Placenames of the Isle of Man: Volume 1 Sheading of Glenfaba (Kirk Patrick, Kirk German and Peel) [Reprint 2010 ed.] 9783110929331, 9783484401297

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George Broderick PLACENAMES OF THE ISLE OF MAN

George Broderick

PLACENAMES OF THE ISLE OF MAN Volume One SHEADING OF GLENFABA (Kirk Patrick, Kirk German, and Peel) compiled unter the auspices of the Manx Placename Survey

Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen

1994

Da Ny Manninee Dooie

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme

Broderick, George: Placenames of the Isle of Man / George Broderick. - Tübingen : Niemeyer. Vol. 1. Sheading of Glenfaba : (Kirk Patrick, Kirk German, and Peel). - 1994 ISBN 3-484-40138-9 (Gesamtwerk); 3-484-40129-x (Band 1) © Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH & Co. K G , Tübingen 1994 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier. Printed in Germany Druck und Einband: Weihert-Druck GmbH, Darmstadt

CONTENTS Acknowledgements

vii

Introduction

xi

Maps

xli SHEADING OF GLENFABA

Abbreviations & Bibliography Kirk Patrick Kirk German & Peel

1 16 173

-Kirk German -Peel Fishing Marks off Peel Appendix A: Committee of Highways Report 1760

175 298 332 341

Appendix B: Schedule of Peel Street Names 1874 Index

345 354

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following have given financial support to the work that has resulted in this volume, the first of six, on the placenames of the Isle of Man: Rev. Robert L.Thomson of Ballabeg, Castletown, Isle of Man, and formerly Reader in Celtic Studies in the University of Leeds, whose generosity gave the survey its first impetus. The Director and Governing Body of the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies for funding to support various field-trips in 1989 and 1990. The Chairman and Committee of the Manx Heritage Foundation for funding, in the first instance, a field-trip in August 1990 and, secondly, for assisting in the purchase of a personal computer and printer and the supporting software. The Bank of Ireland (Isle of Man) Ltd for assisting in the purchase of the aforementioned equipment, and Computer Systems Ltd (Isle of Man) for installing and servicing this equipment free of charge. The President and Fellows of the British Academy for grants in 1991 and 1992. The Director and Trustees of the Leverhulme Trust for a generous grant which enabled Dr Broderick to devote three academic years of full-time work to the survey. During this period he has completed the collection, in manuscript and on audio-tape, of oral material for the whole Island, completed the collection of field-names from all available sources for the whole Island, and completed the collection and analysis of material from all known documentary sources for the Sheading of Glenfaba (the parishes of Kirk Patrick, Kirk German, and the town of Peel).

viii The University of Wales at Aberystwyth for administering the Leverhulme Grant without charge. To all these Dr Broderick and I would wish to extend our wannest and sincerest thanks for their interest and support. Emrys Evans Professor of Irish The University of Wales at Aberystwyth

Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following for their invaluable help and criticism in the preparation of this work: To the consultants Dr Gillian Fellows-Jensen, Institut for Navneforskning, University of Copenhagen, and Mr Robert L Thomson, former Reader in Celtic Studies, University of Leeds, for the benefit of their expertise and advice at every stage in the analysis and interpretation of the Gaelic, Scandinavian, and other elements in the place-name text of this corpus. To members of Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh (Manx Language Society), especially to Mr Juan Crellin, St. Jude's, for setting up initial contacts for the oral part of the Survey. To the informants themselves, the many Manx men and women, some of whom have now passed on, who willingly and enthusiastically gave their time and energy in furnishing the Survey with the benefit of their knowledge of Manx place-names. To retired headmaster and Manx local historian Mr Fred Radcliffe, Onchan, for the benefit of his specialised local knowledge and advice regarding existing names and his recommendations for additional material to be included.

ix To genealogist Mr Nigel G Crowe, Douglas, for valued guidance in the "geography" of the documentary sources and their relationship to one another, and for some helpful suggestions of interpretation. To Mrs Pauline Oliver, Ballaquane, Peel, for allowing access to the seven private notebooks belonging to her late grandfather Mr C Harry Cowley, Peel. These contain a reservoir of very localised names, predominantly field names. To Mr Leslie Quilliam, Peel, for additional information regarding Peel placenames. To the Isle of Man Bank, Ramsey, for storing in their vaults free of charge the original reel-to-reel tapes of the oral survey. Last but not least, to the Archivist and Librarian Ms. Miriam Critchlow, and the staff at the Manx Museum Library, Douglas, for their generous help and assistance in providing access to the documentary material. To all these Professor Evans and I would like to extend our sincerest thanks and gratitude for their encouragement and support George Broderick Manx Place-Name Survey (University of Wales at Aberystwyth) Ramsey Isle of Man. Laa Boaldyn 1994.

INTRODUCTION 1. Studies in Manx place-names Apart from the products of mapmakers (cf. §4. below), the first known work on Manx Place-names is A W Moore's The Surnames and Placenames of the Isle of Mem (Douglas 1891). This short work essentially contains a list of placename elements found in Manx nomenclature with comments on or a short discussion of their meaning and distribution. The first known and comprehensive survey of Manx place-names (in so far as collections of place-names had been extracted from documentary sources, assembled chronologically and conclusions arrived at through scientific discussion) was made by the Manx local historian J J Kneen in his PlaceNames of the Isle of Man (Douglas 1925-28 in 6 vols.). This was followed shortly afterwards by the Norwegian Professor of Celtic and Comparative Philology at Oslo, Carl J S Marstrander, in his Det norske landnäm pä Man 'the Norse settlement of Man' (Marstrander 1932), which essentially looks at the Old Norse content of Manx place-names with some discussion of the problems involved, taking into consideration ON and Mx. phonology in arriving at conclusions (which Kneen had been unable to do). Marstrander followed this in 1934 with his "Remarks on the Place-Names of the Isle of Man" (Marstrander 1934); this is mainly a commentary on Kneen's conclusions. Marstrander's main contribution on Manx place-names (Marstrander 1932) is in Norwegian and as such remained a "closed book" to many scholars until relatively recently (though an English translation was made 195660 for use at the Manx Museum Library only). In 1970-71, as part of the then ongoing debate concerning the proportion of Old Norse and Gaelic speakers in Man during the Scandinavian period (9th13th cent.), Margaret Gelling contributed two important articles on Manx PN (Gelling 1970, 1971), examining their early forms and elements as found in pre-16th-century sources, arguing for an ON hegemony and a reintroduction of Gaelic into Man after the Scandinavian period. These were followed in 1976, as part of the same debate, by Basil Megaw (Megaw 1976(1978)). He set Manx

xii PN in the context of a reassessment of the evidence relating to the Scandinavian Period, dating a vital source about 100 years earlier than had previously been thought. He argued for a continued Gaelic presence in Man throughout the same period. Additional contributions on aspects of Manx place-names have to date been made by Eleanor Megaw (Megaw 1978), Gillian Fellows-Jensen (FellowsJensen 1983, 1985, 1993), Robert L Thomson (Thomson 1978, 1991), Margaret Gelling (Gelling 1991), and George Broderick (Broderick 1978, 1979b-1982, 1987, 1993). 2. The Manx Place-Name Survey The Manx Place-Name Survey was set up by myself in late 1988 at the University of Mannheim during my time there as Senior Research Fellow and Assistant Lecturer in Celtic Languages at the Seminar für Allgemeine Linguistik (under the directorship of Professor Dr Ρ Sture Ureland). The need for the establishment of a formal Manx Place-Name Survey was recognised in 1978 when the Manx local historians William & Constance Radcliffe published their Maughold and Ramsey Place-Names

(Radcliffe

1978). This book made clear that there was much more place-name material from documentary sources than hitherto realised awaiting collection and analysis. Up until then, the only comprehensive works devoted to Manx placenames had been those of Kneen (1925-28) and Marstrander (1932 & 1934) referred to above. The Radcliffes claimed that their material extended to some eight times the amount collected by Kneen for the same parish (Maughold). In 1983 they followed their 1978 book with Kirk Bride - a Miscellany (Radcliffe 1983), which contains PN and other material from the parish of Bride. Both books made clear that a systematic survey of place-names from all 17 parishes, 4 towns, and numerous villages, etc, was a desideratum, particularly a collection from oral sources, since those who would know the older names and their pronunciation would be elderly and would not be amongst us indefinitely. This urgency was recognised by Professor Dr Mäirtin ό Murchü, Director of the School of Celtic Studies at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, and in the summer of 1989, he made funds available to enable a four-week field trip to

xiii be undertaken from Mannheim (August 1989) with the sole purpose of recording on reel-to-reel tape place-name material from oral sources and traditions within the Island. The University of Mannheim provided an Uher 4000 Report L (four track) tape recorder and tapes for the purpose. The DIAS also funded two further similar field trips to Man (February and August 1990). For the third trip financial assistance was also forthcoming from the Manx Heritage Foundation. In the course of the three field trips some 75 people were interviewed and sound-recorded. During 1989 applications were made to the German funding agencies Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Volkswagenwerk-Stiftung to enable full-time work on the Survey to take place, but these proved unsuccessful. In April 1989 discussions were entered into with my colleague and friend Dr Emrys Evans, Professor of Irish at the University of Wales at Aberystwyth (as it is now called), with a view to seeking substantial funding for the project from private sources within the United Kingdom. Shortly before, in March 1989 to be precise, the then University Grants Committee had declared Aberystwyth to be the main "centre" for Celtic Studies in the UK. During subsequent meetings with Professor Evans (held on a regular basis at the University of Liverpool, where he is Visiting Professor of Irish at the Institute of Irish Studies) the possibility was discussed of bringing the Manx Place-Name Survey under the aegis of Aberystwyth, as representing the "Manx" aspect of Celtic Studies there, to facilitate funding potential from within the UK. Professor Evans gave every assistance in this respect. As a result a successful application was made by him in May 1990 to the London-based Leverhulme Trust for a substantial grant to enable full-time work on the Survey to be undertaken for a period of three years, namely from October 1990 to September 1993. The Leverhulme funding made possible the following. First, completion of the oral part of the Survey for the whole Island, which resulted in more than 180 informants being recorded on tape and some 20 or so others in phonetic script, of whom 38 to date are now deceased. Second, completion of the collection of PN material from all pre-16th-century documentation for the whole Island and all map and field-name material for the whole Island. Third, extraction, compilation and analysis of place-name material from all relevant

xiv documentary sources for the Sheading of Glenfaba, the subject of this present volume. In May 1993 a contract was entered into with Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, for the publication of this and succeeding volumes in the Manx Place-Names Series. 2. Land division and tenure in the Isle of Man For administrative purposes the Isle of Man is divided into six sheadings, each comprising three parishes (apart from Glenfaba which until 1796 only contained two; cf. Gill 1883: 349-51). Each parish contains a varying number of treens (in the case of Patrick nine treens, German ten), which in turn contain on average four quarterlands. The whole is administered by Tynwald, the Government of the Isle of Man. At the time when the English king Henry IV granted Man to Sir John Stanley of Knowsley in 1406 (the Stanleys ruled as kings and lords of Man till 1736), the greater part of the Island was held by his immediate tenants. Other parts were freehold, held by the Bishop, the Abbot of Rushen and other barons by fealty, while the rest consisted of the castles (Rushen and Peel) and unrented wastelands. When Rushen Abbey and Douglas Priory were dissolved in 1540, their lands became vested in the English Crown. In 1609 the Crown transferred them to the Stanleys, who at various periods (cf. Gill 1883: 4, Megaw 1950: 173-82, Broderick 1981/82: 24-26) obtained possession of the baronies, except for those of the Bishop, the Barony of St. Bees (which later came into the possession of the Christians of Milntown), and the Maughold "Stafflands". In 1704, after long years of dispute between successive Stanley lords and their tenants regarding land tenure, rents, etc, an Act of Settlement was passed by Tynwald (cf. Gill 1883:160-171) securing land tenure in favour of the tenants. In 1736 the Dukes of Athol succeeded the Stanleys in their manorial rights as Lords of Man. In 1765 by the Act of Revestment the Athols were obliged to sell their manorial rights to the British Crown, which they eventually sold in 1829. In 1860, by the Disafforestation Act, part of the wastelands thereby acquired were sold, part retained by the Crown, and the rest allotted to the owners of customary lands in lieu of right of common.

XV

For the purposes of Manx place-name study, we can speak of five different classes of land (till 1900): 1. The customary estates (quarterlands) including the abbeylands and baronies, but excluding 2. The Bishop's Barony and Demesne, the Barony of St. Bees, and the Maughold "Stafflands". 3. The wastelands or "Forest", operated upon by the Disafforesting Act of 1860. 4. Estates created out of Crown land by freehold grants from the Commissioners of Woods and Forests. 5. Lands not part of the Forest still retained by the Crown. The estates in the first two classes are divided into a) quarterlands (the principal estates), b) mills, etc, c) cottages, i.e. plots of land in towns and villages and a few in the country adjoining quarterlands (Moore 1900: 871-73). Though none are complete for the Island in any single year, the earliest comprehensive setting books (Libri Assedationis) or rent rolls indicate that about 1500 the farmland in Man comprised some 730 quarterlands, extending from ca.50 to ca. 180 acres in area (exclusive of former common grazing), but averaging some 90 acres (Davies 1956: 109). The intacks, i.e. parts of the forest or common and other waste lands enclosed under licence from the Lord of Man, form a further division of the Lord's Lands, but not in the abbeylands or baronies. The question of the origin of the concept of treen and quarterland has been exhaustively discussed by Marstrander (1937) and Megaw (1976 (1978)) and for our purposes will only be lightly touched on here. There are believed once to have been as many as about 220 treens in the Island. In about 1500 179 treens of lord's land are recorded, comprising some 594 quarterlands. In addition there were about 147 quarterlands of monks' and bishop's land where no treen organisation has survived. Earlier intack land may have later come to be reckoned as quarterland, or even as treen land. The setting books group the tenants' names under treens, which could give the impression that the treen was the main unit of land, and that the quarterland as a unit was a recent concept. However, Megaw (1978: 279ff) argues that, since it can be shown that six prominently sited non-Christian burial mounds (two of which have been shown

xvi by excavation to be of 9th-century Norse settlers) are distributed individually over as many quarterland farms, the quarterland may have been the principal holding in that area at that time. It is not known whether such quarterlands were already grouped into treens then. It seems likely, however, "that the holdings that came to be known as quarterlands represent in general elements in a very early [i.e. pre-Scandinavian] land system" (Megaw 1978: 281). The term treen, possibly deriving from G. tir uinge 'ounceland' (Marstrander 389-90, English summary 424; though there might be some difficulties phonetically), would represent an administrative unit designated for tax purposes comparable with the 7th-cent. Irish concept of tir-mbo 'cow-land* as a tax unit (Megaw 1978: 280). Megaw (ibid) compares the four-quarterland unit (treen) with the Carolingian system whereby four manses (later five) combined to provide and support one fighting man, one supplying the man, the rest his armour and upkeep. Marstrander (1937) demonstrates fairly conclusively that each treen originally had an Early Christian keeill and family burial-ground, thus supporting the tradition of the Manannan (Traditionary) Ballad (ca. 1500) that St. German built a small chapel (keeill) in every treen bailey (i.e. the treen), and indicating that the treen as a unit has its roots in a pre-Scandinavian milieu. So too might the concept of "sheading", the six court districts into which Man has been divided since the Middle Ages. Though the term is evidently derived from ON s&tungr 'sixth part' (Marstrander 1937: 410, 431), though the spelling (and perhaps the concept) is influenced by ME sheding 'division' - and the island of Gotland was evidently also divided into six sfitungar, sheading, in a British Isles context, may well represent a replacement of an earlier (?Celtic) term comparable with the Welsh cwmwd 'commot; locality, neighbourhood; a unit...in which a court of law was held...two (sometimes more) of which formed a cantref [English 'hundred* ]' (GPC/I:643a). Anglesey (comparable in area to the Isle of Man) has six commots grouped into three lots of two, but Man because of its mountain chain is divided into two lots of three sheadings (Megaw 1978: 284). Megaw (ibid) suggests that each of the six individual sheadings had formerly been administered from a treen-estate (or possibly from a particular quarterland within the treen) within a district that had the same name: Glenfaba(n) (possibly in the area of Glenaspit), Kirk Michael, (le) Ayre (?in Bride near Ballavarkish), Grauff (now Garff, cf. the Grawe quarterlands

xvii

near Laxey), Midell (cf. Middle farm), and Russin (Rushen). These former sheading-centres all appear to have been farms, though not necessarily defensive points, and would be directly comparable with the maerdref '(royal) steward's farm/township' of the Welsh cymydau. 3. Source material 3.1. Pre-16th-century sources Until the 16th century documentary source material for Manx place-names is exceedingly scant What we have at our disposal includes the following: 3.1.1. Coucher Book of Furness Abbey (Latin; containing a copy of a bull of Pope Eugenius III dated ca. 1152-53 and a grant dated 1246 regarding land in Arbory and Malew), 3.1.2. Register of the Priory of St. Bees (Latin; containing charters ca. 11541321 regarding land in Maughold), 3.1.3. Charter of Olaf II (1226-37) to Whithorn Priory 1228 regarding land near Greeba (Latin; original lost, copy 1504), 3.1.4. the Chronicles of Man (Latin; ca.1257, with Continuation till 1377; appended Abbeyland Bounds relating to the parishes of Malew, Lezayre, and Lonan/Maughold, ca.1280), 3.1.5. reference in the Patent Rolls (Latin) for 1291 to St. Patrick's Church, Jurby, 3.1.6. the Appyn Charter (Latin; land grant of 1376/77 concerning land in Glenfaba), 3.1.7. Sheading Court Roll (English) 1417/18, 3.1.8. Garrison Inquest Roll (English; relating to Castles Rushen and Peel) 1428, 3.1.9. (though properly 16th cent.) the "forged" Papal Bull of 1231 (ca. 1580-1600; Latin, concerning various church lands throughout the Island). Thereafter, the main repositories of Manx place-name material consulted in the course of this work include the following.

xviii

3.2. Setting books From 1506 to 1911 for the South of the Island (i.e. lying south-east of the central mountain chain - embracing the parishes of Rushen, Arbory, Malew, Santan, Marown, Braddan, Conchan (Onchan), Lonan, and Maughold) and 1515 to 1911 for the North (north-west of the mountain chain, embracing the parishes of Patrick, German, Michael, Ballaugh, Jurby, Lezayre, Andreas, and Bride) we have available to us a series of rent rolls (Lords Composition Books (LCB) and Libri Assedationis (LA), or setting books) containing names of tenants (paying rent to the Lord of Man) entered on a parish basis.The tenants' names are grouped under their respective treens. In 1643 James I Seventh Earl of Derby, Lord of Man (Yn Stanlagh Mooar 'the Great Stanley'), as part of his new policy towards land tenure (cf. Moore 1900: 880-907), caused a thorough revision of LCB to be made in an attempt to find out exactly who held land from him and for what rent. This resulted for our purposes in much more placename detail being included than hitherto. The new format embraced for the first time a number of quarterland and intack names, which in this respect was greatly expanded upon in LCB 1704, the year of the Act of Settlement. LCB 1704, therefore, comprises the main reservoir of the earliest attested forms of the majority of quarterland and intack names. After 1704 LA occasionally contain quarterland names, but regularly any intack names, though there was no legal requirement to do so. From 1869 till 1991 quarterland names are regularly entered. During the course of the 18th century, from ca. 1728 to ca. 1797, the number of new parcels of intack land (almost all bearing Manx-Gaelic names) taken in and registered, e.g. in Patrick, increased dramatically, and these form a major source of our place-name material. Similar setting books for abbeyland holdings (essentially in Rushen, Malew, German, Braddan, Lonan and Lezayre; also the Baronies of Bangor and Saul in Patrick, of St. Trinian's in Marown, of St. Bees in Maughold and the Maughold "Stafflands", of the Bishop in Marown, Patrick, Braddan, Ballaugh, Michael, and Jurby) provide similar material, but no treen or intack names (cf. above).

χ ix 3.3. Deeds of sale and mortgage Beside the setting books the other main source of PN material is the deeds of sale and (less numerous) mortgage which date from ca. 1700 to the present. As well as quarterland and intack names, these also contain a considerable number of field names (in Manx), many of which have since fallen out of use. A comparison with those collected on sound-recordings from oral tradition (198993) makes that clear. The deeds form the main source of early field names. For our purposes here deeds to the year 1848 only (the date of the change-over to monthly registration) have been consulted, thereafter the exercise resulted in diminishing returns. Deeds earlier than ca. 1700 are found in Libri Cancellarii. 3.4. Estate plans An additional source in this respect are the estate plans of 18th & 19th century date. These were drawn up by surveyors for a number of Manx estates, though not all. A small proportion of those available at the Manx Museum Library are accompanied by lists of field names, but this is the exception rather than the rule. Nevertheless, some of the early plans record field names in Manx since lost to oral tradition. Estate plans of differing dates, but of the same estate, can show varying names for the same field, cf. the estate plans for Ballavoddan AN for 1779 and 1830. 3.5. Enquest files For names of a different kind, e.g. inland rock names, stream names, etc, i.e. those used as boundary markers, rather than farm or intack names, the main source is the Enquest Files (EF: 1688-1916); these records arise from local boundary disputes between neighbours. 3.6. Woods'

Atlas

Woods' Atlas of 1867 (qv) draws essentially on setting books and tithe plans to give an accurate picture of land holdings in the Island at that time. Though

XX

some additional PN material has been gleaned from its pages, the Atlas has mainly been used to as a means to plot the whereabouts of the various intacks mentioned in the setting books, deeds, etc, and to delineate the various holdings on the Survey's own maps to determine the placement of their fields. 3.7. Census returns The census returns available to us date from 1841 to 1891. Access to later census data which also contain personal details is not possible owing to the Island's 100-year restriction on access. The returns record quarterland and other farm names, as well as street names (for towns and villages) and individual house names in country areas; the house names have largely been ignored here. It is in the census returns that we witness the rise in the number of names in English, especially in the country areas, reflecting an incoming non-Manx speaking population. We begin to see this already in the deeds from ca. 1820 onwards, cf. Bollagh (Northop) GE, Cronk y Killey (Laurel Bank) GE, etc. 3.8. Ordnance Survey name books Name books for the initial Ordnance Survey of the Isle of Man 1864-69 (housed in Southampton) were lost in an air raid during the Second World War. Those that survive date from 1955-57 and 1968, when a revised survey was made, updating the material gathered during the first survey, and these are now housed with the Department of Local Government and Environment of the Isle of Man Government. These name books are based on the individual 6-inch sheets of the first survey. They contain some names, particularly of coastal features, gathered from oral tradition, which are not otherwise attested in the documentary sources, and in that respect they are quite useful. The orthography of the Manx names here largely mirrors that of the census returns (cf. above). 3.9. Field names In addition to the above described deeds our main source here is the material collected by the Manx Museum Folklife Survey, From 1949 to ca.1975 (but

zxi also embracing material collected up to some 20 years earlier) the Folklife Survey made a substantial collection of field names for most parishes in the Island recorded either on their maps or in their parish-based field books. The vast majority of the names are in Manx. Later field names, mostly in English, were located in the Department of Agriculture's soil analysis returns (1973-1991) available at their experimental farm at Knockaloe Mooar just south of Peel. 4. Maps Early maps showing the Isle of Man date from Ptolemy (2nd cent. AD), to the monk Matthew Paris (ca.1250), through to Gough (ca.1350) and the Portolan Charts of the early 16th century. However, the earliest map to attempt to include inland place-names is that of Gerard Mercator on his map of the British Isles of 1564, where ten names are included. Then comes Christopher Saxton's map of England and Wales of 1583 with 25 names. The first map-maker to arrange inland names on a parish basis was Thomas Durham in 1595, whose work was first printed as a separate map by John Speed in 1605; his map contains 71 names. Throughout the 17th century Speed's maps were copied by others. The first to show the Island in its recognisable shape was that of Capt. Greenvile Collins in 1681 This map contains 68 names, many of which have been inaccurately copied or heard. Collins' map also influenced later map-makers, particularly Morden (1695), Moll (1724), and Kitchin (ca.1750). Apart from McKenzie's sea chart of 1760 (which gives little inland detail), the next map showing 135 inland place-names, as well as the new roads in relation to the mountains, is that of Peter Fannin of 1789. This became the model for those printed in late 18th-century tours, histories and almanacs of the Isle of Man. Fannin's map was followed by that of John Drinkwater in 1826. This was the first to define the sheadings and parishes accurately, as well as the shape and distribution of the mountains. The PN detail has increased markedly, with, for example, 18 and 16 inland names for Patrick and German respectively. Drinkwater's map was also used as a model for guidebook maps, and was the last map to be drawn before the coming of the Ordnance Survey in

xxii 1864 (Cubbon 1967). Their first 25-inch series was published in 1869, the 6inch series in 1870, and the 1-inch single map in 1873.

