Salamaat! Learning Arabic with Ease: Learn the Building Blocks of Modern Standard Arabic (Includes Free Online Audio) [Bilingual ed.] 0804850151, 9780804850155

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O The Audio Recordings from the enclosed Audio CD may also be Downloaded. 1. Make sure you have an Internet connection. 2. Type the URL below into your web browser. http://www.tuttlepublishing.com/salamaat-learning-arabic-with-ease-downloadable-content For support, you can email u s at [email protected].

Olds

[amaat!

ic b a r A g n i n r a e L Ee with HEZI BROSH, Ph.D.

TUT TLE Publishing Tokyo

| Rutland, Vermont | Sing

apore

TT

T E TT e e

ABOUT TUTTLE

7

+

rd: Ea

+i r

ry

Ce

“Books to Span the East and West”

IE

Our core mission at Tuttle Publishing is to create books which bring people together one P.at a time. Tuttle was founded in 1832 in the

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mental values remain as strong today as they were then—to publish best-in-class books informing the English-speaking world about the countries and peoples of Asia. The world has become a smaller place today and Asia’s economic, cultural and political influence has expanded, yet the need for meaningful

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Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of

Distributed by:

Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

North America, Latin America & Europe Copyright © 2018 by Hezi Brosh Cover image © aldomurillo | istockphoto.com

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|

pEDICATION oe

I dedicate this book to: ~ ~ + oo M y wife Sarit, -

M y daughter Shani and her husband Nadav, M y son Rahn and his wife Teresa, M y grandchildren Shira,Rotem and Raphael and Nina, and to the lovers o f Arabic wherever they

are.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PP

1-41

od

\

UNIT 1

”

A> 4

0

ell]

What is your (m. s.) name?

[

(f

J.

¢)

0.)

% ¢a ~ end }

fram?

LVL.

am from New York State

8

& PRONUNCIATION

‘alif, ’alif hamza

j 7

baa

-

nuun

yaa

€

thaa

2

4

$6

- -

hk tlgi a l l 5

0,8,

8

Oy

g\

3

el

9

9

Co

U5

e l pill rnd]

Gender

What (preceding nouns)

Le

Vocative particle

L

Where, where from

22

The vowels

i

oo

J¥

GRAMMAR

14

3

a adh o a d

3) -

19

7

ell

faa

waaw

°2% °

ei 0

18

©

Le

gos 4 g p n Uf

How are you (m. s)? LETTERS

°Z

S U Loo!

CONVERSA TIONS

an h e a r e Aal rv a v W VV liViv YUU

g|

”

sv

op os

¢

CHC

AY

oo

r= Wr — mew Fl -

ew

F

Zl

_

damma

SY

kasra

—

re

fatha

Lengthening letters

fps

¢

LUE]

CONVERSATIONS

Lady Till (of

209

A t what time is the ’iftar?

221

A distance of two steps from here Lia 0 p o dg l a

230

Happy Holiday.

¢ 3

GRAMMAR

215

The noun

216

The adjective

217

Noun-adjective phrase

218

The ordinal numbers

218

The time

226

Auxiliary vowels

236

All, every

238

Non-human (nouns i n the) plural

242

The root

242

The pattern

X1

0

o

.,.

0

4

o

£

das S s

CULTURE

212

The month o f Ramadan

Happy Ramadan. dl

WT

WES

.

a WE

Happy New Year, Happy Holiday. 232

With your (m. s.) permission

248-291 U N I T 7 CONVERSATIONS

249

H o w old are you (f. 5.)?

256

The best food in the world

268

Don‘t mention it.

277

Where is Rahn?

286

In Rahn’s new apartment

dd]

”

00

1]

»

OF, d a s ob

GRAMMAR

251

Like, similar to

251

Prepositions (to, with)

260

The verb in the past tense

265

Verbs that require prepositions

270

The Forms

~~

(«Jy

V Lif

P|

©

JUG

X11

2

sr 0 »

| S157)

Names of the root’s radicals

yd]

Changes in the pronoun suffixes Prepositions ~~ ( S l ‘ p s

elas]

Dg

Lop ¢ 0 2

cd


A

o8

eg

Ce

5

Vv

3

p

¢ |

SOE

=)

=

2. Guess the meaning of the word “min.”

oT

jy — E E T

Exercise 16. Answer. 1. Where are Rim and Sami from?

I

oR

(¢ s o

of os

(“ . o y K Y

2) of o )

ey

|J a t

Exercise 17. Greet your classmates and ask them wherethey are from.

)

sa

Ls

L

Vocative Particle y a

The vocative particle Ly (ya) is used when addressing someone. It appears before names and titles. Usually it is not translated into English:

ley

y a Rim! y a ‘ustadh Hani (Professor Hani)!

1U a

ya duktuur!

2S 1,

y a rabb (O Lord)!

*

Lui 4 G

O f course there are some English expressions that use the vocative “0,”

as in, “O Lord!” The vocative in English was commo n in earlier times.

‘ayna Rim?

Where is Rim?

‘ayna Sami?

Where is Sami?

$s

lw

of of

!

1

W he re ... fro m ?

m in ’‘ayna?

min ’ayna ‘anta? ~~ Where are you (m. 5.) from?

$i

min ‘aynaNawal? Where is Nawal from?

Clg

oN pl

pn

A

c

7

0

2

ROWE-S.5 PONEJS

1. - Where are you (f. 5s.) from?

3. - What is your (m. 5.) name?

.

- 1 am from America ('amrika).

oo

~

Exercise 18. Translate out loud.

SY Neg e

- M y name is ....

2. - Where 1s Rami from?

4. - I t i s a pleasure.

- It 1s a pleasure (to meet you).

- Rami 1s from Lebanon.

od)

‘anti ?) J 0

I am from Lebanon. Cana min lubnan.) . O l

—

ph

2

4 °

PR Li —

In this example, the preposition “min” is added to the question word ‘ayna. If a preposition is added to a question word it should be used in the answer.

——

S

Py L

Hn.

=]

I

—

=

—

)

—

—

I

\

\

Ino

~~"

j

~~

=

oT

Is

sounds like

|

—

.

93

ldo

—

em—

=

=

Eps:

Exercise 19. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter yaa.

2

5

$0

.

»

,

-

op

OA

ol

3

pe

sO

|

Exercise 20. Listento these words that include yaa and repeat.

Jes io

St

my

e LUST S y d

il

SRE

SY EA

e LIT

3 gros

a

Do you hear the yaa? What do you notice about the yaa?

Exercise 21. Write,

. | gnS final yaa

(§ 1 2

:

3 4

-

< 8

-

9 1 1

ed

-—

=

YN pa

°

-

L 1 2

3

}

—

2

5

-

SI

1

—

2 3

—

4

3

== 00 -=0

o

S

O M A WN—

dJ

fener

my father

= 1

k —

_

ara

e—

ERE

———

—

9

om.

ee

a

7 8

yA

{

ee

—

2 3

+

~

10

11

eo

m y house

on

od

_

]

3

.

—

-—

4

5 é

IR _

comm.

¥

7

8 _

Oo 10

pre

11

hos» pag

OND WN= == 00 -0

consstaposrepome Le.

my daughters L s L o

Ly |

_

,

YY re

nai]

03 lasts

93a

REE

2

>


sounds like the th in thanks.

5

©.

Celedd

5.

s¢

95 J

.

33

~

ges

Exercise 25. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter thaa.

0)

nt

MAR

Ye

2 80

-

cS

Exercise 26. Write. Final thaa

Co

°o

ST

ed

YT

3

2 3

E—

Cod

J

——

6

0 4

dress, clothes

=

J

to

EE

—

2 3 3 6

~

D2

1 9 10

—_—

11

ld

ST, 2 8 T yOy J T ds

vy

a5

Exercise 27. Connect the letters to write the words. ~0

F E E T 5 a n Log)

o b s ,>

Exercise 28. Identity:

- Three letters that share a distinguishing feature. What is that feature? - Two letters that share a distinguishing feature. What is that feature?

1)

— —

pe

The vowels

’‘alharakaat

Arabic has three short vowels: and three silent letters which lengthen the vowels

preceding them (long vowels).

damma l /

—

Amp

A small 4 above the letter. J

|

Pronounced like /u/ as in “blue”: |

fatha jal

—

does

Short downward sloping line drawn from right to left above the letter.

Pronounced like /a/ as in “fat”:

kasrafi/as __

]

.

JU

\

}

po

Exercise 10. Connect the letters to write the words.

et

—

+

0+ (5 + 3 8

a

-

-

raa

-

J:

q

|,

y

_y sounds similar to the Spanish or Russianr.

|

There is no precise English equivalent.

4

|

b—

PT REO

)

STOPSFYNESN

PARTE

ES

I

Exercise 11. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter raa. -

®

~-

dt

oz

~

ym)

.

.¢

(o] Z

Se

o

.Y

”

7

lo

L

A

.Y

So

-

>)

.

2 20

Exercise 12. Write.

NN

v-

NST

o

NY

-

pes

J 1

—--

—

3

:

=— i

—

10 1

y is a non—connector. When you complete it, break the writing continuum. That is, lift your pen from the paper. ”

Ww

God -

]

em Co —

—

i

2

(J

SR

Et

Tz

_

house SE

=

-

—

—

_

wo A - 3

_

]

—-

=

-

=

=

-

=

=

=

i

NE |

SS

Z |1 9

SER

—— cp —— aver evr — We

—_—

—_— err

me

—— — ares are

— — —_

“ON

—-

=O

eo

ON OLA WN = =O

me IL

-0

a

———

Hh)

ee

N

Ed

OVA W N

——

AVY 0 L I N )

JE

i

——

-—

i

—

|

—

~O

|

|

.

