cnwc Barcut OOS 1 82 1 , Cnwc-y-bugail (sic) OS 1 834, Cnwc y Barkit 1 839TMS, Cnwc-y-barcut OS 1 89 1 Combwch -(SN 5 82-697)[com + y + bwch] ; Comybwch 1 78 3 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Corn-bwch 1 83 9TMS, Corn y Bwch 1 760CF, Cambwch, Cambuch 1 83 9TMS, Corn-bwch OS 1 89 1 See Com-y-bwch (52-a). Cwm -(SN 5 52-686) [cwm] ; Cwm bychan 1 669/70 MRichardson MSS p.295, Cwmbychan 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p.296, Cwm OOS 1 82 1 Cwmberwyn -(SN 577-706)[tn. Cwmberwyn (33-a)] ; Pencwm Berwin 1 8 1 5PR, Cwmbir Wyn cott. 1 839TMS, Berwyn, (c) Cwm Berwyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 Cwmberwyn (33-a) was in the possession of Castlehill (54-a) which had an extensive estate in this area. Cwmset -(SN 550-692)[cwm + ? ] ; [kum'set has heard R. Richards] Cwmset 1 828PR Llanrhystud, Coomset 1 829PR Llanrhystud, (c745) Cwm Sept, (c) Fron Gwm Sept 1 839TMS, Cwm Set 1 924-26 C SRLS 44 The meaning of set is unclear though it must be derived from English (the spelling sept is likely to simply be an attempt to 'improve' the word on the pattern of E. debt det, but it rules out the word set 'seat'). In English set als. sett can mean a 'badger's burrow' or a 'granite paving-block', the former being the more likely. Dolau-gwyrddion -(SN 60 1 -673)[dolau + gwyrddion] ; [dole D. M. Jones] Dolau-Gwyrddion OS1 891 Dolboeth -(SN 549-69 1 ) [dol + poeth] ; [d�l'b::ne T. Morgan, d�l'b�·jB D. Williams] Dol-boeth OS 1 89 1 A number of houses. Dreinllwyn -(SN 5 86-70 1 )[drain + llwyn]; Drainllwyn 1 8 1 4PR Llangwrddon, Drainllwynfach (prox.) 1 8 1 7 in 1 968 AE.Davies p. 20, Drainlln 1 8 1 8PR Llangwrddon, Drainllwyn OS 1 834, Dren-llwyn 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Drain LlWyn 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Drain Llwyn bach 1 83 9TMS, Gilfach-hafel OS 1 89 1 , Draenllwyn OS 1 982, Drenllwyn inf. E. Evans Elba -(SN 570-71 1 )[tn. Elba (Italy)] ; Elba 1 83 0PR Llanddeinoel, (c942) Elba 1 83 9TMS, Elfa 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 This place, on the boundary of Llanrhystud and Llanddeinoel parishes was named Elba in allusion to the place in which Napoleon Bonaparte was first exiled. Resgair -(SN 5 87-689)[yr + esgair] ; [resker T. Morgan] Tythyn yr Eskeir 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Resgair 1 803map J. Singer, Esgair fawr OOS 1 821 , Esgair 1 822PR Llangwrddon, 'Resger 1 828PR Llanrhystud, Esgair fawr OS 1 834, Yr Esgyr 1 83 1 PR Llangwrddon, Esgyr 1 833PR Llangwrddon, Esker 1 83 6PR Llangwrddon, Esgir fawr 1 83 2PR Llanrhystud, Esgair 1 83 9TMS, Esgair-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Esgair OS 1 904, R'esgair 1 975 RPhillips p.24, Pentre'r Esgair 1 990 E. Jones p. 1 1 3 Fachwen -(SN 5 54-703)[y + bach + gwen ? ]; Vachwen 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Cilfachwen ? 1 8 1 6PR Llangwrddon, Cilfach Wen ? 1 823PR Llangwrddon, Fachwen 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Frachwen 1 841 cens. Felindre -(SN 546-700)[y + melin + tref] ; 754

(50) MYFENYDD Velindre 1 750PR Llanrhystud, Velindre, Velindre Tucking Mill 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Felinydre 1 829PR Llanrhystud, Felindre 1 839TMS, Felindre OS 1 89 1 , Velindre Villa OS 1 982

Felin-ganoi -(SN 542-698)[y + melin + canol] ; [velm'gan;,l Moelivor Mill 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Moleyvor

T. Morgan]

Mill 1 826 M Richardson MS 1 045-46, Felin genol

1 8 1 3PR Llanrhystud, Melin ganol OOS 1 82 1 , Melin ganol OS 1 834, Moel Ivor Mill als. Felin ganol, Felin gannol l 839TMS, Felin ganol O S 1 8 9 1

Ffospilcorn -(SN 5 5 0-709)[ffos + y + pilcorn] ; [fo:s'bdk;,rn T .

Morgan,

fo·s'pdk;,rn R .

Richards]

Fforypilwrn 1 80 8 S.R Meyrick p. 3 27, Ffos y Pilcorn OOS 1 82 1 , Ffoespylcorn 1 824PR L1anrhystud, Ffos­ y-pilcorn O S 1 8 34, Ffoesypilcorn, Ffos Pilcorn 1 83 9TMS, Ffos-y-pilcorn OS 1 89 1 , Ffos Bilcorn inf. E.Evans The given by

M.

Jones

[1 921map]

is: "Ffosypilcorn is a corruption of Ffosypilwrn. Pilwrn is the Welsh

name for a fish called dart. Years ago there was a pool near the house in which this fish existed. Pilcom is the outside covering of oats, and possibly this was thrown into the pool to feed the fish. " This is feasible, though GPC [s.v. pilwm] only knows of pilwm in the sense 'dart, javelin, arrow', and .ffos can hardly be equated with 'pool'. If pilwm was the original second element of the name - of which I am sceptical ­

can only have developed into pilcom as a result of reanalysis. Ffynnonwen -(SN 577-702) [ffynnon + gwen] ; [f;:m;,'wen T. Morgan] then it

Ffynnon Wenn 1 750PR Llanrhystud, Funonwen 1 8 1 6 G. E .Evans MSS p. 1 6, Ffynnon Wen OOS 1 82 1 , FfYnnon Wen 1 83 9TMS, FfYnnon-wen O S 1 8 9 1

Ficrej

-(SN 5 3 8 -699)[E. vicarage] ;

[i·r'v1kred3 R

Richards]

Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , Vic OS 1 982 See Ystradteilo (50-a). Frondeg(i) -(SN 5 83 -699)(Dreinllwyn) [y + bron + teg] ; Fron-deg O S 1 891

Frondeg(ii)

-(SN 548-70 1 )(Llanrhystud) [y

+ bron + tegt

Fron-deg O S 1 891

Gilwen

-(SN 5 34-703)[y + cil + gwern/gwaun ? ]; Gilwen cot. , (c) Dan y Fron F:uen (prox. ) 1 839TMS, Gilwen 1 841 cens.

Gilwen are fairly common in field-names in Pembrokeshire [1 992 PN [1 992: 3 8] "Mae'n rhaid fod yna air cilwen, lluosog cilwenau (cilwene ar lafar) a oedd ar un adeg yn elfen eitha poblogaidd wrth enwi ffermydd . . . . I Ond hyn sy'n rhyfedd - fod yna air cilwen, y gilwen, cilwenau yn air cyffredin gan bobol y wlad wrth enwi ffermydd erstalwm, a'r gair hynny heb ddigwydd o gwbwL hyd y gwn � mewn unrhyw destun llenyddol nac mewn unrhyw eiriadur. "

Names composed of, or containing

Pembs: 359] .

B. L. Jones concludes

There are a number of possibilities in explaining this name, the first is that given above which makes

*cilwennau (I do not believe this to be the case, however, for further Cilwennau (21-a). The second possibility, is that the noun cil 'nook' - though masculine in all the dictionaries - had a feminine variant, B. G. Charles [1 992 PN Pembs: 3 59] shows no hesitation in assigning 'white nook' as the meaning of Gilwen, though I believe that this also is wrong as 'white nook' is expressly attested as Cilgwyn (1 1-a, 29-a). There are examples (given by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 4 5 ] ) of lenition *cilwen

a word, with a plural

details, see sub

following cil 'nook', but these cases are all personal-names (excepting a river-name), and can be explained by genitival lenition, a survival from older Welsh. Otherwise - as far as I know and believe to be the case - lenition of an adjective after the masculine noun

Gilwen,

cil is wholly unknown.

The situation of this particular

immediately above the village of Llanrhystud, is of a hollow in a declivity, below the saddle of a

hill; it would seem rather an exaggeration to describe it as a 'nook' (W. cil). The third possibility in

Gilwen - the one I favour - is an inverse construction with a positioner ci/ 'back', rather than a -wen, is a reduced form of -wem 'marsh' or -waun 'wetland'. Due to the paucity of early documents we cannot ascertain conclusively whether the second element is -waun or -wem. Examples of the forms of Gilwen names in Pembrokeshire are: Gilwen (Nevem), Kylwen 1 3ilicent. (c. 1 600), Kilwen 1 594, Gilwen 1 7 1 5 [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 34] ; Rhos-y-gilwen (Cilgerran), Rhos Gilwen 1 63 6 [1 992 PN Pembs: 3 59] ; Gilwen (Llanfyrnach) [1 992 PN Pembs: 79] , grlwen (prox. Crymych, Pembs.) [inf. B. Williams] . The fact that none of these forms - which reach as far back as 1 600 - have anything but -wen, explaining

qualifier. The second element

can be explained as due to post-stress consonant cluster reduction, a good demonstration of which are

Hirwem in Cardiganshire: it was reduced to Hirwen as lscoed lskirwen 1 54 1 , lsherewen 1 560, lscoide, Asherwyn

the well-documented forms of the river-name early as the mid sixteenth century, e.g.

755

(50) MYFENYDD 1 620/2 1 (for the name of the lordship), and Y Allt Hyrwen 1 575/76 (Allt-Hirwem, 4-a) - though it must be noted that forms preserving survived as late as the seventeenth century. My suspicions on the origin of -wen in these names seem confirmed in at least one Pembrokeshire name, Gilwaun (SN 24-32, Clydai), Gil y Waine Lydam 1660, which is found as Gilwen in 1 84 1 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 375], and Cilweunydd (SN 29-35, Cenarth, Carms.); note also (c) Stang Kyl y Weyn (Cellan) [ 1698 G. E. Evans MSS: 2], where the defmite article may be non-etymological as in Gil y Waine Lydam 1 660. However, an argument that most of these place-names could be composed with gwern 'marsh' is the rather common occurrence of toponyms called Gilwern which is sometimes found as Gilwen, see sub Gilwern (62-a). A name with a seemingly similar reduction of -wern to -wen is Dol/wen d:llwen (70-a), whose eighteenth-century forms shows alternation between Dollwen 173 1 , 1 747, 1 789, and Dollwern 1 777, 1 799; and Llwyngronwen (58-a), Llvoyn Gronwen 1 577, Llooyne Evone Werne 1 603-25, Llwyn y Gronwem 1 632, and Cronwen kr:lnwen, gr:lnwen (78-a), Cronwen 1 760, Coronwen 1 845 (the composition cronwem 'round swamp' being attested in OW.tn. Lann Cronnguern [c. l l40 LL: 1 24]); see sub Bronorwen (1 1 -a); cf Gwaun Gilwen (SN 33-39, Penboyr, Carms.); Bwlch-y-gilwen (SN 66-43, Pumsaint, Carms.). Glancarrog -(SN 5 54-71 0)[glan + hn. Carrog] ; [glan'kar�g T. Morgan, lag'kar:lg R Richards] Glan Carrog 1 752PR Llanrhystud, Glan-carrog 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Blaen Carrog OOS 1 82 1 , Glan Carrog OS 1 834, Lancarog 1 833PR Llanrhystud, Glancarog 1 839TMS, Glan-carrog OS 1 891 Glangors -(SN 597-674) [glan + y + cors]; Lanygors 1 839TMS, Glan-gors OS 1 891 Glanrhos -(SN 597-676)[glan + y + rhos]; Glanrhos 1 760CF, Glanyrhos 1 8 1 5PR Llangwrddon, Blaenrhos 1 822PR L1anrhystud, Glan-rhos OS1 904 Inexistent [OS1891 ] . Goetre -(SN 580-695)[y + coed + tref] ; [g:ljtre T. Morgan] 'cott. ' Llain y Goytree (prox. ) 1 723 M.Richardson MS S p. 296, Goitre 1 73 9PR Llanrhystud, Goytre 1760CF, Goitre 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Goytre OS 1 834, Goytre OS 1 891 Goetre-fach -(SN 578-695)[y + coed + tref (+ bach)]; Coedtref OS 1 82 1 , Goitre fach 1 826PR Llangwrddon, Goytre-fach 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Goytre-ffich OS 1 89 1 Greenmeadow -(SN 5 90-675)[E. green + meadow] ; [gri'medo T . Morgan, g ri'medo D . M Jones] Green Meadow 1 820 in 1 964 CER vol. 5 p. 86, Green Meadow 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Greenmeadow OS 1 89 1 , 'Green Meadow' neu'r Waun Las 1 969 Cymro 24/1 2/69, Waunleb als. Waen Las 1 971 RPhillips p. 3 53 , 'before was called' Cae Calch Ty-coch 1 975 RPhillips p.23 1 , Waun-wleb 'older name' 1990 E.Jones p.49 Augustus Brackenbury - nicknamed y Sais bach 'the little Englishman' - began building Greenmeadow in May 1 8 1 9, but it was shortly destroyed [letter of 1 820 in 1964 CER: 5 86], reb. 1 82 1 , yng Nghae Calch Ty Coch [ 1 971 R. Phillips: 353], two fields away (lled-cae) from present Greenmeadow ( 1 969 Cymro: 24112/69] ; see Bury Lodge (50-a), Castelltalwrn (53-a). It appears that Greenmeadow was a translation of Waunlas, as with Waunlas (SN 66-30, Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.) which was anglicised to Greenmeadow. The meaning of 'meadow' given to gwaun is similar to the meaning prevalent in the Glamorgan lowlands, and C. H. Thomas [1993 : 2.427] notes a Greenmeadow mansion (SO c. 1 3-82, Tongwynlais, Glams.) which became termed both Gwaunlas and Maesglas by the Welsh natives. However, since E. meadow and W. gwaun are not exact equivalents in Cardiganshire Welsh, we must suspect Brackenbury, the English owner in 1 820, of having opted for a fashionable complimentary anglicisation in this instance, cf Falcondale (23-a). Gwarcaeau -(SN 591 -690)[gwar + y + caeau] ; [gwar'keje T. Morgan] Gwar-y-caeau OS1 834, Gwarcaeau 1 839TMS, Gwar-caeau OS 1 891 Gwynfa -(SN 5 88-690)[tn. Gwynfa]; Gwynfa OS 1 982 Henbont -(SN 545-695)[hen + pont]; Henbont OS 1 982 Llain -(SN 569-71 O)[llain] ; Llain 1 839TMS, Llain OS1 891 Llaindelyn -(SN 577-687) [1lain + y + telyn] ; [lan'delm E. Williams, E. Evans] Llain Telyn 1 837PR Llangwrddon, Llain-delyn OS 1 834, Llain-delyn OS 1 891 .

756

(50) MYFENYDD -(SN 537-696)[llan + pn. Rhystud] ; [ia'hr�sbd T. Morgan, dl�sbd, dlr�sbd R Richards, ian 'hr�sbd in£ ] Lanrustud 1 229 CaiPR p.27 1 , 'Land of Rystud' 1 23 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 363, Rustand 1 23 1 (c. 1 603) G. Owen in 1 897 H. Owen vo1.2 p . 3 59, Lanrusti 1 277-80 in 1 897 R. A.Roberts p. 1 06, Lanrustit 1 283 in 1936 M.Rhys p. 5, Lan Ristud 1 284 CalChartR p.275, Llan Restut c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B) p.45, Laurestant 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p.272, Lanrustud 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p. 1 99, Lanrustyt 1 304 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 277, Lanrustuyt 1 3 04 in 1 93 6 M Rhys p.279, Lanrustad 1 33 9 in 1 889 S.W.Williams li� Lanrustud 1 352-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. 1 0 p. 1 46, (pn.) Rys Rystud fl. 1 222-68(c. 1 400) Y Prydydd Bychan in Hendreg. in 1 996 Rh.MAndrews et a!. p. 1 1 2, Llanrusted 1 497 ERSt-David p.770, Llan Rystede 1 545-46 in 1 903- 1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 5 8, Llanrustith 1 546-47 in 1 903-1 5 NLW M S 763-D p. 73 , Llanrysted 1 561 Crosswood MSS, Ll. Rystyd c. 1 566EPC, Llanrhysted 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Llanristed 1 599 Nouadd MSS, Llanrhystyd 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Llanrhistyd 1 600 Prob. St-David, Llan Rustud c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.28, Llan Rystyd c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 61 , Llanrhystid 1 607 Prob. St-David, Llanrested 1 60325 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 92, Llanristeede 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 298, Llanrhydstyd 1 669/70 MRichardson MSS p.295, Llanristyd 1 679 Cymerau MSS, Llanristid 1 680 Crosswood MSS, Llanrhistid 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Llanristed 1 72 1 E.Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llanrhystyd 1 760CF, Llanrusted 1 765map E.Bowen et a!. , Chlanrystwith 1 776map M Mackenzie, Llanrhystid 1 803map J. Singer, Llanrhystydd 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. 1 3 7, Lanrystid 1 81 8sur map, Llanrhystyd OOS 1 82 1 , Llanrhystid (Llan-rhystyd) 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 86, Llanrhystyd, St. Rhystyds Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 The saint was called Rystvd Yngheredigion [c. 1 5 10 ByS (G): 58] ; G[wyl] Rrystryd Apowel, Dvw Jay yn gatkorie kynn dvw Nadolig [1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.] which P. 6 Riain [1994 p.395] translates as meaning the feast-day was held "just before Christmas" . Opinions as to the origin of the name Rhystud are divided: for P. 6 Riain [1 994: 395] " . . . Rhystud's name shares with Cristiolus [i. e. his brother according to very late recensions of Welsh saintly genealogies] a decidedly non-Welsh appearance. In fact, Rhystud derives from Latin Restitutus, which curiously enough, was also borrowed in Ireland as the name of the Lombardian father of a number of saints. " M. Richards [1 970b: 259; 1 971 : 349] on the other hand was sceptical of the coequivalence of Rhystud with Restitiitus, which coequivalence he thought was due to the 'Romano mania' of medieval churchmen, as with Peblig of Llanbeblig (Caerns.) wrongly derived from L. pn. Publicius [1967-70 M. Richards: 84] . It must be said that the known elements rhys 'champion' and tud 'people' could easily give a Brittonic personal-name Rhystud, cf OB. pns. Risan, Risoc, Risanau, Riscum, Rishoiam, Rismonoc, Riuueten, Risuuoret [1 890 J. Loth: 160] . The Latin pn. Restitiitus might well have given, through syncopy, a form such as *Restutus that would explain Rhystud, and such a syncopated form is attested in the inscription Resteuta[e] (Lundy, Devon) dated later than 500 AD by P. Sims-Williams [2003 : 104, 1 30, 235, 275, 290-92] ; see sub Caer Penrhos (50-a). Irrespective of origin, the same name is present in the frenchified B.tn. Pleurtuit (Ille-et-Vilaine), E. Vallerie ( 1 995: 2. 141] gives the forms Plerestuit 1 1 81 , Plorestut 1 23 1 , Plurestuit 1 23 1 , Plurestuit 1 287, Pleurtuit 1 364, Pleortuit 1 3 82, Ploeretut 1 453 . The evolution from an original name containing Breton ploue (W. plwyj) + pn *Restud to the present Pleurtuit is attributable to regular phonetic development in the French - viz. *plcerestyt � *plceretyt � *plrertyt - that is, [ -st-] reduced to [ -t-] followed by syncope of the weakly accented medial syllable. The spelling for final , attested as early as 1 1 8 1 , is a central French hypercorrection [ 1995 E. Vallerie: 1 .259] based on the opposition between central French .fruit 'fruit' (� L. jructu), huis 'door' (� L. ustiu), puits 'well' (� L. puteu), and the divergent pronunciation fru, u, pu in the French of eastern Brittany (Gallo). This hypercorrection or development is the likeliest explanation for the English form or more correctly Anglo-French form - of Llantwit as opposed to W. Llanelltud-fawr (Glams.) (see sub PentWd, 79-a). E. Vallerie further believes [1 995: 1 .259], quite plausibly, that the B.pn. *Restud is also attested in the place-name, Notre-Dame de Restudou 1 43 5 , probably present-day Restudo (St Fever, Cotes­ d'Annor), but which could also be derived from the elements rest + pn. Tudou. For those who may find cult distributions indicative it may be noted that the Breton parish of P!edeliac (Cotes-d'Annor), from the Breton cognates of plwyf + pn Teilo [1 992 B. Tanguy: 1 74-75] , is only some 30km to the sw of Pleurtuit (Ille-et­ Vilaine); see Ystradteilo (50-a). The church, before it was rebuilt in an 'English' style in 1 857, had a square tower [1 9 1 5 CAST: 2.75], an old print shows the appearance of the old church [1 973 CER: vol.7 fac. p . l 06]. Comprising: 1 ) Blac-leion, 2) Castell-bach (49-a), 3) Ffatri (49-a), 4) G1anrafon (49-a), 5) Heolislwyn (49-a), 6) Maes-y-felin, 7) Pendre, 8) Pentre-isa (49-a), 9) Red Lion, 1 0) Salem, 1 1) Tan-y-bont (49-a), 1 2) Tanllan, 1 3) Tanreglwys, 14) Tanpompren (49-a), 1 5) TY-mawr, 16) TY-mawr (49-a), 1 7) Tynporth. Llety-grugiar -(SN 573-699)[ llety + yr + grugiar] ;

LLANRHYSTUD

757

(50) MYFENYDD Lletty grigiar 1 760CF, Lletygrigiar 1 8 1 6PR, Lletty-gruglyn OS 1 834, Llettygrigiau issa, Lletty Grigian ucha, [ ] Grigiau ucha 1 83 9TMS, Lletty Greuau 1 843TMS Lledrod, Lletty-grugiar OS 1 89 1 Llety-gwyn -(SN 589-695)[llety + gwyn] ; Lletty-gwyn 1 745PR Llanrhystud, Llettygwin 1 779PR Llangwrddon, Llettygwyn 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Lletty-gwyn OS 1 891 Lluest-fach -(SN 585-680)[lluest (+ bach)] ; Lluest fach OOS 1 821 , Llyest fach 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Lluest-fach OS1 834 The -fach in opposition to Lluest-y-gonsiens (50-a). Lluest-y-gonsiens -(SN 589-682)[lluest + y + ? ]; [Hest�'g;:mJens D. Williams, le:st�'k:mJens D. M. Jones, Hest�'k:mJens D. Rees] Llyast y Gronshens 1 783 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lluest Herbert 1 803map J. Singer, Lluest y Gronsians 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Lluest y Gronsian 1 829PR Llanrhystud, Llyast y Conscience 1 83 9TMS, Lluest-y­ conscience OS 1 89 1 , Lluest-y-consiens 1 967 GPC s.v. consiens, Lluest-y-gonsiens 1 990 E.Jones p. 52 The conservation of the initial of the earlier forms in the present pronunciation show consiens to be a reanalysis of gronsians. The forms of 1 783 (gronshens) and 1 825 (gronsians) are more likely to be representative of the original form as the reanalysis into consiens 'conscience' demands a fmal . However, the form of 1 829 (gronsian) does remind one of crensian, crinsian, crynsian 'to grind (teeth)'. If it does contain consiens, of which there was a variant consions [GPC s.v. consiens], it is unlikely to represent a female (?) personal-name because it follows the defmite article; cf a man called Fortune Morgan in Llanychaearn parish [ 1 650 Cwrt-ma"M MSS] . Llwynderw -(SN 584-700)[llwyn + derw]; Llwyn-derw OS 1 904 Llwyniwan -(SN 560-706)[llwyn + pn. Iwan]; Llwyn Evan 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Llwynian 1 81 6PR Llanrhystud, Llwynywan 1 81 8PR Llanrhystud, Llwynifan 1 8 1 9PR Llanrhystud, Llwyn Ieuan OOS 1 821, Llwinuan 1 822PR Llanrhystud, Llwyn Iwan 1825PR Llanrhystud, Llwyn Ieuan OS 1 834, Llwyn Swan cott. 1 839TMS, Llwynywan 1 839TMS LlanddeinoeL Llwyn-ieuan OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Iwan 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 The personal-name refers doubtlessly to Saint John the Baptist, the patron saint of the Knights Hospitallers who possessed land at Llanrhystud in medieval times. Maescrug -(SN 592-684)[maes + y + crug]; [majs'kri:g T. Morgan, majs'gri:g D. M. Jones] Maes Crig 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Maes Crig 1 81 6PR Llangwrddon, Maes y Crug OOS 1 821 , Maes-y­ cn1g OS1 834, Maes-grug 1 833PR Llangwrddon, Maescrig 1 839TMS, Maes-grug OS 1 89 1 , Maes-grug OS 1 904, Maes-crug 1 975 R.Phillips p.268 Maes-y-felin -(SN 542-698) [maes + y + melin]; Maes y Felin OS 1 982 Melincwm -(SN 585-705) [melin + y + cwrn] ; [veiDJ'kum D. Rees] Cwm Mill 1 8 1 8PR Llangwrddon, Melin y Cwm OOS1 821, Felincwm 1 827PR Llangwrddon, Molinycwm >1 828 in 1 975 R.Phillips p. 1 07, Felin-y-cwm 1 839TMS, Felin Cwm (Corn) OS 1 89 1 Moelifor -(SN 547-705) [moel + pn. Ifor] ; [m:ll'iv:lr T . Morgan, mol'iv:lr R . Richards] Moel Ifor c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 8, Molyvor 1 604 Glansevern MSS vol. 5, Molivor 1 750PR, Melivor 1 760map E.Bowen, Moel Ivor 1 760CF, Moel Ifor 1 803map J. Singer, Melivor 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.400, Moel-ivor-houses 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Moel Ivor OOS 1 82 1 , Moel Ifor OS1 834, Moeliuor 1 839TMS, Moel-ifor OS1 891 Morfa-du -(SN 595-677)[morfa + du]; [m:lrva'di: T. Morgan, J. A. Hopkins] Morva Du 1 839TMS, Morfa-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Morfa-du OS1 904 Pandy -(SN 540-706)[pandy] ; [�'pandi R Richards] The Pandy 1 928 I.C.Peate p. 9, The Llanrhystyd Pandy 1 928 I. C.Peate p.8, Mill OS 1 982 Pantcoch -(SN 589-684)[pant + coch]; [pant'ko:z D. M Jones] Pant-coch OS1 891 Pantffynnon -(SN 598-680)(pant + y + ff)rnnon]; [pan'f�n:ln D. M. Jones] Pant y Ffynnon 1 839TMS, Pant-y-ffynnon OS1 891 Penbanc -(SN 577-697)[pen + y + bane]; Penbank 1 803map J. Singer, Pen-y-bank OS1 834, Pen-y-banc 0Sc. 1 950, Penbanc OS 1 982 Pencwm -(SN 570-699)(Llety-grugiar)[pen + y + cwrn] ; [peg'kum T. Morgan] 758

(50) MYFENYDD Penycwrn 1 760CF, Llettygrigiar issa als. Penycwrn 1 788 NLW misc. MS S vol. 3 p. 3 , Penycwrn 1 8 1 8PR LlanddeinoeL Pen y Cwrn OOS 1 82 1 , Pencwrn als. Lletygrugiar 1 826 in 1 982 D . S . Downey p. 1 66, Llettygrigiau issa 1 83 9TMS, Pen-y-cwrn OS 1 8 9 1

Pencwm-canoi -(SN 572-705)[pen + y + c wrn (+ canol)] ; [peu,kom'kan:ll

T. Morgan, E. Williams]

Pen Cwrn Wyre 1 703 Coleman MS 1 3 4, Pencwrnwyre, Pen-y-cwrn House 1 806 in 1 79 3 sur map, Pen y Cwrn

OOS 1 82 1 ,

Pen-y-cwrn

O S 1 834,

Penycwrn

ucha

1 83 9TMS,

Pen-y-cwrn-canol

OS 1 89 1 ,

Pencwmcanol O S 1 982

Pencwm-isa -(SN 565-703)[pen + y + cwrn (+ isaf)L [peu,kom'isa T.

Morgan]

Pen y Cwrn OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-cwrn O S 1 834, Penycwrn issa 1 83 9TMS, Pen-y-cwm-isaf O S 1 891 , Pen­ cwrn-isaf OS 1 904

Pendre -(SN

5 3 9-697)[pen + y + trefJ ;

Tyddin yn y Dre als. Pendre 1 826 MRichardson MS 1 045-46, Pen y Dre, Pendre 1 83 9TMS

Penelton

- (SN 548-692) [E. tn. PendletonL

[pen�lt�n, pen:llt�n

T. Morgan]

Fenelton OS 1 98 2 There is a Pendleton (Lanes.), Penelton 1 200 [ODEPN: 360], and in Pendletons (N.Y., S.C., Ind., Oreg.), a s well a s a Pendleton County (Ky.). Pengaer -(SN 5 82-703) [pen + y + caer] ; [peJJ'ga:r T. Morgan, inf. ]

the U S A there are a number o f

Pen y Gaer 1 75 2PR Llanrhystud, Pen y Gare 1 760CF, Pen y Gaer, (c) Pen y Caer OOS 1 82 1 , Penygaer 1 823PR Llangwrddon, Pengare 1 825PR Llanrhystud, Pengar 1 828PR Llanrhystud, Pengar 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-gaer O S 1 834, (c) Caer Penygaer (prox. ) 1 93 6 W.Edwards p. 64

J.

No apparent remains of a fort.

& A. H. A Hogg [ 1 994: 27 1 ] seem to place the site at the Pengaer's site on the valley side - and conclude that the site is " a

L. Davies

bottom of the valley - rather than near very unlikely position for a hillfort. "

Pengarreg -(SN

53 2-694)[pen + y + carreg] ;

[peu'gareg

T. Morgan]

Pen-y-garreg 1 73 9PR Llanrhystud, Penygarreg 1 767 Alltlwyd MSS , of Bengareg 1 784PR Llanrhystud, Pen y Graig (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Pengareg 1 824PR L1anrhystud, Pen-y-garreg OS 1 834, Pencarreg, Pengarreg 1 839TMS, Pen-y-gareg O S 1 89 1

Penlan

-(SN 540-702) [pen + y + glan] ;

[pe'lan T . Morgan, pen'lan R . Richards]

Penlan 1 767 Alltlwyd MSS , Penlan OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-Ian OS 1 834, Pen-Ian O S 1 89 1

Penlan Mabwys

-(SN 560-68 5) [pen + y + glan + tn. Mabwys (49-a)] ;

[pe'lan (mabos) T.

Morgan]

Pen-Ian O S 1 834, Pen-Ian OS 1 89 1 , Penlan Mabws OS 1 982

Penlon -(SN 5 5 3-71 9)[pen + y + Ion] ; [pen'lo:n, pe'lo:n R.

Richards]

Penlon 1 834PR L1angwrddon, Pen-y-lon O S 1 89 1 , Pen-lon O S 1 904

Penrhiw -(SN 499-698) [pen + y + rhiw] ; (c734) P enrhew cot. 1 83 9TMS, Penrhiw inf R Richards Penrhos-fach -(SN 5 53-694)[pen + y + rhos (+ bach)] ; Penrhos vach 1 83 9TMS

Penrhos-fawr -(SN 5 5 5-692)[pen + y + rhos (+ mawr)] ; [pendr:ls'farm

T. Morgan,

pendr:ls D.

Williams]

Tythyn Pen Rhos 1 723 M Richardson MSS p. 296, Penrhos 1 74 1 PR Llanrhystud, Penrhos 008 1 82 1 , Pen-'rhos 08 1 834, Pen-rose 1 83 3PR Llansantfred, Penrhos fawr 1 839TMS, Pen-rhos 0 8 1 8 9 1 , Penrhos O S 1 904, Pen-rhos 0Sc. l 95 0

Pistyllgwyn - ( S N 600-672)[pistyll + gwyn] ; [piShf: D.

M. Jones]

Pistyll-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Plas-bach - ( S N 5 5 1 -709)[plas + bach] ; [pla·s'ba:x,,

now

pant'te:g

E. Williams]

Pant-teg Cottage, Pant-teg, 'old name' Ffosypilcorn fach 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Panteg OS 1 982

Red-Ieion -(SN

5 3 9-697)[E. red + lion] ;

[red'lej:ln,

now d olaj + mejv:ld

R Richards]

Red-lion 1 8 1 6 in 1 976 A.E.Davies p. 1 1 1 , (c72) Red Lion 1 83 9TMS, Read Lion 1 84 1 cens.

Rhiwgoch -(SN 5 54-7 1 2) [rhiw + coch] ; [hnw'go:x T.

Morgan]

Tan Rhiw Goch 1 74 1 PR Llanrhystud, Danrhyw-goch 1 806

in

1 793sur map, Rhiwgoch 1 8 1 4PR

Llanychaearn, Rhiw Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Troedyrhugoch als. Rhuegoch 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Danrhewgoch, Dan Rhyw Goch 1 83 9TMS, Rhiw Goch 08 1 89 1 , (cs) Cae Penrhiwgoch 1 921 map MJones

Rhos -(SN

549-71 9) [rhos] ;

759

(SN

5 57-71 7)

(50) MYFENYDD Rhos OS 1 834, (c840) Rhosgoch 1 83 9TMS, Rhos OS 1 891 , Rhous 'is a corruption or Rhos, 'original name or Bane y Rhous 'is' Cae Rhosgoch, Rhosgoch Cottage 1 921map M.Jones "Another name for the cottage was Rhous - the house'. " [ 1 921map M.J ones] . Rhosgoch -(SN 568-695)[rhos + coch] ; Rhosgoch 1 788 NLW misc. MSS vol. 3 p.3, Rhos-goch OS1 834, Rhosgoch 1 839TMS, Rhos-goch O S 1 891 Rhosgrugog -(SN 599-676)[rhos + grugog]; Rhos-grugog O S 1 891, Rhos OS 1 904 One would expect grugog 'heathery' to lenite after rhos, however, it would seem that both grngog and grugos are sometimes resistant to lenition, cf. Alltgrngog (SJ 06- 1 1 , Dolanog, Monts.), Ce.fngrugos (22-a). Salem -(SN 537-696)[Bibl.tn. Salem]; [kapel'ba:z, kapel' baphst T. Morgan] Salem 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 529, Baptist Chapel OS 1 89 1 , Llanrhystyd c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.281 , Chapel OS 1 904, Salem, Llanrhystud 1 990 Ddolen n. 1 3 8 b. 1 821 [c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 281] ; b. 1 823 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 529]. "In 1 789 the members obtained a small house which they registered for preaching. It was torn down after a few years. " [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 140] ; denom. B. Tanrallt -(SN 5 58-699)[tan + yr + alit]; [tan'ralt inf. ] Tan-yr-allt O S 1 891 Tanreglwys -(SN 536-696)[tan + yr + eglwys] ; Dan y r Eglwys 1 767 Alltlwyd MSS, Tanyreglwys 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Tanyreglwys 1 81 4PR Llansantfred, Tanreglws 1 8 1 8PR Llanrhystud, Tanyreglws 1 820PR Llanrhystud, Tuy Dan yr Eglwys 1 826 M.Richardson MS 1 045-46, Tanyreglwys 1 83 9TMS, Tanreglwys 1 84 1 cens. Tan-y-ffordd -(SN 583-691 )[tan + y + ffordd] ; Tan-y-ffordd OS 1 891 Tanllan -(SN 536-696)(tan + y + llan]; (tan'ian T. Morgan, R Richards] Tanllan 1 834PR Llanrhystud, Tan-y-Uan OS 1 891 Tanparcau -(SN 5 57-71 3)[tan + y + parciau]; [tan'parke T. Morgan, R Richards] Dan y Parke 1 757PR Llanrhystud, Dan-y-parke 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Tanyparke 1 81 4 NLW Deeds MS 1 3 07, Tanparke 1 826PR Llanrhystud, Dan y Parkau 1 839TMS, Tanyparke 1 83 9TMS Llanddeinoel, Tan­ y-parciau OS 1 89 1 , Tan-parcau OS 1 904, "Parcau are inclosures equivalent to caeau or pieces of land enclosed with hedges, and Tanparcau implies under the inclosures. " ( 1921map M. Jones] . Trefeclodd -(SN 595-684)[tn. Trefyclodd] ; (tre'vekb(} D. M Jones] Tref Clawdd OOS 1 82 1 , Tref-y-clawdd OS 1 834, Tref-y-clawdd OS1 89 1 , Trefeclodd 'colloquially' 1 975 RPhillips p. 121 , drwy Dref-y-clawdd (Trefeclodd) 1 975 RPhillips p.227 Trefoclodd is the Welsh name of Knighton (Rads.), the loss of fmal sometimes in Tre.fyclodd (Rads.) is paralleled in Ce.fneclo (SH 76-14, Brithdir, Mers.) � ce.fn + y + clawdd. Treflys -(SN 585-694)[tref + llys] ; [trevhs T. Morgan] Treflys 1 753PR L1anrhystud, Trevlis 1 760CF, Treflys 1 803map J. Singer, Trellis 1 8 1 9PR L1angwrddon, TrefLlys OS 1 834, Treflis 1 839TMS, Treflys OS 1 891 This could well be the site of the court ofMyfenydd before Llys-newydd (54-a) was established in its stead. If so it may have been well-placed to connect with the known twelfth-century Welsh fortification at Caer Penrhos (50-b). Tregynan-isa -(SN 546-71 2)[tref + pn. Cynan (+ isaf)]; [tre,g�nan'isa T. Morgan, R Richards, treg�'nane (coil.) R Richards] Tregynon 1 739PR Llanrhystud, Tregynan 1 752PR Llanrhystud, Tregunan issa 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Trefgynan 1 8 1 8PR Llanrhystud, Pen y Bwlch OOS 1 821 , Tregynon OS1 834, Tregynan issa, Treguinan issa 1 83 9TMS, Tregynan-isaf OS 1 891 Tregynan-ucha -(SN 547-71 2) [tref + pn. Cynan (+ uchaf)] ; [tre,g�nan'�za T. Morgan, R Richards] Tregunan ucha 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Tregynan ucha, Treginan ucha 1 839TMS, Tregynan-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Troedrhiw -(SN 547-709)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [tro:d 'hnw T. Morgan, tr;)jd'hnw R Richards, E. Williams] Troedyrhew house 1 83 9TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Tryai -(SN 577-684)[tryfal] ;

760

(50) MYFENYDD Tryal 1 740PR Llanrhystud, Tryall 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Trual 1 760CF, Treal 1 798 Castlehill MSS, Tryal OS 1 82 1 , Trual 1 826 Castlehill MSS, Tryal OS 1 834, Trial 1 83 9TMS, Tryal OS 1 89 1 Ty-cam -(SN 579-701 ) [ty + cam] ; Tythyn Yfty Cam 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p.296, Tuy Cam 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Ty Cam 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tyr Bank 1 803map J. Singer, Ty Cam OOS 1 82 1 , Ty Cam 1 823PR Llansantfred, Tyrtycam ? 1 83 0 Alltlwyd MSS, Ty-cam O S 1 834, Ty-cam OS 1 891 Ty-coch -(SN 590-683)[tY + coch]; [ti'ko:x D. M. Jones] Ty Coch 1 81 4PR Llangwrddon, Ty Coch 1 8 1 8PR Llangwrddon, Ty Coch OOS 1 82 1 , Ty-coch OS 1 834, Ty Coch 1 839TMS, Ty-coch Villa OS1 904, Ty-coch Villa OS1 982 Inexistent [OS 1 89 1 ] . Ty-hen -(SN 563 -688)[tY + hen]; [ti'he:n (kum'mabus) T . Morgan, ti'e:n D. M. Jones] Ty-hen 1 741PR L1anrhystud, Ty Hen OOS1 82 1 , Ty Hen 1 823PR Llangwrddon, Ty-hen OS 1 834, Ty Hen als. Wyre fach 1 83 1 PR L1angwrddon, Tyhen 1 839TMS, Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 , Ty-hen OS 1 904 Ty-hen-fach -(SN 577-694)[ty + hen (+ bach)] ; Ty Hen als. Tynderwen ? 1 760CF, Ty-hen OS 1 891, Ty-hen-:ffich OS 1 904 This site is about 1 . 6km ENE of Ty-hen. Ty-mawr -(SN 538-696)[tY + mawr]; [ti'mowr R Richards] Ty Main, Ty mawr 1 83 9TMS, Gadlys + Nyth in£ R Richards Cf Ty-mawr (49-a); was renamed Gadlys by D. Morgan James, a barrister who solved land disputes, after he came to live here [:inf R Richards]. Ty-nant -(SN 5 88-693)[tyddyn + y + nant]; [ti'nant T. Morgan] Tynynant 1 753PR Llanrhystud, Ty Nant OOS 1 82 1 , Ty-nant OS 1 834, Ty-nant OS 1 891 Tynbeili -(SN 566-692)[tyddyn + y + beili]; [tm'bejli R Richards] Tyr yn y Baylie 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Baily Gronvach 1 746 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Bily 1 748PR Llanrhystud, Ty yn y Baily 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Baili OOS 1 82 1 , Tynbeily 1 826PR Llanrhystud, Tyn Baily, Tynbailey, Tynybailey is sa 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-beili OS 1 89 1 Tynbeili-bach -(SN 568-690)[tyddyn + y + beili (+ bach)] ; Tynybeily ucha' 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Ty'n-y-beili OS1 834, Tynybally ucha 1 839TMS, Ty'n-y-beili-bach OS 1 89 1 Tynclawdd -(SN 5 83-690)[tyddyn + y + clawdd]; Tynyclawdd 1 760CF, Tyn y Claudd 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Ty'n-y-clawdd O S 1 834, Ty'n-y-clawdd OS1 89 1 , Tynyclawdd 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Tynclawo 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Tynyclaud 1 839TMS Tyndderwen -(SN 571-692)[tyddyn + y + derwen]; Ty Hen als. Tynderwen ? 1 760CF, Tyn y Dderwen 1 821PR Llangwrddon, Ty'n-y-derwen OS1 834, Tyndderwen 1 83 9TMS, Ty'n-y-dderwen OS 1 891 Tynllwyn -(SN 544-703)[tyddyn + y + llwyn]; (c19) Tyn Llwin 1 839TMS Ty-newydd -(SN 566-71 0)[tY + newydd]; Ty newydd OOS 1 821, Ty-newydd OS 1 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 , Ty Shincin y Gweydd a Ty merched Dafydd Richard 'were at Ty-newydd, known to present inhabitants as' Ty ucha + Ty issa, Bryngiach als. Ty Thomas Jones, Tynewydd Cottage, Ty ucha Cottage, Ty issa Cottage, Bryngiach Cottage 1 92 1 map M Jones In 1 92 1 Brynglach was in ruins [1 92lmap M. Jones]. Tynlon -(SN 545-701 )[tyddyn + y + Ion] ; [ti'lo:n R Richards] Tynlone 1 830PR Llanrhystud, Tyn'lon 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-lon OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-lon OS 1 904, Ty'n Lon OS 1 982 Tynporth -(SN 537-696)[tyddyn + y + porth] ; [trm'p:>r8 R Richards] Tuy yn y Porth 1 826 MRichardson MS 1 045-46, Tynny Porth, Tynporth 1 839TMS, Tynporth 1 93 6 W.Edwards p.66 The site has been levelled and bungalows have recently been built on its site [inf. R. Richards] . Tynwem -(SN 576-691 )[tyddyn + y + gwern] ; Tyddyn y Wern 1 556-57 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 69, Tythine y Werne 1 596 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, Tythen y Wern yn Rhandir Mabus als. Tythyn Mabus vach 1 723 M.Richardson MS S p.296, Mabwys-

76 1

(50) MYFENYDD vach 1 73 8PR Llamhystud, Tynywern 1 760CF, Mabws-bach 1 786 Crosswood MS S, Tynwern 1 8 1 8PR Llamhystud, Tyn y Wern OS 1 821 , Ty'n-y-wern OS 1 891 Cf Mabwys (49-a). Ty-Sil -(SN 5 74-686)[1:}' + pn. Syl[vanus] ] ; Ty Sil 1 8 14PR Llangwrddon, Ty-sil 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Tysil 1 83 3PR Llanrhystud, Tysil OS 1 89 1 , Ty-sil OS1 904, (c) Ca Ty Sil 1 924-26 CSRLS 44 The meaning sil 'fish spawn' is difficult to account for ( cf. Rhydsil, 3-a ), but the meaning sil 'hull of grain' may be more credible. There was also an E. sn. Sill [DES: 409] which is found in Alltsil (Caemarfon, Caems.) [1957 E. Davies: viii] . But more likely than these tentative explanations is the contraction Sit! of a onetime fairly common pn. Sylvanus. Indeed, a certain Sylvanus Sylvanus sd'vanus sd'vanus associated with the establishment of Siloa (72-a) in the 1 860s gave his name to the little reservoir Pon Sui p�nd 'sd (now dried up) situated between the lower and upper mines of Gwaith Cwmsymlog (72-a) [p . c . T. Jones, Penbont Rhyd-y­ beddau] . Wem-fach -(SN 582-69 1 ) [y + gwem + bach] ; [wer'va:x T. Morgan, wern'va:x R Richards] Y Wern fach OOS 1 82 1 , Wernfach 1 828 Coleman MS 1 462, Wern-fach als. Pen-y-gaer OS1 834, Wem­ fach 1 83 1PR Llangwrddon, Wern-fiich OS 1 89 1 Ysbyty-hal -(SN 541 -698)[ysbyty + hael ? ] ; [�n.sp�ti'ha:l R . Richards] Sputty Hael 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Sputty Hael 1 772 Crosswood MSS, (c) Park uchlaw City Hall 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Spety Hal 1 8 1 8PR Llanrhystud, Spity Hall 1 82 1 PR Llamhystud, Yspytty Hall 1 823PR Llanrhystud, Spity Hale 1 827PR Llanrhystud, (cl4) House 1 83 9TMS, Spityhal 1 84 1 cens., Spitty Hall als. Ysbyty Hal 1 936 W.Edwards p. 64, Spytty HaJ 1 984 R J.Moore-Colyer p. 65 There is a slight disagreement as to the site of this place: "at the extreme and of the village, near the National School . . . no traces of it now . . . " [ 1 93 6 W. Edwards: 64 ], which would almost certainly be the house noted at (c14) on the lands of Blac-leion (50-a) [ 1 83 9TMS]; "on site of three demolished cottages" (SN 539698) [ 1 984 R. J. Moore-Colyer: 65] . One is tempted to connect the term ysbyty 'hopice, hospital' with the Hospitallers who held Llanrhystud in medieval times (cf. Ty-mawr (49-a), Loncleifon, 49-b) , the second term, however, is open to two interpretations, the E. hall was indeed pronounced ha:l in Cardiganshire in the eighteetnth century and before (cf Rhiil, 17-a), but it is also possible to derive ha:l from hael 'bounteous, generous' ("others say that hal is a corruption of hael. " [ 1 93 6 w. Edwards: 64 ]) . The coupling of ysbyty with E. hall does seem unlikely (unless hall was added later to improve the name), and the earliest spellings of 1 733 and 1 772 indicate hael. Ysgol Llanrhystud -(SN 541 -699)[ysgol + tn Llanrhystud (50-a)] ; Myfenydd V.P. 1 967 WLS, Myfennydd V.P. 1 973 WLS, Ysgol Myfenydd 1 979 Ddolen n. 1 4, Ysgol Llanrhystud, Ysgol Myfenydd 1 98 1 Ddolen n. 35, Sch OS1 982 Ystradteilo -(SN 543-697)[ystrad + pn. Teilo] ; [str�'tejb, stra'tejb T. Morgan] Ystradtiloe 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS , Ystrad Tilo 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p.295, Ystrod Tylo 1 723 M.Richardson MS S p. 296, Ystradilo 1 73 8PR Llanrhystud, Ystrad-Tilo 1 73 9PR Llanrhystud, Ystrad Teilo 1 756PR Llanrhystud, Parsonage, Ystrad Teila 1 803map J. Singer, Ystrad Teilo 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Ystrad Teilau 1 769 gravestone (in Penbryn, 8-a) in 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. 2 1 0, Ystrad Teila 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. l 3 9, Ystrad Teilo OOS 1 82 1 , Ystrad-Teilo OS 1 89 1 The pn. Teilo (OW. Teliau) was a hypocoristic form o f the OW. pn. Eliud 'lord o f many', which would have given MnW. *Eiludd [ 196 5b M. Richards: 32]. Teilo was a saint whose cult was honoured and kept alive during the Dark Ages by the offices of the mother-church of Llandeilo-fawr (Carms.). Llandeilo-fawr had many scattered possessions, as is attested by LL, it is more than likely that the name Ystradteilo harks back to when Llanrhystud was a possession of Llandeilo-fawr. During the twelfth century the church of Llandeilo-fawr was dispossessed of most of its possessions, and the Premonstratensian monastery of Talley (Carms.) found favour in its stead. It is likely that lands of Llandeilo-fawr - especially outlying possessions - were transferred to the new religious orders that came in the wake of the Anglo-French onslaught on Wales. In the twelfth century Llanrhystud became a possession of the Knights Hospitallers of Slebech; see Alltdeilo (1 8-b), sub Llanrhystud (50-a).

geonyms Bryneras -(SN 545-71 5)[bryn + eras]; 762

(50) MYFENYDD Bryn-eras, Brun Cras 1 806 in 1 793 sur map, (c838) Bryn Cras 1 839TMS Bryn-mawr -(SN 547-722)[bryn + mawr] ; Bryn-mawr, Brun mawr 1 806 i n 1 793 sur map Brynmeirch -(SN 541 -708) [bryn + y + meirch] ; Bryn Meirch, Ffynnon Bryn Meirch (prox.) 1 806 in 1 793 sur map Caer Cilfachafel -(SN 5 59-700)[ caer + tn. Cilfachafel (50-a)] ; Castell OOS 1 82 1 , Gaer OS 1 834, Camp (remains of) OS 1 89 1 , Caer Gilfach Rowel (Gilfach-hafel) 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Caer Gilfach Hywel 1 93 6 W.Edwards p.64 W. Edwards [1 936: 64] equates that Hywel in this name refers to the twelfth-century prince Hywel ab Ywain Gwynedd, but since the personal-name Hywel is so common, this equation remains very doubtful. Caer Penrhos -(SN 5 5 1 -696)[caer + tn. Penrhos (50-a)] ; [ga:r'pendr:ls R. Richards] Kastell Llanrystud 1 3002/4 BT(Pen.20) p. 99, a Chastell LHinrystut 1 3 00214 BT(Pen.20) p. 1 05, 'castell yn' Llan Rystut 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 28, a Chasten Llannrystut s.a. 1 1 5 8(1 300%) BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 36, a Chastell Llan Rystud s.a. 1 1 5 1(c. 1 475) BS p. 1 54, Caerben Rhos 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p. 295, Caer Pen Rhos 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p.296, Y Gaer OOS 1 82 1 , Caer Penrhos OS 1 834, Caer Pen-rhos (Camp) (remains of) OS 1 89 1 , The Gaer, 'now called' Gaer Penrhos 'was known to the old inhabitants as' Castell Cadwaladr 1 93 6 W.Edwards p. 63 This may be the Castell Llanrhystud of 1 149 of the Welsh Bruts: "At first glance this earthwork seems to comprise a univallate hillfort with a medieval ringwork superimposed upon it, but the detailed relation between the 'hillfort' rampart and the ringwork strongly supports [D. J. c.] King's view [ 1956: 63] that they are contemporary. Subject to the possibility that excavation might show surface appearances to be misleading, it therefore seems possible that the whole site was built by Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd in 1 1 48. " [1994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 270]; see Trejlys (50-a). However, Castell-bach (49-a), may also claim to be the twelfth century castle. Carreg Ty-pw -(SN 534-707) [carreg + ? ] ; [karegti'pu· R. Richards] Pygan 1 748map L.Morris, Peggin 1 776map MMackenzie, Pen Pygen 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Craig Ty Hug 1 806 in 1 793 sur map, Craig Puggin OOS 1 82 1 , Carreg-tipog O S 1 834, Careg Tipog OS 1 89 1 , Careg Ti-pw OS 1 904, Carreg y Pwg 1 904 D.Evans p. 4, Ti Pw 1 9 3 1 G.A. Stephens p. l 1 9, Carreg Ti-pw 0Sc. 1 950 Some of the early forms - viz. pygan, pygen, puggin, peggin - suggest a term such as pigyn 'a piggin (a vessel for handling liquids)' (GPC s.v. picyn] ; cf Pigyn (57-a). Later forms show Ty Hug (an extremely difficult form to read), Tipog, Y Pwg, Ti-pW, which seems to contain an element pwg, which seems connected with the earlier 'pigyn'. D. Evans [1 904: 4] explained pwg as 'what swells out'. The loss of final in a stressed monosyllable is irregular, and may have been caused by a misreading Careg Tipog of the OS map of 1 89 1 as Careg Tipoo (hachuring obscure the fmal letter), but the pronunciation collected by me locally would seem to preclude a mapmaker's mistake. Could it be that the form 'Ty-pw' first attested in 1 904 was influenced by the fame of Tipu ( 1 750-99), a celebrated Indian ruler who fiercely resisted British colonisation and was nicknamed the 'Tiger of Mysore'? The explanation of G. A. Stephens [ 1931 : 1 1 9] that ti-pw meant 'the house of the arch' - based no doubt on a superficial resemblance of 'pw' to bwa 'bow, arch' - is probably wrong, but may give an idea of a feature of this rock, also present in the description given by a local informant "Y tu 'rna, mae hollt fel drws eglwys yn y graig." [inf. R. Richards]. Cwmfellten -(SN 5 5 1 -7 1 6)[cwm + y + mellten] ; [kmn'clten, pant;:)'bnwz, hn . nant,panta'bnwz R Richards] (c386) Pencwmfellten (prox. ) 1 83 9TMS Llanddeinoel, Cwm Mellten 1 921map M. Jones This is probably named so because the dingle exhibits a zig-zag form as it descends into the valley of the river Carrog. The traditional explanation was that: "The place is supposed to have been struck by lightening. " [ 1 92 l map M. Jones] . It was known that flash-floods following a cloud-burst (usually accompanied by a storm) could create hollows within a few hours [inf. c. Jones]; cf. the unlocated Nantyfellten [ 1806PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn]; cf. Briws als. Bryn.ffosydd (50-a). Cwm Mabwys -(SN 556-685) [cwm + tn. Mabwys (49-a)] ; [kum'mabus T. Morgan] Cwm Mabus O S 1 834, Cwm Mabws OS 1 89 1 , 'the valley known as' Wyre vach 'now called' Cwm Mabws 1 936 W.Edwards p.64 Cwmwyre -(SN 568-702)[cwm + hn. Wyre] ; [kum'ujre T. Morgan] Cwmwyrau 1 8 1 8PR Llanddeinoel, Cwm Wyrai O S 1 834, Cwm Wire 1 83 9TMS, Cwm Wyre OS 1 891 , o Gwm yr Wyre 1 91 3 H.M.Williams p.228 763

(50) MYFENYDD On Ystradteilo land [1 8391MS] . Llwynhwli -(SN 552-707) [llwyn + pn. *Hwli] ; Llwyn Hwblin 1 806 in 1 793 sur map,

(c784) Pare Llwyn Hwton 1 83 9TMS, Cnwc Llwyn Wli 1 93 6

W.Edwards pp. 66-67 Moelifor formerly stood opposite the present farmhouse on the other side of the valley. Tradition places

Cnwc Llwyn Wli, this old mansion was demolished c. 1 665 [1936 w. J. Edwards: 66--67] . I assume Hwli is a hypocoristic form of Hywel; cf. Fron Hwli (4-unloc.) [ 1 8 1 6PR Llandyg\\ry'; 1 822PR Llandyg\\ry'] . Lonsais -(SN 591 -679 to SN 605-682)[16n + y + en. Sais]; [lo:n'sajs D. Williams] its site in the field beyond the knoll known as

Lon Sais 1 970 CER vol.6 p. 3 22 The Sais or 'Englishman' in question was Augustus Brackenbury, who upon buying the common-land in the parish of Llangwrddon and Llanrhystud in after 1 8 1 5, set about 'improving' the land, and this lane was built during that period [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 225, 280] . Penalltwen -(SN 537-707)[pen + alit + gwen] ; Pen Alit Wen 1 806 in 1 793sur map, (c814) Yr Alit Wen 1 83 9TMS The slope that faces inland was called (c81 2) Caer Alit Du [1 8391MS] . Pen-y-foel -(SN 540- 7 1 0) [pen + y + moel] ; Pen y Foel 1 806 in 1 793sur map, (c817) Caer Foel 1 839TMS Rhiwsgeiog -{SN 537-705)[rhiw + ysgeiog] ; [hro:s'gi�g R Richards] Llain Rhyw Scoiog 1 806 in 1 793sur map, (c8 1 5) Rhywysgonog, (c803) Llain Rhgwscoyog 1 83 9TMS The documentary forms with and the present realisation appear to show a southern diphthong being replaced by a northern and literary diphthong , which is quite possible since the boundary of both realisations of lies about the Wyre valley. However, the meaning of an element (or segment) * sgeuog is obscure. It seems easier to explain the of 1 806 as a mistranscription of , quite commonly attested, the forms of 1 83 9 being due to the 1 8 06 estate map having been consulted prior to drawing up the Tithe Map and Schedule. This allows us to interpret the second element as

ysgeiog, an

obsolete term meaning 'slopy', in which case the addition of rhiw 'slope' appears somewhat tautologous,

Rhiwoledd hnw'ole� [inf] (SN 65-48, Caeo, Carms.) where rhiw is in composition goleddf 'declivity', the name having seemingly been given to this particular rhiw as the slope of the road maintains a constant angle of descent. The site of Rhiwsgeiog is promising for a derivation from ysgeiog as it forms the longest slope facing the sea in the immediate area, down which a small stream runs (perhaps Ysgeiog was originally applied to the stream, as in the case of the two Carmarthenshire cognates named Ysgeio). It is an unenclosed piece of land belonging to Tynporth (50-a) [inf. R. Richards] . Rhydgronllyn -(SN 59 1 -673) [rhyd + y + cron + llyn] ; but can be compared to with

Rhyd Gron Llwyd OOS 1 82 1 , Rhyd-y-gronllyn OS 1 834, Rhyd-y-gronllyn OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd Cronllyn OS 1 904 Cf Cefngronllyn (49-a). Traeth Pengarreg -(SN 5 3 1 -702)[traeth + tn Pengarreg (50-a)]; [tra:S,peiJ'gareg R Richards] inf. Warren -(SN 5 45-72 1 ) [E. warren] ; Warren 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Y Warren 1 92l map M. Jones

764

(5 1) MYFENYDD LLANDDEINOEL Aberffrwd -( SN 561 -72 1 ) [aber + ffrwd] ; [aber'fru:d E. Williams] Aberffrwd als. Barracks, (c) Pont Barracks 1 921map M. Jones Originally named Barracks "as it was untenanted for a long time" [ 192lmap M. Jones] . Banc-y-mor - (SN 561 -745)[banc + y + mor] � [bauk�'mo:r E. Williams] Banc-y-mor OS 1 904 "Banc-y-mor was a barn owned by Mynachdy. It was made a dwelling house about thirty years ago [i.e. 1 89 1 ) . " [192lmap M. Jones] . Benglog -(SN 5 64-72 1 ) [y + penglog] ; [beugbg T. Morgan, E. Williams] Benglog 1 806 in 1 793 sur map, Benglog OOS 1 821 , Benglog 1 827PR LlanddeinoeL Benglog OS 1 834, Benglog OS 1 89 1 , Benglog 'old spelling' 1 921map M Jones While this place-name could stand for pen + y + clog 'end of the rock' (cf Penglog, 51-b), which is not wholly inconsistent with its situation, the lenition of the initial and its compounded accentuation suggest penglog 'skull'. What the meaning of 'skull' is not quite apparent, but it is some 400m E of Llanddeinoel church, and it will be remembered that Penglog Teilo 'Saint Teilo's skull' was kept at Llandeilo Llwydarth (Pembs.) [ 1 91 1 J. C. Davies: 299] . Blaencarrog - ( S N 573-723)(blaen + hn. Carrog] ; [blaiJ'kar:lg R. Richards] Tythyn Blaen Gwayn Carrog als. Greigwen vach als. Cors Carrog 1 666 Glanpaith MS S p.9, Blaen y Carrog OOS 1 82 1 , Blaen-carrog 1 827PR Llanddeinoel, Blaen Carrog OS 1 834, Blaencarog 1 83 9TMS, Blaen-carrog OS 1 89 1 , Blaengarog 'old spelling' 1 921map M. Jones Cf Greigwen (54-a). Blaencwmdu -(SN 564-747)[blaen + cwm + du]; [blau'kum E. Williams] Pen-cwm-du 1 820PR LlanddeinoeL Blan Cwmdu 1 83 8PR Llanddeinoel, Blaen Cwm Du 1 83 8PR Llanychaearn, Blaencwmdu 1 838TMS, Blaencwmdu, (cs) Cae Blaencwmdu, Cae Pencwmdu 1 921map MJones Brynawel -(SN 5 53-71 9)[bryn + awel] ; [brm'awel, now ard'gre:n3 R. Richards] Ardgrange OS 1 982 Brynbwa - ( SN 579-71 7)[bryn + bwa]; (bnm'bua D. Rees, brm'bu·a E. Williams] (c3 1 0) Cae Bwa (SN 578-7 1 7) 1 839TMS, Bryn-bwa O S 1 904, (c405a) Cae Bwa 1 921 map M.Jones, Bryn­ bwa 0Sc. 1 950 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1 891 ; OS1904] . The adjoining field-name Cae-bwa seems to be a reduction of *Cae Brynbwa, rather than an independent name alluding to the field being shaped like a bow as explained by M Jones [1921map ]. Bryncrach - ( SN 580-7 1 2)[bryn + crach] ; Bryncrach 1 8 1 3PR Llanddeinoel, (c) Cae Bryn Crach 1 921map M Jones Bryndofedd ( SN 578-712)[bryn + ? ]� [ �r'mdja, pn. j:Jngni'Jar'mdja E. Williams] Bryndofedd 1 83 5PR LlanddeinoeL Bryndofedd 1 83 9TMS, Bryn-dofedd OS 1 89 1 , Bryndofedd Cottage 'dest. ' 1 921map M Jones, Bryndofe 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7 The stones of this place were used for road-making purposes in 1 908 [1 921map M. Jones] . The term dofedd appears to mean dofaidd 'tame', and was explained [1921map M. Jones] as 'the cultivated hill' which stood in contrast to the nearby, but unlocated. Bryngwyllt (attested Bryn-gwyllt ( 1 827PR Llanddeinoel]) two houses on a farm adjoining Maenelin-isa (51-a), cf Brynda (54-a)� cf India (48-a). Bryndu -( SN 575-722)[bryn + du]; [brm'di: T. Morgan] Bryn-du OS1 834, Brindy 1 834PR Llanddeinoel, Bryndu 1 839TMS, Bryn Du Cottage 1 92 1 map M. Jones In ruins [192lmap M. Jones] . Bryngwyn - (SN 574-7 1 2)[bryn + gwyn] � [brm ' gwm T. Morgan] Bryngwyn 1 81 8PR LlanddeinoeL Bryn Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn-gwyn OS 1 834, Bryn-gwyn OS 1 89 1 Carrog Farm -(SN 566-726)[tn. Carrog + E. farm] ; Carrog Farm 1 83 6PR LlanddeinoeL Carrog Ffarm, Carog Farm 1 83 9TMS, Carrog Farm OS 1 89 1 b. bet. 1 821 -36 [OOS1 82 1 ; 1 836PR L1anddeinoel] ; cf Plas Carrog (51-a). Castell-y-broga -(SN 578-7 1 9) [castell + y + broga] � (c3 17) Cae Castell y Broga 1 83 9TMS, Castell y Broga 'dest.' 1 921map MJones -

765

(5 1) MYFENYDD " . . . a sarcastic term for a demolished cottage owing to its smallness. It was also called the Frog's Castle as frogs were numerous in the locality owing to the boggy surroundings. " [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Cilfachau -(SN 561 -713)[cilfachau]; [gd'vaxaj T. Morgan] Gilfache 1 8 14 NLW Deeds MS 1 3 07, Cylfachau OOS 1 82 1 , Cylfachau 1 822PR LlanddeinoeL Gilfachau OS1 834, Gilfache' 1 83 5PR Llanddeinoel, Cilfache 1 83 9TMS, Gilfachau OS 1 89 1 , Cilfache 'old spelling' 1921rnap MJones Cwm-bach -(SN 561 -721 )[cwrn + bach] ; [kum'ba:x, pen'b�nt E. Williams] Cwrnbach Cottage, (cl 1 36) 'old cottage of' Cwrnbach 1 92 1 rnap M.Jones, Penbont Cottage als. Penybont 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Cwm-bach (sign) Penybont Cottage was built on the site of Cwrnbach [ 1 921map M. Jones ] . Elim -(SN 5 62-720)[Bibl.tn. Elirn]; [kapel, kapel'ehm E. Williams] Elirn 1 83 5PR LlanddeinoeL Elirn Chapel (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Elirn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 276, Capel Elirn OS1 904, Capel Elim + Ysgoldy y Capel 1 92 1 rnap M. Jones b. l 832 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 530, c. 1902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 276; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 83 ] ; b. 1 861 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 83 ] ; rest. l 900 [ 1 92 lmap M. Jones] ; denom. CM. This was called Elim by the preacher Daft Domas Offi because the hamlet ofLlanddeinoel contained twelve wells as did the Biblical E/im [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Y Felin-wynt -(SN 555-724)[y + melin-wynt] ; (c53) Bane y Felyn Wynt 1 921map M.Jones "In the field 54a there was an old wind-mill used for grinding the com before the water-wheel was introduced into the neighbourhood. It was in use about the year 1 839. Soon after that it was demolished and the stones were taken to build Penygraig Farm . . . " [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Ficrej -(SN 563-721)[E. vicarage]; [VIkred3, now nant�'beugbg E. Williams] in£ Glan-yr-afon -(SN 585-706)[glan + yr + afon]; Glanyrafon 1 839TMS, Glan-yr-afon OS 1 891 Grip -(SN 5 8 1 -707)[y + crip]; [g rip inf ] Grip-issa 1 81 6PR LlanddeinoeL Crip OOS 1 82 1 , Grip 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Gryp 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Crip OS 1 834, Grip isaf 1 839TMS, Grip-isaf, (c) Grip Wood OS 1 89 1 , (c) Coed y Grip OS1 904, (c) Bane y Grip 1 980 Rh.Hincks p.21 Grip-fach -(SN 585-709)[y + crip (+ bach)] ; Grip fach 1 81 4PR LlanddeinoeL Grip-ucha 1 826PR LlanddeinoeL Grip uchaf 1 83 9TMS, Grip-fitch OS 1 89 1 Gu m -(SN 566-7 1 9) [y + cum]; [grrn E . Williams] Girn 1 81 4PR Llanddeinoel, Gyrn 1 8 1 7PR Llanddeinoel, Gyrn OOS 1 82 1 , Cyrn OS 1 834, Girn 1 839TMS, Gym O S 1 89 1 , Gyrn Cottage, Gyrn Smithy 1 92 1 rnap M Jones This is named from the rock named (c1 55) Pen y Girn ( 1 839TMS] at SN 565-71 9, and not because cyrnau 'horns' were buried here after a war [inf. E. Williams] . Gwarffynnon -(SN 578-7 1 5)[gwar + y + ffynnon]; [gwar'f�n�n E. Williams] Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 891 Hafan -(SN 5 59-721 )[hafan]; Hafan OS 1982 Hen-Garrog -(SN 564-725)[hen + tn. [Plas] Carrog (51-a)] ; Hen Garog 1 839TMS, Hen Garrog 1 860PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Hen-carrog OS 1 89 1 , Hen-garrog OS1 904 Cf Plas Carrog (51 -a). Henfelin -(SN 5 5 8-71 6)[hen + melin]; Hen Felyn 1 8 14PR LlanddeinoeL Henfelyn 1 8 1 8PR Llanddeinoel, Henfelin Ho. 1 839TMS, Hen-felin, (cl67a) Cae Henfelin 1 921 rnap M.Jones In ruins [ 1 92lmap M. Jones] ; "The mill-dam is still visible, but is much overgrown with weeds and sedges. " [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Llaingam -(SN 5 54-73 1 ) [llain + cam]; [pn. wi}.iajn'gam E. Williams] Llain-gam 1 821PR Llanddeinoel, Llain Gam, (cs) Bane Llain Gam, Fron Llain Gam 192 1 map M Jones Two old cottages [ 1 92 lmap M. Jones ] . LLANDDEINOEL -(SN 560-721)[1lan + pn. Deinioel] ; [ian'6ejn�l T. Morgan, R Richards]

766

(5 1) MYFENYDD Karrauc ? c. 1 250 BBC p . 3 6, Karrauk 1 284 CalChartR p.275 , Karrank 1 299 CalPR p. 405 , Kariauk 1 3 48 CalPR p . 27, Carroge 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Carrok 1 5 3 5 VE p. 3 96, Llan Thynol 1 548 Edwinsford MS S, Llanthynoth ? 1 5 54 CD, Llanthyniol 1 5 5 5-56 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 46, Llanthennoll 1 5 5 5 Crosswood MS S , Llantheynol 1 55 8 Crosswood MSS , Llantheinioll 1 560 Crosswood MSS , Llanthynol1 1 560-61 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p.45, Ll. oeiniel c. 1 566EPC, Llanthinoll als. Carrock 1 5 83

F. Green MSS vol. 2 5 p.3 89, Llandinoll 1 59 1-92 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 45, Llanthineoll

1 596 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763 -D p. 48, Llandenioll 1 597 NLW MS 29 1 2 p. 66, Llanthinoll 1 600 Prob. St-David, Llan Deiniol c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 28, Ll. Ddeiniol 1 606EPC, Llanddenol 1 607 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p. 48, Llanthinoll als. Carrogg 1 61 0 Prob.St-David, Llanthinell als. Carroge 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 9 5 5) p. l l 4, Llanthinall als. Carrock 1 674 Price of Norton MS S , Llandinol als. Carrog 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Llanddeinol 1 743 Castlehill MS S , Llanddinol 1 744PR Llanrhystud, Llandd-inol 1 747PR Llanilar, Llanddeinoel 1 756 L . Morris £ 6, Llandinol 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanlinol 1 765map E . Bowen

et al. ,

Llandinall 1 766 in 1 903 G.E. Evans p. 259, Llanddinol 1 776PR Llanddeinoel,

Chlantheynol 1 77 6map M. Mackenzie, Llanthinol als. Llandinol 1 792 Price of Norton MSS , Llanithinoll als. Llandinoll 1 793 Derry Ormond MS S, Llan Ddeinioel 1 799EPC, Llan Ddeiniol 1 803map J. S inger, Llanoeinol 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanddinol Church 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Llanddeiniol, 'commonly called' Carog 1 808 S.RMeyrick p . 3 3 3 , Llandeiniol OOS 1 82 1 , Llanddeinol OS 1 834, Llanddeiniol, St. Deiniol's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , The Village of Elim 1 92 1 map M Jones, Pentref Elim, Llanddeiniol 'fel y gelwid ef yn y dyddiau gynt' 1 979 Ddolen n. 1 5

Deinioel of Bangor (Caerns.), whose feast was held on the eleventh of [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 390) ; G[wyl] Ddeiniol undated (1 500% Dem.Calend.] ; cf. Deinoel (8-a). The earlier name, which was unchallenged until the sixteenth century, was simply Carrog (cf. Plas Carrog, 51 -a), named after the river. It is feasible that this was the Carrog mentioned in BBC [c.1250: 36] : "yg karrauc. bet gwallauc hir", though there was a profusion of similarly named rivers throughout Wales, see sub Carrog (d). "The site of the old church was lower down than the monument to the late Mr Sinnett in the churchyard. It was a small ancient building and consisted of a nave. " [1 92l map M. Jones: 106b] . The church was rebuilt and consecrated in 1 83 5 , after a petition of 1 83 2 [1833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .507; 1851Rel cens. : 530; 1903 G. E. Evans: 259; 1992 G. Morgan: 1 4] ; rest. 1 88 1 [ 1992 G. Morgan: 14]; restored and consecrated 1 883 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 530, 1 984 Ddo1en: 65 ] . Comprising: 1 ) Aberffiwd, 2 ) Cwm-bach, 3 ) Elim, 4) Hafan, 5 ) Llwynddeinoe1, 6) Pantronnen, 7 ) Penbont, 8 ) Ysgo1 Llanddeinoel. Llannerchwen -(SN 5 59-71 6)[llannerch + gwen] ; The church was consecrated to September

Llanerchod ? 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p. 295 , Llanarchwen 1 8 1 8PR LlanddeinoeL Llanarchwen 1 83 5PR LlanddeinoeL Llanerchwen Ho. 1 83 9TMS, Llanerch-wen 1 92 1 map M. Jones In ruins

Lluest

[ 1 92 1map M. Jones] .

-(SN 5 62-742)[lluest];

(c) Cae Pwll Lluest 1 92 1 map M. Jones [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Llwynddeinoei -(SN 560-720)[llwyn + pn. Deinioel] ; [lojn'dejn:ll Lluest Cottage, In ruins

T. Morgan,

lojn'�ejnj:ll

E. Williams]

Llwyndeinol 1 8 1 3PR Llanddeinoel, Llwyndeynol 1 8 1 4PR Llanddeinoel, Llwynddinol Cottage (prox. ) 1 8 1 6PR LlanddeinoeL Llwynddinol 1 8 1 7PR LlanddeinoeL Llwindeynol 1 826PR Llanilar, Llwynddeiol 1 839TMS Llanrhystud, LlwynddeinoL Llwyndeinol 1 83 9TMS, Llwyn-ddeiniol OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Deiniol OS 1 904, Llwindeiniol 'old spelling' 1 92 1 map M Jones

Maenelin-isa

-(SN 5 76-7 1 9) [maen + ?

(+ isaf) ] ; [ manelm'isa inf. ]

Maen Elyn isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Maen-elin-isaf OS 1 834, Maenelin isa' 1 83 2PR Llanddeinoel, Maenelin isaf 1 83 9TMS, Maen-elin-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Maen-Elin-ddu 1 92 1 map M. Jones "Many years ago this farm was called Maen-Elin-ddu to distinguish it from Maen-Elin-wen (Maen-Elin­ uchaf) as it was an older house and had no white-washed walls. The following about these two farms and two cottages nearby: Bryndu. "

Maenelin-ucha

is an old rhyme composed I Maen-Elin-wen a Maen-Elin-ddu I Castell y Broga a

[ 1 92lmap M. Jones] .

-(SN 580-722)[maen + ? (+ uchaf)] ;

Tythin Maen Elyn

1 61 3

Coleman MS

[manelm'ix;a inf., man el m Ixa E. ,

1 04, Manelyn

'

Williams]

1 8 1 3PR Llanddeinoel, Maenelin

1 8 1 4PR

Llangwrddon, Maen-elyn 1 8 1 5PR Llanddeinoel, Maenelyn 1 83 0PR LlanddeinoeL Maen Elyn uchaf OOS 1 82 1 ,Maen-elin-uchaf OS 1 834, Maenelin uchaf 1 83 91MS , Maen-elin-uchaf OS 1 891 , Manelin, -rvfaenellion 'old spellings' 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Maen-Elin-wen 1 92 1 map M. Jones

767

(5 1) MYFENYDD "Many years ago Maen-Elin-uchaf was called Maen-Elin-wen, because it was a well-built house, and noted for its white-washed walls. " ( 1 921map M. Jones] . Supposedly a corruption of maen eilun 'the idol stone' [ 1 921map M. Jones] . G. A Stephens [ 1 93 1 : 1 1 8] a writer obsessed by ancient religions, thought the name meant 'angle stone', and that the solstice occurred between between both Maenelin. W. Rees's identification of Sennonelyn [ 1 291 Tax.Eccl. : 276] as Ffynon Elin [1 933map W. Rees] is tentative, and its connection with Maenelin doubtful. Maesgwyn -(SN 572-7 1 3)[maes + gwyn]; (c) Y Maes Gwyn 1 6 1 3 Coleman MS 1 04, Maesgwyn 1 824PR LlanddeinoeL Masgwyne 1 83 0PR LlanddeinoeL Maesgwyn cott. 1 83 9TMS Meillionen -(SN 569-722)[meillionen]; (mej'ljonen T. Morgan, E. Williams] Meillionen 1 8 1 3PR Llanddeinoel, Feillionen 1 820PR LlanddeinoeL Meillionen OOS 1 82 1 , Meillionen OS 1 83 4, Meillionen OS 1 89 1 One would expect the original form o f this place-name t o have been Y Feillionen, with lenition, and this is shown in the 1 820 form, but the name was delenited; cf Meillionen (54-a), Feillionen (46-a). " . . . one of the fields on it called Cae Tanlangoch is famous for its growth of clover. " [1 921map M. Jones] . Melin Carrog -(SN 566-72 1 ) [melin + tn. (Plas] Carrog (51 -a)] ; [velDJ'kar�g E. Williams] Melyn Carrog als. Melyn vach 1 72 1 NLW Deeds MS 1 704, Felyn-fach 1 8 1 4PR Llanddeinoel, Felinfach 1 839TMS, Carrog Mill (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Carrog O S 1 904, Felin fach 'dest. ' 1 921map M.Jones, Melin Carrog 1 975 R Phillips p.25 According to M Jones [ 1 921map] Felin-fach was an old demolished cottage, but as Felin-fach was an alias ofMelin Carrog it seems to have been the older site ofMelin Carrog. Mynachdy'rgraig -(SN 557-748) [mynachdy + yr + craig]; [aj o:J ma 'nazti 'ar ei ol mae 'Nachdy' R Richards] Mynach-dy 1 8 1 7PR Llanddeinoel, Mynachdy OOS 1 82 1 , Mynachdy 1 824PR Llanddeinoel, Mynachdy OS 1 834, Monachdy, Monachdy'rgraig 1 83 9TMS, Monachty'r Graig 1 84 1 PR LlanddeinoeL Mynachty bach 1 843 TMS Llanychaearn, Mynachdy OS 1 89 1 , Mynachdy'r-graig OS1 904, Mynachdy Graig 1 990 D.H.Williams p. 57 Nanteos -(SN 5 87-707)[tn. Nanteos (64-a)] ; Nantyreos cott. 1 83 9TMS, Nanteos 1 990 E. Jones p. 37 Palmon -(SN 571 -720)[palmant ?] ; [palm�n E. Williams] Palmon 1 8 1 7PR Llanddeinoel, Palmon 1 83 9TMS, Palmon OS 1 89 1 Palmon may stand for palman(t) 'pavement', with fmal [ an] having becoming [ -=m ], a fairly frequent dialectal phenomenon. R J. Moore-Colyer [ 1 984: 25] notes (c) Cae Maes y Palman near Eurglodd (77-a), in the vicinity of a Roman fort, and one may compare Sam-y-palmant (Buttington, Monts.) [1 964b M. Richards: 399]; Penpalmant (SJ 06-68, Denbigh), Pen-palmant [OS1834], which shows the northern Welsh examples preserving the fmal in contrast to the two Cardiganshire examples - if these really do contain the term palmant. Though palmant is attested meaning 'cobblestone floor' (Bangor, Caerns.) [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 4 1 2] or 'pavement' (Nantgarw, Glams.) [ 1 993 c. H. Thomas: 2.61 5], the usual Welsh term at the present-day for 'pavement' is pajin. Another possibility for this place is that it is the pn. Palamon, cf. one Palamon Lewis of the parish of Caron had his will proved in 1 629 [p.c. G. Morgan], the expected loss of the unaccentuated medial syllable would regularly give a Welsh pronunciation *Palmon. Pantronnen -(SN 561 -721) [pant + yr + onnen] ; [pant'r�nen E. Williams] Pantyronen Cottage 1 921map M Jones, Pant-yr-onnen (sign) Pencwm-mawr -(SN 558-726)[pen + y + cwm (+ mawr)] ; [pe1Jkom'mawr T. Morgan, R Richards, pe1Jkum 'owr E. Williams] Come mawr 1 596 in 1 903-1 5 NLW MS 763-D p.47, Penycwm OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-cwm OS 1 834, Pen Cwm mawr 1 833PR LlanddeinoeL Pencwm 1 83 9TMS, Pencwmmawr 1 843TMS Llanychaearn, Pen-y­ cwm-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cwm-mawr OS 1 904 Pengraig -(SN 552-726) [pen + y + craig]; [peiJ'grajg T. Morgan, R. Richards, E. Williams] Penygraig 1 760CF, Pen-y-graig 1 776map MMackenzie, Penygraig OOS 1 82 1 , Pengraig 1 83 9TMS, Pen­ y-graig OS1 891 Perth-y-gwenyn -(SN 571 -72 1 )[perth + y + gwenynL [pere�·gwenm, now blajnkar�g'vrla E. Williams] Perth y Gwenin 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p. 296, (c) Cae Pen Perth y Gwenin 1 83 9TMS, Perth-y-gwennin OS 1 89 1 , Perth-y-gwenin OS 1 904 Plas-bach -(SN 579-71 6)[plas + bach]; [pla·s'ba:x, E. Williams] ,

-

768

(51) MYFENYDD Shimmau Wen 1 829PR Llanddeinoel, Simnai-wen OS1 834, Shimmeu Wen 1 832PR Llanddeinoel, Simnewen, Simnai-wen 1 839TMS, Plas-bach OS1 891 "This is a satirical or humorous name for a small cottage," [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Plas Carrog -(SN 562-725)[plas + tn. Carrog] ; [kar;,g T. Morgan, E. Williams] o Garroc 1 599 RepWMSS vol. 2 pt. 1 p.3 50, o Garwg c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 36, o Garog c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. l 5, Karog c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.28, Carrog 1 760map E.Bowen, Carrog OOS 1 82 1 , Carog 1 839TMS, Carrog OS 1 89 1 , Carrog, (pn.) Lewis y Carrog 1 91 3 J.Evans p. 88, Plas Carrog, (c1 05) Allt y Plas 1 92 1 map MJones The hn. Carrog was also the older alias of Llanddeinoel (51-a), cf. Carrog Farm (51 -a), Hen-Garrog (51-a). Popdy -(SN 560-719)[popdy] ; [kum'p;,pti, bla:n'wern R. Richards] Pobty 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Popty 1 8 1 4PR LlanddeinoeL Popty O S 1 834, Pobty 1 839TMS, Pobty OS 1 89 1 , Pob Ty, (c168) Cwm Pobty 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Glanwern OS1 982 M Jones (1 92 1map] suggests a connection between the bakegouse here and the nearby mill at Henfelin (51a). Sbeit -(SN 5 5 5-724)[E. spite]; [i·r'spejt R. Richards] Tavern Spite 1 760map E.Bowen, Spite 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. 1 39, Tavern Spite 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.41 , Spite 1 81 4PR LlanddeinoeL Spite OOS1 82 1 , Spyte 1 837PR LlanddeinoeL (c845) Cae Spite 1 83 9TMS Llanrhystud, Spite OS 1 891 , Sbeit 1 928 I. C.Peate p.9, Tegfryn OS1 982 In ruins, formerly a public house [ 192 1map M. Jones]; " Tavern Spite is an hospitium of latter times, open to all travellers, on condition of paying for their accomodations. " [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 41 ] ; 'a public house' [181 3 G. Nicholson: 7] ; see sub Ty-mawr (49-a) and Briws als. Brynffosydd (50-a). Sbeit-isa -(SN 555-723)[E. spite (+ isaf)]; [ma·r,spejt'isa, now we·'sajd R. Richards] Wayside OS 1 982, (sign) Trafel -(SN 561 -740)[ ? ] ; [travel E. Williams] Trafel 1 829PR Llanychaearn, Trafel 1 839TMS, Trafel OS 1 89 1 M. Jones [ 1 921map] gives a fanciful explanation based o n E . 'travel': "The name 'Trafel' was given t o the cottage because an old resident who lived there many years ago had a peculiarly quick walk. It is said he walked to Aberystwyth to follow his occupation every morning, and again he walked home in the evening; so the place was called Travel. " ; see Trafel (71-a). Triphlwyf -(SN 575-728)(tri + plwyfJ; [tnfluj E. Williams] (c215) Cae Triflwy 1 839TMS LlanddeinoeL (c343) Cae Triphlwy 1 92 1map M Jones, Glyn Bedw OS 1 982 Glynbedw is a new bungalow built on the site of the old Triphlwyj [inf. E. Williams] ; the name referring to the meeting of the three parishes ofLlanddeinoeL Llanychaearn and Llanilar. Twlc -(SN 571 -725)[twlc]; [tulk T. Morgan, E. Williams] Twlc 1 81 3PR LlanddeinoeL Twlc OS 1 834, Troed y Rhyw ? 1 83 8PR LlanddeinoeL Twlc ho. 1 839TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedy Rhiw Cottage, 'also called' Twlc, (cs) Cae Twlc, Bane y Twlc 1 921map M Jones The following account explaining Troed-y-rhiw to be older than Twlc is plainly contradicted by the documentary forms and the adjoining field-names with Twlc: "'Troedyrhiw' means the foot of the hill. The cottage is situated at the foot of a hill, hence the name. It is also known as 'Twlc' which in Welsh is a cot, hovel, or sty. This name was given to it by the late Mr Morice, gentleman farmer of Carrog about the year 1 83 0. It happened that a wild duck had built its nest in the cottage, which is in close proximity to boggy ground. Mr Morris who knew of the incident, was asked where the nest was, and instead of giving the proper name of the cottage, he replied, 'Mae hi wedi nythu yn y Twlc.' The translation of this is as follows:- 'It has built its nest in the sty. ", and the name 'Twlc' has survived to this day. The cottage is better known by this name than the proper and original name of Troedyrhiw. " Mr Morice had a wonderful gift of naming and renaming fields and places and whatever name was given to them by him remained. " [ 1 92 1 map M. Jones] . Tynrawyr -(SN 559-739)[tyddyn ? + yr + awyr] ; Tyn yr Owyr 1 733 in NLW MS ex.986b p.3, Tynyrawyr 1 8 1 8PR LlanddeinoeL Tyn-r-awyr O S 1 834, Ty'nrawyr 1 833PR Llanddeinoel, Tynyrawyr 1 839TMS, Ty'n-yr-awyr OS 1 89 1 , Ty'rawyr 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7 In ruins (OS1 904]. This name does not assuredly contain the usual contraction o f tyddyn 'farm', but may well contain tin 'arse', which would have meant a jocular reference (to loose morals?); cf. Coc-yr-awyr 769

(51) MYFENYDD (44-a), Ceillau 'rawyr als. Blaen Benlan (44-a). No credence should be given to M. Jones's supposition [1921map] that this was a corruption of Ty-o-wfr or Bodowfr 'the habitation of the priests', and that there was some connection with the nearby standing stones ofMeini (52-a). Tynbwlch -(SN 5 5 7-732)[tyddyn + y + bwlch] ; [trm'bulz T. Morgan, R Richards] Tyn y Bwlch 1 73 3 in NLW MS ex. 986b p. 3 , Tynbwlch 1 8 1 7PR Llanddeinoel, Tynybylchau 1 8 1 9PR LlanddeinoeL Tyn y Bwlch OOS 1 82 1 , Tynybwlch Cottage 1 829PR LlanddeinoeL Tyn-y-bwlch O S 1 834, Tynybylche 1 834PR Llanddeinoel, Tynybwlche 1 839TMS

Tyncwarei -(SN 5 59-73 0) [tyddyn + y + cwarel] ; Ty'nyquarel 1 8 1 4PR Llanddeinoel, Tynycwarel 1 827PR Llanddeinoel, Tynychwarel 1 83 9TMS, Bellevue OS 1 904, Ty CwareL 'later' Ty Pwdin, later 'Bellevue, Bellevue Cottage,

(c58)

Cae Dan Bellevue 1 92 1 map

M Jones In ruins

[1921map M. Jones] . "Bellevue was named Mr Morice had a daughter

about the year 1 856.

by the late

Mr

Morice, gentleman farmer of Carrog

who was a good scholar. On one occasion she was

returning home from England by the Mail Coach. When

Mr

Morice was questioned where did his

daughter alight, he jocularly said at the Bellevue, and this name has survived to this day. The original name for the cottage Bellevue was 'Ty Cwarel' which means Quarry House, owing to a quarry being close by. After Ty Cwarel it was nicknamed 'Ty Pwdin' owing to the soft mud that was used to repair its earthen walls. " [ 1 921map M. Jones] . Tyn-y-cwm -(SN 5 84-705 )[tyddyn + y + cwm] ; Tynycwm ho. 1 83 9TMS

Ty-newydd -(SN 5 54-724)[tY + newydd] ; Tynewydd Cottage 'dest. ' 1 92 1 map M Jones

Tynrhos - (SN 5 80-71 5) [tyddyn + y + rhos] ; [br'ho:s, ti ro : s E. '

Williams]

Tu'n y Rhos 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS , Tynrhose 1 775 Castlehill MSS , Tynrhos 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MSS , Tynyrhoss 1 822 Castlehill MSS, Tynrhos 1 83 9TMS, Ty'n-y-rh6s OS 1 89 1

Ysgol Llanddeinoel -(SN 560-721 ) [ysgol + tn. Llanddeinoel (51-a)]; Sch O S 1 904, Llanddeiniol N.P. 1 945 WLS, Ysgol Llanddeiniol 1 974 CER vol. 7 p. 3 56, Hall OS 1 982

A school between 1 827-1 953 [ 1 993 G. Morgan: 14] .

geonyms Bron Gum -(SN 564- 7 1 9)[bron + tn. Gurn (51-a)]; (cs l 54, 1 56) Fran, Fran y Girn 1 83 9TMS,

Coed Fron-guro OS 1 89 1 ,

(cl l 8)

Coed Fron-guro 1 92 1 map

M Jones, Fron Guro 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 3 The notoriously unreliable OS 1 891 form gives

Fron-guro,

a s does M . Jones

[1 92 1map]

who explained

that: " Early in the last century young men tested their strength by holding wrestling matches on Fran Guro, and lifting heavy weights, such as the anvil from the smithy. 'Guro' means to defeat, and a party was defeated on this hill. " However, the tithe map shows that

guro was a mistake for Gum (51-a), a (51-a), rather than Gum land, the geographical feature that gave the name Gum stood just behind Brongum. Coed Tancarrog - ( SN 5 65-725)[ coed + tan + tn. [Plas] Carrog (51 -a)]; nearby farm, and whilst this stood on Benglog land

Coed Tan-carrog OS 1 89 1

Craig-y-boncath - (SN 5 6 1 -747) [craig + y + boncath] ; (c21 6b) Craig y Foncath 1 92 1 map M. Jones, Craig y Boncath 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7 Cwmcroes -(SN 5 59-722)[cwm + croes] ; (cs) Cae Cwm Croes, Coed Cwm Croes, (c1 06c) Cwm yr Eglwys 1 92 1 map M.Jones So named because it strikes transversely from the valley of the river Carrog. " . . . is close to two dingles which cross one another, hence it derives its name. "

[1 921map M. Jones] .

Ddisgwylfa -(SN 570-72 1 )[y + disgwylfa] ; Disgwilfa 1 839TMS, Disgwylfa O S 1 904, Cnwc Disgwylfa 'earthwork', M Jones

A plantation. Fuddai-gorddi -(SN 549-732)[y + buddai + corddi] ;

770

(c)

Cae Disgwylfa 1 92 1 map

(5 1) MYFENYDD Fydde Gorddi, Fydde Gorddi 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Craig Fyddai Gorddi 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7, Fydde Gorddi 1 924--26 CSRLS 3 3 "This i s an opening i n a rock on the shore about nine feet deep. When the tide i s in, the noise i n the opening can be heard from a distance, and is very similar to the noise made when churning. " [ 1 921map M.

Jones] . Gwig-y-bae -(SN 554-742)[gwig + y + bae] ; (c21 9c) Wigybau als. Ogof Ffair Rhos 1 92 1 rnap M Jones "Wig means a nook or cove. This is the entrance to another subway to Strata Florida Abbey [ cf sub Twlltwnv (51 -b)] . The monks from there travelled through it to fish in Cardigan Bay, near the shores of Mynachdy. I Ogof Ffair Rhos implies the cave ofFfair Rhos - Ffair Rhos is a fair that is held annually at a village not far from the ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. " [ 1 92 l map M. Jones] . The name Ogo Ffair-rhos might point to smuggling activities, see Llwybr-y-gwin als. Llwybr-y-gath (58-b). Henrhos -(SN 572-728)[hen + rhos]; (c13 5) Henros, (c139) Cae Henrhos 1 83 9TMS, Henros 1 92 1 map M.Jones "Henros is an old moor which has been drained and reclaimed, but the lower part of the field is still boggy. " [1 921map M.Jones].

Langoch -(SN 570-723)[y + glan + coch] ; Langoch 1 92 1 map M Jones, Penlangoch, Allt Penlangoch, (c) Cae Tanlangoch 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Allt Pen-lan-goch OS1 982 This was a haunt of fairies known as Ffivliaid bach Langoch [ 1 92 1map M. Jones].

Llechwedd-y-mor -(SN 559-729)[llechwedd + y + mor] ; (c46) Llechwedd y Mor 1 83 9TMS, Bronydd (SN 547-726) + (c1 ) Morfa Gias (SN 5 5 0-730) 1 92 1 rnap M Jones

Penglog -(SN 5 54-734)[pen + y + clog]; (c) Cae Penglog 1 839TMS, Penglog, (c) Cae Penglog, Fron Glog 1 92 1 rnap M.Jones, Penglog, (c) Fron Glog 1 924-26 CSRLS 33, Pen-glog 0Sc. 1 950, Pen Glog OS 1 89 1

Pengraigfelen -(SN 552-737) [pen + y + craig + melen] ; Pengraigfelen als. Llain, Craig Pengraigfelen 1 92 1 rnap M. Jones

Penllwynmoch -(SN 5 66-724)[pen + llwyn + y + moch]; (c141) Cae Penllwynrnoch 1 83 9TMS, Pen Llwyn-moch O S 1 89 1 , Alit Penllwynrnoch, Cae Penllwynrnoch 1 92 1 map M.Jones, Pen Llwyn-moch 0Sc. 1 950

Sam Mynachdy -(SN 5 55-747)[sarn + tn. Mynachdy (51-a)] ; Sarn Mynachdy 1 92 1 map M Jones "It

can

be plainly seen when the tide is out. The sea did not come in so far then as it does now. " [ 1 921map

M. Jones] . Twlltwrw -(SN 5 55-744)[twll + twrw] ; [tul'tu·ru E. Williams] Monk's Cave OS 1 891 , Monk's Cave c. 1 902 E . RHorsfall-Turner p . 79, Twll Twrw 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 34, Monk's Cave, Twll Twrw OS 1 904, Twll Twrw 'local name' 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7, 'known as' Twll­ twrw 'the thunder hole' 1 926 Pam 7 p. 50, Ogof y Mynach 1 963 D . R.Davies p.45, Ogof y Mynach 1 984 D.J. G. Evans p.24 This is 'a blow hole' [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 1 34], whose Welsh name refers to the thunderous noise of the sea surging into the cave [1921 map M. Jones] . Its English name Monks Cave derives from the belief that there was a subterranean passage to Ystradfflur (34-a) used by the monks ( 1 92lmap M. Jones] .

Twrgwenno -(SN 554-744)[t\Vr + f pn. Gwenno] ; Egg Rock c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 79, Twr Gweno (The Egg Rock) 1 92 1 rnap M Jones, TWI­ Gweno (The Egg Rock) 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 3 , Egg Rock 1 93 1 G A. Stephens p. 1 1 9 A 'strikingly-shaped rock, stood, but washed away' [ 1 93 1

G. A Stephens: 1 19]; . . . called by tourists the Egg Twlltwnv (51-b)] . During the year "

Rock from its similarity to an egg, was a rock close to the cave [i. e.

1 907 it collapsed by the constant action of the sea, and only parts of it are now to be seen. This rock commemorates the tragic death of an old lady named Gwen. She eked out a living by gathering firewood on the beach and periwinkles for market. During a storm the old lady had not been able to go down to the shore. The frrst fme day was on a Sunday, and on that day, in attempting to get down the rocks to the beach, she fell over and was killed. Her body was found the next day at the foot of the Egg Rock. "

[1921map M. Jones] . 771

(5 1) MYFENYDD Twrgwylanod -(SN 552-736) [tWI- + y + gwylanod] ; TWI- Gwylanod OS 1 89 1 , Twr Gwylanod 1 92 l map M Jones, Twr Gwylanod 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 3

772

(52) MYFENYDD LLANYCHAEARN Aberbrwynen -(SN 590-765) [aber + hn Brwynen] ; [ab�.brujnen E. Williams] Aberbrwynen 1 643 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Aberbrwinen 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 345, Aberbrwinen 1 775PR Llanbadam-fawr, Aberbrwyn.n 1 806PR Llanychaeam, Aberbrwynen 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Aberbrynen, Aberbrwynen 1 8 1 8sur map, Aberbrwynen isaf OOS 1 821, Aber-brwynen-isaf OS 1 834, Aberbrwynen OS 1 89 1 R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 06] compares the toponyrns Blaenbrwynen (SN 28-29, Trelech, Carms.), Cwmbrwynen (unloc., prox. Garthbeibio, Monts.), Brwynen (SJ 03-21, Llanwddyn, Monts.). He further suggests: "Diamau bod yr enw hwn i'w gysylltu a'r enw brwynen 'corsen, pabwyren', am fod y cyfryw yn tyfu hyd y nentydd hyn; cyrnharer BRWYNO . . . ac enwau nentydd eraill o lysiau a blodau fel Blodeuyn, Blodau (Caerf ; Cered. ), Cloigen, Abercloigen (Caerf ; Cered.) (+-- enw cloigen 'gwelltyn'); Corsen (Caern. ); Gwden (Trefn. ) (+-- enw gwden 'gwialen'); Meillionen (Caem.); Syfien (Brych.) (+-- enw syji"en 'mefusen') . Hefyd, ceir enw brwynen 'cerrynt mewn afon neu nant; canol ffordd', ond nid tebyg mai hwnnw a welir yrna. " The location of Aberbrwynen, does not seem particularly wet, so that Brwynen might have another meaning, perhaps a personal-name; cf Aberbrwynen (40-a). Aberbrwynen-fach -(SN 588-762) [aber + hn. Brwynen (+ bach)] ; [ab�.brujnen'va:z E. Williams] Aberbrwynen uchaf O OS I 82 1 , Aberbrwynen ucha 1 825PR Llanychaeam, Aber-brwynen-uchaf OS 1 834, Aber-brwynen-iach OS 1 89 1 Aberllolwyn -(SN 587-772)[aber + hn. Llolwyn] ; Aberllolwyn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 6, Aberllolwyn 1 664 Crosswood MSS, Aberllollwyn 1 666 Glanpaith MSS p.9, Aberllollowyn 1 694/95 Nouadd MSS, Aberllolwyne 1 73 8 Gwynfryn MSS, Aberllolwyne 1 760map E.Bowen, Aberllolwn c. 1 760 in 1 949 H. Owen p. 792, Aber Llolwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Aberllolwyn 1 8 1 5PR Llanychaearn, Aberllolwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Aber Llolwyn & Aber-llolwyn Farm OS 1 982 A composite hollol + gwyn could explain the form of Llolwyn. Alltmai -(SN 593 -763) [allt + ? ] ; [ait'maj E. Williams] Gallt Mary 1 6 50rent, Gallt Mai 1 771 Castlehill MS S, Allt Mai 1 777 Cymerau MSS, Allt Mai 1 803map J. Singer, Alltmai 1 8 1 2PR Llanychaearn, Alltmay 1 821PR Llanychaearn, Yr Alit Maid (sic) OOS 1 821 , Gallt-mai OS 1 834, Galltmai 1 840TMS, Gallt y Mai 1 842 Cymerau MSS, Gallt y Fai 1 868 B.Williams p.209, Allt-mai O S 1 891 The 1 650 form seems to suggest that stands for the fpn. Mari. In Breton the f pn. Mari becomes Mai quite regularly, but this development is - as far as I know - wholly irregular in Welsh. The 1 821 form was suggested by the proximity of the hn. Maed. The most obvious explanation of this name would be by the pn. Mai (OW. Mei [c. l 1 40 LL: 272]), however, the lenition of would be expected after allt; cf. Caeifai (St Davids) [1 992 PN Pembs: 286-87) ; and for other examples see 1 93 8 R J. Thomas pp. 3 1-32; M Richards [ 1 972a: 890]; and possibly Cilfai (E. Kilvey, Swansea, Glams.). Blaenplwyf(i) -(SN 568-748)[blaen + y + plwyfj; [brm'hejlwen, he·n'gapel E. Williams] Blain Plwy OOS 1 82 1 , Blaenblwy 1 826PR Llanychaearn, Blaen Plwy 1 832PR Llanddeinoel, Blaen-plwyf 1 832PR Llanilar, Blaen Plwyv 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol2 p. 1 64, Blaen-plwyf OS 1 834, Brynhaulwen OS1 982 b. 1 802 [1987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 50] ; b. 1 8 1 9 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 533, 1 978 Ddolen: 1; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 50] ; see Capel Blaenplwyf (52-a); denom. CM. BLAENPLWYF(ii) -(SN 577-756)[tn. [Capel] B laenplwyf (52-a)]; [blan'pluj E. James, bla:n'plojv D. W. Jones (Nebo)] Pentre Park ? 1 864PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pentre'r-parc ? 1 843PR Llanbadam-fawr, Blaen Plwyf 1 892 Cymru vol.2 p.25, Pont-lanio OS 1 89 1 , Pont-lanio 0Sc. 1 950, Blaenplwyf (Pont Lanio) OS 1 982 The early name Pentre-parc would suit this roadside village which grew around Pare (52-a), though the resiting of Capel Blaenplwyf (52-a) nearer this village in 1 878-80 finally established Blaenplwyf as the name of the village. Another alias of this village appears to have been named after Pont Llanio, itself an alias of Gwarcwm-ucha (52-a). Comprising: 1 ) Capel Blaenplwyf, 2) Gwarcwm-isa, 3) Gwarcwm-ucha, 4) Llan-fach, 5) Llwyngwyn, 6) New Inn, 7) New Row, 8) Pare, 9) T�gfan. Bryncrwn -(SN 582-757)[bryn + crwn] ; [brDJ'kron E. Williams] 773

(52) MYFENYDD Bryn Crwn 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bryncrwn 1 807PR Llanychaearn, Bryncrwyn, Brynecrwyn, (es) Glan y Brin Crwn, Ca yr Bryn Crwn 1 8 1 8sur map, Bryn Crwn OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn-crwn OS 1 83 4, Bryn-crwn OS 1 89 1

Bryneithin -(SN 584-782)[bryn + yr + eithin] ; Bryn-yr-eithin O S 1 834, Bryneithin 1 83 5PR Llanychaearn, Bryn Eithyn 1 83 8PR Llanychaearn, Bryneithin, Bryneithin, 'formerly called' Tynygwndwn 1 840TMS, Bryn-yr-eithin OS 1 89 1 , Bryneithyn OS 1 982 The 'formerly called Tynygwndwn' means that

Bryneithin was once part of Tyngwndwn (52-a), as both

places are distinct the one from the other.

Bryneithin Lodge -(SN 582-78 1 ) [tn Bryneithin (52-a) + E. lodge] ; Bryneithyn Lodge OS 1 982

Bryngeifr -(SN 5 79-779)[bryn + y + geifr] ; Bryn-y-geifr OS 1 89 1 , Bryn Geifr 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7

Brynglas -(SN 580-766) [bryn + glas] ; [bng'gla:s T . Morgan, E . Williams, briiJ,gla:s'va:x (prox.) E. Williams] Brynglas Farm OS 1 982

Bryngolau -(SN 572-75 1 )[bryn + golau] ; [briiJ'golej E. Williams] Bryngolau OS 1 982 A minister's house [ inf E. Williams ] .

Brynychen -(SN 579-774)[bryn + yr + ychen]; [brm';::,x,en E. James] Tythin Brynychen 1 8 1 8 Cymerau MSS , Brynyrychen isaf 1 822PR Llanychaearn, Bryn'r-ychen OS 1 834, Brynyrychain 1 83 3PR Llanychaearn, Brynyrychen 1 840TMS, Brynyrychen als. Tythin Brynyruchen 1 841 Cymerau MSS , Brynrychen 1 88 5 Crosswood Add MSS , Bryn-yr-ychain OS 1 891

Bwlchtalywen -(SN 5 83 -754)[bwlch + ? ]; [bulx, bulxdal'owen E. Williams]

Bwlch Talwen 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch Dalowen 1 8 1 3PR Llanychaearn, Bwlch D1owen 1 824PR Llanychaearn, Bwlch Dan Owen 1 825PR Llanychaearn, Bwlch OS 1 834, Bwlch Talowen 1 832PR Llanychaearn, B wlchtalowen 1 840TMS, Bwlch-dal-owen OS 1 89 1 The second element written talywen by me i s problematic. The personal-name

Ywain seems ruled out, as

no possible meaning could then be found for the preceding , however, cf Llangronwy (41-a) . An etymology with tal 'tall' + ywen 'yew tree' seems unlikely, on the grounds that tal was not applied to trees

hir. The varying forms of Talwen Talwern (SO 06-33, Llanddew, Brees.), Talwen [ OS1 834] , may enable us to see an original place-name * Talwern, or even *Talwaun, or * Talywen. Place-names with what are probably identical elements are Dol-dal-Owen (OS map form) (SH 62-26, Cwm Naneol, Llanbedr, Mers.) and Neuadd-dalwen (Llanafan-fawr, Brees.), Noyadd Dalwen 1 697, Neuadd Dalwen 1 728, Noyadd Olwen 1 85 1 , Noyaddalwen 1 86 1 [2001 G. A Fychan: 139-40] . Both these places could be named after a personal-name found in the patronym of Wion ap Dalwen (Nannau, Mers.) [ 1 293 Mers.SR: 46]. Talwen may be an adjectival personal-name * Talwyn 'white forehead' [ 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 1 93-94] , though the recurrence of initial might weigh against such an etymology; cf. Talgrwn (16-a). Bwlchgwynt -(SN 575-773) [bwlch + y + gwynt] ; as early as 1 778, the usual word for 'tall' at that time being

�

Bwlch y Gwynt 1 8 1 2PR Llanychaearn, Bwlch-y-gwynt O S 1 834, Bwlch Gwynt 1 834PR Llanychaearn, Bwlchygwint 1 840TMS, Sunny-hill OS 1 982

Capel Blaenplwyf -(SN (ii)575-754)[ capel + tn. Blaenplwyf(i) (52-a)] ; [kapel,bla:n'pluj E. James] Blaenplwy Chapel 1 840TMS, Blaenplwyv c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276, Capel Blaen-plwyf OS 1 904 i) SN 568-748. See Blaenplwyfci) (52-a).

ii) SN 575-754.

reb. 1 878-80 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 276; 1 978 Ddolen: 1 ; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 150] .

Castle -(SN 5 8 0-765)[E. castle] ; Castle 1 840TMS

Cefn Greigwen -(SN 5 75-732)[ cefu + tn Greigwen (54-a)]; [keveg'gngwen E. Williams, keven'grigwen T. Morgan] Cefn y Greigwen 1 8 1 3PR Llanychaearn, Cefn y Graig Wen OOS 1 82 1 , Cefn-y-graigwen OS 1 834, Cefengraigwen 1 83 1PR Llanddeinoel, Cefngraigwen Farm OS 1 982

Cefu

Graigwen

1 840TMS,

Cefnmelgoed -(SN 577-742)[cefu + tn. Melgoed] ; [keven,mi·l'g�jd E. Williams]

774

Cefu-y-graig-wen

O S 1 891 ,

(52) MYFENYDD o Gefn Melgoed 1 500)-2 RepWMSS vol. l pt. 1 p. 8 1 9, Keven Melcoyde 1 55 8 CalPR p. 3 8 5 , Keven Melgoed 1 599- 1 600 Gog. OS p. 29, Kefn Maelgoedd ? c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 5 6, Kefn Melgoed c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p . 5 3 , o Gefn Melgoed ? c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol.2 p. 3 0, Keven Melgoed 1 65 1 Aberglasney MS 1 05, Kefen Melgoed 1 699 F. Green MSS vol 25 n. 56, Cefen Melgoed 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 344, Cefnmeilgoed 1 806PR L1anychaearn, Ce:fu-mllgoed 1 81 OPR Llanychaearn, Cefn Melgoed 1 8 1 8sur map, Cefn Malgoed OOS 1 82 1 , Cefnmelgoed 1 840TMS, Cefn-melgoed OS 1 89 1 , Cefenmelgod in£ E.Evans The meaning of melgoed appears to be 'honey wood', the occurrence of mae! and

mil can be discounted is the realisation keven,mi·l'g:>jd. It is possibly a direct cognate of the E.tn. Melchet (Ramps.), of Brittonic origin, which E. Ekwall [ODEPN: 320] tentatively suggests moe! 'bare' as the first element, cf Moelgoed (73-b), Tyllgoed (17-a). It is possible that this name emulates that of Cefnmelgoed (Llangathen, Canns .) which was a house of note as early as the fifteenth century [fl. 1485d L. Glyncothi: 1 19; 1 987 F. Jones: 28]. Cefnmelgoed-fach -(SN 579-742)[cefn + tn. Melgoed (+ bach)] ; as popular etymology, as

Cefenmelgoed fach 1 829PR Llanychaearn, Cefn-melgoed-:ffich OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-melgoed-bach OS 1 904

Com-y-bwch -(SN 566-75 1 )[corn + y + bwch] ; Corn y Bwch 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343, Corn y Bwch 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, C orn 1 81 5PR Llanychaearn, Cornybawch, Corny Bwch 1 8 1 8sur map, Cornybwch 1 840TMS, Corn OS 1 891 Inexistent [OSI 904]. The term corn-y-bwch was used for 'broomrape' (L. Orobanche) [GPC s.v. com], but in view of the full name of the nearby Meini (52-a) having been Meini 'rbwch, this meaning is unlikely for this place-name; cf Cornbwch (50-a), Com-yr-afr (5-a), Cribin Comhydd (32-a), Comgam (1 7-a).

Cwmceitw -(SN 564-765)[cwm + y + ceirw] ; [kum'ki·ru E. Williams] Cum y Keyro 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Cwrnceirw 1 809PR Llanychaearn, Cwm Ceirw-fach (prox.) 1 83 5PR Llanychaearn, Cwm-ceirw O S 1 834, Cwm-ceirw OS 1 89 1

Cwmedwig -(SN 5 86-778)[ cwm + ? ] ; Cwm Erdwin 1 77 1 Castlehill MSS, Cwm Edwig 1 777 Cymerau MSS, Cwmedwig 1 778PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Cwmedwig 1 806PR Llanychaearn, Cwm Edwog (2x) OOS 1 82 1 , Cwm-edwig O S 1 8 34, Cwmedwig 1 840TMS, Cwm-coedwig OS 1 89 1 , Cwmgoedwig O S 1 904, Cwm Edwig 1 946 T.Beynon p. 87

Cwrt-y-cwm -(SN 5 8 1 -764) [cwrt + y + cwmL [kurt T. Morgan, pn. tum'kurt E. Williams] Cwrt y Cwm 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cwrt y Cwm als. Spite Chancery 1 753 Ffosrhydgaled MSS, (c) Ca Cwrt y Cwm 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 345, Cwrt y Cwm als. Spite Chancery 1 790 Ffosrhydgaled MSS, CwrcycWm 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Cwrt y Cwm OOS 1 82 1 , Cwrtcwm als. Spite Chancery 1 822 Ffosrhydgaled MSS, Cwrt y Cwm 1 823PR Llanilar, Cwrt-y-cwm O S 1 834, Cwrt-y-cwm O S 1 89 1 For a n explanation o f Spite Chancery, see sub Siansri (52-a).

Efail Tynffordd -(SN 567-746)[efail + tn. Tynffordd (52-a)]; [evel,tm'f:>r(} R. Richards] Smithy OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-ffordd S mithy, (c) Cae'r Efail 1 92 1 map M Jones, Old Smithy O S 1 982 Etw-lon -(SN 5 8 5-788)[erw + lion] ; [eru'bn D. Jenkins] Erwelon OS 1 982

Esgairhir -(SN 567-759)[ esgair + hir] ; [�r'eskern E. Williams] Yr Esker Heer 1 624 Sir John Williams p. 1 20, Rhesker Hyr 1 666 Glanpaith MSS p.9, Esgir Hir 1 8 1 8 Cymerau MSS, Esgair Hir OOS 1 821 , Esgair Hir O S 1 834, Esgaer Hir 1 840TMS, Esgair-hir 0Sc. 1 950

Ftigur-fior -(SN 589-775)[E. figure + four]; [figrr'fo:r E . James] Fingerfour 1 8 1 0PR Llanychaearn, Fig Four 1 825PR Llanychaearn, Figure of Four O S 1 834, Figure Four 1 832PR Llanychaearn, (c) Cae F igure Four (prox. ) 1 840TMS, Figure 4 1 859PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Figure Four OS 1 89 1 This appears t o have been the name o f an inn, but the signification o ffigure four i s unclear.

Ffoslas -(SN 560-757)[ffos + glas] ; [fos'la:s E. Williams] Ffos-Ias 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Ffoslas 1 808 Cymerau MSS, Foeslase 1 808 W.J.Hemp MS S p.9, Ffos Las OOS 1 821 , Ffos-las O S 1 834, Ffos-las O S 1 89 1 , Ffos-las 0Sc. 1 950

Ffosrhydgaled -(SN 578-764)[ffos + tn. Rhydgaled]; [fo·sri·d'galed E. Williams] Ffose Argallad 1 666 Glanpaith MSS p. 9, Foesrhydgaled 1 790 Ffosrhydgaled MSS, Ffosrhydgaled 1 8 1 4PR Llanychaearn, Ffos Rhydgaled OOS 1 82 1 , Ffos-rhyd-galed OS 1 834, Ffo s-rhyd-galed O S 1 89 1 , Hotel + Motel O S 1 982, a'r Conrah 1 983 Ddolen n. 5 9, Conrah Country Hotel (sign) The form of Penrhiwgaled (52-a) for 1 83 8 - viz Penrhiw Ffosgaled - suggests that sometimes the element rhyd was dropped altogether, note the form of 1 666; see Siansri (52-a).

775

(52) MYFENYDD Frondeg -(SN 574-759)[y + bron + teg]� [vr:ln'de:g T. Morga!\ E. Williams] Frondeg 1 8401MS, Fron-deg OS1 891 Garreglwyd -(SN 566-740)[y + carreg + llwyd]� [gareg 'lujd E. Williams] Carreglwyd 1 826PR Llanychaearn, Garreg Lwyd 1 840TMS, Careg-lWy-d OS 1 89 1 , Careg-lwyd OS 1 904, Carreglwyd OS 1 982 Glanrhos -(SN 571 -748)(glan + y + rhos]; [lan'ro:s T. Morgan] Glangors Rydh ? 1 699 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 56, Glan y Rhos 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343, Glanyrhos 1 795 Alltllwyd MSS, Glan)'rh6s 1 805PR Llanychaearl\ Glen-y-rhos, Glenrhose, Glanrhose 1 8 1 8sur map, Glan Rhos OOS 1 821 , Glan-rhos 0Sc. 1 830, Hen Glanrh6s (prox. ) 1 83 3PR L1anddeinoel, Glan-rh6s OS 1 891 If this name is the same as the 1 699 form it must originally have referred to Gorsrudd (52-b), however it is now some 400m away - and hidden by a hill - from Gorsrudd, which presumably makes the present site a new one which had removed from a site nearer Gorsrudd (cf Hen Glanrhos 1 83 3 above). The present site away from the bog made it easier to reanalyse Glangors as Glanrhos. Y Glyn -(SN 584-780)[y + glyn]; Y Glyn OS 1 904 Gwarcaeau -(SN 575-734)[gwar + y + caeau]; Gwar Caeiau OOS 1 821, Gwar-caeau OS 1 834, Gwarcaue 1 840TMS, Gwarycaeau, (cs254-55) Cae Gwarcaeau 1 921map M. Jones In ruins ( 192l map M. Jones) . Gwarcwm-isa -(SN 577-757) [gwar + y + cwm (+ isaf)]; Gwal)rcW:m 1 81 7PR Llanychaearn, Gwarcwm isaf 1 840TMS Inexistent [OS1 891 ] . Gwarcwm-ucha -(SN 577-756)[gwar + y + cwm ( + uchaf)] ; [kJjn'te:g E . Williams] Pontlanio ? 1 828PR Llanychaearn, Pontllanio ? { 1 st deleted} 1 829PR Llanychaearn, Tai newyddion OS 1 834, Gwarcwm uchaf 1 840TMS, Pont-lanio O S 1 89 1 , Pont-lanio OS 1 904 Three houses [inf. E. Williams] . This appears to have been the original kernel of the village of Blaenplwyj, and as the village was also known as Pont Llanio it is possible they were also called by that name; cf Blaenplwyfiii) (52�a). Henblas -(SN 598-762)[hen + plas]; Abermayte 1 55 8 CalPR p.385, Abermaed 1 596/97 Crosswood MSS, Abermaid 1 600 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.42, Abermaid c. 1 600 L.Dwnn voLl p. 80, Abermaed, Abemaed c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 16, Abermaed 1 602 G.Owen vol. l p.467, Abermaed 1 6 1 0/1 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Abermayed 161 1 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Abermaid 1 61 5-1 6 Gog. OS p.98, Abermaied 1 620 Nouadd MSS, Abermaied 1 63 1 F. Green MSS vol.25 p . 1 2, Abermade 1 650rent, Abermaide 1682PR Llanbadam-fawr, Abermade 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 9, Abermead 1 747 L.Morris p.50, Abermaid 1 757 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 896, Abermead 1757 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 902, Abermaid 1 760CF, Abermaide 1 767PR Llanilar, Abermaid 1 803map J. Singer, Aber Maid OOS 1 821 , Palace 1 823PR Llanilar, Plase 1 827PR Llanilar, Aber Mad OS1 834, Plas 1 837PR Llanilar, Abermade 1 843TMS Llanilar, Abermaide 1 840TMS, Hen-bias OS 1904 See A hennaed (54-a). Llainwen -(SN 565-752)[1lain + gwen] ; [lan'wen E. James, iajn'wen E. Williams] Llaenwen OOS 1 821, Llain-wen 1 825PR Llanychaearn, Llan-wen 1 832PR Llanychaearl\ Llain-wen OS 1 834, Llain-wen OS 1 89 1 Llan-fach -(SN 577-757)[1lan + bach]; [ian'va:x E. James, E. Williams] Mission Room OS 1 904 b. c. 1 878 [ 1992 G. Morgan: 1 8). Llanychaearn -(SN 584-786)[ ? ] ; Llanyhayarn 1 549 NLW MS 2912 p. 14, Llanvuchayron 1 558 CalPR p.385, Ll. Llwch Hayarn (sic) 1 566EPC, Llanachhaime 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanychaiam 1 592 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llanychayarn 1 597/98rent, Llanychayarn 1 600 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, Llanychaiarn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 6, Llanerch Haiarn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 5 1 , Lhan Ychayam c. 1 600 S.D.Rhys p. l 36, Llanychayarne 1 602 Prob. St­ David, [ ]hayame als. Llanyrhane als. Llanyhaywame 1 61 0/1 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanehayarne 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 123, Llanychaiarne 1 630 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 1 8, Llanyrhane 1 641 Nouadd MSS, Llanycha'n 1 642 F.Green MSS vol.25 n.37, Llanychayme 1 65 1 Aberglasney MS 105, Llanachayarn 1 695/96 Bronwydd MSS, Llanyrhaiarn 1 697PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanarchayrne 1 7 1 6 Bronwydd MSS , 776

(52) MYFENYDD Llanychairon (sic) 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llanychaiarn 1 747PR Llanilar, Llanachian 1 760map E.Bowen, Llanuchaim 1 765map E.Bowen et a!., Llanychaiarn, Llanychairon 1 795 St-David MSS vol. 3 p. 1 83, Llan Llwch Haiarn (sic) 1 799EPC, Llanuchaiarn 1 808PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llannwchaiarn OOS 1 82 1 , Llanuwchaiarn 1 826 in 1 91 1 J.C.Davies p. 1 45, Llan!!wch Haiarn Village 1 832PR Lledrod, Llanychaiarn (Llan-llwch-aiarn) 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vo1.2 p. 1 64, St. Llwchaiarn's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 891 , St. Hychan's Church OS 1 904 Whilst Llanychaearn looks most like a reduction of *Llannerchaearn - as supposed by one ofL. Dwnn's forms of c. 1 600 and the following forms of Llannerchaeron (27-a), Llanvcharon 1 408, Llanuchairon 1 535, Llanychayron 1 5 54, Llanachayryn 1 578, Llanychayaron 1 6 1 0. In Pembrokeshire, Llanychlwydog appears to be Llannerchlwydog [ 1 993 PNPembs: 97] - the significance of haearn following 1/annerch is not clear. We must allow the possibility advanced by R Morgan & G. G. Evans [ 1 993 : 35] that Llanychaearn is a reduction of Llanllwchaearn comparable to Llanllyr (Rads.) --+ Llanjir. However, this reduction is far from being a regular one, and the accentuation is not strictly comparable (the example given by R. Morgan & G. G. Evans of Llanlleinvg (E. StMellons, Glams.) --+ Llaneirwg is vitiated by the fact that it is not certain that Llanlleinvg was the original form of Llaneirwg [1 967-70 M. Richards: 98]). However, the attestation of Nantllamysten (Cwmteud.dwr) as Nantymystin 1 832, Nantymustyn 1 870 [ 1980 I. Daf.Ydd: 93 ] , and Llanlloddian (Llanfair Caereinion, Monts.) realised .ellan':l(")jan [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 361 ], may support the loss of an original in Llanychaearn. But I remain rather sceptical that one church named after Llwchaearn in the county should remain as Llanllwchaearn (20-a) whilst another should become Llanychaearn. According to S. R Meyrick [1 808: 335] the church was dedicated to Llywchairn (Llwchaearn's feast being held on the twelfth of January [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 1 8]). The dedication to Hychan [ 1 986 Ddolen: 84] can be discarded. Church b. c. 1 650 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 532]; reb. 1 878-80 [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 1 8] ; Llanychaearn was bound to the upkeep ofLlanbadarn-fawr church [ 1992 G. Morgan: 1 8] . Llety -(SN 569-735)[1lety] ; Laine Herbert als. Letty yr Oen ? 1 682 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lletty OS 1 834, Lletty 1 83 5PR Llanddeinoel, Lletty OS 1 89 1 , (c) Bane y Llety 1 92 1 map M.Jones Llety-gegin -(SN 5 68-767)[llety + yr + cegin] ; Lletty'r Gegin 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Llettyrgegin 1 809PR Aberystwyth, Lletty Cegin OOS 1 82 1 , Llettygegin 1 822PR Llanddewi Aberarth, Lletty-cegin OS 1 834, Lletty'rgegin 1 840TMS, Lletty-cegin OS 1 89 1 , Lletty'r-gegin OS 1 904, Llety Gegin OS 1 982 As llety is often found with animal, and especially bird names, e.g. Llety'ifran, Llety-fivyalchen, Llety­ gog, Llety-grugiar, Llety-wennol, it seems most likely that the meaning of cegin here is the older name of the jay' (L. Garrulus glandarius) now usually known in Welsh as sgrech-y-coed. The word cegin otherwise usually means 'kitchen', but there was also another word, OW. cecin, which seemingly meant 'ridge', and is suspected as the meaning in the tns. Carnau-cegin (SN 67-23, Bethlehem, Carms.) [GPC s.v. cegin3 ], and F.fynnon Gegin Arthur, the source of the hn. Cegin (Caems .) [ 1938 R. J. Thomas: 201-02] . Llwyncelyn -(SN 583-745)[llwyn + celyn] ; Llwyn-celyn OS 1 891 Llwyngwyn -(SN 576-755)[llwyn + gwyn] ; [lojn'gwm + g lasvrm E. Williams] inf Llysawen -(SN 567-747)[llys + awen]; [li·s'awen E. Williams] Llys Awen OS1 982 Meini -(SN 5 60-73 5)[meini]; [mejni, pn. ctJe:mZJ'mejni E. Williams] Meini'r Bwch 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Meini 1 8 1 9PR Llanychaearn, Meini OS1 834, Meiny, Meine 1 840TMS, Meini OS 1 89 1 , Y Meini OS 1 982 There were two standing stones standing about a yard from each other, one 1 1 ft high, with many more stones lying about them, w of the main road. They were broken about 1 830 for building and fencing purposes [ 1 982 CER: 9.266). Their site was at SN 559-734, M Jones [ 1 921map] noted: "Druidic monuments, called cromlechs (sic) or 'meini hirion' three in number, were seen in this vicinity about the year 1 858. ", " . . . they have been destroyed except part of one which remains as a gate-post in a field on another farm. " ; cf. Corn-y-bwch (52-a). Melin Abermaed -(SN 597-763) [melin + tn. Abermaed (54-a)] ;

777

(52) MYFENYDD Abermade Mil1 1 650rent, Abermaide .Mill 1 777 Cymerau MSS, Abermaid Mill 1 779PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Aberm. d Mill 1 821PR Llanychaearn, Y Felin OS 1 82 1 , Abermaid Mill 1 823PR Llanychaearn, Felin OS 1 834, Abermaide Mill 1 837PR Llanilar, Abermaide Mil1 1 840TMS, Mill OS 1 891 , Y Felin OS 1 982 Morfa-bychan -(SN 565-77 1 )[morfa (+ bychan)] ; [m:lrva E. Williams] Morva bichan 1 202( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfflur, Y Morva bychan >1 246( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur, Morva bichan >1282( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Morva bavian 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl p.272, Morvabychan c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.43, o'r Morva bychan, o Worfa c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 6, Morva bychan 1 688 Cilgwyn I MSS, Murva buchan 1 776map MMackenzie, Morfa 1 803map J. Singer, Morva 1 808 Cymerau MSS, Morfa OOS 1 821 , Morfa OS 1 834, Morfa bychan OS1 89 1 New Inn -(SN 576-753)[£. new + inn] ; [niW'm E. Williams] New Inn OS 1 834, New Inn OS 1 891 , New Inn Farm OS 1 904 New Row -(SN 576-756)[£. new + row]; [mw'ro:, six houses, vr:ln,de:g 'vrla name of two of the houses E. Williams] inf Existent [OS 1 891]. Pantrallad -(SN 562-750)[pant + yr + afrllad ? ] ; [pant'ralad E. Williams] Pant)rrallad 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Pantyrallad 1 8 14PR Llanychaearn, Pantrallad 1 820PR Llanddeinoel, Pant yr Allad OOS 1 82 1 , Pant yr Afrllad 1 825PR Llanychaearn, Pant-yr-allfad OS 1 834, Pantyrallad, Pantrallad 1 840TMS, Pant-yr-allad OS 1 89 1 , Pant-yr-anllad 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7, Pantrallad inf E. Evans This may be afrllad(en) 'the host (i. e. a wafer-thin cake)', as suggested by the form of 1 825, such an ecclesiastical term may be connected to the monastic influence of nearby Mynachdy (51-a). A derivation from the adj ective anllad 'wanton' is also feasible, this etymology has been taken to refer to pirates and smugglers who used this secluded shoreline for their nefarious purposes [1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7] . Pantamlwg -(SN 571 -763)[pant + anamlwg]; Pantanamlwg 1 8 1 8PR LlanddeinoeL Pant yn Amlwg OOS 1 82 1 , Pantynamlwg 1 826PR Llanychaearn, Pantynamlwg 1 83 3PR Llanilar, Pantanamlwg 1 833PR Llanychaearn, Pant-amlwg OS 1 834 Pantgwyn -(SN 582-769)[pant + gwyn] ; [pant'gwm E. Williams] Pantgwyn Villa OS 1 982 Pare -(SN (i)576-754)[parc] ; [park'k:lted3 (i), j:lp'd3egkmz (ii) E. Williams] Parcmawr 1 81 4PR Llanychaearn, Pare OOS 1 82 1 , Park 1 829PR Llanychaearn, Parkmawr 1 840TMS, Pare OS 1 89 1 , PO (ii) O S 1 982, The Park (ii) (sign) i) SN 576-754. 1 891 . ii) SN 576-574. 1 982. This formed a kernel of the village of Blaenplwyfiii) (52-a), which seems to have originally been named Pentre-parc. Penrallt -(SN 5 89-750)[pen + yr + alit]; [pe'raH E. Williams] Penyrallt 1 760CF, Penrallt 1 806PR Llanychaearn, Penyrallt 1 821 PR Llanychaearn, Pen yr Allt OOS 1 821 , Pen-'r-allt OS 1 834 Penbont -(SN 584-787)[pen + y + pont] ; Penybont 1 8 1 1 PR Llanychaearn, Bridge End 1 8 1 8PR Llanychaearn, Penybont 1 820PR Llanychaearn, Pen y Bont 1 840TMS Penbwlch -(SN 580-788)[pen + y + bwlch]; [pem'bulx; E. James] Pen y Bwlch 1 760CF, Pen y Bwlch OOS 1 82 1 , Penbwlch 1 840TMS, Pen-y-bwlch O S1 891 Pengraig -(SN 574-78 1 )[pen + y + craig]; Pen y Graig 1 760CF, Penygraig 1 807PR Llanychaearn, Pen y Graig OOS 1 82 1 , Pengraig 1 840TMS, Pen­ y-graig OS 1 891 Penrbiw Cnwc-y-fran -(SN 584-761 )[pen + y + rhiw + tn. Cnwc-y-fran (52 b )]; [pen'riW knuk�'vra:n E. Williams] Pen-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Penrhiwgaled -(SN 578-760)[pen + y + rhiw + tn. [Ffosrhyd]galed (52-a)] ; Penrhywgaled 1 81 6PR Llanychaearn, Penrhiw Ffosgaled 1 83 8PR Llanychaearn, Penrhiwgaled 1 840TMS, Pen-rhiw-galed OS 1 89 1 Penrbiwgoch -(SN 5 77-775) [pen + y + rhiw + coch]; Penrhywgoch 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Pen-rhiw-goch OS 1 834, Pen-rhiw-goch OS 1 891 -

778

(52) MYFENYDD Pentre -(SN 567-753)[pentref] ; [pentre E.

Williams,

pentre'farm

T. Morgan, E. James]

Pentre 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343, Pentre 1 8 1 3PR Llanychaearn, Pentre 1 8 1 8sur map, Pentref OOS 1 82 1 , Pentref O S 1 89 1 , Pentre 1 8401MS, Pentref OS 1 89 1

Perthrys -(SN 566-740) [perth + pn.

Rhys] ;

[ber8'ri:s T.

Morgan]

o Berth Rys c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 6, Tythyn Perth Rees ycha 1 6 1 5 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tir Perth Rees ycha 1 6 8 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Perth Rees 1 76 0CF, Berthrees OOS 1 82 1 , Berthrys 1 826PR Llanychaearn, Perthrees

1 80 5PR Llanychaearn, Berth Rhys

1 83 7PR LlanddeinoeL Berthrhys, Berthrees

1 840TMS, ym Mherth Rhys 1 869 B. Williams p . 1 63 , Berth-rhys OS 1 89 1 , Perthrhys 1 9 1 1 J. C. Davies p. 1 24 The field (c271 )

Pontllolwyn

Cae 'r Hendai (SN 565-744) [192 l map M. Jones} may betray the location of Perthrys-ucha. [i,b;mt'blun D. Evans]

-(SN 5 90-773) [pont + hn. Llolwyn] ;

Pont Llolwyn 1 86 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glanllolwyn (prox. )

1 877PR Llanbadarn-fawr, ym Mhont

Llolwn 1 9 1 6 in 1 980 Rh.Hincks p.23, Pont Llolwyn O S 1 891

Rhos-fawr -(SN

572-753) [rhos + mawr] ;

[hro·s'vowr E .

Williams]

Rhos fawr 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343 , Tyn y Rhos 1 803map J. Singer, Rhos fawr 1 807PR Llanychaearn, Rhos­ fawr 1 8 1 8sur map, Rhos fawr O OS 1 82 1 , Rhosfawr 1 840TMS, Rhos-fawr O S 1 891 Rhyd-y-gwin -(SN 5 84-767)[rhyd + y + gwin] ;

[hri·dd,gwi:n E.

Williams]

Rhydygwin 1 807PR Llanychaearn, Rhydygw)rn 1 8 1 9PR Llanychaearn, Rhydd y Gwyn OOS 1 82 1 , Rhyd­ y-gwin OS 1 834, Rhydygwin 1 837PR Llangwrddon, Rhyd-y-gwin OS 1 89 1

Rhyd-y-gwin (25-a). Rhyd-y-gwin-fach -(SN 5 84-767)[rhyd + y + gwin (+ bach)] ; [hri·dd,gwi:n'va:x, E. Cf

Williams ]

in£ Existent [OS 1 89 1 ] .

Royal Oak -(SN

5 89-775) [E. royal + oak] ;

Royal Oak (P. H.) OS 1 89 1

SIANSRI

-(SN 580-766)[E.tn. Chancery Lane

(London)] ; [fansri

T . Morgan,

dsk:>l1ansri

E . James,

tJansri

E.

Williams] Chancery Lane 1 750--5 1 in 1 946 T.Beynon p . 1 63, Chancery 1 775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Chancery 1 803map J. Singer, Chancery 1 805PR Llanychaearn, Chansery 1 8 1 4PR Llanddeinoel, Chencera 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 3 99, Chancery OOS 1 82 1 , Chancery OS 1 834, Chancery 1 840TMS, Chancery OS 1 89 1

( 1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 2. 164], which was one o f Griffith Jones's circulating schools of ( 1991 Ddolen: 1 38] . The explanation of Siansri by B. G. Charles [1992: 500] emphasises the 1 753 form Spite Chancery, an alias of Cwrt-y-cwm (52-a), . . . which probably arose following some litigation in the Chancery Court. " However the form Chancery Lane of 1 750-5 1 seems to oppose this interpretation, and may well be indicative that Spite Chancery is to be understood as the Sbeit of Siansri - in opposition to Sbeit (51 -a) some 5km to the s. Other explanations of the name are that it was named thus by a barrister 'some years since': "from the fact that the village is easy to get into, but very difficult to get out of " [ 1 886 Red Dragon: 1 0. 80], formerly a steep-sided ford which was difficult to negociate which prompted a barrister to call it Chancery [1 984 w. J. Lewis : 2] . The Welsh name Rhydgaled A

schoolhouse here

the eighteenth century

"

appears to have been the original name of this place, however, I believe it has long passed out of local usage, the recent roadsigns carrying this name having simply extracted the name Rhydgaled from nearby

Ffosrhydgaled (52-a) . Sied -(SN 5 9 1 -75 8)(sied]; [fed, pns. w.dJed, w�lterJed, now tan'k;,jd (c) Sheepshed Plantation (SN 5 96-758) O S 1 891 The quarters of the servants of Tangraig (52-a) [inf. E. Williams]. Soar -(SN 5 8 1 -767)[Bibl.tn. Zoar]; [ so·ar E. Williams]

E. Williams, f pn.

p�liJed R

Jones]

in£

Tanbanc

-(SN 584-747) [tan + y + bane] ;

(tan'bagk E.

James]

Tan-'r allt (sic) OS 1 834, Tan-y-banc 08 1 891

Tanbwlch

-(SN 580- 793)[tan + y + bwlch];

Savan y Ky 1 202( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur, Savyn y Ky >1 246( 1 33 6) cart. Ystradfflur, Sanen Eky >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Bwlch Sabhn y Ci c. 1 600 S.D.Rhys p . l 3 8 , Tythyn Bwlch Savan y Ki 1 6 1 0/1 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tythyn Bwlch Savan y Kie 1 6 1 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tythyin Bwlch Safan y Ki 1 665/66 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Bwlch Hafan y Ku 1 7 1 3 in 1 902 G.E.Evans p. l 05, Bwlch Hafan y Ci 1 73 3 in

779

(52) MYFENYDD 1 9 1 0 CAST vol. 1 p. 26, Tanybwlch 1 757 Crosswood MS S, Tan y Bwlch 1 760CF, Tan y Bwlch OOS 1 82 1 , Tanybwlch 1 828PR Llanychaeam, Tan-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 , Tan Bwlch 1 924 WGaz. 0 1/05/24, Tanbwlch 1 93 5 D . J.Evans p. l 3 1 , Tanybwlch Cottages (prox.) 1 936 John Francis MS S vol. 2 p. 1 01 , Isolation Hospital O Sc. 1 95 0 This place-name was explained in the sixteenth century a s named after the hound of the giant

Gawr

(see sub

Castell, 52-b),

Comipyn

he rode away with such haste that he tore the head of the hound off its

body. However this type of name recurs in other places, viz. Bwlch Safnci (33-b); Bwlch Sa.fn-yr-ast (76-b); Bwlch Safn-yr-ast � Bwlch Llafn-yr-ast (Llanymawddwy, Mers.) [1988 J C Grooms: 70] . From the sea the castle of Castell (52-b) has the appearance of the snout of a dog. Tancastell -(SN 587-788) {tan + y + castell] ; .

.

Dan y Castell c. l 75 7 L.Morris p. 1 23 , Tan y Castell 1 794PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tan y Castell 1 8 1 8sur map, Tan y Castell OOS 1 82 1 , Tan y Castell OS 1 834, Tan-y-castell OS 1 891 Refers to

Tancastell-bach

Castell (52-b).

-(SN 5 8 5-792)[tan + y + castell (+ bach)] ;

Tan Castell bach 1 825PR Llanychaearn, Tanycastell bach 1 840TMS, Tan-y-castell-bach OS 1 89 1

Tancwarel-fawr -(SN 584-746) [tan + y + cwarel (+ mawr)] ; [tan,kwaler, tan,kwaler'vowr E.

Williams]

Tan y Cwarrel 1 803map J. S inger, Tanycwarel 1 8 1 0PR Llanychaearn, Tan y Chwarel OOS 1 82 1 , Tan y Cwarel 1 840TMS , Tanycwarrel 1 843TMS Llanilar, Tan-y-cwarel OS 1 89 1 , Tancwarel O S 1 982

Tancwarel-fach -(SN 584-748) [tan + y + cwarel (+ bach)] ; [tan,kwaler'va:z E.

James, E . Williams]

Tancwarel-bach 1 848PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tan-y-cwarel-bach OS 1 89 1 , Tancwarel fach 1 986 Ddolen n. 8 3

Tanfoei -(SN 5 84-748)[tan + y + moel] ; [tan'v:>jl E.

Williams]

Tan y Foel (sic loc.) OS 1 82 1 , Tan-y-foel O S 1 982

Tangarreg -(SN 572-768)[tan + y + carreg] ; Talygarreg 1 808 Cymerau MSS, Tanygarreg 1 8 1 9PR Llanychaearn, Tan y Garreg OOS 1 82 1 , Tan-y­ garreg O S 1 834, Tan-garreg 1 83 7PR Llanychaeam,

Tangraig -(SN 590-757) [tan + y + craig] ; [tau'grajg

(c) Cae Tangareg (prox.)

1 840TMS

E. Williams]

Tan y Graig 1 760CF, Tanygraig 1 805PR Llanychaearn, Tan y Graig OOS 1 82 1 , Tan-y-graig O S 1 891

Tegfan -(SN 577-756)[teg + man]; [ti,hsa,blau'kum when young,

now tegvan E. Williams]

Tegfan (sign) The woman named Lisa Blaencwm had been brought up in Blaencwmdu (51-a), hence her name. Trefedlin -(SN 5 80750) [tref + edlin] ; [tre'vedlm E. Williams] Treuedin ?? 1 28 0Ext. p. 1 1 6, Trevedlyn 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Trefedlin 1 764 Nanteos

fpl.344,

Trefedlyn 1 8 1 1 PR Llanychaearn, Trefedlin 1 8 1 8sur map, Trefedlyn OOS 1 82 1 , Tref-edlyn O S 1 834, Trefedlin 1 840TMS, Tref-edlin O S 1 89 1 , Trefedlin OS 1 904, Trefelin 1 97 5 R Phillips p. 268

edlin(g) 'king's heir' (� Troed-y-foel -(SN 5 84-75 l ) [troed + y + moel] ; This appears to be the word as

OE.

cepeling).

TroedYfoel l 8 1 9PR Llanychaearn, Troed y Foel (sic loc.) OOS 1 821 , Troed-y-foel O S 1 834, Troed y Foel 1 834PR Llanychaeam, Troed-y-foel O S 1 89 1

Ty'rardd - ( S N 598-763) [tY + y r + gardd] ; [ti·'rar� R

Jones]

Mill Cottage inf.

Ty-bach-yr-allt -(SN 592-753) [tY + bach + yr + alit]; [ti,ba:z�'ralt E.

Williams]

Ty-)'r Allt 1 820PR Llanychaearn, Ty'rallt 1 823PR Llanychaearn, Ty'n y Rallt 1 825PR Llanychaeam, Tan­ 'r-allt O S 1 834, Ty'n'r Allt 1 83 7PR Llanychaearn, Tanyrallt 1 840TMS, Tynrallt 1 872PR Llanbadam-fawr, Ty-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 Judging by the forms collected this name varied between

Tflrallt and Tynrallt,

note also the insertion o f

bach i n the spoken form. Ty-hen -(SN 569-777)[tY + hen] ; Ty-hen O S 1 834, Ty-hen 1 83 0PR Llanychaeam

Ty-newydd -(SN 5 83 -753 )[tY + newydd] ; [ti'new1�

E. Williams ]

Ty-newydd 1 8 1 6PR L1anddeinoel, T y newydd 1 83 3PR Llanychaeam, Ty-newydd O S 1 891 Two houses

Tynffordd

[inf. E. Williams).

-(SN 567-746)[tyddyn + y + ffordd];

[tm'f:>r�,

Morgan]

780

now

bereri·s'vrla

E. Williams,

berS,ri:s'vda

T.

(52) MYFENYDD T9TI-y-ffordd 1 8 1 5PR Llanddeinoel, Tan y Fford OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn:ffordd 1 823PR Llanychaearn, Tan-y­ ffordd O S 1 8 3 4, Tanyffordd 1 840TMS, Ty'n-y-ffordd O S 1 89 1 , Berthrhys Villa O S 1 982

Tynfron

- (SN 573-769) [tyddyn + y + bron] ;

[tm'vr:m E.

Williams]

Tyn y Fron 1 789 Cymerau MSS, Tynyfron Llanychaiarn 1 802PR Llanbadam-fawr, Ty'nYfron 1 809PR Llanychaearn,

Tyn y Fron OOS 1 82 1 ,

Tyn-y-fron O S 1 834,

(c)

Cae Tyddyn y Fron 1 840TMS,

Tynyfronnidd (coli) als. Tynyfron 1 84 1 Cymerau MS S, Ty'n-y-fron OS 1 904, Tynfron OS 1 982

Tyngwndwn

-(SN 579-778)[tyddyn + y + gwndwn] ;

[tm'gnndun E.

Williams]

Tay yn y Gwndwn 1 73 3 in NLW MS ex. 986b p. 3 , Ty'nygwndwn 1 807PR Llanychaearn, Tyn y Gwndon OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn-y-gwndwn OS 1 834, Tyngwndwn 1 834PR Llanychaearn, Ty'n-y-gwndwn OS 1 891

Tyngwndwn-fach -(SN 579-778) [tyddyn + y + gwndwn (+ bach)] ; Ty'n-y-gwndwn-rach O S 1 891

Ynys -(SN 569-738) [ynys] ; [� 'r�ms E.

Williams]

Ynys 1 8 1 1 PR Llanychaeam, Ynys OOS 1 82 1 , Ynys Tan-yffordd 1 822PR Llanddeinoel, Ynys O S 1 834, Ynys O S 1 89 1

Ysgol Llanfarian

- (SN 587-774)[ysgol + tn. Llanfarian (64-a)] ;

Llanfarian C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS 1 982

geonyms Alltfaed -(SN 545-754)[allt + hn.

Maed] ;

[alt'va:d E. Williams, R

Jones]

Alit Faide OS 1 89 1 , Alit Fad OS 1 904

Allt-y-gorden -(SN 5 9 1 -769) [allt + y + corden] ; Allt y Gorddyn O S 1 891 , Alit y Gorden O S 1 904

Alltwen -(SN 576-792)[allt + gwen] ; Alwen > 1282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tythyn yr Allt Wen 1 6 1 0/1 1 Cwrt-rnawr MSS, Tyddyn yr Alltwen als. Allwen 1 73 1 W. J.Hemp MSS p. 46, Yr Allwen 1 748 L.Morris, Yr Alit Wen OOS 1 821 , Alit Wen OS 1 89 1 , Craig-yr-alltwen c. 1 90 0 WGaz. in E. A. Lewis MSS parc.4, Craig yr Alltwen 1 9 1 0 David Samuel NLW MS 28 1 2-D (i) p . 3 1 Banc-y-gaer -(SN 567-745) [banc + y + caer]; Bane y Gaer 1 840TMS in 1 994 J.L. Davies & A.H.A. Hogg p.255, Bane y Gar 1 92 l map M.Jones,

(c) Cae

Dan Gar (Siansri area) 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 7, Settlement O S 1 982

Castell -(SN 584-790) [ castell] ;

Castello Ricardi De La Mare ? s.a. l 1 3 6(c. l 286) Ann Camb. (B) p. 40, Castell Rikert Dylarnar ? s . a. 1 1 3 6( 1 3 00%) BT(RBH TJ) p. l 1 4, Castell Richart De

La

Mar ? s. a. l 1 3 6( c. 1 475) BS p. 1 44, Castro

Aberescud c. 1 1 94 Gir.DK p. 1 75, Castelli Cornippin c. 1 600 S.D. Rhys p. 1 3 6, Llanachian Castle 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Llanchaiarn Castle 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p . 4 1 , Castell OOS 1 82 1 , Llanychaiarn Castle 'stood on' Tan-y-castell Hill 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p . l 64, Camp (remains of ) OS 1 89 1 , Castell 0Sc. l 950 This castle was first built by the Anglo-French conquerors " gyuerbyn a Llanbadarn yn ymyl yr afon a elwir Ystwyth" [s.a.

1 1 1 0(1300%) BT(RBH TJ): 72] .

It may well be the castle of Richard de la Mare mentioned

123 ] . Comippin Gawr [c. l 600 s. D. Rhys: 1 36] ; c£ A berystwyth (65-a).

in the Welsh Bruts, as was conjectured by L. Morris [> 1 765a: giant

Cnwc-y-fran

This was the abode of the legendary

-(SN 586-763 )[cnwc + y + bran] ;

Tythyn Kryg y Vran 1 643 Cwrt-rnawr MS S , Tythin Krigg y Vran 1 662 Cwrt-rnawr MSS, Cnwc y Fran 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 345, See Penrhiw

Coed Bontsych

(c7) Crwe y Fran 1 8 1 8sur map Cnwc-y-fnin (52-a).

-(SN 596-761 )[coed + tn. Bontsych] ;

Bont-sych Wood O S 1 89 l , Coed Bont-sych O S 1 904

Coed-y-brain

-(SN 597-766)[ coed + y + brain] ;

[k�jd�'brajn R.

Coed y Brain O S 1 8 9 1

Coed Cae-fron - ( S N 578-763 )[ coed + tn.

Cae-fron] ;

Coed Cae-fron O S 1 904

Crugynhenffordd

-(SN 568-754) [ crugyn + hen + ffordd];

781

Jones]

(52) MYFENYDD Crigin Here:ffordd 1 693 E.Lhuyd in 1 848 AC vol.3 p.246, Creegin Henffordd 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343, Crygin Henffordd {added} 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 343, Y Gaer fawr 1 803map J. Singer, (c22) Creegin Henffordd 1 8 1 8sur map This is likelier to refer to an earlier course road between Aberystwyth and Llanrhystud than to the town of Hen.ffordd (E. Hereford). Gorsrudd -(SN 572-739)[y + cors + rhudd]; Glangors Rydh (prox.) 1 699 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 56, 'bog' Gors y Rhfidd 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 3 3 8, Rhos-rhydd OS1 89 1 , Rhos-r)rdd OS 1 904, Rhos R)rydd 0Sc. 1 950, Rhos Rudd 1 975 R Phillips p.267 See Glanrhos (52-a). Pont Tancastell -(SN 589-788) [pont + tn. Tancastell (52-a)] ; The Ystwyth Bridge 1 872 in 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 3 3 7, Pont Tanycastell l 978 CER vol. 8 p. 337 b. l 872, preceded by a wooden bridge [ 1 978 CER: 8.337] . Rhiwgam -(SN 562-73 5)[rhiw + cam] ; Rhiw Gam 1 921map M.Jones

782

(53) MYFENYDD LLANGWRDDON Aberdeuddwr -(SN 598-707)[aber + dau + dWI-]; [aber'dej()ur D. M Jones, D. Rees] Aberddeuddwr 1 691 Castlehill MSS, Aberddeyddwr 1 697/98 Hendrefelen MSS, Aberdoydwr 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Aberddauddwr 1 775 Castlehill MSS, Aber Ddau Ddwr 1 8 13PR Llangwrddon, Aber Ddau Ddwr 1 8 1 6PR Llangwrddon, Aberdauddwr 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Aberdeuddwr 1 975 R.Phillips p.25 Abernac -(SN 632-71 2) [aber + ? ] ; [ab�r'nak E. Evans, abar'nak R Jones] Abernack 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Abemac OS 1 82 1 , Abemac OS 1 834, Abemack 1 843TMS Lledrod, Abernac OS 1 89 1 Afallon -(SN 591 -7 1 1 ) [tn. Mallon] ; Mallon OS 1 982 Argoed -(SN 609-709) [ar- + coed] ; [arg;,d T. Morgan, D. Rees] Argoed 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS, Argoed 1 813PR Llangwrddon, Argoed OOS 1 82 1 , Argoed OS 1 834, Argoed OS 1 89 1 , Yr Ardd Goed (sic) >1 922 in 1 975 R.Phillips p. 1 2 1 For the popular etymology yr ardd goed, cf. Gargoed (58-a). Bane Penglanywain -(SN 6 1 9-696)[banc + tn. Penglanywain (53-a)] ; [baiJk D. M Jones] Banc-Pen-glan-owen OS 1 89 1 , a'r Bane 1 975 R. Phillips p. 29 Bethel -(SN 606-686)[Bibl.tn. Bethel]; [beOel E. Evans, J. A Hopkins, T. Morgan, kapel'be·Oel D. M. Jones] Bethel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 53 1 , Bethel Chap. OS 1 89 1 , BetheL Pentre Mynydd c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 276, Capel Bethel O S 1 904, Eglwys Bethel y Mynydd 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p.25 b. 1 808 as a school ( 1 851Rel cens . : 531; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 3 1 ] ; b. 1 83 4 as a chapel [ 1 979 Ddolen: 1 1 ; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 3 1 ] ; denom. CM. Blaenbeidog -(SN 6 1 1 -683)[blaen + hn. Beidog]; [bla:n'bijd;,g T. Morgan, bla:n'bejd;,g D. M Jones] Blaenbridog 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS p.295, Blaenbeydog 1 723 M.Richardson MSS p.296, Blaen Bedog 1 8 1 7PR Llangwrddon, Blaen-beidog OS1 891 Blaencomins -(SN 599-696)[blaen + y + comins]; [k;,mms T. Morgan] Blaen y Cwmins 1 8 1 4PR Llangwrddon, Cwmins 1 81 7PR Llangwrddon, Pengelly Commins 1 843TMS, Blaen-commins OS 1 89 1 , Commins O S 1982 Cf Pencomins (53-a). Blaenhafren -(SN 607-682) [tn. Blaenhafren] ; Blaenhafren 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Blaenhafren 1 843TMS This is a transferred name, the original Blaenhajren in Montgomeryshire was the name given to the uppermost headwaters of the river Hajren (E. Severn) . Its occurrence in Llangwrddon may reflect a Montgomeryshire influence, cf. Treweithan (53-a) some 250m to the N. For the etymology of Hajren, see 193 8 R J. Thomas pp. 1 1 5-1 7; 1 945 I. Williams p. 53; 1 979 PNRB pp.450-5 1 . Blaenwaun(i) -(SN 596-693)(Nantcwta)[blaen + y + waun] ; Blaen y Waine 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Blaen y Waun 1 843TMS, Blaen-y-waen OS 1 891 , Blaen-waun OS 1 904 Blaen-y-waun(ii) -(SN 6 1 7-690)(Pantrala)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Blaen y Waun 1 843 TMS Blaenwyre-ucha -(SN 62 1 -694)(blaen + hn. Wyre (+ uchat)]; [bla:n,wtre'va:x E. Evans, blan,wrre'�za D. M Jones] Blaen-wyrai 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Blaenwyrai ucha 1 843TMS, Blaenwyrau ucha 1 843TMS Lledrod (SN 632-694, sic loc.?), Blaen-wyre-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , (coli.) yw'r ddwy Blaenwyre 1 975 RPhillips p. 29, Blaenwyre fach 1 948 list R.Jones, Blaenwyre-fach 1 990 E. Jones p. 1 1 3 Cf Blaenwyre-isa (55-a). Bongam -(SN c. 623-71 3)[bongam] ; [b;,IJgam, dr;)�'b;,IJgam D. Rees] Lletty Bongam 1 691 Castlehill MSS, (c312) Bongam, (c222) Cae Bongam + Perth y Piod 1 843TMS, Bongam 1 975 R Phillips p.39 On Gorslas (53-a) land [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 39 ] . The adjective may either: I) describe the llety; or 2) be the name of a person: Y Bongam [ 1985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 55 ] ; Gwenll. Bongham (Myfenydd) [ 1 302-03rent: 9b-10] ; cf. Bongam (5-a). Brynamlwg -(SN 608-68 l )[bryn + amlwg] ; [brm'amlug T. Morgan, D. M Jones] 783

(53) MYFENYDD Brynamlwg 1 83 7PR L1angwrddon, Bryn-amlwg O S 1 891

Brynbeidog -(SN 60 1 -697)[bryn + hn. Beidog]; [brm'bijd�g

T. Morgan]

Bryn-beidog OS 1 89 1

BrynciWD - ( S N 603-686) [bryn + crwn] ; Bryncrwn 1 843 TMS Inexistent [OS 1 89 1 ] .

Bryngwartheg -(SN 609-682)[bryn + y + gwartheg] ; [bri1J'gwar8eg

T. Morgan]

Bryn Gwartheg 1 83 2PR Llangwrddon, Bryngwartheg 1 843TMS, Bryn OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-y-gwartheg O S 1 904

Brynhwith

-(SN 6 1 0-71 4)[bryn + chwith] ;

[brm'hwi:8 T.

Morgan]

Bryn Whith 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS , Bryn Wyth 1 743 Castlehill MS S, Brinwith 1 749 Castlehill MS S , Bryn y Widd

?

1 760CF, Brynwheeth 1 775 Castlehill MS S, Brinchwith 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Brynwhith

1 803 map J. Singer, Brin-chwith 1 8 1 6PR Llangwrddon, Brynchwith OS 1 82 1 , Brynchwith OS 1 834, Brynwhith 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Bryn-chwith OS 1 89 1

Brynrhosog -(SN c . 604-71 9) [bryn + rhosiog] ; Bryn Rhosiog 1 69 1 Castlehill MS S , Bryn Rhossog 1 69 1 Castlehill MS S ,

(c126)

Cae Bryn Rhossog

1 843 TMS

Bugeildy -(SN 587-7 1 4)[bugeildy]; Bigail Dy 1 8 1 7PR Llanilar, Bugaildy 1 83 6PR Llanilar, Bugail Dy cott. 1 843 TMS

Cae-gwyn

-(SN 602-686)[cae + gwyn] ;

[ka·'gwm

D. M. Jones]

Cae Gwynne 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Pantgwyn 1 843TMS, Pant-yr-\Vyn 1 843 TMS {v. l. 1 97 5 R.Phillips} , Cae-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Castelltalwm

-(SN 604-682)[ castell + talwrn] ;

Talwrn

?

1 826PR Llangwrddon,

(c851 )

Old Ruins 1 843 TMS, Castell Talwrn 1 97 1 R. Phillips p. 3 53 , yn

Gastell Tarwrn 1 986 Llais Aeron n. 95

Troedfoel land (53-a), was the second house built by then landowner Augustus Brackenbury, Greenmeadow (50-a), and before Cofadail (53-a) [1 971 R. Phillips : 353] . The building, which included a

b. 1 826, on after

tower and a protective moat, was soon destroyed by mobs angry at Brackenbury' s purchase of the mountainland from whence they got their living. Its location is shown in a photograph and the present field is called

Cae Pond [1 969 Cymro: 24112/69] .

The field (c853) Cae Castell [1 8391MS], and Tancastell (53-a) (cs854-55) Talwm ucha + issa (SN 601-820) [ 1 8391MS] are remnants of the area called Talwm that gave its name to Castelltalwrn. Cefncoch -(SN 6 1 1 -702)[cefn + coch]; [keven'ko:x D. M. Jones] were named after this place, and the fields

Cefn Coch 1 8 1 3PR L1angwrddon, Cefn-coch O S 1 834, Ce:fu-coch O S 1 89 1

Cefngam-isa -(SN 60 1 -684)[cefn + y + earn (+ isaf)] ; [keveugarn'va:x D. M .

Jones]

Cefn y Gam issa 1 843TMS, Cefn-y-garn-isaf OS 1 89 1

Cefngam-ucha - ( S N 602-685) [cefn + y + earn (+ uchaf)] ; [keveiJgarn'vowr D.

M . Jones]

Cefn y Gam 1 820PR L1angwrddon, Cefn y Gam 1 843TMS, Cefn-y-gam-uchaf OS 1 89 1

Cilcwm -(SN

596-707)[cil + y + cwm] ;

[kdkum D .

Rees]

Kilcwm 1 69 1 Castlehill MS S , Kyl Kwyn 1 743 Castlehill MSS , Cilcwm 1 834PR Llangwrddon, cottage 1 843TMS, Cil-cwm O S 1 89 1 , Cilcwm O S 1 904,

(c) Rhiw

Cil-cwm 1 975 R Phillips p. 3 9,

Y

(c88) Cil­

cwm 1 975 R.Phillips p. 40

Cilfachcwd

-(SN 594-699)[cilfach + y + cwd] ;

[gdvax'g�Id

T. Morgan]

Cilfachcwd 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Cilfach y Cwd 1 8 1 5PR Llangwrddon, Gilfach-y-cwd OS 1 83 4, Gilfach Gwd 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Cilfach-gwd 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Gilfach y Grod 1 843 TMS, Gilfach Cod 1 845 in 1 975 R.Phillips p. l 05, Gilfach-y-coed O S 1 89 1 , Gilfachgoed als. Gilfachgwd 'ar lafar gwlad' 1 958 Lloffion Llangynfelyn n. 1 2 Here c:Wd 'bag, sack' - due to Cnwc -(SN 594-705)[cnwc] ;

its connotations o f 'scrotum' - has been reanalysed as

coed.

Tyddyn y Cnwcc 1 69 1 Castlehill MS S, Tyddyn y Cnwck 1 797/98 Hendrefelen MS S, Tythyn y Knwc 1 743 Castlehill MS S, Cnwck 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Tynycnoock 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MS S, Cnwc 1 83 0PR Llangwrddon, Knwc 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Tyn y Cnwc 1 843TMS,

Y

The hillock from where i t gets its name i s well evidenced on OS 1 982.

Cnwc-y-fran

-(SN 599-720)[ cnwc + y + bran] ;

784

Cnwc 1 975 R.Phillips p . 2 1

(53) MYFENYDD Knwck y Ffraen, Knwcc y Vran, Cnwcc y Vran 1 69 1 Castlehill MS S, Cnwc y Vran 1 743 Castlehill MS S , Knwck y Fraen 1 775 Castlehill MSS, Crohill 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Cnoockyffraen 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MSS , CnwckYfran

1 8 1 7PR Llangwrddon,

Cnwc y Fran OS 1 82 1 ,

Owen Fraen 1 822 Castlehill MSS ,

Cnwckyfran 1 83 0PR Llanilar, Cnwc y Fran OS 1 834, Cnwck y Frane 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Cnwc y Fran 1 843 TMS , Cnwc-y-fron OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc-y-fran O S 1 904

Cofadail -(SN 602-676)[cofadail] ; [kov'adel Cofadial

1 834PR Llangwrddon,

J. A. Hopkins, D. M. Jones]

Cofadael 1 837PR Llangwrddon, Cofadael 1 838PR Llangwrddon,

Cofadail 1 843 TMS, Cof-adail O S 1 89 1 , Cofadail Heddwch 1 97 1 R Phillips p. 3 83 , yn Gofadail Heddwch 1 975 R.Phillips p. 220

[ 1975 R. Phillips: 220] ; This was the third house - following Greenmeadow (50-a) and Castelltalwrn (53-a) built by Augustus Brackenbury after suffering much trouble from the neighbourhood. The word cofadail 'monument, memorial, tomb' (lit. 'memory edifice') is a Welsh neologism. The full name Cofadailheddwch 'peace monument', or 'peace memorial', was probably bestowed by the landowner b. 1 82 8

-

Augustus Brackenbury, either ironically, or, in hope of peace, after the troubles he suffered during the popular disturbances named after him in popular memory Rhyfel y Sais Bach 'the little Englishman's war' .

Cruclas

-(SN 600-684)[crug + glas];

[knklas D. M

Jones]

Cricklas 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Crigglas 1 83 0PR Llanilar, Criglas 1 83 9TMS Llanrhystud, Cryglas 1 843TMS, Cruglas O S 1 89 1 , a'r Cruclas 1 975 R Phillips p .228

Delfryn

-(SN 593 -698)[del + bryn] ; Delfryn OS 1 982

Esgairddu-fach -(SN

6 1 0-690)[esgair + du (+ bach)];

[esker'6i:

T. Morgan, D.

M

Jones]

Esgerdu bach 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Esgir Ddu fach 1 843TMS, Esgir Ddu fach 1 843TMS Llanilar, Esgair-ddu O S 1 89 1 S e e Esgairddu-fach

(55-a). Ffrwd-fach -(SN 606-682)[ffrwd + bach] ; [frod'va:z D. M

Jones]

Ffrwd fach 1 836PR Llangwrddon, Ffrwd fach 1 84 3 TMS This may have been named after Ffrwd-fach

Ffynnonwen

(49-a) rather than being an independent name.

-(SN 590-7 1 0) [ffYnnon + gwen] ;

Ffynnon Wen

1 691

Castlehill MS S ,

Ffynon Wen 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Ffynnon-wen

1 829PR

Llangwrddon, Ffynnon-wen OS 1 834, Ffynon Wen 1 843 TMS, Ffynnon-wen OS 1 89 1

Ficrej

-(SN 595-709)[E. vicarage] ;

[iVIkred3, vikred3,iau'gor6�n D.

Rees]

Vicarage OS 1 982 b. c. 1 894 [ 1 975 R. Phillips : 1 17] . Fronrudd - (SN 608-683)[y + bron + rhudd] ; [br�n'ri:6 D.

