Salamaat! Learning Arabic with Ease: Learn the Building Blocks of Modern Standard Arabic (Includes Free Online Audio) 0804850151, 9780804850155

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2. Type the URL below into your web browser. http://www.tuttlepublishing.com/salamaat-learning-arabic-with-ease-downloadable-content For support, you can email u s at [email protected].

Salam aat! o l d A

| )

Ec

HEZI BROSH, Ph.D.

T U T T L E Publis hing ~~

Tokyo | Rutland, Vermont | Singapore

“ B o o k tso Span the East and West”

)

4

Our core mission at Tuttle Publishing is to create books which bring people together one P .at a time.

Tuttle was founded in 1832 in the small New England town of Rutland, Vermont (USA). Our fundamental values remain as strong today as they were then—to publish best-in-class books informing the ~~ English-speaking world about the countries and peoples of Asia. The world has become a smaller place today and Asia’s economic, cultural and political influence has expanded, yet the need for meaningful dialogue and information about this diverse region has never been greater. Since 1948, Tuttle has been a leader in publishing books on the cultures, arts, cuisines, languages and literatures of Asia. Our authors and photographers have won numerous awards and Tuttle has published thousands o f books on

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Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of

Distributed by:

Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

Copyright © 2018 by Hezi Brosh Cover image © aldomurillo | istockphoto.com All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the

North America,Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing, 364 Innovation Drive,

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publisher.

Japan

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

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is in progress

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ISBN 978-0-8048-5015-5

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First edition 2221201918

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Fax: (65) 6280-6290 inquiries @periplus.com.sg www.periplus.com

—}

DEDICATION + I dedicate this book to: -

~~

M y wife Sarit,

)

M y daughter Shani and her husbandNadav,

M y son Rahn and his wife Teresa,

M y grandchildren Shira,Rotem and Raphael andNina, and to the lovers of Arabic wherever they are.

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

.

1-41

REY

UNIT 1

a

U5

CONVERSATIONS

1

What is your (m. s.) name?

AOV A N I

13

Where are you (f. 5.) from?

J

31

I am from New York State

4 s y o Ly, ps |

39

How are you (m. 5)? LETTERS

0

or

ne

i

& PRONUNCIATION

3k :ly in,adi byonl cad

5 jah att

5

‘alif, ’alif hamza

| 7

7

baa

«

9

nuun

11

faa

16

yaa

18

waaw

3

9s

19

thaa

&

At:

els

J

JJe

cs AW

S$

del adi

GRAMMAR

ond]

2

Gender

2

What (preceding nouns)

Le

14

Vocative particle

L

14

Where, where from

22

The vowels

pd pt

¢

of

OAS

Iv

———

Te

22

Jatha

22

asra

Lengthening letters sukuun

\

shadda

The conjunction “and” Arabic numerals

CULTURE

It is a pleasure (meeting you). I and you Praise be to God. The Arab name

khamsa

42-82

UNIT 2 CONVERSATIONS

42

Where do you (m.s.) live?

65

She is a Christian Arab.

\o

wer q T TTT T T

damma

TET

22

LETTERS & P R O N U N C I A T I O N

kil,

5

»

~~

2

9

2

i y pad 3 goul

45

daal

3

Ji

47

dhaal

>

Jia

49

raa

J

el

51

zaai

J

S';

55

laam

J

61

sin

Ba

63

shiin

SF

68

haa

A

75

kaaf

8)

GRAMMAR

60

in l

71

Dagger ’alif

—

78

taa marbuuta

8

80

Nunation (adding the sound “nuun’)

81

Noun-noun phrase (Rashida’s mother)

(1)

min

abl

CULTURE

66

The form of address for intellectuals (e.g. professors)

66

Muslim and Christian Arabs

72

Father of Nabil (nickname)

a

vy

(iS

0.

{ER

oon Jp

) Oo

oi

a

Wm Sa “ye,

Welcome.

SV

Saf

=

81

0

_—

~

83-125

UNIT

3

V od

Sse

CONVERSATIONS

83

I study the Islamic religion.

107

Who are you (m. s.)?

122

This 1s a great idea.

:

"SCY

rT

Cyd ¢ if ph

:

53 ase 5

°o 4

LETTERS

& PRONUNCIATION

5

s h STyi

+

S05

~

08,

oa 2 3 of

idyll

86

miim

99

‘alifmaqsuura

101

faa

103

qaaf

¢

109

Long ‘alif

T

113

ann

¢

ov

116

ghayn

d

et

pit

¢

al

yp i n

S

Ls

I

LS

$5gas i f

se pif

GRAMMAR

(

85

Noun-noun phrase

21

‘alif wasla

93

The definite article ~~ JJ | J

98

Interrogative particle

123

9

pad] F E

CAsa ]

(L l

)

Ac

oY Ja

(

Co

vii

ai

ilo)

1

Marker of future tense

aslo)

)

o

Lr

pr

co

Sun letters

@

eld]

Ww?

.

*)

23

,

-

0

(oD §p >

depron

PH dla

CULTURE

What God has given [amazing!]

111

The Generous Qur’an

111

Caliph

112

The Opening Chapter (Qur’an)

115

Peace be upon you.

120

See you.

”

”

”

85

dhe

be

57d

oS

Ai

Af i)g r

# W———

es

L

124

-

(52d

Sf

Se

——— e e

:

~

126-164

UNIT

4

J

LAN os)

©

»

oo 9

¢

SLs Loned|

CONVERSATIONS

126

M y brother and sister are twins

153

Welcome.

161

Salmaan is lazy.

R j y s g S3 fy = W e .r f S a t

INS OI

LETTERS & PRONUNCIATION

0

3

hf,

a

$

~~

2

22

05

129

haa

a

>

133

khaa

a

NER

135

jiim

a

rr

139

laa

Jb

viii

of

W R JE PRR

lb

141 143

saad

PP

se

145

daad

PP

slo

148

Arabic letters (summary)

(Rat

) Gas pn | U3youd]

Ae!pil

GRAMMAR

pnd

128

Singular, dual, and plural

138

How many?

150

The writing o f hamza

155

Nominal sentences

155

Adverbs

155

Pronouns

156

Personal (subject) pronouns

163

“Sun and moon letters”

T, > a a ]

Ty

oS

EN

5aed | doles (Sb

pr ) f o o |1

3

lf

Ala laf

ila.

3 JY

SR

A

ibis

CULTURE

162

a

JOT

Respectful address

0

165-206

UNIT

0 8

5

Sse

CONVERSATIONS

166

I am a student (1).

2

175

I study computer engineering. xX

Ul

db

|

> para

2,

ol

.

.

-

oc.

Awd

4

Jo

pol

184

I will see you soon, God willing.

189

Dina and her family

196

Sandra and her friends (f)

PRONUNCIATION

186

The pronunciation of “/aam’”ini f GRAMMAR

167

Which

168

What (before verbs)

169

Nisba adjectives

178

What time 1s it?

179

Possessive pronouns definite

193

Defimte and indefinite nouns and pronouns 5, S T , isaati -

199

Adding the preposition J to the definite article

199

Then, and then

200

The plural

203

The tens

-

U

=Ji+d 5

4

an > pod

-

8%

ial

CULTURE 178

Days of the week

185

You are welcome (don‘t mention it).

S30

-

oo.

A 28

0.

8

5.

185

God willing.

202

Writing the date i n Arabic

207-247

PIP)

.

RL L Oa L

.

TE

3 Ee J1=- PUELY

Bd

|

UNIT 6

SLE U a e

CONVERSATIONS

¢ladylael of

209

A t what time is the "iffar?

221

A distance o f two steps from here

230

Happy Holiday.

Lia ph

dons A e

= Fla

rs

GRAMMAR

of

ole | S

sel pif

|

oui

215

The noun

216

The adjective

217

Noun-adjective phrase

218

The ordinal numbers

218

The time

226

Auxilia ry vowels

236

All, every

238

Non-human (nouns in the) plural

242

The root

242

The pattern

cial

i,

os}

sai

rei

C b df

SL]

Lia] r n |S

Ji

Jo

edi yd

|

Xi

55

CULTURE

212

The month o f Ramadan

212

Happy Ramadan.

223

Excuse me, please.

231

Happy New Year, Happy Holiday.

232

With your (m. 5.) permission

248-291 U N I T 7 -

CONVERSATIONS 2

Jo

249

H o w old are you (f. 5.)?

256

The best food in the world

SEIT $ 5

268

Don‘t mention it.

ly

277

Where is Rahn?

286

In Rahn’s new apartment

o

-

Le S Y ,

0.

Col, o e SOREN] O y iai sa

&

GRAMMAR

251

Like, similar to

251

Prepositions (to, with)

260

The verb in the past tense

265

Verbs that require prepositions

270

The Forms

Sar Hei

JL

JUST oi] Xil

3

0.»

Names o f the root’s radicals

280

Changes in the pronoun suffixes

281

Prepositions

287

Because o f

(J)

¢

AE

gpmeosJ

yd> ] il

275

c

RA

Co

fp

o d | ob

w e is)

Gd

a

mn

abla

CULTURE

259

The prayer

OA

288

Congratulations!

15}o t

288

The Pyramids

olay ~~

A od q

292-3 32 U N I T 8

.

/

Y

'

3

.

\.

|

ll

LN

: ]

a.

| +4 |

:

>

daal

>.

Jb

3 soundslike d.

Cm

v >

&£ .

JJ

0

“2

|

» ® LL. £ £ 5 ; z= $ sO 9 5 d m ~ - ly dasely | gratin]

= SE

$

. © Ori

Exercise 5. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter daal.

0) w

a l dedi

2

vw

$4.2

0 3 , 3 1 Lv

Lg

woo”

(S99

.Y

2

ILI

Exercise 6. Write.

. Jott f u

O rP e

b>

ys

a

setor. When you complete it, break the writing continuum.

That is, lift your pen from the paper.

writer, author, well mannered 2 1 ——

-

-

—1

——

IF

a

DN

v

=

w

bear —=-

-

=

=

~

_

4

* 3 w

]

ee

a

TE

=

73

!

Pay special attention to the way the J is written when connected

letter precedingit. For example:

)

|

hand J o

w—

—

—oomn

Bo A> mt

(§ 9 A

nomad, bedouin -

ow |

h

xa

—_—

—

wv

—

rd D t er

=

.