= o i \O 0 0

|

U

{

—

1

{

|

—

|

i

| |

|

H i" ot

-0

|

Nn

|

|

|

|

a

-—

-

SJ

B

Zaail

_y sounds like z. -”

[v

sl

2.

0.

2d

”~

«2 p > S E E R

>

2

2

gests

z-

3

~

o

0

a

. VW m e d

Exercise 1 3 . Listen and repeat, then identify the letter zaai.

0)

Ww

o

£

”

(Sj

.

.¢

fo.

Sy

Lo» JP

Ogu) . ¥

oy

.

Cy

£20

Exercise 14. Write.

NST

4

o

LV E e

J —

J

3 To

|

y i s a non-connector. When you complete it, break the writing continuum.

That is, lift your pen from the paper.

to visit

ns

Jt |

id E ©

J J .

O¢ - } "2

sos 3 rAd)

2

= =O ON -0O

olives

2 : 1S

2 oo.

C \. N

)

Ra

49

=

= a OWN OVID WN= -0

minister (goverment)

ITs

28Ty By

SUIT,

pp a

Vo

Exercise 15. Connect the letters to write the words. w

Sm

O+V+ + + ] 2

_

ee —

_

~~

C++

x

°

-

yr (SrP

am—

LY

.

oO

o_o

P|

S$ +t y t y +

a

_

So

o

2.

nl

8.

. 32.

0

0

.

EAE J e t

oR

4

Z

APOE

Exercise 16. Circle the letter that you hear. SO

oo

.

.

)

>

-

J

-

|

g

JF

2

J)

>

SRE

SUR

oo

r

s

SY

903

$

5

5

Ly

5.

1

bh

=

>

o

)

3

3

$

po

0

or d

F(z) 3

house 9 3

of

»

35

he visited

SEY

ear

’

20

Beirut

Dinar (currency)

0 9y d

>

lg 0.

20.

|

||

’

olives

0 g y> )

|

* The letter a (jiim) stands for the wordo e Exercise 17. Read, then copy.

Cs

oil

{

>)

(jam‘) meaningplural.

aP E A

o 95,5 A Y omP e Ww

7”

7

2

(S$ 9 d 3PIE

Ans

Sty

JA

ol

2

TIEY

LoL

.

Lys

©

SPU P I E R Ao.

Los

d eoe S e

o.

ola

~ ~ QO »

(J 0

I

pail

VA

LA

ge

Exercise 18. Marwan is listening to a voice mail from Nabil. 0.

nl

3

©

3

fs

0g

~

et

©. y

°2

,

Answer out loud. Where is Nabil?

¢J

J

INLSo-gSi , vil| y e n

A

J)

Je

0

Oly

or

Se

Exercise 19. Nabil is listening to a voice mail from Marwan.

anil

V4

pa

: e

B

Exercise 20. Describe the picture.

+-

-

9

TE

.

pie. Ere ; rs |

3

%==

=

f

wv i THE & J

b

pf

-

SRF |

APR

rr :

yg S07 : , 2 0 p o d

-»

-

-q.

a

r.

1

Se

-

_

7

_

NSE \

“Te

oo

]

——

laam

J

WN

J

J sounds like the 1 as in Linda.

|

youl

2

33a

oF last

pnoi]

Y\ Cr

Exercise 21. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter laam.

1]) pe

Olwd

-

.¢

JUSSI

-

Is

Ww

Ly

CTS F Y D n i d Poo me

patty te

{

f

4

Sled

. gS

Exercise 22. Write.

0

i

YY mes

hasan -

A ——————.

i

En

=

-

Ww—

———

-_

_

_

mm

:

——

I — t ed \D)O N

YN

WN

!

!

|

i

OVNAWN-

=O

|

|

|

|

|

|

_

=D

— BN -—

VILL W N

he

—=0

SE ——————

iS a non-connector.

===

WN~

cities, country 3 H

Nh

Sub /

SY9

boys

= = \OON A N H WN—-

~

=0

>

1 2 3

_ — —

—

—-

3

-

3 ——

- . 5:

—

|

|

_ Se

—

=

—

—

—_—

—

7 8

. 4

-

5

6

a natlil

OO

9

FARNEY YY i -

he

-

hd

ol

|

]

|

i

|!

)

|

|

, |!

RB

|

.

N

-

~ a0 0 0 M N =0

LJ

-0O

-

{

-_

|

-

i

-

!

“0

= = OO OND WN=

—_—

—_

DRWN=

-

1 1

STs Y Y e d !

T i5 Ty Oy

old Exercise 23. Connect the letters to write the words.

—C—

+l

S+3+d

\

4

~—

eens

—e—

IEEE

em

vga]

Salad

Jr

ea m—

S+d

Y

Dag

rls

+d

oY

+d

ro

. ¢

o

1

father of.. .

Lebanon

father o f Nabil

Leban ese

(f. name)

Libya

Londo n

Libya n

Japan father

Japanese

boy, child

Greec e

city

Greek

I have

Jordan

no, not

Jordanian (

|

well mannered (also m. name) « = 31 ”

light (also f. name) ~~ 4

pS P05 Spen d (S155 YE ped Exercise 24. Read, then copy in your notebooks. —

95

of

O l y OLLIE a

Jeg

4

A

9

Le

Lo -,

o2

yg (Lvisited) y y . w

2

240 4

cot

mdi

lg

ppd BREE

Y

any -

J o Vv

LA

M y son is in London. Dina’s house is in Beirut. ,

2

ow

240 2

S A P O P RJL

« 1 s attached t o the word that follows it: ”

w fod

O34,

Leds -,

\

.0

2Y

o> 3

”

2

p|

py

,

°c

0

Vala

Yo

a

gas

JO WC =

Exercise 25. Listen and repeat. Then identify the letter siin.

10)

3

-

Li) s u

.¥

:

£

Exercis e 26. Write. final siin

Ba

tA 1 2 3

o—

-

4

:

5

0

{

6

—

_

_

|I 8

PE e d

7 9 10

n

J:

P

DY sant

Syria

!

-

ra

——

—

: Sum

Ep

a

N

4m W

JUNE

£2 4

me

___7 5

7

a

10

a

—~

1

man, human being

| 70

-

-

A

a

iN

—_

J

em

7

~

: 2

.

|.

1B

—

o

~

.

3

I |

3

&

6

7

8

ER—

11

jg!

A

p--A_° To

-

vs

Sh

I study ~

o

_

B

-

I

— 13

1

5

6

¥9

oJ oo

10 11

|

=NMFND

.

or N N E C NOT r r !

eT

Or

||

MOOV = r

N

ny

‘

yo

Sound

Ca

oO QQ

=

>

-

©

0

7p}

bt

x “

im

} H i

™5

a !)

i

Or =NMNMTNO NBN er

waea

sew

~~ DO

ns

|

|

’

TT

>|

| |

l

w— ——

7) tongue, language

1 ] |H

Jd \

IR i XE i

———————— Ar Ce. R

_» sounds like sh in shadow. $

a.

ymin

oo.

| a

.

¢

95 A

3

5

32

3d

B

~

0

te]

pe

~— | g d p -

-

Exercise 27. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter shiin. ”

od

“.

.

”’

”

”

“.

»

.

A820

Exercise 28. Write.

final shiin

2

-

°c

— ]

3

3

S— —

Sn

|

8

N e m STUYA o p p o

AI

: I

—

Onthe yw there are three dots (like those in the letter Co) centered above the letter.

young man

jen

Fo

-0

fo - d «= AD 00 ~ ] M L L

> EE

|

!

|

|

{

|

i

1

|

3

Wh) —

(Mm. name)

- La

0

he drank

]

=

—

To

N

a

_

—

—

Ta

Ry

S—

|GE

_

FCT

£m

TTT

TT

re

7

- 1

8

.

eae

— 10 11

TT

_

_

_

_

-

—

—_—

oo

——

ea

2

Z

A

»~

0

”

he drinks / he will drink ~~ d y J

a Id

Tr

|

~

1

_

ean,

J

:

al

9

10 11

ld

SIT1,25 Oy T, d T Ls v a oy 5

Exercise 2 9 . Connect the letters to write the words.

etiZI

_

m—

pm.

9+

p+

OF

2

ww

—

oJ +

J —

_—

: 2

0

family eh

—

em

em

Tm

-

-

}

_

i

o_o

mm

— —

—

yo |

—]

pa

——

Aad

Nn

Fal

5

Es

ee

—

£

»

.

—

6

— —4 9

Cem

——

I

210

11

dsl S

writer()

ep

— cm

TI

SUSYJ

TT

-

5h

a

>

J E T S e551J SVT

te

7

A—

/

oo

Exercise 45. Change the noun to feminine according to the example. w®

La)

She is Iranian.

_

w

pe

(=>)

,

Bhs

-,

°2)5

w

ed

-

4

4804.

w

_

~

A

oo

-

—

~ A

PSII

>

ol

-~

0

oR

Y

-

8

Jes

gre t A

LE

gg

TR

i IR 0

wl

, . =

L__TIey

J

a.