M. Jones]

Fron Rydd 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Brynrhyo 1 8 1 4PR Lledrod, Brynrhyo 1 829PR Lledrod, Fron-rydd 1 83 1 PR Llangwrddon, Bronrhydd 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Bron Rhyd, Bronyrhyo 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Bronyrhydd 1 843TMS, Bron-rhydd OS 1 89 1

Garth-fawr - (SN 635-71 8) [garth + mawr] ; [gar8'vowr E.

Evans]

Garthe vawre, Garth vawr 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS , Garth vawr 1 78 1 sur map, Garth fawr OS 1 821 , Garth­ fawr O S 1 834, Garth-fawr O S 1 891 This name refers to Gaer-fawr (55-a); cf. Garth-fach (54-a). Gelli -(SN 627-71 3 ) [y + celli] ; Gelli Gorden ycha + issa 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS , Gelly Gordon ycha + yssa 1 743 Castlehill MSS , 'Gelligoeden' 1 798 in 1 976 A.E.Davies p. 1 37, Gelli OS 1 82 1 , Gelly 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Gelly

(c3 1 8) Dol y Gelly 1 843TMS, Y Gelli 1 975 R Phillips p.2 1 The second element appears to stand for corden 'string', though it could carden, cf. Cardenni (54-a), 2.4km to WNW. Glanaeddwen -(SN 604-670) [glan + tn. Aeddwen] ; [glan'ej6wen D. M Jones]

(c3 1 5)

Bank Gelly,

feasibly be for the rare element

Glan-eiddwen O S 1 89 1

Glangors -(SN

590-70 l ) [glan + y + cors];

[lag'g�rs D .

Rees]

Glanygors 1 8 1 6PR Llangwrddon, Llan Gors O S 1 82 1 , Glan-gorse 1 83 0PR Llangwrddon, Lan'gors O S 1 834, Glan y Gors fawr 1 843 TMS, Glan-gors O S 1 891

Glanllyn -(SN 605-6 7 1 ) [glan + y + llyn] ; [ glan im D. M '

Jones]

Glan-llyn O S 1 89 1 , Glanllyneiddwen inf. E. Evans

785

(53) MYFENYDD Golygfa -(SN 625-71 7)[golygfa] ; Golygfa OS1 982 Gorslas -(SN 6 1 1 -7 1 2)[y + cors + glas] ; Gors Las 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS , Gorselas 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Gorse Lase 1 749 Castlehill MSS, Gorslaes 1 775 Castlehill MS S, Gors Las 1 803map J. Singer, Gors-las 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Gors-las OS1 834, Gorslas, Gorslase 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Gors Las 1 843TMS, Gors-las OS1 891 Ffair Gorslas als. Ffair Barnet Lewis Jones, held at beginning of May [ 1982 Ddolen: 46], the second appellation translates as 'Lewis Jones's Barnet fair', after the famous Barnet Fair in England. According to R Phillips [1975: 22] Lewis Jenkins was the original sponsor of this fair, which never became very successful. Gorslwyd -(SN 609-68 1 )[y + cors + llwyd] ; [g;,rs'lujd D. M. Jones] Gorslwyd 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Gors-lv'Vyd OS 1 89 1 Gwarcaeau -(SN 5 83-71 4)[gwar + y + caeau] ; [g war kije D . Rees] Gwar Caeiau OS1 821 , Gwar y Caiau 1 823PR Llangwrddon, Gwar-caeau OS 1 834, Gwarcaeau 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Gwar-y-caeau 1 83 6PR Llangwrddon, Gwar-caeau OS 1 891 Gwarfelin -(SN 599-698)[gwar + y + melin] ; Gwarfelin 1 822 Castlehill MSS , Gwar y Felin OS 1 834, Gwaryfelin 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Gwarfelin 1 975 R Phillips p. 267 This place is almost 1 km s of the nearest mill, Melin Pontfaen (53-a), which is rather far to have given rise to this name. Gwarffordd -(SN 59 1 -703)[gwar + y + ffordd]; Gwar-ffordd OS 1 891 Gwamant -(SN 608-692)[gwar + y + nant]; [gwar'nant T. Morgan, D. M. Jones] Gwar-nant OS 1 891 Hafodawelon -(SN 5 89-71 3)[hafod + awelon] ; Hafod Awelon OS1 982 b. c. 1 93 0s [inf D. Rees] . Hafodlas-isa -(SN 598-690) [hafo d + glas (+ isaf)]; [hav:>d ,la:s'isa T. Morgan, hav;,d'la:s D. M Jones] Havod Glase 1 803PR Llangwrddon, Hafod Glas isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod 1 824PR Llanilar, Havod 1 83 OPR Llangwrddon, Hafod Glas isaf 0 S l 834, Hafodglas issa 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Havodglas issa 1 843TMS, Hafod-glas-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Hafod-las isa 1 975 RPhillips p.268, Hafod y Clas isaf 1 991 J.E.Davies p. 1 9 Hafodlas-ucha -(SN 601-692)[hafod + glas (+ uchaf)]; [hav�d,la:s'�xa T . Morgan] Hafod Glas uchaf OOS 1 821 , Hafod Glas uchaf OS1 834, Havod-glas-ucha 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Hafodglas ucha 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Hafodglas ucha 1 843TMS, Hafod-glas-uchaf OS 1 891 , Hafod-las ucha 1 975 R.Phillips p.268 Hafod-newydd -(SN 603-683)[hafod (+ newydd)] ; [hav;,d'newi� D. M Jones] Hafodnewydd 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Hafod newydd 1 843 TMS, Hafod-newydd OS 1 891 Henfelin -(SN 6 1 6-707)[hen + rnelin] ; Henfelin 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Henefelin 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Henfelin 1 843TMS, a'r Hen Felin 1 975 RPhillips p. 25 Henffordd -(SN 595-708)[hen + ffordd] ; [henf;,r(') D. Rees] Hen-ffordd OS1 891 , Henffordd OS1 904 The worker' s house (tjl gweithwr) of Pencfog (53-a) [inf D. Rees] . Heulfryn -(SN 590-7 1 1 ) [haul + bryn] ; Heul Fryn O S 1 982 Islwyn -(SN 589-714)[is + llwyn] ; Islwyn OS 1 982 Llain -(SN 605-685) [1lain]; [iajn T. Morgan, D. M. Jones] Llain 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Llain 1 843TMS, Llain OS 1 891 Llainffwlbert -(SN 6 1 6-701 )[llain + y + ffwlbert] ; [iajn'fulb�rt D. M. Jones] Llainfulbert 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Llain y Fwbert 1 843TMS, Llain-ffwlbart OS 1 89 1 , Llain-ffwlbert OS 1 904, Llanffwlbert 1 975 RPhillips p.24 LLANGWRDDON -(SN (ii)596-705)[1lan + y + gweryddon] ; [iag'gur(');,n D. M Jones] '

786

(53) MYFENYDD Llanygorothon 1 564 M.Richardson MS 1 47, Ll. y Gwryoon c. 1 566EPC, Llangorothen 1 5 76 Pengelli MSS,

Llanvchegrothan

1 5 76

in

1 97 1

NLWJ vol. 1 7

p. 1 66,

Llanagruthon

1 580map

C.Saxton,

Llanygrothon 1 5 8 5 Crosswood MS S, Llan y Gwerydden c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.45, Llanygrothon 1 5 90 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llangorothon 1 597/98rent, Llanygorython 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Llangroothon 1 602 Prob. St-David, Llangoidthen 1 6 1 0/1 1

Crosswood MSS , Llan y Gwrwthon 1 6 1 8 Pengelli MSS ,

Llango ethan als . Llangrwthin 1 603-25 T.I . J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 1 1 4, Llanygrowthen 1 63 3 F. Green MSS vol. 25

p. 8,

Llanygrwthen

1 65 0

Crosswood

MS S ,

Llanygrwython

1 665/66

Cwrt-mawr

MSS ,

Llanygrothen 1 668 Crosswood MSS, Llan y Grwyddon 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Llanygrwyddon 1 685 CD, Llan y Grwddon 1 69 1 Mynachdy MS S , Llanygrwdd 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS, Llan y Growthon 1 692 Mynachdy MS S, Llanygrowthon 1 705 Castlehill MSS, Llanygrwydhon 1 72 1 E . Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llanygrooddon 1 725 Abertrinant MSS , Llanygwydhon 1 73 1 NLW MS 793-B p. 8, Llanygrowddon 1 739PR Llanrhystud, Llan y Gweryddon 1 754 L. Morris in 1 902 D .Ll. Thomas p.23, Llanygrwthen 1 759 in 1 902 G.E. Evans p. 1 07, Llan y Gwynfon 1 760map E.Bowen, Llan-y-gwinson 1 765map E.Bowen

al. ,

Lanygrwddon

1 78 5PR

Llangeitho,

Llanygrwyddon

1 79 5

CWSt-David

MS S

vol. 3

et

p. 1 3 3 ,

Llangrwyoon 1 803PR Lledrod, Llangwyryfon 1 803map J. S inger, Llangwryvon 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. l 3 9, Llany Gwryfon 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 3 3 0, Llan y Gwyryddon 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s. v. Llan y Gwyryddon, Llanygryddon

1 8 1 8sur

map,

Llangwyryfon

O S 1 82 1 ,

Llangrwyddon (Llan-y-gwyryfon) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 09/05/74, Llangwyryfon, G. E. Evans

p . 1 07,

Llangwyryfon O S 1 834,

edn)

Church (Vicarage) O S 1 89 1 ,

Llangwyryfon,

St.

Ursula's

Llangwyryvon als.

vol.2 p. 54, Llan Wyryfon 1 874 Goleuad

'popularly pronounced' Llangwrddon

Church

OS 1 904,

i

Langweryddon,

Llangwrddon 1 93 8 R.J. Thomas p. 3 3 , Llangwrddon 'colloquially' 1 975 R Phillips p. 94, (prox.) 1 97 5 R Phillips p. 3 9, o Langwrddon 1 988 T . J. Davies p.22, Llangrwddon

1 902

'colloquially'

(c) Rhiw'r Eglwys 'ffurf leol' 1 992

G.Morgan p. 1 6 i) SN 597-704. In 1 843 church was between Tynllan and Llwynjjmwent [1 8431MS]; cf (c5 1 1 ) Cae Ty Ny Porth (SN 597-704) [18431MS] ; a petition of 1 883 complained of the state of the old church [1 992 G. Morgan: 1 6]. ii) 1 879 S N 596-705. b. 1 879 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 257; 1 979 Ddolen: 1 2; 1 975 R. Phillips: 1 9]; i n 1 8 80, present church was consecrated, the old church stood in the middle of the old cemetery [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 257; 1 979 Ddolen: 1 2]. S. R Meyrick, the author o f the 1 808 The History and Antiquities of Cardiganshire, followed by the early nineteenth century OS cartographers, were responsible for the unhistorical modem form Llangwyryfon for L langwrddon. The original MW. gwyry 'virgin' (MnsW. gwyra), had the plural gweryddon (cf guyri, gueryton [c. 1250 BBC]) - the forms gwyryf(pl. gwyryfon) being later developments, not attested before the late medieval era [GPC s.v. gwyry] ; cf Gwrddon (5-a), Dolau-gwerddon (23-a), Llynferddon (58-b). " Yr ydys yn cadw dydd gwyL er coffadwriaeth, i'r gwyryfon hyny, Hydref 2 1 , ag a elwir Gwyl y Santesau. Ac y mae eglwys yng Ngheredigion a elwir Llan Gwyryfon, a gyfenwid felly ar ei chysegriad er cof am danynt. " [ 1 7 40

T. Evans:

75] . In the time of Macsen Wledig, 1 1 , 000 virgins, intended for the British troops

in Brittany, sank on their way to Brittany

Meyrick : 330].

[1740 T. Evans: 75] ;

they were martyred in Germany

[ 1 808 s. R.

A local sheperd on Mynydd-bach, about 1 83 0, told a 'mixed' and 'shaky' version of the story

[1 903 G. E. Evans: 256] . Saint Ursula of Koln (Germany) was martyred (along with [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 396] . The church was dedicated to Wrsla [ 1992 G. Morgan: 1 6], cf (c361) Lleast Wrla 'pasture' (SN 627-705) [ 18431MS Lledrod] near Llangwrddon parish, seems to stand for Lluestw(r)sla. Ursula, pronounced Wsle, was given as a girl's name in the Llangwrddon area during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries [ 1975 R. Phillip: 95]; see Melinsaint (53-a); Capelsantesau (15a). Llechwedd -(SN 636-7 1 4) [llechwedd] ; [iazwe� E. Evans, R Jones] of the virgins' killing

1 1 ,000 virgins) in the fourth century

Llechwedd O S 1 82 1 , Llechwedd OS 1 834, Llechweo 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Llechwedd O S 1 891

Llety-sinsir -(SN 6 1 1 -704)[11ety + yr + sinsir] ; Lletty Ginsgir 1 828PR Llangwrddon, Lletty Ginger 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Lletty'r Sinsir 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Lletty'r Ginger 1 843TMS, Llety S insir 1 975 R Phillips p. 267 The alternation between demand a spelling

sinsir.

sms1r

and JmJir between the northern and the southern part of Cardiganshire

sunsur [1760 in 1 909 J. H. Davies: 246], [1923 T. H. Parry-Williams: 1 43 ] . [le:st�'k�mruj� (id. ) D. M. Jones]

L. Morris, however, wrote

given as the Caernarfon pronunciation of the word

Lluestcrinwydd

-(SN 6 1 7-72 1 ) [lluest

+ y + crinwydd] ;

787

and this is also

(53) MYFENYDD Lluest y Cynwyn OS 1 82 1 , Lleyast Crynwydd 1 828 Esgair and Pantperthog MS 264, Llue[ ]tcrynwydd 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Lluest y CynnWyn OS 1 834, Lliastcrynwydd 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Lluest y Crynwyo 1 836PR Llangwrddon, Llyeast y Crynwydd 1 843TMS, Lluest-y-crynwydd O S 1 891 Whilst the spellings would suggest *crynwydd, this is not attested as a term in Welsh (cf B. gwes kren 'trembling trees' for 'aspen'). The realisation crynwydd is due to pre-cluster reduction of . The term crinwydd means 'withered sticks, brushwood' and is probably applied in reference to the paltry construction of this lluest, cf Havot Grynwothok 1 3 52 (unloc., Dolbadam, Caems.) [1979 E. Davies: 2 1 ]. The term is also found in Nant-y-crynwydd (Maesteg, Glams.) and in Crinwedhauc (prox. Pentre Dolau-Honddi, SN 9943, Brees.) [ c.1 350(1933)map W. Rees] . Lluest-y-garn -(SN 599-686)[1luest + y + cam]; [le:st�'garn D. 1\II. Jones] Lluast y Gam 'upon the common' 1 760CF, Lluast y Gam 1 8 1 7PR Llangwrddon, Lluest y Gam OS 1 821 , Llyasty Gam 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Llyast y Garn 1 839TMS Llanrhystud, Lluest y Gam 1 843TMS, Lluest-y-garn OS 1 891 Right on the limit with Llanrhystud Myfenydd. Lluestlas -(SN 621 -691 ) [lluest + glasL [liest'la:s E. Evans, le:st'la:s T. Morgan, D. M. Jones] Lluestlase 1 822PR Llanilar, Lluest-las 1 827PR Lledrod, Lluest Las O S 1 834, Lluast Las 1 843TMS Lledrod, Lluast Las 1 843TMS, Lluest-las OS 1 891 , Lluestlas 1 975 R.Phillips p. 267 Lluestllwyni -(SN 608-686)[1luest + y + llwyni] ; Lluestllwyn 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Lluestllwyny 1 826PR Llangwrddon, Lluest-llwyni OS1 83 4, Lluest-y­ llwyn 1 83 3PR Llangwrddon, Lliast Llwyny 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Lluest-llwyni O S 1 891 Llwynbedw -(SN 608-693)[llwyn + y + bedw] ; [lujn'bedu T. Morgan, D. M. Jones] Tythin Llwyn Bedow als. Tythin Glan Bydog 1 576 Pengelli MSS, Llwyn y Bedw 1 760CF, Llwyn Bedw 1 803map J. Singer, Llwyn Bedw 1 8 1 5PR Llangwrddon, Llwyn Bedw OS 1 82 1 , Llwyn y Bedw 1 826PR Llangwrddon, Llwyn Bedw OS 1 834, Llwyn-bedw OS 1 89 1 Llwyntynwent -(SN 597-704)[1lwyn + y + mynwent] ; [lujn'v�nwent T . Morgan] Llwyny±ynwent 1 800 Castlehill MSS, Llwyn y Fynwent 1 8 1 4PR Llangwrddon, Llwyn-y-fonwent, Llwynfonwent 1 83 7PR Llangwrddon, Llwynyfynwent 1 843TMS, Llwyn-fynwent OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-y­ fynwent OS 1 904, Llwynfynwent 1 975 R Phillips p.267 Llwynrhyddod -(SN 6 1 3 -685)[llwyn + yr + hyddod] ; [lujn'r�lhd D. M Jones] Llwynrhuddod OS 1 82 1 , Llwyn yr Hyddod 1 827PR Llangwrddon, Llwyn-yr Hyood 1 83 0PR Llangwrddon, Llwyn Rhyddod OS 1 834, Llwynrhyddod 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Llwynrhyddod 1 843TMS, Llwyn-yr-hyddod O S 1 891 Maesbeidog -(SN 608-698) [maes + hn. Beidog] ; [mas'bid:lg T. Morgan, mas'bejd:lg D. M. Jones] Maes Beidog 1 691 Mynachdy MSS, Maes Beidog OOS 1 82 1 , Maes y Bidog 1 828PR Llangwrddon, Masbeidog 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Maes-Beidog OS1 834, Maes-bidog 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Maesybeidiog 1 843TMS, Maes y Beudog 1 866 Mynachdy MSS, Maes-Beidog O S 1 89 1 Maesllyn -(SN 586-71 l ) [maes + y + llyn] ; [ma:s'lm T . Morgan, D. Rees] Maesllyn 1 8 1 7PR Llanddeinoel, Maes y Llyn 1 821PR Llangwrddon, Masllyn 1 83 4PR Llanddeinoel, Maes-llyn OS1 891 Melin Pontfaen -(SN 598-707)[melin + tn. Pontfaen (53-a)] ; [velm D. M Jones, �·vehn D. Rees] Melyn y Bont Vaen 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 1 4, Melin y Bontvaen 1 691 Castlehill MSS , Melyn y Bontvane 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Melyn y Bont 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Pontfaen Mill 1 775 Castlehill MSS , Llanygrwyddon Mill 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MSS, Pontfaen Mill 1 822PR Llangwrddon, Llangrwyddion Mill 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Mill 1 843TMS, Felin Pont-faen O S 1 89 1 , Y Felin, neu'r Felin ucha 'in old writings' 1 975 R.Phillips p. 25, Pont-faen OS1 982 The inhabitants of Llanddeinoel and Llangwrddon owed suit of mill here though it was not an ancient Crown mill [1603-25 in T. I. J. Jones (1 955): 1 1 4] . Melin saint -(SN 623-709)[melin + tn. [Rhyd]saint] ; [velm'sajnt D. Rees, melm'sajnt R Jones] Melin Ryd y Sant 1 599 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Rhydsaint Mill 1 775 Castlehill MSS, Melin Saint 1 822 Castlehill MSS, Felinrhydst_ 1 824PR Llangwrddon, Felin Rhyd Saint 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Felin Saint 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Felin Saint 1 843 TMS, Melin-saint OS 1 89 1 , Felin-saint OS1 904 The saint 'saints' referred to by the name of the nearby ford are Saint Ursula and the 1 1 ,000 virgins, see Llangwrddon (53-a) . It is interesting to compare the use of the MW. use of saint for 'female saints', as

788

(53) MYFENYDD opposed to MnW. usage of santesau, which is found in Capelsantesau (1 5-a) which also refer to the 1 1 ,000 virgins. Minffordd -(SN 602-685) [min + y + :ffordd] ; [mmf;:,r D. M. Jones] Minffordd 1 843 TMS, Minffordd OS 1 891 Nantcwta -(SN 592-696)[nant + cwta] ; Nantcwtta 1 760CF, Nantcwtta 1 786PR Llangwrddon, Nant Cwta O S 1 82 1 , Blaennant 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Blaen y Nant 1 843TMS, Blaen-nant OS 1 89 1 , Nant-cwtta OS 1 904 Nantcwta-fach -(SN 5 89-698)[nant + cwta (+ bach)] ; Nant Cwtta 1 843TMS Llangwrddon, Quarry Nant-cwta OS 1 89 1 , Nant-cwtta-ffich OS 1 904 Pantrala -(SN 6 1 8-691 )[pant + yr + ? ] ; [pant'rala E. Evans, D. M Jones, D . Rees] Pant-yr-alan 1 830PR Llangwrddon, Pantyrala 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Pantyr-ala 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Pantyralau 1 843 TMS, Pant-yr-ala OS 1 89 1 , Pantrala 1 975 RPhillips p. 29 Because of the vocalisation of the fmal vowel this is unlikely to contain the term ale 'alley'. Pantamlwg -(SN 6 1 1 -685)[tn. Pantarnlwg (48-a)] ; [pan'amlog T. Morgan, D. M Jones, panh'amlug D. M. Jones] Pantanarnlwg 1 833PR Llangwrddon, Pantynarnlwg 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Pant An Amlwg 1 843TMS, Pant-yn-arnlwg O S 1 8 9 1 , Pantarnlwg 1 975 RPhillips p.227 Pant-y-baJWD -(SN 622-706)[pant + y + barwn] ; [panta'barun T. Morgan] Pant-y-barwn 1 742PR Llanrhystud, Pant y Barwn 1 8 1 3PR Llangwrddon, Pant y Barwn OOS 1 821 , Pantybarwrn 1 843TMS , Pant-y-barwn O S 1 89 1 The term barwn i s attested i n Welsh as early a s the thirteenth century [GPC s.v. barwn] , and i s found i n the name leuan ap Ybaron (Perfedd) [ 1 352-53 in 1 940 BBCS: 10.141 ] . Pantbedw -(SN 609-694)[pant + tn. [Llwyn]bedw (53-a)]; Pantbedw OS 1 982 A new name [inf. D. Rees ] . Pant-y-clawdd -(SN 602-686)[pant + y + clawdd]; Pant y Clawdd 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Pant y Clawdd 1 843TMS This probably refers to the clawdd-mynydd which lay some 1 OOm below it in the nineteenth century. Pantffynnon -(SN 61 0-686)[pant + y + ffynnon] ; [pan'fan;:,n D. M. Jones] Pantyffyno n n 1 808PR Llanilar, Pantffynnon 1 825PR Llanilar, Pantfynnon 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Pant y F:fynhon 1 836PR Llangwrddon, Pantyffynn 1 843TMS, Pant-y ffynnon OS 1 891 , Pantffynnon 1 975 RPhillips p. 267 Pantgwair -(SN 602-672)[pant + y + gwair] ; [panta'gwajr D . M. Jones] Pant-y-gwair O S 1 89 1 , o Bant-gwair 1 975 RPhillip s p.2 1 9 Pant-hwilog -(SN 61 1 -684) [tn. Pant-hwilog (48-a)] ; [pant'wibg D . M. Jones] Pantwhylog 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Panthwylog 1 843 TMS Pant-mawr -(SN 609-685)[pant + mawr] ; Pantrnawr ? 1 73 3 Pengelli MSS, Pant mawr 1 825PR Llangwrddon, Pantmawr 1 843TMS Pantsaeson -(SN 608-683)[pant + y + en. Saeson] ; Pant Saeson 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Pant y Saeson 1 83 8PR Llangwrddon, Pant Saeson 1 843TMS, Pant Seison 1 975 RPhillips p. 267 Pantsaeson was turned into outhouses to the new Treweithan [ 1 980 Ddolen: 46] ; " . . . Ac nid oes dim i ddangos ble roedd Pantsaeson ond y tair sycamorwydden dal a elwir y 'tair chwaer' [ 1 975 R. Phillips: 29] . A contributor to the local paper asked: 'Ai Saeson o edd yn mentro ?', doubtless with reference to the name of Trefentr (53-a) [ 1980 Ddolen: 46] . Pant-teg -(SN 609-695) [pant + teg]; Panteg OS 1 982 Pantrwyn -(SN 606-685)[pant + yr + \Vyn] ; [pant'rujn D. M Jones] Pant yr Wyn 1 830PR Llangwrddon, Pant yr Wyn 1 83 1 PR Llangwrddon, Pantyrwyn 1 843TMS, Pant-yr­ Wyn O S 1 89 1 , Pant-rwyn 1 975 RPhillips p.44 Pare -(SN 5 86-71 7)[parc] ; [park D. Rees] Pare O S 1 834, Pare O S 1 89 1 Penbanc -(SN 606-684) [pen + y + bane] ; [pen'baJjk D . M . Jones]

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(53) MYFENYDD Penybanc 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Penybank 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Pen y Bank 1 843TMS, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , Pen-bane 1 975 RPhillips p. 267 Penbont -(SN 600-707)[pen + y + pont] ; [pen'b:mt D. M. Jones, pem'b;:mt D. Rees] By the Bridge 1 8 1 4PR Llangwrddon, Bridge-end 1 8 1 5PR Llangwrddon, Penybont 1 82 5PR Llangwrddon, Penbont Hafod 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-bont O S 1 904, Pen-bont 1 975 R.Phillips p.267 Penbryn -(SN 5 9 1 -7 1 6)[pen + y + bryn] ; Pembryn 1 8 1 6 Castlehill MSS, Pen-y-bryn O S 1 834, Penybryn 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 , Penbryn OS 1 904, o Benbryn 1 978 Ddolen n. 3 See sub Penciog (53-a). Penbryn-bach -(SN 601 -686)[pen + y + bryn (+ bach)] ; [pen'dre: D. M. Jones] Penbryn bach 1 8 1 7PR Llangwrddon, Penbrynbach 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Penbryn bach 1 843TMS, Pen­ bryn-bach O S 1 89 1 , Pen-dre OS 1 904, Pendre 1 975 RPhillips p. 267, Pendre OS 1 982, ym Mhendre 1 990 E.Jones p. 92 Penbryn-mawr -(SN 604-686)[pen + y + bryn (+ mawr)] ; Penbrin fawr 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Penbrynmawr 1 83 4PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-bryn-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Penbryn-mawr OS 1 904 Penbwlch -(SN 604-686)[pen + y + bwlch] ; [pem'bolx;, now majsa'hra:v D. M. Jones] Penybwlch 1 83 5PR Llangwrddon, Pen Bwlch Mynyo bach 1 838PR Llangwrddon, Penybwlch 1 843TMS , Maesyrhaf O S 1 982 By 1 904 Penbwlch was in ruin [ OS1 904] . Penclog -(SN 5 95-71 1 )[pen + ? ] ; [peiJ'kbg T. Morgan, D. Rees] Penkeog 1 564 M.Richardson MS 1 47, Penkiog, Penkiog ycha + issa 1 69 1 Castlehill MSS, Benciog ycha + yssa 1 743 Castlehill MSS, Penkiog 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Penciog OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-ciog O S 1 834, Pen­ ciog OS 1 89 1 , Pen-c!og O S 1 904, Pen y Ciog O S 1 982 "Yn yr hen ysgrifau ymddangosodd Pencfog yn Pengigog, ac ar y fferm honno mae cae o'r enw Brynbeddau. " [1975 R. Phillips: 268] - cf Brynbeddau (SN 598-7 1 4), bnm'be6e [inf D. Rees], (c1 22) Penbryn Bedde [1 843TMS]. From the above forms of Penciog we can ignore the popular etymology cigog 'meaty'; see Penrhiw (53-a). Pen-y-clawdd -(SN 607-687)[pen + y + clawdd] ; Pen y Clawdd OS 1 982 This probably refers to the clawdd-mynydd which lay some 1 OOm below it in the nineteenth century. Pencomins -(SN 597-696)[pen + y + comins] ; [pen'k:Jmms T. Morgan] Peny-comins 1 8 1 9PR Llangwrddon, Pencomins, Pen-y-commyns 1 829PR Llangwrddon, Penycomins 1 830PR L1anilar, Pen y Commins 1 843TMS, Pen-commins O S 1 89 1 Cf Blaencomins (53-a). Pencwm -(SN 642-71 5)(Rhiwgwraidd)[pen + y + cwm] ; [peiJ'kom R. Jones] Pen-y-cwm O S 1 891, Pencwm 1 948 list R.Jones Inexistent [os 1904]. Pencwm-ucha -(SN 587-708) [pen + y + cwm (+ uchaf)] ; Pen y Cwm 1 760CF, Penycwm 1 800PR Llangwrddon, Pen Cwm ucha 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Pencwm 1 8 1 9PR Llangwrddon, Pen y Cwm OS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-cwm OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-cwm OS 1 904, Pen-cwm 1 975 R.Phillips p. 267, Pen-y-cwm-uchaf OS 1 982 Pencwmbeidog -(SN 602-699)[pen + cwm + hn. Beidog] ; [pe1Jkom'bijd:Jg T. Morgan] Pen Cwm Bidog 1 760CF, Pen Cwmbeidog 1 8 1 4PR Llangwrddon, Pen Cwm Beidog OS 1 821 , Pen-cwm­ beidog OS 1 834, Pen Cwm Bidog 1 833PR L1angwrddon, Pen-cwm-beidog O S 1 89 1 Pengelli -(SN 602-703)[pen + y + celli] ; [peiJ'gcli T . Morgan] Pen y Gelly 1 760CF, Penygelli 1 828PR Llangwrddon, Pen-y-gelli OS 1 834, Pengelly 1 83 6PR Llangwrddon, Penygelly { 1 st added} 1 843TMS, Pen-y-gelli OS 1 89 1 , Pengelli 1 975 RPhillips p. 267, (c) Rhiw Pengelli 1 975 RPhillips p.39 Penglanywain-fach -(SN 6 1 5 -703) [pen + glan + pn. Ywain (+ bach)] ; [pe1Jglan ,owen'va:z T. Morgan] Pen Glan Owen OS 1 834, Penglanowen fach 1 834PR Llangwrddon, Penlanowen fach 1 843TMS, Pen­ glan-owen-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Pen-glan-owen-fach 0Sc. l 950

790

(53) MYFENYDD Penglanywain-fawr -(SN 6 1 7-704)[pen + glan + pn. Ywain (+ mawr)] ; [pefJglan,owen'vawr T. Morgan, penglan'wen D. Rees, d,lwrn R Jones, n E . Evans] Tynyfron 1 8 1 4PR Lledrod, Tyn-y-fron 081 834, Ty'n-y-fron O S 1 8 9 1 , Tynfron 1 990 E.Jones p. l l l Tynglyn -(SN 636- 7 1 0) [tyddyn + y + glyn] ; Tuy yn Glan (sic) 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Ty Glyn, (c) Gwain-ty-yr-glyn 1 81 8sur map, Tyn y Glynn 1 825PR Lledrod, Tyn-y-glyn 08 1 834, Tynyglyn 1 833PR Lledrod, Tynyglyn 1 843TMS, Penyglyn 1 8002/2 Nanteos fpls., Tynglyn 1 948 list R Jones Tyngwndwn -(SN 652-698) [tyddyn + y + gwndwn]; Tyngwndwn 1 8 1 6PR Lledrod, Fawnog OS 1 834, Ty yn Gwndwn 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-gwndwn OS 1 89 1 , Tyngwndwn 1 948 list R Jones Tynrhelyg -(SN 642-703)[tyddyn + yr + helyg]; [tm'hrehg, ti'hrehg E. Evans] Tythin Rhyw ir Ywrch als. Ty yn i Clau als. Ty yn ir Helig 1 665/66 Cwrt-mawr M8S, Tynyrhelig 1 760CF, Tyn yr Helig 1 8 1 4PR Lledrod, Ty'n-yr-helyg OS 1 89 1 Tynllan -(SN 646-70 1 )[tyddyn + y + llan] ; [tm'ian E . Evans, R Jones, kiiJz'armz E . Evans] Tynllan 1 808PR Lledrod, Tynyllan 1 8 1 3PR Lledrod, Tynyllan { added} 1 843TMS, (c) Tynllan Turbary 1 843TM8, King's Arms (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 What C . 8purrell [1935: 44] says of the significance of the name Kings Arms seems relevant in this particular instance: "The sign of the King's Arms is often found near the parish church, and dates from the erection of the Royal arms in the church at the time of the Restoration. " Tynllidiard -(8N 629-686)[tyddyn + y + llidiard] ; Tynllidiad 1 823PR Lledrod, Tynllidiart 1 833PR Lledrod, Tynyllydiart, (c) Cae Tynllydiart 1 843TMS, Tynlliart (sic) 1 948 list RJones Tynlon -(8N 632-707)[tyddyn + y + Ion]; (c358) Cottage, (c357) Cae Tynlon 1 843 TM8 Tynporth -(SN 645-702)[tyddyn + y + porth] ; [trm'p:>r8 E. Evans] Tynyporth 1 8 1 5PR Lledrod, Tynyporth 1 843TMS, Tynporth 1 986 Llais Aeron n. 94 Tynrhos -(8N c. 645-684)[tyddyn + y + rhos]; Twyn y Rhose 1 769 Coleman MS 1 ,460, Ty'n y Rhos 1 7 8 1 sur map, Tyn y Rhos 1 81 3PR Lledrod, Tyn y Rhos OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn-'rhos O S 1 834, Ty'n Rhos 1 833PR Lledrod, Ty'nrhos 1 835PR Lledrod, (c) Cae Ty Rhos + issaf, Bank Ty Rhos, Bank Tyn Rhos issaf 1 843TMS, Tynrhos 1 843PR Lledrod Waunbwll -(SN 650-671 ) [y + gwaun-bwll]; [wejn'bm E. Evans] Wainbwl1 1 82 1 PR L1edrod, Waun Bwl1 1 843TMS, Waun-bwll OS1 891 See sub Hen-dy Waunbwll (78-a). Ynys-fach -(SN 640-670)[ynys + bach] ; [;lniS'va:z, (c) /o:n,niS'va:z E. Evans] Ynys fach 1 843TM8, Ynys-mch OS 1 89 1 , Ynysfach 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 9 1 Ynysgoch-fach -(SN 641 -679)[ynys + coch (+ bach)]; [;lmsgoz 1 246( 1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Brin Merlled 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 98, Bryn Merllyd 1632 Crosswood MSS , Brynmethyd 1 633/34 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Merllyd 1 63 8 Crosswood MSS , Bryn Merllyd 1 690rent f. 5, Tythyn Bryn Merllyd 1 694 Crosswood MSS, Penbryn Merllyd, Tythin y Bryn Merllyd 1 7thcent. in PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Tythin y Bryn Merllyd 1 7 1 9 Crosswood MSS, Penybrin Merllyd 1 722 Crosswood MS S, Tythyn y Bryn Merllyd 1 760 Crosswood MS S, Pen y Bryn 1 760map E.Bowen, Penybryn Meillid, Bryn Llyd 1 764 Crosswood MSS, Bryn Merllydd, Pen y Bryn Merllydd 1 772 -

.

833

(56) MYFENYDD Crosswood MS S, Penbrynn 1 776 Crosswood MSS, Penbryn 1 8 1 8PR Lledrod, Pen y Bryn 008 1 821 , Pen'bryn 08 1 834, Penybryn 1 83 3PR Lledrod, Pen-bryn 08 1 89 1 The meaning o f the adjective merllyd i s 'stagnant, lifeless', which seems more suitable t o a stretch of water such as could be found in the bog surrounding this place than to the hill itself However, there is another merllyd which translates as 'marrowy, full of marrow', in which case the adjective might have a complimentary significance, cf. Brynbras (71-a),Brynllefrith (1 5-a). Pengwaith -(SN 690-69)[pen + y + gwaith] ; [peiJ'gwaje A. Jones] Llwynmalees 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 1 8, Llwyn-malus Mine (lead) 08 1 89 1 , Llwynmalis Mine OS 1 904, Llwynmalus 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 145, Swyddffynon 1 922 O.T. Jones p. 148, Llwyn Malus, West Lisburne Mine's Ltd. 1 974 D.E.Bick p.37, Llwynmalys, Llryn Malers 1 985 R.Burt et al. p. 65 Pengwndwn -(SN 689-660)[pen + y + gwndwn] ; [pelJ'gundun M. Owen] Twy yn y Gwndwn 1 763 Hendrefelen MSS, Tyddyn Pen y Gwndwn 1 767 Hendrefelen MSS, Twyyny Gwndwn 1 772-73 in 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p.480, Penygwndan 1 777 in 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. 484, Pengwndwn 1 808PR Lledrod, Pen'gwndwn 1 8 1 9PR Lledrod, Pen y Gwndwn OOS 1 821, Penygwndwn 1 843 TMS, Pen-gwndwn 08 1 89 1 , a Phengwndwn 1 963 E. Jones p.35 Penlan -(SN 679-658) [pen + y + glan]; [pen'lan M Owen] Pen y Lan Wen 1 634 Crosswood MSS, Penyllan 1 723/24 Crosswood MSS, Pen y Lan 1 738 Coleman MS 1 42, Penylan 1 73 8 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 64, Penlan 1 78 1 sur map, Pen-'lan 08 1 834, Pen-Ian 08 1 89 1 , Penlan Swyddffynnon 1 979 J.R.Rees p. 1 3 Anciently part o fLlwynboudy-ucha (56-a) [1634 Crosswood MSS] . Penlan Cottage -(SN 677-659)[tn. Penlan (56-a) + E. cottage]; Pen-Ian Cottage 08 1 891 b. bet. 1 78 1 -1 891 [ 1 781sur map; OS1891 ]. Pensarn -(SN 684-660)[pen + y + sam]; [pen'sarn M Owen] Pen y Sam 1 690rent f. 3, Pensam 1 78 1 sur map, Pensarn 1 803map J. Singer, Penysarn 1 8 1 5PR Lledrod, Pensarn OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-'sam OS 1 834, Pensam 1 83 3PR Lledrod, Pen-sam OS 1 89 1 Pentre-du -(SN 657-670)[pentref + du]; [pentre'di: E. Evans] Pentrey Duy 1 689/90 Crosswood MSS, Pentre Duy 1 690rent f. 3, Pentre Dy 1 723/24 Crosswood MSS, Pentredue 1 738/3 9 Crosswood MSS, Pentre Du 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Pentredu 1 768rent Crosswood, Pentre Du 1 79 1 sur map, Pentre Du OOS 1 821, Pentre-du 0 8 1 834, Pentre-du OS 1 89 1 Sbeit -(SN 654-67 1 ) [E. spite] ; Spite 1 843 TMS, Spite OS 1 982 Swydd -(SN 692-658) (swydd + y + ffynnon] ; [suj� M Owen] Fennaunoyr 1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Finnaun Oyer 1 1 84(1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Fynnaun Oyr 1 202( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Fennann Oyer >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Vongen de Fonte Frigido 1291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Y Monaghty 1 577rent £ 47, Managhtie Heane 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 05, Mynachty Hen 1 635/36 Hendrefelen MSS, Manachty Hen 1 63 5/36 Crosswood MSS, Mynachty Ffynnon Oer als. Llecy levan Duy Hen 1 63 6/37 Hendrefelen MSS , Manachtie Hen 1 658/59 Hendrefelen MSS, Swydd y Ffynnon 1 690rent £4, Swydd y Ffynon Oer als. Mynachty Hen 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MS S, Lle Tuy Evan Duy Hen 'or one sixth-part of that tenement and lands commonly called and known by the name' Mynachty Fynnon Oer als. Mynachty Hen 1 736 Hendrefelen MSS, Swydd y Ffynnon 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Snuth Timnon Oyr 1 745 i n 1 80 8 S.R.Meyrick p.474, Swydd Fynnon, Mynachty Hen 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Swythffynnon, Swydd y Ffynnon 1 760CF, Swyddyffynnon, Mynachty Hen 1 768rent Crosswood, Mynachty Ffynon Oer als. Mynachty Hen, 'but then commonly known by the several names of Twy mawr, Twyyny Gwndwn 1 772-73 in 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.480, Lle Tug Emanduyhen 1 777 in 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. 484, Mynachty Hen, (c9) Cae Swydd (adj. ) 1 7 8 1 sur map, Swyddyffynnon {2nd added} 1 792PR Ysbyty-Ystwyth, Swyo 1 8 1 3PR Lledrod, Swydd OOS 1 82 1 , Swydd 081 834, S"Wydd 08 1 89 1 , Mynachdy Ffynonoer 1 933map W.Rees It is difficult to ascertain - especially with the eighteenth century forms - whether Swyddffynnon refers to the village or to the farm on this site (where the name has been shortened to Swydd). I am tempted to equate the obsolete name Mynachdy-hen with nearby Ty-mawr (56-a) (partly because of the implications of the name Ty-mawr and partly because of the name of the house adjoining it called Cwrt, 56-a). Mynachdy-hen is made different from Swyddjjjmnon [1756 Crosswood MSS; 1 768rent Crosswood], though it is expressly equated with Swydd (56-a) in 1 78 1 . There seems hardly any doubt that the older F.fynnonoer 834

(56) MYFENYDD contained the later holdings of Swydd, Ty-mawr, and Pengwndwn (as intimated in 1 772-73), and, judging by the name Mynachdy-hen, it is possible that the administrative centre of the ancient holding of Fjjmnonoer was removed to the site of Ty-mawr, thus explaining that name, as well as Cwrt (56-a). As a result of the confusion as to which site was the original Fjjmnonoer it is not possible to be wholly certain where the well lay, though it is likely that it was situated on the land of either Pengwndwn (56-a), Swydd (56-a) or Ty-mawr. W. Rees [ 1 933map] (followed by F. Jones [1 954: 1 58]) put S. t Fride's Well on site of Ystradmeurig (57-a), the site is undoubtedly incorrect, as is the form - a misreading of the medieval L. Fonte Frigido for F.fynnonoer. Of late S. t Fride's Well, welshified as Ffynnon Ffraid has been identified with a well on Gynhawdre land (56-a) which has an interesting stone structure [ 1 997 E. Grufi)rdd: 22-23] over 1km W of the aforementioned farms and the village of Swyddffynnon. S ince aur is pronounced ;;)jr in much of Cardiganshire, similar to nW. oer, one cannot help wondering whether the story given by E. Gruffydd [ 1997: 22] i s true o r simply inspired by an interpretation of the name as *Ffynnonour: "Roedd dw r Ffynnon Oer yn dda iawn at wella cricymalau. Pan ddanfonwyd y dfu i :ffwrdd i gael ei ddadansoddi, nodwyd bod olion o aur ynddo. Heddiw, bydd pobl sy'n dioddef o gricymalau yn cael chwistrelliad o aur i'w helpu a dyna pam, o bosibl, y mae'r ffynnon arbennig hon yn dda at drin anhwylderau'r cymalau. " It is difficult to decide between the meanings of swydd as 'office' or 'administrative territory associated with an office' (cf Tynswydd (33-a), Pwllswyddog, 33-a), which accounts for the comment of H. Owen [ 1 906: 3.242] "the interesting and puzzling place name Swydd y F.fynnon". I favour the meaning 'administrative territory associated with an office'. There seems no doubt that it has something to do with Swydd.ffynnon being an administrative centre of the monastic grange of Myfenydd - perhaps, more specifically, the western half of the grange, the eastern half of the grange being administered from Pont Rhydfendigaid (58-a). SWYDDFFYNNON -(SN 692-663)[tn. Swydd[ffynnon] (56-a)]; [suj'f�n;;)n, su'fan;;)n M. Owen] Swydd y Fynnawn Oer 1 803map J. Singer, Llwyd Ffynnon 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llwyd Ffynnon, Swyddffynnon 1 8 1 1PR Ystradmeurig, Swydd y Ffynnon OOS 1 82 1 , Swydd y Ffynnon O S 1 834, Shop Swoffynnon 1 833PR Lledrod, Swyddffynon Village 1 843TMS, (vill) Swydd 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Swydd-y­ ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Swydd-ffynnon 0Sc. 1 950 This is the same name as the nearby farm of Swydd (56-a). This seems to have been an old nucleated village centred around a mil� already in 1 738 Melin Swydd.ffynnon (56-a) had 'several cottages standing upon the said tenement' [ 1738 Coleman MSS: 37] . Comprising: 1 ) Bethel, 2) Blaenpentre, 3 ) Capelgroes, 4 ) Capel SwyddJYnnon, 5) Ffowntan, 6 ) Maescamddwr, 7 ) Ysgol Swyddffynnon. Tancoed -(SN 697-679) [tan + y + coed] ; [tag'ko:d M Owen] Troed y Rhiw 1 843TMS, Tan-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , a Thancoed 1 967 E. Jones p.33 Tancwarel(i) -(SN 697-68 1 )(Llwynmalis)[tan + y + cwarel]; [tag'kwarel M. Owen] Tan-y-chwarel OS 1 89 1 I n ruins (OS 1 904]. Tancwarel(ii) -(SN 676-663)(Penlan)[tan + y + cwarel] ; Tanquarrel cott. 1 843TMS, Tan-y-chwarel OS 1 89 1 , Tancwarel 1 967 E.Jones p.80 Tanffordd -(SN 687-662)[tan + y + ffordd] ; [tan'f:>r� M. Owen] Tan-ffordd O S 1 89 1 , Tanffordd 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 253 Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 68 1 -656)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1904] . Ty-mawr -(SN 695-66 1 )[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mowr M Owen] Ffynnon Oer 1 577rent £47, Ffmnon Oyre 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 05, Ffynnon Oer 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS, Twy mawr 1 763 Hendrefelen MSS, Tyddyn y Tymawr 1 767 Hendrefelen MSS , Twy mawr 1 772-73 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 480, Tyddyn y Ty mawr 1 776 Bronygraig MSS, Ty-mawr 1 78 l sur map, Tymawr 1 8 1 4PR Lledrod, Ty-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Treffynon (sic) c. l 3 50( 1 933)map W.Rees The identification with of Ty-mawr with the older Fjjmnonoer is not wholly beyond question, but a rental of 1 577 [ 1 577rent: 46] seems to rule out Mynachdy-hen (als. Mynachdy Ffynnonoer als. Swydd, 56-a) having been Ffynnonoer; for more details see sub Swydd (56-a). Tynbanai -(SN 697-665)[tyddyn + y + banadl]; [tm'manal, tm'banal M Owen, hm'banal M. 0. Jones] Tuy yn y Banal 1 690rent £ 3, Ty yn y Banal 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Tynybanal 1 768rent Crosswood, Tyn y Banadl 1 78 1 sur map, Tynybanal 1 8 1 3PR Lledrod, Tynybanadl 1 820PR Lledrod, Tyn-y-banal OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-banal OS 1 89 1 , Tynbanadl l 906 J. J. Morgan p.45 835

(56) MYFENYDD Part ofMaesbanhadlog [ 1722 Crosswood MSS] . Tynclawdd -(SN 674-662)[tyddyn + y + clawdd]; [tm'klawl> M. Owen] Ty yn y Clawdd 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Tuy yn y Clawdd 1 690rent f. 5, Teithyowch y Clawdd 1 726 Crosswood MSS, Tynyclawdd 1 768rent Cross wood, Tyn y Clawdd 1 78 1 sur map, Ty'n-clawdd OS 1 89 1 , Tynclawdd 1 967 E.Jones p. 79 Tyncoed -(SN 696-675) [tyddyn + y + coed] ; [tnJ'ko:d M. Owen] Tyn-y-coed OS 1 834, Tynycoed cott. 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Tyncoed 1 967 E.Jones p.30 Tynddraenen -(SN 692-666)[tyddyn + y + draenen]; [tm'l>rejnen, tm'rejnen M Owen] Trefvaes Yclafdy (prox. ) >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Clafdy (prox.) 1 577rent £40, Maes y Claudy (prox.) 1 577rent £48, Ty bagh yn y Coed als. Tithen y Deynon 1 577rent f. 40, Tythyn Draynen, Mayes Claweduye (prox.) 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 68, Ty yn y Ddraynen 1 637 Crosswood MSS, Tir Ty yn y Ddraenen, Maes y Clasdy als. Tythin y Ddraenen 1 648 Crosswood MSS , Tuy yn y Draynen 1 690rent f. 6, Tyn y Ddrainen 1 729/30 Crosswood MSS, Tyr Tuy yn Draenen 1 738 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 64, Tyr Tuy-yndrynen 1 73 8 Coleman MS 142, Cen Ddrinen 1 760map E.Bowen, Tynyddrainen issa + ycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Tynddreinen 1 8 1 9PR Lledrod, Tyn y Draenen OOS 1 821 , Tynoraenen 1 821PR Lledrod, Tyndraenen 1 824PR Lledrod, Tyn-y-draenen OS 1 834, Tynyddraenen 1 843TMS, Tynddrinen 1 852PR Ystradmeurig, Ty'n-y-ddraenen OS 1 89 1 , Tynddraenen 1 967 E. Jones p. 3 3 The clafdy mentioned i n the alias o f Tynddraenen, seems t o have been connected somehow t o the Knights Hospitallers' hospice for lepers at Y stradmeurig, see Dre-isa (57 -a). Ty-newydd -(SN 662-68 1 )[tY + newydd] ; [ti'new16 M. Owen] Tynewydd 1 8 1 8PR L1edrod, Tynewyo Ynys Forgan 1 834PR Gwnnwys, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Tynlon -(SN 674-658)[tyddyn + y + lon] ; [tm'lo:n M. Owen] Tyn y Lon cott. 1 7 8 1 sur map, Tynylon 1 8 1 7PR Lledrod, Tyn Lon OOS 1 82 1 , Tynlon 1 823PR Lledrod, Tyn-'lon OS 1 834, Tyn y Lon, (cl083) Cae Tynlon 1 843TMS, Ty'n-lon OS 1 89 1 TynlOn Villa -(SN 673-657)[tn. Tynlon (56-a) + E. villa] ; Tynlon Villa OS 1 982 Ynys -(SN 683-680) [ynys] ; Ynys OS 1 89 1 Ynysberfedd -(SN 682-646)[ynys + perfedd]; [rams, ams�'bervel>, we d o not tend t o say '-y-beifedd' M. Owen] Ynis y Bervedd 1 658 Crosswood MS S, Ynis pervedd, Unis pervedd 1 71 9 Crosswood MSS, (c) Llain Pen Lle'r Daes als. Llain Ynis y Pervedd 1 72 1 Cross wood MSS, Ynisy Perfedd 1 768rent Cross wood, Ynys y Perfedd 1 8thcent. in PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ynys y Berfedd OOS 1 82 1 , Ynys perfedd OS 1 834, Ynys berfedd, Ynys y Perfedd 1 843TMS, Ynys-y-berfedd OS 1 89 1 The meaning of ynys here, is a piece of dry land surrounded (or almost so) by wetland, which describes it situation well enough, especially the land due south of it. Its name implies that it was 'the middle island', referring to its position between another ynys and possibly Penbryn. The close proximity of Ynys-y-gam about l OOm away leads one to think that either of these two distinct names, both attested as early as 1 658 may have transferred there from another location, most likely from the distinct peninsula of dry land that lies to the southwards. If Ynys-y-gam was located here at one time, then the name Ynysbeifedd would have referred to the middle island between Ynys-y-gam and Penbryn. This place seemingly shows the substitution of the obsolete peifedd 'middle' with the derived noun peifedd 'entrails', see sub Brynpeifedd (61-a). Part of an ancient tenement called Brynmerllyd als. Penbryn (56-a) [ 1658 Crosswood MSS] ; Penlle 'rdas probably refers to a place where peat from Cors Caron (56-b) was heaped. Ynysbont -(SN 677-646)[ynys + y + pont]; [r�ms, aniS'b:mt, �niSa'b:mt, we tend to say the full name unlike in the case of ' Ynysbeifedd M Owen] Ynis y Bont 1 690rent f. 5, Ynys y Bont 1 760CF, Ynisbont 1 768rent Crosswood, Ynys Pont 1 8ilicent. in PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Ynys y Bont OOS 1 82 1 , Ynysybont 1 827PR Lledrod, Ynys-y-bont OS 1 89 1 The meaning o f ynys here, is a piece of dry land surrounded by wetland, which describes exactly the situation of this place. Ynysforgan -(SN 670-684)[ynys + pn. Morgan] ; [ ams'v�rgan M. Owen] Ynys Vorgan >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Ynis Vorgan 1 690rent £ 5, Ynys Morgan OOOS 1 82 1 , Ynys Morgan OS 1 834, Ynysforgan 1 843TMS, Ynysforgan OS 1 89 1 , Ynys-morgan OS 1 904 Ynys-y-garn -(SN 68 1 -646) [ynys + y + earn] ; 836

(56) MYFENYDD Ynis y Game 1 658 Crosswood MSS, Ynis y Gam 1 690rent f. 5, Ynys y Gam 1 760CF, Ynisgarn 1 768rent Crosswood, Ynysygam 1 827PR L1edrod, Ynysygam 1 843TMS Part of ancient tenement of B1ynmerllyd als. Penbryn (56-a) [ 1 658 Crosswood MSS] ; see sub Ynysbeifedd (56a). Ysgoldy-banc -(SN 669-670)[ysgoldy + yr + bane] ; [sk:>ldir'baJJk E. Evans, sk:>ldi'bagk M. Owen] Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) OS 1 89 1 , Chapel OS 1 904 Ysgol Swyddffynnon -(SN (ii)692-662)[ysgol + tn Swyddffynnon (56-a)]; [�r·�sk:>l M Owen] YsgolrYo 1 820PR Lledrod, Ysgol Rydd House 1 843TMS, Ysgol Rydd Swydd-:ffynon n 1 863PR Ystradmeurig, School OS 1 89 1 , The Lledrod Upper School 1 93 4 D. G. Osborne-Jones p. 1 6, Free School 1 934 D. G. Osborne-Jones p. 2 1 , School 0Sc. 1 950, Swyddffynnon C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 i) SN 68 1 -646. The original school was kept at Ynys-y-garn [ 1 934 D. G. Osborne-Jones: 20-21 , 23]; fd. 1 734, certainly in existence in period 1 73 5-40 [1966 CER: 5.241]. The school was endowed in the 1 745 will of Rev. Thomas Oliver, Dudley, (a native of Lledrod parish), who owned Ynysbeifedd and Ynys-y-garn [1808 S. R. Meyrick: 472-76; 1934 D. G. Osborne-Jones: 16], and reopened in 1 746 [ 1 966 CER: 5.241]. ii) SN 692-662. It removed to the site of the present Ysgol Swydd.ffynnon between 174 7 and 1 843 [ 1 934 D. G. Osborne-Jones: 20; 1 8431MS], when it was annexed to, and run in tandem with Ysgol Ystradmeurig (57-a). In 1757, through deed (confirmed by further deeds in 1 77 1 and 1 774), certain lands were established as a perpetual endowment for the grammar school [1966 CER: 5.242] . The grammar school was later removed to Ysgol Ystradmeurig (57-a), following which a Board School was b. 1 88 1 on its site [ 1 934 D. G. Osborne-Jones: 21 ] . geonyms Bryn-y-maen -(SN c. 667-673)[bryn + y + maen]; Bryn y Maen OS 1 834, Bryn y .Main OS 1 89 1 , Bryn y Maen OS 1 904 Cors Caron -(SN 690-740)[ cors + tn. Caron (e)] ; [k:>rs'kar:>n M 0. Jones] Gorse Glan Teify 1 777 Crosswood MSS, Cors Goch ar Deify 1 79 1 sur map, 'common called' Gors Glan Teify 1 8thcent. in PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Gors Goch 1 803map J. Singer, Y Gors Goch OOOS 1 821 , Gors Goch Lan Teifi OS 1 834, Cors Goch ar Teivy 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 68, Rhos Goch Glan Teifi 1 874 Nanteos L MSS 2, 1 53 , Cors G6ch Glan-teifi OS 1 89 1 , The Cors Coch c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Tumer p.265, Gors Caron 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 07, Cors Garon 1 904 Cymru vol.27 p. l 3 8, Cors Caron 1 907 Cymru vol. 32 p. 237, ar Gors Tregaron 1 92 1 T.D. Gw.Evans p. 1 58, Cors Glan Tern 1 93 6 W. A.Bebb p. 3 8, The Cors Goch 1 945 E.Jones p. 1 02, Cors Caron 1 948 S.Wright p.59, Cors Goch Glan Teifi 0Sc. l 950, o Gors Caron 1 963 W.Jones-Edwards p. 52, Cors Caron 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 1 0 1 , Y Gors Goch neu Gors Caron ' . . . y rhan o'r gors lle codid y mawn oedd' Y Figyn 1 964 E. Jones p. 66, Cors Coch Caron 1 966 CER vol. 5 p.243, Cors Caron 1 979a E.Jones p. 1 0 1 , Cors Tregaron 1 980 RJ.Moore-Colyer p. 58, Cors Lan Teift neu Gors Caron 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p.38 Cf. Cors Penbryn, a part of Cors Caron [ 1 990 E. Jones: 33]; see Cors Cruclas (56-b). Cors Cruclas -(SN 694-658)[ cors + tn. Cruclas (56-a)]; [k:>rs'knklas A Jones] Cors y Cricklas 1 78 1 sur map A part of Cors Caron [inf. M. Owen] . Drosgi -(SN 694-675) [y + trosgl] ; [baJJk'fo:s M. Owen, bagk�'fo:s, dr�sk:>l'fo:s M. 0. Jones] Y Dryscoll 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p.98, Drysgol, Y Driscoll 1 648 Crosswood MSS, Tyr y Dryssgol 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Dryscol 1 756 Hendrefelen MSS, (c1 189) Cae Trysgol 1 843TMS, Drysgol OS 1 89 1 , Y Drysgol 1 967 E. Jones p.93, Drysgol y Ffos 1 967 E. Jones p. 30, Ddrysgol y Ffos 1979a E.Jones p. 1 5 The addition of Ffos [bleiddaid] (56-a), is as a specifier i n opposition to Drosgl o n Mynydd-bach Llanwnnwys (57-b). Pen-y-easteD -(SN 663 -675)[pen + y + castell] ; Pent y Castell 1 648 Crosswood MSS, Castle ? 1 765map E.Bowen et a!. , Penycastell OS 1 834, Pen y Castell (Camp) (remains of) OS1 891 Penpicyn -(SN 693-660)[pen + picyn] ; [p1km, pem'p1km M Owen] inf.

837

(56) MYFENYDD This is at the junction of three lanes, leading to Cruclas, to Swydd & Pengwndwn and to Swyddffynnon (56-a); c£ Picynsych (68-a). Rhosmeheryn -(SN 677-675) [rhos + y + meheryn] ; Rhos Myheryn OOOS 1 82 1 , Rhos Myherin OS 1 834, Rhos Myheryn 1 843TMS

838

(57) MYFENYDD GWNNWYS-ISA Berthlwyd -(SN 686-696)[y + perth + llwyd]; [ berO 'Iojd A. Jones] Berthlwyd 1 8 1 7PR Gwnnwys, Berth-llwyd OS 1 834, Berthlwyd 1 844TMS, Berth-1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Blaenroerfa -(SN 679-682)[blaen + yr + oerfa]; [bla:n'r:lrva A Jones, blan'r:lrva E. Evans] Blaen yr Oerfa 1 83 9PR Gwnnwys, Blaen'roerfa 1 844TMS, Glanyroerfa 1 848PR Lledrod, Glan-yr-oerfa OS 1 89 1 , Glan-yr-oerfa 0Sc. 1 95 0, Blaenyorfa OS 1 982 Blaensychnant -(SN 7 1 2-695)[blaen + hn. Sychnant] ; [blajn'sdznant A Jones, blan'sdznant M Edwards] Blaen-sychnant OS1 834, Blaen-sychnant OS 1 89 1 Broncaradog -(SN 693-697)[bron + tn. [Pwll] caradog (57-b)] ; [br:lnka'rad:lg A Jones, br:liJka'rad:lg M 0 . Jones] Bron Caradog 1 830PR Gwnnwys, Bron-Caradog OS 1 834, Bron-Caradog OS 1 891 Bronmeurig -(SN 705-675) [bron + tn. [Ystrad]meurig (57-a)]; [br:ln'mejng M. 0. Jones] Bron Meiric 1 81 4PR Ystradmeurig, Bron Meyric OS1 834, Bron Moirig 1 83 9TMS, Bron-meurig OS1 89 1 Edward Richard ( 1 71 4-77), the founder of Ysgol Ystradmeurig (57-a), died here [ 1 966 CER: 5.244 ] , and was probably responsible for the erection of this house. Brynawei -(SN 7 1 4-674)[bryn + awel] ; Brynawel OS 1 982 Bryn-bach -(SN 697-686)[bryn (+ bach)] ; Brynbach 1 839TMS, Bryn-bach OS 1 89 1 The -bach is i n opposition to Brynpeifedd (57-a). Bryneglur -(SN 7 1 2-673) [bryn + eglur] ; [brm'eghr M. Owen] Bryneglur OS 1 982 Brynperfedd -(SN 701 -685)[bryn + perfedd] ; [brdn M. Owen] Bryn pervethe 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 68, Bryn pervedd 1 633 Crosswood MSS, Tyddyn Bryn y Pervedd 1 686 Hendrefelen MS S, Brynyperfedd 1 768rent Cross wood, Brynpervedd 1 772-73 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 47, Bryn 1 795PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Bryn 1 83 0PR Gwnnwys, Bryn OS 1 834, Brynperfedd 1 839TMS, Bryn OS 1 89 1 See Brynpeifedd (61-a). Bwlch-y-baedd -(SN 704-700) [bwlch + y + baedd] ; [bolzd'ba:� A Jones] Bwlch y Badd 1 756 L.Morris f. 3 0, Bwlchybao 1 8 1 3PR Gwnnwys, Bwlchybao 1 823PR Gwnnwys, Bwlchybadd 1 830PR Llanafan, Bwlch-y-baedd O S 1 834, Bwlchy Both cottage, (c) Llain Bwlch y Badd 1 844TMS, Bwlch-y-baedd OS 1 89 1 , Bwlchybadd 1 988 Barcud n. 1 20 Caradog -(SN 692-694) [tn. [Pwll] caradog (57-b)] ; [ka'rad:lg M. Owen, kapel,tiiJ'grajg M 0. Jones] Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) OS 1 89 1 , Caradog (Tynygraig) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276, Chap. O S 1 904, Capel OS1 982 b. 1 869 [ c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 276] . Castell -(SN 7 1 4-686) [castell] ; [kastcl J. Richards, ikastcl M. Edwards] Castell 1 833PR Ystradmeurig, Castell Amlwg ?? 1 842PR Ystradmeurig, Castell Cregin ?? 1 869PR Ystradmeurig, Castell OS 1 89 1 No apparent remains o f fortifications; cf. Castellcregyn (39-a). Cilmeddy -(SN 722-71 8)[cil + pn. *Meddfyw ?] ; [kil'me�i I. Davies, J. Richards] Kylmedwrn > 1 246( 1 33 6) cart. Ystradfflur, Kilmedbiwe > 1 282(1425) cart. Ystradftlur, Kilmeddi 1 689/90 Crosswood MSS, Kilmeddy 1 690rent f. 1 , Keelmeddy 1 760 Powys Castle MSS Corr. n. 33 55, Kilmeddu 1 768rent Crosswood, Cilmeddu 1 78 1 sur map, Kilmeddy 1 806PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Cilmeri (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Cil-meri (sic) OS1 834, Kilmeddu 1 83 8PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Cilmeiddi 1 844TMS, Cil-meddu OS 1 89 1 , Cilmeddi 1 98 1 Barcud n. 54 The loss of final [-w] is sporadically attested in a number of words, e.g. heddiw ---+ sW. heddi; ydyw ---+ nW. ydi. It is also found in the hn. Gwyn.fY (Glams.) from an original Gwyn.fYw [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 148], which was an OW.pn. Gunnbiu [c.1 140 LL: 148] , Gunviu [c. 1 140 LL: 1 82 ] , and is very regular in Breton so that OB.pns. Haerveu and Hoeamviu gave MnB . Herve [ 1993 Gw. Le Menn: 1 36-37] , and the Breton bishopric of Keme (F. Comouaille) is non other than W. Cemyw; cf Moelcemi (74-a). As for an otherwise unattested

839

(57) MYFENYDD personal-name *Medclfyw, it is feasible as both the elements medd and byw are common in Old Welsh personal-names. Cnwcrhwrdd -(SN 676-687)[cnwc + yr + hwrdd] ; [knuk;)'hrur5 A. Jones] Cnwckyrhwrdd 1 824PR Llanilar, Cnwc yr Hwrdd 1 832PR Lledrod, Cnwck'r Hwrdd 1 844TMS, Cnwc­ yr-hwrdd OS 1 891 Colej -(SN 702-704)[E. college]; [k;,led3 als. ti'i:x,a I. Davies, k;,led3 M. Edwards, k;,led3 A. Jones] College 1 837PR Gwnnwys, College 1 844TMS , College 1 988 Barcud n. 1 20 Comh ill -(SN 676-690)[E. corn + hill] ; [k;,rn'hrl A Jones] Corn Hill 1 834PR Lledrod, Corn Hill 1 844TMS Cwic -(SN 7 1 3-686)[E. quick] ; [kwik J. Richards, M Edwards, pn. daVIbkwik M Edwards, f pn. katk'kWik I. Davies] Gwaryffynon n 1 832PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Quick 1 882PR Ystradmeurig, Quick Cottage 1 883PR Ystradmeurig, Gwar-ffynnon OS 1 891 , Quick 1 9 1 8 Geninen vol.36 p.45 I. Davies [inf] believes Cwic was in the hollow below Castell (i. e. site of Gwaifjjmnon); cf. Cwic (71-a). Cwmffrwd -(SN 720-687)[cwrn + y + :ffrwd] ; Cwrn y Ffrwd 1 690rent f. 1 , Cwrn Ffrwd 1 745 Crosswood MSS, Cwrn Frwd 1 753 Crosswood MSS, Cwrnffrwd 1 768rent Crosswood, Cwmffrwd 1 8 1 6PR Ystradmeurig, Cwmffrwd 1 839TMS In ruins [OS1891 ]; cf. Cwmffrwd (57-b). Daldraws -(SN 709-680)[ ? + traws] ; Doldraus 1 634 Crosswood MSS , Daldraws 1 834PR Ystradmeurig, Taldraws 1 836PR Ystradrneurig, Daldraws 1 839TMS, Taldraws 1 865PR Ystradmeurig Cf Dallrhos (Llangennech, Carms.) [1616 Sir John Williams MSS: 81 ]; Llangronwy (41 -a); Bwlchtalywen (52-a). Dolawel - (SN 7 1 3-673)[dol + awel]; [d o: l awel M 0. Jones] Dolawel OS 1 982 Dre-isa -(SN 709-673)[y + tref + isaf] ; [drejsa, now bd3 M. 0. Jones] Lepers Land 1 509 in 1 9 1 8 TS 1 5/03/1 8, Dre issa als. Tir Lletty y Cleivon 1 649 Crosswood MSS, Y Dre issa als. Tir Letty y Cleivon 1 650 Crosswood MSS , Dre issa 1 690rent f. 1 , Llety yr Cleifion 1 690rent f.9, Dre issa 1 72 1 Crosswood MSS , Tyr y Dre 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Dreissa als. Lletty'r Cleifion 1 769rent Crosswood, o'r Dre issa 1 786 L.Morris in 1 949 H.Owen p. 784, Tre isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Dre issaf 1 827PR Ystradmeurig, Tre issaf 1 829PR Ystradmeurig, Tre isaf 0S l 834, Tirdre' 1 884PR Ystradmeurig, Tre-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Dre-issa 1 93 1 S .M.Powell p. 1 2, Tir-Llety y Cleifion 1 984 R J.Moore-Colyer p.74 There is mention of a hospice at Ystradmeurig in the twelfth century [ 1 148-76 in 1 946b J. c. Davies: 282], and the mention of acris leprosorum earlier than 1 2 82 [> 1 282(1425) cart. Ystradfflur] shows that the cleifion commemorated in the alias of Dre-isa were probably under the charitable reponsibility of the Hospitallers who possessed Ystradmeurig in medieval times; see Tynddraenen (56-a); cf. Ty-mawr (49-a). Dre-isa-fach -(SN 707-674)[y + tref + isaf (+ bach)] ; [dre.isa'va:x M. Edwards] Dre issa-fach 1 870PR Ystradmeurig, Tre-isaf-rach OS 1 89 1 In ruins [o s1 904]. Felinban -(SN 692-694)[y + melin-ban] ; [velm' ban + tegvan A Jones] Tythyn y Pandy ? 1 690rent f. 6, Dolypandy als. Tythynypandy ? 1 769rent Crosswood, Felin Ban 1 8 1 8PR Gwnnwys, Trelin Bann 1 829PR Gwnnwys There was an Evan Pannwr at Tyngraig (57-a) [ 1 969 CER: 6.253]. Ficrej -(SN 706-675)[E. vicarage]; [;)r,hen'v1kred3, now pen'kJjd M 0. Jones] The Vicarage O S 1 982, Pencoed (sign) Garreglwyd -(SN 698-697)[y + carreg + llwyd] ; [gareg 'lujd A Jones] Gareglwyd 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS , Garreglwyd 1 734 Crosswood MSS, Garreg Llwyd 1 755 Crosswood MSS, Gareg-1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Geufron-isa -(SN 722-709)[y + cau + bron ( + isaf)]; [gejvr;,n'isa J . Richards, g ejvr;,n A. Jones, g ;,jvr;,n J. Richards] Y Goyvron als. Ran issa 1 577rent f.43, Gwyvron yssa 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 1 05, Goy:ffron issa, Goifron issa 1 689/90 Crosswood MSS, Goyfron issa 1 690rent f. 1 , Rhandir y Gaivron c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Goifron 1 72 1 /22 Crosswood MSS, Goyfron issa 1 78 1 sur map, Geifron 1 8 1 7PR Gwnnwys, Goifron 1 820PR Gwnnwys, Geufrone 1 825PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Geifron 1 844TMS, Goyfron 1 852PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Geufron OS 1 89 1 '

840

(57) MYFENYDD Geufron-ucha -(SN 722-705)[y + cau + bron (+ uchaf)]; [gejvr;,n'�xa J. Richards] Y Goyvron 1 577rent f.43 , Goifron ycha 1 690 Crosswood MSS, Goyfron ycha 1 690rent f. 1 , Geufron 1 756 L.Morris f. 3 1 , Goifron ycha 1 759 Crosswood MSS , Goyfron ucha 1 78 1 sur map, Geufron OOS 1 82 1 , Goifron ucha 1 823PR Lledrod, Geufron-uchaf OS 1 834, Goifron ucha 1 833PR Gwnnwys, Geifron uchaf 1 844TMS, Geufron-uchaf OS 1 891 In ruins [OS 1 904). Glansychnant -(SN 709-692)[glan + hn. Sychnant] ; Sychnant 1 839TMS, Glan-sychnant OS 1 89 1 Gwaith Broncaradog -(SN 696-694)[gwaith + tn. Broncaradog ( 57 a)] ; Broncaradog 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 1 5, Bron Caradoc OS 1 974 Geol. map Gwarllyn -(SN 677-685)[gwar + y + llyn] ; Gwarllyn 1 826PR Gwnnwys, Gwar y Llyn 1 852PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Gwar-llyn OS 1 891 Gwelystwyth -(SN 685-71 0)[gwel + hn. Ystwyth] ; [gwe:l'�stw18 A. Jones, taj�'f;,restri M 0. Jones] Gwel Ystwyth OS 1 982 Gwnnwys -(SN 685-695)[pn. Gwynnwys] ; [eglus'gunus M Owen] Llanvnus 1 5 56 Bronwydd MSS, Gun[ ] 1 55 8 Crosswood MSS, Ll. Wnws c. 1 566EPC, Llannunws 1 57 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanonose 1 574 communion cup i n 1 903 G.E.Evans p . 5 9, Llanunnes 1 578map C.Saxton, Llanunus 1 58 3/84 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Llanwnus 1 597/98rent, Gwnws 1 608 Prob. St-David, Llanunnws 1 6 1 0/1 1 Crosswood MSS, Llannwnnws 1 61 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanwnws 1 61 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanunnus 1 6 1 3 Crosswood MSS, (p) Gwnnus 1 61 4/1 5 Hendrefelen MSS, Llanwyn[ ] 1 603-25 T.I. J.Jones (1 955) p. 1 06, Llanwnin (sic) 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones (1 955) p.76, Llanwnnws 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Gwnnus 1 63 8 Crosswood MS S, Llanvimus als. Llanvinus 1 64 1 Nouadd MSS , Llannwnws 1 647 Crosswood MSS, Llanwnws 1 665/66 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Gwynnus 1 670 Crosswood MSS , Gwnnws Pwll 1673 Crosswood MSS, Gunnus 1 690rent f 9, Lhanwnnws c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Gwnnws 1 7 1 0 Edwinsford MSS , Gwinnys 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llangwnnws 1 723/24 Crosswood MSS, Llanunas 1 760map E.Bowen, Llan Wnnws 1 799EPC, Lanunas als. Llan-unos, Llanwnws 1 7002/z Powys Castle MS 3,91 5, Llan Wnnws 1 803map J. Singer, Llanwnuws OOS 1 821 , Capel Gwynws yw Llanwnws 1 859 D.Morgan p. 8, Llanwnws, Eglwys Gwnnws 1 868 Haul p.245, s.t Gwnnws Church OS 1 89 1 , St. Gwnnw's Church OS1 904 In Uita Sancti Paterni ( 1 1 20) Gwynnwys - written Guinnius - was described as the leader (dux) of a local church [1994 P. 6 Riain: 3 91 ] . The name is composed of gwyn 'white' and a suffix -wys (mistakenly written -ius for -uis in Uita Sancti Paterni) whose origin is not known (cf Mabwys, 49-a), but may have a hypocoristic function. For the argument that Gwynnwys is a hypocoristic form of Gwynllau, see sub Penglanwnnwys in Nantgwnllau parish (41 -a). G[wyl] Wnnen, a Gwnnws, day Jab Brychan held on the thirteenth of December [ 1500% Dem.Calend.]. P. 6 Riain [ 1 994: 382] saw this as connected to the feast of the Irish saint Finnian of Clonard, held on the twelfth of December. Gwynnwys was the brother of Callwen, Gwenfil, Gwynau [1859 D. Morgan: 8]. Church b. 1 829 [1833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2 . 1 59; 1 992 G. Morgan: 1 1 ] ; reb. 1 874 , rest. 1 899 [ 1992 G . Morgan: 1 1 ]. Gwynnant -(SN 7 1 2-673)[gwyn + nant] ; Gwynant OS 1 982 Hafodgofain-fach -(SN 702-688)[hafod + y + gofaint (+ bach)]; Hafod-y-gofen-rach O S 1 891 , Hafod-y-gofaint-:fach OS1 904 Hafodgofain-isa -(SN 699-693)[hafod + y + gofaint (+ isaf)] ; [hav;,d,goven'isa M Owen] Hafod y Gofen issa 1 768rent Crosswood, Hafod y Gofen OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod y Gofen isaf OS 1 834, Hafod­ y-gofen-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Hafod-y-gofaint-isaf OS 1 904 Hafodgofain-ucha -(SN 700-689)[hafod + y + gofaint (+ uchaf)] ; [hav;,d,goven'�xa + hav;,d'hows M. Owen] Havod y Govaynt 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 05, Havod y Gofaint 1 632 Crosswood MSS, Hafod y Gofyn 1 690rent f 1 4, Hafod y Goven c. 1 757 L.Morris p.238, Hafod y Goven' 1 760CF, Hafod y Gofen ycha 1 768rent Crosswood, Hafodygofen 1 8 1 3PR Gwnnwys, Hafodygofaint 1 8 1 6PR Gwnnwys, Hafod Gofaint 1 8 1 8PR Lledrod, Hafod y Gofen OOS 1 82 1 , Hafod y Gofen uchaf OS 1 834, Hafod-y-gofen + Hafod House OS 1 89 1 , Hafod-y-gofaint OS 1 904, Hafod-y-cleifion (sic) 1 93 1 S.M Powell p. 1 2 The word gofaint 'smiths' has erroneously been thought t o be from cofaint 'covent' [1936 H. Owen: 4.454] D. H. Williams [ 1 984: 303; 1 990: 57] interpreting it to mean 'hafod of the convent'. The otherwise unknown -

84 1

(57) MYFENYDD Hafod-y-cleifion situated by R J. Moore-Colyer [ 1 984: 74] at SN 71 2-672, near Strata (57-a) is likely to be a misunderstanding for this place. Henblas -(SN 703-675)[hen + plas] ; [henblas M. Owen] Hen Blas 1 83 3PR Ystradmeurig, Henblas OS 1 891 , Henblas + Henblas Farm OS 1 982 Rh:ft -(SN 71 1 -67 1 )[yr + E. hut]; [hr�t A Jones] Railway Cottages OS 1 89 1 Lluest-fach -(SN 7 1 6-689)[lluest + bach]; Lluest fach 1 83 9TMS, Lluest OS 1 891 Lon -(SN 701 -688)[lon] ; [lo:n M. Owen, A Jones, �·Io:n M. 0. Jones] Lon 1 837PR Gwnnwys, Y Lon OS 1 891 Mabwys -(SN 654-676) [tn. Mabwys (49-a)] ; [mabus'armz, now brm'tejvi M. 0. Jones, M Edwards, mabus M. Edwards] Mabus Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 891 Melin Gwnnwys -(SN 692-695)[melin + tn. Gwnnwys (57-a)] ; [�'velm A Jones, a.T'velm M. 0. Jones] Melin Gwnnws 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Velin Gwnnws 1 81 3PR Gwnnwys, Felin OS 1 834, Gwnnws Mill 1 83 5PR Llanafan, Factory House, (c721 ) Rhydyfelin (prox.) 1 844TMS, Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Melin Tyngraig 1 969 CER vol. 6 p.252, Felin Ty'n-graig 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p. 3 8 See Felinban (57-a). Mownt -(SN 703 -701 ) [E. mount] ; [mownt, mawnt A Jones] Mount OS 1 89 1 , Mount 1 988 Barcud n 1 20 Mynachdy-bach -(SN 7 1 2-679)[mynachdy + bach] ; [m�'nazdi locally, nazdi in Pont Rhydfendigaid J. Richards, nax;ti I. Davies, i·r'nax;ti I. Davies] Monaghty bagh 1 577rent £47, Manachty bach 1 690rent f 1 , Mynachty-bach 1 721/22 Plas Llangoedrnor MS S, Mynachty bach 1 768rent Crosswood, Fynachdy 1 789PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Mynachdy 1 792PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Mynachty 1 808 S . RMeyrick p.268, Monachdy OOS 1 82 1 , Mynachdy OS1 834, Mynachdy OS 1 89 1 Nantbyr-ganol -(SN 698-708)[hn. Nantbyr(iv) (+ canol)]; [nant , b1r' isa A Jones] Nantbyr canoL Nantbyrcanol 1 844TMS, Nantybircinol 1 867 Crosswood Add MSS, Nant-byr-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Nant-byr-isaf OS 1 982, Nantbyr ganoL 'now' Nantbyr isaf, Nantbyr canol 1 988 Barcud n. 1 20 Nantbyr-isa -(SN 697-708) [hn. Nantbyr(iv) ( + isaf)] ; Nant Bir issa 1 755 Crosswood MSS, Nantbir issa 1 756 Crosswood MSS , Nantbir issa 1 78 1 sur map, Nant Byr isaf OOS 1 82 1 , Nant-byr-isaf O S 1 834 This location was inexistent by 1 844 [18441MS], and by 1 89 1 the name had been transferred to Nantbyr­ ganol. Nantbyr-ucha -(SN 700-707)[hn. Nantbyr(iv) (+ uchaf)] ; [nant,bir'�xa A. Jones, ma·r,nant'brrz (coll.) M 0. Jones] Nant Bir 1 577rent £ 48, Nant Byrr 1 603-25 T.LJ.Jones ( 1 955) p. l 05, Nant Birr 1 689/90 Crosswood MSS, Nant Byrr 1 725/26 Crosswood MSS, Nantbir ycha 1 755 Crosswood MSS, Nantbyr 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Nant Byr uchaf OOS 1 82 1 , Nant-byr-uchaf O S 1 834, Nant Byr 1 844TMS, Nant-byr-isaf OS 1 89 1 The stream that runs nearby i s over 2krn i n length, which makes it longer than the usual Cardiganshire 'short stream' - viz. Nantbyr or Nantcwta. It was probably so termed in opposition to Nant-y-tarw Sychnant. Pantclyd -(SN 709-695) [pant + clyd] ; [paiJ'kli:d I. Davies] Pant-clyd OS 1 891 Pant-y-ffynnon -(SN 704- 691 )[pant + y + ffynnon] ; Pant-y-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 Pant-yr-herber -(SN 702-702)[pant + yr + herber]; [p:mt�r'herber A Jones] Pantyrherber 1 820PR Gwnnwys, Pant yr Herber OS 1 834, Pantyrherbert 1 83 1 PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Pantyrherber 1 844TMS, Pen-y-lon OS 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 988 Barcud n. 1 20, Pantyrheber 1 988 Barcud n. 120 In ruins (OS1904). There was a tendency to reanalyse herber as the pn. Herbert (c£ Brynherbert, 49-a) . In the case of this particular place there was an old man named James Herbert living in Pant-yr-herber about 1 850 [ 1 988 Barcud: 120]. Pantllefrith -(SN 700-682)[pant + y + llefrith] ; [pant'levr18, now li:s'te:g A Jones, H:s'te:g M 0. Jones] �

842

(57) MYFENYDD Pant-y-llefrith 1 83 0PR Ystradmeurig, Pant-y-llefrith 1 834PR Ystradmeurig, Pantyllefrith 1 839TMS, Pantllefrith 1 847PR Ystradmeurig, Tynygraig als. Pantllefrith (sic) 1 866PR Ystradmeurig, Llys Teg OS1 982 Pant-teg -(SN 700-683)[pant + teg]; [pant'te:g M Owen, pant'e:g A Jones] Panteg OS 1 982 Penbont -(SN 684-710)[pen + y + pont]; Tyr Pen y Bont 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Pen Pont Llanavan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Penybont 1 7002fz Llidiardau MSS box 4/1/47, Pen-y-bont Llanafan 1 803map J. Singer, Pen y Bont OOS 1 82 1 , Penbont 1 823PR Llanafan, Pen-y-bont OS1 834, Penbont 1 844TMS Llanilar, Pen-y-bont OS 1 891 Penbont-fach -(SN 687-713)[pen + y + bont (+ bach)] ; [pemb:mt'va:x, pemb:lnt'ge:t A Jones] Penybontfach 1 844TMS, Pen-y-bont OS1 891 Penbwlch -(SN 684-686)[pen + y + bwlch]; [pen'bulz A Jones] Pen-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 Penderlwyn-goch -(SN 689-693) [pen + y + derw + llwyn ( + coch)]; [pen,derlun'go:z M. Owen, A Jones] Pen Derllwyn Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Penderlwyngoch 1 828PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Pen-y-derllwyn-goch OS 1 834, Penderlwyn 1 83 3PR Gwnnwys, Penderlwyngoch 1 844TMS, Pen-y-derlwyn-goch OS1 891 See sub Penderlwyn-wen (57-a). Penderlwyn-wen -(SN 692-689)[pen + y + derw + llwyn (+ gwen)] ; [pen,derlun'wen M. Owen, A Jones] Penderwlwyn Wen 1 803map J. Singer, Penderlwynwen 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Pen Derllwyn Wen OOS 1 821 , Pen-y-derllwyn-wen OS1 834, Pen Derlwyn Wen 1 844TMS, Pen-y-derlwyn-wen OS1 891 That the colours coch and gwen are specifiers of the two Penderlwyn rather than directly descriptive is vouched for by their lenition, as well as the feminine form gwen, which could not be applied to otherwise masculine derlwyn. The colours could refer to either the soil of the respective holdings or to that of the houses at a certain time. Pengelli -(SN 695-697)[pen + y + celli]; [peg'gcli A Jones] Pengelly 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Pen y Gelli OOS 1 82 1 , Pengelly 1 844TMS, Pen-y-gelli O S 1 891 Pengraig-isa -(SN 707-678) [pen + y + craig (+ isaf)]; [peggrajg'isav M. 0. Jones] Penygraig 1 690rent £ 5, Pen-y-graig 1 813PR Ystradmeurig, Pengraig 1 837PR Gwnnwys, Pen-y-graig­ isaf OS 1 89 1 , Pencreigiau (coli.) 1 980 Barcud n.44 Pengraig-lan -(SN 706-678)[pen + y + craig (+ i + glan)] ; [peggrajg'lan M Edwards] Pengraiglan OS 1 982 b.c. 1 930s, on top of an ascent [inf. M. Edwards]; cf Cros-lan (13-a), Pentre-lan (3 1-a). Pengraig-ucha -(SN 708-679)[pen + y + craig (+ uchaf)] ; [peggrajg'i:x,av M. 0. Jones] Pen-y-graig-uchaf OS 1 891 Penlan -(SN 683-698)[pen + y + glan]; [pen'lan A Jones, penlan'gunus, pelan'gunos M. Owen] Penlan OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-'lan OS1 834, Penlan ucha 1 83 5PR Gwnnwys, Penlan 1 844TMS, Pen-lan OS 1 89 1 , Penlan Gwnnws OS 1982 Penlan-fach -(SN 684-702) [pen + y + glan (+ bach)t [pelan'va:x, pela'va:x A Jones] Penlanissa 1 8 14PR Gwnnwys, Penlan issa 1 820PR Gwnnwys, Penlan OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-Ian OS1 834, Pen­ lan-rach OS1 891 Penllain -(SN 700-702)[pen + y + ? llain]; Penllan cott. 1 844TMS, Pen-llain OS 1 89 1 , Penllan 1 988 Barcud n. l 20 This may contain !!an rather than !lain. Penllyn -(SN 71 1 -692)[pen + y + llyn] ; Tan-llyn 08 1 834, Pen-llyn OS 1 89 1 Penpompren -(SN 694-686)[pen + y + pompren] ; [pem'p:lmpren A Jones, pen'b:lmpren M. 0 . Jones] Pen y Pompren 1 721/22 Crosswood MSS, Pen y Pompren 1 760CF, Penpompren 1 764 Crosswood MSS , Penpompren 1 833PR Gwnnwys, Pen�y-bontbren OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-bontbren (sic) OS 1 904 Pentre -(SN 683-693)[pentref]; [pentre A Jones, pentre'gonus M Owen] Glas Deyley 1 647 Crosswood MSS, Glasteyley als. Pentre 1 656/57 Crosswood MSS, Glas y Teile 1 659/60 Crosswood MSS, Clas y Tile 1 660 Crosswood MSS, Glas y Tile 1 669 Crosswood MSS, Pentre c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Glass y Teile 1 725/26 Crosswood MSS, Glase y Tyle 1725/26 Crosswood MS S, Pant y Ddaffadd (sic loc.) OOS 1 821, Pentre als. Glastile 1 826PR Gwnnwys, Pentre OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Gwnnws 1 967 E.Jones p. 3 5 843

(57) MYFENYDD The alias of this name is that of nearby Glasteilau (54-a), possibly they were one holding at one time, or Pentre acquired part of the land of Glasteilau, leading to them being made equivalent in some documents; see Pantddafad (54-a). Pigyn -(SN 7 1 2-690)[pigyn] ; [pigm J. Richards] Picyn als. Pen y Bank 1 872PR Ystradmeurig, Pigyn 081 891 Cf Picynsych (68-a), Carreg Tj;-pw (50-b). Rhydgaled -(SN 694-686)[rhyd + caled] ; [hri:d'galed A. Jones, M. 0. Jones] Rhyd-galed (B. H. ) OS 1 891 Rhydgoch -(SN 689-682) [rhyd + coch]; [hri:d'go::x, A. Jones, M Owen] Rhydgoch c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Rhydgoch 1 83 4PR Lledrod, Rhyd-goch OS 1 89 1 Strata -(SN 7 1 0-672)[L.tn. Strata [Florida] ] ; i Orsaf Ystradffiur 1 9 1 8 Geninen vol. 36 p.45, Gorsaf Strata Florida 1 946 T.Beynon p. 5 1 , Steshon Strata 1 986 W. J. Gruffydd p. 1 3 This was the name given to the station near Ystradmeurig, because of the presence in the area of Ystradfjlur (34-a) in the neighbourhood. The Latin name Strata Florida was a partially correct translation of Ystradfflur (34-a), attested since the foundation of the monastery in the twelfth century; there were extensive archaeological excavations at Ystradfflur in the late 1 8 80s [ 1888 s. w. Williams: v-vi] that may have again brought Strata Florida into vogue locally. Talfryn -(SN 706-699)[tal + bryn] ; [talvrm A. Jones, M. 0. Jones] Talfryn 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Talfrin 1 844TMS, Talfryn OS 1 89 1 , Tal-fryn 0S 1 904 Tancnwch -(SN 71 7-684) [tan + y + cnwch] ; [taiJ'knu::x, M. 0. Jones] Tyncnwch 1 83 9PR Ystradmeurig, Tanycnwch 1 839TMS, Tancnwch 1 852PR Ystradmeurig, Tan-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Tan-cnwch OS 1 904 Tandre -(SN 703-676)[tan + y + tref] ; [tan'dre: M. Edwards] Tan y Dref 1 906 Cymru vol. 3 1 p. 282, Tan-dre 1 986 W.J. Gruffydd p. 84, Tandre (sign) Tangraig -(SN 702-683)[tan + y + craig] ; [tag'grajg A. Jones, M. Owen, M 0. Jones] Tan y Graig 1 803map J. Singer, Tanygraig 1 809PR Ystradmeurig, Pare y Graig (sic) 008 1 82 1 , Tanygraig 1 83 9TMS, Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1 Tegfryn -(SN 690-702)[teg + bryn] ; Tegfryn OS 1 982 Trefriw-fach -(SN 692-698)[tref + rhiw (+ bach)] ; [treviW'va::x, M. Owen] Tythin issa 'at a place called' Tir Trevrywe als. Pant y Tarw 1 6 1 1 Crosswood MSS, Trefriw fach 1 803map J. Singer, Tref-rhiw-fach OS 1 834, Trefriw fach 1 844TMS, Trefriw-rach 08 1 89 1 Trefriw-fawr -(SN 689-702)[tref + rhiw (+ mawr)] ; [treviW M Owen, E. Evans, treviW'vawr M . 0. Jones, (c) hriW'treviW E. M. Lewis] Trebrith ? 1 1 84(1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Treftbryn ? 1 202(1 336) cart. Ystradffiur, Trefunwe ? 1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tythin ucha 'at a place called' Tir Trevrywe als. Pant y Tarw 161 1 Crosswood MSS, Trefrw ycha 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Tythin canoll (prox. ), Trefriw 1 75 5 Crosswood MS S, Trefriew 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Trefriw ycha 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Trefriw fawr 1 803map J. Singer, Trefryu 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Trefryw 1 8 1 7PR Gwnnwys, Trefrhiw fawr 008 1 82 1 , Tref-rhiw­ fawr 081 834, Trefriw fawr 1 844TMS, (c) Rhiw Trefiw 1 922 W. A.Bebb in 1 996 RHumphreys p. 1 0 1 The second element i s possibly briw 'gash', however the location favours rhiw 'ascent'. Ty-mawr -(SN 692-694)[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mawr, old people said ti'mowr A. Jones] PO OS 1 982 Tynbedw -(SN 691 - 7 1 4)[tyddyn + y + bedw]; [trm'bedu M. 0. Jones] Tuy yn y Bedw 1 690rent f. 2, Twyn y Bedow 1 724/25 Crosswood MSS, Tynybedw 1 768rent Cross wood, Tyn y Bedw 1 78 l sur map, Tynybedw 1 8 1 7PR Gwnnwys, Tyn y Bedw 008 1 82 1 , Ty'n y Bedw 1 844TMS, Ty'n-y-bedw 0 8 1 891 Tyn-y-coed -(SN 697-695)[tyddyn + y + coed]; Tynycoed 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Ty'n-y-coed 08 1 891 Ty-newydd -(SN 699-684)[tY + newydd]; [brm'vrla M. Owen] Ty-newydd 08 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 0Sc. 1 950, Bryn Villa 081 982 Tynffordd -(SN 7 1 3 -673) [tyddyn + y + ffordd]; [tan'f:lrt5 M 0. Jones]

844

(57) MYFENYDD Tuy yn y Fforth 1 73 8 Coleman MS 1 42, Twy yn y Ffordd 1 75 1 Crosswood MS S, Ty'nyffordd 1 773 Crosswood MS S, Tynyffordd 1 808PR Ystradmeurig, Ty'n y Fford OOS 1 82 1 , Tynyffordd 1 839TMS, Tyn:ffordd 1 846PR Ystradmeurig, Ty'n-y-ffordd O S 1 891 Tyn-y-fron -(SN 688-71 0)[tyddyn + y + bron] ; Tyn y Fron 1 726 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Fron 1 753 Crosswood MSS, Tynyfron 1 768rent Crosswood, (c) Cae Tynyfron 1 844TMS TYNGRAIG -(SN 692-694)[tyddyn + y + craig] ; [tUJ'grajg M Owen, M. 0. Jones, tm'grajg E. Evans] Tudhin y Graig 1 577rent f. 43, Tithen y Graig 1 577rent £ 47, Tyddyn y Graige 1 65 1 Coleman MS 1 1 5, Tu yn y Graig 1 760map E.Bowen, Tyn-y-graig 1 803map J. Singer, Tynygraig 1 82 1 PR Gwnnwys, Ty'n-y­ graig OS 1 89 1 , Tyngraig 1 967 E.Jones p. 30 Comprising: 1) Caradog, 2) Felinban, 3) Melin Gwnnwys, 4) TY-mawr. Tynllidiard -(SN 686-687)[tyddyn + y + llidiard] ; [tm'hdjard M Owen, tm'hdjart A Jones] Ty n Llidiart 1 803map J. Singer, Tynllidiade 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Tynllidiad 1 8 1 4PR Gwnnwys, Tyn-y­ llidiad OS 1 834, Tynyllidiart 1 844TMS, Ty'n-y-llidiart OS 1 89 1 , Tynllidiart OS 1 982 Tynpompren -(SN 729-707)[tyddyn + y + pompren] ; [trm'p�mpren I. Davies] Tuy yn y Pompren 1 690rent f 1 , Tynypompren 1 82 1 PR Gwnnwys, Ty'n y Bont Bren OOS 1 821 , Tyn-y­ bontbren OS 1 834, Tynypompren 1 844TMS, Ty'n-y-pontpren OS 1 89 1 , Tynpompren 1 986 Barcud n. 1 04 Ty-ucha -(SN 7 1 0-696)[ty + uchaf] ; Ty-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Ysgol Ystradmeurig -(SN 703-476)[ysgol + tn. Ystradmeurig (57-a)] ; Ysgol Ystradmeirig >1 777 in 1 8 1 1 E.Richard p. 8 1 , The Free-school of Ystraedmeyrick 1 777 in 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. 484, Ystradmeirick Freeschool 1 7002/z Hendrefelen MSS p.62, Ystradmeiric School, The Free Grammar-school at Ystradmeiric 1 8 1 1 E.Richard p. 1 , Ystradmeirig School 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llanddewi Bref:t, Ysgol Ystrad Meurig 1 892 Cymru vol. 6 p. 1 25, Ysgol Ystradmeurig 1 898 J.Hughes p. 1 0, Ystrad Meurig College 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p. 1 90, St John's College 1 9 1 1 J. C.Davies p. l l , Ysgol Sant loan 1 963 D .Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 85, Ysgol Ystrad Meurig 1 960s n. c. (WGaz. ) in ATL, Ysgol Edward Richard 1 970 Cymro 1 1 /03/70, Ysgol Ystrad Meurig 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p. 3 8 Edward Richard started teaching at Ystradmeurig about 1 734 in his house o r in the church, though it was discontinued about 1 740 when he set himself to improve his own education in order to teach to a secondary level. The school was running in the church in 1 744, and in 1 746 he was given the charge of nearby Ysgol Swyddffynnon (56-a) and both schools were run in tandem under Edward Richard's successors. The school at Ystradmeurig was given a permanent endowment in 1 757 [ 1 934 D. G. Osborne­ Jones: 1 0-1 1 , 1 3 , 1 5, 1 7, 1 9-20; 1 970 Cymro: 1 1103170] . A purpose-built school was opened in 1 8 1 2 next to the church and the name Saint Johns College was given to it, from 1 50 students at one point the school after the establishment of Cole} Llanbedr (23-a) in 1 827 and the establishing of secondary schools in the 1 890s, by 1 957 it still had thirty-one, but this had shrunk to eleven by 1 970 ( 1 970 Cymro: 1 1/03170] . It closed in 1 972 [inf M. Edwards] . YSTRADMEURIG -(SN 703-676)[ystrad + hn. Mourig] ; [strad'm�jng T. Morgan, �strad'm�jng, �strad 'mejng J. Richards] Stradmeric 1 1 5 8-65a(1 3 08) cart. S lebech, Stramouric 1 1 48-76 in 1 946b J.C.Davies p. 282, Stradmeurig 1 23 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p.363, (ec) Strandmurick 1 2002/4 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 3 58, Strat Meuric >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Stratmeur c. 1 286 AnnCamb. (B) p.41 , Strat Meuric c. 1 286 Ann. Camb. (B) p.45, Estrat Meuric c. 1 28 8 Ann.Camb.(C) p.45, Strad Meurik 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 75, Stradmeuryk 1 300 in 1 936 M.Rhys p.93, Stratmeurouth 1 30 1 in 1 936 M.Rhys p. 1 99, (vill) Strat Meurik 1 3 01--02 ARCWW p.70, Strat Meuric 1 304 in 1 936 M.Rhys p.294, Stramenric 1 3 3 8 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p.3 58, Ystrad Meuryc 1 3002/4 BT(Pen.20) p. 69, Ystrat Meuruc 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p. 92, Ystrat Meuryc 1 30()4/4 BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 30, Castell Ystrat Meuryc 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p. l l 6, Ystrat Meuric c. 1 475 BS p. 1 3 0, Ystrad Meyryc c. 1 566EPC, Istradmyrik 1 578map C.Saxton, Stradrneurie c. 1 600 Slebech MS 247 in 1 948 B. G. Charles p. 1 94, Isradmericke 1 61 0 Crosswood MSS, Strata Merrick 1 632 Crosswood MSS, lstrat Meiricke 1 63 3 Crosswood MSS, Ystrad Meiricke als. Spytty Evan 1 649 Crosswood MS S, Ystrad Myricke 1 670 in 1 96 1 NLWJ vol. 1 2 p. 406, Sputty Ystrad Mericke 1 673 Crosswood MS S, Ystrad Merick als. Ystradmerick 1 675/76 Crosswood MSS, Istrad Meirick 1 684 Hendrefelen MSS, Ystrad Moirick 1 690rent £ 23 , Ystread 1 721 E.Saunders pp. 1 3 4-37, Spytty Ystrad Meyrick 1 72 1 Crosswood MS S, Ystrad Meirick 1 721/22 Plas Llangoedrnor MSS, Sputty Esdradmeirick 845

(57) MYFENYDD 1 734 Crosswood MSS, (vill) Ytradmeiric 1 75 1 Hendrefelen MS S, Meirick 1 75 5 Crosswood MSS, Ystrad Meirig 1 756a L.Morris f. l 3, Ystrad Meurig 1 75 6a L.Morris f. 1 5, Ystraed Myrick 1 760map E.Bowen, (p) Spytty Ystradmeirick 1 760CF, Ystrad Myrick 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Ystraed Meyrick 1 767 Hendrefelen MSS, Ystrad Meirig 1 787 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 784, Ystrad Meyrick 1 79 1 sur map, Ystradmeirick 1 796PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ystrad Meurig 1 799EPC, Ystrad Meyric 1 803map J. Singer, Ystrad Meiric 1 806PR Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Spytty Ystradmeirig 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 268, (pn.) Ned o'r Dre 1 8 1 1 E.Richard p. 38, Ystrad Meyric OOS 1 821 , Ystrad Meyric, Capel Ieuan O S 1 834, Ystradmeiric 1 8 3 1PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ystrad-meurig, St. John the Baptist's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ystrad Meurig 0Sc. 1 950 It is the removal of the castle - probably in the twelfth century - that transferred the name Ystradmeurig to the present site which is neither on the banks of the river Meurig, nor a site suited to the description ystrad. The original Ystradmeurig was at Domen (58-b) on the banks of the river Meurig, some 1 . 6km E of the present site, and there may have been an earlier religious establishment of Ystradmeurig in that vicinity, of which the hill named Bryncape! (58-b) may be its only existing commemoration. A Gwaun Ystradmeurig (SN 71 -28, Llangadog, Carms.) is about 1 krn from fortifications called Castellmeurig, there seems not to have been a river Meurig in that vicinity, so that a connection between that name and the Cardiganshire Ystradmeurig is possible. Ystradmeurig described as ville [ 1 301-02 ARCWW: 70] . "The village of Ystradmeiric had formerly, it seems, the privilege of a corporation-town; some remains of which have continued till of late years, and even unto the present time, such as the right of holding a fair and exacting tolls, of electing a mayor, and of imprisonment. The adjoining castle, though erected by the Normans, was soon taken by the princes of South Wales; and sons of the Lord Rhys even lived for some time at this castle. Hence it is natural to conceive that they granted the above privileges to the inhabitants. " [ 1 8 1 1 E. Richard: 38-39]. Fair on the feast of Saint John the Baptist [1 300 in 1 936 M. Rhys: 93] ; half of the proceeds of the fair to the King and half to the Hospitallers of Slebech ( 1304 in 1 936 M. Rhys: 294) ; Ffair 'Liwan [ 1 906 Genedl Gymreig: 1 5/04/06] ; Ffair Liwan als. Ffair Gwyl !wan yr Haf [ 1 930 J. E. J. Jones: 103] ; Ffair Liwan (Gwyl !wan) = gwyl Ifan yr haf [ 1 972 E. Jones: 55] . Church " . . . bellach yn adfeilion, ac ni bu gwasanaeth crefyddol ynddi er ys tua hanner canrif . . . gosododd rhagflaenydd y prifathraw presennol do llechau ar yr eglwys o gywilydd oblegid yr olwg resynus oedd arni. " [1893 Cymru: 4. 1 77]. The ancient early­ English church of St. John the Baptist was taken down, and a new church rebuilt in 1 899 [ c. 1 902 E. R Horsfall-Turner: 3 5]. Comprising: 1 ) Bronmeurig, 2) Ficrej, 3) Henblas, 4) Mabwys, 5) Tandre, 6) Ysgo1 Ystradmeurig. geonyms Bane Geufron -(SN 7 1 9-709)[banc + tn. Geufron (57-a)]; Bane Hadau 1 844TMS, Bane y Geufron OS1 891 Bane Penresgair -(SN 700-704)[banc + pen + yr + esgairL Bane Pen'r Esgair 1 844TMS Bwlehgwlyb -(SN 71 1 -694) [bwlch + gwlyb] ; Bwlchglib 1 839TMS Carreg-y-bryn -(SN 697-685)[carreg + y + bryn] ; Carreg-y-bryn 1 8 1 3PR Ystradmeurig, Carreg y Bryn 1 839TMS, Carregbryn { under } 1 856PR Ystradmeurig C£ Bryn-bach (57-a). Carregsamson -(SN 726-71 3)[carreg + pn. Samson]; Carreg Samson ?? 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2 p. 1 38, Garreg Samson 1 991 Ddolen n. 1 40 In 1 93 4 was reported as being 70yds E of the ford on s side of the lane, but by late 1 980s was on the N side of the lane [1 993 J. c. Grooms: 222]. In 1 93 4 A J. Sansbury noted that " Saint Samson used the stone to play quoits. " [ 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 222]; cf Carregsamson (59-b). The Carregsamson near Ystradmeurig (57-a) was reported to be a "slab with a horseshoe embedded" [ 1 833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 2.1 38]. Castell Ystradmeurig -(SN 702-675)[castell + tn. Ystradmeurig (57-a)]; Castell Ystrat Mevric c. 1 475 BS p. 1 46, Kastell Meurig c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 87, Castell OOS 1 82 1 , Castell OS 1 834, Castle, (c) Cae'r CastelL (c103) Pengar (prox. ) 1 839TMS, Castell (site of) OS 1 89 1 Probably built i n the twelfth century a s a replacement for the original castle named Ystradmeurig, now known as Domen (58-b). A keep is the only remaining part [ 1808 s. R Meyrick: 3 10]; "Dylwn . . . roi ychydig o 846

(57) MYFENYDD banes castell Ystradmeurig, er nad oes yn awr ddim olion o hono yn aros; mae'r cerrig oeddynt i'w gweld ddechreu'r ganrif hon [ c. 1 800] wedi eu symud i adeiladu tai perthynol i'r Henblas . . . " [1893 Cynuu: 4.49] ; This is the only castle in Cardiganshire that was built of stone, excepting Castell Aberystwyth (65-a) and Castell Aberteifi (1-a) [ 1 955 W. J. Lewis: 12 ]. Cnwch(i) -(SN 71 6-686)(Tancnwch) [cnwch] ; Cnwch OS 1 834, Cnwch 1 83 9TMS, Coed Tan-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Coed Tan-cnwch OS 1 904 Cnwch ( ii) -(SN 71 7-71 5)(Cilmeddy)[ cnwch] ; [kwa'reli I. Davies] Cnwch, Slate Quarry 1 844TMS A quarry for slate (slats) [inf. I. Davies] . Cors Bwlch-y-baedd -(SN 709-699)[ cors + tn. Bwlch-y-baedd (57-a)] ; [g:>rs,bolza'ba:() I. Davies] Cors Bwlch y Baedd 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL 1 1 Craigrogo -(SN 701 -7 1 5)[craig + yr + ogof] ; [krajga'rog � I. Davies] Craig'r-ogof OS 1 834, Craig yr Ogof 1 844TMS, Craig-yr-ogof OS 1 89 1 Crip-y-gath -(SN 705-686)[crip + y + cath] ; [knpa'ga:e M 0. Jones] The Rock of Ystradmeiric 1 75 1 Hendrefelen MS S, Craig Ystrad-meurig OS 1 89 1 Cwarel Ystradmeurig -(SN 701 -680)[cwarel + tn. Ystradmeurig (57-a)]; [kwarel,astrad'mejng M . 0. Jones, E . & E. Edwards, kwar,astrad'mejng M . Owen] Chwarel Ystrad-Meurig OS 1 8 9 1 Cwmffrwd -(SN 682-702)[ cwm + y + ffrwd]; Cwm Ffrwd OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Ffrwd OS 1 982 Theffrwd refers to the waterfalls at SN 681 -700; cf Cwmjfrwd (57-a). Drosgl -(SN 708-695)[y + trosgl] ; Drysgol 1 844TMS, Drosgol OS 1 89 1 Drosgl-fach - ( S N 706-692)[y + trosgl (+ bach)] ; Triscol fach 1 844TMS Esgair -(SN 7 1 7-703) [esgair] ; Esgair 1 844TMS Fedw -(SN 72 1 -7 14) [y + bedw] ; [vedu I. Davies] Fedw OS1 891 Ffriwlwyd -(SN 709-687)[ffriw + llwyd] ; [flowrud M Edwards, flurod inf. ] 'entrenchment called' Friwlwyd 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p.304, Ffrwlwyd OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-ffriw-llwyd OS 1 83 4, Pen y Frwlwyd, Frwlwyd 1 83 9TMS, Friwllwyd 'lofty hill, vestiges of Roman entrenchment' 1 83 3 S. Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2 p.442, Ffrywlwyd 1 852PR Ystradmeurig, Pen y Ffrwd-llWyd, Camp (remains of) O S 1 89 1 Another Ffriwlwyd (Llanystumdwy, Caerns . ), Ffriwlid 1 69 1 , had been reanalysed a s Ffriddlwyd, though in 1 939 " . . . a few people still remember it as Ffriwlyd. " [ 1 939 C. A Gresham: 1 32-33]. Though.ffriw referred to 'face, head, countenance, appearance, aspect' by late MW. at the latest [GPC s.v. ffriw] , I. Williams [1935: 190] convincingly demonstrates that 'snout' was the original meaning of.f/riw (cf B . fri 'nose'), and that its use for 'headland' was comparable to the use of pen, tal, and trwyn in toponymy, and to which he compared Bochlwyd (Nantffrancon, Caerns. ). The meaning ascribed the compound wordffriwlwyd in GPC in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (viz 'grey- I pale-faced') is difficult to accept for the toponyms. Though Ffriwlwyd here is the name of an entrenchment, I believe it originally referred to the spur upon which the entrenchment is situated. By the late nineteenth century an attempt was made to reanalyse the name as Ffrwdlwyd, but the form of the name in the local pronunciation flowrod shows that any meaning had been lost from the name. Graig-goch -(SN 708-71 6)[y + craig + coch] ; Craig Goch 1 844TMS Maengwyn -(SN 686-688)[maen + gwyn] ; Tythin Brin-maire als. Llech Gwnnws ? 1 637 Crosswood MS S, Maengwyn OS 1 834, Maen Gwyn OS 1 89 1 This was a quartz monolith [1 972 CER: 7.43], hence the qualifier gwyn 'white'. E . Lhuyd [c.1 700: 3.4] reported a stone called Maen Hir in Gwnnwys parish, which tradition reported was near the site of a battle.

847

(57) MYFENYDD Mynydd-bach Llanwnnwys -(SN 71 2-707) [mynydd + bach + tn. Llanwnnwys] ; [ m�m6 ba:z I. Davies, J. Richards, m�m6'di: I. Davies, J. Richards] 'common' Mynydd bach 1 756 L.Morris f. 3 0, Mynydd bach Llanwnws OS 1 834, Mynidd bach Llanwnws 1 844TMS, Mynydd bach OS 1 89 1 , Mynydd bach 0Sc. 1 950 Llanwnnwys is an alias of Gwnnwys (57-a). On the Tyngraig side it was known as Mynydd-du, whilst on the Ysbyty Ystwyth side it was known as Mynydd-bach [inf I. Davies] . According to another informant [inf J. Richards] , they were names of different pieces of mountain-land separated by a track running behind Hendre-felen (58-a), which does not wholly contradict the names of the same mountain being different on the eastern and western sides. If both names refer to the same mountain, the use of Mynydd-du at Tyngraig, may reflect the wish to distinguish this particular mountain from the other Mynydd-bach some 5km to the sw. Penpegwns -(SN 7 1 3-703)(pen + y + pegwns] ; Pen Pigwns OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-pegwns OS 1 834, Graig Bwll l 844TMS Pwllcaradog -(SN 692-695)[pwll + pn. Caradog] ; [ka,rad:>g 'fo:lz A Jones, M Owen] Cradoc's Pool c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Pwyll Caradog 1 808 S.RMeyrick p . 3 04, Pwll Caradog 1 868 Haul p. 245, Pwll Caradog OS 1 89 1 , Pwll Caradog c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 3 5 The term pwll is quite often extended t o the waterfall above the pool, e.g. Pwll y Cwn, ' a fall of considerable height' (Llanelli, Brees.) [ 1 81 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Llan Elly] ; Pwll-y-Foelfraith (32-b). Pynfarchau -(SN 726-712)[pynfarchau] ; [pen'varze I. Davies] Pynfarchau Wood OS 1 89 1 A traditional explanation is pen fforchau a s it lies i n the fork o f two streams [inf I . Davies ] , however, the termpynfarchau refers to 'leats', no doubt those which fed Rhenfelin (59-a) below. Talpyncoch -(SN 7 1 0-667)[talpyn + coch] ; Talpin Coch 1 839TMS '

848

(58) MYFENYDD GWNNWYS-UCHA Albion -(SN 74 1 -680) [E.tn. Albion]; [albj:m'haws W. Owen] Albion OS 1 982 A Capten Williams, manager of Gwaith Esgairmwyn (58-a) lived here [1 986 w. J. GruffYdd: 7]. Blac-leion -(SN 73 0-665)[E. black + lion] ; [blak'lej�n E. & E. Edwards] Blac Leion 1 986 W.J. Gruffydd p. 56 Blaenpentre -(SN (ii)743-678)[blaen + y + pentref] ; [blajn'pentre W. Owen] Blaenpentre 1 844TMS, Blaenpentre OS 1 891 i) SN 742-679. 1 844. ii) SN 743-678. 1 89 1 . The original name of this site was (c244) Cae canol [ 1 8441MS] . Blaen-tir -(SN 756-684)[blaen-tir] ; [blajn'ti:r J. Richards] Blaen T'rr 1 848PR Ystradmeurig, Blaen-tir OS 1 89 1 Blaenwaun -(SN 7 5 1 -690)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [blajn'wejn T . Griffths] Blaen y Wain 1 836PR Gwnnwys, Blaen-waen OS1 89 1 I n ruins [o s 1 904]. Bog -(SN 752-700)[E. bog]; [b�g T. Griffiths, J. Richards, a'b�g I. Davies] Bog 1 8 1 7PR Gwnnwys, Bog OOS 1 82 1 , Bogg 1 8 1 9PR Gwnnwys, Bog 1 821PR Gwnnwys, Bog OS 1 834, Bog 1 844TMS, Bog O S1 89 1 , (pn.) Die y Bog 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 83 Borough Gate -(SN 736-678)[E. borough + gate] ; [b�r�'ge:t, now mina'rawel J. Richards] Crow Borough Gate O S 1 89 1 , Borough Gate 0Sc. 1 950, Bwlchgwynt (sic loc.) OS1 982 See Bwlchgwynt (58-a). Bronberllan -(SN 746-662)[bron + y + perllan] ; [bram'berlan T. Morgan, br�n'berlan J. Richards] Bron y Berglam 1 577rent £ 40, Bryn Berthlan 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones (1 955) p. 68, Bronberllan 1 6 1 81 9rent, Bron y Berllan 1 636/37 Crosswood MSS , Bron y Berllan 1 753map E.J.Eyre, Fronberllan 1 8 1 3PR Gwnnwys, Bronberllan 1 8 1 6PR Gwnnwys, Bronberllan 1 8 1 8sur map, Bron Berllan OOS 1 82 1 , Bron-y­ berllan OS 1 89 1 , Bronberllan 1 963 W.Jones-Edwards p. 3 9 Bryncorun -(SN 764-694)[bryn + y + corun] ; [brm'k�rm W . Owen, bran'k�rm, br1'k�rm J . Richards] Bryn-coryn OS 1 891, Bryncoryn 1 963 W. Jones-Edwards p.55, Bryn Corun OS 1 982 It is impossible to differentiate corun 'crown (of head); tonsure' and corryn 'spider', though the former does seem likelier. As it is the highest low hill before reaching the mountainland's main ramparts the meaning of corun may be 'top, summit', though it could also - for some reason to do with vegetation have been viewed as a tonsured hill; my favoured explanation is that corun here represents the pommel of a saddle (W. corun cyff1;1Jy [ GPC s.v. corun]) as it lies at the western end of a ridge that could be compared to the pommel of a saddle, the ridge itself is named Esgairddu (58-b); cf Strodur (New Moat) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 43 2 ], and the numerous examples of cyfrwy referring to topographic features. Brynreithin -(SN 745-677)[bryn + yr + eithin]; [brm'rejem W. Owen] Bryn'r Eithin 1 844TMS, Bryn-yr-eithin OS 1 89 1 , Rock Villa OS 1 904, Rock Villa, 'now' Bryneithin 1 986 W.J. Gruffydd p. 1 1 Brynglas -(SN 763 -687)[bryn + glas] ; [bruJ'gla:s W. Owen] Bryn-gliis O S 1 891, Brynglas 1 963 W. Jones-Edwards p. 5 5 Bryn-yr-oerfa -(SN 756-680) [bryn + yr + oerfa] ; Bryn yr Orfa 1 844TMS Brynrhosog -(SN 750-678) [bryn + rhosog] ; [brm'hr�s�g W. Owen] Brynrhosog 1 829PR Gwnnwys, Bryn yr Hos 1 844TMS, Bryn-rhosog OS 1 89 1 Bwlchgwynt -(SN 73 5-678)[bwlch + y + gwynt] ; [bultgwmt J . Richards] Bwlch y Gwynt 1 844TMS, Bwlch-y-gwynt OS 1 89 1 , Minawel (sic loc. ) OS 1 982 See Borough Gate (58-a). Cae-Madog -(SN 753-663)[cae + pn. Madog]; [ka:'mad�g T. Morgan, E. & E. Edwards, (c) ko:d,ka'mad�g W. Owen] Lan Madok 1 577rent £45, Cae Madog 1 783PR Gwnnwys, Ca Madock, Cae Madog 1 8 1 8sur map, Cae Madog OOS 1 821 , Cae-madog OS 1 834, Cae-madog OS1 891 Cae-mawr -(SN 758-664)[cae + mawr] ; [ka:'mowr W. Owen, kamawr'nesa, kamawr'pcla, ti'd3�n J. Richards] 849

(58) MYFENYDD Lan mawr 1 577rent £45, Ka maure 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones (1 955) p.68, Kae mawr 1 648 Crosswood MSS, Cae mawr 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Cae mawr 1 690rent £ 2, Cae mawre 1 73 8 in 1 91 3 L.E.Ll.Theakston & J.Davies p. 64, Caemmawre 1 738 Coleman MS 1 42, Caemawr 1 768rent Crosswood, Kae mawr 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Cae mawr OOS 1 82 1 , Cae-mawr OS1 891 , Caemawr isaf (prox. , on Troedrhiw land) 1 974 J.RJones p.98 Comprised three houses [inf J. Richards] . Caersalem -(SN 745-680)[Bibl.tn. Caersalem] ; Sunday School OS 1 904, Caersalem 'milltir o Ffair-rhos ym' .rvthantfagwrnen 1 963 W.Jones-Edwards p.2, 'Sgoldy Caersalem 1 986 W.J. Gruffydd p. 30 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [08189 1 ; 081904] ; a schoolhouse [ 1 963 W. Jones-Edwards: 22] ; denom. B. Carmel (SN 730-668)[Bibl.tn. Carmel]; [kapel'bapbs E. & E. Edwards] Carmel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 549, Baptist Chapel (Particular) OS 1 89 1 , Pontrhydvendigaid, (Carmel) c. 1 902 E.Horsfall-Turner p.28 1 , Carmel Chapel OS 1 904, Capel Carmel 1 984 CN 2 1 /09/84 p.22 b. 1 834-37 [ 1 85 1 Re1 cens . : 549; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 281 ; 1 934 Canm. Carmel: 1 5; 1 984 CN 2 1/09/84: 22; 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 149] ; b. 1 872 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 281 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 49] ; denom. B. Castell -(SN 754-700)[ castell] ; Castell OS 1 834, Castell OS 1 891 No apparent remains of fortifications. Cefnmourig -(SN 725-679) [cefn + hn. Mourig] ; [keven'mJjrig, keven'mejng J. Richards] Keuen Moyrick 1 690rent f2, Rhandir Ceven Meirig c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Cefn Meirig 1 753map E.J.Eyre, Cefen Meirick 1 755 Crosswood MSS, Ceven Meirig 1 768rent Crosswood, Cefen Meyrig 1 778 Crosswood MS S, Cefen Meuryg 1 783PR Ystradfflur, Cefn Meyric OOS 1 821, Cefen Meuric 1 822PR Gwnnwys, Cefn Meyric OS1 834, Cefn Mourig 1 842TMS Ysbyty Ystwyth, Cefn-Meurig OS1 891 See Cejngaer-ucha (34-a). Cilfachrhew -(SN 748-692)[ cilfach + y + rhew]; [grlvaX'hrew W. Owen, g rlvaz'rew T. Griffiths, grlvaz�'hrew I. Davies] Cilfach y Rhew 1753map E.J.Eyre, Kilfachrhew 1 8 1 6PR Gwnnwys, Cilfachrhew 1 821PR Gwnnwys, Gilfach'r Heol OS 1 834, Gilfachyrhew 1 844TMS, Cilfach-yr-heol OS 1 89 1 , Cilfach-y-rhew OS 1 904 Claerddu -(SN 792-686)[hn. Claerddu]; [kler1 246( 1 33 6) cart. Ystradfllur, (pn.) Tawlogev mab Llut ? c. 1 250 BBC p.42, Dwe Tafllogeb (coil.) >1 282( 1 425) cart.Ystradffiur, Killogen 1 63 5 Crosswood MSS, Dol Dologe 1 659/60 Crosswood MS S, Killogin 1 690rent £20, Taloge 1 690rent f 1 0, Duloge 1 768rent Crosswood, Dylogeu 1 784PR Eglwys-newydd, Dylogeu fach (prox.) 1 789PR Eglwys-newydd, Tylogau 1 821PR Eglwys-newydd, Dol­ logau OS 1 834, Tyloge 1 842TMS, Dologau OS 1 89 1 , Dyloge 1 899 Cymru vo1. 1 7 p. 1 05 Tajlogau, as we can see from the earliest sources was a river-name, doubtlessly the present Nantcau(i) (d). The reference to Dwe Ta.fflogeb of >1 282 leads us to believe that there were two streams named Tajlogau, just possibly Nantffin to the west, which might explain the name Logau-las attested since at least the eighteenth century, for an area 1 km w of Nantffin - the -las would be a colour specifier, for that particular stream, see sub Aeron-ddu als. Afonddu(ii) (d). However, it should be kept in mind that Logau­ las is nearly 3km WSW of Talogau. " Taflogau is not known elsewhere as a personal name, . . . If we recognize however, that some of the personal names in the stanzas of the graves are, like Epynt, eponyms derived from the names of natural features, . . . Taflogau is the old form of the name of the stream, now called Dologau (sic), which joins the Ystwyth near Hafod Uchdryd . . . Another stream, once known by the same name, but now called Logau Las, runs into the Ystwyth above Pont-rhyd-y-groes." [ 1 967 T. Jones: 109-1 0] . The forms of 1 635 and 1 690 may represent an attempt at a popular etymology for sW. ceilogyn; for tal- -+ dol- c£ Dolachddu (SN 76-42, Cil-y-cwm, Carms.), probably from * Talachddu. The forms of 1 63 5 and 1 690 seem t o have a reanalysis of the name as ceiliogyn 'cockerel'. Tancwarel -(SN 797-739) [tan + y + cwarel]; [tag'kwarel T. Griffiths] Tan y Quarry 1 844TMS, Tan-y-chwarel OS 1 89 1 Tan-y-ffordd(i) -(SN 7 3 5-71 8)(Nant-y-berws)[tan y + ffordd] ; Tanyffordd 1 842TMS Tan-y-ffordd(ii) -(SN 738-723)(Pont Rhyd-y-groes)[tan + y + ffordd] ; [hzb�rn I. Davies] Tanyffoedd ? 1 83 1 PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tarry Ffordd 1 83 8PR Eglwys-newydd, Tanyffordd 1 842TMS , Lisburne Arms (P.H.) OS 1 891 Tangraig(i) -(SN 741 -723)(Logau-las)[tan + y + craig] ; Tanygrig 1 842TMS, Tan-y-graig 08 1 89 1 , Tangraig 1 902 Crosswood Add MSS Tan-y-graig(ii) -(SN 73 8-71 3)(Pont Rhyd-y-groes) [tan + y + craig] ; Tanygraig 1 83 2PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tan y Graig 1 842TMS Tan-y-gro -(SN 73 8-714) [tan + y + gro] ; [tan�'gro: I. Davies] Tanygro 1 875sur. landowners p. 6, Tan-y-gro OS1 891 Tan-y-llyn -(SN 742-7 1 8)[tan + y + llyn]; [brm'h�vnd I. Davies] Pengwaith 1 842TMS, Tan-y-llyn OS 1 8 9 1 Troedrhiw(i) -(SN 733-703)(Penlan-fach) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 89 1 '

874

(59) MYFENYDD Troedrhiw(ii) -(SN 743 -724)(Logau-las) [troed + y + rhiw] ; [trod'hriw I. Davies] Troedyrhiw 1 836PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Troedyrhiw 1 842TMS, Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiw 1 990 CN 3 0/1 1/1 990 Ty-bach -(SN 740-727)[tY + bach] ; Ty bach ? 1 722 Crosswood MSS, Ty bach 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Ty-bach 1 823PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ty bach 1 842TMS Tyburn -(SN 734-706)[E.tn. Tyburn (London)]; [tajb;:>rn I. Davies, tejborn ? inf ] Tibwrn 1 824PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tyburn, Tiburn 1 842TMS, T[ ]burn 1 845PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Teiburn 1 875sur. landowners p. 8, Tai-bwr OS 1 89 1 , Tai-bwr 0Sc. 1 95 0 Named after Tyburn, the Middlesex gallows, near Marble Arch, see Newgate (59-a). In Cilcennin a book entitled The Tyburn Calendar of Malefactors Bloody Register was read assiduously during the nineteenth century [1959 B. A Jones: 39] . "Perchenog y tir, lie yr adeiladwyd y Newgate a Tyburn, Ysbyty Ystwyth, oedd John Jones, Dolgroes, y porthmon, oedd mor adnabyddus mewn rhannau o Loegr ag oedd yn ei sir enidigol. Fe rannodd y tir yn dau dyddyn, ac adeiladodd dy ar bob un ohonynt. Yn ol yr banes a gefais gan fy nhad ac erailL un hynod debyg yn ei ymddygiadau i Mark Owain (sic), yr 'humorist' ydoedd, hynny yw, yn llawn digrifwch, bob amser. Yr oedd hwn a'r Hall yn gofyn iddo beunydd, beth oedd enwau y tai newyddion i fod; atebodd yntau o'r diwedd rnai Tyburn oedd un ohonynt, oherwydd fod coeden bwrpasol yn ei ymyl, ac mae enw y ty arall oedd Newgate. Er rnai cellwair ar y cyntaf y rhoddwyd yr enwau uchod ir ddau dy, eto byth ar hynny, y mae Newgate a Tyburn yn enwau sefydledig." ( 1 955 WGaz. : 10/03/55 ] . Ty-coch -(SN 756-724)[cy + coch] ; [ti ko: x I. Davies] Tuy Coch, Tuy Coch 1 690rent f l O, Ty Coch als. Tyr Coch 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS , Ty Coch 1 746 Crosswood MS S, Ty Coch 1 805PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ty Coch 1 842TMS, Ty-coch OS 1 891 , Ty-coch 0Sc. 1 950 Ty-mawr(i) -(SN 73 1 -7 1 6)(Ysbyty Ystwyth)[tY + mawr] ; [ti'mawr I. Davies, ti'mowr M 0. Jones (Ystradmeurig)] Ty mawr 1 722 Crosswood MSS , Ty mawr 1 75 5 Crosswood MS S, Tyrnawr 1 756 Crosswood MSS , Tyrnawr, Tybach (prox. ) 1 768rent Crosswood, Cae-rnawr 1 78 l sur map, Tyrnawr 1 82 1 PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ty mawr (sign) Ty-mawr(ii) -(SN 8 1 5-747)(Cwmystwyth) [ty + mawr]; [ti'mawr T. Griffiths] Dolyboidie als. Tymawr 1 76 1 Crosswood MSS, Dolyboidie als. Tymawr 1 768rent, Ty mawr 1 789PR Eglwys-newydd, Ty mawr OOS 1 82 1 , Ty mawr 1 844TMS, Ty-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Ty-mawr 0Sc. l 950, Dolebedy 1 991 FHNL n. 6 p. 5 Tynbwlch(i) -(SN 71 4-694)(Hendre-felen) [tyddyn + y + bwlchL [tm'bulx I. Davies] Ty'n y Bwlch ? 1 83 8PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ty'n-y-bwlch OS 1 891 In ruins [OS1 904] . Tynbwlch(ii) -(SN 775-697)(Rhos Marchnant)[tyddyn + y + bwlch] ; South Blaen-marchnant OS 1 89 1 , Tynbwlch c. 1 95 0 NLW MS S 1 55 1 5-C p. 9 In ruins [OS1 891 ] . Tynclawdd -(SN 71 5-69 l )[tyddyn + y + clawdd]; Tynclawdd 1 842TMS, Ty'n-y-clawdd OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 790-735)(Dolchgennog)[ty + newydd] ; [ti'newJ{) T . Griffiths] Ty newydd Gwnnws 1 805PR Eglwys-newydd, Ty newydd OOS 1 82 1 , Ty newydd 1 844TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Ty n ewydd(ii) -(SN 763 -71 O)(Rhosgafallt)[ty + newydd] ; Ty-newydd O S 1 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Rhos Gaffallt ? c. l 950 NLW MSS 1 55 1 5-C p. 1 , Rhosgaffalt + Nantffin 'dau dyddyn yn ymyl Rhosgafallt' 1 98 1 Barcud n. 5 5 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 745-71 2)(Glog-fach)[tY + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(iv) -(SN 746-71 1 )(Pantglas)[tY + newydd] ; [ti'newi(), ti,sara'd31Qkmz I. Davies] Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(v) -(SN 738-706)(Cefuresgair)[cy + newydd] ; Tynewydd 1 842TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(vi) -(SN 746-71 6)(Gwaunlloi) [ty + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Inexistent 1 904 [os1 904]. '

-

875

(59) MYFENYDD Ty-newydd(vii) -(8N 73 5-7 1 7)(Ysbyty Ystwyth)[tY + newydd]; Ty newydd 1 842TM8, Ty newydd Yspytty 1 843PR Ysbyty Ystwyth Tyn-y-ffordd(i) -(8N 748-72 1 )(Logau-las)[tyddyn + y + ffordd] ; Tynyffordd 1 842TMS, Ty'n-y-ffordd 08 1 891 Tynffordd(ii) -(8N 733-702)(Penlan-fach)[tyddyn + y + ffordd]; [tm'f�r� J. Richards] Tuy yn y North (sic) 1 733 Crosswood M88, Tynyffordd 1 764 Crosswood MS8, Twy'n yr Ffordd Rhoslas 1 798 Crosswood M88, Ty-nyffordd 1 803map J. 8inger, Ty-yn-y-fforth 1 8 14PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tynforth 1 8 1 7PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tyn y Ffordd 008 1 821 , Tynyporth (sic) 1 823PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tyn-y-ffordd 08 1 834, Tynyffoedd 1 83 6PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ty'n-y-ffordd 08 1 89 1 , Tynffordd c. 1 950 NLW MS8 1 5 5 1 5-C p. 8 Tyngilfach -(8N 71 9-702)[tyddyn + y + cilfach] ; [tm'grlvaz l. Davies] Ty y Gilvaughe 1 63 1 Crosswood MS8, Tynygilfach 1 792PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Teenygilvach 1 825PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tynygilfach, Tyngelfach 1 842TM8, Ty'n-gilfach 08 1 89 1 , Tyngilfach 1 906 J.J.Morgan p.4 In ruins [OS1 904). Tyn-y-llwyn -(8N 741 -722)[tyddyn + y + llwyn]; Ty'n-y-Uwyn 081 891 Tynllyn -(8N 7 1 5-691 )[tyddyn + y + llyn]; [tm'lm J. Richards, M. Edwards] Ty'n y Llyn 1 826PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Tynllyn 1 842TM8, Ty'n-y-llyn 08 1 891 Waunwen -(8N 743-724)[y + gwaun + gwen]; Winewen 1 828PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Waenwen 1 842TM8, Waen-wen 08 1 891 , Waunwen c. 1 950 NLW MS8 1 55 1 5-C p. 3 YSBYTY YSTWYTH -(8N 732-71 5)[ysbyty + hn. YstwythL [sp�ti W. Owen, T. Griffiths, J. Richards, (c) hewlsp�ti W. Owen] 8pecerwestic 1 277-80 in 1 897 R A.Roberts p. 1 05, Rowestich 1 33 8 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 358 n. 1 , Ysbytty 1 547 in 1 937 E . A.Lewis, Ysbytty Riw Ystwyth c. 1 566EPC, Yspittye Ystwidh 1 578map C. 8axton, Ispitiystoith 1 580map C. 8axton, 8pytty Ustwyth 1 601 Crosswood MS8, 8pitty Ystwyth 1 606 Prob. 8t-David, (chp) Spytty Evan in Rewoystwith als. Rewistwith 'in Ystradmeurig' 1 6 1 0 Crosswood MSS, Yspytty Rystwyth 1 61 4 Hendrefelen MSS, Sputty Ystwyth 1 6 1 4 Crosswood MS8, 8pyttie Rhwystwyth 1 6 1 7 Hendrefelen MSS, Spytty Rhwystwyth, 8pytty Rhywystwyth 1 61 8 Crosswood MS8, Spytty Ystwyth 1 624 Crosswood M8S, 8pittie Riwiscoith 1 63 1 Crosswood MSS, 8pittye Riwiscoith 1 63 1 Crosswood M88, 8pitty Ystwth 1 63 1 Hendrefelen M88, 8pitty Riwystoyth 1 632 Hendrefelen MS8, 8pitty 1 637 Crosswood MSS, Spytty Rhiw Ystwith 1 667 Crosswood MS8, 8putty Ystwith 1 667 Crosswood M88, Y Spitty Istwith 1 668/69 Crosswood MSS, Spitty Istwith 1 668/69 Crosswood M8S, Spitty Evan in Reweystwith als. Rewistwith 1 675/76 Crosswood M88, 8pyty Ystwyth, 8pity Ystwyth 1 676 Hendrefelen MSS, 8pytty 1 688 Cwrt-mawr MS8, 8pittye Ruystwith als. Rivstwith 1 6thcent. Landsdowne M8 in 1 897 H. Owen vol. 2 p. 3 59 n 1 , Spitty Istryd 1 7 1 0 Edwinsford MS8, 8pittu 1 72 1 /22 Glanpaith M88 p. 1 6, Spytty 1 722 Crosswood M88, 'tent. ' 8putty 1 729/30 Crosswood M88, Yspytty ar Ystwyth 1 753map E.J.Eyre, Yspytty ar Ystwyth 'village' 1 756 L.Morris f 1 4, 8puttus 1758 Crosswood MSS, Spitty Ystwith 1 760map E.Bowen, or Yspyty c. 1 760 in 1 949 H.Owen p. 793, Spitty Istwith 1 765map E.Bowen et a/. , Ysbytty ar Ystwyth 1 770 in c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.4 1 , Tyr yn y 8putty als. Tan y Llan 1 772 Crosswood MSS, Yspytty Ystwith 1 784PR Eglwys-newydd, Spitty Ienn 1 761-87 Hendrefelen M8S, Ysbytty Rhiw Ystwyth EPC 1 799, Yspytty Ystwith als. Yspytty and Ystraedmeurig 1 800PR Ysbyty-Ystwyth, 8pytty Ystwyth 1 803map J.Singer, Ysputty Ystwyth 1 806 Cymerau M8S , 'viii.' Yspytty 1 807PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Y Spytty Rhiw Ystwith 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Y 8pytty Rhiw Ystwith, Yspytty Ystwyth, Yspytty-Rhiw Ystwyth 008 1 82 1 , Yspytty Ystwyth 08 1 834, Sputty Ystrad Meurig 1 863 Crosswood Add MS8, Ysbytty Ystwyth 1 863 G.Borrow p.409, 'ym rnhentre' Sbytty Ystwyth 1 868 in 1 891 Geninen p. 3 8, Yspytty-Ystwyth, St. John the Baptist's Church (Vicarage) 081 89 1 , Ysbyty 1 906 J.J.Morgan p.4, yn Ysbyty 1 906 J.J.Morgan p.9, Ysbyty Ystwyth 0Sc. 1 950 The original form of the name appears to have been Ysbyty Rhiwystwyth which had become simplified to Ysbyty Ystwyth by at least the late sixteenth century. The foundation stone of new church was laid in 1 874 [CN n.c. in Crosswood Add MSS] ; Ysbyty Ystwyth & Ystradmeurig, new church consecrated 1 2/09/1 876 (by Instrument dated 03/04/1 8 84) [ 1907 T. w. Barker] The old church remains in the middle of the churchyard, lately used as a church hall [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 21]; Church roof fell c. 1 900 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 35]. .

876

(59) MYFENYDD Ysgoldy'rbanc -(SN 750-7 1 5)[ysgoldy + yr + bane] ; [sk:lldir'bagk I. Davies] Meth. Chap. (Calv.) OS 1 89 1 , Ysgol fach y Bane als. Ysgol ar hyd y Tai 1 926 D.M.Jones p.24 The description by D. M. Jones [ 1 926: 24] - " . . . oedd yr ysgol Sul hon . . . Ai ar gylch o dy i dy yn ei thro, dros y bryniau o Sul i Sui. " - probably refers to the arrangement of the Sunday school before the schoolhouse was built. Ysgol Ysbyty Ystwyth -(734- 7 1 7) [ysgol + tn. Ysbyty Ystwyth (59-a)] ; Ysbytty Ystwyth C. 1 945 WLS, Ysbyty-Ystwyth C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS1 982 Ysgubor -(SN 790-734)[ysgubor] ; [sk;)b:lr T. Griffiths] 'Sgybor fach ? 1 822PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ysgubor OS1 891 Ysguboriau -(SN 727-703) [ysguboriau] ; [sk;)'b:lrje M. 0. Jones, I. Davies, sk;),b:lrje'isa, now brm'h;)vrid I. Davies] Sguborie 1 805PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ysguboriau OOS 1 82 1 , 'Scyborriau 1 826PR Eglwys-newydd, Scyboriau 1 827PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Cae 'Sgyboriau (prox. ) 1 830PR Ysbyty Ystwyth, Ysguborie, Skyborie 1 842TMS, Ysguboriau O S 1 891 , Ysguboriau uchaf + isaf 1 963 W.Jones-Edwards p. 5 5 geonyms Alltiannog -(SN 767-728)[allt + diannog ? ] ; [alti'han:lg T. Griffiths, Gw. Jones] Alit Dihanog OS 1 834, Yr Alit Dyhanog (al. loc. ) 1 844TMS, Gallt Dihangol 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Allt Dihanog OS 1 89 1 , Alit Dihanog 1 924-26 CSRLS 23 The verb diannog is found once in William Salesbury's 1 567 Testament Newydd with the meaning 'dissuade' [GPC s.v. dianogaf], which as an adjective might be an apt description of the site - a particularly steep hillside below Bwlchgwallter (59-a). The dihangol in the 1 844 form appears to be a popular etymology, the meaning of which is 'secure'. The wood called Alit Ddu Henog on the OS map (SN 63-31 , Talley, Canns.) may, possibly, contain the same word. Note the obscure element ..§'S'ria·n:lg in sali-rianog 'striped caterpillar' [ 1 993 1N: 2.703 ] ; cf Pen yr Alit Anianog [ 1 836map Z/QRIEN/4 in MCRO ] near Y Llethr (SH

66-25, Llanenddwyn. Mers.). Bane Cerryg-gwynion -(SN 852-74l )[banc + tn. Cerryg-gwynion] ; Bane Cerig-gwynion OS 1 89 1 See Esgairwngu (59-b). Bancdu -(SN 801 -729)[banc + du] ; Bane Du OS 1 891 Banc-yr-esgair -(SN 804-736)[banc + yr + esgair] ; Bane yr Esger 1 844TMS Bane Fagwyrwen -(SN 829-729)[banc + tn. Fagwyrwen] ; [bagk,vagur'wen T. Griffiths] Bane Fagwr Wen 1 844TMS, Fagwr Wen OS 1 89 1 Banc-y-graig -(SN 83 1 -750)[banc + y + craig] ; Bane y Graig 1 894rnap Abergwngu Banc-hir -(SN 805-729) [banc + hir] ; Cefn Bane Hir OS 1 834, Bane Hir OS 1 89 1 , Bane Hir 1 924-26 CSRLS 23, Banc-hir 0Sc. 1 950 Banc-mawr(i) -(SN 794-7 1 7)(Milwyn) [banc + mawr] ; Bane mawr OS 1 891 Banc-mawr(ii) -(SN 798-688)(Claerwen)[banc + mawr]; Bane mawr OS 1 891 Bancmelyn -(SN 7 5 1 -706)[banc + melyn] ; Bane Melyn OS 1 89 1 Banc-yr-wyn -(SN 8 1 7-736)[banc + yr + Wy:n] ; Bane yr Wyn OS 1 891 Banc-yr-wyn-isa -(SN 8 1 9-739)[banc + yr + Wy:n (+ isaf)] ; Bane yr Wyn 1 844TMS, Bane yr Wyn-isaf 0S 1 89 1 Blaen-y-cwm -(SN 8 54-757)[blaen + y + cwrn] ; Blaen-y-cwrn O S 1 89 1 Blaenelan -(SN 8 1 9-73 5)[blaen + hn . Elan] ; Y Mlaen Nant Elain 1 500313 Buched Ciric p.379, Blaen Elan 1 844TMS 877

(59) MYFENYDD Blaengwngu -(SN 826-733) [blaen + hn. Gwngu] ; Blaen Wngi 1 844TMS, Blaen Gwngu OS 1 904 Blaenmilwyn -(SN 8 1 2-725)[blaen + hn. Milwyn] ; Blaen Milwyn 1 844TMS Briddell -(SN 772-702)[y + priddell] ; Briddell OS 1 834, Briddell OS 1 89 1 , Y Briddel1 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 8 Bryn-bach -(SN 761 -707)[bryn + bach] ; Bryniau bach O S 1 834, Bryn-bach OS 1 89 1 Bryn Bwlchgwallter -(SN 761 -72 1 )[bryn + tn. Bwlchgwallter ( 59 a)] ; [brm Gw. Jones] Bryn O S 1 83 4, Bryn OS 1 891 , Bryn Bwlchcwallter 1 98 1 Barcud n. 5 5 Bryn Cae-Mwythig-isa -(SN 8 1 8-71 9)[bryn + tn. Cae-Mwythig ( + isaf)] ; Bryn Cae-mwythig-isaf 0S 1 89 1 Bryn Cae-Mwythig-ucha -(SN 8 1 6-722)[bryn + tn. Cae-Mwythig (+ uchaf)] ; Bryn Cae-mwythig-uchaf O S 1 891 If correctly interpreted by me, this name means there was a '(mountain) enclosure of Shrewsbury (W. Amwythig)', presumably where stock was collected while on transit on the long haul to Shrewsbury market (cf. hn Ffostrosol). For the name of an English border town on an E-W mountain route, cf. Ce.fn Llwydlo (SN 84-41 , Tirabad, Brees.). Bryndafydd - (SN 791 -7 1 4)[bryn + pn. Dafydd] ; [brm'dav16 I. Davies] 'mountain' Bryn Dafydd 1 756 L.Morris f. 29, Brin Davy als. Brin-David, Brin Da:ffydd 1 7002/z Powys Castle MS 3 91 5 , Bryn Davydd 1 844TMS, Bryn Dafydd OS 1 891 Bryn-y-geifr -(SN 804-700) [bryn + y + geifr ?] ; Bryn y Gafr O S 1 89 1 , Bryn y Gafr OS 1 904, Bryn Gafr 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 8, Bryn y Geifr OS 1 982 Brynglas -(SN 854-752) [bryn + glas] ; [brm'gla:s T. Griffiths] Bryn Glas OS 1 891 Bryngwenlli -(SN 780-723)[bryn + gwenlli] ; [bniJ'gwenii T. Griffiths] inf. Named so because the sea can be seen from its top [inf T. Griffith s] ; cf Banc-y-mor (62-a). However cf. Camwenlli (18-a). Bryn-yr-hyrddod -(SN 8 1 1 -693 ) [bryn + yr + hyrddod] ; (brm�r·h�r5:ld T. Griffiths] Bryn Rhuddod OS 1 834, Bryn yr Hyddod OS 1 89 1 , Bryn yr Hyrddod OS 1 904, Bryn yr Hyddod 1 924-26 CSRLS 58 Bryn-mawr -(SN 773-72 1 )[bryn + mawr]; Bryn mawr O S 1 834, Bryn mawr OS 1 89 1 Brynrogo -(SN 774-71 O)[bryn + yr + ogofJ ; [brm'r:lg:l T . Griffiths] Bryn yr Ogof O S 1 834 Brynpoeth -(SN 803-7 1 2) [bryn + poeth] ; Bryn Poeth OS 1 891 Bwlchcynydd -(SN 827-736)[bwlch + y + cynydd] ; Bwlchcynydd 1 844TMS Byrlymau-Elan -(SN 829-739) [byrlymau + hn. Elan] ; [b�r.I�me'elan W. Owen, b�r.l�me'elan T. Griffiths] Bwrllwmau Elan OS 1 834, Bwrllymau Elan OS 1 891 , Byrlymau Elan OS 1 904 According to O S 1 834 Byrlymau-Elan extended eastwards as far as Corsddalfa (59-b). Cae-gwartheg -(SN 756-727)[ cae + gwartheg] ; Cae Gwartheg OS 1 89 1 Carnrhyrddod -(SN 790-704)[cam + yr + hyrddod] ; [karn�'hr�r5:ld D. Morgan] Cam-r Hwrddod OS 1 834, Carn'r Hurddod 1 842TMS, Cam yr Hyrddod OS 1 891 , Cam yr Hyddod 1 92426 CSRLS 5 8 Cam Llofftlloi -(SN 780-697)[cam + tn Llofftlloi (59-b)]; Cam Lloftlloi 1 842TMS Carreg Bwlchfynachlog -(SN 776-709) [ carreg + tn. Bwlchfynachlog] ; Carreg Bwlch Mynachlog 1 842TMS, Careg Bwlch-Mynachlog OS 1 89 1 -

878

(59) MYFENYDD The is a mistaken restitution of the unlenited form of mynachlog by the rnapmakers, which they would have in most likelyhood have heard pronounced as *Bwlch 'nachlog; c£ some of the forms of Henjjmachlog (34-a). Carreg Bwlch Llynferddon -(SN 796-71 1 )[ carreg + tn. Bwlch Llynferddon] ; Carreg Bwlch Llyn Ruddon 1 842TMS, Careg Bwlch-llyn-fyrddyn OS 1 89 1 , Careg Bwlch-llyn-fyrddon OS 1 904, Careg Bwlch-llyn-fryddon 0Sc. 1 950 Carreg Corneldrawsallt -(SN 780-709)[carreg + cornel + tn. Drawsallt (59-b)] ; Carreg Cornel Drawsallt 1 842TMS, Careg Cornel-Drawallt O S 1 891 Carregdala-dwr -(SN 807-73 5)[carreg + dal + dWt-] ; [kareg ,dala'du:r T. Griffiths] Carreg Daldwr 1 844TMS Cf Corlandala-dWr (59-b). Carregderlwyn -(SN 808-7l l )[carreg + y + derlwyn] ; [kareg derh:m T. Griffiths] Careg y Derlwyn OS1 891 "Wn i ddim a oes garreg yno, ond enw ar ddarn o'r mynydd oedd e, 'Awn i hela defaid Carregderlwyn nawr' bydden ni'n gweud. " [inf. T. Griffiths] . Carreg Landdu-fach -(SN 783 -708)[carreg + tn. Landdu-fach] ; Carreg Lan Ddu fach 1 842TMS, Careg Llan-ddu-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Lan Ddu fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 8 Cf Landdu-fawr (59-b). Carregnawllyn -(SN 797-698)[carreg + naw + llyn] ; [kareg 'nawim W. Owen] Cregnaulin, Cragnauglin, Creggenaugllin 1 539 J.Leland p. l l 9, Cragnaulin 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 20, Garreg Nawllyn OOS 1 82 1 , Carreg Naw-llyn OS 1 834 It is a hill (bancyn) [inf. W. Owen] ; cf Bryntairllyn (40-a). Carregsamson -(SN 741 -703)[carreg + pn. Samson] ; Stone O S 1 982, Carreg Samson 1 993 J. C.Grooms p.223 This stone was noted in 1 934 by A J. Sansbury, and, as with Carregsamson (57-b), Samson used this stone to play quoits (1 993 J. C. Grooms: 223] . Cefncoch -(SN 784-729)[ cefn + coch] ; Keven Coch 1 760 Coleman MS 1 47, Cefn Coch OOS 1 82 1 , Cefncoch 1 842TMS, Cefn Coch O S 1 89 1 , Cefn Coch 1 924-26 CSRLS 23 Cefngurn -(SN 805-737)[cefn + y + curn ?] ; Cefn Gern 1 844 TMS It possibly stands for cern jaw', though this is not commonly attested in toponymy. Cefn Naint -(SN 845-750)[ cefn + tn. Naint] ; [keven�'najnt T. Griffiths] Cefn Neint OS 1 891 Cerrygbendigaid -(SN 848-743) [cerrig + bendigaid] ; [keng ,bd5'iged T. Griffiths, keng ,b�'rs'lujd E. Mason] Glangors Llwyd 1 844TMS, Glangorslwyd OS1 89 1 Glanpon -(SN 721 -750)[glan+y +pon]; [f:>p,glan'hn, J=>p,lan'p:>n E. Mason, glan'p:>n E. Howells] Glanllyn 1 88 1 Crosswood Add MSS, Glan-llyn OS1 891 Glanrhyd -(SN 733-764)(glan +rhyd]; (glan'ri:d, glan'hri:d E. Mason] Glan-rhyd OS1 89 1 Gorslwyd -(SN 736-760)(y + cors +llwyd]; [ti·'klark als. penlon'klark, evel'go: (desc.) E. Mason] Gors-1\Vyd OS1 891 , Gors-11\Vyd 0Sc. 1 950, Yr Efail 1 987 Ddolen n. 1 03 Gwaith Botgoii -(SN 759-768)[gwaith + tn. Botgoll (61-a)] ; [gwaj9'ba:x,, g waj8'b:>tk:>l E. M Lewis] Mine 1 834map Hafod, Botcote 1 870 in 1 985 R.Burt et al. p. 5, Bodcoll Mine 1 874 A.Francis p.92, Bodcoll Mine (lead) OS1 89 1 , Bodcoll OS1 974 Geol. map, Gertrude 1 922 O.T.Jones p.1 31 , Gertrude Bodcol4 Devil's Bridge 1 985 RBurt et al. p.50 For the use of the E.fpn. Gertrude as the mine's name, cf L iwsi als. Rhisgog-ucha (32-a); Ella als. Gwaith-yr-hendre (59-a). Gwaith Dolwen -(SN 780-784)[gwaith +tn. Dolwen (61-a)]; Yr Ochr Lwyd, 'near' Y Ddol Wen 'tenement' 1 756b L.Morris p. 565, Dolwen Consols 1 874 A.Francis p.95, Dolwen als. De Broke 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 1 36, Dolwen OS1 974 Geol. map, Dolwen, East Dolwen 1 985 R Burt et al. p.38 0. T. Jones [ 1 922: 1 37] expressed "some doubt whether the mine known as De Broke is Dolwen or the adjoining Mynach Vale mine. " The name De Broke was earlier equated with Gwaith Ty-gwyn (61 -a) als. Mynach Vale. Gwaith Frongoch -(SN 721 -744)(gwaith +tn. Frongoch (6 1 -a)]; [gwaje,vr:>IJ'go:x I. Davies, E. Mason] Bron-y-goch 1 808 in 1 922 O.T. Jones p.1 05, (c) Cae Gwaith Mwyn 1 844TMS, Vron Goch Mine 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol.l p. 325, Frongoch 1 874 A.Francis p.1 03, Fron-goch Mine (lead) OS1 89 1 , Fron­ goch Mine (disused) OS1 904, Gwaith Frongoch 1 91 6 D.Thomas p.76, Gweithfeydd Plwm Frongoch ... 1 966 J.M Davies p. 62 Discovered c. 1 798 [ 1 922 o. T. Jones: 1 05]; between 1 907 and its final closure in 1 929, the Lisburne Development Syndicate treated the waste dumps for lead and zinc [ 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 50] . Gwaith Graig-fawr -(SN 802-745)[gwaith + tn. Graig-fawr]; [gwaj8,kum'�stwi8 T. Griffiths] Cragge Mine 1 664 Coleman MS 1 28, 'ho. called' Mowen Glowth 1 675 J.Ogilby in 1 979 E.G.Bowenfac. p.1 56, Cumistwith, Cumustwith Old Works 1 699map W.Waller, The Great Rocks 1 731 in 1 966 CER vol.5 p.268, 'the great mine work of Cwmystwyth 1 756a L.Morris £25, 'this mine work is now known by the name' Craig y Mwyn, ' ... and it is also called' Craig fawr Cwmystwyth, '... but generally and better known by the name' Cwmystwyth Mines 1 756b L.Morris p. 560, Graig fawr 1 756b L.Morris p. 562, Graig fawr 1 791 Crosswood MSS, Lead Mine 1 803map J.Singer, Leadmine OOS1 821 , Cwm Ystwyth, lead works OS1 834, Cwmystwith Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 97, Cwm-ystwyth Mine (lead) OS1 89 1 , Gwaith Mwn Plwm y Graig fawr 1 899 Cymru vol.l6 p.329, Gwaith y Graig fawr 1 899 Cymru vol 1 7 p.46, Gwaith ... Cwmystwyth 1 9 1 6 D.Thomas p.76, 'the central or' Kingside Workings 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 1 1 3, Gweithfeydd Plwm . . . a Chwmystwyth 1 966 J.M Davies p.62, Graig fawr, Kingside 1 974 D.E.Bick p.20, King's Side 1 979 CER vol. 8 p. 422, The Kingside, The Kingside Mine 1 979 CER vol. 8 p.422 The name Graig-fawr was an alias of Craig-y-mwyn (61-b). Gwaith Cwmystwyth was effectively composed of three separate mines Copper Hill (61 -a), Kings-side als. Gwaith Graig-fawr, and Lejlpuw (61 a) ( 1 922 0. T. Jones: 1 13] (though D . E . Bick [ 1 974: 20] makes Kings-side separate from Graig-fawr, his map shows Gwaith Graig-fawr lying between King's Level on the E, and Kingside Adit on the ssw). "The origin of the name King's Side is unknown, it may have referred to its location in relationship to the Crown boundary, or possibly it came from mining folklore when it was beleived (sic) that the South Side 903

(6 1 ) CREUDDYN of a lode was the richer part and was the king's by right. " [ 1 979 (S. J. s. Hughes) CER: 8.422-24). Gwaith Cwmystwyth, seems to have been subleased by the Crown to the Nanteos estate in the eighteenth century, only Copper Hill being fully retained by the Crown [ 1 979 CER: 8.420]; however, judging by its name ­ Kings-side may also have been retained by the Crown, the areas of influence of Nanteos and the Crown then might have been delimited from each other by the stream Nantwatcyn. It needs emphasising, however, that all the territory of Gwaith Cwmystwyth was part of the mountain wastes of the Crown lordship of Creuddyn, and that the division of influence between the Nanteos estate and the Crown touching the mines was not of the nature of a feudal jurisdiction, as was the case with the mines of the areas of the Llywemeg (71 -a) and Ystumtuen (71-a) areas. Supposed to be the richest and oldest mine in the county [ 1 874 A Francis: 97) ; " Ystyrir fod y Graig fawr wedi ildio cymaint o fwn ag un o weithfeydd mwn Cymru, os nad mwy. " [ 1 899 Cymru: 16.1 59] ; " . . . famous enough in all English treatises of mines. " [ 1 756b L. Morris: 560] ; worked till 1 923 [ 1 979 CER: 8.436; 1 993 T. Carr & A Schone: 3 1 ] . (c) Level y Ffordd, Level fawr [1 981 S. J. S. Hughes : 37] ; Bonsall's Level als. Levelfawr [1 922 0. T. Jones: fac. p .1 1 5]; level'vawr [inf. T. Griffiths] ; Evan Jones's Workings, about 1 850, being the upper workings of Lefl-fawr [ 1 979 CER: 8.433]; in 1 875 the new magazine was built c. 200yds E of the old magazine, above the compressor house [ 1 979 CER: 8.430] ; see Pant-yr-argae (61 -b). Gwaith Llwynwnwch -(SN 724-745)[gwaith + tn. Llwynwnwch (61 -a)] ; Llwynwnwch 1 922 O. T. Jones p. 1 05, East Frongoch als. California Mine 1 922 D. Thomas MS B-28, East Frongoch OS 1 974 Geol. map Cf Califfomia (71-a). Gwaith Pentre -(SN 795-739)[gwaith + tn. Pentre [Briwnant]] ; [pen'level T. Griffiths] Brunont 1 708 in 1 98 1 S . J. S .Hughes p . l l , Taylor's Level 1 847 in 1 98 1 S .J. S .Hughes p. 1 9, Pentre Brunant Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 96, Pentre Brunant OS 1 974 Geol. map Pentre Briwnant was the old name of Cwmystwyth (61 -a). Gwaith Pont Rhyd-y-groes -(SN 741 -728)[gwaith + tn. Pont Rhyd-y-groes (59-a)]; Gwaith Pen y Bont 1 756b L.Morris p. 563 , Pontrhyd-y-groes 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 02, Gwaith . . . Pont Rhyd-y-groes 1 91 6 D. Thomas p. 1 6, Pontrhydygroes OS 1 974 Geol. map Cf Penbont (59-a). Gwaith Ty-gwyn -(SN 772-775)[gwaith + tn. Ty-gwyn (61-a)] ; [gwajO,ti'gwm P. Owen, J. B. Howells, nen J. Jones] Tythin Abernant yr Onnen 1 592 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nantr Onnen 1 774PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nant)rronnen 1782PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantyronen 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nant-yr-Onen, Caeffynnon 1 843TMS, Nant-yr-onen OS 1 904, Nantyronnen OS 1 982 The name Nantronnen may have been transferred to this site from a site lower down the valley side, as suggested by the forms of 1 592, and Cefn Nantronnen (63-a). The name Cae-ffynnon in 1 843 may preserve the original name of this site. Nantsamau -(SN 661 -769) [nant + tn. Sarnau (63-a)]; Nantysarnau 1 822PR L1anfihangel-y-creuddyn, Nant Sarnau (sic loc. ?) OS1 834, Nant Same, Nant Sarnan cott. 1 843TMS, Nant-y-sarnau OS 1 89 1 , Nantsarnau 1 988 T.J.Davies p. 7 In ruins [OS1 904). Dim ond ychydig o olion Nantsarnau a welid, Sarnau-fach yn hen dy nawr, ond Sarnau nawr' [ 1979 T. J. Davies: 57] . Nant-yr-wydd -(SN 671 -782) [nant + yr + gWydd]; Nant-yr-Wydd OS 1 891 In ruins [OS1 904]. PANT-Y-CRUG -(SN 652-785)[pant + y + crug] ; [pant�'kri:g, kapel,pant�'kri:g D. Evans] Pantycrug Sunday School House 1 871cens. , Sunday School OS 1 89 1 , Capel Pant-y-crug OS1 904, Pantycrug Pencrug als. Bryncrug 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 1 0, Ysgoldy Pantycrug 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p.28, 'Sgoldy Pantycrug 1 935 D.J.Evans p. 58, Pant-y-cn1g OS1 982 b. 1 866, reb. 1 902 [ 1 935 D. J. Evans: 33]. The original name of the area and the houses was Tafarncrug (63-a) [ 1 935 D. J. Evans: 1 10] . Comprising: 1 ) Blaenrhos, 2) Brynawel, 3) Brynllwyd, 4) Maescrug, 5) Minffordd, 6) Tafamcrug-isa, 7) Tafamcrug-ucha. Pant-y-ffynnon -(SN 699-778)[pant + y + ffynnon] ; Pant-y-ffynnon OS 1 891 In ruins [ OS1 904]. Pant-y-gaseg -(SN 688-786)[pant + y + caseg] ; Pant-y-gaseg OS1 891, Nantygaseg 1924-26 CSRLS 3 In ruins [OS1 904]. Pant-y-gwter -(SN 707-779)[pant + y + cwter] ; Pant y Gwter OS1 834, Penrogo, Penny's Cottage 1 843TMS, Pantyguter Gate 1 87 1 cens., Pant-y-gwter OS 1 89 1 , Pantygwter 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 In ruins [OS 1 904] . Pant-mawr -(SN 700-787)[pant + mawr] ; [pant'mawr J. Jones] Tythin y Pant mawr 1655 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant mawr 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tythyn y Pant mawr 1 71 6 Abertrinant MSS, Pant-mawr OS1 834, Pant-mawr OS1 891 Pen bane -(SN 63 1 -795) [pen + y + bane] ; Pen-y-bank 1 843TMS, Penbanc 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p. 1 00 Penbwlch-heble -(SN 678-776) [pen + tn. Bwlch-heble (63-a)]; [penbolz'heble J. Jones] Penybwlch 1 827PR Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Penbwlch 1 843TMS, Penbwlch Cottage 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. l 41 , Pen-y-bwlch-heble OS 1 891 , Penbwlch-heble OS1 904 95 1

(63) CREUDDYN Pengaer -(SN (ii)634-795) [pen + y + caer] ; [peJJ'ga:r D.

Evans]

Tythyn Penn y Gaer 1 597 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tythyn Pen y Gaer 1 6 1 2 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Pen-y-Gaer O S 1 89 1 , Pengaer 1 93 5 D . J. Evans p. 98, 'safai' Cefngaer' yn ymyl' Pengaer 1 93 5 D . J. Evans p. 1 00 i) SN 636-796. 1 843 . ii) SN 634-795 . 1 891 .

It

is some 3 00m NW of a field named Hengaer (SN 63 8-793) [ 1 843TMS], "although the position would be

suitable for a hillfort nothing is now visible. " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg : 261 ] . J. Davies]

Pengraig -(SN 679-776) [pen + y + craig] ; [peQ'grajg

Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig 1 93 5 D . J.Evans p. 1 4 1

Penrhiw -(SN 627-797)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen y Rhiw 1 8 1 1 PR Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Pen Rhiw 008 1 82 1 , Pen-rhiw O S 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw O S 1 904

Penrhiwfelen - (SN 642-788)[pen + y + rhiw + melen] ; Llain Penrhiw [ ] len 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Llaine Pen Rhiw Felen 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Llain Pen Rhiw Velen 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Pen y Rhiw 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 27, Pen-rhiw-felen O S 1 89 1

Penrhiwseiri

-(SN 66 1 -777)[pen + rhiw + yr + seiriL

[pen'hnw J .

Jones]

Pen Rhiw'r Seiri 1 685 Cwrt-mawr MS , Gwar Cwm Rheidol als. Pen Rhiw'r Seri 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Pen y Rhiw 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen-rhiw OS 1 834, Pen-rhiw O S 1 89 1 Cf

Troedrhiwseiri (63-a).

PISGA -(SN 679-776)[Bibl.tn. Pisgaht

[p1ska D.

Evans, J. Jones]

'pentref Penbwlch 1 93 5 D . J. Evans p. 1 3 9, Cennant als. Pisgah 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. l 3 7, i Biscah 1 946 T.Beynon p. 98, Pisga 1 979 T. J. Davies p. 57, Pisgah + Capel Pisgah O S 1 982, Pisga 1 987 Ddolen n. 99 The older name of the village was Penbwlch-heble [inf J. Jones] . The chapel was b. 1 908 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 71 ; 1 990 Ddolen: 1 3 5] ; replaced

Capel Cennant

(63-a), branch of

Capel Seion

(63-a)

[ 1 979

T. J. Davies: 57] ;

denom. CM. Comprising: 1 ) Bwlch-heb1e, 2) Gwarffordd, 3) HalfWay, 4) Penbwlch-heble, 5) Pengraig , 6) Tanffordd, 7) Tynbwlch Cottage, 8) TY-newydd(i).

Pwllcenawon

-(SN 637-802) [pwll + y + cenawon]; [pulka'naw:m E. Griffiths,

pulka'naw�n D.

Evans]

Pwllcenawon 1 778PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bwlchcinawon 1 80 1 PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pwllcuniawon 1 802PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pwll-ceniawon O S 1 834, Pwllcunawon 1 843 Nanteos fpls . , Pwll Cynawon, Pwll Cyn Owen 1 843 TMS, Pwll-cenawon O S 1 891 b. 1 808, reb. c. 1 864 "Yr oedd y ty wedi ei godi ar dorlan uwchben hen wely Mon RheidoL yn yr hwn oedd ambell lyn neu bwll yn aros . " [ 1 987 Tincer: 103 ] .