5. Orthography The setting books were apparently compiled annually, or whenever it was possible to collect the rent. The surviving books (from 1511(1515) to 1911) seem to be assembled in "bouts", i.e. successive books copy from the preceding ones for a period, then comes a set of minor adjustments, e.g. in name forms, which are then copied by a further series, and so on till 1704, the year of the Act of Settlement. Straight copying continues until the final series (which includes quarterland names) begins in 1869 (in some cases 1858) running on till 1911 when the rents were redeemed. Copying naturally leads to misreadings, noticeably so after 1858. So Kylfarick Ε dromma (i.e. Killpherick a Dromma GE) 1704 (thereafter in various renderings of the same) appears as Kill Garick ne dromma (for ny for y, cf. §7.13.1. below) after 1858 successively till 1911; Close ne brebbag (i.e. Close ny Brebbag GE) for 1704 continues as Close ne Cribbag(h) after 1858 till 1911. It is in this latter phase that many misreadings of this sort occur, indicating either that the name was unknown to the clerk entering the names at the time and also to succeeding clerks, or (perhaps less probably) that the name had generally fallen into disuse. Though grouped under individual treens, the principal unit, as noted above, was evidently the quarterland. The treen names seem to have been entered as a matter of course, almost certainly so by the latter phase, if not before, even though they were apparently no longer in general currency. So TR-Balladoraughan 1704, Balladouraghan 1911 (= QL-Balla-gharraghan 1704, Ballagarraghyn 1891) would almost certainly have been known at that time as Ballagarraghan/Ballagarraghyn. As in the setting books, Manx names in the deeds are generally set in "nonstandard" orthography. Nevertheless even here, except for the occasional aberrant clerk, there seems to have been a certain consistency throughout the 18th and into the 19th century, so currough, curraugh, curragh for curragk Placename renderings seem to have become standardised, first by the Official Census (1841-1891, but especially after 1851), then by the Ordnance Survey after

xxiii 1869, and these two repositories are clearly responsible for the name-forms we have today. Nevertheless, in the 1955-57, 1968 Ordnance Survey name books uncertainty as to the "correct" orthographic representation prompted the OS to seek assistance from Local Government Board agents, Post Office officials, or farmers, and on occasion the standard was set from those quarters. So Mwyllin-ny-Cleiy (Patrick) on the OS 6-inch 1870 series becomes (via the Local Government Board) Mullen-e-Cloie today, giving rise to a pronunciation something like "mullen-a-cloy" (reflecting the orthography), rather than the expected "mullena-clay" or "mullen-a-clye", the latter recorded from the informants. The version printed here (with minor adjustment) would reflect the attested pronunciation, namely Mwyllin y Chleigh. 6. Common elements in Manx place-names The linguistic history of the Isle of Man is now fairly well known among scholars of Celtic and Scandinavian studies generally and need only be briefly sketched here. Given that Man is surrounded on three sides by the island of Britain, which during the Roman period was evidently predominantly Brittonic speaking, the probability is that Man also at that time shared a dialect of that same speech with its neighbours. With perhaps the exception of the bilingual 5th/6th-cent. Ogam (Goidelic) and Latin "Knock-y-Doonee" Stone (showing elements of British speech; cf. Jackson 1953: 173) and (though an ON etymology has been proposed) the place-name Hentre (cf. W. hendref*old settlement, farm, etc', parallel to Mx. shennvalley, G. sean bhaile) from the Abbeyland Bounds attached to CM (f.53r; ca.1280), no other trace, so far as is known, of British speech is attested in the Island. Goidelic settlement in Man is reckoned to have taken place from ca.500AD, with Goidelic speech in the ascendant and continuing through the Scandinavian period to be replaced by English from the mid-nineteenth century onwards (cf. Thomson 1983, Broderick 1991). With perhaps the exception of three or four names, the Gaelic place-names of the Isle of Man (which constitute the vast majority) can be shown to be largely post-Scandinavian, i.e. formed since the end of the Scandinavian period in the

xxiv 13th century (cf. Gelling 1991, Broderick 1993). In the formation of Manx place-names common elements occur again and again, as dictated by the geography, vegetation and environment. The Gaelic common elements found include the following: aa, aah 'ford' Ir. dth. aaie, aiee 'kiln* Ir. dith. aittin 'gorse' G. aitecmn. awin 'river ScG. abhainrt. baamey 'gap' Ir. bedrna. bailey 'farm, stead, place, village, town* G. baile. bayr 'road' Ir. böthar, ScG. bothar. beinn, bing 'peak, summit' ScG. beinn. boayl 'place, spot' G. ball. bollagh 'track, pass' G. bealach. braaid 'gullet, gorge; breast of a hill' Ir. brdgha, g. brdghad, d. brdghaid, f; ScG. bräghad, g. bräghaid, m 'upper part of body leading towards the neck'. broogh 'brink, precipice, bank' ScG. bruach. bwoaillee 'fold, field' G. buaile, d. buailidh. cabbyl 'horse; coastal rock' Ir. capall. earn, carnane 'cairn, heap of stones' Ir. earn, cdrndn. carrick 'rock* G. carraig. cashtal 'castle (also fortification, rock formation, burial tomb)' ScG. caisteal. claddagh 'bank of a river' G. cladach. clagh 'stone' Ir. clock, ScG. clach. coan 'hollow, small valley' Ir. cabhdn, ScG. cabhan, camhan. conney 'gorse, fuel' Ir. connadh. creg 'rock' G. creag. cronk 'hill' G. ctioc. curragh 'mire, marsh area' G. currach. doarlish 'gap' cf. ScG. doirling. dreeym 'back, ridge' Ir. droim, ScG. druim. drine 'thorn' Ir. draighean.

XXV

droghad 'bridge* ScG. drochaid. eary 'shieling' Ir. dirghe, ScG. äiridh. faaie 'homefield, flatt' Ir. faidhche, ScG. faiche. freoagh 'heather' G. fraoch. garee 'sourland' cf. Mx. gyere, Ir. gfar 'sharp; sour, bitter' glion 'glen' G. gleann. gob 'point, small headland' G. gob. immyr 'ridge' ScG. iomair. injeag 'river-meadow' cf. Ir. inse, ScG. innseag. keeill 'church, chapel' G. ceall, d. (later n.) cill. kerroo 'quarterland' Ir. ceathramha, ScG. ceathramh. keyll 'wood' Ir. coill, ScG. coille. kione 'head, end' G. ceann. lag, lagan 'hollow' ScG. lag, lagan. lhargan 'steep slope of a hill' ScG. leorgan. lheeannee 'meadow' G. Ιέαηα, d. lianaidh. lhiargagh, lhiargee 'hillslope' ScG. leargach, d. leargaidh. lhing 'pool' Ir. linn. logh 'lake, marsh-lake' G. loch. magher 'field' cf. ScG. machair. moanee 'turf, turbary' Ir. moin, d. monaidh. mullagh 'top, summit' G. mullach. mwyllin 'mill' G. muileann. pairk 'pasture field' Ir. pdirc. purt 'harbour* Ir. port. raad 'road' ScG. rathad. reeast 'wasteland' G. riasc. sallagh 'willow' Ir. saileach. sharragh 'foal; inland rock' G. searrach. slieau 'mountain' G. sliabh. strooan 'stream, river' ScG. sruthan. thalloo 'land' G. talamh. thie 'house' ScG. taigh. tholtan 'ruined house', cf. ScG. tolltach 'full of holes'.

xxvi toar 'dungfield/fold; bleaching-green* Ir. tuar, ScG. todhar. traie 'shore' G. trdigh. The Scandinavian elements are not so numerous, but include the following: aa 'river* ON a. ayre 'gravel beach, bank' ON eyrr. baie 'bay' ON vägr. by 'farm, settlement' ON b0ry ODan by. clett 'rock, cliff ON kiettr. dal 'vale, glen' ON dalr. fell 'mountain' ON fiall. garey 'garden, enclosure' ONgardhr 'courtyard'. giat 'road' ON gala. giau 'inlet' ON gja. holm 'island' ON holmr. howe 'hill' ON haugr. ness 'nose, protruberance' ON ties. wick 'cove, bay' ON vßc. 7. Aspects of Manx grammar relevant to place-names The following forms are represented in Manx (dace-names: 7.1. Consisting of a noun only Rushen: dim. of ros, G. ros, roisean 'wood, copse; site of an old cemetery; isthmus, point, promontory ; level tract of arable land'. Name of sheading (RU), parish (RU), and glen (PA). This type of name is extremely rare in Man, and apart from the name Man itself Rushen is possibly the only example of this type to have survived. There is no indefinite article in Manx, so Rushen can mean 'wood', etc, or 'a wood' etc. Though given that this type is also attested in Ireland and Scotland of pre-13th-century date, the definite article could also be implicit in an element of this type, e.g. ScG. beannan 'the peaked place'. Nouns standing alone also

xxvii function as place-names in English and Scandinavian PN, and the element of definiteness is implicit and not stated, even though languages normally employ a definite article, cf. Brooke in Leicestershire and Norfolk (OE bröc), Breck in Lancashire (Sc. brekka), Dal in Denmark (Sc. dalr). 7.1.1. Morphology of nouns in Manx place-names Nouns in Manx deriving from original OIr. masc, fem, and neut. come down as either masc. or fem. From the Classical period of Manx (CMx; essentially 18th cent.) down through to Late Manx (LMx; 19th/20th cent.) nouns came more and more to be treated as masc. only, unless obviously otherwise, e.g. ben 'woman', or marked as fem. in nominal phrases, e.g. fud ny hoie 'throughout the night', cf. Ir. arfad na h-oidhche. Many nouns used in Manx PN reflect original G. accusative/dative singular expressing "motion towards" or "rest" (in PN there may, of course, be loss of a locative preposition): Mx. thie 'house' Olr. d. taig (cf. ScG. taigh), n/a tech (neuter j-stem). Mx. bwoaillee 'cattle fold, pen' Olr. n. buaile, d. buailidh (also Mod.Ir.) (dental stem). Mx. keeill 'church, chapel' Olr. n. cell, d. (later n.) cill(ä -stem) (cf. also §6. above). Mx.lhiargee 'hillside, hillslope' Olr. lerg, lergach (ö-stem), d. lergaige (idstem). Mx. moanee 'bog, peat-moss, turf turbary' Olr. moin, d. monai (i-stem). 7.2. Singular article + orig. masc. noun Niarbyl 'the tail' PA, Mx. yn arbyl, Ir. an t-earball, or possibly old locative i n-earball. Inclose 'the enclosure' BA, Mx. yn close, Ir. an clos. The sg. def. art. in Mx. is y/yn, which occasions no change in the initial consonant of the following masc. noun. The masc. genitive of the article, viz. y/yn, occasions lenition (spirantisation) in the initial consonant of the following

xxviii noun, except dentals. Note that in orig. masc. nouns in Mx. with initial vowel the original t of the def. art. does not appear in the Manx reflexes, e.g. Mx. yn ean 'the bird', G. an t-έαη. However, in many PN forms of this type the Eng. def. art. the has replaced Mx. y/yn and this has now come to be fairly standard in Manx place-names. Occasionally the accompanies y/yn where the latter has become inseparable from its noun (cf. also in §7.3. below): The Cronk 'the hill', cf. G. an cnoc. The Garey 'the garden, enclosure', cf. ScG. gdradh, d. garaidh (< ON). The Close 'the enclosure' cf. Ir. cU5s (< Eng.). The Inclose 'the enclosure' (w. Mx. def. art. agglutinated) 7.3. Singular article + orig. fem. noun Neary 'the shieling' PA, Mx. yn eary Ir. an dirghe, ScG. an airidh. With Eng. def. art: the Eary, the Neary (w. Mx. def. art. agglutinated) Naaie 'the homefield' Mx. yn aaie, Ir. an fliaidhche. With Eng. def. art. The Naaie (w. Mx. def. art. agglutinated). The Creg 'the rock' GE, cf. G. an chreag. In the above exx. the misdivision of the def. art. arises in Mx., but the sense of the article, being present or required, is continued in English. Originally the Mx. def. art. lenited the initial consonant of a following orig. fem. noun, e.g. yn chreg 'the rock'. For the disappearance of lenition in orig. /k/, /g/, /d/, cf. §7.5. below. 7.4. Original masc. noun + adjective Cronk Bane 'white hill' GE, Ir. cnoc bdn.

xxix In Manx the qualifying adjective normally follows the noun (but cf. §7.8. below). After orig. masc. nouns there is no lenition in the following adjective. However, in LMx. particularly, "abuse" of lenition can take place in qualifying adjectives; so we find also: Cronk Vane 'white hill' PA (cnoc bhdn) Cronk Vooar 'big hill' PA (cnoc mhör) unless we are to take this as an oblique case form with suppressed initial element in n/a, as seems to be the case in: Mullagh Vedn 'white summit' PA, Mx. mullagh bane (for the occurrence of preocclusion, cf. §7.21. below). This is the name of a road and originally we might have expected something like *bayr y vullee vane which would reduce to *bayr y vullagh {mullagh) vane, with loss of lenition in mullagh when there is no longer any reason for it, but with retention of it in the adjective (as a result of fossilisation). Occasionally we seem to have two qualifying adjectives: Cronk Vane Beg 'little white hill' or 'little Cronk Bane' GE Here Cronk Vane is a unit treated as masc. (and vane presumably had no gender) qualified by the adjective beg in contrast, real or implied, to Cronk Vane Mooar. 7.5. Original fem. noun + adjective Creg Veg 'little rock' GE, G. creag bheag. Eary Vooar 'big shieling' GE, ScG. äiridh mhör. Ooig Vrisht 'broken cave' PA, ScG. uig bhriste (w. verbal adj.)

XXX

However, as with "abuse" of lenition in qualifiers of orig. masc. nouns (cf. §7.4. above), failure of lenition in qualifying adjectives of orig. fem. nouns also occurs: Creg Bane 'white rock' PA. Eary Mooar 'big shieling' GE. Ooig Dorraghey 'dark cave' PA. Failure of lenition in initial Id/, /g/, /k/, /f/, /s/ begins to be seen in CMx. and is complete by the period of LMx. As this came to be the rule we would speak of "absence", rather than "failure" of lenition, since its occurrence was no longer expected. Note that in standard Manx orthography dh, th represent a form of interdental articulation, viz. [d h ], [th] and not [γ], or [h] (or palatalised variants), as in Gaelic orthography. However, they are very irregular in occurrence.

7.6. Singular article + orig. masc. noun + adjective The Crank Mooar 'the big hill', cf. G. an cnoc mor. w. Eng. def. art.

7.7. Singular article + orig. fem. noun + adjective Nary vore 'the big shieling' GE, Mx. yn eary vooar, ScG. an airidh mhor. the Eary voar GE, w. Eng. def. art. With failure/absence of lenition in the adjective: Nary Glass 'the green shieling' GE, Mx. yn eary glass, cf. ScG. an airidh ghlas (here w. len. in adj.).

7.8. Adjective + noun Shenn valley 'old farm' GE, Ir. sean bhaile.

xxxi Shenn thalloo 'old land' GE, Ir. sean talamh. Breck woaillee 'speckled fold' PA (breac-bhuailidh). Certain adjectives precede the noun. The most common element of this type in Mx. PN is shenn 'old'. Proposed adjectives normally occasion lenition in the following noun in Mx, except in cases of homorganic inhibition, as in shenn thalloo above. For Mx. representing [t*], cf. §7.5. above. With failure of lenition: Breck bwoaillee 'speckled fold' PA. 7.8.1. Nominal prefix + noun Corvalley 'conical hill/edge/hollow farm' GE, cf. Ir. corr-bhaile. Here cor (Ir. corr) is used as a prefix and occasions lenition. The combination cor + bailey is quite common in Manx PN, so common in fact to be regarded as adjectival. 7.9. Article + adjective + noun The Shennvalley 'the old farm' GE, w. Eng. def. art. 7.10. Original masc. noun + orig. g. sg. of noun Strooan bayr lieau 'mountain road stream' PA, cf. G. sruthan + bothar shleibhe. Here the constituent bayr lieau qualifies strooan (cf. §7.4. above). 7.11. Original fem. noun + orig. g.sg. of noun Earylieau 'mountain shieling' GE, Ir. airghe shleibhe.

xxxii Bwoaillee lieau 'mountain fold' PA, Ir. buaile

shleibhe.

Irish readers will be acquainted with the spelling slew for the early examples of the name exported to Scotland.

7.12. Noun + y/yn + orig. masc. genitive singular Cronk y Voddy 'hill of the churl' GE, Ir. cnoc an bhodaigh, n/a bodach

'hill of the dog'

ScG. cnoc a' mhadaidh, n/a madadh

Here in orig. ο-stems the g.sg. is formed by palatalisation of the final consonant. Gob yn Ushtey 'point of the water(fall)' PA, Ir .gob an uisce. With failure of lenition: Gob Ε Glionney 'mouth of the glen' GE, Mx. gob y g(h)lionney, w. orig. /γ'/ delenited (and depalatalised) to /g/, cf. Ir. gob an ghleanna. With orig. /γ7 disappearing altogether (in a variant of the same name): Lheney Gob e Lhenney 'meadow by/at the mouth of the glen' GE, Mx.

Iheeannee gob y g(h)lionney Cronk y Freoaie 'hill of the heather' PA, ScG. cnoc a' fhraoich. Note that initial /here resists lenition, under which it would disappear. This is normal in Mx.