——

fh

memes mmemem mmemiemm

mm

me

emer

———

NE

sane

A,

a

[J

ea,

tine

a word with

1 om p—

ala

|

TTT

ETT

ry

Sy

—

———

— wl

v

Write the consonants o f the word ((s9 4 ) . Then return to the

|

beginning, say the word in your mind, and give each letter, first, the

|

diacritical marks (dots) and then the necessary orthographic marks

3

|

such as fatha, damma, kasra, sukuun and shadda: “ yee -

bo

i Peni

1 —m p i

J FS

-

-

Te

———

The vowels are introduced to help you read the words correctly. After you have learned how to pronounce the words properly, you will

ms 10 03° OVVLA Wh)= -0

—

Ba

——}

—

-

"

|

gradually be “liberated” from the need to use vowels. |

aca

§

dhaal

3

13

—

3 sounds like the t h in that.

RIEU]FESP A

TIVTPS A K

IE

Exercise 7. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter dhaal.

dia “e

Jd

"

LY

13s |¥ “0

%

17°

SLewi Ly 230

]

Exercise 8. Write.

8

-

N 4 2 ST LA

-

pes

3 —

3

3 is a non-connector. When you complete it, break the writing

*

onbwn-— —==21000 AN bh W N -

{

continuum. That is, lift your pen from the paper.

N

.

.¢

sr»

2

~

0

ww ow

“ww

?

JB

“

A fo

0

3

«

°

Exercise 9. Write the first letter o f each word you hear. I

Y

Cole

.Y

|

11,287, B y

AN

|

po

EE

Ts

Exercise 10. Connect the letters to write the words.

b+ 0 +

~~

~

+ 5 .\ -

A

——"—

—

~~

—

S+a+l+0>

+2

6

+I ~—

HGS

+S

+1 +HdI+)

Y

¢

Lo

4

-

4q a q a

J

|

=

1

_y sounds similar to the Spanish or Russian .

: b—

|

There is no precise English equivalent.

JE] I

J s 3 3 4 oF g e e

|

4

gomaions] B R p a

Exercise 11. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter raa. ”

os

Amt o r ]

.¢

0 =

Se

ow

.Y

-

lo

”

L

2

Y

-

Bd

2 80

.

Exercise 12. Write.

fo

.

2

AgenST NY

o

ped

J —

— "

—

7

: 6

bo

_) is a non—connector. When you complete it, break the writing continuum.

= wt D C O V N D W i =

-0

. I = = O 0 0 A L E LIN =

That is, lift your pen from the paper.

-0

.

-~

-

.




CY

. -

J

A

3

RS

1

>

2

.Y

4

5

9

>

J

)

.

TE

>

>

o

J

>

¢

=

srr

JL)

0

on

3

.

£i a l ]

Iran

|

”

oo

|

3

Ol= )

hand

A

o

son

}

|

house

oo

daughter, girl

2

sls

J9°

”

*(2)

0

(zg) 2

Ww

bedouin

52

ear

BF

Jo

Beirut

— ’9 gern .

olives

a

he visited

33 ”

Dinar (currency)

Hla

Ao.

23

©

* The letter z (jiim) stands for the wordo e Exercise 17. Read, then copy.

”,

(5 9

20 |

|

oil

.

|

cl)

|

(jam') meaningplural.

Nyon] o

VY o t pas

9578) w

rr

oo

3

(S99 31>

TOWNE id

§ ge) ¥

q

zl

2

I E Y LoL; L a s

hl

_

1

Los o l

J eor Tye Ul) J

a

-

-~ 0

-

05 patll

VA

LA

oo

Exercise 18. Marwan is listening to a voice mail from Nabil.

F P P BFR:VE FO J vRCIA| BOF: Or

©

Op

Answer out loud. Where is Nabil?

P N- NC

Oly

»

Or

os o r

De

¢J e s i

RLW e a l C L| P

-

or

Se

DL

J)

Jo

anil

V4

Exercise 19. Nabil is listening to a voice mail from Marwan.

Last US Ups a

01000 amesT u t

Where are Dina andMarwan?

oO»

[- J P

»”

0

0»

o l 9 , o t 9 L o s ord)

oa

Exercise 20. Describe the picture.

Te

nS

-

54

——

.

L -r .

|

Nl

|

E

— Tama

—

\\ MERIT gy A

—

|

J

J}

laam

J sounds like the 1 as in Linda. 2.

0

-

Av

.

$5

3

3

po

IJ

-

0

0

Exercise 21. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter laam.

old

Ls

JOU

cI

Ly

E A S YDa fag op

A tei

{

Exercise 22. Write.

{

aE a

-

or

J

Rp

-

—

pe— — —

a

te

nl

lr

[—

—

ee

on

——

——

HE rlr——

wlrer—

LL

Tt

——

A——

-—

kel

mb

—

ms

—

A

i

—_—

J

.

s— -—

_—

=

———

_

Tele— i ——

—

—

e——

—

Er

——

_—

[FI

=a

Ee—

-

———

———

————t——]

Er

_—

—_-

im

PE

—

Fo

——

—_—

-

—

—

—

PE.

——

ny

-

am]

f

—— —

Lo

—

—

A

a

———

—

—

—

—

— =

—

——

EE

—

[=—

al

Ee

le lr

———

am

A

yp

-

~

TF Mell:SI

[R——

hl

-

—

PU

J

TET

—— —

tie

ne

-

—

—

re

——

—

PE

—

——

ede Bett:

>

-

fe

—

l—

ee

* le—r—

—0

-

w tout A)0 0 ) AUN Ba=

——

-—

_

.

=

_=

»

laam’alif

:

I Write the Jaam and then the‘alif

YT

“3

day UT

|

gn bs |

in

I

-=

—

—p——

——

———

—

—

—

—

A

—

-

er —

r

completing Y, lift your pen from the page

iS a non-connector,

— A —

A

ilp—

—

—- ere—

oe—

A connected .} at the end o f a word shifts downward. wi at tD 0 0 -0

a

| MA l I N =

=O

NINE

J

wat = ADD NE OAD BUEN we

boys

!

N

| iT i »

-

M LIND= a d 2A O D J O V USa

—-0

i

1

|

|

i

So

|

I

t

an

connected

|

—

l

|

iy.

"Ti

—

Nl.

Ske

!

|

fh

[1

rhs

t

!

ln

|

|

a

vu [« IEFN F E R

cities, country SH

ayo f

Final laam

gx

LA ST | pezS T 3

gol

1

| ple Y Y i a

Exercise 23. Connec t the letters to write the words.

~—

—

p—

a

~—eti—

.

S+3+d+ley

Selad

vgea

NI

Y

.$

J+

S+d+lad

+d

ro

o

1

ls

father of...

father ofNabil

f] 6 Ja

i

~ 0 NP

of

J J o

i OO oo

(f. name)

Jiss

London

oad

night

Jd

father

Kup

boy, child

Lebanon

sYyf ( z )

well mannered (also m. name)

-

0 2

(5 J

Libya

wo.

Libyan

sr

Rup

I have

no, not

Lebanese

3

Jordan

OD|) Y i

Y

Jordanian

(>

EY]

light (also f. name)

»

Hl gs

o #

oo

2

ol

0

A

ie

& 2

-

Exercise 24.Read, then copy in your notebooks. 10)

oo

Sl

>Y of

OV slg S L L

XY

D 9 p d 4 Sas)

.¢

ond

a

y e (I visited) y s

Ra |

ow 2 8 0 4

SPS]

—

«1s

AJ

-A

Leds

*

attached to the word that follows it:

|

Code 2d

*

|

JY .

0

280 8

Sl

1

-

M y son is in London.

BERR] ow

es

.

w $0 8

-

o f

oo

Jy

20

0

VY

Sy sounds like s. w

2.

SOU]

2e

0.

5

.

«

@

STE

SINUS

oo

»0

po

1S N S

YO

fp

~

pos

Exercise 25. Listen and repeat. Then identify the letter siin. .

”~

°

ola!

~

pl

0

Lijgmw . ¥

.¢

pol

”~

eh

Exercise 26. Write.

Ny ST final siin

Ba

y n owP a

a ]

|

=

EE

HN 5

>

EPP

Syria T_T

_

_

RE

-

oo

le—

_

-

Zz. -

re

“Lo

—

ere —

RN

2

Ee

=

Sm

ing

19

[4

man, human being ~~ O l d )

— oge—

_

Co

-

——

er

-

y

RE

J

—

_

ER

TERY

!

sat6 “J

ps—

.

if

_

{

|

|

n

TT —

—

——

Bs L

AN 22

-

LITT

i

|’

—

w—

o

\ |

;

" 4 >

i

] :

{i D' |

Qe=

|

|

aE

|

| aug

TTT

|

]

7)

‘Vo

;

g J

*

Lb) 20

\

i NN

TT

’ Mm

|

Tineenea

|

:

wri

h

|

st

| |

Aum

o * 4

§

A

o

a

nef

2

Q

50 | Qu pf’

| =! T.

—

8 | ol)

{|

HEN | | i

Ii

| ly

| ay

NNO I

NH

9

i

NO o r Co

RARRN

|

)

4

+

~N A | |

[

|

S I E|

a “I

|

|

|

|

|

;.

|

AIF {

|

1

:

!

|

|

t

|

ak

|

:

IH] i

| i

®

‘

|

|

|

—

!

E

P o BR

—

Ir

Yo

1 |]

:

S

i

-

fe

-

8

a 1

1 ! i i

| y (

AN

—————

pp EE Eu mr

_

shiin

ig

i?

v

. » sounds like sh in shadow. a

0”

pei]

3

¢

3

A

¢

195 d o ~ g e s t s

prot]

. YV

pos

Exercise 27. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter shiin.

0)

0%

ET

JA

|

a

Y

pn

.Y

Joa;

» \

2ST. YA p t pos

Exercise 28. Write.

final shiin

52

iv

E—

—

SHE fo

Onthe pw there are three dots (like those in the letter & )

’

P V H WN—

>\ \

-

»

rr

|

|

€

young man

rt

{ {.

centered above the letter.