Pwllclai -(SN 633-80 1 )[pwll + clai] ; [pul'klaj K.

Lewis, D. Evans]

Tythyn Pwll y Clay als. Tythyn Nant Bran 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MS S, Pwll y Clai 1 73 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pwll Clai 1 73 6PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pwllclau 1 80 0PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pwll Clay 1 80 5PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Pwll-clai O S 1 834, Pwll Clei, Pwllclau 1 843TMS , Pwll-clai OS 1 89 1 , Pwllclai bach (prox.) 1 942 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 1 Cf Cwmbran (63-b). Rhiwarthen-isa -(SN 64 1 -797) [rhiw + pn.

Arthen (+ isat)] ; [hnw,ar9en'isa E. Griffiths, D. Evans] Ruarthem 1 280Ext. p. 1 2 1 , (tp) Rhiwarthen 1 574 Castlehill MSS , Rhiwarthen 1 590 Gog. OS p. 82, Rhiw Arthen

1 657/5 8

Crosswood

MS S,

Rhiw

Arthen

1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Rhuarthen

1 7 1 5PR

Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhiw Arthen vawr 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MS S , Rhyw Arthen 1 768PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhuarthen issaf 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhywarthen issa 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam-fawr, Rhiwarthen fawr als. Rhiwarthen ucha (sic) 1 82 1 Abertrinant MS S, Rhiwarthenfawr als. Rhiwarthen issa 1 83 0 Abertrinant MS S , Rhiw-arthen-isaf O S 1 83 4, Rhiwarthen issa 1 843TMS, Rhiw-arthen-isaf O S 1 891 It is tempting to connect the pn.

Arthen

here with the

Arthen

who was king of Ceredigion in the ninth

century, however, the name was in circulation for a long time after that time, witness a Hywel ab Arthen who lived in the late twelfth century [ 1 994 J. E. c. Williams : 366] , and Artheyn of Is-coed Is-Hirwern [ 1 268 Long1eat MS 624] , probably the same mentioned in the patronym Lewelin

ap Arthen

of Llangoedmor [ 1 3 02-

03rent: 1 ] .

Rhiwarthen-ucha -(SN

648-796)[rhiw + pn. Arthen (+ uchat)] ;

Evans]

952

[hriW,ar9en'aza E .

Griffiths,

i,riW,ar9en'Iza D.

(63) CREUDDYN Rhiw Arthen ucha 1 71 6 Abertrinant MSS, Rhiw Arthen 1 744map L.Morris, Rhywarthen ycha 1 765 Crosswood MSS, Rhuarthen-ucha 1 7 8 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhuarthen uchaf 1 808PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhiw-arthen-uchaf OS 1 834, Rhiw-arthen-uchaf OS 1 891

Samau-fach -(SN 665-77 1 ) [sarnau (+ bach)]; Sarnau fach 1 8 1 0PR Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Sarnau fach OOS 1 82 1 , Sarnau fach OS 1 834, Sarene fach 1 843TMS, Sarnau- rach OS1 891 Samau-fawr -(SN 659-770)[sarnau (+ mawr)] ; Sarne 1 760CF, Sarnau 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Sarnau fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Sarnau-fawr OS 1 834, Sarnau­ fawr OS 1 89 1 , Sarnefawr 1 843TMS, Sarnau-fawr OS 1 891 There is hardly a doubt that the word sarnau refers to a part of the course of the paved Roman road that led from Trawsgoed (60-a) to Penllwyn (70-a); see Troedrhiwseiri (63-a). Stesion Capel Bangor -(SN 647-797)[ stesion + tn. Capel Bangor]; [steJ:ln,kapel'bagg:lr D. Evans] Capel Bangor Station OS 1 982

Capel Bangor is an alias ofPenllwyn (70-a). Stesion Nantronnen -(SN 674-781 ) [stesion + tn. Nantronnen (63-a)] ; Nantyronen Station OS 1 904, Sta OS 1 982

Tafamcrug-isa -(SN 651 -784)[tafarn + y + crug (+ isaf) ] ; [tavan,kri:g'isa D. Evans] Tafarn-y-crug OS 1 83 4, Tafarn-crug-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Tafarncrug-isaf 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p.26

Tafamcrug-ucha - (SN 65 5-783) [tafarn + y + crug (+ uchaf)] ; [tavarn'kri:g E. Griffiths, tavan'kri:g D. Evans] Tafarn y Crug 1 779PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tafarn-y Crug 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tafarnycrftg 1 795PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tafarn Crig 1 801PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tafarn Creeg 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpls., Tavarncreeg 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tafarncrug, Tafern-y-crug 1 843TMS, Tafarn Crug-ucha 1 868 D . J. Evans p. 3 3 , Tafarn-crug OS 1 89 1 , Tafarncrug 'the name o f many houses i n the area, that i s t o say today's Pant-y-crug' 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p. 1 1 0, (pn.) Roli Tafarncrug 1 970s n. c. ATL P46.94 Dav. The tump named (c) Cnwc Tafamcrug, used for cock-fighting, and situated s of the road, and w of Tafamcrug was evidently the crug that gave its name to this place [ 1 93 5 D. J. Evans: 1 15). Tanrallt -(SN 657-789)[tan + yr + aUt] ; [tan'raH D. Evans] Tythyn y Geuallt 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MSS, Tythin y Geyallt als. Tanyrallt 1 82 1 Abertrinant MSS, Tanrallt cott. 1 843TMS, Tythyn y Goyallt als. Danyrallt 1 855 Abertrinant MSS, Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 The cau in the alias o f this place does not seem t o refer t o the curvature o f the bank which i s remarkably straight for over a kilometre behind Tanrallt, this probably means cau is to be understood as 'deep' rather than 'concave'.

Tancnwch -(SN 692-792) [tan + y + cnwch] ; [tan'knu:z D. Morgan] Tancnwch 1 87 1 cens. , Tan-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Tan-cnwch O S 1 904

Tanffordd -(SN 674-777) [tan + y + ffordd]; Tanffordd 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 40, Tan-y-ffordd 0 8 1 904, Tanyffordd 1 924-26 CSRLS 3

Tanrhiw -(SN 65 1 -795)[tan + y + rhiw] ; Tanrhiw 1 843 TMS

Tanrhiwfelen -(SN 641 -790)[tan + y + rhiw + melen] ; [tanru'velen, delvrm + he·n'evel D. Evans] Tan Rhiw Felen O S 1 834, Smithy O S 1 891, Tan-rhiw-felen O S 1 904, Delfryn ac Efel Bili'r Go als. Efel George, 'yn ddiweddarach' Efail y Go 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 05 This was the name of a group of houses [inf. D. Evans]. Trering -(SN 63 5-803)[tref + ? ]; [tre'rllJ, te'rllJ E. Griffiths] Tre'ring 1 771PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Trering 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Drering 1 787PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Drering 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tre-ring OS 1 834, Trering 1 843TMS, Tre-ring OS 1 89 1 , Tre'r-ing O S 1 904 D. J. Evans [ 1 935: 101 ] listed variant etymologies with their attendant spellings: 1) Tre-yr-ynn 'settlement of the ash', can be discounted as they do not explain the final of the name; 2) Tre-yr-inn 'settlement of the inn', referring to an inn along the old Roman road, cf. nwW. ring common for a number of pubs, thought to be from yr inn [1 991 M. ap Dafydd: 73] (cf. Cards.W. bing for E. bin). Note, however, that the ring in Carreg y Ring on Traeth Aberdaron (Caems.) [ 1 991 E. Gruffydd: 68] refers to a metal ring or link enabling ships to anchor off the sandy beach, and similar, though smaller rings were sometimes found on outside walls of inns to attach horses; 3) Tre-y-ring 'settlement of the (fairy) ring', is possible as the term

ring, associated with the supernatural, was known in south-western Welsh, see sub Penringsen 953

(72-b).

(63) CREUDDYN However, it is not known if the last two English words had entered the Welsh language as early as 1 771 the first attestation of Trering. A final explanation given by D. J. Evans seems plainly wrong, Tre-yr-ing 'settlement of the agony' (due to there once being a hospital or an execution-place nearby), but the element ing, in its original sense 'constriction' is a well-known topographical term in a derivative form cyfyng (see Cyfyng, 1 4-a). We flnd the Breton cognate to ing in ar C'hoadenk [1 994 F. Favereau s.v. enk] (and I also suspect it could lie behind the common Breton toponym an Ank, usually explained as derived from F. angle 'angle, corner, nook, constricted area' [DELF s.v. angle] ) . Having said this, there does not seem to be a topographical context in the vicinity of Trering that particularly suits the sense 'constriction'; cf. hn. Nantring (Cynwyl Elfed, Canns.). Troedrhiwceir -(SN 677-784)[troed + rhiw + yr + ceir] ; Troedrhiw y Keir 1 669/70 M.Richardson MSS, Troedrhiw yr Hier 1 723 MRichardson MSS p. 296, Troedrhiwrceir 1 776PR Llanbadam-fawr, Troedrhywrceir 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhiwceir 1 801PR Eglwys-newydd, Troed-rhiw-caeau 0 8 1 834, Troed Rhiw Caer 1 843TMS, Troed-rhiw-gaer 08 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-ceir 08 1 904, Troedrhiwceir 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 141 Troedrhiwfelen -(SN 666-780)[troed + y + rhiw + melen] ; [tr;:,jdru'velcn D. Evans] Tythen-Cwm-Mydole 1 5 82-83 Gog. OS p. 69, Tythin Kwm Rhydol 1 592 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyr yn Cwm Rhuddol 1 62 1 /22 Maes-newydd MSS, Tythyn Cwm Rheidoll als. Tir Cwm Rheidoll 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tyddyn Cwm Rhidol als. Tir Cwm Rhidol 'and now called' Troed Rhiw Felen 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Troed Rhiw Velen 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn Cwm Rheidol als. Tir Cwm Rheidol als. Troed Rhiw Velen 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cwmridol 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Trod Rhiwfelen 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 327, Troedrhywfelen 1 799PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Trod Rhiw Felen 1 8 1 8sur map, Troed-rhiw-felen 08 1 834, Felin, Troedrhiwfelin 1 843TMS, Troed-rhiw-felen 081 891 Cf Neuadd Cwmrheidol (71-a). Troedrhiwseiri -(SN 662-782)[troed + rhiw + yr + seiri] ; Trod Rhiw yr Siry 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 27, Troedrhywrseiri 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhywseiri 1 78 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhyw Sairu 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Trod Rhiwyr Siry 1 81 8sur map, (c) Coed Troed-rhiw-seiri 08 1 89 1 , Troedrhiw 1 93 5 D . J.Evans p. l l O This name (along with Penrhiwseiri, and Cwmseiri, 63-b) may contain the archaic word seri 'paved way, causeway' (see sub Troedrhiwseiri, 73-a). One form of Penrhiwseiri is in fact written Pen Rhiw'r Seri 1 69 1 . If seri is the word, then this would seem to refer to the Roman road between Trawsgoed and Penllwyn, which is attested in the neighbouring farm of Samau. By at least 1 685 (see sub Penrhiwseiri, 63-a) this word was reanalysed as seiri 'carpenters'. Ty-gwyn -(SN 681 -776) [ty + gwyn] ; [ti'gwm D. Evans, l Jones] Ty Gwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Ty Gwyn 008 1 82 1 , Ty Gwyn 081 834, Ty-gwyn 08 1 89 1 Ty-hen -(SN 684-777) [ty + hen] ; Tuy Hen y Nhenant 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tu Hen 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ty-hen 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 327, Ty Hen 1 803map J. Singer, Ty Hen 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty Hen 008 1 821 , Ty Hen 1 83 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyhen 1 843TMS The -hen refers to the newer Cennant (63-a), and explains the phrase of J. Evans [ 1 9 1 3 : 48] that Capel Cennant was built on this site, where stood the original Cennant. Ty-llwyd-isa -(SN 673 -78 l ) [tY + llwyd (+ isaf)] ; Ty Llwid 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 323, Ty Llwyd 1 744map L.Morris, Ty-llwyd-isaf 081 834, Ty Llwyd 1 843TMS, Ty-llwyd-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Tyllwyd isa 1 920 in 1 990 Ddolen n. 1 3 5 The -isa is in opposition to Ty-llwyd-ucha (71 -a). Tynbwlch -(SN 678-777)[tyddyn + y + bwlch]; Tyn y Bwlch 081 834, Ty'n-y-bwlch 081 891 Tynbwlch Cottage -(SN 675-776)[tn. Tynbwlch (63-a) + E. cottage] ; [tm'bolx, J. Jones] Ty'n-y-bwlch Cottage 081 891 After the abandonment of Tynbwlch (63-a) this became known simply as Tynbwlch. Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 677-776)(Pisga)[tY + newydd] ; Ty-newydd 0 8 1 891 , Y Gledryd 'Mr. Lloyd's new house' 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. l 43 , Ty-newydd 0Sc. 1 950, Gledryd OS 1 982 The new house called Gledryd was built in the 1 93 0s [inf. J. Jones], named after Gledryd (63-b). Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 648-799)(Penllwyn)[ty + newydd] ; 954

(63) CREUDDYN Tynewydd cott. 1 843 TMS Parsel-canol Ty-newydd(iii)(SN 684-788)(Aberffrwd)[ty + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 982 Tynrhos -(SN 703-778)[tyddyn + y + rhos]; Tynrhos, Tynrhos 1 843 TMS Tyn-y-wem -(SN 674-780)[tyddyn + y + gwem]; Tyn y Wern ? 1 73 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyn y Wern ? 1 775PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pen y Wern ? 1 780PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tyn)rwern ? 1 794PR Llanbadam-fawr, T)rn)rwern ? 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynwern ? 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llechwedd, Llechwedd isaf 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-wern OS 1 89 1 , Tyn-y-wern 0Sc. 1 950, Ty'nywem O S 1 982 Ysgol Aberffrwd -(SN 686-788)[ysgol + tn. Aberffrwd (63-a)]; School OS1 904, Aberffrwd C. 1 945 WLS Opened 1 900, replaced Llwyn-y-groes (71 -a) [1 988 Tincer: 1 06] ; closed bet. 1 949-6 1 [ 1 949 WLS; 1961 WLS] .

geonyms Alltgoch -(SN 673-772)[allt + coch]; Alit GOch OS 1 891, Alit Goch 0Sc. 1 95 0 Bwlchgroes -(SN 663-774)[bwlch + y + croes] ; (c288) Bank Bwlch Croes (SN 663-774) 1 843TMS, Bwlch-y-groes Wood (SN 653-776) OS 1 904, am Ben-16n-groes (SN 660-774) 1 975 T.J.Davies p. 37 The name Bwlchgroes, for the N-S gap along which follows the course of a Roman road, may suggest an administrative boundary, which is now that between Llanbadam-fawr and Llanf:iliangel-y-creuddyn parishes; see sub Pen-uwch-fawr (62-a). Cnwch-yr-arian -(SN 693-789)[ cnwch + yr + arian]; Cnwch yr Arian 1 847 Nanteos fpl.277, Cnwc yr Arian OS 1 89 1 , Cnwch yr Arian OS1 904 Cnwchcoch -(SN 706-788)[ cnwch + coch]; Cnwch-coch 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 07/02/1 0 Crip-y-lluest -(SN 685-785)[ crip + y + lluest] ; Crip y Lluest OS1 891 Cwmbdin -(SN 63 0-800) [cwm + hn. Bran] ; (c) Cae Cwm Bran issa + ucha 1 800Yz Nanteos fpl.292, Cwm Bran 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 01 Cf Pwllclai (63-b). Cwmseiri -(SN 660-78 1 )[ cwm + y + seiri]; Cwm-seiri OS 1 834, Cwm Seiry 1 843TMS, Cwm-seiri OS 1 891 , i Gwm Seiri 1988 Tincer n. 3 5 See Troedrhiwseiri (63-a). Fforddgefn -(road from Trympeg Picadili (64-a) to Mynach, 61 a) [y + ffordd + cefn]; [f:.lr,kapel'skm E. Griffiths] Tir Keven y Croyddyn ?? 1 6 1 7 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'a elwir yn fynych' y Ffordd Gefen 1 922 Cymru vol.63 p. 56, Y Ffordd ucha' 'felly byddem ni yn ei 'nabod' 1 975 T.J.Davies p.29 Cf sub Creuddyn (e). Ffrwd-ddu -(SN 709-788)[ffrwd + du] ; Rheidol Falls OS 1 89 1 , Y Ffrwd Ddu 1 946 T.Beynon p. 97, Trotters Falls 1 960 CN 03/06/60 See Ffrwd-ddu (63-a). Ffynnon Ffos-y-grafei -(SN 63 1 -799)[ffynnon + tn. Ffos-y-grafel] ; Ffynnon Ffosygrafel 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 1 4 Gledryd -(SN 680-775)[y + caled + rhyd] ; [glednd l Jones] Gledrid 1 73 8/39 Abertrinant MS S, Y Cledyd 1 803map J. Singer, Gledred als. Gledrydd 1 820 Cymerau MSS See Tj)-newydd(i) (63-a); cf Gledrydd (55-a); Pen-y-felinwynt -(SN 681 -782)[pen + y + melin-gwynt] ; Pen y Felin Wynt OS1 834, Castell yr Aber ? 1 927 M.H. Jones p.39, Settlement OS 1 982, Coed Lluest Camp 1 994 J.L.Davies & A.H. A.Hogg p. 263 Rhydesgynfor -(SN 68 1 -791) [rhyd + ? ] ; Rhyd Esgynfor 1 744map L.Morris -

955

(63) CREUDDYN This seems to be a compounded word containing esgyn 'rise, ascent', with mawr, though the significance of this in the topography of the vicinity is unclear, cf Rhydesgyn (SJ 27-14, Guilsfield, Monts.). The same combination as in this place-name may be present in Pensgynor (SS 76-99, Aberdulais, Glams.).

956

(64) CREUDDYN LLANBADARN-Y-CREUDDYN-ISA Allt-y-beili -(SN c. 6 1 3 -787) [allt + y + beili] ; Tythin Allt y Baili 1 642 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Alt y Baily 1 672 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Galt y Bayly 1 678PR Llanbadam-fawr, Gallt y Baily 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Gallt y Baily 1 736PR Llanbadam-fawr, Alit y Bily 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 2 1 , Alit y Bily 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 395, Allty Baily 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Allty Bailiff 1 78 1PR Llanbadam-fawr, Alltybailey 1 800PR Llanbadam-fawr, Galltybaily 1 8 1 8sur map, Alltybaily 1 83 1 in 1 8 1 8sur map It is probable that beili refers to the fortifications on Bane Allt-y-beili (64-b). Baeh-y-rhew -(SN 5 93-785)[bach + y + rhew] ; Tythin Bache y Rhew 1 592 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'parcel' Bach yr Rhewe 1 596 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn Bach y Rhew 1 654 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Crig y Ddymme als. Tythyn Bach y Rhew 1 668 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bach y Rhew als. Crug y Ddimmeu 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bach y Rhew 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Braechyrhew (sic) 1 81 3PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bachyrhew 1 8 1 8sur map, Bwlch y Rhiw (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Bach y Rhyw 1 834PR Llanychaearn, Bachyrheu 1 843TMS, Bachrhew 1 886PR Llanbadam­ fawr, Bach-y-rhew OS 1 89 1 , Bach-y-rhew OS1 904 Bane -(SN 626-769) [banc]; Bane OS 1 89 1 Bane Ty-llwyd -(SN 600-773)[banc + tn. Ty-llwyd (64-a)] ; Bane Ty-11\Vyd OS 1 89 1 , Banc-ty-llwydd 0Sc. 1 950 Bildins -(SN 623-789)[E. buildings]; [6�'brldigz, now farm,nant'e�s D. Evans] Nanteos Farm 1 822 in 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p. 1 02, Ffarm newydd Nant Eos 1 827PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nant Eos Buildings 1 829PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Buildings 1 833PR Llanbadam-fawr, New Farm 1 834-38 in 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 03, Buildings 1 935 D.J.Evans p. 1 02, Fferm y Buildings 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p. 1 1 5, New Farm Nanteos 'was its first name' 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 02, Nanteos Home Farm OS 1 89 1 , (c) Building Covert OS 1 89 1 , Ffarm y Buildings 1 982 Ddolen n. 39 R J. Moore-Colyer [ 1 980: 6 1 ] talks of improvements to the home farm c. 1 8 1 0, presumably the years Bildins was built. There were, however, dilapidated farm buildings at Nanteos in 1 799-1 800 [ 1 980 R. J. Moore-Co1yer: 73 ] . Biwla -(SN 706-784) [Bibl.tn. Beulah] ; Beulah, Dyffiyn Poeth 1 85 1Rel cens. p . 537, Dyffryn Paith 1 875 R A. Thomas p. l l 9, Independent Chapel O S 1 89 1 , Beulah, Aberystwyth c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p. 278, Capel Beulah OS 1 904, Beula 1 946 T.Beynon p. 90, Beulah (Dyffiyn Paith) 1 979 E. G. Bowen p. 8 1 b. 1 842 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 537; 1 875 R . A Thomas: 1 1 9; c. 1 902 E . R . Horsfall-Turner: 278] ; denom I ; cf Pontpaith (64-b). Blaenhwilog -(SN 633 -775)[blaen + hn. Hwilog] ; Blaenhwilog 1 827PR L1anilar, Tynygors (sic) 1 843TMS, Blaen-wylog OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-hwylog O S 1 904 Bronystwyth -(SN 595-787)[bron + hn. Ystwyth] ; Bronystwyth OS 1 982 Bryn -(SN 595-770) [bryn] ; Brynglas ? 1 777 Cymerau MSS , Bryn Glas ? 1 789 Cymerau MSS, Bryn OOS 1 82 1 , Bryn OS1 834, Brin Glass ? 1 842 Cymerau MSS, Bryn OS 1 891 Bryndu -(SN 608-776)[bryn + du]; Bryn-du OS1 834, Bryndu 1 843TMS, Bryn-du OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-du OS 1 904 Bryneos -(SN 608-787)[bryn + tn. [Nant] eos (64-a)] ; Bryneos OS 1 982 Brynrhedyn -(SN 632-769)[bryn + y + rhedyn] ; Bryn Rhedyn OS 1 982 Bwlch-baeh -(SN 607-793) [bwlch (+ bach)] ; [bulx'ba:x D. Evans] Bwlchbach 1 800PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bwlch issa 1 804PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bwlch issa 1 8 1 8sur map, Bwlch bach OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch-bach OS 1 834, Bwlch-bach OS 1 89 1 Bwlehgeuffordd -(SN 63 1 -772)[bwlch + y + cau + ffordd] ; [bulx'gi·f�r J . Jones] Bwlch Geuffordd 1 71 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch y Geiffordd 1 73 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch y Goy Ffordd 1 768 R.Evans MSS, Bwlch y Goyffordd 1 803map J. Singer, Bwlchygeifordd 1 804PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Bwlchygeiforo 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlchygeiffor 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch y 957

(64) CREUDDYN Gaifordd 1 81 7PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch y Gauffordd OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch-y-geuffordd OS 1 834, Bwlchgeuffordd 1 843TMS, Bwlch y Geufford 1 844TMS Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Bwlch-y-geuffordd OS 1 89 1 Bwlch-mawr -(SN 609-793)[bwlch (+ mawr)] ; [bolz'mawr D . Evans] Tythen Bulghe Glaskeric ? 1 573 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Y-Bwlch-mawr 1 606-07 Gog. OS pp. 82-83, Tythin y Bwlch 1 620 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn y Bwlch 1 687 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Bwlch 1 7 1 8PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bwlch y Quarel 1 760CF, Bwlch 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 32 1 , Bwlch ucha 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch 1 8 1 8sur map, Bwlch mawr OOS 1 82 1 , Bwlch-mawr OS1 834, Bwlch-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Y Bwlch 1 991 J.E.Davies p.33 The cwarel refers to Cwarel-mawr (64-b). Cefncoch -(SN 598-779)[cefn + coch] ; [keven'ko:z R Richards] Tythin y Keven Coch 1 643 Pengelli MSS, Cefn Coch OOS 1 82 1 , Cefn-coch OS1 834, Tythin Ce:fu Coch als. Tyr Cefn Coch 1 834 NLW misc. MS S vol. 3 p. 5, Cefn-coch OS1 891 , Cefn-coch OS1 904 Cefnllech -(SN 627-779)[cefn + y + llech] ; [keven'le:z D. Evans] Tythin Pant y Llech 1612/ 1 3 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Cefn Llech 1714PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ceven Llech 1775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Keven Llech 1 791 Hendrefelen MSS, Cefenllech 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cefnlloch, Cefnllech 1 8 1 8sur map, Cefn Llech OOS 1 82 1 , Cefn-llech OS 1 89 1 Cf Brennan (62-a). Cenels -(SN 624-787)[£. kennels]; [kenels D. Evans] Nanteos Cottage OS1 904, Kennels 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 5 Craig-y-bwch -(SN 607-761 )[craig + y + bwch] ; Kraig y BWr-h 1 687PR Llanilar, Kraig y Buch ? 1 771 Castlehill MSS, Craig y Bwch 1 776PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Craig y Broch 1 777 Cymerau MSS, Craig y Bwch 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Craig Bulch 1 842 Cymerau MSS, Craig y Bwch 1 843TMS, Craig-y-bwch OS 1 891 Cf Craig-y-bwch (64-b). Cruclas -(SN 612-763)[crug + glas]; [krrldas J. Evans] Cruglas, Crug-las 1 820PR Llan:fihangel-y-creuddyn, Crug Las OOS 1 82 1 , Craig-las OS 1 834, Crug-glas OS 1 89 1 Inexistent [os 1904 ] . Cwmgaseg -(8N 612-769)[cwm + y + caseg] ; Kwm y Gasseg 1 587 Cwrt-mawr MS8, Cym y Gasseg 1 679PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm y Gasseg 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm y Gaseg 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 8, Cwm Caseg 1 772PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Casseg 1 803PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwmygaseg 1 8 1 8sur map, Cwm y Gaseg 008 1 82 1 , Cwmgasseg 1 843 TM8, Cwm-y-gaseg 08 1 891 , Cwmcaseg 1 894 J.Evans p. 54, Cwmcaseg OS1 982 The form Cwmcaseg is a readjustive delenition, cf Brynfrdn (33-a), Cwmfuwch (21 -a). Cwmgaseg-fach -(SN 608-773)[cwm + y + caseg (+ bach)]; Cwmcaseg fach 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmgaseg fach 1 809PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm-y-gaseg-fach 08 1 834 Cwmhwilog -(8N 61 9-774)[cwm + hn. Hwilog] ; Randir apud Yweloc ? 1 277-80 in 1 897 RA.Roberts p . l l 9, Cwm Whilog 1 685 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Cwm Whilogg 1 685 Cwrt-mawr M88, Cwmittw, 'now called' Cwm Whilogg 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MS8, Cwm Hilog 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 9, Cwm Hwilog 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmhwylog 1 783PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Cwm Wylog 008 1 82 1 , Cwm Whilog 1 827PR Llanilar, Cwm-chwilog 08 1 834, Cwm Haulog 1 836PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Cwm-heulog OS1 891 , Cwm-hwylog 08 1 904 This place-name - along with Blaenhwilog (64-a) refers to a tributary of the river Paith, however as this site is over 800m away, and, more importantly, hidden from the view of that stream, we must assume that the name has probably removed to this site from another site to the E. The early form Yweloc - whose equivalence with Cwmhwilog is far from being established - appears to be the same as the hn. Y Felog (Caerns.), Efelawg [c.1200 cart Aberconwy] , which I. Williams [ 1 945: 56 ] compared with the OW.pn. Uuelauc, which would have given MnW. * Ufelog, found in Brittonic personal-names such as MB. Uuel, a saint's name [ 1 909 J. Loth: 306-07] , and the Cornish tn. Saint Eval (Cornwall), Sanctus Uvel 1 260 [ 1 988 o. J. Padel: 82] , the OB.pns. Uvel, Huelueu, Huelin, MB.pn. Uhelveu [ 1890 J. Loth: 140, 236 ] , interpreted as uhel 'high' by J. Loth) - the contention by J. T. Koch [ 1 985: 400, 407-09] that initial in Uuelauc and Vuelbiu [(c.610)c. l 1 40 LL: 161 ] represents [w-] - not //uv-// - which would have given *Guelauc and *Guelbiu in -

958

(64) CREUDDYN late Old Welsh, while feasible, is made unlikely by the fourteenth-century attestation of the pn. Euelvew in North Wales [1 945 I. Williams: 56] , an exact cognate to the B. Huelueu, Uhelveu. As the meaning of ufel is 'fire, sparks', and is cognate with I. aoibheal 'glowing coal ember' [GGB s.v. aoibheal] , it is likely that ufelog, as an adjective, means something akin to 'fiery, glowing, shining'. It is, however, quite possible that Yweloc is simply a garbled form of the more securely attested Hwilog. The obvious comparison for the hn Hwilog is with Chwilog (Caerns.) with the meaning '(place) abounding with beetles', though chwilog meaning 'guillemot' must cannot wholly be disregarded, cf Pant-hwilog (48-a), Cwmidw (76-a). Cwm Pantgwyddfol -(SN 6 1 8-761 )[cwm + tn. Pantgwyddfol (64-a)] ; [kum J. Evans] Cwm-pant-gwyfol OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-pant-y-gwyfol OS 1 904 Cwrtffansi -(SN 603-787)[cwrt + y + ffansi] ; [kurt'fansi D. Evans] Cwrtfansy 1 805PR Llanbadam-fawr, Curtfancy 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Courtfancy 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwrt-y-fancy OS 1 89 1 , Cwrt Ffansi 1 946 T.Beynon p. 90 Felin-newydd -(SN 588-787) [y + melin + newydd] ; Mill 1 803map J. Singer, Mill 1 8 1 8sur map, Mill 1 800'ii Nanteos fpls., Felin newydd (Corn) OS 1 891 Fountains -(SN 622-788)[£. fountains]; [fawnten D. Evans] Fountains OS 1 982 Built c. 1 970 by a professor in the nearby university's French department [inf D. Evans] . This appears to be a recent name that has nothing to do with other Cardiganshire places named Ffowntan (E. Fountain) which usually denoted inns . Garregwen -(SN 642-775)[tn. Garregwen (62-a)] ; Garreg Wen OS 1 982 This is a bungalow named after Garregwen (62-a). Garth Dinas -(SN 596-799)[garth + tn. [Pen]dinas (65-b)] ; Garth Dinas OS 1 982 Geufron -(SN 60 1 -800) [y + cau + bron] ; [gejvr�n D. Evans] Tythyn y Geyuron 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Geufron 1 723PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyr y Goyfron 1 762 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p.2, Goifron 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 324, Geifron als. Godor Goch 1 777 Cymerau MSS, Geifron als. Godergoch 1 789 Cymerau MS S, Geifron 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Geivron 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gaufron OOS 1 82 1 , Geufron O S 1 834, Ty y Goyfron 1 834 NLW misc. MS S vol.3 p.5, Gaufron 1 843TMS, Geufron OS 1 891 The word godor in toponymy is to be interpreted as 'gap, opening' according to GPC [s.v. godor], the etymology which is given by it being from go- + torr 'break'. However its other well-attested meanings ­ especially in Middle Welsh legal texts - of 'delay (of judgement), prorogation; interrruption, discontinuance, hindrance, impediment', make it seem a cognate of B. goudor 'a shelter', vn. goudori 'to shelter'. The pronunciation of goudori given as g u' d o· ri [1 995 F. Favereau s.v. goudoriii] rule out a word composed with torr 'break'. The etymology of goudor given by E. Ernault [GMB: 281] as connected to MB . godoer, goudoer gl. Latin cama (i.e. 'small bed'), itself a derivative in -er of an unattested B. *gouda (cf W. godo 'shelter, cover', +- go- + to) does not seem possible if B. goudor and W. godor are indeed cognate. The meaning 'shelter' (a habitation, or geographical situation) may be preferable to 'gap' which is however expressed in Welsh by a number of terms bwlch, adwy, drws, a study of the situations of toponyms with godor might shed some light on the matter, see sub godor [GPC s.v. godor] ; cf Godor (SJ 1 21 5, Pontrobert, Monts.; SJ 09-30, Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, Denbs.). Gilfachgoch -(SN 642-778)[y + cilfach + coch]; [gdvax,'go:z D. Evans] Gilfach Goch 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 7, Gilfach Goch 1 774PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gilfachgoch 1 81 8sur map, Gilfach Goch OOS 1 82 1 , Gilfach-goch OS 1 891 Glanrafon -(SN 61 4-803)[glan + yr + afon]; [glan'rav�n S . Thomas, D. Evans] Glan yr Mon ? 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyn Ddol 1 73 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n y Ddol 1 73 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n Ddol 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyddyn y Ddol als. Tyddyn Glan yr Mon 1 755 Castlehill MSS , Glan yr Mon 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 330, Clanyrafon ? 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glan'rafon ? 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glan yr Mon 1 803map J. Singer, Glamafon ? 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glanyrafon 1 8 1 8sur map, Glan yr Mon OOS 1 82 1 , Glan'r-afon OS 1 834, Glanrafon 1 843 TMS, Glan-yr­ afon OS 1 89 1 , Glan'rafon 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 1 30, Glanyrafon Industrial Estate OS 1982, Stad Ddiwydiannol Glanrafon 1 987 Angor n 97

959

(64) CREUDDYN Destroyed - sometime before 1 982 [O S1982 ] - and replaced by the highways' depot [inf. D. Evans] . The identification of this site with a place named Manafan is due to W. Rees [ 1 933map] who located it on the site of Glanrafon (presumably on the strength of the similarity of their realisations), and was followed by R J. Thomas [ 1 934 BBCS: 7.273; 1 942: 35], the identification is far from being certain (see sub Llety­ fWyalchen, 64-a), but the later forms of Manafan, preceded by dol are more likely to be connected to the alias Tynddol, rather than to the present name Glanrafon. The forms of Mancifan are: Randir apud Mananam [ 1277-80 in 1 897 R. A Roberts: 1 20], 'i Ddol Mynafon' [fl.1 365 in 1 935 BBCS: 7.273], 'i ddol Manafan' [fl. 1 365 DG: 3 1 5], variant spellings in Dafydd ab Gwilym's MSS being: Mynafon, Velaon, Falaon, Felayon, Yr Auron [fl.1 365 DG: 3 16] ; Mwyafon [fl. l 365 in 1 934 BBCS: 7.273]; it is likely to have the same derivation as Manafon (Monts.), which superficially appears to contain man 'place' + afon 'river', but may well have another derivation, M. Richards [1 967-70: 1 63 ] posited ma- + pn. Anafon. Glanrafon Cottage -(SN 61 5-804)[tn. Glanrafon (64-a) + E. cottage] ; Glan-yr-afon Cottage OS 1 904 Glanpaith -(SN 605-788) [glan + hn. Paith] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS1 834, Glanpaith 1 843TMS, Glan-paith OS1 891 Glasgrug -(SN 622-805)[y + glas + crug]; [glaskr�g E. Griffiths, D. Evans, laskrig , atlaskrig S . Thomas] Randir apud Glasgrug 1 277-80 in 1 896 RA.Roberts p. 1 1 9, Y Glasgruc 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p. 92, Tythyn Glasgryg 1 547 Cwrt-rnawr MSS, Glaskrig 1 556 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Glaskrygg 1 565 F. Green MSS vol. 25 n. 37, Y Glassgruc 1 5 65 W. Cynwal p. 1 34, Glasgrug c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 50, o Lasgrug c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.29, Glass-grig 1 622 Gog. OS p. l 7, Glasgerige 1 650 EMWDS 4 1 , i Lasgrug >1 667 Itin.R Vaughan p. 848, Glasgric 1 679PR Llanbadam-fawr, Glasgryge c. 1 693 RepWMSS vol. l pt. 2 p. 739, Glas Grig 1 73 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glas Greeg 1 764 Nanteos fpl 334, Lasgrug 1 789PR Llanbadam­ fawr, Lasgrug 1 794PR Llanbadam-fawr, Glas Crug 1 803map J. Singer, Glasgreeg 1 8 1 8sur map, Las Crug OS 1 834, Lasgrug 1 843TMS, Las-crug OS 1 891, Glascrug OS1 904 (cs) Llechwedd Glass, Cae Glas (prox. ) [ 1 800Y2 Nanteos fpl.292] ; cf Gwengrug (64-a); see sub Pont Llanbadam (65-b). Glyndderwen -(SN 637-792)[glyn + y + derwen] ; [glm't)erwen D. Evans] Glyn-dderwen OS 1 904, Glyn-adderwen OS 1 982 b. 1 904 [inf. D. Evans] . Gors(i) -(SN 632-775)[y + cors]; Gors 1 799PR Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Y Gors OOS 1 82 1 , Y Gors OS1 834, Gorse 1 843TMS, Gors Farm OS 1 982 GORS(ii) -(SN 630-773)[tn Gors(i) (64-a)] ; [i·r'g ;,rs D. Evans] Gors-rach Inn OS 1 89 1 , Gors OS1 904, 'New Cross's old name was' Pentref y Gors 1 979 Ddolen n. 1 3 " Y Gors sylwer: dyma'r enw y bydd y Ddolen yn e i arddel yn hytrach na'r enw 'New Cross'. Gymaint yn dlysach yw'r hen enw. Y Gors . . . enw cyntaf, a ddefnyddwyd am y gymdogaeth a'r pentref " The signs New Cross taken down by the Council [ 1 978 Ddolen: 4]. Gors-fach -(SN 629-774)[y + cors (+ bach)] ; Ty bach yn y Gorse 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Gors fach 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Gors fach (prox. Blaenhwilog) OOS 1 82 1 , Gors-fach OS 1 834, Gors fach 1 834PR Llanflhangel-y-creuddyn, Gorse fach 1 836PR L1anflhangel-y-creuddyn, Cors-rach OS1 891, Gors rach O S 1 982 Gors-isa -(SN 628-775) [y + cors (+ isaf)] ; Gors-isaf OS 1 982 Gors-ucha -(SN 63 5-773)[y + cors (+ uchaf)] ; Tuy yn y Gorse 1 690rent £ 20, Gors 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty yn y Gorse 1 756 Crosswood MSS, Tynygorse 1 768rent Crosswood, Tythyn y Gorse 1 770 Crosswood MSS, Gorse 1 776PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Ty'n y Gors OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn-y-gors OS1 834, Gors-uchaf O S 1 891 Gosen -(SN 590-789)[Bibl.tn. Goshen] ; Gosen 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 535, Capel-gosen (Welsh Calv. Meth. ) O S 1 89 1 , Gosen, Rhyd-y-velin c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 276, 'gelwid ef yn' Gapel Tynlon 'ar ol ty cyfagos' 1 986 Ddolen n. 84, Goshen 1 987 B.J.Rawlins p. 3 5 b. 1 74 1 [c.1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Tumer: 276]; b. c. 1 760 [ 1987 B . J . Rawlins: 35]; b. 1 796 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 535; 1 979b E. Jones: 4); reb. 1 786 [ 1 986 Ddolen: 84]; reb. 1 824 (1 851Rel cens.: 535]; reb. 1 867 [ 1 986 Ddolen: 84] ; denom. CM. Grug-yr-awel -(SN 609-795) [grug + yr + awel] ; [grig�'rawel D. Evans] 960

(64) CREUDDYN Grugyrawel OS 1 982 Gwarfelin -(SN 594-794)[gwar + y + melin] ; Gwar y Felin 1 764 Nanteos fpl.3 20, Gwaryfelin 1 8 1 8sur map, Gwaryfelin OOS 1 82 1 , Llanangwaryfelin 1 843 TMS, Gwarfelin 1 878 in 1 979b E. Jones p.6, Gwar-y-felin OS 1 89 1 Gwarfelin-fach -(SN 594-792)[gwar + y + melin (+ bach)] ; Gwar-y-felin-rach O S 1 904 Gwelfro -(SN 6 1 4-794)[gwel + bro]; [gwelvr;J D. Evans] Gwel:fron OS 1 982 Gwengrug -(SN 600-786) [gwyn + crug] ; [WDJQriQ D. Evans] Randir de Kevene Grug ? 1 277-80 in 1 896 R A.Roberts p. 1 1 9, Wengrig 1 7 1 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhue Las (prox.) 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, [ ]en Grig 1 73 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Wengrug 1 78 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tythin Gwengryg als. Neyadd Ryffydd ap Dafydd, Tythinyrhulas (prox.) 1 789 NLW misc. MSS vol. 3 p. 3, Wayn Grug 1 803map J.Singer, Rhywlas (prox.) 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Rhywlas (prox.) 1 808PR Llanychaearn, Y Waun Grug OOS 1 82 1 , Wen-grug 1 824PR Llanddeinoel, Wern-grug OS 1 834, Tythyn Gwengryg als. Neyadd Ryff)rdd ap David + Tythin Rhiwlas, 'now commonly' Wengryg 1 834 NLW misc. MSS vol. 3 p. 6, Wengrug 1 843TMS, Waen-grug OS 1 89 1 , a'r Waungrug 1 946 T.Beynon p. 90, Waen-grug 0Sc. 1 950 This appears to have been named in opposition to Glasgrng (64-a); gwen- for gwyn- is an attested variation, cf hn. Gwendraeth (Carms.), Gwenddwr (Brees.). Hafandeg -(SN 633-770)[hafan + teg] ; Hafan Deg OS 1 982 Hawen -(SN 632-769)[tn. Hawen(ii) (10-a)] ; Hawen OS 1 982 Henrhyd -(SN 625-784)[hen + rhyd]; Tythin y Rhen Rhydd 1 626 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn yr Henrhyd, 'in a place called' Dyffiyn Paith 1 63 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn yr Henryd 1 688 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Henrheed fawr 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 333, Henr)rd 1 770PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Henrhyd 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Hendryd 1 803PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, ar Fane yr Hendryd 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 02, Hendryd 1 93 5map D.J.Evans Located between Bildins (64-a) and New Cross (64-a) [1 935map D. J. Evans] . Horeb -(SN 628-773)[Bibl.tn. Horeb] ; [�sk;Jl�'g;Jrs held i n vestry D. Evans] Horeb Chapel (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , at Gapel als. Y Gors fach 'fel ei gelwir hefyd' 1 894 Geninen p. 1 58, Horeb, Gors c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276, Capel Horeb OS 1 904, Gors C. 1 945 WLS, 'cott. called' Jal fach 'on Horeb's site before 1 859' 1 979 Ddolen n. 1 3, Ysgol y Gors 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p.32 b. 1 867 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 276] ; denom. CM. The daily school was established after c. 1 890, children before its establishment would frequent Ysgol Capel Seion (64-a) [inf D. Evans] , closed bet. 1 949-61 [1 945 WLS; 1 961 WLS] . Lanlwyd -(SN 612-759) [y + glan + llwyd]; [lan'lojd J . Evans] Tythin y Lan Lowyd 1 643 Pengelli MSS , Lane-lwyd 1 7 1 3 Llanllawddog MS S p.40, Lanlwyd 1 71 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanlwyd isa (prox.) 1 752PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llanlwyd 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llan Lwyd OOS 1 82 1 , Lan-llwyd OS 1 834, Lanlwyd 1 843TMS, Lan-1\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Linden Lea -(SN 602-794)[E.tn. Linden Lea] ; [hnd�n'li: D. Evans] Linden Lea OS 1 982 Llain -(SN 604-795)[1lain] ; [lajn D. Evans] Llain OS 1 89 1 LLANFARIAN -(SN 589-777) [ ? + marian] ; [ia'varjan D. Williams, pentre'b;Jnt D . M Jones] 'parcel' Tir Ysgenvaen 'in township' Llanvarian 'in Llanbadam-fawr' 1 641 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Llanvarian 1 679PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llanvarian 1 709PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanvarian 1 760CF, Pontllanychaiam, (c) Pont Llanchaiarn 1 803map J. Singer, Pen y Bont Llanychaiarn 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pontllanychaiarn 1 8 1 4PR Llanychaearn, Penbon Lanachaiam 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanvarian 1 81 4PR Llanychaearn, Pontllanychaiarn 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Bont Llanychaiarn 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanfaran 1 8 1 6PR Llanychaearn, Pontllanachaiarn 1 8 1 8PR Llanddeinoel Pentre Bont 1 8 1 9PR Llanddeinoel Llanachaiarn Bridge 1 820PR Llanychaearn, Llanychaiarn Bridge 1 821PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pont Llannwchaiarn OOS 1 82 1 , Pentre'r Bont OS1 834, Pentre Pont Llanychaiarn 1 83 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr, 'village' Pontllanychaiarn 1 85 1 Ab cens. , Pentre-pont 1 852PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pontllanychaiarn 1 878 in 96 1

(64) CREUDDYN 1 979b E. Jones p.6, Pentre-bont OS 1 89 1 , Pentre-bont OS 1 904, Llanfarian 0Sc. 1 950,

(c)

hen Bont

Llanfarian 1 97 5 Bro Ystwyth n. 1 , Pentre-bont O S 1 982, Nantfarian 'oedd yr hen enw' 1 992 G.Morgan p. 2 The location of the original

Llanfarian

is problematic for it seems to disappear from the records after

1 8 1 6 only to reappear as the name of the present village of Llarifarian by the mid twentieth century. The

Llanfarian

present village of

Llanychaeam

has crystalised around the original village of

Pentre-bont

Pont

or

near the bridge, the station named Llanrhystud Road which cannot have been in existence

before 1 867, and twentieth-century

Ffigur-ffor across the river in Llanychaearn parish. For most of the earlier part of the Llanrhystud Road (64-a) was the official designation of this village, though Llanfarian

has now reasserted itself as the name of the area. The earliest attestation of the name is as a township or an area of land in Llanbadarn-fawr parish, which was still reflected in the early nineteenth-century

Troedrhiw Llanfarian, and Ty-llwyd. The fact that the original location of Penrheffyn, 64-a) is not known makes this name more difficult to interpret. On the face of it the name seems composed of llan 'church', though there is no direct or even circumstancial evidence of any religious site near the present village of Llanfarian (though as there was a township of Llanfarian in 1 64 1 some - though not I - might take this to imply a chapelry). To me it seems more feasible that is a reduced form of /lain 'strip' ( cf. Llaingawsai, 66-a ), or reanalysed from glan distinguishers given to

Llanfarian

(see sub

'bank, hill', such changes of elements are common, but I do not believe I have examples of the interchange of these particular terms which are as old as the seventeenth century. Another element which replaced is

nant

llan

has

'valley, brook', but I do not know of any attestation of nant in the forms of Llanfarian

Brynarian (1 8-a),

(such a composition however is evidenced for second element seems to be

marian

which was

Nant Varian in 1 565). The Brynarian, 1 8-a) , which

'graveL pebbles, shingle, moraine, scree' (c£

would be fitting for the riverside area south and west of Pentre-bont. For the similarity between Rhydfvrian and Llan(arian, see sub Rhydfyrian (64-a). The earliest form gives a nearby place containing the word esgynfaen 'stonemount (for mounting a horse)'. Comprising: 1) Ffigur-f±Or (52-a), 2) Llanrhystud Road, 3) Maesisfryn, 4) Penrhefzyn, 5) Pontllolwyn (52-a), 6) Royal Oak (52a), 7) Ysgoldy'rbont, 8) Ysgo1 Llanfarian (52-a). Llanrhystud Road -(SN 5 8 1 -778)[tn. Llanrhystud (SO-a) + E. road] ; Llanrhystyd Road Station OS 1 89 1 , Stesion Llanrhystyd 1 93 6 W. A.Bebb p.25 This station must post-date 1 867, when the railway linking Llanbedr and Aberystwyth was completed; dest. 1 988; see sub Llanfarian (64-a). Llechweddllwyfen -(SN 598-791 ) [llechwedd + llwyfen] ; Llechwedlloyden >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Llech 1 3 02-03rent ns. 1 6-1 7, Tythyn John a p Owen als. Tir Owen ap Ieuan Lloid yn Llechwedd Llwyfen 1 62 1 Coleman MS 1 05, Tyddyn John ap Owen als. Tir Owen ap Evan Lloyd yn Llechwedd Llwifen 1 68 1 Coleman MS 1 3 1 , Tythyn John ap Owen als. Tir Owen ap Evan Lloyd yn Llechwead Llwyfen 1 684/85 CD 74, Tyddyn John ap Owen als. Tyr Owen ap Evan Lloyd yn Llechwedd Llwyfen 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llechwedd Llwyven 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Llechwedd Llwyfon 1 73 6PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llechwedd Llwvon 1 760CF, Llechwedd Llwifon 1 764 Nanteos

fPl 3 20,

Llechweollwfon

1 803PR Llanbadam-fawr,

Llechwedd

Llwyfon

1 8 1 8sur

map,

Llechwedd Llwyfan OOS 1 82 1 , Llechwedd-Llwyfan O S 1 891 , Llechwedd Llwyfen OS 1 904, Llechwedd­ llwyfen, Llechwedd Llwyfan 1 980 Ddolen n. 1 9

Llety-fwyalchen

-(SN 627-806)[1lety

'Lie tew

lletyau mwyeilch'

+ yr + mwyalchen] ; fl. 1 365 DG p. 3 1 6,

(c)

Llether y Whialchen

1 764 Nanteos fP1. 337,

Lletty'rfwialch 1 775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lletty'r Fwyalchen 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantyfialchen (sic)

1 803PR

Llanbadarn-fawr,

Llettyrfalchen

1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Llettyrfialchen

1 809PR

Llanbadam-fawr, Nithyfialchen 1 8 1 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nethyfialchen 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llety y Fialchen 1 8 1 6PR Llanbadam-fawr, Lletyfialchen 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nith Wialchen 1 823PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nythfialchen 1 826PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lletty-fialchdre OS 1 834,

(c720) Cae Gwar y (c) Cae Tanlletty (prox.) 1 800Yz Nanteos fpl.292, Llety'rwyddwalchen, 'so wrote John Ieuan Gwyllt) ( 1 822-77), but nearly without exception colloquially, and sometimes in print,

Lletty 1 843TMS, Roberts (bn.

one got' Llety'r Fwyalchen 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p. 1 0 1 The earliest form, a line of Dafydd ab Gwilym, may well refer t o this place, note another line of his poetry containing a north Cardiganshire place-name, see sub

Bwlch-y-maen (76-b).

The attribution of this line to

this particular place seems more probable when we consider that it appears in the same poem as

Manafan,

which has been tentatively identified with nearby ( 1 . 3km)

962

Glanrafon (64-a).

Dol

Note the

(64) CREUDDYN substitution of nyth 'nest' for llety between 1 8 1 1-26, possibly prompted through reading a form such as 1 8 1 3 , Nethyfialchen. Lluest -(SN 6 1 7-792)[lluest] ; (c) Cae Lluast y Fedw (prox. ) 1 793 Nanteos fpl. 304, (c) Llechweo Gwar Llyast (prox. ) 1 8 1 0 Nanteos fpls., Lluast 1 8 1 8sur map, Lluest OOS 1 821, Lluest OS 1 834, Lluest Lowdden 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 02 Lluest-y-wenci -(SN 600-798)[1luest + y + gwenci] ; [pen bagk, (c) lo:n ,iiest�'wegki my father would say D. Evans] Llyest Lleykey ?? 1 723 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyast y Wenky 1 73 3 Crosswood MSS, Lluast y Weneu 1 78 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lluastywencu 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lluastywency 1 804PR Llanbadam­ fawr, Lluast Wencei 1 8 1 8sur map, Lluest OOS 1 82 1 , Lluest OS 1 834, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 The form o f 1 723 was i n the liberty of Aberystwyth, whose boundary was 450m w o fLluest-y-wenci. Loj Nanteos -(SN 6 12-786) [loj + tn. Nanteos (64-a)]; [�'l:>d3, bd3,nant'e:>s D. Evans] Nanteos Lodge 1 85 1 cens. , Lodge OS 1 89 1 , i Lodge Nanteos 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 99, The Lodge OS1 982 Lyndhurst -(SN 599-796)[E.tn. Lyndhurst (Hampshire)] ; [r:>bmz'mi:d now D. Evans] Lyndhurst 0Sc. 1 950 Maes-y-deri -(SN 63 5-792)[maes + y + deri]; Maes-y-deri OS 1 982 Maeshywel -(SN c. 596-789)[maes + pn. Hywel] ; Tythyn Maes Hoell 1 666 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Maes Howell 1 666 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Tyddyn Maes Howell 1 693 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Mas Howell 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 308, MaeshowelL Mashowell 1 8 1 8sur map, (c) Mashowell issa + cannol 1 8 1 8sur map Maesisfryn -(SN 590-778)[maes + is + bryn] ; Maes Isfryn O S 1 982 A housing estate, b. 1 945> [1 975 Bro Ystwyth: 1]. Melin Rhydfelin -(SN 593-792)[melin + tn. Rhydfelin (64-a)] ; Molendino de Led1 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 MRhys p.20 1 , Y Velin vach ? 1 666 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Melin Lowdden als. Melin vach als. Felin vach 'on Paith' ? 1 685 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Melin Lowdden 'now called' Melin fach als. Y Felin fach ? 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS , 'water mill called' Velin vach ? 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Y Velin vach ? 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Velin vach als. Melin Lowdden ? 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Y Velin vach ? 1 693 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Rhydy Felin Mill 1 802PR Llanbadam-fawr The somewhat circular name Melin Rhydfelin was, as the 13 0 1 form indicates originally called Melin Llechweddllwyfen, from the neighbouring holding Llechweddllwyfen which was a lordship in medieval times. Melinlawdden or Felin-fach was probably another mill upriver on the river Paith, for it is noted "adjoining Nanteos" [1689 Cwrt-mawr MSS]. Middlefield -(SN 596-797)[E. middle + field] ; [m1dfild D. Evans] Millfield 1 8 1 8sur map, Middle-field 1 852PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Middlefield OS 1 89 1 , Middlefield 0Sc. 1 950, Midfield OS 1 982 If the earliest form can be trusted, the name refers to the Melin Rhydfelin (64-a). The subsequent forms may represent false restitution of what was considered a reduced pronunciation of middle in the name, the present form - Midfield - cannot be ascribed to natural phonetic development, and seems to represent a deliberate attempt to shorten the place-name. Moreia -(SN (ii)6 1 9-794)[Bibl.tn. Moriah] ; [m:>'reja, i,bentre,m:>'reja D. Evans] Ty Cwrdd Rhoslowdden 1 830-38 in 1 935 D.J.Evans p. 1 02, Moriah 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 535, Bapt. Chap. (Strict), Moriah OS 1 89 1 , Aberystwyth, Moriah c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.28 1 , Capel Moriah + Moriah OS 1 904, Moria 1 935 D.J.Evans p. 1 02, (vill) Moria 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p. 1 47, i) SN 627-797. b. l 8 1 8. Wernddu Cottage (64-a) on its site. ii) SN 61 9-794. b. 1 828-29 [1 851Rel cens.: 535; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 281 ; 1 935 D. J. Evans: 147] ; b. 1 8 88 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 69] ; denom. B. Nanteos -(SN 620-786)[nant + eos] ; [nant'ews E. Griffiths, i-r'udlanz, wudlans D. Evans] Nanteos 1 664 Coleman MS 1 27, Nanteos 1 685PR Llanbadam-fawr, Noyadd Lawdden als. Nant Eos 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Neyadd Lowdden, 'now called' Nant Eos 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Nanteos als. Neuadd Lowdden 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nanteuos als. Neuadd Lowdden 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Neuadd Lowdden, 'now' Nanteos 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nanteos 1 699map W.Waller, Nanteos 1 707 '

963

(64) CREUDDYN E.Lhuyd subscription list, Nanteos 1 803map J.S inger, Nantoes 1 8 1 8sur map, Nantios OOS 1 821 , Nantews 1 978 Ddolen n. 1 , Nanteos + Woodlands Farm OS 1 982 The original name of this place appears to have been Neuaddlawdden, the name

Nanteos

having all the

appearance of a romantic coining of the late seventeenth century, probably at the time of its ownership by John Jones (t 1 685) - for other romantic coinings, c£

Lifin (68-a), Llwyngaru (33-a). The [ 1 93 5 D. J. Evans: 1 1 ] is not convincing when we remember the scarcity of the nightingale in Wales (see sub Llwyneos, 8-a), and the proverbial connotations of the bird. Note the only other ancient attestation of eos may not in fact contain eos 'nightingale', see sub Llwyneos (8-a). The stream to which Nanteos refers to is a small tributary of the river Paith: Nant Eos [OS1 891 ] . "Un peth a sylwais flynyddoedd yn ol, oedd fod tenantiaid y stad hon a'r trigolion yn yngan enw'r plas fel Nante�s. " [1 978 Ddo1en: 1 ] . The Llwyd family of Abermaed (54-a) were (according to a genealogy [c.1600 L. Dwnn: 1 .5 1 ] which seems faulty as to the number of its generations) the descendants of the early twelfth-century Uchdryd ap Edwyn. Taking the two datable poles of this genealogy - and being aware of its apparent omissions - there is a Llawdden whose jloruit appears to lie between 1 1 90-1 3 1 0. This may be the Llawdden, who flourished in the early thirteenth Lovesgrove

als.

explanation "Y mae Dyffryn Paith yn brydferth iawn ac fe glywir yr Eos ynddo yn aml. "

century, and headed a genealogy, five generations above his descendant Marged ferch Gruffudd Gryg

sub Parcrhydderch, 40-a) in the late fourteenth century [1953 BC: 3 87]. Remembering that Abermaed was part of the commote of Myfenydd, can we identify the above Llawdden with the Llawdden whose descendants were termed 'Llwyth Myfenydd' (though this particular Llawdden is made a descendant of Hywel Dda [ 1 565 w. Cynwal: 121 ]). It is possibly one of these Llawdden who married Rhydderch ab Ieuan Llwyd (see

who gave their name to a native Welsh administrative unit (which is unlocated, but was within the commote of Creuddyn), which was named

'Gwestfa Wyrion Llandeu' [c. l 3 50(1 933)map W. Rees], 'Gwestfa Wyrion Llawden' [ 1994 R. A Dodgshon: 349] , i. e. 'the gwestfa of the grandsons of Llawdden'. John Jones (t 1 685) [1912 Cymru: 42.87], lived at Nanteos [1664 Coleman MS 127] ; Maria Jones lived there [ 1685PR Llanbadam-fawr] ; The present mansion building of Nanteos dates from c. 1 739 [1981 Ddolen: 32; 1 946 T. Beynon: 91]. The Powells lost possession ofNanteos in 1 95 2 [ 1981 Ddo1en: 34]. Nant-y-gleisaid -(SN 61 6-803) [nant + y + gleisiaid] ; [nanta'glejfed D. Evans] Nantygleisiaid

1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Nantygleisied

1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Nant-y-gleisiad

O S 1 89 1 , Nantygleisiaid 1 93 5 D . J.Evans p. 1 0

Nantrhudd

-(SN 63 8-786)[nant + rhudd];

Nantreeth

1 73 8/39

[nant'hri:(') D .

Abertrinant MSS ,

Evans]

Nant Rudd

1 772PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Nantrhyd

1 794PR

Llanbadam-fawr, Nantrhyo 1 80 0PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nantyrudd 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantyrhud 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantyrhydd 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant Rhydd OOS 1 82 1 , Nant-rhudd OS 1 834, Nantrhydd 1 843 TMS , Nant-yr-hydd OS 1 89 1 C f Nantrhydd (71-a). New Cross -(SN 634-769)[£.

new + cross] ;

New Cross 1 803map J. S inger, New Cross 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, New Cross OOS 1 82 1 , New Cross OS 1 83 4, New-cross Inn P.H. + New Cross OS 1 89 1 , Groes newydd 1 978 Ddolen n. 3

Nimir

-(SN 628-773)[n.

Nirnir] ;

Nimir OS 1 982 This is the name of a deity connected with wisdom and popular in New Age groups.

Rogo

-(SN 589-777)[yr + ogof] ;

[(a')rog :> D. Jenkins]

Penrhyw'r Ogo.s. ? 1 834PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Yr Ogof als. 'Rogo 'as the villagers would call it' 1 976 Bro Ystwyth n. 3 , Rogo (sign) Now a workshop

in Pentre-bont [ 1 976 Bro Ystwyth: 3 ] ;

destroyed, a new house in its place

[inf D. Jenkins] .

Pal -(SN c. 5 92-791 )[pal] ; Ty yn y Pal 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ti yn y PaJ 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadam-fawr, Ty yn Pal 1 720PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pall 1 796PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pal 1 785PR Llanbadam-fawr, Y Pal 1 894 Geninen p.222,

(c) Rhiwpal (prox. )

1 93 1 S . M.Powell p. 22, Pale 1 93 6 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. l O l , Y Pal l 978

Ddolen n. 2, The Pal 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 3 40, Pale 1 980 Ddolen n. l 9, Pal inf.E.Evans Largest building in Rhydfelin (64-a ), built by three sisters before 1 83 6 [ 1 894 Genmen: 222] ; at bottom of Rhiw Piil, in old part of village, opp. Tanos (64-a) [1986 Ddolen: 84] ; dest. 1 977 to make room for a widened road [ 1978 CER: 8.340; 1 978 Ddolen: 2; 1 986 Ddo1en: 84].

Pandy -(SN 604-786) [pandy] ; 964

(64) CREUDDYN Pandy Paith 1 83 3PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pandy OS 1 891 Pant-y-cumau -(SN 625-772)[pant + y + cumau] ; [ pant�'k�rne D. Evans] Pant y Come 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pantycyrne 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 9, Pantycyrnau 1 829PR Llanilar, Panty Curne 1 81 8sur map, Pant y Cyrnau OOS 1 82 1 , Pant y Cyrnau OS 1 834, Pantycyrne 1 843TMS, Pant-y-cyrnau OS 1 891 , Pant-y-carne OS 1 904 The earliest form might suppose a form *cornau, rather than curnau, cf Pant-y-carnau (74-a). Pantgwyddfol -(SN 623-759) [pant + y + ? ] ; [ pantd'gwiv;,l R Jones, J. Evans] Pantgwiddfol 1 662 Crosswood MSS, Pant y Gwyfol 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pant Gwiddfoll 1 680/81 Maes-newydd MSS, Pant y Gw)rdd F61 1 73 1 PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Pant y Gwefyl (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Pant-y­ gwyfol OS 1 834, Pontgwyfol 1 844TMS Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Pant-gwyfol OS 1 89 1 , Pant-y-gwyfol OS 1 904 The simplification of the cluster [ -�v-] to [-v-] is quite regular, cf aeddfed � ejved, ;,j ved in Dyfedeg (cf hn. Aeddfed), and Cwmrhwyddfor (SH 73-12, Llanfihangel-y-pennant, Mers.) realised as kum'hrujv;,r [inf. L. Lewis, Abergynolwyn] . The term gwyddfol appears to be a compound term *gwyddfoel, cf Gwyddfryniau (SH 59-04, Llanegryn, Mers.), "Y mae tuedd i ynganu'r enw hwn yn Wyrddfryniau. " [ 1 946 W. Davies: 240] . It remains possible, however, that the second element is not moe!, but bol, cf also prenfol, see sub Carregbwci (30b). Another possibility is that gwyddfol is an unattested variant of gwyddwal 'brake, brambles, briers' (cf the variation in the term poethfel poethwel 'burnt gorse'), however cf Trewydwal (81 -a). Pantgwyn -(SN 6 1 4-795)[pant + gwyn] ; [pant'gwm D. Evans] Pant Gwynne 1 81 8sur map, Pant-gwyn OS 1 834, Pant-gwyn OS 1 891 Pant-mawr -(SN 609-756)[pant + mawr]; [(c) pen,lo·n,pant'mawr D. Jones, pant'mowr J . Evans] Pant mawr 1 771 Castlehill MSS, Pantmawr 1 777 Cyrnerau MSS, Pant mawr 008 1 82 1 , Pantrnawr 1 843TMS, Pant-mawr OS 1 891 Penrallt -(SN 6 1 5-777)[pen + yr + aUt] ; [pen'ralt D. Evans] Penyrallt 1 81 8sur map, Pen yr Allt OOS 1 821 , Pen'r Allt OS 1 834, Pen-yr-allt OS1 891 Penbanc -(SN 6 1 8-757)(Pantgwyddfol)[pen + y + bane]; [pen'bagk R Jones, J. Evans] Tan y Bane (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Pen y Bank OS 1 834, Pen-y-banc OS 1 891 , Penbanc OS1 982 Penbont -(SN 61 8-778)[pen + y + pont]; Tythin Pen y Bont 1 656 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Nantygarlleg 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penybont Llechwoo Duris ? 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penybont Llechweo Durus ? 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantygarlleg 1 8 1 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penybont Nantgarlleg 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam-fawr, Penbont Nant y Garlleg 1 823PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pen-y-Bont OS 1 834, Pen-y-Bont OS1 891 Cf Llechwedddyrys (64-b), Pontnant-y-garlleg (64-b). Pencefn -(SN 627-793) [pen + y + cefn] ; [peg'keven D. Evans] Pen y Ceven 1 7002/2 Nanteos fp1.228, Penycefn 1 805PR Llanychaearn, Pencefn 1 81 3PR Llanychaearn, cc) Tir Pen y Cefen 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen y Cefn OOS 1 821 , Pen-y-cefn OS 1 834, Pen-cefn OS 1 891, Pencefn 1 93 5 D. J.Evans p.99 Pen craig -(SN 62 1 -7 68) [pen + craig] ; Penkraigg 1 587 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn y Ty mawr yn Pen Craig 1 655 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pencraige 1 643 Pengelli MS S, Tythyn y Ty mawr yn Pen Craig 1 655 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythin Pencraicke 1 659 Hendrefelen MSS , Tythyn Pencraig 1 694 Pengelli MSS, Pencraig 1 71 2PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pen Craig OOS 1 82 1 , Pen Craig OS 1 834, Pencraig OS 1 89 1 , Fferm y Pencraig 1 99 1 J.E.Davies p. 3 3 Pencwarel - (SN 61 3-792) [pen + y + cwarel] ; [pen'kwaler D. Evans] Tyvyn Pen y Quoraell 1 5 57 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythin Pen y Quarel1 1 601 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Pen y Kwarel 1 634 Cwrt-mawr MSS, (c) Gwein y Quarell (prox.) 1 659 Hendrefelen MSS, Peniquarrell 1 672 Maes-newydd MSS, Penquarel 1 679PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen y Quarrel, Pen y Quarrell 1 687 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen Cwarrel 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen y Quarel 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 2 1 , Penycwarel 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penyquarrel 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penquarrel 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadam-fawr, Penyquarrel 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen y Chwarel OOS 1 821 , Pen-y-cwarel OS 1 834, Pen-cwarel 1 832PR Llanychaearn, Penycwarrel 1 843TMS, Pen-y-cwarel OS 1 891 , Pencwarel 1 935 D.J.Evans p. l l 8 Refers to Cwarel-mawr (64-b). Penglanywain -(SN 608-784)[pen + glan + pn. Ywain] ; Tythyn Glanowen 1 5 69 CD MS 263, Tythyn Glarn Owen 1 625/26 CD p.33, Glan Owen 1 684/85 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Glan Owen 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Pen Glan Owen 1 768PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynewyo �

965

(64) CREUDDYN Glanowen 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penowen 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Glan Owen OOS 1 821 , Pen-glan-owen OS 1 834, Pen-glan-owen OS 1 89 1 The last element could be interpreted as ywen 'yew-tree', but the balance o f the early forms favour the pn.

Ywain,

as there is no form with the definite article

Penglanywain (53-a). The Penglanfair (48-a); Penglaneinon (Cwmteuddwr, Rads.); Glansion (ST 22-95, Aberca.m, Mons.); Glan Sian Harri (SN 57-19, Llanarthne, Canns.). Pen-y-graig -(SN 58 8-784)[pen + y + craig] ; (e.g. *Glan-yr-ywen);

cf

element glan 'hill' with a qualifier other than an adjective is fairly rare, but attested, cf

Tythyn Pen y Graige 1 596 Cwrt-rnawr MS S, Tythin Penn y Graig 1 592 Cwrt-rnawr MSS , Tyddyn Pen y Craige 1 654 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tyddyn Pen y Graige 1 65 5 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Pen y Graig 1 71 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen y Graig OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 , Pengraig Draw ? 1 979 Ddolen n. 1 3

Penlanlas -(SN 606-767)[pen + y + glan + glas] ; Penlanlase 1 768PR Llanilar, Pen Lan Lan 1 77 1 Castlehill MS S , Penlan Las 1 777 Cymerau MS S, Pen Lan Las 1 789 Cymerau MS S, Penlan Las OOS 1 82 1 , Pen-Ian-las OS 1 834, Pen Lan Lass 1 842 Cymerau MS S , Pen-lan-Ias OS 1 891 Cf Penlanlas (54-a). Penlleinau -(SN 605-773) [pen + y + lleiniau] ; Penlleinau 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Lleini 1 83 5PR Llanychaeam, Pant-lleiniau OS 1 89 1 , Penlleine OS 1 982 In ruins

Penpegwns

[OS 1 904] .

-(SN 60 1 -776)[pen + y + pegwns] ;

Penypegwrn 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Pigwns OOS 1 82 1 , Penpegws 1 828PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen'­ pegwns OS 1 834, Penpegws 1 843TMS, Pen-pegws OS 1 89 1 , Penpegws Cottage O S 1 982

Penrheffyn -(SN 5 9 1 -780)[pen + rhe:ffyn] ; Pen-y-rheffyn OS 1 89 1 , Glan-arian OS 1 904, Penrheffyn 1 979b E. Jones p. 1 0 Stood near the new station on

Glanarian

probably a garbled form of Llanfarian original site of Llanfarian

(64-a).

land

[1 979b E. Jones:

1 0] .

- cf Troedyrhiwflaenarian

In Cardiganshire the meaning of

Glanarian

the alias of Penrheffyn, is

if it is the rha.ff rope , is a

1 840 - but I do not know

rhe.ffyn

as opposed to

'

'

crude type of home made rope (the meaning is 'string' only in the sense of a set of things strung together, e. g.

rheffyn o wynwns),

and whilst the constituent elements of Penrhe.ffyn are clear the significance of the

name itself is unclear. We may suspect it to be a reanalysis of *Prenrheffyn ( cf

k5pren 'hrafa 'instrument As for the adjective penrheffyn, which is not found in Welsh dictionaries, W. A Bebb ( 1 921 in 1 996 R. Humphreys: 45] quotes his mother's criticising the poetry of T. Gwynn Jones by saying the poet was braidd yn benrheffyn, where I take penrheffyn to mean 'verbose' (glossed as penri1880, closed early 1 93 0s [ 1 978 CER: 8.344] ; site at bottom of Park Avenue, which is now Gardners 11

Cash & Carry Warehouse [1 978 CER: 8.344] . Ffowndri-Grin -(SN 585- 8 1 6)[ffowndri + E. sn. Green] ; [sn. r�b�/�'fawndri, later �'ba:n A Jones]

Aberystwyth Foundry (adj . ) 1 867 in 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.336, George Green's Cambrian Iron Foundry, 'now' U. C.W. Drama Department 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 336, Univ 08 1 982, Y Ffowndri, Ffowndri George Green 1 988 Angor n. 1 04, Yr Ysgubor 1 98 8 Angor n. 1 05, Yr Hen Ffowndr� Y Sgubor 'was the main lecture room in Ffowndri Green' 1 98 8 Angor n. 1 08, Ffowndri Green 1 989 Angor n. 1 20, Bam Centre inf There were two foundries here from the mid 1 85 0s until 1 90 8 [ 1 978 CER: 8.336] . It had been converted to an agricultural college before 1 939 [ 1988 Angor: 1 08], biology department removed to the Penglais campus of Cole} A berystwyth (65-a) in 1 953 [inf D. Evans] . In 1 994-95 the area was totally razed and rebuilt as an official Job Centre, solicitors' office, and flats [inf.] . Ficrej Llanbadam -(SN 589- 8 1 4)[ficrej + tn. Llanbadarn[-fawr] (66-a)]; Vicarage OOS 1 823, Vicarage Llanbadam 1 834PR Llanbadarn-fawr, The Vicarage 1 872 T.Nicholas p.206, Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , Vicarage OS 1 904, The Old Vicarage 1 925 WGaz. 1 4/05/25, St. Padarn's RC. 1 967 WLS, Sch OS 1 982, St. Padarn 1 983 WLS, Ysgol Padarn Sant, Ysgol S ant Padarn 1 984 Angor n.64, 'r Ficerdy 1 98 8 Angor n. 1 05 This was the old vicarage of Llanbadarn-fawr, and seems to have been replaced by the newer Fierej Llanbadarn (66-a). A private Catholic school founded in c. 1 900 in the Aberystwyth area removed here in 1 922 [ 1 980 w. J. Lewis: 1 70]. Until 1 965 as an all-age school, but was recognised as a primary school by the Ministry ofEducation in 1 968 (1980 W. J. Lewis: 170]. Yr Hen-fane -(SN 582-8 1 4) [yr + hen + bane] ; Bank 1 809map W. Couling, Bank 1 834map.Wood, Yr Hen Fangc 1 89 1 NLW MS 281 5-B (i) vol. l p.6, a'r Hen Fane 1 89 1 NLW MS 2 8 1 5-B (i) vol.2 p. 5, Bank of the Black Ox 1 91 0 Nanteos (L) MS 467 1 , (pn.) Billy Ben Bane ? 1 9 1 1 Ll.Morgan p. 1 2, 'still known as ' The Old Bank 1 9 1 6 HSWWT vol. 6 p. 1 36, 'a adwaenid hyd yn ddiweddar iawn fel' The Old Bank 1 963 T.I.Ellis p. 1 5 This bank reputed to have been est. 1 762 [ 1993 leaflet D. Jenkins] ; in business between 1 806-57 [ 1 91 6 HSWWT: 6.1 35-38]. It took over the business of Bank y Llong, so named because its notes were embellished with the engraving of a ship ( 1 9 1 6 HSWWT: 6. 135]; Bane y Llong [c. 1 900 NLW MS 2813-C (i)]. Another bank in Aberystwyth was known as Ban e y Ddafad [c. 1 900 NLW MS 2813-C (i)], or more fully as Bane y Ddafad Ddu [1 916 HSWWT: 6.1 34], because of the black sheep on its notes. Yr Hosbital -(SN 592- 8 1 7)[yr + hosbital]; [1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Salt Mede 1301-02 ACRWW p. 70, Y Weirglothe Hallt 1 577 Crosswood MS S, Morva Hallt ? 1 73 8 in 1 902 G.E.Evans p. l 06, Wirglodd Hallt 1 766 Crosswood MSS, Gwerglawdd Hallt 1 769 Crosswood MSS, Gwirglodd Hallt 1 772 Crosswood MSS , Werglodd Allt c. 1 800map RM A1 1 1 , Waun-clawdd-hallt-field 1 875 Crosswood Add MSS This lay astride 'the liberties of Aberystwyth' [ 1 5 77 Crosswood MSS], but also within Llanychaearn parish [ 1 769 Crosswood MSS] ; Tanbwlch land (52-a) [ 1 875 Crosswood Add MSS]. Wig -(SN 5 8 1 -829)[y + gwig2 ] ; The Weeg 1 748map L.Morris, The Weeg 1 803map J. Singer, 'on one of those ridges of rocks called' The Weeg 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 3 1 6, Wug 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 44, Aberystwyth Bay 1 809map W.Couling, The Wug 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Aber Ystwith, Gwig OOS 1 823, 'rocks on the south side of a sandy bight called' Y Wig als. Weeg c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 82, Y Wig 1 924 WGaz. 1 0/04/24 This refers to the bight facing Aberystwyth (65-a) and Moifa-swnd (65-b) and one cannot help interpreting wig as from an obsolete E. wick derived ultimately from ON. vik 'small creek, inlet, bay' [ 1 956 EPNE: 2.23 1 ] ; cf Penwig (20-a). Both Wig ( 17-a), and Wigwen (44-a), which are inland names, probably contain a different element; cf Craig-y-wig (65-b). Yr Wllyn -(SN 579-808)[yr + ? ] ; Yr Wllyn 1 924 WGaz. 1 0/04/24, 01 /05/24, Lower Harbour 1 997 W. Troughton p.83 A small beach a t th e harbour from old Saint Davids Whaif (SN 5 80-809) [ 1 924 WGaz. 10/04/24]; at confluence of Rheidol and Ystwyth 'had an artificial opening or creek been made for the unloading of ships and for shelter?' [ 1 924 WGaz. 01/05/24]; this is almost certainly identical to Yr Uwllyn (67-b).

995

(66) PERFEDD LLANBADARN-FAWR Bildins -(SN 597-8 1 4) [E. buildings]; [�'bdd11Jz Gw. Lewis] Buildings + yard 1 843TMS, The Buildings OS 1 89 1

Y Blac-leion -(SN 599-809)[y + E. black + lion] ; [�,blak'lej:m S . Thomas] Black Lion Inn 1 843TMS, Black Lion 1 85 1 cens. , Gwesty'r Llew Du 1 91 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 9 1 Blaencwmpadam -(SN 601 -8 1 8)[blaen + tn. Cwrnpadarn (66-a)] ; [blajn,kom'padan Gw. Lewis] Blaencwrn 1 841 cens.

Blaenddoi -(SN 609-803)[blaen + y + dol] ; (c379) Rheidol Cottage 1 843TMS, Blaen-y-ddol OS 1 891 , Blaenddol 08 1 982 See Cot (66-a). Blaendolau -(SN 601 -806)[blaen + y + dolau] ; [blan'do·le Gw. Lewis] inf

Bronpadam -(SN 602- 8 1 0)[bron + tn. [Llan]badarn[-fuwr] (66-a)] ; [br:m' padan E. Williams, Gw. Lewis, br:m 'pad�n S. Thomas] Bron-padarn OS 1 89 1 , Bronpadarn 1 979 E. G. Bowen p. 1 1 9 Built by a certain Captain Mathias [inf E. Williams ] . Bronpadam Cottage -(SN 601 -809)[tn. Bronpadarn (66-a) + E. cottage]; [br:ln,pad;ln'k:lted3 S. Thomas] Bron-padarn Cottage OS 1 89 1

Brynamlwg -(SN 599- 8 1 7)[bryn + arnlwg] ; Brynamlwg OS 1 834, Brynarnlwg House 1 843TMS, Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1

Bryncogau -(SN 608-808)[bryn + y + cogau]; [briij'koge Gw. Lewis] Pant Brin y Coge 1 745rent Nanteos, Bryncogar 1 837rent Nanteos, Bryn Coge 1 85 l cens. in 1 979 E . G.Bowen p.21 1 , Bryn Cogau OS 1 89 1

Brynteg -(SN 595- 8 1 3) [bryn + teg] ; [brm'te:g S . Thomas] Bryn-teg OS 1 89 1

Cefnesgair -(SN 603-8 1 3 )[cefn + yr + esgair] ; [keven'eskajr Gw. Lewis] (cs63-65) Cefn Esgyn 1 843TMS, Cefnesgair OS 1 982 A housing estate. One could suspect the earlier form to mean cefn yr esgyrn, referring to buried bodies, though it is not the hillside directly behind Llanbadam-fawr churchyard, which is Cefnllan (66-a), so that the meaning esgair is the more likely. The name seems to have been resuscitated from old maps as the inhabitants did not seem to know it as a traditional name.

CefnUan -(SN 599- 8 1 3) [ cefn + y + llan]; [keven'ian S. Thomas, Gw. Lewis, (c) hnw,keven'ian E. Williams] Cefnyllan 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cefenllan 1 808PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cevenllan 1 81 5PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Cefn Llan 008 1 823, Cefnllan 1 843TMS, Cefn-llan OS 1 89 1

Colej Llanbadam -(SN 603- 8 1 l )[colej + tn. Llanbadarn (66-a)] ; [�'kampus Gw. Lewis, wak inf ] College of Librarianship, Welsh Agricultural College, College of Further Education 1 979 E. G.Bowen p. 1 1 8, Coleg Llyfrgellwyr Cymru, Coleg Addysg Bellach Aberystwyth, Coleg Amaethyddol Cymru OS 1 982 This campus was b. l 971 for the

Welsh Agricultural College ( WAC) [ 1 972 B. B. Thomas: 53; 1 979 E. G. Bowen:

1 16]. The College of Librarianship which had been temporarily installed at Bronpadam (66-a) in 1 967, moved onto this campus in 1 97 1 [ 1 972 B. B. Thomas: 53; 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 16], and the Further Education

College arrived in 1 975 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 1 8] . COMINS PENDRE -(SN 606-802)[comins + tn. Pendre (66-a)];

(c) Gwastad mawr c. l 800map RM A l i i , Pen y Pwll - Commins ? 1 832PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pendre Common 1 85 1 cens . , Y Comins 1 980 Angor n. 23 Comprising: 1) Blaendd61, 2) Cot, 3) D6lberllan, 4) D61-fawr, 5) D6lgerdinen, 6) Ty-crwn. Cot -(SN 608-803)[cottage] ; [k:lted3, k:lt, pn. c&�n'k:lt S . Thomas] Rheidol Cottage OS 1 89 1 See Blaenddol (66-a). Cwibec -(SN 597- 8 I O)[tn. Quebec (Canada)}; [kwi'bek Gw. Lewis] Quebec Cottage 1 84 1 cens. , Quebeck Villa 1 85 l cens. This was also the name of a quarter [inf. Gw. Lewis] .

996

(66) PERFEDD Cwmpadam -(SN 600- 8 1 3)[cwm + tn. [Llan]badarn (66-a)] ; (kom'padan E. Williams, Gw. Lewis, kom' pad�n S. Thomas] Cwmbadarn Common c. 1 800map RM A1 1 1 , Cwm Padarn 1 826PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Padarn OS1 834, (clO) Cae Pistill Padarn (prox. ) 1 843TMS Dolberllan -(SN 607-802)[dol + y + perllan] ; Dol-berllan 1 821PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dol-y-berllan OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 843TMS]. Dol-y-bont -(SN (ii)592-807)[dol + y + pont]; (c) Dol y Bont (i) 1 690 Crosswood MSS, (c) Park Llyn y Clai 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, (c) Dol y Bont (i), (c) Pare Llin y Clay (prox.) 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 29, (c3 1 2) Dol y Bont (i) 1 843 1MS, Dol-y-bont OS 1 89 1 , Parc­ y-llyn OS 1 982 i) SN 593 -804. The old channel ofthe river Ystwyth adjoined this site [ 1 800Yz Nanteos fpl 291] . ii ) SN 592-807. This (c3 10) was the site o f a market garden, and along with the site o f the later Maes­ mawr (66-a) was an 1 8 acre holding belonging to W. E. Powell ( 1843TMS]; b. bet. 1 843-91 [ 1 843TMS; OS1891 ] . The alias Parc-y-llyn probably referred to Pwllseimon (66-b). Dol-fawr -(SN 606-802)[dol (+ mawr)]; (c) Dol vach ? 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS, (c) Ddol fawr, Ddol fach (prox.) 1 843 1MS, Dol-fawr OS 1 891 Dolgerdinen -(SN 606-80 1 )[dol + y + cerddinen]; [dolger'dmen S. Thomas] Ddolgerdinen 1 843TMS, Dol-gerddinen OS 1 891 Dolrodyn -(SN 603-805)[dol + yr + odyn] ; (dol'r;Jdm S. Thomas] Pant yr Odyn ? 1 597/98rent, Llain yr Odin fach ? 1 795rent Nanteos, Llainodyn fach ? 1 837rent Nanteos, Dol-yr-odyn OS 1 89 1 , Dol yr Odyn OS1 982 Cf Penbrynodyn (66-a). EIW-goch -(SN 605-8 1 6)[erw + coch] ; [eru'go: x, Gw. Lewis, E. Williams, ero'go:x, E. Williams] Erwgoch 008 1 823, Erw-goch OS1 834, Erwgoch House 1 843 1MS, Erw-goch OS1 89 1 Now a housing estate. Ffarm Lluestwilym -(SN 607-8 1 1)[ffarm + tn. Lluestwilym}; [liest'farm, Hest'fa:m Gw. Lewis] Mountpleasant 1 843TMS See Plas Lluestwilym (66-a). Ffatri Pendre -(SN 608-804)[ffatri + tn. Pendre (66-a)]; Factry Pendre 1 84 1 cens. , Pendre Factory 1 85 1 cens. in 1 979 E. G.Bowen p.207, Pendre Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Factory OS 1 904 Ficrej Llanbadam -(SN 597- 8 l l )[ficrej + ttL Llanbadarn[-fawr] (66-a)] ; (�'vik.red3, v1kred3,ian'badan Gw. Lewis] Vicarage OS 1 891 This seems to have replaced Ficrej Llanbadam (65-a) around the years 1 890-1 925. Fronheulog -(SN 600-808)[y + bron + heulog] ; Fronheulog (sign) b. 1 865 [sign]. Glandwr -(SN 605-804)[glan + dWr-] ; Glandwr 1 84l cens. , Glan-d\Vr OS 1 89 1 Glynpadam -(SN 598-808)[glyn + pn. Padarn] ; Glynpadarn 1 882 Lancych MS S, Glynpadarn OS 1 8 9 1 , Glanpadarn (sic) 1 987 Angor n. 95 b. c. l 870 [ 1987 Angor: 95] . Y Gogerddan -(SN 600-809) [y + tn. Gogerddan (72-a)]; [a·r go'ger�an S . Thomas] Gogerddan Arms 1 843TMS Gwarfelin -(SN 6 1 2-807)[gwar + y + melin] ; Gwaryfelin 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwar'felin 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwarfelin issa 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwar y Felin OOS 1 823 , Gwar-y-felin OS 1 834, Gweithdy Gwar y Felin (prox. ) 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwar-y-felin OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-felin-berson 1 93 5 D.J.Evans p.22 Yr Henblas -(SN 5 99- 8 1 0)[yr + hen + plas] ; [�r hemblas S. Thomas] The Big House by the Church ? 1 745rent Nanteos, The Plas 1 777 Cymerau MS S, Big House above the Church ? 1 828rent Nanteos, Glebe c. 1 800map RM A1 1 1 , Hen Blas 1 8 5 1 cens. Llaingawsai -(SN 593-8 1 2) [llain + y + cawsai]; [lag'gowsa Gw. Lewis] .

,

997

( 66) PERFEDD Llainygowsa 1 799PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llainygawsa 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fuwr, Llaingowsai 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llain-gawsa OS 1 834, (c) Llaingawsa 1 843TMS, Llangawsa 1 875PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llain-gawsai OS 1 89 1 , Llan-gowsa 1 895a J.Rhys p. 1 46, Llan Gowsa 'so pronounced' 1 897 H. Owen p.405 n. 1 8, Llangawsa 'as colloquially pronounced'

1 902 WGaz.

1 9, Llain-y-gawsai,

'formerly'

Llangawsai 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p.2 1 3 , Llain-y-gawsai 0Sc. 1 95 0 The name refers t o a causeway, which must have a connection with the notice that, "Llanbadarn, above a mile distant [from Aberystwyth], and the way to it is extremely wet and disagreable. " [ 1 762 Court Leet

Records in 1 902 G. E. Evans: 38] . LLANBADARN-FAWR -(SN 609-800)[llan + pn. Padarn (+ mawr)] ; [ o.Ian'badan,

la'badan E . Williams]

'St. Patem' 1 1 1 5-30 in 1 946b J.C.Davies p. 249, Lanpadem maur, 'glossed' ecclesiam Paterni magni c. 1 1 9 1

Gir.IK p. 1 20, Lanpaer maur 1 2 1 0-1 2 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 3 3 8, Llanpadarn vawr

fl. 1 222(c. 1 400) Ffylip Prydydd in Hendreg. p.226, Sancti Paterni 1 242 CalPR p.279, 'Church of St. Patern the Greater' 1 23 1 -47 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p.374, Llan Padam c. 1 250 BBC p.37, Lampadarmaur 1 2 5 1 CalPR p . 8 8, Lampadermaur 1 252 CalPR p. l 49, Lampatermaur 1 253 CalPR p. 1 70, Lampadervaur 1 278 CalChancR (var.) p. 1 77, Lampader 1 28 1 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p.29, Llan Patarn c. 1 286 Ann. Camb.(B) p.2 1 ,

Llan

Padarn

Lampadarnvaur

c. 1 28 6

Ann.Camb.(B)

c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B)

p. 1 05,

p. 1 06,

Lanpadarnvaur

c. 1 286

Lambedar vaur 'cu capell'

Ann. Camb. (B)

1 29 1

Tax.Eccl.

p. 9 1 , p. 272,

Lampadern 1 292 subsidy p.220, Lampadam 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p. 73, Lampader vaur 1 3 01 -02 ARCWW p. 69, Lampadar 1 3 01 -02 ARCWW p. 70, Lampadervoir, Lampadeuvaur 1 3 0 1-02 ARCWW p.78, Lampadernan 1 3 08 CalPR p. 7 1 , Thlanpadand 1 322 in 1 975 W.Rees p. 245, Lampadrevaur 1 328 CalPR p.250, Lampadern 1 33 6 CalChartR p. 385, Lampadar 1 34 1 in c. l 757 L.Morris p. 3 1 , Lampader 1 342-43 in Suppl.AC clxx� Llanbadem vawr 1 3002/4 BT(Pen.20) p.2 1 6, Llanbadam 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen20) p. 1 2, diffeithawd . . . Lanbadarn 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen.20) p. 1 6, Llanbadern 1 300¥4 BT(Pen.20) p. 53, o Lanbadem 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen. 20) p. 69, Lampaderne, Lampaderum 1 352-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. 1 0 p. 1 40, Llan Badarn vawr 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 89, Llann Padam 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p. 72, Eglwys Padarn 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p . 92, Llann Badarnn vawr 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p.256, Eglwys Lann Padam vawr 1 3 00% BT(RBH TJ) p. 250, Lampadervaur 136 1 /62 Crosswood MSS, Llan Padarn c. 1 475 BS p.46, Llann Badam vawr c. 1 475 BS p.202, Eglwis Padam c. 1 475 BS p . l l 6, Llanbadern 1 53 5 VE p . 3 96, Llanbadame vawr 1 54 1 Bronwydd MSS, Llanbadarn vaure 1 542 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llanbadarn vaur 1 542 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lanbadronvawre 1 548 CardiffRecords vol.2 p. 305, Ll. Badarn fuwr c. 1 566EPC, Llanbadame vaure 1 575 CD, Llanbadamuawr 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanbadam 1 597/98rent, Llanbadarn fawr c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.47, Lhan Badarn bhawr c. l 600 S . D.Rhys p. 1 3 8, Llanbadarn vawr 1 602 G.Owen vol.4 p.454, Llanbaderne 1 6 1 0/ 1 1 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn vawr 1 6 1 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llanbadarne vawr 1 6 1 5 Gwynfryn MSS, Llanbadamvaur 1 6 1 5 Nouadd MSS, Llanbadarnevawre 1 6 1 5/1 6 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadarn-vawre 1 622 Nouadd MSS, Llanbadarne vawer 1 7 1 7 Trant MS S vol.3 p.4, Llanbaddeme vaur 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Lhan-badarn-vawr 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.772, Llanbadarn 1 733 Crosswood MSS, Llanbadem vawr 1 760map E.Bowen, Pentref Llanbadam 1 767PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Chlanbaddin 1 776map MMackenzie, Llanbadarn Town 1 768PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Vill. Padarn 1 772PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llan Villa 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fuwr, Llanb.U Vill: 1 78 8PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Ll-b-n Vii: 1 790PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanb. n Vii: 1 796PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llanbadarn fawr 1 803map

J. Singer, Llanbadarn fowr 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, (society name) Padarnfawr Friendly Society 1 844 Gwynfryn MSS, Llanbadarn-fawr, St. Padarn's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 This was probably the " ecclesia, cognomento Mauritana" [1 1 20 Uita Sancti Paterni: 254] ; o r more correctly "maritimam ecclesiam" [ 1 1 20 Uita Sancti Patemi: 256], the first of three churches built by Padarn according to

Uita. Again, according to his Uita his second church seems to have been built at Prysgaga (73 a). Saint Padam is also commemorated at Llanbadarn Odyn (38-a), Llanbadam Trefeglwys (47-a), Llanbadarn his

-

Fynydd, Llanbadarn Garreg, and another Llanbadarn1"awr, all in Radnorshire. He was also the patron saint of Llanybydder (Canns.), Llynbadarn being the old name of the nearby Llyn Pencarreg [1938 R. J. Thomas: 2 1 2] . All these names point to a large spread of lands belonging, in pre-conquest times, to a cult centred at the Cardiganshire Llanbadarn-fawr. Any of the above churches could be candidates for equation with the third church built by Padarn according to his

Uita. Campus Heli [ 1 1 20 Uita Sancti Paterni: 1 20] has been identified as the original name of Llanbadarn-fawr by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 63 ] and N. K. Chadwick [ 1 958: 1 63], translating an original Welsh *Ma Heli or *Maes Heli (c£ Maesheli, 65-a). The hn. Meheli, a tributary of the river Miwl (Kerry, Monts.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 62-63], as has already been noted 998

(66) PERFEDD [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.454] might point to the actual Brittonic form which was latinised as Campus Heli. R J. Thomas points out ( 1 938: 1 63] that heli may either, refer to the sea, heli 'brine', which could suit Llanbadam-fawr's site. However, other etymologies can be advanced for this Heli: 1 ) an unattested pn. Heli; 2) the attested pn. Eli; 3) a plural of hal 'marsh; stagnant water; dirt' (see sub Llwchrhal-isa, 1 1-a). Maybe the thirteenth-century possession of Ystradfflur called Marva Menhehith [>1 246(1 336) cart. Ystradfflur] refers to this place (it was not Moifa-mawr (48 a) or Moifa-bychan (52-a) both mentioned in the same charter). G[wyl] Badam Beissrydd on the sixteenth of April (1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.]; feast-day held on the fifteenth or the seventeenth of April, a date shared by the Breton saint Padem [ 1994 P. 6 Riain: 394] . Inside, the church was divided into three chancels o r chapels: 1 ) Cangellhir (= nave) : Cangel/ Hir [1903 G. E. Evans: 88], Capel Hir [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 69]; 2) Cangell-y-dre (= south transept): Cangell y Dref [1 903 G. E. Evans: 88], Capel Aberystwyth als. Capel y Dre [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 69]; 3) Cangell Clarach (= north transept): Cangell y Clarach [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 88], Capel Clarach [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 69] . Comprising: 1 ) Y Blac-leion, 2) Bronpad.a.m, 3) Bronpadam Cottage, 4) Cwibec, 5) Cwmpadarn, 6) Dolrodyn, 7) Ffatri Pendre, 8) Gland\Vr, 9) Glynpadarn, 10) Y Gogerddan, 1 1 ) Heol-y-felin, 1 2) Heolffwlbrwc, 1 3) Heol-y-fron, 1 4) Mesopotamia, 1 5) Pengraig, 1 6) Penbrynrodyn, 1 7) Pendre, 1 8) Pen-y-fron, 1 9) Pwllhobi, 20) Saron, 2 1 ) Soar, 22) Tanf)mwent, 23) Tangaer, 24) Tanhouse, 25) Ficrej, 26) Ysgol Cwmpadarn. Maes-mawr -(SN 593-807) [maes + mawrL (cs305, 308) Werglodd fawr 1 843TMS, Maes-mawr OS 1 89 1 b. bet. 1 843-91 [1 843TMS], dest. l 995 [inf] . This place is said t o have been named after Maes-mawr (Caersws, Monts.), because the owner of the land was fro m there [ 1 996 Angor: 1 83], but note (c) Maes mawr [ 1 691 Cwrt-mawr MSS], (c) Mas mawr ( 1 764 Nanteos :tp1.329], (cs276, 28l ) Maesmawr [18431MS], (c) Maes-mawr [1 870 Nanteos (L) MS vol. l MS 2490], the site of a cemetery at the present-day, only some 400m NNW from Maes-mawr(ii). Both sites belonged to W. E. Powell [1 8431MS], from whence I believe the name was transferred. Mesopotamia -(SN 600-81 0) [Bibltn. Mesopotamia]; [mesop;,'tamja, officially r;,k'k;,ted3 Gw. Lewis] in£ This name was given to this house because its site was between two streams, and the Biblical Mesopotamia was known as the land between two rivers Tigris and Euphrates. Midway -(SN 594- 8 1 2)[E. midway]; [m1dwe Gw. Lewis] Midway 1 828PR Llanbadarn-fawr, (c256) Lletty bach 1 843TMS, Midway Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Midway OS 1 904 Penbrynrodyn -(SN 603- 806)[pen + bryn + yr + odyn] ; [penbrm'r;,dm S. Thomas] Castell Brynyrodin 1 777PR Llanbadam-fawr, Brynyrodin 1 792PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Brynyrodyn 1 796PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbrin Rhodin c. l 800map RM A l l l , Penbrinyrodyn 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbrinrodin 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbrinodin 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Castell Brynrodyn 1 820PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Penybryn OOS 1 823, Pen-bryn-odyn O S 1 89 1 A hamlet; cf Dolrodyn (66-a). Pendibyn -(SN 6 1 0-806)[pen + dibyn] ; [pen'd1bm S. Thomas] Cae Pendilin 1 843TMS, Pendibin 1 85 l cens. in 1 979 E. G.Bowen p.201, Pen-y-dibyn OS 1 891 The dibyn here refers to an old fossilised bank ofthe river Rheidol. Pendre -(SN 602-806)[pen + y + tref]; Penydre 1 745rent Nanteos, Tythin Pendre 1 760CF, Penydre 1 782PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pendre 1785PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pendre c. 1 800map RM Al i i See Pendre-ucha (65-a). Pendre-isa -(SN 605-805) [pen + y + tref (+ isaf)]; [pen,dre· 'isa S. Thomas] Pendref issaf 1 830PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Pendre issa 1 84 l cens., Pendre fach ? 1 85 l cens. , Pendre Cottages (sign) Pendre-ucha -(SN 607-805)[pen + y + tref (+ uchaf)] ; [pen,dre·'�xa S . Thomas] Pen y Bank ? 1 71 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penybank: c. 1 800map RM Al i i , Pendref ? 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Penref ? OOS 1 823, Pendre OS1 834, (c372) Pendre House 1 843TMS, Pendre OS 1 89 1 , Pen-dre OS 1 904, Pendre + Pendre Farm OS 1 982 Probably as a result of the expansion of Llanbadarn-fawr village, this site - originally called Pen-y-banc ­ usurped the name of the older Pendre (65-a). The bane in question appears to have been named (c365) Bank Llanbadarn [ 1 8431MS], and lay directly N of this site. Pen-y-fron -(SN 598-8 1 O)[pen + y + bron] ; [pen�'vr;,n S. Thomas] -

999

(66) PERFEDD Fron fawr ? 1 745rent Nanteos, Penbryn bach Common c. 1 800map RM Al l l , Fron fawr ? 1 837rent Nanteos, (c297) Schoolhouse 1 843TMS, Pen-y-fron School 1 979 E. G.Bowen p. 1 09, Pen-y-fron OS 1 982 b. 1 828, National School [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 08]; became a Board School 1 875 [1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 1 0] ; Merged with Ysgol Cwmpadarn (66-a) in 1 898 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 1 1 ] . Penrbiw - (SN 604- 8 1 3 )[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hriW, pe'hnw Gw. Lewis] Pen-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 Pensteps -(SN 600-808) [pen + y + steps] ; (pen'steps S. Thomas] inf Three houses that were destroyed when road was widened, steps led to them [inf s. Thomas]. Plas Lluestwilym -(SN 608-8 1 1 )[plas + tn. LluestwilymL [iiest Gw. Lewis, �'Hest S. Thomas, pla:s��iest E. Williams, Gw. Lewis, liest'gwrliiD Gw. Lewis] Lluest OOS 1 823, Llyast 1 837rent Nanteos, Lluest Willym 1 843TMS, Lluest-gwilym OS 1 89 1 , Lluest­ gwilym OS 1 904, Plas Lluest OS 1 982 See Ffarm Lluestwilym (66-a). Pwllhobi -(SN 602-806)[pwll + ? ] ; [pui'h�bi S. Thomas] Pwll Hoby ycha + issa 1 745rent Nanteos, Pwllhobi 1 775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pwll Hobbi 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Henfordd, 'formerly' Pwll Hoby 1 787rent Nanteos, Henfordd, 'formerly' Pwll Hobby 1 805rent Nanteos, Pwll Hobbey 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pwlliwby 1 822 Cymerau MSS, Henfordd 1 828rent Nanteos, Pwll Hoby 1 837rent Nanteos, (c) Cae bach Pwllhoby 1 843TMS, Pwll-hoby OS 1 89 1 , Pwll-hobi OS1 904 The site of the poo 1 referred to in the name was that of a wet field, below the road, where the Cambrian News is now printed (SN 600-807). The otherwise unattested hobi seems to be the E. hobby 'small horse'. It may, feasibly, refer to a supernatural being, cf Llwynbobi (29-a). It is possible that hobi is a reduced form of *hobyn, in which case there exists an English personal-name and surname Hobin found in Pentre-Hobyn als. Pentrobin (Flints.) ( 1 994 H. W. Owen: 103]. Though it is likely that the originalpwl/ here would have been used as a drinking pool for creatures on their way to and from the market, a derivative of hob, an alternative Welsh word for 'pig' - is unlil(ely as GPC [s.v. hob 1 ] gives a feminine derivative hoben, and this is attested only once. There existed hobyn 'a small hand mow' (Pembs.), which also meant figuratively 'a deal or hand of cards' [GPC s.v. hobyn] . Saron -(SN 599-807)[Bibl.tn. Sharon]; Saron Chapel 1 843TMS, Saron 1 85 1Rel cens. p.537, Meth. Chap. (Calv. ) OS 1 89 1 , Saron c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Capel OS 1 904, Capel Saron 1 979 E. G.Bowen p. 86, Chap OS 1 982 b. 1 842 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 537; 1 979 E . G. Bowen: 84] ; enl. 1 879 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 85] ; denom. CM. Soar -(SN 600- 8 1 0)[Bibl.tn. Zoar] ; [kapel'soar S. Thomas, Gw. Lewis, t�p'tJap�l S. Thomas] Zoar Chapel 1 843TMS, Soar 1 85 1Rel cens. p.536, Llanbadarn vawr (Soar) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.279, Capel OS 1 904, Capel Soar 1 979 E. G. Bowen p. 86 b. 1 802-03 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 536 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279; 1 903 G. E. Evans: 40] ; incorp. 1 802, b. 1 804 [ 1 875 R. A Thomas: 1 18-1 9]; denom. I. Tanfynwent -(SN 599-809)[tan + y + mynwent] ; Y-Ty-Dan-y-Vunwynt 1 606-07 Gog. OS pp. 82-83, Tanyfonwent, Ty mawr Tanyfonwent 1 84 1 cens. , Tanyfynwent 1 8 5 1 cens. in 1 979 E.G.Bowen p. 1 98 , Tanfynwent (sign) Tanfynwent comprised at least five houses [ 1 84lcens. ]. Tangaer -(SN 599-809)[tan + y + caer]; Ty'r Hen Glochydd als. Ty'r Abad als. Ty Mal Dan Gaer 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 84, Ty'r Abad 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 90, o Dy'r Abad 1 91 2 Cymru vol42 p.90, Tan-y-gaer 1 979 E.G.Bowen p. 79 The term caer refers here to the wall surrounding the graveyard; dest. c. 1 890 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 84] . Tanhouse -(SN 601 -806)[E. tanhouse] ; Tanhouse 1 843TMS Troedrhiw -(SN 600-809)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troedrhiw (sign) This was originally at the foot of Pengraig (66-d). Ty-crwn -(SN 607-801 ) [ty + crwn] ; Ty-crwn OS 1 89 1 Ty-mawr -(SN 600-808)[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mawr S. Thomas] 1 000

(66) PERFEDD Ty mawr (sign) Tynberllan -(SN 601 -8 1 8)[tyddyn + y + perllan]; [tmlberlan, later majslnewd5, now kloxlewig Gw. Lewis] Clochewig (sign) Was renamed Maes-newydd before 1 93 9 [inf. Gw. Lewis] . Ysgol Cwmpadam -(SN 601 -8 1 0) [ysgol + tn. Cwmpadarn (66-a)]; Cwmpadarn C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol Cwmpadarn 1 979 E.G.Bowen xiii b. 1 878-1 974 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 1 1 ] ; this was replaced by Ysgol Pengraig (66-a). Ysgol Dinas -(SN 60 1 - 8 1 7) [ysgol + tn. (Pen]dinas (65-b)]; [di·nas E. Williams] Ysgol Dinas 1 975 T.Griffiths p. 1 22, Dinas Secondary Modern School 1 979 E. G.Bowen p. 1 20, Penglais Comprehensive School (Ysgol Gyfun Penglais) O S 1 982 Opened 1 955, closed as a Secondary Modern School 1 973 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: 1 20] ; b. on Cefnllan land (66a), became Penglais c. 1 975 [ 1 980 W. J. Lewis: 1 68-69] . Ysgoi-Gymraeg -(SN 592-8 l l ) [ysgol + e. adj. Cyrnraeg]; inf b. 1 989 [ 1 989 Angor: 1 1 5] . This replaced Ysgol Alexandra Road (65-a); see sub Maes-mawr (65-a). Ysgol Pengraig -(SN 60 1 -809)[ysgol + tn. Pengraig (66-c)] ; The New Pen-y-graig School 1 979 E. G. Bowen p. 1 1 , Sch OS 1 982 b. 1 974 [ 1 979 E. G. Bowen: l l l ] ; this replaced Ysgol Cwmpadarn (66-a). hodonyms Heol-y-felin -(SN 600-808) [heol + y + melin] ; The Mylne Strete, Heole y Velin 1 580 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Heol y Velyn 1 597/98rent, Heol-y-Felin 165 1 Gog. OS p. 66, Penyrheol (prox. ) 1 794PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Heol y Felin (prox.) 1 803PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Penrheol y Felin (prox.) 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Heol y Felin, Penheol (prox. ) 1 85 1 cens. Refers to Melinperson (67-a). Heolffwlbro -(SN 599-808) [heol + hn. Ffwlbro (e)]; Heol Ffwl Brook 1 597/98rent, 'mansion ho. ' Fullbroke 1 6 1 3-14 Gog. OS p. 66, (c218) Cae Ffwlbro (prox. ) 1 843 TMS, Bridge Street 1 85 1 cens. , The Fullbrook 1 946 WGaz. 03/1 0/46, i'r Ffwlbrwc 1 983 Angor n. 55, Ffwlbro 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 1 94 Cf Ffivlbroc (33-a). Heol-y-fron -(SN 599-809)[heol + y + bron] ; Heol y Vron 1 597/98rent, Heol y Fron 1 85 1 cens., Heol y Fron O S 1 982 Pengraig -(SN 600-809)[pen + y + craig]; [peiJ1grajg S. Thomas, Gw. Lewis] Penygraig, Heol Penygraig 1 85 1 cens. , Penygraig 1 979 E. G. Bowen p. 1 1 4, Pen-y-graig OS 1 982 This area originally exited, past Troedrhiw (66-a), at Primrose Hill (c. 1 800map RM Al i i ] , but a road was cut s to Prospect Place. geonyms Carregsamson -(SN 599-809)[carreg + pn. Samson]; 'known to older people as' Carreg Samson 1 979 E. G.Bowen p. 5, Carreg Samson 1 993 J. C.Grooms p.224 This was a talL thin granite cross in the graveyard of Llanbadarn-fawr church [ 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 224] , with the adjoining ancient cross was supposed to have formed part of an enormous flail for the giant Samson [ 1987 E. R. Henken: 1 1 9] , cf Ffustsamson (Jordanston, Pembs.) [ 1 993 J. C. Grooms: 226]. This is a large stone lying just outside the graveyard (1 979 E. G. Bowen: 4-5] . Doldai -(SN 597-804)[dol + ? ] ; [do-rdaj S. Thomas] Thol-ddy 1 567-68 Gog.OS p. 94, Park Dol Du 1 745rent Nanteos, Parkyddolddu 1 83 7rent Nanteos, 'common' Ddolddu, 'which is corrupted into' Ddolddau 1 979 E. G. Bowen ix, Playing Field OS 1 982, Blaendolau Fields 1 972 B.B. Thomas p. 89 The development of this name from Dolddu to Doldai appears impossible, unless the second reflects an English pronunciation of a form such as *Doldye for Dolddu. The form with du in 1 745 could be explained as a mistaken interpretation of a form such as dy ( is ambiguous according to English conventions and can stand for either [i] or [aj]). It is unlikely to contain the pn. Dai 'David as, eastwards 1 00 1

(66) PERFEDD - in the Rheidol valley - it is usually pronounced Dei, which represents the northern Welsh variant of Dai. In 1 963 a sports pavilion was erected here for the university [ 1 972 B. B. Thomas: 89] , the name Blaendolau Fields - now commonly reduced to Blaendolau [inf] - refers to its prior ownership by Blaendolau (66-a). Dolhalog -(SN 599-806)[dol + halog]; [dol'habg S . Thomas] (c) Dol Halog 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Dol Halog 1 745rent Nanteos, Dol Halog 1 764 N�mteos fpl. 329, Cae Halog 'desecrated field' 1 903 G.E .Evans p. 85, yn Ddol Halog 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 91 "Dyna faes y r ymrysonfeydd etc. , ddydd gwyl y mabsant gynt. " Maybe it was thus named after the murder of one of the bishops of Llanbadarn in olden days [ 1 91 2 Cymru: 42.91 ] ; cf. Heal Ffwlbro (66-c). Y Garreg-fawr -(SN 599-809)[y + carreg + mawr] ; [;;),gareg'vawr S. Thomas] The Garreg fawr 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 89, Y Garreg fawr 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 90 "Ni wyddis beth oedd ei diben cyntefig; eithr mewn cyfnod diweddarach, ar ei phen y cyhoeddai'r clochydd angladdoedd, ffeiriau, marchnadoedd ac arwerthiadau, wedi'r gwasanaeth ar y Sul. " (1 9 1 2 Cymru: 42.9 1 ] . In Brittany it was habitual for priests and mayors to address crowds for purposes of publicity from the church stile after mass [p.c. H. Ll. Humphreys] . Mill Pond -(SN 6 1 0-805)[E. mill + pond] ; Mill Pond 0 8 1 891 , Old Mill Pond OS 1 904 Pistyllpadam -(SN 595- 8 1 2)[pistyll + pn. Padarn]; (cl O) Cae Pistillpadarn 1 843TMS Pwllseimon -(SN 594-804)[pwll + pn. Seimon] ; [poi sejm :m S. Thomas] Pwll Badarn c. 1 800map RM A1 l l , Pwll Simon 08 1 89 1 , Pwll Pen Lon ? 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 90, i Bwll Seimon 1 953 T.I.Ellis p. 1 6 This Seimon is likely to have been the Simon Davies. stranger. drowned [ 1 8 1 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr] , as it had a different name on a map a few years earlier than 1 8 1 0. The naming of places after the death of someone there is found in Siafft-y-plentyn (see sub Alltgrib, 76-a) , and was also noted by D. R & Z. S. Davies [ 1 939: 9] "Ynglyn ag amryw o'r pyllau ereill [in Teifi], cysylltwyd eu henwau wrthynt oherwydd rhyw ddamweiniau a ddigwyddodd i rywrai yn eu dyfroedd. ; Pwll Pen/on has been filled up [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 90] ; see sub D6l-y-bont (66-a). Rhiwmaredudd -(SN 601 -8 1 l)[rhiw + pn. Maredudd] ; [hriWm;;)'redd') E. Williams, hriW'vawr S. Thomas, lo:n 'vawr Gw. Lewis] Rhiw Meredith 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 9 This road was cut bet. c. 1 800-43 [c. l 800map RM A1 1 1 ; 1 8431MS] , and the pn. Maredudd may preserve the name or the surname of a person involved with this new stretch of road. Previously the road from Llanbadam-fmvr (66-a) - the bottom of which is now named Primrose Hill, but which may previously have been Chapel Hill [ 1 820sPR Llanbadam-fawr] , after Soar (66-a), though the name Chapel Hill [ 1 797PR Llanbadarn-fawr] is found before Soar was officially built 1 802--04 - was a continuation of Rhiw Ce.fnllan, with another road leading upwards by way of Troedrhiw (66-a) and Pengraig (66-d) [ c. l800map RM A1 1 1 ] . '

"

1 002

(67) PERFEDD LLANGORWEN Alltglais -(SN 593-835)[allt + tn. Glais]; [aH'glajs E. & S. Edwards, al-'glajs E. Williams] Alltglais 1 81 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Alit Glais 1 830PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tai-craig-las OS1 834, (c) Alltyglaise, (c) Trwyn Rallt (prox.) 1 843TMS, Allt-glais OS 1 89 1 The tn. Glais was an older alias o f Penglais-:fawr (65-a). This area was described as: " A common appurtenant belonging to the adjoining farms" [c. 1 769map RM A l l O] , which explains why so many houses came to be built here by the nineteenth century. Bane Bam -(SN 598-825)[tn. Bane + E. barn] ; [farm,peiJ'glajs Gw. Lewis] Bank Bam OS 1 891 , Bane Barn 0Sc. 1 950, Penglais Farm OS 1 982 The original farm at Penglais-:fawr (65-a) removed here after 1 945 [inf Gw. Lewis]. Blaen ddoi -(SN 6 1 8-845) [blaen + y + dol]; [blajn't5o:l E. & S. Edwards] Blaenyddol OOS 1 823, Blaen-y-ddol OS 1 834, Blaenddol 1 84 1 cens. , Blaen-y-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Blaenddol 1 990 Tincer n. 1 33 This was a row of houses [:inf E. & s. Edwards] . Brynawelon -(SN 600-824)[bryn + awelon] ; Brynawelon OS 1 982 Bryncamau -(SN 600-829)[bryn + y + carnau]; [briiJ'karne Gw. Lewis, brm'karne E. & S. Edwards] Brynycarne 1 597/58rent, Bryn-y-karne 1 639 Gog. OS p. 80, Bryn-y-carnau OS1 834, Bryncame 1 843 TMS, Bryn-carnedd OS 1 891 Bryncastell -(SN 6 1 9-847)[bryn + y + castell] ; Bryn-y-castell Farm, (c) Cau Bryn-y-castill 1 787map RDavis, Brincastell 1 805PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bryncastell 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bryn y Castell OOS 1 823, Bryn-y-castell OS 1 834, Bryn-y-castell OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-y-castell + Bryncastell OS 1 982, Stad Bryncastell 1 990 Tincer n. 1 33 Now also a housing estate b. 1 969 [1 990 T:incer: 1 33]. The castell refers to a nearby fortification also referred to in an earlier name, see sub Bow Street (73-a). The actual site is uncertain, it might feasibly refer to the fortifications of Pen-y-castell (69-b), though it is also conceivable that it referred to another fortification - site unknown - alluded to in the name Caer Ruol [ 1 9 1 2 Cymru: 43. 1 1 2], which - unless it stands for some such form as *Cae 'rddeial, c£ (cR l ) Cau-r-ddiol on Bryncastell land [1 787map R. Davis] ­ seems to be a garbled form of *Caer R.hiwael, concerning which, note (c482) Cae'r Dammen (SN 620856) [ 1 8451MS], immediately below R.hiwael-isa, 74-a). The nearby Caergywydd (73-a) may refer to this fortification, if so it would be the older name. Capel Clarach -(SN 605-843)[capel + tn. Clarach (e)]; [ti'kapel (adj.) E. & S. Edwards] Ty'n y Pwll 1 769map T.Lewis, Tyn-y-pwll, (cs) Cau mawr Tan:-y-pwll, Cau Tyn-y-rallt Tyn-y-pwll 1 787map RDavis, Ty'npwll 1 84 1 cens. , Hephzebah 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 537, Clarach 1 875 R A. Thomas vol.4 p. 1 3 0, 'first called' Hephsibah 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 537, Independent Chapel OS 1 89 1 , Clarach c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Ty Capel OS1 982, Ty'n-pwl1 1 987 Tincer n. 1 01 The original holding Tynpwll, appears to have been absorbed by Tynrabi (67-a). Tynpwll itself stood, it would seem, where the later He.ffsiba chapel was built ( 1 987 Tincer: 101 ], the pwll may be Pwllmadog in the Clarach river. The Methodist chapel was b. 1 8 1 5 [c. 1902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278] ; b. l 836-3 7 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 537; 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 4. 1 3 1 ; 1 987 T:incer: 1 01 ] . Cilfach-y-rhew -(SN 594- 835) [cilfach + y + rhew]; [gdvax E . & S. Edwards] Gilvach y Hew 1 745rent Nanteos, Cilfach y Rhew 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gilfach, Gilfach isa 1 85 l cens. Cros Clarach -(SN 602-83 9)[ eros + tn. Clarach]; [ �'kr:>s, kr:>s E. & S. Edwards, tru,gr:>jsf:>rl5'klarax E. Williams] Cross-clarach 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cross 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Croes OOS 1 823, Cross Foxes ?? 1 841 cens., The Cross OS 1 89 1 , o'r Cross 1 979 Tincer n. 1 9, Y 'Cross' 1 98 1 Tincer n.40 Though some of the houses now have individual names, such as ag':>rva and kro·s'nest, these were all known as Cros [inf E. & s. Edwards] ; an old building (NW corner) dest. 1 960 [ 1 981 Tincer: 40] . Cwm Cottage -(SN 606-83 1 ) [tn. Cwm[cynfy] (67-a) + E. cottage] ; [kum'k:>ted3 E. & S . Edwards] Garden (prox.) OS1 834, Cwm Cottage OS 1 904 Cwmcynfy -(SN 603- 834)[cwm + pn. Cynfyn]; [kum,km'vehn, pla:s,komkm'velm E. & S. Edwards, k:>jd� 'kom Gw. Lewis, (c) kum 'udz in£ ] 1 003

(67) PERFEDD Cwm Cynfi 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmam:fy 1 789 Gwynfryn MSS, Cwmcynfelin 1 789 in 1 902 G.E.Evans p. 86, Cwmcynfil, Cwmcymddu c. 1 800map RM B86 in 1 996 R G.Gruffydd p. 1 5, Cwmcamfelin 1 80 1 Gwynfryn MSS, Cwm Cyfni als. Cynfelin 1 803map J. Singer, Cwmcynfelin 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmcunen ? 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmcyvni 'also called' Cwm-cynvelin 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 40 1 , Cwmeyvni 1 808 S . R Meyrick p.438, Cwm Cynfelen OOS 1 823 , Cwm-cynfelin O S 1 834, Cwm 1 843TMS, Cwmcynvelyn 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p.485, Cwm-cynfelyn OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-cynfelin OS 1 904, Cwm 1 9 1 3 CN 05/09/1 3, Cwm House, (c) Cwm Woods 1 926 Pam. 7 p.43, Plas Cwmcynfelin, Cwmcynfelin Woods OS 1 982, (c) drwy Goed y Cwm (prox.) 1 983 Angor n. 57 The present mansion at Cwmcynfy dates to c. 1 770, the older building being at Hengwm (67-a) [1914 CAST: 1.42] . The reanalysis of the pn. Cynfy(n) as Cynfelyn seems to have followed shortly after this building of the mansion, probably influenced by Samgynfelyn (67-b) in the same parcel. In 1 763 [1 763PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn] Cwmcynfyn is connected - correctly in my view - with the pn. Cynfyn, and this is borne out by the earlier forms of this name Cym Cynjjm 1 680, Cwm Cynjin 1 730, Cwm Cynfyn 1 763 (see sub Hengwm, 67-a ). The loss of fmal [ -n ] is parallelled by the local pronunciation of Ysbyty-Cynfyn (71-a), viz. spati'kenvi, also attested in some of the documentary forms of that place, Spytti Cenvi 1 760, Yspytty Cefnydd (hypercorrection) 1 790, Spyty Cefni 1 827. Ffynnonddu -(SN 599-837)[ffynnon + du] ; [fan:m'6i: E. & S. Edwards] Fynnon Du 1 745rent Nanteos, 'ruins' Ffynnonddu c. 1 769map RM Al l 0, Ffynonou 1 776PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Funnonou 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynnon Ddu 1 824PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynnon-ddu OS 1 834, Fynnonddu 1 837rent Nanteos, Fynonddu 1 84 1 cens. , Ffynnon-ddu OS 1 89 1 C f Tj)-gwyn (67-a). Gilwem -(SN 599-844)[cil + y + gwern] ; (c) Cau Gilwan 1 787map RDavis, Gilwern 1 828PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gilwern OS 1 834, Gilwern-fach (prox.) 1 833PR Llan:fihangel Genau'rglyn, Bwlch y Gilwern ? 1 83 6PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn Gilwern OS 1 89 1 See Gilwem (62-a). Glandon -(SN 587-837) [glan + y + ton] ; [glan'd�n E. & S . Edwards] Glan-y-don OS 1 89 1 Glanmor -(SN 586-84l )[glan + y + mor]; [glan'mo:r E. & S. Edwards] 'aquam' Aberclaraw 1 280Ext. p. l 1 9, Aberclaragh >1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tyr nessa yr Mor ? 1 73 3 in NLW MS ex. 986b p.3, Glan Mor 1 772PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glan-y-mor 1 788map RDavies, Glanymor 1 795PR Llanbadam-fawr, Glan y Mor OOS 1 823 , Glan-y-mor OS 1 834, Glanymore 1 843 TMS Glanmor-fach -(SN 589-836)[glan + y + mor (+ bach)]; (g lam�r'va:x E. & S. Edwards] Glan y Mor OOS 1 823, Glan-y-mor O S 1 834, Glanymor Cottage 1 84 l cens., Glan-y-mor OS 1 89 1 , Glan-y­ mor-:ffich O S 1 904, Glanmor fach O S 1 982 Greenlands -(SN 5 97-84 1 ) [E. green + lands]; [gri·nlanz E. & S. Edwards] Nant Cellan fach 1 779PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantcillan fach 1 798PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nant Collen fach OOS 1 823, Nant-cellan-fach O S 1 834, Greenlands O S 1 982 This site was abandoned between 1 83 4-91 (see Nantcellan-fach, 67-a). The newer house Greenlands was built after 1 945 [inf. E. & S. Edwards] . Grendel Cottage -(SN 606-832)[E.pn. Grendel + E. cottage]; Grendel Cottage OS 1 982 Gwallog -(SN 590-857)[pn. Gwallog] ; [wabg , a'wabg E. & S. Edwards] Gwallog 1 678PR Llanbadam-fawr, Gwalloc 1 71 3PR Llanbadam-fawr, Gwallog 1 760CF, Gwallog 1 769map T.Lewis, Warchlog 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Wallog 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwalog 1 804PR Llan:fihangel Genau'rglyn, Gwall Og 1 803map J. Singer, Gwallawg als. Gwallog 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 58, Wallog OOS 1 823, Wallog OS1 834, Wallog OS 1 89 1 , Y Wallog 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p.20, (Y) Wallog 1 93 1 T.H.Williams p.288, Y Wallog 1 965 CER vol. 5 p. 1 37, Y Wallog 'as it now is' 1 994 R G. Gruffydd in Studia Celtica vol.28 p. 74 An alias of the submarine causeway Samgynfelyn (67-b) was Sarn Gwallog or Samwallog. This alias may be taken, either as, simply named after Gwallog, the holding that faced it on dry land, or, from the name of the ancient northern British hero Gwallauc map Laenauc who lived about the sixth century (another contemporary northern hero being named Cinbelin map Dumngual Hen [>988 Harl. MS 3859], though ­ possibly - not the same personage commemorated at Llangynfelyn, who was said to be a son of Meirion 1 004

(67) PERFEDD who gave his name to Meirionydd). The commemoration of originally northern ancient British heroes in this area, as with other parts of Wales, seems to demonstrate relocation of the stories, cf Beddtaliesin (76-b). R G. Gruffydd [ 1 994 Studia Celtica: 28.74] tentatively postulates the identification of the northern hero Gwallog with two place-names in Merionethshire (including Hendre-Wallog (Llanfthangel-y-Pennant, Mers.) [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 79, 1 42]), though he favours the identification of the Cardiganshire Gwallog with a thirteenth-century person named Gwallog associated with the commote of Genau'rglyn [ 1 974 P. c. Bartrum: 2.372 (Elystan Glodxydd 1 9)]. R G. Gru:ffydd's comment that the twelfth-century date given by P. C. Bartrum is too early, is confrrmed by the attestation in 128 1 of Meillir ap Waillauc of Genau'rglyn, presumably a son of that same Gwallog [ 1 28 1 CalChancR (var.): 207]). The pn. Gwa/log is usually derived from gwa/1, however the OW.pn. Guoillauc [ 1985 J. T. Koch: 4 1 4] may have given *Gwaellog, whence Gwallog, cf the form Waillauc of 1 28 1 . T. H. Williams [ 1 93 1 : 286] considered that the lenited form Wallog might have been due to it being " . . . the second element of such a name as Hendre-Wallog . . . where the frrst element has been lost, cf Capel Celyn ( 1 3 N.E. D), Capel Arthog (36 S.E. C) which are now always referred to as Celyn, Arthog. " However, this explanation does not seem to hold ground when we consider the earliest forms written Gwallog of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. T. H. Williams also considered ( 1 93 1 : 287] that the form Y Wallog . . . may be the mutation following the inorganic . . . vowel found preceding proper names," which is rather unconvincing. If Gwallog is a personal-name the growth of a defmite article is non-etymological. His attempts [ 1 93 1 T H. Williams: 288-89] to demonstrate that there was an inorganic vowel before personal-names are not very convincing, MW. Seint y Katrin is derived from the final of F. sainte '(female) saint', cf Saint-y-Brid (E. St Brides Major, Glarus.); and though an inorganic vowel was sometimes found before Bedo (a diminutive ofMaredudd) [ 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan: 161], cf Coed-y-Bedo (Mers.), there was no lenition The only example which appears to have an inorganic vowel preceding the lenited form of a personal-name is Y Bowls representing the E. tn. Saint Pauls (London) (see sub Bowls, 4-a). Another possibility as an etymology of Gwallog is that it is simply a nominalised adjective 'faulty, defective' (which S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 1 58] took to refer to the innundation of Cantre-gwaelod, e) , but which could refer to the submarine causeway Samgynfelyn which was considered a 'fault'. The definite article could be interpreted as the natural lenition of a nominalised adjective following the defmite article ( cf Y Fawnog). If so the form Y Wallog would be perfectly regular. However, the earlier forms written Gwallog suggest the personal-name, the lenited form Wallog, evidenced from 1 776 onwards, is probably typical of anomalous lenition (cf Waunarlwydd for Gwaunarlwydd), and the growth of a definite article - frrst attested 1 91 2 - is anomalous. There was a smeltery or mill just north of the stream: Old Mill [ 1769map T. Lewis] , Smelting House [ l 776map M. Mackenzie], WallogMill [ 1794PR L1anbadarn-fawr] . Hafodawelon -(SN 5 89-830)[hafod + awelon] ; Hafodawelon OS 1 982 Hengwm -(SN 604-835)[hen + tn. Cwm[cynfy] (67-a)]; [heg'gmn, he·g'gum E. & S. Edwards] Cym Cynfyn 1 680PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwm Cumyy 1 709PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwm Cunwy 1 71 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Cumvy 1 723PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Cynfm 1 730PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Cynfy 1 745rent Nanteos, Cwmcunfy 1 760CF, Cwm Cynfyn 1 763PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Cwm Cyfni 1 768PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwm Cynfy 1 769map T.Lewis, Hengwm 1 843TMS, Old Cwm 1 87 l cens. , Old Cwm O S 1 89 1 , Hen-gwm OS 1 904, Hen Gwm 1 9 1 3 CN 05/09/1 3 Was the Cwmcyn.fy home-farm, b. c. 1 770 [ 1 9 1 3 CN: 05/09/13]; see Cwmcyn.fy (67-a). Hunger Haii -(SN 60 1 -844)[E. hunger + hall] ; Hunger Hal1 1 769map T.Lewis Hwileirog-isa -(SN 607-85 5)[chwiler + -iog (+ isaf)]; [wi,Iejr:lg 'isa E. & S . Edwards] Choleyrog issa 1 625 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Whileirog 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Wileirog issaf 1 73 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Wileirog issa 1 769map T.Lewis, Wileirog isaf OOS 1 823, Wyleirog-isaf O S 1 834, Willaeriog, Willaerog 1 84 1 cens., Wyleirog 1 843TMS, Wileirog issa 1 845TMS Cyfoeth-y-brenin, Wileirog-isaf OS 1 891 See Hwileirog-ucha (74-a). Llaingors -(SN 5 88-840)[llain + y + cors]; [glau'g:lrs E. & S. Edwards] Llainygors 1 8 1 3PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llain-y-gors OS 1 834, Llainygorse 1 84 1 cens. , Glangorse, Llainygors 1 843TMS, Llain-y-gors O S 1 89 1 , Glangors OS 1 904 Llainsiriol -(SN 6 1 6-844)[llain + tn. (Nant] siriol (67-a)]; [!ajn'srrj:ll E. & S. Edwards] "

1 005

(67) PERFEDD Llain-siriol OS 1 89 1

Llangorwen -(SN 603 -83 8) [llan + n. Cyrwen ?] ; [eglus,lau'g :>rwen E . & S . Pont Llangwwen { or } 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llan

Edwards] Gorwen

1 73 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Llangorwen 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pont Llangarwen 1 760map E.Bowen, Pont Llangorwen 1 760CF,

(c)

Pont Llangorwen 1 769map T.Lewis, Bontlangorwen 1 772-73 in 1 946 T .Beynon p. 1 70, Pont

Llangorwen 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pontllongorwen 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pont Llangwrwen 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pont Llangurwen 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pont Llan-gerwen O S 1 834, (h) Pont-Llangorwen 1 83 3 S . Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 edn) vol. 1 p.246, Llangerwaen 1 83 6 R Rees p. 327, Llangorwen 1 843 TMS , Llangorwen, All Saints' Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Eglwys Pusey 1 9 1 4 CAST vol. 1 p.47

Cynven

Cirguen [ 1 1 20 Uita Sancti Paterni: 256]) was the name of Padarn's staff (see 1 987 E. R Henken M Haycock pp. 24 1 -45, as well as the staff called Ffon Cybi, which was kept at Holyhead (Angl.) in the fifteenth century [ 1 992 N. Edwards & A Lane: 9]). M Haycock [ 1 994: 244] is aware of the identification of Cynven with the toponym Llangonven but is against it: "Dywedir bod eglwys Llangorwen, Ceredigion, yn dwyn enw'r ffon (ond cymh. Corwen +- cor + maen). " However, I disagree with her equation of Llangonven with Conven (Mers.) which is only a superficial resemblance. The case for Cynven being the second element of Llangonven presents no phonological difficulty, the spellings can be explained as hypercorrection of an original *Llangyrwen (which is attested in the forms Penybont Llangynven 1 80 1 , Llangunven 1 804, Penybontllangunven 1 806, cf Penbont, 67-a). The reason that *Llangynven can be hypercorrected to Llangonven is that pre-cluster reduction of vowels is fairly common in Welsh, and [-gvrwen] presents an ideal environment for pre­ cluster vowel reduction. The explanation of this place-name by the name of the holy staff Cyrwen is tempting because Llangorwen is directly on the limit ofMaenor Llanbadam (originally the possession of Llanbadarn-fawr), not only this but the eastern limit of Maenor Llanbadam stood Tafamfagl (69-a) 'the inn of the staff I crosier'. As crosses were placed on administrative boundaries in medieval times, one can (OW.

p . 1 22 and 1 994

envisage the placing of an emblem (such as an image of a holy relic) of a particular church on the boundary of its lands. According to the southern recension of the medieval Welsh laws

if there was a

dispute between church lands and lands of lay rulers "bagyl ac euegyl bieu dangos y teruyneu" ('it behoves

[c. l 250(c. 1 300) Bleg. : 70] ; see sub Blaencrwser (16-a), Llwyngronwen be llan 'church', though there is no solid proof of an old of Llangonven (in 1 83 6, in his work on the Welsh saints, R Rees [327]

staff and gospel to show the bounds')

(58-a).

The first element of this name seems to

church in the immediate vicinity noted Llangorwen as

if there were an ancient church there, almost certainly on the strength of the

appearance of the name). When constructing the modern church in 1 84 1 , human remains were found: "Pan oeddis yn torri seiliau'r eglwys dargan:fyddwyd amryw fedd-gawgiau cyn-hanesyddol yn Hawn llwch ac esgyrn dynol llosgedig. Naturiol felly yw credu fod oesau. "

[ 1 9 1 2 Cymru: 43. 1 9] ;

gladdfa bwysig, os nad lle i addoli, yn y cyn­

yma

"Llangorwen church, so it used to be believed, stands on the site of an older

church which disappeared long ago. When digging for a foundation for the present structure, the workmen found an urn and some ashes, which seems to imply that there had been cremation there in some early age. They also discovered calcined skulls. "

( 1 91 4 CAST: 1 .45] . The discovery of an urn [ 1 00] . However there is no reason to and the urn and bones are judged [ 1 994 CCH:

containing bones was written down in the 1 869 Aberystwyth Guide believe these burials had anything to do with Christianity,

1 . 1 98]

to probably belong to the Bronze Age. Names in the neighbourhood referring to an ecclesiastical

site may be

Nantcellan,

some 700m to the

NW,

and neighbouring

rather late tradition of a monastery in the vicinity. The

llan

Tynrabi,

but there is as yet no proof of this. If there was a religious site with

Cynven

as its qualifier, we should

s; see sub Nantcellan (67-a). Another etymology that could be advanced is that the second element is convem 'dwarf alders' [GPC s.v. corwem], though this does not seem likely, nor does the identification by W. Rees [ 1 933map] of Cronwemeu which is likelier to have been Cronwen (78-a). The present church of Llangonven is no earlier than 1 84 1 , before that time the name referred to the bridge and adjoining houses, see Penbont (67-a). The modern church was consecrated 1 6/1 2/1 841 [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis ( 1 850 edn): 1 .246]. " A generation and more ago envisage

*Llangynven

which latter may conserve a

may be a reduced form of !lain 'strip, field',

as a dependent chapel of Llanbadarn-fawr some 3km to the

the church was known in the neighbourhood of Aberystwyth as 'Eglwys Pusey', from its connection with the leaders of the High Church movement. "

[ 1 9 1 4 CAST: 1 .47] ,

members of this faction of the Anglican

Church was known as Puseyites (locally the name was pronounced

Llechweddmelyn

�(SN 596-854) [llechwedd

+ melyn] ; [lex;we()'melm E. &

Llechwedd Melyn OS 1 982

1 006

piWsi [inf E. & s. Edwards] ) . S. Edwards]

(67) PERFEDD A recent bungalow named after Coed Llechweddmelyn (67-b). Loj Gwallog -(SN 599-602)[1oj + tn. Gwallog (67-a)] ; [bd3'wal;,g, bd3�'wabg E. & S. Edwards] Wallog Lodge OS 1 982 Maenhwch -(SN 609-85 1)[maen + hwch]; [i,van'IWz E. & S. Edwards] Pen Maen Hwch 1 73 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Maen Hwch 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Maen Hwch 1 769map T.Lewis, Penrnaenhwch 1 797PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Maen-hwch OS 1 834, Maen-hwch 1 843TMS, Maen­ hwch 1 845TMS Cyfoeth-y-brenin, Manywch 1 841 cens. , Maen-hwch OS1 89 1 , Maen-uwch OS1 904 The replacement of hwch 'sow' by uwch 'higher' is attested as early as 1 841 . Maenhwch-fach -(SN 6 1 1 -850)[maen + hwch (+ bach)]; Maen Hwch fach 1 769map T.Lewis In ruins 1 769 [1769map T. Lewis] . Melinglarach -(SN 60 1 -839)[melin + hn. Clarach]; [velin'va:z E. & S. Edwards] Melin OOS 1 823, Felin Clarach 1 826PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Melin OS 1 834, Clarach Mill 1 841 cens., Velinfach, (c) Rhosyfelin (prox.) 1 879 Cwrncynfelyn MS S p. l b.bet. 1 769-1 823 [1 769map T. Lewis; OOS1 823] . Melin Rh iwaei -(SN 621 - 845)[melin + tn. Rhiwael (74-a)] ; [�'velin E . & S. Edwards] Melyn Rywell 1 563/64 Edwinsford MSS, Melin-Riwell 1 566/67 Gog. OS p.94, Rhiwel Mill 1 73 3PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Melin Ruel 1 767PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Felin Riwel 1770MR Genau'rglyn, Rhiewel Mill Farm 1 787map R.Davis, Ruel Mill 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Velyn Rhywel 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Felinfach ? 1 841cens., Corn Mill OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Ben y Felin 1 945> D.Jones p.28, Felin Ruel 1 98 1 Tincer n. 39, Felin Ruel, 'now' Glyn Rhosyn, (pn. ) Ben y Felin 1 990 Tincer n. l 33, Y Felin 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 97 Mountpleasant -(SN 594-834)[E. mount + pleasant] ; [mawnt'plez�nt, now brm'h�vnd E. & S . Edwards] in£ Nantcellan-fach -(SN (ii)595-840)[nant + hn. Cellan (+ bach)] ; [nantkclan'va:z, now nant'ian, nan'lan E. & S . Edwards] Nantgollenfach 1 84 1cens., Nant-cellan-rach OS 1 89 1 , Nant Llan OS 1 982 i) SN 597-841 . See Greenlands (67-a). ii) SN 595-840. b. bet. l 834-91 [ 1 788map R. Davis; OS1 834] . Nantcellan-fawr -(SN (ii)599-844)[nant + hn. Cellan (+ mawr)]; [nant'kclan, nantkcl:an'vowr E. & S. Edwards] Tythin Aberhillan 1 633-34 Gog.OS p.67, Tythin-Abernant-Killan 1 660-61 Gog.OS p.67, Nant Gellan 1 732PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantkellan 1 769map T.Lewis, Nantcellan 1 779PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nant­ collen 1 788map RDavies, Nantcellan fawr 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantcillan fawr 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nantycyllan 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nant Collen fawr OOS1 823, Nant-cellan-fawr OS 1 834, Nant Cellan 1 843TMS, Nantcollen fawr 1 84 1cens. , Nantcillangawr 1 862 Cymerau MSS, Nant­ cellan-fawr OS 1 89 1 i) S N 597-843. 1 769. ii) SN 599-844. The adjoining stream-name is given as Nant Cellan by the OS map of 1 904, and as Cellan by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 53] . As we have both Nantcellan and Rhosgellan (67-a) it is impossible to be sure between the two forms Cellan or Nantcellan as to which was the original form, though if the form of 1 633-34 can be trusted the name of the stream was originally Cellan. That stream could be, either that one which runs into Clarach, past Nantcellan-:fawr, or - perhaps less probably - another that runs into the sea at Gwallog (67-a), past Rhosgellan. If it was the latter the name Cellan could refer to the lost religious establishment that was in the neighbourhood of Gwallog, the unlocated 'Capel Cilfelen': Capel Kiluellen [ 1578map c . Saxton]; Capel Kilvelen [ 1760map E. Bowen], Eglwys Llangwr [OOS1 823] . This name has been understood to represent Capel Cyf?felyn [ 1 956 Lloffion Llangynfelyn: 4; 1 996 R. G. Gruffydd: 15] though this is far from assured, cf. sub Samgynfelyn (67-b). Though shown on old maps 'Capel Cilfelen' has not been satisfactorily located [ 1956 Lloffion Llangynfelyn: 4], they are all county maps (at least) and the detail and accuracy cannot be vouched for (so that the extraction of a 6 figure grid-reference from those maps is unfeasible, as that of SN 592-854 given by R G. Gruffydd [ 1996: 1 5]). Nevertheless, there are some indications of the position of 'Capel Cilfelen' - though possibly dependent on Saxton's maps - near the sea below the stream at Gwallog, and above Rhosgellan [ 1760map E. Bowen]. The differing name Eglwys Llangwr (OOS1 823] seems to vouch a different source, and its location is nearer the shore facing Moelcemi (74-a). Otherwise, (c294) Cae Sylfaen (SN 60 1 -871) [ 18451MS] near Brynbala (74-a) may be worth considering in connection with 1 007

(67) PERFEDD the lost chapel; for the form Nantcollen, cf sub Ty-hen(ii) (76-a). Under Llangorwen (67-a) I have noted the possibility that the llan in that name, the abi in Tynrabi (67-a), and the cellan in this name, may refer to the same religious site, the name Llangorwen does argue for a site nearer the Clarach river (on the border of Maenor Llanbadam, e) , whilst most of the other evidence points to a site more towards Rhosgellan or Nantcellan. However the Eglwys Llangwr of the OS original survey of 1 823, placed some 3km ENE of Llangmwen, seems to represent the name * Eglwys Llangorwen. It seems that only archaeological excavation can sort this jumbled evidence of a medieval religious site in the area. Nantsiriol -(SN 6 1 4-845)[nant + siriol] ; [nant'sirJ>l, nan'sirj:.l, nant's1 980 [ 1 981 Angor: 35 ] . Ffarm Brongof -(SN 6 1 4-8 1 4)[ffarm + tn. Brongof]; [farm,vr�IJ'go:g E. Williams, S. Thomas] Fron G'ofach ? 1 784PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bron Go fach ? 1 83 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Fron OS1 834, Fron­ gog OS 1 89 1 , Fron-gog Farm 0Sc. 1 950, Frongog Farm OS 1 982 See Plas Brongof (68-a). Ftynnongaradog -(SN 6 1 7-83 1 )[ffynnon + pn. Caradog] ; [f�n�nga'rad�g E. Williams] COMINSCOCH

�

1014

(68) PERFEDD Fynnon-gradock 1 679PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynnon Garadog 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Fynnon Gradog 1 745rent Nanteos, Ffynon Caradog 1 772PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynon Gradog 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynnon Gradogg 1 788 Mynachdy MS, Ffynnon-Garadog c. 1 800map RM A1 l l, Funnon Guriadog 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ffynnon Caradoc OOS 1 823, Fynnon Gyradog 1 828rent Nanteos, Ffynnon Caradog OS 1 834, Ffynnon Garadog, Ffynnon Carradoe 1 843TMS, Ffynnon-caradoc OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnon­ caradog OS 1 904 Fronfraith -(SN 6 1 7-8 1 9) [y + bron + braith] ; [a'vr:mvraj8 S. Thomas, pla:sa'vr:mvraj8 S . Thomas, E. Williams, pla·sa'vr:mvre8 E. Williams, f'arma'vr�nvraj8 E. Williams] Fron Fraith 1 736PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Fron:fraith 1 745rent Nanteos, Y Fron Fraith 1 757 L.Morris in 1 949 H.Owen p . 9 1 8, Bronfraith 1 757 F. Green MS S vol.25 p.33, Fronfaith 'house' 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 371 , Fron Fraith 1 803map J. Singer, Fronfraith Grove 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Fron Ffraeth OOS 1 823 , Fronfraith OS 1 834, Fron-fraith OS 1 89 1 , Ffermdy'r Fronfraith 1 98 1 Angor n.4 1 , Fronfraith Farm + Fronfraith Bungalow OS 1 982, Plas y Fron:fraith 1 984 Angor n. 65 The home-farm of Fronfraith was built after 1 843 [ 18431MS], on its site at that time was (c) Cae Ty bach, the part remaining of which is now called (c) Cae bach [ 1 981 Angor: 41]. Fronfraith Cottages -(SN 61 5-8 1 8) [tn. Fron:fraith (68-a) + E. cottages] ; [k�ted31za'vr�nvraj8, vr�nvraj8 'k�ted31z E. Williams] Fron-fraith-cottages OS 1 89 1 , Fronfraith Cottage OS 1 982 Fronfraith-fach -(SN 609-823)[y + bron + braith (+ bach)]; [vr�nvraj8'va:z E. Williams] Fronfraith-:tach OS 1 834, Fronfraith fach 1 843TMS, Fron-fraith-tach OS 1 89 1 Frongoch -(SN 604-826)[y + bron + coch]; [vr�IJ'go:z Gw. Lewis] Frongoch 1 787PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Frongoch 1 803map J.Singer, Y Fron Goch OOS 1 823, Fron-goch OS 1 834, Frongoch 1 843TMS, Fron-goch OS 1 89 1 , Frongoch Farm (UCW) OS 1 982 Frongoch-facb -(SN 608-822)[y + bron + coch (+ bach)] ; [vr�ugoz'va:z, vr�n'hendre E. Williams] Frongoch fach 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Fron-goch-fach OS 1 89 1 , Fron-goch-fach OS 1 904, Frongoch fach 1 979 Angor n.2 1 , Bron Hendre OS 1 982 This was renamed Bron Hendre after a new house was built alongside the old house [inf E. Williams] . Glannant -(SN 61 1 - 820)[glan + y + nant]; [glan'nant Gw. Lewis] Wern 1 843TMS Gwemffylip -(SN 62 1 - 827) [gwern + pn. Ffylip] ; [wern locally, wern'f'Ihp E. Williams} Wern Philip 1 708PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwern Philip 1 747map L.Morris, Gwern Phillip 1 745rent Nanteos, Wernffylip 1 806PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Wern Ffillip 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Wern Ffylip 1 8 1 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Wern OS 1 834, Wern Phillip 1 843TMS, Wern-phylip OS 1 89 1 , Wern­ phillip OS 1 904, Wern Phylip 1 982 Angor n.45, (c) Lon y Wern 1 982 Angor n.44 Heulfre -(SN 6 1 2- 8 1 8)[haul + bre] ; Heulfre OS 1 982 Hilltop -(SN 61 3-8 1 7) [E . hill + top]; Hill Top OS 1 982 Kerry -(SN 606-82 1 ) [E.tn. Kerry]; [keri Gw. Lewis] Kerry OS 1 982 b. > 1 93 9 [inf. Gw. Lewis] . This could either be Kerry (W. llanfihangel-yng-Ngheri, Monts.), or the Irish county Kerry (I. Ciarral). Lif"m -(SN (ii)628-8 1 6) [ ? ] ; [pla:sa'hvm, pla:sa'li·vin, hvm E. Williams, l�vz'gro:v E. Griffiths, S. Thomas] Lovesgrove 1 672 Maes-newydd MSS, Lovesgrove 1 685PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Love's-grove 1 7 1 3 Maes­ newydd MSS, Loversgrove als. Brynglas 1 7 1 8 F. Green MSS vol.25 n. 1 , Loves Grove 1 745rent Nanteos, Lovesgrove 1 764 Nanteos fpls. , Lovesgrow 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Love's Grove 1 807PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Living 1 822PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lovesgrove c. l830sur map Nanteos, Love's Grove 1 836map RM Ai l S, Lovesgrove OS 1 89 1 , Gelli Gari als. Lovesgrove 1 895 Cymru vol. 9 p.279, i Gelli Gari 1 896 Cymru vol. 1 1 p. 284, Llwyn Garu als. Love's Grove 1980 Angor n.28 i) SN 629-8 1 7. 1 843 [18431MS]. ii) SN 628-8 1 6. b. 1 883 [ 1 984 Tincer: 72] . The traditional name o f this mansion in local Welsh was Lifin [ inf. E . Williams] , attested a s far back as 1 822, which may possibly be some derivative of E. love or at least was equated with that word when the name Lovesgrove was coined. The name was also found in Lon Lifin (the road between Lifin and -

1015

(68) PERFEDD Capeldewi (68-a) and the main turnpike road out of Llanbadam, 66-a), lo:n'li·vin, flats�'li·vin (prox. ) [inf E. Griffiths] , Lon y Living [ 1 927 M. H. Jones: 41 ] . A name that seems to contain the same element is Esgairlifing (SN 57-40, Rhydcymerau, Carrns .). It is possible that Lifin is quite independent of E. love, M H. Jones [ 1 927: 4 1 ] interpreted it as the E. term living, suggestive of an ancient ecclesiastical monastic cell, now forgotten - perhaps Capelelen (69-a) - but I am not convinced by this explanation. I do not believe it is the adjective l!Y.fn 'smooth', as the usual pronunciation in northern Cardiganshire is l�vm, furthermore any place-name other than a recent coining would be expected to contain the feminine form of llefn, cf Garreglefn (SN 75-3 1, Myddfai, Carrns .). The English name Lovesgrove seems to have had a Welsh counterpart which was still remembered locally as Celli-garu. The verb caru 'to love' is also a noun in south-western Wales, where it is used as the northern Welsh cariad, as a term of intimacy, however, cf Llety-cariad (Carrns .), Llety Kariad [c. 1600 L. Dwnn: 1 .232]. The use of caru as a noun referring to the personification of Love may have a pseudo-Classical romantic motivation, which may make this place­ name a romantic coining similar in some respects to Nanteos (64-a), which is first attested in the late seventeenth century (the alias noted in 1 7 1 8 - Brynglas - may preserve the older name, cf Loj, 68-a). A similar name is Llwyngaru (33-a), which, however, is not known to have been anything more than a typical agricultural holding. The name Celli-Angharad which appeared on road-signs about of the nearby crossroads, testifY to the frenzy of welshi:fication that accompanied the 1 992 National Eisteddfod, when it came to Aberystwyth, and was sited on the grounds of

Lovesgrove.

I remember the name to have

appeared by at least the spring of 1 992 and to have spread through the Welsh media and organisers of the event, but I have never been able to ascertain how

Celli-Angharad

(cf

Celli-Angharad, 22-a) was Angharad with

identified with Lovesgrove, beyond a superficial and approximate resemblance of the f pn the vn.

caru

'to love'. Nevertheless, since 1 992 this name of unknown provenance has been officialised by

the local authorities as the Welsh version of the name of the crossroads near of

Celli-garu,

Lovesgrove,

at the expense

the Welsh version which was current with local Welsh speakers about a century

beforehand. I cannot here refrain myself from voicing my dislike at the invention of such false 'traditional' name, which no doubt will be invoked by some individuals in the future to demonstrate the corruption of Welsh

Celli-Angharad into English Lovesgrove. Llainarthur -(SN 626-822)[llain + pn Arthur] ; [lajn'ar8rr E.

Williams]

Llain Arthir 1 78 8sur map, Llwyngog 1 843TMS, Llain-arthur Cottage OS 1 89 1

Llainestyn

-(SN 630-821 ) [llain + y r + estyn] ;

Llain Iestyn 1 747map L.Morris, Llain Iestyn O S 1 8 3 4, Llanrhystyn OS 1 89 1 , Llain-yr-ystun O S 1 904 This was explained as "Llain wedi ei estyn. Gwnaed hyn wedi nos. "

[ 1924-26 C SRLS 1 9 ], though it is likelier estyn is a term for a piec of land, cf (c6) Cae 'r Estin (W of Lovesgrove Farm, 68-a) (1 764 Nanteos :tpls. ]. Llwynddewi -(SN 629-82 1 ) [llwyn + pn. Dewi] ; [lujn' 1 86 1 [ 1 9 1 1 Ll. Morgan: 30]; b. 1 861 [ 1 969 M. Brown: 36] ; b. 1 878 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 71]; closed 1 887 [ 1 969 M. Brown: 40] ; closed 1 889 [1 980 E. Edwards: 7 1 ] . Transferred from English circuit to Welsh circuit [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 71]; denom. WM (Engl. ) I WM .

1 03 0

(70) PERFEDD Castell - (SN 691 - 8 1 8)(castell] ; [kastcl M. Morgan] Castell OS 1 834, Goginan Castle 1 841 cens. , Castell OS 1 89 1 Refers t o Bane-y-castel/ (70-b). Castellcoch -(SN 724-836)[castell + coch]; [kastcl'ko:z E. Howells, l J. Morgan, E. Humphreys] Castell Coch OOS 1 834, Castell-coeth OS 1 834, Castell Coch 1 843TMS, Castell-coch OS 1 89 1 There seems to be no tangible fortification in the vicinity. Cefnbangor-isa -(SN 678-799)[cefn + tn. Bangor (+ isaf)]; [ke·vem'baiJg:>r, ke·ven 'baiJg:>r E. Griffiths, keven 'baiJg:>r M Morgan] (c) Keven y Prisk, Tyr Keven y Prisk ar Keven Bangor 1 692 Coleman MS 133, Tirykeven als. Keven Bangor 1 730 Cymerau MSS, Cevn Bangor 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cefn Bangor OS 1 834, Cefn­ bangor-isaf OS 1 891 Cefnbangor-ucha -(SN 683-803)[cefn + tn Bangor (+ uchaf)] ; [keven'baiJg:>r M. Williams] Tynewydd Ceven Bangor ? 1 8 14PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cefn-bangor-uchaf OS 1 891 Cencoed -(SN 673-809)[cefn + coed]; [kiQkod M. Williams, A. B. James, kiiJ'k:>jd E. Griffiths, P. Davies, km 'k:>jd, ken'k:>jd E. Griffiths] Plas in y Kevencoed 1 592 Maes-newydd MSS, Tythin y Keaven Koed, Keaven Coyed 1 62 1 /22 IMaes­ newydd MSS, Kencoed, Tythyn Cencoed 1 693 Maes-newydd MSS, Cen Coed als. Keven Coed 1 7 1 3 IMaes-newydd MSS, Ceingcoed 1 71 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cefn y Coed 1 73 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cencoed als. Keven Coed 1 752 Castlehill MSS, o'r Ceincoed 1 757 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p. 925, Kincoid 1 760map E.Bowen, Keven y Coed 1 760CF, Cefn Coed 1 747map L.Morris, Cefncoed 1 786 Cymerau MSS, Cencoed als. Kefen y Coed 1 798 Crosswoood MSS, Cefencoed 1 799PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Cefn Coed 1 803map J.Singer, Ceincoed 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Keincoed 1 806PR Llanbadam­ fawr, Keingkod 1 8 1 5PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Cefn-coed OS1 834, Cefn-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Cyncoed OS1 904 For the reduction of penultimate cefn- to cen- before a consonant, see Cencoed (21 -a). Coed -(SN 694-805)[coed]; [�'k:>·jd M. Morgan, �'k:>jd M. Williams, k:>jd A B. James] Pen-rhiw-felen OS1 891 Cornish Row -(SN 691 - 8 1 7)[E.en. Cornish + row]; [k:>rmJ'row M. Williams] Cornish Mount ? 1 841 cens., Cornish Row OS 1 891 Inexistent [OS1 904] ; "Byddai rhestr o chwech o dai bychain ger y gwaith a theulu Cerniwaidd yn byw ym mhob un ohonynt, ac y mae'r enw 'Cornish Row' yn hynod yn swyddfa'r Cof-lyfraeth hyd heddiw." [ 1 945> D. Jones: 30]. By 1 841 about halfthe population of the parse/ ofMelindwr was non-native [ 1 983 CER: 9.323] . Craiglas -(SN 68 1 - 8 10)[craig + glas] ; [krajg 'la:s M Williams] Craiglas OS 1 982 A new house built in the 1 970s [inf M. Williams] . CWMBRWYNO -(SN 707-808)[cwm + hn. Brwyno] ; [kum'brujno M. Morgan] Cwmbrwyno 1 760CF, Cwmbrwynog 1 776PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cwmbrwyno 1 790sur map, Cwm­ brwyno OS 1 891 Dinas -(SN 742-826)[dinas] ; [di·nas E. Howells, l l Morgan] Tythin-Tal-y-Dinas 1 630 Gog.OS p. 82, Dinas 1 747 L.Morris p. l 7, Dan y Dinas 1 790sur map, Dinas OS 1 834, Dan y Dinas 1 843TMS, Dainas c. 1 850map Perfedd, Dinas OS 1 89 1 , Y Dinas, 'not' Y Ddinas 1 909 CAST vo1. 1 p.33 Dollwen -(SN 687- 8 1 2)[y + toll + gwern]; [d:>iwen P. Davies, �·d�wen M. Williams] Dollwen 1 73 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dollwen 1 747map L.Morris, Dollwern 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dollwen 1 789 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p. 3, Dollwern 1 799PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ddolwen OS 1 834, Dolwen 1 834 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p. 6, Dollwen OS 1 891 'The field and house erected thereon called Dollwen [ 1 789 NLW misc. MSS: 3 . 3 ] . In the eighteenth century Dol/wen d :>iwen (70-a), shows alternate forms such as Dol/wen 1 73 1 , 1 747, 1 789, Dollwern 1 777, 1 799 (cf. Gilwen, 50-a). The meaning of twll is adjectival 'holed' rather than the noun 'hole' in such a construction, what the burden of 'holed swamp' is is unclear, but if we take gwern here to mean 'alder(s) ', we get 'holed alder(s)', which can be compared to Tyllgoed (1 7-a). As gwern is taken to be a plural (the singular being gwernen 'an alder tree'), we would perhaps rather expect * Tyllwern, but this may be an archaic use of gwern as a singular - before the singular and plural senses of gwern were distinguished by the suffix -en. The old word for an 'oak', ddr, is found in Llandyb!e (Carms.) in the composite To/dar 'holed

1 03 1

(70) PERFEDD oak' (9thcent . Chad: xlvii], which might have been expected - if it had survived - to appear in MnW. as *(Y) Dollddar; see Dyllfaen (70-b). Dolpandy -(SN 659-800)[dol + y + pandy] ; [do:l�'pandi P. Davies] Dolepandy 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Doly Pandy 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Doleypandy 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dolpandy 1 84l cens., Dol-y-pandy OS 1 904 Druid -(SN 688- 8 1 0)[E. druid + inn] ; [drmd P. Davies] Druid Inn OS 1 834, Druid Inn 1 843TMS, Druid Inn OS 1 891 About 1 83 0 the turnpike road was opened in the area and it i s likely that the Druid was built afterwards [ 1 985 Tincer: 85] ; see Goginan (70-a). Felin-fach -(SN 66-80)[y + melin + bach]; [velm'va:x, als. velm'newd5 E. Griffiths] Felinfach 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Melin fach 1 809PR Llanbadam-fawr, Melin:filch Maesbangor 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadam-fawr, Velin Melindwr ?? 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Velin vach 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadam­ fawr, Corn Mill, (c) Bont-newydd als. Pont Felin-mch (prox.) OS 1 891 , Maes-bangor Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 904 Ffrwd -(SN 732-840)[ffiwd]; Ffrydd (sic) OOS 1 8 34, Ffrwd 1 843TMS, Sheepfold OS 1 89 1 Ficrej -(SN 657-800)[E. vicarage] ; Vicarage OS 1 89 1 , The Old Vicarage OS 1 982 Garddeden -(SN 747-837)[gardd + Bibl.tn. Eden]; [germ E. Howells, garO'e·den J. J. Morgan] Aberhirnant 1 582/83 Gog. OS p. 69, Hafod-isav 1 803map J. Singer, Aber Nant OOS 1 834 Geuallt -(SN 692-820)[y + cau + alit] ; [gi·alt E. Griffiths, �·gialt M. Morgan, g ijatt E. & E. Hughes, a·r 'gejaH M Williams] Gilbertson's Cottage OS1 89 1 , Y Geuallt 1 945> D.Jones p. 1 , o'r Gauallt 1 945> D.Jones p.22, Y Guallt 1 986 Tincer n. 92, Geuallt + Kenwood (signs) A row of small houses [ 1 945> D. Jones: 1 ] ; see sub Gocheldwmlo (72-a) . Geufaes -(SN 726-83 1 )[y + cau + maes] ; [gejves E. Howells, J. J. Morgan] Geifes 1 732PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Geufaes 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Geufaes 1 747map L.Morris, Geifes 1 79 1 PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Geifes 1 834map W.Morgan, Gifaes 1 843TMS, Coefaes c. 1 850map Perfedd, Gyfes c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Gaverse 1 862 G.Borrow p.208, Geifaes 0Sc. 1 950 Cf (c) Yr Hen Gae (SN 729-834) [1 8431MS Parse1-canol] , and (c) Masifaid 'sheepwalk' [ 1843TMS Melindwr] . Gilbertsons Row -(SN 69 1 -820)[E. sn. Gilbertson + -'s + row] ; Gilbertson's Row OS 1 89 1 William Cobb Gilbertson, inherited Prysgaga (73-a) after the death o f his uncle and benefactor [ 1 80 1 GW)Tifiyn MSS], William Jones (t 1 779). He was one of the captains (managers) o f local mines, and moved to Cefngwyn (76-a) where he built Plas Cefngwyn c. 1 8 1 7 [ 1 830 GW)Tifiyn MSS; 1 974 CER: 7.338; inf Gw. Davies, H. Thomas]; cf Geuallt (70-a). Glandwr -(SN 729-83 5)[glan + y + d"Wr] ; Glan y Dwr 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Lluest Glan Ydwr 1 747map L.Morris, Glandwr 1 80 8PR Ysbyty­ Cynfyn, Glandwr OS 1 834, Glandwr + Glandwr isaf 1 84 1 cens., Glandwr 1 843TMS, Glan-d"Wr OS 1 89 1 Glynmelindwr -(SN 666-802)[glyn + hn. Melindwr]; Glinmelindwr 1 84 1 cens. , Glyn-melindwr OS 1 891 GOGINAN -(SN 688-8 1 1 ) [tn. Goginan-fawr (70-a)]; [go'g i·nan E. Griffiths, P. Davies, g :l'gi·nan E. Griffit hs] Goginan 1 841 cens. , Druid Village als. Pentre Sayer 1 80()2/zcens. in 1 983 CER vol.9 p. 324, Goginan OS 1 89 1 , a Phentref Goginan 1 945> D. Jones p. 1 , Pentref y Druid als. Pentre Sayer 1 985 Tincer n. 82, Goginan 'newydd' 1 985 Tincer n. 82, ym Mhentre'r Druid yng Ngoginan 1 992 D.Jenkins p.69 Essentially, Goginan grew to be a village in the 1 840s ( 1 985 Tincer: 76] , it contained: three or four houses and inn in 1 84 1 , but 41 houses and inn by 1 85 1 [1 985 Tincer: 82] ; thirty-seven properties in 1 85 1 ( 1 983 CER: 9.325] . "Nid yw enw Pentref y Druid i'w glywed gymaint a fu . . . Enw arall ar y tai oedd Pentre Sayer ar ol un John Sayer a fu'n cadw'r dafarn am nifer o :flynyddoedd. " [1 985 Tincer: 82] . John Sayer (t l 850), and his sister Anne Sayer (t 1 8 55), were both from Yorkshire [1 983 CER: 9.324; 1 985 Tincer: 82] . Goginan-fach -(SN 695-81 9)[cegin + -an (+ bach)]; [go,gi·nan'va:x, P. Davies, Q:l,gi·nan'va:x, E. Griffiths, Q :l ,ginan'va:x, M Morgan]

1 032

(70) PERFEDD Coginan 1747map L. Morris, Goginan fach 1801PR Llanbadarn�fawr, Goginfach 1804PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Coginan fach 1821PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Coginan-fach OS1834, Goginan fach 1843TMS, Goginan­ fiich OS1891, Goginan fiich OS1982

Goginan-fach Cottage -(SN 693-820)[tn. Goginan-fach (70-a) + E.

cottage];

Goginan-fiich Cottage OS1891

Goginan-fawr -(SN 682-821)[cegin+-an (+ mawr)]; [�'bagk M

Morgan,

bagk'farm E. & E. Hughes]

Goginan 1680PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ceginan 1718PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Goginan 1757 L.Morris in 1949 H.Owen p.898, Gogynan vawr 1760CF, Cegynan fawr 1766 Powys Castle MS 22274, Goginan ucha >1774map Moel:fferm, Goginan 1776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cefn Coginan 1803map J.Singer, Goginan fawr 1804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bank OS1834, Goginan fawr 1843TMS, Goginan-fawr OS I 891, Bane Goginan fawr 1896 D.Ll. Thomas p.305,

Y Bane,

'the proper name of the farmholding is' Goginan fawr,

'but Isaac was known as' Isaac y Bane 1945> D.Jones p.23

Ceginan (14-a); Rhos Ceginan (25-a); Goginan (62-a); He[ ]dre Geginan 1540-77 (Denbs.) ( 1 938 R. I. cecin. The development ceginan � coginan goginan is fairly regular in Welsh, cf Cerddinen � Gorddinen (Caems.) [ 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 108-09] . Gwaith Cwmbrwyno -(SN 713 -806)[gwaith+ tn. Cwmbrwyno (70-a)]; [tajr'gwajO M. Morgan] Cf

Thomas : 202]; OW.