7.13. Noun + ny + orig. fem. genitive singular Gob ny Beinney 'point of the mountain' PA, ScG. gob na beinne. Close ny Haa 'enclosure of the ford' GE, Ir. clös na h atha.

xxx iii Cronk ny Bingagh 'hill of the jury' GE (cnoc na binneach). Cronk ny Killagh 'hill of the chapel' GE {cnoc na cilleach). Latter two w. "alternative" Mx. g. in -agh (G. -ach), i.e. treated as if a lenited velar stem. This treatment is usually meted out to nouns in -r, though not later than Phillips (ca.1610), e.g. (Mx.)pooar 'power', g. (Phillips) poyragh. 7.13.1. "Abuse" of g. fern. sg. ny for g. masc.

sg.ylyn

Cronk ny Fasney 'hill of the winowing' GE, cf. ScG. cnoc an fltasgnaidh. Creg ny vraane 'rock of the quern' PA (creag an bhröin). Mx. fasney, ScG. fasgnadh 'act of winnowing' (orig. «-stem) reflects o-stem declension and in the g.sg. after the def. art. lenition plus palatalisation of the final consonant, viz. ScG. an fliasgnaidh, Mx. *yn asnee. However, verbal nouns in Mx. in -ey (G.-adh) giving -ee (G. -(a)idh) in g.sg. tend to employ that inflection in direct association with the noun (in n/a) they modify in nominal constructions, e.g. Mx. dooinney-moyllee 'best man' lit. 'man of praising' G. *duine-molaidh, otherwise no inflection takes place (cf. Broderick 1991: 76-77). In addition, there is a tendency in Manx PN to replace yn with ny, as it was felt to "improve" the flow of the (phrasal) name and therefore more "authentic". ny as a g.sg. fem. marker occasions no lenition in the following noun, and so the form Cronk ny Fasney (cnoc na fasgnadh) would be felt to be in order. Also Cronk yn Asney would have suggested '...of the rib', an additional motive for non-lenition. On the other hand Cronk-fasnee (like Eng. Mülinghüt) without article as quasi-adjective, might have been admissible. Gob ny clieu 'point of the mountain' PA, cf. Ir. gob an t-sldibhe. Note that G. g. sg. t-sl- (tl- of EMx.) has become cl- in later Manx, e.g. G. or an t-sliabh 'on the mountain', Mx. er y clieau.

xxxiv 7.14. Plural noun No examples, unless we take Chibbyran PA to be Chibbyryn 'wells'. 7.15. Ny + plural noun The Creggans 'the rocky places' PA, cf. ScG. creagan. w. Eng. def. art. replacing orig. Mx. ny plus Eng. pi. ending. 7.16. Noun + dependent plural noun Cronk Sharree 'hill of foals/large boulders' PA, cf Ir. cnoc + n/a. pi. searraigh, but genitive by position. 7.17. Noun + ny + genitive plural Kerroo ny glough 'quarterland of the stones, stony quarterland' GE, Ir. ceathramha na gcloch. Glion ny mreck 'glen of the trout' PA, Ir. gleam na mbreac. Creg ny voillan 'rock of the seagulls' PA, Ir. creag na bhfaoileann. Elian ny maghal 'island of the crooks' PA, Ir. oiledn na mbachall. In Mx. ny in the g. pi. occasions eclipsis (voicing of /p/, /t/, /k/, (if, nasalisation of lb/, /d/, /g/) in the initial consonant of the following noun. Genitive plurals identical in form with the nominative singular, widespread in G, is only vestigial in Mx, almost entirely in PN. 7.17.1. Noun + ny + genitive plural + adjective Magher ny claghyn baney 'field of the white stones' PA, cf. ScG. machair na clachan bdna. When pi. nouns in the g. by position have a qualifying adjective no eclipsis takes place; i.e. the genitive relationship is syntactic, not inflectional. Without

XXXV

the qualifying adjective we would expect something like magher ny glo(u)gh, as in Kerroo ny glough above, though there are insufficient exx. to make this a general rule. 7.17.2 "Reduction" of

genitive plural nyfnyn

to ylyn

In addition to the use of the Mx. g. pi. def. art, viz. ny (nyn before vocal anlaut, cf. above), we also find in place-names the reduced form y (yn before initial vowel). Creg a ruddyn 'rock of the seal' PA, Mx. creg ny raun, cf. Ir. creag na τόη w. preocclusion (cf. §7.21. below). Creg yn ean 'rock of the birds' PA, Mx. creg nyn ean, cf. Ir. creag na nean The two exx. above, however, could conceivably be g. sg. but this would suggest (a rock of) a particular seal or bird, rather than seals or birds in general, as would be implied by a genitive plural. 7.18. Noun + genitive of personal name Keeill Pherick 'Patrick's Church (of the ridge)' GE, Ir. Cill Phddraig. Keeill Voirrey '(St.) Mary's Church' GE, Ir. CillMhuire. Croit yoan Ε Corns 'John Corns' s croft' PA. In Olr. the genitive of a personal name was treated like any other indefinite dependent genitive, i.e. as an adjective in the same position, and so was lenited after a fem. noun in n. sg, and after any singular noun in the dative. Lenition of g. masc. personal names may originate by analogy with personal names following the g.sg. of mac 'son', viz. Ir/ScG. mhic. With failure of lenition (though fem. names in literary sources in Mx. are too rare to found anything upon):

xxxvi Keeill Moirrey '(St) Mary's Chapel' GE. Croit Sandy 'Sandy/Alexander's croft' PA. Creg Tim Tim's (fishing) rock' PA. Where it is felt that a personal name would in some way lose its "completeness" under lenition, i.e. initial /s/, /t/ > /h/ or 1(1 > 0, then absence of lenition can take place, though foreign names may well be exempt from lenition, as in Welsh. But cf. Close Horn 'Tom's enclosure' PA (w. lenition). 7.19. Noun + g.sg. of orig. 0 Surname Ballagarraghan Ό Dorghan's farm' GE, Ir. Baile UiDhorchain w. orig. /γ/ delenited to /g/. 7.20. Noun + g.sg. of orig. Mac surname Ballakaighin 'Kaighin's farm' GE, ScG. Baile 'ic Eachainn. Mx. reflexes can show Ir/ScG. mhic + orig. lenited initial consonant in the following element, except in initial C or G due to homorganic inhibition: Ballahimmin 'Shimmin's farm' GE, G. baile ('ic) Shiomain Ballacrebbin 'Robin's farm' AN, G. baile 'ic Raibin Ballaleece 'Leece's farm* GE, G. baile 'ic Giolla Iosa. Bailacain 'Cain's farm' PA, G. baile 'ic Cathain. Bwoaillee Carney 'Carney's fold' PA, G. buailidh 'ic Cearnaigh. 7.21.

Preocclusion

In Manx original long syllables in stressed monosyllables or dissyllables exhibiting final stress ending in /l/, /ml, In/, /g/ can in their articulation be accompanied by their corresponding preocclusive, viz. /dl/, /bm/, /dn/, /gg/:

xxxvii Mx. keeill 'church* /ki:l/, /kidl/; trome 'heavy' /tro:m/, /tro(:)bin/; bane 'white' /be:n/, /be(:)dn/; Ihong 'ship' /log/, logg/ (cf. also HLSM/III: 28-34). The preocclusion tends to shorten original long syllables. In place-names, so far as our evidence goes, this manifests itself in stressed monosyllables ending in /n/ and /g/. Creg a luggan *[kregalogg] 'rock of the ship' PA, Mx. creg y Ihong, G. creag na luinge. Creg a ruddyn *[kreg3'rgdn] 'rock of the seals' PA, Mx. creg ny raun., G. creag na ron. Mullagh Vedn [molax'vedn] 'white summit' PA, Mx. mullagh b/vane, G. mullach bcin. 7.22. Medial and final /sk/ in Ir/ScG. becoming /st/ in Manx 7.22.1. Palatalised variants G. uisce 'water* -> Mx. ushtey /uft'a/. G. easbuig 'bishop' -> Mx. aspick, aspit /a(:)spit'/. 7.22.2. Non-palatalised variants G. iascadh 'act of fishing' -> Mx. eeastagh /jistax/. G. riasc 'waste' -> Mx. reeast /ri:st/. 7.23. Realsation of /a/ in the environment of /r/ or r- clusters In LMx. stressed short vowels, or stressed short vowels secondarily lengthened, can be realised as [0] or [0:] in the environment of /r/ or r- clusters (but also to a lesser extent in the environment of IV, lb/, Id/, /g/, /ml, In/, III, Is, s'/, /x/; cf. HLSM/III:44-48). In place-names, however, this development seems to be restricted to /a/ before r- clusters (realised as [0:] with loss of /-r/). This development is sometimes recognised in the attested forms. Ballargey PA [bataga] (Ballergey 1811, 1836, Ballerga 1861). Doarlish Ard PA [do(:)ltf'0:d] (Doarlish Aird 1833, Daurlisheard 1881).

xxxviii

8. Editorial technique In the present volume minor adjustments in the generally accepted orthography for Manx PN have occasionally been made to reflect the provenance, etc, of a given name. Thus "Ballagarraghyn" of the OS maps is rendered here "Ballagarraghan", with final -an, reflecting the original (Ir.) Baile Ui Dhorchdin, reduced in the Mx. reflex to /an/ because unstressed. "Kerrow" (G. ceathramh) is rendered everywhere here as "kerroo" in accordance with standard Manx orthography, even though, especially on the Northside, local pronunciation may reflect /kero/, usually written "kerrow". Treen names are given in their earliest attested form, for Patrick and German from LA 1515. The format adopted for the place-name corpus in this volume is as follows, depending on the requirements of a given name: a) headname in bold print with any information on general location, or plot number if an Intack, b) forms of its pronunciation with attribution where attested, c) any Ordnance Survey grid reference; these can sometimes appear appended tod), d) any attested forms (with any accompanying descriptions or other relevant information) from documentary sources in chronological order. Names attested once only have that form in the headname, e) (on a separate line) any meaning, giving breakdown of elements with relevant language attribution where applicable, or standard versions of those Manx Gaelic names supplied in non-standard orthography, 0 (on a separate line) any linguistic, or other, discussion, g) any associated Manx Gaelic field names, with attested forms, meaning and standard versions where applicable; with plot numbers and map attribution where attested, h) list of any field names in English. Where possible Gaelic equivalents are given for those names in Manx Gaelic and Old Norse or English etyma for those thought to be of Scandinavian or English provenance. For the Gaelic names either the Irish or Scottish Gaelic form is given, whichever is felt to be nearer the Manx reflex, or both, or G.

xxxix (Gaelic) when common to both. The appearance of Gaelic equivalents does not mean that these necessarily appear as place-name elements in Ireland or Scotland; Ir. dirghe 'shieling' (Mx. eary), for example, evidently does not appear as a place-name generic in Ireland (cf. Joyce 1869-1913, Megaw, Ε 1978). The abbreviation Mx. preceded by an asterisk, viz. *Mx, means that one of the elements in the name, often the specific, whilst obviously Gaelic, has not survived in Manx in the literature and is not found in the dictionaries. The G. (or Ir. or ScG.) equivalent will indicate the lost element in Mx. Gaelic versions in brackets merely show the Mx. form in Gaelic dress, without suggesting an equivalent. Whilst every effort has been made to be as complete as possible in assembling our place-name corpus, omissions will naturally occur. We would ask our readers to notify us of any such omissions, so that we can include them in any reprint of the work. G.B.

ISLE OF MAN Administrative divisions before 1796

Parishes: 1. Patrick 2. German 3. Michael 4. Ballaugh 5. Jurby 6. Lezayre 7. Andreas 8. Bride 9. Maughold 10. Looan 11. Onchan 12. Braddan 13. Marown 14. Santan 15. Malew 16. Arbory 17. Rushen

Sheading boundary -·-·-·-·-· Parish boundary · · · · · · North-South divide

In 1796 Marown was transferred to Glenfaba and Onchan to Middle Sheading

SHEADING OF GLENFABA

• kallaquine' 1

•Lynague 'Knocksharry

Creg Malin St. Patrick's Isle/

1

X< Henassi

Lambfell \enHc)cn

sX

Ballavaish

' Ear^Qlass

KIRK GERMAN

Contrary Head

Ballig

Gordon

Slieau Whallian KIRK PATRICK Raby • Camagreie ilenMaye

Ballacfrrink · • Ballalaa Ballelby Niaibyl

\

G

Ballagyr

PEEL Ballakilmurray

Dalby

GlionCam Corvalley • Ballakaigfiin

ί J $

# :'kem] GC1991. Obscure, unless we take it at its face value from GC's pron. as meaning 'too crooked, twisty', i.e. a very twisty field, understanding something like a preceding magher. -Stack [stak], [stek] Fs GC1991, Bottom/Top Steck FLS/XII.5 'seastack fields' ON stakkr. -Thalloo Losh FLS/XII.5 'burnt land' Mx. thalloo loshl. -Thie earys JJK366, Thie Eary FLS/FB:PA nd [ca.1950], Thie Carey (sic) FLS/XII.5, Thie Eary [Ggdiiari] GC1991 'shieling house' Mx. thie eary, w. Eng. pi. added to first form. -Thowl Bill Nick FLS/XII.5, Thubble Nick [eobl'mk] GC1991 'Bill Nick's hole'. Mx. -Torchammee 1812D01813(1). Obscure. First element may be Mx. toar 'dungfold, bleaching-green'. The second may be a garbled form of the pers. name McConky (viz. 'McConky's dungfold, bleaching-green') which turns up in TR-Alia Dalby and TR-Raby in LA 1515.

83 -Traie lhin 1835D01835(4) 'broad shore' Mx. treue Ihean. -Vitin ("field on top of steep cliff") CJC 1920:33, Vitin ("Field on top of steep cliff on Creggan Mooar") JJK369, Veighn CHC/III:202, Veightan FLS/ XII.5, the Vitin [voiidn] GC1991. Obscure. Kneen (JJK369) suggests y veinn 'the peak' as a possibility. However, Marstrander (NTS/VII: 320) points out 'a peak' is hardly suitable as a fieldname; the t (for d) is also against the derivation from beinn. Bitin (after the [Mx.] definite article Vitin) may be Norw. [ON] vitni 'small boundary stone'". On the other hand the forms could suggest either preocclusion, pointing to something like /baidn/, /beidn/ (with def. art. /vaidn/, /veidn/ of unknown meaning; but not beinn /ben/, /benj/), or possibly a form with an original long second vowel in /i:/, e.g. (Donegal Ir.) bdightin m.'a drowning place [i.e. adjoining a dangerous place for drowning]; a bog hole' (Di.69), understanding something like (machaif) a' bhdightfn. Other FN: the Rat (in 6 encl.; first North field, second North field, third North field, first South field, second south field, third South field) 1835D01835(4), Big Intack FLS/FB:PA [ca.1950], Big Intack & Shed F (f. Croit Higgin), Harry's F FLS/XII.5, Kitty's Lhergy FLS/XII.5, Kitty's Lhergy, Big Lhergies GC1991, Little Black Oat F GC1991, Meadow FLS/XII.5, Meadow GC1991, Shore Lhergy, Road Lhergy FLS/XII.5, Stoney/Fairy F GC1991, Tom Beg's F GC1991. CREGGAN NY MRAANE (on QL-Ballamooar) Creggan ny Mraane ("...the lower portion of [the] Barnell road leading to the higher portion") CHC/1:201b, JJK629, Creggan Mooran/Mraane ("...road going up past Barnell") CHC/I:53a. • 'rocky place of the women' Mx; G. creagan na mnathan. See also Creg ny Vraane. CREGGAN YUN (pel. adj. White's Land (Cronk Mooar) Ε & pt. of the "Kings wast" & Rd to seashore W) Creggan Yun 1828D01828(6). • 'rocky place of birds' Mx. creggan eean\ ScG. creagan eun. CREGGANS, the [öa'kreganz] GK1990, [kreganz] AK/ LC1991: The Creggans ("is the ridge of rock which runs seaward at the South end of Knockaloe Mooar from the main road, on which it names the Creggans Hill") Gi/I:492.

84 • 'rocky area' Mx. w. Eng. pi. added; cf. ScG. creagan. Quarry site. CREGGANS BEG Creggans-beg (hs/ld) MAdv.19.12.1839. • 'little Creggans' Mx. CREGGANS FOXDALE / THE CREGGANS (pel. adj. Ballamooar Foxdale) the Creggans (adj. Doarlish Ard N) 1824DM1829(1), the Creggans 1831DM1832(3), the Creggens (adj. "Ballamoar" N, Com. S, "Barroole" E) 1836D01836(1), the Creggans's (sic), the Craggans 1840DM1841(1), Craggans Foxdale CS1871, Creggans CS1891. • 'rocky area' Mx. w. Eng. pi. added; cf. ScG. creagan. CREGGANS HILL Creggans Hill Gi/I:492. High part of the main road adj. the Creggans (below); cf. also Creggan Hill & Tilder's Hill. CREGLHEA QL (TR-Alia Dalby) [kregle:] Ip 1990/91, [kregle:] JM1991, [kregled] LC/EM/NQ1991: the Creglhea GE1800DM1803(6), Creglhea CS 1841, Creglea CS1851, 1871, Creglea, Creglhea CS1861, Craig lea CS1881, 1891, Creglea SC27NW SC21417802. • 'grey rock' Mx. creg lheeah\ cf. Ir creag liath, loc/dat. creig leith. Pron. suggests loc/dat. form. See also Carrick Lhea. FN: (older) Garees [geaiz], Lhergies [l#giz], the Cronk; (modern) Sea F, Home F, the Cronk (different from above), Garden F, Greenhouse F, Pig F, Well F, Westwood F (adj. Westwood Hs.), Westwood Pen F, Niarbyl View F, Quarry F, Banana F (from shape) DW1990. CRETNEY'S C R O F T (on Slieau Whallian) Cretney's Croft 1723DM1725(2). CRING WEE Cring Wee ("...overlooks the rocky beach at the foot of Lag ny Killey") Gi/I:432. • 'yellow bushes, trees' Mx. cring vuigh\ cf. ScG. crainn bhuidhe, w. len. in adjective after an internal pi. with palat. final consonant. CRINGLE'S MILL Cringle's Mill FR1993. At Glen Maye below Nathaan. No longer in use as such. CROFT RICHARD (pel. on Ballavagher) Croft Richard GE1737DO 1738(3). • 'Richard's croft', Eng.w. Mx. word order. CROIT ANTHONY (adj. "New Foxdale Dam" W, Com. S,E) Crott Anthony 1831DM1838(4), Crott Antony 1833DM1833(1), Crott Anthoney

85 1833DO1834(2), Croft Anthony 1837DM1838(2), Croit Anthony 1838DO 1834(3). • 'Anthony's croft' Mx. Aso known as Lhargy Vooar, qv. CROIT CORDEMAN (Int.) Crott Cordeman ("lying in Glan Rushen"; sold by Wm Harrison Sr. of Cordeman ML to Thos Bell PA) 1734DM 1735(3). • 'Cordeman's croft' Mx. See also Cordeman's Croft. CROIT Ε BRASE Croit-e-brase ("Top of Barnell") CJC1920:32 . • 'croft of the potatoes' Mx. croit ny braase, w. eclipsis in the g.pl. CROIT HIGGIN (Int. adj. Eary Cushlin & Creggan Mooar) SC27NW centred on SC22407620: Crott Higgin (adj. Eary Cushlin S, Creggan Mooar W, Kerroodhoo N, "the old Cop called Cley varr E-Dooiney" E) 1791DM 1791(4), Crot Higgin CJC 1920:8. • 'Higgin's croft' Mx. FN: Big Intack FLS/XII.5. CROIT INNEY CALLIN VOOAR (Int.3) Crott Inny Callin voare LA 1709,1721, Crott Inny Callin vore LA1716, Crot Inny Callin voare LA 1728-1858, Crott Immy (sic) Calin voare LA 1869, Crott Immy (sic) Callin Voare LA1891, Crott Immy (sic) Callin Voare LA1901, Crott Immy (jic) Callin Veare (sic) LA1911. • 'croft of Big Inney Callin/Callin's daughter' Mx. CROIT NOA (Int.4; in Glen Maye adj. Glen Mooar/Glen Rushen River) Crot noa LCB1704, Crott noa LA1721, Crot noa LA1728, 1750, 1761, 1816, Crott noa LA 1740, 1858, 1869, Crott Noa (Cr. "Situated in and near Glanmoey...") 1778DO1778(4), Crott Noa 1780D01781(2), LA1783, Crot Know (adj. Glen Rushen River S, Main Road N) 1807DO1809(2), the CrotKnow (adj. "Arazy" E, River called "Owen e Ihagin" W) 1809D01809(3), Croit-naw (adj. HR to Glen Rushen E, River S,W) 1841DM1842(1), Crott Noa LA1881-1911. • 'new croft' Mx; ScG. croit nua. Also known as Lhergydhoo, qv. CROIT NY GREINEY (Int. on QL-Knockaloe Beg, adj. Peel River E, opposite Close Chiarn) Crot Ne greaney 1817DM1818(4), Crot Negreane 1823DM 1824(1), Crott-ne-Greaney 1823DM1828(3), Croit ne Greaney, Croit ne Greany, Croit ne Greane 1826DM 1824(1), Croit-neGreaney 1824DO 1824(1).

86 • 'sunny croft' Mx; ScG. croit na griine. CROIT NY HARREY (pt. QL-Kerrookeil P) Crot=ne-harey 1784 DM1785(6), Croit-ny-harrey 1786DM1788(3), Crott ne harrey 1798DO 1801(2). • 'croft of/by the boundary fence' *Mx; cf. G. croit + Olr. airbe\ cf. Cleigh ny Harree above. CROIT Y CLEATOR (Int.7; in Glen Maye) Crot y Cleater LCB1704, Crot Cleator LA1709, Crott Cleator LA1716, Crott Cleater LA1721, Crot Cleator LA 1728, Crott e Cleator LA 1740,1750,1858 Crot e Cleater LA 1761, Crot e Cleator LA 1783, Crott Ε Cleator LA 1795/6,1816,1869,1891,1911. • 'Cleator's Croft' Mx. croit w. Cumbrian surname. CROIT Ε KERMOTT (pt. QL-Ballacreggan/Creggan Mooar) Croit=E= Kermott 1754DM1754(1). • 'Kermode's croft' Mx. Croit y Kermode, G. Croit 'ic Dhiarmada. CROIT YOAN Ε CORRIS (Cr. adj. Trelja Road N, Glen Rushen Road S) Croit yoan Ε Corns 1830DO1832(2). • 'John Corris's croft' Mx. Croit Yuan y Corris. Also known as Bulraad, qv. CROIT Y QUANE [krot'kwen] WQ1993; cf. Thalloo Quane. CRONGAN ROYE (New Int. 38A adj. Common E, "the White Road at the North end of the Slocks" S) Crongan Roye 1785D01787(2). • 'red hillock' Mx. crongan ruy, cf. ScG. cnocan ruadh. CRONK, the (on Carnagreie) the Cronk (adj. HR to Barrule W) 1836DM1837(1). • 'hill' Mx; G. cnoc. CRONK BRACK Cronk brack 1737D01738(1). Unidentified. • 'speckled hill' Mx. cronk breck, Ir. cnoc breac. CRONK DOO QL/Int (nr. Foxdale) Cronk-Doo 1776D01776(4). • 'black hill* Mx; Ir. cnoc dubh. CRONK FEDJAG Cronk Fedjag Gi/I:448, Cronk Fedjag ONB1957 SC27 NW SC23967498. Hill feature on the Piatrick-Arbory boundary. • 'feather hill, hill of feathers' Mx; cf. ScG. cnoc eiteig. Why this was so called is unknown.

87 CRONK GLASS [krggk'gla:s] JM1991, [kr?gkgla:s] GB1990, AK1991, [krogk'glas] BC1991 SC27NW SC23717972: Cronk Glass CHC/I:126a, Cronk class/glass ("a mound used as a meeting place situated at Glenmaye") CJC1920:33, Cronk Glass ("...on Glen May claddagh...") Gi/III:191. • 'green hill' Mx; G. cnoc glas. Near the old mill at Glen Maye. Now demolished and built on. CRONK JUAN FN Cronk Juan CJC1920:29. Unidentified. • 'Juan's hill* Mx. CRONK CARRAN Cronk Carran ("...lies to the seaward side of the Bayr Mooar") Gi/I:464. • 'Karran's hill' Mx. Cronk Karran, Ir. Cnoc 'ic Ciardin. CRONK Ε FREY (nr. Kionslieau) Cronk Ε Frey 1819DM1819(4). • 'the heathery hill' Mx. cronk y freoaie, cf. ScG. cnoc a' fliraoich, w. suppression of len. of / as normal. CRONK LITCHERAGH (on Int. Rheyn Jimmy) SC28SE SC25828188: Cronk Litcheragh CHC/1:149a, Cronk Litcherough FLS/IX.II. • 'lazy hill' Mx. A steep piece of road nr. Ash Lodge, probably so called as it slowed one down when walking on it. CRONK MATT Cronk Matt CHC/I:188b. • 'Matt's hill' Mx. w. Eng. name. Above the left hand side of the Bamell Road before coming to Carnagreie. Called after a certain Christian Matt CHC.ibid. CRONK MOOAR AbQL (BBS) [kr^k'mgia] lp 1990/91, [krogk'moia] WC 1990, NQ1991 SC27NW SC22807956 & SC22827941: the Cronk Mooar 1821 DM1822(3), Cronk Moor 1828D01828(6), the Cronck More 1827DM 1827(2), the Cronck moore 1827DM1831(5), the Cronck Moare 1827DM 1827(1), Cronk Moor 1831DM1831(1), the Chronk More 1837DO 1837(2), Cronk Moar MSun 26.10.1838, the Cronk Moar (adj. Ballachrink N) 1838DM1839(1), Cronk Mooar CS 1841, Cronkmoar, Cronk Moar (34-37), Knockmoar (38-43) CS 1851, Cronkmoar, Knockmoar CS 1861, 1871, Cronk Moor, Cronk Moore CS 1881, Cronk Moore CS 1891, Cronkmooar, Cronk Moar ONB1955 SC27NW SC22947942. Small farmstead. • 'big hill' Mx; G. cnoc mor. See also Cronk Vooar & Knock Mooar.