Py

When the vowel at the end o f a word is doubled, the sound “nuun” is added to _

#

the vowel. This is calledCOJot; (nunation). Additional e x a m p l e : M g .

Malis

¢

’

’

-

»

’

|

4 oJlA

8!

“

TE

———

go

=

\

Oo

dm

\

a

f=

0

~~

-0o

4

Slut sr

.”

uly

Ro

|

-

of

eS

eo

LW 9

.Y

CSS

A

sz

~»0

4

Ay y gan 8 ] wd

3.

oO

”

“w had

»

J

¥%

Ve

Ss

2_

’

d i y oS A S S yy

\Y

&

a

or

.4

-

so

pr

CL

So

Only i n print, a long straight line can be inserted between letters style purposes. This line has no meaning: N E .

however, such a long line represents the letter

Wie

ize }

oF

f

a 9

A

fi

!

In handwriting,

(iin).

|

This greeting expresses Arab hospitality. It is a short way of saying, “You came

t o our family (Jb ) and your stay with us will be easy and pleasant ( | y 2). T h e appropriate answer is S J / o v M n 9

Rashida’s mother

“Saf.(Welcome to you.)

8 hh

éS y

The word 5.4I means “mother.” When this noun is followed by another noun 3d)

it creates a noun-noun phrase. In this structure the 8 is pronounced ”

7

’

6

Xx

$

”

as & : waalidat Rashida (80-5 ; 4 1 9 ) . Examples: N g g u i g }

(the State o fNew York); gEsy L e

(my daughter’s car).

RUSS of g r o

1.

The letter (¢ is a non-connector.

2.

Inthe word

(Fe

Exercise 47. True or false.

In the word i l s

E Y omo S

3L=".1the second‘alif is pronounced. the letter after the taa 1s nuun.

”~

4.

Inthe word S l s

you should lengthen only thefatha before the ‘alif.

5. In the phrase J o n o f the 4 in o f does not lengthen the damma preceding it. 6.

The vowel preceding the lengthening letter 4 is always damma.

7.

The letter & does not have a similar sound in English.

8.

The vowel before a is alwaysfatha.

9.

Aconnected (J at the end o f a word shifts downward.

10. In the phrase U s b slg the 8 is silent. 11. When the vowel at the end o f a word is doubled, the sound “nuun” is added to

the vowel. 12. When a suffix is added after a it becomes o , AANAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARAAAAAALALDDL

SOL

dddddododsdss

ao

A

ARAARAAADDADDDDD

DD

LDL

ODO

O

6

O

DO ly

$

Literally: A day for you and a day against you.

$

Meaning: A good day and a bad day (It is said on a “bad day.”)

3

(One of those days) TV

VV

}

3 VV

VT

J

vv

OY

OP

OV

VV

VAAN

OP

VOY

YT

I study the Islamic religion. »,

”

\~/ \&"

y

|

>

|

//

be!

0,

~, © o b

:

¢

| y

~~

2

oP

pl

>”

'

\ [!

Z

P

A

.

0

2

LoS

Je

-

©

©

\

p-

Pa)

|i

s

had

PEE

“- ”

1]

.

~~»

2

LB

0 °o

A

Ao




R 2 02

28

,

Ls

O d pepst

~

0,

,

»

pape)

02

Te

331,

0

Py

,

20

EE

NY SEE I L I ]

Ww

~

~

%

r-

Ov | POUR ]

or

Seg fo

~

REL

.

a

oo

2

_

4

E—

——

Cop

dnt

¢

cdf f y i

oie

es

oY

BU [ S S p u BL

3. -

0.»

A

,

é

-

PERCE

fl

Le

0

2

Phe

.Y

BL

RUWE-5.5 PONE“36

Exercise 2. Translate out loud. 1. -

2

rr

40”

Bo

«2

Jo

4-0

JUBIPS oy \ C ra s

. Logit

Exercise 1. Answer out loud.

°o J

SEN

2. - What does Nabil study?

Where is the professor?

He studies languages.

-

In the library.

Hello (Peace be upon you).

4. -

What do you study? I study Arabic and Spanish.

-

”

2

So

Hello.

LO gw y d

,

130US E N J I S

re

Exercise 3. Ask your classmates what they study. 2

CJ L

J

Lge

8

807%

2

SLL 8

S02

SLL

15d

Bo

.,

~,

C 0 por Li p o y So

fd

Li r j

S55 Lys odin

Exercise 4 . This i s Nabil and thisis Dina. Talk about them.

13a »

HW

Jo

1a

8 By

ma—shaa’a—LLaah

J

Ls

What God has given [amazing!] “ma-shaa’a-LLaah” ( 1 ¢ a Le) literally means “What God has given!” [meaning: Amazing! How nice! How beautiful!]. In Ammiyya (the spoken variety) these three words are combined together and are pronounced as

one word: mashaL La. This expression includes the name of God to protect one from evil spirits and from the evil eye that might unintentionally destroy goodness. People hang signs with this expression o n it in houses

and businesses, and stick them on car windows for protection. ma— shaa’a—LLaah also expresses happiness, thanks and appreciation to God

for the blessings and the good things that He gives. If, for example, you see a friend’s child and learn about his or her success in school, you

should say ma-shaa’a—LLaah. Or if you want to tell your friend that his new car is beautiful, you should say, ma—shaa’a—LLaah.

The reli gio n professor 2

R

ge.U T E

0

2

i s a phrase in which two nouns come one after the other (a

noun-noun phrase — ‘idaafa - isla).

In the ’idaafa construction the

second noun modifies the first one (professor of religion). This

phenomenon o f a noun which modifies another noun exists also in English: fire truck, school bus, cheesecake, university professor, cat food, and so on.

# sounds like m .

y

—

-

;

0

.

s¢

_o.

.

§

4

3

~

|

z-

0

©

-

Exercise 5. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter miim. .

Ca

.Y

us

LY

pod]

Balik

530

°o

ST

Ng

Exercise 6. Write.

2

pt pe

0

A

— H A

Le

did not (preceded by a verb in the past tense); what (preceded b y a noun) oT

2

To

Co

i

CT

i

B

172° _3

TT

_—

ey

—

4 5S 6

~~

king _

_—

TT

_

_

Gla

1

rs

—5 | /

»~ 0

’

2 3

5

A — Ph UA B L

When o follows a J that is not connected to the previous letter the ¢ can

connect with the J in two ways: 13US 13U

Ud

Pp

Oo. fd

the king

Sd 3

1

“7 §

;

/

-

2

yg

/

= O 00N OVD W N

~0

—

-

h

s

the engineer B a

connected é not connected

v=MAD

Or P O D Ch r o e e

they (m.p l )

LJ

[I]

Qe

pon g u

| WH

|

||! |

|

|

|

|

|

He

aE

BR

f

FAMTNONOO SE

\

ee

o

Cd

|

Ny |

S

=

=

2

oO

=

=

8 2

=

|

Np

°

a_ |

> 3 ©

:

;

~NMTNO NDO r

w=

:

}

|

ow

UNO N O O N

|

boy

0

NM

|

}

|

E E|

|

|

Cl

'

|

'

Yj)TEA

YI

AM

|

|

J

|

|

Po

Cy

NN

|

a

N

Co

oo

|

1

I

|

Co

a

oi

R=

gS [1]

o) ht

A

\

\

J

A

a

B

=

Nl rl

|

*

|

|

BREE |

ft

|

|

ili 1 |

|

|

| -

a.

§

|

NE

:

a

x | ine

| by

When # follows

or & or & or O or «$ the connecting line of these

darr—

1 | J LIN

-0

= = O 00

ON

FN

-0

N OWN W R

Nh

“

\

WN=

rm

TR SRE REALS[et A E|A Exercise 7. Connect the letters to write the words.

Q jy


-|9 . 4

sea

cel

ay

Joy

oC

Jo

Le

of J T

’

vy

condition

.

©

cA

sedT on S50 5

Of poe Lyd BT ( S n ”

JL

=

So

LAST

Jl>

.\

Im. name

SU{IS

. &

sister

oa

YY

A

SUT

2557)

|

oa

Exercise 9. Read the words in the previous exercise to your classmates. Ask indica te i f the word conta ins the letter z o r the letter C -

re

them to

pn]

o »

>

FN

9 3 d o oS ) g r e f y

PERN

Exercise 10. Listen and repeat, then identify the letterjiim . Jo

>

¢

g .Y

dns

|v

dodo

250

Exercise 11. Write.

3

N x ST da

-—

~7 V4

JF £

[| | 4

6

~

8

’

7

9 10 11

VY e d

°

—

:

I

~~

|

J

-

fo

mosque

JS e n A -

23

1 2

oo

AS

2

’

Pd ”

ow

A title given to a Muslim after making the pilgramage to Mecca.

BE

— SE

d

T S1

hind

7

— ~ pd

0

IS.

> a

6 7

19

Su

281

Cd,

Oy

VY r e a

SITs

Exercise 12. Connect the letters to write the words.



:

C

1

AY

Ly

b

>

g

s

o

>

—

GS

a

—

m=

2

Mm: =

5

ry

o

8

\R

>

om

LV

g

° 2

SO j

J

3

L)

$

|

Eo

p

:

Ve

AY

1

_

.

8

+]

rd




Coy

brother «a

y

o

PR

8

o>) ( © )

©

sister

|

Thursday

you]

£92 J La

uncle (maternal)

Ol

go]

“

%

(z)

>|

id

z

&| °,

J

how many, how much

|

I have ne

~~

| uncle (paternal)

(z) dao

university a s l

Exercise 14. Read.

ib) Lo

pili

”s

QO.