�

Cwmbrwyno Mine 1834map W.Morgan, Cefn Brwyno Mine 1800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Cwmbrwyno Mine 1874 A.Francis p.38, Cwm-Brwyno Mine (lead) OS1891, Cwm-brwyno Mine (disused) OS1904, Cefn Brwyno 1975 D.E. Bick p.19, Cefn Cwm Brwyno 1985 RBurt

et a!.

p.24

"It appears to have been discovered about 1840, but only produced ore in any quantity twelve years later." [ 1 922 0. T. Jones: 86]. Gwaith Cwmgraig -(SN 704-815)[gwaith + tn.

Cwmgraig (70-b)];

[gwajO,kom'graig M

Williams]

Blaendyffryn als. Nantyrarian Mine 1866 J.G.Williams p.20, Blaendyffryn 1874 A.Francis p.53, Nantyrarian Mine 1874 A.Francis p. 54, Nant-yr-arian Mine (lead) OS1891, Silver Stream Mining Company c.1900 in 1978 CER vol.8 p.341, Nantyrarian als. Blaendyffryn 1909 CAST vol. l p. 60, Silver Stream 1922 O.T.Jones p.148, Nant-yr-arian 0Sc.1950, Silver Brook 1985 R.Burt

Gwaith Cwmsiop

-(SN 668-807)[gwaith + tn. Cwmsiop];

[gwaj0kom1�P E.

et a!.

p.82

Griffiths]

Bron Llangwrda Mine als. Troedrh[i]w Las 1747 L.Morris p.48, West Goginan 1874 A.Francis p. 51, West Goginan Mine (lead) OS1891, Gwrda 1800¥zmap Min.Dist., West Goginan Mine (disused) OS1904, Gwrda, West Goginan OS1974 Geol. map, Tip (dis) OS1982, Bronllangwrda 1985 R.Burt

al.

et

p.7, New West Goginan 1985 R.Burt et a/. p.53

Truck system operated with this mine, thus tickets were paid which had to be used at the shop [inf

E.

Griffiths].

Gwaith Goginan

-(SN 692-819)[gwaith+tn. Goginan[-fawr] (70-a)];

[gwajOg;:,'ginan M

Williams]

Kegyne 1665 in 1923 K.Carpenter p.101, Geginnon 1662 in 1747 L. Morris p. 47, Goginian 1699 W.Waller p.8, Goginan 1699rnap W.Waller, Coginan 1745 L.Morris in 1947 H. Owen vol.l p.149, 'mentioned by all our mineral writers, under the different names' Goginian, Goginan, Kyginan 1747 L.Morris p.45, Keginian 1747 L. Morris p.58, Mine Work, Coginan Lead and Silver Mine 1747sur map L.Morris p. 45, Goginan 1755 in >1765b L.Morris p. 22, Coginan

+ Coginan fawr (prox. ) 1756 L.Morris

£38, Coginan Lead Mine 1803map J. Singer, Goginan Mine Works 1843TMS, Goginan Mine (lead) OS1891, Goginan Mine (disused) OS1904

Stamping Mill ( 1800}-2 Nanteos :tpls.]; worked til1 1886 ( 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 66]. Gwaith Hirnant -(SN 756-839)[gwaith + tn. Hirnant]; Included a

Hirnant Mine 1874 A.Francis p.3, Hirnant OS1974 Geol. map

Gwaith Nantmoch -(SN 764-867)[gwaith+tn

Nantmoch (70-a)];

Nantymoch Mine 1874 A.Francis p.14, Shaft (dis) OS1982

Gwaith Tynpwll -(SN 677-816)[gwaith + tn.

Tynpwll (70-a)];

West Cwm Merfm als. Melindwr Valley 1800¥2 Nanteos fpls., West Cwmerfm 1874 A. Francis p.50, Ty'n-y-pwll Mine (lead) OS1891, West Cwm Erfin 18002/zmap Min.Dist., Ty'n-y-pwll Mine (disused) OS1904, Melindwr Valley als. Ty'nypwll Mine 1922 O.T.Jones p.75, Melindwr OS1974 Geol. map, West Cwmerfin 1985 RBurt et a!. p.27 Gwarllan -(SN 692-8 I O)[gwar +y+ llan]; [gwar'ian M. Morgan] in£ Destroyed when road was widened (inf. M. Williams] .

1 03 3

(70) PERFEDD Yr Helfa -(SN 758-861 )[yr + helfaL Helfa 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Sheepfold OS 1 89 1 I t i s difficult to ascertain whether this name i s similar but independent from the nearby Yr He/fa-las (72-a), or does it reflect the removal of the latter to this site; cf. Clap-yr-helfa (70-b); Yr He/fa-las (72-a); Nant-yr­ helfa(i + ii) (d). Henhafod -(SN 758-847)[hen + hafod] ; [he·n'hav:>d, (c) klap�,hre:n'hav:>d E. Howells] (c) Yr Hen Hafods Close (prox. Maesnant, 72-a) 1 707 Mostyn MS 1 459-6 1 , (c) Kae ir Hen Havod 1 708 Mostyn MS 1 462, Hen Havod 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Hen Hafod 1 747map L.Morris, Hen Havod 1 760CF, Tyddin Henhafod 1 788 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p.3, Hen Hafod 1 793PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Tythin Hen Havod 1 8 1 1 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p.5, Hen Hafod OOS 1 834, Hen Hafod OS 1 834, Hen-hafod OS 1 891 Himant -(SN 753-837)[hir + nant] ; [h1rnant J. J. Morgan] Y Rachyl ym Llaen Hirnant 1 570-71 Gog. OS pp. l 1 4-1 5, Tythin Hirnant 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS , Hirnanland 1 730 Cymerau MSS, Lluest Hirnant 1 747map L.Morris, Hirnant 1 803map J. Singer, HSmant 1 807 Nanteos fpl. 3 8 8, Hir Nant OOS 1 834, Hirnant OS 1 834, Hemant 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Hirnant OS 1 89 1 The meaning o f Y Rachyl - cf. Yr Agsyl (sub Craig-y-gath, 7 1 -b) - whose readings are uncertain, both achul 'emaciated', or achub 'a (land-)holding' suggest themselves; cf. the mountain stream named Nant­ yr-achub (SH 80-40, Capelcelyn, Mers.). Horeb -(SN 708-806)[Bibl.tn. Horeb] ; Methodist Chapel (Wesleyan) OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Brwynog (Horeb) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.280, Capel-Horeb OS 1 904, Capel bach Cwmbrwyno 1 945> D.Jones p. 21, Capel Hareb OS 1 982, Horeb 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.46 b. 1 859 [1 980 E. Edwards: 70] ; denom. WM. Jes rii -(SN 690-8 1 3 )[Bibl.tn. Jezreel] ; [kapel'bapbs M. Morgan, kapel'baptist P. Davies, d3Cz'ri:l M Williams] Jezreel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.544, Bapt. Chap. (Genl.) OS 1 89 1 , Goginan (Jezreel) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.2 8 1 , Capel Jezreel OS 1 904, Jesreel 1 988 Tincer n. 1 05 b. 1 828-29 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 281 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 69] ; b. 1 842 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 544; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 69] . The Biblical name Jezreel refers to a noted valley in Palestine, and it seems likely that this was perceived as a fitting name for its location, cf the nearby Capeldyffryn (70-a); denom. B. Lefl-newydd -(SN 708-822)[lefl + newydd] ; Level Reich (prox. ) 1 874 A Francis p.48, Levelyrhych (prox. ), Level newydd als. New Level 1 922 O.T.Jones p . 8 1 , Level newydd OS1 974 Geol. map, Level newydd 1 975 D.E.Bick p. 39, Mine (dis) OS 1 982 A garbled form of the nearby Lejl-yr-ych gave Level Reich (possibly influenced by the fact that reich translates as 'rich' in German). Lle'rneuaddau -(SN 756-849)[lle + yr + neuaddau] ; [ier'nja(5e E. Howells, le:r'nja 1 774map Moelfferm,

[tajrkap'tenjed

E. Griffiths]

Coginan-fawr OS 1 834,

Goginan 1 84 1 cens. , English Row ?

1 85 1 cens. in 1 98 3 CER vol. 9 p . 3 25, Agents Row 1 800212 in 1 983 CER vol. 9 p. 3 3 3 , Old Goginan OS 1 89 1 , Hen Goginan 1 985 Tincer n. 82

English Row consisted of six properties [ 1851cens . in

" Captain was a common courtesy

1 983 CER: 9.325);

title for such persons [mine managers] and indicates no military rank. " [ 1 978 CER:

Tanrallt -(SN 704-806)[tan + yr + alit] ; [tan'ralt M.

8.341 ] .

Morgan]

Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1

Tancoed

-(SN 668-802) [tan + y + coed] ;

Tancoed 1 84 1 cens. , Tanycoed 1 843TMS, Tan-y-coed OS 1 89 1

Tan-yr-eithin -(SN 674-798) [tan + yr + eithin] ; (cl60) Cae Eithin Tewon 1 843TMS, Tan-yr-eithin O S 1 891 Inexistent [ os 1 904] . Tanffordd -(SN 652-803) [tan + y + ffordd] ; Tynyffordd 1 84 l cens., Tan-ffordd 1 984 Tincer n. 72

Tan-y-geuallt - (SN 690- 8 1 9) [tan + y + cau + allt] ; Tan-y-geuallt OS 1 89 1

Tanrhiwfelen - (SN 690- 8 1 3 ) [tan + y + rhiw + melen] ; [tannw'velen M

Morgan]

Tan-rhiw-melyn OS 1 89 1 , Tan-rhiw-felen O S 1 904, Tanrhiwfelen (sign)

Troedrhiwcastell -(SN 690- 8 1 5) [troed + rhiw + yr + castell] ; [tr:ldnw'kastrl M Troed

Rhiw

Castell

1 747map

L. Morris,

Troed

Rhiw'r

Castell

Morgan] 1 747sur

map

L.Morris

p.45,

Troidrhywcastel1 1 799PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troed�y-rhiw-castell OS 1 89 1 Refers to Bane-y-castel/ (70-b). Troedrhiwfelen -(SN 692-8 1 2) [troed + rhiw + melen]; Troed y Rhiw Felen 1 747map L.Morris, Troedrhiwfelen ? 1 760CF, Troed Rhiw Felen >1 774map Moelfferm, Troedrhiwfelen 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhyfelen 1 78 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr

Cf Troedrhiwfelen (63-a). Troedrhiwlwba -(SN 663 -795)[troed

+ rhiw + lwba];

[tu'lu·ba, tr:ljdnw'lu·ba

E. Griffiths,

tr:ldnw'luba

E.

Evans (Bronant)] Troed Rhyw Lwba 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Trod Rhywlwba 1 680PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troed Rhiw Lwba 1 69 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tythyn Troed Rhiw Gibdda als. Troed Rhiw Lwba 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MS S ,

Troed

Rhiw

Troedrhiwlwba

1 784

Lwba

1 747map

Maes-newydd

L. Morris,

(A)

MSS ,

Troed

Rhyw

Troedrywlwba

Lwba

1 772PR

Llanbadam-fawr,

1 797PR Llanbadam-fawr,

Tythyn

Troedrhiw Gilvan als. Troedrhiwloba 1 799 Abertrinant MSS , Troedrhiwlwba 1 803PR Llanfihangel-y­ Creuddyn, Troedyrhiewloba 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 08/ 1 2/1 0, Troed Rhiw-lwbau O S 1 834,

(c)

Coed Cwm Riblau

(prox.) 1 843 TMS Cwmrheidol, Troed-rhiw-lwba OS 1 891 , Troed Rhiw Bwba (sic) 1 93 8 E.Isaac p. 78 This is reminiscent of Bwba

Gawr [c. 1 600 s. D. Rhys: 1 36; 1 988 I.

c.

Grooms (C): 97-98] - note form of 1 938 Casteth Bwba [ c. l 600 s. D. Rhys: 1 38]. The local antiquarian M H. Jones [1 927: 40] as meaning 'a bulging ascent, from However, the only meaning lwba seems to have in Cardiganshire Welsh is

whose unlocated castle in Llanbadarn-fawr parish was named term

lwba

was given by the

path that goes up the cefu. " 'lout, fool, idiot'.

Troedrhiw Nantbran

-(SN 684-8 1 7)[troed + y + rhiw + hn. Nantbran] ; [ (c) hnwnant�'vra:n (prox. ) E. Griffiths]

Ranbran 1 277-80 in 1 897 RA.Roberts p . 1 22, Randyr de Nant Bran 1 3 02-03rent ns. 1 6-1 7, Troed Rhiw Nant Bran 1 747sur map L. Morris p.45, Troedrhiw 1 747map L.Morris, Troedyrhiwnant Braen 1 789 NLW misc. MSS vol. 3 p. 3 , Troedyrhywnantbraen 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedyrhyw Nantbrain 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Troedyrhyw Nanybran 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

Troedyrhiw Nantbran

1 8 1 9PR Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn, Troedrhiw Nant Bran 1 823PR Llanbadam-fawr, Glan'r-afon OS 1 834, Troedrhiw Nant Braen 1 83 4 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p.6, Glanyrafon, Troedyrhiw 1 84 1 cens . , Troed Rhiw Nant-y-brain 1 843TMS, Troed-y-rhiw (2x) OS 1 89 1

Ranbran

or

Nantbran

i n Perfedd was given t o the monks i n 1 277, i n exchange for the site o f the new

town and castle of Aberystwyth

[1 896 R. A Roberts: 94; 1 924 W. Rees: 37] . Ty-canoi -(SN 763 - 845) [ty + canol] ; [ti'kan:ll, feldill,ti'kan:ll E. Howells]

1 038

(70) PERFEDD Ty canol Henhavod 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Tyddin Ty canol 1 788 NLW misc. MSS vol. 3 p.3, Tythin Ty canol 1 8 1 1 NLW misc. MSS vol.3 p. 5 In ruins [ 1 747 L. Morris: 1 7] Ty-defaid -(SN 720-834)[tY + yr + defaid]; Ty Defaid 1 800¥2rnap Blaencwmsymlog Ty-llwyd -(SN 665-80 l ) [ty + llwyd] ; [ti·'lujd P. Davies, E. Griffiths] Maes Bangor als. (sic) Ty Llwyd 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MSS, Ty Llwyd ? 1 755 in >1 765b L.Morris p. 22, Tyllwyd 1 784 Maes-newydd (A) MSS, Ty Llwyd Maesbangor 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty-llwyd OS 1 834, Ty Llwydd 1 843TMS, Ty-11\Vyd OS 1 891 See Maesbangor (70-a). Ty-llwyd Cottage -(SN 665-802)[tn. Ty-llwyd (70-a) + E. cottage] ; Ty-11\Vyd Cottage OS 1 89 1 Tynbedw -(SN 679- 8 1 4)[tyddyn + y + bedw] ; [tm'bedu M . Williams] o'r Ty'n y Bedw 1 757 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p .925, Tynybedw 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n-y­ bedw OS1 834, Tynybedw 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-bedw OS 1 891 Tyncwm -(SN 667-794) [tyddyn + y + cwm]; [hg'kum E. Griffiths] Tynycwm, Tyynycwm 1 84 l cens. , (c) Cae Tynycwm (prox. ) 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-cwm Cottage OS 1 891 , Ty'n-y-cwn Cottage (sic) 0Sc. l 950 Ty-newydd -(SN 659-803)[tY + newydd]; Tynewydd 1 843 TMS Tynffordd -(SN 667-804) [tyddyn + y + :ffordd]; [tan'f:lr�, tm'f:lr� P. Davies] Ty'n y Fford 1 803map J. Singer, Tynfordd, Tyny:ffordd 1 84 lcens. , Ty'n-y-:ffordd OS 1 89 1 Tynfron -(SN 657-804)(tyddyn + y + bron] ; Tyn y Fron 1 778 Gwynfryn MSS, Tynyfron 1 8 1 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynfron 1 84 1 cens. , Tyn-y-fron 1 843 TMS Tyn-y-graig -(SN 702-8 1 6)[tyddyn + y + craig] ; Ty'n y Graig 1 733PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n y Graig 1 747map L.Morris, Tyddyn y Graig 1 747 L.Morris p.26, Tynygraig 1 777PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tyn y Graig OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-graig OS 1 89 1 C f Tyngraig (62-a). Tynllidiard -(SN 655-802)[tyddyn + y + llidiard]; [tm'hdjart E. Griffiths] Ty'n Llydiard 1 768PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynllwydiarth 1 770 in 1 986 Tincer n. 91 , Ty'n Llidiad 1 769PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tynllidiart, Tynyllidiart 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyrulidiart 1 798PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tinllidiart 1 799PR Llanbadam-fawr, Ty'n y Llidiart 1 803rnap J. Singer, Tyn Llidiart OS 1 834, Tynllydiart 1 834rnap W.Morgan, Tyllidiard, Tynllidiard 1 84 1 cens. , Three Horse Shoes 1 880s in 1 987 Tincer n 97, Ty'n-llidiart (P.H.) OS 1 891 Tynpwll -(SN 675-8 1 8)[tyddyn + y + pwll]; [tm'pul P. Davies] Ty'n Pwll 1 734PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n y Pwll 1 747 L.Morris p. 52, Tynypwll 1 760CF, Tynpwll 1 825PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n-y-pwll OS 1 89 1 Tyn-y-rhos -(SN 703-807)[tyddyn + y + rhos] ; Tyn y Rhos 1 8 1 2> in 1 790sur map, Tyn-y-rhos 1 834rnap W.Morgan, Ty-yr-hos 1 843TMS Ty-ucha -(SN 746-830)[ty + uchaf] ; [ti· '�xa E. Howells] inf Wenffrwd -(SN 729-839)[y + gwen + ffrwd]; [wenfrud E. Howells, wemfrud J. J. Morgan, M. Morgan, a 'wemfrud E. Humphreys] Ty Ymlaen Gwenffrwd 1 594 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.4 1 , Wenford 1 720PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwenffrwd 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Lluest Gwen Ffrwd 1 747map L.Morris, Lluest Gwenffrwd 1 747 L.Morris p. 5 1 , Wenffrwd ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Wenffrwd uchaf + issaf 'two cottages situated on its sides' 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 42, Gwern y Ffrydd (sic) OOS 1 834, Gwenffrwd-uchaf OS 1 834, Wenffrwd 1 84 1 cens. , Gwenffrwd 1 843TMS, Gwenffrwd-uchaf OS 1 891 Ysgol Capel Bangor -(SN 656-801 )[ysgol + tn. Capel Bangor (70-a)] ; School OS 1 89 1 , Sun. Sch. OS 1 904, Bangor School 1 983 CER vol. 9 p.329, Ysgol Eglwysig Bangor 1 984 Tincer n. 74 b. 1 854 [1 984 Tincer: 74] , and appears to have ceased as a school bet. l 89 1 -1 904 [OS1 891; OS1 904], having been replaced by Ysgol Penllwyn (70-a); Capel Bangor is an alias of Penllwyn (70-a). 1 03 9

(70) PERFEDD Ysgol Goginan

-(SN 6 86-91 0)(ysgol + tn. Goginan (70-a)] ;

[Isk:>l,go'gi·nan M.

Morgan]

School OS 1 904, Goginan C. 1 945 WLS, Goginan C.P. 1 967 WLS Opened 1 865 as a British School, in 1 872 it passed to Local Education Board

[1 985 Tincer: 77];

closed

1 970 [inf. ] .

Ysgol Penllwyn - (SN (i)652-803) [ysgol + tn.

Penllwyn

(70-a)] ;

Ysgol Penllwyn 1 878 in 1 93 5 D.Evans p. 1 62, S chool OS 1 89 1 , School OS 1 904, Penllwyn C.P. 1 967 WLS, Sch O S 1 982, Ysgol Pen-llwyn 1 984 Tincer n. 74 i) SN 652-803. b. 1 8 54 Ysgol

ii)

[ 1 985 Tincer: 75] ;

1 904. 'ysgoldy mewn cysylltiad a'r capel, nawr dan ofal y Bwrdd

[1 881 J. E. Jones: 3) .

SN 652-804. 1 982. This site is situated in Parsel-canol.

geonyms Allt-y-felin

-(SN 676- 8 1 3 ) [allt + y + melin];

[aH�'velm

E. Griffiths]

Coed Gwar-felin OS 1 89 1 Refers t o Melin

Alltgoch

Cencoed (70-a). [aH'go:x E.

-(SN 672-8 1 4)(allt + coch];

Griffiths]

Alit GOch O S 1 89 1 , Alit Goch 0Sc. l 950 Bane Blaendyffryn -(SN 696-806) [banc + tn. B laendyffryn (70-a)] ; Dan y Scwylfa, Y Bank 1 790sur map, Bane Blaendyffiyn OS 1 982

Banc-y-casteii -(SN 693 -8 1 8)(Troedrhiwcastell)[banc + y + castell] ; (c) Commons Ochrau Castell 1 747map L.Morris (prox.), Old

Fort, Ochrau Castell, Commons 1 747sur

map L. Morris p.45 , Dinas 1 747map L.Morris, Bank y Castell 1 800¥z Nanteos fpls. , Bane y Castell, Castell (Camp) (remains of) OS 1 8 9 1 , Caer Troedrhiwcastell 1 909 CAST vol l p. 66 This was "a common appurtenant"

Blaenpeithnant -(SN 785-843) [blaen + hn.

[>1 774map Moelfferm] ;

cf

Castell (70-a), Troedrhiwcastell (70-a).

Peithnant];

Blaen Harthnant 1 800Y2 Nanteos fpls. , Blaen Peithnant O S 1 891

Brynbugaii -(SN 720-8 1 0)[bryn + y + bugail] ; Bryn y Bugail 1 790sur map, Bryn Bugail OS 1 89 1

Brynllwyd

-(SN 763 -840) [bryn + llwyd] ;

Bryn Llwyd 1 747map L.Morris,

[ox:>r,isa,he·n'hav:>d (N side) E . Howells] (c536) Rhiw Ysputty 'sheepwalk' (N side) 1 843TMS,

Bryn Ll\Vyd OS 1 89 1

Brynrhudd - ( S N 727-835)[bryn + rhudd] ; Bryn Rhydd 1 790sur map, Brynilydd 1 843TMS Parsel-canol

Buwch-a-llo

-(SN 723 -833) [buwch + a + yr + llo] ;

[biWxa·'io:

J. J. Morgan, E. James]

Maen Tarw 1 747map L. Morris, Maen Tarw 1 790sur map, Buwch a'r Llo O S 1 89 1 , Fuwch a'r Llo 1 966 C.Fychan p.253, Buwch a'r Llo, standing stone OS 1 982 A large stone on the side of the road, opposite a smaller stone [inf E.

James] ;

foot, and four foot by one foot respectively

like a cow and calf from about a mile

off (inf.

J. J. Morgan];

[ 1 972 CER: 7.43] ;

looked

"Dywedir y byddid yn rhwymo bustych wrth faen

pastynu, a bod hyn yn tyneru'r cig. "

Bwlch Nantrarian

-(SN

[ 1 966 c. Fychan: 253] . 7 1 7-8 1 2)[bwlch + tn. Nantrarian (70-a)] ;

they measured six foot by one

Fuwch a'r Llo

ers talwm i'w

Bwlch Nant-yr-arian 1 834map W.Morgan, Bwlch Nant-yr-arian OS 1 89 1 , trwy'r Bwlch 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 1 3 5

Castell -(SN 705-8 1 O)(Cwmbrwyno) [castell] ; Lanboeth Fort 1 747map L. Morris, Castell 1 834map W.Morgan, Castell c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Castell (Camp) (remains of) OS 1 89 1

Cefn Cwmbrwyno -(SN 7 1 0- 808)[cefn + tn.

Cwmbrwyno

(70-a)] ;

Cefen Cwm Brwyno 1 790sur map, Cefn Brwyno OS 1 834, Cefn Cwm-brwyno OS 1 89 1

Clap-yr-helfa -(SN 75 8-865)(clap + yr + helfa]; [hrelva, klapa'hrelva E .

Howells]

Yr Helfa 1 747rnap L.Morris, Yr Helfa 1 795rnap D .Davies, Wilfa Las OOS 1 834, Yr Helfa Las O S 1 89 1 , Yr Helfa Las O S 1 982 The seeming later addition of abandoned

Yr He/fa-las (72-a)

glas

in the nineteenth century may have been motivated by the then

in the same vicinity, see

Coed Pant-y-glog -(SN 703 - 8 1 1 ) [coed + tn.

Pant-y-glog];

1040

Yr He/fa (70-a).

(70) PERFEDD Coed Pant-y-glog OS 1 904 Coedtalwm -(SN 697-8 1 5)[coed + tn Talwrn]; [ Ccs) talurn M. Williams] (c) Cae Dan y Talwrn, Cae Rhwng y Talwrn 1 790sur map, Coed Talwrn OS 1 904 Craig-y-wledd -(SN 784-862)[craig + y + gwledd]; [krajg a'wle:() E. Howells] in£ Creigau-dyrys -(SN 707-81 0)[creigiau + dyrys] ; [krejge'dans E. & E. Hughes] Pen y Graig-ddu OS 1 891 , Creigiau Dyrus 1 924-26 CSRLS 56 Cwmdarren -(SN 756-846)[cwm + y + tarren]; [kum'daren, (c) peuka'daren (adj.) E. Howells] in£ Cwmgeifr -(SN 793-809)[cwm + y + geifr]; Abertrinant (prox.) 1 747map L.Morris, Cwm y Geu:fir 1 790sur map, Cwm Geifr 1 843TMS Cwmgraig -(SN 71 6-825)[ cwm + y + craig] ; [kum'grajg E. Howells J Cwm y Graig 1 834map W.Morgan Ddisgwylfa-fach -(SN 736-83 8)[y + disgwylfa + bach] ; [skulva'va::x; E. Humphreys] Y Ddysgwylfa fach c. 1 757 L.Morris p. 1 26, Y Ddisgwylfa vach 1 747map L.Morris, Ysgwylfa fach, Ysgylfa fach 1 790sur map, Y Sgwylfa fach OS 1 834, Ysgylfa fach 1 843TMS, Disgwylfa filch OS 1 89 1 Ddisgwylfa-fawr -(SN 737-847)[y + disgwylfa + mawr]; [skulva'vawr E. Humphreys] Ddisgwylfa fawr 1 747 L.Morris p.5 1 , Y Ddysgwylfa fawr c. 1 757 L.Morris p. 1 26, 'Sgwylfa OOS 1 834, Y Sgwylfa fawr OS1 834, Ysgwilfa 1 843TMS, Disgwylfa fawr OS 1 891 Dinas -(SN 742-833)[dinas]; Dinas 1 747map L.Morris, Dinas fawr 1 790sur map, Dinas OOS 1 834, Dinas (Camp) (remains of) OS 1 89 1 Domen -(SN c.688-8 1 6) [y + tomen]; a Chastell Nant yr Aryant ? s.a. 1 21 6( 1 3 00%) BT(RBH TJ) p.206, a Chastell Nant yr Arian ? s.a. 121 6(c. 1 475) BS p.214, Tump 1 747map L.Morris, A Barrow 1 747sur map L.Morris p.45, Tomen >1 765 L.Morris in 1 791 Gent.Magazine vol. 6 1 p. l 1 6 It is wholly unlikely that the feminine noun tomen was applied to this place without the defmite article. This could very possibly be the site of the thirteenth-century Castell Nantrarian of the Welsh Bruts. An illustration shows trees upon it ( 1 747sur map L. Morris: 45 ] ; the site undubitably lies beneath the detritus of Gwaith Goginan (70-b), an 1 846 print [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 79 ] shows the spoil heaps, but apparently not the tump/barrow; see Capel (70-a). Another candidate for the twelfth-century Castell Nantrarian has been the nearby hillfort of Castell (70-b), 500m to the ENE; cf. Castell-bach (49-a). Drawseii -(SN 787-86 1 ) [y + traws + -ell]; [drawscl E. Howells, keven'drawsel A Thomas] Cefn Drawsell 1 795map D.Davies, Pen y Draws-llest OS 1 89 1 , Pen y Draws Alit OS1904 Drybedd -(SN 771 -833)[y + trybedd]; Carn Hirnant 1 795map D.Davies, Cernydd Hirnant OS 1 834, Drybedd OS 1 89 1 Dyllfaen -(SN 777-845)[y + twll ? + maen]; [d�van A Thomas, E . Howells] Dyll Faen OS 1 89 1 C f Craig-y-dyllfaen (SN 772-885, Machynlleth, Monts.), d�van [inf. E . Howells], d:llva [inf E . Humphreys], Twll­ jaen, Rhos y Twll Faen (prox.) [ 1 790sur map], 'rock in three parts' [inf. E. Howells], twenty-ton rock [inf. E. Humphreys] ; Carreg-y-tyllfaen als. Cefn Rocks (SJ 01-72, Cefumeiriadog, Denbs.), Kereg Thetylluaine 1 53 9, Carreg y Twllfaen 1 666, Karreg y Tylhvaen c. 1 700, was explained by J. Leland ( 1 53 9) as "the rok with hole stones, wher a great cave is having divers romes in it hewid out of the mayne rok" [ 1 9 1 4 J. Fisher: 237]. The meaning of twll is adjectival 'holed' rather than the noun 'hole' in such a construction, but the initial is problematic as maen is masculine, so that * Tyllfaen would be expected (as is written in 1 790 in the case of the Montgomeryshire name), but the appearance of initial in both names is unexplained, could it be because the qualifying element was dryl/ 'shattered', rather than twll? If so it would not change the sense of these place-names terribly. Another place that appears to share the same name is Pont Hyllfan p:lnt'h�van (Cwmteuddwr, Rads.) ( 1980 I. Dafydd: 28] . Esgairfer -(SN 728-829)[esgair + her]; Esgir Fer 1 790sur map Cf Esgairjjw (34-b). Esgairfraith -(SN 741 -843)[esgair + braith]; [esker'vraje E. Howells] Esgir Fraith 1 790sur map, (c616) 'pt. o£ Ysgar Fraith 1 843TMS Parsel-canol Esgairgorlan -(SN 724-827)[esgair + y + corlan]; 1041

(70) PERFEDD Bank-y-geifes 1 834map W.Morgan, Esgair Gorlan OS 1 89 1 Esgair Nantrarian -(SN 709- 8 1 6) [ esgair + tn. Nantrarian]; Esgir Nant yr Arian, Llechwedd Cwm y Graig {N side) 1 790sur map, Esgair Nant-yr-arian OS 1 891 Esgair Nant-y-moch -(SN 73 8-827) [esgair + hn. Nant-y-moch] ; Esgir Nantymoch 1 790sur map, Esgair Nant-y-moch OS1 891 Ffynnonceule -(SN 724-804)[ffynno n + y + ceule ? ] ; Ffynnon Ceile c. 1 850map Nantrarian The second element seems to stand for ceule (cf Penrhiwcoule, 14-a), but it may be worth considering ceuled 'curd, rennet, coagulation, jelly' with a loss of final is a faint possibility. Gamedd -(SN 753-840)[y + camedd]; Carnedd OS 1 89 1 , Y Garnedd OS 1 904 Garregslic -(SN 7 1 8-835) [y + carreg + slic]; Careg Slic OS 1 89 1 Gorsgoch -(SN 72 1 - 832) [y + cors + coch] ; Gors Goch 1 834map W.Morgan Gwaunllynnau -(SN 779-833)[gwaun + y + llynnau}; [wajn'ime A Thomas] Gwaun y Llynnau 'ruins' 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Gwaun y Llynnau 1 747map L.Morris, Gwaun y Llynau, Fagwr Wain y Llynau 1 827 Nanteos fpl.275, Fagwrwaunyllynau 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. In Parse! Cwmrheidol [ 1 747 L. Morris: 1 7] ; two 'pools' shown ( 1 827 Nanteos fP1.275] . Llechwedd-du -(SN 707-804)[llechwedd + du]; [4ezwe(5'di: M. Williams] Gallt Cwmbrwyno, Allt Cwmbrwyno 1 790sur map, Llechwedd Du 1 834map W.Morgan Llechweddgwinau -(SN 721 - 826)[llechwedd + gwinau]; Llechwedd Gwineu 1 790sur map, Llechwedd Gwineu OS 1 834, Llechwedd Gwineu OS 1 891 Llechweddmelyn -(SN 756-833)[llechwedd + melyn] ; Llechwedd Melin 1 807 Nanteos fpl. 338 Llidiard Brwyno -(SN 7 1 7-806)[llidiard + hn. Brwyno]; Llidiart Brwyno als. Llidiart y Mynydd 1 747map L.Morris, Llydiart-Brwyno 1 834map W.Morgan In 1 834map between Minffordd and Pwll-y-bitffald; this is where the cornmonland began [ 1 988 J. H. Griffiths: 1 ]. Ochr-fawr -(SN 766-858)[ochr + mawr] ; [o·x=>r'vawr E. Howells] Ochor fawr 'sheepwalk' 1 843 TMS , Henhafod (sic) OS 1 89 1 Paden Nantmoch -(SN 783-856)[padell + hn. Nantrnoch] ; [badrl,nant�'mo:z J . J . Morgan, padcl,nant�'mo:x E. Howells] inf Pencasteii -(SN 709- 8 16)[pen + y + castell]; [kastcl M. Williams] Pen y Castell (sic loc.) 1 747map L.Morris, Pen Castell 1 790sur map, Caer Nant yr Arian ? 1 927 MH. Jones p.40, Fort OS 1 982 While this site has been identified as the twelfth-century Castell Nantrarian of the Welsh Bruts, that may have been situated at nearby Domen (70-b ). Pencripiau -(SN 746-843)[pen + y + cripiau]; [pen'knpje E. Howells] inf Pendarren -(SN 7 1 9-82 1 ) [pen + y + tarren] ; Pen y Daran 1 790sur map, Pen Darren OS 1 89 1 Pengoedlath -(SN 693-822)[pen + y + coedlath] ; [peiJ'g;,jdlae H . Lewis, pen'k;,jdlae E. Griffiths, g ;,jdla8 E . Howells, E. & E. Hughes, �·g�jdlae M . Williams, peiJ'gi·ait E. Griffiths, peiJ'gialt H . Lewis] Goedlaeth 1 747map L.Morris, Pen y Goedlath 1 803map J. Singer, Bane Coed-laith OS 1 89 1 , Bane Coed­ laith OS 1 904, Bane Coed-iaith (sic) 0Sc. 1 950, Bane Coed-iaith (sic) OS 1 982 The term coedlath is given as masculine by GPC [ s.v. coedlath], but here it is unambiguously feminine. It is difficult to determine whether coedlath here is 'stake, pole' or the derivative meaning 'brushwood'. This was the name of the road between Goginan (70-a) and Bwlch (72-a) [inf. H. Lewis] ; see Geuallt (70-a), Gochelgwympo (72-a) . Penlan-fawr -(SN 7 1 6-800)[pen + y + glan + mawr]; Pen y Lan fawr 1 747map L.Morris, Penlan-fawr, Pen-bryn-rnynych (prox. ) 1 834map W.Morgan, Pen Lan fawr c. 1 850map Nantrarian 1 042

(70) PERFEDD Penmoelbren -(SN 687-823)[pen + ? ] ; Moelfre 1 747map L.Morris, 'a large earn called by some old men I met o n the spot' Cam Penmorbren, 'by others' Carn-Penmoelfren 1 866 J. G.Williams p. 8, Cae'r Moelbren, Garn Moelfre als. Moelfryn 1 925 WGaz. 25/06/25 The forms and realisation of this name ( cf Moelbren, 6 9 a) suggest an otherwise unattested compound *moelbren 'bald (wooden) post', though perhaps the term moelben 'good measure' [GPC s.v. molben] should not be discounted. R . J. Thomas wondered if morben in the line Y morben du i'm herbyn in the poem 'Cywydd y Ser' - anonymous, but attributed to Dafydd ab Gwilym [inf. D. J. Bowen] - [tl. l 365] was connected with this place-name [1 984 D. J. Bowen: 1 64 ] ; though the meaning of morben 'promontory, headland etc.' does seem to require a seaside location, e. g. Morben (Machynlleth, Monts.). Pon Rhydlydan -(SN 722-8 1 4) [pon + tn. Rhydlydan (70-a)]; [p:m,hrid'l�dan E. Howells, �Jm'aza M Morgan] Cors Llywerneg 1 790sur map, Turf Bog 1 843TMS, Pond Llewernog (reservoir) OS 1 89 1 , Pond Llywernog (reservoir) OS1 904, The Llywernog Pond 1 965 CER vol. 5 p. l 1 6 Pont-newydd -(SN 663- 802)[pont + newydd] ; Pont newydd als. Pont Felin-fiich OS 1 891 Pont Ysgubor-newydd -(SN 687-8 1 5)[pont + tn Ysgubor-newydd]; [b:lnt,skib:lr'newil5 E. Griffiths] Pont Ysgubor-newydd O S 1 982 Rhiwfelen -(SN 7 1 4- S l l ) [rhiw + melen] ; Rhiw Felen 1 790sur map Rhiwhir -(SN 7 1 0-805)[rhiw + hir]; Magwyr Pen Rhiw Hir 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Rhiw Hir 1 790sur map Rhos-fawr -(SN 725-822) [rhos + mawr] ; Rhos fawr 1 790sur map Rhos-y-grug -(SN 742-83 8) [rhos + y + grug] ; Rhos y Gwrig als. Rhos y Gryg 1 790sur map Rhyd-yr-hogfaen -(SN 71 8-832) [rhyd + yr + hogfaen] ; Rhyd yr Hogfaen 1 834map W.Morgan Rhydmelindwr -(SN 71 5-834)[rhyd + hn. Melindwr] ; Rhyd Melindwr l 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog Sein -(SN 783-85 1 ) [E. sign] ; [sejn E. Howells] inf A sign and three walls meet on the ridge at this site [ inf E. Howells]. Trum Peithnant -(SN 775-8 5 l )[trum + hn. Peithnant]; [drim'pej8nant, g arn'vawr (adj.), garn'va:z (adj.) E. Howells] Trum Paethnant 1 747 L.Morris p. 47, Drympaithnant l 795map D.Davies, Bryn Peithnant (sic) OOS 1 834, Trum Peithnant OS 1 834, Drim Peithnant, Trumperthnant c. l 850map Perfedd, Y Gam OS 1 89 1 , Drum Peithnant OS 1 904, Bryn Peuthnant 1 924-26 CSRLS 56 Wennallt -(SN 669-656)[y + gwen + alit]; (cl 75) Wenallt 1 843TMS, Coed Troedrhiwlwba O S 1 904 -

1 043

(7 1 ) PERFEDD CWMRBEIDOL Aberceiro -(SN 752-822)[aber + hn. Ceiro]; [aber'kejro Gw. Lewis, J. J. Morgan] Y Tuy yn Aber Kyro 1 62 1 /22 Maes-newydd MSS , Aberkeiro 1 68 1 W.J.Hemp MSS p.4, Aberceiro 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Ceiro bach 1 747map L.Morris, Aberkeiro 1 760CF, Aberceiro 1 785PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Abercero OOS1 834, Aber-ceiro OS 1 834, Abercairo 1 843TMS, Aber-cairo OS1 89 1 , Aber-ceiro O S 1 904 Aberddeunant -(SN 724-782)[aber + y + dau + nant] ; Aber-ddwynant OS 1 89 1 , Aberddaunant OS1 904, Aberddwynant 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 Awelfryn -(SN 744-807)[awel + bryn]; Awel-:fryn OS 1 982 Bethei -(SN 721 -782)[Bibl.tn. Bethel]; Meth. Chap. (Wesleyan) OS 1 89 1 , neu Fethel 1 975 T.Gri:ffiths p. 1 5 , dyna Gapel Bethel 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 57, Cwmrheidol (Bethel) 1 980 E.Edwards p. 70, Chap OS 1 982, Bethel 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.46 b. 1 872 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 70]; denom. WM. Beudy-melyn -(SN 794-830)[beudy + melynt [bi·di'melm P. Owen] in£ Blaencaeau -(SN 662-789)[blaen + y + caeau] ; Blaenycaeau 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Blaen-caeau OS 1 89 1 Blaencwmceulan -(SN 675-797)[blaen + cwm + hn. Ceulan] ; Tythyn Blaen Ceylan 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MSS, Blaen Kilan 1 7 1 9PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Blaen Cilan 1 747 L.Morris p. 50, Blaen Cilen 1 747map L.Morris, Blaen Caulan 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tythinblaenceulan 1 799 Abertrinant MSS, Blaen-cwm-ceulan OS 1 89 1 The name Ceulan is not otherwise noted independently a s the name o f the tributary o f the river Rheidol that descends from here (cf (cl61) Pantygeulan (SN 675-800) [ 1 8431MS]); cf Cwmceulan (71 a); hn. Ceulan (d). Blaendd oi -(SN 706-793)[blaen + y + dol]; Blaen-y-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Blaenddol OS 1 982 Blaenllawemeg -(SN 728-8 l l ) [blaen + hn. Llawerneg] ; [blajn,b'warneg M. Morgan] Blaenllawerneg 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Blaen Llywernog 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Llewyrnog OS 1 834, Blaen-Llywernog 1 834map W.Morgan, Blaen Wernog, Blaenllywarneg 1 843TMS, Blaen-llewernog OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-llywernog O S 1 904, Blaenllywarneg 1 988 J.H. Griffrths p.47 In Melindwr [ 1 747 L. Morris: 1 7] ; cf Blaenllawemeg (70-b). Blaenpentre -(SN 75 1 -8 1 2)[blaen + y + pentref] ; [blajn'pentre J. B. Howells] in£ Blaenstrft -(SN 722-809) [blaen + y + stryt] ; [blajn'stri:t E. Howells, M. Morgan] Llywernog fach 1 803map J. Singer, Llewyrnog uchaf OS 1 834, Braich Llewyrnog ? c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Blaen-street OS 1 89 1 , (pn ) Dan Blaenstryd 1 975 T.Griffiths p. 4 1 , Blaenstryd 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p. 5 1 In ruins [OS 1 904]; stryt refers to a terrace [inf. E. Howells ] . Bog -(SN 73 8-8 1 5) [E. Bog] ; [b::.g E. Howells, ;l'b::.g M Morgan] Bog Mine 1 834map W.Morgan, Bog Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 33 , Cardigan Old Bog 1 874 in 1 974 D.E.Bick p. 1 5, Craignant-bach Mine (lead) OS1 89 1 , Craignant-bach Mine (disused) OS 1 904, The Bog Mine 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 89, Bog als. Craignant bach 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 87, Gwaith y Bog 1 943 F . G.Payne p. 1 1 1 Brynamlwg -(SN 73 1 -800)[bryn + amlwg] ; [brm'amlug M. Morgan] Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 Brynawel -(SN 728-795)[bryn + awel] ; Brynawel (sign) Brynbras-isa -(SN 746-801 ) [bryn + bras]; [brrm'bra:s Gw. Lewis] Brynn Bras 1 730PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bryn Bras 1 732PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bryn Brace 1 747 L.Morris p.3 1 , Bryn Bras isaf 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Brynbras 1 747map L.Morris, Brynbras issa 1 8 1 8sur map, Brynbras 1 843TMS, Bryn-bras OS 1 89 1 , (c) i Ros Bryn-bras 1 957 Eurgrawn p.298 Brynbras-ucha -(SN 744-801 )[bryn + bras (+ uchaf)] ; Bryn Bras 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Brynbras ucha 1 8 1 8sur map, Brynbras ucha cott. 1 843TMS Bryngarw -(SN 734-788)(bryn + garw]; -

1 044

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Bryn-grw O S 1 8 9 1 , Bryn-garw O S 1 904

Brynglas -(SN 760-8 1 7) [bryn + glas] ; [brm'gla:s

Gw. Lewis,

brnJ'gla:s

J. J. Morgan]

Lluest y Bryn Glas 1 747sur map L.Morris p.25, Bryn Glas 1 747 L. Morris p. 1 7, Brynglas 1 747map L.Morris, Bryn Glas OOS 1 834, Bryn Glas OS 1 8 34, Bryn-glas O S 1 8 9 1 Its name derives from the hill which has green pasture a s high a s 440m, which is much higher than for most hills in the vicinity.

Brynglas-bach

-(SN 754- 8 1 6)[bryn + glas (+ bach)] ;

Brynglas bach 1 802PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Bryn Glas bach OOS 1 8 34, Bryn-glas-bach OS 1 834, Bryn-glas­ bach OS 1 89 1 In ruins [ OS1904 ] .

Brynheulog -(SN 729-798)[bryn + heulog] ; [brm'hejbg M.

Morgan]

Bryn-heulog O S 1 89 1

Brynhwith

-(SN 752-800) [bryn + chwith] ;

[brm'hwi:e E .

Howells]

'cottage or summerhouse' Lliest y Bryn Wheeth + Tythyn y Bryn Wheeth 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Brynychwith 1 806 Cymerau M S S , Bryn Whith 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Bryncwyth 1 8 1 8 sur map, Brin Whith

1 8 1 8sur map,

Bryn-chwyth

1 827PR Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn,

(c)

Ca

Bryn-chwith OS 1 834,

Brynchwyth 1 843TMS, Bryn-chwith O S 1 89 1

Brynllwyd

-(SN 728-790) (bryn + llwyd] ;

Bryn Llwyd 1 747map L. Morris, Bryn-11-\Vyd O S 1 89 1

Bwa-drain

-(SN 7 1 4-797)[bwa + drain] ;

[bua'drajn M.

Morgan,

bwo'drajn M.

Morgan]

Tythen-Bwlch-Drain 1 582/83 Gog . OS p. 69, Bwa Drain 1 602 Maes-newydd MS S, Bro Drain 1 640 CD p.47, Bwa Drain 1 73 2PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bwadrain 1 760CF, Drainbwa 1 776 Maes-newydd MS S, Bwa'r Drain 1 790PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Bwa-drain O S 1 89 1 Cf Bwa-drain (SH 99-12, Monts.) [ 1 985 G . G . Evans: 85] . Bwlchbrynar -(SN 733-785) [bwlch + y + braenar] ; Bwlch y Brynar 1 747map L.Morris, Bwllch-y-brynar, Bwlchbrynar ho. 1 843TMS, Bwlch-y-pynawr (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Bwlch-y-brynar OS 1 904, Bwlchbryner 1 98 8 J.H.Griffrths p. 1 4

Bwlchgwair -(SN 756-806)[bwlch + y + gwair] ; Pen Rhiw Goch 1 803 map J. Singer, Bwlch-gwair O S 1 89 1

Bwlchgwyn

-(SN 74 1 -789) [bwlch + gwyn] ;

Bwlch Gwyn 1 745 L.Morris in 1 947 H. Owen vol.2 p. 1 3 7, Bwlch Gwynn, Bwlch Gwynne 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 30, Bwlch Gwyn 1 756 L.Morris £ 3 9, Bwlch Gwyn Mine 1 762 Powys Castle MS 3 ,250, Bwlch Gwyn Lead Mine 1 747map L.Morris, Bwlch Gwynn Mine 1 7002/2 Nanteos fpl.307, Bwlchgwyn 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 07/04/1 0, Bwlch Gwynne 1 8 1 8 sur map, Bwlch-gwynne Mine Works 1 8 1 8sur map, Aberystwith Mines, 'which include' Bryngwyn and Penrhiw Mines 1 874 A.Francis p. 63, Aberystwyth Mines (coll. ) 1 922 O . T.Jones p. 96, Bwlchygwyn O S 1 974 Geol. map, Llwynteify 1 985 R Burt

et a!.

p.65,

Gwaith Mwyn . . . Bwlchgwyn 1 98 8 J. H. Griffitbs p. l , Bwlchgwyn 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 27, Old Bwlch

& P.W.Davies p. 77 ( 1 994 D. E. Bick & P . W. Davies: 10] ; "Mr. Powell got from the Crown. " [ 1 756 L. Morris: 39] ; the lead-mining activity tended to move w to Pen-y-berth (71-a) and Gwaith Penrhiw (71 -a) [1 994 D. E . Bick & P. W. Davies: 72] ; "In the nineteenth century the Bwlch-gwyn of Lewis Morris became known as Llwyn Tern, the name Bwlch-gwyn being reserved for a mine that comprised most, if not all of the old Pen-y­ berth." [ 1994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 73 ] . Bwlchsafn -(SN 68 1 -798) [bwlch + y + safn] ; Gwyn als. Llwyn Teill 1 994 D.E.Bick

Discovered in 1 742

Gwar-allt OS 1 834, Gwarallt cott. , Bwlchsafan 1 84 3 TMS, Bwlch-safn OS 1 89 1

Caeau-bach

-(SN 696-799)[caeau + bach] ;

Caeau bach 1 8 1 0PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cauau bach 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadam-fawr, Caiaua bach 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Caeeu bach 1 8 1 7PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Caeau-bach O S 1 834, Caeau bach 1 83 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Caeau-bach OS 1 89 1

Cae-garw -(SN 724-8 1 0) [cae + garw] ; [ka· 'garu M

Morgan,

kaj'garu E .

Howells]

Cae Garu 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cae-garw OS 1 89 1 , Cae Garw 0Sc. 1 950

Cae-Gynon -(SN 7 1 7-783)[ cae + pn. Cynon] ; Tythyn y Kae Kynnon ? 1 62 1 Crosswood

MS S , Caegynon 1 747map L.Morris, Cae Cynon 1 78 9 in

1 790sur map, Cae Cynon 1 843TMS, Caegynnon 1 924-26 CSRLS 3

1 045

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Cae-haidd -(8N 709-792) [cae + haidd] ; Tythin y Kay Haithe 1 58 5 Cwrt-mawr MS 896, Y Tythyn ugha, kanol, issa yn y Kay Haith 1 606 Cwrt­ mawr M88, Tythyn kannol y Kae Haidd 1 61 5 Cwrt-mawr M88, Tythyn y Cae Haidd 1 666 Hendrefelen MS 8, Caehaio 1 794PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cae Rhyo ? 1 80 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Caerhydd ? 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cae Haidd 08 1 834, Caehaedd > 1 873 Cwmcynfelyn MS 8 p.5, Cae-haidd 08 1 89 1 Califfomia -(8N 742-807)[E.tn. California]; [ kal i 'f;Jrnja E. Howells] California Office 1 87 1 cens. , California Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 33, Ponterwyd Mine 1 967 NLWJ vol. 1 9 p.43 1 , 'known for a short time as' California of Wales 1 975 D.E. Bick p. 1 2, New Cambrian ? 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 1 7 "Aeth nifer o gymydogaeth Ystumtuen a Chwm Rheidol i Galiffornia [c. l 850s], rhai i wneyd eu ffortiwn ac ereill i farw. Ni wyddai mwyafrif trigolion y Cnwch p'run ai Ffestiniog ynte Califfornia oedd bellaf oddiwrthynt. " [ 1 902 Geninen: 20. 146] . Gwaith Llwynwnwch (61 -a) was also called Califfomia. Capel Cwmergyr -(8N 794-826)(capel + tn. Cwmergyr (71-a)] ; Methodist Chapel (Primitive) 08 1 89 1 , Cwmergyr c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 276, Capel Cwmergyr 1 9 1 9 Geninen vol. 37 p. 29 b. l 871 (1 987 Ddolen: 1 02]. Capel Ponterwyd -(8N 748-809)[capel + tn. Ponterwyd (71 -a)] ; Ponterwyd 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 543 , yn Nghapel Bonterwyd 1 876 W.Hughes p. 1 7, Meth. Chap. (Primitive) 08 1 89 1 , Ponterwyd c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 276, Capel Ponterwyd 1 971 Cardi vol. 8 p. 5 T.Griffiths p . 5 4 b. 1 797 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 72]; b.>1 800 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 543) ; b. 1 805 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 276) ; b. 1 82 1 [c.1 902 E . R . Horsfall-Turner: 276; 1 987 B . J . Rawlins: 72] . Cefnfuches(i) -(8N 777-8 1 0)(Nantmeirch)[cefn + y + fuches] ; [keven v�zes J. B. Howells] Byches Nantymeirch 1 842 Nanteos MS8 box 20, Fyches Nant y Meirch 1 843TM8, Cefu-fuches 081 891 Cf Fucheswen (71 -b). Cefnfuches(ii) -(8N 7 1 9-799)(Ffynnonwen)[cefn + y + fuches] ; [ keven v�zes A. Griffiths, k�ven v�zes M. Morgan] Cefn-fuches 08 1 89 1 Ceiro -(8N 757-822)[hn Ceiro] ; ((c) ke·ven'kejro (prox. ) J . J. Morgan] Tythin Keyro ycha 1 642 Cwrt-mawr M88, Ceiro 1 747 L.Morris p. l 7, Keiro 1 760CF, Ceiro fawr 1 747map L.Morris, Cero 008 1 834, Ceiro 081 834, Cairo 08 1 89 1 , Ceiro 081 904 Celli'reirin -(8N 703-799) (celli + yr + eirin] ; [ o·r'geli M. Morgan] Gelli'r Eirin 1 747 L.Morris p.49, Gelli'r Eirin 1 760CF, Gellu'r Eirin 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gellyreirin 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gelly Ceirn, Geillireirin 1 843TM8, Gelli 08 1 89 1 I have been told [inf. M . Morgan, M . Williams] that Llety-feinog (71-a), some 400m t o the w , was a noted place for collecting sloes (W. eirin), none of the informants knew the full name of Celli'reirin, which was known to them as Gelli. Creignant-bach -(8N 744-8 1 6) [craig + nant (+ bach)] ; Crug Nant bach 008 1 834, Craignant-bach 081 834, Creignant bach 1 834map W.Morgan, Craignant­ bach 08 1 89 1 Creignant-mawr -(8N 742- 8 1 9)[craig + nant (+ mawr)] ; [krig na nt J. B . Howells, kngnant M. Morgan] Creignant 1 747map L.Morris, Craignant 1 790sur map, Craignant 1 803map J. 8inger, Crug Nant mawr 008 1 834, Craignant-mawr 081 834, Creignant mawr 1 834map W.Morgan, Craignant 1 843TMS, Craignant-mawr 08 1 89 1 Cripiau-bach -(8N 773-8 1 2)[cripiau + bach]; [gwaj9,knpje'ba:z T . Griffiths, knpje, gwaj9'kripje P . Owen] West Esgair Lie Mine (lead) 08 1 89 1 , New Castell Mine (disused) 081 904, Castle Mine, 'or as it was called' Gwaith Cripie bach 1 95 8 WFM MS 1 506/4 p. 9, Gwaith Cripiau bach 1 966 J.MDavies pp. 52, 55, Castell als. West Esgairlle als. Dyffryn Castell als. New Castell 1 922 O . T.Jones p. 94, 'known locally as' Cripiau bach als. Gwaithdu 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 94, Cripie 1 924-26 C8RL8 56 Crown -(8N 75 8-799)[E.n. Crown] ; Crown Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 56, Crown Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Crown Mine (disused) 08 1 904, Gwaith y Crown 1 966 J.M.Davies p. 49, Cerrig Llwydion in£ Named because it was on Crown land ( 1 966 J. M. Davies: 49]; cf. Cwmcrown (55-b), Ogo-goron (5-b). Cwic -(8N 785-826) [E. quick] ; [kWik, now geli'�za E. Howells, kwik J. B. Howells, J. J. Morgan] '

'

1 046

'

(7 1) PERFEDD Gelly ucha 1 800Y2 Nanteos fpl.243, Gelli-uchaf OS 1 891 All this area (including the meadows of Dyffryncastell, 71 -a) and the abandoned settlements of Nantwiddon and Nantgraeanog (both described as old enclosure) were part of Gelli-lechog (71-a) land in the early nineteenth century [ 1 800Yz Nanteos tpl.243] ; Cwic was doubtlessly a tjJ-unnos, and thus became called quick [inf. J. B. Howells]. Cwmceulan -(SN 669-795)[cwm + hn. Ceulan]; [kumlki·lan E. Griffiths] Cwm Geulan 1 780PR Llanbadam-fawr, Cae Cilan cott. 1 843TMS, (c) Cae Cwm Caulan, Cae Cwm Cilan (prox.) 1 843TMS, Cwm-ceulan OS 1 89 1 Cf Blaencwmceulan (71-a). Cwmergyr -(SN 794-825)[cwm + hn. Ergyr] ; [kumlergir M. Griffiths, A Thomas] Cwm E�gir 1 736PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Esgyr isaf + Cwm Esgyr (al. loc.) 1 747map L.Morris, Cwmesgir 1 798PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Cwm Ergir 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Cwm Ergryn, Cwm Ergir OOS 1 82 1 , Cwm Ergyr OS 1 834, Cwmevgyr, Cwmergir 1 843TMS, Cwm Eskir 1 880 Att.Gen. vs. Bonsall (map), Cwm-ergyr OS 1 891 According to L. Morris [ 1747map] there were three holdings of Cwmergyr, the present site to a Hughes, a site to the N to a Phillips, and a site w of the river Castell to a Powell (the site of Esgairllu, 71 -a). Cwmpryf -(SN 697-796)[cwm + y + pryf]; Pompren Llwyd als. Ty Llwyd Mine 1 747 L. Morris p. 48, Ty Llwyd New Mine 1 747sur map L.Morris p.43, Ty Llwyd 1 756 L.Morris £ 3 9, (c21 8) Cae Cwm Pri 1 843TMS, Glamheidol ?? 1 866 in 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 1 39, Tyllwyd Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 78, 'revived as' Cwm Pryf 1 879-81 in 1 994 D.E.Bick & P.W.Davies p. 78, 'revived as' Cardigan United 1 886-88 in 1 994 D.E.Bick & P.W.Davies p. 78, Ty­ llWyd Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Cwmpryf 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 1 3 5 Lead vein discovered c. 1 742 [ 1747sur map L . Morris: 43) . The term plyf can mean 'game, small wild animals' [ 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 445], c£ Coed-y-pryf 'game wood' (Nantgarw, Glams.) [ 1 993 TN: 2.661], Coed-y-pryf (SH 88-29, Llanuwchllyn, Mers.). In Nantgarw pri:v 'game' is distinguished from pr�VId 'grubs, maggots' [ 1 993 1N: 2.661, 664]; a nineteenth-century Abergwesyn poet termed a mouse almost caught in a mouse-trap a pryjj;n [ 1 979a E. Jones: 1 2 1 ] . D d ol -(SN 73 5-775)[y + dol]; Ddol OS 1 89 1 I t may b e that the fuller name of this place was Dolgwiail a s it was given to m e a s a place neighbouring with Dolpelydr [inf. M. Williams] . Demi -(SN 743-786)[y + teml]; [demel Gw. Lewis] Deml O S 1 834, Dyml ho. 1 843TMS, Deml OS 1 891 G. E. Evans [ 1 903 : 1 80] reported a: " . . . circle of stones, on an adjacent hill, called the 'Temple', just above the disused 'Temple' Mine . . . ". However, the name Deml may possibly refer to, either, a monastic chapel of the nearby grange of Nantrarian (e), or, to the chapel of the Hospitallers at Ysbyty-Cynfyn (71-a) nearby; cf Cae-deml, sub Broncapel (33-a). D olbarlis -(SN 759-8 1 5)[dol + y + barlis]; [dollbarhs J. B. Howells] Dol Barlys 1 871 cens. Dolcamau -(SN 747-8 1 1 ) [dol + y + camau] ; Dolycamedd 1 852 Maes-newydd MSS, Dol-carnau OS 1 891 In 1 8 52 a miner lived here ( 1 852 Maes-newydd MSS ] . Dolcasteii -(SN 751 -81 0)[dol + hn. Castell]; (dollkastrl J . B . Howells] inf

Dol-fach -(SN c. 71 1 -787)[dol (+ bach)] ; Tythyn y Ddol vach 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS, Dol-fach 1 747map L.Morris

Dol-fawr -(SN 704-793)(dol (+ mawr)] ; [do·l 1vawr A. Griffiths] Dol vawr 1 747 L.Morris p.49, Y Ddol fawr 1 747map L.Morris, Dolefawr 1 766 Crosswood MSS, Dolfawr 1 774PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Doluaur 1 775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dolfawr 1 779PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Dol fawr 1 803map J. Singer, Ddolfawr 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dol-fawr OS1 834, Ddolfawr 1 843TMS Dolgamfa -(SN 746-789)[dol + y + camfa] ; Dol-y-ganfa OS 1 834, Dol-y-gamfa OS 1 89 1 , Dolgamfa OS 1 904 Dolgamlyn -(SN 677-79 1 )[dol + y + cam + llyn] ; 1 04 7

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Ddol y Gamlyn 1 692 Coleman MS 1 33, Dole y Gamlin 1 73 0 Cymerau MSS, Dol y Gamlyn 1 747map L.Morris, Dolgamlyn 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dolgamlin 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dole Gamlin 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dolegamblin, Dolgyganlyn 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gwar-allt-Dol-gamelin (prox.) 1 820PR Llanbadam-fawr, Dol-gamlyn OS 1 834, Ddolgamlyn 1 843TMS, Dol-gamlyn OS 1 89 1 , Dol-gamlin 0Sc. 1 950 Cf Gamlyn (63-a). Dolgoch -(SN 699-793)[dol + coch]; Dolgoch, Ddolgoch 1 843TMS, Ger-y-llyn OS 1 982 Dolpelydr -(SN 734-776)[dol + y + pelydr] ; [ma.T'�o:l A. Griffiths] Dol y Pelyd 1 747map L.Morris, Dol y Pelid 1 755 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Dol-pelid OS 1 834, Dolypelid 1 83 1 Cymerau MSS, Dol-peled OS1 89 1 , Dolpelydr 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 , Dolpelyd 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 9 From pelydr 'spears'? [c. 1 900 NLW MS 2491-B: 1 22] , it was certainly associated with pelydr by my informant (inf. M. Williams ] ; cf Do/be/ydr (SH 72-37, Trawstynydd, Mers.); Do/belidr (prox. Fzynnonfair, SJ 02-7 1 , Cefnmeiriadog, Denbs.) [1 91 4 J. Fisher: 237] . Dolwemog -(SN 734-807)[ dol + hn. Llawerneg ?]; [do·l'wern;:,g J. B. Howells, dol'wern;:,g M Morgan, ti'ho: p M Morgan] Dol-wernog OS 1 89 1 This seems almost certainly to be a reduction o f * Dol-Llawerneg ( cf Blaen Wernog 1 843 for Blaenllawerneg, 71-a) however, the meaning Dolwernog is appropriate enough for the site, and is independently found in (c) Y Ddole Wernogg (Meifod, Monts.) [1 703 Glansevem MSS] . The sn. Hope was that of an inhabitant [inf M. Morgan]. Dyffryncasteli -(SN 774-8 1 6) (dyffryn + hn. Castell] ; Lluesthir 'lying in' (c) Dyffryn Castell 1 78 1 Cymerau MSS, Cwm Ergir (sic loc.) 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Dyfryn Castell 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.300, (c) Dyffryn-castell OS1 834, Castell Dyffryn 1 862 G.Borrow p.423, Dyf:fryn-castell, Dyffryn-castell Hotel OS 1 89 1 The present house seems t o have been b. bet. 1 834-43 [OS1 834; 1 843TMS], though it was already a holding of land comprising 91 acres of meadowland adjoining the river Castell in 1 807 [1 807 Nanteos tpl.340]. Ebeneser -(SN 73 5 -785) [B ibl.tn. Ebenezer]; Ystumtien 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 543, Meth. Chap. (Wesleyan) OS 1 89 1 , Ystumtuen c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall­ Turner p.28 1 , Capel Ystumtuen 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p.50, yng Nghapel Ebeneser 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 50 b. 1 821 -23 ( 1 85 1Rel cens. : 543; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 281 ; 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/4: 6; 1 980 E. Edwards: 75] ; enl. 1 839-40 [1 85 1Rel cens.: 543; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 281 ; 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/4: 6; 1 980 E. Edwards: 75 ] ; enl. 1 859 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 281 ; 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/4: 6] ; denom WM. Efail-fach -(SN c. 720-791 )[ efail + bach] ; Yr Evel back 1 747map L.Morris, (c) Efel fach 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Efail fach 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p. 20 Eisteddfa-Gurig -(SN 797-840)(eisteddfa + tn. [Llan]gurig (Monts.)] ; [ste�va E. Howells] Aisteddfa Giric c. 1 530 Llanstephan MS 6 p. l 1 3, Eistegfa Giric 1 500% Buched Ciric p. 379, Llyest Steddva Girricke 1 7 1 9 R Evans MS S, Eisteddfa 1 720PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Eisteddfa Gurig 1 742 L.Morris in 1 947 H. Owen vol. l p. 1 09, Lluest Eisteddfa Gurig (al. loc.) 1 747map L.Morris, Steddfa 1 760CF, Lluesty Steddva Gerrick 1 78 1 Cymerau MSS, Steddfa Gerrig 1 789 Cymerau MSS, Steddfa Girig 1 799PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Eisteddfa Gurig 1 803map J. Singer, Stedfa Garrig 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Eistedfa Gurig OOS 1 821, Steddfa Gerrig OOS 1 834, Steddfa Gurig OS 1 834, Steddva Gurig, Steddfa Gerrig ho. + Plinlimmon Hotel 1 843TMS, Steddfa 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Eisteddfa 1 862 G.Borrow p.429, 'Steddfa 1 875 E.Hamer & W.P.Lloyd p. 1 5, Eisteddfa-Gurig OS 1 89 1 , 'Steddva c. l902 E.E.Horsfall-Tumer p. 53, Eisteddfa fawr 1 987 Ddolen n. 1 02 I have already discussed the possibility that the term eisteddfa can specifically refers to a border meeting­ place between differing medieval jurisdictions, see sub Eisteddfa (17-a). This is assuredly so in the case of this place was traditionally a site of cy4fod between Deheubarth and Pywys [ 1 966 J. B. Smith: 108] . Eisteddfa-Gurig is on the boundary of Ceredigion with the province of Arwystli. An 'old Welsh englyn' which noted the extreme boundaries of Pywys was quoted in the Cambrian Quarterly [1 83 1 : 3.403] : "0

Gevn yr Ais, dur-ais a drig/ 0 Gaer i Eisteddva Gurig/ 0 Gam Gynnull ar Gonwyl Hyd y Rhyd Helig ar Wy. " I fmd this explanation more convincing than L. Morris's [1 742 in 1 947 H. Owen: 1 . 1 09] 'Curig's seat or

resting place', though a 'resting-place' is quite understandable given consideration of Eisteddfa's location. local usage Llangurig (Monts.) is pronounced iag'gerig [inf.], Llangerrick [1 670 Maes-newydd MSS]; cf.

In

1 048

(7 1) PERFEDD Capelcurig (Caerns.) E:S'kapal'kjerig (Bangor dialect) [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 239]; Curig's name is associated by M. [ 1 965b: 32] with the root in the verb curo 'to strike'. The name seems to have been uniformly spelt Cirig in late Middle Welsh, e. g. Kiric [fl. 1485a L. Glyncothi: 1 98 ], G[wyl] Girigferthvr held on the fifteeenth of June [ 1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.] , which is explainable by the internal affection of by the following , but Cirig does not explain the later realisations as Cerig. Eithin-bach -(SN 738-782) [eithin + bach] ; Richards

Eithyn-bach OS 1 89 1 , Eithin-bach OS 1 904

Erw-barfau

-(SN 749-783)[ erw + yr + barfau];

Tythen Erw'r Barve 1 5 8 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Errowe yr Barve 1 590 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn Erw yr Barve 1 593 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tythyn Erwr Barve 1 625 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Erw'r Barfe 1 629 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Erw yr Barfe 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Erw Barfau 1 732PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Erw Barva 1 760 Coleman MS 1 47, Errw yr Barfe 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 3 9, Erwbarfau 1 804PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Erwrbarve 1 806PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Errw yr Barfe 1 8 1 8sur map, Erw Berfa OOS 1 82 1 , Erw-berfa O S 1 834, Erwbarfau 1 843TMS, Erw-berfa O S 1 89 1 , Erw-barfau O S 1 904, Erwbarfe Farm OS 1 982

[c. 1 1 00(c. l 350): 34-35], the Arthurian heroes Cai and Bedwyr Dillus Faifog's beard to make a leash stood on the summit of Pumlumon when they saw a great smoke to the southwards, where Dillus Faifog (MW. Dillus Uaruawc) was roasting a boar. Erw­ baifau is to the south of Pumlumon, and it has been identified by C. Fychan [ 1 988 R. Bromwich & D. s. Evans: lviii] as the spot where Dillus Faifog stood in the tale - Rhiwbaifau (SH 91 3-240, Llanuwchllyn, Mers.) also has

In the medieval tale of Culhwch ac Olwen were looking for

a legend of a bearded giant. Though there is nothing in the form of these names that goes against the interpretation

baifau

'beards', it is quite likely that such an interpretation inspired the tales, I suspect that

* byifau 'springs', c£ Bronbyifau (32-a), see my 'Gal. *boru- = C. *byrfau?'. llu] ; [esker'li: Gl. Lewis, E. Howells, gwajO,esker'H: A Thomas, P.

they may in fact contain a reanalysis of an obsolete term forthcoming Welsh-language article

Esgairllu

-(SN 791 - 827)[esgair + y +

Owen] Esgair Llee Mine Works 1 795map D. Davies, Great West Van 'until recently worked as the' Esgair Lle Mine 1 874 A Francis p. 27, Esgair Lle Mine (lead) O S 1 89 1 , Esgair Llu Mine (disused) O S 1 904, Esgyrllu 1 909 (John Rhys) in CAST vol. 1 p . 3 3 , Esgir Lli 1 9 1 9 Geninen vol. 3 7 p.29, Esgairlee, Great West Van 1 922 O . T . Jones p. 92, Esgyrn Lli 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 6

llu 'host, army' (thus interpreted i n Geninen [ 1 919: 37.29]) i s unclear, but may be Bwlch-y-llu (SH 74-38, Trawstynydd, Mers.); c£ Bwlchteulu (56-a). It became known as the Great West Van as a ploy to promote its sale in 1 873 [ 1 975 D. E. Bick: 8]. Esgairwynio -(SN 762-788) [esgair + pn. Gwynio] ; [esker'wmj:m Gl. Lewis, J. B. Howells] The signification of compared to

Esker Wonio 1 584 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Esker Wonyo 1 584 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Esker Wnio 1 590 Cwrt-mawr MS S , Tyddyn Esker Wnnio 1 622 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn Eskyrwnnio 1 64 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Esker Wynno 1 672 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Escair Wnio 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Yskir Wonion, Yskir 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 6, Yskeruynion 1 807 Nanteos fpls. , Esgairwynnion 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fYn, Yskir Wonion 1 8 1 8sur map, Esgair OOS 1 82 1 , Esgair-wynion O S 1 834, Esgirwynion 1 843TMS, Tynant (sic) 1 843TMS, Esgair-wynion OS 1 89 1 , Esgyrn Wynion 1 924-26 CSRLS 56 Note the reanalysis of Gwynio into the plural adjective

b). Fagwyr-fawr

-(SN 782- 8 1 7) [y + magwyr + mawr] ;

gwynion 'white' by

[vagur'vawr

Gl. Lewis,

1 764; c£

vagor J.

Bylchau-gwynion (71-

B. Howells,

�'vagurn

J. J.

Morgan] Dol y Fagwyr fawr O S 1 8 34, Fagwr 1 843 TMS, Fagwr-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Y Fagwyr 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 5 5

Felin-newydd

-(SN 692-794)[y + melin + newydd] ;

Velin newydd 1 770PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Felin newyo 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Felin newydd 1 803map J. S inger, New Mill 1 807PR Llanbadarn-fawr, New Mill - Cwmrheidol 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Velin newidd 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Felin newydd O S 1 834, Felin-newydd OS 1 8 9 1 , Felin newydd cott OS 1 982 Cf

Felin-newydd (64-a).

The

-newydd may have been in opposition to Melin Ffrwd-ddu als. Penffrwd (71-

a). Ffort -(SN 736-785) [£.

fort] ;

[glan'tien

A Griffiths]

PO OS 1 982, Ffort, S iop y Ffort (trading station) 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 77, Glan-tuen + Bwthyn y Wawr (signs)

1 049

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Ffosddu -(SN 75 1 -806)[ffos + du]; Ffosddu 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ffos Ddu OS 1 834, Ffos-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-rheidol OS 1 982 Ffynnoncadno -(SN 74 1 -806)[ffynnon + y + cadno]; [fted3 + ia,warn:lg'hows M. Morgan] Llwynhelyg (sign) LlwynHwyd -(SN 73 3-806)[llwyn + llwyd]; Llwyn Llwyd ? OS 1 834, Llwynllwyd ho. 1 843TMS In ruins [081891 ]. Llwynteifi-isa -(SN 741 -780)[llwyn + hn. Tei:fi (+ isaf)]; [lujn,hjvi'isa Gw. Lewis] Llwyn Teifi isa 1 747map L.Morris, Llwyn Tivi isssa 1 777 Crosswood MSS, Llwyn Teifi isaf, Llwynteify issa ho. 1 843TMS, Llwyn-teifi-isaf OS 1 891 Llwynteifi-ucha -(SN 741 -782) [llwyn + hn. Teifi (+ uchaf)] ; [mjn'tijvi Gw. Lewis] Llwyn Tivy 1 720PR Llanbadam-fawr, Llwyntivy 1 760CF, Llwyn Teifi ucha 1 747map L.Morris, Llwyn Tivi ycha 1 777 Crosswood MSS, Llwynteify 1 790PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Llwyn Teifi OS 1 834, Llwynteify ucha 1 843TMS, Llwyn-teifi OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn Teifi uchaf OS 1 982 What is perplexing with this name is that the river Teifi is nowhere near this place. It might have been named after Llwynteifi the older name of Cefngaer (34-a) which is near the Teifi river. Llynddu -(SN 71 5-785)[llyn + du]; Llyn-du OS 1 89 1 , Llyn Ddu 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, Llynddu 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 57 Llystuen -(SN 73 5-785)[llys + hn. Tuen] ; Llys Tuen OS 1 982 Maes-yr-awei - ( SN 752-808) [maes + yr + awel]; Maesyrawel OS 1 982 Maesawelon -(SN 708-792)[maes + awelon]; Maes Awelon OS 1 982 Magwyr Sion Ifan -(SN 757-824)[magwyr + pn. Sion Ifan]; [vagur, .fo:n'ivan J. J. Morgan] in£ Shown as a cottage on Nantcaredyn land (71-a) [ 1 807 Nanteos .tp1.338] . Melin BotgoH -(SN 749-765)[melin + tn. Botgoll (61-a)]; [velm'b:ltg:ll T. Griffiths, melm'b:ltg:ll E. M Lewis] Y Felin newidd wrth y Rhydbwll 1 742 Maes-newydd MSS , Ty'nllwyn Mill ? 1 790PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Tynllwyn Mill ? 1 791PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Botgoll Mill 1 795PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Melin Botgoll 1 807PR Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn, Melinyllwyn ? 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Melin Bodcoll OOS 1 82 1 , Melin O S 1 834, Melin newydd 1 843TMS, Bodcoll Mill (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Botcoll 1 9222 D. Thomas MS B-28, Mill 0Sc. 1 950 This mill replaced one at an earlier site at Aberbotgoll (61-a). Melin Ponterwyd -(SN 749-808)(melin + tn. Ponterwyd (7 1 -a)]; Ponterwyd Mill ho. 1 843TMS, Pont-erwyd Mill O S 1 904, Mill 0Sc. 1 950 Minrheidol -(SN 7 16-785)[min + hn Rheidol]; Min-rheidol OS 1 89 1 , Minrheidol 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, Ty-melyn OS1 982 Naint -(SN 775-802)[naint] ; Neint 'old sheep cottage' 1 764 Nanteos fpl332, Naint 1 81 8sur map, Nant-yr-aur -(SN 724-8 1 0) [hn. Nant-yr-aur] ; [nanta rajr M Morgan, E. Howells] Nantyraur 1 87 1 cens. , Nant-yr-air OS 1 89 1 , Nant-yr-aur OS 1 904 Nantbyr -(SN 73 1 -796)[hn. Nantbyr]; Nant-byr OS 1 834, Nantbar (sic) 1 843TMS, Nant Bir 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Nant-byr OS 1 89 1 , Nantbyr 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.24 Nantcaredyn -(SN 75 1 -829)[hn. Nantcaredyn]; [nant,kar'edm Gl. Lewis, nant'kredm, naiJka'redm J. J. Morgan] Nant-yradwy in Nant Gredin 1 570-71 Gog. OS pp. l l4-1 5, Llyest Nantgareddin 1 582-83 Gog.OS p. 69, Nant Goredyn 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant Garedin 1 735PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nant Garedyn 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Lluest Nant Garedyn 1 747map L.Morris, Nant y Gyrydin 1 700214 Nanteos fpl. 305, Nant y '

1 055

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Rhedyn 1 803map J. Singer, Nantycaerhedin 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant-y-'rhedydd (sic) OOS 1 834, Nant-garedyn OS 1 834, (c63 1 ) Caerhedin 'sheepwalk' 1 843TMS, Nant-y-cae-rhedyn OS 1 89 1 This has been interpreted as Nant Cae-rhedyn by the early nineteenth century, but the older forms of the name as well as the identical Nantgaredyn (Darowen, Monts.) [ 1 686 Cwrt-mawr MSS], show this to be a popular etymology. Perhaps Caredyn was a personal-name, cf the eighth-tenth century inscription in Gwnnwys church: Hiroid/ilfilius I Caro/tinn [ 1 927 CAST: 1 1 ; 1 994 W. Gw. Thomas: 416]. This has nothing to do with the carodyn 'companion, friend' [1 770-1820 I. Morg.: 1 3 4], which appears to be a false meaning, though corodyn did mean 'a trifle, toy, cherished thing' [ GPC s.v. corod]. Nantcreuau -(SN 792-803)[hn. Nantcreuau] ; [nant'kri·je Gw. Lewis, gwaje,nant'kreje P. Owen, waje,nant 'kreje M Griffiths, gwaje,nant;}'krie J. B. Howells] Llyest Nant y Croye 1 587 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyest Nant y Kreye 1 606 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'summerhouse' Llyest Nant y Creie 1 605-06 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyest Nant y Creye 1 606 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant y Creiau 1 756b L.Morris p. 5 64, Nant-y-creian 1 760 Powys Castle MSS Corr. 3 598, Nant y Crier 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 3 3 8, Gwaith Nant-y-creiau OS 1 834, Nantycria Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 54, Nant y Creiau Lead Works OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Creiau Lead Works (disused) OS 1 89 1 , yn hen waith Nantcareiau 1 906 J. J. Morgan p. l l 7, Hen Weithfeydd Mwyn Nantcreuau 1 966 J.M.Davies p. 49, Nantcria, Nantycria 1 975 D.E.Bick p. 29, Nantycreia 1 985 R.Burt et a/. p. 71 An old mine, reworked in 1 75 1 [ 1756b L. Morris: 567]. "This is part of the Crown's estate [i. e. Creuddyn] leased to his lordship [i. e. the Earl ofPowys] . " [ 1760 Powys Castle MSS Corr. 359 8] . Nantgraeanog -(SN c. 775-822) [nant + graeanog]; Nant Gwrianog, Nant y Graianog 1 68 1 W.J.Hemp MSS p.4, Nant i Graianog 1 68 1 W.J.Hemp MSS p.4, Nant Grayanog 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lluest Nant Graianog 1 747map L.Morris, Nant Graianog 1 747 L.Morris p.47, (c) Blaen Nant Crianog 1 827 Nanteos fp1.275 It is located halfway between Gelli-lechog (71 -a) and Llysarthur (71 -b) [ 1747map L. Morris], and is probably the old enclosure (SN c. 775-822) [ 1 800Yz Nanteos fp1s.] . This seems to be the older name of Nantbywain (d). Nantrhydd -(SN 793-850)[hn. Nantrhydd] ; Llyest Nant Yrhydd 1 606 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyest Nant yr Hydd, 'near brook called' Nant yr Hydd 1 620 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant yr Hydd 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Lluestnantrhydd 1 873 Cymerau MSS In ruins [1747 L. Morris: 17] . It is also the name of the adjoining brook. The early forms with the defmite article, favour a meaning 'brook of the stag'. However, I would not at all be surprised if this name had originally been composed with rhudd 'red' - as the replacement of the obsolete rhudd, with hydd is attested in many place-names throughout the county; cf Nantrhudd (64-a). Nantrhys -(SN 78 1 -8 1 6)[nant + pn. Rhys] ; Nant Gris OS 1 834, (c) Nant Rhys OS 1 89 1 With the earlier form i n mind, we should be aware o f the possibility o f a reanalysis o f an original name comprising gris. In a document of 1 880 [1 880 Att.GeiL vs. Bonsall: 3 (map)], a certain John Rees is mentioned as responsible for an encroachment on the bank of the Nantrhys stream, his surname might have suggested the 1 89 1 form. Nantmaes -(SN 759-790)[nant + y + maes] ; [nant'majs Gl. Lewis] Tyddyn Nant y Maes als. Y Ty Hen 1 622 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn y Ty Hene 1 641 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant-y-maes OS 1 89 1 This refers t o Nantgwynion (d). Nantmeirch -(SN 777-8 1 2) [hn. Nantmeirch] ; [nant;}'mejrx P. Owen, J. B. Howells] Y Llyest als. Lle Llyest yn Nant y Meirch 'west side of Nant y Meirch brook' 1 606 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant y Meirch 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant y Meyrch 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pantymarch 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MSS, Nant y Meirch 1 794PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Pantymarch als. Nantymeirch 1 82 1 Abertrinant MS S, Nant y Meirch OOS 1 82 1 , Nant Meirch O S 1 834, Nant-y-meirch OS 1 89 1 There was also a cowshed at Nantmeirch (71 -a) at (SN 776-8 1 3): "The said cow-house has been used within living memory but it has latterly been allowed to fall into ruin. " [ 1 880 Att.Gen. vs. Bonsall: 3] ; see Llysarthur (71-b). Nantseythyddion -(SN 773-790)[nant + y + seythyddion]; [nant's;}()j=>n T. Griffi.ths, J. B. Howells] Nant Sethi Thio 1 574 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ty Nant y Sythyddion 1 595 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tye Nant Sythyddion 1 595 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Nant y Seithyddion 1 629 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Nant y Sarthython 1 672 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant Syddion 1 73 6PR Llanbadam-fawr, Nantysydduddion 1 770 1 056

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Glanpaith MSS p. 24, Nant Surion 1 803map J. Singer, Nantysiriol 1 8 1 1 Nanteos fpls., Nant Syddian 008 1 82 1 , Nantsyoion 1 832PR Llangwrddon, Nant-syddion 08 1 834, Nant Sirion 1 880 Att. Gen. vs. Bonsall (map), Nant-syddion 08 1 89 1 , Nantsyddion 1 966 J.M.Davies p. 5 1 , Nant Syddion 08 1 974 Geol. map, Nantysyddion 1 992 G.Morgan p.21 The reduction of this name from Nantseythyddion to Nantsyddion is attested as early as 1 736. The lead­ mine of the same name adjoined the farmhouse, the levels of the works being twenty-five yards from the house [inf J. B. Howells]. Nantwiddon -(SN 785-829)[hn. Nantwiddon] ; [bejdi,nant'melm J. B. Howells] Lie Llyest yn Nant y Widdon 1 627 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant yr Wython 1 672 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant yr Widdon 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Troed Rhiw Widdon 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Lluest Troed Rhiw Widdon 1 747map L.Morris An 'old enclosure' [ 1 800Yz Nanteos tpls.]; ruin of a cottage [ 1795map D. Davies] . Neuadd Cwmrheidoi -(SN 689-797)[neuadd + tn. Cwmrheidol] ; Tythin Moris Morgan als. Y Neiadd yen Cwmrhidol 1 643 Pengelli MSS, Nevadd Cwm Rheidiol 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS , Noyadd Cwmrheidol 1 71 1 Hendrefelen MSS, (c) Cwm y Neuadd 1 747 L.Morris p. 50, o'r Neuadd Cwmrheidol 1 757 L.Morris in 1949 H. Owen p.925, Noyadd Cwm Rheidol 1 760CF, Neuadd 1 747map L.Morris, Neuadd Cwmrheidol 1 768PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nouao 1 787PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nauadd, Cwmrhudol 1 792PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Neioo Cwmrheidol 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Neioo Cwmrhiool 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Neuadd 08 1 834, Noyadd, Neiodd 1 843TMS, (c) Rhosnoyadd 1 852 Maes-newydd MSS, Neuadd 08 1 891 After this place was abandoned the name seems to have been transferred to nearby Ty-nant(ii). New-house -(SN 732-807)[E. new + house]; [niW'hows M. Morgan] Ochor Glog (sign) The later name was named after either of two Ochrglog (59-a, 61-a). New Inn -(SN 732-807)[new + inn]; [mw'm E. Howells] New Inn 1 833NR Ponterwyd, Inn OS 1 834, New Inn c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Red Kite (sign) Nythdedwydd -(8N 732-807)[nyth + dedwydd] ; [niW'kr:ls M. Morgan, E. Howells, ni:9'dedWI� M. Morgan] Nythdedwydd (sign) An Aberystwyth teacher (>1 91 4) - Miss Trotter - made this her summer-house, and upon fmding Nythdedwydd difficult to pronounce changed the name to New Cross [inf. M. Morgan] . Ochr-fawr -(8N 728-792)[ochr + mawr]; [oz:lr'vawr A Griffiths, M. Morgan] Ochrydd-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Ochr-fawr 08 1 904 Ochr-rhos -(SN 737-808)[ochr + y + rhos]; [oz:lr'o:s M. Morgan] Ochr-rhos 081 834, Ty newydd 1 834map W.Morgan, Ty newydd c. 1 850map Nantrarian Roerfa -(SN 730-796)[yr + oerfa]; R Oerfa 08 1 834, Tanyroerfa c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Yr-Oerfa 08 1 89 1 , (fpn.) Ann fach yr Oerfa 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 3 0 Pantcwarei -(SN 729-793)(pant + y + cwarel]; [;bant'xwarel A Griffiths] Pantycwarel c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Pant-y-cwarel OS 1 904 Pant-y-ddwyriw -(SN 733-779)(pant + y + dwy + rhiw]; Pant y Ddwy Rhiw 1 707 Mostyn MS 1473, Pantythoyrhiw 1 7 1 0 Mostyn MS 1467, Pant y Rhiew 1 755 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pantyddwyryw 1 792PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Pant y Ddwy Rhiw 08 1 834, Panty Dwyrha ho. 1 843TMS, Pant-y-ddwyriw 08 1 89 1 , Pant-y-ddwyrhiw 08 1 904 Pantffynnon(i) -(SN 728-799)(Ystumtuen)[pant + y + ffynnon] ; [pant'f�n:ln A Griffiths] Pantyffynon n 1 81 8sur map, Pant-y-ffynnon 08 1 89 1 Pantffynnon(ii) -(SN 73 1 - 806)(Llawerneg)[pant + y + ffynnon]; [pan t·r�n:m M . Morgan] Pant-y-ffynnon 08 1 834, Pant-y-ffynnon 08 1 89 1 , Pant:ffynnon 1 986 Tincer n. 86 Pantgarreglwyd -(SN 730-798)[pant + y + carreg + llwyd] ; [gareg'lujd M. Morgan] Pantygarreglwyd 1 843TMS, Pant Cerrig LlWyd (sic) 08 1 89 1 , Pant-y-gareg-lWyd 08 1 904 Pantgorlan -(SN 737-795)[pant + y + corlan] ; [pant'g:lrlan A Griffiths] Pant-y-corlan 08 1 89 1 , Pant-y-gorlan 08 1 904 Pantgwyn -(SN 73 1 -804)[pant + gwyn]; [pant'gwm M. Morgan]

1 057

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Pant Gwyn ycha + issa 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant Gwyn yssa 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant Gwyn ucha 1 747 L.Morris p. 3 1 , Pant Gwyn issa, 'he [ i. e. Thomas Powell] believes is the same with' Pen y Berth 1 747 L.Morris p. 3 1 , Pantgwyn 1 843TMS, Pant-gwyn OS 1 89 1 With the evidence at our disposal it i s impossible to know if Pantgwyn-isa was Pen-y-berth, if s o it was over 1 . 5km to the SSE of Pantgwyn, and would seem - at the outset - to have been an independent name. It must be remembered that there was fierce dispute at the time between Lewis Morris, as steward for lead-mining rights of the Crown, and Thomas Powel� regarding the status of land in the neighbourhood. Pantllidiard -(SN 729-790)[pant + y + llidiart] ; Pant y Llidiart c. l 8 50sur Berthddu, Pant-y-llidiart OS 1 89 1 , Pantllidiart 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 3 1 Pantroerfa -(SN 728-795) [pant + yr + oerfa] ; Pant yr Oerfa 1 800Y2 Nanteos fpls., Pant yr Oerfa c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Pant-yr-oerfa OS 1 89 1 Pantrhedyn -(SN 73 9-795)[pant + y + rhedyn] ; [pant'redm A . Griffiths] Pant y Rhedyn OS 1 834, Pantyrodin 1 843 TMS, Pantyrhedin c. l 850sur Berthddu, Pant-y-rhedyn OS 1 891 Parcgwyn -(SN 757-804)[parc + gwyn]; Pant Gwyn (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Pare-gwyn OS1 834, Pare Gwyn 1 843TMS, Pare-gwyn O S 1 89 1 Pen-y-berth -(SN 73 8-788) [pen + y + perth]; Pen y Berch 1 747map L.Morris, Pen y Berth 1 747 L.Morris p. 3 1 , The New Mine of Ystum Tyhen or Pen y Berth 1 747 L.Morris p.48, Bwlch Gwyn Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , 'originally called' Gwaith newydd Ystum Tuen 1 975 D.E.Bick p.25, A 'freehold' [ 1 747 L. Morris : 3 1 ] ; "In the nineteenth century the Bwlch-gwyn ofLewis Morris became known as Llwyn Teifi, the name Bwlch-gwyn being reserved for a mine that comprised most, if not all of the old Pen-y-berth. " [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 73] Pen-y-bont -(SN 747-808)[pen + y + pont]; Tythin Pen Bont Erwyd 1 62 1 /22 Maes-newydd MSS, Tyddyn Pen Pont Erwyd 1 660 Sir John Williams MSS p. l 22, Tythyn Pen Pont Erwyd 1 687 W. J.Hemp MSS p. l l , West Pont Erwyd 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Pen Ponterwid 1 760CF, Penybonthirwydd 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Penybont (sign) Cf Ponterwyd (71 -a). Penbrynmoelddu -(SN 7 1 8-804)[penrhyn + moeldduL [pen,brm'm;,jl(')i M Morgan] Tythin-y-Pemhyn-Moylldy 1 606-07 Gog.OS pp. 1 82-83, Penbryn Moelddu 1 747 L.Morris p. 47, Penbrynmoelddu 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbrin Moelou 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen-bryn-moel­ ddu OS 1 834, Pen-bryn-moel-ddu OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Tomi Penbrynmoelddu 1 975 T.Gri:ffiths p . 54 The position of the definite article in the form of 1 606-07 suggests that the adjective moe/ddu 'bald-black' referred to the hill as well as suggesting that the original noun may have been penrhyn rather than the phrase penbryn. It is likely that Moelddu in toponymy often represents a personal epithet, e.g. Rhydmoelddu (SO 09-76, Llanbadarn-fYnydd, Rads.); cf Moelwyn (55-a). The earliest form of Brynmoelddu (SN 93-52, Beulah, Brees.), Brynmorthy 1 7 1 2, Brynmoelddu 1 745 [2001 Gw. A Fychan: 30] suggests the reanalysis of another term Penbwlch -(SN 73 5-794)[pen + y + bwlch]; Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-banc 0Sc. 1 950, Penbwlch OS 1 982 Pencae -(SN 744-8 1 1 ) [pen + y + cae] ; Pen Cae OS 1 834 Pencastell -( SN 7 1 4-795)[pen + y + castell]; [pe.Q'kastcl M Morgan] Pen y Castell 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen-castell OS 1 891 Refers t o Castell Bwa-drain (71-b). Penclap -(SN 727-796)[pen + y + clap]; [pen'klap, now pen'brm A Griffiths] in£

Pencnwch -(SN 7 1 3-796)[pen + y + cnwch] ; [pen'knu:z M. Morgan] Pen-cnwc OS 1 89 1 Pencnwch -(SN 72 1 -784)[pen + y + cnwch] ; (c) Coed Llain fach 1 790sur map, Pen-cnwc OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cnwch OS 1 904, Pencnwch OS 1 982 Pencoed -(SN 744-775)[pen + y + coed] ; Pencoed OS 1 982 Penffrwd -(SN 709-789)[pen + y + ffrwd] ;

1 058

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Melin y Ffrwd Ddy 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant MS S, Pen:ffrwd 1 8 14PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen-y-ffrwd O S 1 834, Penffrwd 1 843TMS, Melin y Ffrwd-ddu als. Penffrwd 1 85 5 Abertrinant MSS, Pen-ffrWd OS 1 89 1 Refers t o FjiWd-ddu (63-b); 'formerly a water corn grist mi ll o r site o f a mill' [ 1 85 5 Abertrinant MSS] . Pengarreg -(SN 732-787)(pen + y + carreg] ; Pen y Garreg ym Bro Drain 1 640 CD p.46, Tythin Pen y Garreg Ymbwa Drain 1 642 Bedfordshire C.C. MSS, Tythin Pen y Garreg Imbro Drain 1 657 Coleman MS 1 1 7, Tythyn Pen Gareg y Gygvran 1 661 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen y Garreg 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pen y Garreg 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen-carreg OS 1 834, Pen-gareg OS 1 89 1 Pengeulanfelen -(SN 663-788)[pen + y + ceulan + melen] ; Geulan Velen 1 747map L.Morris, Panygaulan 1 777PR Llanbadam-fawr, Penygeilan 1 808PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Pengailan 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadam-fawr, Pen y Geulan OS1 834, Pen-geulan-felen (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-geulan O S 1 89 1 Pengraig -(SN 73 8-801)[pen + y + craig]; Pengraig 1 843TMS, Pen-y-graig OS 1 891 Pengwaith-yr-afon -(SN 73 7-806) [pen + gwaith + yr + afon]; Old Mine Work 1 790sur map, Factory c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Carding Mill ? c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Clara Consols 1 874 A.Francis p. 3 6, Clara Mine (lead) 08 1 89 1 , Clara Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Clara United 'including' Penpompren 1 985 R.Burt et al. p.21 Penrhenrhiw -(SN 740-794)[pen + yr + hen + rhiw]; [pen'hrendnw M Morgan] Penyrhenrhiw ho. 1 843TMS, Penyrhenriw c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Pen-yr-hen-riw O S 1 89 1 , Pen-yr-hen-riw 0Sc. 1 950 Penlefl - (SN 73 0-783)[pen + y + lefl] ; Penlevel 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, Penlefel 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p. 5 1 Penlon -(SN 679-79l )[pen + y + lon] ; Penlone 1 843TMS, Min-rheidol OS 1 89 1 Penrochr -(SN 71 7-794)[pen + yr + ochr] ; Pen yr Ochor 1 843TMS, Tan-yr-ochr OS 1 89 1 , Tan-yr-ochr OS1 904, Pen'rochor 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.20 Penpompren -(SN 709-790)[pen + y + pomprenL Penpompren mawr 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS, Pen Pompren mawre 1 7 1 1 Hendrefelen MSS, Llainfach cott. 1 843TMS, Pen-y-pontbren OS 1 89 1 Penpon -(SN 7 1 3 -797)[pen + y + pon] ; Pen-y-pond OS 1 89 1 , Penpon 1 975 T.Griffiths p. 3 2 Penrhiw -(SN 736-787)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Berth Ddu 1 700414 fpl. 307, Penrhiw Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 63, Pen-rhiw Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Nanteos Consols 1 8002/2map Min.Dist. , yng Ngwaith Mwyn Pen Rhiw 1 93 8 E.Isaac p. 1 6 1 , Gwaith Penrhiw 1 957 Eurgrawn p.297, Rheidol Mine (Ystumtuen, 'not' Rheidol United) 1 972 CER vol 7 p. 86, Penrhiw, 'apparently known as' Penyberth 1 975 D.E.Bick p.25, Nanteos 1 985 R.Burt et a!. p. 70, Aberystwyth 1 985 R.Burt et al. p. 1 , Gwaith Mwyn . . . Penrhiw 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 1 , Penrhiw 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.27 Closed 1 91 4- 1 8 [ 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/4: 5] ; Nanteos Consols included Penrhiw and Bwlchgwyn (71-a) [ 1975 D. E. Bick: 26] . Penrhiwbont -(SN 743-806)[pen + rhiw + yr + pont] ; [penhnw'b�nt E. Howells] Penrhiw'r Bont 1 790sur map, Penrhiw'r Bont 1 834map W.Morgan, Penybont cott. 1 843TMS, Pen-rhiw­ bont OS 1 89 1 Penrhiwceir -(SN 728-790)[pen + rhiw + yr + ceir] ; [pennw'kejr A . Griffiths, penru,kejr'�za, penru,kejr'isa (prox. 20yds) M Morgan] Pen-rhiw-gaer OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw-gaer OS 1 982 Penrhiwceir-isa was a cottage [inf. M. Morgan] . Penrhiwgam -(SN 722-789)[pen + y + rhiw + cam] ; Penrhiwgam 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Penrhywgam 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Penrhiwgam 1 8 1 8sur map, Pen-rhiw-gam OS 1 89 1 Penrhiwhebog -(SN 736-783)[pen + y + rhiw + yr + hebog] ; [pen'nw A . Griffiths] Tythyn Pen Rhiw'r Hebog 1 707 Mostyn MS 1 473, Tythin Penrhiw'r Hebog 1 7 1 0 Mostyn MS 1 467, Rhiw Rhebog 1 720PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Rhiw'r Hebog 1 747map L.Morris, Penrhiew Hebog 1 75 5 Cwrt-

1 05 9

(7 1) PERFEDD mawr MSS, Penyrhiw 1 784PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Penrhiw 1 788PR Ysbyty-Cymyn, Penrhiwyrhebog 'now called' Penrhiw 1 83 1 Cymerau MSS, Pen Rhiw OS 1 834, Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Penrhiw OS 1 982 Penrhiwlas -(SN 708-802)[pen + y + rhiw + glas] ; [peru'la:s M. Morgan] Penrhiw Las 1 747 L.Morris p.49, Penrhiwlase 1 760CF, Pen Rhiw Las 1 747map L.Morris, Penrhywlas 1 798PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Penrhywlas 1 803PR Llanbadam-fawr, Penrhiwlas 1 843TMS, Pen-rhiwlas OS 1 89 1 Penrhiwlas-ucha -(SN 709-801 )[pen + y + rhiw + glas (+ uchaf)] � Penrhiwlas 1 843TMS, Pen-rhiwlas-isaf OS 1 891 Penrhiwlluest -(SN 690-804)[pen + rhiw + yr + lluest] ; Lluast y Noyao ?? 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlchylluest cott. 1 843TMS, Pen-rhiw-lluest OS 1 891 Penroc -(SN c. 725-8 1 1 ) [pen + E. rock] � [pen'r�k M. Morgan, E. Howells, now tan�'gareg E. Howells] Penroch 1 87 1 cens. , Pen-roc 1 975 T.Griffiths p. 3 7 Three houses, destroyed [inf. M . Morgan] ; lie chi'n troi yn Rhydlydan (71-a) i Ystumtuen (71-a) [inf.]. Pentalwm -(SN 746-805) [pen + y + talwrn] ; [pen'talor E. Howells] Ponterwyd Inn 1 834map W.Morgan, Ponterwyd Inn 1 843TMS, Gogerthan Arms c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Gogerddan Arms Hotel O S 1 891 , Pentalwrn 1 975 T.Griffiths p. l 1 8, o'r Gogerddan 1 975 T.Griffiths p. 35, Hotel OS 1 982, Y Gogerddan Arms als. Pen Talwrn 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p. 24, 'ffair o gwmpas' Pen Talwrn 1 988 J.H.Griffrths p. l 8, George Borrow Hotel (sign) Plwca -(SN 726-782)[plwca]; Plwka Bydir in Cwm Rhydiol 1 66 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Plwcca Bydur 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Plwcca Budyr 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Plwcca Budr 1 747map L.Morris, Plwcca 1 792PR Ysbyty-Cymyn, Plwca 1 8 1 5PR L1anbadarn-fawr, Plucka cott. 1 843TMS, Plwca OS 1 89 1 , Plas Plwca 1 995 GPC s.v. plwca Cf Pompren Plwca (61-a). PONTERWYD -(SN 748-808)[pont + erwydd] ; [p�nt'erw1d E. Howells, p�nt'erWI(), b:mt (= farm) W. Protheroe (L1anafan-fawr, Brees.)] Tythyn Pont Erwyd 1 67 1 CD 62, Pont Erwyde 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pontarwyd 1 699map W.Waller, Pont Erwid als. Ewryd 1 742 L.Morris in 1 947 H. Owen vol. 1 p. 1 08, Pont Erwyd 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 7, Pont Herwid 1 760map E.Bowen, Pont Erwyd 1 747map L.Morris, Ponterwyd 1 790PR Ysbyty-CynfYn, Pont Erwyd 1 790sur map, Pont Hirwydd 1 798PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Pont Hirwydd 1 80 1 PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Pont Erwyd 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Erwydd OOS 1 834, Ponterwyd Farm 1 843 TMS, Bonterwyd, Bonthirwydd 1 876 W.Hughes p. l 5, Pont-erwyd OS 1 89 1 , drwy Bont-y-derwydd 1 9 1 0 CAST vol. l p. 26, tua'r Bont 1 975 T.Griffiths p.25, i'r Bont 1 975 T. Griffiths pp.29, 63, Ponterwyd + Bont Farm OS 1 982 In 1 790 [ 1 790sur map] Pontenvyd was shown on site of Pen-y-bont (71 -a), the name refers to a precursor of Bont-newydd (71-b) . The meaning of erwyd is unknown but could be a development on envydd 'rods, rails, poles' (cf cyntedd __, k�nted, di.ffodd __, dif�d). The application of the term envydd may be connected to a footbridge, characterised by a type of construction, that spanned the Rheidol: "Yn yr hen amser yr oedd pont dros afon RheidioL mewn lle cyfyng ar yr afon, o brenau hirion a gyrhaeddent o'r naill ochr i'r llall; y dyfuder efallai, i waelod yr afon yn 1 00 Hath. Gelwid y lie erchyll, arswydus hwn yn Talwrn;" (1 876 W. Hughes: 1 5] (cf Pentalwrn, 71-a). The form of the name Erwd (E. Envood, so 09-43, Brees. ) - realised erod by a Welsh speaker from near Bwlch (Brees.) [ 1 959 WFM tape 1 86/b], for what that is worth - as well as its location near a crossing of the river Wye suggests we may have another attestation of this word, though if the correspondence of [-wid] to [ -od] (cf Cards. anwid, Glams. anod) is to be sustained, it is unlikely that the word gwydd 'tree' is present - the etymology of erwydd is only tentatively connected to gwydd by GPC. We may have an older form of the word in hernyt (> 1 246) - see sub Rhuddnant (d) - which seems to demand MnW. * henvyd. Pwllbroga -(SN 75 1 -8 1 1 ) [pwll + y + broga] ; [poi'br�ga J. B. Howells, E. Howells] Maes-yr-haf inf An old place before the present bungalow [inf.]. Pwllglas -(SN 73 5-796)[pwll + glas] ; Pwllglas 1 843 TMS, Pwll-glas OS 1 891 Rheidol Cottage -(SN 724-782)[hn. Rheidol + E. cottage] ; Rheidol Cottage OS 1 891 Rheidol Power Station -(SN 708-793)[hn. Rheidol + E. power + station] � 1 060

(7 1) PERFEDD Power Station OS 1 982, Rheidol Power Station, Pwerdy Cwm Rheidol (sign) in 1 985 Tincer n. 80 The Rheidol Hydro-Electric Scheme was op. 1 964 [ATC n.c. P19.333.914] . Worked for the Central Electricity Generating Board North West Region [sign in 1 985 Tincer: so] . Rheidol View -(SN 747-809)[hn. Rheidol + E. view]; Rheidol View Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Rheidol View OS1 904 Rhiwgoch -(SN 754- 8 1 8)[rhiw + coch]; Rhiw-goch OS 1 891 Rhydlydan -(SN 725-81 1 )[rhyd + llydan]; [hrid'l�dan M Morgan, hri·d'l�dan E. Howells] Rhyd Lydan OS1 834, (c) Caerhwgwn D"Wr, Rhydlydan ho. 1 843TMS, Rhyd-llydan, (c) Pont Rhyd-llydan OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-lydan Arms (P.H.) 08 1 904, (c) Pont Rhyd-lydon (sic) 0Sc. l 950, yn nhafarn Rhydlydan 1 988 J. H. Griffiths p. 24 Simnai-lwyd -(SN 712-787)[simnai + llwyd] ; Simie Lwyd 1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Shimney Lwyd + Tir isaf, (c) Coed Shimney Lwyd 1 790sur map, Shimieu Lwyd 1 809PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Simiau Lwyd 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Glyn-rheidol (c) Coed Simdde-l"Wyd OS 1 89 1 , Simneu Lwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, (c) Coed Simdde-lwyd OS1 982, Simdde Lwyd 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.49 Siop Ceiro -(SN 749-821 )[siop + hn. Ceiro] ; [f�p'kejro E. Howells, J�p'kiro J. J. Morgan, (c) ki,lane,mawn J�p 'kejro E. Howells] Lluest Aber Ceiro 1 747map L.Morris, Siop-cairo OS1 891 , Siop-ceiro OS 1 904 Dafydd Griffiths did not own a shop, rather a farmhouse on the banks of the Ceiro stream [ 1 966 J. M. Davies: 53]; under Llyn Dinas [inf J. J. Morgan). Sychnant -(SN 733-793)[sych + nant]; Sychnant 1 843 TMS, (c) Sychnant 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Sychnant bach c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Sychnant OS 1 89 1 Tanrallt(i) -(SN 755-790)(Ysbyty-Cynfyn)[tan + yr + alit]; [tan'ralt Gl. Lewis] Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 Tanrallt(ii) -(SN 707-793)(Dol-fawr)[tan + yr + alit]; Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Tarallt 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 Tan-yr-allt-fach -(SN 71 9-785)(Troedrhiwsebon)[tan + yr + alit (+ bach)]; Tan-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Tanyrallt fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 The -fach is probably in opposition to Tanrallt(ii) (71-a). Tan-y-berth -(SN 707-793)[tan + y + perth]; Tuy yn y Berth ? 1 685 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tarr-y-berth OS 1 89 1 Tan-y-ffordd(i) -(SN 740-803)(Llawerneg)[tan + y + ffordd] ; [tan�'f�r6 M Morgan] Tan-y-ffordd OS 1 834, Tyny:ffordd c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Tan-y-ffordd OS 1 891 Tan-y-ffordd(ii) -(SN 693 -798)(Neuadd Cwmrheidol)[tan + y + ffordd] ; Tan-y-ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Tan-y-fford 0Sc. 1 950 Tangraig-fach -(SN 732-800) [tan + y + craig (+ bach)]; [taug rajg 'va:z M. Morgan] Tanygraig c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Tanygraig 1 852 Maes-newydd MSS, Tan-y-graig-fiich OS 1 89 1 Tanlan-fawr -(SN 754-788)[tan + y + glan + mawr] ; Tythin y Llandore 1 574 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythen y Lane vawre 1 58 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythin Talken y Llan vawr 1 590 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tyddyn Talken y Lan vawr 1 593 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Talken y Llan vawre 1 625 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Talken y Lan vawr 1 629 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tythyn Talken y Lan vawre 1 647/48 Crosswood MSS, Talken Llanvawr als. Tu yn y Lanfawr 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Dan Lan vawr 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Dan y Lan fawr 1 764 Nanteos fpl.339, Ty'nlanfawr 1 808PR Ysbyty­ Cynfyn, Tanlanfawr 1 805PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Dan y Lan fawr 1 81 8sur map, (c) Ca y Llan fawr 1 81 8sur map, Ty'n Lan fawr OOS 1 82 1 , Tan-lan-fawr OS1 834, Lan-fawr OS 1 89 1 Tanrysgol - ( SN 736-785)[tan + yr + ysgol] ; [tan'r�sk�l A Griffiths] Tan-yr-ysgol + Clydfan (signs) B etween Ffort (71 -a) and Ysgol Ystumtuen (71-a). Trafel -(SN 734-809)[ ? ]; [ dravel E. Howells, �'dravel M. Morgan] Trafle 'a house in Cwmrheidol' 1 760CF, Trafel OS 1 834, Travel Thomas 1 834map W.Morgan, Travel Thomas, (c) Mownog y Drafel 'turbary' c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Drafel OS 1 89 1

1061

(7 1 ) PERFEDD The form of 1 760 seems to connect this name - as does cursory appearance - with a number of place­ names called

Trajle

(see sub

Trajle, 1 5-a) .

If there is a connection between these two name-types it is not

regular according to phonology, and I prefer to see two distinct etymologies. The

Thomas

on the

Gogerddan maps of 1 834 and c. 1 850 is probably the owner's surname rather than an integral part of the place-name. The lenition of the name, apparent since the mid nineteenth century and in the contemporary local pronunciations appears to connect this name to the abstract feminine noun

trafael 'distress, pains, y drafel 'his trouble' [c. 1600 Egerton MS 1 586: 78] , and rhiw drafel 'some difficulty' (Pembs.) [1 620 in c. l 600 Egerton MS 1 586: 78) . However, I am loathe to connect this place-name with trafael as there are many examples of trafel as a masculine noun in toponymy, e. g. Trafel (5 1-a), Trafel-y-pwll (SN 33-30, Cynwyl Elfed, Canns.), Trafel-yr-ych (SN 27-21, Meidnnn, Carms.), Trafelgwyn (SN 89-75, Llangurig, Monts.). Troed-yr-henrhiw -(SN 74 1 -800)[troed + yr + hen + rhiw]; [trod;}'hrendnw M Morgan] trouble', e. g.

Troedyrhenrhiw cott.

1 843TMS,

Troedyrhenriw c. 1 8 50sur Berthddu, Troed-yr-hen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 ,

Troed-yr-hen-riw O S 1 904

Troedllwybrclun

-(SN 7 1 7-784)[troed + llwybr + y + clun] ;

Caegynon Mine + Troed Llwybr y Clun 1 747 L.Morris p. 47, Troed y Llwybr Clun 1 754 L.Morris in D.Ll. Thomas p.3, Troed Llwybr Clun 1 747map L.Morris, Troed Llwybir Clin,

(c) Llwybir

Clin Wood

1 790sur map, Troedyllwybrclud 1 793PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Caegynon Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 69, Cae­ cynon Mine (lead) 08 1 89 1 , Llwybrclun 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, Rheidol United 1 975 D.E.Bick p. 34, Caegynon, Glanrheidol United 1 98 5 RBurt et a/. p . 1 5 , Caegynon 1 98 8 J.H. Griffiths p.27 Gwaith Cae-Gynon was on Thomas Johnes's land, whilst Troedllwybrclun was on Richard [1 747 L. Morris: 48] ; worked till 1 9 1 2 [ 1 993 T. Carr & A. SchOne: 56] . Troedrhiw-fawr -(SN 733-778)[troed + y + rhiw + mawr] ;

Jenkin's land

Tythen-Troed-rhwy-Llanidol als. Tythen Morris Gittin-Goch-yn-Gabwd ? 1 570-71 Gog. OS pp. l l 4-1 5 , Tythin Troed y Rhewe ? 1 620/21 Maes-newydd MS S , Tythin-Llan-y-diol ? 1 625-26 Gog. OS p. 3 5,

(c)

Tir-Pen-rhiw, Llain-y-dioL Gwdd-Llain-y-diol ? 1 63 2 Gog. OS p. 98, Trydrhwy Llamadiol als. Llamadiol ? 1 66 1

Cwrt-mawr MSS,

Troed-rhiw-fawr OS 1 89 1 ,

Troedrhiwfawr,

(c)

Y Rhiwfawr (prox.)

1 975

T.Griffiths p. 8 1 , (c) Rhiw-fawr (prox.) 1 98 8 J.H. Griffiths p. 1 Cf sub

Troedrhiwgoch

hn. Nant Bwa-drain. -(SN 765-809)[troed + y + rhiw + coch] ;

[trodnw'go:x J.

B. Howells]

Trod y Rhiw Goch 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 33 2, Tro edrhywgoch 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Troedrhiwgoch 1 843TMS, Troed Rhiw Goch 'the foot of the red slope' 1 862 G.Borrow p. 423, Troed-rhiw-goch O S 1 891

Troedrhiwlas -(SN 674-790)[troed + y + rhiw + glas]; [tr;,dru'la:s J. Jones] Troed Rhiwlas 1 778 Gwynfryn MS S, Troed Rhyw Las 1 803map J.Singer, Troed-y-rhiwlas OS 1 834, Troed Rhyw-las 1 834PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhiwlas Farm, Troed Rhiwlas 1 843TMS, Troed-y­ rhiwlas OS 1 89 1 , Treod-y-rhiwlas (sic) 0Sc. 1 95 0

Troedrhiwsebon - ( S N 720-782)[troed + rhiw + y r + sebon]; Troed Rhiw Velen (sic?) 1 747map L.Morris, Troed Rhyw Sebon 1 776PR Llanbadam-fawr, Troedrhyw'r Sebon 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troed Rhiw'r Sebon 1 780PR Llanbadam-fawr, Troed Rhiw Sebon 1 789 in 1 790sur map, Troed Rhyw'r Sebon 1 803map J.Singer, Troed-rhiw-sebon OS 1 834, Troedrhiw ho. 1 843 TMS, Troedyr Rheyw c. 1 850map Nantrarian, Troed-y-rhiw-sebon OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiwsebon 1 92426 CSRLS 3

Trympeg

-(SN 744-804) [trympeg] ; [Cc)

tro·'tr;}mpeg (prox.) E. Howells] (c) Gate 1 834map W. Morgan,

Gate ?? 1 747map L.Morris, T.G. 08 1 834,

Tol Bar c. 1 85 0map Nantrarian,

Ponterwyd Gate 1 87 1 cens. , Erwyd Cottage, T.P. O S 1 8 9 1

Trympeg Ty-mawr -(SN 7 5 5-792) [trympeg + t n

Ty-mawr

(71-a)] ; [tr;}mpeg,ti·'mawr E.

Howells]

Ysputty Toll Bar 1 843TMS, Spyty Gate 1 86 1 cens . , Twmpec 1 87 1 cens. , T.P. OS 1 89 1 This was disused as a tollhouse by 1 86 1 [ 1 86 l cens. ], and I believe there i s a picture o f this place in Tincer

[1 978: 10]. TY-cam -(SN 683-794)[ty + cam] ; Ty Cam O S 1 834, Ty Cam 1 843TMS, Ty-cam O S 1 8 9 1 , Ty-cam 0Sc. 1 95 0 -(SN 73 5-786) [ty + celyn] ; Ty Celyn OS 1 982

Ty-celyn Ty-coch

-(SN 748-777)[tY + coch] ; Ty-coch OS I 89 1

1 062

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Ty�gwyn -(SN 736-792) [ty + gwyn] ; Tygwyn Ystymtien 1 788PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Llyast Wen (sic) 1 790sur map, Tygwyn 1 802PR Ysbyty­ Cynfyn, Ty-gwyn OS 1 834, Ty-gwyn 0 8 1 891 , Ty Gwyn OS 1 982 Ty-hir -(SN 73 8-788)[tY + hir]; Tyhir 1 789PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ty Hir 1 806PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Pantgwynne ucha (sic) 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty­ hir 08 1 834, Tyhir 1 843TMS, Tyr-hir 08 1 89 1 , Ty-hir 08 1 982 Ty�llwyd-ucha -(SN 694-795)[tY + llwyd (+ uchaf)] ; Tyllwyd 1 760CF, Ty Llwyd 1 747map L.Morris, T y Llwyd 1 799 Abertrinant MSS, Ty Llwyd Cwmrheidol 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyllwyd 1 803map J. Singer, Tyllwyd Cwmrheidol 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty-llwyd ucha 1 843TMS, Ty-11\Vyd OS 1 89 1 , Tyllwyd ucha 1 990 Ddolen n. 1 83 The -ucha is in opposition to Ty-llwyd-isa (63-a). Ty-mawr -(SN 757-79 1 )[ty + mawr] ; [ti:'mawr Gl. Lewis, J. J. Morgan] Tuy mawr als. Pen y Graig 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tuy maur als. Pen y Graig 1 687/88 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tu mawr als. Pen y Graig 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tuy maur als. Pen y Graig 1 688 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Ty mawr 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 6, Ty mawr 1 78 8PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Ty mawr 1 792PR Ysbyty­ Cynfyn, Ty mawr 1 8 1 1 Nanteos fpls., Ty mawr 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty mawr 008 1 82 1 , Ty-mawr OS 1 89 1 Ty-nant(i) -(SN 76 1 -799)(Ysbyty-Cynfyn)[tyddyn + y + nant] ; [ti'nant, nantkum'bar J . B. Howells] Nant Cwm Bar 08 1 834, Tynant, Tynant, Nantcwrnbar 1 843TMS, Ty-nant OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Daniel Nant­ cwm-bar, Ty Nant 1 966 J.M.Davies p.49 Daniel Nantcwmbar had Ty-nant built in 1 88 8 [ 1966 J. M. Davies: 49], though the evidence of the tithe map shows Ty-nant existed before this time. Nantcwmbar 'hen le ergyd carreg o Dy-nant' [inf J. B. Howells]; cf Nant-y-bar (SS 83-96, Cwmafan, Glams.; SO 28-40, Dorstone, Heres.); Crug-y-bar (SN 65-37, Carms.). Ty-nant(ii) -(SN 686-794)(Neuadd Cwmrheidol)[tyddyn + y + nant] ; 'toft' Llwyn Nant y Cappell (prox. ) 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS, Tuy y Nant als. Tuy yn y Nant ? 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tuyn y Nant ? 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Tu'n y Nant ? 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ty yn y Nant 1 71 6 Abertrinant MSS, Ty'n Nant 1 771PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty Nant 1 774PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'nant 1 795PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynnant 1 81 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n-y-nant 08 1 891, Neuadd Park 1 920 in 1 990 Ddolen n. 1 3 5, Neuadd Pare OS1 982 This seems to have adopted the name of Neuadd Park bet. 1 904-20 [OS1904] after the abandonment of Neuadd Cwmrheidol (71-a); c£ Troedrhiwfelen (63-a). Tynbryn -(SN 75 1 -8 1 2)[tyddyn + y + bryn] ; [tm'brm J. B. Howells] inf

Tyncwm -(SN 775-8 1 2) [tyddyn + y + cwm] ; [tin'kum P. Owen, tm'kum J. B. Howells] Ty'n-y-cwm OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 774-8 1 3)(Dyffryncastell)[tY + newydd] ; [ti: 'newd� Gl. Lewis, J. B. Howells] Tynewydd 1 843TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 735-789)(Ystumtuen)[tY + newydd] ; Ty newydd 0 8 1 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 669-787)(Glanrhyd Ty-noeth)[ty + newydd]; Ty newydd 0 8 1 834, Tynewydd cott. 1 843TMS, Pen-geulan-felen (sic) OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(iv) -(SN 7 1 4- 803)(Penbrynmoelddu)[tY + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(v) -(SN 735-804)(Llawerneg)[tY + newydd]; [ti,'brli'powel M. Morgan] New House c. 1 850sur Berthddu, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Tynffordd -(SN 75 5-797)[tyddyn + y + ffordd] ; [tm'f:lr Gl. Lewis, tm'f:lr� J . B. Howells] Tuy y Fforth als. Tuy'n y Ffordd 1 684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Tu'n y Ffordd als. Tu'n y Porth 1 690 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Ty yn Ffordd 1 774PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynyfforo 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tynyffordd 1 78 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyn y Ffordd 1 803map J. Singer, Tynyffordd 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ty yny Ffrodd 1 8 1 8sur map, Tyn y Ffordd OOS 1 82 1 , Tyn-y-ffordd 08 1 834, Ty'nffordd 1 852 Maes-newydd MSS, Ty'n-y-ffordd 08 1 89 1 , (pn.) Wil Tynffordd 1 980 Ddolen n.24 C£ Tynffordd (70-a). Tynfron(i) -(SN 723-785)(Bwa-drain)[tyddyn + y + bron] ; Ty yn y Fron 1 764 Nanteos fpl.309, Ty'n y Fron 1747map L.Morris, Tynyfron 1794PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Ty yn y Fron 1 8 1 8sur map, Tyn y Fron OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tynfron 1 924-26 C SRLS 3 1 063

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Tyn-y-fron(ii) -(SN 740-804)(Llawerneg)[tyddyn + y + bron]; Tynyfron 1 843TMS Tynllechwedd -(SN 740-80 1 )[tyddyn + y + llechwedd] ; [tm'iazwer J . B. Howells, P. Owen] Tynyrochor 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n-yr-ochr OS 1 891 Tynrhos -(SN 747-81 5)[tyddyn + y + rhos]; [tm'hro:s J. J. Morgan] Ty'n Rhos 1 747map L.Morris, Tyn-y-rhos 1 803map J. Singer, Tynrhose 1 808PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Tyn y Rhos OOS 1 834, Ty'n-rhos OS 1 89 1 Ty-poeth -(SN 71 0-789) [ty + poeth] ; Tu Poeth 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Ty Poth 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 4, Ty Poeth 1 747map L.Morris, Ty Poeth 1 789 in 1 790sur map, Ty Poth 1 8 1 8sur map, Ty-poeth OS 1 89 1 Ty-powdr -(SN 741 -796)[tY + powdr] ; Ty Powdwr, Y Ty Powdwr 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p.27 b. 1 843 to keep dynamite and explosives [ 1 988 J. H. Griffith s: 27] . Ty-ucha -(SN 728-79 1 )[ty + uchaf] ; Ty-uchaf OS 1 891 Wennallt -(SN 752-769)[y + gwen + alit]; [wenalt T. Griffiths] Wenallt OS 1 834, Wenallt OS 1 891 Wemdeg -(SN 737-804)[y + gwern + teg] ; [wern'de:g M. Morgan, E. Howells] Wern-teg OS 1 834, Werndeg ho. 1 843TMS, Wern-deg OS 1 89 1 West-Nantcreuau -(SN 782-797)[(£. west +) tn. Nantcreuau] ; West Nantycria 1 874 A.Francis p. 5 5, West Nantycreiau 1 922 0. T. Jones p. 1 04 Windy Ridge -(SN 744-808)[E. windy + ridge] ; Windy Ridge OS 1 982 Ysbyty-Cynfyn -(SN 752-790) [ysbyty + pn. Cynfyn] ; [sp;)ti'kenvi T. Griffiths, J. B. Howells, sp�ti 'kenvm J. B. Howells] Spitykenvyn 1 548 Cardiff Records vol.2 p. 3 05, Ysbytty Kynfyn c. 1 566EPC, Isputty Kenvyn 1 575 CD, Spittye Kinwen 1 578map C. Saxton, Sputty Kunvyn 1 5 84 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Spytty Kynvyn 1 587 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Ysbyty Kynvynn c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.24 1 , Spitty Cynvyn, Spitty Cynvin 1 6 1 4 Prob. St­ David, Spytty Kynvyn, Spitty Kinvin 1 61 7 Crosswood MSS, Spitty Kenvyn 1 62 1 Crosswood MSS, Spyty Kenvine 1 625 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Spitty Kenvin 1 632 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Spitty Kynvyn 1 673 Cymerau MSS, Spitty Cynfyn 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Yspytty Cenfm, Yspytty 1 7 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Spitty Cenfin 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, 'Spytty Cynfin 1 73 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Yspytty Cynwyn c. 1 757 L.Morris p.438, Spitty Envin 1 760map E.Bowen, Spytti Cenvi 1 760CF, Sputty Cenfin 1 763PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Spyty Cenfm, (c) Ca yr Eglws 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 3 1 6, Yspytty Kynwyn Chap. 1 747map L.Morris, Spitty Envan 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Sputty Cenfin 1 777 Crosswood MSS, Yspytty Cefnydd 1 790PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ysbytty Cynvyn 1 799EPC, S putty Ce'n Fyn 1 803map J. Singer, Yspytty Kenwyn 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 1 03, Yspytty'r Enwyn 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 369, Spythy C'en Vaen 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. 1 43, Yspytty C'env'n 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. 372, Y Spytty Cynfyn 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Y Spytty Cynfyn, Yspytty'r Enwyn 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 1 096, Yspytty Cynfyn OOS 1 823, Spyty Cefui 1 827PR Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn, Yspytty Cynfyn OS 1 834, Yspytty Cenfyn 1 837PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ysputty 1 064

(7 1) PERFEDD Cenfyn Church Yard 1 843TMS, Yspytty Cenvin 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 546, 'some call it' Spytty Cynfyn, 'others' Spytty Cynwyl 1 862 G.Borrow p.243, Ysbytty Cynfyn 1 862 G.Borrow p.233, Yspytty Cynfyn, St. John's Church (Vicarage), on site of hospitium, Stone Circle (remains of) OS 1 89 1 , Ysbytty 1 9 1 0 CAST vol. I p.26, St. John•s Church ( C in W) + Ysbyty Cynfyn OS I 982 b. l 400 'as far as known' [1 85 1 Rel cens. : 546] ; "Used for yspryd-ty, i.e. - [spi]ritual house, a house dedicated to spiritual purposes . . . the signification of the word yspytty in the [ ] an hospital an alms house, a place for the reception [ ]" [1 763PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn] ; means the hospital of the frrst boundary (i. e. -(--- cynt + ffin), the second hospital being Ysbyty-Ystwyth (59-a) [1 862 G. Borrow: 233-34] ; cf OC.pn. Cenmyn [ wth_uthcent. Bodm.Manu.] ; B.tn. Plougonven (Finistere); not a saint [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 20] . The loss of final [-n] in the local pronunciation sp 1 765b L. Morris: 21 ] . Bryn-y-bobl -(SN 752-793)[bryn + y + pobl]; Bryn y Bobl c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 52 This was the spot from which the forgathered congregation used to watch for their vicar as he came from Llanbadam-fawr (66-a) [c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 52] . Brynglas -(SN 769-825) [bryn + glast Bryn Glas OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-glas 0Sc. 1 9 50 See Brynglas (71-a). Brynllwyd -(SN 757-777)[bryn + llwyd] ; Bryn Llwyd OS 1 834, Ty'n-llwyn Hill OS 1 89 1 , Tyn-llwyn Hill 0Sc. 1 950, Bryn Tyn-llwyn OS 1 982 Brynrhosw -(SN 733-800)[bryn + ? ] ; Bryn Rhossey OS 1 834, Bryn Rhosau OS 1 89 1 , Bryn Rhosau 0Sc. 1 950, Cairn O S 1982, Brynrhosw 1 988 J. H. Griffiths p . 1 Bryn Tynrhos -(SN 753-8 1 9)[bryn + tn. Tynrhos (71-a)]; [�'brm E. Howells] Bryn Ty'n-rhos OS 1 89 1 Bwleb-baeh -(SN 770-795)[bwlch + bach]; Bwlch bach 1 8 1 1 Nanteos fpl 278 Bwlch-y-fleiddast -(SN 802-826)[bwlch + y + bleiddast] ; Lle Lliest Bwlch y Vlythadge 1 625 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Lie Llyest Bwlch y Vliddast 1 680/81 Maes-newydd MS S, Lie Llyest Bwlch Vleiddast 1 742 Maes-newydd MSS, Llellyast Bwlchyvleiddast 1 83 6 Glanpaith MS 1 07, Bwlchyfloeddast 1 924-26 CSRLS 56 Bwlebgarn -(SN 759- 8 1 O)[bwlch + y + earn]; [bulx;'garn J. B. Howells] in£ Bwleh-y-llan -(SN 759-789)[bwlch + tn. Llan[eithyr] (71-a)] ; [bulx;�'ian Gw. Lewis, J. B. Howells] dros Fwlch-y-Llan 1 988 J.H.Griffiths p.41 Bylehau-gwynion -(SN 768-785) [bylchau + tn. [Esgair] wynio (71 -a)] ; [b�lx;e'gwmj:>n J. B. Howells] in£ There is one pass here, though there were said to be three [inf J. B. Howells], the name is almost certainly a reanalysis of *Bwlch [Esgair]wynio understood as *Bwlchgwynion, whence the referent was made plural to agree with the qualifier. Carregeadno -(SN 740-807)[carreg + y + cadno] ; [Cc) kwaler'kadn:> (prox.) E. Howells] '

1 066

(7 1) PERFEDD Carreg y Cadno 1 747 L. Morris p. 5 1 , Carreg Cadno 1 790sur map, Carreg Cadno 1 834map W.Morgan, Carreg Cadno 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 288 n. 9 H. Owen

[ 1 897: 2.288]

noted that this stone was supposed to have the footmarks of a fox who had jumped

down from above, and implies a possible connection with the

Castell Bwa-drain

-(SN 7 1 2- 794)[castell + tn. Bwa-drain

hn. Llawerneg.

(71-a)] ;

(c) Llain-wen-y-istlys-y-castell 1 63 2 Gog. OS p. 98, Tir y Castell ? 1 690 Cwrt-mawr MS S , (c) Bron y Castell 1 764 Nanteos :fpl. 3 1 4, Old Fort 1 747map L.Morris, Castell Bwa-drain O S 1 834, Castell Bwa­ drain (Camp) (remains of) OS 1 89 1

Cefnfuches

-(SN 7 1 9-797)[cefn + y + buches] ;

[keven'v�es P .

Owen]

Byches Nant y Meirch 1 844TMS, Cefn Fuches O S 1 89 1

Cefngarw -(SN 723-805) [cefn + garw] ; [penlam'b1ka M

Williams]

Cefn Garw O S 1 834, Bane Bwa-drain OS 1 89 1 , Penlanbica 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 1

Penlanbica is certainly the name given to the section above Penbrynmoelddu (71-a) Cefn Gelli -(SN 769- 8 1 6) [cefn + tn. Gelli-lechog (71 -a)] ;

[inf. M.

Williams] .

Cefn y Gelli O S 1 834, Cefn y Gelli OS 1 89 1

Cefn Glan-y-fedw

-(SN 743-789)[ cefn + tn. Glan-y-fedwt

Cefn Glan y Vedw 1 747sur map L.Morris p . 3 0, Cefn Glan Yvedw 1 747map L.Morris, Bwlch-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , dros Fane Llwyntei:fi 1 975 T. Griffiths p. 1 24

Cefnllan -(SN in£

762-775)[ cefn + Llan[ eithyr]

(71 -a)]; [keven'lan E. :Mason]

A wood [inf E. Mason] .

Cerrygllwydion

-(SN 764- 80 1 ) [cerrig + llwydion] ;

Cerig Llwydion OS 1 89 1 , Cerrig Llwydion O S 1 982

Cnwc-mawr -(SN

738-777) [cnwc + mawr];

Cnwck mawr

1 747map

[knuk Gw.

L. Morris,

Lewis,

Ruwchmawr

pen'knuk A.

1 75 5

Griffiths]

Cwrt-mawr MSS,

Cnwc-mawr

OS 1 834,

Cnwchmawr 1 83 1 Cymerau MSS, Penycnwch 1 843TMS

Corstarw -(SN 8 0 1 - 8 1 5)[cors + y + tarw] ;

[g:lrs'taru P. Owen]

Gors GOch OS 1 834 The old people said a bull had drowned here, and only its two horns were to be seen [inf. P. Owen].

Craig-y-gatb

-(SN 749- 826)[craig

+ y + cath] ; [krajg�'ga:e J. J. Morgan]

Yr Agsyl yn Ynys Garreg y Gach 1 570-7 1 Gog. OS pp. 1 1 4- 1 5 , Graig-y-ddalfa 1 807 Nanteos :fpl. 3 3 8 C f Hirnant (70-a). Craigllymau-duon -(SN 7 1 4-790)[ craig + ? + duon]; [krajg ,l�me'dkm A Griffiths] (c) Gwar y Pistill mawr (prox. ) ? 1 69 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Rhiw Lamdual 1 747map

L.Morris, Bwa Drain

Waterfall ? 1 9 1 1 > D.J.Saer p.20, hyd Graig Llymanau Duon 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 1 , Craig Llymastau Duon 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p . 65, at Graig y Colomennod Duon 1 98 8 J.H.Griffiths p . 49

llyme or clyme found in this name and Nantllymau-duon als. Nant Bwa-drain (d) is shown by Nant Bwa-drain (d). The llymystau of 1 808 appears to be the plural of llamysten 'sparrow-hawk', but the usual plural is llamystennod [GPC s.v. llamysten] , furthermore it is difficult to see how llymystau could give l�me. The form l�me is attested in Nant-llamai-ddu 1 8 88, and Nant Clameduon 1 924-26, with the forms Nant Colomenod Duon 1 924-26, and hyd Craig Llymanau Duon 1 988, being interpretations that may b e correct if l�me i s a reduced form. I t i s not possible to decide between the variants llyme and clyme however, the variation is made possible by the fmal of craig in Craigllymau-duon (which might suggest Nantllymau-duon was a reduced from Nant Craigllymau-duon). The term colomennod 'pigeons' does not seem to fit the pronunciation, nor does the sense 'black pigeons' seem likely, the term clymau, lit. 'knots', fits the pronunciation, but the meaning is not apparent. The term llumanau 'banners, standards' The obscure

the form of the following adjective to be a plural, for other forms, see sub

-

may fit the pronunciation, but, again, the meaning 'black banners' seems unlikely, unless it is a figurative description of the rocks.

Craigsbio

-(SN 7 8 1 - 830)[craig + yshio] ;

[krajg 'spi·:l E.

Howells,

g rajg 'spi:l P.

Owen]

Pen Craig Yspio 1 827 Nanteos fpl. 275, Craig S pio 1 800Yz Nanteos :fpls . , Craig 'Sp1o OS 1 89 1 , Craig Ysbio OS 1 904, Craigspio 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 6

Craig-y-twlc -(SN 727-785) [craig + y + twlc] ; Craig y Twlc O S 1 891

1 06 7

(7 1 ) PERFEDD Crip-yr-esgair -(SN 797-846)[crip + yr + esgair] ; Grip yr Esgair c. 1 850map Perfedd, Crip yr Esgair OS 1 89 1 , Cribyresgair OS 1 904 Cripiau Cwmergyr -(SN 797-83 5) [cripiau + tn. Cwmergyr (71-a)]; [kr1pje Gw. Lewis, kripje'ste()va P. Owen] Crip Cwm Esgyr 1 747map L.Morris, Pen Trippau OS 1 834, Cripia OS 1 89 1 , Cripiau OS 1 904 "There are two other pools on the hills about a mile to the NE of 'Steddfa . . . by OS called Trippau Steddfa. " [ 1 875 E. Hanmer: 1 5] . Cwm Ceiro -(SN 755-822)[ cwm + hn. Ceiro ]; [kom'kejro J. J . Morgan] inf

Cwm Tynrhos -(SN 744-8 1 7) [ cwm + tn. Tynrhos (71 -a)] ; [kom,tm'hro:s J. B. Howells] inf

Dderw -(SN 770- 80 1 ) [y + derw]; Derw OS 1 89 1 , Dderw OS 1 904 Drawstrum -(SN 790- 8 1 1 )[y + traws + trum]; Y Draws Drim 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 332, Drim OOS 1 82 1 , Draws Drim OS 1 834, Draws Drim OS 1 89 1 , Draws Drum OS1 904 D rosgi -(SN 703-802)[y + trosgl] ; Drosgol 1 747map L.Morris, Bane Hafodau OS 1 89 1 Dmm-fawr -(SN 805-822)[y + trum + mawr] ; [drrm'vawr A Thomas] inf

Resgair -(SN 792-83 l)[yr + esgair] ; [resker P. Owen] inf

Esgairhelygen -(SN 778-807)[esgair + yr + helygen]; [v�xes'wen J. B. Howells] Lie Llyest y Vychess Wen yn Nant Ysgowne (E side of Nant FucheSl1len, d) 1 606 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Fuches Wen 1684/85 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Fyches Wen 1 689 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Vyches Wen 1 69 1 Cwrt­ mawr MSS, Cefen Yskir y Lygen 1 764 Nanteos :fpl. 3 32, Fechyswen 1 8 1 1 Nanteos fpls., Esgair Helygen O S 1 834, Cefn er Esgir Lygen 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Escir Lycen Sheepwalk 1 880 Att. Gen. vs. Bonsall (map), Fuches-wen OS 1 89 1 Esgairmaenllwyd -(SN 733 -823)[esgair + y + maen + llwyd]; Esgir Maen Llwyd 1 790sur map Esgaimaint -(SN 778-801 ) [ esgair + tn. Naint (71-a)]; Cefen Yskir Neint 1 764 Nanteos fpl. 332, Cefen Yskir Neint 1 8 1 8sur map, Esgair Neint OS1 834, Esgair Neint OS 1 89 1 , Esgair Naint OS 1 982 Fort -(SN 692-798)[E. fort] ; (c) Lleynie y Castell ? 1 666 Hendrefelen MSS, Fort OS 1 982 Near Ty-llwyd-ucha (71 -a). Ffrwdergyr -(SN 802-822)[ffrwd + hn. Ergyr]; [bla:n'fru:d (prox.) P. Owen] Ffrwd Ergyr OS 1 89 1 Ffrwdmerin -(SN 797-806)[ffrwd + hn. Merin]; [fru:d'merm Gw. Lewis, M. Griffiths, fru:dmi'herm J . B . Howells, fru:d P. Owen] Ffrwd Fyherin OS 1 89 1 , Ffrud Ferin OS 1 982 Ffynnonsaint -(SN 757-77 1 )[ffynnon + saint]; (c) Cae Ffynon Saint 1 984 R J. Moore-Colyer p.67 Gamlwyd -(SN 752-833)[y + earn + llwyd]; [beugar'lojd J. J. Morgan] Cam LlWyd OS 1 89 1 , Gam LlWyd OS 1 904, Gam Lwyd, standing stone OS 1 982 Glog -(SN 786- 8 1 1 )[y + clog] ; [glo:g , glo:g �'vagor J. B. Howells] Y Glog OS 1 834, Y Glog OS 1 89 1 Y Grafiau -(SN 746-790)[y + grafiau]; Y Grafie 1 988 J.H. Griffiths p. 1 Near Ty-powdr [inf. A Griffiths] . Graigddu -(SN 798-820)[y + craig + du]; [grajg ' 1 765b L.Morris p.22, Old Mine Work 1 788sur map, Bryn Llwyd OS 1 834, Bron-floyd Mine 1 874 A.Francis p.25, West Bronfloyd Mine, Bron-floyd Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Gwaith Bron-floyd (lead mine, disused) OS1 904, Gwaith Bron-floyd Mine (disused) OS 1 982, Bronfloyd 1985 R Burt et al. p.6, Bronfloyd 'ar dir Brynllwyd, a elwir yn lleol' Llechwedd-hen 1 992 D.Jenkins p.62, yng Ngwaith Bryn-llwyd neu Lechwedd-hen neu Glan'rafon 1 992 D. Jenkins p.71 Mine worked till l 892 [1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 74] . Bryn-mawr -(SN 694-845)[bryn + mawr]; Brynmawr 1 760CF, Bryn mawr 1 747map L.Morris, Bryn mawr 1 790sur map, Bryn mawr OS1 834, (c) Cefntrynmawr Road c. 1 850map Perfedd, Bryn-mawr OS 1 891 Brynmeurig -(SN 663-840)[bryn + tn. [Tre]feurig (e)]; [brm'mejrig E. & E. Hughes] Bryn-meirig OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-meurig O S 1 904 Brynteg -(SN 675-84 1 ) [bryn + teg]; Bryn-teg OS 1 891 Bryntirion -(SN 65 1 -840)[bryn + tirion]; Bryntirion OS 1 891 Consisting of eight houses, built after 1 84 1 [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 83]. Bwlch -(SN 701 -824)[bwlch]; [at,waj8�'bolz M Morgan, gwaj8�'bolz H. Lewis, E. & E. Hughes] Cumarvin 1 699map W.Waller, Bwlch Cwm Ervin 1 747map L.Morris, Bwlch Cwm Ervin 1 747 L.Morris p.48, Bwlch Cwmervin 1 755 in > 1 765b L.Morris p.22, Bwlch Cwm Ervin 1 756 L.Morris £ 3 8, Bwlch Erfm OOS 1 834, Bwlch-erfin O S 1 834, Bwlch United 1 8002/2 Nanteos fpls. , Bwlch Consols 1 874 AFrancis p.45, Bwlch Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , yng Ngwaith y Bwlch 1 902 WGaz. 1 46, Bwlch Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Bwlch Consols, Bwlch United (coiL) 1 922 O.T.Jones p.79, Hen Waith Mwyn y Bwlch 1 958 D.G.Jones p. l l , Bwlch Consolidated Mines 1 975 D.E.Bick p.39, Bwlch als. Bwlch Cwmervin 1 975 D.E.Bick p. 38, Bwlchcwmerfm 1 985 RBurt et al. p. l3 This was originally known simply as Cwmeifin in the seventeenth century [1 922 0. T. Jones: 74] . Bwlch-bach -(SN 704-832)[bwlch + bach]; [bolz'ba:z E. & E. Hughes] Bwlch bach OOS 1 834, Bwlch bach OS 1 834, Bwlch-bach OS 1 89 1 BwlchddeiWen -(SN 673-834)[tn. Bwlchdderwen (76-a)]; [bolz�'�erwen E. & E. Hughes] Bwlch-dderwen OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch y Dderwen OS1 982 b.bet. 1 843-91 [1 8431MS; OS1 89 1 ] ; The name seems an inappropriate description of its situation. My informant believed a family that had lived here had connections with Cwmceulan (76-b), the next valley to Bwlchdderwen (76-a), and that this site had a previous name [inf. H. Lewis]. Bwlchgwartheg -(SN 706-83 5)[bwlch + y + gwartheg]; [bulz'gwar8eg E. & E.Lewis] Bwlch-y-gwartheg OS 1 891 Bwlch New Cottage -(SN 701 -823)[tn. Bwlch (72-a) + E. new + cottage]; Bwlch New Cottage OS 1 891 Bwlchstyllen -(SN 730-862)[bwlch + yr + ystyllen]; [bolz'st�en E. Humphreys, E. Howells, bol'st�en E. Humphreys, pol'st*n M. Morgan] Ty-yn-y-Bwlch-Stullen 1 620-21 Gog. OS p. 38, Bwlch Ystyllen 1 721PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch y Ystyllen 1 722PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bwlch Ystellen c. 1 747 L.Morris p.568, Bwlch y Stellod 1 760map E.Bowen, Bwlch y Styllen 1 790sur map, Bwlch Ystyllen OOS 1 834, Bwlch Ystyllen OS 1 834, Bwlchystyllen 1 843TMS, Bwlch-ystyllen OS 1 89 1 , Bwlchstyllan 1 985 RBurt et a!. p. 1 4 There were barracks bariks nearby [inf E . Humphreys] ; abandoned as a dwelling in 1 928 [inf. E . Humphreys] . Cae-mawr -(SN 647-842)[cae + mawr]; [ka·'mawr inf ] Cae mawr OS 1 982 The site of this housing estate, as well as that of Maes Seilo (see sub Dolmasaleg, 72-a) and Garth (72-a) was covered by (cs57, 62) Llanfawr [ 1 843TMS] ; first house b. 1 960 [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 1 7] . Camdwr-mawr -(SN 748-874)[hn. Camdwr(ii) (+ mawr)] ; [kamdor E . Howells, kamdor'mawr Gw. Jenkins, E. James] 1075

(72) PERFEDD Camddwr 1 71 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Camdwrmawr 1 730 Cymerau MSS, Camddwr 1 741 Gwynfryn MSS , Camdwr mawr 1 747map L.Morris, Camddwr mawr 1 790sur map, Camddwr mawr 1 805PR Ysbyty-Cyn:fyn, Camdwr mawr OOS 1 834, Camdwr-mawr OS 1 834, Camddwr-mawr 1 843TMS, Camddwr-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Camdwr-mawr OS 1 904 Cf Camdwr-bach (76-a). Capel Cwmsymlog -(SN 697-848)[capel + tn. Cwmsymlog (72-a)] ; Cwmsymlog 1 843Rel cens. p. 545, Bap. Chap. (General) OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-symlog c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.28 1 , Capel OS 1 904, Chap. OS 1 982, Tabernacle 1 987 B.J.Rawlins p.70 b. 1 842-43 [ 1851 Rel cens.: 545; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 70] ; b. 1 860 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 70] ; b. 1 86 5 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall­ Tumer: 28 1 ] . Cefnmeurig -(SN 666-840) [cefn + tn. [Tre]feurig (e)]; Cefn-meurig O S 1 891 Celli-gogau -(SN 807-903)[celli + cogau] ; [gcli'go·ge E. Howells, gcli'goge T. Jones] Keilligegeu 1201 in 1 950 MC vol. 5 1 p. 1 73 , Kelly-gogey 1 20 1 {v. L 1 87 1 MC vol.4 p.297} , Llyest y Gellygoge 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p. 8, Gelli Gogau 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Lluest Gelli Gogau 1 747map L.Morris, Gelly Cogau 1 790sur map, Gelli Gogaw 1 803map J. Singer, Gelli-gogau O S 1 834, Gelli-gogau OS 1 89 1 "Erbyn heddiw nid oes yn aros yno ond adfeilion syml hen luest Gelli Gogau; ond rhwng y fagwyr a'r afon fe welir adfeilion neu balmentydd eraill helaeth bron mynd o'r golwg yn y gors. Tybed nad oes yno adfeilion rhyw luestau o gyfnod pan oedd coed y 'gelli' yn eu Hawn dwf a mwy o gysgod yno nag sydd ar hyn o bryd? Dim ond caib a rhaw all brofi hyn. " [ 1 966 c . Fychan: 249] . Ceunant -(SN 707-826)[ceunant] ; [kejnant H. Lewis, kejnant'isa E. & E. Hughes] Keunant 1 747map L.Morris, Cae Nant OOS 1 8 34, Cau-nant OS 1 834, Caenant 1 843 TMS, Ceunant OS 1 904 Clawddmelyn -(SN 679-846)[clawdd + melyn]; Clawdd Melyn 1 73 1 PR Llanbadam-fawr, Clawdd Melin 1 733PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Clawdd Melyn 1 747map L.Morris, Clawdd Melin 1 790sur map, Clawo Melin 1 796PR Llanbadarn, Clawdd Melyn OOS 1 834, Clawd Melin 1 843TMS, Clawdd-melyn OS 1 891 Near mountain boundary (clawdd-mynydd) [ 1 987 Tincer: 100] . Clawddmelyn-bach -(SN 677-849)[clawdd + melyn (+ bach)]; Clawdd Melyn OOS 1 834, Clawdd-melyn-bach OS 1 834, Clawd Melin bach 1 843TMS, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 Coedgruffudd -(SN 672-847)[coed + pn. Gruffudd] ; [k;>jd'gr�fi� K Lewis, k;>jt'kr�fi� D. Jenkins] Coed Grifftth 1 680PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Coed Gryffydd 1 73 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Coed Griffith 1 760CF, Coed Gruffydd 1 747map L.Morris, Coed Gryffit h 1 767PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Coed Gryffydd 1 778sur map, Coed Griffit h OOS 1 834, Coed-griffith OS 1 89 1 Cwmbwa -(SN 6 50-83 7)[cwm + bwa] ; [kum'bua K . Lewis] Vmmabowa 1 5 78map C. Saxton, i Gwm Bwa bach 1 5 87 in 1 934 G.J.Williams & E.J.Jones p. 1 88, Cwmbiago als. Cwmbwa 1 608-09 Gog. OS p. 49, Cwm y Bwa 1 650 EMWDS 39, Cwm y Bwa 1 652 in 1 747 L. Morris p.24, Cymbwa 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Bwa 1 687/88 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cwm Bwa, Cwm Bwa 1 698PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmbwa 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p. 8, Cwm Bwa 1 760map E.Bowen, Cwmbwr 1 788sur map, Cwm Bwa OOS 1 834, Cwn1-bwa OS 1 89 1 "In a line o f verse cited b y the professional poet Wiliam Cynwal some time before 1 587 . . . the house seems to be named Cwm Bwa Bach . . . " [ 1 992 R G. Gruffydd: 430-3 1 ] . If so it would seem that Cwmbwa was named after the fourteenth-century personage called Y Bwa bach or Y Bwa bychan, mentioned in the poems of Dafydd ab Gwilym (see 1 992 D. Jenkins p.3 5), Ebowa baghan 1 344 (Aberystwyth) [ 1 936 BBCS: 8.145] ; "Y Bwa Bychan, whose proper name was probably Cynfrig Cynin and whom Dafydd casts as the Jealous Husband par excellence in his love poetry (but always as Y Bwa Bach, not Y Bwa Bychan), was deputy to the reeve of the commote of Perfedd in 1 339-40 . . . On the Caxton (sic) and Speed maps of Cardiganshire Gogerddan and Cwmbwa are the only houses shown in the area . . . , and this strongly suggests that both at that time were centres of estates of some importance. " [ 1 992 R G. Gruffydd: 430-3 1 ] . A yew tree, good for bow making stood in Cae Ywen, between Peneberth and Cwmbwa [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 36] ; cf sub Bryncadarn (Bayvi1) [ 1 992 PN Pembs : 27] ; Penbrynbwa (4-b). Cwm-canol - (SN 693-837)[cwm (+ canol)]; [kum'kan;>l A. B. James] 1076

(72) PERFEDD Tyddyn-canol-yn-y-cwm-mesyn-glog

1 667 Gog. OS

p. 70,

Tythyn Canol yn Cwmsymblog c. 1 750

H.H.Hughes MS S , Cwm canol l 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm cannol OOS 1 834, Cwm-canol O S 1 834, Cae Glas + Cwm canol 1 843 TMS, Cwm-canol O S 1 89 1

Cwmerfm(i)

-(SN 693 -8 30)[cwm + hn. Erfin] ;

Cwm Ervin 1 5 5 3 Gogerddan MSS in 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 1 4, Tythyn Troed y Rhiw Heere Ynghwn Ervyn ? 1 6 1 3 Maes-newydd MSS , Cwrnerun 1 662 in 1 74 7 L.Morris p. 58, CymerfYn 1 679PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cymerfin

1 680PR Llanbadam-fawr,

Cwmervin

1 708PR Llanbadam-fawr,

Cwm

Erfyn

1 73 0PR

Llanbadarn-fawr, Comervin, Commervin, Cum Mervin, Cwmerun 1 747 L.Morris p. 47, Cwmervin 1 760CF, Cwmerfm ganol (prox.) 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Erfin 1 803map J. S inger, Cwmerfin 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Erfyn OOS 1 834, Cwm-erfm O S 1 834, Cwm-erfm O S 1 8 9 1 Not t o b e confused with

Bwlch (72-a) which was known a s Cwmeifin i n the seventeenth century. Lewis [1 755 in 1 907 J. H. Davies: 362--63] thought it was eifyn 'tool', and it referred to mining tools, and compared the hydronyms Cleddau, Gwain (sic). R. J. Thomas thought it referred to a personal-name Eifyn, found as E1min [ 9th cent Chad 4: xlv). It could also feasibly be the personal-name Merjjm, a supposition held by whoever named Mervyn House in Cwmerjin(ii) (72-a) [ 1 958 D. G. Jones: 1 5] ; c£ OCpn. Me�men, My�men [10th_1 1 �ent. Bodm.Manu.] . CWMERFIN(ii) -(SN 698- 829)[tn. Cwmerfm (72-a)] ; [kom'crvm P . Davies] Morris

Cwm-erfm OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Merfyn 1 925 WGaz. 25/06/25, Cwmerfyn OS 1 982

Cwmerfm-fach

-(SN 696-828)[cwm + hn. Erfin (+ bach) ] ;

[gwaj8,kom'ervm E.

& E. Hughes]

Cwm Ervin 1 745 L. Morris in 1 947 H. Owen vol. 1 p. 1 49, Cwm Ervin vach 1 747map L.Morris, Cwm Ervin vach 1 75 6 L. Morris £ 3 8, Cwmervin vach 1 75 5 in >1 765b L.Morris p. 22, Cwm Erfyn bach OOS 1 834, Bwlch Erfin (sic) 1 843TMS , Cwmerfm Mine 1 874 A. Francis p.44, Cwm-erfin Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-erfm Mine (disused) O S 1 904, ar Waith Cwmerfyn-fach 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 62, i Waith Cwmerfyn 1 992 D . Jenkins p. 1 5 There was a ti'powdor ( SN 697-829), vol.8fac. p.2 1 8] . Cwm-isa -(SN 68 1 -835) [cwm ( + isaf)] ;

and an

evel

[inf

H. Lewis];

map of leat to

Cwmeifinf"ach [ 1 977 CER:

Cwm Symlog 1 747sur map L. Morris p . 3 6, Cwm issaf 1 809PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwrnsumlog issaf 1 809PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm issa 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Symlog OOS 1 834, Cwm-isaf OS 1 8 3 4, Cwm Symlog isaf, Cwmsymlog issa 1 843 TMS , Cwm-isaf 0S 1 89 1

Cwmsebon

-(SN 684-830) [cwm + y + sebon] ;

[kom'seb:m

A B. James, H . Lewis,

gwaj8,kum'seb:m

A B.

James] (hn.) Nant y Sebon 1 55 3 Gogerddan MSS in 1 99 2 D. Jenkins p. 1 4, Rewe-yr-sebon 1 599-1 600 Gog. OS p. 3 0, Cwmsebon 1 756 L.Morris £ 3 9, Cwm Sebon Mine 1 747map L.Morris, Cwrnsebon, 'later called' South Darren Mine 1 834-66 Gogerddan (lead) MSS p.4, S outh Darren Mine 1 874 A.Francis p . 43 , S outh Daren Mine (silver, lead, copper) OS 1 89 1 , South Daren Mine (disused) O S 1 904, Thomas United 1 922 O.T. Jones p. 1 49, South Daren O S 1 974 Geol. map, Gwaith Cwrnsebon 1 98 8 Tincer n. 1 06, South Darren 1 992 D . Jenkins p.70 This name seems to refer to the little tributary of the river the accompanying dingle. The

sebon

Eifin,

that runs past

Tan-y-chwarel (72-a),

and

may allude to soapstone or steatite, for there was a place called

Garreg Sebon 'He oedd merched yn golchi dillad yng Nghwrnsebon' ( 1 991 Tincer: 143) .

Y

Another possibility is

that the stream was likened to one full of soap-suds: " Tybed ai d\Vr y nant yn ffrydio'n drochion dros wely caregog a barodd i rywun ei galw'n 'nant y sebon' ?" [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 4] ; cf Sebonig (SH 59-20, Tal-y-bont, Mers.), probably a stream-name in origin. After a spectacular discovery of ore at Cwmsebon [ 1 977 CER: 8.217] , a leat was completed in the 1 840s by John Horridge, which brought water from the Eleri near Craigpistyll (73-b) at SN 7 1 3 - 8 5 5 [ 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 8-9]; length of c. 1 4 miles [1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 74] ; a higher leat b. 1 852> [ 1 977 CER: 8.220]; John Taylor and Sons extended the leat in 1 850 ( 1 993 T. Carr & A Schone: 8-9]; leat to Cwmsebon shown [ 1 977 CER vol.8fac.p.218] . Cwmsymlog -(SN 697-8 3 8) [cwm + ? mwswn + -1 + -og] ; [kum's�mbg P . Davies] Cwmswmlogg 1 654 EMWDS 47, Cansomloch 1 65 8 in 1 96 1 CER vol.4 p. 1 28, Comsomelock 1 662 in 1 747 L. Morris p. 58, Cym S\\lllllog 1 678PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Coornsumblock 1 698 in 1 747 L.Morris p. 60, Curnsumlog 1 699map W. Waller, Cwmsumblock, Cumsumlock 1 699 W. Waller p. 6, Cwmswmlog c. 1 700

H.H.Hughes MSS

Llanbadarn-fawr,

Cwm

p. 1 5 ,

Cwmswmlog

Myssymlog

1 720PR Llanbadarn-fawr,

1 73 3PR

1077

Llanbadarn-fawr,

Cwm Symlog

Consumblock,

1 73 2PR

Comsomluck,

(72) PERFEDD Comesomelock 1 747 L.Morris p.47, Cwmsumlog 1 760CF, Cwm Symlog 1 803map J. Singer, Cwm­ symlog (sic loc. ?) OS 1 834, Cwmsymlog 1 841 cens. , Cwmsymlog OS 1 982 The name Cwmsymlog may be derived from a variant of the local mwswm 'moss' (earliest form mwsswng 1 546 [GPC s.v. mwswm] ) with an epithetic [-I] (perhaps derived in emulation of the nW. mwsogl moss ). The form of Abercwmsymlog (72-a) of 1 667, viz Aber-y-Cwm-Mesynglog makes this etymology possible. The loss of the pre-stress syllable by the mid seventeenth century is probable, witness the forms of various streams named Helygnant (d) already showing loss of initial by c. 1 600; cf Ochifwsoglog (Llanllechid, Caems.) [ 1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 33]. Cwmsymlog Anns - (SN 678-835)[tn. Cwmsymlog (72-a) + E. arms] ; [daren'vda E. & E. Hughes] Cwm-symlog Arms (P. H.) OS 1 89 1 , Darren Villa OS 1 982, Y Cwmsymlog Arms, 'now' Darren Villa 1 992 D. Jenkins pp. 95, 1 04 Cwrt-y-ffansi -(SN 634- 837)[cwrt + y + ffansi] ; [kurt'vda D. Jenkins] Cwrt y Fansi 1 84 1 cens., Court By Fancy 1 88 1 in 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 95, Caught By (als. My) Fancy 1 92426 CSRLS 55, Court Villa 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 8 1 "Mewn sgwrs a'r awdur ym 1 937 adroddodd Syr Lewis T . Loveden Pryse mai'r traddodiad teuluaidd oedd i ymwelydd o heliwr sylwi ar y tY pan oedd ar fm ei orffen, a phan ddychwelodd i'r Plas gofynnodd yn frwdfrydig What are you going to call that house up the road? It quite caught my fancy'. Felly, meddai Syr Lewis, fel 'caught my fancy' y cyfeirid ato gan deulu'r Plas. I Gymry uniaith aeth 'caught' ar lafar yn 'court', a 'myfancy' yn 'byJaney'," [1 992 D. Jenkins: 8 1 ] . Darren Bank -(SN 673-83 1 ) [tn. Darren (69-a) + E. bank] ; [daren'haiJk A . B. James, E . & E. Hughes, K. Lewis] Daren Bank OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 843-91 [ 18431MS; OS189 1 ] . DOimasaleg -(SN 647-841 )[dol + hn. Masaleg] ; [do·lmajs'ejb K Lewis] Dol y Maes Heulog OOS 1 834, Dolmaeselli 1 84 l cens. , (c) Dol Maes Saleg 1 91 5 in T. G.Jones p. 5 1 , Dolmaes Silo 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 5, Dolmaeseilo 1 980 Tincer n. 1 09, Maes Seilo (prox. ) OS 1 982, Dol­ maes-saleg, Dol-maes-seilo 1 992 D.Jenkins p.41, Dolmaeseilo 1 993 D.Jenkins p. 36 The name Maes Seilo has been given to the adjoining housing estate (SN 648-841). "Yn ol hen wraig o Benrhyn Coch, oedd bedair blynedd yn ol dros ei phedwar ugain, yr oedd gerllaw'r pentref hwnnw ddol a elwid 'Dol Maes Saleg' pan oedd hi'n blentyn. " [ 1 9 1 5 T. Gw. Jones: 5 1] . The original river-name Masaleg was understood as Maesaleg, it would seem that this form became understood as *Maeshalog, subsequently becoming 'improved' to Maesheulog 'sunny field', for similar developments, cf Ffoshalog (33-a), Dolhalog (45 a) The elision of fmal [ g] from Maesheulog - a phenomenon not unknown in place-names - would have given *Maesheulo, with this being mistakenly analysed as Maes Seilo. Whilst the phonetic transfo rmation from heulog to Seilo is regular enough in the above context, the replacement of a well­ understood element such as heulog by a non-existent Nonconformist chapel name such as Seilo seems irregular (perhaps the Biblical name was suggested by the transformation of the adjacent river Masalegs into Salem), though it best explains the apparition of the river-name Seilo at the end of the nineteenth century. Interestingly enough, whilst Dolmasaleg referred to the river Masaleg to the N, its close proximity (judging by the location of the present-day housing estate ofMaes Seilo) to another river to the s enabled the evolved variant of the name to be understood as referring to that river, whence the extraction of Seilo from that name to be given to the lower reaches of the Elfin river. The name Maesaleg has been given to a modem house opposite Dolmasaleg [inf D. Jenkins] . Dolwen -(SN 640-840)(dol + gwen]; Dolwen OS 1 982 Drosgi -(SN 766-884)[y + trosgl] ; [ti·'dr:)Sk:)l E. James, dr:)sk;,l E. Humphreys] Lluest y Drosgl 1 747map L.Morris, Lluest y Droscol 1 747 L.Morris p.50, Drosgol 1 843TMS, Drosgol OS 1 8 9 1 Edir -(SN 653-841 )[ ? ]; Edir O S 1 982 Eglwys Penrhyncoch -(SN 643 -841)[eglwys + tn. Penrhyncoch (72-a)] ; St. John's Church OS 1 89 1 , Eglwys Penrhyn-coch 1 980 Tincer n.25, Eglwys Sant loan 1 98 1 Tincer n40, Ch O S 1 982, S ant loan y Difmydd 1 992 D.Jenkins p. l 03 Consecrated 1 4/06/1 8 8 1 (1 992 D. Jenkins: 103], but already in 1 842 a Friendly Society was begun in Penrhyncoch, called St. John 's Lodge in the Farmers Arms. "Mae'n bur debyg mai mabwysiadu'r enw hwn '

-

.

-

1 078

'

(72) PERFEDD a wnaed pan gysegrwyd yr eglwys leol ymron ddeugain mlynedd yn ddiweddarach. " made a parish in 1 90 1 [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 1 9] .

Elford -(SN 679-836)[E. tn.

[ 1 992 D. Jenkins:

1 06] ;

Elford] ;

Elford OS 1 982

Fagwyrlas - (SN c. 777-883)[y + magwyr + glas] ; Nant y Fagwyr Las 1 790sur map On lower side of road

Y Ficrej

[inf E. Howells] . [�'vrkred3 K.

-(SN 6 38-83 8)[y + ficrej];

Lewis]

Fair View OS 1 89 1 , Fair View OS 1 904, The Vicarage OS 1 982 See sub

Garth

Tynrhelyg (72-a).

-(SN 649-842) [garth] ;

(c12) Garth fach, (cs13-14) Cae r Garth isaf, Cae r Garth uchaf, 1 788map Rhosgoch, Garthgoch 1 84 1 cens . , Garth-penrhyn-coch OS 1 89 1 , a'r Garth 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 78, Garth-isaf

+

Garth-uchaf 1 992 D. Jenkins

p. 83 Two rows of sixteen houses

[1 992 D. Jenkins: 83 ] .

The situation of Garth is inappropriate to its meaning as

'detached hill', perhaps garth originally referred to

Gaer (72-b),

some 1km to the

E.