88 FN: Bragin 1827DM 1827(2) 'partly ploughed area' Mx. brackan, cf. G. breac 'speckled'. -Coan, couan CJC1920:30 'valley field' Mx. coart. -Cooil cam ("field with the winding road or hedge") CJC 1920:30 'crooked/winding nook' Mx. -Craggen e Ean 1827DM1827(2) 'rocky place of the birds' Mx. creggan ny eean. -Croit veg Sty 1827DM1827(2) 'little inner croft' Mx. croit veg sthie. -Croit veg-moiy 1827DM1827(3) 'little outer croft' Mx. croit veg mooie. -Feireage 1827DM1827(2) 'fading grass' Mx.faiyreig. -Hough, the ("...to the Strand comprising the whole of said lands below or to the Sea side of the Mean high road"; adj. "the Beach or Sea Shore" N) 1827DM1831(5) 'heel, spur of land' OE höh. Or could it simply be ModE. hough which has been borrowed? See also Great Hough below. -Lathy Cronck Moare 1827DM1827(2) 'side of Cronk Mooar' Mx. Ihiattee Cronk Mooar. -Lhergy ne-hea (adj. HW N) 1837D01837(2) 'the kiln hillslope' Mx. Ihiargee ny h-aiee. -Magher Eneal 1821 DM 1822(3), Magher-en-ell 1837D01837(2) 'the lime field' Mx. magher yn eayl. See also Barnell above. -Magher Veg 1827DM1827(2) 'little field' Mx. -Ney Veg 1827DM1827(2) 'the little flatt' Mx. yn aaie veg. park beg (adj. MR N) 1827DM1827 (1,4) 'little pasture field' Mx. pairk beg. -two Cowans 1827DM1827(2) 'hollow' Mx. coan\ see also above. -two Curneen's (sic) 1827DM1827(2) '?little hollow' Mx. *coaneen, G. *cabhdinin. -two Magher Couans 1827DM1831(5) 'field of hollows' Mx. magher coan. -two Magher Keels 1827DM1831(5) 'narrow field' Mx. magher keyl. -CRONK MOOAR Cronk Mooar ONB1957 SC27NW SC23257928. • 'big hill' Mx. Hill feature. CRONK NA HAIE (?on Cronk Mooar) Cronk-na-haie CJC1920:3. • 'hill erf" the kiln' Mx. cronk ny h-aiee, Ir. cnoc na h-dithe. CRONK NY MRAG (adj. Balladda) Cronk ne mrag 1760D01761(1), Cronk ne Mreg (adj. QL-"the Borranes to the Mountains" NE, "...and from the

89 crooked hedge to the river and down by the River to the Lowest part of Reighn Hastle" W, "and up the Stream or Struan called...the Struan Bouilloue and from the Struan called Bouilloue on the West to the upper End of the Chrot Noa and running west on or by the hedge of the Chrot noa to the hedge that runs up from the middle of the hedge or there abouts of the Chrot Noa on the South and so up to the Mountain...") 1816DM1818(3). • 'hill of the leverets, young hares' Mx; cf. ScG. bredg, g. bredig f. 'leveret' (Dw.121) cnoc nam bredg. This, if correct, would give cronk ny mraag in Mx, as with braag 'shoe' (w. long close e) secondarily shortened; cf. also Mx. breag, breg 'lie' (w. long open e), Ir. breag. CRONK NY PHEELEY Cronk ny Pheeley MCC/1939:188. • 'hill of the peel, Peel Hill' Mx. Cronk y Pheeley. For ny for y/yn, cf. Intro. §7.13.1. In this case the len. shows that ny cannot be original. Attested in the proverb: my ta Cronk-ny-Pheeley cood.it dy niaghtey Shenn Laa Nollick-beg bee eh blein mie skeddan 'if Peel Hill is covered with snow on Old New Year's Day it will be a good year for herring' - MCC ibid, CRONK REA (on Ballaquane) [krogk'red] GB1990: Cronk Ree Gi/I:475. • 'level hill' Mx; G. cnoc reidh. High ground inland from the cliffs. CRONK SHARREY Cronk Sharrey ("adjoins the bridge (Droghad Ruy) between Dalby and the Mountain Pillars, on the road to the Round Table...") Gi/III: 192. • 'hill of foals/inland boulders' Mx. cronk sharree, G. cnoc + searraigh. Mx. sharragh 'foal' "is used for inland boulders as cabbyl 'horse' for larger cliff rocks" Gi ibid, cf. also Intro. §6. CRONK SHELLAGH, see Con Shellagh. CRONK VANE Cronk Vane ("...the summit of Barrule Veg") Gi/I:455. • 'white hill' Mx; cf. Ir. cnoc ban. CRONK VEG FN Cronk veg ("little hill field") CJC1920:29. • 'little hill (field)' Mx; cf. ScG. cnoc beag. Unidentified. CRONK VOOAR AbQL (BBS) Cronk Voar 1822DM1822(8), the Cronck voir 1829DM1831(6). See also Cronk Mooar & Knock Mooar. • 'big hill' Mx; cf. Ir. cnoc mdr. FN: the Cooil van 1829DM1831(6) 'white nook' Mx. cooil vane.

90 -the Crost {sic) veg 1822DM1822(8) 'little croft' Mx. croit veg. -the Statirey (sic) 1822DM1822(8); cf. Slot/sloc eary below. CRONK Y CAITNYS [krogks'katnas] LVC1975 SC28SW SC24108430: (M...a certain Hill called the Comon near Peele" LA 1728), Cronk y Caitnys (M...is the old Manx name of the Horse Hill [Peel Hill] on the South side of Peel Harbour, with the Horse Rock at its foot...") Gi/I:448, Beinn Buigh or Cronk y Caitnys. Ruins of a fort "built 1648 on the advice of Sir Arthur Ashton to command the castle" OS/A:245. • 'hill of the community, the community hill' Mx; G. cnoc + an coitcheannas. Also attested in the proverb: Mannagh jean y ghrian soilshen er Cronk-nyCaitnys Shenn Laa Nollick-beg cha bee eh blein mie skeddan 'if the sun does not shine on Cronk y Chaitnys on Old New Year's Day it will not be a good year for herring' - MCC/1939:188. CRONK Y CHISHTEY QL (TR-Alia Dalby) Knock Kishty LCB1704, Knock-E-Chistey GE1734/35DM1738(16), Cronk-E-Chistey (pt. QL-Ballacooil) 1835D01837(1). • 'hill of the cist/chest-shaped stone' Mx; Ir. cnoc an chiste. Marstrander (NTS/VI: 212-13) argues for ON kisia 'chest' "figuratively used to describe big, flat, square rocks...". See also Knock Usky & Knock y Chishtey CRONK Y DIAL FN Cronk-y-dial ("hill field with a number of small rocky mounds which cast shadows on Trelja") CJC1920:29. • 'hill of the (sun)dial' Eng. So called probably for above reasons. See also Trelja. CRONK Y GAREE (Bishop's Barony, adj. Ballaspick & Ballabrooie) Cronk-E-gairee 1762DM1763(1), Cronk Ε Gairee 1767DO1767(5), Cronk e Garey 1820DM1822(5,6). • *hill of the sourland' Mx. CRONK Y KING (pel. on Kerroocottle/Ardole) [krofjka'kuj] RC/NC1991, but [krogkdtjtg] BP1993 (heard from LVC; cf. entry for 1794 below): Cronk e King 1752DM1752(1), Cronkneking 1778D01778(1), Cronk Ε King 1778 DM1783(1), Cronk Ε Tching 1794D01794(1), Cronk Ε King 1822DO 1822(2), Cronk-E-King 1830DM1831(2), Cron a Khing Foxdale CS 1871,

91 Cronk y King ("...a mound, field and house at Lower Foxdale...") Gi/I:455, Cronk-e-King ONB1956 SC27NE Cottage at SC27117953. • 'hill of the head (i.e. mound or some sort of projection out of the ground)'; cf. ScG. cnoc a' chirm. The palatalised form [krogkatjtg] could repr. G. cnoc an t-sinn 'hill of the ancient (mound)' or something similar; cf. note in Gi/I:455 above, or simply 'hill of the sick man' Ir. cnoc an tinn. FN: Close Horn 1794D01794{2) 'the barley enclosure' Mx. close ny h-oarn. Other FN: Airport, Top Ryegrass, Archie's Lower, Hay, Lower Ballanass 1, Lower Ballanass 2, Lambing Fs KN1976. Int.: the "Close" 1822D01822(2) 'enclosure' Mx. CRONK Y LHEEANEY Cron (sic) [cronk] y Lheeaney (adj. Glen Rushen River) Gi/I:452. • 'hill of the meadow' Mx. cronk y Iheeannee, cf. G. cnoc + an Manaidh. CRONK Y VATE [krogksVit] GB1990: Cronk y Vate ("...a field on Doarlish Cashen...") Gi/III:193. • '?hill of the beet' Mx. w. Eng.dial. See also on Ballahutchin. CRONK Y VERD, etc, cf. Creggan Mooar above. CRONK Y WATCH [krjgkaV^tJ] JI1990: Cronk y Watch CHC/VI:208. • 'hill of the watch' Mx. w. Big. A small hill on Knockaloe; cf. also Amogarry. CRONK Y WYLLIN (on QL-Knockaloe Beg) Cronk e willin 1778DM 1785(5), Cronk Ε wellian (adj. Road N) 1796D01796(1), cronk Ε willan 1802DM1802(2). • 'hill of the mill' Mx; G. cnoc a' mhmlimt CRONK YN ILLIU Cronk yn Illioo Gi/I:463. • Second element obscure. Another name for Cronk yn Irree Laa; cf. Kirk Christ Rushen. CRONK Υ NIANNAN Cronk y Niannan DR1766, 1840 (in JJK342). Unidentified. • Second element obscure; form suggests /njanan/, rather than /nianan/, as Kneen indicates with his suggestion of the lost pers. name Ο Naoidheanäin. This, however, could be a misreading of ny mannan 'of the kids'. CROSH PHARLANE Crosh pha-lhane (sic) [pharlane] CJC1920:30.

92 • 'Bartholemew's cross' Mx; Ir. crois Pharthaloin. On Ballachrink (Quane). CROSS BANE Cross bane (adj. Dreeym Dalby S) LA 1761. • 'white cross' Mx; cf. ScG. crois bhän. CROSS VEIN [krg:sVe:n] JB1990, [kra:sVe:n] NC 1991, [kra:sVein], [kra:/ Vein] LC1991: Cross-Vane [leadmines] CS 1861, Cross Vein ONB1957 SC27NE SC26357807. Disused leadmine. -CROSS VEIN ROAD (from Shoulder Road to Cross Vein Mine) Cross Vein Rd CS 1881 CROSS'S CLOSE (Int. 16; Silv. Cross; pt. of Kockaloe Beg) Cross (sic) Close LCB1704, Crosses Close LA1709.1716, 1721, 1728, 1740, Cross[']s Close LA 1750, Cross's Close LA 1761,1783, Crosse's Close LA 1795/6, Crosses Close LA 1816-1911. CROT Ε KELLIE (nr. PL) Crot e Kellie 1772DM 1773(1). • 'Kelly's croft' Mx. Croity Kelly, G. Croit 'ic Ceallaigh. CROT KERE Crot kere ("Top of Bamell") CJC1920:32. • 'croft on the left (west)' Mx. croit kiare; ScG. croit chearr. CROT NY YEANNI (on Creggan Mooar) Crot ny Yeanni CJC 1920:8. • 'the Irishmen's croft' Mx. croit ny Yernee, cf. Ir. tireannach, -aigh 'Irishman'. CROT RICHARD (Int. in Glen Rushen) Crot Richard 1732D01732(1). • 'Richard's croft' Mx. croit + Eng. forename. CROT SANDY (pel. AbQL of BBS in Dalby) Crot Sandy 1732D01733(1). • 'Sandy's/Alexander's croft' Mx. croit. CROT UNJIN Crot Unjin ("is a long abandoned holding in Glen Chaltun ("the Sound"), on the South side of the stream called Awin Jim Billy and opposite Dub ny Bunt or Punt...") Gi/III: 193. • 'ash(tree) croft' Mx. croit unjin, cf. ScG. uinnseann 'ashtree'. CROTCH A DAA FING FN Crotch a daa fuig (sic) [fing] ("on the tops above Bamell") CHC/I:53a. • 'croft of the two pennies (rental)' Mx. croit y daa phing, G. croit + a dha pheighinn.

93 CROTT KALLIN VANE (Int. adj. Dalby Mountain) Crotte Kallin vane ("adjoining to the mountains") (Roger Callin) LCB1704, ("parcel of intacks adjoining the mountains" ?nr. Ballacallin) JJK343. • 'Fair-haired Callin's croft' or 'white Croit Callin' Mx. Croity Callin Vane. See also Croit inney Callin Vooar. CROTT KILL CROW Crott-Kill-Crow ("to be Glebe of KK. Patrick as formerly") EF.27.05.1712. • 'croft of ?Cruimther's church' Mx. Croit Keeill Crawe\ cf. Keeill Cragh. CROTT MADDRELL (adj. Knock y Chishtey) Crot Maddrell, Crott Maddrell 1761D01761(2). • 'Maddrell's croft' Mx. croit Maddrell. CROTT Y COMISH (Int. in Glen Rushen; cf Comaish's Place) Crott y Cornish 1728DM1730(3). • 'Cornish's croft' Mx. croit y Comish, ScG croit 'ic Thomais. CRYE'S GARDEN (Int. 12; ?in Glen Maye) Crys garden LCB1704, Cry's garden LA 1709, Cryes garden LA 1716-1740, Crys Garden LA 1750, 1858, Cry's Garden LA 1783, 1816. CUBBON BAUM'S (?in Glen Rushen) [kgbanbgmz] (sic) JB1990. Possibly connected with Pierre Baum's residence at Doarlish Cashin during the 19th century. CURRAGH BANE (Int. 161; on Archallaghan) [korekVen] BP1993 Curragh bane on Chollaghan LA 1783(1786), Curragh Bane LA 1795/6, Curragh bane LA 1816-1869. • 'white curragh' Mx; G. currach bdn. Part in Patrick & part in German. CURRAGH GLASS (Int.33,34; adj. Greeba GE & HW:DG-PL); see under Kirk German. CURRAGH HI AR (Int. 171; ?adj. Dalby Mountain) Curragh Hiar LA 1783(1785), Curragh Hair LA 1795/6, Curragh fair LA 1816, Curragh Fair LA 1858,1869. • 'east curragh' Mx; cf. G. currach sear. The forms with/- are quite clearly misreadings of Λ-. CURRAGH INNEY GAWNE (Int. adj. Ν end of Curragh y Cubbon) Curraugh Inney Gawn LA 1740(1746), Curraugh Inny Gawn LA 1750, Curraugh Inny Gawn LA 1761.

94 • 'Gawne's daughter's curragh' Mx. CURRAGH KNOAW (Int.) Curragh Knoaw (adj. Lhargy Mooar; Com/Mtn S, Com.N.W) 1825DM1825(4). • 'new curragh' Mx. curragh noa, G. currach ma. CURRAGH MALLOW (Int. 157; adj. Knock y Chishtey) Curragh Mallow LA 1783(1785)-1869. '?rough curragh' Mx. curragh mollagh', G. currach molachcf. also Lough Mollow. CURRAGH NE SCRAY (in Glen Rushen) Curragh ne s k r a y 1815D01816(3). • 'curragh of the green sods/scraws' Mx. curragh ny scraa\ Ir. currach na scratha. CURRAGH POT MINE (adj. Kionslieau) Curragh Pot Mine 1771DO 1772(1). • 'Pot Mine Curragh' w. Mx. word order. CURRAGH ROAD (?adj. Glen Maye) the Curragh Road 1831DM1832(2). CURRAGH Y CLAGUE (Int.26; adj. Arrasy) Curragh e Clague LCB 1704, Curragh a Clague LA 1709, Curraugh a Clague LA 1716, 1721, Curraugh e Clague LA 1728-1761, Courough a Clague 1734D01736(2), Curragh e clague LA 1816, Curragh e Clague LA 1858, Curragh Ε Clague LA 1783, 1869-1911. • 'Clague's curragh* Mx. CURRAGH Y CUBBON (Int. 137; on AbQL-Ballahutchin) [kgrekekoban] GB1993 SC27NW SC23127810: Curraugh e Cubon LA1740(1746), Curraugh e Cubon LA 1750, Curraugh-e.Cubon LA 1761, Curragh Ε Cubbon LA 1783, 1795, Curragh e Cubbon LA 1816, 1858, Curragh Ε Cubbon LA 1869-1911. • 'Cubbon's curragh' Mx. CURRAGH Y 1745DM1747(2).

FFIER (Int. in Glen Rushen) Curragh Ε ffier

• '?curragh of the ravens' Mx. curragh ny feeagh\ ScG. currach nam fidheach. An example of early loss of -r attested by its unhistorical presence.

95

D DALBY TR (today a district name extending from Ballachrink south to the Rushen parish boundary, and eastwards to Dalby Mountain) [delpi], [do:ßi] HLSM/I:501, [d?:bi], [da:bi] lp 1990/91: Dalby LA1515-1911, Dellebe FE/1570, Dalby LCB1704, Dawby 17080D20Jul708, Dauby GE1717DM 1734(14), 1732D01733(1), 1735DM1736(1), 1740D01740(7), 1741DM 1742(5), Dawby 1750DM 1752(3), 1833DM1834(6), Dauby MSun 15.06. 1838, Daulby GEI831 DM1832(9), Dalby 1846D01846(1), Daby (sic) 1841 DO1847(6), Dalby CS1871, Dalby [Village] CS1881, Dalby CS1891, Dalby ONB1957 SC27NW SC22027829. District & village name. • 'dale farm' probably ON dalr + by, but possibly a loan from the Danelaw in the late Viking period or later. The pronunciation [a:], as attested by some spellings, for -al- is typically English, cf. Salford [sofad], Dalby (Yorkshire North Riding) [do:bi] (EPNS 29); cf. also Marstrander (NTS/VI: 206-07) & Kneen (JJK343). The 'dale' in question would likely be the great glen running down from Dalby Mountain and following the course of the Lag or Dalby River out to Niarbyl Bay. Dalby lies at the mouth of this glen. See also Great Hough -DALBY BRIDGE, cf. Juan y Clery's Bridge. -DALBY LAG Dalby Lag ("valley through which flows the Dalby river") CJC 1920:5. -DALBY MOUNTAIN (Int. area) SC27NW. Centred at SC23577755: Dawby mountain 1754DM1756(1), Dauby Mountain 1764D01766(2), 1778 DM 1778(3), 1772DM1778(8), 1779DM 1779(3), 1782DM1785(4), Daulby Mountain 1786DM1786(1), Daulby mountains (iic) 1783DM1786(2), Dalby Mountain 1814DM1816(4), 1828DO1828(1), Dauby Mountain 1828DO 1828(4), Dauby Mountain 1842D01842(1), Dalby Mountain ONB1957. See also Dreeym Dalby & (Purt) Massool. -DALBY MOUNTAIN PILLARS Dalby Mountain Pillars FR1993. Just above Corrody on QL-Borraine on the road from Dalby to the Round Table. -DALBY POINT Dalby Point ONB1957 SC27NW SC21107873. Coastal prominence. -DALBY RIVER, cf. Lag River.