7

Gale 3 3

20

one

J

|

9

: calm

2. I n words that end with

Coa

¢

ob

¢

a=

So

6

ZS

Yor

3

20g

1.

o

\a

NY ~~

|

>»

ro

*

A é

1

ys Pr

-

¢

SZ

& oH

©

IN \%

ps

3 the ¢ takes B P . ,

oo A I T o il fn a Oo

$oan

s on the J .

o

Ro.

2

--

Bot J -

~

0

”»

—

SE

RT

pe’

ss

sent

a

.

SUL d l O aIT Le C l a

i"

STs

”

oS

vy

(1) Joes] Exercise 22. Add the appropriate vowel on the letter preceding ’alif wasla.

’

EY

°

sO

©

o ~» o d

Aoludliebld])

0

J

Se

So.

(n ow )

OVI 0ST 2

L

Jt

[you m . S . D

. Ns]

ey

fo

x ~

20

2,

4

——

—

0

ov . 0

S20 A 3 .




as substitutes for the letters of

the root. The first letter o f the root (the first radical) is represented by the letter

h separate subject pronouns when conjugating verbs, because the subject is

I wrote

You (m. 5.) wrote C a S

They (m. pl.) wrote |Jory

(

)

He wrote

(or )

She wrote

Al L/S

S P s (BG a t t l

2820

05

8

%

x ST S L E 5 ’

NY

eS

Exercise 12. Conjugate out loud, then write the conjugation in your notebooks. ;

-,

’ 7

;

PEP

The dual is created b y adding | to: cr

T h e y (m. dual) wrote

AOL

so,

rp L x2S Lena

w=

»x zi S

|

They (f. dual) wrote

( vay . Y

(2)

Unlike the regular silent itt

at the end of a word, the silent _xa{f

that indicates the dual lengthens the iezs preceding it.

| Ca

YT

J) J a i l s

he vr

68a y L a l a

Exercise 13. Identify the verb in the past tense and its pronoun, then translate

the sentences into English.

LUT a t l

e n d l USSD, ~GalT s GAL ro

A, 04

,

,

~

0

sr B L

-¥

oii

A

canal

50

.$¢

LG B L

2

.oYT (until)

OAT

=r>y S R Y

J) Jou

rd

.

0

e way and have the same sam the in ted juga con are 1 \.J 2 in bic Ara in bs ver | All suffixes. The basic form of Paaanll i s the third person masculine singular (he) sz

92

which has no suffix.

JU IOH|

wg

a

E

se

[ISEL 4 ME L O S S A

V£ o r a

—

S80

IPE

ee

Exercise 14. Conjugate out loud, then write the conjugation in your notebooks. ¢

Jui

¢«

ed

¢

Sw

PU mia

(he rented) e T

$

~

380

ass

&

+8

0@,

0

o0@

2

23

°

Exercise 15. Say the appropriate verb out loud, then write it. ss

cx”

(UT — 5 )

Cd

(of

=

-

(2

ays

~~ 0

rs

el

51

ll)

vo,

—2)

2.

¢

0

pa

RE

SUI

¢ oe]

|

GONE

w

#0 4

ec

U-5.A |

"SUNS | P U S S

-

3.

i

all

RES A R

—23)

—

(=

Dr

,

0

Jas uy 0,

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

-

A

rm

o

EVRY

=

5

2

1]

’

o » o®

yr

»

05

«

0

0

2

&

Exercise 16. Choose the correct Arabic translation.

La

$3

xdT |9l i n ]

ES

La

Ls,

. don

p-

fo

~», ©

.

0

* tn

2. They (m.) rented the apartment. . i a

fis

an

co

caw

1. We didn’t know his name.

BPA AANSEC E I

3. We spoke with him yesterday. . j e l ans

Id

EIST j v

4. Did you (dual) eat? 5. She traveled a year ago.

6. When did you (£ pl.) return?

LIST a ”

i

a

tn)

CH

A

2,08

0

~

c w le Olu ¢

feo

Conary

.

, »

oto

|

A

.

I

2

ql

25 $

S50

,

.

.

&

ol

°o ~ PAPE FE J WE | FUELof IGIY ESN| F E SWOE SOUT IN4 TRUIG sr

o@.

5

SRR

Exercise 17. Say aloud according to the example, then write the sentences

in your notebooks.

’,

@

3

sr

fog

s,s 2

SE SNES

D SJ

=

Ro,

sr

”

Ro

9.

°Z

Codi 0g

&

~

’

«

(m) Le»

¢

2

’

’

0

2,

2.4

~0

4,

&

co 2

°

7

zs . 7

Verbs that require prepositions

While some verbs do not require a preposition after them (to connect to the (to rent) does not

object), other verbs do. For example, the verb l a ) & -

»

»

~»

0

0

, s%

.

> >

PEPE

.

Co.

He rented an apartment. The verbs -’

and J a s ) require prepositions: i n a l )

from the university,

55C A L

as)

’

a

s

9 -

‘

| Bel Pate. H e graduated

H e called theprofessor (f.).

—

_

[~~

—

LT

Exercise 18. Complete the sentences.

gg

| SUDO Es

J

SA —

fp.

0

UNF 1 S T

kJ UFR

C NCy ot

p

VI

——

ys .

»0

BEAL

SU

SE

V A om,

Co

Co

(pot

2

2

¢ (dinner) a a d ]

UTR vo.

Ls

@

J» CY

that (followed b y subject)

|

~~ Of

thankfulness, thanks food

thing, something 2

5

to feel (that...)

8

0

”

WwW s s « £

sor

EA

Of R a n d ( 2 ) S I R

a.

duty, assignment

”

n e CCSTE S T

aTT 150) va e d

[ ]

(4235

(

¢

yw

ta

o

¢

¢

5 lL

id gab)

SLT

JA

g

el

oo

29.

-

pladalfco ny imal dl 3 ad a JSST 0 -

(Cm

§n

rd

§

2

®

~

"

-

04

Lu”

so

—

Exercise 19. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

02

”

G (thank you very much) J

vy Sp

BRET 0

0

,0

Ss

Re

Calf

(Jeon)

rh,

BT

BR

YDICREPES 5

0

0.

WAS

oo

PY IW

JSG

A

0% ,

JOU

s

SA

”

AR

PC

tT o

-

. e Sa5

0»

VI

Sal

falade TOE a S T r

Uasyl

o l y Je K Y

P P A| JS CES SRS MN JUUARE HF Ur

pr

cs

-

OO

°o ~» ~

JEP

Gb co

»

-

£2

5

es

Oliw

oO

Exerc ise 20. True or false?

O

OO oO

8 , bll

lL

ay f a

i s8 ,

.Y

aml of IKE oy

o

2.

of

” LJ

pan]

lal)

8

-»

§ JS SP FURS I , 0.

OO oO

OO OO oO

NJ SVRPIN

—

~

oO

~

PA

A

Fla lay uals 0

SY TOS -

or

o O OO o O OO

o O OO o O o Oo

~

Medd UaSYT SsSVT ow La L-

-

00%

4

5

50

435

8

‘7

A

° ~

°

~

Exercise 21. Translate out loud, then write the translation.

1. - Thank you (m. s.) very much.

2.

- Don’t mention it.

3. - Did you (f s.) meet my sister Sarah? 4.

- Yes, I met Sarah. She is a smart girl.

H o w was the food? The food was delicious. [

will see you (m. s.) soon, God willing.

God willing.

a

TT

|

-

Mile

Co

.

j

5 0 T S JU The verbs in Arabic come in different groups: Form s (or patterns Nik91). A Form (a pattern, 559) is a particular grouping o f verbs that have the same features

(vowels, 3J_%, or additional letters) added to the root, and a specific pattern for J E O N | [ verbal noun (gerund) derived from the verb]. The Forms are used to |

classify verbs by these additional features. Each Form has a name and a number

and can be called by either one. For example, you can call Form IL: 20.

0-

r O59 or Jed b yjo). In Arabic there are ten Forms.

The name of a Form is created by replacing the root (the three radicals) o f a Ld

verb in the third person masculine singular in o l e ,

radicals - | = . For example, the verb S i s Lo:

replace its three radicals ( = )

Qe

with the generic

third person singular in with the generic radicals J u r

you get the name of the Form - J s [ Form 1 ] . Verbs like J ,

3

and

that share the same features (pattern), belong to this Form. Another

example, the verb J u radicals ( 2 ) -

—

and

jee)

is third person singular in P e

with the generic radicals j =

Verbs like

Jal

;

Ju

Replace its three

and you get the name o f the Form

and Jels that share the same features

(pattern), belong to this Form [ Form 3 ] .

Jua/adels pel i

3. Form 3

4. Form 4

Jaa)

Jeri

el Jos]

Je

eli]

lS

7 7. Fo rm

JU)

Ja ki

ai)

8. F o r m8

JUass)

Jai

gas

9. Form 9* *

Jo ka )

Form 6

s

3

0

»

”

FEVER FE %*

A

~

0

”

sr

Qz

op

A

ain)

dacs OF §uns ”

| b O59 (Form 1) there are verbs that take i e

in their second radical in P A I

La)

‘Ls

JONES

Jinn]

10. Form 10

* In

g

,

oz

and ayLaeJi. For example: 2

7

or

20

So

yr

»

3,

AS.