(m. name)

_ eT

-—

=3 —3

_

Tol

NOt

i

pl

a

_¢ 1

-0

-—

pads

LL

TT

7

A

I - fe

J —

3 6 — 4

By

~

9

10 11

PJ

-~ 0

~

he drinks / he will drink ~~ Ja y 3

3

B73

a

A

Fd

:

-r

—J

8

=

i

9 10 11

RCTBUEG1F P LPI YO { NTNSPIE T I

++

gt

O+l+

wr].

pro

JHE

Hr

J

Crt

”

0

Pe

ATS

—

-

Exercise 29. Connect the letters to write the words.

—

Listen to the convers ation.

0) hiya ‘arabiyya masihiyy a

-

dens

do Lo

-~

-

~~

She is a Christian Arab.

B)

5

ADT

Si

1d

RE

a Lo,

.

”~”

~

0

SSA

41%

1g,

ero or ide 2

dpi

Logs

(

P r (livey

¢ inal]

Jas

OCT

fa Je

Sud

-

ow»

tsp

PE

32

»0

otf ov B p ,

on |

r0

J O H E I I RO UH F I

or

Bao

of

8 22

5,0

SGU

s

04

oe

J

i

FAL Fredy

Z

1

pl

-

pas

i

L a g i ds | ges > f v .

Exercise 30. Answer out loud.

2

»

lo | F H 8

23

B00

e s l i n[t dolind S a 0

og

nf

Lo

JNIT 2

_

i}

RE

duuidihie

a

a ilienin—n—

Nn =

ol

——

—

TT

The word

=r

S C (pl. ‘asatidha 34.31) means master,high school teacher,

or university professor. Asa title,

30 ".7 is a form o f address for intellectuals

such as lawyers, engineers, officials, journalists, writers, and poets. 4

PLE A

yo

I

>

PV

sw

oo

Muslim and Christian Arabs

An Arab is a member of the Arabic-speaking semitic people of the Arabian Peninsula. Not all Arabs are Muslims and not all Muslims are Arabs. There

are in fact many Christian Arabs. Muslims who do not speak Arabic, in |

countries such as Iran, Turkey and Indonesia, are not Arabs.

skype ob ole A S E

APY

rs

TE

-"

>”

-

a

Exercise 31. Sami is speaking on Skype. Listen.

=

—

2

° fy

&

oo,

oo

i

il

|

oy

ey

—

FR

JECT A

R20 ,»

oly d t

ACY

ils . Ae i

2f

ob U s Ui SA

SE

SE

a

a

EA

5

EY Lgl

2

| ger

°

YY

«

Ji

Exercise 32. Answer out loud. What do you know about Sami?

#

zs

oS

PL

HE:

2

,

oni

NE

PR

Introduce yourself (£. 5.) to Sami.

°o

"3 yy or

7%

pS

Exercise 33. Introduce yourself (m. s.) to Sami.

035 1953 ) . Y ¢ r i r e

(Seen

Exercise 34. Read, then copy in your notebooks. os

O

Ww

EC -

CEE

-

oo

-

IE W R

al edd, w

Cs

—

rr

-

i

J

39155

Tob,

~

Jo =

+

2

-

“3

Ls

pe

Or

dd

#90 4

pl

E T I E Y dew) opt — 8

Cot

[+]

-

3

Ol)

-~

fm

by —

JY —_—

rs »

Og

jbo opt ”~

\

— uy

~~

9 pen? d d s y y d —

-

0,

0

sr

4”

s

5 3

J

~


=6 —1

—

-

_

oo

-

-—

—

-

3

a

_

LL

-

wo

1

—

vias.

{ vf

££

2

Z

©o o

SE

11

Exercise 8. Read, paying attention to the difference between C and Co 2

bread

o>

to open —

re

0

8

uncle(m )

1

key

-

one

oo

’

.Y

A>lg . 9

0»

”

JUL .¥ -—

.

condition m.name

0

°o

sea

JEN

sister

Jl>

.\

JJ

.& o

4

GIES BY

A480

db

[ie

Ht

foil

LA p s pas

Exercise 9. Read the word si n the previous exercise to your classmates. Ask them to indicate if the word contains the letter z o r the letter a

¢- sounds like the j in “joy.”

2,

NJ

0,

& 2

Fy

93d

”

00 P R O P

ra

a

| rai]

» -

Yo Ji

Exercise 10. Listen and repeat, then identify the letterjiim .

10) >!

9

¥

Exercise 11. Write. Ce

-—

i

—

CN

po ’

As

N

ON

+

NIS IR | |

~0

|

|

= = 1000

GN

N=

“a | |

ps

eH

A title given to a Muslim after making the pilgramage to Mecca.

(N

t

\

\

|

|

¢

x8 Ty O T 1 s

LUT

es

AY

Exercise 12. Connect the letters to write the words.

ee

—

I

QS + C r o r e )

J

a

Frater

~

+

Cer’

reed]

Pe

8

vy

SO

A

3

-

—

"

b

b

LY

A

2

a

d

9

g

EA

C

C

AY

Ad

3

7

+ Ss

Lt

. ©

A

N95,3] N Y om " 5

Sd

5

¥

: Ce

Oy

0

|B

”

”

’

3

>

-

-

—

3

’

¢

i.

>

©

3S

$

LY

\..

& oar

2

tpn

Bahrain

|

?

-~

brother

|

rso > ) ( z ) a

|

lela

Thursday

(z)

PSEA

4

o

Pa

hour, time

|

isl

| n Fays

|

how many, how much

J

-”~

~

uncle (maternal)

JL

I have

Ww

|

~-

u n c l e (paternal)

university

Saal

one

H S Is («]

(z)

inal

mosque Jom Loaa ( 7 ) Homans

—

A938 VE

Exercise 14. Read. Ao

fori)

3 ) gil

”,

02

S

Anal 3

of 2

-_.Y

Ao

pepo] —

”

ed

How many? £ 0 5

The word S i s used to ask about the quantity o f people and things. It is ot 45 :

followed by indefinite singular noun with doublefatha, a i l ]

How many cars do you (m. s.) have?

$ s ) s f oS

O08] 5 ,

ae

How many brothers do you (f 5.) have?

PE pe

CT

oS

Note: Doublefatha is followed by silent ‘alifexcept when the word

Exercis e 15. Solve the riddle.

el

ends with faa marbuuta.

Sau o

.

°

A

YO

Jo

|

taa

~i

Lb

Lb

Ls soundsTike an emphatic Co (stronger than t in “taught™). There 1s no English equivalent. od » 0

AY

RAR] J r

Jr

o

yds

pails

V1

Cries

Exercise 16.Listen and repeat, then identify the letter faa. Jus

.&

nn

¥

as

.Y

Jb

.

A

23

0

.

2

NgmST

Exercise 17. Write. \

Y

=~

0

|

VY p t e

b !

—T— ~~

te

6

Jo

student

—

~

—.

iE

_

a

:

a—

Ri ry

A

2

*

-O

Xy y

|

i

||

}

B b

breakfast

6

7

¢

e t i) OB OAD WN =

—

The tail of the letter preceded by Jo must be lengthened slightly to make room for the loop. -~”

he fell

~~

Jaa w

NEL] —3

Re

atl |

Jusesiy 1955) . VA (rtp

Exercise 18. Read, paying attention to the difference between < and J . }

ae

;

idais oe

.4

airport

Jiao A

NY

to leave

83

~U

to repent

Us

to recover

1

(ma .

mistaken otl]2

Turkey restaurant

”,

o 2

”

’,

”,

”,

physician )

dot

on

Slab

pilot

o 4

-

0

-Y

las

breakfast

-Y

Exercise 22. Read,paying attention to the difference between and b . ”~

”-

to look ve

o

ro, 2

vs”

A

-

view

», 0

JA oo

fois

Sef

ROW gd

~

.¢ ”

.Y

Ye

great

LA

student J e e .

py faz P E P C I P N E

[71

{

Exercise 23. Read the words in the previous exercise to your classmates. Ask them to

indicate if the word contains the letter 3 or the letter 1b.

NY

TT

TT

NT

YY

TT

TY

YT

YT

YY

YY

YY

Tr

Tr

Terr

rrr

rrr

wre

ah a e he b h

RWW

gh a h a ah a -

a ake bal

de a h he a

WE

YP

ww

Meaning: N o one can help you better than you can help yourself.

eB

J

ah l e a

Tw vw

PNY

we

YY

Ww

Ww

YT rT Y Y

N o one can scratch your skin like your own nail.

WwW

YY

yywes

RW

TT

wR

YY

PY

RT

Y

TT

BRET

Ow

NY

ETE

YY

TN

rT

PY

ON

BTW

YyYwyyn

TY

TEP

EEETEETETETERTET

TTF

EFT

TVET

TTT

TTT

TEETER

TTT

Trvvrvwrrrrvrmrrvrrrvrryyvvvyvwevvvvyvv

wiv,

ys

ON

gins fa 1,040

J ull

Lest dil

.

3

JURY

shadow

\Y

ase

of pin 111,

0

professor

.4

demonstration 8a l l

o

RD

togo-

0

, z

”

-

&

Js

noon

JAYNE Ml

study

a

To appear

ld» .Y

this, thisis

.v

25

sz

|

FN

-

saad 2

i

OPP

“wo

sounds like an emphatic

Bak

(Stronger than the § in “sought”). There is no English equivalent.

slat]

2

Jryvy

a

yas

JeSESN

Y¢ rp

Exercise 24. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter saad. LY

JR?

ze

Exercise 25. Write.

N 2S

8

\

YO

pi pas

|

classroom

ao

--Q

1B

2

! | | ==2\0 ON OMAD W N

yr

)

¢

|

Ja

mach A So

sladl,R N

oe

0

|

° ~

Pp

2

3,01A) n l

- 0k,

id

°

-

0

I

AR

ITIS

Exercise 26. Read, paying attention to the difference between r a n d yo.

0)

.

o

whip onion

Jas

slo

to hunt tobecome

Of pan

.

b —

2

A

-

chapter (Qur’an)

picture

ooI P

Ml

honey

Jos

.0

voice

4

tofall

iw

A

tobesi lent

ay . \ Y

Lob

Wo

Y

”

(O00

BJ

Y

GT

2BEa d i t

BT

.¢

Sw

.v

=

~

sbw L y e

to govern

5

ls)

|

YY

Exercise 27. Read the words in the previous exercise to your classmates. Ask them to indicate if the word contains the letter o r Or the letter S P

\

Cyt

-

10 MOVE pany . \

2

eS

mall,

S O B OVI W N

|

|

| /

|

|

I

}

i

]

0RNONAWN-

}

t

————

]

———

|

————

! ¢

li

|

|

| ! —

words

Fhe

| |

y s (voice) and Ly . (whip) sound exa ctlythesame.