96 -DALBY ROAD (new road from Glen Maye-Dalby) Dalby Road CS1891. DALEURA [dalqxa] JB1990 SC27NW SC21727531: Da Leura ONB1957. Beach. • 'long holes' Mx.thuill liauyrey; cf. Ir. tuill leabhra. The voicing of t here is probably due to lack of stress. -DALEURA GIARE (on Eary Cushlin) SC27NW SC21617515: Deleura giare AM/K. • 'short Daleura' Mx. -DALEURA LIAUYR (on Eary Cushlin shore) SC27NW SC21727532: Deleura liauyr AM/K. • 'long Daleura' Mx. The qualifier liauyr (and giare in the preceding entry) would likely be added when Daleura had ceased to have any transparent meaning. DAM ROAD (short road up from Dalby village SC27NW starting at SC21957825 [öa da:m ro:d], [öa 'tfem ro:d] KG1990. DAN'S QUARRY Dan's Quarry FR1993. On Peel Hill, so named from the slate trial of ex-press-ganged man Dan Goldsmith - FR1993. DARRICK Darrick ("a turf hole adjoining main road near Clieu moar") CJC1920:21. • 'bog-oak' Mx. darrag, ScG. darag. DAWLISH ARD, see Doarlish Ard. DEADMAN'S POOL Deadman's Pool NC1993, ("just below Ballagill, supposed to be bottomless. Man drowned himself in this pool") BP1993. DECGAM (rock on Gordon shore) SC28SW SC22778132: Decgam (sic) FLS/IX.9,10. • 'crooked ?' Mx. ? cam. First element obscure. DIXON'S VEIN [dtkssnz'vEdn] JB1990 SC27NE SC26827797: Dixon's Vein ONB1957 . Old leadmine; cf. also BGQS: 61,81,85-87. DOARLISH (on Niarbyl rocks) SC27NW SC20937753: Doarlish AM/K. • 'gap' Mx; cf. ScG. doirling '...narrow sound separating an islet from the mainland, and liable to ebb dry' (Dw.349). For the Mx. refl. in -ish, cf. Ir. aisling 'dream', Mx. ashlish. DOARLISH ARD (Int. adj. Ballagill) [dolifad] PK1991, [doili/ecd] NC 1991, [dodtfoid] fp 1990/91 SC27NE SC27017832: Doarelish ard foxdale

97 1768DM1774(2), the Dorlish Ard 1794DM1794(1), Dorlish ard 1785DM 1794(3), Dorlish Ard 1807D01813(2), Dalish Ard Gaz.14.10.1813, the Dorlish ard 1824DM1825(2), the Dorlish Aid 1825DO1825(2), Doarlish-ard MSun 21.05.1833, Doarlish Aird 1833D01834(1), Dorlish Ard 1838DO 1838(1), Doolishard 1844DM 1845(1), Dorlishard CS1861, Doarlishard Foxdale CS1871, Daurlisheard CS1881, Dawlashard CS1891, Dawlish Ard ONB1956. Small farmhouse. • 'high gap* Mx. For the development of /a/ to [0], [0:] in the environment of r- clusters, cf. Intro. §7.23. DOARLISH CASHEN (Int. adj. Dalby Mountain) [dodtf'kaijsn], [doilij ka:/an] lp 1990/91, [dolifkaifan] KG 1990, [dydtfkagan] WQ1990, [daiilt/kai/sn] RK1990 SC27NW SC23247835: Dorlish Chashin 1762DM 1764(1), Dorlish-chasen 1799D01799(5), the dorlish chashin 1810DM1812 (1), Dorlish Chasen 1812DM 1813(2), the Dorlish Cashin 1821 DM1822(9), the Durlish hadgin (adj. "Dauby mountain" S) 1832DO1832(1), Dorlish Cashen or Creggan Ashen (adj. Mountain E) 1846DO1846(1), Dorlish Cashin CHC/I:125a, Durlish Cashin CS1851, Doarlish Cashen ONB1957. Fmhs. now demolished. • 'gorse gap' Mx. doarlish aittin\ cf. the entry for 1832. So far as I am able to ascertain, no family or families of Cashens or Cashins seem to have had any connection with the place at all. The farm seems to have had a period of association with Creggan Ashen (qv), evidently as an intack thereto (cf. entry for 1846 above) and may have derived its name from it. FN: Cronk y Vate Gi/I:454-55 'hill of the beet' Eng; cf. also on Ballahutchin. -Lag y Loghan Gi/I:454-55 'hollow of the small lake/pool' Mx. -Peesh Veg Gi/III:221 'little piece' Mx. -Phund Dan (adj. Rd to the Sound) Gi/I:454-55 4?Dan's pound' Mx. The h here may simply express post-aspiration after initial p. -Shen Thalloo ("...near the mountain gate. A house once stood here, which...may explain the name") Gi/I:454-55 'old land' Mx. shenn thalloo. -Slot Eairy (qv) ("adjoins the road to the Sound") Gi/I:454-55; cf. Slogh Eary below. -Thalloo Noa Gi/I:454-55 'new land' Mx.

98 -The Braggan Gi/I:454-455 'partly ploughed area' Mx. brackan. -the Garies [geiriz] AK1991 'sourlands' Mx. -TUT Veg Gi/I:454-55 'little bleaching-green' Mx. thoar veg. -Willya Wooar ("Ballelby gill") Gi/I:454-55 'the big fold' Mx. y woaillee vooar. DOARLISH CURREE

Doarlish Curree ("on the Glen Meay - Slieau Whallin

road") JJK344. • 'marsh gap' Mx. DOARLISH HEAD

Doarlish Head (obsol.) ONB1956 SC27NE. Former QL

centred at SC27257827; cf. Doarlish Ard. DOARLISH

M O O AR

(adj. Creggan Mooar) Μ^ιΙιΓ'ιηρίθ]

GK1990,

[dödif'mpia] WQ1990, [dydt/'m^a] GC1991 [03 'dgrltf, ά γ ΐ φ KG 1990 SC27NW SC21977741: Doarlish Mooar ("...the first cottages on the Bayr Mooar Northward of the Cregganmooar") Gi/I:472, Doarlish Mooar ONB 1957 SC27NW SC21957712. Group of buildings. • 'big gap' Mx; cf. Dorlish Vooar. DOBBEY EMMY CODDEAR

(nr. Glen Maye) Dobbey Emmy Coddear

1817DM1821(4). • 'Emmy Watterson's dub' Mx. dubbey Emmy Kodhere, G. Mac Uatair, w. final stress in the Mx. refl, viz. *[k3'de:]. See also Emmy Kodhere's House. DOOAG

(adj. Ballachrink DA, adj. Cain's River E) Dwaig 1809DO1809(4),

Dooag 1812DM1812(1), Dwoages (adj. River E, Cronk Mooar S) 1816DO 1817(1), Dwoages (Cott./3 fs. adj River E, Cronk Mooar S) 1828DO 1828(7). • 'deep/dark pool' Mx; ScG. dubhag, or '(place of the) black cow' (dooag K) (cf. dhormag 'brown cow' C), i.e. < small black thing, a 'pool' as opposed to a 'river'. The 1809 form implies final stress, viz. *dubhög, with complete reduction of the first syllable. -DOOAGS ROAD

Dooags Road ("a green trackway") Gi/III:196. Adjoining

the Sound, qv. DOOGAN

Doogan ("...is a name belonging to the steep hillside overlooking

Glen May village from the South...") Gi/III: 196. • 'blackness, black area' Mx. dooghan 'black place, abyss' (K); ScG. dubhagcui.

99 DORLISH VOOAR (pt. QL-Borraine) Dorlish Vooar 1791DM1792(1). • 'big gap' Mx; cf. Doarlish Mooar. DREEM BUOY Dreem-buoy ("back like rock near Niarbyl") CJC1920:27. • 'yellow back/ridge' Mx. dreeym buigh, ScG. druim buidhe. See also Dreem Wee. DREEM LANG Dreem lang ("a rock-long back shape situated on Ballaquane shore") CJC1920:26. • '?long back/ridge' Mx. dreeym, Ir. droim, ScG. druim, + Eng.dial. lw lang 'long' w. G. word order. This sort of hybrid does not occur often, though the name does, e.g. in Marown & Maughold. See also next DREEM LANG Dreem lang CHC/I:32b, Dreem Long (J/C) ONB1957 SC28SW SC22898194. • 'long ridge/back'. See also above. Rock feature on Knockaloe shore just north of Traie Cabbag; cf. also above. DREEM WEE Dreem wee CJC 1920:25. • 'yellow back/ridge' Mx. dreeym wuigh. Rock at Niarbyl Point. See also Dreem Buoy. DREEYM DALBY (Int. 151; mountain area) Drim Delby 1754DM1756(2), Dream Dalby LA 1761,1783, Dreem Dalby (Int.) LA 1750(1752), Drim Dalby (151) LA 1795/6, 1816, 1858, 1869, 1891, 1901, 1911. • 'Dalby ridge' Mx; i.e. Dalby Mountain. DROGHAD KEEILL CRAWE Droghad Keeil Crew CHC/I:121b, Droghad Keeill Cragh ONB1957 SC28SW. • 'bridge of/by ?Cruimther's chapel' Mx; cf. Olr. cell cruimthir 'priest's cell, chapel'. Applies to a bridge over a stream at SC24538210, next to Ballamooar. DROGHAD RUY (bridge on Bayr Noa) SC27NW SC22907758: Droghad Ruy ("...makes a sharp turn, gloomy with fir trees. Here the Bayr Noa crosses a fork of the Lag Mooar...") Gi/I:461, AM/DC on C. • 'red bridge' Mx; G. drochaid + ruaidh. DROGHAD Y CHAGGEY FUILTAGH Droghad y chaggey fuiltagh ("Near Kirk Patrick Church. Perhaps records the Battle of Santwat...") JJK630

100 • 'bridge of the bloody battle' Mx. Incident name. No other reference to this is, so far as I am aware, attested. DUB NY BUNT Dub ny Bunt Gi/III: 193. Opposite Awin Jim Billy (qv) in Glen Chaltun. • '?dub/pool of the pounds' Mx. dubbey ny bunt, w. eclipsis in g.pl.. See also Dubbar y Bunt. -DUBBAN Y BUNT Dubban y Bunt CHC/1:126a. • *?little pool of the pounds'. See also Dub ny Bunt. -DUBBAR Y BUNT Dubbar y Bunt (A deep and narrow channel at the Sound end of Glion Darragh; "...a name also given to the field adjoining it on the East side") Gi/I:453. • '?dub of the pounds' Mx. dubbey ny bunt. See also Dub ny Bunt DUBBHA GUL MANE Dubbha-gul-mane (sic) ("...at quarry on Glenmaye shore road") CJC1920:19. • 'the pigeons' dub' Mx. dubbey ny galmane, G. dubadh na gcolmdn, w. eclipsis in g. pi. DUL USHTEY Dul Ushtey JJK334, ONB1957 SC27NW SC21507602. Small inlet. • 'dulse water' Mx; cf. G. duille uisce. DURLISHERN Durlishern ("hollow or channel gap over which sea flows at certain states of the tide, situate on the Niarbyl point") CJC1920:24. • 'false, illusory/wide gap' Mx.doarlish eayn\ cf. feayn, cf. G.faon 'supine; weak; flat or level part' (Di.426), i.e. a gap with no permanent shape to it. Ε Ε AR Y (Foxdale) [ειτί] RC/NC1991 SC27NE SC29737780: Airey CS 1851, Eairy ONB1956. Small district. • 'shieling, summer residence for herdsmen, mountain pasture' Mx; Ir. dirghe, ScG. äiridh. For an assessment of this element in Manx PN, cf. Megaw Ε 1978. EARY (Int. adj. Mullagh Vedn Road N; obsol., now demolished) [εχϊ] Ip 1990/91 SC27NW SC24997981: the Nary 1737DM1739(7), the Arie 1764

101 DO1766(4), Earie 1831DM 1832(2), the Airy 1833DM1834(4), the Neary MSun 26.03.1833, Eary CS1841-1871, 1891, Eairy ONB1955. • 'shieling' Mx. FN: Kione a Baaren FLS/IX.14: 1005 'end of the roads' Mx. kione ny bayryn. -Marchubit FLS/FB;PA nd [ca.1951] 'well field' Mx. magher chibbyrt. -Mullagh Bane FLS/XII.14: 979 'white summit' Mx. -Thalloo Cain FLS/FB:PA nd [ca.1951] 'Cain's land' Mx. -Thalloo Losh FLS/XII.14: 1231 'burnt land' Mx. thalloo losht. -Vooil e Vane FLS/FB:PA nd [ ca.1951] 'the white fold' Mx. y woaillee vane. Other FN: Clague's Meadow 1833DM1834(4), Bottom Arrasy FLS/XI..14: 1123, Bottom Thalloo Cain FLS/ XII.14: 1121, Top Arrasy FLS/XII.14: 1197, Top Thalloo Cain FLS/XII. 14: 1196. EARY BANE Eary Bane ("near the Trolly Pot") FR1993. • 'white shieling' Mx. EARY BRAAID (by Arrasy) [εϊΐΤ)Γε:ά], [eaibreäd] JB1990 Earey-braid BD1882. • 'shieling on the breast of the hill, at the pass' Mx; G. dirghe + bräghad, bräghaid. EARY CUSHLIN QL (TR-Alia Dalby) teai kQjlan] lp 1990/91, [ετί kojnsn] AK1991: the Aery Cushlin 1751D01751(5), Eary Cuslin (sic) 1768 D01777(3), Airy Cushlin 1792DM 1793(2), Eary Cushlin MSun 06.05.1832, Eary [Cushlin] CS1841, Eary Cushlin 1843D01845(4), 1847D01847(2), Eiry Cushlin 1847D01847(3), Eary Cushlin CS1851, 1881, 1891, Eary Cushlen CS 1861, Earey Cushlin LA 1869-1901, Eary Cushlin ONB1956 SC27NW. Applies to house situated at SC22377577. See also Thalloo Cushlin. • 'Cosnahan's shieling' Mx; G. airghe Ui ChosnachainJChoisneachain. See also Ballacosnahan for dissimilation -EARY CUSHLIN BROOGHS, cf. Eaynin Mooar. EARY GLEN (descends from Droghad Ruy towards the Lag River) SC27NW centred on SC22607712: Eary Glen AM/DC on C. • 'shieling glen' Mx, w. Eng. word order, and so likely a modern name.

102 EAYNIN Eanin, Eanyn CJC 1920:28. • 'precipice, edge' Mx; cf. ScG. aonach 'steep height, moorland'. See also Eaynin Mooar. EAYNIN MOOAR (Int. 54, S of Eary Cushlin) the Enning Mooar 1785DO 1787(1), Enning mooar 1791DM1793(5), Ennin Mooar TP1840, WA1867, Ennyn Mooar ("Eary Cushlin Broog[h]s") CHC/I:llb, the Ennin Moar CHC/I:53a, Eaynin Mooar AM/K. • 'big precipice' Mx. Also known as Eary Cushlin Brooghs. EDMUND'S SHAFT Edmund's Shaft ("300 yds from Beckwith's Vein by Ballacottier") FR1993. Old lead mine. ELBY POINT Elby point ("...a deep water rock much frequented by anglers, near the Niarbyl") CJC1920:25, Elby Point ONB 1957 SC27NW SC21047772. Small headland. • For a discussion of this name see under Ballelby above. ELLAN [alan] GB1990, JC1991: Allen, eilen ("rock near Glen maye shore surrounded by water when tide is in") CJC1920:28. • 'island' Mx; ScG. eilean. ELLAN CROOBAGH (off southern-most tip of Creggan Mooar) SC27NW SC21447569: Elian croobagh AM/K. • 'club-footed island' (from its shape) Mx; G. eilean + crubach. See also Gob yn Elian. ELLAN NY BRACE Ellan-ny-brace ("island formed by streams meeting near source of G[len] R[ushen] river") CJC 1920:8. • 'island of the potatoes' Mx. praase 'potato', ellan ny braase, w. eclipsis in g· piELLAN NY MAGHOL Ellan ny Maughol ONB 1957 SC28SW SC2251 8118. Rock feature. • 'island of the crooks' Mx. baghyl 'crook', ellan ny maghyl, w. eclipsis in g. pi; cf. G. oiledn na mbachall. Unless we wish to see some ecclesiastical significance here, w. ON bagall (< G. bachall < L. baculum) w. the sense 'staff, crozier', as in Icelandic. EMMY QUATERES HOUSE (Cott./Int. in Glen Maye) Enny (sic) Quateres house 1739DM1739(5).

103

• 'Emmy Kodhere's house'. See also Dobbey Emmy Coddear. ENNIN MOOAR, cf. Eaynin Mooar

F FAMINE ROAD The Famine Road ("starts from the Round Table and crosses the North-West side of Barrule to join the Bayr Mullagh Vane... ; the reference may be to the Irish famine of 1847-48") Gi/I:143. Now known as the Shoulder Road, qv. FEATHERS HILL Feathers Hill ("at Lower Foxdale, track from road up to houses") BP1993. FENELLA BEACH ONB1956 SC28SW SC24138444. Beach formed against the causeway to St. Patrick's Isle. Modern name deriving from Sir Walter Scott's novel Peveril of the Peak, first published Edinburgh 1831. FHEUSTAL, cf. Hastal. FISHERMAN'S

CHAPEL Fisherman's chapel ("down below Eary

Cushlin, near a little cliff close to waterfall") BP1993. FLESH WICK BEG Fleshwick beg ("...situate on Ballacallin shore") CJC1920:23. • 'little Fleshwick' Mx. See also Fleshwick RU. FOLESTOLES Folestoles ("'ol' as in "polka"; a place in the Sound...below the Dooags road") Gi/III:203. • Obscure, unless we read Foalstones, a translation of Ny Sharree 'the foals' ? See also Intro. §6. FOXDALE (district) [foksdal] JM/EM/RC1991, [foksdeal], [foksded] f p 1990/91, [faiksdel] JB1990SC27NE Formerly centred at SC27657940. Village centred at SC27867805: ffoxdaile, ffoxdayle LCB1704, foxtle 1724 DM1725U), ffoxdaile LA1728(1731), Foxdale 1729DM 1731(3), Foxdell 1729DM1729 (4), Foxtal 1731 DO1732(2), foxtill 1734DM 1735(1), ffoxdale LA 1740, Foxdale 1741D01742(2), Foxdale MSun 31.07.1835, Foxdale LA 1858, Foxdale CS1851.1871, Foxdale Village CS1861, 1881, 1891, Foxdale (obsol.) ONB1956. "The 'dale' is now considered as two separate areas, i.e. Foxdale and Lower Foxdale" ONB ibid. • 'waterfall dale/valley' ON fors dalr, w.foss interpreted quite early as fox.

104 See also the Mx. form Fostal below.The same feature is incorporated in the Mx, farm-name Ballanass 'waterfall farm' (qv). FO-Brookfield CS1871, Castletown Rd CS1891, Church Road CS1891, Douglas Road CS1871, Eary Road CS1891, East Foxdale Rd CS1881, Kion slieu Rd CS 1871, Marguerite Ter CS 1891, Min[eral] Ter[race] Road CS1881, Mine Road CS1871-1891, Mineral Terrace CS1861-1891. -FOSTAL [fq:s03l] MTT/IFC41:5(Tommy Leece, Kerrookeil AR) 'Foxdale'. Mx. form derived from ON fors dalr\ cf. above. -FOXDALE (Dale and glen) Foxdale ONB1957 SC27NE SC27627978. Originally extending from Upper Foxdale right through to The Hope. -FOXDALE FELL GATE (Int.52 adj.) ffoxdale ffell gate LA 1750, ffoxdale fell Gate LA 1761, Foxdale ffell Gate LA 1783, Foxdale Gate LA 1816, Foxdale Fell Gate LA 1858-1911. • As this Intack name is quite late, "gate" here is likely to mean just that, i.e. a gap in the mountain hedge, rather than the ON lw gata 'path, road'. -FOXDALE GILL ffoxdaile Gill LA1721-1783, Foxdale Gill LA1795/61911. • 'Foxdale ravine' ON gil 'a deep narrow glen with a stream at bottom' (CV. 199) borrowed into NEng, the likely Manx source. -FOXDALE MINES Foxdale mines ONB1957 SC27NE SC28387808. Disused lead & silver mines. The mine shafts were: Louisa, Old Flappy, Maghie's, Old Upper Foxdale, Old Lower Foxdale - FR1993; cf. also BGQS1972. -LOWER FOXDALE Lower Foxdale CS 1891, Lower Foxdale ONB1956 SC27NE. District SC27767939. -UPPER FOXDALE Upper Foxdale MAdv. 15.02.1812. About a mile to the south of Lower Foxdale. FREEAGH Freeagh JJK346 FM off Peel Castle. See under Fishing Marks off Peel.

G GAIREE

BAYN (Int. S of Lhiargee Ballaspick) the Gairee

1762DM1763(3).

bayn

105 • 'white sourland' Mx. garee bane. Mx. garey [gera] 'enclosure, garden' derives from ON gardr 'enclosure, yard'. But garee 'sourland' implies a derivative of gyere (Ir. gear, ScG. geur) 'sharp, sour'. G. [a:] gives [ε:] in Mx, as does [e:] before r, and is written the same way, cf. maarliagh 'robber' Ir. mäirleach\ maardeyrys 'fornication, prostitution' Ir. miirdreachas. In the Mx. reflexes it is quite difficult at times to differentiate between the two from their various orthographic representations. GARAY NE CLAUDEY (in Glen Maye) Garay ne Claudey (adj. Rd/River E) 1821D01828(5). • 'the claddagh enclosure, garden' Mx. garey yn c(h)laddee, G. garadh an chladaich. For ny for y/yn see Intro. §7.13.1. GAREE DOO (Int. nr. Foxdale) the Garydow LCB1704, gary doo LA 1709, the Garey doo LA 1721, 1728, Garrey doo LA 1750, Garey doo LA 17401783. • 'black sourland' Mx. The dow form for 1704 would repr. the Northern pron. of Mx. doo (cf. HLSM/II: 121, s.v. dhoo). GAREE KARRAN (Int.4; in Glen Maye) gary Karran LCB1704, Gary Carran LA 1709, gary Carran LA 1716, Garey Carran LA 1721, Gary Carran LA 1761-1795, Garey Carran LA1728, Gare Karran 1814DM1817(1), gare Carran 1831 DM1834(9), Garey Carran LA1816-1911. • 'Karran's sourland/garee' Mx. GAREY the (adj. Arrasy S) [geai], [öa'gexi] lp 1990/91 (pel. adj. Arrasy & "the Glen Called the Sthoggay") the Garey 1831DM1835(1), Garey ONB1957 SC27NE. District centred at SC25307977. • 'sourland' Mx. GAREY NO A (Int. 12,19 at Glen Maye) gara noe LCB1704, Garey noa LA 1716, garey noa LA 1721, Garey noa LA1728, 1740, 1761, 1816, 1858, Garey Noa LA1750,1795/6,1858-1911. • 'new garden' Mx. The form gara 1704 would indicate garey 'garden'. GAREY PHUNDAIL Garey Phundail ("...a small enclosure on the North side of the ford over the Lag river on the Bayr Mooar") Gi/I:465, Gara-ful-

106 thane/daal ("a small triangular piece of land enclosed on two sides by walls & the other by the river at the Lagg") CJC1920:33. • 'pinpound garden' Mx. GAREY (YN) SLAT Garrey yn Slat ("...It used to be full of Osier Trees & was a great place for fairies to take in...") CHC/1:123a, Garey Slat ("Down below Bellelby was a cottage where Kelly Black Shirt lived. The place was called Garey Slat (as at Gordon)...") CHC/1:136a. • 'osier garden' Mx; cf. Ir. garrdha + slat 'rod'. GAREY SLAT, cf. Osier Gardens (Gordon). GARREY NY CROY (Int. at Glen Maye, adj. Pub.Rd. SW, Dubbey Emmy Kodhere NE) Garrey ne Cray 1817DM1821(4). • 'the clay garden/enclosure' Mx. garey ny cray\ G. garadh na ere. GARYE GARROW (Int. TR-Gourdan) Garye garrow GE17010D2(47). • 'rough sourland' Mx. garee garroo. GEINNAGH DOO Geinnagh Doo ("below Eary Cushlin at Lhag ny Killey") CHC/IV:318 (ex Tommy Leece, Dalby 23.10.1931). • 'Mack sandy place' Mx; ScG. gaineach dubh. GIANT'S GRAVE (on St. Patrick's Isle) the Giant's Grave ONB1957 SC28SW SC24188463. Mound. GIB, the (field in front of the City) [öa 'gib] RC1990. • 'wedge-shape (field)' Eng.dial. GILL, the [öa 'gil] NC 1993. River & ravine running from Doarlish Ard to Foxdale, cf. Foxdale Gill. GILL'S INTACK [güz'intak] NQ1991 SC27NW centred at SC23767858. Adjoining Glion Darragh. GLACK GLEADAN (Int.) Glack Gleadan LCB1704. • 'clean hollow' Mx. glack glen\ G. glac gldn. For the occurrence of preocclusion in the Mx. refl. cf. Intro. §7.21. GLAN POUL SOLLAUGH (adj. Kerroodhoo DA) Glan poul-sollaugh 1789DM1790(1). • 'glen of the dirty pool' Mx. glion pooyll sollagh, cf. Ir. gleann + poll salach. The form suggests *powl like towl 'hole'. GLANMORE RIVER Glanmore River 1768DM1768(4). • Mx. glion mooar.