* * Form 9 is not productive; meaning, no new verbs could be created using this pattern.

ol

04

l

Glass p e l a

Jerse YY ores

0%

os 0

Exercise 22. Write four sentences in English regarding to the Forms. Example: In Forms 2 and 5 the second radical has a

1.

—

NE

2.

J

I

3.

snore

-

Exercise 23. Write the names of the Forms.

en

_

O53 YT U f

fad

Sf

ke

ey

Jes

pa

cl I

:

SO

dad

CJ

Cr

ee

peen

—

_

Oj

me

A

S

:

4

.

3A.

3,0

ddl

1

ons

JE

Tr

|

TRL \

O rp a

aad

Jun Jes

¢

yw

Pate

Jot fyy

—

la

|v

zr

oO

De

i.

J

\ 8)

a)

q

A fo

J E T Cos O Y TRU 1 x 8 ve p a Exercise 24. Write the numbers o f the Forms according to the example.

Lo SC

£2 0 . LN

ss

Oo. £

SU

ot

o

sr

0

~,0

SYS E T S I

2

s

p-

BAU]

JE SENN

SYS!

2 oo.

EX

o

EL]

0%| TE SO I

UC

2

a|

Er

LS fg 0 . *.

o~ £

SBYSI

20.

Dit

o-

ss

» “

»~

0 ,

——

>

RS

La

JY

ve

_

oo

_

-

—

{

-ull = —_—

re

—

ie L rE

—

RR A o

idly oii CLs a l l e s 0,

~

oe,

0»

0&2

YO ripe

Exercise 25. Write the verbs according to the pattern and the root. °2

Oo

0C«

3 3 oi \

13

0.

jy

_

Jia

ws

2,5

:

JET

o

A

a

i

Jel

EEN WI!

sp

Jats

a l , JUST 1228 vn a3

Exercise 26. Write the verbs in the present-future tense according to the example. ”

ens)

ok

«”

°z

The dash and the 4 > 3 «

”

2

tense (¢.H l a ) .

or

0

2

vv _.

3

bey

‘

.

-

”

.

above it represent the second radical in the present-future

——

”

S T oy > s l

_

Names of the root's radicals (letters) The first radical of the root is called:

Jal

The second radical of the root is called:

Jad

The third radical of the root is called:

cs pt

Jal

oY

The three radicals are written as a word (connected) without vowels. They are pronounced as if each letter has a S Y

ce

OUALE"

Leal

v

s

fa 1.

JET

45)

fad

Exercise 27. F i l lin the blank. “Jt

(shahada J_¢g.5).

et

.¢

s

KX

DL

CedB

Co

Y Y oma

v ; TIA

’, 5

aifS I N S

i

va

Exercise 28. Say out loud the root and the pronoun according to the example. ee, -

»

2

®

ot

y

3

22

0

0 1

JESTLG ¢ladly ally xST va y e s ok

’

,

RR

sr

,

oA

»,

02

Exercise 29. Write the past tense and the present-future tense according to the example.

. .%

Vo]

|

to take place

4

rtd

2.

~

2 9 9 2 ( 0 ) hn>

8

apartment 3 - 4 .

(z)

“2

¥

ial

| os

Log

wl

|

(@ o

J

~~

~-

> hia

Nay

“iy —

i

__ H 1

\

i

———

Te

ee

-~

2

ab

noon

~

||

i

|

— m— — Wg

3%

2,00

”’

»

cr

Anggs l o AH

Listen to the conversation, then read it. »

_.

0

[J

A

a

ya)

[3

VAL)MOOS FREETIL N JOA

zs

”

4

~

so

5,048

7

~

¥

caaidly P

Codd)

,

Oo

-

-

4

”

7

8

,

A

2

Pr

w4

,

gg 2

Oly pl

diag J aielldl

ana

,

0 JU Joy : d L

tere o

O

;

6 »r»

| por p e

©

Pi

2

AL

—




U C JT 0J o

BY

soz

2

ad

o

Celadl

We met h i m at the university.

Loa

3

oY

2

> ~~

-

pe o P ,

(2 ) d d s

o

-

Pa

PE

pe

’

Ps

.

040

-

Cr 0

rs

“

,

.

°

a

1

o

A os

Lo,a s »

4%

at

.Y

4A 0 2

Cy

oO

_. o

POOH ED | R O | J

YA Co)

$ 1 afl |g g a l

Exercise 38. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition. ra

EE TY

eb

AT

7

~

eo

EE

olla ”

”

08

,

”

alse of of

3

~

SPC edl

ete z

oo

Ol, c a d . ) 4

2

©

25g L a s )

|

0

’

0

0

2 S Liman)

LY

RE o

1g

CSET

S-

o

J>-le C 5

isla

inal ]

2

° ~~

——pd

sls

Fadl

p

A

’

ss

’

~0 ~

pp

Bld

©

.Y

AI

CdS

eds

Lt Lo

>»

ols

c a r p e t A >A u

oer

aod

on

2

3.

-

| godn

. 7A

.®

( ¢ ) EY

(z)

>

Ola

ok

8

0

sleep

Lil

noon rs

©

»

7

Sly

(2)

© ~

A x)

)

Congratulations!

summer

View

Let’s go!

great

20

184 ,00

~ kitchen

gift, present Ly} d a ( z ) i d a Open! ~

O

fA)

pn

because o f

Walls have ears.

5

|

1—

-

,

&

6

2

3%

o0@.

wu 8




Lb £

SE

BLL

HRW

Jyo” .Y

Stas

La

1

Rg

J

Dnt

N

SOSTEN FER DSR OU wi

.A

Le g o

Lega yor

Exercise 41. Translate out loud.

1

FEE

cL

=

SL

jute

VY

=

A

oY

0 ) 42

o

Sy

ral

o

EN u e

ei

¢

rE

7”

of

2

”

py

Lag]

Listen to the conversation, then read it.

!p o n ]

= isso]

28

ps

poe O y

Las 1 8 )

La

11

Pr

Lida »”

n,Q

/

2

-

-

i

£0 2

© oo» 0 0 ,

zs

.

—_

\

Aaadly

8 eS

Lo

’

0,

0

©

»

oO Pe Je

é

der

p14

:

’

sr

00

1

’

YS N E S ~

® 0

’

/

&

’

»

0

2

i

°~

dunia “

_

d>-La :

1.

’s

Ob,

2

0

exe 11

Lge)

:

ROW

FO EP

)

|

o

0

&

0

,

”

ea U s r p Lum o d a a d s

uals

(

Re

6

0°

y-

e

|

soled o d a

’

(Sls

endl

,

3

-—

Sole

(ol

0

4

3 olay]

Lol

H

Because

of

ar

A fter the word ...—; comes a noun or a phrase (not a sentence): ”

0 »

rin?

can take pronouns: G l y

=

7

7

because o fyou (m. s.)

Exercise 42. Answer out loud, then write the answers. 5”

LN

sr

A

a

PS

v0

BES

4

°Z

d

| o a R I E cpl)

as

—_—

—

ad

3

FY

—_—

FIEYIA

a

sre

s

a

—

Sol anle p d a rrr———

mascemem

w— w

Te

See

hd

04

or

J

o f J y [ (located) A

——

—

r—

—

i

8

P—

»

80,0

0

«2

t

fg

Pa

s,s, Or,

-

’

P E F P L A N S Jtg )e1 Kon

7

°

6

IK

Exercise 43. Majid calls his friend Amjad and speaks with him about Rahn’s

new apartment. Speak with your classmates, then write the conversation in your notebooks.

Jy

The word &

is used to congratulate a person or a group o f people o n

various occasions such as weddings, births, passing exams, successfully

finishing projects, receiving a promotion, or upon graduation. It is also used to congratulate a person upon buying something new. The proper response wou1d

While the Pyramids were built for a common purpose, they varied i

considerably in size. The largest Pyramids are located in Giza, not far from

Cairo. The largest and most famous of them is the Pyramid of Khufu. The Egyptians built the Pyramids on the west bank o f the Nile because they

believed that the kingdom o f the dead was found in the west, where the sun

to heaven.

—

Te

sets. The pyramid shape is designed to enable a convenient and smooth ascent

NE

4

ol

”

’

Lo]

dy

lili

1951) E E p e

{pra

Exercise 44. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. “

o

«

4

ww 1

”

(33Lonn

Lil>

( Lie

bail

¢«

Compl

(2)

¢

Oley

(aed

0

°

~

“

0

Orlin)

”

ss 0

,

8

o e% .,

of

(SC)

zs

1

i Re 1

” NE

“4

¢

oY

¢

SEAT.

ISSEY

-.

,

|

.

*

CX

,

ef

‘

»

» ~

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CY

-.-, “mm

a

-

oy

ol

or

»

“&

.

S—

)

‘©

{

,

_

x

.

R

°

LA .

J

8

.

er

MA &

oT

*

ATS

i!

¢

a

nal

g.o0

| FLIES &

0,

Ll

.

v-

5

©

od

0

oo.