Emphatic consonants affect the sound o f the whole word. The

C I P sounds like b> because of the emphatic uo» and the ,

in

of s,s 0 B

sounds like , o because o f the emphatic J . In the word OU L s

tic J cause oof s lik f the emphatic like ,o because sounds the w sound er),, th ,* (sulta n, ruler)

|

Lb.

Lo

=P

J°

da ad

\

by

|

2 sounds like an emphatic >. It is stronger than d in “daughter.” There is no English equivalent.

SUS] 2 ss

29¢

0

>

N

3

Y A p d pas

l e a d ~ lyons J

Exercise 28. Listen and repeat, then identify the letter daad.

i) JE

gro

Y

Olas

¢

a.

Lolo

Y

230

2

NgezST Y Q

.

Exercise 29. Write.

Sa

—p }

—

—p =

t t e n exactly

ck

like

; ,owith a dot placed above the loop.

|

o

.

pe

—

i

:

= ml -

sick, patient (n.)

Ty

s a t50 ATT 01,23

,2., »

/

155531 F e u p d

Exercise 30. Read, paying attention to the difference between o e and >.

beating, hitting

Juss

.Y

path, trail

-’

JE

-

officer

2

Lalo

principal

.¢ ”

ground, land

U PJ

town, city, country J o

d

OF

0

RO

gis

420

| gods

JEL .

FICE

house

a

store

.A

»4

OSs

sick

CY

I

white

Lo

R= a

.Y

at]

.4

3

ISS

SRT

FEU

J

RTCA

TY

Exercise 31. Read the words in the previous exercise to your classmates. Ask them to indicate i f each word contains the letter 2

or the letter > .

pas

RC

B K C I T E 4 PRE T E FNIPI

{

J

Exercise 32. Connect the letters to write the words.

———

ee

—

_.

a.

sprite

>+

=

SE

2

9 + (St

C+

C=

em

LY

crore

. me

.Y

erdl

arr

EE

Ce

—t

pa

A

2

.¢

prsewats

CC

i.

4=

&=

)

(>)

Ly

ln

\

slut

Lo

5

ls

on

sad

472 of

God willing

FE

I will see you (m. s.) 2 )f n =

way, road

d b (2) Gib ”

o

T h a nyou k very much M j » |

to convey, inform Give my regards

Sa yr

seventh i n s @

(¢) L s in

ss

0

also

(pb

-

half

9

ps

LUT |

See you

Le 3 i

0,48

Pa

a

soon

Las

in the evening

visit:

SL

(2)

5) -

pretty, beautiful -

to enjoy

ta

(¢) —

duty, homework

—

f——

—_—

-

»

Pr

A

Ali

0

dT AUST, $1,all lg5lal. V1 ores

Exercise 16. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. vo

J

_

LO

od

5

(Gr 0 5

«

Lod) d T

5

Ly

xls \V 2 oS

i Felony P a o r

Lo KEY L y

LS

AI

AL

EE als

SKY

SHEL

abel

d T , idl J)

Exercise 17. Translate into English

ly

PE

J

Se

«BLE

(Gnas «

.

2d)

xl

(ert

o

Lo

1

2 7 L s R)|

0

S——

———

—_—

ull

—_—

2.0

sr

A a h5

Listen to the conversation, then read it.

~

AR

i

2

-

s 4 « i py

”s

0

V R | oo) g r e )

AT e o ) L y3 a E -~

¢ olds

2

»

¢

AST

ped

Hype

Po,

°

4

U HT

’

ods

off

“2

py

AB

.

, 2 oo ~-

ay

od

LoS

SRI

Es

PJ oe

¢

1G

L E T Calf 50 a y JB KEY r e

SU

\

P iH E A R #47, F U R ] REA] SH A D a L J

ly c I -

Po

”

7

/

J

F a l 5007, l S GIT oki

Cast, oo 1

oo G T JG wl 0K a

SGUT J )

tS

P

:

~

o

P

Apolite answer to J E

_

p

o

is: o x l g h e

Pp

|

SS

N There is no need

' ' " for thanks; it is m y duty.

0.

ME

|

God willing. |

B

A

. 4 } ¢L3 Of

The statement 4%| L a o l is used to acknowledge that things can happen

:

only by the will of God (ALLaah). This statement is widely used in the

Arab countries regarding any future plans or actions. Sometimes it can also express a polite rejection of one’s request, since it is hard in the

Arab culture to say “no” to a friend.

f

thi

Exercise 18. True or false.

AA on

A: y o

O

O

O

oO OO OO Oo O

re

O O o o

8,55 5 5 J pa

JIL

(ain)

wy o S crt (op

ol

sy

Old -

UN

5

2

~0

0

»

as

ogy

I

”

lly O

A OE S A Y

HE n eJ] o y

a ss pr

2

3.

Jan

SP -~

.¢ -

©

M1

The pronunciation of } i n 4 1

=

You have noticed that in the phrase h y c L |

the J in J f is emphatic

(similar to the sound o f the 1 in law). This emphatic sound o f the | exists

only in the word J f Here are some more examples: Ve.

i

|

What God has given! (Amazing).

|

There is no godbut God(ALLaah). I

swear by God the great!

.

Calla

Ly

e l a dT UT, ov *

O God!

|

le

T Y ) J j Y o.v

-

“ A

|ai

God forbid!

j

|

-

[A

¢

PEARY-

VI 1a)

m

|

|

God is the greatest. }

.k y

A)

Ml

Note: When the word alif is precededby & n S the J is pronouncedregularly. Here are some examples:

Praise be to God.

A edly

God forbid!

11,5,eF

In the name of God For God’s sake,I beg you (m. s.).

BY sie

Ly

a

JT,

I

.¢

|

$ 1 all 19515 N A o po e

Exercise 19. Fill in the blank.

JGIT, 5 Js c5A4T, Y T

5 hh

dt

ens SHTUSS. 2

P

Bad

ss 0

lg d a l i

ee

y e t|

inant]ays P I F

Ven

95s o l l

-

Se

_

g

VAF e

HE

VOU Jt

PRUE S C

ITY

LST,

PEPEINAY 9

JCSP R C T SUR I T GR E l

sya dT,J T ort

EAT,

J)

ely

SR

JennaTT, lT, ad

0g

0,8

a)

dll

[PVs PEURVIEN| ES

I

pT

00

Ui

aL n

eT

ST,

30a

50

Yo

Exercise 20. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

¢

EE

(3

PE

4

( er

(Ll os

ss

¢

¢

shy)

¢

els wo”

¢

CJ

t)

sad JT, J S T

)

"

-

”

5

a—

= [—

®

J

-

-

Sl

Be

a

YT

8)

¢

e r SIT

-

SL]

¢

¢

A

-

>

sd

pada

SLs

af

VENT I P E AY RN POA YS

(sor

(>

sb

—

.

|

PEEOTVA | P O N S

E23]

A

.

pb

Listen to the text, then read it.

Aros

2

w

095,31 - o n i ]

Sl rei)

-

10)

-

a,

O

2.

Les l y Lis ~

Q

re

FESPA

Wy CP)

aS

ea ySIL ais

Joel

ss ESE

J

© 2

pe 1S

4S OU

-

|I C P =

Ss rb

ony sl

Uf

Les 5

EW

S75 s l y oid

ss

oO 3

NE EW

Yl F U R Ee

Ja

OL

JY of

Exercise 21. Answer out loud: yes or no.

| RYNCLCIP FMEA

eal]

f o l l y co L s 5 8 fa

L a y sUs Jo

¢

1 LA

Los l y

Jn

Ry

£ 5 7 8 0 oa Gus fa

Lo

JEP

¢

2

¢slE S T

Y Y o pJos ;

t L ga d p e

FI

JY

Uys d l

pr

¥.,

2

=

SUH VE | pUCIEIRS FUNE

VINTE

In the Arab world a person is identified as Kuwaiti or Egyptian according to a the origin of his or her father. In the text L . > identifies herselfas Kuwaiti. i

N

es

mhiswriter

00

S .L T ”

-~

(a

this

J

sq

Ia

“vo 1

d=

”o

:

hiss

LL.

-

a

a

—

8S

J e Sh OL)

le ae i

a Eh ae a a ie ee ie le

|

lda

ae i

ae

ie

a

a

ae

es 5a

ie be a l e al

©

Li |

Thisisawriter. CSLS Ida Co

Y o f W E

|

ay

a

'

.

ty

:

pop

all

3

XIE

When the preposition J is followed by Jl, the | of the definite article is dropped.

ood Yf is the plural of ds. This kind of plural is called broken

plural ( S S

oe)

It is made by “breaking” the singular form and

|

sll

( z y ELE

«pale ( 2 ) o e

« o T (zy) o d

In Arabic there is another kind of plural for nouns and adjectives: the sound plural

(JLT sah). It is made by adding a suffix to the singular.

-

Lo ad

mr —

—

[

—

1]

forming a new pattern ©39) for the plural. Examples:

”~”

4

For masculine humans only: U g =

Or

c=

—

= _

a

”

2

A

lily

Cre digs . | 0 grids ga (©) For feminine humans and things: din

(g) Lis

¢

ol

(airport)

rl s _

Silas ( 7 ) Jan

If the noun ends with 3 drop it and add of —

|

i

wm

he

Exercise 30. Broken or sound plural?

od »

IP

isd

(2) B

Re

(z) (z)

(z)

Sr

-t

(z)

HW

nv

(g)

Fm

«A

(x)

Where is the university? / In which university? I teach French. | 1 teach Spanish.

E U C E O Ri A T

In the school of Medicine | This is a school of Medicine.

iy.

oe

JatT | ils

.0

v

Lomo i S

| Difficult school

£

The good professors / The professors are very good.

. ld

,

2 ¢

,

O aJ e edT

Exercise 24. Which word does not fit (in each group)?

’

%i

J] VS

O9 h

Thanks to you. / Thank you very much.

.y

UA

ATs

God willing. / Whatever God has given! (Amazing).

gd

\S C

.

YE o p3

RPE L A V O E

PESOARNR U R R EF E 5

S p d SUE a f

— [ Le.

cig

What do you (f 5.) do? / What do you (m. 5.) do?