Ger-y-llan -(SN 642-842) [ger + y + llan] ; (c81 ) Cae newydd 1 843TMS, Ger-y-llan O S 1 982 A housing estate.

Glanrafon

-(SN 65 8-8 3 7) [glan + yr + afon] ;

[glan'rav:m E.

& E. Hughes,

g la'rav:m K.

Lewis]

Glan'r Afon 1 747map L.Morris, Glan-yr-avon 1 78 8sur map, Glan'rafon OOS 1 834, Glan r Afon O S 1 834, Glan-yr-afon O S 1 89 1 , Glan'rafon 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 83

Glanceulan

-(SN 643 - 843 ) [glan + ceulan] ;

[glaiJ'kejlan K.

Lewis]

[glan'stewi K

Lewis]

Glanceulan OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Glanseilo -(SN 648-840)[glan + hn.

Seilo ] ;

Glan Seilo O S 1 982

Glanstewi -(SN 644-842)[glan + hn.

Stewi];

Glanstewi OS 1 982

Gloster -(SN

63 7-83 9) [E. tn. Gloucester

[Hall]

(Oxford)];

[gl;:,st�r, pla:s'gwm D .

Jenkins]

Glocester Haul 1 696PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gloster Hall 1 7 1 8PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gloster Hal1 1 747map L.Morris, Gloucetter Hall Farm 1 787map R.Davis, Glocester Hall OOS 1 823 , Gloucester Hall O S 1 834, Gloucester Hall OS 1 89 1 , Plas Gwyn O S 1 982 If this was a mansion of some kind, it had ceased to be one by 1 787 [ 1 787map appearances of an ordinary farm. The original

Gloucester Hall

R. Davis]

when it has all the

was a monastic institution in the suburbs

in 1 283 for the maintenance of the Benedictine monks of the abbey of Gloucester A branch of the Pryses of Gogerddan lived at Painswick (Gloucs.) [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 80] . This had been the house of the agent of the Gogerddan estate [inf D. Jenkins] . It was renamed Plasgwyn in 1 96 1 ( 1 992 D. Jenkins: 80) . Gloster Cottages -(SN 63 5-837)[tn. Gloster (72-a) + cottages]; of Oxford, endowed

[1693 Monasticon: 1 .67] .

Gloucester Cottages OS 1 8 91 , Tai'r Gloucester 1 992 D . Jenkins p. 85, Gloucester Cottages, 'then' Gogerddan Cottages, 'then' a'r Bungalows 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 8 1

Glynhelyg

-(SN 658-844) [glyn + helyg] ;

Glyn Helig OOS 1 834, Brinhelyg, Fronhelyg ? 1 84 1 cens., Tyn r Helig ? 1 843TMS, Glyn-helyg OS 1 891 The 1 89 1 OS map often slavishly copied the 1 834 map without any checks being carried out.

Gochelfodd i -(SN 69 1 - 828) [gochel + boddi] ; [g ox;el'v;:,m H. Lewis] in£ Existent [ 1 788sur map] . Gocheldwmlo -(SN 69 1 -827)[gochel + twnuo] ; [gox;el'dumb, gejaH H.

Lewis]

Tan-y-gell OS 1 89 1 , Tan-y-geuallt OS 1 904,

Gochelgwympo

-(SN 692-825) [gochel + cwympo ];

[gox;el'gomp:l E.

Humphreys, H. Lewis]

Pen-y-gell OS 1 834, Pen-y-gell 1 843TMS, Pen�y-gell O S 1 89 1 , Pen y 1 84 1 cens. , Pen�y-geuallt OS 1 904,

Gochel Gwympo

B. G. Charles p . 1 64

1 079

Gill OOS 1 8 34, Pengenyrallt

1 924-26 CSRLS 5 5 ,

Gochel Gwmpo

1 992

(72) PERFEDD Cf Pengoedlath (70-b). Gogerddan -(SN 628-836)[go- + cerdd + -an]; [go'ger6an E. & S. Edwards] (hn. ) Gogerthan 1 28 1 CalChartR p.28 1 , (hn.) Goerthan 1 284 CaliM vol. l p.387, Gogerthan 1 570 Bronwydd MSS, Gogirthan 1 578map C. Saxton, i Gogerddan c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 3 6, Gogerdhan c. l 600 S.D.Rhys p. l 44, Gogarthan 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.46 1 , Ogerddan c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 1 7, Gogerdden c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 2 p.23, i Ogerddan >1667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Gogarthan 1 692 Bronwydd MSS , Gogerddan 1 693PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gogarthen 1 699map W.Waller, Gogerdhan 1 707 E.Lhuyd subscription list, Gogarth Ann 'Castell Ann nearby' c. 1 757 L.Morris p.203, o Ogerddan 1 759 L.Morris in 1 909 J.H.Davies p. 1 28, Gogerthan 1 803map J. Singer, Gogerddan OOS 1 823, Gogerddan OS 1 834, Gogerddan OS 1 891, The Welsh Plant Breeding Station (Bridfa Blanhigion Cymru) OS 1 982 The first instance of this name seems to point to it being a hydronym (the old name of Masaleg), if this is correct it only later became specifically associated with this site, cf Certenhin Avon (unloc.) [ c . l 25 0 BBC : 39], is a hydronym with cerdd- as root, cf. also hn. Cerdin. S. D. Rhys (c. l600: 1 44] gave the etymology as Gogobh Erdhan, 'and in short' Gogerdhan, from a giant who lived in a cave called Erdhan or Gerdhan Gawr; Gogerddan was supposed to contain the f pn. Ann, and the nearby Castell Ann (i. e. Broncastellan, 7 3 a) was compared [c. l 757 L. Morris: 203] . Needless to say both the above are pure popular etymologies; see 1 868 B. Williams p.206. I. Williams ( 1 927 BBCS: 3 . 1 28-3 1 ] had compared Gogerddan to a MW . gogerdd, which he interpreted as 'bank, slope', which he found in the I.tn. Focherd (E. Faughard, Co. Louth), subsequently I. Williams noted [1 92S BBCS: 4. 138-39] : " . . . gofynnais yn y Bulletin ddwy :flynedd yn 61, tybed a oedd Gogerddan yn golygu 'bank'. Bum yno yr haf diwethaf, a gwelais fod Plas Gogerddan, ger Aberystwyth, wedi ei adeiladu yn deg ar Ian afon! Llifa afon go nerthol heibio i'w gefn o fewn ychydig droedfeddi i'w furiau. Ni allesid meddwl am enw addasach. Cadarnha hyn mai 'bank' yw Gogerdd hefYd. " The term gogerdd was derived from cerdd 'walk', and I. Williams compared W. gwaered 'slope', derived from rhed 'run', and the idea in the English expression " land 'running' down". Perhaps lJl'lialcen (pl. gwalciau) 'bank, step, drop, sharp little slope' derived from E. walk. I. Williams [ 1 945 : 24] later explained gogerdd as "fath o 'step' . . . terrace". There are at least two other similar names elsewhere: Gogerddan (Garthbeibio, Monts.), Cwmgogerddan (SN 67-36, Crug-y-bar, Carms.). Thus I. Williams [ 1 945 : 24] viewed Gogerddan as a diminutive of MW. gogerdd is found in a number of names which have developed under the influence of garth into Gogarth. J. Lloyd-Jones [ 1 928: 87] discussing the name Gogarth (Caerns ), noted the fourteenth-century form Gogerth, and concluded: "Tebig, fodd bynnag, nad oes a wnel yr enw ddim a'r geiriau earth na garth, ond mai certh ydyw'r ail ran ohono . . . . Felly 'pur amlwg' a fai'r ystyr. Troir e yn a yn aml iawn o flaen r yn y Gymraeg a'r Saesneg. Cymh. sain e yn clerk, Derby, Chenvell. Yr hen enw ar y mynydd ydoedd Cyngreawdyr Fynydd. " [ 1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 87]. I. Williams [ 1 945: 24] explained Gogarth (SH 76-82, Llandudno, Caems.) as a development of an original Gogerdd, which had reference to its site, a topographical 'terrace' between the sea and the imposing heights of the Great Orme. There is another Gogarth (SN 67-98, Tywyn, Mers.), Gogerth [1 762 Gwynfryn MSS], and it can be argued that this site also lies on a topographical 'terrace'; cf Cilgerddan (SN 75-26, Llanddeusant, Carms.). I. Williams [ 1 945: 24] also interpreted another toponymic term cerlan 'bank' as a composite of cerdd + glan. For history of Gogerddan family see 1 91 2 Cymru vol.43 p. l l l . The mansion was sold in 1 952 [1 992 D. Jenkins: 75] 1 950 [ 1 993 D. Jenkins: 3] - to the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth to become a plant breeding station. Note the adjoining twelfth-century Anglo-French castle at Pen-y-castell (69-b). Gwaith-yr-afon -(SN 690-839)[gwaith + yr + afon] ; West Cwmsymlog 1 874 A.Francis p.40, Gwaith yr Afon Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Gwaith yr Afon Mine (disused) OS1 904, Gwaithyrafon als. The River-work 1 922 O.T.Jones p.73, West Cwmsymlog, Gwaithyr Afron OS 1 974 Geol. map, OS 1 974 Geol. map, West Cwmsymlog, Cwmsymlog United, River Mine 1 976 D.E. Bick p. 1 9, Gwaith yr Mon 1 98 8 J.H.Griffiths p.27 Gwaith Bronfeurig -(SN 666-837) [gwaith + tn. Bronfeurig (72-a)] ; Fron Ffirog 1 8002/z Nanteos fpls., East Bron:floyd 1 98 5 R.Burt et a!. p. 7, Tip (dis) OS1 982 Gwaith Bwlchstyllen -(SN 73 1 -862)[gwaith + tn. Bwlchstyllen (72-a)L Bwlchstellyn Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. l 3, Bwlchystellyn Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 5, Bwlch-ystyllen Mine (lead, disused) OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch Ystyllen 1 976 D. E.Bick p.45, Baracs Bwlchstyllen (prox. ) 1 984 Papur Pawb n. 1 03 Gwaith Camdwr-mawr -(SN 75 1 -877)[gwaith + tn. Camdwr-mawr (72-a)] ; -

.

1 080

(72) PERFEDD Mineworks 1 790sur map, Camdwr rnawr Mine Works, Powder Magazine (prox.) c. 1 8 50map Perfedd, Camdwr mawr Mine 1 874 A. Francis p. l 3 , Lead Mine O S 1 89 1 , Lead Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Gwaith Bryn-yr-afr als. (sic) Gwaith y Camdwr 'as it was called' 1 94 5> D . Jones p. 22, Gwaith Mwyn Plwm Camdwr 1 966 J.M.Davies p. 42, Camdwrmawr O S 1 974 Geol. map, Gwaith Camddwr, Gwaith Camddwr

I 976 Papur Pawb n.20, Great Cwmdwr 1 98 5 R Burt et al. Brynrafi· (72-a). Gwaith Cerrygrwyn -(SN 683-83 5) [gwaith + tn. Cerrygrwyn (72-b)J ; mawr

p. 1 7

Cf

Cerrig yr Wyn Mines, S mithy 1 747sur map L.Morris p . 3 6, Cerrig

yr Wyn Lead & S ilver Mine, New

Smithy 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 3 8 , Cerigyrwyn Mine 1 922 O . T . Jones p.73, Cerigyrwyn OS 1 974 Geol. map, Ceregwynon 1 985 R Burt et al. Gwaith Ceunant -(SN 707-826) [gwaith + tn

p. 2 1 Ceunant

(72-a)];

Keunant 1 747 L.Morris p. 52, Caenant Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 46, Ceunant Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Caenant 1 8002/2map Min.Dist. , Ceunant Mine (disused) OS 1 904

"An old Roman rake which is supposed to be on the common" [ 1 747 L. Morris: 52 ] Gwaith Cwmsymlog -(SN 698-837) [gwaith + tn. Cwmsymlog (72-a)] ; [gwaj9,kom's;:,mbg A .

B. James] Kwm Sumloche 1 665 in 1 923 K. Carpenter p. 1 0 1 , Comsumlucke 1 7thcent. in 1 978 Tincer n. 1 0, 'Come­ some-luck' 1 7t11cent. J.Pettus in 1 992 D . Jenkins p.49, Coomsumblock, Consamloch, Consyrnloch 1 7thcent. in 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 49, Cwmsymlog 1 745 L. Morris in 1 947 H. Owen vol. l p. 1 49, The Old Mine 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 27, Ty'r Gof,

yn

Nhy Gof Cwmsymlog 1 756 L. Morris in 1 949 H. Owen

p. 8 82, Cwmsymlog Mineworks 1 790sur map, East Darren Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 39, East Daren Mine (lead) O S 1 89 1 , East Daren Mine (disused) OS 1 904, East Darren als. Cwmsymlog 1 922 O. T.Jones p.64, East Daren OS 1 974 Geol. map, East Darren 1 976 D.E.Bick p. 22, Mines (dis), Shafts (dis), Mine (dis)

et al. p. 3 3 , Gwaith y Cwm 1 992 D. Jenkins p . 67 Blaencwmsymlog, 72-a) [ 1 747sur map L. Morri s: 27] ; became known as East Darren under John Taylor and Sons, who came to Cardiganshire after 1 836 [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 69; 1 993 T. Carr & A Schone: 28] ; called East Darren from 1 8 50 [1 977 CER: 8.220] ; Stamping Mill, Washing Place [ 1 747sur map L. Morris: 56-57] ; (cs) Rerw 's Shaft, Taylor's Shaft, Loveden's Shaft, Shaft Las, Shaft y Ddraenen, Shaft Wen [ 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog] ; Skinner's Shaft, sunk about 1 850 [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 69]; worked till 1 901 [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 69] ; fed with water from from the Cwmsebon (72a) leat; map of leat to Gwaith Cwmsymlog [ 1 977 CER: vol.8fac. p.21 8] . The mine also included upper Gwaith Cwmsymlog above the pond (SN 702-838); (cs) Shaft y Ddial, Skinner's Shaft, Shaft Goch [1 800¥2map Blaencv>vmsymlog] ; see sub Tji-Sil (50-a). Gwaitb Glam·afon -(SN 660-835) [gwaith + tn. Glanrafon (72-a)] ; [gwaje ,gla'rav:m E. & E. Hughes] O S 1 982, East Darren 1 985 R Burt "On the freehold" (as opposed to

North Bronfloyd Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 27, Glan'rafon 1 992 D.Jenkins pp. 49,71 " The nineteenth century operations [at Brynllwyd] were concentrated in the valley bottom, " [ 1 994

D. E.

Bick & P. W. Davies: 74] . Gwaith Llechwedd-hen -(SN 662-8 3 5 )[gwaith + tn. Llechwedd-hen (72-a)] ; Llechweddhen als. Alma 1 922 O. T . Jones p. 1 44, Llechweddhen O S 1 974 Geol. map, Llechwydden 1 985 R Burt

et al.

p. 64

Craigpistyll (73-b) to Gwaith Llechwedd-hen, Jenkins: 72]; map of leat [ 1 977 CER: vol.8fac. p.21 8] . Gwarcaeau -(SN 659- 842)[gwar + y + caeau] ; A leat from

extended in 1 840s to Llynconach

Gwar-caeau OS 1 89 1 , Columbia OS 1 982

Gwarffin -(SN 678-842) [gwar + y + ffm] ; Gwar-ffin OS 1 89 1 , Gwar-ffin 0Sc. 1 950, Gwarffyn OS 1 982 The .!fin was that between unenclosed mountain and enclosed freeholds. Gwargerddi -(SN 669-843) [gwar + y + gerddi] ; Gwargerddi OS 1 982

Gwar-rhos -(SN 697-83 5) [gwar + y + rhos]; [gwar'hro:s H.

Lewis]

Gwar-rhos OS 1 89 1

Gwaungorlan

-(SN 706-833) [gwaun + y + corlan];

[wajn'g :>rlan H .

Waun y Gorlan 1 84 1 cens . , Waen-gorlan O S 1 891

Yr Helfa-las -(SN 75 1 -8 56) [yr + helfa + glas] ;

108 1

Lewis]

(78-b) [ 1 992 D.

(72) PERFEDD 'dairy house in' Yr-Helva 1 62 1-22 Gog. OS p. 26, Tythyn yr Helva 1 707 Mostyn MS 1 459-6 1 , Tythyn ir

Helva 1 724 Mostyn MS 1 471 , Lluest Helfa Las 1 747map L.Morris, Fagwyr isaf, Buches yr Helfa, Old Walls (prox. ) 1 790sur map, Lliastyrhe1fa 1 83 1 Cymerau MSS C£ Clap-yr-helfa (70-b).

Hengwm-annedd -(SN 798-893) [hen + cwm (+ annedd)] ; [heugum'ane6 E. Howells, Gw. Jenkins] Lluest fach Hengwm ? 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Hengwm fach ? 1 784 Gogerddan rent-book in 1 966 C.Fychan p.26 1 , Hengwm 1 803map J. Singer, Hengwm-annedd OS 1 834, Hengwm c. 1 850map Perfedd, Hengwm-annedd OS 1 891 , Hyddgen (sic) OS 1 834 The annedd is said to have distinguished this Hengwm from Hengwm Gyfeiliog (Mont'>.) [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.434] ; however the burden of annedd 'inhabitation' may have been as specifier to contrast with the nearby Hen-Hengwm (72-a), which sounds reasonable enough as annedd is only attested as late as 1 834. The order is contrary to that expected for a noun as specifier in Welsh, namely *Annedd Hengwm. C. Fychan [1966: 248] adds Parry to the 1 747map L. Morris form, this was not part of the name, but simply the tenant or owner's surname, which immediately followed the toponym. The -newydd in Lluest-newydd (SN 796-895, Monts.) which adjoins Hengwm-annedd is in opposition to the Lluest-fawr and Lluest-fach at Hengwm-annedd. Hen-Hengwm -(SN 795-89 1 ) [hen + tn. Hengwm[-annedd] (72 -a)] ; Hengwm 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Lluest fawr Hengwm 1 747map L.Morris, HengWm. 1 790PR Ysbyty­ Cynfyn, Hengwm 1 792PR Y sbyty-Cynfyn, Henhengwm c. 1 850map Perfedd

Horeb -(SN 650-84 1 ) [Bibl.tn. Horeb]; [h:lreb K. Lewis] Capel OS 1 834, Chapel, (c54) Cae Cappel 1 843TMS, Horeb 1 85 1Rel cens. p. 543, Baptist Chapel (Particular) OS 1 89 1 , Penrhyncoch c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.28 1 , Capel Horeb OS 1 904, Horeb 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 9 b. 1 788-89 [1851Rel cens . : 543; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 281 ; 1 992 D. Jenkins: 95] ; reb. 1 8 1 7-1 8 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 69; 1 992 D. Jenkins: 97 ] ; reb. 1 856 [ 1992 D. Jenkins: 95 , 97] ; lease of 99 years of ground for a meeting house on Penbanc land (72-a) [ 1 837 Maes-newydd MSS] ; denom. B . Horeb Villa -(SN 650-84 1 ) [tn Horeb (72-a) + E. villa] ; Horeb Villa OS 1 982

Leflgopr -(SN 680-83 3 ) [ lefl + copr]; [level'g:lp:lr A B. Jones, E. 'g :lp:lr A B. James]

& E. Hughes,

level'g:lp:lr H. Lewis, evel

Cwm y Darren Mine 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 36, Cwm y Darren 1 747map L.Morris, Smithy Level 1 788sur map, Cerig-yr-wyn (sic) OS 1 834,

(c305) Cae Rhwgwn DWt- 1 843TMS , Cwm Darren Mine 1 874

AFrancis p.41, Cwm-Daren OS 1 891 , Gwaith Mwyn Cwm Darren 1 909 CAST vol. 1 p. 60, Level Gopor als. The Copper Level 1 922 O . T . Jones p. l 34, Gwaith Cwm Darren 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 50 It is probable that

of Penringsen

cwm here refer to the "antient open rake" ( 1 747sur map L. Morris : 36] on the northern side (72-b); locally kum'daren refers to the valley [inf. H. Lewis, E. & E. Hughes].

Llechweddhelyg -(SN 682-847)[1lechwedd + yr + helyg] ; The Lead Mine of Clawdd Melyn 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 29, Clawdd Melyn 1 756 L.Morris £ 3 8,

(cs32122) Llechweddalog 1 843TMS, Willow Lawn 1 846 in 1 992 D .Jenkins p. 90, Willow Bank 1 800¥2 Nanteos fpls., Llechweddhaleg, Llechweddhelig 1 874 A.Francis p. 24 'one of the Vaughan mines', Llechwedd­ helyg Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Llechwedd-helyg Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Llechwedhelig 1 985 R.Burt p.64, Willow Bank 1 98 5 RBurt

et al.

et al. p . 8 9

" . . . a n encroachment, taken in fr o m the common o f Perveth. I This encroachment hath been made beyond

the memory of man. "

[1747 L. Morris: 29 ] . Llechwedd-hen -(SN 662-834) [llechwedd + hen] ; [iexwd'i'he:n E .

& E. Hughes,

Y Llether Hen ? 1 54 1 -42 Gogerddan MS S in 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 3 9,

tferi,tri·'farm K Lewis] (c) Llechwedd Hen ? 1 606-07

Gog. OS pp. 82-83, Llechwedd Hen 1 747map L.Morris, Llechwedd Hen 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 9, Llechwedd Hen 1 783PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llechweo Hen 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llechwedd Hen OOS 1 834, Llechwedd-hen OS 1 834, Llechwedd-hen OS 1 89 1 The English alias was given by an English woman who bought the place after 1 945. The similarity o f

llethr and llechwedd, both meaning 'slope', makes the identification o f the 1 54 1 -42 form with Llechwedd� hen feasible. Llety-caws -(SN 698-826)[llety + yr + caws] ; [ieti'kaws M Williams, E. & E. Hughes]

1 082

(72) PERFEDD Lletty'r Caws Duon 1 747map L.Morris, Lletty r Caws 1 779PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lletty Caws Duon 1790sur map, Lletty Caws 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lletty-caws OS 1 891 D. Jenkins [ 1 992: 1 5 ] wonders whether caws 'cheese' hides cawsai (+- ME. cause) 'causeway', referring to a handy path from Goginan over the gap to Cwmeifin. The loss of a plural is fairly common before a disyllabic element, cf Dolceuon (61 -a) +- Dolau-ceuon. If cawsai was indeed the original term, the plural form of the adjective is likely to have been a reanalysis of an original *cawsai ddu 'black causeway'; cf Sarnau (73-a) which originally had an identical meaning to that proposed for this place, viz. Samddu 'black causeway'. Since we have by the plural form of the adjective du, the term caws means 'cheeses', rather than 'cheese'. Llety-sbens -(SN 700-827)[llety + yr + sbens ? ]; [kti'spe:ns E. Humphreys, M. Williams, E. & E. Hughes] Lletty Spence 1 790sur map, Llettyrspencer 1 81 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Letty'r Spence 1 828PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lletty Spence 008 1 834, Lletty Spence OS 1 834, Lletty-spain OS 1 89 1 , Lletty-spence OS 1 904 The term sbens would seem to be a borrowing from E. spence, a separate place to keep food and drink for men, thus a storehouse or shop for miners [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 5 ] . However, the vocalism is troubling in this name as sbens 'cupboard below the stairs' is realised spens in north-western Wales [ (Ffestiniog) p.c. H. Ll. Humphreys; (Bangor) 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 4 75 ] ; cf Rhydspence (SO 24-47, Clyro, Brees.), usually written as Rhydsbens in Welsh [ 1991 M. ab Dafydd: 49] . Lluestcerryg -(SN 755-858)[lluest + y + cerrig]; [ii·est'geng E. Howells, lest'geng E. Humphreys] Lluest y Cerrig 1 747map L.Morris Although anomalous lenition - attested since 1 904, see Creigau Lluestcerryg (72-b) - makes cerryg seem to be an adjective, the 1 747 form shows that cerryg is not an adjective, and that the name means 'encampment of the stones', and not 'the stone encampment'. Llwyngronwy -(SN 642-836)[llwyn + pn. Gronwy] ; [iojn'gr:mu Gw. Jenkins, K. Lewis] Tythin Llwyn y Gronw 1 652 in 1 747 L.Morris p. 24, Llwyn Gronw 1 722PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tythin Llwyn Gronw 1 724 Cwrncynfelyn MSS p. 8, Llwyn Gronwy 1 747map L.Morris, Llwyn Gronu 1 787map RDavis, Llwynygronw 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llwyngronw OOS 1 823, Llwyn-gronw OS 1 834, Llwyn-gronw OS 1 89 1 Rebuilt 1 788 [ 1 992 D . Jenkins: 84] . Llwynprysg -(SN 673-844)[llwyn + y + prysg]; [iojn'pnsk K. Lewis] Llwyn Preg 1 84 1 cens., (c254) Llain Pri:eska (prox.) 1 843TMS, Llwyn-prysg OS1 89 1 , Llwyn Prisg OS 1 982 Llwynsantesi -(SN 688-828)[llwyn + y + santesi]; [iujn M. Williams, E. & E. Hughes] Llwyn y Saynt-tessey 1 54 1 CD MS 26 1 , Llwin Llan Tesne 1 788sur map, Llwyn Llaintesny 1 802PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llwynllaincesy, Llwynllaincesig 1 806PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llwyn Llantesnu 1 8 1 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llwyn Llan Cesney 0081 834, Llwyn-lan-tesni OS 1 834, Llwyntantesni-bach 1 841 cens. , Llyn-llan-tesni 1 843TMS, Llwyn-lan-tesni OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-nant-drysni OS 1 904, Llwyn OS 1 982, yw'r Llwyn 'colloquially' 1 992 D.Jenkins p. l 5 The second part of the original santesi 'saintesses' was reanalysed as tesni 'destiny' [ 1 923 T. H. Parry-Williams: 235 ] , with typical variation between llan !lain glan nant. The inclusion of santesi in this place-name has some religious connotation, though no old religious site is known in this valley; cf Capelsantesau ( 1 5a), Llwyn-y-saint (SH 98-44, Llangwm, Denbs.). Maes-y-felin -(SN 647-84 1 )[maes + y + melin]; [majs�'vdm K. Lewis] (c67) Caefelin 1 843TMS, Maes y Felin OS 1 982 A housing estate. Maesmeurig -(SN 676-837)[rnaes + tn. [Tre]feurig (e)]; [majs'mejng E. & E. Hughes] Troed-y-rhiw Maes Mirick als. Ty Hen 1 788sur map, Troedrhyw Maesmeirig 1 807PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Troedrhyw Maesfeirig 1 81 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwrn isaf (sic) 008 1 834, Troed-y-rhiw 1 843TMS, Maes-meurig OS 1 89 1 , Maesmeurig OS 1 982 The original Trefeurig (e) is likely to have stood on or near this place, and the 1 788 alias Ty-hen is not against this supposition; cf Bronfeurig (72-a). Maesnant -(SN (i)772-883)[hn. Maesnant] ; [mejsnant E. Howells, m1snant, majsnant E. Humphreys] Abermaysnante 'dairy house' 1 609-1 0 Gog.OS p.94, Maesnant 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Lluest Maesnant 1 747map L.Morris, Maesnant 1 784PR Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Maesnant 1 790sur map, Maesnant 1 803map �

�

1 083

�

(72) PERFEDD J. Singer, Maes Nant OOS 1 834, Maesnant Rheidol 1 84 1 cens. , Nant-y-moch (sic) 0Sc. 1 950, Maesnant OS 1 982 i) SN 772-883.

ii) SN 774-8 8 1 . b. c. 1 964, after the creation of the reservoir of Llyn Nantmoch (72-b). The hn. Maesnant was the original name of Nant-y-meincau (d). Magwyr-y-rhos -(SN 756-891 ) [magwyr + y + rhos]; Magwyr y Rhos 1 747map L.Morris, Fagwr-y-rhos 1 860>map Genau'rglyn, Fagwr y Rhos 1 889Per. Genau'rgly� Ffald y Rhos OS 1 8 9 1 , Ffaldy Rhos OS 1 904, Ffaldy Rhos 0Sc. 1 950 In ruins, no owner [ 1 74 7 L. Morris: 1 8] .

Y Mans -(SN 667-843) [y + mans] ; [mans'salem K . Lewis] The Manse OS 1 982, Y Mans (sign) Melin Cwmbwa -(SN 649-839)[melin + tn. Cwmbwa (72-a)]; Melin Cwm y Bwa 1 652 in 1 744 L.Morris p. 24, Melin Cwmbwa 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p. 8, Llanyfelin (prox.) 1 829 Maes-newydd MSS, Melin Cwm Bwa OOS 1 834, Melin Cwm-bwa OS 1 834, Cwmbwa Mill 1 83 6PR Llanfthangel Genau'rgly� Caefelin + Cae Dwr Mill House, Cae bach 1 843TMS, Felin Cwm-bwa (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin OS 1 982, Melin Cwmbwa 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 5 6

Melin Cwmenm -(SN 668-837)[melin + tn. Cwmerfm] ; Cwm Ervin Mill 1 747map L.Morris, Cwmerfin Mill 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Old MilL (c) Cair Felin 1 788sur map, Cwmerfyn Mil1 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Hen F elin - Cwmerfyn 1 8 1 8PR Llanbadarn-fawr This mill's name is not derived from some connection with the mine at Cwmeifin(i) (72-a), but is an identical name referring to the lower portion of the river Eifin, which is known as Seilo since the late nineteenth century, see sub Dolmasaleg (72-a). Melin Gogerddan -(SN c. 627-83 5) [melin + tn. Gogerddan (72-a)]; Mill 1 747map L.Morris, Gogerddan Mill 1 760CF, (c) Cae Felin 1 836map in 1 973 CER vol.7 p. 1 7 1 Nantglas -(SN 73 8-856) [nant + glas]; [nant'gla:s E. Humphreys] Lluest y Nant Glas 1 747map L.Morris, Nant Glas 1 790sur map, Nant Glas 1 843TMS, Nant-glas OS 1 89 1

Nantseilo -(SN 640- 83 9)[nant + hn . Seilo] ; (c90) Cae Rhos 1 843TMS , Nantseilo OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Nantsiami -(SN 70 1 -83 5)[nant + pn. Siami] ; Nantsiami 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Nant Shammy OOS 1 834, Nant Siami OS 1 834, Ty'n-y-llechwedd (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Tan-y-llechwedd (sic loc. ) OS 1 904 In ruins [ O S1 904 ] .

Nantllyn -(SN 782-890) [nant + y + llyn] ; [nan'lm E. Howells, nant'hn E . Howells, T. Jones] Nant y Llyn 1 592 Maes-newydd MS S, Y Dwy Lyest 'in a place called' Nant y Lly� Y Llyast yn Aber Nant y Llyn 1 62 1 /22 Maes-newydd MSS , Nant y Llyn 1 747map L.Morris, Nant-y-llyn 1 790sur map, Nant y Llyn 1 803map J. 8inger, Nant y Llyn 008 1 834, Nant-y-llyn 08 1 89 1 , Nantllyn 1 980 Ddolen n.24

New Cottage -(SN 641 - 840)[E. new + cottaget New Cottage OS 1 89 1 & E. Hughes] New Inn OS 1 89 1 , New Inn OS 1 904, Inn 08c. 1 95 0, Y New Inn 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 95

New Inn -(SN 698-829)[E. new + inn] ; [niW'm E. Pandy -(SN 641 -839)[pandy] ;

Tythin-y-pandy 1 63 1 -3 2 Gog. OS p. 80, Tythin y Pandy 1 640 CD, Tythin y Pandy 1 66 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Pandy Cwmbwa 1 724 Cwmcynfe]yn MSS p. 8, Hen Bandy 1 747map L.Morris, (c) Cae Pandy 1 75 5 in 1 992 D . Jenkins p. 80, (c87) Caer Pandy 1 843 TMS, Maesyrefail OS 1 982, Y Pandy 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 85 Maes-yr-ejail is a housing estate. Pantdrain -(SN 660-838)[pant + y + drain] ; [pant'rajn E. & E. Hughes] Bron-meirig OS 1 89 1 , Bron-meurig 0 8 1 904, Pantdrain O S 1 982, Pant-drain 1 992 D. Jenkins p. l l 9 This site, b. bet. 1 843-91 [ 1 8431MS; OS1 89 1 ] , was o riginally a field - (c1 85) Cae newydd ucha [ 1 843TMS] belonging to Bronfeurig(i) (72-a). The original name of this site is likely to have been Pantdrain, however it acquired the name Bronfeurig after the abandonment of the original Bronfeurig(i) and the building of a house on this site. The name Pantdrain reasserted itself for the site, but the name Bronfeurig was given to Bronfeurig(ii) (72-a) a bungalow later built alongside Pantdrain.

Pantebolion -(8N 708-839) [pant + yr + ebolion]; [panthrid�'b�lj�n E. Humphreys] 1 084

(72) PERFEDD Pant yr Ebolyon 1 54 1-43 Gogerddan MS S in 1 992 D . Jenkins p. 3 9, Llyest Pant yr Ebolion 1 724 Cwmcynfe lyn MS S p. 8, Pant Ebolion 1 790sur map, Pant-yr-ebolion OS 1 834, Pantebolion, Pant-y­ ebolion 1 843TMS, Pant Rhyd 'Rebolion 1 978 Tincer n. 6 The name seems to have grown with the insertion of rhyd 'ford', first attested in the 1 89 1 OS form of

Pond Pant-rhyd-ebolion

als.

Pon Pendam (72-b).

It probably arose through a misinterpretation of the [r]

of the definite article in the original name as a reduced form of rhyd.

Pantffynnon

-(SN 677-840) [pant + y + ffynnon];

Tythin Pant y FfYnnon 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p. 8, Pant-y-ffynnon OS 1 834, Pant-y-ffynnon O S 1 904, Pant-y-fynnon, Pantffyno n n 1 843 TMS

Pant-y-garreghir

[pen,gareg 'i:r

-(SN (ii)704-834) [pant + y + carreg + hir] ;

A B. James,

pant�,gareg'hi:r

E. &

E. Hughes] Pant y Garreg Hir (i), Lloc y Lloi (ii) 1 800¥zmap Blaencwmsyrnlog, Pant-y-gareg-hlr O S 1 89 1 ,

(c) Standing

Stone OS 1 982 i) SN 704-836. 1 800¥z.

ii) SN 704-834. Pant-yr-hwch

1 89 1 .

-(SN 707-825) [pant + yr + hwch] ;

[pant�r'hu:z E.

& E. Hughes]

Pant yr ych (sic) OOS 1 834, Pant-yr-hwch O S 1 891 In ruins [ OS1 904].

Pant-teg(i)

-(SN 639-83 9)(Penrhyncoch) [pant + teg];

Panteg 1 84 1 cens. , Pant-teg O S 1 89 1 , Panteg O S 1 982

Pant-teg(ii)

-(SN 670-844)(Salem)[pant + teg];

Pant-teg OS 1 89 1

Penbanc -(SN 653-844)[pen + y + bane] ; Penybank 1 728/29 H.H. Hughes MS S, Pen y Bank 1 747map L. Morris, Penybank 1 790 Maes-newydd MS S, Pen y Bane OOS 1 834, Pen-y-banc OS 1 834, Pen-y-banc O S 1 89 1 , a Phen-banc 1 978 Tincer n. 1 0, Pen-bane 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 1 5 This lies on the valley floor, D . Jenkins

Penbane-bach

[ 1 992: 39] thought bane here referred to 'river bank'.

-(SN 65 5-845) [pen + y + bane (+ bach)] ;

Bank bach 1 747map L. Morris, Penybank bach 1 8 1 1PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penybankbach 1 84 1 cens. PENBONT RHYD-Y-BEDDAU -(SN 679- 835)[pen + y + pont + tn. Rhyd-y-beddau] ;

penb:mt'hows E. & E. Hughes] Y Bont 1 747map L.Morris, Pontrhydybeoau

[pen'b:mt

E. Griffiths,

1 777PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbont Rhydybeoau 1 800PR

Llanbadarn-fawr, Penbont Rhyd y Beddau 1 83 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen y Bont OOS 1 834, (c286) Cae Penbont

1 843TMS, Pen-y-bont-rhyd-y-beddau, Pen-bont-rhyd-y-beddau OS 1 904, Pontrhydybeddau

1 976 D.E. Bick p. l 3 , Pen-bont, Pen-bont Rhydybeddau 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 1 4, o Ben-bont Rhydybeddau 1 992 Tincer n. 1 49 " Yr enw ar y llythyrdy yw Cwmsyrnlog, pentref rhyw filltir neu ddwy oddi yno, a gelwir

'Y

Beddau'

[ 1 958 D. G. Jones: 1 1 ] . Penceunant -(SN 707-826)[pen + y + ceunant] ; [kejnant·�xa E . & E . Hughes] weithiau yn Drefeurig, ond enw'r plwyfydyw hyn. " Pen-ceunant OS 1 89 1

Pendarren

-(SN 674-834)[pen + y + tarren] ;

[daren'va:z ? H.

Lewis]

Tythin Pen-y-darren 1 5 7 1 Gog. OS p. 3 6, Tythin y Gelly als. Tythin y Gelly als.

Y

Y Darren vach ?

1 652 in 1 747 L. Morris p. 24,

Darren vauch 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MS S p.8, Pen y Darren vach, Darren ucha als.

Darren vach ? 1 747 L.Morris p. 24, Darrenfach ? 1 84 1 cens. , Pant-y-daren O S 1 89 1 , Pant-y-daren O S 1 904, Pen Darren 1 924-26 CSRLS 55, Darren-fach ? 1 992 D . Jenkins p.70 Existent

Peneberth

[ 1 788sur map] ; cf Darren-fawr (69-a), Penringsen (72-b). [pen'ebere K. Lewis]

-(SN 645-83 7) [pen + y + perth] ;

Peny-berth 1 63 1-3 2 Gog.OS p. 80, Penyberth 1 640 CD, Pen y Berth 1 760map E. Bowen, Penaberth 1 760CF, Penyberth 1 78 8map Rhosgoch, Pen y Berth OOS 1 83 4, Pen y Berth 1 843TMS, Pen-y-berth OS 1 89 1 , Penyberth als. Peneberth 1 89 9 J.Rhys

xv,

Pen-e-berth 1 91 3 J. Morris-Jones p. 5 9, Peneberth 'in

our day' 1 98 8 J.H. Griffiths p. 3 0, Peneberth 1 987 Tincer n.99

Pengeulan

-(SN 673-837) [pen + y + ceulan] ;

[peiJ'gi·lan E .

& E. Hughes]

Glan-geulan OS 1 89 1 , Pengeulan OS 1 904, Pengeulan OS 1 982

Penpompren

-(SN 643-842)[pen + y + pompren] ;

[p;lmpren'kurt K. 1 085

Lewis]

(72) PERFEDD Penpompren (sign) Penrhiw-newydd -(SN 669-840)[pen + y + rhiw (+ newydd)] ; [i,be hr1w E. & E. Hughes, pennw'newi() K. Lewis, penru'salem E. Humphreys] Pen-rhiw-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rhiw 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 83 PENRHYNCOCH -(SN 645-84 l )[penrhyn + coch] ; [pendrm W. J. & R. Jones, �n'pendrm K. Lewis, pendrnJ 'ko:x M. Morgan, pendrm'kan:>l K. Lewis] 'Y Penrhyn' ±1. 1 365 DG p. l l 5, Tyre y Penrhyn 1 5 50 Gog.OS n.465, Tythin-yr-penrhyn-hen ? 1 63 1-32 Gog. O S p. 80, Tythin y Penrhyn 1 640 CD, Tir y Ty Coch als. Tythin y Penrhyn Coch 1 652 in 1 747 L.Morris p.24, Tythin y Penrhin 1 657 Coleman MS 1 1 7, Tythyn y Penrhyn 1 66 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS , Penrhin Coch 1 7 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyr Tythin Coch als. Tythin y Penrhyncoch 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p . 8, Penr. Coch 1 747map L.Morris, Penrhyncoch 1 760CF, Penrin Coch 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Penrhyn-coch-ucha 1 78 8sur map, Penrhyn uchaf 1 788sur map Rhosgoch, Penrhincoch 1 799PR Llanbadarn-fawr, (c) Dyffyn y Penrhyncoch (prox.) 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Dyffryn y Pen Rhyn Coch (prox.) 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 45, Penrhin Coch uchaf 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Pen Rhiw Coch (sic) OOS 1 834, Pendryncoch 1 834sur map Bryngwyn, (vill) Penrhyncoch, (vill) Penrhyncanol 1 84l cens. , Penrhyncoch ucha 1 843TMS, Penrhyn-coch OS 1 89 1 , a Phenrhyn-canol, 'which in 1 788 was called' Penrhyn-uchaf 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 8 1 , a'r Penryn 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 22, ym Mhenrhyn-coch 1 992 D.Jenkins p. l 02 The term coch probably refers to vegetation such as fern, or perhaps shallow soil with vegetation that withers earlier in dry periods. It puzzled D. Jenkins [ 1 992: 1 4] : " Y mae'r ail elfen (each) yn llai amlwg ei ystyr gan nad oes na phridd na chreigiau o'r cyfryw liw yn yr ardal. " Minffordd is on the site of the old house of Penrhyncoch [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 78 ] . Only one house was built in Penrhyncoch between 1 9 1 8-39 [ 1992 D. Jenkins: 1 17 ] . Penrhyn-isa -(SN 642-840)[penrhyn (+ isaf)]; [pendrm'i·sa K Lewis] Smithy 1 747map L.Morris, Penrhyn Coch 1 788map Rhosgoch, Penrhyn Coch, Penbryn Coch 1 843TMS, Farmer's Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 89 1 , PO OS 1 982, Penrhyn-isaf 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 78, Farmers' Arms yn y Penrhyn-isaf 1 992 D. Jenkins p.93, Y Penrhyn-isa' 1 993 D.Jenkins p. 1 0 Penroc -(SN 688-830)[pen + E. rock]; [H·s�'grajg E . & E . Hughes] Tan-llidiart OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rock OS 1 904, Llys y Graig OS 1 982 Plas Bro-Gynin -(SN 66 1 -844)[plas + tn. Bro-Gynin (72-a)] ; Brogynin fawr OS 1 982, Brogynin fawr als. Plas Brogynin 1 987 Tincer n. 99, Plas Brogynin, 'now' Brogynin-fawr 1 992 D. Jenkins p.29 b. >1 8 5 0 [ 1 992 D. JenkiiL�: 29) . PwUrenaid -(SN 705-823) [pwll + yr + enaid]; Pwll yr Enaid 1 747map L.Morris, Pwll Rheneid 1 800¥z Nanteos fpls. , Bwlchrhennaid 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 80, Pwllrhenaid, Bwlchrhenaid 1 975 D.E.Bick p . 39, Mine (dis), Shaft (dis) OS1 982, Pwllyrhenaid 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 79 Rhandir -(SN 643-837) [rhandir] ; Rhandir OS 1 982 Royal Oak -(SN 624-833)[E. royal + oak] ; [r;)jal'o:k, now glm'deri E. Williams] Royal Oak 1 794PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Royal Oak OOS 1 823, Royal-Oak OS 1 834, Royal-Oak OS 1 89 1 , Royal Oak + Royal Oak Cottage OS 1 904, Glyn Deri O S 1 982 Existent [ 1 787map R. Davis]; "Teyrngarwch Lewis Pryse i blaid y Jacobitiaid yn y dddeunawfed ganrif a fu'n gyfrifol am enw'r tY a fu'n gartre i brif-giperiaid y Plas am ganrifoedd." [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 8 1 ] . Salem -(SN 668-843)[Bibl.tn Salem] ; Salem OOS 1 834, Salem OS 1 834, Gwarsalem (prox. ) 1 841 cens. , Chapel, Salem Chapel 1 843TMS, Salem 1 8 5 1 Rel cens. p. 543, Salem, Indt. Chap. OS 1 89 1 , Salem (Bow St. ) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 280, Salem, Capel Salem OS 1 904, Salem Coed-Griffith 1 922 in 1 985 Tincer n. 78, Salem Coedgruffydd 1 977 Tincer n. 2, Capel + Salem O S 1 982, (c) yng Nghae Geufron 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 99 b. 1 8 1 3 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280] ; b. l 824 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 73; 1 992 D. Jenkins: 99] ; b. c. 1 840 ( 1851Rel cens. : 543]; b. 1 850 [ 1 987 B . J . Rawlins: 73 ] ; ren. 1 864 [ 1 987 B. J . Rawlins: 73; 1 992 D . Jenkins: 95 ] . Built o n Bro-Gynin land (72-a) [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 99] . There is a possibility that this Biblical name was suggested by the hn. Masaleg, which was pronounced 'Saleg in the nineteenth century; denom. I. Siloa -(SN 701 -828)[Bibl.tn. Siloah]; [kapel'�xa A B. James, H. Lewis, si'loa H. Lewis] '

1 086

(72) PERFEDD Indt Chap. OS 1 89 1 , Siloa (Bow St. ) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 280, Capel Siloa OS 1 904 b. 1 803 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280] ; b. l 860, separated from Salem (72-a) in 1 868 [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 00 ] ; " . . . ar ddymuniad y gweinidog fe'i gahyyd yn Siloa ar o l ei fam eglwys yn Aberdar. " [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 100] ; denom. I. Syfudryn -(SN 726-844)[syfudr + -yn ?]; [s�'v�drm M Morgan] Lluest Safydryn 1 747 L.Morris p. 1 8, Safydryn 1 747map L.Morris, Savwdryn 1 760CF, Safidrin 1 765 NLW Deed MS 1 482, Sefydrim 1 790sur map, Sifudren OOS 1 834, Syfydrin OS 1 834, Syfydren 1 843TMS, Syfydren OS 1 89 1 , Syfydrin OS 1 904 "Nododd Mr. R J. Thomas fod llyn lleidiog a mawnoglyg o'r enw Llyn Syfydrin ger Brogynin, ac er nad yw Da:f:Ydd [ ab Gwilym] yn cyfeirio ato, dim ond yn ei waith ef ac un bardd arall yn unig y ceir enghreifftiau o'r ansoddair syfudr, 'brwnt'. " [ 1 984 D. J. Bowen: 1 64] . It is unlikely to have any connection to the names Syfyrddyn (Mons.) and Llynsafaddon (E. Llangors Lake, Brees.); cf Logyn (2-a). Tan-y-berth -(SN 643-840)[tan + y + perth] ; Tyn y Berth ?? 1 84 1 cens. , (c77) Cae Eithin 1 843TMS, Tan y Berth OS1 982 A housing estate named in opposition to Peneberth (72-a), as it lay on the bottom field of that farm's land. Tanbryn-isa -(SN 689-843)[tan + y + bryn (+ isaf)]; (c) Penbryn mawr 1 790sur map, Tan-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 , a Than-bryn 1 977 Tincer n. 2, Tanybryn-isaf OS1 982 Cf Banc-y-gam (72-b). Tanbryn-ucha -(SN 691-843)[tan + y + bryn (+ uchaf)]; Tan-y-bryn OS 1 891, Tanybryn uchaf OS1 982 Tan-y-chwarel -(SN 683-830)[tan + y + chwarel] ; Tan-y-chwarel OS 1 89 1 Tan-y-coed -(SN 669-845)[tan + y + coed]; Tynycoed 1 84 1 cens. , Tanycoed 1 843TMS, Tan-y-coed OS 1 89 1 Tanfoei -(SN 701 -83 8)[tan + y + moel] ; Tan-y-foel OS 1 89 1 , (f pn.) Mary Tan-foel l 977 Tincer n.4 Tan-y-llidiard -(SN 694-840)[tan + y + llidiard]; Pant y Llidiart 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog, Tan-y-llidiart OS 1 89 1 Trawle -(SN 70 1 -844)[trafle] ; [trawle E . Humphreys] Lluast Trafle 1 720PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lluest y Trafle 1 732PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lluest y Traffe c. 1 747 L.Morris p. 568, Lluest y Trafle 1 747map L.Morris, Lluest Trawle 1 771PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llyast y Trafle 1 790sur map, Lluast-trawle 1 798PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Lluast Troule OOS 1 834, Lluest Trafle OS 1 834, Lluest-y-trafle OS 1 89 1 , Lluest-yr-hafle OS1 904, Y Trawle 1 984 Papur Pawb n. 1 03, Trawle 'ar lafar' 1 987 Tincer n. 1 00 Refers to the confluence of streams below it; see Trajle (1 5-a). Trawsnant -(SN 703-828)[traws + nant] ; [trowsnant E. Humphreys, M. Morgan, E. & E. Hughes, truwsnant A B. James] Trawsnant 1 736PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Trawsnant 1 760CF, Trawsdre, Trawsnant 1 790sur map, Trawsnant OOS 1 834, Trawsnant OS 1 891 Twll-y-mwyn -(SN681 -833)[twll + y + mwyn]; Twll y Mwyn 1 747sur map L.Morris p. 36 "An antient open rake" [ 1 747sur map L . Morris: 36] ; 11The mine seems to have been wrought in the beginning of times, and before the use of iron was found out, and when mankind knew the use of no tools but stones. " [ 1 747 L. Morris: 36], goes on to give an interesting account of how he thought they worked without iron; "The main feature is a shallow, quarry-like opencast . . . which has been to some degree back-filled. " [ 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 75 ] ; cf the description of old mine workings as he·n,dme'mojn (prox. Tregynys­ isa, St Davids) [inf D. Rowlands] . Ty-cwta -(SN 665-837) [tY + cwta] ; Ty Cwtta 1747map L.Morris, Tycwtta 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr Ty-mawr -(SN 642-840)[ty + mawr] ; Ty mawr 1 958 D. G.Jones p. 1 5, Y Ty mawr 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 85 Tyncefn -(SN 687-838)[tyddyn + y + cefn] ;

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(72) PERFEDD Tyn-y-cefu Brith OOS 1 834, Tyncefu cott. 1 843TMS, Tyn-y-cefn-brith OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-cefu-brlt:h OS1 904, Ty'n-cefen 1 992 D.Jenkins p.89 Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 70 1 - 836)(Cwmsymlog)[tY + newydd]; Counting House 1 790sur map, Tynewydd 1 841cens., Ty-newydd OS1 891 In ruins [OS1 904]. Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 683-8 3 1 )(Cwmerfm)[tY + newydd] ; [ti'newi� M Williams, H. Lewis] Tynewydd 1 841 cens. , Ty-newydd OS 1 904 Tyngelli -(SN 669-836)[tyddyn + y + celli] ; [ tm 'g eH A. B. James, E. & E. Hughes] Ynghelli Fleddyn ? f1. 1365(c. 1 600) DG (Peniarth MS 49) p. 1 29, Tir y Gelli 1 541-42 Gogerddan MSS in 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 39, Ty'n y Gelly 1 73 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gelly 1 73 6PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Gelli 1 747map L.Morris, Tyn y Gellu 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyn-y-gelly 1 788sur map, Tynygelli 1 801PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tyn-y-gelli OS 1 834, Tyngellu 1 84 1 cens. , Tyngelly, Tyn-y-gelly 1 843TMS, Ty'n-y-gelli 0Sc. 1 950, Ty Gelli 1 977 Tincer n.3 , Tyn Gelli OS 1 982, Ty'n-Gelli 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 1 5 See Darren Bank (72-a). Tyngwndwn-bach -(SN 687-83 1 )[tyddyn + y + gwndwn (+ bach)]; [tiiJ'gundon'ba:z E. & E. Hughes, H. Lewis] Tynygwndin bach 1 841 cens. , Ty'n-y-gwndwn-bach OS 1 891 Tyngwndwn-mawr -(SN 686-830)[tyddyn + y + gwndwn (+ mawr)] ; [hiJ'gundun E. & E. Hughes] Tyny'gwndwn 1 779PR Llanbadam-fawr, Tynygwndwn mawr 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Tyngwndwn 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n-y-gwndwn OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-gwndwn OS 1 834, Tynygwndin 1 84 1cens. , a Thy'n-gwndwn 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 1 4 Tynrhelyg -(SN 63 8-836) [tyddyn + yr + helyg]; Ty'n yr Helyg 1 73 5PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty n 'Rhelyg 1 747map L.Morris, Ty'n yr Helig 1 771PR Llanbadam-fawr, (c) Cau Tan-yr-helig (SN 63 8-838) 1 787map R Davis, Tynrhelig 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn­ fawr See Y Ficrej (72-a). Tynllechwedd -(SN 700-838)[tyddyn + y + llechwedd]; Tynyllechweo 1 776PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Ty'n Llechwedd OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-llechwedd OS 1 834, Tynllechwedd 1 841 cens. , Tan-y-llechwedd OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-llechwedd OS 1 89 1 C £ Tynllechwedd (71 -a, 73-a). Ty-Norddi -(SN 702-824)[tY + E.sn. Northey]; [ti'n;)r0i E. & E. Hughes] inf Named after an Englishman who was a captain (capten) at the mine [inf E. & E. Hughes] . Ty'r-rhod -(SN 702-837)[tY + yr + rhod]; Cowhouse 1 747sur map L.Morris p.27, Pwllyrhod ? 1 84l cens. , Ty'r-rhod OS 1 89 1 , Ty'r-rhod O S 1 904, Pwll-y-rhod ? 1 979 Papur Pawb n.45 The rhod was a water-wheel for the mine-works ( 1 978 CER: 8.357], it is likely that the name Pwll-y-rhod referred specifically to a 'water-wheel pit' rather than to the works as such, the term pwll being very rarely used of the lead-mines in Cardiganshire, cf (c) Pwll y R.hod (Gwaith Darren-fawr, 69-a) [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 1 2 ] , and MnC. polrose 'water-wheel pit' (1 985 0. J. Padel: 1 89-90], B. poull-rod 'water-wheel pit' ( 1 992 F. Favereau: 61 1 ]; see sub Brynrafr (72-a); Romans (77-a); Pwllmwyn (1 8-b). Ysgoldy-fach -(SN 679-835)[ysgoldy + bach] ; [sk:>ldi'va:x E. & E. Hughes] 'Sgoldy fach 'ar lafar', Ysgoldy Abercwmsymlog, Aber Cwmsymlog School 1 98 1 Tincer n 39, Yr Ysgoldy fach 1 993 D.Jenkins p. 34 b. 1 868 [sign] . Ysgol Penrhyncoch -(SN (i)643-84l ) [ysgol + tn. Penrhyncoch (72-a)] ; [he·n'�sk:>l K. Lewis] Pemhyncoch V.P. 1 967 WLS, Yr 'Hen Y sgol' (i) 1 979 Tincer n. 1 7, Hen Y sgol Penrhyn-coch (i) 1 980 Tincer n.27, Hall (i), Sch (ii) OS 1 982 i) SN 643-841 . Op. 2 1 /09/1 863 [ 1 980 Tincer: 27; 1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 03] ; op. 1 865 as a National School [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 107] .

ii) SN 643-841 , c. 75m NW of (i). b. 1 960s, to replace (i) [inf D. Jenkins] . Ysgol Trefeurig -(SN 673-836) [ysgol + tn. Trefeurig (d)] ; [�sk:>l,tre'vejng E. & E. Hughes] Y sgol Gynradd Trefeurig 1 95 8 D. G. Jones p. 1 1 , Trefeurig C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 b. 1 873 on Maesmeung land (72-a) (1 992 D. Jenkins: 1 0 9] ; b. 1 875 ( 1 981 Tincer: 3 9).

1088

(72) PERFEDD geonyms Abereamdwr -(SN 752-869)[aber + hn. Camdwr] ; [aber'kamdur E. Howells, E. James, ab�r'kamdur E.

Humphreys] Aber Camdwr Keueiliauc 1 20 1 in 1 950 MC vol. 5 1 p. 1 73 , Abercaudoure 1 2 8 1 CalChartR p.28 1 , Abercaudur 1284 CaliM vol. l p.3 87, Abercamddwr c. 1 747 L.Morris p. 568, Rhyd-y-maen-mawr OS1 834, Abercamddwr 1 860>map Perfedd There was a footbridge here [inf E. Humphreys]. Alltdderw -(SN 634-833)[allt + derw]; The Wood 1 787map RDavis, Alit Dderw 1 83 6map RM A1 1 8, Allt Dderw 1 843TMS, Allt Derw O S 1 89 1 , Bane Peithyll 1 895 Cymru vol. 9 p.278 Baneau-duon -(SN 798-875)[banciau + duon]; Bankau Duon 1 790sur map Bane-y-gam -(SN 706-844)[banc + y + earn]; Ceven y Garn 1 790sur map, Bane y Garn OS 1 834, Yr Ochr Wen, Pen yr Ochr Wen 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog, Trawsfynydd (E pt. , SN 71 1 - 843) 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog, Bane y Carn, Pen y Bryn-mawr OS 1 891, Bane y Garn 08 1 904 Bane Llety-sbens -(SN 702-832) [banc + tn. Llety-sbens (72-a)] ; Bane Lletty-spain OS 1 89 1 , Bane Lletty-S pence O S 1 904 Bane Syfudryn -(SN 729-847)[banc + tn. Syfudryn (72-a)]; [baiJks�·v�drm E. Humphreys] Bane Syfydrin OS 1 904 Bane Trawsnant -(SN 707-832)[banc + tn. Trawsnant (72-a)] ; [bauk'trowsnant E. & E. Hughes] Bane Trawsnant OS 1 89 1 , Banc-y-Trawsnant 1 93 8 R J.Thomas p.205 Blaenewmgweryn -(SN 807-879)[blaen + tn. Cwmgweryn]; Blaen Gwarin 1 790sur map, Blaen-gwerin O S 1 834, Blaen Cwm-gwerin 08 1 891 , Blaen Cwmgwarin 081 904, Blaen Cwmgwerin 08 1 982 Blaen Nantmelyn -(SN 8 1 7-890)[blaen + hn. Nantmelyn]; Blaen Nant Melyn OS 1 83 4, Blaennant Melyn c. 1 85 0map Perfedd Blaen Nant-to -(SN 744-866)[blaen + hn. Nant-to] ; Blaen Nant y T o 1 790sur map Brynbeddau -(SN 770-873) [bryn + y + beddau]; [brm�'be·oc E. Howells] Bryn Beddau 1 790sur map, Bryn y Beddau OS 1 89 1 Bryneoeh-baeh -(SN 73 1 -863)[bryn + coch (+ bach)]; Bryn Coch bach 1 790sur map Bryneras -(SN 8 1 7-894)[bryn + eras] ; Bryn Cras 1 790sur map, Bryn Cras 08 1 834, Bryn Cras OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-eras 0Sc. 1 950 Bryngwyn -(SN 747-862) [bryn + gwyn] ; Penbryn Gwyn 1 747map L.Morris, Cefen yr Helfa, Bryn Gwyn (SN 75-86) 1 790sur map, Pen y Graig Ddu OS1 834, Bryn Gwyn 081 891 Bryniau'rieir -(SN 7 1 2-835)[bryniau + yr + ieir]; Bryniau'r Ieir l 8002/2map Blaencwmsymlog Brynpiea -(SN 705-846)[bryn + pica]; Bryn Picca 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog Brynrhudd -(SN 777- 87 l )[bryn + rhudd]; [brm'hri: 1 63 1 [ 1 992 G. Morgan: 6] ; " On Cwmswmlog hill are the remains of a chapel erected by S ir Hugh Middleton, in the reign of James 1 , for the use of his miners. " [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 42 ] . According to L. Morris's maps, the chapel seemed more towards Ty-neu.ydd, some 250m NNW of Garddianto; a triangular platform can be seen at the site at present; cf (c) Shaft Ianto (Blaencwmsymlog, 72-a) [ 1800¥zmap Blaencwmsymlog ] . Gam -(SN 7 1 4-843) [y + earn]; Gam l 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog See Banc-y-garn (72-b). Garn-fawr -(SN 8 1 8-905)[y + earn + mawr] ; Y Buwch c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.40, Fuwch Wen 1 747map L. Morris, Cam-mawr als. Fuwch-wen OS 1 834, Carn mawr 08 1 89 1 , Gam fawr OS 1 904 See Esgair Fuwchwen (72-b). Garnwen -(SN 685-842)[y + earn + gwen] ; Garneddau 1 747map L.Morris, Pen y Garnedd Wen OS 1 834, Pen y Garn Wen (cairn) OS 1 89 1 , Gam Wen OS1 904, Cam Wen 0Sc. 1 950 Geuallt -(SN 693-826)[y + cau + allt]; Gyallt 1 843TMS Graig-fawr -(SN 799-89 1 )[y + craig + mawr] ; [krejge,heggmn'ane� T. Jones] Craig, Graig fawr, Craig yr Eryr (prox.) 1 790sur map, Lluest y Graig (sic loc. ) OS 1 834, Graig fawr 1 843TMS, Craig y Lluest 1 868 in 1 89 1 Geninen p.33, Lluest y Graig OS 1 89 1 Graig-goch -(SN 771 -880)[y + craig + coch]; Graig Goch 1 790sur map, Graig GOch OS 1 904, Graig Goch OS1 982 Graiglas(i) -(SN 796-874)(Llyn Llygadrheidol)[y + craig + glas] ; Graig Las, Pen y Graig Las 1 790sur map, Graig Las OS 1 89 1 Graiglas(ii) -(SN 809-879)(Cwmgweryn)[y + craig + glas] ; Graig Las, Graig Bisled 1 790sur map Groeslwyd -(SN 805-874)[y + croes + llwyd] ; Groes Lwyd 1 747map L.Morris Llechwedd-y-buarth -(SN 805-892) [11echwedd + y + buarth]; [iezwe��'bi·are E. Howells] Llechwedd-y-buarth OS 1 891 Cf Ffald Abernantmelyn (72-b) . Llechweddmelyn -(SN 732-857) [11echwedd + melyn] ; Llechwedd Melin 1 790sur map Llyn Llygad-bychan -(SN 802-874)[1lyn + tn. Llygad-bychan] ; [hn'l�gad 'b�zan E. Howells, fald ,l�gad' b�zan als. hn,l�gad'b�zan A Thomas] Llyn Llygad bychan 1 747map L.Morris, Llyn Llygad bychan 1 790sur map, Llyn Llygad bychan c. 1 850map Perfedd, Llyn Llygad-bychan OS 1 89 1 The lake has dried, but i t was a lake within living memory, only two yards i n width. Theffald was where the sheep of different owners of parts of the adjoining mountainland were kept [inf A Thoma s] . The estate ofAbermaed (54-a) sorted sheep out in Ffald Llygad-bychan [inf E. Howells] ; Inexistent [OS1 98 2 ] .

1 092

(72) PERFEDD Llyn Llygadrheidol -(SN 791 -876)(llyn + tn. Llygadrheidol] ; [im,ln,me 'lmdor M. Morgan] Llyn Johnny 1 8002/zmap Blaencwmsymlog, Blaen-melynddwr Pool (reservoir) OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-melindwr Pool OS 1 904, Blaen-melindwr Pool 0Sc. l 950, Llyn Blaenmelindwr OS 1 982, Llyn Melindwr 1 992 D.Jenkins p.21 Inexistent [ 1 790sur map]. Pon-pendam -(SN 708-83 8)[pon + pen + y + dam] ; [p=>n,pen'dam E. Humphreys, E. & E. Hughes, p=>npen'dam A. B. James] The Bog 1 747sur map L.Morris p.27, Pant yr Ebolion Pond, (c) Shaft Pendam (prox.) 1 800¥zmap Blaencwmsymlog, Pond Pant-rhyd-ebolion (reservoir) OS 1 891 , Pond Pant-rhyd-ebolion 0Sc. 1 95 0, Pond Ebolion (Llyn Pendam) 1 976 D.E.Bick p.26, Llyn Pendam OS 1 982, Pond Pendam 1 992 D.Jenkins p. 1 7 Inexistent [ 1 790sur map]; see Pantebolion (72-a). Pon Rhosgoch -(SN 7 12-83 1 ) [pon + tn. Rhosgoch] ; [hro: s' g o: z E. Humphreys, E. & E. Hughes] Pond Rhos-goch 0Sc. 1 950, Llyn Rhosgoch OS 1 982 Pumlumon Arwystli -(SN 8 14-877)[pum(p) + llumon + tn. Arwystli (Monts.)] ; [ph,hm:m'osli A. Thomas, phm�n 'usli E. Humphreys] Carnedde 'or heaps of stones, on summit of Plimlimmon Yr Wstley 1 790sur map, Plymhumon Usley 1 803map J. Singer, Pen Plynlimmon Rwstley c. 1 850map Perfedd, Plynlimon Wstle, Pen Plynlimon-wstle OS 1 89 1 , Plynlimon-arwystli, Pen Plynlimon-arwystli OS 1 904, Pumlumon Arwystli, Pen Pumlumon­ Arwystli 0Sc. l 950 The specifier was the commote of Arwystli in Montgomeryshire. The pre-stress reduction is attested in Yrwystli [c. 1 600 L. Dwnn: 1 . 1 52], o Rwystli (c. 1 600 L. Dwnn: 1 .30]. The monophthongisation of the medial diphthong (since it preceded a consonant cluster) is attested in Arrwstly [ 1563 in 1 949 MC: 5 1 .36], and the simplification of the medial cluster [ -stl-] to [-sl-] is paralleled in ystlumyn -+ sl�mm. The name Arwystli derives from pn. Arwystl + suffix -i [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 761 -63] ; cf pn. Arwistel, a bishop of St Davids, fl. 1 000 AD [c. l l 91 Gir.IK: 104] . Pumlumon-fach -(SN 788-873)[pum(p) + llumon (+ bach)] ; [phm,hm=>n'va:z M. Griffiths, ph,lrm:m'va:z A. Thomas, phm=>n'va:x E. Humphreys, bolz,phm=>n'va:z (prox.) E. Howells]

Plimlimmon fach 1 790sur map, Plymlumon Fynydd 1 803map J. Singer, Plynlimmon bach 1 862 G.Borrow p.425, Plynlimon fitch OS1 89 1 , Pumlumon fach 0Sc. 1 950 Pumlumon-fawr -(SN 789-869)[pum(p) + llumon (+ mawr)]; [phm'hm=>n, pbm,hm=>n'vawr M. Griffiths, ph ,hm;)n'vawr A. Thomas, pen,phm;)n'vawr E. Howells, piiD'hm=>n T. Jones (Glasbwll), t=>p,ph'hm=>n A Thomas, id=>p,piiD'hm�n E. Howells] 'y vedwen ym' Pimlumon c. 1250 BBC p.25, Pumlumon c. 1 100(c. 1 3 50) Culhwch ac Olwen p. 34, Plimilemon c. l 3 60map Gough, Plumlemon c. 1 3 60map Gough {v. l. 1 975 E.P.Hamp p.257} , Penfflymon c. 1 530 Llanstephan MS 6 p. l 1 2, Penllumon 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 125, Plinillimon 1 578map C. Saxton, o Ben Fflymon c. 1 600 Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Penplymmon 1 602 G.Owen vol.4 p.45 1 , Penplymon 1 603 G. Owen vol. l p. 1 08, Plinlimon 1 684 in 1 902 G.E.Evans p. 8 1 , Plumlimmon, Carnau-Plumlimmon c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.40, Plymlimmon c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.41 , Plin Lhimmon als. Pym Lymmon 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.699, Pumlymmon Hill 'or, as pronounced in that country' Plymhummon 1 742 L.Morris in 1 947 H. Owen p. 1 09, Plymlumon 1 747 L.Morris p.50, Top of Plymlumom 1 747map L.Morris, Carnau als. Carneddau Plymlymon c. 1 757 L.Morris p.77, Pumlumon, 'rightly' Plymlumon c. 1 757 L.Morris p. 366, Plumlumon 1 759 L.Morris in 1 949 H. Owen p.408, Plimilimon 1 760map E.Bowen, Summit of Plinlimmon fawr 1 790sur map, Plynlimmon 1 797 Descr.DBH p.40, Plymhumon als. Pumlumon Mountain 1 803map J. Singer, Pumlumon Mountains 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 4 1 , Plymhumon 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 42, Plynlimmon OOS 1 834, Plynlimon-fawr O S 1 834, Plynlimmon 1 862 G.Borrow p. 259, Pumplumon 1 862 G.Borrow p.422, Pumlummon mawr, Plynlimmon mawr 1 862 G.Borrow p.263, The Big Pumlummon, Plunlummon 1 862 G.Borrow p. 264, Y Plunlumon 1 88 1 J.E. Jones p.2, Plumlumon 1 883 Geninen p.27, Plynlimon fawr, Pen Plynlimon-fawr OS 1 89 1 , 'known on its Cardiganshire side as' Plymhymon 1 892 H. Owen vol. 1 p. l 08, Plymhymon 'as I learnt to call Plinlimmon' c. l 900 NLW MS 1 094

(72) PERFEDD 249 1 -B p. 9 1 , a Phlumlumon 1 907 Cymru voL 3 2 p . 276, i ben Plinlimon (Monts.) 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. 2 1 4, o Blinlyrnon 1 91 6 Cymru vol. 50 p.63, Plimlimon 1 945> D . Jones p. 1 5, Pumlumon fawr 0Sc. 1 950 The form of this place-name is derived from pum(p) variant form,

Plumlumon,

+ llumon, and is sometimes reduced to Plumon. A

is attested as early as the fourteenth century, and has every appearance of

being a Welsh-language development, witness the local forms since at least the eighteenth century. The official English form Plynlimon seems derived from an apparent misreading of *Plimllimon as Plinillimon by the influential sixteenth-century rnapmaker C. Saxton. I can find no explanation for the intrusive in Plumlumon Pumlumon, to

in regular Welsh phonetic developments, though the prefixing of give

Penpumlumon

may have facilitated its appearance. The forms in

understood as containing the word plwm 'lead' in the hills surrounding

Pumlumon,

pen 'summit' to Plum- have been

[ c. l 757 L. Morris: 366] , being a reference to the lead deposits

and while this seems unlikely as leading to a name of this mountain

may explain the evolution of the form of Plumlumon as due to popular etymology. The explanation given by L. Morris [ c. 1757: 366] , 'lead standards', and especially, [ 1759 in 1 949 H.

!lyman: "

"Plumlumon

I always took to be

pen llu

Owen: 408) , can safely be dismissed. Taking the two earliest forms I feel it is safe to

take the first syllable as representing pum(p) 'five', what is not so straightforward is what sense to give to

llumon.

There are two similar sounding words in Welsh

llumon

'chimney', and

lluman

'standard, banner'.

The meaning 'standard' is appropriate for a high hill, cf the hills named Standard, which occur in Carrick, Galloway, and Dumfriesshire, which W. originals cognate with W.

J.

Watson [ 1 926: 2 1 2] thought were translations of Brittonic

lluman). L. Morris [ 1 742 in 1 947 H. Owen: 1 09] queried "Whether it be derived from Pen Luman or Lummon, 'the hill of the banner', and sometime later explained llumon as 'a standard' [ c. l 757 L. Morris: 366] . The figurative idea of Pumlumon llumon

(which he did not discriminate from

meaning 'the five standards' has been accepted by many, e.g.

Pum

or

Pump Lumon

'five hills or points'

[ 1 862

G. Borrow: 2 59] . It is unclear which summits actually composed the 'five', H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.452] identified the 'five' as: 1 ) Pumlumon Cwmbuga at 625m (Monts.); 2) Pumlumon Arwystli at 741 rn; 3)

Camtrennig at

727m; 4)

Pumlumon-fawr at

752m; 5)

Pumlumon-fach

at 668m. Unfortunately it is not

likely that it is possible to view these 'five' from most directions, a writer for the Welsh Gazette noted without specifying which summits they were: "0 ardal Ystumtuen, gwelir pump brigyn ar :fynydd Pumlumon"

[ 1 924 WGaz. : 1 0/04/24 ] ; I. Williams [ 1 93 5: 8 5 ] reports: " clywais fod pum ban ar y mynyddoedd Llymon (Mons.), Liman c. l 1 30, is connected by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 73-74] to the adjective llym 'fast', and thus has no bearing on the name Pumlumon. Notwithstanding all the above interpretations it has not been proven that lluman 'standard' is the same as the term llumon. The meaning of llumon in

hyn. " The hn.

Welsh dictionaries is rather vague, its earliest attested meanings appear to have been 'chimney, flue, louver; ashes; ember', its meaning 'smoke', apparently, being due to an incorrect reanalysis of the common phrase

twll y llumon

for 'chimney'. E. Lhuyd [c. l 700 : 3 . 1 00] discoursed thus on the meaning of Pumlumon:

"Plym-llwman as Cambden [ 1 693] and others call the hill, we always call Plyrn-Llymon, and we can give no reason for it.

Mr. Mathews calls it Plymonia. Some think that lluman signifies ml-vg, and that the

mountain's right name is Bryn-llumon, because the top of it is commonly covered with mist, wears a cap as we say." As ingenious as is the explanation of llumon as 'smoke', I think we can dismiss it. I. Williams [ 1 9 3 5 : 85] explained

llumon

as " 'com (simnai)', wedyn 'mynydd tebyg i gorn simnai', cf

explanation followed by E. P. Hamp [ 1 975

mawn

bann", an Eriu: 25.258] who dissected llumon as *llud 'ash' (cf. I. luaith) +

'peat', the meaning of the term having developed semantically from 'peat-ash'

'chimney', so that

Pumlumon

-+

'hearth'

-+

meant 'five chimneys', however he also puts the question: "For the early

period when the nomenclature of Pumlumon arose, are we really assured that tall chimneys that might be likened to a mountain peak were all that common?" (note W.

simnai

'chimney' is a borrowing from

English, so that - before the irruptions of the Anglo-French - it seems likely that 'chimney' as a concept was originally unknown to the native wattled houses of the Welsh which had openings in their roofs rather than chimneys, see 1 944

pump

in

Pumlumon

I. C. Peate pp. 1 82-83). A. & B. Rees [ 1 96 1 : 1 75-76] seem to assert that the

refered to a traditional five-fold division of Wales along the lines of the Irish

provinces (I. cidge 'province', lit. 'fifth') : "In the centre of Wales, near the point where the north-western, north-eastern and south-western provinces and bishoprics met, is the mountain of Pumlumon ('five peaks'), [or, possibly, 'five banners (or beacons)'.] . . . Like the Stone of Divisions on Uisnech HilL not to mention the five-peaked world-mountain of Chinese tradition, Pumlumon symbolizes the whole. . . . To the south-east of the mountain . . . is the commote of Gwrtheyrnion, the land of Gwrtheyrn (Vortigern), the ruler of Britain at the time of the Saxon invasion.

His name, as Dr Nora K Chadwick has recently

observed, is the virtual equivalent of the Irish ard-ri ('high-king') and 'may originally have been a title'. " E .

1 095

(72) PERFEDD P. Hamp

[ 1 975 Eriu: 25.258] has also contended that Pumlumon was a religious spot (L. aedes). However, if

the term

llumon

was intended as representative of different provinces, it is simpler to refer to more local

commotes than to the largely theoretical five-fold division of Wales. An alternative, and probably simpler derivation of llumon which emphasises 'ember; ashes' as the o lder meanings of the Welsh word, enables

I. laom 'blaze', as well as to L. lumen 'light; lamp, torch', and liiminosus 'brilliant'. Stagnum Lumonoy noted c. 830 in a Welsh source [ 1 935 R. J. Thomas: 35], MW. Llyn Llumonwy [ 1 300% RBH ( 1890): 2 . 1 92], which is the Welsh version of Loch Laoiminn or Laomuinn (E. Loch Lomond, Scotland). And though it has crossed my mind that the rocks with eagle's nests reported in medieval Welsh tradition on each of the sixty islands of Llyn Llumonwy could be compared to 'stacks' thus giving the lake's name - "a nyth eryr ympop karrec" [ 1 300% RBH (l 890): 2. 1 92] - I feel happier in following W. J. Watson in understanding llumon to mean 'beacon': " Thus Lomond (llumon) is primarily us to related it to

Confirmation of this is to be found in the

the beacon hill, Ben Lomond; Llumonwy was the district at its base. The Lomond Hills in Fife are of course, also 'beacons', and one has only to look at the peaks of the East and West Lomond to see how well they were suited for that purpose. "

[ 1 926 w. J. Watson: 2 1 2] . Rather than being five separate hills, the

'five beacons' could therefore have been references to the use of five cairns on the summit of Pumlumon­

fawr

at an early period (only three cairns were noted in the late eighteenth century

cairns on Pumlumon are ancient, witness the story of Bedwyr and Cai sitting

[ 1790sur map]). The

ar Gam Gwylathyr

[c. l l OO(c. l 3 50) Culhwch ac Olwen: 34] to see in every direction, I venture that gwylathyr is a garbled form of gwyliadur 'watchman'. That particular cairn may be the same as one of the following: Cam Ddyddgu, Cam Hendwll [ c. l757 L. Morris: 77] were the names of two cairns on the summit. Rhos Blaennant -(SN 732-866)[ rhos + tn Blaennant] ; [hro·s,nant�'melm E. Humphreys] Rhos Blaen Nant 1 790sur map, Rhos fawr Bog 1 860>map Perfedd

Rhosgoch -(SN 698-845)[rhos + coch] ; Rhosgoch 1 790sur map

Rhyd-y-biswail - (SN 7 1 4-836) [rhyd + y + biswail]; Rhyd y Biswel c. 1 747 L.Morris p. 5 68, Rhyd y Biswell 1 747map L.Morris, Rhyd y Biswel l 778sur map, Rhyd y Biswell (sic loc.) 1 860>map Perfedd

M Richards [1963 : 2 1 4] noted another five Rhyd-y-biswail, the one in Llangurig being noted Rhyd Visuail ( 1 5 002/2) .

Rhydcaib -(SN 729-853)[rhyd + y + caibL [hri·d�'kajb E . Humphreys, hri:d�'gajb E. Howells] Rhyd Caib 1 747map L.Morris, Rhyd Carb O S 1 834, Rhydcarb 1 860>map Perfedd, Rhyd Carp (sic loc.) O S 1 8 9 1 , Rhyd y Caib OS 1 904, Rhyd y Gaib (ford) O S 1 982

[ 1 860>map Perfedd] it was located some 500m E (SN 734-854), where the old main to Ffair-rhos (58-a) crossed Nantglas. Though caib is most usually of feminine gender in present-day Welsh, GPC [s.v. caib] shows it to have sometimes been considered According to a map road from

Machynlleth (Monts.)

masculine, possibly this was the original gender. All the forms of this place-name until the OS map of 1 982 show no lenition, of the two oral forms displayed above, the form oldest informant, who also lived nearest this place, at Bwlchstyllen

hri:d�'kajb

was given by the

(72-a).

Rhyd-fach -(SN 758-850) [rhyd + bach]; [hri·d'va:z E. Howells] inf Rhydhwyaden -(SN 709-8 3 8) [rhyd + yr + hwyaden] ; Rhydhwyaden 1 800¥2map Blaencwmsymlog

Rhydlydan -(SN 623- 83 2)[rhyd + llydan] ; [p;mt,r�jal'o:k E. Williams] Rhyd Lydan c. l 747 L. Morris p . 5 68, (c) Rhyd Lydan 1 747map L.Morris, (c) Cau Rhydlydaw 1 787map R Davis

Rhyd-y-mingoch -(SN 624-8 3 8) [rhyd + n. Y Mingoch] (c) Cau Rhydymingoch 1 787map R Davis, (c) Cae Rhyd-y-mingoch 1 83 6map RM A l 1 8, (cl 09) Caerhydymyndock 1 843TMS Trefeurig, (cl06) Cae Rhydynengoch 1 843TMS Broncastellan, wrth Rydyfmgoch 1 978 Cardi vol. 1 1 p. 4, a Chae Rhyd-y-mingoch 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 1 7 The term

mingoch

'red-lips' appears t o be a description o f an individual, though

I do not know of its minddu, mingam, mingnvn. Lfani'gruka A Thomas, lujbir.fani'gr�ka E. Howells]

following a personal-name, for the construction, cf

Siani Grwca -(SN 803-876) [f.pn. S iani Grwca] ;

1 096

use

(72) PERFEDD Pen Shangrocca c. 1 850map Perfedd, Llwybr Shan-crwca + Shan-crwca OS 1 89 1 , Llwybr Shan-groca + Shan Groca OS 1 904, Llwybr S iani Groca + Carreg Siani Groca 1 973 C.Fychan p.85, Sian Groca OS1 982 Is Siani Grwca a stone, it would seem so from OS 1 89 1 , the path would then be named after the stone. Various explanations are given: a stone shaped like an old woman sitting [inf. A Thomas] ; an old woman from Llanidloes who sold stockings [inf. E. Howells] . Tordu -(SN 785-868)[tor + du] ; Tor Ddu 1 790sur map Trumiau Camdwr-mawr -(SN 746-869) [trumiau + tn. Camdwr-mawr (72-a)] ; [tnmje E. Howells, Gw. Jenkins, trg'ko:z (village), k:>ted3, now su:n�'fru:d W. J. & R Jones] Pen y Bont Goch 1 747map L.Morris, Bont GOch 1 767MR Genau'rglyn, Penbontgoch, Pontgoch 1 778sur map, Penbontgoch, Bontgoch 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Y Bont Goch 1 803map J. Singer, Penbontgoch 1 830PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Tan-y-bont-goch OS 1 834, Penybont (Eleirch) 1 84 1 cens. , Tan-y-bont Coch 1 843TMS, Bont Goch 1 845TMS, Tan y Bont Goch 1 856map CME, Bont-goch, Pont Coch 1 889Per. Genau'rglyn, Bont-g6ch, Elerch OS 1 89 1 , Elerch 0Sc. 1 950, Bont-Goch (Elerch) 08 1 982 Cf Rhydgoch (76-b). BOW STREET -(SN 622-845)[tn. Bow Street (London)] ; Redecastel (adj . ) 1 28 1 CalChartR p.28 1 , Rede Castel 1 284 (adj.) 1 284 Ca1IM vol. l p. 3 87, 'lying from a certain rivulet called' Rhyd-y-castell 1 566-67 Gog. OS p. 94, Bow Street 1 782PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bowstreet 1 792PR Llanflhangel Genau'rglyn, Boulstreet 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Bow Street 1 803map J. Singer, Bow Str. 1 803map B.H.Malkin, Bow Street OOS 1 823, Bow Street OS 1 834, a'r Bow Street 1 898 J.Hughes p. 3 , Bow Street OS 1 89 1 , Nant(-yr-)afallen (Bow Street) 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 8 For an explanation of the earlier name, Rhyd-y-castell, see sub Bryncastell (67-a). Bow Street antedates the Black Lion [ 1 978 Tincer: 5]. A tradition had it that a retired London tradesman was made a magistrate in Cardiganshire, . . . when he went to attend the meeting of the justices, called it going to his 'Bow Street', and from a trivial incident like this, the place gained its appellation [ 1886 Red Dragon: 1 0.80]. Bow Street, by another local account, was named about 1 8 1 5 (sic). In those days it consisted of only the Old Black Lion and a few mud cottages " . . . that period the government had established a magisterial office in London . . . At that time he [Mr Jones, Prysgaga] held his courts at the Old Black Lion, . . . when the parish constable called upon him to sign warrants, etc. , at his home at Brysgaga, he used to tell him to meet him at his office at Bow street. The constable would reply that he did not know where Bow Street was. Mr. Jones's answer was, 'Don't you know where the Black Lion is? I hold my magisterial office there, the same as they do in London. " [ 1 875 Byegones: 1 55]. The famed Bow Street Courts were held in London from the 1 740s. It is possible that the story related in 1 875 Byegones is substantially true, but the date of the incident is incorrect, as the frrst appearance of Bow Street in the parish registers dates of 1 777. A good candidate for the baptiser may be the Justice of the Peace, William Jones (?1 73 1 -79), Dolcletwr (77-a), who brought Prysgaga in 1 765. He was High Sheriff of Cardiganshire in 1 766, and is believed to have moved to Prysgaga c. 1 770-73 [ 1 978 Tincer: 5] . "A number of attempts have been made to find an alternative name to Bow Street. For example in 1 909 it was suggested it should be changed to 'Bow Stryd'. I More recently Welsh alternatives have been put forward including Nantafallen. (The name of the old people's block of flatlets was chosen as Afallen Deg) . " [inf. 1 992 Radio Bronglais leaflet: 6 ] . The census abstract of 1 85 1 noted villages at Bow Street, Pengarn (73-a), and Rhydpennau (73-a) [ 1 851 Ab cens.] , which, with the building along the main road have been joined in one continuous settlement, now known as Bow Street though many of the inhabitants of Pengarn and Rhydpennau still resent the eclipse of the names of their particular hamlets. Bro-Gynin-fach -(SN 663-847)[bro + pn Cynin (+ bach)] ; Broginnin vach 1 73 5 Crosswood MSS, Broginnan-vach 1 745 Crosswood MSS, Broginin vach 1 744map L.Morris, Broginan 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Broginan fach 1 768rent Crosswood, Broginan als. Broginan fach 1 768 Crosswood MS S, Broginin cot. ? 1 77 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Broginan fach 1 775 Crosswood MS S, Broginin vach 1 778sur map, Broginin fach 1 808PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Broginin-fach Ffarm 1 828PR '

-

1098

(73) GENAU'RGLYN Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn, Bron Garnedd fach (sic) OOS 1 834, Broginnin-fach OS 1 834, Brogininfach 1 84 l cens. , Broginnan fach 1 843TMS, Broginin fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 5

Broncastellan -(SN 633 -840) [bron + t n Castellan] ; [a'vr:1n E . Williams, vr:1n, p n l:Jm;,'vr:1n K . Lewis, vr:1uka 'stclan, vr:1n'isa K. Lewis] Castelham > 1 246(1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Castellan > 1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, (c) Brynn Bronn Gastelhann c. l 600 S .D . Rhys p. l 44, Brongastellan 1 61 5 Gwynfryn MSS, Brongastellan 1 6 1 5 Nouadd MSS , Broncastellan 1 74 5 Crosswood MSS, Bron Castellan 1 747map L.Morris, Bron Castelan 1 768rent Crosswood, Fron 1 780PR Llanbadam-fawr, Fron 1 784PR Llanbadam-fawr, Bron-castellan OS 1 89 1 , Y Fron 1 992 D. Jenkins p. 76, Fron-isa 1 992 D. Jenkins p.23 The

-isa is in opposition to Frondeg (73-a). The castellan may refers to either Hengaer (73-b), or the

fortification referred to in Bryncastell (67-a); see 1 868 B. Williams p. I 42.

Bronwydd -(SN 626-850) [tn. Bronwydd ( 1 3-a)]; Bronwyd OS 1 982

Bryngwyn-bach -(SN 642-860)[bryn + gwyn (+ bach)] ; Bryngwyn bach 1 767MR Genau'rglyn, Bryngwyn bach 1 787map R Davis, Bryngwyn bach 1 808PR Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn, Bringwyn bach OOS 1 823, Bryn-gwyn-bach OS 1 834, Bryngwyn bach 1 834sur map Bryngwyn, Bryngwyn-bach OS 1 89 1

Bryngwyn-canoi - (SN 644-862)[bryn + gwyn (+ canol)] ; Bryngwyn canol 1 806PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Bringwyn ganol OOS 1 823, Bryn-gwyn-canol OS 1 834, Bryngwyncanol 1 83 4sur map Bryngwyn, Bryn-gwyn-canol OS 1 89 1 Bryngwyn-isa -(SN 639-860)[bryn + gwyn (+ isaf)] ; Bryn-gwyn-isaf OS 1 834, Bryngwyn issa 1 845TMS, Bryn-gwyn-isaf OS 1 89 1

Cae'rfelin -(SN 623-848)(cae + y r + melin] ; Caerfelin 1 977 Tincer n. 3

A housing estate, b. 1 976-77 [ 1 977 Tincer: 3 ] ; b. 1 978 [ 1 990 Tincer: 1 33]. Refers to Me/in Rhiwael (67-a). Caergywydd -(SN (ii)628-85 1 )[caer + cywydd ? ] ; Kayr Gowidd 1 60 1 in 1 93 8 E. G. Jones, Cae yr GoiD' 1 690rent £ 8, Caer Gowydd 1 745 Crosswood MSS , Cae'rgowydd 1 768rent Crosswood, Caergywydd

1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cae'rgywydd

1 806PR

Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn, Caergowydd OOS 1 823, Caergywyd 1 84 l cens. , Caergowydd 1 845TMS, Gaer­ gywydd OS 1 89 1 , Caer Gywydd 1 91 2 Cymru vol. 43 p. 1 1 2, Caergywy 'was the original form' 1 957b RJ. Thomas p. l 6 i) SN 623 -853 . 1 845. ii) SN 628-85 1 . 1 891 .

A. Hogg [ 1994: 263] note: "A very large ditch, 6 m wide and at least 2 m deep, running east-west, was noted during the There are no apparent remains of fortifications right near this site, J. L. Davies & A. H.

construction of a gas pipeline in 1 986. The farm immediately to the east is called Caergywydd," but as the earlier location of Caergywydd was 3 50m WNW of the site, rather than l OOm, the evidence is less probing. It is more probable that it was the old name of an unlocated fortification on Rhiwael (74-a) land, see sub Bryncastell (67-a). A reference to the fortifications at Hengaer (73-b), 1 . 2km sw, is also a feasibility. The word cywydd whose original meaning seems to have been 'harmony, appropriateness' [GPC s.v.

cywydd] is best known as a poetic term for a type of metrical composition but if we are dealing with the same word it is unlikely that its meaning here had anything to do with poetry. A writer in Cymru [ 1 912: 43. 1 12] stated that the meaning of cywydd here was 'to see' (which explanation at least has the advantage of agreeing with CC.

*wid- 'see', the root of cywydd). GPC [ s.v. cyW)'dd] gives another word c:yWydd which

means 'clear, bright, pleasant' .

Cambrian -(SN 623-848)[E.tn. Cambrian] ; Cambrian House 1 84 1 cens. , Cambrian 1 98 1 Tincer n. 39 Built by railway people anticipating a hotel, but it did not get the support of the Tincer: 39] .

Cambrian Railway [ 1 981

Capel-y·gam -(SN 626-854)[capel + tn. Cam[faelgwn] (73-a)] ; Pen y Garn Chapel l 803map J. Singer, Capel O S 1 834, Penygarn 1 85 1 Rel cens. p . 5 3 9, Methodist Chapel (Calvinistic) OS 1 89 1 , Capel Pen y Gam als. Capel y Garn 'fel y gelwir ef gan rai' 1 898 Cymru vol. l 5 pp. 28-29, Gam c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 276, Capel y Gam OS 1 904, Y Gam 1 906 J.J.Morgan

1099

(73) GENAU'RGLYN p. l 57, Gam Malgwyn 1 9 1 6 D. Thomas p . 6 8, Capel Pen y Gam, or

as

it is called by some' Capel y Gam

1 979 Tincer n. 1 6, Chapel OS 1 982 i) b. l 793

ii)

( 1 851Rel cens. : 540; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 109] . [1987 B. J. Rawlins: 109] . The second chapel was on the site of Mae/gwyn Cottage [1 898 Cymru:

b. l 8 1 2

1 5. 29] .

ii) SN 626-854.

b. 1 83 1 [ 1 85 1 Re1 cens. : 539] ; b. l 83 3 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 09]; denom. CM. Carnfaelgwn -(SN 626-8 5 3)[carn + pn. Maelgwn] ; (c) Carn Vaelgwyn 1 727 Nouadd MSS , Cam Valgwyn 1 765MR Genau'rglyn, Penygarnwelgy + Llidiart Pen y Gam 1 772MR Genau'rglyn, Rhyd-y-pennau issa 1 78 7map R Davis, Cae Mal Gwynne 1 8 1 1 -25 NLW misc. MS S vol. 4 p. 7, Cae Malgwyn OS 1 834, Cae Malgwyn 1 845TMS, Cae Maelgwyn, Ca' Malgwn, Cam Maelgwn 1 898 Cymru vol. 1 5 p.28, (bn.) Carnfaldwyn 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.43 p. l l 2, Caemalgwyn 1 9 1 6 D. Thomas p. 69

This

name seems to commemorate the fifth-century ruler Maelgwn

Gwynedd,

an archetypal tyrant in the

Welsh saints' lives, who was said in Uita Sancti Patemi to have had an altercation with saint Padarn in the nearby vicinity, cf sub

Rhiwael-ucha (74-a), Traethmaelgwn (77-b).

"Pan oeddis yn gwneud yr 'hewl

drympeg' o Aberystwyth i Fachynlleth tua 1 806, dargan:fyddwyd earn enfawr gerllaw y fan yr erys Pengarn heddyw, yn Hawn esgyrn dynol blith-draphlith. "

[ 1 9 1 2 Cymru: 43.1 12] ; cairn dest. c. 1 8 1 7 [ 1 867 AC : 1 3.287] . As the chapel was in existence in 1 793 and 1 803 it could not have been built exactly on the site of

the cairn as is intimated by some authorities such as 1 9 1 6 D. Thomas p.68. The original element

cam cae by the early nineteenth century. The bardic name of Thomas Edwards, a poet born at Caergywydd, was Camfaldwyn [ 1 91 2 Cymru: 43 . 1 1 2], where the incorrect Malgwyn was further reanalysed as Maldwyn - suggested by Trefaldwyn (E. Montgomery, Monts.); see Rhydpennau (73seems to have been replaced by

a). Cross Street -(SN 625-8 50) [E . cross + street] ; [kr:1s'strit J. Rees] Cross Street OS 1 982, Y Lon Groes, Cross Street (sign) The name

Cross Street

applied to a row of houses on a road running at a right-angle to the main road.

The Welsh Longroes 'cross lane' is a recent translation of Cross

Street which was an English name, just Street: Cock-and-hen Street and Threadneedle Street near Blac-leion (73a) [inf J. Rees] . R G. Gruffydd [ 1 996: 1 5] is mistaken in supposing this name to be a calque of *Heol-y­ groes, with reference to a cross connected to the name Prysgaga (73-a). Cwmglo - (SN 68 1 -852)[cwm + y + glo]; [kum'glo: H. Thomas] like other built-up lanes in Bow

Nant y Glo fl. l 365(c. 1 600) DG (Peniarth MS 49) p. 1 30, 'i Gwm y Gro' f1. 1 365 DG p.2 57, Tyddyn Cw[m] y Gro 1 54 1 -42 Gog.OS in 1 992 D . Jenkins p . 3 9, Cwm y Glo 1 745 Crosswood MS S, Cwmyglo 1 768rent Crosswood, Cwm Glo, Cwm y Glo 1 778sur map, Cwm y Glo 1 78 8MR Genau'rglyn, Cwmglo 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwm Glo OOS 1 834, Cwm-y-glo O S 1 8 34, Cwm y Glo 1 845TMS, Cwm-y-glo OS 1 89 1 , Cwmglo OS 1 982 Whilst

Cwm-y-gro and Cwmglo are

obviously similar, there appears no regular phonetic mechanism that

can account for the development of the former to the latter. Only popular etymology can account for the variation.

Cwmglo-bach -(SN 678-8 5 1 )[cwm + y + glo (+ bach)] ; [kum,glo:'ba:x H. Thomas] Cwm-y-glo-bach OS 1 89 1

Cwrt -(SN 645-846)[cwrt]; [kurt'farm K . Lewis] The Court Grange 1 690rent £ 7, Court 1 74 5 Crosswood MS S , Cwrt c. 1 747 L. Morris p . 5 68, Tyrmynich, Court 1 760CF, Coast 1 765MR Genau'rglyn,

Y

Cwrt 1 744map L. Morris, Court 1 778sur map, Cwrt

1 803 map J. S inger, Cwrt 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwrt (2x) 008 1 823, Cwrt OS 1 8 34, Cwrt OS 1 89 1 ,

Y Cwrt

1 992 D . Jenkins p. 88

This along with Melin-y-cwrt

(73-a) constituted the administrative centre of the grange of Tirmynach (e). [1 992 D. Jenkins: 88] .

The courts of Tirmynach were held

Dol-lipa -(SN 6 5 1 -860)[dol + llipa] ; Ole Lippa 1 726 Crosswood MS S, Dol y Nippa 1 745 Crosswood MSS, Dolymppa 1 7 5 5 Crosswood MS S , Ddolen Lippa 1 768 Crosswood MS S, Dolynippa 1 768rent Crosswood, Dole Lippa 1 775 Crosswood MSS , Dol Lippa 1 77 8sur map, Dole Lippa 1 802PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Dolenlipa 1 987 Tincer n. 96

1 100

(73) GENAU'RGLYN The eighteenth-century forms suggest this place was originally known as Dolenlipa - the Ole Lippa of 1 726 is too obviously garbled to infirm the other forms. In the case of the field Cae Tirllipa (SN 77-30, Myddfai, Carms.), it has been suggested that llipa is a development of 1/etbai 'askew, sloping downwards' [ 1 991 D. B. James: 223], and whilst 1/etbai is certainly behind Cae-1/epa (Caems.) [ 1 945 I. Williams: 1 0] , only an irregular development could make 1/etbai � llipa in south-western Welsh, though reanalysis might be feasible. The significance of llipa 'limp, flaccid' in toponymy is unclear: "Os na fyddai llawer o dro yn yr afon yna fe fyddai'r ddol yn gul, diafael neu lipa a dyna'n union beth sydd i'w weld yn Dolenlipa. " [ 1 987 Tincer: 96] . It is possible that llipa was part of a surname, e.g, Thome ap Dd. Lippa (Aberteifi) [ 1 433 Orig.AC : 2 1] . Ebeneser -(SN 683-862)[Bibl.tn. Ebenezer]; Capel OS 1 834, Bontgoch 1 85 1Rel cens. p.541, Meth. Chap. (Wes. ) OS 1 89 1 , Capel Ebenezer OS 1 904, Capel Wesleaid Bontgoch 1 976 Papur Pawb n. 1 8, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 83 6 [ 1851Rel cens . : 541 ; 1 976 Papur Pawb: 1 8; 1 980 E. Edwards: 69] ; ren. 1 874 ( 1 980 E. Edwards: 69; 1 976 Papur Pawb: 1 8; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 1 2] ; denom. WM. Frondeg -(SN 636-842)[y + bron + teg]; [vr:m'de:g K. Lewis] Ty Cam 1 787map RDavis, Y Fron Deg OOS 1 823, Fron-deg OS 1 834, Frondeg 1 845TMS, Fron-deg OS 1 89 1 Glan-yr-afon -(SN 630-859)[glan + yr + afon] ; Glan-yr-afon OS 1 89 1 Glandwr -(SN 637-840)[glan + y + dwr] ; (cs) Cau Glandwr issa + ucha 1 787map R.Davis, Glandwr 1 84 l cens. , Glan-dWr OS 1 89 1 , GlandWI--uchaf + -isaf 1 992 D.Jenkins p.23 Gwaith Blaencastell -(SN 693-848)[gwaith + tn. Blaencastell (72-a)] ; [gwaj9, bla1J'kastcl E. Humphreys] Lletty Evan Hen Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 23 , Llety Evan Hen als. Vaughan Mine 1 80m12 Nanteos fpls . , Lletty-evan-hen Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Lletty-evan-hen Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Llettyhen als. Vaughan 1 922 O . T. Jones p. l 44, Lletty Evan Hen als. Vaughan 1 976 D.E.Bick p.32, Llettyhen 1 985 R Burt et a/. p.64 For a map of the leat that fed Gwaith Blaencastell, see 1 977 CER vol. 8fac. p.2 1 8. Gwaith Pencefn -(SN 654-855)[gwaith + tn. Pencefn (73-a)]; Tir y Mynych 1 747map L.Morris, Tir y Mynych 'mine' 1 756a L.Morris f. 37, Mine Works 1 778sur map, Court Grange 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 7, Court Grange Mine (lead) OS 1 891 , Court Grange Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Penycefn als. Court Grange 1 922 O.T.Jones p.60, Penycefn OS 1 974 Geol. map For a map of the two leats that fed Gwaith Pencefn, see 1 977 CER vol. 8 fac. p.2 1 8. The earlier leat b. bet. 1 778-1842, whilst the later leat b.> 1 842 came from Mynyddgorddi reservoir, probably 1 848> the leat was extended to the river Eleri [ 1 977 CER: 8.2 1 7 ] . Gwynfryn -(SN 626-853)[gwyn + bryn] ; Gwynfryn OS 1 982 Llawrcwm-mawr -(SN (ii)7 1 2-853)[llawr + y + cwm (+ mawr)] ; [iawkum'mawr E. Humphreys] Llyast Llawr Cernneiddy 1 73 0/3 1 Crosswood MSS, Llawr Cwm Yniddig 1 736/37 Crosswood MSS , Llawr Neiddi 1 744map L.Morris, Llawr y Cwmymddig 1 745 Crosswood MSS, Llawrcwmyddig 1 75 5 Crosswood MSS, Blaencwmarneiddy + Ffrwdywrach (prox.) 1 760CF, Cwmarneyddi 1 764MR Genau'rglyn, Llyast Llawr y Cwm 1 768 Crosswood MSS, Llawr y Cwmyddig 1 768rent Crosswood, Llawr-y-cwm 1 775PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llawrycwm yr Neiou 1 804PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llawr Cwrn 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Llawr Cwm mawr OOS 1 834, Llawr-neuddu OS 1 834, Llawrcwm 1 845TMS, Llawr-y-cwm-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Llawr-y-cwm-mawr OS 1 904 i) SN 7 1 2-8 5 1 . 1 89 1 . ii) SN 7 1 2-853. 1 904-82. The -mawr is in opposition to Llawrcwm-bach (76-a). The element neuddu (if this be its true spelling) is wholly obscure, but is also found in Esgyr Neuddu [ OS1 834] for nearby Esgair Neuodd (76-b); and Neuddu (SN 9 1-75, St Harmon, Rads.), i Graig y Neuddu [ 1 968 G. F. Payne: 2.126], Neuadd-ddu (sic) (OS1 982] ; cf Craigpistyll (76-b). The fmal attested in some forms is most probably non-etymological, cf. Hafodronwy (49-a), hn. Coif Could a plural or a substantivised derivative of anneddf 'lawlessness, outlawry', *anneddfi account for * 'neuddi? (cf Trefddyn � Treuddyn), both the above places adjoin medieval borders; cf brm'ej1246( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, 'terre' Arcoyt 1 277-80 in 1 897 R.A.Roberts p. 1 29, Argoit, Egvenyn ?? > 1 282(1 425) cart. Ystradfflur, Tythen-Esger-Argoed 1 579-80 Gog. OS p. 84, Eskair Argoed 1 582-83 Gog.OS p. 37, Tyddyn y Caye newidd yn Argoyed 1 623 H.H.Hughes MSS, Tythyn y Caye newydd yn Argoed 1 669 H.H.Hughes MSS, Argoed 1 760CF, Argoed fawr 1 768 H.H.Hughes MSS, Argoed fawr 1 771MR Genau'rglyn, Argod vaur 1 772MR Genau'rglyn, Argoed fawr OOS 1 834, Argoed-fawr OS 1 834, Argoed­ fawr O S 1 89 1 For the doubtful early forms, see sub Talbont (76-a). Barics Nant-y-nod -(SN 702-907)[barics + tn. Nant-y-nod (76-a)] ; [bariks,nant�'no:d Gw. Jenkins] Barracks OS 1 904 Barics Esgairhir -(SN 729-908)(barics + tn. Esgairhir (76-b)] ; The New Town 'called' Welsh Potozi 1 699map W.Waller, Oerfa-ddu (sic) OS 1 834, Esgir Hir, Mine Barracks 1 845TMS, Esgair Hir Barracks 1 800%rnap RM A1 56, Barracks OS 1 89 1 , The Barracks 1 922 0. T. Jones p.49, Barracks Esgair-hir 1 956 Lloffion Llangynfelyn n.4, Y Baracs 1 975 Papur Pawb n. 79, Y Barics 1 982 Papur Pawb n. 79, Baracs Esgair Hir 1 990 Papur Pawb n. 1 64 School here bet. 1 883-93 [ 1 975 Papur Pawb: 5] . Berthlwyd -(SN 660-892)[y + perth + llwyd]; [berO'lujd Gw. Jenkins, E. James, old name was penbrm'pe·le Gw. Jenkins] Tythin-y-Berth-Llwyd 1 585-86 Gog. OS p. 80, Tythin-issa-yn-y-Berth als. Tythin-y-Berth-Lloyd 1 674 Gog. OS pp. 3 8-39, Penbrynpele 1 722MR Genau'rglyn, Tythin Ty yn y Berth 1 752 Maes-newydd (A) MSS, Berthlwid 1 778MR Genau'rglyn, Penbryn Pele 1 808PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Berthlwyd 1 8 1 1 PR Llanfthangel Genau'rg)yn, Tythin Twynyberth 1 824 Maes-newydd MSS, Pen Bryn Peleu 1 828PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Berth-lwyd OS 1 834, (c600a) Cae Pinbryn Fele (SN 669-893) 1 843TMS, Berth1\\ryd OS 1 89 1 One is tempted t o understand the alias as *Penbrynbelau 'top o f the hill o f the marten', but all the forms show the word to be pe·le, perhaps a plural ofpel 'ball, prize'. The vocalism of the first syllable is likely to make it different from the obscure element in Nantpele (1 9-a). Bethel -(SN 654- 895)[Bibl.tn. Bethel]; Bethel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p . 540, Bethel Chapel (Indt.) OS1 891 , 'first called' Y 'Croes' ? 1 895 in 1 979 Papur Pawb n 54, Talybont (Bethel) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.280, Capel Bethel OS 1 904, Chaps OS 1 982 1 12 9

(76) GENAU'RGL YN b. 1 805 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: l l O] ; b. 1 808 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens.: 540]; enl. 1 8 1 5 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 280; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 1 10); b. 1 830 (1 987 B. J. Rawlins: l l O] ; denom. I. Betbesta -(SN 693-885)[Bibl.tn. Bethesda]; Indt. Chap. OS 1 891, Bethesda, Tynant c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Capel Bethesda OS 1 904 b. 1 846 [ 1 978 Papm Pawb: 42] ; b. 1 850 [c.1 902 E. R Horsfall-Tmner: 278] ; b. 1 85 5 [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: I l l ] ; ren. 1 88 1 [1 978 Papm Pawb: 42] ; became a church in 1 87 1 [ 1 978 Papm Pawb: 42] ; denom. I. Beudy-bach -(SN 68 1 -900)[beudy + bach] ; [ti·'ba:x Gw. Jenkins] Tan-llechwedd OS 1 89 1 , Beudy-bach O S 1 904, Beudy-bach OS1 982 Beudy-gwyn -(SN 736-890) [beudy + gwyn] ; Boidy Gwyn, (c) Llechwedd Boidy-gwyn 1 859map Gogerddan n. 24 A cowhouse to Dolrhuddlan (76-a) . Blac-leion -(SN 654-892)[E. black + lion]; Tythyn Rrwng y Ddwy Avon ?? 1 550 Edwinsford MSS p. 700, Tythin-aber-y-ddog-avon ? 1 587-88 Gog. OS p. 74, Tythin-aber-y-ddwy-avon in Talibont ? 1 5 88 Gog. OS p.43, Black Lion 1 84 1 cens. , Black Lion Hotel OS 1 891 , Ty mawr 'old name', Black Lion 1 956 Lloffion Llangynfelyn vol.2, o'r Blac 1 982 Papur Pawb n 79, Tymawr 'as it was called' Y Llew Du 'in the 1 860s' 1 982 H.Llwyd p. 9 Cf A berddwyafon (76-b). Blaenceulan -(SN 71 1 -901 ) [blaen + hn. Ceulan] ; [bla·n'kilan E. James, blan'kejlan Gw. Jenkins] Blaencaylan 1 760CF, 'liberty' Cailan 1 763MR Genau'rglyn, Blaencaulan 1 803PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Blaen Ceulan 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenceulan 1 808PR Llanf:thangel Genau'rglyn, Blaen Ceulan OOS 1 834, Blaen-ceulan OS1 834, Blaen-ceulan OS 1 89 1 Blaencletwr-fach -(SN 699-91 7) [blaen + hn. Cletwr (+ bach)] ; [blajn ,kletur'va:x E . James] Blaen Clyttwr fach 1 803map J. Singer, Blaen Clyddwr bach OOS 1 834, Blaen Clettwr bach OS 1 834, Blaen Clettwr fach 1 845TMS The :fach is in opposition to Blaencletwr:fawr (77-a). Blaennant -(SN 678-908) [blaen + y + nant] ; [bla nant Gw. Jenkins, blajn'ant E. James] Blannant 1 760CF, Blaen y Nant OOS 1 834, Blaen-y-nant O S 1 834, Blaen Nant 1 845TMS, Blaen-y-nant OS 1 89 1 Braichgarw -(SN 66 1 - 888)[braich + garw] ; [braj:x;'garu Gw. Jenkins, E . James] Braich Garrw 1 656 H.H.Hughes MSS, Bwlch y Braych ? 1 669 H.H.Hughes MSS, [ ] wlch y Braich, Braich Garw 1 705 H. H.Hughes MSS, Bra'ch Garw 1 770l\.1R Genau'rglyn, Braichgarrw 1 77 1 MR Genau'rglyn, Braich Garw 1 8 1 1PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Cilfach-y-rhew O S 1 834, Cilfach-y-rhew, Cilfach y Rhiw 1 845TMS, Braich Garw 1 84 1 cens. , Braich-garw OS 1 89 1 Braichgarw-ucha -(SN 66 1 -887) [braich + garw ( + uchaf)] ; Braichgarw (uchaf) 1 975 Papur Pawb n.8, Braichgarw uchaf OS 1 982 Bronafon -(SN 635-862)[bron + yr + afon] ; Bronafon OS 1 982 Bronnallt -(SN 6 8 1 -884)[bron + allt] ; [br=>nait Gw. Jenkins, vr=>nalt E. James, H. Thomas] Bron-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Fronallt OS 1 904 Brynfedwen-fach -(SN 700-885)[bryn + y + bedwen (+ bach)] ; [br()'vawr Gw. Jenkins] East Penpontbren OS 1 974 Geol. map, Tips (dis), Quarry (dis) 08 1 982 The stones to build the village of Talbont (76-a), came from here [inf Gw. Jenkins] . Cwmbyr -(SN 7 1 0-885)[cwm + byr] ; [kum'bir Gw. Jenkins, W. J . & R Jones] Tyhyne y Kwm Byrr 1 61 4 Gogerddan MSS box D 1 , Tythyn y C wmm Byrr 1 63 9 Gogerddan MSS box D 1 , Cwmbyr 1 760CF, Cwmbyr, Cwmbyrr 1 808PR Llanflhangel Genau'rglyn, Cwm Byr 008 1 834, Cwm-byr 08 1 89 1 Cwmcau -(SN 645-865)[cwm + cau] ;

1 132

(76) GENAU'RGL YN Cwmcae 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS, Cwmcae 1 800PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmcou 1 80 5PR Llanbadarn­ fawr, Cwm Cai 1 808PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Cwmcau 1 8 1 0PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmcai 1 8 1 4PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmcae OOS 1 823, Cwm Cau OS 1 834, Cwm Cau 1 845TMS, Cwm-cau OS 1 891

Cwmidw -(SN 656-890) [ ? ] ; [kum'idu Gw. Jenkins] Cwm Udw OS 1 982

Cwmydw-isa (SN 23-29), or Cwmydw (SN 78-31 , Myddfai, Canns.) [ 1 991 D. B. 25] ; cf gwenhidwy '(little) sprite, goblin, apparition; weak, puny person' [GPC s.v. gwenhidwy] , northern Welsh cnidw [GPC s .v. cnidw, gwenhidwy] 'child, insignificant person', which according to GPC contains gwen + an unexplained element hidwy, hidyw, hidiw; this may be the same as hudwg 'bugbear, bogy, scarecrow', found with the expected affection as hwdwg in southern Welsh [GPC s.v. hudwg] , if all these are the same word, then I would suppose that the final is epithetic. Unlikely to be iddw, cf Cwmittw, an 1 68 9 alias of Cwmhwilog (64-a). This may have been named after

James: 67] . A large serpent here [ 1 9 77 Papur Pawb:

Cwmleri -(SN 648-89 1 ) [cwm + hn. Eleri] ; Tyddyn Cum Elery ?? 1 54 1 Edwinsford MS S, Cwm Lery 1 874 A. Francis p . 8 , Cwm Leri Lode 1 922 O. T.Jones p . 54, Cwm Leri Mine 1 976 S . J . S .Hughes p. 1 8, Lerry, Lery Mining Co. Ltd. 1 98 5 R.Burt

al.

et

p. 5 9

C f (c)

Coed Cwm-leri ( S N 68 1 - 877)

[08 1 904] .

Cwm Rhydgoch -(SN 682-866)[cwm + tn. Rhydgoch (76-b)] ; Cwm Rhydgoch OS 1 982

Cymerau -(SN 683 -882)[cymerau] ; [kum'ere W. J. & R. Jones, H. Thomas] Cwmere 1 760CF, Cymmerav 1 769PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmere 1 778PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Curnerau 1 803PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwmmerau 1 803rnap J. Singer, Cwrnerau 1 805PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Cwrn Ereu 008 1 83 4, Cwmmere 1 84 1 cens. , Cwmereu O S 1 89 1

Cymerau-bach -(SN 685- 8 84)[cymerau (+ bach) ] ; Curnerau bach 1 8 1 2PR Llanbadarn-fawr, C wmmere bach 1 84 1 cens . , Cwmere bach 1 843TMS

Cyneinog -(SN 7 1 9-880)[pn. Cynan + -iog/cenhinog ?] ; [k�'ni·n�g Gw. Jenkins, W. J. & R. Jones, k�'nejn�g E. James] Tythin-yr-ystrad 'in' Keninock 1 5 85-86 Gog. O S p. 75, Kynninog 1 65 8 H. H. Hughes MSS, Kaninog 1 699rnap W. Waller, Caninogg 1 699 W.Waller p. 6, Cynnein[

] 1 705 H.H.Hughes MSS, Caneinog

1 747rnap L.Morris, Ceneiniog 1 760CF, Caneinog 1 803map J. Singer, Cyneiniog 1 806PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Cyneinog OOS 1 834, Cau-neiniog OS 1 834, Cynerniog 1 84 1 cens . , Cyneiniog 1 845TMS, Cyneiniog 1 85 9map Gogerddan n.24, Cyneiniog O S 1 891 , 'called' Cyneinog 'and' Cyneinjog 1 908 J.Rhys p. 3 8

*Congeniiici, after the pn. Cynen; it seems simpler to Cynan. If the initial vowel of the sixteenth-century form can be trusted we may have a derivative of cennin + -og, cf hn. Ceninnuc, Ceninuc (? OS Gwemenog, Llansoy, Mons.) [ c. l l 40 LL: 1 88) . In which case the diphthong is due to a hypercorrection, which would demand a in the J. Rhys

[1908: 38]

derived this place-name :from

derive it from the pn.

adjoining northern dialect of Montgomeryshire.

Cynnull-mawr -(SN 654-873)[cynnull + mawr] ; Cynill mawr 1 760CF, Cynnyll mawr 1 786 in 1 949

H. Owen p.785,

Cynnyll mawr 1 803 map J. S inger, Cyn­

yll-mawr 1 83 1 Maes-newydd MS S, Cynyll mawr OOS 1 834, Cynyll-mawr O S 1 834, Cynnull mawr 1 845TMS, Cynnull-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Cynnul1 1 975 Papur Pawb n. 9 In this toponym the significance of cynnul/ 'collection' is not wholly clear, but as it was also the name of a

parse/ ofLlanfihangel Genau'rglyn parish we may hazard that it referred to tithe, cf. am gynvll degwm 'for collecting tithe' [ 1491-95 RepWMSS: 2. 1 .254] ; c£ Cynnull (SN 71-30, Myddfai, Carrns.). The term cynnull also refers to tax collecting, animals, and crops [GPC s.v. cynnull, cynullaf] ; see sub Talbont (76-a). Derwendeg -(SN 634-863 )[derwen + teg]; Derwen Deg OS 1 982

Dolan -(SN 63 5-862)[dolau] ; [d�·le E. Williams (Cominscoch)] Do leu 1 770MR Genau'rglyn, Dole 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS, Dole 1 806PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Dolau OOS 1 834, Dolau OS 1 8 34, Dolau OS 1 8 9 1 Letter in the Cambrian News complaining about the old sign Dole having been replaced by a Do/au [1 980 CN: 1 9/12/80]. Comprising: 1 ) Bronafon, 2) Carregafon, 3) Derwendeg, 4) Glynd\Vr, 5) Penweddig, 6) Rhos Hengaer, 7) Talardeg.

1 13 3

new sign

(76) GENAU'RGLYN Dolgamwen -(SN 703-880)[dol + tn Garnwen] ; [d�lgar'wen Gw. Jenkins, W. J. & R Jones] Dol y Garnwen 1 780PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Dolgarnwen 1 803map J. Singer, Gogerwen, Gogarwen 1 843TMS, Gogarwen 1 856map CME, Dol-gam-wen OS 1 89 1 , Dolgarwen 1 974 Papur Pawb n 2 Dolgau -(SN 640-868) [dol + cau] ; Pen y Ddolgau 1 727 Nouadd MSS, Dolgay 1 760CF, Dolgau 1 804PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Ddolgau 1 808PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Ddolgai 1 8 1 0PR Llarrfihangel Genau'rglyn, Dol Gau OOS 1 823 , Dol­ gau O S 1 834, Dolgau 1 845TMS, Dol-gau OS 1 891 Dolglynnen -(SN 707-901 )[dol + celynnen]; [do·l 'gl D. Jones p.28, i Waith Bwlchglas 1 974 Papur Pawb n.2, Bwlchglas O S 1 974 Geol. map, yng Ngwaith Bwlchglas 1 976 Papur Pawb n.20, ym Mhwllglas (sic) 1 990 Papur Pawb n. l 60 Gwaith Camdwr-bach -(SN 739-885) [gwaith + tn. Camdwr-bach (76-a)] ; [ti·'powdur E. James] Camdwr bach Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. l l , South Cambrian Mine als. Carndwr bach 1 8002/z Nanteos fpls., South Cambrian Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Camdwr-bach Mine (disused) OS 1 904, North Brynyrafr 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 1 1 Gwaith Camdwr-biti -(SN 737-883)[gwaith + tn. Carndwr-biti (76-a)]; [gwaj8,kamdur'brti Gw. Jenkins] Pit (dis) OS 1 982, East Henfwlch (prox. , SN 737-883) 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 58 Gwaith Cefngwyn -(SN 678-869)[gwaith + tn. Cefngwyn (76-a)] ; Cefn Gwyn Mine 1 874 A.Francis p.2 1 , Cefn-gwyn Mine (lead) OS 1 891 , Cefn-gwyn Mine (disused) OS 1 904 Gwaith Cynnull-mawr -(SN 659-872)[gwaith + tn. Cynnull-mawr (76-a)] ; Cynell fawr Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 6, Cynnullrnawr OS 1 974 Geol. map, Shaft (dis), Level (dis) O S 1 982 Gwaith Elgar -(SN 662-860)[gwaith + tn. Elgar (76-a)]; Elgar Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 6, Elgar Mine (lead) OS 1 891 , Elgar Mine (disused) OS1 904, Elgar 1 922 0. T. Jones p. 1 38 Gwaith Esgairfraith -(SN 74 1 -9 1 1 )[gwaith + tn. Esgairfraith (76-b)] ; Escair Fraith Copper Mine 1 803rnap J. Singer, Escair Vraith Copper Mines 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. l42, 'eastern part of the mine [of Esgairhir] called' Esgairfraith 'sometimes [these two are] treated as two different mines' 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 0, Cambrian Copper Works OS 1 89 1 , Esgair-fraith Mine OS 1 904, Esgair Fraith 1 966 J.M.Davies p.65, Cambrian 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 1 6 Gwaith Esgairhir -(SN (ii)73 5-91 2)[gwaith + tn . Esgairhir (76-b)] ; 'mines' Bwlch yr Esgair Hir (i) 1 692 Bronwydd MSS, Bwlch yr Eskir Hir (i) 1 693 NLW Deeds MS 1 297, 'mines' Bwlch-yr- eskir-hir (i), Eskirhir (ii) 1 699rnap W.Waller, 'mines' Bwlch yr Esgair Hyr (i) 1 692 Bronwydd MSS, Bwlch yr Eskir Hir 1 722 E.Lhuyd col. 772, Esgair Hir 1 756a L.Morris £ 39, Welch Potosi 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Esgair Hur Works 1 763MR Genau'rglyn, Esgairhlr 1 808PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Esgir Hir Mines (coli.) 1 845TMS, Potosi 1 862 G.Borrow p. 1 94, Esgair Hir Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 6, The Cambrian Mines (coll.) 1 8002/z Nanteos fpls. , Cambrian Lead Works OS 1 89 1 , Esgair-hlr Mine OS 1 904, Cardigan Consolidated als. Cambrian Mines (coil.) 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 52, Welsh -

-

1 13 6

(76) GENAU'RGLYN Potosi (coil. ) 1 922 O.T. Jones p. 52, Esgairhir 1 966 J.M.Davies p.65, 'old workings at' Bwlch (i) 1 976 D.E.Bick p. 55, Bwlchyresgair (i) 1 985 R Burt et a!. p. 1 5, Cardigan Consols 1 985 RBurt et a!. p. 1 8 i) SN 730-9 1 1 . The older workings were called Bwlch Esgairhir. ii) SN 73 5-9 1 2. W. Waller, by calling it the Welsh Potosi, compared it to the world famous silver mine of Peru [ 1 976 D. E. Bick: 53]. Gwaith-yr-hafn -(SN 728-879)[gwaith + yr + hafn]; [hravan Gw. Jenkins, gwaj8�'hravan E. James] 'mines at' Bwlch-Kaninogg, Bwlch Kaninog 1 699 W.Waller p.4, Caninog Henfwlch Lead Mine 1 747map L.Morris, Cyneiniog Mines, Hafan Mines 1 856map CME, Hafon 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. , Hafan Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 2, Hafon Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Hafon & Henfwlch 1 8002/zmap Min.Dist. , Hafan Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Hafan 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 1 41 , 'r Hafan 1 975 Papur Pawb n.9, Hafan 1 976 D.E.Bick p. 3 5, Havan 1 985 RBurt et a!. p. 56 Fed by a leat from Nant Brynlluestydd (d) [ 1 800%map RM A1 56] ; cf Henfwlch (76-a). Gwaith Llannerchclwydau -(SN 695-858)[gwaith + tn. Llannerchclwydau (76-a)]; Llanerch y Clwydau 1 756a L.Morris £ 38, (c) Cae Dan Gwaith Mwyn 1 843TMS, Llanerch 1 874 A.Francis p.22, Llanerch Mine 1 800"/4map RM A1 1 9, Llanerch, Llanarch, Llanarsh 1 985 RBurt et a!. p.62 Gwaith Llawrcwm-bach -(SN 707-853) [gwaith + tn. Llawrcwm-bach (76-a)] ; Llarw Cwm bach 1 8002/z Nanteos fpls. , Llawr Cwmbach Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 22, East Llawrcwmbach 1 800%map RM Al l 9, Llawr-y-cwm-bach Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Llawrcwmbach OS 1 974 Geol. map, Llawr-y-cwm-bach OS1 982 Gwaith Llechweddhelyg -(SN 7 1 5-877)[gwaith + tn. Llechweddhelyg (76-a)] ; Cyneiniog Mine, Llechwedd Helig Mine c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn See Gwaith-yr-ha.fn (76-a). Gwaith Mynyddgorddi -(SN 667-860)[gwaith + tn. Mynyddgorddi (76-a)]; Monydd Gorddu 1 800¥2 Nanteos fpls. , Mynydd Gorddu Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 8, Mynydd-gorddu Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Mynydd-gorddu Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Monydd Gorddu, Monyd Gordu, Mynydd Gorddu 1 985 RBurt et al. p.68 Opened c. 1 870 [1 922 0. T. Jones: 59] . Gwaith Nant-y-nod -(SN 706-906)[gwaith + tn. Nant-y-nod (76-a)] ; West Blaenceulan Mines 1 856map CME, West Blaen Caelan 1 874 A.Francis p. 9, Nant y Nod als. Mountain Lake Mine 1 800%map RM A1 56, Nantynod Mine 1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd, Mountain Lake, Nant y Nod OS1 974 Geol. map The location of the Mountain Lake mine was at SN 712-9 1 0 (OS1 974 Geol. map], the name being a translation of nearby Moel-llyn (78-b). Gwaith Pen bane -(SN 658-90 1 )[gwaith + tn. Penbanc (76-a)] ; [pen'bagk Gw. Jenkins] Foe! Goch OOS 1 834, Coed Moel-goch OS 1 89 1 , Moelgoch OS 1 904, Erglodd, Pen y Bank, Penpompren Mines (coil.) 1 80m12 Nanteos fpls. , Pen y Bane als. Loveden United Mines 1 800%map RM Al l 9, Moelgoch + Penbanc Mines 1 976 S.J.S.Hughes p. l 8, Moelgoch Mine 1 98 1 c S.J. S.Hughes p.20 1 , Penny Bank 1 985 R Burt et a!. p. 74 Other locations given for this mine are SN 661 -906 [ 1 976 D. E. Bick: 39] ; SN 658-904 [ 1 98lc S . J. S. Hughes: 201 ] . Gwaith Pendinas -(SN 679-877)[gwaith + tn. Pendinas (76-b)]; Pendinas, Pendmas 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 73, Levels (dis) OS1 982 Gwaith Penpompren -(SN 657-899)[gwaith + tn. Penpompren (76-a)] ; [pen'p:lmpren Gw. Jenkins, ka·'mart, fald,pem'p:lmpren (prox. ) E. James] Penpompren 1 874 A.Francis p. 5, Pen-y-bontbren Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-bontbren Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Penpontbren OS 1 974 Geol. map, Penpompren 1 976 D.E.Bick p.39, Penybontpren 1 985 RBurt et a/. p. 76, Tip (dis), Sheep Market OS 1 982 Gwaith Penpompren-ucha -(SN 674-883)[gwaith + tn. Penpompren-ucha (76-a)]; Leri Valley Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Leri als. Leri Valley als. Penpontbren uchaf 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 142, Leri Valley OS 1 974 Geol. map Gwaith Tanrallt -(SN 652-902)[gwaith + tn. Tanrallt (76-a)] ; [gwaj8,tan'rait Gw. Jenkins] Tanyrallt Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 6, Tan-yr-allt Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Tan-yr-allt Mine (disused) OS1 904, Gwaith Mwyn Tan-rallt 1 977 Lloffion Llangynfelyn n. 8 p. l l , Gwaith Tanrallt 1 976 Papur Pawb n. 1 6, Mine (dis), Tip (dis) OS 1 982, West Alltycrib 1 985 RBurt et al. p. 3 1 13 7

(76) GENAU'RGLYN Gwaith Ty-nant -(SN 695-889)[gwaith + tn. Ty-nant (76-a)]; Tynant Mine 1 800¥2 Nanteos fpls., Tynant als. West Esgair Hir 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 9, Ty Nant OS 1 974 Geol. map, Ty Nant 1 985 RBurt et a!. p. 86 Gwaith Ty-newydd -(SN 698-872)[gwaith + tn. Ty-newydd (76-a)] ; Moel-y-glomen Mine, Tynewydd Min c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn, Tynewydd Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 8, Ty­ newydd Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Moelglomen 1 922 O.T.Jones p. 146, Tynewydd, Moelglomen OS 1 974 Geol. map, Tynewydd als. Moelgolomen 1 976 D.E.Bick p.34, Moel Glomen 1985 RBurt et a!. p. 68 Gwaith-y-wem -(SN 65 5- 893)[gwaith + y + gwern]; Tallabont 1 662 in 1 747 L.Morris p. 58, Tale y Bont 1 665 in 1 923 K. Carpenter p. 1 0 1 , Talibont c. 1 683 in 1 747 L.Morris p. 59, Tallabant 1 747 L.Morris p. 47, (c582) Wern 'and rough' 1 845TMS, Talybont Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Talybont Mine (disused) OS 1 904, Gwaith Talybont 1 976 Papur Pawb n. 1 6, Talybont Mine 1 98 1 c S.J. S.Hughes p.20 1 , yng Ngwaith Mwyn y Wem 1 982 H.Llwyd p. 43 Gwarcwm-ucha -(SN 673-91 7)[gwar + y + cwm (+ uchaf)] ; [eJn,warkom'�x;a, gwarkom'�xa E. James] Tythin Gwar-y-Cwm-yr-Hysgolhaig 1 654 Gog. OS p.41 , Gwar y Cwm 1 760CF, Gwar y Cwm ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Gwarcwm uchaf 1 806PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Gwair Cwm uchaf OOS 1 834, Gwar-cwm-uchaf OS 1 834, Gwarcwm ucha 1 844TMS Llangynfelyn, Gwar-cwm-uchaf OS 1 891 Cf Gwarcwm-isa (77-a). Gwargraig -(SN 720-857) [gwar + y + craig] ; Lluest Gwar y Graig 1 747map L.Morris, Llyast Gwar y Graig 1 778sur map, Llyast Gwar y Graig 1 790sur map vol.2, Llyest Gwarygraig 1 843 TMS, Gwargraig {added in pencil} c. l 850map Genau'rglyn, Gwarygraig 1 883map East-Darren min. pl. Gwaungwyddyi -(SN 668-870)(gwaun + y + gwyddel] ; Y Wayn-y-witail 1 582-83 Gog. OS p.3 7, Gwain y Guydill 1 656 H.H.Hughes MSS, Gwayne y Gwyddyll 1 669 H.H.Hughes MSS, Gwayn y Gwyddyl 1 705 H.H.Hughes MSS, Waun y Gwyddel OOS 1 834, Waun-y-gwyddel OS 1 834, Waingwiddel 1 84 1 cens., Waen y Gwyddel 'ruins' OS 1 89 1 , Waen Wyddil OS 1 904 This lies at the head of the stream called Nantgwyddyl (d). The of the 1 582-83 form seems to be a mistaken transcription of ; see Nantgwyddyl (76-a). Gwynfryn -(SN 652-888)[gwyn + bryn] ; Gwynfryn OS 1 982 Hen-dy -(SN 673-884)[hen + cy]; Hen-dy OS1 891 Henfwlch -(SN 733-880)[hen + bwlch] ; [henvulx; not quite the same place as the quarry E. James, � 'kwarel Gw. Jenkins] Henfwlch 1 744map L.Morris, Hen E'fwlch 1 766MR Genau'rglyn, Henfwlch Mineworks 1 790sur map, Hen-fwlch OS1 834, Honfwlch 1 800)!2 Nanteos fpls. , Henfwlch Mines (incl. Gwaith Camdwr-biti, 76-a) c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn, Henfwlch Mines 1 85 6map CME, Henfwlch Mine 1 874 A. Francis p. 12, Henfwlch 1 80041 1 774map Moelfferm, Moelferen 1 802PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Moel Fferam OOS 1 834, Moel Fferam OS 1 834, Moelfferem 1 84 1 cens. , Moel Ferem 1 845TMS, Moelfferem als. Nant y Diniewid 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Moel-fferm OS 1 89 1 See Pen-y-foel (76-b).

Moelglomen -(SN 694-874)[moel + y + colomen] ; [v:Jl'gbmen W. J. & R. Jones, E. James, v:Jjl'gbmen Gw. Jenkins, sn. d3o:n�'V:Jjl, �·v:Jjl I would say in the old days H. Thomas] Tythin Bwlch y Pant mawr als. Moel y Glomen 1 70 1 Gwynfryn MSS, Moel y Glomen with Barns 1 705/06 Gwyn:fiyn MSS, Tythin Moel y Glommen 1 73 7 Gwyn:fryn MSS, Moel y Glomen 1 745 in 1 966 C.Fychan p.255 , Moleyglommen 1 756 Gwyn:fiyn MSS, Tythyn Moel y Glommen 1 756 Gwynfryn MSS, Moel y Glomen 1 760CF, Moel y Glommen 1 765MR Genau'rglyn, Tythyn Moelyglomen 1 780 Gwynfryn MSS, Moel Glommen 0081 834, Moel y Golomen 08 1 834, Moelglomen 1 84 1 cens. , (ho . ) Foel y Glomen, Foel-y-golomon 1 843TMS, Moel-golomen OS 1 89 1 8ee Moelglomen (76 a). -

Mynyddgorddi -(SN 673 - 86 1 ) [mynydd + ? ]; [m;)m�'g:Jrt'5i E. Humphreys] 1 140

(76) GENAU'RGL YN Mynydd Gorthin 1 656 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Mynidd Gorddy 1 756 Gwynfryn MS S , Mynydd Gorddi 1 778sur map, Mynydd Gorddu 1 800 Gwynfryn MSS , Mynydd Gorddi 008 1 8 34, Mynydd-Gorddu 08 1 834, Mynydd-Gorddu OS 1 89 1

-in, the only term that can b e found in GPC with gorddin 'violence' [GPC s.v. gorddin], which may be appropriate if the area was at one time under contention. I will venture a non-attested *gorddin 'above fort', referring to the fortifications of Pendinas (76-b), about 1 km to the NNE of Bane Mynyddgorddi (76-b), and 50m lower in altitude, comparable names may be Pen-y-gorddyn (SJ 08-1 4, Dolanog, Monts.), and Pen-y-corddyn (SH 91 -76, Abergele, Denbs.) both of which refer to hill-forts. Other names that may have an identical element to Mynyddgorddi are: Esgairgorddi (SH 92-05, Llanbrynmair; SN 76-90, Hyddgen, Monts.). The names Gorddinog (Llanbadrig, Angl.) [ 1 908 E. R. Jones: 52 ] and Gorddinog (SH 67-73, Aber, Caerns.) may also be compared, though earlier forms of those toponyms will be required to certify they may contain a term *gorddin rather than cerddin as in the tn. Gorddinan (Dolwyddelan, Caems.), Gerthuien 1 3 3 8 , Garthinen 1 569, whose original form was Gerddinen [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: xxii, 108-09] . There is a tendency to invoke du 'black' for every final [ �i ] in obscure names, e.g. Aberhonddi (E. Brecon, Brees.) --+ Aberhonddu; Esgaiifoeddi (77-a); Castellcendy (27-a) als. Castellcenddy, and this is the case with a popular etymology of Mynyddgorddi, explained as gwawr + du [inf. E. Humphreys] . But if this is not the case in this place-name then the adjective gorddu 'very black' (cf gorwyn 'bright') might be invoked, as well as for Hafodoerddu als. Hafod (15-a), and the mountain known as Orddu (SH 96-42, Llangwm, Denbs.) - but both Esgairgorddi cannot be explained by the adjective gorddu. R J. Thomas wondered if "nos orddu" in Cywydd y Ser was connected to Mynyddgorddu [1 984 D. J. Bowen: 164] . The place-names connected with northern Cardiganshire cited in the poetry of Dafydd ab Gwilym all o ccur in one poem, and R G. Gruffydd [ 1 992: 430] has commented: "and one might add that 'mantel/ orddu' in the same poem . . . may be intended to bring to mind Mynydd Gorddu; " cf Pengarden (54-a). Nantcagi ( SN 734-892) [nant + y + cagl]; [gwaje,do:l'r�lan, gwaje,nant�'kagal E. James] The 1 656 form suggests this name ended originally with

which it might be compared is

,

-

-

Nant y Cagl 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 33 9, Nantycaglau Mines, 'now' Eagle Brook Mines 1 856map Cl\1E,

RM A1 5 6, Eagle Brook Mine, East RM Al l 9, Eaglebrook Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Nant-y-cagal Mine

Eagle Brook Mine 1 874 A.Francis p . l l , Nantycagal Mine 1 8004/4 Dolrhyddlan Mine (prox. ) 1 800%

(disused) OS 1 904, 'known originally as' Dolrhyddlan als. Nantycagl 1 976 D.E.Bick p.48, Nantcagal 1 98 1 Cardi n. 1 6 p. 54, Eagle Brook 1 98 5 RBurt e t al. p . 3 8

" I find that the place now being

foisted o n the public as the Welsh Potosi, is a little mine hitherto known

as Nant-y-cagl (nant a brook and cagl dirt) the word cagl suggesting, probably, the new name eagle. To this there would be no objection, for a new mine may be entitled to a new name; and that of a bird of prey

if it were quite certain that such alternation were not adapted " [ 1 80m� J. M. Davies in 1 976 D. E. Bick: 48] ; leat to Nantcagl [1 8002f2map CM] . Nant-y-dumen -(SN 648-903 ) [nant + y + turnen] ; [nant�·d�rnen Gw. Jenkins] is as suitable as any,

deceit . .

for the purpose of

.

Nantydurnie 1 789MR Genau'rglyn, Nant y Ddyrnen 1 803PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Nant y Dernyn 008 1 834, Nantydyrnan 1 84 l cens.,

(c465)

'pt. ' Cae Nant y Dyrnin 1 845TMS Henllys,

(c465)

'pt. ' Cae Nant

y Dyrnen 1 8451MS 'lathe' pertains to mills as can be seen in the following passage: "gossod y durnen yn y [1 543 in 1937 BBCS: 8.300] . Perhaps in this case the millstone was connected to mineworks; cf. Nantllain (77-a). Nantgwyddyi -(SN 670- 885)(nant + y + gwyddel]; [nant�'gwi·('hl Gw. Jenkins] The term

tumen

maen issa ini lle"

Nant Gwiddil 1 770MR Genau'rglyn, Nant y Gwiddil 1 803PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Nantygwyddil 1 8 1 3PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Nant y Gwyddel 008 1 834, Nant-y-gwyddel 0 8 1 834, Nant y Gwiddel 1 83 5PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Nant-y-gwyddel OS 1 89 1 , Nant-y-gwiddil OS 1 904 Cf

Nant-y-nod

Gwaungwyddyl (76-a) . -(SN 701 - 904)[nant + y + nod];

[nant�'no:d

E. James, Gw. Jenkins]

Nant y Nod 1 802PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Cae mawr 1 803map J. S inger, Nant y Nod 1 803PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Nanty Neuadd (sic) 008 1 834, Nant-y-nod OS 1 834, Nant-y-nod 1 845TMS, Nant-y-nod OS I 8 9 1 The term nod 'mark' i s now mostly used for nod dafad ' a sheep mark (showing ownership)', c f Nantnod (32-d; 71-d), Cors-y-nod (SN 83-71 , Cwmteuddwr, Rads.), and (c) Cnycau 'mod (SN 583-634, prox. Tangarn-ucha, 47-a), kn�ker'no:d [inf J. R. Rees], as well as Nantcynodion (32-d), whose second element appears to be the plural

1 14 1

(76) GENAU'RGLYN of a derivative term cynnod 'sign, token'. It also had other related meanings in earlier Welsh, e.g. '(an archer's) target', but the most promising meaning may be '(boundary) mark' - cf Pwy bynhac a torro not ar .!fin rwg deu tir neu dwy tref, talet gamlwrw y'r brenhin [c. I250(c. 1 300) Bleg . (Dyfed): 82], and nod terjjm 'boundary marker' 1 632 [GPC s.v. nod] - it will be noted that all the places quoted above containing nod are situated on what was unenclosed open mountainland. Nantperfedd -(SN 706-867)[y + nant + perfedd]; [nant�'perved3 I. Griffiths, na,gapel'ba:x, kapel,;:,strad'ejn:>n E. James] Capel Cwm (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Capel Cwm-einion OS 1 904, Badger Lodge 1 976 D.E.Bick p.43 , Badger Lodge OS 1 982 A branch of Capel-y-graig (78-a) [inf L Griffiths]. Capel-y-graig -(SN 685-952)[ capel + y + craig] ; [kapel'grajg W. J. Jenkins, kapel;:,'grajg I. Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins, ti,kapel;:,'grajg I. Griffiths] Capel y Graig 1 8 1 8PR Eglwys-fach, Cappel y Graig 1 823PR Eglwys-fach, Capel y Graig (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Graig c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.276, Capel OS 1 982 b. 1 808, 1 840 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 98] . Castell -(SN 734-964)[castell] ; Castell 1 825PR Eglwys-fach, Castell OOS 1 834, Castell OS 1 834, Castell OS1 891 No remains of fortifications apparent; cf Banc-y-castell (78-b), Cwm-y-castell (78-b), hn. Nant-y-castell. Castell Glandyfi -(SN 692-966)[castell + tn. Glandy:fi] ; [;:,'kastel W. J. Jenkins, g lan,d;:,vi'ka:sJ, kastel,glan 'd�vi I. Griffiths] Dovey Castle 1 821PR Eglwys-fach, 'principal house' GJ.andyvi 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 368, Glan-dy:fi Castle OS1 834, Glan Dy:fi Castle 1 868 BRA ( 1 963) MSS p. 1 2, Glandovey Castle OOS 1 834, Dyfy Castle 1 83 5PR Eglwys-fach, Dovey Castle 1 845TMS, Glan-dyfi Castle OS 1 89 1 , Glandyfi Castle 1 936 (E.Phillimore) H. Owen vol.4 p.434, Castell Glandyfi, Y Castell 1 93 8 E.Isaac p.79, Castell Glandyfi 1 984 Papur Pawb n. 1 02 This mansion - existent by 1 82 1 at the latest - appears to have been built by the Jeffreys English family that had bought the surrounding estate (see sub Dyfi Bank, 78-a), it was built near the pre-existing holding of Cefnbrith (78-a) which became the home-farm. The name of the mansion alternated between Dyfi Castle and Glandyfi Castle, the latter variant may have been named after the probable Welsh original of Dyfi Bank, a neighbouring farm - part of the same estate - which possibly existed prior to Castell Glandyfi. Cefnbrith -(SN 693-966)[cefn + brith] ; [pn. bm,kevem'bri:O I. Griffiths] Keven Breeth 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, 'home farm buildings' Cafen Bryn 1 906 WFM MS 2684 This became the home-farm to the mansion of Castell Glandyfi (78-a). The pn. Tom Cefnbrith was officially Thomas Pugh [inf I. Griffiths]; cf Esgairgoch (78-b). Cefncoch(i) -(SN 743-961 )(Glasbwll)[cefu + coch]; [ke·ven'ko:x I. Griffiths, ke·veu'ko:x E. James, keven'ko:x T. Jones]

1 1 75

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Keuenchoch 1 226 in 1 947 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 54, Kevencoch 1 284 CalChartR p.28 1 , Randyr Kefyn ?? 1 30203rent n. 1 5, Kevencoch 1 322 CalChartR p.43 9, Cefencoch 1 785MR Genau'rglyn, Cefen Coch 1 790sur map, Cefen Coch 1 803map J.Singer, Cefn Coch OOS 1 834, Cefn-coch OS 1 834, Cefn-coch OS 1 89 1 , Cefn Coch Farm O S 1 982 See Cefncoch (78-b). Cefn coch(ii) -(SN 702-968)(Glandyfi)[cefn + coch] ; [keven'ko:z A Jones, T. Jones] in£ Cefnffyrnas -(SN 683-950)[ cefn + tn. Ffyrnas (78-a)]; [kevn'f�rnas, kevn'f�rnas, now arhst,vali'gared3 I. Griffiths] in£ Cefn gwirion -(SN 676-93 1 )[cefn + gwirion] ; [ke-veg'gwirj�n E. James, keven'gwejrj�g I. Griffiths, ke·veg 'gwejrj�g E. James] Keven-y-gwirion-issa 1 670-7 1 Gog. O S p. 73, Keven Gwirion 1 760CF, Cefengwirion 1 785MR Genau'rglyn, Cefen Gwirion 1 790sur map, Cefn Gwirion OOS 1 834, Cefn-gwirion O S 1 834, Cefen Gwirion 1 844TMS Llangynfelyn, Cefn-gwirion 08 1 89 1 , Cefn-gweirog OS 1 904 The term gwirion is an adjective, originally meaning 'truthfuL true, pure, innocent', which is unsuited to be a toponymic term. The medial definite article in the form of 1 670-71 and the OW.tn. Crois Guerion [c. 1 140 LL: 1 55] , may hint at a different word *gweirion, a derivative of gwair 'hay'. Whatever the origin, there can be no doubt that it was analysed as gwirion in the eighteenth century, the semantic development of gwirion to mean 'silly, foolish' in northern Welsh (a meaning attested as early as the fifteenth century) [GPC s.v. gwirion], meant that the name was deemed foolish, and subsequently replaced by gweiriog 'full of hay' by 1 904; see Penfforddgoch (77-a). Cronwen -(SN 698-93 9)[cron + gwem] ; [kr�nwen I. Griffiths, E. James, gr�nwen E. James] Cronwernew ? 1 277-80 in 1 897 R A.Roberts p. l 30, Randyr Cronwemeu ? 1 302-03rent n. 1 5, Cronwen 1 760CF, Cronwen 1 790PR Eglwys-fach, Coronwen 1 845TMS, Coron-wen OS 1 89 1 See sub Llwyngronwen (58-a). Cwarel -(SN 696-952)[cwarel] ; Cwarau OS 1 834, (c3 1 9) Cae Cwarel 1 845TMS, Bwlch Enion 1 865 in 1 989 G. & M. Tucker p. 75 Cwarel Cymerau -(SN 697-960)[cwarel + tn. Cymerau (78-a)]; [kwaler,kum'ere I. Griffiths, kwaler (desc.) A Jones, B. Hopkins, he:n,wajO,slats kum'e·re E. James] Cwm yr Armer Ddu ?? 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.3 39, Cardigan Slate Works O S 1 89 1 A lease o f bed o f slates for forty years [ 1 879 Cymerau MSS] Cwarel Tyngarth -(SN 691 -946) [cwarel + tn Tyngarth (78-a)]; [.'7jb"na'gwaler (desc. ) I. Griffiths] Tyn-y-garth 1 865 in 1 989 G. & M. Tucker p.75, Tyn-y-graig Slate Quarry 1 883 in 1 889 G. & M Tucker p. 765, Ty'n-y-garth Slate Works OS 1 89 1 , Ty'n-y-garth Slate Works (disused) O S 1 904, Quarry (dis) OS 1 982 A minework (fSl'vaith) [inf E. James]; begun in mid 1 860s [1 989 G. & M. Tucker: 75] ; lower quarry situated at SN 692-947. Cwmeinon -(SN 71 1 -934)[cwm + hn. Einon]; [kum'ejnj�n I. Griffiths, i,gum'ejn�n, i,gum'i·n�n E. James] Cwmeinion 1 760CF, Cwm Eynon 1 803map J. Singer, Cwm Ainon 1 8 1 8PR Eglwys-fach, Cwm Einion OOS 1 834, Cwm Einon O S 1 834, Cwm-einon OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-einion O S 1 904 Cwmrhaeadr-fach -(SN 752-958)(cwm + y + rhaeadr (+ bach)] ; [kum,hriad've:x, T. Jones, kum,hriad'va:x, E. James] Cwmyrhaiad 1 769MR Genau'rglyn, Cwmyreiad fach 1 785MR Genau'rglyn, Cwmrhaiad fach 1 790sur map, Cwm Rhaiad fach 1 803map J. Singer, Cwm Rhaiadr fach 1 8 1 8PR Eglwys-fach, Cwm y Rhaiad 1 827PR Eglwys-fach, Cwm Rhaiadr 08 1 834, Cwmrhaiad fach 1 845TMS, Cwm-rhaiadr-filch O S 1 89 1 The -fach is in opposition t o Cwmrhaeadr-fawr, across the river i n Montgomeryshire. Cymerau -(SN 698-960)[cymerau] ; [kum'ere I. Griffiths, kum'ere E. James] Kyrnmere 1 677 Peniarth MSS, Cwmere (Ffrydd) 1 760CF, Cwmereffreed 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS, Cwrnere, 'formerly called' Cwmere Freedd 1 80 1 Cymerau MS8, Cyrnmerdu 1 803map J. Singer, Cwm Mereu bach 1 807PR Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Cwmereu 1 808PR Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Cwm Ereu OOS 1 834, Cwm-ereu 08 1 834, Cwmeri 1 838 Cymerau MSS, Cwmereu 1 845TMS, Cwm-ereu OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-ere O S 1 904, Cymerau Farm OS1 982 Doleneglwys -(SN 687-959) [dolen + yr + eglwys] ; [d�len I. Griffiths] .

1 176

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Doll en Eglwys 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Dolen Eglwys als. Bridges Farm 1 776 Gogerddan MSS Box D 1 , Dolen Eglwis 1 788MR Genau'rglyn, D olen Eglwys 1 790sur map, Dolen-eglwys O S 1 834, D oleu Eglwys 1 841 cens. , Dolen-eglwys OS 1 89 1 Formerly in the occupation o f William Bridges [1 776 Gogerddan MSS Box D l ] .

DOigoch - ( S N 705-943)[dol + coch] ; [d�l'go:z I. Griffiths, do·l'go:z E. James] Dolegoch 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS , Dol GOch 1 8 1 5PR Eglwys-fach, Dol Goch OOS 1 834, Dol-goch OS 1 834, D o l-goch 1 845TMS, Dol-goch OS 1 89 1

Dyfi Bank - ( S N 690-963) [hn. Dyfi + E. bank] ; [d�vi'baiJk, now v;,jlas I. Griffiths, W . J . Jenkins] Glandovey ?? 1 8 1 5PR Eglwys-fach, Dovey Bank 1 824PR Eglwys-fach, Dovey Bank OOS 1 834, Dyfi Bank O S 1 834, Dovey Bank 1 84 1 cens. , Dovey Bank O S 1 89 1 , Dovwy Bank als. Dyfi Bank 1 906 WFM

MS 2684, Voelas 0Sc. 1 95 0 This place seems originally t o have been called Glandyfi, and may have given its name t o the mansion of Castell Glandyfi (78-a) built for the Jeffreys family, who were associated with this area since the mid 1 760s (through having purchased a share of the smeltery at Glandyfi), and who were resident in the area by 1 78 8 [notes in the possession of W. J. Jenkins] . It is most likely that it is through the ownership of this English family that Glandyfi was translated to Dyfi Bank, and though later Dxfi Bank came to be considered too English, it was difficult to rename it Glandyfi, as this had by then become the name of the neighbouring village of Glandyfi (78-a). The newer name, Foe/as, was in existence in the 1 920s [inf w. J. Jenkins] . Dynin -(SN 709- 95 6)[ ? ] ; [d�nm I. Griffiths, T. Jones] Dunnin 1 760CF, Dynin 1 765MR Genau'rglyn, Dunin 1 787PR Eglwys-fach, Dynin 1 790sur map, (c) Cwm Dynan 1 803map J . Singer, Dynun OOS 1 834, Dynun OS 1 834, Dynnyn 1 83 7PR Eglwys-fach, Dynin 1 845TMS, Dynyn OS 1 891 There are two terms that may be invoked to explain this name, neither of which seems to suit this place-name; cf

dynin 'corpse', dynyn 'little man, manikin', Cae'rdynyn (SH 82-24, Llanfacbreth, Mers.) [1 990 D. H.

Williams: 42]. Ebeneser -(SN (i)687-957)[Bibl.tn. Ebenezer] ; [kapel'wesle (ii), now rejnbo:z'end I. Griffiths] Ebenezer Chapel (Wes. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Eglwysvach c. 1 902 E .RHorsfall-Turner p. 280, Capel Ebenezer OS 1 904, Eglwys-fach 1 980 E. Edwards p . 70 i) SN 687-957. b. 1 820 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 280] ; b. 1 823 [1 980 E. Edwards: 70; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 1 2] ; rest. 1 845 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 12 ] .

ii) S N 686-957. b. 1 898-99 [1 980 E. Edwards: 70] ; b. 1 903 [inf I. Griffiths] ; denom. WM. Efail·fach -(SN 694-968)[yr + efail + bach] ;

Efelfach 1 80 1 Cymerau MSS, Dovey Smith 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Evel fach 1 83 3PR Eglwys-fach, Efail­ ffich OS 1 89 1 , Park Terrace O S 1 982

Efail Ffymas -(SN 684-95 1 )[ efail + tn. Ffyrnas (78-a)L Efel Ffwrnes 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Yr Hen Efail (sign) EGLWYS-FACH -(SN 685-955)[eglwys + bach] ;

[baiJk�'lan older name I . Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins, eglujs've:z, eglujs,sen'majk�lz, sen'majk�l I. Griffiths] Eglwsvach 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Eglwy[ ] vach 1 760map E. Bowen, Little Chapel 1 760CF, Eglwys fach 1 763MR Genau'rglyn, Egles vach 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Eglwys fach 1 803map J. Singer, 'also called' Llanvihangel Capel Edwin 1 808 S . RMeyrick p.329, Bane y Llan 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Brynn y Llan 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys-fach, Eglwys-fach OOS1 834, Eglwys fach OS 1 834, Eglwys-vach als. Llanvihangel-Capel-Edwin 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p.327, Bankllan 1 86 1 Crosswood Add MSS , S t Michael's Church (Vicarage), Eglwys-ffich, Ysgubor-y-coed OS 1 89 1 , Eglwys fach + C h O S 1 982 Founded by John Lloyd of Ynyshir in 1 623 , cf. the stone inscription on the church HEC EC'C ERE'C PER IOHE LLOYD AN'O DI'N 1 623 [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 329] ; b. l 83 3 [1 992 G. Morgan: 9] ; reb. c. 1 840 [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 61 ]; ded. Saint Michael [1 833 s. Lewis (1850 edn): 2.368) . The village was regularly noted Bane/ian to as late as 1 904 in the registers of Capel-y-graig (78-a), and was the name regularly used by a man born in the area in 1 864 who had left the area when young to fmd work in London. One registrar had Bane/ian translated as Church Hill [inf. W. J. Jenkins] .

Einon Cottages -(SN 685-952)[hn Einon + cottages] ; [1jnj;,n'k;,ted3ez, ejnj;m'k;,ted3ez I. Griffiths] Graig OOS 1 834, Einon Cottages O S 1 834, Einon Cottages O S 1 8 9 1 , Binion Cottages OS 1 904

Felin-newydd -(SN 6 8 5-948)[y + melin + newydd] ; [velm'newd�, now nant�'gnJal I. Griffiths]

1 1 77

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Melin newydd 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys-fach, New Mill l 824PR Eglwys-fach, Velin newyo 1 830PR Eglwys-fach, Melin newydd OOS 1 834, Melin newydd OS 1 834, New Mill Cottages 1 84 l cens., Felin-newydd OS 1 89 1

Ffatri GlasbwU -(SN 73 8-97 1 )[ffatri + tn Glasbwll]; Glaspwll Factory 1 860>map Genau'rglyn

Glasbwll is an alias of Glanrafon (78-a). FFYRNAS -(SN 685-952)[E. furnace] ; [farnas I. Griffiths, E. James, W. J. Jenkins, a'farnas E. James, (a)'f:>rnas, farnes I. Griffiths, na·r'farnas A Jones, £S"furnes by Welsh speakers (sic) 1 93 5 D. M. Ellis p. 1 20] The S ilver Mills with 5 Furnices 1 699map W.Waller, Furnace 1 763MR Genau'rglyn, Furnace 1 790map T.Lewis, Dovey Furnace 1 803map J. Singer, Pentre'r Ffwrnes 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys-fach, Dovey Furnace 1 8 1 7PR Eglwys-fach, Pentre Ffwrnes 1 81 6PR Eglwys-fach, Furnace OOS 1 834, Furnace O S 1 834, Furnace OS 1 89 1 , Y Ffwrnes 1 95 7b R J. Thomas p.23 The large building with the water-wheel is known as skib:>r'vawr [inf I. Griffiths], 'locally known as'

Y 'Sgubor [ 1 965 CER: 5. 1 1 8], and may possibly be the (tithe?) bam that gave its name to the parse/ of Ysgubor-y-coed, note Coed Ysgubor-y-coed (78-b) some 200m to the w. The smelting furnace was probably established by Thomas Bushell for lead-smelting [ 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 22; 1 994 D. E. Bick & P. W. Davies: 9) ; before 1 636-46 [ 1 965 CER: 5. 1 1 8]; the surviving furnace was in operation bet. c. l 75 5-1 8 1 0 ( 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 437; 1 983 Arch.Wales: 69 ] . The local form farnas shows a later borrowing from E. jitrnace than literary jjWrnais which was borrowed from ME . furneise . Indeed T. H. Parry-Williams [ 1 923: 1 57] has ffwmas from a Welsh book printed in 1 63 2 ( 1 802 edn), the tn. Ffwmes (Llanelli, Carrns .), pronounced FjWrnesh [ 1 93 1 H. Lewis: 1 , 3-4], seems to show the older borrowing, but £S"farnas'blum (Nantgarw area, Glams.) [ 1 993 1N: 1 .223], would probably be best written Ffymasblwm (rather than Ffymaisblwm as it was by the author).

Ffyrnas Farm -(SN 684-95 1 ) [tn. Ff.Yrnas (78-a) + E. farm] ; [f=>rnas'farm I. Griffiths] Furnace Farm OS 1 982

Ficrej -(SN 686-955)[E. vicarage] ; [VIkred3, now ams'ejnj:>n I. Griffiths] Vicarage O S 1 891

Garreg -(SN 696-970)[y + carreg] ; [gareg I. Griffiths] Y Tuy vch y Garregg, Y Tuy yssa yn y Garregg 1 65 9 Bronwydd MS S, Garreg Farm 08 1 982 This was named after Carreg Ystumllaith (78-b) a rock in the Dyfi river, some of the forms may refer to the village of Glandyfi(ii) (78-a) rather than the farm.

Y Garth -(SN 6 8 1 -948)[y + garth]; [garO, a'ga:rO + ajla'brm I. Griffiths, garO'haws I. Griffiths] Troedrhhywgarth (prox. ) 1 83 5PR Eglwys-fach, The Garth O S 1 982 This house, b.c. 1 928, was the first of many built in this area at the instigation of a Wolverhampton accountant [inf w. J. Jenkins] ; for the location of the garth, see sub Coed-y-garth (78-b). Garth House -(SN 680-942)[tn. Y Garth (78�a) + E. house] ; Garth House OS 1 982 b. c. 1 950 [inf. W. J. Jenkins] .

Glanrafon -(SN 73 8-975)(glan + yr + afon]; [glan'rav:>n I. Griffiths, T. Jones] Glasbwll 1 790sur map, Glasbwll 1 803rnap J. Singer, Glaspwll 1 822PR Eglwys-fach, Glas Pwll OOS 1 834, Glasbwl1 1 845TMS, Glan-yr-afon OS 1 89 1 Early map evidence shows Glanrafon t o have originally been called of the hamlet of

Glasbwll, but this name is now that Glasbwll glasbui [inf T. Jones] that has grown here, most of which lies on the

Montgomeryshire side of the river Llyfnant. [castell] Glandy:fi (78-a)] ; [g lan'd�vi I. Griffiths]

GLANDYFI -(SN 695-969)[tn.

The Garreg 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Garegg 'where we have a key and twenty-two furnices' 1 699rnap W.Waller, Carreg Silver Works 1 760map E.Bowen, Garreg 1 763MR Genau'rglyn, Smelting House 1 776rnap M.Mackenzie, i'r Garreg, Pentref Glandy:fi 1 782 in 1 979 Papur Pawb n.44, Garreg 1 803map J. Singer, 'village with wharf Carreg Ysturnlaeth 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 862, (viii) Carreg 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 8 50 edn) vol. 2 p. 1 3 6, Garreg OOS 1 834, Garreg OS 1 8 34, Gareg OS 1 89 1 , (vill) Garreg 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p.45 1 , Glandy:fi 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 1 3 9, Glandy:fi OS 1 982 Up to the middle of the nineteenth century the village appears was known as

Garreg, which is preserved Glandyfi, which name was promoted after the establishment of Stesion Glandyfi (78-a) in the 1 860s, itself named after the local mansion Castell Glandyfi (78-a), which was sometimes simply known as Glandyfi. Melin in the name of the farm Garreg (78-a). The most usual name of this village at the present time is

1 1 78

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Garreg (78-a) - admittedly nearer Castell Glandyfi (78-a) than Garreg - was also known in 1 829 as Melin Dyfi Bank (an anglicisation of Glandyfi(i) ), but the 1 782 Pentref Glandyfi seems to be a slip of the 1 979 papur bro. Boats of up to seven hundred tons went up the Dyfi river as far as Garreg, but only those less than seventy tons could make it to Dderwenlas (Monts.) [ 1 949 MC : 51 .76] ; there were lead-smelting mills at Garreg [ 1 993 T. Carr & A Schone: 27] . Comprising: 1 ) Efail-fach, 2) Garreg, 3) G1andyfi Cottage(ii), 4) Pensteps, 5) Rose Cottage, 6) Stesion Glandyfi, 7) Ysgoldy Glandyfi. Glandyfi Cottage(i) -(SN 689-965)(Melingarreg)[tn. Glandyfi(i) + E. cottage] ; Glan-dovey Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Ranger Lodge, 'form. called' Glan Dovey Cottage 1 906 WFM M S 2684, Ranger Lodge 1 906 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 32

Glandyfi Cottage(ii) -(SN 696-970)(Glandyfi)[tn. Glandyfi(ii) + E. cottage] ; Dovey Cottage 1 832PR Eglwys-fach, Glan-dovey Cottage OS 1 89 1 , The Iron House ? 1 906 WFM MS 2684, Bryndyfi (sign)

Gwaith Dolgoch -(SN 709-947)[gwaith + tn. Dolgoch (78-a)] ; Dolgoch Mine Works (sic loc. ) 1 860>map Genau'rglyn, Level (dis) OS 1 982, Dolgoch 1 985 R Burt p. 3 8

et al.

Gwaith Foel-fawr -(SN 690-956)[gwaith + tn. Foel-fawr (78-b)J ; Foel fawr Mine 1 800%map RM A1 1 9, Pit (dis) OS 1 982 Gwaith Neuaddlwyd -(SN 682-934)[gwaith + tn. Neuaddlwyd (78-a)] ; [gwajO,ni�'lujd E. James] Bwlch y Moel Goch ? 1 756a L.Morris f 3 7, Newdd Llwyd 1 865 in 1 989 G. & M Tucker p. 75, Neuaddlwyd Mine 1 800%map RM A l l 9, Neuadd-lWyd Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Neuadd-lWyd Mine (disused) O S 1 904, Bryndyfi O S 1 974 Geol. map, Bryndyfi 1 98 5 R Burt et al. p. 8 Worked from 1 88 1-83 [ 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 98] ; Mine Office [ 1 882 in 1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 1 00] . Gwaith Penrhyngerwin -(SN 668-94 1 ) [gwaith + tn. Penrhyngerwin (78-a)] ; [l�vden'majn E. James, W. J. Jenkins] Penrhyngerwin als. Loveden 1 922 O.T. Jones p.48, Gwaith Penhyn-gerwin 1 95 8 Lloffion Llangynfelyn vol. l O p. 9, Loveden OS 1 974 Geol. map, Loveden no. 2 1 98 5 RBurt RBurt et al. p. 75

et a/. p. 67, Penrhyn Gerwen 1 985

This was on Penrhyngerwin land which belonged in the nineteenth century to the Gogerddan estate, for an explanation of the name Loveden Mine, see sub Loveden (68-a). This mine was worked as late as 1 93 741 [inf. W. J. Jenkins ] .

Gwaith Ystradeinon -(SN 707-939)[gwaith + tn. Ystradeinon (78-a)]; Ystrad Dynon Mine 1 874 A.Francis p. 1 , Ystrad-einion Mine (lead) OS 1 89 1 , Ystrad-einion Mine (disused) OS 1 904 This was the northernmost mine in Cardiganshire [ 1 874 A Francis: 1 ] . Gwemberw -(SN c.681 -940) [gwern + y + berw] ; [wajn'be-re (id. ) E . James, hri·d ,gwern�'bere a form seen written W. J. Jenkins] Gweryberw 1 78 1 Cymerau MSS, Gwernyberw 1 795 Cymerau MSS, Rhyd Gwern Berw 1 827PR Eglwys-fach, Rhydgwernberio 1 84 1 cens. A brook full of cress [inf. E. James] .