© 3

L838

,

040

|

.o

LY

ug y i

Jedd

a

—

-—

t -

mga

~~

Jy

°

.Y

oA

*

0

guy i

’

°o ~

Js

72

rr 8

or

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J]

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Corba

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ny

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°o ~

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[

/ sy

Wally O m

BIS

JPR E I N

Y

Y

-

aa

—

= 2 |

—

J}

:

M a k a n . — ing

—

A

o


$

”

Patience is the key to relief.

pr [4

LO

ESSN

EERE TIPU MUAH Pet 4

Exer cise 9 . Writ ein Arab ic the names o f the coun tries.

py

ss

0

8 ot po

re

HD 8

£2

V E R V E IIPS | BS PU] J 24

-,

’

0

’,

2,

~~

o

PES Be S S L h

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ss

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lend

2r7,

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(Sad

-h

,08

M& ,

PUPRu] |

°

0

280

5

38

ow 8

sr

JS

| gz S| o yr

Exercise 10. Here are names o f some Arabic newspapers. Find out the country in which

each paper is published, then write the name o f the country. 23%

BB

_

o

TE af

58%o

_

—

—

(2 Yr

REE

rs 0

pg

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0 ee

oo

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23

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5

lan

43

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-

PE

o

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< 8.

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p

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rel

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yas

BN

8

00 Au LRTS-NLE K U O

cr 0,2

sad

EN -T 20I P E

P 4 3 grand 5 g l JT J g i

”

future tense ~ The present-future tense,»

40

,

ok

2

& 3 9 ] ¢.C a i ,

indicates the present habitual (He writes),

the present progressive (He is writing) and the future tense (He will write). Its particular

meaning depends on the context as well as on words that indicate the time o f the action within the sentence. Present habitual;

I write a letter to myfriend every week.

§

p a ] I s s h L a ] J C .) A

:

Present progressive: ght

writing a letter to myfriend.

Iam

Pp

Pa

2

KY

da] d l ,

Future: I will write the letter in an hour.

I will write the letter.

Ciel .

dl

»

% 283

Ro

cr

east

The particle 8 g n or its abbreviation

a l , i d l S i n-

=

2

2%

So...

dl A STs

Y 0»

FOV

indicates that the verb

is in the future tense. Ao

»

03

A

o.,

In § 43bo) | :.,L.2_.J1the subject (doer) is indicated b y a prefix or both a prefix and a suffix. For example, in the verb S G

(we write / we are writing / we will write)

02 8 the prefix is indicative o f the subject pronoun o o (we). In the verb 4 5

3

9 -— are (they write / they are writing / they will write) the prefix J and the suffix Oy

indicative o f the subject pronoun a (they). Here is the full conjugation o f

nin

Jaf

in

the singular andplural.

”

co

Ro

”

>

2

Bo

You(fs)study p -

|

They (m.pl) study Og w y d ”

o

fo

fo

”

So.

yw dd (of)

You(f pl) study

They (f pl.) study

$

(02)

He studies

(2)

She studies

”

p a ny t

20 ,

oR

2 oR 2

sr

°, »Y

CaN

Negation of the present-future tense To negate a verb in the present-future tense put Y before the verb. |

|

&

or, » 0 2

I don’t study French.

Aga

They don’t live in New York.

. 4,4 40 s

2 28

A | iad

on]

02 S

‘2

Y

P|

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ated

-

-

“i

1”

4

£4

ri

.

f oa

ry

O M 14d484 S a l 2.

cB

ol

oa

-J

.

EL

Sarl o

ow

°o

ma 3

_

g

~

°

oF

58

P

A T T E N TR Y 5.

A

Exercise 12. Look at the conjugation of the present-future tense and say three correct statements regarding it. Example: Every verb in the present-future tense has a prefix.

Exercise 13. Identify the present-future tense and its pronoun, then translate the sentences into English. J:

2,

ok

cs

#2

&

0.

0&3

So

6c

. w

&

_,

7

JOBSF U R I E S BS I Y

SOCIO

rs

srr

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ied] oO » -

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&

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g

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p.|

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ob lanl]

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,

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_

3 3

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YL]

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Os

rr

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os

JE

| {ia

Y

cs

’

9

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2

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,

5

Ob, a 5 3 ]

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Ciaadl ”

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.

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8

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fa 2

A

NT BR

Xo

»

oa

I

—

——

-—

-

The dual in the present-future tense The dual is created by adding O _

JETT LL

tare

ct

8

3og

A

ya

LE

HED

d a 1d,8 1 n S

30

vy

mm

ON a

I

a

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|

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£0.

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ig

sr 0 g

“7.

2

A

o

22.

Exercise 15. Conjugate the verbs out loud, then write the conjugation in your notebooks. 2

=

2

4

$8

r,s

3

Ju |

¢

,

0

¢

8

T

BY

AleadlC l a 1

A ped

Exercise 16. Conjugate according to the pronouns. >»

,

(m.)

o

A

Len

¢

>

A

o2

2 o oZ.

—!

¢

PE)

&

NY P a t a

1

pe

oc ¢

2

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RE

SE

TR

oo

A

So.

»

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vo»

KR

Pan

>

EEA

GP

Pally

gn

(
> 4

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on the Internet.

Where did he live and what award did he receive? Give the titles o f three o f his books.

2

o A

PS

’

7

SIE




o

‘a

J

a

Object Pronouns

O28

3

9

ww

i

v

Jui

oD

|=

A pronoun that is attached to a verb indicates the object of the verb.

ATO

I do not know the professor. °

£4

2

I do not know him. 4 9 oc}

=

~

0

P|

%

,

sr

A

,

,

&

diel

5L i e

It is late

v

.

8

py

A

o

A

sr

a

LAST150 Ye a

EIT U S T

Exercise 24. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

,

PU

CY Pp

¢

rs

080

C A E P|

5,5 45

Sv Pn

I

, 5

75

o.-

Pp

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#2

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(5,59 « 5 , 5 0 5 b l y 25)

0

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fue A re

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Listen, then read.

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Exercise 9. Rim, Rahn’s fiancée, talks with her friend Rashida and informs her, for the first time, about her fiancée Rahn, where he lives,

what he does, what he specializes in now, when he graduated

from university and, what his hobbies are. Rashida studies Arabic

at New York University and she knows Professor Hani. Talk with your classmates, then write the conversation in your notebooks.

050s all,

8 BURGE LS K e l ph,K S “... 0 p a -

Exercise 10. Talk with your classmates about yourselves, then write the text

in your notebooks. “ M y name is ... [ am...”

Nee

»

let

130 N S

2 pal

P E E P E (experience) 2 5 , 1

JTi , Leg onda

LATE

0 0 5 Ly p a ba]

old IT L s

IT

Exercise 11. Y o u ate at a Lebanese restaurant in Manhattan. Write about this

experience. When did you go? With whom did you go? What did you eat and drink? How are the prices in this restaurant and

what is your opinion o f the food? Use the following words: L

w e ate

coos

SLY]

delicious

AUR A

A eek

&,

Pa

|

3

0

-

o

ll * o A

i

Ly

we drank

before, since, ago

AERO ( z )

se]

friend

.

family

coffee

8g i d ]

street

tea

Ladi

kebab (roasted beef)

pita bread

= Coad |

very good

N

Gnd

Hummus (chick peas) Fattoush (vegetable salad)

Tabbouleh (vegetable salad)

price. sweets

lat

a

experience

a

pho

reasonable

JJ

(g) Ol

=, x f |

Nominal and verbal sentences There are two main sentence patterns in Arabic: nominal sentence 0

ie

o

Z

A

wi?

1.5}

WP

)

and verbal sentence i t i l !

o

.

99

ee

”

A

o

i o > t . In Arabic,

as in English, every sentence must have a subject and a predicate.

EY. BE

T EE E

¥J

The nominal sentence d o w |

4

”

°

2,

0 ~

0

BR

’

&

oc

£2

0

AB

A nominal sentence 1s a sentence that starts with a noun.

(In grammar o r | means: noun) ©

(predicate) e d t

»~» O ,

faa J f (subject)

(The new thing about the subject) (The word that starts the sentence) - y 3

redicate

( y —7 |

ol

H must

a gree i n gend e r a n d numt

My fiancée (f. s.) is an Arab.

| J

8

« A p” » t

°

”

Maryam , Nawal, and Muna are Egyptian s.

i f ' pe

e r w i t h t h e subject

. Co 4 J O P a v y

”

”

pF ®

,

Lad

”

JIS

”

,4

.

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¢%

|

Ls to)

(NP

I

I ' h e subject IE

rs

(fu

08

gr Ts

NE

such as J r

noun ( p = o )

°

A

“2 2

°

The predicate (a )

2

z

a proper

such as

.

o

a » , O r a demonstrative pronoun (3HLay | = ) /

:

a personal pronoun (i o ? )

or S a ,

.

such as |Ja.

can be a common noun ( = D a proper noun

L ws ), an adjective (d ap ) such as n S

GO[ y r

ot”

37) can be a common noun (os) such as L Y ,

£.

HB) such as C i d ]

sd

Or

, a prepositional phrase

averb (Jord) such as a 3 .

-

Ao

,.

Prepositional phrase ~~ 9 ,2e09 j l Prepositional phrase 1s a preposition ( > ) followed by a noun or a pronoun 2

( g y m s ) . Examples:

PY

AW

, lL

e d Te l a ] J s HE

ii)

i

-

da

, SA

EU p l )

Exercise 12. Copy three nominal sentences from the text (pp. 335-336).

| plat.

VY

ed

ST

Jl 93d

Exercise 13. Identify the subject in each sentence, then write it in the appropriate column.

os

NT

PE

oQ 8 ,

EAL

£2 A o

Demonstrative

VEN

’

Pronoun

L eed Proper noun

:

VY r t e

2

,

ok

> galt

Ee]

2

| (2

Rf

Lo

09S

LQ

3

0

4 5

ado

2

2

00

sr

- JS

dT

1s

NE

ra

Exercise 14. Identify the predicate in each sentence, then write it in the

appropriate column.