The school is dificult.

Ao

~»

W h a t is your name (m. s.)? | What is your name (f. 5)?

Le

ids

clus

obs

or

—

” I

”

s

2,0

4

egy 8) 00 a T

Listen to the conversation, then read it.

P| yin]

RENE R P -

”~ D

[- J

Ae

wr

a)

»

| aa

Pea

elf

let]

aay

~0

rs

fire

0

ro»

bt edian d B L

JT

she

a

rT

Poe

5h,

: Ol,

sali

PO) Lbe f

¢.,

-

dal

foreadias BU cu r a 3 ”

GE

8

»

(re

2

(SULT OAT, al ly l

all

(oT

2,

GF. o o

%

.

8

S d Ogos Lady

ROSH

ori

(to greeny




is

”

an S l a b

ON

sro A

&

oo

’

a ”

or

~

”

-

-

2

Olasla SWI g d 0

45a

0

CYA

rm

Exercise 38. Find three Lebanese universities and three Egyptian universities o n the Internet and write their names.

»

05

The root

Js

Most words in Arabic—verbs, nouns, and adjectives—are derived from a root. |

Most of the roots consist of three consonants (radicals)—the trilateral root,

“i:¥%. but a few have four consonants, the quadrilateral root,p r e I . The

x

lh

root itself is not a word, but in many cases it does convey a general meaning.

£

To produce a word (a verb, a noun, or an adjective), you need to insert the

radicals into a pattern.

&

»

Or

9

The pattern 0) jo f The pattern itself is not a word. It contains everything that a word includes except the root. For example: When we take out the roots o f the following

words, we end up with the patterns. root

Ce

pattern

is

os The above patterns cannot be read. Therefore, when Arabic speakers want to say a pattern, they use the letters (J b )

J ¢ 2

as substitutes for the letters o f

the root. The first letter of the root (the first radical) is represented by the letter

lessons

schools A 9,

.,

Og a

4

Ae

teachers

Exercise 40. What are patterns of the words? ry

_

—_—

_

Co

PEL

. $

$, a

.

.Y

J)

3

BaD anti

ily

«1

A

¢S U S O f f f p Ls c E w-”~ rl

ro

QO

.

Cri

p———

—

-

J

Ch

ROLES P E N r o

£1

pos

Exercise 41. Write the common root o f the words. 0

Ur)°

BoP

0

3

(aa

tr

3ra3l pa i y

dors y d s

o

oh

ins

"1

o ts

iol

sels LY

pa tis gy r e

-

Exercise 42. This is the root and this is the pattern. Write the word.

WEES}

e

Sl)

3

F U S EA ( t

4D

Ph

— Se

os o D

»

O54

PRES

Among the sayings of the Caliph Umar bnu—lkhattaab, may Allah be pleased with him. a

a

aie i

ee

ha

a

a

a

a

i

a

i i

ae a le

a

a

a

J

a i

de a a

a a le ie

a hb

hd

a eB

J

a de dh dh be i ab ah

J

dh a a eh

ah ah dh dh ah dh a h dh a h dh a Bb a o h ab A b b hb a

dh dh dh a ob bh

J

dd Bb

d h ab ib WwW WwW T Y WwW

ie

WwW

a i J

a lie

WWW

UY E Y

dh de db i

YY

WW

WW

TY

Ll]

WW

YY

WW

YY

JL

WW

YY

WW

YY

WW

YY

WWW

TY

WW

RE bd

YWYYYTYTEREwYw

Ba

OW O W O W WW

NYY

YY

fe B h i

I never regretted m y silence

A

WW O W OW ON

Sa dl

J

WEE

A Ee

but I have often regretted my speech. FE WY

EN

Ny YT

WY

WY

YY Y Y YY

YY

WY

YY Y Y

YYYTwTwTRYT

YP TTY

YY

PT

WYTYTYT T T T

NY eST RT

YP T Y

PP

YP

TT

RTRTTTET

PPP

FP

A A S CE -

02

2

TET

RP Rm T w

DT P P T TTT

TE

o

-

s

TTT

TRE

Toe

L GMFUR S P I E S [JEEULA QOT Exercise 43. Find information about

TP Y T TET

TET

STEER

vw

v

TT

TTT

www

wv TT

.,

www

Ww

YTYwYw

lgan

cll

ii.

TTT

~

41 ya]

8

5% on the Internet.

|

20 5

woo

Js

similar to, like vs © 2

age, life

,lesel ( 7 ) Ces

$A

opinion

|

pupil, student A . o S

Lede

whenever, when

4

class, grade O y o

oc

|

(7) A ()

]

pt

|* 3

to learn, study o a f ( + ) “ f s

(z) if

physician

of

(z)

j

a.

EVES PIACS F E A 93d) |

Exercise 1.Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

(ail

¢

ca ll

Liles)

(ello

(Fre

¢

ama dly

Call

Li e

(phd 38 0 a l y

|

aBT

TS

Lo d a d s uf

UIE Jy

ga yi

DA

IRKIRT:

C o ,uti t

3

B08

rr

Listen to the conversation, then read it.

Gayl

0

3

»

rr

Lilo

SH

pani]

ry

r

cdorle

LAS t a s t e

0

Co

ole

oy

curls 3ilo Uf 0) a l

ela) a]

oo 0 4

bud

Re

a

@

2

FUT IV

”

| IPS STINE F f W A fo

£2 o

. ~

- (4

ee We

£

lee

.

,

fo

sr W B

AT

IE °e

Or

o

A

©

-~

v

FERC

0.

2

Q

Ae

JOU PR S 3 s

(sls

jy

Leds

4ST of Xf

Li

2

do

pdb

~~

Ey 11

i n nll pop t i

6.

. 6

0 Jn

. SO

=

La cL -

5

|

so

¢

ws

rr

Ay

4

’ ,

k

.

TIL oc

0

~

“ro

w

©

0

eo

fA

ti,

2

0

-

©

2» J¢-

Ww

~

SREP oot

Op

2

o

e s oS ¥

¢= > i L ~

ol

6

Rf)

Exercise 3. What is your opinion? ¢

Rie

lu

(5 RB

|

A

.

Le fy Jol BU -

a

POSE"I

Qs

©

hora OL) p t i

ol,

2

2

”

I

St

|

AVI

FI

Ol

sg.

oo

Oo»

Exercise 2. Answer out loud

A preposition links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence and indicates the relationship between them. Prepositions in Arabic can be either separate words, such as d e e (at theplace of), =

(with), and

ala (infront of), or single-consonant prepositions, such as J (to, to have)

and . (in), which are attached to the noun that follows them. Most prepositions can take pronoun suffixes (Sled), las

J a y

All verbs in Arabic in o o f

Sl POY

eb

.

0

are conjugated in the same way and have the same y

suffixes. The basic form of e l f

|

»

is the third person masculine singular (he)

which has no suffix.

‘

f B

|

’

sr

30

,

Lec

J

Po.

so

0

eo S o

Lait

~~

&

»

—

©

LS

5

”

fe

g

So

—I e s

—l

Ua

| g=

—

a

—

Lea

=

—

oh

SP

0

=

40

a

4

.

a fat

IC

TUE a n

fg f o

50 29

—

VE cya

|

Exercise 14. Conjugate out loud, then write the conjugation in your notebooks. (he rented) l a )

¢

J u ow

¢

- AS

L&C ”

yn

|

Jr—

a

JR

BA

-

,

A

— _—

eos

-

:

aller

L e i nll IT RAIT1 3 ve a

Exercis e 15. Say the appropriate verb out loud, then write it.

(UF — 3 )

LES J Sl

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Cipadl

3

”

2

»

B=

Negation o f the past tense U T

+

"LL,

put Ls before the verb:

To negate P r

ss 0

»

We didnt eat and didn't drink L g l *

el

Ly |=

—..

2

ro

os

1

”

0

»

OF

»

0

Exercise 16. Choose the correct Arabic translation. ow D r

caasdT 9t i )

3. We spoke with him yesterday. . P A A R

eS

4. Did you (dual) eat?

5. She traveled a year ago. 6. When did you (f pl.) return?

Jo vy

AV

iw

SE CE .

So

».

fon

Le

a e dl o3 n ”Jus OS PAA

.

a

£3 I ST

e:151 l |

a Lo

Lac < SL 8

PUN [IAW

Gl

”

2a +

O F IRW C l

1

da ol &¢ f o

=

2. They (m.) rented the apartment.

JC

a Sa

.

=~

A oo

Yoon) ( a

emf

1. We didn’t know his name.

A—

ps

TS

Jed

is

Can

)3

NAY

es Pp

Exercise 17. Say aloud according to the example, then write the sentences

in your notebooks. ye

oz]

AE

PE

Ga

SEITE

GAS:

atin]

SE

ie

a

Verbs that require prepositions

F

While some verbs do not require a preposition after them (to connect to the

object), other verbs do. For example, the verbJ s F v (to rent) does not require a preposition,

> 5z . 5

iat J s E V

He rented an apartment. The verbs

itins: das o a ) require prepositio anand A

sy

oo 0

Som the university, 8 3 d

82

2

Ls

;

,

|

ed gra e graduat g o HHe | Ifo r 5.5

Joa) He called theprofessor (f.).

|

re —

=

——

-

_—

»

3

LEE a

ee

0

-

pe

ST V A

Ha

Jed

Exercise 18. Complete the sentences.

o_~

4

oR

oh Go

Lo.

CASTSa n

Visbe

LC

Ly

| Bl N U P

ICIS

UaSYTUS x

J]

ES

o

2

ey

SY, oe P

5

o

w

=

oS

J

~

8.


gt

o> £

J Wp

LI

LL

ol IT

rh ~~ 0

pn

PE R P I

RUDIEL{

x]

”

o

Last

3

-0

83d

EURO:

J




[]

Nr

3. How many universities are in this state? ——

i

—

—

—

———

A ————

—

—

———

a

ee—

4. How many books did you (m. pl.) read this week (¢ 3 h ) ?

—

nl

Gy

S————-

—

LJ

-

-_

A—

LJ

Exercise 8. Write the names o f five Arab countries that start with the definite article.

.