Hen-dy Waunbwli -(SN 737-934)[hen + ty + tn. Waunbwll (78-a)] ; [he:n,di: ,wajn'bul E. James] Llyest-y-wayn-bwll 1 580-81 Gog.OS pp.46-47, Waen-bwll 1 769MR. Genau'rglyn, Wain Bwl1 1 770MR. Genau'rglyn, Wainbull 1 784MR. Genau'rglyn, Waunbwll 1 790sur map, Hen DY 1 829PR Eglwys-fach, Gwaun Bwll OOS 1 834, Hengae + house, Waun Bwll 1 845TMS, Hen-dy OS 1 89 1 This i s a n uncompounded inverse construction meaning 'moory pit' or 'moory pool'; see

Hiredd -(SN 729-971 )[hir + erw ? ]; [hire(') I. Griffiths, T. Jones,

A Jones,

Waunbwll (78-a).

hrre6 B. Hopkins]

Huraidd 1 790sur map, Hiredd 1 82 1 PR Eglwys-fach, Hiredd OS 1 834, Hiredd OS 1 834, Huraidd 1 845TMS, Hiraeth OS 1 891

Lapley Grange -(SN 683-948)[E.tn. Lapley + grange]; [lapli, lapli'gren3, now pla:s'ejnj�n I. Griffiths] Lapley Grange 0Sc. l 950, Sch OS 1 982 b.>1 904 (OS1 904]; built by Baddocks of Ynyshir (78-a), was then made into a school for retarded children by Mrs. Cross [inf I. Griffiths]. This name appears to refer to

Lapley (Staffs.) from whence came Edmund

Mallet Vaughan, a member of the Trcnvsgoed (60-a) family [ 1874 Crosswood Add MSS].

Llechweddeinion -(SN 742-959) [1lechwedd + pn. Einion]; [iexwe6'ejnj�n T. Jones] 1 1 79

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Llechwedd Einon 1 777MR Genau'rglyn, Llechweoinon 1 779MR Genau'rglyn, Llechwedd Einon 1 790sur map, Llechweddeinon OOS 1 834, Llechwedd-einon OS 1 834, Llechwedd-einon OS 1 89 1 , Llechwedd­ einion 0Sc. 1 950 This site is not near the river Einon, and therefore must contain a separate attestation of the pn. Einion. Lluest -(SN 732-967)[lluest]; [iiest B. Hopkins] Llyast 1 790sur map, Lluest OS 1 891 Lluest-y-garthen -(SN 734-941 )[lluest + y + earthen]; 'summer or dairy house' Llyest y Garthen + Llyest y Cae Glaes 1 722 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Llyast y Garthen 1 790sur map, Barn OOS 1 834 Llwyngwinau -(SN 722-924)[llwyn + gwinau]; [iojn'gwme I. Griffiths, f-ojg'gwine, f-og'gwme E. James] Llwyn Gwine 1 760CF, Llwyn Gwyne 1 83 1 PR Eglwys-fach, Llwyn Gwineu OOS 1 834, Llwyn-gwineu OS 1 834, Llwyn Gwyneu 1 845TMS, Llwyn-gwinau OS 1 891 Llwyngwyn -(SN 683-941 )[llwyn + gwyn] ; [iojn'gwm I. Griffiths, E. James] Llwyn Gwyn als. Tv yn y Fedw 1 679 Cymerau MSS, Llwyn Gwyn als. Tir yn y Fedw 1 690 Cymerau MS S, Llwyn Gwyn OOS 1 834, Llwyn-gwyn OS 1 834, Llwyn-gwyn OS 1 891 Loj(i) -(SN 684-95 1 ) [E. lodge] ; (bd3 � n f�rnas (desc.) W. J. Jenkins] Lodge OS 1 89 1 , The Lodge (sign) Loj(ii) -(SN 683-957)(Ynyshir)[E. lodgeL [bd3 W. J. Jenkins, �ms,hi:r'bd3 I. Griffiths] Lodge OS 1 89 1 Loj(iii) -(SN 690-964)(Castell Glandyfi)[E. lodge] ; The Entrance Lodge + Laundry Cottage 1 906 WFM MS 2684 Maesculn -(SN 733-974)(maes + y + culn] ; (majs'kilm I. Griffiths, majs'lulm E. James, mejs'lulm T. Jones] Bidirmoch 1 775MR Genau'rglyn, Beudy'r Moch 1 790sur map, Maescyllyn 1 83 1PR Eglwys-fach, Maes Cilyn OOS 1 834, Maesycilyn OS1 834, Maesykillin 1 84 1 cens., Maes Cilin 1 845TMS, Maes Cilyn 1 860>map Genau'rglyn, Beudu'r Moch als. Maeseylin 1 864 Gogerddan (Lead) MSS p. 29, Maes-y-cilyn OS1 89 1 , Maesycilyn OS 1 982, Maesycelyn (sic) OS 1 991 { 1 :25 000 map} The original name Beudy'rmoch was probably thought too coarse, and so was replaced by 1 83 1 with a composed name Maesculn, suggested by the nearby (c6) Cae Cilin (1 790sur map] . Maesteg -(SN 688-961 )[ maes + teg]; Maes-teg OS 1 891 Melincwm -(SN 691 -948)[melin + y + cwm} ; (velm�'kum I. Griffiths, vehg'kmn E. James] Melin y Cwm 1 779 Derry Ormond MS S, Melin y Cwm 1 8 1 6PR Eglwys-fach, Melin Cwm OOS 1 834 , Melin-y-cwm OS 1 834, (c3 1 3) Cae Felin y Cwm 1 845TMS, Melin-y-cwm O S I 891 Melindwr -(SN 693-962)[hn. Melindwr(ii)]; [me lmdur I. Griffiths] Melindwr 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Melinddwr 1 760map E.Bowen, Melin Ddwr 1 803map J. Singer, Melindwfr { added later} 1 8 14PR Eglwys-fach, Melindwfr 1 820PR Eglwys-fach, Melin Dwr OOS 1 834, Melyndwr OS 1 834, Melindwr 1 845TMS, Melindwr OS 1 891 Melingarreg -(SN (ii)689-962)[melin + tn Garreg (78-a)]; [vehg'gareg I. Griffiths] Mill at Garreg 1 787 BRA (1 963) MSS p.8, Melin y Garreg 1 790sur map, Gareg Mill 1 791 BRA ( 1 963) MS S p.8, Melin Dovey Bank 1 829PR Eglwys-fach, Felyn Garreg 1 83 3PR Eglwys-fach, Melin y Garreg OOS 1 834, Dovey Bank Mill 1 841 cens., Melin-y-Gareg, (c) Gareg Bridge (prox.) OS 1 89 1 , (c) Pont Melin­ y-gareg OS 1 904, Melin-y-garrey 1 906 WFM MS 2684 i) SN 689-962. 1 790. Opp. side of road, N of river. ii) SN 689-962. Nantbyr -(SN 748-928)(hn. Nantbyr(iii)] ; Nantbir 1 790sur map, Nantbyr 'sheepwalk' 1 845TMS Neuaddlwyd -(SN 686-938)(neuadd + llwyd]; [nej��·Iojd W. J. Jenkins, ni��·Iujd, nb'lojd E. James, neja�'lujd I. Griffiths] Noyadd Lwyd 1 760CF, Neuadd Lwyd, Neuodd Lwyd 1 790sur map, Nauadd Lwyd 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys­ fach, Naiadd Lwyd 1 821PR Eglwys-fach, Neuadd Lwyd OOS 1 834, Neuadd-lwyd OS 1 834, Neuodd Lwyd 1 845TMS, Neuadd-1\Nyd OS1 891 Had become a part of the workings of Gwaith Neuaddlwyd (78-a) by 1 882 [1 993 T. Carr & A SchOne: 100] . Penbryn -(SN 679-942)(pen + y + bryn] ; [pem'brm W. J. Jenkins, pen�'brm I . Griffiths] '

1 180

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Penybryn 1 726 Crosswood MSS, Pen y Bryn 1 790sur map, Pen y Bryn OOS 1 834, Pen-y-bryn OS 1 834, Pen-y-bryn OS 1 904, Pinewood 08 1 982

Penprys -(SN 7 1 6-94 1 )[pen + prys]; [pempr1s E. James, B. Hopkins] Penprys 1 776MR Genau'rglyn, Pempris 1 779 Derry Ormond MS S, Penpris 1 784PR Eglwys-fach, Penpriss 1 785PR Eglwys-fach, Penprys 1 790sur map, Penpris OOS 1 834, Pen-prys OS 1 834, Pemprys OS 1 89 1 , Penprys 1 845TMS

Penrhyn-bach -(SN 676-950)[penrhyn + bach] ; [pendrm'be:z I. Griffiths] Penrhyn bach 1 828PR Eglwys-fach, Penrhyn bach OOS 1 834, Penrhyn bach 08 1 834, Penrhin-bach 1 841 cens. The -bach is in opposition to Penrhyn-mawr, see Coed Penrhyn-mawr (78-b) .

Penrhyngerwin -(SN 669-941 )[penrhyn + gerwin] ; [pendrm W. J. Jenkins] Penrhyn Gerwyn 1 790sur map, Penrhynygerwin 1 80 1 Cymerau MSS, Ty Carreg 1 803map J. Singer, Penr5'n 1 8 1 5PR Llangynfelyn, Penryn Gerwyn 1 8 1 7PR Eglwys-fach, Pen Rhyn Gerwin 008 1 834, Penrhyn-gerwin OS 1 834, Penrhyn Gerwyn 1 844TMS Llangynfelyn, Penrhyn-gerwin, (c) Coed Penrhyn (prox.) OS 1 891 , Penrhyn Gerwin 1 93 8 RJ. Thomas p. 206 R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 206] compares Cwmgerwin (Denbs.), Talargerwin als. Talwmgerwin (Caerns.), but the

hn. *Gerwin he refers to, is falsely derived from Cwmcerwyn (Mynachlogddu, Pembs.), which has another derivation [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 25-26] . Pensteps -(SN 695-969)[pen + y + steps] ; [ben'steps E. James] Rose Cottage + Fern Cottage 1 906 WFM MS 2684, Penygrisiau + Rose Cottage (sign)

Pentre-bach -(SN 685-950) [pentref + bach] ; Pentre bach 1 83 3PR Eglwys-fach, Pentre-bach 08 1 89 1 , Pentre-bach 0Sc. 1 95 0

Plas-y-mynydd -(SN 746-922)[plas + y + mynydd] ; [pla:s�'m�m� I. Griffiths, Gw. Jenkins, ple:s�'m�m� T. Jones] Anglers' Retreat OS 1 89 1 , Plasymynydd 1 908Per. clawdd-mynydd, Anglers' Retreat 0Sc. 1 95 0, Plas-y­ mynydd 1 973 C.Fychan p. 77, Plas-y-mynydd 1 976 Papur Pawb n. 1 8, Plas y Mynydd (Angler's Retreat) OS 1 982 "Hen lety hela Prysiaid Gogerddan, syrthiodd yr hen le ryw ugain mlynedd yn

61

[c. 1 96 1 ] a chodwyd

caban pren ar ei safle, ond fe losgwyd hwnnw'n ulw yn ystod yr ymgyrch losgi tai haf yn ddiweddar. "

[1 981 c . Fychan: 1 1 8]; Gogerddan had the earliest hunting pack in Wales in 1 642 [ 1992 D . Jenkins: 52] ; c f tn. Plaspren als. Gwylfa Hiraethog (SH 94-59, Hiraethog, Denbs.); the shooting lodge of Watkin Williams-Wynne at Bugeilyn (SN 82-92, Monts .) was called he:n'ble:s [inf M. Hughes ] Rose Cottage -(SN 694-968)[E. rose + cottage] ; .

Rose Cottage OS 1 89 1 Destroyed b y road widening, sometime after [ 1 989 Papu.r Pawb: 1 53].

Siop-y-banc -(SN 68-95)[siop + y + bane] ; [f�p�'bauk I. Griffiths] PO OS 1 982, The Village Stores (sign) The bane refers to Bancllan, the old name of the village of Eglwys:fach (78-a). Stesion Glandyfi -(SN 695-969)[E. stesion + tn. Glandyfi(ii) (78-a)]; [ste·J:m,glan'd�vi I. Griffiths] Glan-dovey Station OS 1 89 1 , Glandyfi Station 1 906 WFM MS 2684, Stesion Glandyfi 1 93 9 LlCCLl p. 1 9, Glan Dyfi Station OS 1 982

Tai-ffordd-fawr-ucha -(SN 674-941 )[tai + yr + ffordd + fawr (+ uchaf)]; [tafar'vawr, tajf�r'vawr, tajf�r,vawr 'ax,a W. J. Jenkins, taj,f�r'vawr I. Griffiths] Tydding Ffordd fawr 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS, Ty'n y Ffordd 1 790sur map, Ty Ffordd fawr, Tan Ffordd fawr 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys-fach, Tai Ffordd fawr 1 834PR Eglwys-fach, Tai Ffordd fawr OOS 1 834, Tai­ ffordd-fawr 08 1 834, Tai-ffordd-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Tai-y-ffordd-fawr 08 1 904 The -ucha was in opposition to Tai-ffordd-fawr-isa als. Ty-hir (78-a).

Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 73 9-974)[troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed y Rhiw house 1 790sur map, Troed y Rhyw 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach

Trympeg -(SN 689-964)(trympeg]; [trampeg I. Griffiths, marjan (prox., on E of road) I. Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins] Turn Pike 1 8 1 4PR Eglwys-fach, Garreg Gate 1 8 1 7PR Eglwys-fach, Dovey T. G. OOS 1 834, Turnpike 1 841 cens. , Gate House 1 88 1 cens. , Gareg Gate T.P. OS 1 89 1 Adjoins

Glandyfi Cottage(i) (78-a) [0081 834] . 1 18 1

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Ty-hir -(SN 674-941 )[tY + hir]; [ti'hi:r als. tajf;)r,vawr'�xa W. J. Jenkins] Ty-hir OS 1 89 1 , Ty-hir 0Sc. 1 95 0 The alias was i n opposition to Tai-ffordd-fawr-ucha (78-a).

Ty-mawr -(SN 689-943)[tY + mawr] ; [ti'mawr E. James, W. J. Jenkins] Ty mawr OOS 1 834, Ty-mawr OS 1 834, Ty-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Ty-mawr (in ruins) O S 1 904

Ty-nant -(SN 679-93 1 )[tyddyn + y + nant] ; [ti·'nant E. James] Llidiart Clawdd Coch als. Ty'n y Nant 1 790sur map, Ty Nant 1 822PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'n y Nant OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-nant O S 1 834, Ty Nant 1 844TMS Llangynfelyn, Ty'n-y-nant OS 1 89 1 , Ty-nant O S 1 904 See Gwaith Ynysdudyr (77-a).

Tynclawdd -(SN 687-940)[tyddyn + y + clawdd] ; [biJ'klaw(') E. James] Tyn y Clawdd 1 834PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'nyclawdd 1 841 cens, Ty-yn-y-clawdd c. l 85 0map Genau'rglyn, Tyn n Clawdd 1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd, Tynclawdd 1 980 Papur Pawb n 60 An old cottage now in ruins [1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd] . Tyncomei -(SN 672-93 9)[tyddyn + y + comel] ;

Tynycornel 1 779 Derry Ormond MSS, Tyn y Comel 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Tyncornel 1 83 2PR Eglwys­ fach, Tyn y Cornel OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-comel OS 1 834, Tye Cornel House 1 83 8 Cymerau MSS, Tycornel 1 841 cens. , Ty'n-y-cornel OS 1 89 1

Tyncwm -(SN 700-943) [tyddyn + y + cwm] ; [tm'kum I . Griffiths, lDJ'kum E . James] Cae yn y Cwm 1 679 Cymerau MS S, Kae yn y Cwm 1 690 Cymerau MSS, Ty'n y Cwm 1 803map J. Singer, Ty'n Cwm 1 824PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'n y Cwm OOS1 834, Ty'n-y-cwm OS 1 834, Tyn-y-cwm 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-cwm OS 1 891

Tyngarth -(SN 690-945)[tyddyn + y + garth]; [tm�'gare I. Griffiths, biJ'gare E. James] Tythyn Garthyrhebog vcha 1 679 Cymerau MSS, Tythin Garth yr Hebog 1 690 Cymerau MSS, Tyddyn Garth yr Hebog ycha 1 698 Cymerau MSS, Ty'n y Garth 1 803map J. Singer, T)rn y Garth 1 8 1 5PR Eglwys­ fach, Tyn y Garth fach 1 8 1 6PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'n y Garth OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-garth O S 1 834, Tyn-y-garth 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-garth OS 1 89 1 , Tyngarth 1 980 Papur Pawb n. 60 The garth in question lies immediately to the SE, see Coed Garth (78-b).

Tynpwll -(SN 683-943)[tyddyn + y + pwll]; [trrn'pul I. Griffiths, tm'pul E. James] Tythyn Tv yn y Pwll 1 679 Cymerau MSS , Tythin Ty yn y Pwll 1 690 Cymerau MSS, Tythin Tvy yn y Pwl1 1 698 Cymerau MSS, Tynypwll 1 78 1 Cymerau MSS , Ty'n y Pwll 1 790sur map, T)rn y Pwll 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'n y Pwll OOS 1 834, Ty'n-y-pwll O S 1 834, Ty'npwll 1 841 cens. , Tyn-y-pwll 1 845TMS, Ty'n-y-pwll OS 1 89 1

Tynrhiw -(SN 684-948) [tyddyn + y + rhiw] ; [tm'hriW W . J . Jenkins] T)rn y Rhyw 1 822PR Eglwys-fach, Ty'n Rhiw OOS 1 834, Ty'nrhiw 1 841 cens. Existent [ 1 8451MS] .

Waunbwll -(SN 737-939) [y + gwaun-bwll] ; [ti,newi('),wajn'bul E. James, wajn'bul T. Jones, B. Hopkins] Cowhouse 1 790sur map, Wayn Bull 1 803map J. Singer, Barn OOS 1 834, Gwaun-bwll O S 1 834, Waunpwll c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn, Waen y Bwlch 1 862 G.Borrow p. l 89, Gwaen-bwll OS 1 89 1 , Gweunbwll 0Sc. 1 95 0 See Hen-dy

Waunbwll (78-a). Wenffrwd -(SN 670-93 3 ) [y + gwen + ffrwd]; [wenfrud E. James] Tyddyn Gwen:ffio od 1 627/28 Genau'rglyn MSS, Wenffiwd 1 790sur map, Wen Ffrwd OOS 1 834, Wen:ffiwd O S 1 834, Gwen:ffiwd 1 845TMS, Wernfrwyd 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno, Wen:ffiwd OS 1 891 , i'r Weffiwd 1 95 7 Lloffion Llangynfelyn vol. 7 p. 8 , (c) Coed y Wenffrwd O S 1 982, Y Wenffrwd 1 984 Papur Pawb n. l 03

Ynysderyn -(SN 683-954) [ynys + aderynt [�ms'derrn W. J. Jenkins, �msa'derm I. Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins] Ynysaderyn OS 1 982 b. l 930s [inf. w. J. Jenkins]. Ynysedwyn -(SN 678-962)[ynys + pn. Edwyn] ; [�niS'edwm I. Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins] Ynys Edwyn 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ynis Edwin als. Penisaf 1 792 BRA ( 1 963) MSS p. 9, Ynys Edwin 1 8 14PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys Edwyn OOS 1 8 34, Ynys Edwin O S 1 834, Ynys Edwin Cottage 1 845TMS, Ynys-edwin OS 1 89 1 Rather than being the OE. pn.

Edwin (pace a tentative equation b y R G . Gruffydd with Edwin of Jones: 35]) the pn Edwyn is likely to be OW.pn. ludguin [c. 1 140 LL:

Northumbria [ 1 978 R. Bromvvich & R. B.

1 182

(78) GENAU'RGLYN 260t cf Ednyfed 988 Harl. MS 3859: 1 78], Idneuet [ 1 143-51 (1 500¥2) in 1 993b: H. Pryce]), Llynedno (SH 66-49, Nantgwynant, Caerns.), containing a reflex of OW.pn. Iudnou [c. l l40 LL: 73] . The Etguin son of Guriat (c. l l40 LL: 249-50] who was king of Gwent c. 1 0 1 5, may have had an English name, or his story was written later with his name represent a developed form of the attested personal-name Idguin [c. l l 40 LL: 260]. The contemporary eleventh-century Edwyn ab Gronwy of Tegeingl may have given his name to Llysedwyn (Northop, Flints.) [ 1 967-70 M. Richards: so]. The alias Pen-isa refers to this being the holding nearest the sea in this area Ynyseidoi -(SN 678-948)[ynys + eidiol] ; [ams'ejd:>l, ams'i·d:>l W. J. Jenkins, ams'ejdj:>l I. Griffiths] Ynys Ddiol (sic) 1 776MR Genau'rglyn., Ynis Eidol 1 790sur map, Ynys Eidol 1 803map J.Singer, Ynys Eidol 1 833PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys Eidol OOS 1 834, Ynys-Eidiol OS 1 834, Ynys Eidol 1 845TMS, Ynys­ Eidiol OS 1 89 1 The term eidol 'idol', i s attested as early as the sixteenth century [GPC s.v. eidol], however, one would expect an article with such a comparatively late loanword from English. There is another term eidiol 'shout, cry, praise', which may even have been a personal-name [1 947 J. Lloyd-Jones: 86; 1 982 A o. H. Jarman: 87] . If Ynyseidol is not derived from this name it may contain a variant of another personal-name Eidal [c.l 250 BBC : 41 ] whose derivation is obscure (but has nothing to do with the term Eidal 'Italy', a sixteenth­ century neologism). It is found in the OW.tn Pen Brynn Eital (Llangors, Brees.) [c. l 140 LL: 146] , and we must not fail to note that there exists a Panteidal (SN 66-97, Tywyn, Mers.) almost directly opposite this site, across the Dyfi estuary, some 3km to the NW of Ynyseidol. The pn. Eidal (sometimes attested as Eidyal) was judged by I. Williams [ 1 943 BBCS: 1 1 . 1 27] to contain the element gal, as did other pns. Arthal, Cadial, Gwrial, Moria/ (see sub Penforial, 40-a), for a discussion of the element gal, see 1 947 J. Lloyd-Jones; I. Williams in 1 943 BBCS vol. 1 1 pp. 1 27-28. Ynys-fach -(SN 670-950)[ynys + bach] ; r�ms'va:z I. Griffiths, IDIS'va:z W. J. Jenkins] Ynysfach als. Ynyseirdre 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ynis fach 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Ynys vach 1 70 1 Gwynfryn MS S, Ynis vach 1 776MR Genau'rglyn, Ynis fach 1 790sur map, Ynis vach 1 792 BRA (1 963) MSS p.9, Ynys fuch 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys fach OOS 1 834, Ynys-fach O S 1 834, Ynys-fiich OS 1 89 1 The Ynyseirdre of 1 680 could easily stand for Ynysfaerdre, unfortunately we have no more attestations. This hypothesis would be strengthened if we could confirm the connection between the old medieval forest of Llys-y-coed with Coed Ysgubor-y-coed (78-b), just over l km to the E. A compound term *aerdref'inheritance settlement' is not known. Ynys-fechan -(SN 668-948)[ynys + bechan]; [ams'vezan W. J. Jenkins] Ynys fechan OOS 1 834, Ynys-fach OS 1 834, Ynys fechan 1 845TMS, Ynys-fechan 08 1 89 1 , Ynysfach­ fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 25 Ynysfeurig -(SN 674-960)[ynys + pn. Meurig]; [ams'vejrtg I. Griffiths, W. J. Jenkins] Ynys Firig 1 822PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys Feurig OS1 834, Ynys Feireg OOS 1 834, Ynys Feirig 1 845TMS Ynysgreigog -(SN 673-948)[ynys + creigiog] ; [mts'grtg :>g W. J. Jenkins, ams'grig :>g T. Jones, ams'g rtjgj:>g, �ms'gnjg:>g I. Griffiths] Ynys Greigog 1 629 Cwrt-mawr M8S, Ynys Greigog 1 647 Nouadd MSS, Ynysgerrigog 1 648 Nouadd MS S, Inysgrigoge 1 6 5 1 Aberglasney MS 1 05, Ynys Grigogge 1 652 Cwrt-mawr M8S, Ynis Grigog 1 671 Cwrt-mawr MS 8, Ynisgrigog 1 677 Peniarth MSS, Ynnis Gerigog 1 760map E.Bowen, Ynis Greigog 1 790PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys Greigiog 1 8 1 3PR Eglwys-fach, Ynys Garregog OOS 1 834, Ynys-greigiog 08 1 834, Ynys-greigog OS 1 891 Ynyshir -(SN 681 -958)[ynys + hir]; [amJ'i:r W. J. Jenkins, ams'i:r ('farm + 'ho:l) I. Griffiths] Ynysir 1 627 Gwynfryn MS8, Ynyshire 1 680 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Ynisheere 1 691 Bronwydd MSS, Ynyshir 1 699map W.Waller, Ynisheer 1 772MR Genau'rglyn, Ynys Hir 008 1 834, Plas Ynys-hrr + Ynys-hrr Farm OS 1 89 1 , Ynyshir Hall Hotel OS 1 982, Ynyshir 1 98 5 R.Burt et a/. p.90 Cf Coed Penrhyn-mawr (78-b) . Ysgoldy Glandyfi -(SN 696-970)[ysgoldy + tn. Glandyfi(ii) (78-a)] ; [kapel'ba:z,glan'davi I. Griffiths] Ysgo ldy Glan-dyfi OS 1 904 Ysgol Eglwys-fach -(SN 687-957)[ysgol + tn. Eglwys-fach (78-a)] ; [ a'rask:>l, ti'rask:>l, ask:>l,eglojs'va:z I. Griffiths] Eglwysfach C.P. 1 967 WL8, S chool OS 1 982 Ystradeinon -(SN 708-939)[ystrad + hn. Einon] ; [astrad'ejnj:>n I. Griffiths, astrad'ijn:>n E. James]

1 183

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Stratgilion

?

1 277-80 in 1 897 R A.Roberts p . 1 29, Ystrad Einon 1 803map J. Singer, Ystrad Binion

OOS 1 834, Ystrad-einon O S 1 834, Ystrad-einon O S 1 89 1 , Ystrad-einion OS 1 904 Is the first form an incorrect one for something like

*Stratenion?

geonyms Banc-y-castell -(SN 736-965) [banc + tn.

Castell (78-a)];

Bank y Castell 1 790sur map

Bedd-y-fuwch -(SN c. 7 1 9-923) [bedd + y + buwch] ; [be:(}�'VIWX E. in£ Braich -(SN 694-948)[braich] ;

James]

Braich O S 1 89 1 , Y Fraich OS 1 904

Braicheithinog -(SN 687-932)[braich + eithinog] ; Braich Eithinog 1 790sur map

Braichglas -(SN 726-96 1 ) [braich + glas] ; Braich Gliis 1 790sur map

Bryndu -(SN

7 1 3-966)[bryn + du];

Brin Du 1 8451MS, Bryn-du OS 1 89 1

Bwlch -(SN 746-929)[bwlch] ; Bwlch 1 789sur map

Bwlcharddwyen -(SN 7 1 0-922)[bwlch + ? ] ; [bolx;ar'(}ujen Gw. Jenkins] in£ Two hillocks, two jaws (dau glap, dwy en) [inf Gw. Jenkins] ; cf Hendre-arddwyfan (prox. Cerrig-y-drudion, Denbs.) and Bwlch-y-ddeufaen (prox. Aberconwy, Caems.) pronounced bolz�'5ojvan [(Tal-y-bont) inf SWDP] . Bwlchcorf - ( S N 734-949) [bwlch + hn. Corfj ; Carn Bwlch Coro 1 790sur map, Bwlch Corog O S 1 834, Bwlch Corog O S 1 89 1 Above

Cefncoch (78-a) it

is difficult t o decide which o f the two tributaries had the name

one seems the most obvious, and indeed this leads to tributary leads to

Blaencorf (78-a).

Though

coif does

Bwlchcoif,

Coif,

the western

however, against this, the eastern

exist meaning 'ravine' in south-eastern Welsh, this

particular name is well-separated from the main incidence of the south-eastern word, and it is feasible that in this instance it meant 'saddle-bow', as the gap

in the mountain -

leading to the Einon watershed - was

fancied to resemble a saddle-bow.

Carreg-y-traethau -(SN 740-944)[carreg + y + traethau] ; Carreg y Traethau 1 790sur map

Carreg Ystumllaith -(SN 693-968)[carreg + tn Ystumllaith] ; [�'gareg H. M Lewis] Carreg Ystumllaeth > 1 765 L.Morris p. 78, Carreg Ystum Llaith (not Llaeth) > 1 765

L.Morris p. 1 1 9, Rock

1 790map T.Lewis, Careg-y-stumlaeth 1 840 in 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p. 45 1 , The Garreg Estym Lladd 1 889Per. Genau'rglyn The meaning of the ftrst part of the name of this rock is likely to be ystum '(river) bend'. The second part is of the name is where the difficulty lies, for it may be: 1 )

llaith

'damp'; and 2)

if unstressed,

if under the stress-accent,

either

llaeth 'milk' or

may be either of the aforementioned words, or even possibly another.

All this remains very open ended untless we get a trustworthy local pronunciation. L. Morris

noted that the river Dyft was originally called

Llaith,

however,

H.

Owen [ 1 936:

4.451 ]

[>1 765: 1 1 9 ]

disagreed: "There

used to be a prevalent delusion that the old name of the Dovey was Llaeth or Cynllaeth . . . This name Llaeth was believed to recur not only in Carreg Ystum Llaeth, a rock in the Dovey about half a mile below the point where the three counties meet, which gives its name to the village of Garreg," ; see

Garreg (78-a).

The uppermost mountain reaches of the river Dyfi - under Aran Fawddwy

called Llaethnant.

Cefncoch -(SN

747-962)[cefu + coch];

Cefn-coch OS 1 834, Cefn Coch OS 1 89 1 S ee Cefncoch(i.) (78-a). Cei-coch -(SN 690-967)[cei + coch]; [kej'ko:x; W. J. Jenkins] Cei (sic loc. ?) O S 1 834, Y Cei 1 93 8 E. Isaac p. 79 This was landing stage to Castell Glandyfi (78-a) [ 1 906 WFM MS 2684].

1 1 84

(Mers.) -

was

(78) GENAU'RGL YN Cerryg Blaencletwr-fawr -(SN 707-926)[cerrig + hn. Blaencletwr-fawr (77-a)] ; Moel-ddu OS 1 834, Cerig Blaen-clettwr-fawr, Esgair Foel-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Cerrig Blaencletwr-fawr OS 1 982 The name Moelddu, as well as the name Esgaiifoelddu, are extracted from Esgaiifeuddi (77-a). Cerryghirion - (SN 7 1 7- 966)[ cerrig + hirion]; Cerrig Hirion 1 790sur map These seem to be the four upright stones half a mile NE of Brwyno (78-a) which T. Jones [1 967: 1 14] suggested may have given rise to the mention of the grave of Brwyno in the thirteenth-century 'Englynion y beddau'. These seem to be the standing stones at the top of Pant-yr-hwch (78-b) [inf B. Hopkins] .

Cerryglleidr -(SN 7 1 9-95 l )[cerrig + y + lleidr]; [keng 'kjdir B. Hopkins] inf Cf Ogo-Morys (77-b). Y Clip -(SN 686-967)[y + clip] ; Y Clip OOS 1 834

Coed Cae-llechwedd -(SN 688-947)[coed + tn. Cae-llechwedd] ; Coed Cae-llechwedd O S I 904

Coed Cerryg-mawr -(SN 688-943)[coed + tn. Cerryg-mawr] ; Coed Cerig-mawr OS 1 904, Coed Cerrig-mawr O S 1 982 No wood [OS1 891 ].

Coed-y-cwm -(SN 693 -944)[ coed + y + cwm] ; Coed Ty'n-y-garth OS 1 89 1 , Coed y Cwm OS 1 904

Coed-y-garth -(SN 682-946)[ coed + y + garth] ; [(c) a'garO E. James, 1 Griffiths, k�jda'gar8 I. Griffiths] (c) Cae'r Garth, Garth isaf + Garth uchaf l 790sur map, Coed Garth O S 1 8 9 1 , Coed y Garth OS 1 904 The garth in question was at SN 687-944, which is also referred to by Tyngarth (78-a); cf Y Garth (78-a). Coed Penrhyn-mawr -(SN 679-958)[coed + tn. Penrhyn-mawr] ; Coed Penrhyn-mawr OS 1 891

Penrhyn-mawr referred to the rocky hill referred to by Ynyshir (78-a), the -mawr being in (78-a). Coed Ysgubor-y-coed -(SN 682-952)[coed + tn. Ysgubor-y-coed] ; The tn.

opposition to Penrhyn-bach

Coed Ysgubor-y-coed OS 1 904, Coed Ysguber-y-coed 0Sc. 1 950 The location of

Ysgubor-y-coed which must have had some importance to have given its name to the

whole parse! is uncertain, but probably in the nearby vicinity, see sub Fjj;rnas (78-a). It is tempting to connect the site of Ysgubor-y-coed with the medieval forest of Llyscoed (viz. Leyse Coyt [ 1 277-80 in 1 897

R A Roberts : 1 29] , Liscoyt [ 1281 Ca1ChartR: 281 ), 'wood' Lissecoyd [ 1284 CaliM: 1 .387], Lesfyn + Lescoyth [ 1 301 in 1 936 M. Rhys: 201 ] , Randyr Lysycoyt [ 1 302-03rent: 1 5] , Llysycoed [ 1 933map W. Rees]), which lay in Genau'rglyn commote [1 28 1 CalChartR: 281 ] . This has been equated with Brynllys and Henllys (74-a) by W. Rees [ 1 93 3map ] , but note the mention of Foresta de Inter Eynon et Leuenant [ 1 301-02 ARCWW: 61], which is precisely the area in which Coed Ysgubor-y-coed lies. This forest or wood seems to have been important under the native princes, see sub Ynys-fach (78-a), Domenlas (78-b). Corlanlas -(SN 692-936)[corlan + glas] ; Corlanlas c. l 85 0map Genau'rglyn, Sheepfold O S 1 89 1

Craig Cae-rhedyn - (SN 7 1 0-967)[craig + tn. Cae-rhedyn (78-a)] ; [krajg,kaj'hredin

A Jones]

Craig Caerhedyn OS 1 89 1

Craigfoel -(SN 734-928)[ craig + tn. Foel] ; Craig Moel-y-Llyn (sic) O S 1 904 See Foe! (78-b). Craig-y-gath -(SN 695-941 )[craig + y + cath] ; Craig y Gath OS 1 904

Crindir -(SN 706-963)[ crin + tir] ; [krandrr B. Hopkins] Crwmdir 1 83 8 Cymerau MSS Land on either side of the river [inf. B. Hopkins] . The meaning

cryndir 'round land' (crwn 'round') does not crindir 'parched/scorched land' (GPC s.v. crindir]. The pronunciation krandrr rather than the expected *krmdrr can be attributed to pre-

appear to be very convincing, it is likelier that we have the attested word

1 185

(78) GENAU'RGLYN cluster reduction, cf Lluestcrinwydd (53-a) most usually written Lluest-y-crynwydd; cf Cryndir (SO 04-67, Nantme1, Rads.), is also likely to be for Crindir though it appears to have cryn- rather than crin-. Cwm-y-casteii -(SN 739-96 1 )[cwm + tn. Castell] ; [kum�'kastcl T. Jones] Cwm y Dindro 1 790sur map, Cwm y Castell OS 1 891 The 1 790 name contains the feminine noun tindro 'sway-back', a condition affecting the back-end of lambs [GM s.v. tindro], or referring to abnormally hollow backs of horses (L. lordosis) [OED s.v. sway] . Cwmeinon -(SN 708-93 8)[cwm + hn . Einon]; Cwm-einon OS 1 891, Cwm-einion OS 1 904, Einion Valley 1 906 WFM MS 2684, Artists Valley in£ Cwmllyfnant -(SN 724-975)[cwrn + hn. Llyfuant] ; [kum'i�vnant I. Griffiths] Llyfuant Valley OS 1 89 1 Cwmrhaeadr -(SN 753-767)[cwm + y + rhaeadr] ; [kum'hriad T . Jones] Cwm Rhaiadr OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Rhaeadr, Cwm Rhaiadr OS 1 982 Cf Cwmrhaeadr-fach (78-a). Cyfercoch -(SN 676-958)[cyfer + coch]; [k�v�r'ko:x W. J. Jenkins] Covert Coch OS 1 904, Covert Coch OS 1 982 The English term cover is synonymous with covert, and is obviously the variant which gave the names Cyfercoch and Cyferdu, cf k�var 'cover, small wood' (Bangor, Caerns.) [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 324]. Cyferdu -(SN 675-953)[ cyfer + du]; [k�v�r'di: W. J. Jenkins] Covert Du inf. Darrenfelen(i) -(SN 697-949)(Cronwen)[y + tarren + melen] ; Daren Felen OS 1 904, Darren Felen OS 1 982 Darrenfelen(ii) -(SN 75 1 -945)(Cwmrhaeadr)[y + tarren + melen]; Darren Fellen 1 803map J. Singer Darrenwen -(SN 742-970)[y + tarren + gwen] ; Darren Wen I 790sur map Domenlas -(SN 687-968)[y + tomen + glas]; Aberdewi s.a. 1 1 59(c. 1 286) Ann. Camb.(B) p.46, Aberdevi s.a. l l 57(c. 1 288) Ann. Camb. (C) p. 46, Castellum Aberdiwy s.a. 1 1 5 7(c. 1 286) Ann.Camb. (B) p.48, Aber Dyui s. a. 1 1 56( 1 300%) BT(RBH TJ) p. l 32, a Chastell Aber Dyui s. a. l 1 58( 1 3 00%) BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 3 8, Aber Dyfi s.a. l 1 09(1 3 00%) BT(RBH TJ) p. 59, Aber Einawn s.a. l 206(1 300%) B T(RBH TJ) p. 1 86, Aberdyui 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen.20) p. 1 0 1 , a Chastell Dyui 1 300¥4 BT(Pen. 20) p. 1 05, Abereinnyawn 1 3 002/4 BT(Pen.20) p. 1 50, Abereinion c. l 475 BS p. 200, Dommen Uis 1 790map T.Lewis, Tommen Uis 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.43 8, Tommen-las OOS 1 834, Tomen-las O S 1 834, Domen Las (Tumulus) OS 1 891, Castell Abereinon (sic loc. , Dinascerdin, 14-b) 1 93 3map W.Rees, Castell Tomen Las, Abereinion 1 99 1 A ab Alun p.24 This seems to have been first built in 1 1 56 by Rhys ab Gruffudd [ 13004/4 BT(RBH TJ): 1 32] to defend the northern flank of his vast dominion Castell Abereinon seems to refer to a rebuilding by Maelgwn ab Rhys in 1206. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the river Einon might well have been the limit between Cyfeiliog and Ceredigion at that time. "Nid pentref presennol Aberdyfi ar Ian ogleddol yr afon a olygir wrth y ffurfiau uchod, ond aber yr afon tua'r Domen Las ger Glandyfi ar y Ian ddeheuol." [ 1938 R. J. Thomas : 1 39], this is confirmed by T. H. Williams [ 1 93 1 : 64-65] who notes that the present site of Aberdyfi consisted of only three houses in 1 560, with a seasonal swelling of the population related to the herring fishery was at its height. In this century the lowest ford that crossed the river Dyfi lay about 1 km upstream at SN 695-973 [inf. w. J . Jenkins], opposite the suggestively named MOJfa-Saeson (78-b); cf sub Castellhywel ( 14-a); Moelynys (75-a); BWI Cilgraig ( 14-b). Elgraig -(SN 7 1 8-964)[ ? + craig] ; Yr Elgraig 1 790sur map, (c214) Rhosydd Elgraig (prox.) 1 845TMS Cf Algraig (Llanflhangel-ar-arth, Carms.) [ 1 820PR Llandysu1] . Esgairfrwynog -(SN 739-962)[ esgair + brwynog]; Esgir Frwynog 1 790sur map Esgairgoch -(SN 704-967)[esgair + coch]; [�skwd)'go:x A. Jones, B. Hopkins] Eskir Goch 1 83 8 Cymerau MSS, Esgir Goch 1 845TMS, (c338) Esgergoch 1 894 in 1 894map Abergwngu Esgair-y-gog -(SN 749-95 1 )[esgair + y + cog] ; Esgir y Gog 1 790sur map Esgair-y-llyn -(SN 751 -93 5)[esgair + y + llyn] ; [bauk�'im T. Jones] 1 186

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Esgir y Llyn 1 790sur map Esgairmaen -(SN 73 1 -947)[ esgair + y + maen] ; [esker'ma:n E. James] Carnedd 1 789sur map, Esgir Maen 1 790sur map, Cairn OS 1 982 Fedw-fach -(SN 703-962)[y + bedw + bach] ; [vedu'va:z B . Hopkins] GwailofFedw fach 1 83 8 Cymerau MSS, Fedw rach OS 1 89 1 , Fedw fach OS 1 982 A wood consisting mainly of larches [inf. B. Hopkins] . Ffridd-y-bwlch -(SN 699-952)[ffridd + y + bwlch]; [fri·l5�'bulz, d�nm'hrl on maps B. Hopkins] Ffridd Bwlch 1 838 Cymerau MSS, Dynyn Hill OS 1 89 1 , (c321) Ffrydd y Bwlch 1 894 in 1 894map Abergwngu It is not clear whether the bwlch in question is that of Bwlch-y-maen (78-a) or Bwlcheinon (78-a). It was on Dynin (78-a) land. Dynin Hill could be confused with m�ml5'd�nm [inf I. Griffiths] which is a general term for all the mountainland belonging to Dynin. Foei -(SN 727-925)[y + moel] ; Y Fo el OS 1 89 1 , Moel y Llyn (sic) OS 1 904 Foel-fach -(SN 687-955)[y + moel + bach]; [v;:,jl've:z, v;:,jl'va:z I. Griffiths] 'common called' Voel vach 1 764MR Genau'rglyn, Voel Eglwis fach 1 789MR Genau'rglyn, 'common' Voel-yr-eglwys-fach 1 793MR Genau'rglyn, Foel fach OS1 834, Foel fach Common 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno, Foel tach OS 1 891 Foel-fawr -(SN 695-953)[y + moel + mawr] ; [v;:,jl'vawr I. Griffiths, B. Hopkins] Foel fawr OOS 1 834, Foel-fawr OS 1 834, Foel fawr Common 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno, Foel-fawr OS 1 89 1 Along with Foel-fach, this was enclosed and sold under the Corsfochno Enclosure Act o f 1 847 ( 1 860>map Genau'rglyn] . Foelgoch -(SN 695-928)[y + moel + coch] ; [m;:,jl'go:x, E. James] (c) Llain Bwlch y Moilgoch ?? 1 724 Cwmcynfelyn MSS p.7, Carn Pen y Foel Goch, Foel Gron (prox. ) 1 789sur map, Carn Pen y Voel Goch, Ochr y F oel Goch 1 790sur map, F oel Goch OS 1 89 1 Gameddwen -(SN 7 1 0-968)(y + carnedd + gwen]; [ka'nei)wen A. Jones] inf Gorllwyd -(SN 737-932)[ ? ] ; Gorllwyd 1 790sur map See hn. Nant-y-gorllwyd. Gorsgoch -(SN 730-956) [y + cors + coch] ; [g ;:,rs'go:x B. Hopkins] Gors Goch O S 1 891 , Gors Goch OS 1 904 Graigwen -(SN 729-93 8)[y + craig + gwen] ; Graig Wen 1 8002/zmap Ysgubor-y-coed Gwauneilo -(SN 680-937)[gwaun + pn. Eilio ? ] ; [wajn,keveu'gWirj;:,n W. J. Jenkins] Waun Eilo Common 1 789sur map, Gwaun Eilio Common 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno This may contain the vn. eilio meaning 'to plait, interweave; build', the root ail being found in adeilad 'building', since much original Welsh medieval building were wattled constructions. However, a hypocoristic pn. *Eilio (which seems to lie behind the name of the celebrated saint Teilio) seems quite reasonable, cf Moeleilio (SH 74-65, Dolgarrog, Caems.). W. J. Gruffydd [ 1 928: 247] has explained that another Moeleilio on the OS maps (SH 55-57, Betws Garmon, Caems.) was locally pronounced Moe/ Eilian, and so has nothing to do with *Eilio. Llannerchcyffion -(SN 669-956) [llannerch + y + cyffio n] ; Llanerch Cyffion 1 790map T .Lewis Cf Gwemcyffion (Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 766]; see F.fynnoncyjf(2-a). Llechweddgarw -(SN 709-954)[11echwedd + garw] ; [iezwel)'garu A. Jones, B. Hopkins, oz;:,r'dud A. Jones, oz;:,r'd�wd B. Hopkins] Llechwedd Garw 1 83 8 Cymerau MSS, Llechwedd Gam 1 845TMS, (c244) Llechwedd Garw 1 894 in 1 894map Abergwngu There is a disagreement between B. Hopkins who identifies Ochrdywyll with this place and A. Jones, who identifies it with Sgwarnog (78-b). Llidiardcoch -(SN 679-932)[1lidiard + coch] ; Llidiart Coch 1 789sur map, Llidiart Clawdd Coch als. Ty'n y Nant 1 790sur map 1 18 7

(78) GENAU'RGLYN Llynboliau-Uoi -(SN c.733-975)[llyn + boliau + Hoi]; [im,b�lje'bj T. Jones] in£ In olden days calves consisted of only a head and a belly (dim ond pen a bof) [inf. T. Jones]. Llyncna -(SN 747-969)[llyn + ? ] ; Llyn Cna O S 1 89 1 A water drop here the height of a house and a chimney (uchder tf; a simnai) [inf. T . Jones] ; "Cna: darn canghennog o bren tebyg i stol drithroed, i'w roi dan shafft trol i'w dal i fyny ar y buarth. " (Mechain, Monts.) [1916-1 8 D. Thomas: 22] ; cf Llety'rcnafals. Cribyn (25-a). Llynconach -(SN 740-93 1 )[llyn + hn. Conach] ; [im'k:lnaz I. Griffiths, E. James, Gw. Jenkins, k�naz E. Humphreys] Connach Pool 1 860>map Genau'rglyn, Llyn Conach OS 1 89 1 Llyndwfn -(SN 738-926)[1lyn + dwfu]; [hn'duvun I. Griffiths, E. James, Gw. Jenkins] Llyn Dwfu OS 1 891 b. bet. 1 845-91 ( 1844TM8; 08189 1 ] . Llyn Penrhaeadr -(SN 752-932)[llyn + pen + rhaeadr] ; [im,pen'hriad T. Jones, hn,pen'hrejad E. James] Llyn Penrhayad 1 789sur map, Llyn Penrhaiad 1 790sur map, Llyn Penrhaidr 1 803map J. Singer, Llyn Pen Rhaead OOS 1 834, Llyn Penrhaiadr 1 845TMS, Llyn Pen Rhaiade c. l 850map Genau'rglyn, Llyn Pen­ rhaiadr OS 1 891 , Llyn Penrhaeadr OS 1 982 Cf Llyn-pen-rhaeadr (76-b) . Llyn-y-plas -(SN 747-92 1 )[llyn + y + plas] ; [im�'pla:s E. James] New Pool OS 1 89 1 , Llyn y Plas 1 973 C.Fychan p. 77 b. bet. l 845-91 ( 1844TM8; 081 891]. Marian-mawr -(SN 682-967)[marian + mawr] ; Marian mawr inf Marian-newydd -(SN 668-957)[marian + newydd] ; Marrian newydd 1 790map T.Lewis. , Marian Ynys fach 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno Moel-y-cosyn -(SN 676-946)[moel + y + cosyn] ; Moel y Cossin 1 790sur map, Moel y Cossin Wood 1 845TMS, Fedw Wood OS1 89 1 , Coed y Fedw OS 1 904 Moelhyrddod -(SN 72 1 -947)[moel + yr + hyrddod]; [m:ljl'h�r.ilst the correct \Velsh form of the name \Vas found in northern \Vales viz. Llanelltud (}v1ers.). This is wrong on two counts: 1 ) it ignores the fact that th€ two Llanilltud in Glamorganshim ar€ in fact pronounc€d Llanelltud [ 1 993 11'-T: 1 .224]; 2) it is ultimately based on an note wTitten by the Celticist \V. Stokes [ 1 894: 4 1 ] who while justifiably equati..1g the OV/. el- of personal-names with I. il rr.any , went on to incorrectly compare OC. personal-name element ill- to these. Sit1ce the vowel of ill- is different from el- it follows that it is a different term (pace I. \lfilliams's equation of the names in El= with those in JJ, i..'1 LL [ 1 93 1 BBCS : 5. 1 36-37], and l\1. Richards's equation of Ell� and Ill� as free variants [ 1 967-70: 1 20] ). The form Llanilltud is the one expected in \Velsh (cf B . tn. Lanildud (FiPistere); W.tn. Llanillteym (Glams.); OC. pn. Illcum [Ioth-llthc.ent. Bod.m.M-.a..rm. ] ). The ieason we have Llanellrud i..1 \Velsh is due to affection of by the fu.�m.l , e.g. Llanillrad __,. Llanulltud -+ Llanelltud (cf murddun � merddyn, pn. Curig Cerig). The M:erionetrtStille Llanelltud is recorded as Llanvlltud [ 1 4 1 5-1 6 Rec.Caetu.: 277], Ll. Ylldyd [c. 1 566EPC] . Ptmwaun �(SN 1 54=443)[pen + y + gwaun]; Pen y \V€m ? 1 8 1 7PR Llandydoch, P€nywaun, P€nyw€m 1 83 8TJ\1S, Pen-waun OS 1 89 1 , P€nw€un, Pe'weun 1 990 ATD n.293 Penwaun Vi!!a -(SN 1 52-442)[tn. Penwaun (79-a) + E. villa] ; Pemvaun Villa OS 1 982 Plas�n�wydd �(SN 1 67�454)[plas + nev.ydd] ; [pla:s'new:::� C. r- 1. Phillips] PJas newydd c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.246, Plasnewydh 1 7 1 3 Nouadd MSS, Plasnewydd 1 7 1 3 F. Green MSS vol. l 6 p. 3 1 6, Plas newydd 1 7 1 4 Nouadd J\fSS, Plas newidd 1 720 Ff:Ynnone MSS p. 1 3 5, Place nev.'Ydd 1 724 Nouadd 11S 692, Place newidd 1 791LT (BGCh), P!as newydd 1 8 1 0 R.Fenton p. 282, Plasnewydd OOS 1 8 1 4, Plasnev..ydd OS 1 8 1 9, Plas ne\vyc 1 83 1 PR Llandydoch, Plasnev.ydd 1 83 8Tl\.1S The 'hen bias', it would seem was the abbey of Llandydoch; "The Parrys lived at St. Dogmaels, at Plas NeVvydd, and the old house of the abbey seems to have entirely disappeared. " [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 &5] ; origi..tal mansion house was the abbey [ 1 810 R. Fenton: 282] ; "a late creation of my countryrrm.n and old friend Sir \Vatkin Lewes, " ( 1 8 1 0 R. Fenton: 282]. This place was associated vvi.th another called Afissmead [ 1838TM:S] : (c) }.1iss }..1ead [ 1 720 Ff)'In1one MSS: 1 35], A1issmead [ 1 720 Gr. Owen }.1SS], Park ]l.faesmead [1 793 Nouadd i\1SS], A1ismead [ 1 83 8Th1S Llandydoch] ; for its etymology, see sub Parc�y�reif..ll (1-d). Plas-y=waun -(SN 1 6 1 -447)[plas + y + gwaun]; [pla:sa'wejn C. r-v1. Phillips] =

'

'

�

..

1 196

(79) CEMAIS Plas-y-waun OS 1 89 1

PwUmoudwy -(SN

1 77-446)[pwll + y + meudvvy] ;

[pu:la'mejdu

C.

M Phillips]

Pwlly Meidwy 1 6 1 4W (BGCh), Pooll y Moidw 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Pwll Moidw 1 83 8TMS, Pwll y Moidu 1 85 3 Poor Rate, Pwll-y-mudw OS 1 89 1 , Pwll-y·mudu OS 1 904, Pwll y Meidw OS 1 982, Pwll�y-mwdw 1 992 PN Pernbs. p. 1 89 -(SN 1 79-439) [rhipyn + llwyd] ;

Rhipynllwyd

Rhippin Llwyd 1 83 8TMS, Rhydpinllwyd 1 85 3 Poor Rate

Rhosgerdd -(SN (c) Roos

1 62�447)[rhos + cerdd] ; ?? 1 53 7 in 1 907 E.R Pritchard p. 1 03 , Rhos ?? 1 544 in 1 907 E. Pritchard p. 1 1 6, Rose Gerdd

1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Rhosger 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Rhosgerdd 1 834map J.Wood,

yr hen R'os Gerdd 1 990

ATD n.302-03 For a possible interpretation of cerdd, see sub

Rhyd-y-gwin -(SN

1 70-43 0)[rhyd + y + gwin] ;

Gogerddan (72-a). [hri:d�'gwi:n C. M. Phillips]

Rhydygwin 1 84 1 cens. , Rhyd-y-gwm OS 1 904, Rhygwyn OS 1 982 Cf Rhyd-y-gwin (25-a). Ridgeway -(SN 1 79-453 ) [E.tn.

Ridgeway

(St lssells, Pembs.)] ; [r1d3'wej

C. M. Phillips, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. 1 52]

Bridge Way 1 8 1 2 Nouadd MSS , Park y Same ?? 1 826PR Llandydoch, Bridgway 1 84 1 cens. , Ridge Way 1 880PR Llandydoch, Ridgeway 1 88 1 in 1 947 R Edwards p. 67, Ridgeway OS 1 89 1 The original name o f this house was the apt Bridgeway, but it was reanalysed a s Ridgeway probably under the influence of the mansion of Ridgeway (St Issells, Pemhs.), and is now a housing estate.

Rising Sun

-(SN 1 78�446)[E. risi.'lg + sun] ;

Rising Sun OS 1 982

Rock Cottage -(SN

1 64-444) [E. mck + cottage] ;

Rock Cottage OS 1 982

Ropeyard

=(SN 1 79=45 5)[E. ropeyard] ;

Ropewalk OOS 1 8 1 4, Rope=walk OS 1 8 1 9, Rope \Valk 1 834map J.\Vood, Rope Yard,

(c)

Rope Yard

Fields 1 83 8TIII:S, (c) Ropewalk Fields 1 85 3 Poor Rate, Rope \Valk OS 1 89 1 , Rope \Valk O S 1 904, ar Riw'r

Rope-yard 1 974 D.\V. Thomas p. l 08, (c) Ropeyard Hill l982 J.G.Jenki.t"lS p. 80, (prL ) Dai'r Ropiard

1 990 ATD n. 296-97 The ropeyard was in the open air [ 1 982 J. G. Jenkins: 80]; bet. Gat Pent.Vd (79-a) and Station Terrace [inf. D_

Davies] .

Sbeit

�(SN 1 79-443) (E. spit€] ; Spite OS 1 89 1

Troed-y-rbiw

-(SN 1 78 -M6)[troed + y + rhiw] ;

[tro:d;}'hrrw C.

:J\1. Phillips,

�tr:}jd;}'riw

1 995 :J\1. \V. Jones

p. l l 3 ] Troed y Rr.iw 1 83 1 PR Llandydoch, Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 8 9 1

Ty-hen

-(SN

1 57-448) [ty + hen]; [ti: 'he:n C.

1\-1: . Phillips]

Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 , Ty-hen 0Sc. 1 950

[email protected] Spring Gardens �(SN

1 75-4 5 7)[E. (upper +) spring + gardens] ;

Spring Terrae€ + N€Vv'J)Ort Plac€ 1 885PR Llandydocr., Upper Spri.'1g Gardens O S 1 89 1

\Vaunsegur-isa -(SN

1 5 9-447)[y + gwaun + segur (+ isaf)] ;

[wejn'segir (i:Ja) C .

1\1. Phillips]

Gurne S egier 1 53 6 in 1 9 1 7 Cyrr..tr..rodor vol.27 p . 20, \Vine Segir isha 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), V/aun S egur is:haf,

\Vaun

Seger

issa

1 83 8Tl\1S,

V/eunsegir

1 853PR Llandydoch,

\Vaunmsegur�isaf OS 1 89 1 ,

\Veunsegur 1 990 ATD ns. 293, 3 04=06 The meaning of segur is 'idle, unoccupied'

\Vaunseg-ur-ucha

-(SN 1 49-443) [y * gvvaun

( 1 992 PN PGmbs: 190] .

* segur (* uchaf)] ; [wejn'segrr (i·xa) C.

lM. Phillips]

\Vi.'le S egir ucha 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), \Vaun S eger uchaf 1 83 8Tl\1S, \Vaun=segur=uchaf 0S l 89 1

Ysgolcapel -(SN

1 65 -458)[ysgol + y + capel];

[Isk�l..ad previously been a

�...1ethodist chapel on tr.is site [inf. :M. G. James] .

1 197

(79) CEMAIS hodonyms Bane Llundain -(SN 1 65-457)[banc + tn. Llundain]; [barJk'imden C. M. Phillips, M. G. James] 'burgage in . . . street called' Landan 'within township of St. Dogmaels' 1 537 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 03 , Laundau 1 544 in 1 907 E .RPritchard p. l l 6, Lawndone Street 1 60 1 W (BGCh), Longdowne Street 1 724 Nouadd MS 692, Longdown St 1 77 Nouadd MSS, Longdoun Street 1 771 Nouadd MSS (BGCh), London vach ? 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Heol Llundain als. London Street 1 794 PD, Longdown Street 1 81 3PR Llandydoch, London Street 1 820PR Llandydoch, Heol Llundain 1 83 0PR Llandydoch, Longdoun Street 1 837PR Llandydoch, London Bank c. 1 850 inf , Longdown 1 877PR Llandydoch, Long down St. OS 1 904, Long Down Bank 1 990 ATD n. 254 "Probably 'long down or hill' (v. lang, diin), with later confusion with London, in Welsh Llundain. " [ 1 992 PN Pernbs: 1 79] . This was recently incorrectly welshified as Y Bryn Hir by the community council on bilingual signs [inf. c. M. Phillips] .

geonyms Alit Carreg-y-fran -(SN 1 75-436)[alit + tn Carreg-y-fnin]; Gallt Careg-y-fran O S 1 904 Allt-y-cribyn -(SN 1 79-440)[allt + y + cribyn] ; Gallt y Cribin OS 1 904 Allt-y-cwarel -(SN 1 78-444)[alit + y + cwarel] ; Gallt y Cwarel OS 1 904 Castell -(SN 1 73-433)(Nantparchellan)[ castell] ; Castell OS 1 834, Castell OS 1 89 1 , Earthwork OS 1 982 Thought to be medieval [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A. H. A Hogg: 270] . Cwmdogwaei - (SN 1 62-453)[cwm + pn. Dogfael] ; [kum'degwel C. M. Phillips] Coom Degwell 1 603 G. Owen vol. 2 p. 82, Cumdegwell 1 798 Nouadd MSS vo1.2 p.292, Cwmdegwell 1 798 Nouadd MSS vol.2 p.292 (BGCh), Cwmdegwell 1 8 1 8PR Llandydoch, Cwmdugwell 1 8 1 8 Nouadd MSS, Cwm Tegwell 1 826PR Llandydoch, Cwmdegwell 1 853 Poor Rate, Cwm-dywell 1 854PR Llandydoch, Blaenycwm als. Blaencwmdegwel1 1 86 1 M.Richardson MSS p. 523, Cwm Tegwel OS 1 891 , Cwm Degwel OS 1 904, Cwm (sign) "This cwm . . . seems to have taken its name from . . . Capel Degwel. " [ 1 992 PN Pernbs: 186] . Y Gwncwii -( SN 1 7-45)[y + ? ]; [�'gurJkol M. G. James, C. M. Phillips] Cwncwll 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 64, Y Gwncwll 1 992 Clebran n. 1 98 A wood between Aberteifi and Llandydoch, thought to be haunted by ghosts known as Can Bendith y Mammau, Screch y Rhibyn, Tylwyth Teg ( 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 64] . The meaning of cwncwll is obscure though it was explained to me as meaning 'a ravine' [inf c. M. Phillip s] , a similar-looking name Y Concyll als. Penyconcyll was situated on Traeth Tredraeth (Newport, Pembs.) [c. l 970map I. Mathias]. Mertsh PentWd -(SN 1 86-455)[mertsh + tn. Pentwd (79-a)] ; [mertf,pen'tu:d L. Williams, �'mertJ D. Davies] Pentood March 1 867 J.RPhillips p. 1 6, Pentood Marsh OS 1 89 1 , Cors, Morfa Pentood c. 1 970map I. Mathias There was another similar name Y Mertsh (Newport, Pernbs.) near the mouth of the river Nyfer [ 1 995 Llafar Gwlad: 49. 1 5] , Le Mershe 1 434, Merch 1 8 1 6, Marsh 1 860 [ 1 992 PN Pernbs: 1 69) . This archaic form of E. marsh seems to be found again in Merches 1 490-91 (prox. Gmngetown, Cardiff, Glarus.), though here it is explained by D. R Paterson [ 1 926: 45] as from OE. mearc 'march, boundary', rather than from OE. mersc 'marsh, watery land'.

1 198

(80) CEMAIS LLANDYDOCH-DREFOL (ABI) Bryndu -(SN 1 63-474)[bryn + du]; [brm di : C. M Phillips] Bryn-du 1 83 8TMS, Bryn-du OS 1 89 1 Clawddcam -(SN 1 44-464)[clawdd + cam]; [klaw kam I. James] Clawdd Cam 1 665 Bronwydd MSS, Tir Clawdd Cam 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Clawdd Cam 1 73 8PR Llandydoch, Clawddcam OOS 1 8 1 4, Clawddcam OS 1 8 1 9, Clawcam 1 828 Nouadd MSS, Clawdd-cam OS 1 834, Clawdd-cam OS 1 89 1 Cwmdeifo-ganoi -(SN 1 46-476)(cwm + y + deifio (+ canol)] ; [kum'dejv� E . Williams, C . M. Phillips] Cwmdivo 1 8 1 7PR Llandydoch, Cwm-deifo OS 1 834, Cwmdeifo 1 83 1 PR Llandydoch, Cwmdeifo-canol OS 1 89 1 , Cwmdeifo-ganol OS 1 904 G. Owen [ 1 603: 1 . 1 02] describes a rill running nearby, without giving it a name. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 222], followed by B. G. Charles [1 992: 1 86], assumed that Deifo was the name of a stream (but it is more likely to have had the same name as Myneian-fawr, 80-a); cf Carndeifo (SM 98-3 1 , Llanfair Nant-y-gof, Pembs.), on which B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 225] noted " The second element teifo is difficult. " It seems to me feasible that both names contain the element deifio 'searing, scorching', which is used in the phrase: gwmt an dejv� 'wind scorching' (Llanafan) [inf E. M. Lewis] . Cwmdeifo-ganol, and especially Cwmdeifo-isa (80-a), are well placed to feel the direct force of the wind passing through the gap in the hills at Cipyn (81 a). Cwmdeifo-isa -(8N 1 47-478){cwm + y + deifio (+ isaf)]; Cwmdeifo-isaf OS 1 891 Cwmdeifo-ucha -(8N 1 45-473) [cwm + y + deifio (+ uchaf)] ; Cwmdeifo-uchaf OS 1 891 Dincwd -(SN 1 62-470)[tin + y + cwd}; [d1ukud C. M. Phillips] Dincwt 1 825PR Llandydoch, Tin-cwd 08 1 834, Dincoed 1 832PR Llandydoch, Dincood {v. l. BGCh} 1 832PR Llandydoch, Dincoed, Dincwd 1 83 8TM8, Dincoed, 'sometimes' Dincwd 1 86 1 Nouadd M88, Ty'n-coed 08 1 89 1 The word tin i s often realised din in south-western Wales. I t would seem that the phrase tin y cwd, lit. 'arse of the sack', figuratively means much the same as E. 'bottom of the barrel', e.g. "Bydd rhywyr cynnilo pan eir i din y cwd." [ 1760 L. Morris in 1 909 J. H. Davies: 21 0] ; £Stiukud 'ychydig o rywbeth ar waelod cwd', "Dim ond tincwd o flawd sy ar ol nawr. (Cei-newydd) [ 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 803]; cf "Dincwd: enw lle bychan yng nghwr uchaf plwyf Llangeler. Llygriad yw'r enw o Ty'nycoed. [ 1899 D. E. Jones: 1 1 9] . Tyncoed is but an attempt to improve the name, though note that names in tyn- are not found in the bottom of Cardiganshire or in Pembrokeshire; see Ysguborwen (80-a). Glanteifi -(SN 1 63 -472)[glan + hn Teifi]; [glan'tejvi C. M. Phillips] Glan Teifi 1 748map L.Morris, Glantivy 1 880PR Llandydoch, Glan-Tivy OS 1 89 1 , Glan Teify OS 1 904, Glanteifi Hotel OS 1 982 Mabbits Hom -(SN 1 77-480)[E. sn. Mabbitt + 's + horn] ; Mabbitt's Horn OS 1 982 There is a field-name Mabbit's Horn (Ludford, Shropshire), which is supposed to be named after the guard of a coach from Hereford who sounded his horn there to announce its impending arrival in Ludlow [ 1 980 H. D. G. Foxall: 64] Maes-y-hedydd -(8N 1 77-480)[maes + yr + ehedydd]; Maesyhedydd OS 1 982 Melin-y-gors -(8N 1 5 1 -470)[melin + y + cors] ; Melyn y Gorse 1 665 Bronwydd MSS, Melin Menian 1 720 Nouadd M8S, Menian Mill als. Melin Menian 1 720 Ffynnone M8S p. 1 3 5, Manian Mill als. Melin Menian 1 720 Gr. Owen MSS (BGCh), Velin y Gorse 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Manean Mil1 1 793 Nouadd MS8, Felinygos 008 1 8 1 4, Felinygos OS 1 8 1 9, Felinygors 1 834map J.Wood, Felin-y-gors OS 1 834, Manian-fiich Mill OS 1 89 1 , Manian Mill 1 894 M.Richardson MS8 p. 545, Mill OS 1 904, Mill (dis.) 08c. 1 950, Manian Mill 08 1 982 Myneian-fawr -(SN 1 52-479)[ ? (+ mawr)] ; [man'ejan, man,ejan'vowr C. M. Phillips] Meynian Moore 1 603 G Owen in 1 892 H. Owen vol l p. 1 02, Menyan vawer 1 652 Nouadd M8S, Manaian fawr 1 69 1 i n 1 907 E.Pritchard p.201 , Menione vawre, Menian vawr 1 691 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p.202, Manegan 1 692 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p.208, Manegan vawre 1 692 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p.210, '

'

11

11

.

1 199

(80) CEMAIS Manian vawr 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. 1 3 5, Menian vaur 1 720 Nouadd MS S {v. l. BGCh} , Manian fawr 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Manean als. Maneanfawr 1 796 Nouadd MS S , Fanian fawr OOS 1 8 1 4, Maneian OS 1 8 1 9, Vanian 1 824-44 Nouadd MSS, Maneian fawr 1 83 0PR Llandydoch, Maen-eian O S 1 834, Fanian fawr 1 834map J.Wood, Maneuan 1 837PR Llandygwy, Manion fawr 1 838TMS, Manian-fawr {v. l. BGCh} 1 83 8TMS, Manianfawr 1 85 3 Poor Rate, Manian-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Mani"an-fawr OS 1 982 "It takes its name from a brook called lVlynian,"

[1 936 H. Owen: 4.523 ]. Myneian Fields -(SN 1 5 8-475) [tn.

[ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 82]�

cf hn.

Mynian which joins Clwyd

Myneian (80-a) + E. fields] �

Manian Fields OS 1 982

Penlwc-owt -(SN

1 62-476)[pen + E. lookout] ;

[pen,luk'owt M G.

James]

Coast Guard Station 1 874PR Llandydoch, St. Dogmell's Battery OS 1 89 1 , The Battery 1 91 3 TS 27/06/ 1 3 , Lookout 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 87

Plas-bach - (SN

1 62-474)[plas + bach];

[pla:s'ba:x C.

M. Phillips]

Plas-bach ? 1 6 1 4 F. Green MS S vol. 1 0 p. 1 2, Plas-bach OS 1 89 1 , Plasbach O S 1 982

Poput -(SN

1 5 1 -485)[E. ? + pit] �

[p:lpd, webli C .

M. Phillips]

'una clausa vocata' Potpitt 1 53 7 in 1 907 E. Pritchard p. 1 0 1 , Potpyt 1 544 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. l l 5 , Poppet 1 748map L.Morris, Poppit 1 8 1 4PR L1andydoch, Popit O S 1 834, Poppet 1 83 8 TMS, Poppit 1 83 8 burg. list, Poppit Inn 1 84 1 cens. , Pophyd 1 85 3 Poor Rate, The Webley Arms 1 856 Nouadd MSS vol 2 p.284, Popit 1 8 5 8PR Llandydoch, Poppit 1 86 1 Nouadd MS S, Webley Arms Inn (P.H. ) 0S l 89 1 , drwy'r Popit 1 942

R T. Jenkins

p. 2 1 , Webley Hotel OS 1 982, Popit 1 984 San March,

(c) Rhiw y Webli

1 990 AID

n. 3 02-303

pott 'a pot' is also possible as the frrst element Pwllcam 1 83 9 TA, 'crooked pit or pool'. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 89] � potte = 'a deep hole, a pit, a deep hole in a river-bed . . . ' [EPNE: 2.72 ] ; Translated from Pwllcam ? [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 0 1 ] � William Henry Webley Parry (t 1 853), of Nouadd Dre-fawr [ 1 969 CER: 6. 1 5 1 ], owned all the land in Abbey hamlet in 1 83 8 [ 1 8381MS] it is probably from him that the inn had been renamed Webli by 1 856; see Pwllcam (80-b), Y Bar (81-b). "This seems to be

ME potte

'a deep hole' and pytt 'a pit'.

'a pot-like hollow or pit'. The Welsh name was

Rhyg -(SN

1 62-470) [rhyg] ;

Rhug OS 1 982

Ty-hir -(SN

1 54-462)[tY + hir]�

[ti·hi:r I.

James]

Ty Hyr 1 692 in 1 907 E. Pritchard p. 202, Ty Hir {v. l. BGCh} 1 692 in 1 907 E .Pritchard p.202, Tir y Tuy Hir 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. 1 3 5 , Tyhir 1 769 Nouadd MSS, Tyhir OOS 1 8 1 4, Tyhir O S 1 8 1 9, Ty-hrr O S 1 83 4, Ty Hir 1 83 8TMS, Tyhyr 1 85 3 Poor Rate, Ty-hir 0Sc. 1 950

Y Wyrcos -(SN

1 60-469)[y + E. workhouse]� [�·w�rk:ls M. G. James,

albr:l C . M

Phillips]

Work House 1 83 8TMS { date of schedule, map may have been a little later} , Work House 1 840PR Llandydoch, Union Workhouse 1 844PR The Cardigan Union Workhouse 1 85 1 Ab cens., Llandydoch, Union 1 867PR Llandydoch, Poorhouse 1 876PR Llandydoch, Cardigan Union Workhouse OS 1 89 1 , The Workhouse, St. Dogmell's 1 89 1PR Penbryn, Workhouse O S 1 904, yn Nhloty Aberteifi 1 9 1 6 Geninen vol . 3 4 p. 5 1 , Albro Castle 0Sc. 1 950, o'r Wyrcos 1 990 AID n. 3 02-03, 97, Pwros,

Y Pwros

Y Wyrcos

1 990 AID n.270, 296-

'wen nhw'n weud' 1 990 AID n. 3 02-03

b. 1 83 9-40, on a field of Dincwd (80-a)

[ 1 978 CER: 8.252; 1 984 TS 23/03/84; 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 108]. The Castle - cf Albro (80-b) - may have been inspired by Erilo Castle als. Erilo (8 1-a). Ysguborwen -(SN 1 56-466) [ysgubor + gwen]; [skib:lr'wen C. M. Phillips] alias Albro

Dincoed 1 83 8TMS, Ysgubor-wen O S 1 89 1 This was part o f the holding Dincwd (80-a) in 1 83 8 was at one time a barn, may emulate

[ 1 838 1MS] . The name Ysguborwen, which suggests this Ysgubmwen (81-a).

geonyms Albro

-(SN 1 56-469) [ ? ] �

[pen'albro, �·ralbro M

G. James]

Albro O S 1 89 1 , 'i gadw wyrcos . . . Ian yn' Yr Albro 1 990 ATD n. 3 09-1 0

Y Wyrcos (80-a), b. l 839-40 is obscure. It appears to have Aldborough [1 960 ODEPN: 5], though I cannot conceive of a connection between Albro and the places named A ldborough . It The meaning of this name, also given to

originally referred to the hill, though it has a distinctly English feel to it, cf E.tns.

1 200

(80) CEMAIS is hard to see this place being a separate English name as I do not believe that the fossilised OE. ald 'old' is found in the English toponymy of Pembrokeshire [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 744]. There is also, at present, a house named Albro in Rheol (80-c). Casteii-(SN 1 50-479)[ castell] ; Castell OS 1 89 1 , Castell Manian fawr 1 99 1 A ab Alun p.29 Thought to be medieval [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 270]. Llec -( SN 1 63 -475)(ME. leche ? ] ; Llek als. Llec 1 9 1 3 T S 27/06/1 3 , Llec, Pwll Llaca c. 1 970map I.Mathias This is the name of a stretch of water where the present channel of the Teifi river departs from Yr Hen­ afon (d). The etymology of Llec is obscure, and this seems to have been so to a local fisherman of nearly a century ago: "for want of a better name, close by running into it. " [ 1 9 1 3 TS 27/07/1 3]. It is perhaps a reflex of OE. * laec(c), *laece, *lee(c), *Ieee, ME. leche, MnE. !etch 'a slow-moving stream' [EPNE: 2. 10], which has been identified by D. R Paterson [1 926: 1 8] in Lecky the old name of Roath Brook (Cardiff, G1ams.), Kenelechi c. l 200. The OE. *laec(c) etc., is a derivative of OE. lacu [EPNE : 2. 10], commonly found as lake 'stream' in the English toponymy of southern Wales. This lake is the origin of the second element of the apparent alias Pwll Llaca (see sub Laca, 2-a), though the apparent interchangeability of the two English forms in this particular spot does strain credibility somewhat, perhaps Pwll Llaca is just a coincidence since llaca meaning 'dirt' is commonly found in Welsh toponymy, or it may even be a popular reanalysis of obscure Llec. PwUcam -(SN 169-48 1 )[pwll + cam] ; Pwllcam OOS 1 814, i'r Pwllcam 1 8 1 9 O.W. Thomas, Pwllcam OS 1 8 1 9, Pwllgam 08 1 834, Pwllcam 1 83 81MS Pwllcam had been a safe place of anchorage in all tides and a good landing place for materials at Poput (80-a) ( 1 990 w. l Lewis: 50] ; In 1 8 55 it was noted that Pwllcam was no longer a pool because the Teifi no longer passed that way [ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 50]; a little north of Poput [1 91 3 TS 27/06/1 3]; see Poput (80-a).

1201

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Though Llandydoch church and abbey are not in Cardiganshire, nor most of the village, I deemed it desirable to include the rest of the parish of Llandydoch which is in Pembrokeshire, as it is of relevance to the portion of the parish of Llandydoch which lies in Cardiganshire.

LLANDYDOCH-WLEDIG (PEMBS.) Allt-y-coed -(SN 1 34-494)[allt + y + coed] ; [ait�'gwe:d I. James, alt�'g �jd E. Williams] Gallt y Coed 1 748map L.Morris, Dall am Goed 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Dallangoed 1 8 1 4FB (BGCh), Alltygoed OS 1 8 1 9, Alit y Goed 1 823PR Llandydoch, Alh-y-coed OS 1 834, Dallargoed 1 836PR Llandydoch, Dallamgoed 1 83 8TMS, DQllargoed 1 847PR Llandydoch, Allt y Goed als. Dallamgoed 'as it is named in the old assessments of the parish' 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 52, Allt-y-goed OS 1 89 1 , Danllamgoed 1 9 1 1 EL (BGCh), Allt-y-goed OS 1 982, Allt y Cwed 1 990 ATD n.294 The lenition of coed seems to prove the defmite article was lost at some point giving *Alltcoed, making it susceptible to anomalous lenition *Alltgoed, the fact that the defmite article is still realised may reflect the evanescent (sometimes present - sometimes absent) nature of the definite article in Welsh toponyms. The form Dallamgoed is strange but makes one suspect that Allt-y-coed is a popular reanalysis of an obscure toponym, which might also be the real explanation of the lenition of coed. If we can trust Alh-y-coed as the original form then the meaning appears to be the 'cliff or escarpment of the woods' which suits its orientation opposite to the prevailling western winds which stunt tree growth.

Allt-fach -(SN 1 6 1 -459)(allt + bach]; (c) Park Alit fach 1 8 1 9 Nouadd MSS, Tanrallt, Danrallt ? 1 84 l cens . , Allt-fach 1 845PR Llandydoch, Alit fach OS 1 982, Yr Alit ? 1 983 San May Bethseida -(SN 1 62-459)[Bibl.tn. Bethsaida]; Chap OS 1 982, Be'seida 1 990 ATD ns. 3 02-03, 296-97, By'seida 1 990 ATD n.3 00, Bethsaida (sign) b. 1 837, enl. 1 857, reb. 1 932 ( sign] ; Bethsaida was originally a village of fJShermen in the Holy Land [inf M. G. James]; denom. B. Blaendyffryn -(SN 1 2 1 -45 1 )[blaen + dyffryn] ; [blajn'd�frm I. James] inf Brincws -(SN 1 5 1 -460)[ ? ] ; [brUJkus C. M. Phillips]

Tir y Brinkus 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. l 3 5, Brinkus 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Brincus 1 720 Nouadd MSS (BGCh), Brinkws 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Smith (sic?) OS 1 834, Brincws, Bryncwys 1 83 8TMS, Bryncws OS 1 982 "Either bryn with an unknown significant element or a W. loan-word brine from ME . brink, brenke 'brink, edge of a bank' with the suffix -ws found in cwtws. " ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 84] ; he also compares the obscure

Penbrencus (Newport) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 70] . Brincws-fach -(SN 1 57-455)[ ? (+ bach)] ; [bngkus'va:z C. M Phillips] New Brincws 1 83 6> Nouadd MSS vol. 2 p. 30 1 , Brincws 1 838TMS , Bryncws-isaf-fach OS 1 982 This site was termed part of Focsul land (81-a), belonging to Webley Parry of Nouadd Tre-fawr (4-a) and thus of no landholding connection with the older Brincws (81-a). It was and was a smallholding of nineteen acres ( 1 8381MS].

Bronhaul(i) -(SN 1 3 3-494)[bron + haul] ; Fron-haul O S 1 891

Bronhoul(ii) -(SN 1 4 1 -48 1 ) [bron + haul] ; [vr�n'h�jl, now delvrm E. Williams] Tre-cwn-uchaf OS 1 891 , Tre-cwn-uchaf OS 1 904, Delfryn OS 1 982 See Trec:Wn-ucha (81 -a). Bryndeifo -(SN ) [bryn + tn. [cwm]deifo (80-a)] ; [brm'dejv;l I. James] Bryndeifo OS 1 89 1 , PO OS 1 982

Brynhyfryd -(SN 1 4 1 -485) [bryn + hyfryd] ; [brm'h�vnd E. Williams] Bryn-hyfryd OS 1 904

Brynsalem -(SN 1 3 7-482)[bryn + Bibl.tn Salem] ; [brm'salem, E. Williams, I. James, kapel,baz ,brm'salem I. James] Bryn Salem Chapel (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Chapel OS 1 904

Bryntirion -(SN 1 45-482)[bryn + tn. Tirion (8 1-a)] ; Brintirion 1 83 8TMS, Bryntirion OS 1 8 9 1 , Bryn-tirion OS 1 904

1 202

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Bugeilfa -(SN

1 3 6-477)[bugail + -fa] ; [ bi g ejl va I. James] l

Bugeilfa OS 1 904

I. James] - the preacher

A house built for a preacher [inf.

being often compared to a shepherd (W.

bugail)

in Nonconformist imagery.

Bwlchmwr -(SN c. 1 62-457) [bwlch + y + ? L [bulz��mu:r

said my grandmother M. G. James]

Bulk More 1 576 Kyle MSS , Bulch Moore 1 672 Gr. Owen MS S (BGCh), Bulch Moor 1 684 Coedmor MS 5 1 5 , Bwlch y More 1 8 1 8PR Llandydoch, Bwlchymer 1 829 MRichardson MS S p. 504,

(c363, 365)

Bulch

Moor 1 83 8TMS, Bwlch y Moor 1 846PR Llandydoch, Blaenycwm als. Blaencwmdegwell als. Bwlchmor 1 86 1 MRichardson MSS vol.2 p. 523, Bwlchymoor 1 9 1 5 Beckingsale MSS p. 243 Cf

Caerau

Allt-y-mwr (1 5-b); Pen-y-moor (OS map form) (SO 3 1-43, Dorstone, Here.).

-(SN 1 24-45 3 )[caerau] ; [kejre I. James] Caire Llandebloden 1 4 1 7 Bronwydd MSS , Place y Cairre 1 50Q4h Bronwydd MSS p. 52, The Cayre c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 267, Caere 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Caerau O S 1 8 1 9, Caerau OS 1 834, Yr Eglwys Ddiflodan 1 864 H.J. Vincent p. 302, Caer O S 1 891 , Caerau O S 1 904 This name refers to the fortifications of Castell 'church'. H. J. Vincent

[1 864: 302]

(8 1-b).

llan Castell, both N and s ("several

The form of 1 4 1 7 seems to contain the term

came across a burials on the E side of

graves have been found during the last seventy years . " ) . He further reports that the area in which these burials were found were called

Llain yr Eglwys als. Y Fynwent als. Yr Eglwys Ddiflodan (I am unsure

whether these were really aliases, or names of adjoining pieces of land). It will be noted that the form of

Yr Eglwys Ddiflodan, or more correctly perhaps Yr Eglwys Ddiflodau, was interpreted by H. J. is obviously connected to the Caire Llandebloden of 1 4 1 7, though such an odd sense for a place-name makes one suspect a popular interpretation of the form Llandebloden by some antiquary. The connection of this term to diffod(d) 'extinguishing' by RCA(H)M Pembs. [ 1 925: 359] is not tenable. H. J. Vincent [1 864: 300] also mentioned a square stone building 200yds w of earthwork named Caerau bach, but it is not clear that this was exactly the same location. In all likelihood this old church was on the site in a field called Yr Hen Manachlog 'the old Abbey' [c. 1 603 in 1948 NLWJ: 5.267] (Yr Hen Vanachlog [ 1 8 10 R. Fenton: 282] ; Yr Hen Monachlog [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 2] ; Hen Mynachlog [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 5] ) , upon which there were "some small ruins" [c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.267] . R Fenton [ 1 8 1 0: 2 82] supposed Yr Henjjmachlog to have been the site of the original monastery of Llandydoch, but because of the name

Vincent as 'the flowerless church', and

the disparate nature of the evidence, B. G. Charles concluded as follows: "The site may have had an early ecclesiastical foundation near it but the evidence is not sufficient to determine the name of the saint after whom the

llan was named. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 80] . E. Pritchard [ 1 907: 1 2] claims that Yr Henjjmachlog: . . . "

besides being well known by this name, is also marked in the larger edition of the map of the Ordnance Survey, " - however, the name she had in mind may have been Mynachlog (81-a) be confused - but I know of no map that notes such a name, either at

- with which it should not Caerau or near Mynachlog; see

Rhos-y-moelaid (81-a); cf sub Gilfach (81-a). Capeldogwael -(SN (ii) 1 62-464)[capel + pn Dogfael] ; Nothva Degwell als. Refugium ? 1 445 PapReg ix 454 (BGCh), Cappell Degwell vol.2 p . 5 09, Capel Degwel

(ii)

(i) c. 1 603 in H. Owen

1 84 l cens. , Capel-Degwel 1 875PR Llandydoch, Capel Degwell (Indt)

O S 1 89 1 , Capel O S 1 904

Yr Heneglwys (which Capeldogwael (or even if they were the same site): "an old chapel belonging or appertaining to the said abbey" [1 691 in 1 907 E. Pritchard: 202] ; "an ancient chapel in or near the said abbey and now visible" [ 1691 in 1 907 E. Pritchard: 205]; " There hath been and yet is an ancient chapel within the said monastery" [1 691 in 1 907 E. Pritchard: 204]. B. G. Charles [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 80] places it somewhere in Cwmdogwael, probably on the strength of the similarities of name. This accords with the sources of 1 69 1 which show that the chapel was near the abbey, just below Cwmdogwael. The location o f Fynnondegwell [1 800 Nouadd MSS] , Fjjmon Degwell [ 1 800 Nouadd MSS] (BGCh), Fjjmon Degwell [1 821PR Llandydoch], Ffynnondigwell [ 1 823 Bronwydd MSS] , Fjjmnon Tegwel [ 1 829PR L1andydoch] would be of help, and maybe Tegwell Hill [ 1 81 9PR L1andydoch] . ii) SN 1 62-464. b. 1 828, when cottages were converted into an Independent meeting house [1 990 w. J. Lewis: 37] ; denom. I. This site probably had no connection with the original Capeldogwael beyond i) site within parish unknown. It is unclear whether the following references refer to

was the old parish church) or to

adopting its name.

Castellgwynt -(SN

1 3 6-490)[ castell + y + gwynt] ;

1 203

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Castell Gwynt O S 1 89 1

Cilgarthen

-(SN 1 3 0-45 1 ) [cil + y + earthen] ;

[krl'garOen I.

James]

Cilgarthan c. 1 3 5 0( 1 933 )map W.Rees (BGCh), Killgarthen 1 695 Derwydd MSS (BGCh), Kilgarthen 1 760 BRA MSS (BGCh), Cilgarthen, Kilgathen 1 83 8TMS , Cil-garthan OS 1 89 1

garthan 'encampment, stronghold, rampart' [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 85]. 1 30-48 1 ) [cipyn (+ bach)] ; [k1pm'va:x E. Williams, k1pm'ba:x I . James]

"This is from

cil

'nook' and possibly

. . . , but no remains of a

fort have been noted here. "

Cipyn-fach

-(SN

Cippin-fach (sic loc. ) O S 1 834, Kippin fach 1 83 8TMS, Cippign-fiich O S 1 89 1 , Cippin-fiich O S 1 904, Cippyn-fiich OS 1 982

Cipyn-fawr

-(SN 1 40-480)[cipyn (+ mawr)] ;

[kipm'vowr

I. James, E. Williams,

k1pin

E. Williams,

adg 1pm

I.

James] Ryppyn 1 5 84 F. Green MSS vol. 6 p. 297, Tythin Kippin 1 596 in 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 1 8 1 , Kippin c. 1 600 in 1 897 H.Owen vol.2 p . 5 05 , Keven Kyppin (prox. ) 1 602 GS (BGCh),. Kippin c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 268, Havo y Kippin (prox. ) 1 6 1 4W (BGCh), Kippen, Kippin 1 63 9 F. Green MS S vol 6 p. 1 1 5 , Kippin Glan y Gross 1 695 Derwydd MSS (BGCh),_ Kipynt 1 748map L.Morris, Cippinfawr O S 1 8 1 9, Cippin fawr (sic loc.) O S 1 834, i Gipyn 1 926 TS 25/06/26, Cippin-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Cippyn-fawr O S 1 982 D. R Paterson

[ 1 926: 46-47]

discussing

Cibwr (Glarus.) wrote:

"The first part is perhaps

kip,

'a jutting point

or pointed hill,' a term noted in Northern dialect, the origin of which is not clear. It may be related to Low Germ.

kip,

names like

'point of a cowL' or it may be British with the same meaning from cippus, 'a stake. ' Cognate

Kiphill, Kiplaw,

in Northumberland, on the spurs of hills or ridges, . . . may contain it.

Cippin,

the triangular headland in North Pembrokeshire, of which Cemmaes Head is the apex, may perhaps be

G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 8 1 ] writes: "The only recorded Welsh word (from 1 802) corresponding cipyn 'small pack, bundle', a borrowing from Eng kip 'bundle', related to cipan 'a bag' (recorded from c. 1 592) which is of the same origin (v. GPC s. v. ) . Here used topographically to denote an elevated spot. " Cf Cippin Stone (SN 04-39, Newport), Kepinstone 1 827, Kippiston 1 829, Kipping Stone 1 83 5 [1 992 PN Pembs: 169], to which B. G. Charles compares Park bach Gyby Stone 1 749, Llain Gippy Stone 1 845; cf Carreg-gibi (Llanwnda) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 257-58]; see Tregibi (1-a). Cipyn-ganoi -( SN 1 34-4 8 1 ) [cipyn (+ canol) ] ; [�r.he·n,brm'salem (desc.) I. James] compared. " B. in form is

Cippinganol OS 1 8 1 9, Cippin-ganol OS 1 834, Kippin-ganol 1 834PR Llandydoch

Cnycau

-(SN 1 39-490)[cnyciau] ;

[knuke E.

Williams]

Cnwcau OS 1 89 1

Coastguard Lookout -(SN

1 29-492)[E. coastguard + lookout} ;

Coastguard Lookout O S 1 8 9 1

Cockshead -(SN

1 40-485) [E. cockshootL

Cockshead OS 1 89 1 , Coks-head 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 85

Cwm

-(SN 1 1 2-454) [cwm] ; Cwm ? 1 826PR Llandydoch, Cwm O S 1 89 1 , Cwm-tawel OS 1 904

Cwm-canoi - ( SN

1 54-45 1 )[cwm (+ canol)] ;

Cwmcanol Street 1 84 1 cens . , Cwm-canol O S 1 904

Cwmclyd

-(SN 1 4 1 -490)[cwm + clyd] ;

Gwm-clyd 1 84 1 cens. , Cwm-clyd OS 1 89 1

Cwmconell -( SN

1 1 8-460)[cwm + hn. Conell] ;

[kom'kond I .

James]

Blayne Cowell (prox.) 1 625 F. Green MSS vol.9 p . 94 (BGCh), Cwmconell 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Cwmconell O S 1 8 1 9, Cwm-conell O S 1 834, Cwmconell 1 83 8TMS, Blaen Connell (prox. ) 1 865PR Llandydoch, Cwm­ conell O S 1 89 1 , Cwmcornell O S 1 982 is attested for the stream; cf Blaenconell (unloc., prox.). The stream­ + -ell, referring to the reeds along its course; cfhn. Conyn or Conin a tributary of the river Cleddau (Llandysilio, Pembs.). Cwm Gemos -(SN 1 3 0-489)[cwm + tn. Gernos (81 -a)]; Cwm y Gernos 1 827PR Llandydoch (BGCh), (c232) Tyr Cwm on Granant 1 83 8TMS, Cwm y Gemos The name

Conell [c.1603 NLWJ: 5.268]

name is probably composed of cawn

1 85 5PR Llandydoch (BGCh)

Cwmins

-(SN 1 6 1 -458)[cwmins] ;

Common o f

s.t

Dogmells 1 8 1 3PR Llandydoch, The Common 1 8 1 9 Nouadd MSS , Common 1 822PR

Llandydoch, St. Dogmells Common 1 826 Nouadd MS S vo1.2 p.300, Cwmins 1 875PR Llandydoch,

1 204

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Commins 1 882PR Llandydoch, Cwmmins 1 884PR Llandydoch, Y Cwmins 1 983 San May, Y Cwrnins 1 990 ATD n.296-97, Cwmins (sign) Cwm-mawr -(SN 1 1 2-452) [cwm (+ mawr)]; [kum'owr I. James] Cwm Keybwr 1 779 Brawdy MSS (BGCh), Ty Cwm Caib Bor 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Cwm mawr 1 82 1 PR Moylgrove (BGCh), Cwm mawr 1 832PR L1andydoch, Cumceibur 1 83 8TMS, Cwm-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Cwm Ceibwr 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 86 The -mawr is in opposition to Cwm-bach (SN 1 1 8-44 1 , Moylgrove) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 2 1 ] . Efail(i) -(SN 1 1 8-447)(Moylgrove)[yr + efail] ; [revel I. James] Glyn-yr-efail (sign) Efail(ii) -(SN 1 39-478)(Gerasim)[yr + efail]; [revel I. James] Smithy OS 1 89 1 , Smy. OS 1 904 Erilo -(SN 1 63-465)[ ? ] ; Herilo Castle 1 83 8PR Llandydoch, Herilo Castle 1 83 8TMS, [ ]herilo Castle 1 853 Poor Rate, Eriloe (sign) Esgym-fach -(SN 1 3 7-476)[yr + esgair (+ bach)] ; [reskm'draw I. James, eskrr'draw E. Williams] Eskern fach 1 838TMS, Esgyrn-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Esgyr-draw OS 1 982 Esgym-fawr -(SN 1 3 8-478)[yr + esgair (+ mawr)] ; [�r'esk1rn I. James, esk1r'vowr E. Williams] Esgeir 1 63 9VB (BGCh), Estgeir 1 639 F. Green MSS vol. 6 p. 1 1 5, Eskeir 1 63 9 F. Green MSS vol.6 p. 1 1 5 (BGCh), Eskirn 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Eskerne 1 8 1 5FB (BGCh), Y Sam OS 1 8 1 9, Esgyrn OS 1 834, Esgyrn 1 83 5PR Llandydoch, Eskern fawr 1 83 8TMS, Esgyrn 1 864 H.J.Vincent p. 304, Esgyrn OS 1 89 1 , Esgyr­ fawr OS 1 982, The Esgyrn 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 53 The name was understood to contain 'bones' [ 1 864 H. J. Vincent: 304) as with a number of names containing esgair 'ridge', cf Esgairhir (76-b) and Esgym (Fishguard) also from esgair [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 57] . 'A feature that enabled the correct turn to Pwllcam' [ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 53] . Fagwyrlas -(SN 1 4 1-487)[y + magwyr + glas]; [vagur'la:s E. Williams] Vagwrlas 1 826PR L1andydoch, Fagwyr-Ias OS 1 89 1 , Fagwrlas OS 1 982 Farlen -(SN 1 62-458)[y + marlen]; [pu:i�'marl M G. James] Varlen 1 724 Nouadd MS 692, Varlin 'in village' 1 8 1 3PR Llandydoch, Varlen 1 840PR Llandydoch A declivity opp. present Istana Merchu was called Pwll-y-marl [inf M. G. James] ; cf Far/en (Llywel, Brees.), Llynfarlen (SN 92-60, Llanwrthwl, Brees.); Pare Pwll-marl als. Briclifield Covert (1 1-b). Y Fferi -(SN 1 63 -467)[y + E. ferry]; [a.r'feri M G. James] Ferry 1 847PR Llandydoch, Ferry House 1 853PR Llandydoch, The Ferry 1 9 1 3 TS 27/06/1 3, o'r Fferi lnn, Y 'Fferi' 1 990 ATD n 302-03, Old Castle Ferry 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 87 The ferry was just below the Fferi Inn ( 1 990 AID: 302-03] ; down the steps (stepse) and crossing in a boat to Hen-gastell (1-a) [ 1 990 AID: 302--03 ] . Ffordd-y-cwm -(SN 1 63 -457)[ffordd + y + cwm] ; Ffordd y Cwm OS 1 982 Ffynnongoeg -(SN 1 34-478)[ffynnon + coeg] ; [f�D:lij'go:g I. James] Ffynnongoeg 1 83 8TMS, Ffynnon-gog OS 1 89 1 , Ffynnongog OS 1 982, Ffynnon-gog 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 86 Ficrej -(SN 1 64-458)[E. vicarage] ; [vikred3 M. G. James] Vicarage OS 1 89 1 b.bet. 1 684-1 891 ( 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 358; OS1 891 ] . Focsul -(SN 1 50-45 1 )[E. fox + hill] ; [v:lksrl C. M Phillips] Foxhyll vaure 1 53 6 in 1 9 1 7 Cymmrodor vol.27 p. 20, Voxhil1 1 665 Bronwydd MSS, Voxhill als. Boxhill 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. l 35, Vaxhill als. Boxhill 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Fox Hill 1 8 1 4 FB (BGCh), Foxhill OS 1 8 1 9, Foxhill OS 1 834, i'r Focsil 1 990 AID n. 3 00 This place-name demonstrates south-western English voicing of initial [f-] --+ [v-] . The 1 720 form Boxhill is an interesting demonstration of the restoration, hypercorrect in this case, of initial consonants by writers of Welsh place-names. Foudr-fach -(SN 1 64-460)[y + beudr + bach] ; [vejdrr'va:z C. M. Phillips] F eidr fach 1 83 1PR Llandydoch, Feidr fach 1 882PR Llandydoch, Feidr fach (sign) Foudr-fawr-(SN 1 62-46 1 ) [y + beudr + mawr] ; [ vejdrr'vowr C. M Phillips]

1 205

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Park Voidir fawr 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Feidir fawr 1 8 1 4 FB (BGCh), Voydr vawr 1 8 1 8PR Llandydoch, Foydr fawr 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Feidr fawr 1 832PR Llandydoch, (c) Park y Forder fawr 1 83 8TMS, Foydir-fawr 1 868PR L1andydoch, Vidyr fawr 1 876PR L1andydoch Furze Mill -(SN 1 3 2-454)(prox. Penwern)[E. furze + mill] ; Furze Mill OS 1 89 1 Gaerwen -(SN 1 1 1 -454)[y + caer + gwen] ; [gar'wen I. James] Gaerwen 1 84 1 cens. , Carwen OS 1 89 1 , Gaerwen OS 1 904, Gaerwen OS 1 982 Gerasim -(SN 1 3 9-478)[Bibl.tn. Gerazim] ; [ge'rasim I. James, E. Williams, ge'razim I. James, grazrm I. James] Meeting House ? 1 83 8TMS, Gerizim Chapel (Part. Bapt. ) OS 1 89 1 , Chapel OS 1 904, Gerasim 1 960 E.Ll. Williams p. 3 5, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 83 9 sun.sch., 1 848 embodied [1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 534] ; denom. B. Gemos -(SN 1 27-479)(y + curnos] ; [i.T'gern:>s I. James, gern:>s E. Williams] Gernos 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Garnos OS 1 8 1 9, Garnos OS 1 834, Gemos 1 83 8TMS, Gernos OS 1 982 Gilfach -(SN 1 27-456)(y + cilfach] ; [ IWr 'g rl va x I. James] Keyre ycha ? 1 697 Maesgwyn MSS (BGCh), Kyre ucha ? 1 708 RTPW MSS (BGCh), Kyre ycha ? 1 763 F. Green MSS vol.8 p. 92, Gilvach ? 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Care ucha ? 1 799 F. Green MSS vol.23 p.401 , Gilvach 1 833PR L1andydoch, Gilfach OS 1 891 There was another place of this name in the unlocated Skringhill Street in Llandydoch: Gillvach [1720 F:fynnone MSS: 1 35], Gillfach ( 1 720 Nouadd MSS]; cf Caerau (81 -a). Glanawen -(SN 1 1 8-447)[glan + hn. Awen]; [glan'awen I. James] inf

Glan-y-mor -(SN 1 47-487)[glan + y + mor] ; [glan�'mo:r E. Williams] Park Glan y More 1 720 Gr.Owen MSS (BGCh), Glanymor OS 1 8 1 9, Glanymor 1 83 1 Nantgwyllt MS 2/4 1 5, Glan-y-mor OS 1 834, Glan-y-mor OS 1 89 1 Glan-y-mor-fach -(SN 1 49-485) [glan + y + mor] ; Glan-y-mor-fiich OS 1 89 1 Glanteifon -(SN 1 63 -468) [glan + ? ] ; Glanteifon 1 8 1 8PR Llandydoch, Glantifon 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Glantifon {v.l. BGCh} 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Glanteivon Street 1 83 3PR Llandydoch, Glanteivon 1 83 6PR Llandydoch, Glantivon Cots, Glanteifon 1 83 8TMS, Lantifon Street 1 84 1 cens. , Glantivon Street 1 843PR Llandydoch, Glanteifon 1 847PR Llandydoch, GlanteifY OS 1 89 1 , Glan-teifon OS 1 904 This name may refer to the stream from Ty-hir (80-a) that enters the Teifi estuary here. The name is obscure, but seems to be an adaptation of the river-name Teifi. Graig -(SN 1 25-475)[y + craig] ; [�'grajg I. James] Graig 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Graig OS 1 8 1 9, Graig OS 1 834, Graig OS 1 982 Granant-isa -(SN 1 27-473) [graean ? + nant (+ isaf)] ; [granant'i·Ja I. James] Granant ysha 1 5 84 F. Green MSS vol.6 p.297, Granant 1 605 F. Green MSS vol.24 p.65 (BGCh), Granan OS 1 8 1 9, Granant OS 1 834, Gronant OS 1 89 1 , Granant-isaf OS 1 904 Granant-ucha -(SN 127-472)[graean ? + nant (+ uchaf)] ; [granant'�za I. James] Cors Granant 1 375 Bronwydd MSS, 'dominiorum' Graunt et Lefose 1 442(c. 1 603) in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 267, Grananr ygha 1 584 F. Green MSS vol.6 p.297, Granant ycha 1 584 F. Green MSS vol.6 p.297 (BGCh), (m) Granant als. Hendre 1 587 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 3 98, (m) Granant c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p.267, (m) Granant Dee Lee Phose 1 794 in 1 984 NLWJ vol.23 p. 3 54, Gronant 1 8 1 4FB (BGCh), Granant-uchaf OS 1 834, Gronant-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Granant-uchaf OS 1 904 "Is this name a reduction of garan nant or garanan (with the substitution of nant 'stream' for the suffix -an?)? . . . It could also be from graean 'gravel' and nant. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 81-82]. The syncopation of the first a seems too early for garan 'crane' as B. G. Charles seems to think. Greenfield -(SN 1 41 -485)[E. green + field]; [gri·nfild E. Williams] Greenfield OS 1 904 Gwaungarreg -(SN 1 56-454)[gwaun + y + carreg] ; [skib:>r'he:n C. M Phillips] Waungareg 1 83 8TMS, Waun-gareg OS 1 89 1 , Ysgubor-hen OS 1 904, Ysgubor-hen OS 1 982 The name of the nearby Ysgubor-hen (81-a) was transferred to this site sometime bet. 1 83 8- 1 904. Gwaunlwyden -(SN 1 26-469)[gwaun + llwyden] ;

1 206

(8 1 ) CEMAIS 'Waun-lwyden' 1 794- 1 821 in 1 933 NLWJ vol.3 3 p.3 54, Waunlydan 1 824PR Llandydoch, Waun-lwyden 1 83 8TMS A term llwyden is found meaning a 'grey hare' (lit. 'grey one'), it could apply to any other creature so coloured (cf Llety-gochen, 76-a); see sub Llety- lwydyn (77-a). Gwaunwilym -(SN 1 3 8-49 1 )[gwaun + pn. Gwilym] ; Tir Ffynnon Gwyn Gwillim 1 708 Nouadd MS S, Waun Wilym OS 1 891 Gwaunwiod -(SN 1 45-45 1 )[gwaun + E. sn. Wyatt] ; [wejn'hwij�d I. James] Wyott Land 1 537 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 03, 'lands called' Wyot 1 544 in 1 907 E.RPritchard p. 1 6, Wenewhiad, (c) Parkweneheod 1 820 Nouadd MSS, Wine Whiad 1 820 Nouadd MSS (BGCh), Tre­ newydd (sic) O S 1 834, Weinwyad 1 83 8PR Llandydoch, Waun-whiad 1 83 8TMS, Waun-hwyad OS 1 89 1 , Waunwhiod OS 1 904, Wa'w'iod, We'nw'iod, Weu'w'iod, Waunw'iod, Wyw'iod 1 990 ATD n.298-99 To my knowledge the word hwyad 'duck' is never pronounced with final -od, though this is a common enough substitution in other words. e.g. gwastad � gwastod. The E. sn. Wyatt, found as Wiot in medieval times is a French derivative in -ot, of a name of Germanic origin Wido, MnF. Guy (and derivative Guyot) (DES: 505] . Gwble -(SN 1 36-460)[gwlyb + lie] ; [guble I. James] Gwble 1 83 2PR Llandydoch, Gwble OS 1 904 The loss of the of gwlyb can be explained in this name by dissimilation, cf OW. i gulible in i hit, dir guliple, ar hit i guliple [c.l 140 LL: 1 82, 242] ; the elision of the original while not particularly regular is attested in swW. g luzi for gwlychu; cf the unlocated Llain y Gwble 1 576 (Clydai, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 86-87, 379] . Hafan -(SN 1 50-484)[hafan]; Hafan OS 1 982 Hendre -(SN 1 22-472) [hendre]; [ga/ur'hendre I. James] 'manor' Y Renreff 1 523 Hav.EEW MSS, Hendre als. Granant 1 5 84 F. Green MSS vol.6 p.297, Hendre icha, Hendre ysha 1 5 84 F. Green MSS vo1.6 p.297, 'manor' Granant als. Hendre 1 587 in 1 897 H.Owen vol.2 p. 398, Hendref 1 594 Bronwydd MSS, Hendre OS 1 8 1 9, Hendre OS 1 834, Hendre 1 83 8TMS This was the centre of a small manor of the same name dependent upon the lordship of Cemais. There was a tradition of a chapel here, which was converted some 208 years after the Dissolution of the monasteries - i. e. in the 1 740s - into a house [1907 E. Pritchard: 20-21 ] . Y r Heneglwys -(SN 1 65-458)[yr + hen + eglwys] ; [gwmva M. G. James] St. Thomas Rectory (prox. ) 1 537-3 8 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 04, Yr Hen Eglwoys c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p.268, 'rectory and church' St. Dogmal als. Llanlleere (prox.) 1 6 1 2 ( 1 955) BRA MSS (BGCh), 'rectory' StThomas als. 'rectory' St.Dogmall als. Llanlleers (prox.) 1 670 BRA ( 1 958) MSS p. 60, Yr Hen Eglwys 1 8 1 0 RFenton p.28 1 , St. Thomas the Apostle 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 99, Yr Hen Eglwys 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 21 5, Abbey Garage (sign) This was the parish church of medieval times, ded. St. Thomas the Martyr [ 1 404 ERSt-David: 320] : " . . . but the parish church in old time stood between the two mills, on a spot still known by the name of Yr Hen Eglwys and whose faint ruins may be traced. " [ 1 8 1 0 R. Fenton: 281 after c. l603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.267]; "the walles yett are to be seen" [c.1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.267]; remains found under two old cottages at Eisingrug (79-a) in 1 905 [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 360] ; V. Rees [(Abbey Garage) in 1 990 AID: 304--06] believed that "yr eglwys arall ar y bane man hyn. "; old graves found under Gwynfa (p.c. C. M. Phillips; M. G. James, through her grandfather]. The present parish church was built subsequently to the suppression of the abbey, see sub Llandydoch (81-a, sub the church); see Capeldogwael (81-a), Llandydoch (81-a). The rectory was probably adjacent. Note that Llanlleere 1 61 2, Llanlleers 1 670 are probably garbled forms of Llandre, see sub Llandydoch (81 -a, d). LLANDYDOCH -(SN 1 64-458)[llan + pn. Tydoch]; [land � z M. G. James, I. James, C. M Phillips, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. 1 8 1 , a'rabi M G. James] (mon) 'Cameis' 1 1 1 6--20 CalDF p. 353 (BGCh), (mon) 'St Mary, Cameis' 1 1 20 CalDF p. 353 (BGCh), ( ec) Ste Marie de Camoys 1 2thcent. in 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs. p. 359, (mon) 'St. Mary at St. Dogmaels' + (ec) 'St. Dogmaels' 1 1 1 5-2 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p.242, (ec) St. Mary of Cathmeis' 1 1 32 CalDF p.356 (BGCh), (mon) Sancti Dogmaelis + (ec) Landodog 1 1 1 5--47 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 pp. 362--63, Abbas Sancte Marie de Carneys > 1 1 97( 1424) CalPR p. 528, o Yangor hyd vangeibyr Dydoch fl 1 1 50-1 200(c. 1 400) Cynddel in Hendreg. p. 1 3 6, 'coenobium' Sancti Dogmaelis c. 1 1 9 1 Gir.IK p. 1 1 2, Sancto Domuelo 1 223 CalPR p.4 1 3 , 'abbatem' Sancti Dogmaellis c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B) p.64, Llan Dethoch 1207

(8 1 ) CEMAIS s.a. 988(c. 1 286) Ann.Camb.(B) p. 2 1 , Llandedoc c. 1 286 Ann Camb.(B) p.29, Landioch c. 1 288 Ann.Camb.(C) p.2 1 , (ec) Landedoch, 'i.e.' Sancto Dogmaelo s.a. 1 1 3 8(c. 1 288) Ann. Camb. (C) p.41, Sco Doniewele, Sto Doniewele 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p.276, Sco Dogmaelo 1291 Tax.Eccl. p.277, Landodog 1 3 3 1 ( 1 6thcent.) in 1 897 H. Owen vol 2 p. 363, (ec) Sancti Dogmaelis 1 332 Monasticon (1 849) vol.4 p. 1 30 (BGCh), 'abbas' Sancto Dogmaele 1 345 BK p.72 (BGCh), Llandydoch s.a. 988(1 300%) BT(Pen.20) p.25, (mon) Scti Dogmael' 1 399 ERSt-David p. 1 28, Llann Wdach 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p. 32, (mon) Sancti Dogmaelis in Kemmeys 1 402 ERSt-David p.246, (ec) Sancti Thome Martiris de Sancto Dogmaele 1 404 ERSt-David p.320, 'the Benedictine monastery of St Mary the Virgin and St Dogmael in Kemmys' 1 448 PapReg vol. 9 p.454 (BGCh), Llantudoch 1 472 F. Green MSS vol. I O p. 1 26, Llandydoch c. 1 475 BS p.46, (mon) Beate Marie scilicet Dogmaelis in Kemmeys 1 486 ER-St-David p.462, St. Dogmaels 1 499 Bronwydd MSS, Llan Dydoch c. 1 530 Llanstephan MS 6 p. 1 86, (ec) Sancti Thome de Ap'li' Sancto Dogmaele 1 53 5 VE p.399, (t) St. Dogmaels als. Le Landere' 1 536 in 1 927 Cymmrodor vol.27 p.25, The Llandre of Bishop Thomas a Becket 1 53 8-39 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 1 5, Sainct Dogmaellis Paryshe 1 539 CalPR Pembs. vol. 3 p. 72 (BGCh), Sent Dogmells 1 543 F.Green MSS vol.7 p. l 3 6 {v. l. BGCh: Seint Dogmells} , St. Dogmaels als. Llandudock 1 544 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 1 5, (m) Sancti Dogmaelis als. The Laundre 1 544 Monasticon ( 1 849) vol 4 p. 1 30, (m) St. Dogmaels als. The Llandre 1 544 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 1 5, Llandr 1 509-47 Min.Acct. (BGCh), St. Domellis 1 548 Kyle MSS, Seynt Dogmaelles 1 55 1 GS in 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 78, Ll. Dydoch c. 1 566, St. Dogmells 1 572 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Saint Dogmels 1 574 chalice cup in 1 904 NLW MS 1 3656-B p. 1 3, St. Dogmaels 1 576 Kyle MSS, S1. Dogmaells 1 594 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p.300, Llandedowgh, Llandidough 1 500% Bronwydd MSS, {v. l. BGCh: Llandedough} , S.1 Dogmaells 1 600 Prob. St-David, Llan Dudoch c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.60, Llandudock neu Dy Dechon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 83, Llandudoch c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p.246, Llandydoch c. 1 600 Egerton MS 2,586 p.76, o Landydoch c. 1 600 Egerton MS 2,586 p. 73 , Llandydoch c. l 600 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 44, Saint Dogmells 1 603 G. Owen vol. l p. 1 02, S1 Dogmells c. 1 603 G.Owen vol.2 p.287, St Dogmells 1 6 1 1 Ffynnone MSS p. 5 1 , (ec) St. Dogmal als. Llanlleere 1612 BRA (1 955) MSS (BGCh), (ec) St Thomas 'within vill' St. Dogmel als. Llanlleere 1 6 12 Slebech MSS (BGCh), St. Dogmells 1 6 1 3 Bronwydd MSS, St. Dogwells 1 63 9 F. Green MSS vol.6 p. 1 1 5, Sainct Dogmells 1 650 Hav.EEW MSS, St. Dogmells 1 665 Bronwydd MSS, St. Dogmael als. Llanll[eer]e 1 670 BRA ( 1 958) MSS p. 59, St. Dogmells, St. Dogmell 1 691 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p.202, (c) St Dogmells Lane (prox. ), St Dogmalls 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. 1 3 5, Thomae Sancti Dogmellis 1 72 1 E. Saunders p. 1 3 1 , St Dogmells 1 738PR Llandydoch, Llanddygwel c. 1 757 L.Morris p. 1 39, Llan Dudoch c. 1 757 L.Morris p.26 1 , Saint Dogmells 1 762PR Llandydoch, St. Dogmells 1 766 PD, St. Dogmaels 1 767 Bronwydd MSS, S.1 Dogmals 1 776map M.Mackenzie, St. Dogmels 1 796 MRichardson MS 201 , Llandydock 1 81 0 R.Fenton p.273, Abbey of S. t Dogmells 1 8 1 4PR Llandydoch, Abby 1 8 1 8PR Llandydoch, Abbey 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, S1. Dogmels OS 1 8 1 9, St. Dogmael's (St. Dogfael) 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p.3 1 0, S.1 Dogmels als. Llan-dudoch OS 1 834, Saint Dogmel's 1 840 Plas Llangoedmor MS S, Abbad-dy S1 Dogmael's 1 841 NLW MS 926-C p. 1 73, Monachlog Llandudoch 1 86 1 Brython p. 1 68, St. Dogmells (Llandudoch) OS 1 891 , Llandudoch (Llandysul dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 246, Llan Dydoch 1 908 J.Rhys p . 56, o Llandoch (dialect) >1 923 in 1 977 I.Rees p.22, Llandudoc 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs. p.361 , Ch, Rems of St Dogmaels Abbey (Order of Tiron) OS 1 982, Llandoch, Llan'doch 1 983 San Oct., Lland'och 1 990 ATD n.294, i'r Eglw's 1 990 ATD n.294 We need to take account of the two personal-names in the English and Welsh versions in order to try to explain this place-name, for the fossilised Dogmael (MnW. Dogfael) and Tydoch have been equated as different forms of the patron saint's name. Certainly Dogfael was the saint that was culted in the locality when the Normans appeared on the scene in the twelfth century. As for Tydoch, it is as B. G. Charles notes [ 1992: 179] "Nothing is known of a saint called Tydoch after whom the llan was named. " (though Dogfael's feast was on June 1 3 [c. 1 757 L. Morris: 1 39] . The personal-name Tydoch. First of all one needs to dispel any notion that the well-attested element tud is involved in the pn. Tydoch, this is simply done by referring to the earliest documented forms of the Welsh name collected above, neither the form Landodog attested twice ( 1 1 1 5--47, 1 33 1 ), nor the garbled Llann Wdach ( 1 300Yz) conceal the fact that the earliest forms of the place-name never has (which throughout this period was a very distinct sound [y ]). The majority of forms are with or , sometimes . The form with is frrst attested securely in 1 472, and begins dominating by the seventeenth century, and is given a 'final 1 208

(8 1 ) CEMAIS stamp of authority' by its adoption on the OS maps (the form Llandudoch s.a.988(1 300¥4) BT(Pen.20) given by B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 78] is a mistake, the only such form found in BT(Pen.20) is in the translation by T. Jones [ 1 952: 1 0] ) . The reason for the occurrence of Tudoch in the early Modern period lies, I believe, with an equation of the first part of the name with the well-attested pn. element tud as found in the popular pn. Tudyr, and the saint's name Tudwal, it must be remembered that by the late sixteenth century the realisations of and had merged in southern Welsh and were indistinguishable from each other. I believe the name in Llandydoch is composed of the religious hypocoristic preftx ty-. The preftx ty- is no more than a fossilised form of the present-day dy 'thy', which is unstressed in speech. In personal-names the prefix ty- can betray itself by eschewing the stress accent, as evidenced in the pronunciation of the place-names Llandygili land;l'gaj (Caerns.), and Llandyfaen land;l'va:n (Carms.). However, in some cases ty- is found with the stress accent, e.g. Llandysul ian'd1sd (14-a). One is tempted to suppose that the realisation land:lX, - frrst attested > 1 923 (see above) - shows an unstressed ty- dispensed with altogether (cf Llandylwy (E. L/andelay, Pembs.), Llandysulio Gogo, 18-a), however we would expect [*-do:z] rather than [ -d:lz] from an original *land;l'do:x,. The [ -d:lz] realisation shows that this syllable was at one time unstressed, so that we have to explain the form land:lz as due to a haplology of *tim'd;ld:lz (cf. Panteryrod (22-a) � *Pant'ryrod � pant'r:ld). J. Rhys [ 1 901 : 1 .1 63; 1 908: 56] tried to make Tydoch a pet name of Dogfael, -doch rather than *-dog being due to Irish influence, which he hypothetically constructed as OI. *Do-tocc- (which was a favoured explanation by him for a number of obscure Welsh names [ 1 901 J. Rhys: 2.541 ]) . M. Richards ( 1 967-70: 90] added: "Yn enw Llandudoch Ceredigion, gwelwn wahanol haenau'r hen boblogaeth gymysg o Wyddyl a Chymry, yn y Dde-orllewin . . . Gwyddys bod yr hen Gyrnry yn chwarae ag elfennau eu henwau personoL a thybiaf mai cymryd ffurfWyddeleg ar dog a wnaed, sef doch, ac ychwanegu'r rhagddodiad parch, ty- ac mai dyna sydd yn Llandudoch. " We do in fact fmd an alternation between Dogwyn and Dochau as names for the same Glamorganshire (see below), but this is a rare example of hypocoristic gemination of consonants that is purely Brittonic (and is well-attested in Gaulish [ 1 967 D. E. Evans: 296; 1 972b D. E. Evans: 1 83 ] ) . But an equation between Tydoch and Dogfael falls at the first hurdle because of the difference between the initial consonant required, *tach in Tydoch, *dog in Dogfael, so that we would expect *Llandyddoch and not Llandydoch [ 1 935 A w. Wade-Evans: 1 29] (though note the one form, Dethoch s.a. 98 8). A tantalising parallel name seems to be that of an unlocated hamlet named Landidogh in 1 3 06 in the lordship of Chepstow (Mons.) (J. A Bradney [ 1 929: 7 ] tentatively equated it with Llandevenny, though the names can have no regular connection). Was there was an element that gave *tach (unattested) or maybe tawch ('mist, haze') in Brittonic personal­ names? An a:ffrrmative answer seems to be given by the tn. Camdochan (SH 84-30, Llanuwchllyn, Mers.), and the hydronym Tochen (Brees.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 25 ] . But Castelltoch (SN 25- 1 1 , Llanddowror, Carms.) is rather too near the anglicised parts of south-western Carmarthenshire for us to assume it to be purely Welsh. The same can be said for Llandawke (SN 28- 1 1 , Carms.), some 3km E of it, whose name might be of the same origin. The interference of English phonetic development is certainly in evidence in the case of present-day Toch (SN 05-14, Slebech), which was possibly a hydronym in origin, and which has evolved through Thelath ' (recte Thelach ') 1 326, Thelch 1 372, Tal.ffe 1 532, Tallche 1 587, Taugh 1 705, Toch 1 760 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 444] . B. G. Charles advances W. talch 'fragment, grist' as an explanation for this name, but perhaps the archaic, obsolete, and obscure element telych should also be considered; cf hn. Telych (SN 78-32, Llandovery, Canns.). The apparently similar Llandochau Pontfaen and Llandochau-fach (E. Llandough, Glams.) - which a priori look promising - were named after OW.pn. Dochou [ c. l l 00(1 200) Uita Cadoci: 68] , a hypocoristic form (with gemination and suffiX) of Dogwyn. The explanation of the form Llandochau (rather than the expected *Llanddochau) is that [d] was delenited when immediately following [n] (cf southern W. k;ln'dejr:lg and k;lndrog for lit. W. cynddeiriog and cynddrwg). Other examples of this delenition in Welsh place-names seem to be Llandingad, Llandyfri (Carms.) and Llandwyn (Angl.). Saint Dochau's name is found in in the Cornwall parish of Saint Kew, the churchtown's name being Lanow, Lannnohoo 1 086, Lanhoghou 1 284, and even earlier 'monasterium quod Docco vocatur' c.800( 1 000Y4) Uita Sancti Samsonis [ 1 992 A Preston-Jones: 1 08] . The name is also apparently found in the Breton parish name Botoha (Cotes-d'Armor) - explained by B. Tanguy [ 1 992: 303 ] as composed with B. bod 'residence' - Saint-Doha (Merdrignac, Cotes-d'Armor), and Landoac ( 1 2thcent.), Landoal ( 1 5 74), the old name of Saint-Jacut-de-la­ Mer (Cotes-d'Armor). This saint's name is equated by B. Tanguy [ 1 992: 291 ] with W. Dochau, and he points out the coincidence that Saint James (F. Jacut, L. Jacobus) who was culted at Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer, also became the patron saint of Saint Kew after a new church was built there in the fifteenth century. 1 209

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Due to the scarcity of homonyms for Tydoch, B. G. Charles [1 992: 1 79], clutches at straws in fmding a parallel name: "Nor is there a parallel to such a pers. n. unless Tydecho, whose church was at Llanymawddwy (Mer), can be considered to be one. " He was not the ftrst person to equate these two saints as we can see from L.Dwnn's Llandudock neu Dy Dechon c. 1 600, and more obliquely in the fifteenth century cywydd mentioning the stay of three saints Tydecho, Dogfael and Tegfan at Llandydoch [sillllillary of 'Cywydd Tydecho Sant' in 1 9 1 3 LBS: 4.283]. The equation of tech 'fleeing' with * toch, though feasible, needs an appeal to Indo-European vowel grading, and is a rather far-fetched explanation when a superficial similarity of both names suffices. The personal-name Dog{ael. The name Dogfael, OW. Docmail (cf fossilised as Dogmael in Latin and English versions of the name) is a simpler matter. The elements that go to make the name, though archaic, are well-attested in other personal-names, e.g. Doged, Dogwyn, Euddogwy, and Cadfael, Cyrifael, Elfael. The term mae! meant 'prince', whilst dog is somewhat more obscure, E. Pritchard (1 907: 1 5] derived it from L. doctus 'learned'; M. Richards [ 1 967-70: 90] believed it meant: " 'cymryd, cipio' (ffurf ami yw dogn)." In spoken Welsh the name is found almost without exception as Dogwael, as attested by Saint Dogwells (W. Llantydewi) [1 992 PN Pembs: 323-24]; Cwmdogwael (81-b), Capeldogwael (81 -a); Llanddogwael-hir and Llanddogwael-groes (Llanfechell, Angl.). The reduction of the final to is wholly regular in modern Welsh, and the pre-cluster dulling of is evidenced in the pronunciations Llanddygwal Hir and Llanddygwal Groes in Anglesey [ 1 908 E. R. Jones: 59] (cf nW. dydwy, nydwydd for dodwi, nodwydd), and the forms degwel in Llandydoch parish, attested as Degwell as early as c. l 603 [ 1 948 NLWJ: .5.277]. The saint is noted in B.tns. Saint Dogmael (Pommerit-Jaudy, Cotes-d'Annor) [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 239], Saint Dogmel (Rospez, Cotes-d'Annor), and the chapel of Saint Dogmael (Liskeard, Cornwall) [ 1 908 J. Loth: 276]. In Pembrokeshire as well as being commemmorated in Saint Dogwells and Llandydoch, he was the patron saint of Meline [c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.277]. He is said to be Dogfael son of Ithael son of Ceredig [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 4] . He is probably different from the Dogfael son of Cunedda who gave his name to the cantref of Dogfeiling. Two original churches? The way Llandydoch - seemingly - came to be associated with different saints is perplexing. There seems no doubt that Dogfael became associated with Llandydoch sometime later than the eponym Tydoch itself (though this could feasibly be anywhere between the generation following, to some 500 years after Tydoch's death). The eclipse of Tydoch by Dogfael has led to speculation as to whether the original monastery of Dogfael was not located somewhere else and removed at sometime to the present site of Llandydoch. This speculation has focussed on two sites within the parish: 1 ) Caerau (81 -a); 2) Mynachlog (81-nnloc.) The RCA(H)M Pembs. [ 1 925: 360-61 ] also noted the discrepancy of the names and viewed the site of Caerau as the original church of Tydoch, and Llandydoch as the original church of Dogfael, with the name Llandydoch having been transferred to the present site from Caerau at a subsequent date to the original foundations of both religious sites (in following the arguments of the RCA(H)M the reader should be aware that I am of the opinion that it confused the locations of the divisions of the parish known as Plwyf-bach and Plwyf-mawr, these were, respectively, the eastern and the western parts of the parish, and not vice-versa as with RCA(H)M). E. Pritchard [ 1 907: 1 3] had ventured that the present site of the abbey was established with the arrival of the Anglo-French, having been removed from Caerau, and W. J. Lewis ( 1 990: 1 1 ] emphasising the wording of a foundation charter of the Anglo-French abbey describing its site as "near the ancient cell of St. Dogmael", also equates the previous site as having been at Caerau. B. G. Charles [ 1 992 : 179], also on the basis of the early charter of Robert fttz Martin ( 1 1 1 5-47), posited two different sites, but adjoining each other: "Llandudoch was an ancient foundation, plundered by the Vikings in 988, and it seems that the church dedicated to St. Dogmael was a later one founded on or near the old site. " The positing of adjoining churches (which is certainly one interpretation of the wording of the charter) is strengthened by the fact that there was a site called Yr Heneglwys (81-a), near the abbey of Llandydoch, though this seems to have been the medieval parochial church, and need not be an older site than the abbey. Another interpretation expressed by A W. Wade-Evans [ 1 935: 129) - and which I tend to suscribe to - is that there had only ever been one religious site prior to the twelfth century: "In Robert Fitz Martin's charter [i.e. 1 1 1 5--47] . . , the donor states that he gives antiquam ecclesiam Sancti Dogmaelis cum possessione terrae eidem ecclesie adjacente, cujus nomen est Landodog, i. e. he gives the ancient church of St. Dogfael with possession of the land adjoining the same church, the name of which is Landodog. The church is St. Dogfael's; the land is Landodog. That this is what he means appears too in what follows. He gives totam terram in confinio ejusdem praedicte ecclesiae et loci sitam, i.e. he gives the whole land in -

.

1 2 10

-

(8 1 ) CEMAIS the confme of the same aforesaid church (St. Dogfael's) and place (Landodog). Clearly, St. Dogfael's church is in Landodog. " . This, according to Wade-Evans, was a classic example of the problem of dual­ dedications that had plagued research upon the Celtic Church: "Hence there is no call to look for the

llan

away from the neighbourhood of the church, or to postulate two llans as in Anc.MonPem. , pp. 3 59-60. St. Dogfael's Church was Landodog, as St. Cadog's Church was in Llanllowri [i. e. Cadoxton-juxta-Neath (Glams.)], or St. Carannog's Church in Langorrow [ i. e. Crantock

Lanwethenek (E. (Corn.) was dedicated to Saint Mylar.

Padel ( 1 985 : 1 42] shows

Padstow,

Com.) was

(Com.)] . "

dedicated to

[ 1 93 5 A W. Wade-Evans: 1 29] ; 0. J. Saint Petrock, and Linkinhome

The abbey. There can hardly be any doubt that Llandydoch was an ancient religious foundation, this is indicated both by the early stone inscription

Pembs: 3 58],

Sagrani fili Cunotami, Ogam Sagragni maqu Cunatami

( 1 925

RCA(H)M

and by the Norse raid of 988, which shows us it must have been a church of some importance,

no doubt with a monastic arrangement. The fact that dedications are found to

Dogfael at Saint Dogwells

and Meline suggests a church with far-flung possessions (at least within Dyfed) (for "In Norman times the abbey was rededicated to Saint Mary). It would seem that rather than setting up a monastery from scratch, the Normans appropriated the monastery of Llandydoch. The Norman monastery is supposed to

Tiron als. Thiron (Eure-et-Loire, France) by Robert Fitz Martin. In 1 1 20 it became an abbey, though it kept an association with Thiron [ 1 9 1 2 J. E. Lloyd: 43 1 ; 1 962 c. A R Radford : 3 ] . In 1 53 7 the abbey and its lands were sold to John Bradshaw of Presteigne (Rads.) [ 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 1 1 ]; cf Abi (e). have been built c. 1 1 1 3-1 5 as a dependent priory of the reformed Benedictine abbey of

The church.

Yr Heneglwys (81 -a) - so called, and in ruins in 1 600 - has all the appearance of being the medieval parish c. A R Radford: 6 ] . C. A R Radford [ 1 962: 6] believes that the abbey church was used as the parish church after it was suppressed in 1 53 6 ( 1 962 c. A R Radford: 6] , but the present structure seems to have been built by at least 1 700 [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 360] ; " The present parish church is

church of Llandydoch ( 1 962

of mean appearance but very long and evidently raised from the ruins of the Abbey, as the windows of the chancel, though now without glass, exhibit remains of workmanship that could never have been meant to furnish such an edifice. " [ 1 8 1 0

R Fenton:

281 ] ; reb. 1 847 [ 1 904

NLW MS

1 3656-B: fac. p. I 3 ; 1 925

RCA(H)M Pembs:

360].

The town. The kernel of lay settlement at Llandydoch may have grown around the parish church

Yr Heneglwys (81-a), Llandre 'the church settlement' as translates Llandre as, "Literally 'the

and naturally came to be called for some time in the sixteenth-century opposed to Llandydoch, the monastery (B.

G.

Charles [ 1 992: 1 82]

church farm', . . . but more specifically 'the demesne or home farm' belonging to the abbey of St. Dogmaels . . . " ) . As the parish church was dedicated to Saint Thomas, we naturally get the form The Llandre of Bishop Thomas a Becket in 1 53 8-39. However Llandre is also given in 1 53 6 as an alias of the vill of Llandydoch, and manerium of Llandydoch in 1 544. Both the term vill and manerium can have the meaning of 'town' and 'manor house' respectively, but we are probably safe in assuming that both have an administrative meaning in the particular contexts noted. To be more precise it seems likely that the term

vill is to be equated with the borough of Llandydoch (attested in the sixteenth century) . The assertion of

G. Charles ( 1 992: 1 82] - that Llandre became known is, I believe, - in the light of the complexity of the subdivisions of Llandydoch parish - somewhat incomplete and rather simplistic. The equation between the earlier vill or manerium of Llandre, and the later township of Abi is never explicitly stated in the sources. I would phrase the coequation more carefully by saying that the borough of Llandydoch most certainly included all of the hamlet called Abi in the nineteenth century; see Llandre (74-a). Loj Cipyn -(SN 1 46-480)[loj + tn. Cipyn (e)] ; (bd3'k1pm, pn bl1J;.)'l;,d3 I. JamesL the RCA(H)M Pembs. [ 1 925: 356] - followed by B. later as Abi township

Bryntirion Lodge OS 1 982

Bryntirion (81-a), (e).

This is a lodge to division of Cipyn

and the Welsh name reflects the fact that it is the only lodge in the

1 5 1 -483)[ ? + -rna] ;

Lynfa -(SN

Lynfa OS 1 982

Maeshyfryd

-(SN 1 63-46 1 )[maes

+ hyfryd] ;

Maeshyfryd OS 1 982

Melin Llandydoch

-(SN 1 65-459) [melin

+ tn

Llandydoch (81 -a)];

12 1 1

(8 1 ) CEMAIS St Dogmells Mil1 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. 1 3 5, S. 1 Dogmells Mil1 1823PR Llandydoch, Mill Street 1 825PR Llandydoch, Y Felin 1 983 San May, Y Felin 1 990 W.J.Lewis p.71 , St. Dogmaels Mill 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 89, Y Felin (sign) Though there had been two mills in Llandydoch [c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.267; 1603 G. Owen: 2.508]; there remained only one in 1 536 [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 360; 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 99] . The old mill stood opposite Cardigan Bay (79-a) [ 1 907 E. Pritchard: 200] ; two bungalows on site of the old mill [ 1 990 AID: 304--06] . The Moorings -(SN 1 62-467)[E. the + moorings] ; The Moorings OS 1 982 A housing estate. Mynachlog -(SN 1 4-47) [mynachlog] ; Maenachlog 1 84 1 cens. , Monachlog 1 864 H.J.Vincent p.30 1 , Mynachlog 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs. p.362 The site of this little house is unclear, but it was a cottage on Pant-tirion land (81 -a) [ 1 864 H. J. Vincent: 304] , and near TrecWn (81-a), and its location was given as lat. 52°5'54" long. 4°42'3 5" by RCA(H)M Pembs. [ 1 925: 362], which would situate it in the valley below Bryndeifo (81 -a). H. J. Vincent [ 1 864: 301 ] commented that the historian R Fenton [ 1 810: 282] had mistaken the true site ofMynachlog: ". . . mistakes Monachlog, on the banks of the Tivy, for Caerau. " - however, it does seem that there existed c. 1 600 an independent site called Yr Henfynachlog (see sub Caerau, 81-a). E. Pritchard [ 1 907: 1 2] suspected that the old site of Llandydoch monastery was about 1 m w of the present monastery, which seems to point to this site rather than that of Caerau, which lies some 4km w of Llandydoch (see sub Yr Hen.fynachlog, above). Though archaeological investigation would be helpful to decide what these sites represented, I believe, as did A. W. Wade-Evans [ 1 935: 1 30] that names in mynachlog " . . . need signify no more than that they were monastic barns or out-farms . . . " ; cf Mynachlog (1 8-a). Note the old inscribed stone which acted as a gate­ post to Pant-tirion [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: fig.305 (iii)fac. p.358, p.360], which could be related to the religious site at Mynachlog; cf (c) Llain yr Arglwydd (prox. Mynachlog) ( 1 864 H. J. Vincent: 304]. Myneian-fach -(SN 1 5 1 -48 1 ) [ ? (+ bach)] ; [man,ejan'va:z C. M. Phillips] Mynian vach 1 648 Nouadd MSS, Menian vach 1 652 Nouadd MSS, Menyan vach {v. l. BGCh} 1 652 Nouadd MSS, Menian vach 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. l 35, Manian fach 1 720 Gr. Owen MSS (BGCh), Manian-fach 1 838TMS, Manian-fach OS1 982 Cf Myneian:fawr (80-a) Y Nepwl -(SN 1 63-461 )[y + E. net + pool] ; [nepul, netpul, officially tejvi'm M. G. James] (c) Netpool Bank 1 804 Nouadd MSS vol.2 p.286, Pwllyrhwyd 1 827PR Llandydoch, Pwllyrhwyd 1 83 4PR Llandydoch, (c) Netpoo l Bank 1 838TMS, Nepool 1 84 1 cens. , Y Netpool 1 893 in 1 983 San May, Tafa'n NetpwL (c) Feidir y Ne'pwl 1 990 ATD n.302-03, cadw'r Ne'pwL Ne'pwl Inn 'chi'n gwybod' 1 990 AID n.294, Mon Teifi 1 99 1 M. ap Dafydd p.27, The Netpwl als. The Teifi 1 99 1 M. ap Dafydd p. 74, The Teify Netpool Inn (sign) This was named after the nearby pool in the river called (c) Pwllrhwyd (SN 1 64-462), put'hrujd [inf. I. Mathias], Avll-y-rhwyd [c. 1 970map I. Mathias]; ym Mhwll y Rhwydau [1 983 San Oct]; ar Bare Pwll y Rhwydau [ 1 984 San Feb. ] . The pool was named after the area on the river bank where nets were set to dry, see photograph of standards - posts to hang nets, near car-park [ 1 984 San Feb.] ; nets were dried on the river bank [1 804 Nouadd MSS: 2.286] ; decisions to allocate fishing rights amongst the fishermen of Llandydoch were made here [1 991 M. ap DafYdd: 74]. It is to be distinguished from Nepwl-fach a landing place adjacent to Pinog ( 8 1 -b), nepul'va:z [inf M. G. James], Netpwl fach [ 1 990 AID: 302--03], 'y cei yn' Ne 'pwl fach [ 1 992 Clebran: 1 98]; cf Nepwl (1 -a). Y Nyth -(SN 1 57-484)[y + nyth]; Y Nydd OS 1 982 Pant-y-galchfa -(SN 1 38-46 l )[pant + y + calchfa]; [panta'galzva I. James] Nantygalchfa 1 6 1 0 in 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 1 87, Pant y Galchua 1 740 Colby MS 26, Pant y Galchva 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Pantygalchfa 1 83 5PR Llandydoch, Pantygulchfa 1 869PR Llandydoch, Pant-y-galchfa 08 1 89 1 , Pantygalchfa OS 1 982 The 1 6 1 0 form, is given as unlocated by B. G. Charles, but it seems to be too much of a coincidence for such an uncommon element as calchfa, to lie in the adjoining parish of Trewyddel. The earlier form with nant 'stream' makes better sense with calchfa 'bird-excrement', if the name was intended to refer to a soiled stream, a medical injunction from c. 1 400 mentions calchfa : "Dot galchua paun a gwreid redyn ac ef a uyd iach. " [GPC s.v. paun]. B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 87] is wrong in tentatively suggesting " . . . here perhaps a 1212

(8 1 ) CEMAIS limestone pit. " , as there is no limestone in this area. It is also unlikely to allude to whitewashed cottages [inf. I. James] . Pant-y-groes -(SN 1 32-46 1) [pant + y + croes]; [pant�'gwre:s, pant�'gr:ljs I . James] (c) Bwlch Pant y Groes 'is a comparatively modem name, . . . before having been called' let Llain Rowland 1 864 H.J.Vincent p.305, Pant-y-groes OS 1 89 1 , Pantygroes OS 1 982 Not to be confused with another place of the same name in the nearby parish of Bayvil (Pembs.), e.g. Pantegroes [ 1508 Bronwydd MSS] . Pant-tirion -(SN 1 3-46)[pant + y + tirion]; [pant'rbn E. Williams, pant'rrj:ln I. James] Blaenpanyyryon 1 583 F.Green MSS vol.6 p.296, Panthirrion 1 644 F.Green MSS vol. 8 p. 92, Pantyrion 1 799 F. Green MSS vol.23 p.40 1 , Pantytirion OS 1 8 1 9, Pant-irion O S 1 834, Pant Ty'r Ion 1 868 B. Williams p.269, Pant-tirion OS 1 89 1 , Pantirio 1 924 Beckingsale MSS p.243, Pantirion O S 1982, Pantyrion, Pantirion 1 990 ATD n. 3 0 1 C f Tirion (81-a). Pant-tirion-fach -(SN 141-475)[pant + y + tirion (+ bach)]; [pant,Irj:ln'va:z E. Williams] Pant-tirion-fach OS 1 834, Pant-tirion-bach OS1 891 Parcgors -(SN 1 53-46 l ) [parc + y + cors]; Parkgors 1 841 cens. , Parc-y-gors OS 1 904 Parc-newydd -(SN 1 56-452)[parc + newydd] ; Parc-newydd O S 1 904 Penallt-y-dre -(SN 1 60-46 1 )[pen + alit + y + tref]; Pen Rallt 1 537 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 0 1 , Penralte 1 537 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 03, Penrallt 1 544 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. l l 6, Tithin Penn yr Alt 1 500% Bronwydd MSS {v.l. BGCh} , Tythin Penn yr Alt}, Penrallt 1 8 1 4 FB (BGCh), Penyrallt OS 1 8 1 9, Pen'r-allt OS1 834, Pen'rallt y Dre 1 88 1 PR Llandydoch, Penrhallt 1 894 in 1 983 San May, yn Be'rallt y Dre 1 990 ATD n. 309-10 Penalltesgob -(SN 1 2 1 -448)[pen + yr + alit + ? ] ; [i: beralt'esk:lb, penral'esk:lb, p�nrai'resk:lb I. James] Pen-yrallt Asgog 1 697 Maesgwyn MSS (BGCh), Penyrallt Ascog 1 763 F. Green MSS vol. 8 p. 88 (BGCh), Penyralt Ascog 1 763 F. Green MSS vol. 8 p.92, Penrallt Asgog 1 791LT (BGCh), Penyrallt Assgog 1 799 F. Green MSS vol.23 p.40 1 , Penrallt Escob 1 8 1 6PR Llandydoch (BGCh), Penallt Esgob 1 864 H.J.Vincent p. 305, Pen-allt-yr-esgob OS1 891 , Penrallt yr Esgob 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs. p. 357 As esgob 'bishop' is a late substitution for an original - and obscure - asgog, the connecting of this place­ name [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 360] to the fact that the bishop and chapter of St Davids had the tithes of this part of Llandydoch parish is mistaken, cf wajn'esk�b for Waunhesgog (76-a). If we assume the loss of an initial [ v- ], we can identify asgog with the adjective masgog 'like a net, reticulated', though its application to a topographic feature is difficult to understand; cf(c) Waun Vascog (Llanfullteg) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 41 3 ] . Penrallt-fach -(SN 1 43-479)[pen + yr + alit (+ bach)] ; [penrait'va:x E. Williams, rait'va:x I. James] Tre-cwn-isaf (sic) OS1 89 1 Penalltgeibwr -(SN 1 1 6-453)[pen + allt + hn. Ceibwr]; [pen'rait, ma· brai'kejbur, braH'kejbur I . James] Penyrallt 1 391 Bronwydd MSS, Penallt Kibyr 1 63 5 F. Green MSS vol. 9 p. 75 (BGCh), Penralt Kybyr 1 637 Bronwydd MSS, Penallt Kibwr 1 740 F. Green MSS vol.23 p.400 {v. l. BGCh: Penrallt Kibwr} , Penalt Kybur 1 763 F.Green MSS vol. 8 p. 92, Penallt Kybur 1 763 F. Green MSS vol. 8 p.88, Penallt Kybur 1 785 F. Green MSS vol.23 p.40 1 , Penrallt Caibor 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Penyrallt Kibur, Penrallt Kybwr 1 799 F.Green MSS vol.23 p.401 , Penrallt Kibor 1 8 14FB (BGCh), Penralltcybwr OS 1 8 1 9, Penallt Geibwr 1 822PR Llandydoch, Pen-rallt-Ceibwr OS1 834, Penallt Ceibwr, Penalltceibur 1 83 8TMS, Penrallt Ceibwr 1 85 9PR Llandydoch, Penallt Ceibwr 1 864 H.J.Vincent p.299, Pen-yr-allt-ceibwr OS 1 891 , Penrallt Ceibwr OS 1 982 Pen-y-banc -(SN 1 24-477)[pen + y + bane]; Penybank 1 740 Nouadd MSS, Pen-y-banc OS1 891 Pencastell - ( SN 1 1 0-459)[pen + y + castell]; [pen 'kastcl, pe'kastcl I. James, peiJ'kastcl E. Williams, I. James] Pen-castell 1 841 cens. , Pencastell Ceibwr 1 853PR Llandydoch, Pen-castell OS 1 89 1 Pencnwc -(SN 1 57-453)[pen + y + cnwc]; [pen'knuk C . M Phillips] Penknucke 1 665 Bronwydd MS S, Tir Pen y Knwck 1 720 Ffynnone MSS p. 1 35, Tir Pen y Cnuck 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Pen y Knook 1 791LT (BGCh), Penycnwc 1 8 1 9 Nouadd MSS, (f pn. ) Ester Bengnwk 1 844 WFM MS 1 746 Pencwmdogwael -(SN 1 59-452)[pen + cwm + pn. Dogfael]; 1213

(8 1 ) CEMAIS (c) Park Pencwm 1 8 1 9 Nouadd MSS, Penycwm, Cwmdegwell 1 83 8TMS, Pen y Cwm 1 847PR Llandydoch, Pencwmdegwill 1 853 Poor Rate, Pen-cwm OS 1 982 Pen-y-fron -(SN 144-49 1 )[pen + y + bron] ; [brm�'wel::m E. Williams] Pen-y-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tivyside OS1 904, Brynawelon OS 1 982 Pengam-fach -(SN 1 3 5-487) [pen + y + cam (+ bach)] ; [peiJ,garn'va:x, E. Williams] Pengarn fach 1 838TMS, Pen-garn-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pengarn-fach O S 1 982 Pengam-fawr -(SN 1 3 6-486)[pen + y + earn (+ mawr)] ; [peiJ,garn'vowr E. Williams ] Pen y Game 1 6 1 9 W (BGCh), Pen y Gam 1 6 1 9/20 F. Green MSS vol24 p.232, Pen-y-gam-fawr OS 1 834, Pengam fawr 1 838TMS, Pen-gam-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Pengam-fawr OS 1 982 Pengraig( i) -(SN 1 14-463)(Trerys)[pen + y + craig] ; [peg'grajg I. James] Pen y Graig ? 1 623 F. Green MSS vol.24 p.263 (BGCh), Pen-y-graig O S 1 834, Pen y Graig ? 1 83 8TMS, Pengraig near Ceu-bwr 1 842PR Llandydoch, Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 Pen-y-graig(ii) -(SN 1 24-493)(Gernos)[pen + y + craig]; Pen-y-graig OS 1 834 Pen-y-graig-isa -(SN 124-478)(Gernos)[pen + y + craig] ; Pen-y-graig OS 1 834, Pen-y-graig-isaf OS 1 89 1 Pen-y-graig-gwin -(SN 1 1 2-464)[pen + y + craig + ?]; (c) Parke Pen y Gragge ? 1 69 1 in 1 907 E .Pritchard p.204, Park y Pen y Graig ? 1 77 1 Nouadd MSS, Penygodig ?, Park Pen y Graig ? 1 838TMS, Pen-y-graig-gwin OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-graig-gwia OS 1 904 Penhwelp -(SN 1 63-465)[pen + y + chwelp] ; (c402) Pen y Whelp 1 83 8TMS, (cs) Penywhelp 1 842 Nouadd MSS, Penwhelp 1 877PR Llandydoch, Pen­ chwelp OS 1 89 1 , Penchwelp 1 924-26 CSRLS 69, Penywhelp House (sign) "A headland name . . . chwelp, dial. whelp, is 'a fox-cub', an English borrowing. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 88 ] . Penhwilwr -(SN 1 63-456)(pen + y + chwilor ?] ; [pen'hwilur, pen'wilur M. G. James] Penywhilwr Cwm 1 883PR Llandydoch Cf Penhwilor als. Drumlwyd (13-a). Penlan -(SN 127-469)[pen + y + glan]; [penlan'hendre E. Williams] Penlan 1 84 1 cens., Penlan OS 1 982 Penparc -(SN 1 4 1 -48 1 ) [pen + y + pare]; [pen'park I. James] Pen-pare OS 1 89 1 Penrhyn-bach -(SN 1 42-490)[penrhyn (+ bach) ] ; [penrm'ba:x, E . Williams] Y Tuy Duy in Penrhyn pella 1 6 1 9/20 F. Green MSS vol.24 p. 232, Penrin pella 1 708 Nouadd MSS, Penryn pelllla als. Penryn bach 1 723 F. Green MSS vol. 1 8 p.3 7 1 , Pen yr Inn bach als. Penrin pella 1 740 Nouadd MSS, Penrhydd bach 1 748map L.Morris, Pendrin bach 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Penrhyn fach O S 1 834, Pendrin fach 1 83 8TMS, Penrhyn-bach OS 1 904 Penrhyn Castle -(SN 1 42-491 )[tn Penrhyn[-mawr] (81-a) + E. castle]; [pendri1J'kasJ I. James, pendrm 'kasJ E. Williams] Pendrin Castle 1 83 8TMS, Penrhyn Castle (coastguard station) O S 1 891 , Penrhyn Castle OS 1 982 Though referring to the nearby Penrhyn-mawr (81-a), this name was probably suggested by Castellpenrhyn als. Penrhyn Castle (SH 60-71 , Llandygai, Caerns.), which was a well-known mansion b.c. 1 827 as an imitation castle [ 1 959 A Llyw-elyn-Williams: 29 ] ; cf. Castellpenrhyn (1 1-a). Penrhyn-mawr -(SN 1 42-489)[penrhyn (+ mawr)] ; [penrm'mowr E. Williams] Pendrin maur 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Penrhyn fawr OS 1 834, Pendrin mawr 1 83 8TMS, Penrhyn-mawr OS 1 89 1 Pentre Langwm -(SN 1 62-465)[pentre + tn. Langwm (Pembs.)] ; [pentre'laiJgum M. G . James] Langwm Street 1 836PR Llandydoch, Dan Cwm Street 1 841 cens. , Langwm Street 1 848PR Llandydoch, Pentre-Langwm OS 1 89 1 , Pentre-lan-gwm 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 88 The church of Llangwm in the anglicised part of Pembrokeshire, is pronounced Langum, and was noted Langoom 1 587, Langwm 1 595 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 604] , and may have given its name to this part of Llandydoch (cf the unlocated street called Little Haifford [ 1 581182 Kyle MSS], and Penali Street [ 1 869PR Llandydoch], named after the southern Pembrokeshire towns of Haverfordwest and Penally respectively). There is a Llangwm (OS map form) (SN 10-22, Llan-y-cefn, Pembs.) which is noted Langwm 1 605, Llangum 1 765, Llangwm c. l 773, Langwm 1 786, Langum 1 81 4, which is not in the vicinity of any known church or chapel [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 41 8 ] , and seems to be identical to our Pentre Langwm. Note the correspondence of E. street to W. pentref 1 2 14

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Penwaun -(SN

1 22-463)[pen + y + gwaun] ;

[pen'wejn I.

James]

Pen-y-waun OS 1 834, Penwaun 1 83 5PR Llandydoch, Penywaun 1 83 8TMS, Pen-waun OS 1 89 1 , Penwaun O S 1 9 82 Cf Gwyne vawr [ 1 693 Derwydd MSS (BGCh)] . Penwem -(SN 1 3 2-456) [pen + y + gwern] ; [ pen'wern I.

James]

Pen Wern 1 602 GS (BGCh), Penywern 1 63 9 F. Green MSS vol.6 p. 1 1 4, Penwern OS 1 8 1 9, Pen'wern OS 1 834, Penywern 1 83 8TMS, Penwern OS 1 8 9 1

Plas Awelfor -(SN

1 27-472)[plas

+ tn.

Awelfor] ;

Plasawelfor OS 1 982

Plas-y-wennol -(SN

1 54-45 1 ) [plas

+ y + gwennol];

Plas-y-wenol OS 1 904

Pwynt-y-bar -(SN 1 3 5-495) [pwynt + y + bar] ; [ti,lisa·w�tkmz I.

James]

Pwynt-y-bar OS 1 89 1 , Pwynt y Bar 'formerly part of Allt-y-coed' 1 892 Beckingsale MSS p. 244, Pwynt-y­ bar 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 89

Rhos-y-moelaid

-(SN 1 20-456) [rhos + y + moeliaid] ;

[ro:s�·m�jled, hro:s�·m�jled,

now mora'wel�n I. James]

Roosmoyled 1 592 F. Green MSS vol.6 p . 3 04, Rhose y Moyled ycha 1 695 Derwydd MSS (BGCh), Rose y Moyled yssa 1 697 Maesgwyn MSS (BGCh), Rose y Moelyd isha 1 704 Maesgwyn MSS (BGCh), Rhoseymoiled 1 777 M.Richardson MSS vol. 2 p.447, Rose y Moiled 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Rhosymoiled 1 8 1 4FB (BGCh), Rhosymiled OS 1 8 1 9, Rhos-y-miled OS 1 834, Rhosmoiled, Rhos Moilet 1 838TMS, Rhos-y-moiled OS 1 89 1 , Morawelon OS 1 982

G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 83 ] explains the second element

as

. . . moeliaid, pl. of moel, 'the bald ones', with moelen). " [ 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 83 ] . However, it seems much more likely to me that moeliaid refers to monks, as it lies immediately w of Caerau where there stood c. 1 600 a site called Yr Henjynachlog (sub Caerau, 81-a) , which is likely to point to the site of a grange-house for monks. The lack of jod in the form of moeliaid ­ B.

"

reference perhaps to a family of bald-headed persons rather than 'hornless cattle' (sing.

which I believe is no longer reflected in Pembrokeshire Welsh - betrays a fossilised southern

Tremoelaid (SN 22-09, Eglwyscmnmin, Carms.), Trefmoilet [c. 1 350(1 933)map W. Rees] ; Trecoeged (unloc., Nevem) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 44]. Rhydhalog -(SN1 5 1 -460)[rhyd + halogt Bryn-cws (sic) OS 1 8 34, Rhyd-talog 1 83 8TMS, Rhydalog 1 84 1 cens . , Rhyd-talog OS 1 89 1 Rock Cottage -(SN 1 3 7-49 1 ) [E. rock + cottage] ; [r�k'k�ted3 I. James] pronunciation that has receded to south-eastern Wales, cf

Rock Cottage OS 1 89 1

Rocket House -(SN

[r�ket'haws I. James] (c) Rocket Post, Rocket Posts (prox.) OS 1 904 A four-wheeled cart - known as the rocket cart - was kept by the coastguards rockets to where they could be fired [inf. I. James ] Sbeit -(SN 1 1 0-454)[E. spite] ; [spejt I. James] 1 44-487)[E. rocket + house];

Rocket House OS 1 89 1 ,

here which carried the

.

Spite 1 83 1 Nantgwyllt MS 2/4 1 5, Spite 1 84 1 cens, Spite Ceubwr 1 844PR Llandydoch, Spite OS 1 89 1

An old inn [inf. I. James ] . Seaview -(SN 1 44-488)[E. sea + view] ; [si'viW E.

Williams]

Sea View OS 1 89 1 , Sea-view (P.H.) O S 1 904, S eaview (Y) O S 1 982

Seion

-(SN 1 65 -460)[Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Chap OS 1 982, Capel Seion (sign) b. 1 839, ren. 1 926 [sign] .

Soar - (S N

1 42-479)[Bibl.tn. Zoar];

[soar

I. James,

soan

E. Williams]

Capel Soan OS 1 834, Capel Soar (disused) OS 1 89 1

Tahoe -(SN

1 44-488)[E.tn. Tahoe (Nevada, USA)] ;

Tahoe OS 1 982

Tirion-isa -(SN

1 4 1 -467)[tirion

(+ isat)]; [tri·'o:n I.

James,

hrj�n'i:Ja

C.

M Phillips]

Tir Jon ? 1 6 1 4W (BGCh), Tiryone 1 8 1 4FB (BGCh), Tre loan OS 1 834, Tiron issa 1 83 8TMS, Ty'r Ion 1 868 B. Williams p. 269, Tirion-isaf OS 1 89 1 , yn Nhirion isaf 1 983 San May, D'rion 1 984 San May, Tirion isia 1 990 ATD n. 3 0 1 , (pn.) Dafi Trion als. Tirion, Trion 'oen ni'n weud' 1 990 ATD n. 302-03

Tirion as tri·'o:n may at first appear *trbn (cf purion which becomes prbn in

The local realisation of development

hrj�n

�

1215

problematical, but follows a regular Cardiganshire Welsh,

Prian, 1 2-a), the

(8 1 ) CEMAIS *trbn then regular becoming tri· 'o:n in this area, as with words such as tyweirch twe:rz, biau pja: Llwynpiod (1 -a), Parctywad (4-a). Various interpretations have been given of this name: 1 ) Ion 'God' [ 1 868 B. Williams: 269] ; 'god's acre' [ 1 864 H. J. Vincent: 304] ; 2) traditionally said to have been named after loan [ 1 864 H. J. Vincent: 306] , see the 1 83 4 form Tre loan; 3) named after Tirion in France [ 1 990 AID: 301 ] , i. e. Thiron, the mother-house of the abbey ofLlandydoch. B. G. Charles ( 1 992: 1 89] notes the proximity of this site to Trebaneinon (81-a) and suggests Tirion is " . . . probably a reduction of this name. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 89 ] , which is phonologically unlikely. It seems clear that tirion means 'sod, greensward', cf. Tirion (76-a) which was originally Bryntirion; cf. Pant-tirion (81 -a). Tirion-ucha -(SN 1 40-463) [tirion (+ uchaf)] ; [hrj:m Iza C. M. Phillips] Tiron uchaf 1 83 8TMS, Tirion-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Tirion ycha' 1 990 ATD n. 30 1 Trebaneinon -(SN 1 41 -470) [tref + meibion + pn. Einon] ; [tre'ban;:m ? I. James] form

etc. , cf.

'

Treben Eynon 1 63 9VB (BGCh), Trebenkynon 1 63 9 F. Green MSS vol. 6 p. l l 5, Trebenynon 1 644 F. Green MSS vol. 8 p. 92, Trebeneynon 1 83 7PR Nevern (BGCh), Smithy OS 1 89 1 , Triban-einon OS 1 904 The nearby, but unlocated, Place Trune !ago [ 1 500% Bronwydd MSS] , Treben !ago [ 1 639 VB (BGCh)] , Treben Jago [ 1 639 F. Green MSS: 6.1 1 5 ] , Trebeniage [ 1 644 F. Green MSS: 8.92 ] , was TrefMeybon Yago [ 1 417 Bronwydd MSSJ; cf. Trebanmeurig (SH 36-77, Bryngwran, Angl.) � Tre Feibion Meurig [ 1 976 Gl. R. J. Jones: 2 1 ] . TrecWil-ganoi -(SN 1 42-479) [tref + y + c\Vn (+ canol)] ; [tre,ku:n'gan;:,l I. James] Soar (sic) OS 1 904 Trec"Wn-isa -(SN 1 45-479)[tref + yr + c"Wn (+ isaf)] ; [tre·'ku:n E. Williams, tre,ku:n'vowr I. James] Trecwn 1 596 FJ (BGCh), Trecoone 1 648 WChCR (BGCh), Trekoone 1 67 1 Cwrt-mawr MSS (BGCh), Trecoon 1 739 Brawdy MSS (BGCh), Tre Coon isha 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Trecwn OS 1 834, Trecwn issa 1 83 8TMS, Tre-cWn 1 844PR Llandydoch, Tre-cwn OS 1 89 1 , Trecwn isaf OS 1 982

TrecWil-ucha

-(SN 1 41 -480)[tref + yr + c\Vn (+ uchaf)] ;

[tre·,ku·n'aza E .

Williams]

Tre Coon ucha 1 79 1 LT (BGCh), Tre-cwn-uchaf O S 1 89 1 , Tre-cwn-uchaf OS 1 904, Tre-cW1n-uchaf O S 1 982 See Bronhoul (81-a).

Trerys

-(SN 1 1 8-464)[tref + pn. Rhys] ;

[ta'ri:s, tre'ri:s I.

James]

Tref Reys 1 362 Bronwydd MS S, Tref Rys 1 4 1 7 Bronwydd MSS , Trefrees, Trerys ysha 1 5 84 F. Green MSS vol. 6 p.297, Tre Rees, Tre Rees issa, Tre Rees ycha 1 585 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Tre Rys 1 6 1 4W (BGCh), Tre Rees vawr 1 695 Derwydd MSS (BGCh), Trer)Ts 08 1 8 1 9, Tre Rees OS 1 834, Trerees issa + ucha 1 83 8TMS, Trerees-fach 1 84 1 cens. (BGCh), Tre-rhys OS 1 89 1

Trewydwal -(SN

1 25-452) [tref + *gwydwal] ;

[tre'w1dwal I.

James]

Trewidwall, Trewiddwall 1 598 GS (BGCh), Plas Trewydall 1 623 F. Green MSS vol.24 p.262, Plas Trewydwall 1 623 F. Green MSS vol. 1 1 p. 68, Trewidwell 1 779 Brawdy MSS (BGCh), Trewidwal 1 83 8TMS, Tre-widwal OS 1 89 1 , Trewidwal O S 1 982

Trefldwal 'Idwal's farm' . . . with the common change of -:f to -w-. " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 84] ; though I prefer to advance a hypothesis that would connect this element with the old word found in dictionaries as gwyddwal and meaning 'thicket, brake, overgrown place'. The form gwyddwal can be explained as a fossilised dictionary form, preserving the original , but in spoken Welsh as can be seen from the pn. Idwal (from udd 'lord', OW. iud-), the [()] before [w] became [d] ; it is such a spoken form that could explain this toponym, note it is close to Trewyddel (E. Moylgrove, Pembs.); however, cf Pantgwyfol (64-a). Ty-canol(i) -(SN 1 1 8 -462)(Trerys)[ty + cano l] ; [ti·'kan;:,l I. James, ti'kan:>l E. Williams] "Probably

this etymology is perfectly tenable,

Ty-canol OS 1 89 1 , Tycanol OS 1 982

Ty-canol(ii) - (SN

[ti'kan:>l E.

1 34-494)(Allt-y-coed)[ty + canol];

Williams]

Ty-canol OS 1 89 1

Ty'rcwm -(SN 1 1 3 -449)[ty + yr + cwmt [ti·r'kmn I . inf. Ty'riet -(SN 1 50-485) [1}' + yr + iet];

James]

Ty'r-iet OS 1 89 1

Ty-llwyd-bach

-(SN 1 43-479)[1}' + llwyd (+ bach) ] ;

[tiiujd'ba:z E .

Ty-llwyd 1 84 1 cens. Ty-llwyd-bach OS 1 89 1

Ty-main

-(SN 1 1 3-454)[1}' + main] ;

[ti'majn I.