Salt

(easy) f g

po

.

”~ 0

ol

cA

,

6

of

/

| |

4

rd

ol

RE PIE]

0

J Verb

Ao

gl

fo

”

”

dius

PN

’

= pe]

ey Prepositional phrase

2

Adjective

Proper noun

ol Noun

’

.

is a noun, it is possible to insert between the

re Go) If the predicate

a personal pronoun

ih) and the predicate (f e u ) subject (REESE ra

6

(Lea

¢

A

o AR

’

oP

RC

2

,

3

.

2 ) , although it i s not necessary. The ‘

personal pronoun must agree in gender and number with the subject: 8~-

0

SL» is aprofessor.

Slut o a Sle ”~ 0

” ~ oO

This 1s 2 A

oo

.

oo

203

oC

02

=

= prt .

;

2

-

a

oie

If the subject (14_.JV) is a demonstrative such as | .

predicate (e d i )

3d

»

pte

4

~0

4

oda

.

.

or s a , and the

is a noun with the definite article (J ), you must

separate them with a personal pronoun:

This is the student.

_-

This is the car.

|

IT lt]

R B lia

Roda L g

If not separated, the meaning is changed: this student, this car. If the predicate (e e t )

is an adjective, it is indefinite:

The student is new.

cA Te A

The university is big.

8

UL

a S Amal]

.0

4

ss

od,

sys »

gers]

0 8

ok

fod

Ay

ee

| | 95 J

.\o

Cre

,

LP

~

Exercise 15. Identify the subject and the predicate. 0

~

sr

ln

@® 8

8 2,

0.

ob aib ys aay) 850

,

XY

gd

8 3 3

w Sof

2

2 2

o

LIFTS ”

08

of 1a

3%

oc

2

Yop

or

%

IE

8.

ol

_ Sc@. 8

083

4

old

A

o

REASON

\ «

.

&

Pa

Ww

0

Ee

ope

ole SKE L y

’

a °o.,

enn §

-

ila rs

02

AeA

If the subject ( T u t ? ) is indefinite, and the predicate (d h )

isa

prepositional phrase, the predicate precedes the subject. It is called “the

student. .

Jb

all

Thy:

In the classroom (there is) a

sP o

£2 oo

~

*% The question word o e in the sentence oR p h has the same grammatical function as the answer. A possible answer could be,

Hb a a”

»~0 A

(Ted)

is the subject

They are students. In this sentence a

Or,

and M s

is the predicate (i f )

therefore, the o

£

o

grammatical function of o e in the sentence, Von 1 s

grammatical function of the word M J

equal to the

- the predicate.

\

-Z

| pla]

s,s 0 8

fronted predicate” ( p a

BF

4

The verbal sentence 2,

Join

oo ~

ls

Pl

(a ns

A verbal sentence is a sentence that starts with a verb. The student ate.

(subject - the doer)

(predicate - the action)

The student ate an apple.

Gs

Iai 7sd

(direct object) ay Jm i t (The receiver of the action is the direct object) I wrote the letter.

AUT lCc sw &

0 J p n df A

~~

felt Jaa

conjugated verb includes both predicate J a s and subject J = 5.

the

verbal sentence (4-.

1. Question words:

¢ a2 i =

Who openedthe window?

)

.

|

ods L i

Didyouread the story, students? }

$

Oe

ASI

#

jf

}

H

2. Negation words:

[

c. »

¥

Muna didn t write the letter.

. tert

Sami does not study French.

LSAT

'l

”

so,

i

R CA ai S

on

sr

Y

N .¢

Lo

A I T Podl g a Jpn ST JeGT, Jai] 9345 VT r e 2

“

0

.,

02

or

Exercise 16. Identify the predicate, subject and objecti n the following sentences.

NCO FR TONGA [ S A

a p y Tail

ed

I A FEAT FET Seidl al, 0 )

1 0 Ky:

i g n 0) oes ¢

SEI

ol a T 5 a

Ty L A T S

1

LA

ys

aad

tail

Ty U I T LIES

T o d NIPROMET E Y

re 8

SIT AST A

nme

,

0

2

0.0

15 a o d pos

not, not to be

oaJONI

I am not

t o come

convinced

madness A

it is possible S e

Lo

J

solution

2,

a

2

8

0 »

7,

»

»

0 3

8

(0)

(z)

going

problem J l

always

relationship S N e ( z ) r i w

I>

(¢) pos

#0

JE

to move

(2)

i

”

5g, 4

employee 0gals yn ( z ) w e ss n to think, assume

10)

laa

Jl sa

A

| |

2

¥

_

2.

~- 0

w

’

i:

2

2

WO

WT

-

sr

154d

|

re

.

”

Pi

Ith

Te

a...

CT

,

o.,

sr

»,

SR o A

4

0

-

° 2

¢.

A

4 4

~

Pua

0.

A

pi J

,

"

-

]

.

8.

Je

iF

Y

he

|

2

cc

”

.

-

-

SITS W I N

os

°o

s 02

o

ww S224

~».,

® ».

’

& o#

°

~

cr Qs

’,

;


|.

xo

YY a s -

d

i)

Sa

os)

olA

cs?)

te

ly

Le ero

£2.

0

Jans

*

.

4 0

0.

o¥Ty

lyin

of

Lb

8

o Y 4 C o gins

-

die

32o d

oo.

,

BJT

|

8

=

—

8

2 _

ad

Pd

rs

lle

ol)

2 Ww

coy

5

EI

Opn

s,s

0

8

§

AR E e

SS

”

pilot

2

3

Og l b 2

(zr) o b .

3

b>

|

line 0

vor

Jsrie

busy

(7) oa

P

Ra]

airlines

ANA

5

$3

VERY

specialized

pad)

the second

|

Listen, then read. co

-

“u

2

.

2

g

b plas 2 J s

Ota

oo Z z

)

ie

~

EEE

yp

as

Aral

5

BELT

“

2

o b UT. J

sos

rT 28

~-

JUS

oo)

Sou

Je i d

94

co

mai) p

pe

- Cond say coli PB.

95,50 o

,

~~

.

&

A

,

0

«©

2

bobs

Ua

0

J

le)

da

ol]

x5

= 3;

Exercise 33. Answer out loud.

? Sle J R

RN

POS

P-I.

J DOS RY UNF WRLIVINS

(connection) i5Me Ls . ¥

~

¢ J o y Sieg Jom mr A I T

o.,2

¢

Lg

( r v isdn) Jal p i

yb

,

»

0

8

Tis

Exercise 34. Find the translation in the text (p. 367) and copy it.

1. Delta Airlines

2. I have two sisters.

3. M y brother in-law (the husband o f m y sister)

4. The Department o f Political Science

5. Lyla has a son and two daughters .

6. She 1s always busy and tired.

gd

,

0

» »

LJ J o soat L y

p58 die ps5 CSLias

Misfortunes of some people are benefits of others.

ire

O,

pas

0

~~

2

SEY

|

00

|

oda

Cha

half t o rest

5

= ?

t..

:

to continue J o l period o f time

(f)

Rw

(alone

lawyer

U L ol

to w a k eup

(0) J e s

5s

$30)L e

EJ

Pry

( ¢ ) Lown %

sixth

bs

(raldl

to eat breakfast

Ai

(&) k s

:

N°

|

|

Pa

a

Listen, then read.

55,50 o

| |

pai)

J

10) Fors

>

peal

oo ya

palo

res

(commercial) o U a z i ]

° ,

0,

.

»

JS emUoallaly

hp

0A

=

& ob

Cas] e T

Us

( A

} —=

Leow

J

s®

2

+4

0,02.

0,

2311 Ag

aad

Of dno g

rep

SFE

Xe

ele

Col Ud

»

tls

tm

s,

Ld,

©

=i

In the evening |

aS S

ga

plats

= BU

in the morning

=i.

B wo

_

_.

-

=

org

»

,

La

can be followed by a noun or a verbin n s

1. The preposition a

18

|

:

1.

jlo y

Ao

3

0

-

2. The noun comes directly after the preposition: ég n ! d a y after a week, »~ 0

[

U n after an hour.

ie

3. The verb comes after of which is added to the preposition: s,s 0

After he drank coffee

,

0&2

8g g a |

5

rs

© +»

»r ©

»

OF das |

sr 0

&g i )

After he drinks/will drink coffee LC

Jw

.

«

4, Averbin £. _

-.*

.

|

s,s

o A

L,0

,

0

,..,

©

,

| p i n g OF dry

°, %

$3

[+4

for example: & 4 g P-

,

”

:

‘3

that follows Of has some changes i n its conjugation,

PE

>”

02

Lo0

¥

O) instead o f « i y , A

and is called

0

cr

cw”

©

2,9

$30

a3

3

§&

AR

A

Z

ec

Exercise 35. Answer out loud, then write the answers in your notebooks. fost]

pe

yas

2a

.Y

Chel

JSO R 0

¢

00

JON JURY JES

EEE

2

oo

J S BL

S62 Cr HOA VOR

1

Ly

LA

aT

Ka

KG i

Tp

AES

Exercise 36. Amal talks about herself. Talk with your classmates, then write the text.

Exercise 37. Write questions for the answers.