J

-

PW p CPP

S

WY REET

WW

YW EEE

OS P V

PP T

VET

TT Tr

rT

vr

rT

TT

TT

TT Io

nvr

PP

PTT

TT

TTT TOY

OD

TY

Yoo

—_—

a

ror

ww

YY vv

YT wI

YTV YT

TTY

TY

VV Y

ITTY

1

VV hb VyTVYTVYTVTV hh bh J

J

YY YY YY YY YY A A ib A A

TY i

db A Www

A A

J

PW a

hd

Fw

db

Vw

YY

YYY P PU YP A Bb dA db A db b b

PY

YY

bh

VYTVYTVYTVYY A a J

*

VV

Vy T T T O D db i

)

2

)

ew

PREETI

VEVVEVEVEvorvwrvryvvvvowrvvvvVyvvvvvvvvvwvwW

WWW

pe

Exerc ise 9. Write in Arab ic the names

oA

.

‘*

”, .

of the countries.

Ra

-

N

A

i

k

\

.

1

J

h

\ % NE

o£

=

a

|

-

A

A

t...

-

Rd

pli

of

5U A E

|

J oo

i.

-t

r,s O 2 0 gos

ja

Lor

Le

RANEY

ELEY

RUPXUI o r [ XJ e e t

Bs

JS

yo

gt

raed

V+

(Salil

sled

Exercise 10. Here are names of some Arabic newspapers. Find out the country in which

each paper is published, then write the name o f the country.

—

—

Pad

=

—

_

28

0

28

oo

—_

ee

4

Bly por v

ol a or

o

ddl

_ (shad Js

BY

“ST

d D rane £5

i

py] =

i

JT 50

or

o

JIVE]

dD

ry

GQ

4

.

5 p

o

FURS

Exercise 11. Write the names of the countries bordering Iraq and Saudi Arabia. oe

Fe

all

JPEN

-

J aati

- The present-future tense aP A - The present-future tense, # 33a]

¢§

¢5Last, indicates the present habitual (He writes),

the present progressive (He is writing) and the future tense (He will write). Its particular

meaning depends on the context as well as on words that indicate the time o f the action within the sentence. Present habitual:

I write a letter to myfriend every week. . J o

Is Uo Aa

J

J x51

.

J ST

-Y

Ly

Y

Present progressive:

I am writing a letter to myfriend.

. ( 2 dena] J .

Future :

Lisl

I will write the letter in an hour.

I will write the letter. The particle

:

JT

cst

=

Wag U A T

AW

St

3 gn . ¢

3 yu or its abbreviation _ indicates that the verb

is in the future tense. In # 3d yal] ¢L a l

the subject (doer) is indicated by a prefix or both a prefix and

a suffix. For example, in the verb x 5

(we write / we are writing / we will write)

the prefix J is indicative of the subject pronoun o S (we). In the verb O

2 f

(they write / they are writing / they will write) the prefix _, and the suffix O9 _ are indicative o f the subject pronoun a (they). Here is the full conjugation of

# 3b ad] ¢a f

in the singular andplural.

fo

2

rd]

|

I study

We study You (m.pl) study OQ g v y d -

o

py

You (f pl) study ,

o fo.

,

a Fo

”

(@=1) 5

-~”

So

.

.

BR 3 0

sr

0

pa

2

fo

| v p

yJS A [-]

”

$o.-

2

3

He studies

(p02)

”~”

YAS

You (f. 5.) study r e

dS ( 1 )

They (m.pl) study Og v y d They (f pl) study

You (m. 5.) study

Fo

PY

é 2

fo

She studies

ydg ( 2 )

Prefixes in different verbs in the present-future tense can take « so

A

3

3

Ar

a4 $ $ .

P,P

A

42

Ro

-~

Negation of the present-future tense To negate a verb in the present-future tense put Y before the verb. I don’t study French.

:

SOA

PAR]R W

They don’t live inNew York. . & ,gs g o os 8 g S

Y

p

AY ot po

Exercise 12. Look at the conjugation o f the present-future tense and say three correct

statements regarding it. Example: Every verb in the present-future tense has aprefix.

°o-§

RVINES')

I

J

WN

[PUA

25

Po

2

ora

oar

of,

o

dl

faadlsas

VY

ripe

Exercise 13. Identify the present-future tense and its pronoun, then translate

the sentences into English. 2

2,

ol

pe

Qe

s

&

a

Jo

AT

-

0

|

ost

er

YX

tes =a 5 Aad LY 3

THR]

FREE

ees

IRA

,

old $

0»

BD

ras (Fa

$m py

I

uy

.¢

Bled

.0

~

x

Ra

°Z

~

Ja

edn

O dF l

Tell 5 Beedle ban a ,

&

2

o

¥

-

,

el]

SO » , »

(BEE)

0

es 3 o s

=

al]

Sia

«

6

oO

”s

03,21

0

oy ”

J»

CAIs

CL

A

(JT 0 5 8 ) r e s 4E P JitB O R

—

BR

yy

{

’

The dual in the present-future tense

|

The dual is createdby adding O ~ to

|

”

sr B o ,

You (m. a n df.dual) I L 2 8 S |

|

NS

ngp—

Ol — + ”

Ur

-

They (f dual)

|

|

2

.

~

~ Ao,

They (m.dual)

Lozi

ae

Ol )

: Co

p—

-

-

of

.

le %

a5

§

sey

.

oo

¢

»

..

“aa ,

3

Poy

.

HenR

et

20

-~

¢

Ct

oS,

peed —

3

8s J o

¢

Pe

¢

Jf

¢

|

J

0

ath fo

°o =

oh

Lg

a

2

A

¢

(m.) U a

¢

i

Fn

‘

ya

.Y

:

—

:

-

rr

waifonl:

oY

he

1

}

:

Sa

VW

-—-

All verbs in the present-future tense are conjugated in the same way. They have the same prefixes and suffixes.

J L z S a n Sas

5

Conjugation of the present-future tense 1S

| —

Ole

TY

JE

~

1

©

15

vy”

Ua

RIT

PU

«

“

Ob

15

|

Lea

§

;

5 aif

ON.

Ol ¢

ye

5

So

§

~

©

JE

SSL

2 fo

¢

4

est

>

Ee— g 2

- *

15

B E R S P L S Ro ET J

o J

C2

pif

=

Ol

Uf

¥

(A

ELITE P R N N

”

On

2

Exercise 15. Conjugate the verbs out loud, then write the conjugation in your notebooks. 2

4

od

2

3

4

$e

Ju |

ns)

,

“@

Plead

Re

Lo

¢

$A

PE

cons

a

2

0

148

0

Ve

Exercise 16. Conjugate according to the pronouns. »

“Lo

A

RES

c

(m.)

Lon

¢

o>

¢

Oo.

So.

aid]

Cc

NY P a t e

SE

EE

Calo

”

el

0

3

ord

s,s 0

Bao

»

2

_

Tm

:

—

’,- 2

©

ne

I x

yh)

¢

,

LT

Exercise 17. Choose the appropriate verb.

( olayn

ce

hath :

a

UB

or

rr

(Ors »,

2,

¢

oo

»

( 0 gdon s

Br

re

ola i l

O l , 52y) i J sr

¢

A,

0

»

Pr

0 glan s )

esl

ld

Cad

ea

a T 1,5 0

Exercise 18. Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb in ¢ 33 ad] £JUaai.

(Lr — (ims — 048 (Ll

— Od)

(+> — 297)

NEEL ABT]

SW

Colpand]

m a l l 5 of 541

VA

ripe

ayy

AVL T I V E S

STS

oy Jl L y e

Ul,

1)

CN

pe

Exercise 19. A voice mail arrived for Rahn. Listen to it, then read it.

«Oly C O S #

”

”

12

.

:

]

-

BD

o. e

2

”

W W FALL BESS A | MITE SA I F

UTE

Fat

-

”,

FP»

( L E -E

YY

rr

Be

#

”

Op »

ECT

RECIRESU1IY P A Sn

hE

os

J

GL,

PEES|

PEIN

”

J

Exercise 20. Answer.

oo.

|

CLT

Ce

tet

ee

meee

ASG

s

4»

eo

”

>

on the Internet.

Where did he live and what award did he receive? Give the titles

ww Tw

a A ah ah ah A A B

A”

i”

4

©

LZ

-

©

Oz

RTT

3

Knowledge is not enough; it requires application.

J TTT

die l e l h a

_.

EET

ie TERR

p

ali

©

TTR

a ah lh B B

s

a

ie a

YwywYn

a

o f three o f his books.

al

i

i a RET

i

a wEETT

my

EB

i TTT

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA TYTN YY YYYY

1,

wie

AAA

AAAI

Jas dil o y IA N I o

Th

ih

ll

dd

dss

tds

oes

saan

of Je l y

RY

Object Pronouns a )

-

°°

§ 22

v

| Ales

A pronoun that is attached to a verb indicates the object o f the verb. I do not know the professor.

23“ , 1 do not know him. 4

|v o

1c

f

04

. AAT

V

Rn

|

y o u (dual, m. & f )

o-

i

2

Y

. °z so ¢ + oad Y

that/ that is (m. 5 ) that/ that is (£. 5.)

Ss

this/ this is (f. s.) o l a =a l

There are demonstrative pronouns also in dual and plural. 1. The demonstrative pronoun precedes the noun [as in English] and agrees with it in gender and number: A ,

(this boy), c S

a

0

da (this girl).

2. The demonstrative pronoun can function as an adjective or as a subject.

As an adjective It must be followed by a noun with the definite article and its translation into -0

4 £2

English is: this or that: S L Y | Sa (this professor), I

I

-

J

|

| $JI> (that

student). A construction of this type is called a demonstrative phrase and constitutes

one grammatical unit in a given sentence. A s a subject

It must be followed by a noun without the definite article and its translation in English is: this is or that is:

RE|

(this is a professor), I s

13

(that is a student). A construction of this type constitutes a nominal sentence (aw

| ida),

is the predicate.

where the demonstrative pronoun is the subject and the noun

Note. If the demonstrative is the subject and it is followed by a noun with the definite ~

article (Jf ), you must separate them with a personal pronoun which agrees in gender and number with the subject.

This is the professor (m.)

.

A (i'a

3:1

a

This is the professor (f°)

>

La

[|

on _

Remember. This (demonstrative as adjective)

... J

This is (demonstrative as subject)

| da

|

aida

Note. The demonstrative does not take

29

YT

[YY

FLEE

i

Crit

Exercise 26. Identify the role of the demonstrative (subject or adjective). 5

FO

.’,

FES

2°

4

Bae RE

A

0

.