James]

Ty-maen OS 1 89 1

1 2 16

Williams]

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 147-462)(Clawddcam)[ty + newydd] ; [ti:'newi(') C. M. Phillips] Ty newydd 1 8 1 9PR Llandydoch, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd + Llys-newydd OS 1 982, Ty newi 1 990 AID n.3 09-1 0 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 1 1 8-465)(Trerys)[tY + newydd]; Ty-newydd OS 1 834 Union Terrace -(SN 1 62-466)[E. [Poor Law] Union + terrace]; Union Terrace OS 1 891 Wemddu -(SN 1 37-48 1 )[y + gwern + du]; [wern'(')i: I. James, E. Williams] Wern-ddu 1 83 8PR Llandydoch, Wern-ddu OS1 891 Ysgol Llandydoch -(SN 1 63-460)[ysgol + tn. Llandydoch (8 1-a)] ; [�sk�l'land�x M. G. James] School OS 1 891 , St. Dogmael's Board School 1 904 NLW MS 1 3656-B p.6, Sch OS 1 982, Ysgol Llandudoch 1 983 San Oct. , St. Dogmaes (sic) British School 1 985 TS 1 5/1 1/85 b. 1 868 [1 985 T8 1 5/1 1/85 ] Ysgubor-hen -(SN 1 57-456)[ysgubor + hen]; Scyborhen 1 765 Llwynbrain MSS (BGCh), Skibor Hen 1 79 1LT (BGCh), Ysgubor-hen OS1 834, Yscubor Hen 1 83 8TMS Sometime bet. l 83 8-1 904 the name was transferred to Gwaungarreg (81 -a). Ysguborwen -(SN 1 60-452)[ysgubor + gwen]; [sk1b�r'wen M G. James] Scibor Wen 1 791LT (BGCh), Ysguborwen 1 83 8TMS, Sgubor Wen 1 847PR Llandydoch, Yscyborwen 1 853 Poor Rate .

hodonyms Rheol -(SN 1 63 -460)[yr + heol] ; Lower Street ? 1 829PR Llandydoch, Heol uchaf ? 1 83 1PR Llandydoch, Heol isaf ?? 1 83 1PR Llandydoch, High Street 1 833PR Llandydoch, High Street OS 1 982, Yr Heol fawr 1 983 San May, Reol, Hai Strit 1 990 AID n.302-03, High Street, Heol fawr (sign) Heol-y-felin -(SN 1 65-459)[heol + y + melin]; Mill Street 1 724 Nouadd MS 692, Heol y F elin 1 83 0PR Llandydoch Llwybrllygoden -(SN 1 62-461 )[1lwybr + llygoden]; Llwybr Llygoden (sign) geonyms Aberceibwr -(SN 1 09-458)[aber + hn. Ceibwr]; Aber Keibur 1 579 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Aberkiber 1 592 LRMB (BGCh), Aberkibwr 1 592VB (BGCh), Aberkibor 1 599 in 1 897 H.Owen vo1.2 p. 5 1 6, Keybur c. 1 600 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 506, Aberkeybwr 1 602map G.Owen (BGCh), Aberkeyber c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p.269, 'port' Aberkeybur c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p.269, Aberkeley 1 638 BRA MSS (BGCh), Aber Keley als. Aber Kybwr 1 682 Foley MSS, Aberkeley als. Aber Kybwr 1 682 BRA MSS (BGCh), Kibor 1 695 Derwydd MSS (BGCh), Aberkibor Haven 1 760map E.Bowen, Keibur 1 8 1 7PR Llandydoch, Cybur 1 83 1 Nantgwyllt MS 2/4 1 5, Ceibur 1 83 8TMS, Ceibwr Bay 081 834, Ceibwr Bay 08 1 891 , Ceibwr 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 85, Aber Ceibwr 1 992 PN Pembs p. 1 20 A settlement on the Moylgrove side of the estuary was named Aber [081 834}; Tyraber Kybwr, Ty'r Aber [1841cens.]; Ceibwr, Limekilns [OS1 89 I ] ; Lime Kiln (disused) [081 982] . Ceibwr (prox. Gaerwen) [ 1864PR Trewyddel) . Y Bar -(SN 1 58-494)[y + bar]; [min�i.r'bar: , �·bar: M. G. James] The Barr, Barr of Cardigan c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol.5 p.268, The Bar 1 748map L.Morris, Cardigan Bar 1 803map J. Singer, 'estuary much obstructed by shifting sands, called a' Bar 1 8 1 0 R.Fenton p.283, Cardigan Bar 008 1 8 1 4, Cardigan Bar 08 1 8 1 9, Cardigan Bar 08 1 834, Bar 1 893 in 1 983 San May, The Bar 1 9 1 3 TS 27/06/13, Pwllcam c. 1 970map !.Mathias, Poppit Sands 08 1 982, Y Bar 1 983 Gambo n. 7 Though this area is generally known as Poput to visitors, M G. James informs me that local people from Llandydoch never say Poput for this place. The name is derived from Poput (80-a), which was officially renamed Webli in the last century. 1217

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Y Bertshen -(SN 1 58-488)(y + pertshen]; [pu:{;l'bertJen M G. James, ;l'bertJen D. Davies] Perch OS 1 834, Perch OS 1 89 1 , The Perch Pole 1 947 TS 22/08/47, Pwll-y-perch 1 974 J.G.Jenkins p.229, The Perch, 'in Welsh' Y Perchen 1 990 W.J.Lewis p . 5 3 Where fishing rights o n the river finished [inf. M . G. James] ; ' a tall post, helped the pilot navigate narrows at Penrergyd [ 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 53 ] . Caerau -(SN 1 24-454)[caerau]; (c) Park y Gaer, Caerau, 'marked' Castell 'on the OS map' 1 864 H.J.Vincent p.299, Caerau OS 1 89 1 , Settlement O S 1 982 The fortifications consisted of tri· haner klaw [inf I. James] ; had burial cists [ 1 994 H. James: 403 ] ; cf Yr Henfynachlog (sub Llandydoch, 81-a), Caerau (81 -a). Carregaderyn -(SN l35-498)[carreg + yr + aderyn]; Craig yr Adar 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 5 1 , Careg Aderyn OS 1 891 Carregatsain -(SN 1 28-49 1 ) [carreg + atsain]; Carreg-catsen OS 1 834, Carreg Hatchen 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 54, Careg Adsain OS 1 89 1 The traditional word for 'echo' in south-western Wales was (h)ego o r (h)egad [1910 w . M . Moms: 1 6 1 ; GPC s.v. eco], the variation in the forms of 1 834 and 1 856 seems to show that the older Welsh term atsain 'echo' was no longer understood. Carregdasu -(SN 1 56-49 1 )[carreg + y + dasu]; Carreg Dasu c. 1 970map !.Mathias Carreg-y-fendith -(SN 1 63-462)[carreg + y + bendith]; [kareg;l'venddl M. G. James] Carreg y Fendith 1 974 J.G.Jenkins p.234 The monks used to baptise boats at beginning of the fishing season [inf. M. G . James ] . Carregwylan -(SN 1 20-476)[carreg + yr + gwylan]; Careg Wylan OS1 891 Carregleion -(SN 1 20-489)[ carreg + ? ]; Carreg Lion OS 1 982 Castell Trerys -(SN 1 1 0-459)[castell + tn. Trerys (81-a)] ; Castell Trerees 1 864 H.J.Vincent p.309, Castell OS 1 891 , Settlement OS 1 982 "A promontory fort above Ceibwr Bay (v. AncMon 1 009) . " [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 88] . Cei-bach -(SN 143 -491 )[cei + bach]; [kej'ba:z I. James] Cei bach O S 1 834, Quay bach, Lifeboat House OS 1 89 1 , Cei-bach, Lifeboat Ho. OS 1 904, Cei-bach, Boat House OS 1 982 Cnwc-celwydd -(SN 1 20-448)[cnwc + y + celwydd]; [knuk'elWI� I. James] Cnwc y Celwydd 1 864 H.J.Vincent p. 307, Cnwc y Celwydd 1 907 E.Pritchard pp. l 8-1 9, Tumulus O S 1 89 1 , Cairn OS 1 982 This was is described as a cairn or a tumulus 5ft in height, and 250ft in circumference [ 1 925 RCA(H)M Pembs: 3 57] . H. J. Vincent [1 864: 307] reports this to have been " . . . a tump . . . where men and women were formerly in the habit of assembling on the Lord's Day in large masses, to disport themselves by inventing and telling the most lying and wonderful tales that their imagination could devise. " ; " . . . presumably a resort favoured by gossips . . . " adds B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 85 ] ; cf Bryncelwydd als. Pen-y-bryn, now The Bandstand (Aberdyfi, Mers.), Bryn y Celwydd [1 748map L. Morris ] , where wives would congregate to await the sailors' return, and thus became the breeding ground for gossip [inf. H. M. Lewis] ; cf Cnwc-y-glap (20-a). There is also a Banc-celwydd (SN 64-32, Talley, Carms.), Bane y Celwydd [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 85 ] , though this may feasibly have been named in opposition to the hill named Banc-y-paderau (SN 63-33) on the other side of Talley village. Craig-yr-odyn -(SN 1 3 0-499)[craig + yr + odyn] ; [£S"krajg;lr';Jdm 1 995 M W. Jones p. 1 1 3] Craig yr Odyn OS 1 89 1 Crugiau -(SN 1 4 1 -456)[crugiau]; Crugriffi.t ?? 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.276, Crugau Griffith Menecregh ?? 1 320-21 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 82, Crug OS 1 834, Crugiau OS 1 89 1 , Cairns OS 1 982 Cwmesgym -(SN 1 3 5-479)[cwm + tn Esgyrn (81-a)] ; Cwm-yr-esgyrn 1 854PR Llandydoch, Cwm Esgyrn OS 1 891 , Cwm yr Esgyr OS 1 982 Cwm Trewyddel -(SN 1 1 6-449)[ cwm + tn Trewyddel]; 1 2 18

(81 ) CEMAIS Cwm Trewyddel OS 1 89 1

Trewyddel i s the Welsh name ofMoylgrove (Pembs.). Cywrwy -(SN 1 1 9-485)[ cyfrwy]; Cowrw 1 856 H. J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p . 64, Cyfrwy O S 1 8 9 1 The local pronunciation of cyfrwy is kowru [inf. I. James]. Ffwrn -(SN 1 3 0-502)[ffwrn]; Y Ffwrn 1 856 H. J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 5 1 , King Road OS 1 89 1 , Ffwrn, King Road OS 1 904 A cave that has fallen in [ 1 856 H. J. Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69: 5 1 ] . Ffynnonmeddyg -(SN 1 60-466)[ffynnon + y + meddyg]; Ffynnon Feddyg OS 1 834, F:f.Ynnon Feddyg (chalybeate), Chalybeate Springs O S 1 904

doctor and W. meddyg can be interchangeable, this place has no direct connection with Parc­ y-doctor (SN 1 69-45 5) near Plas-newydd (79-a), the older forms being: (c) Doctors Park [ 1 544 in 1 907 E. Pritchard: 1 1 5], (c) Parke y Doctor [ 1 665 Bronwydd MSS], (c209c) Park y Doctor [ l 8381MS]. The title doctor is Though E.

likely to have referred to a teacher, or a university graduate of a number of disciplines, probably associated with the abbey of Llandydoch.

Y Foei -(SN 1 44-483 )[y + moel] ; Y Foel O S 1 98 2 Garn-fawr -(SN 1 32-485) [y + cam + mawr]; 'Garn-fawr OS 1 83 4

Garreglydan

-(SN 1 37-495)[y + carreg + llydan] ;

Carreg Ledan 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 5 1 , Careg Lydan OS 1 891

Moel Hendre -(SN 1 1 7-472)[moel + tn.

Hendre

(81 -a)];

Pantyboyle (prox. ) 1 5 84 F. Green MS S vol.6 p.297, Voel

yr Hendre 1 856 H. J. Vincent in D. Thomas MS

B-69 p. 64, Foel Hendre OS 1 89 1

Nedwydd -(SN 1 36-498)[nodwydd]; Y Nodwydd 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 5 1 , The stack seems n o longer t o exist [OS1982]. Ogo-groyn -(SN 1 37 -496)[ogof + yr + groyn] ;

Nydwydd OS 1 89 1

Ogof Groyn OS 1 89 1

Pencemais

-(SN 1 3 1 -5 0 1 ) [pen + tn. Cemais

(Pembs.)J; [ pen kemes C . M '

Phillips]

Penkemas Poynt 1 578map C.Saxton, Kernes Hed 1 5 89 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p. 3 70, Penkemes c. 1 600 in 1 897 H. Owen vol. l p.493 , Kernes Head 'called' Pen Kernes Pointe 1 603 G Owen vol. l p. 4 1 , Penkemes als. Kippin c. 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 268, Kemaes Head 1 748map L.Morris, Pen Kemeys Point 1 760map E . Bowen, Cardigan Head OS 1 8 1 9, Pen Cemmaes OS 1 834, Cemmaes Head O S 1 89 1 , Cemaes Head OS 1 982

Pinog -(SN

1 65-460) [ ?

]; [ma.T'pin�g , �'pi·n�g

M.

G. James]

Pinog O S 1 89 1 This was where nets were washed and dried [inf.

M.

G.

James] .

The name

Pinog appears t o be a Welsh (EPNE: 2.62] ; cf Allyd

adaptation of E. pinnock 'a small pen', found chiefly in western counties of England (sic) y Binog (Merthyr Tydfll, Glarus.)

Pwlledrych

[ 1 908 C. Wilkins:

1 54] .

-(SN 1 3 9-494)[pwll + edrych] ;

Pwll Edrych OS 1 89 1

Pwll Granant -(SN

1 2 1 -477)[pwll + tn. Granant

(81 -a)] ;

Pwllygranant 1 809 in 1 984 NLWJ vol.23 p. 3 5 5 , Pwll Granant OS 1 8 34, Pwll Gronant OS 1 89 1 , Pwll y Granant OS 1 904, Pwllygranant O S 1 982

Pwllmelyn

-(SN c. 1 42-493) [pwll + melyn] ;

Pwll Melyn O S 1 8 9 1

Pwll-y-mwyn

-(SN 1 3 3 -499)[pwll + y + mwyn] ;

Pwll y Mwn OS 1 89 1

Pwll-tro -(SN 1 25-490)[pwll-tro] ; Pwll Tro OS 1 89 1

Rhyd -(SN

1 58-486)[rhyd] ;

I. Mathias, Y Rhyd 1 974 J. G. Jenkins p.230 Traeth Godircoch -(SN 1 27-493)[traeth + tn. Godircoch]; Rhyd c. 1 970map

1219

(8 1 ) CEMAIS Godir Goch 1 856 H. J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 64, Traeth Godir-coch O S 1 982 Traeth-y-rhedyn -(SN 1 2 1 -483)[traeth + y + rhedyn] ; Traeth y Rhedyn 1 856 H.J.Vincent in D. Thomas MS B-69 p. 54, Traeth Channel OS 1 89 1 , Traeth y Rhedyn OS 1 904 Trwyn-yr-afr -(SN 1 1 8-486)[trwyn + yr + gafr] ; [£S'trujn�r'a·var I. James] Pencarreg Grawer 1 760map E.Bowen, Penyrafr OS 1 8 1 9, Pen-yr-afr OS 1 834, Pen yr Afr OS 1 89 1 Trwyn Garregddu -(SN 149-489)[trwyn + tn. Garregddu] ; Cerrig Duon 1 748map L.Morris, Trwyn Careg-ddu OS 1 89 1 , Trwyn Careg-ddu OS 1 982, Trwyn y Garreg Ddu 1 990 ATD n. 307 There was a gorid (i e. cored 'fish-weir') [ 1 990 AID: 307]; goryd [ 1 983 San Oct.]. Trwyn-yr-olchfa -(SN 1 43-493)[£S'trujn�r'�lzva 1 995 M. W. Jones p. l 1 3] Trwyn y Golchfa OS 1 89 1 , Trwyn yr Olchfa OS1 904, Trwyn yr Olchfa OS 1 982 See sub Swnd-yr-ynys (2-b).

1 22 0

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Hydronyms: orientation Because watercourses often trespass over more than one area it was thought best to group all watercourse names under one heading.

1 22 1

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Adail -(� Ystwyth: 54: 62-75 - 62-72)[adai1]; Nant y Cilcwm 1 707 Castlehill MSS, Nant Adal 08 1 891 The term adail 'building' probably refers to nearby Llys-newydd (54-a). Associated toponyms: Cwrtadail (54-a). Aeddfed -(� Teifi: 4: 23-43 - 24-45)[aeddfed] ; Iddved 1 58 1 Nouadd MSS, Thridin Oob Br. 1 760map E.Bowen, Nant Iefed 08 1 89 1 , Nant Eifed 08 1 904 The realisation of the word aeddfed in central Cardiganshire is ej(}ved (Bronant) [inf E. Evans] ; :lj(}ved (Llanio) [inf C. Jones ] , but in southern Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire: eifed (Llanwenog) [c. 1 900 NLW MS 2473-C: 1 30], oifed (Nevern, Pembs.) [c. 1 900 NLW MS 2475-A], oifed (Fishguard, Pembs.) [ c. l 900 NLW MS 2474-B] , £f:ljved (swWales) [ 1 976 C. H. Thomas: 353]; see sub Llynaeddwen (39-b). Associated toponyms: Aberaeddfed (4-a), Blaenaeddfed (4-a), Cwmaeddfed (4-a), Llysaeddfed (4-a), Maenoraedcifed als. Cil-llwch (4-a), Penalltaeddfed (3-a). Aeron -(� SEA: 45, 46, 44, 27, 43, 42, 25, 35, 4 1 , 36, 3 7, 40, 3 8, 39: 45-63 - 60-67)[ ? ] ; Aeron f1. 1 1 70(c. 1 400) Gwynfardd Frycheinog in Hendreg. p.200, Ayron, Airon 1 1 84( 1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Ayron > 1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Ayron >1282( 1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Ayron c. 1 288 Ann.Camb. (C) p. 76, Aeron 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 28, Ayron fl. 1 300-50(c. 1 400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p. 330, (c) Glan Aeron fl. 1 300-50(c. 1400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p. 327, Aeronn £1. 1 470 Daf Nantmor p. 1 4, Ayron c. 1475 BS p. 1 54, Aeron £1. 1485 L. Glyncothi p.45, Ayron 1 567 Pengelli MSS, Ayron Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Avron 1 5002/z Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Ayron 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.446, Iron R 1 760map E.Bowen, River Ayron 1 783PR Cilcennin, River Iron 1 789PR L1angeitho, R Ayron, Eiron R 1 803map J. Singer, R Ayron 008 1 8 1 9, R Aeron 081 834, Auron 1 845TMS Llanbadarn Odyn, Afon Aeron 08 1 891 , Yr Aeron 1 897 Cymru vol. l 2 p.243 For the artificial change of course of the river Aeron, see sub Henafon(i). A subsequent artificial straightening of the course of the river was done at the behest of Captain Vaughan ofBreinog ( 42-a) in the 1 880s between Bont-fawr (25-b) and Tanrallt-isa (27-a) [ 1 971 J. H. Lewes: 345]. D. L. Jones [ 1 983 : 377-78] notes that the course of the river was altered near Melin Llyswen (45-a) in the 1 740s. The river originally debouched into the sea near Castellcadwgan (45-b), running through what was later Water Street and Victoria Street in Aberaeron [ 1 864 B. Williams: 6; 1 988 Llais Aeron: 1 08], and continued to demarcate the boundaries of Henfynyw and Llanddewi Aberarth parishes until. these were united as the new parish of Aberaeron ( 1 926 J. M. Howell: 7] . It is the Rev. A T. J. Gwynne of Mynachdy who changed the course of the river at Pwllcam (5-b) about 1 807 in order to make a substantial for his new port of Aberaeron [ 1 988 Llais Aeron: 1 08]. The name has been derived from *Agrona "enw duwies yn ddiamau" [1 934 R. J. Thomas: 1 23], " duwies rhyfel" [ 1945 I. Williams: 36], "Aeron 'goddess of battle' from Welsh aer 'battle', and a suffix -on which frequently has a mythological significance in river-names. " [1 970 M. Richards: 35]; Aeifen an alias of Dyfrdwy river [ 1 970 M. Richards: 45] , however W. J. Gruffydd ( 1 933 BBCS: 7. 1-2] saw no reason to connect Aeifen with Dyfrdwy, nor to interpret Aeifen as 'goddess of war'. Whilst I cannot submit a better etymology, I am suspicious of explanations of river-names as being those of ancient gods, firstly, because there has been too easy a recourse to barely attested personal-names (including divine ones) in attempts to explain obscure names, and, secondly, our actual knowledge of the religion of the ancient Celts is too fragmentary for such a conclusion to be uncritically accepted. Identical names appear to be found for other hydronyms, e.g. Aeron (Llanpumsaint, Carms.) and the MW. Aeron identified with Air (E. Ayr, Scotland) [ 1 926 W. J. Watson: 1 86, 342-43] . In France there are identical-looking toponyms, e.g. Airon-Notre-Dame (Pas-de-Calais), Agrona 9thcent. ; Airon-St-Vast (Pas-de-Calais) Ayron 1 3 1 1 , which have been explained as probably from L. area [DNLF: 6]. The meaning aeron 'berries' should not be dismissed out of hand, it is remarkable that in the two instances - known to me - of aeron in toponymy, it is found coupled with dol 'river meadow', e. g. Dolaeron (SN 91-51, Beulah, Brees.; SM 06-20, Bletherston, Pembs.), in both cases the adjoining rivers have other names so that we cannot posit aeron to be a river-name in these cases. B. Williams [ 1 864: 4-5] disagreed with the meaning 'bright' given to Aeron by W. 0. Pughe: "Y mae 'Aeron Ddu' yr hen chwedl yn llawer cymhwysach enw, he further railed against the spelling Euron 'laburnum' as a spelling for Aeron; see 1 868 B. Williams p.36. Associated toponyms : Aberaeron (45-a), Aeron-parc (38-a), Aeron View (37-a, 39-a, 41-a, 44-a), Aeron Villa (38a, 39-a), Blaenaeron (39-a, e), Bronaeron (27-a, 39-a, 40-a), Brynaeron (27-a, 40-a), Celli-Aeron (25-a), Ciliau Aeron (27-a), Cwmaeron (25-a), Dolaeron (40-a), Dolau (36-a), Dy.ffrynaeron (e), Glanaeron (39-a, 40-a), 11

1 222

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Glynaeron (43-a), Is-Aeron (e), Llanaeron (27-a), Llannerchaeron (27-a), L/ysaeron (39-a, 45-a), Maesaeron (42a), Rhwng-y-ddwy-Aeron (41-b), Rhyd Nant-y-llyn (39-b), Trychrug (43-b), Trychrug Aeron (42-a), Uwch­ Aeron (e). Aeron-fechan - (� Aeron: 39: 63-63 � 60-64)[ ? (+ bechan)] ; Nant fechan OS 1 89 1 , Aeron fechan OS 1 904 Afallen -( � Aeron: 4 1 , 42: 54-56 � 56-60)[ ? ] ; Walleu 'brook' c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 1 , Afon Rhiw'r Vallen 1 720PR Trefilan, (c) Cwm Riwalten 1 8 1 5sur map p. l l 6, Nant Rhiw'fallen OS 1 834, River Fallen 1 878 in 1 779sur map Llanllyr, Nant Rhiw­ afallen OS 1 89 1 , gyda'r Afon Wallen 1 904 D.Jenkins liv, Mallen 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p. 6, Wallen 1 936 D.Jenkins p. 57 The o lder forms of the name are *Rhiwallen and later Wallen - see Glaynrualen 1 29 1 , Blaen Rhw Allen 1 649 (sub Blaenfal/en, 42-a) . The forms with or not attested earlier than 1 720 and are the result of reanalysis, note Rhiwa/len (55-a) f-- Rhiw yr Fallen 1 657. The form *Rhiwallen appears to be a corruption of the MW. pn. Rhiwallon, but the fmal � is irregular. Associated toponyms: Blaenfallen (42-a), Bro-Afa/len (42-a), Rhydfallen (42-a). Afon Blac-leion -(� SEA: 20: 3 8-58 � 3 9-59)[afon + tn. Blac-leion (20-a)]; (c) Cwm Black Lion 1 948 G.M. Griffiths p.42, Nant 'Black Lion' c. l 965 M.Evans vol. l p. l 1 , Mon 'Black Lion' c. l 965 MEvans vol. l p.22 This is supposed to have been called Gido ( 1 948 G. M. Griffiths : 42], but this may have been extracted from Cwmgido (20-a), cf Gido (d). Afon Cymerau -(� Maesmor: 76: 68-88 � 69-87)[afon + tn. Cymerau (76-a)] ; Afon Cwmere OS 1 904, Mon Cymere OS 1 982 Cf Afon Cymerau als. Melindwr(ii). Afonddu(i) -(� Mon Henllys: 25 : 5 1 -55 � 5 1 -53)[afon + du]; Afon Ddu OS 1 891 Associated toponyms: Nant-y-gelli (26-a). Afonddu(ii) - ( � Aeron: 39, 5 5 : 6 1 -65 � 6 1 -67)[afon + du]; Ayron Du 1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Vwch Aeron Ddv c. l 562 RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p. 875, Mon Ddu OS 1 891 The older name Aeron-ddu is reminiscent of the use of -ddu as a specifier of a smaller branch of a river, the most famous examples in Wales being the hns. Cleddau (Cleddau-ddu) and Cleddy (Cleddy-wen) [1 992 PN Pembs: 7], and Claerddu and Claerwen (Cards. / Rads.); cf the hydronyms Black Esk and White Esk (Dumfriesshire). R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 41 ] suggested -ddu was the easternmost of these paired river-names, though he admitted that in the case of Claerddu and Claenven this was not the case. Associated toponyms: Afonddu (39-a). Afonddu(iii) (� Pul Loj: 78: 66-94 � 68-93)[afon + du]; [av:>n'�i: E. James, �r,av:>n'�i: W. J. Jenkins] Kinuer Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Mon Ddu 1 772MR Genau'rglyn, Afon DddG. 1 789sur map, 'brook' Avon Ddu 1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd, Afon Ddu OS 1 89 1 , 'r Afon Gerwyn 1 939 in 1 978 T.Richards p. l 5, 'r Afon Gerwyn 1 957 Lloffion Llangynfelyn vol.7 p. 8 Continued by Pul Loj. Associated toponyms: Afonddu (77-a). Monddu(iv) - (� Llynrhuddnant: 6 1 : 80-78 � 8 1 -78)[av:>n'�i: T. Griffiths] Afon Ddu 1 791 Crosswood MSS, Avon Ddu 1 865Encl. map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn Yr Afon-dro -(channel of Teifi estuary: 80, 3 : 1 6-47 � 1 7-47)[yr + afon + troJ; Yr Mon Dro 1 9 1 3 TS 27/06/1 3, Afon Tro, Afon Nol c. 1 970map !.Mathias Afon-fach(i) -(� Cennant: 62: 67-76 69-77)[afon + bach] R Afon fach OS 1 834, Cennant OS 1 904 Afon-fach(ii) -(a branch of the river Aeron: 4 1 : 57-57 � 59-58)[av:>n'va:z Gr. Jones] -

�

in£

Yr Afon-fach(iii) -(� Gwenffrwd(i): 40: 59-61 � 60-62)[yr + afon + bach] ; 'r Mon fach 1 990 E.Jones p. 21 Afon-fach Llandygwy - (� Teifi: 4: 23-43 � 24-44)[afon-fach + tn. Llandygwy (4-a)] ; 'locally known as' Afon fach Llandygwydd 1 93 2 J.Lynn-Thomas p. 43 Afonfelen (� SEA: 2 1 : 40-59 39-57) [afon + melen] ; -

�

1 223

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Afon Felen OS 1 89 1 See Rhydfelen (21-a). Afon-y-felin -(� Teifi: 79, PEMBS. : 1 6-46 � 1 4-45)(afon + y + melin] ; Mill Broke 1 53 7 in 1 907 E.Pritchard p. 1 03 , Afon y Felin c. 1 970map !.Mathias Named after Melin Llandydoch (81-a). Afon Ffynnonddewi -(� SEA: 1 8: 3 5-57 � 3 9-52) [afon + tn Ffynnonddewi (18-a)]; Afon Ffynnon-ddewi OS 1 89 1 , 'rivulet' Dewi 1 902 Gw.E.Evans p. 1 3 , Afon Ffynon Ddewi c. 1 920 D.J. Saer p.22, Afon Ddewi 1 927 Cymru vol. 72 p. 1 1 6, a'r Ddewi 1 978 Cardi vol. 1 1 p. 5 Afon Gilwen -(� SEA: 5: 25- 5 1 � 24-5 1 )[afon + tn. Gilwen]; [av;)n'gdwen D. T. Jones] Afon Glyncoch 1 890 TS 1 9/1 2/90, Nant Gilwen O S 1 904, Y Gilwen 1 983 Gambo n.6 Into Traeth Dolwen (5-b) flows Afon Gilwen, on its way it is joined by Nant Gilddu (d), at the juncture of which called Cwm Dwygil [c. l 950 ChVAberporth: 1 8] ; cf. Castellum Dinduicil, id est Caerduicil [c. l l 40 LL: 226], "The second element seems to be a personal name Dwygil, with the same -il suffiX as in Gwril. " [ l 972a M. Richards: 370] . Associated toponyms: Nant-y-coed (5-a), Rhos-y-gilwen (5-a), Rhyd-y-gilwen (5-a). Afon Hengwm -(name of upper course of Rheidol: 72, MONTS . : 78-89 � 8 1 -9 1 ) [afon + tn. Hengwm[-armedd] (72-a)] ; [av;)n,gcli'goge E. Howells, nant�'hreiJgum J. J. Morgan] Afon Hengwm OS 1 834, Afon Heng\\-11 (course below Hengwm), Afon Gelligogau (course above Hengwm) c. 1 850map Perfedd, Afon Hengwm OS1891, Avon Gelly Gogau 1 8002/zmap Hengwm Named Afon Celli-gogau above Hengwm [inf E. Howells] . Afonifan -(� SEA: 2 0 : 39-59)[afon + p n Ifan] ; Afon Eran OS 1 89 1 , Afon Evan OS 1 904 Cf. Afonmorgan als. March(ii). Afon LlanUyr - (� Aeron: 25: 53-57 � 54-56) [afon + tn. Llanll9r (25-a)]; Afon Llanlear OS 1 89 1 , Afon Llan-llyr OS 1 904 A canalisation of Henajon(i). Afon Llechweddmor -(� Rheidol: 72, 78, 76, MONTS. : 76-88 � 75-90)[afon + tn. Llechweddmor (Monts.)]; [iez 'wd�m;)r J. J. Morgan, E. Howells, tatwerm;)r Gw. Jenkins, tctwerm;)r T. Jones, E. Humphreys] (c) Aber Camdwr Keueiliauc ? 1 201 in 1 982 R Morgan p. 22, Avon Llechweddmor 1 795map D.Davies, Llechweddmor River c. l 850map Perfedd, The River Llechweddmor 1 889Per. Genau'rglyn, Afon Llechwedd-mawr OS 1 89 1 , Nant Llechwedd mawr 1 946 T.Beynon p.94 On the OS maps [OS1891 ; OS1904] Afon Llechweddmor is given to the lower reaches of Conach, as well as to Nant-y-brynglas and Nantbyr. It is named after Llechweddmor (Monts.), but could its old name have been Camdwr Cyfeiliog as in the form of 1 20 1 , and in contrast with the other Camdwr(ii), which was referred to as Camdwr Ceredigion in 1 322. Cyfeiliog was the name of the cantref, immediately north of Ceredigion, see sub hn. Cefail. Afon Lluestgota -(� Afon Llechweddmor: 76: 75-90 � 73-91 )[afon + tn. Lluestgota (78-a)]; Tirion River 1 789 Gogerddan MSS box D 1 , Tirion River 1 790sur map, Afon Lluest-gotta OS 1 89 1 , Mon Lluestgota 0Sc. 1 950 Afon Penffos -(� Ceri: 9: 34-48 � 35-48)[afon + tn Penffos (9-a)] ; Afon Penffos 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Afonig Penffos 1 93 8 1650/ 1 1 p. 8 Afon Penprys -(� Einon(i): 78: 70-93 72-95) [afon + tn. Penprys (78-a)] ; Afon Pemprys OS 1 891 Afon Rhydferwig -(� Soden: 1 9 : 36-57 � 38-57)[afon + tn. Rhydferwig (1 9-a)] ; Afon Rhydferwig 1 803map J. Singer, Afon Ferwig OS 1 89 1 Afon Rhydfudr -(� Bran(ii): 25: 52-52 � 54-52)[afon + tn. Rhydfudr (25-a)]; Nant Fudr-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Avon Rhydyfydir 1 894 Ystrad SF, Nant Fudr-fach 0Sc. 1 950 The second form is a back-formation from the tn. Rhydfudr (25-a). Afon Tryal -(� Wyre-fach: 50: 56-79 � 59-67)[afon + tn Tryal (50-a)]; Afon Tryal O S 1 834, (c) Glam Afon Trial (Cefn Mabwys land) 1 839TMS Llanrhystud Afon Ty-cam -(� Afon Llanllyr: 25: 53-56 � 53-55)[afon + tn. Ty-cam (25-a)] Afon Ty-cam OS 1 89 1 , Afon Ty-cam OS 1 982 Formed by Nant Graigwen and Nant Cymerau. Afonunig -(� Rheidol: 70: 74-82 � 72-85)[afon + unig] �

1224

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Ynig River 1 747map L. Morris, Inig R 1 760map E. Bowen, Afon Urig 1 765map E.Bowen

et al. ,

Ynig

River 1 747map L.Morris, Ffrwd (sic) 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 44, Ynyg River 1 834rnap W.Morgan, Nant Glan-dWt- OS 1 89 1

Annerch -(� in£

Cerdin: 1 4: 39-45

�

3 6-45 ) [ ?

]; [(c) aber'�nerx E.

Williams]

As I believe that the stream-name Annerch contained in Blaenannerch

Iddnerth,

(5-a)

is a reanalysis of the southern

annerch annerch 'to greet, to address' is well-known and popular etymology explained the name Blaenannerch "am fod anerch cynulleidfa" ( 1 904 J. Evans: 223] (interestingly enough GPC [ s.v. annerch] only gives annerch as a noun

Welsh pn.

the Llandysul Annerch remains the only river-name that can be analysed as

(unless it too is a product of reanalysis,

ld(d)nerth

having been a common name). The term

'a greeting, an address', so that the verbnoun is likely to have been a late development). M. Richards

[ 1967-70: 82]

gives a more credible explanation for

annerch:

" . . . rhaid meddwl efallai fod y nant yn

cynnwys gair a gysylltir a pharablu, trwst, fel y digwydd gyda Trystion, Llafar, a Chlywedog. " However,

Arth(i)

R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 6 7] gave an altogether different explanation, comparing Annerch with the hns. Erch (Caems.), Erchan (see sub Rhoserchan, 64-a), Nannerch (Flints.) - a popular etymology of Blaenannerch considered Nanerch to be the name of the river rather than Annerch [ 1 904 J. Evans: 223] - Glesyrch (Monts.): "Am Annerch, hwyrach mai'r rhagddodiad cadarnhaol ann- + erch ydyw, gan ddynodi lliw'r dfu. " Associated toponyms: Cwmannerch (14-a). -(� SEA: 44, 47, 4 1 , 40: 47-64 59-63 ) [arth] ; [av�n'are Gr.Davies] �

Arth 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur, Arthe Flu: 1 57 8map C. Saxton, Arth 1 500-Yz Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Arth R 1 760map E .Bowen, Arth 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 3 8, Afon Arth OS 1 89 1 "Bernir bod i'r bon Arth-, Galeg

Arto-

'arth', mewn enwau personol fel Arthen,

Arthur, ystyr grefyddol dea Artio. Gwyddys bod addoli anifeiliaid yn beth cyffredin ymysg y Celtiaid. Felly, gall enw'r afon Arth, fel hefyd Yarty yn Lloegr, olygu 'afon yr arth gysegredig neu'r arth-dduw(ies)', " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 87]. For a list of Welsh hydronyms containing animal names, see R J. Thomas 1 93 8 p.52. Also cf. Aeron; see 1 86 8 B. Williams

Mewn Hen Wyddeleg yng ngeirfa Cormac ceir

art

'dia', h.y. duw, ac mewn Galeg

p . 3 6.

A berarth (44-a), Allt Craigarth (47-b), Dolarth (44-a), Dyffrynarth (47-a), Esgairarth (44-a), Llanddewi Aberarth (44-a), Penarth (47-a), Plow (41-a). - ( � Gwenffrwd (i): 4 1 : 59-59 � 57-59)[tn. [Mei]arth (41-a)] ; Associated toponyms:

Arth(ii)

Nant Arth OS 1 904

A secondary derivation from Meiarth (41-a). Awen - (� SEA: 1 7: 3 1 - 54 34-52)[awen]; �

Brook Rauen 1 840TMS Llangrannog, Nant Hawen OS 1 89 1 , Nant Hawe 0Sc. 1 950

Cwmawen (1 7-a), Cwmawen 1 646, the earliest instance of initial is in 1 840 [ 1 8401MS], cf. tn. Aberawen (Moylgrove, Pembs.), aber'owen, aber'awen [inf I. James] . " Nid yw ychwaith yn amhosibl nad enw person yw Awen, wedi lledu ar ei ben ei hun yn enw nant, . . . Heblaw Cilawen ger Dinbych-y-pysgod (Tenby) (Penf. ), ceir Cilawen c. 1 83 0 O. S.M , i'r deau-ddwyrain o Gil-y-maenllwyd (Caerf. ), ond Cil-Owen (sic) (O. S.M. ); hefyd, Dol Awen, Dol-Awen (O. S.M 6"), neu Dol Lawen yn Nant Ffrancon (Caem. ). A ddichon Blaen Awen [in Moylgrove, Pembs. ] fod yn gwtogiad o ffurf debyg i Blaen Anawen, gyda sillaf gyntaf ddiacen yr ail elfen wedi colli, gan ei thebyced i'r un flaenorol ? Y mae enw person Anawen, Anaugen, Lib.Land. 204, Hen Lydaweg Anauuen, lle geill y bon fod yr un a'r enw anaw 'golud, cyfoeth; rhodd'. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 04] . J. Rhys's supposition of an Irish derivation [ 1 904 in AC: 44] seems incorrect, " As to the little river Awen's name, that sounds to me very like the pronunciation of the Irish word for river, namely 'amhain', the equivalent of our 'cifon'. " The Breton hydronym Aven found in the tn Pondaven (Finistere), Pontaven 145 1 , may be cognate, B. Tanguy's interpretation [ 1 992: 1 77], due to a superficial similarity in form, is untenable: "D'un celtique *abonno-, d'ou procedent le gaulois abona, le gallois afon, le cornique auon et le moyen-breton auoun 'riviere', cet hydronyme est une variante de A on, nom breton de l'Aulne. " (Aon, also, does not derive from *abona, but from *amn-; cf. hn. Afn (G1ams.), usually pronounced Afan, due to svarabakhti in southern Welsh, and sometimes interpreted as afon, seemingly as early as 1 348, see 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p . 3 5 . There is a Breton word aven which means jaw'. Associated toponyms: Bronawen (17-a), Cwmawen ( 17-a). Barre -(� Ceri: 8: 34-49 � 37-49)[ ? ] ; [bare M Thomas] In the tn.

hn. Awen,

Nant Barre OS 1 89 1 , Barre 1 894 NLW MS 1 58 5 8-B p.3, Nant Barr 0Sc. 1 950

1 225

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

ffurf gynharaf oil [i. e. Blaen Barre 1 3 00%] mai Barre ydyw'r enw ac nad llygriad tafodieithol Barrei neu'r cyffelyb. Diamau bod y bon Barr- yn yr enw hwn i'w gysylltu a'r enw bar(r) 'pen, copa', Gwyddeleg barr, . . . Os dyna'r bon sydd yn yr enw hwn, odid nad -re � * gre (Lladin grex), fel yn yr enwau camre, gwerydre, nwyfre, ydyw'r terfYniad. . . . Gallasai'r nant hon gael yr enw oddiwrth y fro am fod ynddi lawer 0 dwyni neu grugiau. Gyda llaw, yn 61 pob tebyg, yn hollol anghysylltiol a'r enw dan sylw, ceir Barre fel enw sant o Wyddel a ddaeth ar yrnweliad a Dewi i Dyddewi " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 23] . It is possible that Barre is to be connected to the name Barry (Glams.), whose earliest forms were Barren, which soon under Anglo-French influence Barri, Barry; "As in other Welsh names early adopted by the Normans (see p. 3 1 0, below note 2), a final n has here been dropped. " [1 897 H. Owen: 3 .307]. A similar change may possibly have operated for Llangasty (Brees.), noted Langastay [1419 Penpont ii MSS], Llangaste [1740 T. Evans: xxvii] , "Y ffurfiau hynaf yw Llangasten a St. Castayn . . . "[1 967-70 M. Richards: 1 1 2] . Cf tn. Barre (SN 1 4- 1 4, Lampeter Velfrey, Pembs.), Dan y Barre 1 75 9, Dan y Barry 1 792 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 500] . R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 23] cites places in Wales with the element bar: Crug-y-bar (Carms.), Ffos-y-bar (Brees.), Maes-y-bar, Nant-y-bar (Glams.), Barrog (Denbs.), Barlwyd (Caerns., Mers.) " er mai Barllwyd a ddisgwylid" ; Benvyn [many examples, see below], and the pn. Barnvg [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 23]; hn. Barrog (SJ 08-24, Monts.) (1938 R. J. Thomas: 23; 1 985 G. G. Evans: 82] ; see 1 86 8 B . Williams p. 1 1 0. Cf hn. Nant Cwmbar (71-d). Associated toponyrns: Aberbarre (9-a), Blaenbarre (8-a), Cwmbarre (9-a), Cwmbarre-siop (8-a), Llainbarre (8-a). Bedw(i) -(--+ Ceri: 8, 1 8 : 34-49 3 8-50) [bedw] ; [a.T'bedu M. Thomas] "Prawf y

mono o

�

Afon Bedw 08 1 89 1 , Y Bedw 1 894 NLW MS 1 5 8 58-B p.3

Aberbedw (8-a), Blaenbedw (18-a), B1Jmbedw (8-a), Cwmbedw (8-a), Llainbedw (18-a),

Associated toponyrns:

Rhydfedw (1 8-a).

Bedw(ii) -(--+ Drywi: in£

2 1 : 42-59

Associated toponyrns:

Beidog -(--+

Wyre: 5 3 : 59-70

�

43 -59)[bedw] ;

Blaenbedw (21-a), Cwmbedw (21-a), Llwynbedw ? (22-a). 6 1 -68) [beidiog] ; [�' bi ·d ;:,g D. Rees]

�

Nant Beidog OS 1 89 1 , Afon Beidog OS 1 904

beidiog 'lady's mantle, ground ivy' (L. Alchemilla vulgaris), but also seems to be a personal­ bet beidauc rut (c. l 250 BBC: 40] . It is found in the township name Beydiok 1 334 (Denbs.) ( 1914 P. Vinogradoff & F. Morgan: 1 95], and seemingly in the mountain-name Y Feidiog (SH 77-32, TrawsfYnydd, Mers.). Associated toponyrns: Blaenbeidog (53-a), Brynbeidog (53-a), Llwynbedw (53-a), Maesbeidog (53-a), Pencwmbeidog (53-a). Beillen -(upper course of Gido: 22: 40- 5 6 40-54)[tn. [Rhyd-y-]beillen (22-a)] ; The term

name:

�

Afon Beillen 08 1 89 1

A secondary formation from Rhyd-y-beillen (22-a). Associated toponyrns: Ffinnant (22-a). Bern -(--+ Saith: 8: 28- 5 1 � 29-50) [ ? ] ; Bern >1 1 97( 1 324) cart. Tal-llychau, Beron 1 893 E . Owen p .46 Written Beren on old maps [inf

a).

cf Nanbern als. Tyr Nant y Pyrrion 1 782 (sub Glangraig, 17bern is 'grief, regret, sorrow' [GPC s.v. bern], however, one can bern both meaning 'heap', but Old Irish has bern meaning 'gap' [ GPC s.v. bern] .

M. Mathias];

In Welsh the meaning of the rare word

compare OC.

bern

and B.

The meaning 'concern, care' in both Breton and Cornish is the result of a semantic shift 'heap' --+ 'load' --+

K George [ 1 993 : 46]. Cwmbancau (8-a); Cwmbern (8-a), Dyff7Jmbern (8-a).

'load of care' --+ 'care' according to Associated toponyms:

Berwyn -(--+

Brennig(i): 3 3 : 69-59

�

74-57)) [berw + -yn] ;

'river' Berwin 1 750 Castlehill MSS, Berwin

R

1 760rnap E.Bowen, Berwyn R. 1 803map J. Singer,

Berwyn 1 80 8 S . R. Meyrick p. l 3 1 , River Berwin 1 8 1 8sur map, Berwyn Brook 1 832 Castle Hill MS 1 059, Nant Berwyn O S 1 834, Nant Berwyn 08 1 89 1 , Afon Berwyn O S 1 904 The lake

Llynferwyn (33-b),

Benvyn has Doethiau. This

though it lies close to the headwaters of the river

connection with the stream - it constituting the headwaters of the river

no physical leads us to

question whether Benvyn could originally have been the name of a nearby mountain, cf the element Benvyn - found in other place-names throughout Wales [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 23] - tends to be the names of physical features, the most prominent being the high mountain called Benvyn (Monts. I Mers.), and in the tn. Cefnbenvyn (Carmarthen, Carms.), Benvinhill [ 1 600 Trant MSS: 1 ], Kefen Benvyn [1 623 Trant MSS: 1 ] . I. Williams [1 945 : 3 1 ] surmised that Berwyn could be derived from bar 'summit' + gwyn 'white', which may suit the

1 226

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

mountain BeFWyn, but may not suit all examples of BeFWyn in Welsh toponymy. There is a personal-name Berwyn ( 1 945 I. Williams: 3 1 ], cf the early christian inscription of Llandawke (Carrns.) with Barrivendi and Vendabari (which names are attested as the Irish personal-names Barr.find and J;zndbarr [ 1 972b D. E. Evans: 184]). It is also feasible that this BeFWyn, referring as it does to hydronyms, should in fact be written *Berwin, with reference to the 'boiling', or 'foaming' of the waters, cf gerwin (� gaFW 'rough'), gwerthe.fin ( � gwarthaf 'uppermost'), llymin (� llwm 'bare') [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 1 98]). N. Carlisle's assertion [ 1 81 1 s.v. Caron] that Berwyn ran through Tregaron is likely to be a mistake, cf Brennig(i). Associated toponyms: Benvyn Villa (33-a), Cwmberwyn (33-a), Llynferwyn (33-b) . Bothau -(� Mon F:fynnonddewi: 1 8: 3 5-56 35-52)[tn. [Rhyd-y-]bothau (1 8-a)]; [bo:ee G. Jones] Nant Fothau 08 1 891 , a'r Nant Fothe 1 977 F.Jones introduction, Y Fothe 1 978 Cardi vol. 1 1 p. 5 A secondary formation from Rhyd-y-bothau (1 8-a). Bran(i) -(� Granell: 25: 5 1 - 5 1 49-54)[bnln] ; [(c) kum'bra:n name of a neighbourhood (cymdogaeth) M. Thomas] Brane c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Bran River 1 844TM8 Dihewyd, Nant Bran 08 1 891, Cwm Bran (area name) 1 983 Llais Aeron n. 5 6 "Dichon mai trosiadol ydyw arwyddocad yr elfen bran mewn enwau afonydd, gan gyfeirio at eu cyflymdra neu at liw'r d"Wr neu liw gwely'r afon. Ond gwyddys am y lliaws afonydd yng Nghymru sydd ag enwau creaduriaid arnynt; y mae hynny hefyd yn wir am Iwerddon a 8gotland. Gelwir afonydd ar enwau creaduriaid naill ai fel trosiad megis uchod neu am eu bod yn gyrchfan i ryw anifail yn fwy na'i gilydd neu oherwydd rhyw gysylltiad neu gyfeiriad chwedlonol neu oherwydd addoli'r anifail hwnnw fel anifail cysegredig. " [ 1 935 R. J. Thomas: 1 27-28]; a further explanation of bran as a hydronym is given by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 81 ] : "Byddai Brenig hefyd fel ffurf fachigol ar yr enw cyffredin bran yn eithaf priodol ar nant fechan a'i dwr yn dywyll neu'n gyflym neu'n syth ei rhediad. " H. Owen [ 1 936: 4. 377 78] notes other hydronyms Bran, though his Bran, a tributary of the Mwldan, is a ghost-form extracted from Glanbran (1 -a). Associated toponyms: Glanbran (26-a), Rhyd-y-.fran (25-a). Bran(ii) -(� Arth: 47: 53-62 5 5-60)[bran] ; Nant-Bran 08 1 834, Afon Bran 08 1 89 1 , Afon Bran 08c. 1 950 There is a possibility that this river-name is a back-formation from Glanbran (43 a). Associated toponyms: Pontbran (43-a), Pontbran (43-b). Bran(iii) -(� Rheidol: 63, 64: 63-80 62-79)(bran] ; inf Associated toponyms: Cwmbran (63-b). Brechan -(� Duwlas(ii): 29: 60-52 59- 53) (pn. Brychan]; inf This is most easily explained as a slight phonetic variant of the pn. Brychan; R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 42-43] notes a hn. Brochan (Monts.) which appears to be another variant of the same name; cf Bryn Brochan (Angl.) [ 1 908 E. R. Jones: 45] . Associated toponyms: Glanbrechan (29-a) . Brefi -(� Brennig(ii): 32: 66-55 71-54)[bref + -i] ; [brevi J. Davies, nant,kum'brevi (upper course) D. Jones(i)] Bremia >400(±1. 700) Ravenna Cosmography 1 0825 (R&C 54) in 1 979 PNRB p.462, Breui 1 539 J.Leland p. 57, Breuy Brooke 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 1 7, Brevi >1 765 L.Morris p.45, Afon Brefi 081 891 Whilst this is not the verb-noun brefo 'to bellow' [>1 765 L. Moms: 45] , it is the same root with the suffiX i "Tebyg y dylid cysylltu'r bon Bref- yn yr enw hwn a'r enw bref rhoch, rhu', berfenw brefo, o'r gwreiddyn * bhrem- a welir yn y Lladinjremo 'rhuaf. Diamau i'r afon gael yr enw am ei bod yn afon wyllt, ruadwy; cymharer GEIRON (Cered. ), IEITHON (Maesd. ), etc. Yr un bon, ond odid, sydd yn enwau'r afonydd Braan, Gaeleg Breamhain, yn Perthshire, 8gotland, ac yn Breamish yn Northumberland, Lloegr; hefyd, yr enw lie Brythoneg Bremenion (High Rochester yn Redesdale) gan Ptolemy. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 130] ; for the name of its lower reaches, see sub Brennig(ii). E. P. Hamp [1 988 BBCS : 35.53] has explained the difference between Bremia and Bremenio as due to an oblique n-stem in the latter. Associated toponyms: Blaenbre.fi (32-b), Cae-castell (32-b), Cwmbre.fi (32-a), Llanddewi Bre.fi (32-a). Brennan -(� Pylli: 62: 64-75 64-76)[*bren- + -an]; �

�

-

�

-

�

�

�

-

'

�

inf

1227

.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

The superficial similarity of this name to the E. -I . sn.

Brennan is misleading, this appears to be a derivative -an of the obsolete word * bren (cf Brennig(i), d); cf Rhyd-y-frenna (Clydai, Pembs.), Blaen y Vrenan 1 5 52, Blaen y Vrennan, Rhyd Vrena 1 670, Nantfrena 1 794 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 372]; cf Wernfrena (SN 72-29, Llangadog, Carms. ). Associated toponyms: Brennan (62-a). Brennig(i) - (--+ Teifi: 3 3 : 67-5 8 69-59)[*bren- + -ig]; in

�

Brennyg Flu: 1 578map Saxton, Brennyng 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, River Brenig 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.282, Brennig River 1 8 1 8sur map, Brenig OS 1 834, Afon Brennig OS 1 904, Y Brenig 1 943 NLW MS ex. 1 01 5 The most obvious derivation of this hydronym in present-day Welsh is as a derivative in

-ig of bran [ 1906: 3. 160; 1 936: 4.78] (and indeed the hns. Bran(i), and Erthig could be compared) . R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 81 ] discussed this name extensively: "Anodd penderfynu pa un ai Brenig ai Brennig ydyw ffurf wreiddiol yr enw uchod. Os Brenig, fel yr ymddengys yn debygol am Bren(n)ig (Dinb.), yna gellir cydio'r bon Bren- (drwy affeithiad i) wrth yr enw bran neu'r enw personol Bran, sy'n digwydd yn dra chyffredin, yn enwedig yn y Deau, fel enw nant Bran . . . , ac yn gyfansawdd yn Branddu (Caerf ; Trefn.), Gwenfran, Gwenfron (Maesd. ). At hynny, y mae'r ffaith bod Bren(n)ig (Dinb. ) yn tarddu yn Llyn Bran, Lhyn-bren c. 1 700, Lhuyd Paroch. 1. 1 5 1 , gyda Gorsedd Bran, Gorredh y vran (sic) c. 1 700, op. et loc. cit , gerllaw, yn cadarnhau'r cysylltiad a'r enw personol Bran. Yn ol pob tebyg, yr un Bran a goffeir yma ag yn yr enw personol Cradawc uab Bran o Seith Marchawc yn Edeirnon (ym Mabinogi Branwen ), sef Bryn Saith Marchog (Meir. ) rhwng Rhuthun a Chorwen, P.K.M. 1 9 1 . " The spelling Brenic [>1200cart. Aberconwy: 1 47] suggests Brenig rather than Brennigm, and R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 8 1 ] compares OW.pn Brenic (c. 1 100(1200) Uita Cadoci: 1 26], "ffurf fachigoL yn 61 pob tebyg, ar Bran." As we see from R J. Thomas's above discussion, the connection with bran seems vindicated by the fact that Llynbran is the source of the Denbighshire Brennig brenjg [inf. E. Mortimer, Llansannan], Brenic [> 1 200 cart. Aberconwy: 147]. However, at the present-day Llynbran is pronounced Llyn Llymbren hn'lambren [inf. E. Mortimer, Llansannan] (a form evidenced as long ago as c. l 700 by E. Lhuyd), so that we must suspect Llyn bran of being a popular reanalysis of Llyn Llymbren. There is another Llyn Llymbren written Llyn Lliwbran on OS maps (SH 87-91 , Llanuwchllyn, Mers.) [ 1989 s. Jones: 2 4] (H. Owen [ 1 892 : 1.202 ; 1 906: 3 . 1 60] was aware of the proper names of these two lakes, though he mistakenly wrote the vowel of the last syllable: Llyn Llymbran). It seems to me that there exists a better etymology than those postulating a connection with bran, R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 1 8 1 ) came close, but rejected it: " Y mae enw brennig 'llygaid meheryn', math o gregyn, ond nid yw'n debyg y byddai hwnnw'n addas fel enw ar nant. Hefyd a ddichon Brennig fod yn ffurf fenywaidd neu amrywiol ar yr ansoddair brynnig, brynnic 'drewllyd, budr'?" The word brennig 'limpets' (B. brennig, brinnig, C. brennik, I. bairneach) is derived from by Vendryes [B-9] from the 01. bairenn, boirenn 'rock, rocky area', which has given its name to the stony area called the Burren (Co. Clare). If we understand the names of 'limpets' in Brittonic to be derived from a word cognate to OI. bairenn, boirenn 'rock', and originally simply meaning 'crow', with affectation of the voweL which was H. Owen's conclusion

'rocky, stony' (which I believe is a fair description of the shells of limpets), then we can postulate that the original sense of brennig 'rocky, stony' was suitable for a stony river. It happens that both rivers

Brennig

in Cardiganshire are particularly pebbly, which is unsurprising as they represent the lower stretches of those particular streams where the gradient

is nearest the horizontal

However, it is tempting to derive the

forms of the cognates of brennig in the Brittonic languages, as a suffix added to the term

bron 'breast', hn. Brennig (Brees.), which through dissimilation of Aberbrennig to Aberennig has given the back-formation Ennig [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 81 ] ; and it seems to be contained in the microtoponym (c) Llainbrenig (Blaencwmcou, 30-a) 'a narrow little piece (tamaid) of land' [ 1 945 PlwyfCellan: 20]; see 1 868 B. Williams p. 1 40. Associated toponyms: Glanbrennig (33-a). Brennig(ii) �(� Teifi: 32: 64-54 66-55)[*bren- + -ig]; [ma·r'bremg J. Davies] Brennig 1 79 1 sur map, Brenning 1 807 Derry Ormond MSS, Brenig OS 1 834, (c) Cae Aberbrenig which aptly describes the shape of limpets. There is another

�

1 83 9TMS, 'on Ddolepelin Common near the' River Brenig 1 85 7MR Llanddewi Bre:fi vol.2 p. 46, Brefi OS I 89 1 , Afon Brennig OS 1 904 This is the name of the lower reaches of the Brefi. According to an old map the the bridge at Llanddewi

as

far

as

Brennig(ii) goes above Pont Rhyd-y-cyrff (32-b) [1791 sur map]; whilst a more recent map [OS1891 ]

shows the

Brefi as the name o f the river below the bridge. According to local tradition the name change Brennig(ii) is in all respects the river Breji, and has the same name and situation as the nearby Brennig(i) of Caron parish has led to doubts as to the name: occurs at the bridge at Llanddewi Brefi. The fact that

1 228

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms Brenig yw enw yr afon hon; ond mae yn annhebyg o fod yn gywir, gan mai Brenig yw [ 1 868 B. Williams: 1 40]. However, the field-name (c265) Cae A berbrennig [ 18411MS] at the mouth of the river (SN 64-54), as well as Glanbrennig (32-a), attested as early as 1 785 makes the name appear genuine enough. The site of Cae-castell (32-b) - whose ancient name was Bremia (i. e. MnW. Brefi) - lies on the banks of the river Teif:t, not in the vicinity of the river Brefi. An explanation for this may lie with an original course of the river Brefi which flowed on the N side of the hill of Garth (32-a) to Cae-castell, but in historic times the course of the river Brennig(ii) capted the Brefi river at Llanddewi Brefi (3 2-a) . This sounds rather dramatic, but there is not much in the way of topographic impediment to the flow of the Brefi river N rather than s near Llanddewi Brefi village, such a change of course should "Dywed rhai mai

enw afon Tregaron. "

also be relatively straightforward for geologists to confirm or refute. An historic change of course would have the advantage of explaining the name Bremia at the site of Cae-castell, as well as the different name of the lower course of the present-day river

Breji being due to it having been - at one time - an

independent river. Associated toponyms : Glanbrennig (32-a). Briannau - (--+ Tywi: 3 2 : 79-48 � 77-50)[breuannau ?] ; [nantpe'rjane Ll. Jones, nanta'branje p. c. Daf)rdd Davies (Rhandirmwyn), on the map (sic) J. Lewis]

N. Jones,

bri'ane

Gwl. Jones,

Nant Brianne OS 1 89 1

Briannau stands for 'Nant-y-bryniau' i s contradicted by the local plural o f bryn, brynnau which has not got jod, e.g. brane [inf J. Jones] . Furthermore the sense 'brook of the hills' would hardly be very distinctive one in this area. In any case the local pronunciation is nantpe'rjane, from The supposition that

which it has been supposed (somewhat improbably) that there were woollen ffatris on its banks [inf. L1.

Pyllau-peiriannau (Aberdaron, Caerns.) [ 1 990 Ddolen: 1 39], and Pwllpeiran (61-a), in Briannau - in southern Welsh a form such as *nantpej'rane or *nantpe'rane would have been expected; cf Prian ( 12-a). Basing myself on the map form, Brianne, I posit that it is the plural of breuant a obsolete word for 'neck, throat, windpipe', found in OW. as brouannou [GPC s.v. breuant] . Its Irish cognate braid is found in Irish toponymy, "Braade . . . I Braid, the, in Antrim: applied to the deep glen through which the river flows. Braghad, (braud), a gullet or gorge. " [1 870 P. w. Joyce: 34]. This usage reminds one of F. gorge. It is rather

Jones] . A

connection with

both of which refer to agitated waters, is unlikely due to the jod, before

impracticable to check the local topography as most of Briannau is now underwater, since the building of

Coif Briannau, which seems A mountain-name based on the same root appears to be Briannog (SO 1 922, Crickhowell, Brees.), noted B1yniog on OS maps, but Breannog Mountain [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Crilg Hywel], Brianog [ 1837 NLW MS 13960-E: 39a], probably alluding to its position vis-a-vis the adjoining mountain or the Llyn Briannau dam. But the old map shows a wood on its banks called

to confrrm a gorge-like feature.

the valleys. Associated toponyms:

Brouan -(--+

Coifbriannau (32-b), Llynbriannau (32-b ).

Teifi: 79, PEMBS. ; 1 8-45

�

1 5- 3 9) [breuan] ;

Braian 1 1 00-3 5( 1 3 45 ) in 1 907 E.RPritchard p. 46,

(c)

Dyfrebreuan 1 326 in 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 4 1 ,

RB H Poetry 1 3 49. 1 & 1 3 56. 1 8, (c) Diffrin Breyan 'parts the hundreds of Cemais and Cilgerran'

Bruan 1 3 3 2 i n 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 4 1 , (bn.) Prydyd Breuan 1 300"14 'brooke' Bryan 1 603 G. Owen vol. 1 p. 1 02,

1 603 G. Owen vol. l p. 1 02, Braian 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, 'brook' Broyan 1 6 1 2 EEW MSS , Broyan Brook 1 760map E.Bowen, The River Piliau als. Broyan Brook 1 867 J.R Phillips p. 6, Mon Piliau OS 1 89 1 I f breuan refers t o a gorge, i t probably refers t o the gorge about Penralltddu

(Llantood) and Gaer (SN 1 7-42, Cilgerran), immediately west of which lies the farm PenrhiH! Brouan. 'Which in those parts divides between Emlyn and Cemais. ' [ 1 100-35 in 1 907 E. R. Pritchard: 46] . Cf Melinjrouan, Penrhiw Brouan (Pembs. ) ; Trefrouan (Llanarthne, Carms.); Bron Freian (OS 1 834), near Cefn-mawr and Waun, i. e. ?= Fron (SJ 27-40) [1 93 8 R. l Thomas: 4 1 ] . "Nid yw'n debyg bod yr enw hwn i'w gysylltu a'r enw breuan 'melin law'. Ceir enw person Breuan (� ansoddair brau 'egwan; ? parod, hael'), . . . I Neu hwyrach bod Breu- yr un ag a welir yn yr ansoddair breuer '? croch, soniarus', G. 76. " [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 41, 42] but this is hardly sufficient evidence for a personal-name Breuan. R J. Thomas [1 938: 42] adds: "Gyda llaw, yn T.G. G. ( 1 907-08), 97, rhoir broian 'nant, basddwr', fel un o eiriau tafodiaith Dyfed, ac yn y Cyneirlyfr, i. 1 29, rhoir i air breuan (? am breian) yr ystyr 'golchiad y don' (crych y llanw). " For the meaning of piliau, see sub Pil-bach (1 8-a), cf Pilau (1-a). Brwyno(i) - (--+ Claerwen: 34: 83-65 80-64)[pn. Brwyno ]; [av:m'tejraH, tejraH G. Edwards, brujno E. & E . Edwards, E. Davies, E. Rees, a'brujno E . Davies] �

1 22 9

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Brwyno c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 50, Frwinog Pill 1 809 Nanteos fpls. , Frwinog Brook 1 8 1 8sur map, Brwynog OOS 1 82 1 , Brwynog OS 1 834, River Brwyno 1 843TMS, Frwynog Brook 1 847TMS Llanwrthw� Nant Brwynog OS 1 89 1 , i Frwyno 1 959 E.Jenkins p. 47, Nantbrwynog 1 988 C.Fychan p.298 From the pronunciation (see also Cefnbrwyno, 34-b) it can be seen that the forms in are a secondary addition: "Y mae tuedd i'r gytsain -g dyfu wrth -o yn yr enw hwn, . . . ; yr un duedd sydd ar waith yn yr enwau CEIDIO (Meir.), LLWYDO (Trefu ) isod, ac fe geir bod gw)'r y mapiau yn dra chwannog i roi'r g yn gyn:ffon hyd yn oed pan na bo ar lafar. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 2 1 8-1 9]; also cf hn. Bacho (Monts.) [ 1 934 R. J. Thomas: 126]; Machno (d). It is tempting to equate this hydronym with brwyn 'rushes', as it does cross open mountainland [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 21 8], though the -o suffix cannot be explained. There is an exact cognate to this river-name in the pn. Bruyno Hir [c.l 250 BBC: 41 ] . The personal-name BtWyno is composed of 1 ) bnvyn attested in the pn. Bruin o Bricheinauc [c. 1250 BBC: 38], who gave his name t o Brwynllys (Brees.) [1938 R. J. Thomas: 218] , Broynles [c.1 191 Gir.JK: 3 1 ] . "Dichon y dylid cydio'r bOn Bnvyn- yn yr enw person wrth yr enw a'r ansoddair bnvyn 'tristwch; trist'," [1938 R. J. Thomas: 2 1 8]. The bnvyn meaning 'sorrow' is not of the same origin as the bnvyn meaning 'rushes'; 2) -o or gno. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 2 1 9] says: "Ni ddylid . . . ddiystyru'r posibilrwydd fod Brwyno yn symleiddiad o *Brwynoe, amrywiad ar *Bnvynwy, gyda'r ddeusain -oe --+ -o, W.G. 1 1 3; arnrywiad arall ar *BlW)lnwy fyddai Brwyneu, fel yn yr ach Cwyfen fab Brwyneu Hen, L.B. S. ii.20 1 ". The newer name Teirallt is a textbook example of a noted spot on - or near - a river giving the name of the whole course of the river. Associated toponyms: Aberbnvyno (34-b), Cefnbrwyno (34-b). Brwyno(ii) - (--+ Afon Cymerau(i): 78 : 70-96 72-95)[pn. Brwyno] ; Afon Brwyno O S 1 89 1 The upper course of Brwyno is called Nant-y-waunddofn. Associated toponyms: Bnvyno (78-a). Brwyno(iii) -(� Melindwr: 70: 69-81 � 7 1 -80)[pn. Brwyno] ; Nant Cwrnbrwyno 1 834map W.Morgan, Nant Brwyno O S 1 904 Associated toponyms: Cwmbrwyno (70-a), Llididiardbrwyno (70-b), Pwll-y-biiffald (70-a). Bwch -(� Collen: 1 3 : 35-46 36-47) [bwch]; inf Associated toponyms: Blaenbwch (13-a), Cwmbwch (13-a). Bwdram -(� Gloewon: 1 8: 42-49 39-49)[bwdran] ; (c) Parke Rhose y Bwdran 1 697/98 D. T.M. Jones MSS vol.4 p. 763, Bwdram OS 1 904 From the form of 1 697/98, the river-name appears to be a secondary formation from Rhos-y-bwdran 'gruel moor' (i. e. a sludgy moor), cf Rhos-y-biswail (43-b). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 42-43] compares Nantbwdram (LlanwrthwL Brees.) to other hydronyms which refer to the consistency of the water, though here again the adjoining hill is called Esgairbwdram eskw'budram (SN 83-63, Llanwrthwl, Brees.) [inf. E. Davies] and may be the original referent bwdran qualified, cf Drumbrochan 'porridge, gruel ridge' (Scotland) [ 1926 W. J. Watson: 1 99] . Cadwyn - (--+ Aeron: 40: 6 1 -59 � 60-62)[cadwyn] ; (c) Cae Cadwyn 1 79 1 sur map, Nant Cadwyn OS 1 89 1 , Nant Cadwn OS 1 904, Nant Cadwin 0Sc. 1 950, Nant Cadwn 1 963 T.I.Ellis p.25, Nant Cadwyn OS 1 982 The name of this stream is likely to be figurative equation of the stream's course to a 'chain'. The comparison of river meanders to the links of a chain is apparent in the terms dol 'meadow' and do/en 'meander', whose original meaning was 'link'; cf Nant-y-gadwen (SH 21-26, Rhiw, Caerns.). Associated toponyms: Cadwyn Villa (40-a), Glancadwyn (40-a). Camddwr(i) -(--+ Tywi: 34, 32: 80-49 - 75-58)[cam + dWr-] ; [kami)ur Gwl. Jones] Camdur 1 1 84(1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Camdouyr 1202(1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Caendewr 1279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p. 301 , Candubr c. 1 286 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 27, Kamowr 1 3002/4 BT(Pen.20) p.21 , Kamdwr 1 300% BT(RBH TJ) p.28, Camdur c. 1 475 BS p.46, Camddwr R 1 760map E.Bowen, Camddwr R 1 803map J. Singer, R Camddwr OOS 1 82 1 , Camddwr OS 1 89 1 The upper course of Camddwr(i) i s called Nant Llethrbrith. 'Byddai Mr.Richard, Tregaron, yn dweyd ei fod ef ar geffyl yn rhydio Carnddwr naw o weithiau rhwng y Ffrwd a Soar. Felly yr oedd bedwar ugain a chan rnlynedd yn ol ' [ 1 9 1 2 Cymru: 42.204]. Other attestations of the hydronym Camddwr are: Cam Dubr [c.850 Chad 4: xlv] refers to the stream now known as Camnant �

�

�

1 230

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Cywarch (Dinasmawddwy, Mers.). In Brittany there is a (Poullaouen, Finistere) . Associated toponyms : Abercamddwr (32-a), Blaencamddwr (33-b), Castellcamddwr (32-b), Cwmcamdchvr (e), Ffrwd-ar-Gamddwr (32-a). Camddwr-fach -(� Teifi: 56: 69-64 66-68) [cam + dWI- (+ bach)] ; (Llan-y-crwys, Canns.); Camddwr a tributary to

the river

stream wherein the elements are not inversed, namely An Dourkamm

�

Camdur wechan 1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Camddwr vach 1 620 Nouadd M8 8 , Camdwr bach > 1 765 L.Morris p. 72, Gaing R 1 760map E.Bowen, Gavig R 1 765map E.Bowen et a!. , Camddwr filch 0 8 1 89 1 Associated toponyms :

Camddwr-fawr -(�

Cwmcamddwr (56-a), Maescamddwr (56-a).

Teifi: 3 3 , 5 5 : 57-62

�

6 1 -68)[cam + dWt-];

Camduvour 1 1 8 1-82( 1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Camdur waur, Camdur 1 1 84( 1 2 85) cart. Ystradftlur, Kamddwr Ddv 1 50()2/z Cwrt-mawr

MS

44, Y Camddwr mawr > 1 765 L.Morris p. 72, Canddwr 1 760map

E.Bowen, Caddwr R 1 765map E. Bowen et a/. , Camddwr 08 1 891 Associated toponyms :

Camdwr(ii)

Blaencamdchvr (55-a), Pantcamdchvr (55-a), Pont-ar-Gamdchvr (33-a). � 73-90)[cam + dWt-]; [av;:m'kamdur J. J. Morgan, av�n.d�l'r;}lan av�n.d�l'r�lan, av�n.d�l'hr�lan E. Humphreys]

-(� Rheidol: 72, 76: 75-86

James,

E.

Kamdur 1 284 CalChartR p. 28 1 , Kamdur, Karedigiaun 1 3 22 CalChartR p.43 9, R Camddwr 1 803 map J. Singer, Camdwr 'so called from its meandering form' 1 808 8 . R Meyrick p. 1 42, Nant Rhyddlan 08 1 834, Afon Dolrhyddlan 1 8 59map Gogerddan n.24, River Camddwr 1 860>map Genau'rglyn, River Camddwr 1 872Encl. map Genau'rglyn, Nant Rhyddlan 1 8002f2map Dolrhuddlan, Afon Camddwr, Nant Rhyddlan 08 1 89 1 , Afon Camdwr 08 1 904, Nant Rhuddlan 08 1 982 The lack of lenition of seems irregular, it could be explained by the assimilation of [-m6-]

�

[-n6-],

with a subsequent delenition to [-nd-], but neither the pronunciation nor the spellings show instead of as does

Camddwr(i)

occasionally,

Caendewr

1 279,

Candubr

c. 1 286. The phenomena of

assimilation and delenition as described above make it difficult to ascertain without older forms whether

hn. Canchvr (Llanfrechfa, Mons.) was originally Camddwr, or whether it is a similar composition, but with can 'white'. The name Afon Dolrhuddlan, named after Dolrhuddlan (76-a), seems to refer only to its upper reaches, whilst the very uppermost part is called Nantdu(ii); cf Afon Llechweddmor (d). Associated toponyms: Abercamdwr (72-b), Camdwr-bach (76-a), Camdwr-biti (72-a), Camdwr-mawr (72-a). Camel -(� Aeron: 43 : 49- 59 53-61 ) [cam + ? ]; the

the element

�

Nant Camel 08 1 904

cam 'curved', as in the hns. Camddwr (d), Camnant (d), Camlo (d), Camen (SO 12-94, so 04-14, Monts.) [ 1 985 G. G. Evans: 87 ] . The second element could be ail 'weave', cf Cejail (d). Associated toponyms : Blaencamel (43-a). Camlo - (� Ceri: 1 0: 32-45 32-46)[ ? ] ; (c) Gwern Gamlo, Tir y Werne 1 650sur, Camlo 1 894 NLW MS 1 5858-B p. 3 , Camlo 1 926 WFM M8 This contains the adjective

�

1 650/1 6, Camlo 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p. 9 Explained as

[ 1 938: 2 1 9]

cam

and

!law,

"am ei bod yn gam fel llaw"

[ >1891 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.363 ) . R J. Thomas -llo (� -!law), -lo mewn amryw enw

thinks it may be a personal-name: "Digwydd elfen

personau fel

Cadlo, Crallo, Cynllo, Trillo, etc. , lle gellir tybio ei bod yn gytras a'r Lladin lupus; gyda Lupa fel enw Galeg ar nifer o afonydd, heddiw le Loing, La Louve, Ia Loue, la Love yn (Holder). " � cf hn. Camlo (Rads.).

llaw, digwydd Ffrainc

Camnant(i) -(� Cletwr(ii):

1 4: 44-45

�

45-46)[cam + nantL

Camnant > 1 265(1 324) cart. Tal-llychau Associated toponyms : Camnant (14-a). Camnant(ii) -(upper course ofMaesmor: 76: 7 1 -87

�

72- 89)[cam + nant] ;

Cam Nant c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn, Nant Camnant 1 859map Gogerddan n. 24, River Maes mawr 1 872Encl map Genau'rglyn Though the valley below Magwyrcamnant

(76-a) is a perfect demonstration of cam 'crooked' as applied to Camnant ftrst referred to the valley or stream. That Camnant could be a stream-name is proven by the examples of Camnant (14-ad) Camnant (Llan-y-crwys, Canns.), thought to have originally been named Cam Dubr [ c.850 Chad 4: xlv]. One way to distinguish the one sense of nant from the other is to compare whether there are 'crooked' valley sides or 'crooked' meanders (though it is quite likely in many cases that both exist). The Camnant, an alias of Troedrhwch (12-a), might refer to a valley as the adjoining river is called Hownant.

a valley, it is not absolutely certain whether

1 23 1

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Associated toponyms: Magwyrcamnant (76-a). Cannog -(--+ Aeron: 27: 49-59 49-57)[can + - og] ; Nant Faen OS 1 89 1 This seems to be a derivative o f can 'white' a s in Cannaid (Glams.). However, a derivative of cant 'edge, rim' is not to be discounted. Associated toponyms: Blaencannog (27-a), Bwlch Blaencannog ? (44-a), Glanfaen (27-a). Carfan - (--+ Teifi: 32: 66-57 69-56)[carfan]; Carnan 1 326 BBSt-David p.202, Carvan 1 620 Hendrefelen MSS, River Carven 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant Carfan OS 1 834, Nant Carfan OS 1 834 R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 47-50] notes a number of other rivers named Caifan, as well as a Breton hn. Karvan (Tregmvan, Finistere) [ 1990 B. Tanguy: 222] . There is a possibility that Caifan here has the usual local meaning 'heap' - cf hn. Cam (Mons.), Pen-y-gaifan (32-b), though this appears to be a secondary meaning of caifan, the primary meaning being 'frame' [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 49; GPC s.v. carfan]. In BBCS [ 1 921 : 1 .1 2-14] caifan is derived from a suffixed form of *karb-, a cognate of L. corbis 'basket', I. coirb 'wagon'. The meaning 'frame' appears unsuitable for a river-name but R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 49] ventures that through another secondary meaning 'side (of a frame)' it may refer to some sort of boundary, comparing it with the hn. Bargod (Canns.). Perhaps caifan was given as a name to all these streams as they were 'framed' by steep banks, cfhn. Corf (d), from coif a cognate term. Though J. Morris-Jones [ 1 9 1 3 : 1 65] (followed by R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 49]) ventured the Britt.pn. Corbagni as an archaic form of a Welsh personal-name Caifan, I do not believe Caifan is independently attested as a personal-name in Welsh, and the river­ name Caifan is too common to be explained as due to a personal-name. A possible derivation of the hns. Caifan from the related CC. * karbant- by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 49] is unlikely as there are no forms which hint at a . Associated toponyms: Abercaifan (32-a), Bwlch Blaencaifan (32-b), Cwmcaifan (32-a), Glancaifan (32-a), Pontcaifan (32-b ), Rhosgmjcm (32-b). Carrog -(--+ Wyre: 50: 54-69 58-72)[ carrog] ; [av:m'kar:)g T. Morgan] Carrog R OS 1 834, Carrog River OS 1 89 1 , Mon Carrog OS 1 904 This is a common name for Welsh streams, e.g. hn. Carrog (Llanwnda, Caerns.; Aberhosan, Monts.); Afonwen (Caerns.), was originally Karroc [>1 200 cart. Aberconwy: 1 33]; Carrog (SH 43-72, Llangristiolus, SH 37-91, Llanfechell, Angl.; SH 21-33, Llangwnnadl, Caems.); Carrog Dingle (SO 16-62, Llandeglau, Rads.); Carrog kar�g [inf] (SJ 13-42, Llidiard-y-parc, Mers.); Dolgarrog (SH 77-66, Trefriw, Caems.); Bryncarrog (prox. Bodelwyddan, Flints.) [ 1 959 E. Davies: 16] . I . Williams [ 1 945: 54] has this to say on the etymology: "Carrog, enw pur gyffredin am nant gyflym ei rhediad, 'torrent.' Daw o'r un gwreiddyn a carr (a'r Lladin curro 'rhedaf), a'r terfyniad -awg, -og, fel yn 'rhedeg-og,' cf. cyfieithiad cynnar o Salm 1 26, 4. Ymchwel, Arglwydd, ein caethiwedig, megis carrog yn nehau craig (= fel yr ajonydd yn y dehau): 1 10, 7, o garrawg ydd (= yr) yf ddiawd (= efe a yf o'r ajon): yn un o lyfrau Rossier Smyth (1 6 1 5), mae pobl yn marw o'r pia, a'r gwaed "yn phrwdio o'i phroenau mor greulon gan ddyferu ddydd a nos fel carrog. " ; cf. Test. Newydd William Salesbury "y carrog Cedron", car + carrog = afon rhedegog a chyflym [1912 Geninen: 30. 1 05-06] ; "Carrog is otherwise only known as an old Welsh word for a brook," [1936 H. Owen: 4.550] . The meaning given Carrog by L. Morris in 1 757 [ 1 947 H. Owen: 1 .306] viz. "a Charrog oddiwrth ei gwely carregog", and by J. Lloyd-Jones [ 1 928: 97-98], " . . . ansoddair +-- *Karrako-: *Karr-, gwraidd carreg, felly caregog, " - is suggested by carreg 'stone', but is feasible. To this meaning J. Lloyd-Jones compared I. carrach 'scabbed, mangy; stony rocky'. Vendryes [C-43] also thought the W. carrog 'torrent' derived from '(stream) full of stones'. Note also a saint Carroc in Brittany and Cornwall ( 1 908 J. Loth: 240) . Associated toponyms: Blaencarrog (51-a), Carrog (51 -a), Glancarrog (50-a), Greigwen (54-a), Hen-Garrog (5 1-a), Llanddeinoel (51 -a), Melin Carrog (5 1 -a). Castell -(--+ Rheidol: 7 1 : 74-80 79-83)[castell]; Castle R 1 760map E.Bowen, River Castell 1 747map L.Morris, Castell R 1 803map J. Singer, Castle River 1 862 G. Borrow p.26 1 , Mon Castell OS 1 89 1 , Mon Gastell 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. l l 8 Probably owes its name to the remains at Llysarthur (71-b). Associated toponyms: Do/castell (71-a), Dyffryncastell (7 1-a), Glancastell (71-a). Cefail -(--+ Cerdin: 1 4: 40-44 42-45)[ ? ] ; Keveil >1265( 1 324) cart. Tal-llychau, Nant Cefel OS 1 904 �

�

�

-

�

�

1232

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Trecefail (33-a), Castellcefail als. Hen-Goedmor (3-a), though not hn. Gefel (Tirabad, Brees.), Gewel [c.1250 BBC : 3 9 ] , Cabergeue/ 1 3 1 6- 1 7 [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.366] which is the word gefel 'tongs, pincers', and thus almost certainly unconnected with the element *cefail. The word cefail may be connected to the word cyfail 'twisted together', edau cyfail (Carms.), the same as edau cardeddog (Glarus. ) [ 1 770-1 820 I. Morg.: 209], or with the mining term cefel 'clefft', e.g. cefel galed (Cwmdulais, Glams.) [ 1 932 c. B. H. Lewis : 86] ; cf. Camel (d). Its similar sound to the root of the territorial name Cyfeiliog was noted by H. Owen [1 936: 4.369] : " . . . Cyfeiliog, which seems to be derived from a personal-name Cyfeil or Cyfel, a variant of the Cefeil preserved in Tre-cefel, near Tregaron, and in Cefel the name of a tributary of the Cardiganshire Cerdin, . . . ", though later H. Owen [ 1936: 4. 598] concluded that Cyfeiliog was a personal-name (probably due to the misidentification with the personal-name Cyfeilliog ( 1 9 1 1 J. E. Lloyd: 332]). D. M. Ellis [ 1 935: 763-{)5] rightly dismissed any connection with the pn Cyfeilliog since cannot be accounted for in Cyfeiliog, and derived Cyfeiliog from a pn. *Cyfael (� *ko-magl-os) with the territorial suffix -iog (however, his derivation of the personal-name would have given MnW. *Cymael and not * Cyfael [GPC s.v. cym- , cy(m)-]). The once supposed Breton name cognate to W. *Cymael, composed of CC. com- + mag!-, assumed to be found in the tn. Tregomel is no longer assured. The name Tn}gomel was the older Breton name of Sant Karadeg (F. St Caradec Tregomel, Morbihan) [I. Loth in 1 9 14 RC : 35.276, and 1 923 RC: 40.34-35; 1 940 W. B. s. Smith: 25], Sanctus Caradocus 1 273, Tregoume/ 1 3 87, S. Caradec a Tregomael 1 428, Tregomel 1 442 [ 1 995 E. Vallerie: 2. 1 84] - however it is more likely that -gomel is a fossilised form of the B. pn. Konvel (W. Cynfael), to which we can compare archaic forms of the Breton pn. Konver (W. Cynfor) in Tregomeur (Cotes-d'Arrnor) [ 1992 B. Tanguy: 331-32] (a French-speaking area), and in the "semi-learned" form Comor(e) [I. Loth 1 923 RC : 40.33]. It is possible that Cyfelach in Llangyfelach (Glams.) is related to cyfail/cefail (H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.369, 598] thought Cyfelach was the Irish form of Cyfeiliog or CY.feilliog, which is unlikely). Associated toponyms: Abercefail (14-a), Blaencefail (14-a), Cefeilau ( 14-a), Cwmcefeilau (14-a), Gwarcefail (14-a). Ceibwr -(-+ SEA: 8 1 , PEMBS.; 1 0-45 1 4-4 1 ) [caib + -wr]; Kewber 1 3 9 1 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Keybur 1 586 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Keibur 1 5 86 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Kibwr c. 1 600 in 1 897 H.Owen vol 2 p. 508 (BGCh), Kybur c. 1 600 in 1 897 H. Owen vol 2 This element is also found in the tns.

with the

�

p. 506 (BGCh), Kybwr 1 603 G Owen vol. l p. 1 0 1 (BGCh), Keyboor c. 1 603 NLWJ vo1. 5 p. 268 (BGCh), (tn) Y Ty bach or lan Keibwr 1 6 1 4 Bronwydd MSS (BGCh), Nant Ceibwr 08 1 891

B. G. Charles's interpretation comparison with the

[1 992 PN Pembs: 6]

hn. Pibwr

of the name as a derivative of

Cibwr (Glams.) the name of a Glamorganshire commote of obscure [ 1 926: 46-47] attempts at a Germanic etymology does not convince me).

reminiscent of Paterson

Ceilog(i) -(-+

caib

Mydr: 26 : 47-56

�

'hoe', and the

(Canns.) seems judicious; see 1 864 H. J. Vincent p. 3 1 0. The name is

derivation (D.

R.

48-55) [ceiliog] ;

inf J. D . Davies hn. Ceilog (Llanllwni, Carms.). Associated toponyms: Dyffrynceilog (27-a). Ceilog(ii) -(-+ Awen: 1 7: 3 3-54 � 34-54) [ceiliog] ; inf. It may be that Ceilog is but a back-formation from the place-names. Associated toponyms: Cefnceilog (17-a), Cwmceilog ( 1 7-a). Ceiro(i) -(-+ Rheidol: 7 1 : 74-82 76-82)[pn. Ceirio]; Nant Cil-llwch 08 1 89 1 , Nant Cil-llwch 08 1 982, Ceilog Cf

�

Nantceilo 1 795map D. Davies, Nantcerio c. 1 850map Perfedd, Nant Cairo 08 1 89 1 , Nant Carie 1 924-26

CSRLS

56, Nant Ceiro 08 1 904

Cf OW.pn.

Ceriau [c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 56, 1 76, 1 87]

and

Trefceriav,

now Llanfthangel Tal-y-llyn (Brees.)

167, 237]. Associated toponyms:

Ceiro(ii) - (--4 inf

Aberceiro (71-a), Ceiro (71 -a), Cwmceiro (71-b).

Cyffm: 74: 62-8 5

�

63-87) [pn. Ceirio] ;

Associated toponyms : Aberceiro (74-a), Bronceiro (74-a),

Ceiron -(-+

Cletwr: 1 4 : 44-44

Mon-geyron

�

Ceiro-fach (74-a),Maesceiro (73-a).

46-45)[pn. Ceirion] ;

OS 1 834

Associated toponyms :

Melingeiron (14-a), Rhydgeiron (14-a). 1233

[c.l 140 LL:

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Cell -(-+ Ystwyth: 6 1 : 73-72

�

73 -75)[cell]� [ke:l C. Jones, av:>n'ge:i E. Mason}

Cell 'brook' 1 767 Crosswood MSS, River Cell 1 824Encl map Rhosgell, Y Cell 1 906 J. J.Morgan p . 5 , 'afon' Cell 1 9 1 6 D. Thomas p. 74, Cell (with ) 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 53, Nant Cell OS 1 89 1 This i s continued by Prignant (d). The cell 'cell' here may well refer t o the ancient church o f Llantrisant

(61-a). Associated toponyms: Capel-bach Rhosgell 61-a), Dyffryncell (61-a), Glancell (61 -a), Glascell (61-b), Rhosgell (61-a), Uwch-Cell (61-e). Cennant -(upper course of Pylli: 62: 66-76 � 70-77)(cen + nant]; [av:>n'kenant T. J. Davies] River Kennant 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant y Gledryd OS 1 904, Nant y Gledryd O S 1 982, Ceunant 1 988 T.J.Davies p.40 This river-name has been reanalysed as containing ceunant 'ravine'. Unless the meaning of the toponym Blaencennant (62-a) is the 'top of Cennant (63-a)', it would seem that Cennant also referred to Afon-fach(i). For the meaning of Cennant one can compare Cynnant (Llanfair-ar-y-b:ryn, Carms.), which is from r:Wn + nant. The alias refers to Gledryd (63-b), cf Pylli (d). Cf the unlocated Abercennant in Llanf:thangel-y-creuddyn parish: Aberkennant [ 1 648/49 Cwrt-mawr MSS], Tythyn Aberkennant [ 1684 Cwrt-mawr MSS], Tyddin Aber

Kennant [ 1684 Cwrt-mawr MSS ] , Tythyn Aberkennant ( 1698 Cwrt-mawr MSS] . Associated toponyms: Banc-Cennant (63-b); Blaencennant (62-a); Cennant (63-a); Dolcennant als. Hensiop (63-a). Cerdin -(-+ Teifi: 1 4: 42-41

�

3 8-49)[cerddin];

Kerdin >1 265 ( 1 3 24) cart. Tal-llychau, Kerdyn 'brook' 1 626 Bronwydd MSS , Kerdin 1 652 Bronwydd MSS, Kerdin R 1 760map E.Bowen, Cerdyn 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 32, Mon Cerdin O S 1 83 4, Mon Cerdin OS 1 89 1 R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 202--03 ] notes three rivers called

Cerdin, and one called Cerddin: "Cafodd y nentydd

hyn yr enw am fod y pren hwn yn tyfu hyd eu glannau. Y ffurf ar arfer yn y Gogledd yw (mewn enwau

- y ffurf wreiddiol yn 61 pob tebyg, yn wyneb y Llydaweg kerzin, -en, cerdin(en) a arferir, lie gwelir y cyfuniad cytseiniol rdd wedi caledu yn rd, yn union fel y ceir ddr -+ dr, W. G. 1 85 . I Tebyg mai'r rheswm y ceir cymaint o enwau nentydd a lleoedd ag enw'r pren hwn ynddynt yw am y credid ei fod yn meddu ar rinwedd i gadw draw neu ochel ysbrydion drwg. Yn Nyfed y pren gochel y'i gelwir. " [ 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 203 ] . Since the original form of cerdin was doubtlessly cerddin, we may suspect a derivative of cerdd- 'slope', as in Gogerddan (72-a), originally a hydronym. Another possibility not to be ignored is that it is a derivative of cerdd 'song' [ 1 868 B. Williams: 37] . Associated toponyms: Abercerdin (14-a), Blaencerdin-fawr (14-a), Bryncerdin (14-a), Castellcerdin (14-b), Dinascerdin (14-a, 1 4-b), Dyffryncerdin (1 4-b), Glancerdin (1 4-a), Glyncerdin (14-a). Cerdin-fach -(-+ Cerdin: 14: 38-46 37-48)[cerddin (+ bach)]; lleoedd bron yn unig) cerddin(en), Gwyddeleg caorthann. Yn y Deau

�

Cerdin rach OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms :

Cerdinen(i) (-+ Ceri: 9: 34-48 -

Blaencerdin-fach (14-a), Llyscerdin (9-a). 3 6-48)[cerddinen] ; [ker'dinen M Thomas] �

Trafle 1 868 B.Williams p.24 1 , Trafle 1 894 NLW MS 1 5 858-B p. 3, Cerdinen, Trafle 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Nant Cerdinen OS 1 89 1 Cf Abercerdinen (24-a); hns. Cerdinen (Glams.);

Gerddinen, now Gorddinen (Caems.), o n which R J.

Thomas [1 938 : 108--09 ] was of the opinion that " Nid yw'n debyg mai enw nant ydoedd yn wreiddiol. "

Trajle, which was also the name of a house adjoining Llwyncerdinen, is most probably derived from Cerdinen's alias, if so its sense demands that it refer to the confluence of streams some 700m above the houses at SN 3 55-464; see Trajle (1 5-a). Associated toponyms: Llwyncerdinen (9-a). Cerdinen(ii) -(-+ Granell: 24: 52-48 53-48)[cerddinen] ; �

inf Associated toponyms: Abercerdinen (24-a), Cerdin Cottage (24-a). Ceri -(-+ Teifi: 1 1 , 7, 1 0, 9, 8, 1 7 : 29-4 1 3 3-52)[ ? ] Keri 1 545 Nouadd MS S , Kery Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Cery 1 602 G. Owen vol4 p.450, Keri 1 650sur, Cery c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, 'river' Kerry 1 720PR Troedrour, Cerry R 1 803map J. Singer, Cerry 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 3 3, Mon Ceri OS 1 834, Ceri River 1 83 7TMS Troedrour, Y Ceri 1 86 1 Brython p. l 68, Mon Ceri OS 1 891 �

1 23 4

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

ceri however a local historian noted: "Y fu digon o amledd o hono yn tyfu ar Ian yr afon hon i roddi yr enw hwnw iddi. " [ 1 894 NLW MS 1 5858-B: 2], an opinion echoing the earlier comments of B. Williams [ 1 868: 37J. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 33 ] was of the opinion: "Prin bod a wnelo'r enw dan sylw ddim a'r enw torfol a lluosog ceri 'cnewyll ffrwythau; egroes'. " The etymology based on an element cer meaning 'current' [ 1 894 NLW MS 15858-B: 2] is to be discounted as GPC does not know this element. R J Thomas [ 1 938: 132] connects this river, along with another of the same name in Radnorshire, with the pn. Ceri [c. l l40 LL: 1 80], Keri CletifHir [c. l250 BBC: 36] ; which is found in the following place-names Garthgeri (Llansannan, Denbs.), Porthceri (G1ams.). "Tebyg bod y bon Cer- (drwy affeithiad i) yn yr enw hwn i'w gysylltu a'r cyfryw yn yr enw person Car, Caradog, Carannog (+-­ Brythoneg-Lladin Carantacus mewn arysgrif ger Egyrmwnt (Pen£ )), Caron, Ceiriad, Ceirio, Ceredig, &c . , ac yr enwau cyffredin car, carant, ceraint, berfenw caru. Digwydd Car- mewn amryw enwau afonydd ym :Mhrydain a'r Cyfandir, e. e. Cara, Carus, Carantonus (Holder), ac yng Nghymru fe'i ceir yn Car (Brych. ), CEIRO (Cered. 3), CEIRIOG (Dinb . , Amwyth.). Felly os yw'r bOn Car- i'w gysylltu a'r enw a'r berfenw car, caru, rhaid tybio mai rhywbeth yn debyg i'r ystyr 'annwyl, cyfeillgar' sydd iddo. Er hynny, ni ellir bod yn bendant ar y pen hwn Am enghreifftiau o enwau anwes ar nentydd, gw. SERCHAN, TEGAN uchod, a SYLLTYN (Cered. ) . " [ 1 938 R J Thomas: 1 33 ] . R J. Thomas's [ 1 938: 1 32] interpretation the name of the commote of Ceri (Monts.) clashes with that of M. Richards [ 1967-70: 3] which is, Ceri +-­ pn. Car + territorial suffiX -i, the pn Car being found in Llangar (Mers.) [ 1967-70 M. Richards: 1 1 1 ], and in Gwikar als. Plougar (Finistere, Brittany) [ 1990 B. Tanguy: 1 60], and the territorial suffiX -i being found in Anvystli (Monts.), and Cedweli (Carms.). The identification of Ceri the personal-name ( 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 132] and Ceri the commote name (Monts.), with Caergeri, the Welsh name of Cirencester (Gloucs.), latinised Brittonic Corinium [ 1979 PNRB: 321-22], is unlikely, unless the exceptional loss of final -n in Caergeri is One of the names of the wild service (L.

Sorbus torminalis)

was

mae'r pren hwn ar hyn o bryd yn brin iawn yn ein gwlad ac felly y mae yn dra ammheus a

proven to have happened to the other names.

Aberceri (6-a),Alltgen· (6-a), Blaenceri (8-a), Brynceri (6-a), Cwmceri (6-a, e), Dinasceri (7-a), Dyffrynceri (10-a), Glynceri (7-a), Melingeri (7-a), New Inn (17-a), Penalltgeri (6-a), Pontceri (1 1 -a), Rhyd­ yr-ysgwydd (17-a). Ceulan -(� Eleri: 76 : 65-89 72-9 1 )[ceulan ?L Ceulan 'valley' > 1 765 L. Morris p. 89, River Caulan 'bridge . . . in Talbont' 1 765MR Genau'rglyn, Ceulan Associated toponyms:

�

1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 145, River Ceulan 1 845TMS Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, Afon Ceulan OS I 891 The name of the upper course of the

-an

of

caul

Ceulan

is

Nant Bwlch-y-garreg.

Whilst it is possible that this river

ceulan 'river-bank, Blaencwmceulan (71-a). Associated toponyrns: Blaenceulan (76-a), Ceulan-a-Maesmor (e), Cwmceulan (76-b), Ffatri-Ceulan (76-a), Glanceulan (76-a), Ty-mawr Ceulan (76-a). Ceunant - (� Nant Cwmnewidion: 6 1 , 62: 70-74 � 70-76)[ceunant] ; name is derivative in

'curd, rennet', it is likelier to be the common term

brink', thus given to this river because of its steep river-banks; cf

Ceunant OS 1 904 Associated toponyrns: Pontceunant (61 -b) .

Claerddu - (�

Claerwen: 34, 58, 59: 8 1 -67

�

78-70)[hn. Claer[wen]

(+ du)] ;

Clarduy, Clardue, 'that is to say' Blak Clare 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 1 9, Clarthy Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Clar Dhu c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Claerwen fach 1 803map J. S inger, Claer-du OS 1 834, Clerddu, River Clairddu 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Mon Claerddu O S 1 89 1 , Clerddu 'colloquially 1 98 5 NLW MS ex.796

Claenven that I believe this name to be derived ultimately from *Claenven-ddu, * Claer-ddu, and finally to the present-day Claerddu. Associated toponyms: Claerddu (58-a), Gwaunclaerddu (59-b). Claerwen -(� Elan: 5 8, 59, RADS . : 9 1 -63 8 1 -71 ) [claerwen] ; [klerwen E. Davies, 1 980 I. Dafydd p. 6, klejrwen 1 98 0 I. Dafydd p. 6] I have explained under

which subsequently reduced to

�

Clayrwen 1 548 Nantgwyllt MS S 2/1 05, Clarwen Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Claerwen River 1 803map J. Singer, Clearwen OOS 1 82 1 , Afon Claerwen O S 1 834, Afon Claerwen OS 1 89 1 Above Pwll !fan

Mawr (59-b) it becomes known a s Dif.feithnant and Nant Ffostrosol. The development o f t o [ -er-] rather than [-ejr-] o r [ -ar-] i s also found with Maerdy (1 7-a), and Faerdre-fawr (14-a), and the common noun haerllug � £:S'herlig [ l 934a J. J. GL Davies: 620]. Both Claenven, and its tributary Claerddu, between Rhaeadrgwy and Cardiganshire seem to point to a river originally called * Claer (cf Blak Clare 1 53 9). The name * Claer could represent an original claear 'tepid' (cf hns. Twymyn, Iaen), or 1 235

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

simply claer 'bright'. The term claer 'bright' seems likeliest, and it could be thought that the same element is present in the hn Cleirwy (Rads.) [ 1 957 E. Davies: 29; 1 967-70 M. Richards: 1 55), written i Gleirwy £1. 1 485, and derived by R J. Thomas [ 1 934: 1 28] from claer 'bright' or *clair (found in disglair 'bright', MW. disgleir). However, the relationship of claer to *clair is unclear, and it would be tempting to derive the claer 'bright' as well as the B. skier 'bright' from F. clair 'bright', but since claer and *clair seem to be found in Welsh river-names, a post twelfth-century loan from F. clair, ultimately from L. clarus [DELF: 428], seems unlikely. This seems to be the opinion of the editors of GPC [ s.v. claer, disgla:ir ], though they confuse claer 'bright' with the southern Welsh claer 'tepid', which corresponds to nW. claear, and B. klouar. If the word claer 'bright' is indeed Celtic, then we would expect an Irish cognate to appear as *clar or *claor (cf W. mae! = I. mitl, W. maer = I. maor). Having discussed at length the etymological problems posed by claer, it may well do to question the existence of an original river named *Claer, which was deduced from the existence of Claerwen and Claerddu, a pair reminiscent of a number of hydronyms differentiated by the specifiers -wen and -ddu, see sub Afonddu(ii). However, certain facts make us wary of explaining Claerwen as * Claer + -wen as a specifier: 1 ) there already exists a term claerwen 'bright-white; shining' [GPC s.v. claerwyn] which is a suitable enough etymology for a river-name; 2) we might have expected a realisation * Claer-wen * kla:r'wen with a specifier, not klerwen; 3) the river below the convergence of Claerwen and Claerddu is not called *Claer, but Claerwen, and whilst it is possible that an upper branch of the supposed river * Claer was deemed so important that its name was transferred to the whole river length (cf the opposite phenomenon in the hn. Doethi"a u), the mention of a medieval Clarwenit [c.l350(1 933)map w. Rees] seems to support the early importance of Claerwen as the main river-name, as opposed to *Claer. I am, therefore, of the opinion that the original name was Claerwen, a feminine form of claerwyn 'bright-white; shining', and that one branch was originally called *Claerwen-ddu, which got reduced to *Claer-ddu, which became restressed Claerddu in imitation of Claerwen. The medieval form Clarwenit - R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 66} is right to be circumspect as to this form as its source document whence W. Rees got the form is unknown - placed about the headwaters of the Claerwen river, is reminiscent of the suffiX -ydd of territories, most usually sufftxed to personal-names, but sufftxed, in at least one instance, to a river-name, see Elenydd (e). Clarach -(--+ SEA: 67, 69, 72, 73 : 58-83 63- 83)[ ? ] ; 'amnis' Clarauch 1 1 20 Uita Sancti Paterni p.258, Clarach 1 1 1 5-30 in 1 946b J. C. Davies p.249, 'aquam' Aberclaraw 1 280Ext. , Gogerthan ? 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 28 1 , Afon Goerthan ? {sic var. c. 1 3 50( 1 93 3)map W.Rees} , River of Clarach 1 597/98rent, Klarach (source in Fforest Genau'rglyn) 1 500212 Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Clerach R 1 760map E.Bowen, Riv. Clarach 1 803map J. Singer, Clarach River, Nant Clarach (course above Rhydhir-isa) OS 1 89 1 , Afon Clarach OS 1 904, Nant Clarach 0Sc. 1 950 This is certainly the name of the river below Rhydhir-isa (67-a), where two streams converge, one from the N (see sub Cyffin, d), and the other (soon branching into two) from the E (see sub Masaleg (d), Seilo, d). R J. Thomas [1 938: 7] considers Cyffin and Masaleg as two branches of Clarach. The OS implies that the stretch above Rhydhir-isa to the E is still known as Clarach, but the attestation of 1 28 1 seems to call this particular part of the river Gogerddan (which in consequence might be the name of the stretch of river at least between Gloster Hall (72-a) and Rhydhir-isa). If we were sure of the location of the given source of Clarach, viz. Fforest Genau'rglyn, we might know which of the branches above Rhydhir-isa continued the name. We may discount Seilo which was in the commote of Perfedd, we cannot be so sure with Masaleg which delineated the limits of Perfedd and Tirmynach (a monastic grange, formerly part of the commote of Genau'rglyn), or Cyffin which delineated the limits of Tirmynach with the rump commote and lordship of Genau'rglyn. There is hardly any doubt that a sixteenth-century reference to a forest of Genau'rglyn would, of needs, refer to the rump commote or lordship of Genau'rglyn, making Cyffin the likeliest candidate for Clarach's continuation. The picture of the lands of Llanbadam: "from the mouth of the river Rheidol upwards until it touches at its head the limit of the river Clarach, and along the length of the same river as far as the sea is the limit prolonged" [ c. 1 120 Uita Sancti Paterni: 258-59 ], while not strictly accurate, in order to contain as much as possible of the later lands of the parish of Llanbadam-fawr, also suits the stream Cyffm best as being the original continuation upstream of the river Clarach. Finally, the procliuum Clarauch [1 1 20 Uita Sancti Patemi: 256] near Prysgaga (73-a) further points to the river Cyffm, for though it is 1 km from the present Clarach river, it does refer to the descent to the Clarach flats. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 7] explains Clarach thus: "Diamau y gellir cysylltu'r enwau Clarach, Clorach a'r elfen Wyddeleg claragh a geir yn fynych iawn mewn enwau lleoedd yn Iwerddon, . . . Ystyr Claragh ydyw 'lie gwastad'; deilliad ydyw o'r enw dar, sy'n gytras a'r enw Cymraeg clawr, a golyga'r ddau 'bwrdd, wyneb, �

1236

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

gwastadedd'. Yn B.B. C. 1 03 . 5, fe sonnir am 'ar claur Maelenit', ac 'ar claur Jeithon hir', 103 . 6, 7. Fe ddigwydd hefyd yn yr enw Clawr-y-plwyf ger Mynydd Islwyn (Myn.). Gwyddeleg heb amheuaeth yw Clarach (Cered.), gan mai Clorog fyddai'r ffurf Gymraeg gyfatebol, ond am Clorach (Mon), y mae llafariad y sillaf gyntaf yn rhyw awgrymu naill ai rnai cymreigiad ymwybodol ydyw o Clarach, gydag -o­ yn wyriad o'r ddeusain aw yn clawr, neu mai datblygiad Cymraeg cyfochrog ond annibynnol ydyw. Gwedda'r ystyr 'lie gwastad' i'r dim i Glarach (Cered.), sy'n rhedeg hyd ddyf:fryn tra gwastad o Nant (-yr-) Mallen (Bow Street) at ei haber; hefyd i Glorach (Mon). Er hynny, hwyrach na ddylid edrych heibio i'r ystyr 'pompren' sydd i'r Wyddeleg clar; gallasai Clarach (Cered.) gael yr enw am fod pornpren tros ei haber. " [1938 R J. Thomas: 7-8] . R J. Thomas's interpretation of this hydronym as an Irish one seems to have subsequently been accepted by everyone. However, whilst at first glance the hn. Clarach appears to be an Irish name, it seems unlikely that the Irish would have cleared the native Britons of this area to the point that they could have given their names to rivers (though cf Mwldan, d) . If we suppose for a moment that this had in fact happened, it could, reasonably, only have occurred before the year 500 AD, for after that it is clear that Ceredigion was inhabited and ruled by the Britons. I believe that in this period one can hardly differentiate most Irish loanwords from native Welsh words, since the two languages were more similar than later on, coequivalence was the rule, so that Irish -ach would have been understood translated as Welsh -og. I feel it is better to search for a meaning to Clarach on the assumption that it is a Welsh name. The suffix -ach, poses no difficulty, as it is acknowledged to be a native Welsh one. It is possible that the Anglesey Clorach represents a development of *Clarach, as there is a tendency for vowels preceding [r] to retract, so that we may face four identical names: 1 ) hns. Clarach (Cards.; Cwmdu, Brees.); 2) Mynydd Clorach (prox. Ganarew, Heres.) [1 938 R. J. Thomas: xxii] ; 3) tn. Clorach (SH 44-84, Llandyfi:ydog, Angl. ), on the headwaters of Afongoch, known for the celebrated Fjjmhonau-Clorach [ 1 91 1 J. E. Lloyd: 1 .23 2 ] . Associated toponyms: Bae Clarach (67-b), Capelclarach (67-a), Dyffrynclarach (67-b), Melinglarach (67-a). Cledan -(-+ SEA: 48: 50-66 57-64)[caled + -an]; Caledan 1 202(1 3 36) cart Ystradffiur, Aber Caledan, Kaledan >1 282( 1 425) cart Ystradffiur, Cledau 1 653 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Cledan 1655 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Cledon Brook 1 760map E.Bowen, Cledan Brook 1 760rnap E.Bowen {v. l RJ.Thomas} , Cledon 1 803map J. Singer, Lion, Cledon 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 38, Nant Clydan OS 1 891 , Mon Clydan OS 1 904 Rises in Corsc:Wn (47-b), which bog is fed by Nant-y-gath (47-a), though note Blaencledan (47-a) is situated above Corsc:Wn. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 54] compares another six rivers called Cledan. Along with rivers named Cletwr, this is composed of the adjective caled, but R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 55] believes "Tebyg mai ystyr weithredol megis 'cryf, nerthol' sydd i'r elfen caled yn y cysylltiad hwn (fel yn enw llwyth y Caleti yng Ngal (Holder), yn yr enw person Hen Lydaweg Kaledan, a Caledfi11lch, enw cleddyf Arthur), gan olygu 'afon neu nant o rediad garw, nerthol'; cyrnharer enw'r afonydd Garw (Brych. ; Morg.), GERWIN (Penf. ) : prin rnai'r ystyr oddefol arferol sydd yrna, gan ddynodi ansawdd galchiog y dWt- neu wely caregog, fel yn Y Rhyd Galed (yn gyffredin), Y Gledryd (Amwyth. ; Llyn, Caern. ; Trefn.) am Y G(a)ledryd Gyda llaw, y mae'r holl afonydd a nentydd uchod yn hynod o wyllt ac ysgubol ar ol glawogydd. Hefyd, yn wyneb yr enw person Hen Lydaweg Kaledan, gall . . . fod yn enw person wedi lledu ar nant," Associated toponyms: Abercledan (48-a), Blaencledan (47-a), Cwmcledan (48-a), Cylchcledan (48-a), Dolau­ Cledan (48-a), Glancledan (48-a), Melingledan (48-a). Cledlyn -(� Teifi: 1 5: 49-42 � 45-46)[caled + llyn]; (kledlm E. Evans] River Cledlun (prox. Rhuddlan, 1 5-a), Cledlyn c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 89, Mon Cathal OS 1 834, Nant Cledlyn OS 1 89 1 , Cathal 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 10 It appears that Cathl was the original name of the river Cledlyn (though D. R & Z. S. Davies [ 1 939: 10] equate Cledlyn with Cledlyn-fach, and have Cathl as a tributary). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 52] believed Catha! - as he knew of it - represented the Irish coequivalent of the W. pn. Cadwal. But I believe it more probable that it represents the obsolete Welsh word cathl 'song'. The alias Cledlyn was obviously derived from some stretch of this river. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 75] compares other streams named, Camlyn/Cemlyn, Crymlyn, Glaslyn, Myddlyn (Llantwit Faerdre, Glams.). Associated toponyms: Blaencathl (14-a), Bryncledlyn (1 5-a), Cathl (14-a), Rhydcathl (1 5-a). Cledlyn-fach -(� Cledlyn: 1 5 : 47-48 45-49)[caled + llyn (+ bach)] ; Cledlyn !ach OS 1 891 �

�

1237

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Cletwr(i)

-(�

Pul Treddol: 77: 65-92

�

70-92)[caled + dWI-] ;

[av�n'kletur E.

James]

Dyffryn Kaletwr ? s. a. l l 50( 1 3 00214) BT(Pen.20) p. 99, Dyffiyn Cletwr ? s.a. l 1 5 1 ( 1 300%) BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 3 0, Dyffryn Clytwr ?

{

corrected to

}

s.a. 1 1 5 1 ( 1 3 00%) BT(RBH TJ) (var. ) p. 1 30, Dyffryn

Calettwuyr ? s.a. l 1 5 1 (c. 1 475) BS p. 1 54, Clettur Flu: 1 578map C . Saxton, 'river' Clettwr 1 753 BRA ( 1 95 5) MS S p . 60, Clettwr R 1 760map E. Bowen, Clettwr-River 1 766MR Genau'rglyn, Clyttwr Riv. 1 803 map J. Singer, Clyttwr 1 808 S . RMeyrick p . 1 46, River Clettur 1 845TMS Llanfihangel Genau'rglyn, River Clettwr OS 1 89 1 , Afon Clettwr OS 1 904

[ 1 765MR Genau'rglyn] ; named Cletwr in opposition to Llyfnant ( 1 957b R. J. Thomas: 26) ; for the identification of the earliest forms, see sub Castellhywel (1 4-a). Associated toponyms : Blaencletwr-fach (76-a), Blaencletwr-fawr (77-a), D6lcletwr (77-a), Glancletwr (77-a), Maescletwr (77-a) . Cletwr(ii) - (� Tern: 14: 44-40 43-46)[ caled + d\Vr]; (kletur Ll. Jones] 'Course of the river turned'

�

Kaletur, Caletur > 1 265(1 324) cart. Tal-llychau, Dettor Flu: 1 578map Saxton, Calethwr 1 803 B.H.Malkin p. 1 47, R Clettwr 1 803map J. S inger, River Clettwr 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno, Afon Clettwr OS 1 89 1 , Afon Cletwr 0Sc. 1 950

Abercletwr (14-a), Blaencletwr-fach (22-a), Blaencletwr-fawr (22-a), Cletwr (22-a), Cletwr-seid (14-a), Cletwr Terrace (14-a), Glancletwr (l4-a),Melingletwr (l4-a), Tomen Rhydywain (14-a). Cletwr-fach - (� Cletwr(ii): 1 4 : 43-46 45-5 1 )[caled + dwr (+ bach)] ; [kletur'va:x inf ] Associated toponyms:

�

Clettur fach 1 7 1 6 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 46, Clettwr vach R 1 760map E.Bowen, R Clettwr fach 1 803map J. Singer, Clettwr vach 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. l 3 2, Cletwr-fach O S 1 834, Clettwr Rich O S 1 89 1 , Clettwr fach als. Glasne 1 896 W.J. Davies p. 3

Glasne

is probably a false name, derived from

mansion

Cletwr-fawr -(�

Aberglasne

(near

Pontsiiin, 14-a),

itself named after the

ofAberglasne (Carms.). Cletwr(ii): 1 4: 43-46

�

44-52)[caled + dwr (+ mawr)] ;

[kletur'vowr

M. Evans]

Clettwr 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 32, Cletwr-fawr OS 1 834, Clettwr fawr O S 1 89 1

Cloigen -(�

Cerdin: 1 4 : 3 9-45

�

39-47) [cloigen] ;

Nant Cloigen OS 1 904

Cf tn. Cloigyn (SN 43-44, Llandyfaelog, Carms.). Cloigen (14-a). Clywedog - (� Teifi: 3 1 : 62-5 1 63- 50)[clywed + -og] ; Associated toponyms :

�

Clydog c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Clywedog 'each of them' c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 8 5 , Nant Clywedog OS 1 89 1 , Y Cilwedog, Y Gilwedog 1926 D.Ll.Morgan p . 3 0 This river i s formed b y three tributaries called

Clywedog-isa, Clywedog-ganol,

Clywedog-ucha, the Clywedogau. There are another six rivers named Clywedog (Caerns., Flints., Denbs., Mers., Monts., Rads.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 12; 1959 E. Davies: 1 50]. R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 8-1 2] opposed the common northern Welsh hn. Clywedog with the common southern Welsh hn. Cleudach Cloudach (22xx, Pembs., Carms., Brees., Glams., Mons.) - all reflexes of OW. *Cloutach, actually attested as Cloutac [c.l 140 IL: 1 55]. For R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 12] "Y mae'n and

stream resulting from their confluence is sometimes called by a collective form

�

berffaith amlwg mai Gwyddeleg ydyw tarddiad yr enw hwn. Hyd lan mor gorllewin Iwerddon digwydd y ffurfiau llafar

cladach, clodach,

gan olygu 'traeth gwastad, caregog', Irish Names of Places, ii. 3 9�; fe'i

ceir hefYd yno fel enw afon neu nant neu bentref ar lannau'r cyfryw yn y ffurfiau

Cloydagh,

Cladagh, Clydagh,

ac weithiau fe'i harferir yn arbennig i ddynodi cornentydd gwyllt gyda gwelyau caregog.

Ymddengys mai'r ystyr hon sydd i'r enw yng Nghymru. Y ffurf Wyddeleg gynharaf yw'r cy:flwr genidol

Cl6itige, Cl6itigi; yn ol pob tebyg, Cl6itech fYddai'r cy:flwr enwol. Y mae lle i gredu mai rhyw ffurf neu'i *kleu- 'golchi', a wehr yn y Lladin cluo 'glanhau', &c. , ac yn enw'r afon Clud (Clyde) yn Sgotland, sydd yn yr enw hwn. I Os benthyciad o'r Wyddeleg yw Cloudach, Cleudach . . . a ddichon mai'r ffurf gyfatebol a ddatblygodd yn Gymraeg ydyw Clywedog, gynt Clawedawg ? Er mai'r arfer bellach ydyw cysylltu Clywed- yn CLYWEDOG a'r berfenw clywed, gan ddynodi afon neu nant drystiog fel Llafar (Caern. ; Meir. 2), eto nid yw'r ffurf gynharaf Clawedawc 1 5 ganr. H. 2 1 . 20, yn ffafriol iawn i hynny. Yn y ffurf Gymraeg gwelir y cyfuniad llafarog -a J;Ye -, -yl;f€-, ond yn yr Wyddeleg collir lJ

gilydd ar y gwreiddyn

gan amlaf yng nghanol gair; felly, y mae rheswm dros fod i'r ffurf Gymraeg dair sillaf ac i'r ffurf Wyddeleg

Clywedog (Caern. ; Cered. ; Dinb. ; Maesd. ; Meir. ; Trefn.) yn y rhanbarthau hynny Clydach (= Clidach), Cleidach, Cloidach, y mae'r ffaith hon yn gadarnhad dybiaeth_ " R J. Thomas doubted a derivation from clywed 'hearing' because of his faith in

ddwy. Gan y digwydd

lle ni cheir nentydd o'r enw ychwanegol i'r

1 238

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

a Chlawedauc (Caems.) [fl. 1 1 50(c.l400) Gwalchmai ab Meilyr :in 1 994 J. E. C. Williams: 202] . However, earlier spellings Clewedauc (Monts.) [ 1201 in 1 950 MC: 5 1 . 173] and yng Nghlywedawg (Denbs.) [ 1300% CLffi: 22] show the derivation from clywed is to be preferred. The meaning of Clywedog is therefore 'noisy'. The hns. Cleudach Cloudach are likely to be archaic dialect variant meaning much the same as Clywedog containing the same variant vocalism on clyw- as found in MW. kigleu 'heard' (3rd pers. sg. pret. ), and -ach (� CC. -akk-) a geminated variant of -og (� -ii.k-) which the spelling with found in the early

�

usually has a pejorative meaning in present-day Welsh. Associated toponyms:

Bro-Clywedog (31-a), Llanfair Clywedogau (3 1 -a), Llanfair-fawr (3 1-a) .

Clywedog-ucha: 3 1 , 32: 63-5 1

Clywedog-ganol -(�

�

67-50) [clywed + -og (+ canol)] ;

Clywedog ganol l 803map J. S inger, Clywedog ganol 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. l 32, Clywedog . . . canol 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. 220, Nant Clywedog ganol OS 1 834, Nant Clywedog ganol OS 1 8 9 1

Clywedog-isa - (�

Clywedog: 3 1 , CARMS . : 6 3 - 5 0

�

65-49) [clywed + - o g ( + isaf)] ;

Clywedog issa 1 803map J. Singer, Clywedog issa 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 1 32, Cilwedog Brook 1 865Encl. map Cellan, Nant Clywedog OS 1 89 1 , Nant Clywedog-isaf 0S l 904

Clywedog-ucba - (�

Clywedog: 3 1 , 32: 63- 5 1

�

69-5 1 ) [clywed + -og (+ uchaf)] ; [ kl e ' wed ;lg

H. T. Davies]

Clywedog ucha 1 803map J. Singer, Clywedog ucha 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 32, Nant Clywedog uchaf O S 1 834, Clywadog 1 834MR Llanddewi Brefi vol. 1 p. 7, Nant Clywedog-uchaf OS 1 8 9 1

Collen -(�

Ceri: 9: 34-47

� 3 7-47) [hn. Coli + -en]; [k:H-en M . Thomas]

Coli c. 1 70 0 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Coll 1 873 B. Williams in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 5 8, Coli als. Mon Blaenafon 'fel y gelwir hi ar y cychwyn' 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 1 p. 8, Nant Coli OS 1 89 1 , Nant Chwith als. Coli 1 924-26 CSRLS 6, Nant Collen OS 1 982

Coli - see (c) Blaen Dyifryn Koll (1 3-nnloc.) [ 1 564rent] - to Soden, Tywarchen, and perhaps Glanarthen, 47-a). Coli may have Col/ [c. 1 1 40 LL: 1 7 1 ]), though the word coil 'hazel' should not be discounted; cf.

This stream apparently represents an older which the suffix -en was added (cf hns. been a personal-name (cf

Botgoll (61 -a). Associated toponyms:

Conacb -(�

Glancollen (9-a).

Mon Llechweddmor: 78: 75-90

�

74-93 )[conach]

'sheepwalk' Connach, Conach River, Connach Brook 1 790sur map, 'sheepwalk' Connach 1 845TMS It is not clear whether

Conach,

the sheepwalk name, is derived from the name of a house at SN c. 743-

A stream-name sounds more likely. It is possibly a derivative of cawn conyn, pl. con ion), the whole describing an area with what must have been considered 'bad reeds', cf Conell (d). A derivation from the well-known adjective conach 'grumbling, complaining', might also suit a stretch of water; see Ajon Llechweddmor (d). Associated toponyms: Llynconach (78-b). Conel1 -(� Ceibwr: 8 1 : 1 1 -45 � 1 2-46) [cawn ? + -ell] ; 923, or from the name of a stream 'reeds' with pejorative plural

-ach

( cf sg.

Conel1 1 603 in 1 948 NLWJ vol 5 p. 268

[c. 1 603 :in 1 948 NLWJ: 5.268]. "Dichon bod yr conell 'cynffon, colyn; gwelltyn', deilliad o'r enw cawn 'cyrs, gwellt', a'i arfer fel yma mewn ystyr ffigurol. Enwau afonydd a nentydd cysylltiol efallai a'r enw cawn, unigol conyn, yw CONYN (Penf ), COWNWY (Trefu ), &c. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 97] ; cf Conach (d); Gwerncoli (32-a). Associated toponyms: Cwmconell (81-a). Corf -(� Llyfnant: 78: 73-97 74-94) [corfj;

Conell was a hydronym,

" Conell [brook] falling into Keyboor"

enw hwn i'w gysylltu a'r enw

�

Corph 1 226 in 1 949 MC vol. 5 1 p. 1 87, Corfu {v. l. 1 226 in 1 947 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 54} , Corw 1 226 in 1 982

R Morgan p. 24, Corro 1 805 Gogerddan :fpl. 1 1 8-1 9 in 1 996 R.G. Gruffydd p. l O, Nant Cefn-coch (upper course) + Nant y Factory (lower course) OS 1 89 1

Coif was the original name o f the river, though now it i s noted a s Nant Cefncoch above its junction with Nant-y-castell(ii), and Nant-y-ffatri below the junction (the latter refers to Ffatri Glasbwll, 78-a); cf Caifan (d). Associated toponyms: Blaencoif(78-a), Bwlchcorf(78-b). Cothi -(� Tywi: 32, CARMS . : 49-20 69-50) [ ? ] ; [nant'k;)Oi E. Jones] �

Cothi c. 1 1 40 LL p. 1 24, Ynghothi > 1 27 1 ( 1 324) cart. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63 , Cothi 1 33 1 in 1 878 J. RDaniel-Tyssen p. 70, dros Gothi f1. 1 360-90(1 3 00%) Llywelyn Goch in RBH (poetry) p. 1 04, Cothi 1 300% RBH Poetry 1. 1 27 1 . 43 , Cothey 1 5 39 J.Leland p. 1 1 4, Coethi 1 8 1 1 N. Carlis1e xxxi� River Cothi OS 1 89 1 , Mon Cothi OS 1 904

1 239

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

This hydronym is also independently found in Alltgothi (4-a); hn. Cothi (Treharris, Glams.) (the Blaen y Cathy 1 772 mistakenly located by R J. Thomas ( 1 938: 1 34-35] in the Gartheli area is simply Blaencothi, 32-a) . "Hwyrach y dylid cysylltu'r bon Coth- yn yr enwau hyn a'r cyfryw a welir yn y berfenw cothi 'bwrw allan', ysgothi (Ys- (es-, fel yn y berfenw esgor), ffurf ar y rhagddodiad e-, eh-, ech- � *eks-, W.G. 267) 'carthu, cachu', ac fel enw ysgothi 'rhyddni'. Odid nad yr enw ysgothi sydd yn enw'r nant Nant Sgothi (Morg.), . . . ond geill mai (Yn)ys Gothi ydyw, . . . Byddai enw a'r bon Coth- yn eithaf priodol ar afon neu nant gyflym, ysgubol. Odid nad yr un syniad sydd dan enw'r afon Clud (Clyde yn Sgotland), Clota gan Tacitus, � *Clouta, lle gwelir y gwreiddyn *cleu- 'golchi', Lladin cluo, cloaca; yn gyffelyb hefyd enw'r afon Cart sy'n rhedeg i Glud, Gwyddeleg cartaim, Cymraeg carthu. Ond dylid cofio hefyd am y gair Cernyweg coth 'hen', Llydaweg Canol coth, Diweddar coz, wrth ymdrin a tharddiad Cothi. " ( 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 135]; B. Williams [ 1 868: 38] also connected it to ysgothu 'dolur ar anifeiliaid'; cf. tn. Glyncothog (Llywel, Brees.) [ 1 938 R . J. Thomas: 1 34] . Associated toponyms: Blaencothi (32-a). Creignant(i) -(� Glas:ffi:wd : 34: 75-64 � 75-6 1 )[craig ? + nant] ; Crugnant OS 1 834, Crugnant OS 1 891 , Crygnant 1 93 8 R J.Thomas p.59 For the older forms of this name cf Llyngreignant (34-b). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 59] connects this stream name (which he has as Crygnant) with three streams called Cregan, which he postulates contain a femine *creg of the adjective cryg 'eras, croch', G. G. Evans [1 985: 92] offering crug in addition, notes: "As with the other Crygnant there seems to have been confusion with craig, as early as the seventeenth century, unless the Creg- points to another different stem, creg-, as in cregan . . . " . The change from creig- � crug­ in the spellings can be compared to both Greigddu (32-a) and Greigwen (54-a). The decision as to which element is contained in the names identical or similar to Creignant depends upon their local Welsh pronunciations, e.g. i) tn. Creignant (SN 88-95, Llanbrynmair, Monts.), kr1gnant [inf D. Lewis], krignant, Afkregnant [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 483] ; Creignan als. Cregnant, Creignant, Crignant 1 683-87 [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 483], Crignant, Crugnant [ 1 83 9TMS Llanbrynmair], noted Crygnant als. Crugnant als. Creignant on OS maps. ii) tn. Creignant (SJ 97-19, Llanwddyn, Monts.), Crygnant als. Creignant [1 985 G.G.Evans p.92]. hn. Creignant (SJ 04-01 , Llanwyddelan, Monts.), kngnant [inf T. Jones, Yr Adfa] , Creignant als. Cregnant 1 683 [1 985 G. G. Evans: 92] , noted Crygnant on OS maps. iii) hn. Creignant (SJ 25�35, Weston Rhyn, Salop.), Y Krygnant [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 2.43] . It will be noted that in two cases in Montgomeryshire the local pronunciation kngnant precludes *Crygnant, with cryg 'hoarse', which would be expected as *kldgnant in those dialects. The sense of * Crugnant, with crug 'mound' is very unlikely, whilst the first syllable in *Cerrygnant or *Carregnant, with carreg pl. cerryg 'stone' - which has long been realised as cerrig in northern Wales - is not evidenced in any document form or pronunciation. This leaves craig 'rock' as the most likely component, cf Creignant kngnant, krignant (71 -a). The above Creignant(ii) in Llyngreigant (34-b) is noted as Ecrucllaentllyn, Crucllaentllyn in 1 279, which spelling, as it stands, is problematic for an etymology with craig, though a scribal copying error may explain it, for the pronunciation appears to be fm'gngnant, f�n'grignant and not *-gr�gnant as a spelling -grugnant might demand in this dialect; the field-name (c) Cae Blaencruqnant (Prengwyn area) [c. l 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1!9] may well contain another example of Creignant. Associated toponyms: Llyngreignant (34-b). Creignant(ii) -(� Camdwr(i): 76: 73-89 � 74-89)[craig + nant]; Craig Nant, Nant Ochr-felen (upper course) 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Craignant 1 872Encl. map Genau'rglyn, Creignant 1 800%map RM A1 59 The meaning here is straightforward, but cf. Creignant(i) (d). Creignant(iii)-(� Nant Picadili: 25: 53-54 � 54-52)[ craig ? + nant]; [krrgnant N. Davies] inf

See sub Creignant(i) (d). Croes -(� Brennig(i): 3 3 : 69-59 � 71 -60)[croes]; Crosse 1 539 J.Leland in 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 3 2, Croes R. 1 803map J. Singer, Croes 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. 1 3 1 , Croes R OOS 1 821 , Nantygroes 1 843TMS Caron, Nant y Groes OS 1 891 , Yr Afon Croes 1 90 1 Cymru vol.2 1 p.223, Afon Groes OS 1 904 Formed by Croes-jawr and Croes-fechan. Associated toponyms: Brynhownant (33-a), Cwmcroes (33-b ), Gwaungroes (33-a). 1 240

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Croes-fawr -(� Croes: 3 3 : 71 -60 74-59)[croes (+ mawr)] ; Nant-y-groes-fawr OS 1 834, Nant y Groes-fawr O S 1 891 , Groes fawr OS 1 904 The upper course of Croes-fawr is called Nantllyn(iv). Croes-fechan -(� Croes: 33: 71 -60 73-60)[croes (+ bechan)] ; Nant y Groes fechan OS 1 834, Nant y Groes-fechan OS 1 89 1 , Groes fechan OS1 904 Associated toponyms: Blaencroes-fechan (33-a), Croes-fechan (33-a). Crouddyn -(� Tei:fi: 23 , 24: 57-47 55-53)[creuddyn]; [krej()m M. Hughes] Nantroith ? 1 3 1 7 cart. , Croythyn 1 698MR Llanbedr, Crogthin 'brook' c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Croyddin 1 728 in 1 905 G.E.Evans p. l l , R Croythin 1 803map J. Singer, Croyddyn 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 32, Croyw DdWt- 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle xxxi� River Croyddin 1 839TMS Llanbedr Pontsteffan, (c) i Ddyffryn Croyddyn 1 8 5 5 in 1 904 D.Jenkins p.42, Nant Groew als. Croewddwr 1 860 Cyf Eist. Llanbedr p.91, Y Creiddyn 1 860 Eist. Cy£ Llanbedr p.98, Nant Creuddyn OS 1 891 The term creuddyn refers to fortifications (see sub Creuddyn (d), Pant-y-crouddyn, 1 4-a), but there are no obvious fortifications near the river Crouddyn (the nearest fortifications appears to be Cribynclotas (25-a) over 1 . 8km w of the headwaters, and whilst the twelfth-century Anglo-French castle at Castell (23-b), is nearer the river Crouddyn at about 900m to the E, is situated on the banks of the river Duwlas(ii) is therefore situated in an inappropriate site to have given its name to a river other than Duwlas(ii)). The hn. Creuny (E. Criney, Fishguard) is a metathesis of an original Creuddyn, but here also there is no obvious fortification that might have given its name to the stream [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 57]. Associated toponyms: Cambrian (28-a), Glancrouddyn (24-a), Pont GlandWr (25-b). Crymnant(i) -(� Ceri: 1 0: 32-45 33-44)[crwm + nant] Crymnant 1 894 NLW MS 1 58 58-B p. 3 , Crynant OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Blaencrymnant (10-a) , Crymnant (lO-a). Crymnant(ii) -(� Melindwr: 70: 71 -82 72-82)[crwm + nant] ; Crymnant 1 790sur map, Nant y Crynant 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 6 Cwerchyt· (� Gwylan: 1 3 : 35-41 36-46)[gwerchyr ?] ; Cwerchyr c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 91 , Cywerchydd 1 868 B .Williams p.38, Mon Cwerchyr OS1 891 This appears to be the word gwerchyr 'lid, cover' (cf OB. guvrcher, guorcher), but with an irregular change of [gw-] to [kw-] , which only some forms showing initial : Melin Gwerchyr 1 65 1 , Tyr Penallt Gwerther 1 684, Melyn Gwerthyr 1 71 3 ; cftn. Glan Cwm Gwercher, Pant Gwercher 1 58 1 (unloc., Meline) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 1 10]; see Dolau-Cwerchyr, Melin Gemos, Pant-bach (13-a). A form such as *cyferchyr would regularly give cwerchyr (c£ spoken northern Welsh cwaifod for cyfaifod 'to meet'), and a word or personal-name based on cyfarch 'salute, greet' could also be at the root of this name, e.g. cyferchydd 'suitor, suppliant' [GPC s .v. cyferchydd] could also feasibly give *cyferchyr (cf aifedd aifer; eryr erydd). However, I believe the best meaning for *cyferchyr would be related to the words, cyfergyr 'conflict, battle, contest', ergyr 'thrust, push, assault', erchyrjjmu 'to penetrate, pierce, enter, invade', though the latter is derived from an original erchJfynu by GPC, though erchyifynu is the earliest forms [GPC s.v. erchyrtynaf] , (for the variation ergyr erchyr, cf gorgoriog gorchordd [GPC s.v. gorchordd, gorgoriog]); cf. Ergyr (d); an alias of the river-name would seem to be present in the name Pont Afonrhyd (12-a). Associated toponyms: Cwerchyr ( 12-a), Dolau-Cwerchyr (1 3-a). Cwinten (� SEA: 46, 22: 43-61 � 46-59)[cwinten] ; The River Quinten 1 875MR Llyswen, Mon Cwinten OS 1 891 Dafydd Shon, Cwinten, gwr hynod mewn gweddi. ' [ 1 904 J. Evans: 206]. Cwter-y-penrhyn (� SEA: 75: 61 -94) [cwter + y + penrhyn] ; Gwtter y Penrhyn 1 790map T. Lewis Cyffin -(� Clarach: 67, 74, 73, 76: 6 1 -83 67-85)[cyffin] 'river called' Kyffm 1 554 Edwinsford MSS vol 2 p. 700, (c) Cwm Bryngwyn 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Cwm Bringwyn 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 45, Bowstreet Brook OS 1 891 , 'the brook which is commonly known as' Bane Lfrech Brook 1 908Per. Genau'rglyn, Cyffin 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 204 It seems that Cyffin was first applied to the stream - which originally seems to have been called Clarach (d). R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 204] notes three other rivers named Cyffin or Y Gyffin which are derived from L. conftnium, conftnia, confines 'boundary, limit'. From their association with the Cistercian monasteries of Talley, Aberconwy, and Llantarnam founded in the twelfth century, they can be further explained as �

�

�

�

�

-

�

�

�

�

-

-

�

1241

�

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

marking the boundaries of monastic lands

[1 987 Tincer: 96].

The river

Cyffin

in Cardiganshire marked the

northern and western boundaries of Ystradffiur's monastic grange of Tirmynach

(e);

cf sub

Cwrcoed-ucha

(3-a). Associated toponyms :

Cynon - (--+

Melingyffin (76-a).

Pylli: 62: 65-76 � 66-75) [pn. Cynon] ;

Nant Cynon OS 1 89 1

Cynon, rather than vice-versa. Blaencynon (62-a), Cape/eynon (62-a), Castellcynon (62-a), Cynon (62-a), Cynon Villa

It is feasible that this stream's name derives from the farm Associated toponyms :

(62-a). Dar -(-+

Teifi: 1 : 1 6-48 � 1 8- 50)[dar];

[(c) pu:l,nant�'verwrg

M. G. James]

Nant-y-verwig OS 1 834, Nant-y-ferwig 0Sc. 1 950 There are a number of Welsh streams named Dar (Cvvrt-y-cadno, Canns.; Cwmparc, Rhondda, Glarus.; Aberdare, Glarus.; Pont-y-Pool, Mons . ). The older forms of Aberddr (E. Aberdare, Glarus.), are Aberdar 1 203, 1 253 , Aberdaer 1 348, 1 578, Aberdare 1 528, Aberdayer 1 539 [ 1 970 M. Richards: 35], and Esgairddr (Caeo, Carms.) is Esker Daer als. Blaen Esker Daer ( 1 8thcent. Llysnewydd MSS: 37]. R J. Thomas [ 1 935: 1 33] and M. Richards cannot decide between: 1) dar 'oak'; or 2) the root in cynddaredd 'rage' (cf G.pns. Condarinus, Uercondaridubnus). It later became known as Nant-y-ferwig, after Ferwig (2-a). Associated toponyms: Aberddr (l-a), Nant-y-ferwig (2-a). Denis -(--+ Duwlas(ii): 29: 58-50 � 56-53)[pn. Denis] ; River Clyngam 'ffm gyda Sulian' c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 87, Mon Dennis OS 1 891 , Y Denis 1 904 D. Jenkins lv, Mon Denys O S 1 904, Tennies 1 924-26 CSRLS 7 This river lay on the boundary of Sulian and Betwsbledrwys parishes, and not Llanbedr Pontsteffan, so that the connection - if any - with the fair of Saint Denis at Llanbedr Pontsteffan (23-a), probably established in the late thirteenth century, is not evident. The earlier name appears to contain 'crooked thigh', which may be from an otherwise unlocated tn. Associated toponyms :

Diffeithnant -(name of upper

clun gam

Cluncam.

Glandenis (28-a), Melindenis (28-a).

course of Claerwen: 59, RADS . : 8 1 -7 1

� 80-7 1 ) [diffaith + nant] ; [pej6nant

(id.) T.

Griffiths] Faithnant 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Ffaethnant OS 1 89 1 , neu'r Ffeithnant 'as the river Claerwen is called on its upper course' 1 98 5 NLW MS ex.796 Cf forms of Diffeithnant-fawr.

Diffeithnant-fach

-(-+ Diffeithnant-fawr: 6 1 : 8 1 -78 � 82-79)[diffaith + nant (+ bach)] ;

[fej8nant'va:z

T.

Griffiths] Duffithnant ffich OS 1 89 1 , Diffeithnant :tach OS 1 89 1 , Diffeithnant fach OS 1 982

Diffeithnant-fawr - (--+

Afonddu(iv): 6 1 : 8 1 -78 � 8 1 - 79) [diffaith + nant (+ mawr)] ;

[fej8nant, fej8nant'vawr

T.

Griffiths] Duffithnant fawr OS 1 8 9 1 , Diffeithnant fawr O S 1 904 Arises in Pwllboddi

Dilyw-fawr -(--+ Ystwyth:

(61 -unloc.).

61 , MONTS. : 84-75 � 83-8 l )[ dilyw (+ mawr)] ;

[ddju'vawr

T. Griffiths,

dilju'vawr M.

Griffiths] Dylin 1 633/34 Crosswood MSS , River Dihw 1 79 1 Crosswood MSS, Duliw River 1 803map J. Singer, Duliw 1 808 S . R Meyrick p . 1 3 9, River Diliw 1 844TMS Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Nant Rhys (upper reaches) 1 865Encl. map Llanfiliangel-y-creuddyn, Mon Dilliw 1 875 E.Hamer

&

H.W.Lloyd p. 1 4, Mon

Diluw OS 1 89 1

dilyw delugium [c. l 900 NLW MS 2491-B: 64] ; 2) another possible etymology being a compound containing lliw 'colour', e.g. diliw 'colourless' [ 1 8 7 5 E. Hamer & H. W. Lloyd: 1 33], though this sense particular sense is rather abstract, duliw 'black-coloured' would give a more probable sense (cf Llaethliw, 46-a), but the pronunciation of this might be expected to give *d�hw; 3) the term dylif 'flow', which is behind three river-names Dyli in northern Wales [1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 1 05; 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 73], might - feasibly - lie behind dilyw, but only as a reanalysis of the name, as the change of vowel would be irregular, as would be the change of :final [-v] to [-w] . It seems simpler to accept dilyw as the original for this mountain stream, Three main etymologies vie with each other t o explain this river-name: 1 ) the most obvious being 'deluge' from the L.

referring to the fact that it often flooded its banks. The fact that this river-name has a Latin origin makes it somewhat suspect, but as this is the main branch of water that forms the river Ystwyth near

lluest,

it may

be suspected that Dilyw was originally the upper course of the river Ystwyth. 1 242

Craig-y­

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Blaendilyw (61 -b), Bryndilyw (61-b), Dilyw (61 -a), Nantrhys ? (61-a), Pwythyndilyw (61-

Associated toponyms :

b). Dilyw-fach -(� Dilyw-fawr: M Griffiths]

6 1 : 84-77

�

8 1 -77) [dilyw (+ bechan)] ;

[ddju'va:x;

T. Griffiths,

dilju'va:x;, ddiW'va:x;

Diliw fechan OS 1 834, River Dyliw fechan 1 865Encl. map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn, Diluw fechan OS 1 89 1

Doethiau

-(� Tywi: 3 2 : 77-46

�

75-53)[doeth ? + - i (+ -au) ] ;

[(c) kum't6i·je

Gwl. Jones]

Tothea Flu: 1 578map Saxton, Toothie 1 6 1 3-22 in 1 93 8 R HJ. Thomas p . 24, Dathie 1 65 3 Neuadd-fawr MS S , Yr Mon Dothie, y Ddothe 1 700Y4 Neuadd-fawr MSS, R Dothie 1 803map J. Singer, RDolthie OOS 1 8 1 9, Dorthea 1 82 8 T. J.Ll.Pritchard p. 66, Doethiau O S 1 834, Doethie River O S 1 891 , Doethle OS 1 904, Dythie 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 3 03 ,

(c) Cwm Dythiau >1 928 WFM 1 793/67, Doethie 0Sc. 1 95 0 ofDoethiau-fach and Doethiau-fawr. R J . Thomas [ 1 93 8: 24] i s wholly tentative in placing this river-name under the class of rivers having the suffiX -ai: "Tywyll iawn yw tarddiad yr enw hwn. Dothle, Dythle yw'r :ffurfiau llafar. " In view of there being two branches of the river it seems simpler to explain the fmal vowel as a collective name that replaced an earlier *Do(e)thi; cf hns. Dujlasau (see sub Dulais, d); Clywedogau (d); Clwydau (G1ams.). As it lies in a pre-stress syllable there is no certainty of

Ends a t the confluence

the ftrst syllable being or even the earlier attested , making any explanation rather difficult to prove. The only Welsh word that has any similarity is

doeth whose meaning 'wise' does not seem suitable hns. Call, Callan [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 46] . The

for a river-name, though one may perhaps compare the

unstressed nature of the ftrst syllable means doeth might be no more than a popular etymology of another obscure element. Associated toponyms: Aberdoethiau (32-b), Blaendoethiau (32-b). Doethiau-fach -(� Doethiau: 3 2 : 75-53 74- 55) [doeth + -i (+ -au) (+ bach) ] ; [eie'va:x; D. Jones(i)] y [= i] Ddothie vach 1 700Y4 Neuadd-fawr MSS, Doethiau fach OS 1 834, Doethie tach River �

OS 1 89 1 ,

D oethle :tach O S 1 904, Doethie fach 0Sc. 1 950

Doethiau-fechan, which got replaced by -fach by the (32-a); cf Ynys-fach (1 7-b). Associated toponyms: Doethiau-fach (32-a). Doethiau-fawr -(� Doethiau: 32, 3 3 : 75-53 73 -56)[doeth + -i (+ -au) (+ mawr)] ; [Sie'vowr D. Jones(i)] The name of this river was originally

early

eighteenth century, see sub Doethiau-fach �

Dythie fawre 1 700Y4 Neuadd-fawr MSS , The River Dothie fawr 1 767 Neuadd-fawr MS S, Doithie River OS 1 89 1 , Doithle fawr OS 1 904, Doethie fawr 0Sc. 1 950 Associated toponyms: Blaendoethlau-fawr (33-b).

Drywy -(�

SEA: 2 1 : 42-60

�

44-57) [ ?

];

Edrywuy ? c. 1 250 BBC pp.25,4 1 , Mon Drowy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mon Drowy OS 1 834, Nant Drowey 1 83 7TMS Llanina, Mon Drow-y 1 85 1 map J.Imray, Mon Drowy, Nant y Dwr-du (upper course) OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Gwrdy (upper course) OS 1 904, Drewi, Drywi 1 93 5 BBCS vol. 7 p. 279, Mon Drywi 0Sc. 1 95 0

drewi 'to stink' (penultimate [ -ew-] regularly becoming [-ow-] i n the nowy � newydd; rhowyn � rhewyn), though J. J. Gl. Davies noted [ 1 935 BBCS:

This river has been interpreted a s dialect of this area, e.g.

7.279] : "Mon Ian ydyw, er gwaethaf yr enw, ac nid oes ddrewiant yn ei chylch. " . However, a similar name Carregdrywy (SN 04-4 1 , Nevem), Carreg y Trywyr [ 1602 in 1992 PN Pembs: 1 49] , Carreg y Drowy als. Edrywy [1748map L. Morris] , Carreg Drewey [0081 814], has been associated with MW forms Edrywuy, Edrywy, Ydrywy (it is not certain that the early forms with a question mark refer to this river, or to Carregdrywy). The etymology of these MW forms seem to have nothing to do with drewi. On Carregdrywy, H. Owen wrote [ 1 897: 2.439-4 1 ] : "The traeth from which Tref-draeth or Newport took its name was called in the last century Traeth Edrywy, and the rock near it Carreg Edrywy. . . . I The importance of Nevern and the .

district surrounding it, at and before the date of the conquest by the Martins, is shewn not only by the mention of

Cian of Nevem

(of whom otherwise we know nothing) in the ninth century, but by the

mention of Edrywy . . . in early mediaeval Welsh poetry . . . . Perhaps, it was the old name of the

Nevem Afon Drowy, which falls into the sea near Newquay, Cardiganshire. If, on the other hand, Edryfwy or Edrywy was a district name, one may compare for the termination the Merionethshire Commot-names of Ardudwy and Mawddwy, or Deganwy in Carnarvonshire. " R. J. Thomas [ 1934b: 1 1 9] qualified H. Owen's statement concerning, Mawddwy, by deriving it from dwy 'god', not -wy. " Oddi wrth yr uchod gellir casglu mai Edryfwy neu Edry lfWY oedd y ffurf gynharaf Yna collodd f neu JY o flaen -wy {bow over diphthong } neu ymdoddodd iddi; cymharer Tafwy, hen :ffurf TAWY, TAWE isod. " [ 1 935 R J.

River;

there is an

1 243

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Thomas: 28] . I disagree with R J. Thomas's [ 1 935: 27-28] defmition of Ardudwy and Degannwy (as well as Edrywwy as a consequence) as 'tribal' names, rather than district-names as H. Owen more correctly defined them. There is no proof, or even hints, of 'tribes' on the Irish or ancient Celtic model from the documentation concerning early Medieval Wales. The derivation of Ardudwy and others as tribal-names [1934b R. J. Thomas: 1 18ff] has been followed by most commentators but with no more proof than the termination -wy, which is no proof at all. A tribal (as opposed to a provincial) category of toponyms is unproven as far as Welsh is concerned, except in the names of Dyfed, and Cymru (+- Cymry). Dulais - (� Ceri: 7,8 : 3 1 -46 3 1-50)[du + glaist [�'rar9en (upper course) J. Lewis] Dylais 1 570/71 Nouadd MSS, Dules River 1 83 7TMS Troedrour, Mon Dulas OS 1 89 1 , Y Ddulas 1 893 B.Williams in Geninen p.24, Dulas 1 894 NLW MS 1 5858-B p. 3, Dulais 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p. 9 This name is a very common river-name, under various forms: 1) Dulais (Pontarddulais, Crynant, Glams.; Talaehddu, Brees.; Llangathen, Llanllwni, Carms. ; Clydai, Pembs. ; Betwsifan, Cards.). The Dulais near Talachddu is written Du/as on OS maps, but W. Rees [c.l 3 50(1 933)map] gave it as Nant Tuchlac Duleis. 2) Duwlais (Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.), Diwles 'colloquially' [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.43 1 ; 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 5] 3) Dywlais (Merthyrtydfil, Llantwit Faerdre, Glams.), Dywles, Dywlais, Dowlais ( 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 139] 4) Duwlas (Llangybi, Llanddewi Bref1, Cards.). 5) Dujlas als. Dulas (Aberhosan, Monts.), Diflas pronunciation of Dulas [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.650-52], this gave the collective name "Dyjlase (so pronounced), which means 'the Diflases', occurring at the confluence; in the new Ordnance Map the name Diflase is erroneously given to the united stream;" [1 936 H. Owen: 4.454]; Melindujlasau (SN c.79-97, Aberhosan, Monts. ) . The name of the western branch of the Dujlas is retained in Llechwedd-Dujlas (SN 78-93, Aberhosan, Monts. ) which lies in the valley of the stream now called Afon Hengwm. 6) Dulas (Heres.; Tirabad, Llanafan-fawr, Brees.; Dre-newydd, Monts. ; Corris, Mers.; Llanddulas, Denbs.; Llanwenllwyfo, Angl.); tn. Dulasau (SH 82-52, Padog, Caerns.), Y Dvlasse [ e. l550 RepWMSS: 1 .2.842] ; Diwlas (Mons.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 39]; see sub Pantrwyddeles (22-a). Nearly all these names have been 'standardised' as Dulas, which has traditionally been explained as dark­ blue' [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle: xxxiii] (note Dros Gothi dulas y Vedyfnych blas [fl. l 360-90(130Q4/4) Llywelyn Goch in RBH (Poetry): 1 04] where the adjective dulas is used to describe the river Cothi, unless it be a form of the river Duwlais which lies between the river Cothi and Meddynfoch (Llandybre, Carms.)) . However, one of the earliest attestations of the name is Dub leis [ e. 1 140 LL: 145], which was known later - after the Gower peninsula had been anglicised as Blackpill 'black or dark stream' [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 1 15]. Therefore, the second term is glais 'stream'. The name is also attested in Douglas in the Isle-of-Man, noted Dufglas c. 1257; as well as in the Dawlish, Dalch etc. , of England [ 1 970 M. Richards et al.: 83]. In Brittany we fmd three streams called Daoulaz (Daoulas, Motreff, Finistere; St-Ge1ven, Cotes-d'Armor) whose forms demand a Welsh cognate *Dywlas, which forms Dywlas and Dow/as are given by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 139] but I do not know on what authority; cf. hn. Harthen(i). Cf. An Ghlaise Dhubh 'the black rivulet' (Conamara) [ 1990 T. Robinson: 109] ; Associated toponyms: Aberdulais (7-a), Bryndulais (8-a), Glandulais (7-a). Duwlas(i) -(� Brefi: 32: 69-54 7 1 -54)[du + glas]; [ma·r'diWlas J. Davies] Diwles 1 840TMS, Mon Dulas OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Cwmduwlas (32-a). Duwlas(ii) - (� Teifi: 29, 36, 3 5 : 58-47 61 -55) [du + glas]; [diWias M Hughes] Diwlas 1 5002/z Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Duwlas c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 68, Dwylaes c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 87, Dulas R 1 760map E.Bowen, River Twlas 1 81 8sur map, Diwlas 1 824 D.Davis p.6, Dulas 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 56, Mon Dulas OS 1 834, River Dulas OS 1 89 1 , Mon Dulas OS 1 904, Y Diwlas 1 904 D.Jenkins lv, Tywlas 1 924-26 CSRLS 7, i Ddiwlas 1 93 8 RJ.Thomas p. 1 40 "Na DIWLAS ddu yng ngodre'r ddol;" [ 1 824 D. Davis: 6]. cf. Diwlas als. Mochdre Brook (SO 08-90, Monts.) [1986 G. G. Evans: 5 1 ] . The form Tywlas and Tennies of 1 924-26 for Duwlas(ii) and Denis (d), is also found in tiWlas 'v:da a realisation of Duwlas Villa (Llangybi) [inf E. Lloyd] . Associated toponyms: Bro-Duwlas (29-a), Glanduwlas (23-a), Glanduwlas-isa (29-a), Glanduwlas-ucha (31-a), Olmarch-ganol (29-a). Dwmel(i) - (� SEA: 5, 8: 26- 5 1 27-50)[d'Wr + f.pn. Nel] ; �

�

�

�

1 244

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Dwr Nell, DWt- Nell 1 890 TS 02/0 1 /90, (c) Tran DWt- Nel (a fishermen's setting in the sea) 1 982 J.G.Jenkins p. 1 2 This name appears t o contain the f pn. Nel but it is disquieting that there is another DWrnel(ii) not s o far away (for toponymists it is an unwritten rule that if place-names of two elements are often found duplicated then what has the appearance of being a personal-name must be a common-noun). Associated toponyms: Helyg-fawr (5-a). Dwmel(ii) -(-+ SEA: 8 1 : 1 1-46)[dWt- + f pn. Nel]; Dwr Nell OS 1 89 1 , DWt- Nel OS 1 904 Dyfel -(-+ Duwlas(ii) : 25, 29, 3 5 : 59- 5 1 57-55)[pn Dyfel] ; Dyfal c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 87, Nant Dyfel OS 1 89 1 , a'r Dyfel l 904 D. Jenkins lv This could be the pn. Dyuel [c 1 250 BBC: 1 ], Dywel mab Erbin, buried in Caeo commote (Carms.) [c. 1 250 BBC: 39] (the variation between [w] and [v] in MW. could be due to the suspected bilabial realisation of [v] [ 1 964 GMW: 9], or simply due to variation of orthography [ 1 �64 GMW: 7-8]). This name would give MnW. *Dywel or *Dyfel. Taking the spelling Dyfal into consideration R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 140] connected the hn. Dyfel to the Carmarthenshire hn. Tweli originally Dyweli which he derived from dywal 'fierce, brave, cruel', "gan ddynodi rhediad gwyllt " The element dyfal also seems to be present in Tafolwern (Llanbrynmair, Monts.) a reanalysis of an older Dywalwem [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 1 9], Dwalwern 1 1 85, Dewalguern 1 1 90, Walwerne 1 293, Walwern 1 3 75, Dovolwern 1 572, Tavolwerne c. l 573 [ 1 935 D. M. Ellis: 224]; to which we can compare Waynddyval (cGlams.) [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 1 35] (the meaning of dyfal in the unlocated Waunddyfal is not wholly certain, if it is 'diligent, industrious', we may compare Waunsegur (79 a), however, dyfal also meant 'tedious, slow', and the separate (?) word dywal 'cruel, fearful'). The development of dyfal to dyfel is not at all regular, and one may suspect in the case of the form of c. 1 700 the reanalysis of the obscure dyfel as the known adjective dyfal 'diligent'. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 140] also advanced a connection between Dyweli and diwel 'to pour' (supposed to be a developed form of dichwel 'a turn' (GPC s.v. dichwel 1 l ). However, this seems unlikely for Dyfel as it is locally realised d�vel, while 'to pour' is realised diWel. Associated toponyms: BlaendY.fel (35-a). Dyfi -(-+ SEA: 75, 74, 77, 78, MONTS. , MERS. : SN 60-95 � SH 96-23) [du ? + -i] ; Ardufyrdd Auon >12thcent ( 1 300%) RBH in 1 978 RBromwich & RB.Jones p . 3 7, D u Fyrd > 1 21hcent. ( 1 300V4) WBRh in 1 978 RBromwich & RB.Jones p.37, Devi c. l l 9 1 Gir.IK p. l 22, (c) Dyffiynt Dyui 1 1 00¥z(c. l400) Llywelyn Fardd in Hendreg. p.46, Deui s.a. l 247(c. l 286) Ann.Camb. (B) p. 86, Dyui 1 28 1 CalChancR p. l 95, Devy 1281 CalChartR p. 28 1 , Deyvi 1 284 CaliM vol. l p. 387, o Dyvi ardal fl. l 3 60-90( 1 3 0Q4/4) Llywelyn Goch in RBH (Poetry) p. l 04, Dyvi 1 428 in MC vol l p . 255, Dyfy 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.772, Old Channel of the Dovey 1 790map T.Lewis, Y Dyfi 1 880 J.Rhys p. 48 1 , River Dovey, Afon Dyfi OS 1 891 "Os cysylltir y bon Dyf- yn yr enw hwn a'r ansoddair du +- *duv +- *dub, rhaid tybio mai dau ddatblygiad cyfochrog i'r un llafariad a gyfrif am y gwahaniaeth, W. G. 96; datblygiad a welir yn yr enw DYFAN uchod. Ceir lliaws o enwau afonydd a nentydd drwy Gymru yn cynnwys yr ansoddair du mewn rhyw ffurf neu'i gilydd . . . Ymddengys hefyd fod Dyfi yn enw person yn yr enwau lleoedd Hendre Dyfi ym mhlwyf Pen Morfa (Caern.); Tyddyn Dyfi, Tyddyn-dY.fi (O. S.M. ), ger Nant Ffreuer i'r gorllewin o Gynwyd (Meir. ). Yn Lhuyd Paroch. Ill . 56, enwir Dyjj; (Dory) fel tref ddegwm ym mhlwyf Sain Cler (St. Clears) (Caerf). Cysylltiol a'r enw dan sylw yw enw'r afon Dewy (Cernyw) neu Allen, fel y'i gelwir weithiau, rhagnant i Gamel. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 39). In a note by R G. Gruffydd [ 1 978 R. Bromwich & R. B. Jones: 3 5 ] about Marwnad Cadwallon ap Cadfan who fought against Edwin of Northumbria says: " Arbennig o ddiddorol yw'r trydydd enw ar ddeg sef Dufyrdd Afon', neu'n debycach 'Dufydd Afon': anodd meddwl nad at Ddyfi y cyfeirir, a bod gennym yma naill ai ffurf wreiddiol yr enw neu hen ffurf gyfochrog (gogleisiol iawn yw canfod fod ffermdy o'r enw Ynys Edwin ychydig i'r De o'r Domen Las, wrth hen aber yr afon). Y mae'r enw DY.fi o leiaf cyn hyned a'r ddeuddegfed ganrif, sy'n awgrymu y gall Du.fYdd, a chan hynny'r englynion, fod yn h:Yn fyth. " ; cf Dyfan (Pembs.) +- OW./OI. dub + -an [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 63-64]; see Carreg Ystumllaith (78-b). Associated toponyms: Domenlas (78-b), Glandyfi (77-a, 78-a). Dyfran -(-+ Pysgotwr: 32: 75-48 75-49)[pn. Dyfran] ; [d�vran, nant'd�vran, (c) kom'd�vran J. Lewis] -

�

.

-

-

�

inf

1245

-

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

I believe this name originally referred to the stream and not the ruins near Bryndyfran (3 2-b). The addition of the suffJX -an to MW. dwfr (MnW. dWr) would give our stream-name, and could be interpreted as 'little water', though I believe it is likelier that it was the personal-name OW. Dibran [c. l 140 LL: 21 8] , Dofran [c. 1 1 40 LL: 16 9] , even though such an old name i s not common with streams a s small a s this particular stream. It does not seem to represent a reduction of a compounded form such as dwyfran 'two crows', as the reduction apparent in the northern Welsh pronunciation dwyjlwydd as d�vluj.(), is not found in Cardiganshire, where dwyjlwydd is pronounced dujvlu6. However, there is a Cwmdwyfran (SN 40-24, Bronwydd, Carms. ) which seems to contain the name of a stream, and Nant Dwyran (SH 84-1 9, Dinasmawddwy, Mers.), and Castelldwyran (SN 14- 1 8, Clunderwen, Carms.), may contain dwyfran, but this is not the case of Dwyran (Angl.) +-- dwy + rhan, which referred to the splitting of the township into Dwyran Feuno belonging to the church of Clynnog, and Dwyran Esgob belonging to the church of Bangor [1996 Gw. T. Jones & T. Roberts: 26] . Associated toponyms: Bryndyfran (32-b). Egnant -(� Mouro: 34: 76-65 � 79-67)[helyg + nant] ; [eg nant E. & E. Edwards, W. Owen] Egnant 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 30, Nant Egnant OS 1 89 1 The sixteenth-century forms - viz. Llinn Helignant, 'shorter' Lignante 1 539, Llyn Legnant 1 578 - show this stream's name is identical to Helygnant (d). An identical reduction appears in the name Egnant (SN 9338, Llanflhangel Nantbn1n, Brees.). Associated toponyms: Blaenegnant (34-a), Llynegnant (34-b). Einon(i) -(� SEA: 78: 68-96 73-72)[pn. Einion]; Eynniaun 1 201 in 1 949 MC vol. 5 1 p. 1 73, Eniaun 1 226 in 1 982 RMorgan p. 24, Enniaun 1226 in 1 947 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 54, Euniaun 1 226 {v.l. 1 949 MC vol. 5 1 p. 1 87} , Eynon 1 284 CaliM vol. 1 p. 387, Eynon 1 304 in 1 936 MRhys p.271 , Eynon Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Einon River 1 790sur map, Einon R. 1 803map J. Singer, Afon Einon OS 1 834, Einon 1 901 J.Rhys p. 5 1 7, Afon Einion OS 1 891 Associated toponyms: Blaeneinon (78-a), Bwlcheinon (78-a), Cwmeinon (78-a, 78-b), Einon Cottages (78-a), Moe/ Penprys (78-b), Ystradeinon (78-a). Einon(ii) -(� Cletwr(ii): 1 4: 45-42 � 46-45)[pn Einion]; R Einon 1 803map J. Singer, Einon 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 32, Nant Einon OS 1 891 Associated toponyms: Abereinon (14-a), Blaeneinon (1 4-a), Broneinon (1 4-a), Bryneinon (1 5-a), Cwmeinon (15a), Einon-seid (145-a), Esgaireinon (15-a). Eirw -(� Hirwem: 4: 26-47 28-48)[y + geirw] ; Nant Eirw OS 1 89 1 See 1 868 B . Williams p.36. Associated toponyms: Glaneirw (4-a), Nanteirw (4-a), Pennanteirw (4-a). Elan -(� Gwy: 59, RADS . : 96-65 8 1 -73)[ ? + -an] ; Elan Water 1 539 J.Leland p. 1 22, Elan c. 1 600 in H.Owen 1 906 vol. 3 p.3 34, River Elan 1 803map J. Singer, Afon Elan OS 1 891 "Am y bon El- yn enw'r afon hon, tebyg ei fod i'w gysylltu a'r bon el- a welir yn y ffurfiau berfol dibynnol elwyf, &c., W.G. 367, Cemyweg Canol yllyj, Llydaweg Canol yelo, Hen Wyddeleg ad-ella, di-ella (gyda'r bon *ell- +-- *el-n-), Gr. E:A.aw, E:A.ai>vw +-- gwreiddyn *elii- 'gyrru, gwthio'. Dichon mai'r bon hwn hefyd sydd yn enwau'r afonydd ELWY (Dinb. , Ffl. ); Elaver, heddiw !'Allier yn Ffrainc; Elna, tair afon yng Ngal (Holder) . Rhoddai'r gwreiddyn *pel- 'gyrru, gwthio' (a roes Lladin pella) *el- yn y Gelteg. Llifa Elan fel Elwy drwy ucheldir, ac y mae iddi rediad cryf a chyflym; cymharer enwau'r afonydd Cinga yn Ysbaen (Holder), a Cingidh yn Sgotland, a'r un bon ag a welir yn y berfenw rhygyngu, Hen Wyddeleg cingim 'camaf. I Hefyd nid amhosibl nad enw person yw Elan. Yn C.F. i. 209-1 0, adroddir y traddodiad am y tair chwaer a ddihangodd o orlifiad Caer Arianrhod yn Arfon, sef Gwennan bi Don, Elan Bi Don, a Mae/an bi Don; odid na choffeir . . . [yr] ail yn Maes-Ellan c. 1 830, O. S.M., rhwng Llanwnda a Llanfaglan (Caem. ). Y mae'n eithaf tebyg mai Gwyddeleg oedd yr ardal hon gynt, yn enwedig pan gofrr am enw'r llecyn Llannerch Lljin, yr un, yn ol pob tebyg, a Lljin (Caem. ), ar lan Elan ger yr Alit Goch i'r gogledd­ orllewin o Raeadr Gwy. " [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 66]; c£ tn. Caer Elan (Bodedem, Angl.) [ 1 908 E. R. Jones: 77] . Associated toponyms: Blaenelan (59-b), Byrlymau-Elan (59-b), Clapelan (59-b), Esgairelan (59-b), Grafiau­ Elan (59-b), Gwaunelan (59-b), Rhoselan (59-b). Eleri -(� Pul-newydd: 75: 61 -89 72-86)[pn. Eleri] ; �

�

�

�

1246

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Elery 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 28 1 , Helery 1 284 CaliM vol. 1 p . 3 87, Eleri 1 3 0 1 -02 ARCWW p. 62, Elery 1 3 04 in 1 93 6 M Rhys p. 27 1 , Eleri 1 3 00% RBH Poetry 1 049. 3 6, Lery Flu: 1 5 78map C . SaxtOI\ E lery 1 602 G. Owen vol.4 p.448, Elerch 'a river . . . [that] falls into Eleri' > 1 765 L. Morris p. 1 60, Lerry River 1 776map M Mackenzie, Lery, Lery Riv.