_

Eh

pe

°o

A 20

1B

i J E N "SESW EPUR LY

Slit

i

Ce

: Jt

Co

SG ST ola

o I

ao S

~~ 0

ay 5 0

rg

’

A

2

sr

i

ss tof .

0

”

SG

”

Haste is from Satan and patience is from God.

o

7

Or

le

OQ.

[ 2

a. M y sister’s husband (my brother in-law) Pa

&

2

2

4 002 8

—

Exercise 38. Match the Arabic with the English.

o

b. We read the morning newspaper.

o2

c. He works as a pilot.

glib

oo

d. Commercial (economic) company

“ET

e. After she drinks coffee

f. A t 6:30 g. The political Science Department h. Nabil has a brother and a sister.

i. Busy and tired (f. s.) J. She works as a lawyer.

°

vy

2.

5

Pi

p-

3

P

p-

Ye ~~

k. Specializes in engineering |. M y sister has a son and two daughters.

>

,

&

Cala rs

»,

EE

O02

oo

2.

_

sun a d T A S B R 0

»

08

~

0

8 gga | ois

”s 0 5

+

©

»

OF dea A Y

Exercis e 39. W h o am I?

TEER S E I

LL"

LL

2

S G V1 ol Y eTn A S ~

pe

eS

-

Ww?

°0L

Adland isl

1

ft

#1

,

dal

p

~

Or

ct

]

e t yos LD UT Ly

JHC

P|

GUT

ly

-,

A

ow”

rar

sz

PE

Lele

» 0

8) 4 ss daly

,

Bp aaby. GF L y

A

pe

0

a

5

yd

UT Pe

Ly

rs

2

3 30T

ayuls

.

Exercise 40. Muna talks about herself. Talk with your classmates.

ES

KEG ha

Exercise 41. Describe your family to your classmates (use a picture).

6)

gS

©

il

Veo

Ya

coil EE

Nooo -

2

HS

-

2.0.

L

0

§

rE D A

on

—\

!

Yo

$

va

"I

.

Clams

dS

The number 100 has two spellings—old and new. In the old spelling there is a silent | after the letter» even though the vowel of the .

The number 200 has two endings: o | — and om _ Using one

or the other depends on the grammatical role o f the word in the sentence. The meaning is the same.

The last letter o f the number in the hundreds (between 300 to 900)

can take io_>

OF

d>2%

Or

“Hl

3 5 based on the grammatical hed

situation. For example: 4 5 . 3

Eo

Pegs aLM. or S or 4 5 3 M El

ov

E

i

. h

|

EN

=

=

—

—

agg

Three-digit numbers consist of ones, tens, and hundreds. In order to say number such as 122, 154, or 173, you must first say the hundreds, then lL.

-

:

9 + the ones, and then _9 + the tens. Here is an example:

t h e number 173 is said in Arabic:

£3955 25s (Literally: one

Or g ya

|

hundred and three and seventy). =u

AF itt

A 80

gpLeg it

£25

Lois or

|

——

3ae ¥T1 ],5

LF t a

Exercise 43. Say the numbers out loud, then write them. ,

So

O g dety

bgnntyi y

Lona

y ls

Ble ss cdf

”

[-

nas

”

s

\Yo

a

Vol

.Y

YV1

vo

AY

LE

\qoV

oc

VAAA

1

V44e0

LV

Yeoo

LA

Oz

y OLA]

Yeo 8

.9

(©) J B s

et

HORE 1

4

light middle, center $

Jog 70

»

%,

~0

to continue ;otany ( p ) o i s )

heat

8,

life

{I

east

pr

«

is

Solve the riddle. What 1s wrong in this text? ¢ a i t

7”

=

Ls . a l d

os til

W) ©,

@

3,

04

sr

©r v

PE

ol.

48

oc

p

o

Z

o 5

’

o

© 2.

d

I

PIN

L o d lly J 47555, 3 a ] 4

’

”

3

7 LJ

-»

:

”

had

sO

”

i”

o

o

©

{

&

M™

(

7’

0

RE

»

0

A

SLE R E

oe

«©

&

”

They want to conquer the world but they are unable to open a book.

RUBIES) |

Uggs

.

yas

oil

oe

b e3

Exercise 44. Find information about Nizar Qabbani on the Internet.

A,

se

p

2

», 043

~

”

Ose g Fe

-”

2

ol

py

2

1

La,

go

al,

So

o2

4

~

,

es

oo

~

OD

3

od,

i d ontls

SEA] uv

0

Saal, 5 5

»

Exercise 45. Find information about Syria on the Internet including the capital,

population, currency, regime, religion, neighboring countries, important cities, and official language.

m=

“7

- Me

wah

pl

=

‘alif, "alif hamza

| 7

‘alif mamduuda

7

'alif magsuura

$

alif wasla

1

cay

¢

3

ah alt c a t

53yas ati ai

: yin

ido

ti

No!

ial

adjective

Laff

adverb all, every

rn]

nn

Arabs (Muslim, Christian)

article (Definite)

Af] / I

as for

auxiliary vowels baa

oS

oY

36

[ Ls ir

66

A at

A

93

FN

at

365

CJT sia]

oY

rs

msn

Js

ia

cases in Arabic

ole)

conjunction “and”

s

daal

>

155

236

eL

caliph

216

|S

-

because, because of

113

66, 162

address (forms of) female, male, intellectuals

Arab name

109

c a d a dT,

IIs

226

7,8 287, 296 111

355 29

45

dagger ’‘alif Por

date, writing

os

D2

vw

f

202

days o f the week

definite article

NY

EA

fydle

)

definite nouns

[J

clo

[1

Ci

93 193

Y| = 5 , S C T id a i

sey

demonstrative pronouns dhaal

178

315

>

JIS

47

DHaa

b

ls

141

daad

5

Co

145

&

>»

4

damma

22

dod

—_—

double digit numbers

204

dual

faa

oz

3

>

128, 157

nd]

cs

9

family, extended, vocabulary

ae

yi

ila

LY 1

362

\

—,

5

0

-

Or

101

Jatha

”

-

0

-

2

72 oF

“J 1°

forms, verbs’ pattern, names

future tense marker gender

gerund (verbal noun)

o.

Le

feminine (gender) ~

rr

£

|

§

28

0,

2

Lo

R E YL a oapg|W £0ICTY ©

22

$4

Jor

(Sy

Father o f ... (nickname)

» LJ

doe

—_—

270, 271

Tove

—

Duras

TE

T———

N

382

INDEX

et

¢

ghayn

ol

areetings, daily, holiday

116

moSf 2,33,8 5,115, 120 185, 212, 231

hamza, writing off

La

2

haa

cls

S55 L t

ES

150

$s

138

Soleo

375

sod)

how many? hundreds

-

haa

>

¢

-

in

ogi]

interrogative particles

63

Islam

129 60

CAWy

98, 138, 167 168, 178

SLY

111,112,259

Jim

d

a

135

kaaf

3)

iy

75

kasra

—

nS

22

khaa

:

>

133

laam

J

a

ho) = W T 1a]

laam, pronunciation of, in a t lengthening letters

39

ina

khamsa (five)

ro)

223

ols | S

of

{J u e

jo

A;

Congratulations! :

It is a pleasure (meeting you)

PHC

:

A L a RB]

God willing

May the mercy o f God be upon him. h y y y

Ae pea ‘ h y dm

No problem, sure!

_J

|

Good night!

A

o f Kuwaiti descent

gS

Peace be upon you,

.So

You are welcome (don‘t mention it).

ke

313

365

190 115

SJ)

120

Je

313

DO

wep J s

185

of p h

Sl hu

Thank you,

2

326

GT

Thank God.

231

7, J e

PS]

See you.

Send my regards to...

16

Sodas

By God

Excuse me, please.

150

33

.Re

81

py ae

185, 268

387

Welcome (to our place)

|

What God has given [amazing!]

With your (m. 5.) permission (when leaving)

81, 153

S g r 3 > OY .

AT L s

Ge

od] ye

|

85

232

Print

Letter

‘alif baa

taa

thaa jim haa

» 3 /

J —

J

A

— A

—

h raa

waaw

390 2

7

Review questions

0

Joa

dn

w

z

o

1

ils

ul ”

”s

7

(» B P

(true or false) Ulas- . f l y Silent letters at the end o f words do not lengthen.

A word in Arabic can start with 0S S

or

RE

:

In the month of O l a s Muslims fast from sunset to sunrise.

In the word O l

isa]

you should lengthen only thefatha before the ‘alif.

5,y s is the first chapter in the Qur‘an.

The word 13L.J is a preposition.

The letter (3 does not have a similar sound in English. The word e n s

1s an adjective derived from the word —

A connected 4) at the end o f a word shifts downward.

. In the phrase L J ) 42. JIS” da s l the 8 in iasl> is silent. . When the vowel at the end o f a word is doubled, the sound “nuun’ is

added to the vowel.

. The capital of Egypt is Damascus.

. Iran is an Islamic country that does not speak Arabic.

. The meening of ¢L a ] |

is: See you.

. The phrase &J! ¢U4 Ls is said after finishing dinner.

. The word 0L_J is definite. . &3L5Y1 can express only possession.

391

. In the phrase 5 J ]

O s e o the second word 1s an adjective.

. The title 4a.) is given to the Islamic rulers after the death of Prophet Muhammad. :

oS

p y translates as: God 1s merciful.

. The pronoun 5} can function as a possessive or an object pronoun. ape)

Lb gin ,

o

0