107 Between Glen Rushen & Glen Maye. See also Glen Mooar & Owen y lhagin. GLEBE Glebe DR1710 (in JJK346), Glebe Vicarage [f.Ballaquiggin/Ballaharrison] CS 1851. FN: Faaie Mooar JJK346 'big flatt' Mx. -Faaie Veg JJK346 'little flatt' Mx. -Immyr Claghagh JJK346 'stony ridge' Mx. GLEN ASPIT [gten'aispat] NJ1990: Glenaspet CS1841, 1851, 1871, 1891, Glenaspit CS1861, 1881, Glenaspet ONB1957 SC28SE SC26698157. Buildings. On the Bishop's Barony. • 'the bishop's glen' Mx. glion yn aspick\ ScG. gleann an easbuig. Note that G. final /k/ can become ItJ in Mx; cf. Intro. §7.22, though the fact that aspick is also attested makes clear that this is not always true. See Largy Ballaspick below. Perhaps the original site of Glenfaba from where dues to the Lord of Man for the whole sheading were paid (cf. Megaw 1978: 284). See under Glenfaba in Kirk German. GLEN BEG Glen Beg ONB1957 SC28NE SC30058905. A glen. • 'little glen' Mx. glion beg, gleann beag. GLEN COSSHIE YORE Glen Cosshie vore (adj. river) 1720/210D49/ M1721. • 'glen of the big rye-grass' *Mx; cf. ScG. cuiseach 'darnel, rye-grass' (Dw.296), gleann an chuisich mhöir. Lenition in an adjective following a g. masc. is archaic in Mx. GLEN DOO (adj. Ballacottier) SC27NE centred at SC25127825 Glandoo LA 1783(1785), 1795/6, Glan Doo LA 1816, Glendoo LA 1869, Glendoo ONB1956, Glen Doo ONB1957. • 'black/dark glen' (due to shadow) Mx. glion doo, G. gleann dubh. GLEN DOO (by Foxdale) [glsn'ögu:] RC1991, [glan'dy:] NC1991 SC27NE SC27187900 Glendhoo ONB1957 SC27NE. Farmhouse at SC27207900. • 'black glen' Mx. glion doo. GLEN ELLY Glen Elly ("on treen of Ballahig") OS/A 142. • 'glen erf" the fort, rampart' *Mx; cf. Ir. aileach\ gleann an aitigh. North edge of road bounded by Ballagarmin.

108 GLEN MAYE (BBS) [glgdn'mg-i] HLSM/II:503, ("older people called it") [glen'ma-i] JC1991, [glen'mei] lp 1990/91 SC27NW centred at SC2360 7983: Clenanoy EI 1604, CPR1605, glanmoy LCB1666, Glenmoy, glanmoij LCB1704, Glanmoij, glanmoij LA 1709, Glanmoy LA 1716, Glanmoij LA1721, Glan moy 1726DM1727(1), Glanmoij 1738DO 1739(2), Glanmoy 1739DM 1739(5), LA 1740, 1761, 1858, Glan moy GE1745DO1746(2), Glan:mooy 1746D01747(1), Glan moay 1747D01747(3), Glan Moy 1756 DM1756(4), Glanmoji 1765DM1767(1), Glan moey 1778DO 1778(4), Glanmoey 1788DM1788(1), Glan meoiy 1792DM 1793(6), Glan Moij LA 1795/6, Glenmoie MAdv. 03.12.1808, Glenmeigh 1812DM 1842(2), Glenmoie MAdv. 07.05.1814, Glyn Moij LA 1816, Glanmaie 1817DM1818 (2), Glenmye 1819DM1821(6), 1822DM1822(2) Glen Moij MAdv.07.06. 1821, Glen moy 1836DM1838(1), Glenmoie 1841DM1842(1), Glenmay 1841DM1843(i), Clen-moy CS1841, 1851, Glenmay CS 1851-1871, Glan mey LA 1858, Glen May CS 1861, Glan Moy, Glen Moy LA 1869, Glenmaye, Glenmay [village] CS1881, Glen Moij LA 1881-1901, Glenmaye CS1891, Glen May LA 1911, Glen Meay, Glenmaye ONB1956. • 'glen of the plain, open space' *Mx; Olr. mag (neuter -s stem), g.sg. maige 'plain, an open stretch of land' (DIL/M:25), Modlr. gleam na maighe. The entries for 1604 & 1605 suggest a trisyllabic phrasal form w. (fem.) def. art. in g. sg. in the specific (such as the above), rather than dissyllabic forms, as suggested by Kneen (JJK347) and Marstrander (NTS/VI: 210). As Marstrander points out, Kneen's suggestion of (G.) gleann mbuigh 'yellow glen' with eclipsed second component after an orig. neuter, is unlikely in Manx glen-names, since there is no other example of this type attested in Man, given that the old neuter was given up in Gaelic as far back as the 10th cent. In any case Mx. buigh is usually pron. /bwi:/, though the stress shift is of unknown date; Irish and Scottish anglicisation is boy, i.e. [bui]. Marstrander (ibid.) suggests that Maye actually refers to the river flowing through Glen Maye and offers as parallels ON Miga or Meiga "both wellknown river names", postulating that the development of Miga to /mei/ would be similar to (G.) fiodh 'wood' to (Mx.) fuygh /fei/ (though, as the orthography of fuygh suggests, the Mx. etymon is not fiodh, but the derivative fiodhbhadh).

109 However, the older pron. of Glen Maye is not /mei/, but /mai/ (cf. above), and I would find it difficult to reconcile these forms with Marstrander's suggestion of MigaJMeiga. They would seem to mirror G. maigh rather than anything else. The long open e in the above exx. is secondary. Glen Maye today generally refers to the cascades and ravine section between the present Waterfall Hotel and the coast. However, previously Glen Maye was understood to begin where the narrow defile of Glen Mooar ended, i.e. where there is a broad area of plain between Glen Maye village and the entrance to Glen Mooar, and where mills were erected (cf. D01766(3) "...of erecting a Milln at Glanmoij"...; cf. also Glen Maye Mill below). It is to this area that the name Glen Maye refers. FN: Claddagh ("a river meadow at Glenmaye") CJC1920:34 'river-meadow' Mx. -Clough Woolie/Bwooillie CJC1920:34 'stone fold' Mx. clagh-woaillee. -Cronk-a-naie CJC1920:34 'hill of the flatt' Mx. cronk yn aaie, or possibly 'hill of the grave' Mx. cronk yn oaie. -Crot hoil CJC1920:34 'yonder croft' Mx. croit hoal. -Grunt-na-crean CJC1920:34 'ground of the ?masts/poles, trees without branches on' Mx. grunt ny cring/cruin. -Mar hunta CJC1920:34 'Hunter's field' Mx. magher Hunter. -Naaie Veg [nad'veg] ("down below Cape Corner [qv]") JM1991 'little flatt' Mx.. -Thie Earys CJC1920:34 'shieling house' Mx. thie eary, w. Eng. pi. added. -GLEN MAYE MILL the Great Mill of Glenmoy LCB1704, Glanmoy Mill GE1800D01800(1). GLEN MOOAR [glen'muia] JB1990, [glen'mgra] GK1990 Glen Mooar ONB1957 SC27NW SC24157884. • 'great glen' Mx. glion mooar, G. gleann trior. Glen, name now obsolete; see Glen Rushen Road. -GLEN MOOAR ROAD [gtenmpa roid] ("name no longer used") JM1991: Glenmoar Road, Glenmoor/Glen Moor Rd CS 1881. Now known as the Glen Rushen Road, qv. GLEN NEEDLE (Int.70,85,106,112) [glen'niidl], [glen'nidl] lp 1990/91, [glen'idl] RC1991 [glan'ni:dl] TC1992 SC27NE SC 26787923: Glan Eedle

110 LA 1728, 1729DM1731(3), Glan=EEdle (sie), Glaneedle 1733DM1735(4), Glawn=Edeel 1733DM1735(5), Glan=eedle 1736DM1739(8), Glaneedle 1737/38DM1738(5), Gland (sic) Eedle LA 1740, Glan needle, glan needle 1748/49D01750(4), Glan Eedle LA 1750, LA 1761, 1795, Glan=Needle 1759DO1760(2), Glan Needle LA 1795, Glan Edle 1802D01803(5), Glin needle 1808DM1809(1), Glan needle LA 1816, Gleneedle MSun 09.01.1822, Glion Needle 1827DM1828(4), 1828DO1829(1), Glen needle CS1841, Glenneedle CS1851, 1891, Glan Needle, Glen Eedle LA 1858, Glan Eedle, Glenneedle LA 1869, Glen Needle or Ardole LA 1869, 1881, Gleneedle CS1871, Glenneedle or Ardole LA1891, 1901, 1911, Glen Needle LA1858, 1901, 1911, Glenmedle, Glenneedle ONB1956. • Uncertain. If this is, in fact, an ON place-name in -dalr, e.g. kma-dalr 'valley of the mountain crags' as suggested by Marstrander (NTS/VI: 20910), then Glen would be a peripheral element prefixed to the name when its lexical meaning had become obscure, knfa-dalr would have given something like /kni:dal/ in Mx, but has evidently at some time come into English, before initial /kn/ became /n/ in the 17th century, otherwise > Kneedle. Kneen's suggestion (JJK347) of 'Kneen's glen' from /kni:dn/ > /ni:dn/ > /ni:dl/ with preocclusion (cf. Intro. §7.21) is unlikely, as preocclusion seems to be a late development in Mx. (late 18th/19th cent.), and the earlier forms above (with /dl/) would predate it. FN: Brogh y King FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] 'bank of the mound/peak' Mx. broogh y ching/king, G. bruach a' chinn. -Cly cur FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] '7heron hedge' Mx. cleigh (ny) coar. -Cronk y King FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] Mx. See above. -Crot ("small field near the house...") CJC1920:30 'croft' Mx. croit. -Garea CJC1920:30 'sourland' Mx. garee. -Glen Dhoo FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] 'black glen' Mx. glion doo. -Lheeannee Vane [lenaVeiin] TC1992 'white meadow' Mx. -Luddings FLS/FB:PA [71949] 'little glen' Mx. (g)lionan, w. preocclusion (cf. Intro. §7.21.) & Eng. pi. ending. -Moaneys FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] 'turbary' Mx. moanee, w. Eng. pi. added. -Naaie [ηεά] TC1992Naaie Heagh FLS/FB:PA [71949] 'the flatt below' Mx. yn aaie heese.

Ill -Naaie Venigh FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] '(turf) gable flatt' Mx. *bennag, *bennick\ yn aaie *vennick, cf. ScG. binneag 'chimney-top; gable without a vent on it (Benbecula, Uists)' (Dw.95). -Naaie Woo FLS/FB:PA nd [71949] 'the big fold' Mx. yn aaie vooar. -Tharroo Join FLS/FB:PA nd [71949]. Obscure. The first element may be thalloo. -The Heina [helna] TC1992 '?the islands, tufts' Mx. ny h-ellanyn. -Thie Losht [θ©1α:|] TC1992 'burnt house' Mx. -Tholtan [9oltan]F TC1992'ruined house' Mx. Other FN: Quarry F. FLS/FB:PA nd [71949], Crock F, Scuffle F, Half 'n' half FTC1992. GLEN RUSHEN QL (TR-Glenrushen) [glen'ro/an] lp 1990/91, [glsn 'ro/an] GK1990 Glen Rushin, Glen Rushen LCB1704, glon Rushen 17080D21/01708, Glan Rushen LA1709-1881, GE1796DM1806(16), Glan rushin 1736DM1737(3), Glanrushen LA 1740, 1783, 1816, Glanrushen 1743 DM1745(2), Glane Rushen 1745DM1747(2), Glan russin 1748/49DM1761 (1), Glynrushen, Glan Rushen 1777DM1778(1), Glen-rushen CS1841, 1861, Glen Rushen, Glenrushen CS1851, Glen Rushen LA1858, CS1891, LA 1891-1911, Glen Rushen ONB1957 SC27NW SC24107690. Glen. • '7glen of the level tract of land' *Mx. G. roisean is a diminutive of ros 'wood, copse, site of an old cemetery, isthmus, peninsula, point promontory, level tract of arable land', and is widespread also in Irish and Scottish, as well as Welsh and English place-names (cf. Gelling 1991, Broderick 1993). The choices are fairly wide. But the name here is restricted to that part of the glen from Claughbane/Glen Rushen farm upwards towards the Round Table (the lower part was known as Glen Mooar (now Glen Rushen Road) and Glen Maye), and here there is a levelish tract of arable land. This may be the area the name refers to. -GLEN RUSHEN (Int.72,76,77,81,84,89 in). -GLEN RUSHEN ROAD [glenroJWro:d] lp 1990/91 Glen Rushen Road CS 1871; cf. also Glen Mooar Road. -GLEN RUSHEN SLATE QUARRIES Glen Rushen Slate Quarries ONB1956. On the NE face of the Lhargan (qv). Now disused.

112 -GLENRUSHEN TR Glenrushen LA 1515, 1526, 1594, 1640, Glen Rushen LA 1527, Glen Russhen LA 1627, Glan Rushen LA 1709-1795/6, Glan rushen LA1816, 1869, 1881, Glen Rushen LCB1703, LA1858, 1891-1911; cf. Glen Rushen above. GLENASPIT, see Glen Aspit. GLENDHOO (pt. QL-Kerroodhoo DA) Glendhoo 1841DM1842(3). • 'black glen' Mx. glion doo, G. gleann dubh. FN: Lheeannee ny killey [lena'kxlja] TC1992 'the chapel meadow'. GLENFABA, see in Kirk German. -GLENFABA BRIDGE, cf. Camerill's bridge & Kirk Patrick Bridge. -GLENFABA CROFT Glenfaba Croft ("between Glenfaba House and Knockaloe Beg bounded by Mark's Lane on S.") FR1993. GLENMOOAR RIVER, see Glen Mooar River. GLION CHALTUN Glion Chaltun ("...has been quite forgotten as a name since the time of the [Ordnance] Survey [1869]...") Gi/I:452, Glionn Chaltun ONB1957 SC27NW SC23227878. Name obsolete. The Glion Coulter (qv) of LCB1704 is probably the same place. None of my informants could recall the name Glion Chaltun. • '?hazel glen' *Mx; cf. ScG. calltuinn 'hazel'. The normal word in Mx. for hazel is coull (K), G. coll (marked as obsolete in Dw.234). In addition -Itbecame -Id- in Mx. during the 17th-cenL As the name is no longer remembered, it is not certain whether initial ch- of Chaltun repr. [x] or [tj] GLION CORRAGH (adj. Glen Rushen) Glion Corragh ONB1957 SC27 NW SC24817739. Small glen. • 'glen full of turns, crooked glen' *Mx; cf. Ir. gleann corach. GLION COULTER (Int.71) Glan Coulter LA 1728-1858, Glen Coulter LA 1869-1911. Obscure; cf. also Glion Chaltun. GLION DARRAGH (adj. Sound Road) SC27NW centred on SC23827875: Glion Darragh Gi/I:453. • 'oaken glen' Mx; G. gleann darach. GLION KEEILL CRAWE (to the rear of Patrick village) SC28SW SC2455 8235: glon-kill-Croua LCB1704, Glion Keeill Croagh ("taking its name from

113 the vanished keeill at Droghad Keeill Croagh, joins the Neb a little distance above the...ford at the Raggatt") Gi/I:493, Glen Keeill Craaw AM/C. • 'glen of ?Cruimther's chapel* Mx. GLION MOO AR Glion Mooar ONB1957 SC27NW SC21787573. • 'big glen' Mx; cf. G. glearut mor. Deep ravine leading to Gob yn Ushtey; boundary between Creggan Mooar & Eary Cushlin. GLION NY BRACK, cf. Glion ny Mreck. GLION NY GOAYR (QL-Eary Cushlin) [lDna'ggia] KG1990, [lons'go:] JB 1990, [lana'ggia] GC1991: Glion y gour AM/C, Glion ny Goayr ONB 1957 SC27NW SC21717555. Cliff feature. • 'glen of the goats'; cf. ScG. gleann nan gabhar. Note that the modem pron. show lenited palatalised /g/ in glion, as if preceded by the def. art, or that an initial noun is lost. It may be that phrasal names such as the above were regarded as a single unit which could attract the def. art. -GLION NY GOAYR PAIRK [bnagoi'ptfk] JB1990. • 'Glion ny goayr park' Mx. w. Eng. word order. Probably a modern name. Above Eary Cushlin. GLION NY MAARLIAGH (on SE side of Glen Rushen; Int. 107; under HW at...) Glan-ne-marlagh, Glan ne Marlagh LA 1728(1735)-1868, Glen ne Marlagh LA1869-1911, Glion Maarliagh ("...is a branch of Glen Rushen ...according to local testimony "they [the robbers, cf. next] used to skin the stolen sheep and hide the remains".") Gi/I:451, Glion Maarliagh ONB 1957 SC27NE SC25127684. • 'glen of the robbers' Mx; Ir. gleann na m^irleach. GLION NY MANNAN Glonna=man=nan EF.02.08.1706, Glonnamannan ("...lies along the boundary between Patrick and Malew, just South of the present village of Upper Foxdale, and near the N.E. end of South Barrule...") Gi/III:208-209. • 'glen of the kids' Mx; ScG. gleann nam meannan. GLION NY MRECK (SW end of Glen Rushen) [glenabrak] LC1991 Glan ne mreck LA1728, Glan ne Mrack 1778DM1778 (3), Glan=NE=Marack, Glan=NE=Mrack 1802DM18Q3(2), Glen e Bracke (adj. John Clark [i.e. Juan

114 y Clery] W,N,E, Com. S) 1831 DM1838(5), Glen e-Brack CS 1871, Glionnny-brack ("... the higher waters of Glen Rushen river") CJC1920:5, Glionnny-Brack (obsol.) ONB1956 SC27NW. • 'glen of the trout' Mx; Ir. gleam na mbreac. Formerly centred at SC24017656. Now a ruin. GLION NY TRAUGH Glion ny Traugh Gi/I:445-446. • 'glen of/by the strand' Mx. glion ny traie, Ir. gleann na trdgha\ cf. Kentraugh RU. It seems that in the Mx. refl. trdgha is treated as if trdbh(a). Or should we think of Ir. tracht (W. traeth) with normal loss of -t ? (also in RU). Also known as Lag ny Traagh, qv. GOB A BORRANE Gob-a-borrane CJC 1920:26. • 'the Borraine point' Mx. See also under Borraine. By old signal mast, Dalby. GOB BRACK (pel. on QL-Knockaloe Beg) Gubb Brack 1752DM1752(5), Gobbrack 1800DM1800(1), Gob-breck 1800DM1804(3), Gob-breck 1820 DM1842(7,8), Gob breck 1841DM1842(5,6), Gobbreck 1842D01842(3). • 'point of the trout' Mx. gob (ny) breck\ cf. Ir. gob na mbreac. Probably refers to trout fished in the pool below in the River Neb. Now Glenfaba House. FN: Fay-chraine 1800DM1804(3) 'Craine's fiatt' Mx. Faaie Chraine. Captn Radcliffs meadow 1838DM1842(5). GOB BREAC Gob Breac ONB1957 SC27NW SC21497588. Coastal rock feature on Creggan Mooar. • 'speckled point' Mx. gob breck, Ir. gob breac. Refers to the varied colouring on the cliff. GOB BRECK Gob Breck ("...is a spur of the rocky ridge on Knockaloe Beg") Gi/I:493. • 'speckled point/beak' Mx; Ir. gob breac. GOB KIEL Gob kiel ("on Niarbyl pt") CJC 1920:28. • 'narrow point/beak' Mx. gob keyl, Ir. gob caol. GOB NA BRATHAN Gob-na-brathan ("...at Ν side of Glenmaye river") CJC1920:26. • 'point of the salmon' Mx. gob ny braddan, ScG. gob nam bradan.

115 GOB NY BEINNEY [gpbnsfcnja] NC1991 SC28SE SC27278112: Gobny-benya ("that part of Slieu-whallian which overhangs St John's") CJC1920:3, Gob ny Beinnee Gi/I:457, Gob ny Beney FLS/IX. 11. • 'point/beak of the mountain' Mx; ScG. gob na beinne. Used as fishing mark; cf. also Gob ny Clieu. GOB NY CALLIN (on coast of Ballacallin GO) [gobna'kalan] BQ1990 Gob ny Callin ONB1957 SC28SW SC22658147. Rock feature. • 'point of the young woman, damsel' Mx; ScG. gob na cailin, or 'point of the body' ScG. gob na calainn. Unless we take this as a shortened form of the farm name, i.e. Ballacallin Point GOB NY CHASSAN (on coast of Raby Mooar) Gob ny Chassan ONB1957 SC28SW SC22648088. Rock feature. • 'point/end of the footpath' Mx. gob y chassan; ScG. gob a' chasain. For ny for y/yn here and in the following two exx, cf. Intro. §7.13.1. GOB NY CLEIGH Gob ny Cleigh Gi/I:457. Unidentified. • 'point of the hedge' Mx; cf. Ir. gob an chlaidhe. GOB NY CLIEU Gob ny Clieu ("i.e. Slieuwhallan") CHC/I:51a. • 'point of the mountain' Mx. gob y clieau, cf. Ir. gob an t-steibhe. Northern shoulder of Slieau Whallian; cf. also Gob ny Beinney. GOB NY CREG Gob ny Creg Gi/I:493. • 'point of the rock' Mx; Ir. gob na creige. On seaward end of the Creggans. GOB NY EANIN Gob ny eanin ("near Gob yn Ushtey") CJC1920:28. • 'point of the cliff/precipice' Mx. gob ny h-eaynin. GOB NY GAMMERYN (on Creggan Mooar shore) Gob-na-gibryn, gimmerin ("on Creggan moar") CJC1920:27, Gob ny gimmeryn AM/K, Gob ny Gameren ONB1957 SC27NW SC21727676. Rock feature. • This and the next two entries perhaps should be taken together. The second element is obscure, but may reflect Ir. giobach, ScG. gibeach 'ragged, fringed', cf. Mx. guibbil 'rags' G. gioball, referring to the rock feature on that particular part of the coastline. -GOB NY GIBBER YN [gpbna'gtbaran] GC1991 SC27NW SC21587694. -GOB NY GIMMAGH Gob ny Gimmagh CHC/III:206. • 'point of the lobsters'; cf. ScG. gob nan giomach.