1 803 map J. Singer, Leary 1 82 1 Derry Ormond MS S, River Lery

OOS 1 834, Lerry River c. 1 850map Perfedd, Llyri 1 869 B. Williams p. 1 3 7, Afon Leri OS 1 89 1

Pul-newydd was cut to Cwter-y-penrhyn, SN 6 1 6-940. Old Course of the river Lerry [ 1847aEncl. map Corsfochno] . Have the upper reaches a different name - Eleirch? The upper reaches are noted Eleri near Bwlchstyllen (72-a) in one source [c. l 850map Perfedd] . "Digwydd Eleri fel enw perSOJ\ ac, os dyna ydyw yma, yna lledodd yn enw ar afol\ . . . Yn P. K.M. 1 5 8, cysylltir Eleri ac Alar, Digon mab Alar, yn rhestr yr enwau cellweirus yn W.M. 46 1 , gan wrthod y cynnig i'w darddu o Hilarius, L .B . S . ii. 428; Alar, yn 61 pob tebyg, yr un a'r enw alar 'gormodedd', berfenw alaru. Digwydd Eleri fel enw person yn Eleri o Bennant GWytherin yn Ryuonyoc (Dinb. ) Cy. vii. 1 3 3 . Yr enw person hwn + y rhagddodiad parch neu anwyldeb My- (fy), Ty- (dy) yn blaenori,a welir yn Meleri (enw merch), TYLERI, TELERI (Myn. ) . " [ 1 938 R.J.Thomas p.l48]. cf hn. Teleri (Mons.), Dinasteleri (Mers.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 71 ] . N. Carlisle [ 1 81 1 : xxxvi] compared Eleri with Llyr 'the sea, also water', Loire France, Leire in Leicestershire, whilst H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.448] derived Eleri from L. pn. Hilarius, both suppositions being unfounded. Associated toponyms: Aberleri (75-a, 75-b), Cwmleri (76-a), Eleri View (76-a), Glanleri (74-a), Gwernleri (75-b), Pontleri (75-b). Eleri Brook - (a drain between Pul-newydd and old course of Eleri: 75: 6 1 -9 1 60-9 1 )[hn. Eleri + E. brook]; Originally ran from SN 6 1 6-897 t o SN 609-91 0, and thence t o SN 605-924, but

�

Leri Brook OS 1 89 1 , Leri Brook (drain) OS 1 982

Erfin -(�

Clarach: 72: 63-83

�

70-82)[ ? ] ;

Salek Flu: (sic) 1 5 78map C. Saxton, River Ervin 1 747map L.Morris, The River Ervin 1 747sur map L.Morris p . 3 6, Ervin 1 75 5 L.Morris in 1 907 J.H.Davies p . 3 62, Nant Silo (lower course) OS 1 89 1 That this river-name applied to the lower course of the river - presently called Seilo

- seems assured from Cwmerfin (72-a); the name Seilo, not known till the end of the nineteenth century, seems likely to have been extracted from a local place-name, see Dolmasaleg (72-a); and the 1 578 form doubtlessly refers to the nearby river Masaleg. " . . . Cwmervin (nid maip) . . . Ervin is ye name of ye river that runs cross ye ve� but I dont know what ye word is no more than Symlog, Rheidiol, Peithyll,

the site of Melin

Ystwyth, Leri, Wyre, Elerch; the names of other rivers in this neighbourhood, strange sounds! However,

I am not certain but it is Erjjm ; Cleddau or Cleddyf is ye name Gwain, why not Erjyn?" [ 1 755 L. Morris in 1 907 J. H. Davies: 363 ] . L. Morris's reasoning is sound, but his Gwain is doubtlessly Gwaun (Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 3), which has nothing to do with gwain '(sword) sheath'. Other hydronyms, apart from Cleddau/Cleddy, connected with sharp instruments are Aradr, Cyllell, Gefail, Gelau, Gwachell, Myniawyd, Nodwydd, Ogau, Taradr, Trosol, are noted by R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 100]. " Am yr enw Eifin, odid nad enw person ydyw wedi lledu ar ei ben ei hun yn enw ar nant, . . . bu gWt- o'r enw Eifin yn un o esgobion cynnar Dewi. Digwydd yr enw person Ermin ( Eljin), Bk. of St. Chad, Lib. Land. xlv, a cheir bon Eif- yn yr enw person Eifig, Hen Gymraeg Ermic, ac Ermint ( Eifint neu Eifynt), op. cit. 23 6 . Yn sicr nid yr enw lluosog eljin 'maip' a welir yma . " ( 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 205]. Cf pn. Eruin, bishop of St Davids, £1. 1 OOOAD [c. 1 1 91 Gir.IK: 104] (I suspect the MW. pn. Erbin to be an unreformed OW. spelling for Eljin, e.g. Dywel mab Erbin [ c. l 250 BBC: 39]); cf Llwyn-eifyn (prox. Ysgeifiog, Flints.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 362] . Associated toponyms : Blaencwmeifin (72-a), Bwlch (72-a), Cwmeifin (72-a), Glanseilo (72-a), Melin Cwmeljin (72-a), Nantseilo (72-a). my chief delight now is in Cwmerv� but of a river, and so is

=

=

Ergyr -(�

Castell: 7 1 : 79-82

�

80-82) [ergyr] ;

Ergyr > 1 765 L. Morris p. 1 72 The meaning of ergyr is 'thrust', and is cognate with OB.

ercor, OI. erchor, irchor, urchor [ GPC s.v. ergyr] . urchar cognate meaning 'a cast, a shot' gave its name to Urquharts, Leden Urquhart (Fife), Urquhart (Dtrnfermline), which W. J. Watson [1 926: 352-53] thought might have reference, either to a real or mythical feat of casting, or to a spur or offshoot of rising ground; cf Cwerchyr (d). Associated toponyms: Cwmergyr (71-a ), Ffrwdergyr (71-b ). Erthig - (� Arth(i): 47: 49-62 52-6 1 ) [hn. Arth(i) + -ig]; Its Sc.-G.

�

Nant E rthyg O S 1 89 1 Obviously a diminutive in

-ig ofArth(i) [ 1 938 R.

J.

Thomas: 1 87] .

1247

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Associated toponyrns: Alit Cwmerthig (47-b), Blaenerthig (44-a). Ffinnant(i) -(� Ceri: 8 : 3 3-47 32-48)[ffm + nant] ; Ffinant 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/16 It may be that the ffin in this name is connected to the lands around Brithdir (8-a) granted to the Hospitallers of S lebech (Pembs.) in the twelfth century, lands which they subsequently lost before the end of the Middle Ages; cf Ffinnant (14-a; 22-a; 28-a), Ffinnant Fadfa ( 14-a), hns. Ffinnant (5x) (Monts.) [ 1 986 G. G. Evans: 58-5 9] . Associated toponyrns: Abeiffinnant (8-a), Blaennant (8-a). Ffinnant(ii) -(� Teifi: 1 5 : 52-45 52-46) [ffm + nant] ; AberfiYnant 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS Cf sub Blaencrwser (16-a). Associated toponyrns: Ffinnant (1 5-a), Nantffin (1 5-a). Fflur -(� Teifi: 34: 69-64 74-6 1 ) [fflur]; Flur 1 1 81 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Fflyr 1 500-o/'z Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Clier 1 760map E.Bowen, Fflur R. 1 803map J.Singer, Afon Fflur OS 1 89 1 , Afon Fflur 0Sc. 1 950 W. Rees [c. l3 50(1 933)map] gives a Nant Flur near Talachddu (Brees.). I. Williams [1 948 ruse 1 946-47: 41] notes a f pn. Fjlur. Associated toponyrns: Blaencwmfflur (34-a), Blaenjjlur (34-a), Camfjlur (34-b), Castellfflur (34-a), Melinfflur (34-a), Ponifjlur (34-b), Rhiwfflur (34-b ), Ystradjjlur (34-a). Ffosbibled -(a drain between Ynysfchno and Ynyscynfelyn: 77: 63-92 64-9 1 )[ffos + y + ? ]; Fos Bibled 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno Ffos-y-bryn -(� Dilyw-fawr: 6 1 : 83-78)[ffos + y + bryn] ; Ffos y Bryn 1 865Encl map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn Ffos Bryndu -(-+ Nant-y-brithdir: 32: 77-52)[ffos + tn. Bryndu] ; [fo:s,brm'di: J. Jones] �

�

�

�

inf

Ffos Bryn-mawr -(the name of the upper course of Nantmelyn(ii): 34: 79-66)[ffos + tn. Bryn-mawr] Ffos Bryn mawr 1 843TMS Caron, Ffos Bryn-mawr OS 1 891 Ffoscoli -(� Brouan: 79: 1 7-43 1 6-44) [ffos + y + *coli]; Bachellan c. 1 603 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 268, Ffoes y Coly 1 6 1 4W (BGCh), Foes y Koly 1 61 4 F. Green MSS vol. l O p. l 2, Fose y Collick 1 791LT (BGCh), Ffos Colic OS1 891 For the original name see sub Nantparchellan (79-a). B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 1 82] connects this tentatively with Lefose, which was part of the manorial-name of Granant, this seems unlikely as Ffoscoli is on the other side of the parish some miles away. An identical name existed in Aberporth parish: Ffos y Koly [1648 Aberglasney MS 124], Cwm=coli [ 1 770PR Aberporth], 'lane' Ffosgoleg [ 1 924-26 CSRLS 4], Ffosgolyg [192426 CSRLS 5]; the meaning of coli is unknown, see Gwemcoli (32-a). Associated toponyrns: Nantparchellan (79-a). Ffoscregyn -(� SEA: 77: 64-94)[ffos + y + cregyn]; Ffos y Cregin 1 790map T.Lewis, Fos Craigin 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno Ffosddu -(-+ Nantlluest(i): 59: 78-69 78-70) [ffos + du] ; Ffos Ddu O S 1 891 This is shown mainly as bog [OS I 891]. Ffosderfyn -(� SEA: 78: 66-95 68-94)[ffos + terfyn] ; [fo·s'dervm W. J. Jenkins] �

�

�

inf

This formed the limit of the Gogerddan and Ynyshir estates [inf. w. J. Jenkins] . Ffos-fawr(i) -(� Nant Celli-gogau: 72: 8 1 -89)[ffos + mawr] ; Ffos fawr, Nant Ffos fawr 1 790sur map Ffos-fawr(ii) -(� SEA: 78: 67-96 67-95)[ffos + mawr] ; Ffos fawr 1 790map T .Lewis Ffos-y-fedwen -(� Camddwr(i): 32: 79-52 - 99- 5 l )[ffos + y + bedwen] ; Ffos-y-fedwen 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi Ffosfelen-fawr -(� Nant Llynfign: 59: 80-70 80-7l )[ffos + melen (+ mawr)] Ffos Felen fawr 1 844TMS Gwnnwys Ffosffin(i) -(� SEA: 46: 43-61 45-60) [ffos + y + ffm] ; Ffos-y-ff'm OS 1 891 , Ffos-y-ffin OS 1 904, Ceri Brook OS 1 982 �

�

�

1 248

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

The hn. Ceri has probably been extracted from a mistaken reading of Cilcert (46-a) as * Cilceri (cf Blaen Cilcert, 46-a). The Hofjhant river reported at HenfYnyw by H. Owen [ 1 906: 3.32 1 ] is a mistake for Hownant an alias ofMynyw, an alias for St Davids (Pembs.). Associated toponyms: Bro-Ceri (46-a), Ffoiffin (46-a). Ffos-y-ff"m (ii) - (� Teifi: 3 0, CARMS. : 59-48 60-47) [ffos + y + ffm]; Ffoes y Fryn 'parts Cards. and Carms. ' c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.86 Ffosfrwynog -(� Monddu(iv): 6 1 : 8 1 -78 8 1 -77)[ffos + brwynog]; [nant,kareg'bika T. Griffiths] Ffos-frwynog 1 865Encl. map Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn Ffosgam - (� Pul Loj: 77: 65-94)[ffos + cam] ; Fos Cam 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno Ffosgau -(name of upper course of Nant Troedrhiw: 61 : 83-76 82-76) [ffos + cauL [liest'wen (prox. ) T. Griffiths, (c) tro·,kar'Hes'wen M. Griffiths] Nant y Lluest Wen OS 1 834, Ffos Gau OS1 891 Lluestwen is a part of the mountain rather than a stream [inf T. Griffiths], the bend (tro) of Tro Car Lluestwen is bend on road (inf. M. Griffiths] . Ffos-y-gloren - (� Camddwr(i): 32: 76-56)[ffos + y + cyloren] ; [fo:s�'gloren J. Jones] Ffoes y Goloren 1 691 CD 79, Ffos-y-gloren 1 88 9Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Ffos Cil-horen (sic loc. ) OS1 89 1 Ffos-y-grach - (� Doethlau-fawr: 32: 74-54)[ffos + ? ] ; [fo:s�'gra:x D . Jones(i)] �

�

�

in£

The second term in this name and Allt-y-grach (48-b) cannot be gwrach 'old woman, witch' as gwrach would be expected to lenite. However, derivatives of gwrach with other meanings are are found, e.g. gwrachen (pl. gwrachod) 'wood-louse', gwrachen (pl. gwrachennod) 'tench' [GPC s.v. gwrachan], and there is no doubt that some such animal is found in Bwlch y Grachied als. Ochor y Forest (Llanddingad, Canns.) [ 1 803 D. T. M. Jones MSS : 4.538] , and a fish in Llynnergwrachiod 1 646 (unloc., Llanfihangel Penbedw) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 383]. The term gwrachen also appears to have meant 'scum (on the body of a liquid)' [GPC s.v. gwrachan] . Another possibility is that gwrach is the stem of gwreichion 'sparks', which has been preserved in B. as a masculine-noun gwrac 'h , cf tn. Gwem-ar-gwrac'h (Spezet, Finistere). Yet another possibility is that a non-etymological has grown between the adverb crach 'scabby' and the preceding feminine noun. The sense of crach as applied to a body of water such as .ffos is not evident, but one might compare Ddol Pwll Crach (unloc., Clydai) [1 877 in 1 992 PN Pembs: 399] . Ffos-y-gwjr - (� Nant-y-brithdir: 32: 78-53 77-52)[ffos + y + gw)'r]; [fo:s�'gwi:r J.Jones] �

in£

Ffosj encyns - (� Pul Treddol: 77: 63-93 64-93)[ffos + sn. Jenkins]; Fos-Jenkins 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno, Jenkin's Drain 1 847bEncl. map Corsfochno Ffoslas(i) -(name of upper course of Milwyn: 59: 80-72 8 1-72)[ffos + glas]; [fo:s'la:s T. Griffiths] Llyast Rhos Lase ? 1 760 Coleman MS 1 47, Ffos Lias OS 1 89 1 , Fros Las OS 1 904, Ffos Las 1 924-26 CSRLS 58 Ffoslas(ii) - (� Nantmelyn(vi): 6 1 : 8 1-80)[ffos + glas]; [fo:s'la:s M Griffiths] Ffos Lias OS 1 891 , Ffos Las OS 1 904, Ffos Las OS 1 982 This is shown as bog [081891]. Ffoslwyd - (� Dilyw-fawr: 61 : 83-8 1 )[ffos + llwyd]; [fo:s'lujd, fo:s,lujd'�a M. Griffiths] Ffos Llwyd OS 1 834, Ffos Llwyd-ucha OS 1 891 , Ffos Lwyd-uchaf OS 1 904, Ffos Lwyd uchaf OS1 982 Associated toponyms: Blaen.ffoslwyd (61-b). Ffos-y-mawn - (� Pul Treddol: 77: 64-93)[ffos + y + mawn] ; Fos-y-mawn 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno Ffos-y-palis - (� SEA: 78: 67-96)[ffos + y + palis] ; Ffos y Pales 1 790map T.Lewis For the spelling pales, cf Nant-y-pales (Guilsfield, Monts.), Nant y Palis 1 800 [ 1 987 G. G. Evans: 58 ]. Ffos Pant-y-coed -(� Pul Treddol: 77: 64-93 64-92)[ffo s + tn. Pant-y-coed] ; Fos Pant y Coed 1 847aEncl. map Corsfochno Ffos Rhydgoch-fach - (� Claerddu: 34: 80-67) [ffos + tn. Rhydgoch-fach] ; Ffos Rhyd Goch fach 1 843TMS Caron Ffostegan - (� Dyfran: 32: 75-48 75-49)[ffos + tn. Tegan] ; [fos'tegan J. Lewis] �

�

�

�

1249

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

in£ Ffostelynau

-(-+ Cothi: 32: 69-50 � 70-50) [ffos + y + telynau] ;

Ffos Telynau 1 840TMS, Ffo s Telynau 1 8 79map ECE SD90

Ffosto

-(-+ Nant Rhibynmain: 32: 78- 5 1 ) [ffo s + y + to] ;

[fos'to:

J. Jones]

Ffos To 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi

Ffostrosol - (-+

Claerwen: 59: 8 1 -7 1 � 82-72) [ffo s + y + trosol] ;

Ffos Trosol O S 1 834, Ffos Drosol 1 844TMS Ysbyty Ystwyth, Nant Ffos-trosol OS 1 89 1 , Ffos Trosol OS 1 904, Ffos als. Cors Drosol 1 924-26 CSRLS 23 For the etymology see sub

Ffostrasol (1 3-a),

an etymology demanding allusion to carts being stuck in a

ditch seems unlikely in this remote area, where there was no known (at least to myself) road or way. Nevertheless in the vicinity some 900m to the

N

and

w

lie

Bryn Cae-Mwythig,

whose name

if correctly

interpreted by me, means that there was a '(mountain) enclosure of Shrewsbury', presumably where stock was collected while on transit on the long haul to Shrewsbury market. If so this would demonstrate the economic incentive for transit in this particular area. However the neighbouring stream of Drawsffos 'cross-ditch' to the SE (in Radnorshire) does lead one to wonder whether trosol - as a tros 'across' - can mean 'across' . Ffosyddgleision -(-+ Rheidol: 70: 75-85 � 76-85)[ffosydd + gleision] ;

derivative in

-ol of

Ffo syddgleision OS 1 904

Ffrwd

-(-+ Teifi: 30: 60-48 � 63-47)[ffrwd] ; Frwd c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 67, Ffrwd c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 86, R Ffrwd 1 803map J. Singer, Frwd Cynon 1 808 S . R Meyrick p . 2 1 3 , Frwd 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. 2 1 9, Frwyd Cynon OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffrwd Cynon OS 1 8 3 4, Frwd River 1 843TM8 Cellan, Ffrwd Cynon OS 1 891 Associated toponyms:

Ffrwd Gorshir -(-+

Cwmffrwd (30-a), Glanffrwd (30-a).

Llyndeifi � Teifi: 5 8 : 78-67 � 78-68) [ffrwd + tn. Gorshir] ;

[fru:d,k;:,rs'bi:r W.

Owen]

Nant Frwd Groes Hir 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Nant Ffrwd-gors-hlr 08 1 891 , Nant Ffrwd Gors Hir 1 924-26 CSRL8 58

Ffrwdwen - (-+ Aeron:

25, 35: 5 6-56 � 57-55)[:ffiwd + gwen];

[fru:d'wen, nant'frudwen B.

Jones]

Ffrwdwen 1 904 J. Evans p. 64

Ffrydmor -(-+

Teifi: 3 : 22-43 � 25-47) [ffrwd + mawr] ;

Freciuaur {sic for

Fretmaur}

[arb�re I.

Jones]

1 242 Litt.Wall. p. 3 8, Frydma6[r]

Hendreg. in 1 996 Rh.M. Andrews

et al.

?

fl. 1 222-68(c. 1 400) Prydydd Bychan

in

p. l 46, Tir John ap Rees Lloyd ar Lan Frudmor 1 63 7 Bronwydd

MS S , Tir John ap Rees Lloyd ar Lan Ffridmor 1 63 9 Bronwydd MS8 , 'Trefwtial land with the river' Frydmore 1 68 5 EEW MSS , 'stream' Arberth 1 896 J.Rhys in Cymru vol. 1 1 p. 1 52, Nant Arberth OS 1 89 1 The feminine noun ffrwd may have originally been a neuter (see sub

Trychrug, 43-b), and this would Ffrydmor. It would seem to be the building bet. 1 83 9-68 of a mansion which was renamed Glanarberth (sub Pantgwybedig, 3-a), which brought about the later name Arberth, this had been falsely deduced from the name Pont Rhydarberth (3-a). Associated toponyrns: Brynarberth (3-a), Pantgwybedig (3-a), Pont Rhydarberth (3-a). FfWibro -(-+ Rheidol: 66: 59-80 � 60- 8 1 ) [E. foul + brook]; [fulbruk S. Thomas] explain the lack of lenition in

'river' Fulbrook 1 7 1 6 Abertrinant M8S

*F.fivlbrog in which the final was elided to give (c21 8) Cae F.fivlbro 1 992 (sub Heolffwlbro, 66-a); cf F.fivlbroc (33-a); Gwaunffulbro (8-a). Associated toponyms: Heolf .fivlbro (66-a). The original Welsh form was probably

F.fivlbro

Gido -(-+ Llethi:

1 843,

22, 2 1 : 40- 5 8 � 3 9-5 5 ) [gido ] ;

Mon Gido 08 1 89 1 It i s almost certainly a secondary formation from a reanalysis o f the neighbouring Mot-y-gido

(22-a);

this

supposition is strengthened by the fact that the name of upper course of Gido is Beillen (also a secondary

Rhyd-y-beillen, 22-a). This confusion in names has led the OS [OS1904; OS1982] to put the Gido for a tributary stream (-+ Gido: 1 9, 2 1 : 4056 � 3 95 5) between Penrhiwgaled and Frongoch (1 9-a). Afon Blac-leion (d) is also supposed to have been called Gido. Associated toponyms : Bro-Gido (22-a). formation from name

Glais -(-+ SEA: 65, 67: 5 8-8 1 � 59-82) [glais] ; in£ Cf Glais (Llansamlet, Glams.). 1250

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Associated toponyms:

Bronglais (65-a), Penglais (65-a).

GlasffJWd -(--* Teifi: 34: 74-65 � 76- 6 1 ) [glas + ffrwd] ; Glesserode, Gresrode 1 53 9 J.Leland in 1 80 8 S . R. Meyrick p. l 3 1 , Glasrwd 1 765 Nanteos fpl. 302, Glas Rwd R 1 803map J. Singer, River Glafrwd 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant Glasffrwd 1 843 TMS Caron, Glasffrwd O S 1 89 1 Associated toponyms :

BlaenglaifjlWd (34-a).

Gloewnant -(--* Nant-y-gribin: 32: 77-47)[gloew + nant] ;

[nant'glownant J.

Lewis]

in£ Gloewon -( --* Cletwr-fawr: 1 8 : 42-49

�

39-5 1 ) [gloew + -an] ;

Nant Gloywon 1 56 1 Nouadd MSS, Nant Glowen OS 1 89 1 , Nant Glowon >1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 3 1 Associated toponyms : Blaengloewon (1 8-a). Gorffen -(--* Fflur: 34: 7 1 -64 � 73-62) [gorffen] ;

Henjjmachlog, 34-a)

Aber Krafnant (prox.

? 1 5002fz Cwrt-mawr MS 44, River Gorphen 1 8 1 8sur map,

Nant Gorphen OS 1 891 The meaning of gorffen 'end' appears in this case to be 'limit', cf.

Thomas:

xxii] . H. Owen

(see sub

Cyffin, d),

[1 936: 4 .443 ]

I. forcenn

'end, boundary'

[ 1938 R.

J.

thought it referred to the boundary of monastic lands of Ystradffiur

though its course is closer to that marking the limit between the mountain wastes and

farmed lowlands in Uwch-clawdd. Associated toponyms:

Blaengor:ffen (34-a), Cwmgor:ffen (34-a).

Granell -(--* Teifi: 24, 1 6, 1 5, 22: 5 3 -46 � 46-52) [grae(a)n + -ell]; Grannell 1 5002fz Cwrt-mawr MS 44, Grannill c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Grannell 1 760map E.Bowen, Granell 1 779 in 1 905 G.E.Evans p. 1 3 , Grannell R 1 803 map J. Singer, Crannel, 'recte' Grannell 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle xxxii, Grawnell 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p . 862, Crannell 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p . 974, River Grannell 1 839TMS Dihewyd, Mon Grannell OS 1 89 1

[ 1 938: 93, 95]

of Granell to the many rivers named Arannell i n S outh Wales, and Arganhell. The only form he adduces without the initial is: "? Aberarranneth (= Aberarannell) 1 299, Cart. Glam. iii. 9 1 0", an unconvincing equation. It is better to equate Granell with, cf Riugraenauc (Glams.) [c. 1 140 LL: 1 47] ; Dolrannog (prox. Newport, Pembs.); Talrannog [1 595 Bronwydd MSS); Do/gran (Pencader, Carms.). The gran 'shelving or precipitous' quoted by N. Carlisle [ 181 1 : xxxii ] is unknown to GPC. Associated toponyms: Abergranell (24-a), Blaengranell (22-a), Bro-Granell (16-a), Glangranell (1 5-a), Granell (14-a), Melinraber (16-a). R J . Thomas

Ariannell

GwenffiWd(i)

(

- �

connection

in North Wales seems incorrect, as these are derived from OW.

Aeron: 4 1 : 5 9-58 � 5 9-63) [gwen + ffrwd];

Wennffrodde 1 562 Bronwydd MS S, Gwenffrwd 1 872 T.Jones in 1 982 Barcud n. 63 , Gwennffrwd 1 93 0 E.Edwardes p . 5 , Gwenffrwd O S 1 89 1

Graigwen (40-a): "Galwyd GwenjJlWd gan DafYdd Harri oherwydd y rhaeadr ofnadwy dros y Graig Wen. " [ 1 872 T. Jones in 1 982 Barcud: 63], 'Galwyd GwenjJlWd o achos rhaeadr dros y Graig Wen rhwng Llanfaelog a Henbant' [ 1930 E. Edwardes: 5). It seems clear from the 1 562 form that this river was named long before Dafodd Harri was There i s a tradition that this river was named after a waterfall o n it s course near

hi

alive so that the tradition related by T. Jones seems suspect. The numerous other examples of the river­ name

Gwenffnvd are

old names, coined when jfnvd had its original meaning of 'stream', it is likely that

this was also the case with this river, but that by coincidence there was a waterfall on its course (SN 596 1 ) by which the name could be explained by later generations of Welsh speakers, for whom ffnvd had come to mean 'waterfall'. Associated toponyms: Gwenffrwd(ii)

(

- �

GlangwenjJlWd (41 -a).

Teifi: 1 4 : 42-41 � 42-44)[gwen + ffrwd]

Gwenffrwd OS 1 904 GwenffiWd(iii)

(

- �

Teifi: 4, 6: 29-41 � 28-45)[gwen + ffrwd] ;

Gwenffrwd OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms : Gweryn

(

- --*

Cwmcou (6-a), PontgwenjJlWd (6-b). [gwarm E.

Mon Hengwm: 72: 79-89 � 80-87)( ? ] ;

Howells]

Gwerin River 1 747map L. Morris, Mon-gweryn O S 1 834, Mon Gwaryn c. 1 8 50map Perfedd, Avon Gwarin 1 8002hmap Hengwm, Mon Gweryn OS 1 89 1 , Mon Gwarin OS 1 904, Gwerin 1 93 8 RJ. Thomas p.206

125 1

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

The original [e] seems to have become [a] because it preceded [r] (though most examples of this occur when preceding [rc]). R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 206-D7] tentatively connected this river-name with OI. ferg 'anger, violence', as well as OI. fuirge, gl. aequor, abyssus, pointing to a hn. Fairg in Scotland. However, I. Williams [ 1 943 BBCS: 1 1 . 1 42] was not convinced and argued it was gweryn 'liquor, liquid', and quoted a line of Middle Welsh "Oe eneu ef y kerdant avonoed y rei a werynant gwywon wevussoed y dynyon. " Both scholars connected Gweryn to Tryweryn (Mers., Brees.) - the spelling Tryweren of the Breconshire example by the OS maps being a mistake [inf}. There are also rivers named Grwnau (Brecs./Mons.), Guerinou [c. 1 140 LL: 1 34], W. Gnvne, E. Grooney (Gnvyne on OS maps) [1 906 H. Owen: 3.32 1 ] , as well a Gwerinddwr (prox. Rhuabon, Denbs.), and Gwerin a cottage on a stream in (Llanymawddwy, Mers.). Another tempting etymology is that connected to gweryn which referred to a 'worm' that bred and bored the backs of cattle [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 206-D7] . The root *wer- 'to turn, to wriggle' also found in L. uermis, E. worm [GPC s.v. g\veryn2] , might explain hydronyms containing gweryn as rivers that wriggled, twisted, wormed their courses, which would certainly suit the course of this particular Gweryn. Gweryn is also found early in Henisweryn 1 5thcent. (E. Wormshead, Gower, Glams.) [ 1 908 LBS: 2.1 10] and was applied, no doubt, to this island because of its wriggly shape. Associated toponyms: Blaencwmgweryn (72-b), Cwmgweryn (72-b). Gwichell - (� Aeron: 39: 62-65 60-64)[tn. [Bryn]wichell (39-a)]; Y Wichell 1 93 6 D.Jenkins p. 57 A name extracted from the place-name Brynwichell (39-a). Gwiddon - (� Aeron: 42, 43 : 52-57 � 54-59)[gwiddon]; 'the water' Gwythen 1 57 1 Crosswood MSS, (c) Cwm y Weiddon 1 593 Crosswood MSS, Wion 'a brook that separates Cilcennin and Tre:filan' c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 1 , Nant Bwlch-y-wernen OS 1 89 1 There are a number of hns. Gwiddon (Sugarloaf, Uanfair-ar-y-bryn, Carms.; Newcastle Emlyn, Carms.; Abercarn, Mons.). -(� Elan: 59: 87-73 83-72)[pn. Gwyngu] ; [u(Jgi , guggi 1 980 I. Dafydd p . 7] Gwngu River Gwngi 1 894map Abergwngu, Mon Gwngu OS 1 89 1 The part above Llynwngu (59-b) is called Nant-y-llyn. The pn. Gwyngu is found in OC. Wincuf [ 1 0th_ 1 1 thcent. Bodm.Manu.] , and B.tn. Lokundu (Tourc'h, Finistere), Locunguff 1 575, � B. log + pn. Gwengu, whose name is translated in the nearby parish of Scaer into French Sainte Candide [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 2 1 1 ] . Associated toponyms: Abergwngu (59-a), Blaengwngu (59-b), Llethrgwngu (59-b), Llynwngu (59-b), Talwmgwngu (59-b). Gwrog - (� Gwenffrwd(iii): 4, 6: 28-43 27-43)[pn. Gwrog] ; Nant Gwrog OS 1 89 1 Mislead by the form o f the place-name Blaengwrog (6-a) in 1 65 1 , R . J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 88] assumes the form to be Gwarig, so that his proposed etymologies are irrelevant; � g»yr [ 1 868 B. Williams: 78] . Associated toponyms: Abergwrog (6-a), Blaengwrog-fach (4-a), Blaengwrog-fawr (6-a), Bryngwrog (6-a), Nant-y-cerdin (4-a). Gwylan -(� Tei:fi: 1 1 , 12: 3 5-41 35-45)[gwylan] ; (c) Cwm Kynllo 1 670 Bronwydd MSS, River Llavar ? 1 667/68 CD 59, Gwylan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 9 1 , Nantgwylan (upper course), Afon Cynllo (lower course) OS 1 891 The meaning gwylan 'seagull' seems unlikely for this inland stream, it is perhaps a back-formation from Nantgwylan (1 3-a). It also seems to have had two other aliases Cynllo and Llafar. The noting of the valley of Cwmcynllo as partly being in Llanfair Treflygen parish [1670 Bronwydd MSS] shows that the restriction of the name Cynllo to the lower course of this stream by the OS maps is incorrect, and palpably not an original name but derived from the church Llangynllo (1 3-a), which is situated at the upper part of the valley, cf Cwmsulio (57-a). The hn. Llafar - which is an unimpeachable hydronyrn, cf hn. Llafar (Mers.) occurs in the vicinity ofMelin Corws (1 1-a) near the mouth of Gwylan. Associated toponyms: Nantgwylan (13-a). Hail -(� Arth(i): 44: 48-63 48-64)[ ? ] ; inf It is possible this name refers to a nearby stream to the s, rather than to the one that runs past Wern­ newydd (44-a). The interpretation of the stream-name as haul is very unlikely as there are no forms hoil, hoy! etc. , which we would expect considering the dialect of this area. The meaning haul 'sun' is also most unlikely, although its valley does face sw. Neither does the meaning hael 'generous' seem likely, unless it was originally a personal-name Hael (except for Pen Rhiw lf..ae 1 690 for Penrhiw (44-a), neither the forms �

�

�

�

�

1252

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

nor the pronunciation suggest hael - which would be expected as hael or ha:l in this area). To me it seems more probable that Hail name is an affected version of either one of two terms hal: 1 ) meaning 'dirt' (derivative halog); or 2) 'salt' (derivatives, halen, heli). The root of helyg 'willow' would be *hal, which may itself be originally derived from hal 'dirt'. We may compare this name to C. hey/ 'estuary', probably a variant form of W. heli, B. hili 'brine', I. sctile 'sea-water, sea; brine', all derived from CC. *salia (0. J. Padel [ 1 980: 240] is sceptical of this derivation - which he translates as 'salt river' (sic) - since on the basis of the OC. Hehil, he interprets C. hey/ as containing two syllables, a feature which is not certain - cf OW. gurehic 'woman' - nor conclusive). The comparison of CC. Salia to the French river Seille (Moselle), anciently Salia [ 1 972 J. Whatmough: 772], the Spanish river Sella, and the English rivers Hail (Gloucs., Hunts.) [1 928 E Ekwall: 1 88 ] , as well as the Scottish rivers Seile (E. Shiel) ( 1926 W. J. Watson: 76; 1 976 W. F. H. Nicolaisen: 1 8 9 ] , remains valid, though not all these rivers can be connected to salt, so that the meaning 'dirt' of hal may be considered. . Associated toponyrns: Blaenhail (44-a). Halen -(� SEA: 21 : 3 9-59 39- 56)[hal + - en] ; Halen River 1 83 7TMS Llanina, Afon Halen OS 1 89 1 The early form Redheylan 1283-84 o f Rhydhalen (21-a) may b e a garbled form o f the name, o r may prove the name has been reanalysed. Note that the graphemes of medieval writers of Anglo-French origin could stand for , cf the late twelfth-century Giraldus notation of halen 'salt' as haleyn, halein [c. I 191 Gir.IK: 77], and uchelwyr 'nobles' as hucheilwer [c. 1 1 94 Gir.DK: 1 66]. Hafen is also the name of a small tributary of the Teifi river near Newcastle Emlyn (Canns.), which has given its name to Aberhalen, Blaenhalen, and Rhydhalen. On the Carmarthenshire Hafen and the river Gwahallwy (Denbs.) - which he derives from hallt 'salty' - R. J. Thomas [ 1 935: 32-33] rtotes: "Mae'n amlwg ddigon sut y cafodd afonydd yn llifo i'r mor eu galw yn 'hallt'; ond am ragafonydd a nentydd, tebyg y cawsant hwy eu galw felly am fod y tir y rhedent drwyddo yn rhoi blas hallt i'w d\Vr'. " Perhaps we should not consider the stem hal to have anything to do with 'salt' in this river's name - as with the Hafen near Newcastle Emlyn, and Halai (Monts.) [ 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 27] - but to be composed of the stem hal 'dirt' (see sub Llwchrhal-isa, 1 1-a) with the suffix -en. Associated toponyrns: Cwmhalen (1 9-a), Rhydhalen (21-a). Harthen(i) -(� Ceri: 1 0 : 32-44)[*harth + -en] Harthen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Arthen ? 1 894 NLW MS 1 58 58-B p.3 R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 17] mixes the forms for Harthen (Cards.) and Hathren (Carms.) indiscriminately, treating them as one river. "Anodd penderfynu ar ffurf wreiddiol yr enw hwn, . . . gan y buasai'n eithaf naturiol i drawsosodiad ddigwydd ynddi; fodd bynnag, Harthen sydd debycaf . . . Os Harthen ydoedd yn wreiddiol gallasai ddeillio o ffurf debyg i *Sart'fnii; ceir afonydd o'r enw Sarta, heddiw la Sarthe, a Sartula, heddiw le Sarthon, yn Ffrainc (Holder), gyda'r gwreiddyn *sar- 'symud, mynd, rhedeg'. " Cf. hn. Hathren (Carms. ), Natharn c. 1 600, Mathern 1 6 1 0 [ 1 93 8 R. I. Thomas: 1 17]. 'Hathren [in Pencarreg] which for some distance defmes the border line between Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire.' [ 1 902 WGaz. : 148] , this is not exactly true as the border is defined by the stream from Ffoif.fin (30-a). But Hathren does flow parallel to that limit, sometimes as near as 400rn, and sometimes as far as llan. The meaning of B. harz 'stop, limit' is tempting, except that it was hars in Middle Breton and so cannot be invoked as a cognate to W. * harth-. Associated toponyrns: Aberharthen-fach (10-a), Blaenharthen (10-a). Harthen(ii) (� Dulais: 8: 3 1 -48)[harth + -en]; .

�

-

inf

Cf hn. Dulais. Associated toponyrns: Aberharthen-fawr (8-a), Blaenharthen (8-a), Brynharthen (8-a), Glanharthen (8-a), Glynharthen (8-a). Hawen - (� Ceri: 1 0: 34-47 34-46)[haf + -en] ; [piStd'mowr M. Thomas] Harven 'parts Troedrour and Llangynllo' c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Hawen 1 894 NLW MS 1 585 8-B p.3, 'r Pistyll mawr c. l 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 "Ai Hafen oedd ffurf wreiddiol yr enw gydag -f- ac - w- yn ymgyfuewid? Os felly, dichon bod y bon Haf­ i'w gysylltu a'r enw hal, a bod i hwnnw mewn enw nant yr ystyr 'nant yn mynd yn hesb yn yr haf, gw. SYCHAN uchod, a chymharer Haw Nant c. 1 700, Lhuyd Paroch. III. 1 2 1 , nant fechan yn codi ar Gefn Morfudd ac yn rhedeg i Nedd yng Nghastell Nedd (Neath); Hafnant (Caern) (O. S . M.), nant fechan sy'n �

1 253

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

rhedeg i Gonwy rhwng Llyn Conwy ac Ysbyty Ifan; Summergil (Maesd., Henff ). Neu a ydyw'n bosibl deillio Hawen o *Sablnii, enw person benywaidd (Holder)? HefYd, ceir afonydd ar y Cyfandir o'r enw Sabis, yn ol pob tebyg, o'r gwreiddyn *sab-, gw. HAFREN uchod, a Sava, Savara o'r gwreiddyn *seu­ 'gwasgu ailan, ilifo' (Holder). Ceid hefyd ron Samo- '? gwastad, dymunol', mewn enwau personol fel Samogenus, Samorix, &c. , Gwyddeleg sam 'tawel'. I . . . Fel y gwelir uchod, ni ellir bod yn sicr am nant o'r enw Hafen mai 'nant yn mynd yn hesb yn yr haf a olyga; cyffelyb o ran synnwyr, ond h gwrthwyneb o ran elfen, ydyw'r enw nant Gaefog (Myn. ) (� enw gaef, amrywiad ar gaeaj), sy'n sicr yn golygu 'nant syn sychu mewn mannau ag eithrio yn y gaeaf ac ar ol glaw trwm'; yn Lloegr arferir Winterboume yn yr un ystyr fel enw nentydd. Am enw fel Rhyd-yr-haf ger Llanffwyst (Llanfoist) (Myn.), golyga 'ryd na ellir ei chroesi ond yn yr bar, h.y. pan fydd y llifyn isel. " [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas : 1 1 8]; Cf Hafen (tributary ofHwefri, Brees.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas : 1 1 7], haven [inf W. Protheroe] . Associated toponyms: Blaenhawen (1 3-a), Brynhawen ( 10-a), Capelhawen (1 0-a), Hawen (1 0-a). Helygnant - (--). Ceibwr: PEMBS. : 1 2-44 � 1 3-45)[helyg + nant]; Lignant 1 603 G Owen vol.2 p. 507 There are other streams of this name, cf Helygnant (SN 79-92, tributary of Afon Hyddgen), Afon Lygnant [c. 1 850map Pertedd] ; tn. Heiygnant (SN 1 1-35, Meline, Pembs.), Lygnant 1 597 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 06] ; cf hn. Egnant. The elision of the first syllable of helyg in derivatives is wholly regular (cf hosanau --). sane, ), e.g. hn. Helygi --). Lygi (Monts.) [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 148-49] ; Helygain (E. Halkin, Flints.) --). I1 1 97(1 324) cart. Tal-llychau (a), Hofuant, Hocnant >1 1 97( 1324) cart Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Hownant >1 765 L.Morris p. 246, Hoffnant OS 1 89 1 The traditional explanation hoew + nant [ 1 868 B. Williams : I l l ] is refuted by the earliest forms. R J. Thomas's account of the form Hoffnant instead ofHownant [ 1 938: 1 52 ] " . . . caledodd -fn- yn -ffn-, fel yn y ffurfiau diffetha, difflannu ar y berfenwau difetha, dijlannu. " , is negated by the fact that that pronunciation is not found locally, except in the late inn name Brynhoffnant (8-a). "Am y bOn Hodd-, a barnu oddi wrth y glos Lladin val/is prospera dan tHoddnant (Morg. ), hwyrach ei fod i'w gysylltu a'r ansoddair hawdd 'dymunol, hawddgar, tawel', fel yn yr enw haniaethol hawddfyd, Cernyweg hueth 'tawel', ac o bosibl y berfenw Cymraeg gwahodd, gwahawdd, gan ddeillio o'r un gwreiddyn a'r enw haniaethol hedd; mewn Galeg ceir yr enw person Suadu-rfx (Holder), a roesai Hoddri, Hodri yn Gymraeg. Os dynodi rhediad tawel, digyffro yr afonydd a'r nentydd a wneir, gw. TAWELAN . . . uchod. Er hynny, rhediad cyflym sydd i amryw o'r afonydd a'r nentydd dan sylw; dichon mai'r ffigur gair teg sydd yma, sef rhoi enw mwy dymunol ar beth anhyfiyd er mwyn rhoi gwedd fwy hygar arno. I Yn Hoddnant, Ho.ffnant uchod nid oes i'r elfen nant o anghenraid yr ystyr 'ffrwd', oherwydd dichon ei harfer yn yr ystyr gyntefig 'cwm, dyffryn', ac mai'r llecyn a elwid Hoddnant yn wreiddiol, ac wedyn i'r enw lledu i gynnwys y ffrwd a redai yno. Gall hyn fod yn wir am Howni (Cered. ) yn wyneb y ffurfiau cyfochrog Porth Hoddni a Blaen Porth Hoddnant. " (1 938 R. I. Thomas : 1 52-53] . Yn E.P.-Ns. 232-33, dywedir dan Hodnet (Amwyth.) : 'Identical with early Welsh (Glyn) Hodnant (Rees 1 08. Hodnant consists o f O W hoo 'pleasant, peaceful' (cf. Hodder) and nant 'valley, stream'. OW hoo (Welsh hawdd) corresponds to Co hueth 'tranquil', which is the first element ofi·IENNON Co (St. Breward) [Hethnant 1 400 AD] . The second n of Hodnant was lost owing to dissimilation as in Sekenet 1 256 Ass, identical with Sechenent 1 1 69 :ff. Lanercost, the lost name of a stream in Cu. Sekenet corresponds to Sychnant 'dry brook' in Wales. "' [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 54] . Hodnant gl vallis prospera (prox. Llantwit Major, Glams.), Hodnant, gl. vallis rosina (St Davids, Pembs.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas : 1 52]. Apart from the two Hownant, and Brynhownant (33-a) in Cardiganshire, there are another four attested streams of the same name, Honddant (Rads.), and probably Honddan (Glarus.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas : 1 51-52] showing realisations typical of medial -ddn- clusters in south-eastern Wales. The stream­ name Hodnant als. Odnant (SH 90-0 1 , Llanbrynmair, Monts.) could be a northern coequivalent of the above stream-names, but its position in a shady dingle would suit od 'snow' + nant better. Associated toponyms: Allt-Hownant (8-b), Blaenhownant (8-a), Brynho.ffrzant (8-a), Dyffrynhownant (8-a). Hownant(ii) - (--+ Teifi: 1 2: 39-40 3 9-4 1 )[hawdd + nant] ; (pn.) Ll[ewelin] Othnant ? 1 326 BBSt-David p.226, Hoffnant OS 1 891 The 1 3 26 form is the name of a burgess of Atbar (1 1 -a) which is not far, but it may conceivably refer to Hownant(i) or to the valley of the same name at St Davids (Pembs.), Atbar being a borough of the Bishop of St Davids. Associated toponyms: Aberhownant (l2-a), Blaendyffryn (1 2-a). �

�

�

�

.

�

�

�

1 255

.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms Howni - (-+ SEA: 5 : 25-5 1 � 26-48)[hawdd + -ni]; [ �r' owni D. T .Jones] Hodeni 1 242 Litt.Wall. p.3 8, Hodin > 1 265(1 324) cart. Tal-llychau, Hoddni 1 400¥z Peniarth MS 57 p. 37, Howni (Hawni) 1 868 B.Williams p.239, Nant Howny OS 1 89 1 , Nant Howni OS 1 904, Rowney c. l 950 ChVAberporth This river seems sometimes - and as early as the twelfth century - to have been known as Porth or Porth­ Howni (see sub Blaenporth (5-a), DY.fftyn, 5-a) though I believe this is due to a misinterpretation of the name Aberporth (5-a). "Yn Hoddnant, Ho.ffnant uchod nid oes i'r elfen nant o anghenraid yr ystyr 'ffrwd', oherwydd dichon ei harfer yn yr ystyr gyntefig 'cwrn, dyffryn', ac rnai'r llecyn a elwid Hoddnant yn wreiddioL ac wedyn i'r enw lledu i gynnwys y ffrwd a redai yno. Gall hyn fod yn wir am Howni (Cered.) yn wyneb y ffurftau cyfochrog Porth Hoddni a Blaen Porth Hoddnant. " [ 1938 R. J. Thomas: 1 53] . One problem arises with Hownant as an early alias of Howni: since there was an adjoining Hownant(ii) confusion would be created. For that reason I prefer to interpret the forms of Blaenporth (5-a) with Hodnant, found only once [1 300414 BT(RBH TJ): 90], as a mistake, prompted by the presence of nearby Hownant(ii). The two rivers named Honddi (Brees.; Brecs./Mons.) show realisations typical of medial -ddn­ clusters in south-eastern Wales, and are thus coequivalents to Howni. "Parthed yr olddodiad -i -+ -u yn Honddu, hwyrach rnai geirdarddiaeth boblogaidd a fynnodd gydio'r enw wrth yr ansoddair du. " [ 1938 R J. Thomas : 1 52] . Associated toponyms: Aberporth (5-a), Blaenporth (5-a), Cwmhowni, (5-a), Dy.ffryn (5-a), Glanhowni (5-a). Hwilog - (-+ Paith: 62, 64: 62-78 63-77)[chwilog] ; in£ Associated toponyms: Blaenhwilog (64-a), Cwmhwilog (64-a). Iago -(-+ Tern: 1 2: 36-40 38-43)[pn. Iago] ; Nant Iago OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Blaeniago (12-a), Bryniago (1 2-a), Cwmiago (24-a). Iwffrates -(-+ Llethi: 22: 4 1 -58 4 1 - 56)[Bibl.hn. Euphrates]; Euphrates OS 1 89 1 Cf Welsh spelling o f the hydronyms: Euffratres and Tigrys (Iraq) [ 1400% Peniarth MS 57: 48] . Llaethliw - (-+ Mydr: 27, 46: 47-59 � 46-58)[llaeth + lliw]; in£ Associated toponyms: Llaethliw (46-a). Llawemeg -(-+ Rheidol: 7 1 : 74-80 � 72-80)[1lawern + -og ? ] ; Llawerneg 1 747map L.Morris, Afon Llewernog OS 1 89 1 , Llewyrnog, 'pronounced' Llywarneg 1 897 H. Owen vo1.2 p.288 n. 9, Afon Llywernog OS 1 904 Forms of this name in -og first appear in 1 792 (see sub Llawemeg, 71-a) , and became established during the nineteenth century as the official form. And though I believe it possible that the original form of the name ended in -og, this remains speculation, for it is Llawemeg that is definitely attested in spoken and older documentary forms. The pronunciation [ -eg] is puzzling, as it is uncommon in toponymy as a suffix. On the other hand the form *Llawemog does admit exact cognates, e.g. pn. Lovemaci late fifth­ s ixth century inscription (Merthyr, Carms.) [1 950 V. E. Nash-Williams: 1 1 8]; Laguernnuc (Mons.) [c.l l40 LL: 207] , and Louveme (Mayenne, France) [DNLF: 41 5] . I am tempted to ascribe the origin of the form Llawemeg to a common enough orthographical confusion between and in documentary forms, which may have affected the spoken form, cf. Dolmasaleg (72-a), Nantf/inen (13-a), Cawres (3-a). The reason for preferring the form llawem to llywem is given in a forthcoming article of mine entitled 'Obsolete Welsh dialectal variations preserved in toponymy' in the Journal of Celtic Studies. It is unclear whether the name originally applied to the river, or to a particular spot, e.g. Llawerneg (71-a). The unlocated Licat Laguernnuc (Mons.) [c. 1 140 LL: 2 07] ; Llanfihangel Ystumllywem (Mons.) on the river Trothy; hn. Llewyrn als. Llewyrch als. Afon Cwmllwyd (Monts.) ( 1987 G. G. Evans: 33]; the hns. Laugherne (Worcs.), Lawem 75775( 1 1 1hcent.), and tn. Lawernmylle 854 (Stroat, Gloucs.), probably to be equated with OW. Louem [ 1 928 E. Ekwall: 237-38] suggests llawem (pl. llewyrn) and its derivative llawernog often referred to rivers. E. Ekwall [1 928: 238] even suspected that llawem as a river-name could be derived from a root found in L. lauo 'to wash'. Even if an original form *Llawernog is convincing, the meaning of the first element llawern is not ascertained beyond doubt. Whilst *llawern originally meant 'fox' (a derivative ofiE. *hiop [ 1995 P. Schrijver: 6 1]), it is hardly attested with this meaning in Welsh, though it is clear that none of the present Welsh words for 'fox' - viz. cadno, madyn, llwynog - are ancient terms. There is another �

�

�

1256

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

*llawem, usually noted llewym or llywym, which means 'will-o'-the-wisp', that is, a phosphorescent light seen on marshy ground - a term likely to be derived from a cognate of * lug- 'light' ( cf llewy(r)ch 'glare'), and not related to *llawem 'fox' [ 1 953 D. M. Jones: 48] . Both meanings would be impossible to distinguish so that the meaning of Cruc Leuym (c. l l40 LL: 1 42], and Crucov Leuim, Crucou Leuguim (c. 1 140 LL: 262], is, either to 'fox(es)', or to 'will-o'-the-wisp'. This is also the case for the hn. Llewym als. Afon Cwmllwyd (Camo, Monts.), Blaen Llewym 1 609 (1 987 G. G. Evans: 33], and Llanfihangel Ystumllywem (SO 43-13, Mons.), both of whom - it will be noted - adjoin areas of wetland. Thus *Llawemeg may contain reference to 'will-o'-the-wisp', which phenomenon was described thus: " . . . in Cardigan[ shire] and its borders, the belief in Canwyll Gorph or the corpse candle is greatly magnified and extended. This is a light discoverable by some indifferent person, previous to the death of another in the neighbourhood, and is looked upon as an infallible prognostic of fatality in whatever house it is seen to enter . . . The phenomenon may be accounted for, from the frequent inflammation of hydrogenous gas, mixing with the atmospheric air, and enkindled by electric matter. Indeed from the peaty and morassy soils of this district, such as its phosphorescent quality that often sparks of fire will be seen under the feet of travellers, which to persons unacquainted with the cause, must appear formidable if not ominous. From similar causes proceed those luminous effects called, from the supposed shapes they assume, lanterns, flying dragons, dancing giants, etc. , etc.," [ 1 816 ( S. Williams) in 1 986 E. A Benjamin: 1 8 1 ] . Associated toponyms: Blaenllawemeg (71 -a), Blaenstryt (71 -a), Dolwemog (71 -a), Gwaith Llawemeg (71 -a), Llawemeg (71 -a), Pon Rhydlydan (70-b), Ysgoldy Llawemeg (71 -a). Llawgam -(� Teifi: 1 1 : 32-41 33-44)[pn. *Llywgant]; 'stream' Llawgant 1 545 Coedmor MS 55, Llawgam c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Llawgam Brook 1 8 1 5 in 1 793 sur map, Mon Cwm-wern OS 1 89 1 An OW. pn. *Llywgant (cf. pn. Idcant [ c. 1 1 40 LL: 239]) came t o be understood as !lawgam 'crooked hand', cf the rendering of the A-F.pn. Robert Courtemain as Rotpert Llawgam (1 300% BT(RBH TJ): 90] ; for an apparent alias, see sub Blaengwenllan (1 1 -a). Associated toponyms: Blaengwenllan (1 1-a), Dolau-Llawgam (1 1-a). Llebini -(� Medeni: 7: 3 0-46 29-46)[ ? + -i ] inf The original vocalism of the initial and medial syllables in this hydronym is very uncertain, our forms are restricted to a few forms of Glanllebini, an old alias of Plas Troedrour (7-a). A more correct spelling ought possibly to be *Llebyni or even *Llebeni, whilst the initial voweL in pre-stress position may be reduced form of any number of vowels or diphthongs. As a result no certain etymology is possible for it, though it may be related to the names Dolau-Llebliw als. Dolau (36-a), and the probable hydronym Lleban (Llanfymach) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 78, 80] (also a common noun !Iehan 'lout, blockhead'), as well as the territorial name Llebenydd (Mons.) ( 1 967-70 M. Richards: 144] . The hn. *Llebini was explained by B. Williams ( 1 868: 269] as a derivation of lleb 'yellow' (which is a late and very suspect word). I prefer to compare Lleb- to the root *llwyb found in the pn. Cynllwyb: Cvnalipi 6 thcent. inscription of Penmorfa (Caerns.) [ 1 950 v. E. Nash­ Williams: 93] ; Conluip [c. l l40 LL: 146] ; Cynloyp (>988 Harl. MS 3859: 1 73] ; found reduced (?) in the tn. Cinlipiuc (c.830 HB (Morris): 8 1 ] , and the pn. Conlipan [c. 1 1 40 LL: 202], as welL perhaps, as in pn. Llibiau [c. l l40 LL p. 1 95], Llanllibio (SH 32-82, Angl.). Of course, the *llwyb element could be regularly reduced in *Llebini (cf. Aberllwyfenni (Mers.) becoming Aberllefenni), and even in Llebliw, though it this does not seem so assured with Lleban (for Llibio, one might compare nW. dwylo, rhwygo � dib, hrig :> - though the word enllib is compared by E. P. Ramp to the G. Andelipae [ 1 978 Studia Celtica: 1 2-1 3.9] thus giving us another root *!lib). The element *llwyb is of obscure meaning, perhaps it can be compared to I. liach 'sorrow, calamity'. Associated toponyms: Plas Troedrour (7-a). Llethi -(� SEA: 22: 40-59 42-53)[ ? ]; [ie8i Gr. Davies] Llethyr 1 760map E.Bowen, Llethy R 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Llethy 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle xxxv� Clettws River 1 837TMS Llanina, Mon Llethi OS 1 891 "Tardda y gair Llethi o llethai, yn ol Dr. Pughe ystyr y gair 'llethai' (ansoddair o !led a pai) ydyw 'oblique, bending, pliant'. " [ 1 875 D. J. Davies: 33]. "Pur dywyll yw tarddiad yr enw hwn. Ceir bon lleth- yn y berfenw llethu. A ddichon Llethi fod yn ffurfWyddeleg ar enw'r nant LUEDI (Caerf)? Neu a ellir cydio'r bon Lleth- (gydag affeithiad i) wrth yr elfen yn yr enw cyfansawdd llathlud 'lledrad', Gwyddeleg slat?" [1938 R. J. Thomas: 1 56]. Cf tn. Laz (Finistere), Laz c. 1 33 0, "Plus satisfaisant serait le breton laz 'perche, gaule', terme que l'on voit associe en vieux-breton a camp 'champagne' dans le toponyme Camplath, cite �

�

�

1257

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms au IXe siecle dans un acte de l'abbaye de Redon. Le nom Laz serait en ce cas !'equivalent breton de toponymes comme La Perche (Cher), Laperche (Lot-et -Garonne ). " [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 1 1 6] . Associated toponyms: Bronllethi (22-a), Dolau-Llethi (22-a). Llillo - (� Duwlas(ii): 29: 60-53 � 59-54)[ ? ] ; inf From this name it appears that Llillo was the name of the stream that joins the river Duwlas below Llangybi church and has its source a little higher than this place (though there is also a comparably sized stream with a source above Cilgwyn (29-a) that joins this stream before the confluence with the river Duwlas). " Odid nad yr un yw'r bOn Llill- yn yr enw hwn ag a welir yn yr enw tllillen 'gafr'. Digwydd enw person Lilli ( Llilli) Lib.Land. 1 63 . Hefyd, geill Llillo ddal cysylltiad a'r enw person Ellillo, gyda choll y sillaf gyntaf ddiacen, sy'n digwydd yn enw'r Gwele Ellillo, B.B.D. 274, yn Llandyfeisant ger Llandeilo Fawr (Caerf ) . " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 223] . If the hn. Llillo has anything to do with the Gwele Ellillo noted in the fourteenth century, it may be related to ellyll 'goblin, elf, sprite, evil spirit', though if so we would expect this to be reflected in the pronunciation with *Llyllo rather than Llillo. Associated toponyms: Glanllillo (29-a). Llolwyn - (� Ystwyth: 52: 59-77 � 57-75) [ ? ] Llolwyn Brook 1 80 8 S.RMeyrick p. 1 40, Llollwyn Brook OS 1 891 , Nant Llolwyn OS 1 904 The realisation of Llolwyn as blun in Pontllolwyn (52-a) makes it unlikely that we have a reduced form of an otherwise unattested compound hollol-wyn 'wholly white'. Associated toponyms: Aberllolwyn (52-a), Pontllolwyn (52-b). Llyfnant -(---+ SEA: 78: 69-97 75-93 & 76-92)[llyfn + nant]; [iavnant T. Jones] Thlevenant 1 28 1 CalChartR p.28 1 , Lenevant 1 295 CalPR p. 1 63, Leuenant 1 3 02-03 ARCWW p. 6 1 , Lleuenant Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Leunant 1 760map E.Bowen, Llyfnant, Llyfnnant, Llifnant >1 765 L.Morris p.28 1 , Llyfnant 1 767MR Genau'rglyn, Llyfnant River 1 790sur map, Llyfn Nant R 1 803map J. Singer, Llyffnant 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 1 072, Llyfnant OS 1 834, River Llyfnant 1 83 7TMS Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Llyfnant OS 1 89 1 , Llwyfnant 1 903Per. Genau'rglyn Continued above lake by Nant-y-llyn (SN 75-93 - 76-92, Monts.); new cut for Lly.foant at its mouth ( 1789sur map] . R J. Thomas [1 957b: 26] notes Llyfnant named in opposition to Cletwr; cf Lly.foant (SO 08-89, Mochdre, Monts.) [ 1987 G. G. Evans: 33L Moe! Llyfnant (Pare, Mers.). Associated toponyms: Cwmlly.foant (78-b), Pontllyfnant (78-b). Llyndu - (� Teifi: 32, 36, 37: 63-55 � 6 1 - 57)[llyn + dut or Llyn Du fl. 1 1 70(c. l 400) Gwynfardd Frycheiniog in Hendreg. p.20 1 , (c) Y Ddol Wen ar Lan y Llyndy 1 688 Bronwydd MSS, (cs) Llyndy bach, Glan Llyndy 1 845TMS Note (c) Cae Llyn (SN 633-569) [ 1 845TMS]. Llyndu is pronounced as compounded. The word llyn is feminine in southern Wales, but apparently is not lenited to in this name making it appear masculine in gender, but this is just so in apparence. As is explained under Llandydoch ( 8 1 -a), [d] can be delenited when immediately following [n] (cf sW. k;m'dejr:lg, kandrug for lit.W. cynddeiriog, cynddnvg). Associated toponyms: Celli-Llyndu (36-a), Pontllyndu (32-b). Machno - (� Tei:fi: 1 2: 3 7-40 � 39-42)[pn. Machno] ; Nant Bachnog OS1 891 Cf BJW)lnog +- Brwyno; Corog +- Cora; see 1 868 B. Williams p. 79. Associated toponyms: Abermachno (1 2-a), Blaenmachno (1 2-a), Penalltfachno (12-a). Madog(i) - (� Maed: 54: 60-76 � 60-73)[pn. Madog] ; =

�

inf

Associated toponyms: Blaenmadog (54-a), Pistyllmadog (54-a). Madog(ii) - (� Peithyll: 69: 65-82 � 66-81 )[pn. Madog]; in£

Associated toponyms: Alltfadog (69-a), Brynmadog (69-a), Capelmadog (69-a), Celli-Fadog (69-a), Rhydfadog (69-a). Maed -(� Ystwyth: 54: 60-76 � 60-72)[ ? ] ; Mayde 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 40, Maid Brook OS1891, Afon Fad OS 1 904, Afon Fad 0Sc. 1 950 The obscure element *maed appears to be found in OW. tn. Lannguruaet [c. 1 140 LL: 1 54] , now Llandeilo 'ifaen (Brees.), and is possibly a variant of *moed, found in the pn. Gweithfoed in Ynysgweithfoed 1258

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms (75-b) , cf OB.pn. Uuormoet, Uurmoet (MB. Gurmoet) [1 924 RC: 41 .205-06] . The meaning of *moed is apparently 'powerful, great', which can be taken to refer to the force of the current, or be a personal­ name. Another possibility is that *maed represents a southern-Welsh reduction of *maead (see a forthcoming article of mine entitled 'Obsolete Welsh dialectal variations preserved in toponymy' in the Journal of Celtic Studies), which could correspond to the ancient people-name Maeatae (located in what is now Scotland, which name survived into the early Middle Ages and was recorded as OI. Miathi [1 979 PNRB: 404]). The meaning of Maeatae/Miathi is not known but there are certainly no phonological problems to refute a connection between that name and the equally obscure Maed. Associated toponyms: Abermaed (54-a), Allifaed (52-b), Blaenmaed (54-a), Brynmaed (54-a), Glanmaed (54-a), Henblas (53-a), Rhodmaed (54-a). Maesmor -(� Eleri: 76: 68-88 � 71 -87)[maes + mawr] ; River Maesmawr 1 845TMS Llanfthangel Genau'rglyn, Nant Maesmawr 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant y Maes-mawr (course above Cyneinog to Hafn), Mon Cyneiniog (incl. course of Nant Camnant) OS 1 904, Nant y Maes mawr, 0Sc. 1 950 The river Maesmor must represent the stream from Cyneinog (76-a) to Cymerau (76-a) since it would be otherwise hard to imagine why the parse! containing this valley as well as Cwmceulan (76-b) was called Ceulan-a-Maesmor (e). The valley of the river Maesmor is called Cwm Ty-nant (76-b), demonstrating that Maesmor as its name is obsolete. The upper course of Maesmor, above called Nant Camnant (d), whilst the stream above Cyneinog noted as Nanty Maes-mawr on OS maps is Nantgarw(iv). Associated toponyms: Ceulan-a-Maesmor (e). Maesnant-fach -(� Rheidol: 70: 76-87 76-85)[maes + nant (+ bach)] ; [mejsnant'va::x; E. Howells] Maesnant-fach OS1 834, Maesnant bach c. 1 850map Perfedd, Maesnant bach OS 1 89 1 , Nant Maesnant­ fiich OS 1 904, Nant Maesnant-fach 0Sc. 1 950 The -fach is in opposition to Maesnant als. Nant-y-meincau (d) 1 . 5km away. There are a number of streams called Maesnant, e.g. Maesnant als. Nant-y-meincau (d); hn./tn. Maesnant (SN 84-86, Llangurig, Monts.), " . . . Maesnant, wrth gwrs, nid fel 'na y'i hyngenid ganddynt hwy, ond Meisnant. " [ 1 975 T. J. Davies: 1 1 9]; Maesnant(ii) (SN 80-56, Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.), (c) hriW'mejsnant (prox. ) [inf D. Jones] ; Maesnant(ii) (SN 81-60, Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.); Maesnant (SN 83-57, Llanfihangel Abergwesyn, Brees.). These are all streams in mountain areas whose bottom courses - presumably - adjoined arable land. They are inverse cognates to Nantmaes (71-a) and hn. Nant-y-maes (SN 89-78, Llangurig, Monts.). Maethgen -(� Cledlyn: 1 5 : 48-47 49-49)(maethgen]; [av::m'vej9gen E. Evans] Nant Faithgen OS 1 89 1 , Nant Faethgen OS 1 904, Meithgen 'brook' 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 55 Associated toponyms: Cwmfaethgen (1 5-a). Magwyr -(� Ystwyth: 62: 65-73 70-76)[magwyr]; The River Magwr 1 756map RM A1 87, Mogwr, Parke Brooke 1 760map E.Bowen, R Magwr 1 764 Nanteos fPl. 349, Magwr Brook 1 8 1 8sur map, Nant Magwr OS 1 89 1 Possibly named after the Roman fort on site of Trawsgoed, see Coetgae (60-b). Associated toponyms: Abermagwyr (62-a), Blaenmagwyr (62-a), Cwm-Magwyr (62-a), Loj (62-a), Rhydfagwyr (62-a). March(i) -(� Aeron: 3 5 : 60-58 6 1 - 56)[march]; Nant y March OS 1 834, Nant y March OS 1 89 1 , March 1 936 D. Jenkins p. 57 Cf OC. pn. March, Marh [1 0th-1 1 thcent. Bodm.Manu.]; see sub Olmarch-isa (29-a), hn. March(ii). Associated toponyms: Blaencwm-March (35-a); Glanmarch (36-a). March(ii) -(� Bran(ii): 43 : 54-61 54-60)[march] ; Afon Morgan OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Cwm-March (43-a), Gwaun-y-march (42-b). March ell - (� Hirwern: 4: 26-45 28-45)[pn. Marchell]; �

�

�

�

�

�

inf

Associated toponyms: Blaenmarchell (4-a). Marchnant -(� Mourig(i): 58, 59: 72-69 � 78-70) [march + nant] ; [marznad W. Owen, av�n'mar:x;nad J. Richards] Marchnant 1 1 84( 1425) cart. Ystradffiur, Marchnant >1 246( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradffiur, River Marchnad 1 753map E.J.Eyre, Marchnad River 1 754 L.Morris in 1 902 D.Ll. Thomas p.23, Marchnant >1 765 L.Morris p.296, R Marchnant 1 803map J. Singer, Marchnant OOS 1 82 1 , Avon Marchnad 'market river' 1 862 G.Borrow p.437, Marchnant OS 1 89 1 1259

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Its lower reaches is called Mourig(i) (d); the change of name of Marchnant to Mourig appears to have been at Glanrhyd (58-a), judging by the alias of Llethrmarchnant (58-a), Abermarchnad 1 769, and Marchnant-fach (d); cf Marchnant als. Marchnad (SJ 02-1 8, Monts .) [1 987 G. G. Evans: 35]. Associated toponyms: Blaenmarchnant (59-a), Glanmarchnant (58-a), Llethrmarchnant (59-a), Pontmarchnant (58-b), Rhosmarchnant (58-b). Marchnant-fach -(--+ Marchnant: 57, 59: 72-69 � 7 1-70)[rnarch + nant (+ bach)] ; Marchnant-vach 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p.441 This stream was given by S. Lewis as the northern boundary of the old parish of Ystradmeurig, which is known as Nant Cwmffrwd. However Nant Cwmjjiwd joins the river Mourig(i), the same river only being known as Marchnant some 800m further upstream It is likely that Marchnant-fach was the name of the more substantial stream that joined the river Marchnant at Glanrhyd (59-a), for it forms - for a kilometre or so - the northern boundary of the lordship of Ysbyty-Ystradmeurig. Marda - (--+ Granell: 1 6: 52-50 � 49-50)[pn. Mordafj ; [marda E. Evans, av�n,hri·d�'bagle M. Thomas] (cs5 16, 5 1 8) Cae Glan Marda issa + ucha, (c5 1 9) Cae Glan Morfa (sic) 1 844TMS, Nant Marda 1 977 W.D.Llewelyn p. 3 3 This appears t o be the personal-name Mordaf, with a somewhat irregular variant vocalism (see a forthcoming article of mine entitled 'Obsolete Welsh dialectal variations preserved in toponymy' in the Journal of Celtic Studies); cf hn. Morda (Oswestry, Salop.) [ 1 987 G. G. Evans: 36] ; cf Morlas (Pembs.; Llangennech, Carms.; Taf, Glams.) ( 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle: xxxvii] . Rhyd-y-baglau hri·d�'bagle [inf E. Evans] was a ford across this stream - possibly SN 5 1 1-501 - and probably referred to the boundary between the Cistercian grange of Tir-newydd (e); see Tafamfagl (69�a). Masaleg -(becomes Clarach in lower reaches: 72, 73 : 63-83 � 70-84)[basaleg]; [nant,va:z blajn'kastcl (upper course) E. Humphreys] Masaleg, Mesaleg, Bassaleg fl. 1 365 DG p.229, ym Maesaleg fl. 1 365 Dafydd ab Gwilym in 1 937 BBCS vo1.7 p.277, Byssaleg fl. 1 365(c. 1 600) DG (Peniarth MS 49) p. l 29, Dyffryn Mysaleg £1 1450 Tudyr Penllyn in 1 992 D.Jenkins p.42, yng nglan Mysaleg fl. l 470 Deio ab Ieuan Du in 1 992 D.Jenkins p.43, Massalak Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, The River 1 747sur map L.Morris, Masalack R 1 760map E.Bowen, (c) Cwm Casdewi 1 803map J. Singer, (c) Cwmcustewi 1 8 1 1 PR Llanbadarn-fawr, Mon Lluesty Trafle (upper course) c. l 850map Perfedd, Nant Salem OS 1 891 , Mon Stewy OS 1 904, Mon Stewi OS 1 982, Masaleg 1 992 D.Jenkins p.42 Name of an upper branch of Clarach. "Darganffim bedair blynedd yn ol, sut bynnag, bod yn ardal Bro Gynin ffrwd fechan a elwir heddyw 'Salem', oddiwrth rhyw gape� ond a elwid gynt 'Saleg' meddai yr hen drigolion." [ 1 9 1 5 T. Gw. Jones: 51 ] ; The old woman who informed T. Gw. Jones was reported as saying "Saleg oedd enw'r afon pan own i'n groten, ond Salem y ma'n nhw'n i weid yn awr, ta beth yw achos hynny. " [ 1 936 BBC S: 8.143]. D. Jenkins also stated: "Clywais innau gan o leiaf ddau o hynafgwyr yr ardal mai dyrna briod enw'r lie [i.e. a form of Masaleg], ac mai cymharol diweddar yw'r un presennol [i.e. Salem] . " [ 1 936 BBCS: 8. 1 43] . The Independent chapel of Salem (72-a) was built in 1 824. Cf Basaleg (Mons.), Bassalec [c. l 1 40 LL: 273]. I. Williams ( 1 934 in BBC S: 7.277] gave its etymology as from L. basilica 'church'. As he pointed out the required nasal-mutation following yn!ym 'in' would result that 'in Basaleg' would become ym Masaleg; the unstressed mas- would sound like any of the names containing the common maes, unstressed in the same position to mas-, this lead to the hypercorrection Maesaleg. The variation between initial [b-] and [m-], and even [ v- ] is well-known in Welsh (as it is in Breton), e.g. bawd � mawd, bath and math, migwrn --+ bigwm, benyw --+ menyw, (see sub Mydr). D. J. Bowen [ 1 984: 164 ] thought Masaleg had a different derivation from Basaleg (Mons. ) which was from L. basilica, 'church'. In the triangular field (SN 626-83 5) near Gogerddan (72-a), a sixth-century graveyard was discovered in 1 987 by Dyfed Archaeologists [ 1 992 D. Jenkins: 20] . H. James [ 1 994: 402] noted that for this site "there are no traditions of a lost chapel, no place-name indications of a cemetery,", it is true that there are no traditions of a chapel here, but Masaleg may refer to this site. Another site worthy of investigation by archaeologists may be (csl0-1 1 ) Cae Gwalau isaf + uchaf [1 788sur map] at SN c.646-842. The other name of this river Stewi - found in Glanstewi (72-a) and Cwm Casdewi (above) - is a bit of a mystery, supporting himself on the 1 803 form D. Jenkins [ 1992: 42 ] derived Casdewi � Castell Dewi. Phonetically this is reasonable, but where was the 'castle', and how was it connected to Dewi, see sub Llwynddewi (68-a). I prefer to connect it to Dol y Stewi ucha + issa (Llanwrtbwl, Brees.) [ 1590 BRA (1 940) MSS: 3]. Two

1260

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

designations for the upper course, viz. Afon Lluest-y-trajle, Nant-fach Blaencastell, show the old name to be well forgotten. Associated toponyms: Dolmasaleg (72-a), Glanstewi (72-a), Tynpynfarch-fach (73-a). Medeni -(� Ceri: 7: 3 1 -44 � 29-47) [ ? ] ; Medeni, ar Ffydeni 1 65 1 rent, Medeni 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 50 edn) vol. l p. 86, Modeny Brook 1 83 9TMS Betwsifan, Medini 1 844 in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 87, Medeni, y Medeni 1 86 1 Brythonydd p. 1 66, Afon Deny OS 1 89 1 , Afon Medeni O S 1904, Maden(n)i, Meden(n)i 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 1 62 From mudan + -wy (i. e. 'quiet river') [1 904 J. Evans: 3 58 ] which is to be discounted. "Am y bon Meden (n )-, Maden(n)- , yn yr enw hwn, anodd gwybod a pha air y gellir ei gysylltu. Dichon y dylid ystyried yr ansoddair mad 'ffodus, lwcus; da', fel yn yr enw person Madien, Madog, Madwaith, neu o bosibl y bon Mad- yn Madyn, Galeg Matu- 'arth', ac yn yr enw cyffiedin madyn 'llwynog'. Gallasai Madeni, Medeni ddeillio o ffurf h5'n Mad(j)en, Galeg Matugenos, o bosibl yn Nant Maden ym mhlwyf Penderyn (Brych. ). Digwydd -jeni yn yr enw haniaethol unigol, weithiau torfol, rhieni f- rhy-geni 'y rhai a aned yn flaenorol', P.K.M 1 65--66. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 62]; see 1 868 B. Williams p. l l l . Associated toponyms: Abermedeni (7-a), Glanmedeni (7-a). Melindwr(i) -(� Rheidol: 70, 72: 64-80 � 70-83) [melin + dWt-]; Melindwr River 1 790sur map, River Melindwr, River Melyndwr 1 834map W.Morgan, Afon Melynddwr OS 1 834, Afon Melindwr OS 1 89 1 The upper course o fMelindwr called Nant Cwmgraig. Melinddwr � Melindwr, just a s did cynddeirog � cyndeirog in South Wales dialects, cf also Llanddyfri � Llandyfri (E. Llandovery, Canns.). Melindwr was named after Melingraig (70-a) [ 1 945> D. Jones: 21 ] . Associated toponyms: Blaenmelindwr (72-a), Glynmelindwr (70-a), Rhydmelindwr (70-a). Melindwr(i) -(� Einon(i): 76: 68-96 � 70-96)[melin + d'Wr]; Merau 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 46, Mon Melindwr (lower course), Mon Cwm-ereu (upper course) OS 1 891 , Afon Cwm-ere (upper course) OS 1 904, Afon Cwmere 0Sc. l 950, Afon Cymerau (upper course) OS 1 982 Formed by confluence of Nant Dynin and Brwyno(i). The melin referred to is Melin Garreg (78-a). Associated toponyms: Melindwr (78-a).

Menai - (� Cletwr: 1 4 : 44-45 � 42-44) [ ? ] ; Menei >1 265( 1 324) cart. Tal-llychau, Nant Mene O S 1 904 This appears to be a relatively common river-name, of which the most famous example is the hn. Menai (Caerns. I Angl.), Menei 1 3thcent. , yng Nghwmmwd Mene [ 1 740 T. Evans: 1 29] ; Dishgil-pont-Mene was the

(Cwmgwallll, Pembs.) [ 1 91 0 W. M. Morris: 1 14] ; ;;) vena, (Bangor) [ 1 9 1 3 WVBD: 3 7 1 ] . Other examples are less impressive streams, e.g. Nant Menay 1 592 (prox. Abergynolwyn, Mers.) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 30] ; Apermenei (prox. Llanart:h, Mons.) [c. 1 140 LL: 1 80], and the present Menai. The straits of Menai is the most important feature with this name, and was "a prehistoric name possibly connected with Manaw and Mon" [ 1 926 Gw. M. Jones: 3]. "Diamau y dylid cysylltu'r bon Men- yn yr enw uchod a'r gwreiddyn *men-, a welir, ond odid, yn enw'r llwyth Menapii yng Ngal Felgaidd. Yn ol pob tebyg, yr un gwreiddyn, gyda graddau gwahanol o lafariad, sydd yn yr enw Manaw, Mon, MYNWY (Myn.), Mynyw (Cered.; Pen£), &c. Digwydd gwreiddyn *men- yn y Lladin manere 'aros', mens 'meddwl', eminere 'sefyll allan, bod yn amlwg', ond amhosibl ydyw penderfynu a oes a wnelo ddim ag enw'r afon a'r nentydd hyn. Ceir hefyd ferf Ladin miino, miiniire 'rhedeg, llifo'. " [ 1 93 8 R. J. Thomas: 30]. K. H. Jackson [ 1 953 : 378] emphasised that the name Menauii {sic leg. Menapii} was not related to Mynyw. name given to 'the old willow pattern dish or plate'

avon mena

But " Oherwydd amlder yr enw, a'i gael ar led Cyrnru, ni ellir mwyach ei gydio wrth yr enw Mon, na rhoi

ystyr rwysgfawr iddo, oddieithr i ni fedru ei gydio wrth enw duwies. Os enw cyffredin yw, mae gobaith o'r myn- sydd yn myned, tremynu, a'i esbonio fel llif, ffiwd, neu'r cyfryw. Ni af ymhellach ar hyn o bryd. "

(1945 I. Williams: 56]. 'Welsh men (cf myn- in myned 'go'?) + suffix -ai, with the meaning of 'flow, stream'?' [1 970 M. Richards: 135]. R J. Thomas [1 938: 30] noted a rare word mennai 'a trough', though the double of its medieval forms may be an obstacle to it being identified with menai (this term might be related to men 'cart' [GPC s.v. men]). Other rivers containing the common term cafn 'trough' are Cafnan(t), Cenfi, and Cefni [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 45--46, 1 3 1-32] . Associated toponyms: Blaenmenai (14-a), Glynmenai (1 4-a), Rhydfenai (14-a). Mergi -(� Aeron: 42: 54-56 � 54-59)[pn Mergi] ; Nant-y-fergy OS 1 834, a'r Fergi 1 93 6 D.Jenkins p. 5 7, Nant y Fergy OS 1 891 , Nant y Fergi O S 1 904

1261

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

This river-name, along with that contained in the tn. Blaenmergi (Bridell, Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs: 349], and Ynysfergi (75-a), appears to contain a Celtic personal-name Mergi, cognate to I. pn. Muirchu [ 1993 J. Uhlich: 281 ] (note the meaning 'shark' of an identical but unaffected variant morgi, found in both Welsh and Breton). The tn. Cwmbergi (Tal-y-llyn, Mers.) [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 152] appears to contain bergi 'turnspit' [GPC s.v. bergi ] . Associated toponyms: Gwaunfergi (42-a), Penlan Fergi (42-a). Merin -(-> Mynach(ii): 6 1 , 7 1 : 76-77 � 79-8 1 ) [pn. Merin]; [mi'herm T. Griffiths, (c) kum'erm J. B. Howells] Meryn >1246( 1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, River Merrin 1 803map J. Singer, Merrin 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 39, Nant Myherin OS 1 834, River Myherin 1 865Encl. map Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Mon Myherin OS 1 89 1 , Merin als. Meri 1 90 1 J.Rhys p.577 This river-name, as we11 as the tns. Glanmerin (Monts.), Bodferin (Caerns.); St. Merryn (Cornwall) [ 1988 0. J. Padel: 1 20]. Ploveilh (F. Plomelin, Finistere), Ploemerin c. 1 3 30, Ploeverin 1 540 [ 1 992 B. Tanguy: 149], are all doubtlessly derived from L. pn. Marinus. And whilst merin also meant 'sea' in MW. the connection between it and the personal-name being evident in the name of Merin, the son of Seithennin who ruled Cantre-gwaelod (the land overrun by the sea) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 2 1 1] - it is most unlikely that this river to had a connection with the meaning 'sea'. As R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 2 1 1 ] had noticed, this river-name was reanalysed as meaning meheryn 'wethers' - at least as early as the OS map of 1 82 1 (see sub Blaenmerin, 61 a) though this reanalysis had nothing to do with the wholly independent name Bancmeheryn (61-b), pace R J. Thomas. In Cardiganshire Welsh the realisation of meheryn is never menn, but always mi '(h)erm (cf Mehefin mi'(h)evm). Associated toponyms: Blaenmerin (61-a), FjTWdmerin (71 -b). Merwydd -(-> Teifi: 14: 3 9-40 39-42)[pn. Merwydd]; Nant Merwydd OS 1 89 1 This is most probably the pn. Menvydd (cf OW. Merguid, a n early Welsh monk mentioned i n the Glastonbury chronicle [1 300% in 1 985 J. P. Carley: 1 0] ), which is also found in Hendre-FeTWydd (Llanbedr/Llandecwyn, Mers.). An unlikelier etymology - to which M. Richards [ 1 960b: 1 8 1 ] adhered to in regard to Hendre-FeTWydd derives these names from meTWydd, a later attested variant of moTWydd 'mulberry trees'. Associated toponyms: Blaenmerwydd ( 12-a), Blaencwm-MeTWydd (14-a), Cwm-Merwydd (14-a), Ffinnant (14a), Gwarcwm-Merwydd (1 2-a). Milwyn -(-> Ystwyth: 59: 78-73 � 80-72) [ ? ] ; [mdwm T. Griffiths] Melewen River 1 53 9 J.Leland p. l 1 9, Nant Filwyn OS 1 834, River Milwyn 1 842TMS Ysbyty Ystwyth, Nant Milwyn O S 1 8 9 1 The upper course o fMilwyn called Ffoslas(i). One is tempted to explain Milwyn by the archaic term mil 'animal', however, the meaning, and even the value, of the -wyn component is uncertain. Associated toponyms: Abermilwyn (59-a), Blaenmilwyn (59-a, 59-b), Esgairmilwyn (59-a, 59-b), Ffrwdmilwyn (59-b), Milwyn Cottage (59-a), Tomenfilwyn (59-b). Mot -(-> Gido: 22: 4 1 -57 4 1 - 56) [tn Mot[-y-gido] (22-a)] ; Mon Mot OS 1 891 It is almost certainly a secondary formation from a reanalysis of the neighbouring Mot-y-gido (22-a); see Gido (d). Mourig(i) - (-> Teifi: 5 8, 59, 5 7, 34: 71 -66 � 72-69)[pn. Meurig] ; Meuric 1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradfflur, Meuric Duy > 1 246(1 336) cart. Ystradfflur, Mirik Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, Meyric R 1 803map J. Singer, Meyrig 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 74, River Meurig OS 1 89 1 , Mon Meurig OS 1 904 Its upper reaches are called Marchnant (d). Apart from the two in Cardiganshire, there are another two rivers named Meurig ( 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 193]. Its derivation is plainly from the pn. Meurig, OW. Maurie, is derived from the L. pn. Mauricius. Tradition had it that Mourig was named after Meurig ab Rhodri Mawr, "Mevric ap Rodri a ddigwyddodd o ddiar i varch yn Ystrad Mevric. " (1 600¥2 RepWMSS: 1 .2.499]. For the form Meuric Duy >1 246, cf Cwm-Mourig-ddu (59-a). Associated toponyms: Bronmeurig (57-a), Cefomourig (58-a), Cwm-Meurig-ddu (59-a), Cwm-Mourig (58-a), Pontmourig (58-b), Ystradmeurig (57-a). Mourig(ii) -(-> Aeron: 3 5 , 29: 56-56 � 5 8-54) [pn. Meurig] ; -

-

-

�

-

�

1 262

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Meuryc fl 1300-50(c. 1 400) Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant in Hendreg. p. 330, Meiric Brook 1 803map J. Singer, Nant Meurig OS 1 834, Nant Meurig OS 1 89 1 , Meurig 1 936 D.Jenkins p. 57 Associated toponyms: Abermourig (35-a), Blaenafon (29-a), Blaenmourig als. Tynrhos(ii) (29-a), Brynmeurig (35-a), Capel Abermourig (35-a), Cottage (35-a). Mouro - (� Teifi: 34: 75-66 78-63)[pn. *Meuro] ; [kom'm�jro E. Davies] Moyron river 1 78 1 sur map, River Moirodd 1 8 1 8sur map, Mon Mwyro OS 1 834, Mon Mwyro OS 1 89 1 , Moero 1 91 2 Cymru vol.42 p.20 1 , Moero 1 938 R J. Thomas p. 223, Myro 1 984 R.J.Moore-Colyer p.77 I see no basis for R J. Thomas' s supposition [1938: 223] that Blaen Meyro issa 1 677/78 was a mistake due to copying. The form Mwyro may be a slight phonetic variant, similar to bujdi which is quite often heard about this area for boudy, beudy. The variation between and in the forms of Blaenmouro (34-a) makes it nearly certain that we are dealing with the literary diphthong . IfMauro is the form, it could easily be a hypocoristic with suffix -o on Mourig, a South Wales form ofMeu rig. Associated toponyms: Blaenmouro (34-ab), Cwm-Mouro (34-a) , Ty-canol (34-a). Mudan - (� Aeron: 44: 46-61 47-61 )[mud + -an]; �

�

inf

Associated toponyms: Cwm-Mudan (44-b). Mwldan - (� Teifi: 1: 1 7-45 21 -49)[E. mill + dam] ; [av�n'va:x I. Mathias, �i.T,a·v�n'va:x (desc. ) 1 995 M. W. Jones p. 1 99] 'water called' Muldan 1 566 Kyle MSS, Llynan ? 1 572/73 Nouadd MSS, Myldan 1 58 1 Nouadd MS 225, Mylle Broke 1 61 0map J. Speed, 'water on w part' Mooldam 16 1 1 EEW MSS, Nant Hynvelin 1 626 Coedmor MS 1 49, The River Muldan 1 7 1 5 W. J.Hemp MS 79, Mwldan als. Mill Dam Brook 1 759 Bronwydd MSS, Mon Mwldan OS 1 89 1 , Mon fach c. 1 970map I. Mathias Was Llynnan an alias, or the name for the upper stretch of the Mwldan? One could think from Glanllynnan (1-a) that Llynnan referred to the tributary ofthe Mwldan that begins at PantdWr (2-a), except that in 1 630 [ 1630 Nouadd MSS], Llwynllwyd (2-a) was said to be in Dyffrynllynnan. It seems likely that Llynnan was the ancient name, superseded by Mwldan, which itself now refers to the so-named quarter of Aberteifi town, the river being referred to at present as Afon-fach by local people (inf I. Mathias] . The name Llynnan is a derivative of llyn, J. Davies [ 1 63 2 in GPC s.v. llyn] explained the term llynnan as meaning 'little lake', whilst R J. Thomas [1 938: 75] : "Am y bon Llynn- yn yr enw hwn, hwyrach mai a'r enw llyn(n) 'hylif, diod', neu'n debycach yn yr ystyr 'llwch, pwll (mewn afon neu nant)', y dylid ei gysylltu. " ; cf. hn. Llynnant (Canns.) [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 74] . I. J. Sanders [1959: 3 30] tentatively suggested the name Mwldan as a probable welshification of E. mill-dam 'mill-pond'. I believe the derivation ofMwldan from E. mill-dam is almost certain, note the forms Moo/dam 1 6 1 1 , Mwldan als. Mill Dam Brook 1 759, and the apparent translation of the form of 1 626 (cf. Llyn-y-jelin (1-a) on the banks of the Mwldan). We may compare Mil/ Dam [ 1834map J. Wood] given as the name of the leet that fed Our Ladys Mill (65-a). The phonetic development of a ME . *mylndamme, would be expected to give W. *Muldam, the replacement of -am with -an would be a hypercorrection (cf. hn. Bwdram) , and the change of vocalism from *Muldan (cf Myldan 1 5 8 1 ) to Mwldan is typical of south-western Welsh, cf. Clun.ffyrddin � Clunffwrddin (Hemys Moat) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 64] . T. James [ 1 983 CER: 9.338, 342] gives no proper reasoning for rejecting the etymology mill + dam, his own derivation from L. mole(n)dinum is certainly untenable; see E. Owen in 1 905 AC p. 326; cf Craig-y-bwldan (SS 60-94, G\vaunarlwydd, Glams. ). Associated toponyms: Brynllynnan (1 -a), Glanllynnan (1-a),Mwldan (1-a). Mydr -(� Aeron: 27, 26, 22: 47-60 45-52)[mydr]; Bidder Flu: 1 578map C. Saxton, R. Mydyr 1 803map J.Singer, The Bidder 1 803 B.H.Malkin p.402, Mydur 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle xxxvii, Mydr OS 1 834, River Mydir 1 83 9TMS Llannerchaeron, River Mydr 1 844TMS Dihewyd, Mydyr 1 864 B.Williams p.3, Mon Mydr OS 1 89 1 , Mon Mydyr OS 1 904, a'r Mydyr 1 936 D.Jenkins p. 57 The subsequent forms of this river's name as well as the earliest form Mydreilin 1 565 for Mydroulun (22a) conflicts with the form 1 5 78 form Bidder given by Saxton. This form tempts one to derive the river's name from an original budr 'dirty'. But whilst the change of initial consonant � is attested in men, Masaleg (d), as well as a contrary change � , e. g. bawd, sW. bignen, bigwm, there is no attestation of *mudr for budr, for which confmnation is given by the never varying forms of hn. Budrell (Carms.) [ 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 96] . A likely explanation for the 1 578 Bidder is a reading mistake between lower �

�

1263

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

case

and in proofs. Therefore it seems safer to derive the river's name from mydr 'musical or

poetical rhythm', and to connect this name with other stream-names referring to the noise of the river. Associated toponyrns:

Mynach(i) - (�

Abermydr (27 -a), Bro-Mydr (22-a), Mydroulun (22-a), Pomprenmydr (46-a).

Granell: 24: 52-49

�

54- 5 1 ) [mynach] ;

Nant Ymyn Aeth c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 80, Nant Mynach OS 1 891 This was named after the lands of the Cistercian monks of Ystradffiur, as it formed the southern boundary of their grange-lands of Hafodwen

(e). Abernant (25-a), Cwm-Mynach (24-a), Maesmynach (25-a). Mynach(ii) -(� Rheidol: 6 1 , 7 1 : 74-77 76-77) [mynach] ; [av::m'm�naz J. B. Howells] Munach R 1 699map W.Waller, Fynach R. 1 803rnap J. Singer, Mon y Mynach 'monk's river' 1 862 Associated toponyrns:

�

G.Borrow p.2 1 9, Mynach OS 1 89 1 This is probably named after the land was granted

in the twelfth century t o Cistercian monks, a s it formed

the northern boundary of their grange-lands of Cwrnystwyth. However, it is possible that it was named after Welsh monks preceding the handing over of the land to the Cistercians of Ystradfflur, see

Llaneithyr

(71-a). There is another river Mynach in

Cwmtirmynaich (Llanfor, Mers.). Associated toponyrns: Capelmynach (61-a), Mynach (61-a). Myneian -( � Yr Henafon: 80, PEMBS. : 1 5-48 1 3 -45) [ ? ] ; �

Mynyan c. 1 603

in

1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 p. 268, 'the rill at' Meynian Moore 1 603 G. Owen vol l p. 1 02,

Manianfach Mill Stream 1 9 1 3 TS 27/06/1 3, Afon y Felin c. 1 970map !.Mathias This was the limit between the divisions of Llandydoch parish called Plwyf-bach and Plwyf-mawr (e); cf Myneian-fawr (80-a). As to the name, cf hn. Myni"an (Denbs.), Manyan 1 6 1 0, Myneyan c. 1 700 "Ni ellir awgryrnu dim sicr parthed tarddiad yr enw hwn. Yr un enw o bosibl a welir ar y llecyn Man rem (Pen£ ) . . . " ( 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 78 ] ; " . . . a chredaf innau mai bachigyn o Menai yw Myneyan, Mynian, ffrwd a red i'r Mon Glwyd ger Derwen (Pemb. 5 23), cf Ffrwd, Ffrydan." [ 1945 r. Williams: 56]. For the meaning of Menai (v.sub Menai). "Gall Myni'an ddeillio o ffurf debyg i Myneian, Maneian +--- ? Maneuan; ceir gair maneuawc, R.P. 1 3 5 3 . 29. " [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 7 8] (the reference is to 1 3 00% RBH Poetry); "the form Meynian suggests a connection with maen 'stone', pl. meini. " ( 1992 PN Pembs: 1 6-17] . It may, also, have been called Deifo [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 222], see Cwmdeifo (80-a). Nant-yr-aber - (� Rheidol: 6 1 : 68-79 70-78)[nant + tn. Aber[ffrwd] (63-a)]; �

Nant yr Aber OS 1 904

Nant Abercoed - (�

Carfan: 32: 69-56)[nant

+ tn.

Abercoed ( 32-a)];

Nant Abercoed 1 83 9TMS

(32-a) now, but Cwmcaifan land (32-a). Its attribution to Abercoed may have m�m3,gwar'alt for part of the mountain belonging to Hafodlas (32-a), as Gwarallt (33-a) habitually grazed and collected their sheep there though it was not their land [inf J. Williams] ; see Magwyr Abercoed (prox. Galdre, 32-a) [1 800¥2 Nanteos tpl.269] . Nant-yr-adarn(i) - (� Cothi: 32, CARMS. : 70-48 7 1 -50) [nant + yr + adar + (-n)] Llyste David Meredith in Nant yr Adar 1 578 Edwinsford MSS p. 1 1 2, Nant y Rhadon 1 803rnap J. Singer, Nant-y-radon 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p. l 48, Nantyrador c. 1 879 ECE MS SD 92, Nant yr Adar OS 1 89 1 Nant-yr-adarn(ii) - (� Rhuddnant: 6 1 : 77-77) [nant + yr + adar + (-n) ] ; This is not on Abercoed land

arisen as did the name

�

Nant-pridd OS 1 834, Nant-yr-adarn OS 1 89 1

Nant-yr-arian(i) - (�

Nant-fach: 3 3 : 7 1 - 5 8

�

7 1 - 57)[nant

+ yr + arian] ; [nant�'rarjan

Rh. Hughes]

Nant yr Arian OS 1 89 1 This, a s with the unlocated

Nant-yr-arian(ii) - (�

Nantrarian(Ui), was probably named because o f silver-lead deposits in the vicinity, namely Cwm-y-graig-goch. Camddwr(i): 32: 76-57 75-56) [nant + yr + arian] ; [nant�'rarjan Gwl. Jones] �

Nant yr Arian OS 1 89 1 , Nant yr Ariah OS 1 904 There has been no known lead-mining activity here, but silver-lead deposits were mined at Rhydhalog (32-

a) further down the Camddwr(i) valley. Nantrarian(iii) -(-+ Melindwr: 70: 70- 8 1 � 7 1 - 8 1 )[nant + yr + arian]; Nant yr Arian OS 1 89 1

R

J . Thomas

[1 938: 95]

suggests that river-names with arian 'silver' gets their name from the brightness of

their flow. It seems more likely with this particular stream that the silver-lead deposits it its name.

1 264

in the vicinity gave

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Associated toponyms: Bwlch Nantrarian (70-b), Nantrarian (70-ae). Nant-yr-aur -(upper course of Llawemeg: 71 : 72-80 72- 8 1 )[nant + yr + aur] ; Nant yr Air OS 1 89 1 , Nant yr Aur OS 1 904 There are hardly any gold deposits in Cardiganshire so it seems much more likely that this name was coined in opposition to Nantran·an(iii) across the Bwlch Nantrarian (70-b) pass in the next valley. Associated toponyms: Nant-yr-aur (71 -a). Nant-bach(i) -(� Nant Llynfign: 59: 8 1 -69)[nant + bach] Nant bach 1 842TMS Ysbyty Ystwyth Nant-bach(ii) -(� Nant Brynlluestydd: 76: 72-89 72-90) [nant + bach]; Nant bach 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant bach 1 872Encl map Genau'rglyn Nant Bara-ceirch -(� Nant-yr-adam(i): 32: 70-49 70-50)[nant + bara-ceirch]; Nant Bara Ceirch 1 842TMS, Nant Bara-ceirch OS 1 89 1 Nant-y-bedw -(� Te:ifi: 1 5 : 5 1 -43 5 1 -45)[nant + y + bedw] ; Nant y Bedw 1 939 D.R & Z. S .Davies p. 1 0 Associated toponyms: Nant-y-bedw (1 5-a). Nant-y-benglog(i) -(� Camdwr(ri): 72: 74-87 75-89)[nant + y + penglog]; [nant�'bar1ks E. Humphreys] Nant y Benglog 1 790sur map, Nant y Benglog OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Barracks OS 1 904, Nant y Baracs OS 1 982 Nantbenglog(ii) -(� Doethiau: 32: 75-52 76-53)[nant + y + penglog] ; Nant y Benglog 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Nant-y-benglog OS 1 891 Nant-y-berws -(� Ystwyth: 59: 73-72 75-7 1 )[nant + y + berws] ; Nant y Berws OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Nant-y-berws (59-a). Nantbiau -(� Tywi: 32: 78-47 78-48)[nant + ? ] ; [nant'bie J. Lewis] in£ Cf Penrhiwbrau (32-a). Nantbiswail -(� Brwyno(ri) : 34: 80-64 80-65)[nant + y + biswail]; Nant y Byswel 1 843TMS Caron, Nant y Biswail OS 1 89 1 , Nant Biswail OS 1 982 Nant Blaenstcyt -(� Llawerneg: 71 : 72-8 1 72-80)[nant + tn. Blaenstryt (71-a)); Nant Blaen-stryt 1 924-26 CSRLS 56 Nant-y-bog -(� Rheidol: 71: 74-8 1 73- 8 1 )[nant + tn. Bog (71 -a)] ; [nant�'b:.g J. J. Morgan] Craignant Brook 1 790sur map, Nant y Creignant 1 834map W.Morgan, Nant y Bog OS 1 891 Nant-y-bont(i) - (� Claerwen: 34: 82-66 8 1 -66)[nant + y + pont] ; [nant�'b:.nt G. Edwards] Nant y Bont OS 1 89 1 Nantbont(ii) -( � Tywi: 34: 80-59 78-60)[nant + y + pont] ; [nant'b:.nt J . Jones, D. Jones(ri)} Nant y Bont 1 677 Crosswood MSS, Nant y Bont OOS 1 82 1 , Nant y Bont 1 843TMS, Nant y Bont OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Esgair Nantbont (34-b). Nant-y-brawd -(� Mon Llechweddmor: 76: 75-89)[nant + y + brawd] Nant y Brawd 1 747map L.Morris, Nant-y-braw O S 1 89 1 This name may commemorate medieval rights o f pasture held by Cistercian monks, see sub Fynach (76-b). Nantbreni -(� Ceri: 8 : 34-47 33-48)[nant + y + brenin]; Brenni 1 894 NLW MS 1 5858-B p.3, Brenni 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/16 The late fo rm Breni is a back-formation from Nantbreni (8-a). Associated toponyms: Nantbreni (8-a). Nant-y-brithdir -(� Camddwr(i): 32: 78-53 77-52)[nant + tn. Brithdir (32-a)] ; Nant y Brithdir OS 1 891 Nant-y-brithyll -(upper course of Nant Rhenfelin: 59: 72-71 74-70) [ nant + y + brithyll] ; Nant y Brithyll OS 1 891 See Penpomren (59-a). Associated toponyms: Rhyd-y-brithyll (59-a). Nant-y-bryn -(� Pysgotwr-fawr: 32: 72-52 7 1 -53)[nant + tn. Bryn[caregog] (32-a)] ; Nant y Bryn OS 1 89 1 Cf Penfenni (32-b). �

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1 265

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant Bryndu - (� Clywedog-ucha: 32: 67-5 1 - 68-52)[nant + tn. Bryndu (32-b)]; Nant y Bryn Du 1 793sur map, Nant Bryngas 1 839TMS, Nant Bryn-du OS 1 89 1 , Nant Bryn Du 0Sc. l 950 Nant BryngaJW - (� Nant-y-gwaith: 61: 80-75 - 80-77)[nant + tn. Bryngarw (61-b)]; Nant Bryn-garw OS1 891 Nant Brynglas(i) - (� Camddwr(i): 32: 76-57 - 75-56) [nant + tn. Brynglas (32-a)]; Nant Bryn-glas OS 1 89 1 , Nant Bryn Glas 0Sc. l 95 0 Nant-y-brynglas(ii) - (� Mon Llechweddmor: 78, MONTS. : 75-91 76-92)[nant + tn. Brynglas] ; Nant y Brynglas 1 790sur map Nant Brynlluestydd - (� Nant Camnant: 76: 71 -89 72-89)[nant + tn. Brynlluestydd (76-b)] ; Nant B ryn Lluestydd 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant Bryn Lluestydd 1 800%map RM A1 56 Nant Brynmaen -( � Llyndu: 32, 3 6, 37, 33, 3 8 : 63-55 - 65-59)[nant + tn. Brynmaen (37-a)]; Nant Bryn-maen OS 1 891 Nantbudr - (� Camdwr(i): 76: 73-89 74-89)[nant + budr] ; Nant Bydr 1 859map Gogerddan n.24 Nant Bwa-drain - (� Rheidol: 71 : 71-78 - 72-80)[nant + tn. Bwa-drain (71-a)] ; Nant Amdual 1 747map L.Morris, Nant Llymystau Duon 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 372, Nant Lymystaw 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p.484, Nant-llamai-ddu 1 888 R Askew p.46, Nant Bwa-drain 08 1 89 1 , Nant y Colomenod Duon 1 924-26 CSRLS 3, Nant Clameduon 1 924-26 CSRLS 9 For other forms of llymystau duon llymau duon, see sub Craigllymau-duon (71-a). The stream formed the lower limit of chapelry of Ysbyty-Cynjjm (71-a) [1833 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .484 ] . Nant-y-bwl -(� Doethlau-fawr: 32: 74-54 73-54)[nant + y + ? ] ; [nant>J'bu:l D. Jones(i)] Nant Bwl 1 88 9Encl. map Llanddewi Breft, Nant y Bwl OS 1 904 Cf Brynbwl (74-a). Nant Bwlch-y-ddeJWen - (� Maesmor: 76: 69-88 70-89)[nant + tn. Bwlch-y-dderwen (76-a)] ; Nant Bwlch-y-dderwen OS 1 904 Nant Bwlchgamedd - (� Nantgaseg(iv): 6 1 : 80-8 1 )[nant + tn Bwlchgamedd] ; Nant Bwlch Gamedd 1 865Encl. map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn Nant Bwlch-y-garreg -(the name of the upper course of Ceulan: 76: 72-90 72-91 )[nant + tn. Bwlch-y-garreg (76-a)]; Nant Bwlch y Garreg 1 789 Gogerddan MSS box D 1 , Bwlch y Garreg Brook 1 889Per. Genau'rglyn Nant Bwlchglas -(� Mon Cymerau(ii): 76: 69-87 71 -86)[nant + tn. Bwlchglas (76-a)] ; Nant Bwlch-glas OS 1 904 Nant Bwlchgwallter - (� Ystwyth: 59: 76-73 77-70)[nant + tn. Bwlchgwallter (59-a)]; Nant Bwlch Gwalter 1 865Encl. map Gwnnwys, Bwlchgwalter Brook 1 867map Hafod min. pls., Nant Bwlch Gwallter OS 1 89 1 , Nant Bwlch Gwalter OS 1 904 Nant Bwlchgwyn -(� Nant Brynlluestydd: 76: 72-89 72-90)[nant + tn. Bwlchgwyn (76-b)]; Nant Bwlchgwyn 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant Bryncastell, Nant Bwlch Gwyn 1 872Encl. map Genau'rglyn Nantbyr(i) -(� Ystwyth: 59: 79-73 80-73) [nant + byr] Floesedd Gleison 1 844TMS Gwnnwys, Nant Byrr 1 924-26 CSRLS 23, Nant Byr OS1 904 Associated toponyms: Nantbyr (59-a). Nantbyr(ii) - (� Tuen: 7 1 : 73-79)[nant + byr]; �

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Associated toponyms: Nantbyr (71-a). Nantbyr(iii) -(� Nant-y-brynglas: 78: 74-92 74-93)[nant + byr]; �

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Associated toponyms: Nantbyr (78-a). Nantbywain - (� Castell: 71 : 77-81 77-82)[nant + sn. Bywain]; [nant'bowen J. B. Howells] Nant-y-bowen 1 795map D.Davies, Nant Mab I wan 1 807 Nanteos fPl. 340, Nant Bowen OS 1 891 See Nantgraeanog (71-a). Nant-y-cae - (� Ystwyth: 59: 82-74)[nant + y + cae] ; Nant y Cae OS 1 891 As with Nantcau (59-a) was reanalysed to Nant-y-cae, this stream is probably for Nantcau, the steep mountain slopes here are not an obvious area for fields; cf Nantcae-mawr (d). �

1 266

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant-y-cae-isa -(� Ystwyth: 59: 8 1 -74 82-74)[nant + y + cae (+ isaf)]; Nant y Cae-isaf OS 1 89 1 Nant Cae-coch -(� Nantmarch: 3 2 : 76-52 77-52)[nant + tn. Cae-coch] ; ((c) ka·'ko:x J . Jones] Nant Cae Coch 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi Nant Cae-glas -(� Ystwyth: 6 1 : 78-73 78-74)[nant + tn. Cae-glas] ; [av:m,ka'gla:s, (c) p:mt,ka'gla:s T. Griffiths] (c) Cwm Nant Cae Glas 1 844TMS, Nant Cae-glas OS 1 89 1 The upper course o fNant Cae-glas i s called Nantgorlan(ill) . Nant Cae-mawr -(� Trenig: 7 1 : 8 1 -83 8 1 -82)[nant + tn. Cae-mawr]; Nant Cae-mawr OS 1 89 1 Probably for Nantcau-mawr, the steep mountain slopes here are not an obvious area for fields; cf Nant-y­ cae (d). Nant Cae-trafle -(� Nant-y-gerwyn(iii): 32: 74- 5 1 75- 5 l )[nant + tn. Cae-trafle] ; Nant Cae Trafle c. 1 850map Brynambor, Nant Cartrefle (sic loc.) OS 18 91 The mountainland named kar'trevle lay between Esgairllwybrau (32-b) and Brynllefrith (32-b) [inf. E. Hughes] . Nant Camdwr-bach -(� Camdwr(i): 76: 74-88-74-89)[nant + tn. Carndwr-bach (76 a)] ; [nant,kamdur'ba:z E . Humphreys] Nant-canol(i) - (� Claerddu: 58, 59: 80-68 80-69)[nant + canol]; Nant canol OS 1 891 , Nant ganol l 924-26 CSRLS 58 Nant-canol(ii) -(� Pysgotwr-fawr: 32: 72-52 72-54)[nant + canol] ; Nant canol OS 1 891 , Nant ganol OS 1 904 Nantcaredyn -(� Rheidol 71 : 74-82 75-82)[nant + pn. Caredyn] ; Nant y-gwredyn 1 795map D.Davies, Nant y Caerhedyn OS 1 982 Nant Carregdeio -(� Nantceilogyn: 6 1 : 8 1 - 8 1 )[nant + tn Carregdeio] ; Nant Carreg Dio[?] 1 865Encl. map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn Nant Carregderyn -(� Doethiau: 32: 76-52)[nant + tn. Carregderyn]; [nant,kareg'derm J. Jones] in£ Nant-y-castell(i) -(� Croes: 3 3 : 71 -60 � 64-64)[nant + y + castell]; Nant y Castell OS 1 904 Refers to hill at SN 71 8-607, cf Gwarcastell (33-a). Nant-y-castell(ii) -(� Teifi: 56, 57: 70-67 69-68)[nant + y + castell] ; Nant-y-castell 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 8 50 edn) vol.2 p.441 Nant Castell-bach -(� Carndwr(ii): 76: 73-90)[nant + tn. Castell-bach (76-b)]; Nant Castell bach 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant Castell bach 1 872Encl. map Genau'rglyn Nantcau -(� Ystwyth: 59: 77-73 79-71)[nant + caul ; Nant Gai OS 1 834, Nant y Cai 1 865EncL map Gwnnwys, Nant Cau OS 1 89 1 , Nant Gau OS 1 904 Associated toponyrns: Nantcau (59-a), Talogau (59-a). Nantcawl -(� Doethiau-fawr: 32: 75-53 75-52)(nant + y + cawl] ; Nant y Cawl 1 700114 Neuadd-fawr MSS Associated toponyrns: Nantcawl (32-a). Nantceilogyn -(� Trenig: 7 1 , 61 : 82-82 80-81 )[nant + y + ceiliogyn]; [nantkd';1gm T. Griffiths, M. Griffiths, nant�'bowndri M. Griffiths] Cwm Bestyll (sic) OOS 1 82 1 , Nant Ciliogan 1 865Encl. map Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Nant Gelli-gogan OS 1 89 1 , Nant Ceiliogyn OS 1 904 The upper course of Nantceilogyn called Nantgaseg(iv). Nant Celli-gogau -(� Mon Hengwm: 72: 80-90 8 1 -89)[nant + tn Celli-gogau (72-a)]; [av;1n,gdi'go·ge E . Howells] Nant Gelly Cogau 1 790sur map, Nantlluestgelligogan Brook c. 1 850map Perfedd, Nant Gelli-gogan OS 1 89 1 , Nant Gelli-gogau OS 1 904 Nant Cenygbendigaid -(� Elan: 59: 85-74 84-73)[nant + tn. Cerrygbendigaid (59-b)]; Nant Cerig-fendigaid OS 1 89 1 Nantcerryg-gwynion-isa -(� Dilyw-fach: 6 1 : 82-78 82-77) [nant + y + cerrig + gwynion ( + isaf)] ; [nant,ker1g 'gwmj;m T. Griffiths, nant,kerig ,wmj;1n'isa M. Griffiths ] �

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1267

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant Cerig-gwynion 08 1 89 1 , Nant Cerrig Gwynion 1 924---2 6 C8RL8 23 Nantcerryg-gwynion-ucha -(� Dilyw-fach: 6 1 : 82-78 8 1-77)[nant + y + cerrig + gwynion (+ uchaf)] ; [nant ,keng,wmj:m'�xa M. Griffiths] Nant Cerrig-gwynion ucha 1 865Encl map Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn Nant-y-cerrygllwydon(i) - (� Afon Lluestgota: 76: 74-90)[nant + y + cerrig + llwydion] ; Nant y Cerrig Lwydion 1 790sur map Nantcerrygllwydon(ii) - (� Nant-y-gorlan(ii): 61 : 83-79)[nant + y + cerrig + llwydion]; Nant Gerig-llwydwyn 08 1 89 1 , Nant Cerrigllwydion 08 1 904 Nantcerrygtewon -(� Llynllygadrheidol � Nantllyn(iii): 72: 79-87)[nant + y + cerrig + tewion] ; Nant Camau Tewon (sic) 1 790sur map Cf Pencerrygtewon (72-b). Nant Cerryg-yr-wyn - (� Trenig: 71 : 79-85)[nant + tn. Cerryg-yr-wyn] ; [nant,ker1g�'rojn A Thomas] in£ Nant Chwarelmelyn - (� Merin: 61 : 79-80 80-80)[nant + tn. Chwarelmelyn]; Nant Chwarel-melyn 08 1 89 1 The quarry i n question was a t 8 N 799-803, where an Old Quarry is marked [OS189 1 ] . Nant-y-ci(i) -(� Cledlyn: 1 5: 49-47 47-46)[nant + y + ci]; Nant y Ci 1 93 9 D.R & Z. 8.Davies p. 1 0 Associated toponyms: Cwmnant ( 1 5-a). Nant-y-ci(ii) - (� Nant-y-beng1og(i): 72: 75-88)[nant + y + ci]; Nantyci 1 747map L.Morris, Nant y Ci 1 790sur map Nant Cilmeddy -(� Ystwyth: 57: 72-72 � 7 l -7 1)[nant + tn. Cilmeddy (57-a)] ; Nant Cil-meddu 08 1 89 1 Nant-y-clawdd(i) - (� Egnant: 34: 77-65 � 77-66)[nant + y + clawdd]; Nant y Clawdd 08 1 891 Nant-y-clawdd(ii) -(� Clywedog-ucha: 3 1 : 63-5 1 � 64-50)[nant + y + clawdd] ; in£ Associated toponyms: Nant-y-clawdd (3 1-a). Nantcleifon - (� Afon LlanllYt-: 25: 54-56 � 55-54)[nant + y + cleifion]; [nant�'klejvj:m N. Davies] (c4) Wem Nant y Cleifon 1 799sur map Llanll)'r, Nant Hendre-Ias 08 1 89 1 , Nant Cleifion 08 1 904 Nantcleirch -(� Ystwyth: 54: 67-72 � 66-69)[nant + y + cleirch]; Clech 1 924---26 C8RL8 30, Nant Cleirch 08 1 891 The term cleirch (variants sub cleirach in GPC), means 'decrepit old person'; and is also found in the form clerch (£ clerches, clerchyn) in Glamorganshire [ 1 770--1 820 I. Morg. : 1 57�58] ; cf Rhiwclerchen hnw'klerzen (Llanddewi Abergwesyn, Brees.) [inf D. Jones(ii)]. It is found in the hn Cleirch a tributary of the hn. Gwrach, both names R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 22] implying weak and lazy flows; see sub Cwmcrognant �

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Nantclychau -(� Rheidol: 70: 75-84 74-84)[nant + y + clychau]; [nant�'kl�ze E. Howells, (c) abarnant'kl�xe J. J. Morgan] Nantgerychydd c. 1 850map Perfedd, Nant Clychau 08 1 89 1 The form Nantclychau does not seem suitable for this mountain stream and i s probably due t o a reanalysis of the older name Nant-y-clehyr through popular etymology. In northern Cardiganshire, as in Montgomeryshire, there is a tendency for a medial , elided in other Welsh dialects, to follow a contrary-reaction by strengthening the articulation to , e.g. gweyll � gwechyll, gwahodd � gwachodd. The term clehyr would thus have been expected to have given *clechyr rather than *cleyr (or the actual forms nW. clyr, sW. cler) in this area, the form *clechyr easing the ultimate replacement by reanalysis to clychau. Note the form of c. 1 85 0 which apparently shows reanalysis to crychydd 'heron'. Associated toponyms: Nant-y-clehyr(70-a). Nantcnwch - (� Doetmau: 32: 76-49 � 75-5 1 )[nant + tn. Cnwch[eithinog] (32-a)]; [nant'knu:z, nant�'knu:x J. Lewis] Nant y Cnwc 08 1 8 9 1 , Nant y Cnwch 08 1 904 Nant Cnwchglas -(� Doetmau: 32: 76-49 � 77-49)(nant + tn. Cnwchglas (32-a)]; [nant,knu:z'gla:s J. Lewis] Nant Cnwch-glas 081904, Nant Cnwch-glas 08c. 1 95 0 Nant Cnwchgwyn -(� Doethi"au: 32: 76-5 1 � 75-5 1 )(nant + t n Cnwchgwyn (32-a)] ; �

1268

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant Cnwc-gwyn OS 1 89 1 , Nant Cnwch Gwyn OS 1 904, Nant Cnwchgwyn OS 1 982 Nantcoch(i) -(-+ Clywedog-ucha: 32: 67-5 1 67-50)[nant + coch]; Nant Goch OS 1 89 1 , Nant Goch 0Sc. l 950 Near Bryncoch (32-b) . Nantcoch(ii) -(-+ Nantrhudol: 58: 77-67 77-68) [nant + coch] Nant Coch 1 844TMS Nantcoch(iii) -(-+ Ceulan: 76: 7 1 -90 7 1 -9 1 )[nant + coch]; Nantcoch 1 789 Gogerddan MSS box D 1 , Nant Coch 1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd Nantcoch(iv) -(-+ Nant Cwmbar: 7 1 : 75-79 � 75-80)[nant + coch]; [nant'ko:z E. Howells] �

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Nantcoch-isa -(-+ Nant-yr-olchfa: 32: 77-53)[nant + coch (+ isaf)]; [nant,ko·z'va:z J. Jones] Nant Goch issa 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi Nantcoch-mawr -(-+ Nantwiddon: 7 1 : 78-82 78-83)[nant + coch (+ mawr)] ; [nantko:z'mawr E. Howells, nantgo:z'vawr P. Owen] Tythyn Blaen y Nant Coch ? 1 629 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Nant-coch-mawr 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls., Nantcoch mawr c. 1 850map Perfedd, Nant Coch-mawr OS1 891 Nantcoch-ucha -(-+ Nant-yr-olchfa: 32: 77-53)[nant + coch (+ uchaf)] ; [nant'ko:z J. Jones] Nant Goch 1 876map Brithdir, Nant Goch uchaf 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi After floods (dWr mawr), the water took on the appearance of rust from the peat [inf J. Jones] . Nant-y-coed -(-+ Doeth!au: 32: 76-52) [nant + y + coed]; Nant y Coed 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi Nantcolej -(-+ Cefeilau: 14: 4 1 -44 42-45)[nant + colej] ; Nant Colej OS 1 982 Nantcoli -(-+ Doethlau-fawr: 32: 74-53)[nant + ? ]; Nant Co li OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Coli (32-a). Nant Cors-y-garreg -(-+ Camdwr(ii): 72: 74-87 73-86)[nant + tn. Cors-y-garreg (72-b)] ; Nant Cors-y-gareg 1 790sur map, Nant Rhydd, (c) Craig Blaen Nant Rhyd (prox.) 1 790sur map, Afon Cors y Garreg c. 1 850map Perfedd, Afon Cors y Gasseg 1 850>map Perfedd, (c) Blaennantrhyd 1 899Per. clawdd-mynydd Nant Cors-yr-hesg -(upper course ofNant Graigwen(ii): 34: 77-62)[nant + tn. Cors-yr-hesg (34-b)] ; Nant Gors yr Esk 1 843 TMS Caron Nantcou(i) -(upper course ofNant-y-fleinog: 3 3 : 69-58 70-57)[nant + cau] ; Nant Coy 1 977 Barcud n. 9, Nant Cou OS 1 982 Nantcou(ii) -(-+ Teifi: 30: 59-48 6 1 -46)[nant + cau]; Nantcoy 1 865Encl. map Cellan, Nant Goy OS1 89 1 , Nant Gou OS 1 904 Associated toponyms: Glannantcou (30-a). Nantcoulaith -(-+ Camddwr(i): 32: 77-55)[nant + y + *ceulaith ? ] ; [(c) ka: 'k�jlee a ruin D. Jones, nant'k�jlee Gwl. Jones, J. Jones] Nant y Goyleth 1 840TMS, Nant y Coileth OS 1 89 1 , Nant-Coeleth 1 979a E. Jones p. 1 28, Nant y Coeleth OS 1 982 The meaning of *ceulaith - if that is the proper spelling of the word - is obscure, cf Craigceulaith (61-b). It may be that *ceulaith is a variant of cyflaith 'toffee, confection' found in Sarngyjlaith (Northop, Flints.), Creigiau-cyflaith (Plas-isa, Llansannan, Denbs.) [ 1 959 E . Davies : 1 53]. The development of CY,jlaith to *ceulaith (and thence *coulaith in southern Cardiganshire) may be compared to tn. Trefddyn -+ Treuddyn [ 1967-70 M. Richards: 54 ], defoydd -+ deunydd, coflaid -+ sW. k�jled, and was possibly influenced by ceulo 'coagulating'. Nant-y-craf -(-+ Croes: 33: 70-61 7 1 -6 l )[nant + y + craf] ; Nant y Crave 1 665 Cwrt-mawr MSS cf Pant-y-craf (3 3 -a). Nantcraflwyn-isa -(-+ Doethlau: 32: 76- 50 77-50)[nant + tn. Craflwyn (32-a) (+ isaf)t [nant,kravlun'iJa J. Lewis] in£ Nantcraflwyn-ucha -(-+ Doethiau: 32: 77-5 1 )[nant + tn Craflwyn (32-a) (+ uchaf)] ; [nant,kravlun'�za J. Lewis] �

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1 269

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant-y-craflwyn 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Nant y Craflwyn OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Craflwyn OS 1 904 Nant Crawgal -(-+ SEA: 1 9: 37-59 � 3 8-58)[nant + tn. Crawgal (19-a)] ; Nant y Grogal OS 1 891 Nantcreigiau-bach - (--+ Dilyw-fawr: 61: 83-78)[nant + y + creigiau (+ bach)] ; Nant Creigiau-fach OS 1 89 1 , Nant Creigiau-bach O S 1 982 Nantcreuau - (--+ Merin: 7 1 : 78-79 � 79-80)[nant + y + creuau] ; [nant'krije Gw. Lewis] Nant y Creian OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Creiau OS 1 904, Nant y Creuau OS 1 982 Nantcribinau -(---+ Brefi: 32: 70-55)[nant + cribiniau] ; (c) Magwyr Pant Cribinau 1 839TMS, Nant Cribinnau (sic loc. ) OS 1 891 The ruins in 1 839 were near Nant Rhos-y-glo (d). Nantcripiau -(--* Castell: 71 : 79-83)[nant + tn. Cripiau [Cwmergyr] (71-b)]; Nant Tripian OS 1 891 Nantcroes -(---+ Camdwr(ii): 76: 73-90)[nant + croes] ; Nant Croes 1 859map Gogerddan n. 24, Nant Croes 1 800%map RM A 1 56 Nantcuhelyn -(--* Camddwr(i): 34: 76-57 � 77-58)[nant + pn. Cuhelyn]; [nant,ti'hehg, (c) bagkti'hehg D. Jones, (c) bagkti'helm J. Jones] Nant Cu Helyn 1 843TMS Caron, Nant Ty-helyg O S 1 904 The obscurity of the personal-name Cuhelyn prompted a reanalysis into the plausible Tj)-helyg. Associated toponyms: Banc-Cuhelyn (34-b). Nant-y-cumau - (--+ Pysgotwr-fawr: 32: 72-52 � 76-58)[nant + tn. Curnau(i) (32-b)]; Nant y Cyrnau OS 1 89 1 Nant-y-crwth -(--* Nant-y-wern: 61 : 79-79 � 80-79)[nant + y + crwth] ; Nant y Crwth OS 1 89 1 Nant-y-cwar -(--* Nant Brynglas: 3 2 : 76-56 � 75-56)[nant + y + cwar] ; Nant y Cwar OS 1 891 , Nant y Cwar OS 1 904 Nantcwarel -(--* Nantwiddon: 7 1 : 78-83)[nant + y + cwarel] ; Nant Cwarel 1 800Yz Nanteos fpls. Nant-y-cwm -(--* Eleri: 74: 64-88 � 64-89)[nant + y + cwm] ; Nant-y-cwm OS 1 904 Nant Cwm-bach - (--* Gwylan: 1 3 : 34-43 � 35-44)[nant + tn. Cwm-bach (1 3-a)]; Nant Cwm bach OS 1 982 Nant Cwmbar -(--* Rheidol: 7 1 : 75-79 � 76-79)[nant + tn. Cwmbar] ; [nant,kum'bar Gw. Lewis] Nant Cwm-bar OS 1 891 Associated toponyms: Tj)-nant(i) (71-a). Nant Cwmcafn -(--* Aeron: 25: 54-56 � 56-54) [nant + tn. Cwmcafu (25-a)] ; Eirwysg als. Aerwys 1 868 B.Williams p.209, Nant Cwm-cafn OS 1 89 1 , Nant Wysg OS 1 904, Wysg 1 936 D.Jenkins p. 57 As has been noted [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 45] the form Wysg was falsely extracted from a local pronunciation of Cilerwysg (25-a) - Cilarwysg - which was interpreted as cil + ar + hn. Wysg. This form has been used by A L. F. Rivet & C. Smith [ 1979: 376] in their magisterial work on place-names of Roman Britain as another example of a common Britt. hydronym *1scii, of which the present-day Wysg and Exe (Devon) are the most noted representatives. Nant Cwmcolej -(--* Teifi: 1 4, 1 5 : 47-41 � 46-42)[nant + tn. Cwmcolej (15-a)]; Nant Cwm College 1 93 9 D.R. & Z. S.Davies p. l O, Nant Caradog OS 1 891 See Rhydgaradog (14-a). Nant Cwmdu(i) -(--* Carfan: 32: 67-57 � 68-56)[nant + tn. Cwmdu (32-a)]; Nant Cwm Du 1 840TMS Nant Cwmdu(ii) -(--* Tywi: 34: 80-55 � 78-56)[nant + tn. Cwmdu] ; [nantkum'di: Gwl Jones] Nant y Cwm Du OS 1 834, Nant Cwm-du OS 1 89 1 Nant Cwmdu(iii) -(--* Ystwyth: 5 9 : 8 1 -74 � 8 1 -73)(nant + tn. Cwmdu (59-a)]; Nant Cwm-du OS 1 891 , Nant Cwm Du 1 924-26 CSRLS 23 Nant Cwmffrwd -(--* Mourig(i): 57, 59: 72-68 � 7 1 -69)[nant + tn. Cwmffrwd (57-a)]; [nantkum'fru:d I. Davies] inf

Nant Cwmgraig -(name of upper course ofMelindwr: 70: 70-8 1 � 7 1 -83)[nant + tn. Cwmgraig] ; 1 2 70

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nant Cwm-y-graig OS 1 891 Nant Cwmgrug -(name of upper course ofNant Fuchesgau: 7 1 : 76-80)[nant + tn. Cwmgrug]; Nant y Cwm-grug OS 1 834, Nant y Cwm-grug OS 1 89 1 , Nant Cwm-y-grug OS 1 904 Nant Cwmhwbwb - (---+ Awen: 1 7: 3 1 -54 � 32- 52)[nant + tn. Cwmhwbwb] ; Cwm Hwbwb als. Nanty Stream c. l 925 APLlangrannog p.4, Nanty als. Nant Cwm-hwbwb 1 973 M Davies p. 74 The tn. Cwmhwbwb was an alias of Troedrhiwgam (17-a). Associated toponyms: Nantu (1 7-a). Nant Cwmnel -(-+ Nant Cwmtarw: 57: 68-70 � 68-68)(nant + tn. Cwmnel]; [(c) kom'nel A Jones] (c) Cwm Elis 1 760map E.Bowen, Nant Cwm-nell OS 1 891 , Nant Cwm-nel OS 1 982 The 1 760 form is likely to be a shortened version of f pn. Elisabeth whose hypocoristic form was Nel. Nant Cwmnewidion - (---+ Magwyr: 62: 67-74 � 71-73)[nant + tn Cwmnewidion (62-a)] ; Nant Cwm-mwydion OS 1 89 1 , Nant Cwm-newydion OS 1 904 It is just possible that Newidion was the original name of this stream, see sub Cwm-newidion-isa (62-a). Nant Cwmrhos - (---+ Mon Henllys: 25: 52-55 � 5 1 -54)[nant + tn. Cwmrhos] ; Nant Cwm-rhos OS 1 891 The term rhos refers to Rhos Ceginan (25-a). Nant Cwmsteddfa -(-+ SEA: 1 7, 8: 30-54 � 3 1 -52)[nant + tn. Cwmsteddfa]; Nant Cwm Steddfa c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p.4, Nant Cwm 'Steddfa 1 973 M.Davies p. 75, Nant Eisteddfa 1 982 CER vol.9 p. 1 2 1 Associated toponyms: Blaennant (17-a). Nant Cwmtarw -(---+ Ystwyth: 57: 68-71 � 69-69)[nant + tn. Cwmtarw] Nant y Tarw c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.4, Nant Cwmtarw OS 1 982 The upper course of Nant Cwmtarw, above Tyngraig, is called Sychnant(i). Nant Cwmtwrch - (---+ Mon Cyneinog: 76: 71 -88 � 72-88)[nant + tn. Cwmtwrch (76-b)] ; Nant Cwm Twrch, (c) Blaen Cwm Twrch 1 859map Gogerddan n.24, Nant Cwmtwrch 1 872Encl. map Genau'rglyn, Nant Cwm Twrch 1 80Q4/4map RM A1 56 Nant-y-cWn - (---+ Teifi: 58: 73-66 � 73-67) [nant + y + cWI1] Nant y Vynaches 1 753map E.J.Eyre, Nant Mynaches (Nant 'Naches) + Nant y Cwn 1 924-26 CSRLS 58, Nant y C\Vn OS 1 89 1 The upper course o fNant-y-c:Wn i s called Nantlluest(ii). Associated toponyms: Nantfynaches (58-a), Nanthelyg (58-a). Nantcwpl -(-+ Camdwr(ii): 72: 74-87 � 73-86)[nant + y + cwpl] ; Nant y Cwpwl 1 790sur map, Nant Cwpl (sic loc.) OS 1834, Nantycwport c. 1 850map Perfedd, Nantycwpwl 1 889Per. Genau'rglyn, Nant y Cwpl (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Nant-y-cwpl OS 1 904 Nantcwrw - (---+ Camddwr(i): 34: 76-57 � 76-58)[nant + y + cwrw]; [nant'kuru J. Jones] Nant y Cwrw 1 843TMS Caron, Nant y Cwr OS 1 891 The likeliest explanation for this name is that the waters were brownish and frothy and looked like beer, cf Rhyd-y-gwin (25-a). Nantcwta(i) - (---+ Trenig: 71 : 80-83)[nant + cwta]; [nant'kota A Thomas] Nant Cwta OS 1 834, Nant Cwta OS 1 89 1 Cf hns . Nantcwta (SN 84-84 & SH 95-52, Monts.) [1 985 G . G. Evans: 95]. Nantcwta(ii) -(---+ Castell: 71 : 75-8l)[nant + cwta]; Nant Cwta OS1 891 Nantcwta(iii) -( ---+ Nantgorlan(iii) : 6 1 : 78-75 � 79-75)[nant + cwta]; Nant Cwta OS 1 891 Associated toponyms: Abemantcwta (61 -a), Nantcwta (61-a). Nantcyhwfan - (---+ Aeron: 39: 63-64 � 64-64)(nant + cyhwfan]; [nagka'huvan M. Harries, nant'gu-van, nant 'guuvan D. Owen] (c) Pengych Gwhwfan (prox.) 1 799 Cross wood MSS, Nant Gyhwfan OS 1 904 The MnW. cyhwfan - from an older cychwyfan - was already written as ciihiivan by E. Lhuyd (1707: 215]. The meaning he gave to cyhwfan 'to wave' is likely to refer to the movement of the water in this stream, another attestation of the term (c267) Cae Cyhwfan (pontfaen land, 27-a) (1 8391MS LlannerchaeronJ , is likely to refer to the waters of the adjoining stream Cannog. 1271

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Nantcymerau - (--+ Mon Ty-cam: 25 : 53-55 � 52-53)[nant + tn Cymerau (25-a)] ; [(c) p;Jntpika'drli (SN 5 34-538) N. Davies] Nant Cymmerau OS 1 89 1 , Nant Piccadilly OS 1 904 Nantcynodion -(--+ Nant-y-gam: 32: 7 1 -52 70-5 l )[nant + *cynodion]; Nant Cynnodion 08 1 891 , Nant Cynodion 1 987 W.P.Ll. Jones Rather than a spoken reduced spoken form of cofnodion (sg. cofood) this appears to be an otherwise unattested plural of cynnod 'sign, token' [GPC s.v. cynnod] . Since cynnod is related to nod 'mark', it is associated with the mark of ownership of sheep (W. nod), so that W. P. Ll. Jones [ 1 987} gives the interpretation as "Man cyfarfod yn ymyl y nant i nodir diadel�" which may well be correct. The meaning of nod in place-names may have something to do with boundaries, see Nant-y-nod (76-a). Nantcynydd -(--+ Twrch: 32: 67-49 68-5 l )[nant + tn. [Gwaun]cynydd (32-a)] ; Nant Cynydd OS 1 89 1 Nantddalfa-ucha - (--+ Hirnant(i): 34 : 78- 59)[nant + y + dalfa? (+ uchaf)]; Nant Dallaf-uchaf 1 843 TMS Caron, Nant-y-ddalfa (Nantstalwen land, Brees.) 1 979a E. Jones p. l 28 Nantdderwen(i) -(--+ Teifi: 34: 76-66 � 77-66)[nant + y + derwen] ; Nant Dderwen OS 1 89 1 Nantdderwen(ii) - (--+ Teifi: 32: 66-56 � 67-56)[nant + y + derwen] ; inf Associated toponyms: Nantdderwen (32-a). Nantdderwen(iii) -(--+ Gwngu: 59: 86-73 85-73 )[ nant + y + derwen]; Nant y Dderwen 1 894map Abergwngu, Nant Dderwen 08 1 891 Nantddu - (--+ Nantbont(ii): 34 : 79-59 78-59)[nant + du] ; Nant Ddu 1 843TM8 Caron Nantderyn (--+ Howni: 26-49 � 27-48) [nant + yr + aderyn] ; Nant Deren 1 890 T8 1 9/ 1 2/90 Associated toponyms : Doleryn (4-a), Pennantderyn (4-a) Blaennant (5-a). Nantdigones -(--+ Brefi: 32: 65-54 � 66-53)[ nant + ? ] ; (tn. ) Pentre Digones 1 784PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Digones 1 800PR Llanddewi Bre:fi, Nant y Gorast 1 839TM8, Nant Gonest 08 1 89 1 , Nant Digonest OS 1 904 The meaning of digon 'enough, sufficiency; plenty, abundance' and its verbal derivative digoni 'make, suffice, cook' (incl. the 3 sg preterite digones 'made') do not make easy sense (it certainly does not originate from gonest 'honest' or a negative and unattested *dionest 'dishonest', cf B. dizonest). It may well be that Digones first referred to a place rather than to the stream. Nant Dinas - (--+ Monunig: 70: 74-83 74-84)[nant + tn. Dinas (70-a)] ; Nant y Dinas Brook 1 790sur map, Mon Dinas 1 834map W.Morgan, (c) Nanty 'sheepwalk' 1 843TMS Melindwr, Nant Dinas OS 1 89 1 Nant Domen-fawr - (--+ Milwyn: 59 : 80-72 80-71 )[nant + tn. Domen-fawr] ; Nant Dommen fawr 1 844TM8 Gwnnwys, Nant y Domen OS 1 89 1 The tn. Domen-fawr i s an alias o f Tomenfilwyn (59-b). Nant-y-drindod -( --+ Camel: 43 : 5 1 -60 52-59)(nant + y + trindod] ; Nant y Drindod 08 1 89 1 , (name of association) Cor Glan'rindod 1 959 B.AJones p.23 Associated toponyms: Ffynondrindod (43-a). Nantdrybedd - (--+ Peithnant: 70: 77-84 77-83)[nant + tn. Drybedd (70-b)] ; [nant'dr�be1 876 Castlehill MS 1,352 Cf Bancmelyn (33-b). Nant-y-moch(i) - (-+ Monunig: 7 1 : 73- 82 - 72-82)[nant + y + moch]; [nanta'mo:x; E. Howells] Nant y Moch 1 747map L.Morris, Nant y Moch 1 790sur map, Nant y Moch c. 1 85 0map Perfedd Nantmoch(ii) -(-+ Rheidol: 70: 76-87 - 78-85)[nant + y + moch]; [nantnant'mo:x; E. Howells] Nant Moch 1 946 T.Beynon p. 94, Nant-y-moch OS 1 982 Associated toponyms: Llyn Nantmoch (72-b), Nantmoch (70-a), Padell Nantmoch (70-b). Nant-y-moelau - (-+ Croes-fawr: 3 3 , 34: 74-59 - 74-60) [nant + tn Moelau (33-a)]; [nanta'm:ljle Rh. Hughes] Nant Moeleu Aluryd 1 279 in 1 940 J. C.Davies p.301, Nant y Cefn Magwyr Llyrtai 1 843TMS, Nant y Moelau OS 1 904 The pn. Alfryd is attested as OW. Albrit [c.1 1 40 LL: 2 1 5, 245, 261 , 279], and Alured >1075 (Gwent) [ 1 972 Gl. R. J. Jones: 304 ) . The lack of vowel affection may mean it is a borrowing from OE. Alfred. Nantmorgan -(-+ Cletwr(ii): 1 4: 44-41 44-42)[nant + pn. Morgan]; [nant'm:lrgan J. Thomas] in£ Associated toponyms: Nantegryd ( 14-a). Nantmynach - (-+ Arth(i): 47: 5 1-63)[nant + y + mynach]; Nant y Mynach 1 749/50 DDE MSS, Nantmynach 1 904 J.Evans p. 1 8 1 �

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1 284

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Cf tn. Pencwm-mynach (47-a). Nantnith -(--+ Gwngu: 59: 83-73 84-73)[nant + y + nith ?]; [nant'ni:e T. Griffiths] Nant Nith OS 1 89 1 , Nant Nith als. Neth 1 924-26 CSRLS 23 This name could contain nyth 'nest' as much as nith 'niece'. Nantnod(i) -(--+ Trenig: 7 1 : 79-84 78-84)[nant + y + nod] ; [nant�'no:d A. Thomas] (c) Nant y Node Sheepwalk 1 78 9 Cymerau MSS, Nant-y-nod 1 795map D.Davies, Nant-nod OS 1 834, (c) Nant y Noed Sheepwalk 1 842 Cymerau MSS, Nant Nod OS 1 89 1 See Nant-y-nod (76-a). Associated toponyms: Gwaith Nantnod (71-a). Nantnod(ii) - (--+ Pysgotwr: 32: 74-49 75-49)[nant + y + nod]; [nant'no:d J. Lewis] Blaen Nantnod list J.Lewis See Nant-y-nod (76-a). Nantnouadd -( --+ Tywi: 34: 80-52) [nant + y + nouadd] ; Nant y Neuadd OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Nantnouadd (34-a). Nant Ochr-ganol -(-+ Camdwr(i): 76: 73-90)[nant + tn. Ochr-ganol] ; Nant Ochr ganol 1 859map Gogerddan n. 24 See sub Castell-bach (76-b). Nant Ochrgarreg -( --+ Nant-y-fleinog: 3 3 : 69-58 70-58)[nant + tn. Ochrgarreg (33-a)]; Nant Ochr-gareg OS 1 89 1 Nant-yr-olchfa - (--+ Camddwr(i): 32: 78- 53 77-53)[nant + yr + golchfa] ; [nant�'r:llxva J . Jones] Nant Griffith 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Breft, Nant Cri:ffiad OS 1 89 1 , Nant Gruffydd OS 1 904 Cf hn. Nantgru.ffudd. Nant-yr-onnen - (--+ Ystwyth: 61 : 80-74 � 8 1 -76)[nant + yr + onnen]; [nant,aber'nant T. Griffiths] Nant-yr-onnen OS 1 834, Nant yr Onen OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Abemant (61-a). Nant Pant-yr-haidd -(--+ Nant-y-wem(ii): 60: 69-72 70-72)[nant + tn. Pant-yr-haidd]; [nant�'hrajG E. M. Lewis] Nant Pant yr Haydd 1 6 1 7 Crosswood MSS, Nant Pant-yr-haidd OS 1 89 1 , Nant yr Haidd 1 984 Ddolen n. 60 On OS maps this is the name of the stream as far down to below as Llanafan. Nant Pantlloi -(--+ Ceiro: 71 : 75-82 76-83)(nant + tn. Pantlloi]; Nant y-lloi 1 795map D.Davies, Nant Pantlloi c. 1 850map Perfedd See Pantlloi (71 -b). Nant Pantunnos -( --+ Teifi: 3 1 , 32: 62-52 64-52)[nant + tn. Pantunnos (31-a)]; Rhyd y Chelved c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.67, (c) Blaen Nant Pantynnos 1 859Encl. map Llanfair Clywedogau The form Rhyd y Chelved of c. 1 700 if it can be trusted - is reminiscent of the specifier of B. tn. Lokrist an Izelved (F. Lochrist, Plounevez-Lochrist, Finistere). Associated toponyms: Blaennant(ii) (32-a). Nant Pengwndwn -(--+ Ystwyth: 59: 81 -74 � 81 -73)[nant + tn. Pengwndwn (59-a)] ; Nant Pengwndwn 1 924-26 CSRLS 23, Nant Penygwndwn OS 1 982 Nantperfedd(i) -(--+ Peiran: 61 : 77-75 79-76)[nant + perfedd]; [nant'perveG T.Griffiths] Nant Perfedd OS 1 89 1 Associated toponyms: Cwmpeifedd (61-b), Nantperfedd (61-a), Rhos Nantpeifedd (61-b). Nantperfedd(ii) - ( --+ Mon Cymerau(ii): 76: 69-87 71-86)[nant + perfedd]; Nant Perfedd OS 1 89 1 Nant Pistyllcynllo -(--+ unnamed stream --+ Nant Rhydfuwch: 3 : 1 9-45 21 -47)[nant + tn. Pistyllcynllo] Nant Pistill-Cynllo OS 1 89 1 , Nant Cynllo OS 1 904 It is shown on OS maps [08 1 89 1 , 08 1 904 ] as being the smaller tributary 8 of the church rather than the larger stream N of the church (the nearby Nant-y-gof (3-a) may refer to the larger stream - a tributary of Nant Rhydfuwch - or, may well be the older name of Nant Pistyllcynllo). It was named after Pistyllcynllo (SN c.202-457), (cl022) Park y Pistil! [ 1 8381M8 Llangoedmor], which may be the same as St. Cynllo's Cave 'beside a cataract, near a farm called Trevorgan', " where, tradition says, he prayed, etc. " [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: �

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1 285

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

330] , St. Cynllo's Well (prox. Treforgan, 3-a) [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2. 41] ; The Holy Well of St. Cynllo (prox. Glandwrr(i), 3-a) (E. Pritchard in 1 906 AC: 74] . There was also a spot on the river called Cerwyni Cynllo ( 1 869 B. Williams: 15]; cf hn. Olmarch. Nant Pistylldu -(� Peris: 49: 55-67 56-65)[nant + tn. Pistylldu]; Nant Pistyll-du OS 1 891, Nant Cenin OS 1 904, Nant Cennin OS 1 982 Associated toponyms: Nantcennin (49-a). Nant Pistyllfain -( � Nantceilogyn: 6 1 : 8 1 -8 1 ) [nant + tn. Pistyllfain]; Nant Bistill Faen 1 865Encl map Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn, Nant Pistyll-fain OS 1 89 1 Nant Pistyll-fawr -( � Nantceilogyn: 6 1 : 8 1 - 8 l ) [nant + tn. Pistyll-fawr]; [nant�'p1stcl ? M . Griffiths, (c) bp� 'piStcl (prox., behind) M Griffiths, (c) p1stcl (al. loc.) P. Owen] Pistyll fawr OS 1 834, Nant Pistill fawr 1 865Encl. map Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn, Pistyll fawr OS 1 891 Nant Pont-y-fign - (� Claerwen: 34: 83-66 � 82-65)[nant + tn. Pont-y-ftgn]; (c) Pont ar Figyn (prox. Nant-y-bont(i)) 1 8431MS, Nant y Bont 1 843TMS Caron, Nant Pont-y-ftgn OS 1 89 1 Heard of pul�'vigm in the vicinity [inf G. Edwards]. Nant Rhibinmain -(� Nantllwyd(i): 32: 78-52 77-5 l )[nant + tn. Rhibinmain]; [(c) hribm'majn between the two streams J. Jones] Nant Rhybinmaen 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi The name Rhibinmain 'narrow streak' refers to the narrow stretch of land bounded by this stream and Nant Rhyd-y-sger (d). Nant Rhisgog - (� Brefi: 32: 67-54 68-53)[nant + tn. Rhisgog (32-a)] ; Nant fach 1 91hcent. Lucas MS 2073, Nant Rhysgog OS 1 891 Nantrhiw - (-+ Doethum-fach: 32: 75-53 76-53)[nant + y + rhiw]; Nant y Rhiw 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Nant y Rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Nant Rhiw 1 987 W.P.Ll.Jones See Rhiwgelynnen (32-b). Associated toponyms: Blaennantrhiw (32-b). Nantrhiw-fach -(__,. Ystwyth: 6 1 : 80-74 � 80-75)[nant + y + rhiw (+ bach)]; [nantriw'va:z T. Griffiths] Nant y Rhiw fach (mine) 1 756b L.Morris p. 563, Nant y Rhiw fach 1 79 1 Crosswood MSS, Nant Trefach (sic loc.) OS 1 834, Nant Trefach 1 847 in 1 98 1 S . J. S.Hughes p. 1 9, Nant Rhiw fach 1 924-26 CSRLS 23, (c) Pen Trefach 1 98 1 S.J. S. Hughes p. 52 Nant Rhiwrordd - (� Merin: 61 : 79-79 80-80)[nant + tn. Rhiwrordd] ; Nant Rhiw'r-ordd OS 1 89 1 Nant Rhiwrugos -(� Rheidol: 6 1 , 63 : 7 1-78 70-77)[nant + tn. Rhiwrugos] ; Nant Rhiwyrygos 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 07/02/1 0 Nant Rhos-y-glo - (-+ Brefi: 3 2 : 70-55 7 1-56) [nant + tn. Rhos-y-glo ] ; Nant Goy OS 1 834, Nant Goy 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi, Nant Rhos-y-glo (sic loc.) OS 1 89 1 , Nant Rhos-y-glo (sic loc.) OS 1 982 See Rhos-y-glo (32-b). Nant-rhwng-y-ddau-Fryngwyn - (� Nant Camnant: 76: 7 1 -89 72-89)[nant + rhwng + y + dau + tn. Bryngwyn]; Nant Rhwng-y-ddau-Bryngwynne 1 859map Gogerddan n.24 Nantrhyd - (� Nantrhudol(ii): 58: 76-67 77-68)[nant + y + rhyd] ; Nant Rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Nant Rhyd OS 1 904, Nant 'Rhyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 58, Nant Tynddol 1 948 S.Wright p. 59, Nant Tynddol 1 963 W.Jones-Edwards p.44 Nant Rhyd-y-beirdd -(� Mydr: 26, 27: 47-57 49-55)[nant + tn. Rhyd-y-beirdd] ; [av�n.hri·d�'bejr1 265( 1 324) cart. Tal-llychau] . The name appears to contain mawr as well as an obscure element *naw which may be related to the words OB. naues 'a flow' [DGVB: 264], MW. nawes 'flow, flood, catarrh' ( 1930a I. Williams: 296--97] ; OB. dinouam 'I pour' [DGVB: 143], MnB. dinaoua 'to pour', W. dinau 'to pour, to flow', C. denewy 'to pour'; OB. lestnaued 'dirty flow' [DGVB: 241], W. llysnafedd 'phlegm, mucus, snot' (the [-av-] being a labiodentalisation of [-aw-] as seen in edafedd (sg. edau), nW. cnafon (sg. cenau); MnB. war naou 'sloping' [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 546], nawez 'leat' [ 1992 F. Favereau: 546]. Both I. Williams [ 1 949: 42] and L. Fleuriot [ 1 964 DGVB: 264] connect *naw to an I-E. root *snii- which also gave W. nawf, nofio 'to swim', and I. sni 'to flow (GGB s.v. sni] (though, as L. Fleuriot remarks, judging from early forms with initial , the original initial had been dropped quite early). The root may be present in the hn. Nawe (Mons.) [ 1 938 R. I. Thomas: 32], and the central and western F. noe 'watercourse, wetland', derived from medieval Latin nauda [1 998 B. Tanguy: 45; DELF s.v. noue] . It seems to be present in the CC.hns. Nauio (E. Noe, Derbs. ), Nauia (Spain), Naua (Germany) [ 1 979 PNRB: 423-24] , Nauissus (Yugoslavia) [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 32] . The identical nawmor in the Cardiganshire phrase heli nawmor (e.g. £$"mor halt a heli nawm:)r (Cei­ newydd) [1934a J. I. Gl. Davies: 612] in " 'Mari, Mar� rna' heli nawmor yn hwn heddi", soup containing too much salt (Perfedd & Genau'rglyn) [ 1960 D. G. Lewis: v] ) was a figure of speech to convey the amount of salt contained in all the seas of the world, the term naw mor 'the nine seas' is evidenced in the fifteenth century by Lewys Glyncothi [GPC s.v. naw] (cf E. the seven seas). The medieval concept of nine signifying perfection and completion (cf E. nine lives of a cat) was present in Medieval Welsh, cf nawell 1 246( 1 33 6) cart. Ystradffiur, Ryddnant c. 1 250 BBC p.42, Rudenant 1 29 1 Tax. Eccl. p. 272, Rhyddnant 1 79 1 Crosswood MSS, Rhuddnant R 1 803map J. Singer, Nant Rhuddnant OOS 1 82 1 , Rhyddnant O S 1 834, Nant Rhuddnant OS 1 89 1 , Rhyddnant 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. 2 1 0, (pn.) Rhuddnant Morgan (fl. c. 1 900) 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 59, Nant Tygwyn 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p.60, Rhyddnant 1 967 T. Jones p. l l O I have suspected this name was a compound of rhudd ('red') and nant (compound tns. with rhudd being common, cf , Rhuddallt, Rhuddlan, Rhuddgoed), and whilst the spelling Rudenant attested for this river in 1 2 9 1 appears to confirm my hypothesis, the two earlier spellings, Ritnant > 1 246 zand Ryddnant c. 1 250 infirm it, and seemingly favour the initial element being rhyd 'ford'. Both MnW. as , and MnW. as are unknown in the orthography of BBC, and the meaning of in the > 1 246 form is likely to mean MnW. . Here are some variations in the notation of sounds from the same source as >1246, e. g. [8 � ] , e.g. Dyneyrd, Kymauvinyd; [8], e.g. Keven Guardhavarch, Gurdh Wynt; [d] e.g. Ryt Vendekeyt, Pencoyt, Yr Havot Wen, Argoit y Guinweyn; [d], e.g. Erin Merlich {recte merlith } . The passage of > 1 246 is more fully Hentyt Lywarch inter Ritnant et Meryn '(pn.) Llywarch's heruyt between Rhuddnant and Merin'. The word Heruyt may stand for MnW. henvydd (a variant of en1l)ldd 'wattling rods' [GPC s.v. herwydd2 ]) if so the spelling of Ritnant in > 1 246 poses no problem for Rhuddnant (or Rhuddnant). However this word seems to be present, with rather than , in PonteFWyd (71-a). P. W. Thomas [ 1 995 : 220] points out that there are exceptions in BBC's orthographical conventions: "Ar brydiau ceir mai sydd yn cynrychioli /�/, ac mae hefyd enghreiffiiau o am yr un ffonem, e. e, ryderch, ryterch 'Rhydderch', a am , e.e., ryd, ryt 'rhyd'. " If this name was indeed originally *Rhydnant, then the development to hra()nant is a highly irregular one; cf hn. Y Rhyddnant (Crai) [ 1 963 Brycheiniog: 9.1 14]. Associated toponyms: Llynrhuddnant (61-b). Saith -(� SEA: 8 : 27- 5 1 27-49)[ ? ] ; Seyt >1 1 97( 1 324) cart. Tal-Ilychau (b) p. 1 63, Saeth 1 868 B. Williams p. 38, Afon Saith OS 1 904 The name of this river has inspired a number of etymologies, especially in connection with Traethsaith (8b). I believe the conjecture that saith here means sant 'saint' [1979 Llais Aeron: 25] is unlikely, though there are no insurmountable phonological problems. The OW.pn. Saith [c. l l 40 LL: 209], would give MnW. Saeth, and so is unsuitable for the Modern pronunciation saj8. A spelling saith could be an older plural of saeth 'arrow', though it is difficult to see how this sense could apply to this hydronym Associated toponyms: Blaensaith (8-a), Blaensaith-fach (5-a), Dy.ffrynsaith (8-a), Melinsaith (8-a), Pen/an Saith (8-a), Traethsaith (8-b), Tresaith (8-a). Soden(i) -(� Mydr: 22, 26: 46-56 48-53)[ ? ] ; Afon Feinog OS 1 89 1 , Afon Soden, R Soden 1 924-26 CSRLS 48 The name is derived by one authority from ysnoden 'ribbon', with a figurative meaning of 'zig-zag' or 'windy' river [ 1924-26 CSRLS 48]. R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 124] notes on the name Soden: "Pur dywyll yw tarddiad yr enw hwn. Yn Pughe rhoddir gair sawd yn yr ymadrodd sawd y mor 'traeth', ond nid ymddengys bod llawer o sail i hwnnw. Gellir cynnig -sod yn y berfenw gosod neu yn yr ansoddair gw;asod yn yr ymadrodd buwch wasod 'buwch derfenydd, buwch yn gofyn tarw, ond ni rydd hynny ragor o oleuni arno. "; and G. M. Griffiths [ 1 948: 45] adds: "Ceir sod hefyd yn sodren enw benywaidd am y pantie yn y beudy y disgyn tail iddo (GD. 758, a Cymru xxiii, Ill). I Cymharer hefyd soden, a loaf (JH. 36). "; cf Blaensawd (L1an-y-cefu) [1 938 R. J. Thomas: 123; 1 992 PN Pembs: 4 1 5-16]. The alias Afon Feinog seems to be derived from Feinog (26-a), though it is feasible that Feinog was originally the river's name, rather than that of an adjoining settlement. Soden(ii) -(� SEA: 1 9: 3 6-58 40-52)[ ? ] ; Afon Soden OS 1 89 1 , Afon Roden (sic) 1 91 1 > D.J. Saer p.22, Afon Roden 1 933 E.B.Davies p.40 This name may be a back-formation from Pantsod (22-a) with the later addition of the suffiX -en, as occurred with the hydronyms Collen and Tywarchen. Associated toponyms: Brynsoden (19-a), Glansoden (19-a), Pantsod (22-a). Sychnant(i) -(the name of the upper course of Nant CwmtaFW: 57: 69-69 7 1 -69) [sych + nant] ; Sychnant 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2 p.44 1 , Sychnant OS 1 891 �

=

=

�

=

,

=

�

�

�

�

1293

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

It could be argued that the six examples of along with the one example of

Nantsych,

Sychnant,

(attested in OW. as

lrsichnant [c. 1 1 40

(which latter one could argue - pedantically - is an impossibility). However, the

hesb)

LL:

1 82]),

in Cardiganshire imply 'dry valley' rather than 'dry stream'

and other river-names referring to drought

[ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 88]

more likely than others to dry periodically may well attract a name such as

sych 'dry' [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 87-88], though it root of this river-name is swch 'ploughshare'. Associated toponyms: Blaensychnant (57-a), Glansychnant (57-a). Sychnant(ii) -(� Nantmarch: 32: 76-52 77- 52)[sych + nantL likely to derive from

hn. Hafesb

(�

haf +

demonstrate that a stream that is

Sychnant.

The

hn. Sychan

is

cannot be wholly discounted that the

�

Sychnant 1 889Encl. map Llanddewi Brefi

Sychnant(iii)

-(� Doethiau: 32: 76-48

�

77-48)[sych + nant];

[s�znant

als.

nant'fi:n J.

Lewis]

Sychnant list J. Lewis On the boundary between the farm holdings of Henfaes (32-a) and Sylltyn -(� Ceri: 6, 7: 3 1 -42

�

Troedrhiwruddwen (32-a) [inf. J. Lewis].

3 0-44)[swllt + -yn];

Nant Sylltyn OS 1 89 1 If this i s a derivative o f swllt 'shilling, piece of money', which also meant 'treasury' [l

Loth in 1 888 RC: 9.272], Ar(i)annell, Eiriannell [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 95); cf. Pantswllt (1 8-a). I am unsure of the status of the term syllt 'fair, clear' adduced by Gw. E. Evans [ 1901 : 1 9] , and found according t o her i n the pn. Essyllt and Essyllwg; cf Brynsyllty (prox. Llanrwst, Caems.) [ 1 883 J. Rhys: 1 56 ] . Associated toponyms: Abersylltyn (7-a), Blaensylltyn (6-a), Bronsylltyn (6-a), Cwmsylltyn (7-a). then we may compare the numerous streams named

Symlog -(� Erfm:

72 : 67-83

�

70-83) [mysym +

-1 + -og ?]

River Symlog 1 747map L.Morris, The River Symlog 1 747sur map L.Morris p.27 This name may have been extracted from

Tawela -(� Denis:

Cwmsymlog (72-a); cf. symlogennaidd [GPC s.v. clap].

28: 5 8- 5 1 � 56- 5 1 )[tawel + -an] ;

Tawola 1 833 S . Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol.2 p. 369, Nant Tawelan OS 1 89 1 , (name of musical group) Tannau Tawela 1 970 Cardi vol. 7 p.21 Associated toponyms:

Tawelan -(� Aeron:

3 8 : 63-62

Bro-Tawela (28-a), Glannant (28-a) 65-60) [tawel + -an]; [ta'welan M .

�

James]

Nant Ystafell 08 1 89 1 , Nant Ystafell 1 903 J. G. Evans p. 1 25 , Tawelen O S 1 904, Tawelan O S 1 982

[ 1 938: 88-89] gives four other rivers outside Cardiganshire named Tawelan. "Y mae'r bon Tawel- yn yr enw uchod i'w gysylltu a'r ansoddair tawel 'distaw', gan ddynodi dWt- yn llifo'n ddigyffro ac yn hamddenol; cymharer . . . enw'r afonydd Blithe, Blythe, Blyth ( Saesneg blithe 'tawe, digyffro ') yn Lloegr. Digwydd tNant Tawel (Brych.), nant fechan, a elwir heddiw Nant-y-felin, ym mhlwyf Llanfthangel Cathedin yn rhedeg i Lynfi gyferbyn a Threbinshwn, yn y ffurftau Nant Tauel, Riuulum Tauguel, Riuulum Taugeiel c. 1 1 50, Lib. Land. 1 46, 1 68, 23 8 . . . . Ceir amtyw lecynnau eraill o 'r enw Cwm-tawel (O. S . M), un i'r dwyrain o'r Trap ger Llandeilo Fawr (Caerf) , ac un arall ger Llandyble (Caerf ) . I . . . Dylid crybwyll y Ceir Tawel, B.B. D. 232, fel enw dyn, a'r deilliad Taweli, Tawelog fel enwau person yn yr enwau lleoedd Ynys Daweli, Ynys-Taweli c. 1 83 0, O.S.M , yng Nghwm Dulais ger y Creunant (Morg. ) : Ynys Dowlog (Morg. ), Ynys-towlog (O. S . M.), Ynystawelok, S . W.B. ; Ynis tawlog

R. J. Thomas

=

1 650, Arch.Camb. Supp. ( 1 86 1 -70), 3 9, ar lan Llwchwr i'r deau o Bant-y-ffynnon; ond rhyfedd bod y llafariad y goben acennog wedi colli. "

Teifi

[ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 89].

-(� SEA: 80, 8 1 , 79, 2, 1, 3 , 4, CARMS. , 6, 1 1 , 1 2, 1 4, 1 5, 1 6, 24, 23 , 3 0, 3 1 , 32, 33, 56, 34, 5 8 : 1 5-49 � 78-67) [ ? ] ; [a v;)n Tou£p6f)wc;

'

vow r

(Mwldan dialect) I. Mathias] Tuerobis) 1 40-5 0 C.Ptolemy

(latinised as

II,

3,

2 in

1 979 PNRB

p.480,

Teibi

c. 83 0( 1 1 thcent ) HB (Mommsen), Tebi c. 830(c. l l 00) HB in RepWMSS vol 2 pt. 4 p. 939, 'amnem' Theibi 1 099( 1 200%) Uita Sancti Dauid p. 1 50, Teibi l l thcent. in 1 970 M.Richards p. 68, Tebi c. l l OO in 1 970 M Richards p . 68, 'fluminis' Theui 1 1 1 5-47 in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p.363,

(c) Difrin Teiui c. 1 1 40 LL p. 1 24,

'aquam' Teiui 1 1 46-54 in 1 989 BBCS vol. 3 6 p . l 3 1 , Teiui fl 1 1 50-1 200(c. 1 400) Cynddel Brydydd Mawr in Hendreg. p. 98, Tew, Teuu 1 1 8 1-82( 1 285) cart. Ystrad:ffiur, Teywy, Tewy, ar Deiwy 1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur, Teivi c. l l 9 1 Gir.IK p. l l 2, Teyvi c. l l 9 1 Gir.IK p. 1 0, Teiwi c. 1 25 0 BBC p . 3 3 , Teiwi Affon c. 1 25 0 BBC p. 88, Teivi > 1 265( 1 3 24) cart. Tal-llychau, Teyuy 1 268 Longleat MS 624, Tevy 1 281 CalChancR (suppl. ) p. 208, Tewy c. 1 286 Ann.Camb.(B) p. 40, Teyui c. 1 286 Ann. Camb. (B) p. l l O, Tevi 1 3 0 1 -02 ARCWW p. 72, Tewi 1 3 04 in 1 93 6 M.Rhys p . 298, Theyvy 1 3 1 4 CaiPR p. 99, Teivi 1 3 1 7 cart. ,

1 294

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: hydronyms

Teyvy 1 326 BBSt-David p . 228, 'riparia' Teivy 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxi,ii Auon Teiui 1 346 Buched Dewi (A) p. 1 , Auon Deiui 1 300¥3 Buched Dewi (B) p. 1 ,

(c) Glyn

Teivi fl. 1 470 DafNantmor p. 1 1 0, Teifi

1 4002/2 Peniarth MS 57 p . 3 7, Tyue, Tiue 1 53 9 J.Leland p. 1 1 7, Tyuy Flu: 1 5 78map C . Saxton, Teivy 1 584/85 Nouadd MS S , Teivi 1 602 G. Owen vol 4 p.444, Tyvy 1 603 G. Owen vol 1 p. 1 1 8, Tivy c. 1 603 G. Owen in H. Owen vol. 2 p. 506, Tivi 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tyvy 1 65 9 Hendrefelen MS S , a Theivi 1 688 Bronwydd MS S, Tivy c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 8 9, Teivi 1 754 L.Morris in 1 902 D.Ll Thomas p. 23 ,

R Teify

OOS 1 8 1 9, Teifi

R

OS 1 834, Teivi 1 862 G.Borrow p.43 7, River Tivy OS 1 89 1 , Y Deifi 1 893

(Gwynionydd) Geninen p.24, Afon Teifi OS 1 904, Yr Afon Teifi 'spoken form' 1 906 E. Anwyl in Genedl Gymreig 29/05/06, yn Nheify 1 925 Cymru vol. 68 p . 43 In 1 8 5 5 the river Teifi showed definite signs of changing its course, and heading straight from Bryndu (80-

[1 986 TS: 28/02/86]. During the winter of 1 879-80 the river Teifi - which had previously (Pwllcam being a natural harbour) - changed its course between Bryndu and the sea [ 1953 WbW: 1 1/12/53] . After Cardigan Bar and Penrergyd (2-b), the course of the river Tern curved sharply to Pwllcam (80-b), followed shore to Penlwc-owt (80-a), then curved directly to Nant-y-ferwig (2), Yr Afon Dro here, then to old Bryndu (80-a), then Pwllnawpys (80-b), then Pwllcastell (1-b) [ 1 9 1 3 TS: 27/06/1 3 ] . Hendivi (Llanbedr Pontsteffim) [ 1 563 CD] ; Hen Deiui [:fi. 1 485 L. G1yncothi: 67], 'tent.' Tir y Weyn 'between' Hen Dyry 'and present' River Tyry [ 1667/68 CD 59], Tir y Wiine als. Tir y Clawdd Helig [171 1 CD 86] (Henllan parish) ; cf Hen-Wy [ 1 934 R. J. Thomas: 1 28], now Glanhen- Wy (SO 1 7-40, Glasbury, Rads.). TouEp6f3tO� or TouEpoj3tO�,