LN

i

Jol

1

|

550 od

-

-

-

VICES PRU | ,

8

andl Ld

8

odds «A

Sreiio

vl

”~

eda

-

”.

eS Fk

Lg

+ ar

as

mi

s

pet

Ly

1,2

Ly

oda

.

0

0.

on

Toda rs

CY

Exercise 27. Change into a sentence.

.

o




Bo

o

s

2

o

~

~

&

Can

Ao

-

Bo

JUEETLLO% ic

9

&

“ wpee ”

w

-

2 o

»

so 9

©

JEN FE JEN JE WAN| T0300 BE TD I E JO

a

Exercise 29. Add pronouns to the preposition o e out loud and in writing.

p

oe

vr

0

SUCHEN Jock | P E A S | NYSIE

r

Q

NE

Exercise 30. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition.

}

before

after

(time)

(time)

at, with

F A I ] FPS]

gens

rE io 8

JVI

Loa SULT C a UadyT

X

C i sad]y d BUS cof, UG 5,55 JT

,

ell

8

0

-,

Td)

KN

ead

’

.

Laan]

2175

Y .

2.0,

° 2

sr 0 2

—

»-

Ae Ogden ®

,

SB

FTRALEM ROTRN

-

pS

| 8 -

o

1

The phrase a, a s

(Rahn’s apartment) iS a noun-noun p a r a s e

come after one another.

[]

, 3

o

ola LY

pe

=

FY

-

.

LJ

can express: 9

[

BRU

i,

«

) ;

al

s posse

sive

ir

|

pi

dt BRE

. FA par

Hg

.

ER

.

A

.

i

pra

=

AIEEE

LE

rll

I

Rr

NA oa

a

LATE

i

EE pr;

FEEL

fe

nme,

oL

ile Rl

Gl

ie

oe

ot

ase

Ca

EEE

hv

n

J

J

|

Lan

Fae

ERA

d

IR

el

-

Faia fv

Tg,

FB

rg.

Rami’s car (The c a rof Rami)

s h ) 3l e w

|w

Train station

The religionprofesso

’ Ne

24

J

a

TT

CE

rT

: 1 . Poss

Thee first mewn of 1 0 5 pid

)K pan not sabe ary kind ofdefimision. Ouly the

noun can be definite by being a proper nena. taking the defini

When the secaid sen

i.

is

definise sie

whole 450.5)is definite, and when @ scosad noun is act dofisic Se whole LiL! is not

;

.

definite

weal suil in 3 piven senmence.ki can S u l i i

i3L5Y) | constinutcs one

-

iio,

-

2

%

#£

a r | ot

3

v2,”

aslo! Y N

-

pas

Exercise 31. Noun-noun phrase or noun-adjective phrase” -

sc

"2

-”

oS

|

aad

ay o o RIS ,

rors

2

ant

¢

i

-

yds

y

eo”

aye

dws pad | 5 lai

>»

&£ 5

.

=

rr

Zz

.

z

-

A

2d}

ron cok

ve

Ey

sl vr

10

Pee

VA

Sst

22)

Lv

II

I OV e e

#3

”

5

_-

I=

-

IRY

LES

2

Y

oa

oS

Jali

25

LAY

5

|

=

|

Fo

2

>

>

-

LSS

iw

3

aA 2

a

ce

»

.

la

de >

-

.Y -

222.

Sead -»

03

4

5

bopet

.

&

-

,?

AY

“ % ek

LINES

mn?

BAR

\Y

|

UNIT 8

oo

tc |

ol gr :

i y gr) z )

end ,

at, with, near

As

to bring

relatives, relatives, tamily

J na f |

to bu y

something J L b f ( z )

:

o

2

©

(Pp) p e i )

nin (6 GS

-

plod

occasion, opportunity

dancing

UR

one time

E72

allan

.

L ab

|

drl yn Shr

(2)

2 2,24

to convey, give

|

Lrh) (Sp

(£)

he

o f course, certainly p i a ]

pu

|

2

0

cr

ley

perfect, all right

surprise

2

—

(¢)

|

a

5 .

-

moment |

head

i , +5, ( z ) o h

in that case, so

il

to invite

33) ¢ 3 )

newspaper

only

Lil

a news item

like (preposition)

.o

phone

——

KY

A J La

—

Olle]

(z) ids] rv

dS

|

( ¢ ) Les

(z)

I Jos

5

Sos ( z )

Don’t (youm. 5.) worry!

|

and so on

6,

Jus

as

—

Y

|

|

|

i

"|

Leen

Exercise 32. Which word does not fit (in each group)? ®

wf.

del

ibs] Re

”

°

w”

-

Cr

~

Olax

2

JE”

-

5

2

o)lla>

¢

|

B0les

5,0

,

Lg

3

CT

JE

RAR

LY

pres Y Y o pP e

2

(dlls

« Olas

bl,

~~

2

CT

Bo

© 2

TE

I

a

Exercise 33. Write words that contain each of the following roots. |

-

Jov-E

. ¢

rnd

2A

«gory dd)

(Lo

«oD

(PLS «5,50

«

(Js

¢

¢

ay

cals

¢

‘ Csr)

0aTT1,510) r g a d

TREE ead

LY

ost JS n y Uf r

Bla)

~ Ro

Cr

Us

Lola)

« ale

(Gh

ST

col

OU

Y

SPE

JT

Cl

(>

2°

SLVAL) )

TISV

ul em

JS

ies 8 By por

|

EN .

0

MN

-

R

Exercise 35. Listen, then read.

SITTIN

0

yen]

:

Saf Of, Gf ( p o n 0

B E MAVEN 5 0

»

0M

PIOUS

-

|J

2

oo

.

Y r Ses

( O G Sat

af

L a s tdl IE oly t a s

CHUET col, G S ROE i y

(pled s t

(Sie

|S WO

talrlindl a oe

Cow

er”.

Led n d Gls

Cw?

3 de

~*

QO,»

0A)

ato”

ali]

.

.

-

Ao.

(Linvite you) PWERY

”~

WV a

gay

Arye ON HST

»

P A S T , of, Us Pu

ol

”~

4 5 6 7 8 3% 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3

19

18

17

20

ores oe

5

J

$0 pS

2 1 2 2 =X3

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

em 6

Cons) ) p 5 pola] s,s 0

ALS

PE

EE

CTBT

2

8

Soni)

0

in]

[I

3

A

rss

ri 20

€ (help) A V S o

do

32.

©

5

oT

rye

01

PRES

Sa

ss

Fag

Js

EVE

amt

~~

Js ~~ 0

»

yo

> do-Ls

o l,

LUKS

F Laasdly

FE

lady o n l aati

Lat E n

o

a ed

2.

: da la

SST, (milk) r T

JOA

dl al HONS fe

Seed

o l y J eS Y Jf m i o L a s = CEAVINUR ¢

.a

JLT,

(request)

Jo Se

(read: ghaalen) J

ol

: dla Ol,

JCP

4

marl

19

o

n=

Literally: precious and the request is cheap. This expression is a polite way to positively answer a request. It means, “No problem!” “Sure!” (You are precious to me andyour request is nothing).

YF y d p a

t h s of N e o

Exercise 36. True or false.

oo 0

0 ”

cde

0

2,

|

-

LJ

+.

sed

0 ~-

sD

»

0

.

Pa

of ol,

0M J

Les

Ay

2

rr

c o n S a l a2s> 1 0 S

NY

RUSERIPCISS| PRC Pysl] Oly y e s

0

( O T s) h Se po IT b E

0 -

O

0

-

. s

0

05

os

RE

so

-

[]

das

Used]

FI

©

SG

|

uelas

°

OY) p e d a l e

JE PRON| PAVEI S R

oo

Lg

-

Cb

AS

. 0

CEE

o oO

eli

©

Tag -*

ro

O

O

gtr

0K

0

8

oo.

dT

-

sala Jio, S l

a

dT on) a S l

.9

4 5.

T y oo U l r e

y

327

)

os

oe fy

aA

Exercise 37. Answer the questions.

-

furl

2

oly slalie

2

Ls

C a r l oe e 0, d b BL

oly

idly

o Y4 SL J

J

sr 0

JB

Tips

NE

pape

Exercise 14. Identify the predicate in each sentence, then write it in the appropriate column.

. (easy) j g

dl ~~ 0

o |

«A

oD

N E |SP O S RVUIEN | 2eo

29m

=

”

br

Prepositional phrase

-

Adjective

oe Proper noun

J

J

Jo

YT

Ls

1 Noun

~0

2

Sud

:

UNIT 9 »

~

—

—_-

-

-

=

I

Note: is a noun, it is possible to insert between the

If the predicate ( d h )

subject ( f J = 2 2 7) and the predicate

(Lia

¢

A

¢

i.

((~->=J1) a personal pronoun

¥|

‘ o h ‘ +2), although it is not necessary. The

personal pronoun must agree in gender and number with the subject: oc s ~

5 1 » is a professor.

eda Y

pir e Bo da - p i r

Thisis pyre.

predicate (e e )

|

3 0

=

DD

sr Bb

If the subject d a h

Slawl o a S e

is a demonstrative such as lia or sla, and the

is a noun with the definite article (Jf ), you must

separate them with a personal pronoun: |

eo”

This is the student.

Co.

This is the car.

+ B lia

A

wv

ped.

.3,Le 1

a,

-

If not separated, the meaning is changed: this student, this car. If the predicate (e t )

is an adjective, it is indefinite:

}

Cds

The student is new.

-

8

The university is big.

pas S

Jat

Le

-

inal

|

|

|

|

|

2

;

rr

0,

eT

oo

-

04

ok

Ae

ad

0

gu

NO

Exercise 15. Identify the subject and the predicate. o -

K

.

cw”

fo

2A

0,

53028

se

-

5 5

w

fof

0

2

=

a

REY IB P E JON BE -

ER

*

2

%

I

~08

2 JPURRE Y

A b Gall vc

o

Ww

o

&

pr

is indefinite, and the predicate (e d i )

is a

prepositional phrase, the predicate precedes the subject. It is called “the

fronted predicate” ( student.