116 GOB NY SHARRAY Gob ny Sharray Gi/I:447, Gob ny Sharray ONB1957 SC28SW SC22558055. • 'point of the foals (rocks)' Mx. gob ny sharree. Rock feature; cf. also Gob y Charree. GOB Y CHARREE [gobnat/ari] GB1990 Gob-a-charry ("...between Raby & Trelja") CJC1920:2, Gob y Charry CHC/III:208. • 'point of the foal (rock)' Mx; Ir. gob an t searraigh. See also Gob ny Sharray. GOB Y JANE (on Balladda shore adj. Creg Adda) SC27NW SC21477719: Gob y Jadne ("headland north of Traie Eean") CHC/III:208, Gob y ?Janen AM/K. • '?the dean's point', cf. ScG. deaghan 'dean', and the patronymic surname Jane from the same source. GOB Y LHINGAN Gob y Lhingan Gi/I:452. Between Phil Moore's Glen and Glen Maye; cf. next. GOB Y LHUIGAN Gob y Lhuigan ("He [Caesar Cashen's cousin Jack, 87, Glen Needle] was telling me the sharp turn in the road beyond Annie Corris's on the Glen Rushen road was called Gob y Lhuigan...") CHC/I:106b (ex Caesar Cashen). • 'point of the pools' Mx. gob ny lhingan, cf. G. linne, w. Mx. pi. suffix [an]. The above form is likely a miscopying of lhingan. See the above and Kione ny Lhingey, which is in the same area GOB Y QUAGGAN Gob y Quaggan CHC/I:131b. • 'Quaggan's point' Mx. Northside of Ooig yn Thombagey. GOB Y QUIGGIN (on Eaynin Mooar) SC27SW SC21527458: Gob y Quiggin AM/K. • ' Quiggin's point' Mx. GOB Y SHARREY (on Balladda shore) SC27NW SC21427731: Gob y Sharrey AM/K • 'point of the foal (rock)' Mx. gob y charree·, ScG. gob an t-searraich. GOB Y VRADAN (on Ballachrink shore) SC27NW SC22387998: Gob y vradan AM/C. • 'point of the salmon' Mx. gob y vraddan, ScG. gob a' bhradain.

1 17 GOB YN ELLAN Gob yn Elian AM/K. • 'point of the island' Mx; ScG gob an eilein. An alternative name for Gob yn Ushtey. See also Elian Croobagh. GOB YN USHTEY [gabna'ojtal KG1990 Gob-yn-ushtia ("...between Eary Cushlin and Creggan moar") CJC1920:26, Gob y Ushtey CHC/IV:133, Gob yn Ushtey ONB1957 SC27NW SC21457566. • 'point of the water' Mx; ScG. gob an uisge. The pron. shows ny for y/yn\ cf. §7.13.2. Rock feature. A waterfall descends here. An alternative name for Gob yn Elian. GOLD STONE The Gold Stone ("...a conspicuous quartz crag near Keeill Woirrey above the slope called the Lhiackan or Laggan at the seaward end of Glion Mooar...") Gi/I:451; cf. also Creg Bane. GORDON QL (TR-Gourdan) [gQiadan] lp 1990/91, [gyjsdan] JC1991, [guiöan] TCol990, [getfsn] JI1990, [ggidan] fp 1990/91 Gourden IDD/1662: 11, Gourdan LCB1679, 16950D[52a]/Jul708, Gourdan, Gourden LCB 1704, Gordan GE17010D2(47), Gurden LA1709, 1716, 1721, GE1795 DM1795(10), Gourden 17200D42/M1721, Gourdon 1728DM 1729(1), Gourdan 1759DM 1762(1), Gordan MAdv.30.10.1813, Garden LA 1858, 1869, Gurden LA 1728-1911, Gordon CS1841-1861, 1881, 1891, Gordan CS 1871, Gordon ONB1956 SC28SW. Now a small district incl. 2 fms SC23738040 &23788087 plus seven cottages. • Obscure. Possibly 'little corn field, small patch of arable land, little field/enclosure' Mx; cf. ScG. goirtean. The Mx. form would have to have non-palat. -rt-, viz. *gortan, though rt does not give rd in Mx. (as does It > Id and nt > nd). Also Kneen (JJK350). Marstrander (NTS/VI: 211), however, rejects gortan as a possibility and postulates ON gor-tun 'bog farm', i.e. by a boggy area, which presumably could refer to the adjacent Creelagh (qv). But Marstrander cites no exx. of Gortun in his list of Gor-names in Norway, and so far as is known, no other tun-name is attested in Manx PN. The attested lp & fp seem based on the surname Gordon, but some forms suggest a diphthong which neither of the above etymologies will explain. A form with dona, viz. gort dona 'poor cornfield' (Mx. *gort + donney) cf.

118 nearby Lag Evil (qv), would be possible as a second element, with apocope and stress transferred to the first element possibly due to its similarity to the English surname Gordon. FN: Billy Kinnag FLS1953/IX.14: 861 'Kinnag's fold' Mx. bwoaillee Kinnag. -Bwoaillee Carmane [b^lika'mem] AK1991 'Carmane's fold' Mx. -Close Taggart, Close Taggyrt FLS1953/IX. 14:837 'the priest's, or Taggart's enclosure' Mx. close y taggyrt. -Creelagh FLS1953/IX. 14: 769, Creelagh [kridgx] JC1991 'swampy place' *Mx. See Creelough above. -Creg Veddan FLS 1953/IX. 14: 848 'white rock' Mx. creg vane. For preocclusion cf. Intro. §7.21. -Cronk Urleigh FLS/FB:PA[1953] 'eagle hill' Mx. cronkurley, Ir. cnoc an iolaire. -Lag Evil/Ebil FLS/IX.14: (SE half of 794). See Lag Evil below. -Lhag Cooil FLS/FB:PA11953] 'nook hollow' Mx. -Lhen Crenack, Lhen Crenagh FLS1953/IX. 14: 846 'glen of withered leaves, brushwood' Mx. glion + *crianagh, Ir. cnoc + crionach. See also Cronk Grianagh in Kirk German. -Maest (sic) FLS/IX.14. Obscure. -Magher Dick, Mar Dick FLS 1953/IX. 14: 790 'Dick's field' Mx. -Magher Jet, Magher Yet FLS1953/IX. 14: 792 & NW half of 794 *?the gate field' Mx. magher y ghiat. The j of Jet in the first entry may repr. a false delenition of the unlenited initial g of giat. Though if the name has not been orally collated, the older habit of writing capital "I" like a quasi elongated "G" may have resulted in a misinterpretation. -Magher Kionney/Cunney (Cannya) FLS 1953/IX. 14: 792 'gorse field' Mx. magher conney. -Magher Lough, Mar Lough FLS 1953/IX. 14: 737, Lough F FLS/FB:PA [1953] 'lake, mire field' Mx. magher logh. -Magher Main, Marmain FLS1953/IX. 14: 772, Magher Maine FLS/FB:PA [1953] 'middle field' Mx. magher mean/meanagh. -Magher Traaie FLS/FB:PA[1953] 'shore field' Mx. magher traie.

119 -Naaie FLS/FB:PA[1953], The Nye FLS1953/IX.14: 732 'the flatt' Mx. yn aaie. Second entry shows Eng. def. art. prefixed to an agglutinated Mx. def. art. Other FN: FLS1953/IX. 14: Lhergy (780), Long F (850), The Garey (966), The Plantation (729. 730), Jem Cubbon's House (775), The Meadow (781). -America, Creer's Croft, Cronk F, Cubbon's F, Dog F, Well F FLS/FB:PA [1953]. -Rheast, North America, South America, Naaie FLS/IX.9,10. -Noel's Fs KN1974. -Long F, Road F, Burnt Stack F (by AK; had a disastrous fire there ca. 1966), Cross F, Big Flatt, Shore F, F above Shore F, Lhergies AK1991. -GOURDAN TR [Gourd]an LA1515, Gourdan LA1526-1594, 1640, LCB1704, Gurdan LA 1627, Gourden LA 1650, LCB1704, Gurden LA 17091911; cf. Gordon above. GRAY ROCK (on Slieau Whallian) Greay Rockl731DM1732(l). GREAT GARDEN, the (Int.2; in Glen Maye) the great Garden ("in glanmoij") LCB1704, the great garden LA 1709, the great Garden LA 17211761, 1858, the Great Garden LA 1783, Great Garden in Breck Voaley LA 1795, the great garden LA 1816, the Great garden LA 1858, 1869, Great Garden LA 1881-1911. GREAT GATE, the (betw. QL-Kerroodhoo & QL-Creggan Mooar DA) the Great Gate 1759D01759(1). GREAT HOUGH, the (adj. Creggan Mooar) the great hough LCB1704, great hugh in Dalby LA 1709, the great hough in Dalby LA 1716, 1728, the great Hough in Dalby LA 1740, the great Hough LA 1750, 1783, the Great Hough in Dalby, LA 1795-1911. • 'steep glen' OE höh 'a heel, a spur of land'. Or ModE hough ? The spelling 'hugh' 1709 would repr. the NEng. and Scots heuch. The OE element varies greatly in its use. The meanings include 'a low projecting piece of land in the bend of a river or in more level ground', 'a slight or a steep ridge', and 'the end of a ridge where the ground begins to fall sharply'. In Northern England (from where it is most likely to have come into Man) it develops the sense 'a steep glen, a deep cleft in rocks' (cf. Smith 1956).

120 The area in question would be the steep-sided glen coming down from Dalby Mountain through which the Lag River flows out into Niarbyl Bay. GREAT MILL, the (in Glen Maye) Great Mill in Glenmoy WCM (Ellnr Ratcliffe) LCB1704. GRUNT SOLLYS CHEU MOOIE (Ns of Niarbyl rocks) SC27NW SC20897763: Grunt sollys cheu mooie AM/K. • 'outside clear ground/bed of sea* Mx; ScG. grunnd solus taobh amuigh. GULL AD BEG PADDY Gullad Beg Paddy CHC/III:208. • 'Paddy's little gully' Mx. See Gulled below. Adjacent to Gullad Jimmy Dhone and just above Traie Vrisht. GULLAD BEN PARRY Gulled Ben Parry ("At the Niarbyl") CJC1920: 24. • 'Patrick's wife's gully' Mx. gullad ben Parick. GULLAD ILLAM FEDDYR Gullad Illam Feddyr CHC/III:206. • 'William the weaver's gully' Mx. gullad Illiam y Fidder. Near Niarbyl. GULLAD JIMMY DHONE (on Balladda coast) SC27NW SC21377742: Gulled Jimmy dhone ("a narrow gully on Ballacooil shore across which brown Jimmy jumped to escape from the press gang") CJC1920:23, Gullad Jimmy Dhoan ("gully between...Ballarda (sic) and Ballacooil (& across which Jimmy jumped also to escape the press gang)") CHC/III:208, Gulled Jimmy Dhone AM/K. • 'Brown-haired Jimmy's gully' Mx; cf. Ir. dorm. GULLED (on Niarbyl shore) SC27NW SC21117762: Gulled AM/K. • 'gully' Mx. gullad < Eng.dial. "gullet". GULLED, the The Gulled ("...a narrow channel between rocks in which the sea rushes on Ballelby shore") CJC 1920:23. • 'gully' Mx. gullad. Eng.dial; cf. also above. GULLED A FEATHER Gulled-a-feather ("At Niarbyl") CJC1920:24. • 'the weaver's gully' Mx. gullad yfidder. GULLED A RICHARD Gulled-a-Richard ("At Niarbyl") CJC 1920:24. • 'Richard's gully' Mx. gullady Richard, here w. Eng. forename. GULLED GR AN A Gulled grana ("a narrow gulley N. of Niarbyl") CJC1920:24.

121 •'ugly gully' Mx. gullad graney\ cf. Ir. grdna. GULLED PADDY (on Balladda coast) SC27NW SC21327746: Gulled Paddy AM/K. • 'Paddy's gully' Mx. gullad\ cf. also next. GULLAGE Gullage ("...rocks on either side of the bara at Glenmaye") CJC1920:27. • 'fork' Mx. gollage, Ir. gabhUSg. See also Mutchlag. GUT, the The Gut ('The lower part of the Sound valley, where it joins the bottom of Glen Rushen...") Gi/I:453-454. Η HALF QUARTER the Half Quarter (on Raby Beg) 17200D42/M1721. HALF QUARTER, the the Half Quarter ("situate in Ken=Slean (sic) [Kionslieau]" 17080D18/M1709;cf. also Lhea-chemoo. HAMILTON Hamilton Foxdale CS 1871. At Lower Foxdale. HAMILTON('S) BRIDGE (adj. Ballamooar Foxdale) SC27NE SC2772 7942: Hamilton's Bridge1776DO1777(4), Hamiltons (sic) Bridge 1796DM 1797(1), Hamilton Bridge 1798D01799(1). HARRY BILL(Y)'S HILL (rise in the St.John' s-Foxdale Rd by Ballahig) SC28SE SC27888023: Harry Billy's Hill FLS:L/30, Harry Bill's Hill BCol993, BP1993. From a Harry Bill Callister who lived in an adjoining cottage. HAST AL [hast^l] KG 1990, [haistal] GB/WQ1990 SC27NW SC21817656: Hasthall ("...cave at the south end of Lagg ny Killey") CHC/I:53a, Hastal ("a deep cut gully on Creggan Mooar") CHC/I:132a, Fheustal ONB1957. • Perhaps a reduced form of the PN Orestell, qv. Area of rough pasture and rock. -HASTAL BARRA (on Creggan Mooar shore) SC27NW SC21677657: Harstal Bara FLS/XII.5; cf. Barra above. HEATER, the the Heater [öa'htiti:] ("the triangle piece of land between St. John's, Ballacraine, and the Hope; from its shape like an old iron") BP1993

122 (ex John Clucas, The Hope), or perhaps the 'heater', the block heated in the embers and put inside a box iron. HILL, the Int. the Hill near PeelLA 1795/6, the Hill (nr. Peel) LA 1816; cf. also Peel Hill. HOOKER, the the Hooker ("a conspicuous stack S. of Hastal") FR1993 (ex Ρ G Ralfe). HOPE, the The Hope (Ballavar) CS1891. At Ballavayr. Modern name. Or OEhöp 'small enclosed valley, bay, inlet'. HORSE ROCK Horse Rock ONB1957 SC28SW SC24218472. Rock feature; cf. also Peel Hill. HOSPITAL FIELD, the SC27NE SC25607985: the Hospital Field CHC/I: 53a, AM/C1953, ("field where sick lambs were attended to") FR1993. On the Garey just south of Carnagreie. HOUGH, the (adj. Knock y Chishtey) the Hough 1761DO 1761(2); cf. The Great Hough above.

J JEEIG Ε COOIL (adj. Ennyn Mooar S, Eary Cushlin N) jeeig Ε Cooil 1785D01787(1), 1791DM1793(5). • 'the nook ditch' Mx. jeeig y cooil·, cf. Ir. diog na cuile. JOE MOORE'S BRIDGE Joe Moore's Bridge NQ/I.10:128. Another name for Keeil Crore Bridge. JOHN CAIN'S HILL [d3o:n keinz hü] JB1990. Adjoining Bulnahughtee, Glen Rushen Road. JOHN CLARK'S LAND (in Glen Rushen) John Clark's Land 1743DM1745(2). See also Juan y Clery's Bridge. JOHN KELLY'S LANDS John Kelly's Lands ("or Cairn-E-Ghrey") 1790DM1790(4). JOHN QUAY'S 1734DM1735(6).

INTACK (in Glen Needle) John Quay's

Intack

JOHN QUIRK'S CLADDAGH (nr. Foxdale) John Quirk's Claddagh 1782D01782(1).

123 JOHNNY HOM KARR AN'S STRANDS Johnny Horn Karran's Strands JJK352. On Niarbyl Bay. LA 1515 records McKerrons as tenants in the treen of Alia Dalby which abuts on Niarbyl Bay. JUAN JACK'S GLEN Juan Jack's Glen CHC/1:126b. Near the Sound Road. JUAN Y CLERY'S BRIDGE [c^uians'kleriz] lp 1990/91, [d3o:n9'kleaiz] EM 1991 SC27NW SC23537609: Juan y Clearys Bridge CHC/VII:[81]. • 'John Clarke's bridge' Mx. + Eng; also known as Dalby Bridge. On upper reaches of the Glen Rushen River. So named from a certain John Clarke (Mx. Juan y Chleree) who lived at Cleigh Feeiney, qv. See also John Clark's Land above. Κ KARRAN'S STREAM (Glion Corragh, adj. Glen Rushen) [karenz striim] JB1990 SC27NW centred at SC2480 7759. Arthur Karran farmed neighbouring Claughbane/Glen Rushen Fm ca. 1920s/30s. KARRAN'S TACKS Karran's Tacks ("zig-zag wrack road below Cam Tolta to S. end of Harstal") FR1993. KAY'S BORRANE Kay's Borrane (H...a grassy eminence on the cliffs at the foot of Glion ny Traugh [Lag ny Traagh]...") Gi/I:445-446. A promontory fort. KAY'S BRIDGE Kay's Bridge ("crosses the high road at the upper Balnylhergy farm-entrance") Gi/I:477. KEEIL CRAGH Keeil Cragh ("pronounced 'Crew'; said to have stood in a plot of ground generally known as John Knights [sexton of Patrick Church FR1993] garden...") CHC/I:72b. • '?Cruimther's chapel' Mx. Keeill CrawelCrore, cf. Olr. cell Cruimthir (cf. also NTS/VII:319), if this is what it is. See also Droghad Keeill Crore above. KEEIL MALONEY on Ballelby. See under Keeill yn Chiam. KEEILL OOIG NY GO AYR Kiel-ough-na-gaur ("...cave near Lag nakeilley church") CJC1920:21, Keeill ooig ny Goayr CHC/1:132a.

124

• ^church/chapel of/by the goats' cave' Mx. A curious combination, unless the first element is caol 'narrow, narrowing'. By Ooig yn Thombaghey. KEEILL PHARLANE (on Ballachrink) SC27NW SC23287960: Keeil Parlane/Pharlane ("by Ballachrink House, Dalby") CHC/I:72b, Keeill Pharlane AM/C. • ' Β arthol emew's Church' Mx; Ir. till Phdrthaloin. Arch. KEEILL WOIRREY Keeill Woirrey SC27NW SC24107893. Ruins of chapel (ca.500-1000AD) OS/A: 130. • 'Mary's chapel' Mx Keeill Voirrey, Ir. CillMhuire. On the western side of Glen Mooar just north of the old Glen Rushen slate quarries. KEEILL WOIRREY Keeill Woirrey ONB1957 SC27NE SC269791. Site of chapel. • 'Mary's chapel' Mx. Keeill Voirrey, Ir. CillMhuire. On Kerroodhoo Foxdale. KEEILL VOUT SC27NE SC28567960: Keeill Vout ("furlong east of Ballagarman House") OS/A: 142. On Ballahig. • 'Machud's church' Mx; cf. Ir. cill Mhachuid. KEEILL YN CHIARN Keeill yn Chiarn SC27NW SC22017885. Site of chapel & building OS/A: 139. On Ballelby. • 'the Lord's chapel' Mx. Also known as Keeill Maloney (qv), i.e. G. Maol Domhnaigh 'tonsured servant of the Lord, of the Church'. It may be that Maloney was translated into Chiarn 'Lord' while its significance was still understood. But Domhnach (< L. dominicus 'of the lord') is also a personal name, and can also mean 'church', in which case this would not provide a satisfactory replacement of the alternative name. KEEMOOYL Kemeool MB/Ke:7d, cheamoil MB/K:7d. • 'ridge mountain' ON kambr + fjall, w. final stress as in Barrule, qv. Location uncertain, but possibly refers to Dalby Mountain. KELLA (Int. on QL-Balladda, adj. Kerroodhoo DA) [kelje] WQ1990, GC/NQ1991 SC27NW SC22457695: the Kellah 1816DM1818(3), Kellha CS1841, Kella CS1851, 1861, 1871, 1891, Kellah CS1881, Kelya CJC

125 1920:36, The Kellya Gi/I:465, Kella AM/K, Kylley ONB1957 SC27NW SC22457695. Derelict farm. • 'wood, grove' Mx. keyll·, Ir. coill, ScG. coille. The Manx PN is disyllabic like the ScG. reflex, unless it is g. dependent on a lost head-word. FN: Magher injil JJK357 'low field' Mx. -Magher meanagh JJK358 'middle field' Mx. -Magher oarn JJK358 'barley field' Mx. -Magher y gharey JJK358 'the garden field' Mx. -Mara gette CJC 1920:36, Magher giat JJK357 'gate field' Mx. magher y giat. -Mara guttyr CJC1920:36, Magher y guttyr JJK358 'watercourse field' Mx. magher + ME (14th cent.) gaiter 'watercourse, natural or artificial' (cf. OED). -Mara thorran CJC 1920:36, Magher y tooran JJK358 'the midden field' Mx. magher y thorran. -Mara thowl moar CJC1920:36, Magher y thowl mooar JJK358 'field of the big hole' Mx. magher y thowl mooar. -KELLA RIVER Kylley River ONB1957 SC27NW. Ext. fr. source at SC22997650 to its junction with the Lagg River at SC22387703. KELLY WILLIN'S LAND (Int. adj. Ballavagher) Keley willins land ("lying under Ballavacher kiln") 1734DM1734(6), Kelly Vollin's Land 1734 DM1734(2), Kelley Willins Land 1741DM1742(1). • 'Kelly of the mill's land' cf. Mx. Kelly y Wyllin\ cf. also Ballakelly Willin's Land & next KELLY'S LAND (Int.) Kelly's Landl829DM1832(l). KERROOCOTTLE [kers'kotl] NC/RC1991, cf. also Ardole. KERROODHOO QL (TR-Dalby) [kera'ifcu:] lp 1990/91, [kare'öau:], [kare ö«u] RK1990, [kerettu:] GB1990, [kWöu:] EM1991 Kerrow doo LA 1709, LCB1704, Kerrowdoo LA1716, 1721, 1728, Kerroodoo 1732DM 1732(3), Kerrow dow 1736D01737(1), Kerrowdoo LA 1740-1869, Kerrowdoo, Kerroo-doo LA 1816, the Kerroodoo 1830DO1830(2), Kerroodhoo CS1841, 1851, 1871, Kerrowdhoo LA1858, KK Dhoo (sic) DA CS1861, Kerrow-dhoo CS1881, Kerrow-dhoo CS1891, Kerroodhoo LA1881-1911, Kerroo-dhoo ONB1956 SC27NW. Formerly a quarterland name; now applies only to the farm at SC22247698. • 'black quarterland' Mx. kerroo doo, ScG. ceathramh dubh.

126

FN: Ball fasneagh CJC1920:34 'winnowing place' Mx. boaylfasnee. -Benna Harstal FLS/XII.5 'the Hastal road' Mx. Bayr ny Hastal. -Booiljyn nowe 1830D01830(2) 'new folds' Mx. bwoailtyn noa. -Bwooilee frog CJC1920:34 'fold of the nooks, marsh, etc' *Mx; cf. ScG. frdg 'hole, chink, niche, nook, cranny; marsh, fen; retired habitation' (Dw.457). -Bwoolie Fasties FLS/XII.5 'shelter fold' Mx. bwoaillee fastee\ cf. ScG. fasgadh, w. Eng. pi. added. -Conna Crow FLS/XII.5 'bunched furze' Mx. conney crouw. -Cronk-a-verd FLS/XII.5 '?hill of the bard' *Mx. See also on Ballahutchin. garey beg (in toto 4 enclosures) 1830D01830(2) 'small enclosure' Mx. -Keywooare ("dangerous brow on the Kerroodhoo, Dal by") CJC 1920:33 'big breast' Mx. kee vooar, cf. ScG. doch f, g. ciche, d. cich. The Mx. refi. could repr. dat. cich or g. ciche w. ellipsis of a noun of location. -Lhergy na Hollow (sic) FLS/XII.5 '?hillslope of the swan' Mx. Ihiargee ny h-ollay. -Naaie CJC1920:31, Neigh, Big Neigh FLS/XII.5 'homefield' Mx. yn aaie. -Naaie cam CJC1920:3rcrooked/winding hc«nefield' Mx. yn aaie cam. -Naaie veg CJC1920:31 'little homefield' Mx. yn aaie veg. -Rhenny Keeilley ("field where two rivers meet & near the old church at Kerrowdhoo") CJC1920:31 'ridge, division of the church' Mx. rheynn ny killey. -Thalloo Clew FLS/XII.5 'the mountain land' Mx. thalloo y clieau. Other FN: Little Lhergie, Big Lhergie, Juan's Fs (adj. Juan's Hs), Intacks, Meadow, Tom Beg's F FLS/XII.5. KERROODHOO FOXDALE QL (TR-Arnycarnygan cum Foxdale) [kers'öeu] AB1990, [kere'öu:] RC1991, [kerydy] NC1991, [k'era'öu] TC 1992 Kerroe doue ("in foxtle") 1724DM1725(1), Kerroodoo Foxtal 1731DO 1732(2), Kerrudoo 1741/42D01743(1), Kerroodoo Foxdale 1746DM1754 (5), Kerroodoo Foxtyl 1754DM1754(3), Kerroo Doo 1763DO 1764(2), Kerroo-doo Foxdale 1768DM1768(1), Kerroo Doo 1783DM 1783(3), Kerrew-Doo foxtill 1807DM1814(2), the Kerroo dooe 1825DM1826(3), the Kerroo Dooe, the Kerrow dooe Foxdale 1827DM 1828(2), Kerroo-dhoFoxdale MSun 17.08.1830, Kerrow doo Foxdale 1830DQ1833(3), Kerroo

127 Dhoo foxdale or Black quarter 1832DM1840(4), Kerrowdoo CS 1841, Kerrow dhoo, Kerow dhoo CS 1851, Kerroodhoo LA 1869, Kerrowdhoo, Kerrow dhoo Foxdale CS 1871, Kerrodhoo, Kerrow-dhoo CS 1881, Kerrowdhoo CS 1891, Kerroodoo ONB1956 SC27NE. Formerly QL in SC2680 7901. Now applies to farm at SC27NE SC26947894. • 'black quarterland' Mx. kerroo doo, ScG. ceathramh dubh. Note that the entries imply no final stress on -dale in Foxdale. FN: Boal ne feeagh 1733DM1734(1), Bwoal ne Feeagh 1741/42D01743(1), Bwoaley ne Veagh 1792DM1793 (1) 'fold of the ravens' Mx. bwoaillee ny veeagh, Ir. buaile na bhfiach, though the first two entries indicate failure of eclipsis in g. pi. -Bwoaillee Frog [balja'frAg] RC1991, [bgljafrpg] TC1992 'fold of the nooks; marshy fold' *Mx; cf. ScG. buaile nam frog. -Clannainagh 1741/42D01743(1) 'meadow of (the) fair' *Mx; Ir. cluain 'meadow' + aonach 'fair', w. aonachapparently uninflected. -Glan-Soo 1768DM1768(1) 'berry/fruit glen, juice glen' cf. Ir. siibh 'berry, fruit' or 'glen of juice' Mx. soo\ Ir. sugh 'juice'. -Knock freaee 1746DM1754(5) 'heathery hill' Mx. knock freoaie. -Lhea=kerroo 1746DM1754(5), Leah Cherroo 1792DM1793(1) 'half quarter' Mx. lieh cherroo/kerroo. -Magher Ε Lheah Kerroo 1741/42001743(1) 'field of the half quarter' Mx. magher y lieh cherroo/kerroo. Initial k- of kerroo in the two foregoing forms indicates failure of/non-lenition after lieh, G. le(a)th. -Naaie [ηεά] RC1991, [ηε-i] TC1992 'the flatt' Mx. ynaaie. -Naaie Veg [neriVeg] RC1991, [naVeg] TC1992 'the little flatt' Mx. yn aaie veg. -Renn ne Killey 1731D01732(2), Rhein e Killey 1830D01833(3) 'ridge/ division of the church' Mx. rheynn ny killey.. Other FN: the Moaney 1753D01754(1), the North fields of the flatt 1763D01764(2), the Meadow 1792DM1793(1), the Glan 1807DM1814{2); Smithy F, Two Fs above City Road, Garee, Big F, Mountain Gate Fs, John Eds Fs (two little fs & hs.) RC1991; Smithy F, Lhergies, Big F, F above the Big F, City Fs TC1992.

128 KERROODHOO MOUNTAIN ROAD (Broogh Vrisht) Kerrow-dhooMountain Rd CS1891. KERROOKEIL QL (TR-Alia Dalby) SC27NW centred on SC21927778: kerrow keale LCB1704, Kerrow Keal LA 1709, Kerrowkeal LA 1716, Kerrowkeale LA1721, Kerrowkeal LA1728-1783, Kerrue Keil 1761D01761 (2), Kerrowkeil LA 1795/6, 1858, Kerrow Keil LA 1816, 1869, Kerrookeil CS 1851, Kerrookiel CS1871. • 'narrow quarterland' Mx. kerroo keyI, ScG. ceathramh caoL Int. The Jug-y-lheeahs [öa^ogaliiaz] RC1991, Juck-y-Liyre FLS/IX.ll '?grey reedy place' Mx. giucklagh Iheeah, pron. version w. Eng. pi. added. However, the spelling is late and perhaps entirely unhistorical, but liyre does rather suggest leagher 'coarse grass, rushes', G. luachra. K E R R O O K E I L QL (TR-Particles) [kerskii] JB1991 Kerrow Keale LCB1704, Kerroo Keale 1770DM 1774(3), Kerroo Keile 1760D01762(1), Kerroo keyll 1786DM 1788(3), Kerrow Ceal 1798D01801(2), Kerroo Kneal (JIC)1820DM1821(2), Kerrow-chiel 1822D01822(4), Kerroo Keal 1833DM 1834(2), Kerrokiel 1837DO1843(6), Kerroo Kneale (sic) 1839DM1840(2), Kerroo Keil 1840DO1842(2), Kerrookeil LA 1869, Kerroo Keil CS 1861, Kerrow Kiel CS1871.1881, Kerrow Keil CS1891, Kerroo Keil LA18811911, Kerrowkiel AM/K. • 'narrow quarterland' Mx. kerroo keyl, ScG. ceathramh cool. KESSA, the FN the Kessar ("on Bellelby on the tops...") CHC/I:76a. • 'road over boggy ground, corduroy road' *Mx; cf. Ir. ceasach. KESSAG NOA JACK (nr. Ballacreggan) Kessag(jic) noa Jack 17140D39/ M1717. • 'Jack's new corduroy road' *Mx. KINNAGHAN (Int. 173; on NWs of Barrule Beg) Kinnaghan (almost adj. "Braidne Shooin") LA 1783(1785)-1869. • 'mossy place' cf. Mx. keynnagh\ Ir. caonnach 'moss', w. loc. suff. -an. KIONAMMYL [k'a'namal] WQ1990, [ka'namal] GB/KG1990, [kan'aemal] GC1991, [kanemal] EM1991: Kion-nammyl/-ammel ("hilly road leading from the Durlish to main S[outh] road") CJC1920:18, Bayr Cronk yn Yemmel ("...connects the Bayr Mooar at Doarlish Mooar with the Bayr Noa, Dalby, crosses the latter road, and continues up the side of the hill") Gi/1:137.

129 • 'end of the boundary/extremity' *Mx; cf. ScG. iomall 'border, extremity, limit' (Dw.548). Lies on the boundary between QL-Knockushtey and QL-Balladda. KIONDHOOAG (Int. 121,150; betw. Kionslieau & Barrule) [kin'öuiag] RC 1991, [kui'dusg] NC1991 Keon Dowa (pel. Com. adj."Thos. Clucas of Barrowles Land and the Land of Wm. Clucas of Keonslew named Keon Dowa..."; pel. adj. QL-Ballameanagh) LA 1740, Keon dowagg LA 1750 (1751), Keon Dowa LA 1750, Koin: Dooiagg 1757D01757(2), Keon Dowa (adj. "Clucas Barrowle & Keonsliews") LA 1761, Kione Dooag 1767DM 1768(2), 1768D01769(3), Keon dowa, Keon Dowag LA 1783, Kione dooag (Wm Clucas of Baroole W, QL-Ballameanaugh N) GE1793DO 1796(8), Keon Kion dowag, Kion dowagg (adj. "Clucas Barroole & Kion Slieu") LA 1795/6, LA 1795/6, Kion Dhooag 1803DM1832(4), Dowag (sic) LA 1816, Kion Dowagg LA1816-1869, Koandoag 1819DM1819(3), Kioun Dooag (adj. Com. S, Barrule Fm W, Kionslieau N,E, the Loobs N) 1837DM1837(2), Kiondhooag CS1861, Kiondhoag, Kiondhog CS 1871, Kiondhoag CS1881.1891, Kion dowagg LA 1901, Kiondowagg LA 1891, 1911, Kionedhoag LA1911, Kiondhooag ONB1957 SC27NE SC28357787. Farm. • 'end of the black pool' *Mx; G. ceann + dubhag. -KIONDHOOAG ROAD Kiondhoag Road CS1871. KIONE VUIGH Kione Vuigh (sic) ("under Eary Cushlin") CHC/III:206. • 'yellow head/end' Mx. kione buigh, ScG. ceann buidhe. KIONE FAESTAL [kjoin fistGal] JJK354, Kion Faestal CJC1920:26. • 'fish place, fishing station on shore' ON fiski-stellr. Marstrander (NTS/VI: 211-12; trans. 238-39) argues for "ON fiski-stallr or fiskara-stallr, from the Faeroese stallur 'a rock on the shore, or a projecting crag', the latter being the Manx kione 'head, steep point, eminence'. In English the eminence Thistle Head and the longish reef off Thistle Rock. It is possibly here a question of an English adaptation of the Manx fistal. Otherwise one must assume that Thistle was an anglicisation of the ON thistill, which...must have been the Norwegian name of the rock (= Thousla in the Calf Sound)". Mx. kione 'head' would be prefixed later.

130 KIONE NY BAYRYN (crossroads) SC27NE SC25227987: Kione ny Baareyn ("...where the Barenell (sic) and Glenmay roads meet...") CHC/1:201b, Kione ny bayrnyn AM/C1953. • 'end of the roads' Mx; ScG. ceann nam bothairean. KIONE NY LHINGEY (linking Glen Maye to the Glen Rushen Road, hugging the Glen Mooar River) [kjceinaliga] JC1991. • 'end of the pool' Mx; ScG. ceann na linne. Now known as the Postman's Path, qv. KIONE ROAUYR sy chione rouayr MVV/1868:2, Kion Rowar CJC1920:26. • 'broad headland' Mx; ScG. ceann reamhar. Contrary Head, qv. KIONSLIEAU QL (TR-Arnycarnygan cum Foxdale) [ktn'slju], [kxn'sleu] NC 1991, [kin sly:], [kin'sl'y:] RC1991 Kan slew, Keoun=slew LCB1704, Keonslew LA 1728-1750, Kionsleaw 1732D01733(2), Kionsliew 1740DO 1740(4), Koan=Slew 1748/49DM1761(1), Kionsleaeu GE1749/50DM1750 (7), Koinsleaue 1757DO1757(2), Kione Sleaw 1759D01759(3), Kionslieu 1767D01772(3), Kione Sleau 1768D01769(3), Koain Sliewe 1771D01772 (1), Kione sleow 1779DO1782(2), Keon Sliew LA1783, Kionslue 1790 DM1794(4), Kione Sleow GEI793DO1796(8), Kion Slieu LA 1795/6, 1816, 1869, Gloneslieu (sic) 1803D01803(8), Kione Shleau 1803DM 1832(4), Kione Sleue 1808DM1808(3), Kionshleau MAdv.17.12.1808, Kion-slieu 1819DM1819(3,4), Kownslieu MSun 25.09.1832, Kionsleiugh MSun 16.01.1835, Kionsliew MAdv. 14.01.1840, Kionsleau CS1841, Koinslieu 1845DO1845(2), Kionslieu Foxdale CS 1851, Kion slieu LA 1858, Kionsleau, Kionsleaw CS1861, Kionslieu, Kionsliew LA1869, Kionslieu House CS1881, Kionslieu LA1881-1911, Kionslieu ONB1956 SC27NE SC2850 7829 (fmhs). • 'mountain end' Mx; cf. G. ceann sleibhe. -KIONSLIEAU Kionslieau (obsol.) ONB1956 SC27NE. QL fm in SC28807839. -KIONSLIEAU MOOAR Kone slewe moar GE1735DM1736(8), Kyonsleaue moar 1743DM1744(1). • 'big Kionslieau'; cf. Kionslieau. KIRK MALONEY Kirk Maloney LBS1585. On Ballelby.

131 • 'church of Maol Domhnaigh/Maloney'. Domhnach 'of the Lord/Church'. Also known as Keeill yn Chiarn (qv). KIRK PATRICK BRIDGE (over the River Neb adj. Knockaloe Beg) Kk Patrick Bridge 1767D01767(3). See also Camerill's Bridge & Glenfaba Bridge. KITTERLAND [kitelan], [kualan] JB1990, [kitoland] LC1991 SC27NW centred at SC24907779. • See Kitterland RU. It is not known why this name was applied here. Small river just north of Claughbane, Glen Rushen. KLOCK MOOREY (adj. Knock y Chishtey) Klock Moorey 1761 DO 1761(2). • '(?field) of the big stones' Mx. (...ny) clagh mooarey, cf. ScG. (machair nan) clock mdra, w. ellipsis of a noun of locality. KLONDIKE ROAD [klgn'deik] PK 1991, [öa klondaik] JQ1992 Fourth class road from the St. John's-Foxdale Road (the Broogh Vrisht) traversing the eastern side of Slieau Whallian towards the Garey; beginning SC28SE SC27678073. So named, according to OT, from the time of the Klondike Gold Rush, ca. 1850. KNOCK MOOAR AbQL (BBS) Knockmoar 1733DM1734(8), Knock Moar in Dawby 1756D01757(3), Knockmooar 1781DM 1784(3), Knock-mooar 1815DM1816(5), Knockmooar 1820DO 1821(1), the Knock Moar 1826DM 1826(2). • 'big hill' Mx; Ir. cnoc m0r. Knock can hardly survive genuinely in a Gaelic context, but with the development of (G.) cnoc (Phillips knock) to cronk, with the transference of the nasality to the vowel and its expression as a consonantal η (g before a velar), knock was arrested by the movement of the name into English, where the k- of kn- was silenced in the 17th century; cf. Manx surnames like Kneale ('ic Νέϊΐΐ) with the vernacular /kre:l/ (in which the vowel has also been affected by the history of English sounds to give /ni:l/). See also Cronk Mooar & Cronk Vooar. FN: cooilbane heese 1820D01821(1), Cold ben below (adj. HR) 1825DO 1825(1) 'lower white nook' Mx.

132 -cooilbane heose 1820D01821(1), Cold ben above (adj. HR) 1825D01825 (1) 'upper white nook' Mx. -magher kell 1815DM1816(5) 'narrow field' Μχ. magher keyl. -magher-charnane 1815DM1816(5) 'cairm field' Mx. magher carnane. Int.: Slatt Erey (cf. Slot Eary below) (adj. Mtn S) 1826DM1826(2); cf. Slogh Eary below. KNOCK NA HEARY LA Knock-na-Heary-La M/JC1784. • 'hill of the day watch' Mx. knock, cronk ny h-arrey laa. In this case ny may be correct (ScG. na faire g.), though C gives arrey as masc. Now Peel Hill. According to Cubbon (1930: 260), the hill for the day watch for Patrick and German was Knockaloe Hill. This is known today as Corrin's Hill, and the above name on Corns's map (1784) likely refers to the whole hill, including the section known today as Peel Hill. KNOCK Y CHISHTEY QL (TR-Alia Dalby; also known as Ballacooil) Knock=kishty (comp. Richd. Quoole 1643) LCB1704, Knocke Kistey, Knockekisty 17070D27/M1711, Knock a Kista 17120D28/01713, Knock= E=Chishtey or BallaCoole 1749DO1749(3), Knock-E-Chishtey or Balla Coole ("The same Adjoyning to the Sea on the West, and to the Kerrue Keil from the Sea and so Along the Mare Hedges from the Sea to the Upper End of Crot Maddrell on the East and so on the Hedge Between Crott Maddrell and Tallow Ne Folian as the Hedge now Stands And Down between the Mauney and Crott Maddrell and so along South West Between Crott Maddrell and sd Mauney and then to the South Between Lough Molla and ye Mauney and on ye sd Hedge as it now Stands and then to the South Between Klock Moorey and Tallow Tessen and on the Boundary Between Balladda and the sd KnockE-Chishtey or otherwise Balla Coole Down to the Sea. He the sd [John] Quirk Reserving a Road for himself[...]from the Mauney thro Logh Molley Along by the South Hedge Between Clock Moorey and Lough Molla and so Down the Strand and ye Hough as the sd Quirk now Goes or Uses...") 1761D01761(2), Knock Ε chistey 1764D01766(2), Knock Kishtey ("...now Ballacooil, may perhaps have taken its name from the great block of stone with a smaller one facing it which borders the Bayr Mooar near the farmhouse") Gi/I:472-473.

133 • 'hill of the (stone) chest' Mx; Ir. cnoc an chiste. See also Cronk y Chishtey & Knockusky. FN: faij ne skeag 1764DO1766(2) 'homefield of the hawthorns' Μ x j a a i e ny skaig. KNOCKALOE QL (TR-Knokallowe) [nok'eilo] lp 1990/91, [nok'eda] JI 1990 Knokhauley SCR1417/18, Knockallow LCB1647, Knockaloe LCB 1679, 1705/60D12/01707, Knockaloe LA1709, Knock-Ally ST1710, Knockalo LA 1728-1750, KnockAloe GE1701/020D2(57), Knockalo, Knockaloe LA1716, Knockalo LA1721, Knockeloe GE1755DO1755(8), Knock Ealo GE1769D01769(5), Knockaloe LA 1783, 1795, 1858, 1869, Knock Ealo 1802D01803(5), Knock Aloe LA 1816, Knockaloe CS1851, 1861. • O l a f s hill, Callow's Hill' Mx; G. cnoc Amhlaibh\ Amhlabh , n. would be the G. version of ON pers. name Olafr. Forms in -o would result from the vocalisation of final -bh. - K N O C K A L O E Knockaloe, alias Knockaloe beg

1763D01764(3);

cf.Knockaloe Beg. -KNOKALLOWE TR Knokhauley SCR1417/18, Knokallowe LA 1515, Knokallo LA 1526, Knockalloe LA 1542, 1650, Knockallowe LA 1594, 1640, Knockalo LA1721, 1728, 1740, 1750, Knock Aloe LA1816, Knockaloe LA 1627, 1673, 1716, 1709, 1783-1911; cf. Knockaloe above. KNOCKALOE BEG QL (TR-Knokallowe) [nok'eilabeg] GK1990, EM 1991, [nDk'edo beg] BQ1990 Knock=Aloe Beg LCB 1704, Knockaloe beg LA 1709, Little Knockalow 17140D32/M1714, Knockalo begg LA 17211750, Knockealo beg LA 1728, Knockaloe beg 1732DM 1733(3), Knockaloe Beg 1751D01751(6), Knockaloe Bege 1751 DM1752(4), Knockaloe Begg GE1755DO 1755(12), Knockalo-beg LA1761, Knockaloe Beg (nr. "Kk patrick Bridge") 1776D01778(6), Knockaloebegg LA 1783, Knockaloe Begg/ begg LA 1795/6, Knock alio Beg 1796D01796(1), Knock Ealo beg 1802DM 1802(2), Knockalloe-Beg 1812D011818(1), Knock Aloe beg LA 1816, Knock-aloe-beg 1824D01824(2), Knockaloe beg CS1841-1861, Knockaloe Beg/beg, Knockaloe begg LA1869, Knockaloe beg LA1858, 1881-1911, Knockaloe Beg CS1871, Knockaloe Begg CS 1881, Knockaloe-beg CS189, Knockaloe Beg ONB1957 SC28SW SC23768266. Group of buildings.

134 • 'little Knockaloe' Mx. FN: Close Mc e-Tear 1752DM1752(5) 'Mac y Teare's, Teare's Close' Mx. -Cronk Ε willin (adj. "the Gairree" N, "the Long feild & Bige Meadow" W) 1751DM1752(4) 'the mill hill' Mx. cronk y wyllin. -Faij Craine 1754DM1754