4

0

2

T7250: In the classroom (there is) a

.I b Lala] 3

* % The question word a in the sentence f n oa has the same grammatical function as the answer. A possible answer could be,

obs I

$e

-

BERVRLAAA HV

FRY

Ifthe subject (Tae. . . Ih

On

20d. 8

STO

oo J

2

0@ 8 ,

Lp

(ob A S T g 003]

or

They are students. In this sentence a

( a 2 3%) and S s is the predicate ( 3 7 ) grammatical function of a

is the subject

therefore, the

in the sentence, Yor p e is equal to the

grammatical function o f the word

n A - the predicate.

A

verbal sentence is a sentence that starts with a verb. The student ate.

ad Kd Jel (subject - the doer)

La (predicate - the action)

The student ate an apple.

a s Cals (direct object) ay J|

(The receiver of the action is thedirect object) I wrote the letter.

F U |C I R ¢

~~

l A conjugated verb includes both predicate J a s and subject J s .

—

: Not e: |

"In the verbal sentence (a ) | 1 . Question words:

Who opened the window?

¢B I R ]

Didyou read the story, students?

2.

ods L

—

LST

C= 35

Y

Negation words:

r g.

Ba hd

Muna didn t write the letter. g

¢

A

F Ywn phA l o e

Sami does not study French.

v

3 In N

{

ADT

£0

gw

Pod

Joi]

Jed,

Jail

rye

. V1

rea

Exercise 16. Identify the predicate, subject and objecti n the following sentences.

NCA BO SOA [ON |

IN

BAI

EURA | FEA]I P R

r

i

Sela¥l

oo); J a

.A

a

Ted

ys

A a nT y

1

PU

IP

UAEI PRE P E R C L E T g p s

foe JS pe, STO a l s y

LY

9

oda

ad

Ny

yal

not, mottobe J

| pod

x5

(z) os

Jol

solution

0

(¢) ps

pais

to come

op i o

PPE.

convinced

EP

Ly

5

XR

0

i t i s possible

So

going

ola i f

y

madness

ast

to move

always

LoS

distance

As

problem

Js

(¢)

UC

()

relationship S M e

paz)

(z) Ne

o 2

¥.,

married

employee 0 gids ya ( r ) 2

z dJ a

to think, assume

0 0

J

SBM

de) 5 Oo L a sJA

ud

Job N Y

ab

andl sUis

Y

0

yy

. Jali

2

AUR e s

|

Listen to the conversation, then read.

a A

95,50 o

”~

0

sr

0

oo

asS T

iP! |J U D E

-~

BG

srs

sr

Op

2 2,

ry

852

5

Ble

5

3

a

sr]

iT,

ph

dale

L i a]

Rl

A

ed

ol

ge

oo 4a a

Sols

eh

la

rials

St

0,

Kms oraly tama aden)

ed

ts

al

ol

3S 0

10 gE

gb S E

ww

2 2

ol,

aL

LL

gir 1 s 8,50 5 SH 2H oo £50 JS 3U (fn ne

EC

SAM

ae

3

EL

FPS | JY eilay e S

IS ”~”

Hg

gy

Wh A E R A

ol

Y

J :

dla

ATs

C T pa Le S y 8 S

0

8

$8

pa Sy

Sealy

Ay pr

SY

Oy

(LT

M en GO V

VERT

Cary

eat]

09s P a n 2

oad] i s

eb

FY

A

= ) pst]

5

vy

Jans BLS :

sin

Ls, -

a,

AE

Ee

T I K I| J S A | I

The word i f 9 is an oath comprised o f 9 (an oath marker) and hilI. In daily use it has become part of informal speech indicating one’s

commitment to the truthfulness, seriousness and sincerity o f one’s utterance. It is also used as a polite and intimate register for requests: please, I begyou, I urge you, etc. It is widely used by all social

classes and in a variety of social interactions.

= “a

“pa

—

w

Exercise 18. Answer out loud, then write the answers in your notebook. ~ 0

tS A

>

A

00

sO

E S P| PT sp

Ops

On

+

eo

4

?Sas Ol)

AR 2

0

+o.

8B

BMO

,

0 RO

rs

»

~

SE

On

mr N I T

OO

©

aL e

? Sle s-i n s o o Le

|

o d m e dL G a -~ 0

335 1 5 S

pa J E T OU l e

08 Jt #

ve o S

TUT 0 S

-

~

O

Exercise 19. Identify the correct statements about Hani.

ge dmalr S C I ”

yg

-”

-

~

LS

ols dyad

OCCT

’

”

wi"

pa ga

2

3

gn

ra) a

sia] Y T w y ;

iis ad LA

JN

0

lad

4 a LY

18

ps

Yo ’

sD

2

FA

Aer0

52

boo.

< 1) [I

Exercise 20. Translate out loud, then write the translation in your notebooks.

1. He is a Christian Arab.

2. Hani and Layla have a big apartment.

3. This is a big problem.

4. Hani has three children.

5. She is an employee at the university.

6. She came to London with the family.

7. Hani and his wife have a big problem.

8. In my opinion, she is Muslim.

BPE PRN ER FLERE A VETINSI L O N -

Exercise 21. Ask your classmates three questions about Hani.

Exercise 22. Hani wants to write a text about himself for Facebook as Rahn did.

Help him. Begin with "My name 1s Hani Sa‘id Khun...”

A P PLIP TAPS USUIS A A R PI EE 10 BS 0 UIE 7A -

E p S a e d go]

9

§

2.

0

05

Exercise 23. Layla wants also to write a text about herself for Facebook.

0

IS)

a

A da

Denying the truth does not change it.

SAA

AL

L a o NY s a l

02 8

a

yr»

8

3

088

22,

Fw

WW

Help her. Begin with "My name is Layla Yunis Khuri.”

FY

WP

YS

TP OY

RY

PY

PY

YS

PY

YS

PY

WY

YY

TY

YY

YY

YYYyYYyyyyweyws

—=2

E-

Pam a

mm

__

ik

—

Pali

LL

P——

—

—

-

-

mes

Ending vowels

oY

The last letter of definite and indefinite nouns and adjectives takes a vowel to indicate the grammatical role o f the word in the sentence. Ending vowels are

used in classical Arabic, Qur’anic recitations, religious texts and formal

speeches. Beyond their grammatical role they add beauty and rhythm to texts

recited. In the standard language, ending vowels are usually omitted in speaking and reading aloud. However, they are needed in two cases:

* When a word has a possessive pronoun: 2

This is his house. * Before ‘alif wasla (Joos)

2e

. d o y RA

3 a t ) to facilitate pronunciation:

I study Arabic literature.

rd]

A

Bo»

wal IL

Definite nouns and adjectives The student wrote the letter to the professor.

wl

SEAT

cada LER

J preposition definite definite noun direct object after a preposition

SON R ESCR I V A AVU 0

Ji

-

A

0

Ww

definite subject

predicate (verb) []

UNF U S S

-~

ES

JBI

3

a _—a e

Hani is theprofessor.

fF

} Definite predicate Ji,

8

definite subject 3

”

+02

3

Aporn T A

3 an po

— Ending vowels - Definite nouns and adjectives 1 »

A definite subject or predicate takes dais.

e

A definite direct object takes i e s .

A definite noun after a preposition takes 8 mS.

RUSH

FPPC

PE STINE | PUIU NT 4 ) J Y

JO J

CgRe 1 |

ri

xi

YE

tas

Exercise 24. Add vowels to the end of the bold words and explain the reason. Y O U N T)

th)

A

pnd] apt

YX

RETRAIN ( F I

Lt

REVLON) J Y o a

|

.

v

Fd

o

A

PUL [ovetoon ¢ (window) SC l iH

RIN

J +2 5 a

LA

1

FS | PES ATLA Liao]

LS

Y

-—

me

53,0) U I I

—

AS Sy p a n)3 L Y0 epg pd

Exercise 25. Translate and add ending vowels to the bold words.

1. Rim works at the embassy in Washington. 2. I saw the professor at the museum. 3. The library is in this building. 4. We graduated from this university. 5. H e will return home (to the home) in the evening. E

—

1. Don’t analyze the grammatical role o f words in Arabic sentences by using the English translation. In many cases the grammatical roles are different. For example: in the Arabic sentence: o l l

house in Lebanon) the word

ee? red

(Nabil has a

Cs iS the subject of the Arabic sentence,

while in the English translation the word house is the object. Remember, in Arabic, everything that someone has or does not have is the subject. 2. The demonstrative adjective ( F E N or] — oda 1 a ) is part of the noun and does not affect the ending vowels. For example, in the sentence:

cad RON o s S o

(I live in this house), the word c o d

takes

5 pons because it is definite and influenced by the preposition 9 .

3. When you add ending vowels, ignore proper nouns. —

(———

1935 LY

Sa

A

Exercise 26. Filli n the blank with the appropriate word.

(adh (asl

(ald

dT

Badly

CLndly

VBL

eae

EUS

8 Cf IFA 1 L© T

oe

:

PERV

|

SOR 1] I P E

Co

Indefinite nouns and adjectives

™

Marking indefinite nouns, subjects, predicates, and objects is simple.

They take the same vowel as their definite counterparts, but this vowel is

doubled. For example: a definite subject takes i a ,

while an indefinite

¥

subject takes double 4_._>. The same changes occur in nouns and adjectives with i >

and pansS. 5

~

Double a_..2 is called: e

w

a]

0 ¢

Double i > 25 is called: rez]Af]

» Double n S is called:

uw

SIT

»

[ o l pei

yi

1,423

Ry

-

How to pronounce double vowels

pe

Double vowels are pronounced as regular vowels with the addition of the sound

nuun. (You have learned this previously in words like 5 This phenomenon is called

Ul

y

;

Sf

ik)

:

J o (Nunation). For example: J , (waladun),

(maktaben).

(risalatan), 2 S

3

To facilitate pronunciationn S

ee u k

2

f

| o pJus is pronounced like the “en” in the

word “ten.” 5 ass S 8 y. l ¢ (read.fi sayvaraten kabiraten) - in a big car.

A student wrote a letter to a professor. 0

Cob

a

2

ud

atl

Cs)

indefinite noun prep. after a preposition

Fy

indefinite direct object

po

-

2R

Pa

Pa

Js

eS

indefinite subject

predicate (verb)

-

Lo

-

She is a student.

indefinite predicate 6-3

0.

,-

subject &

.0

A

3

J

-

w

ww 9

&

| Reps]

An indefinite subject or a predicate takes = 0

»

An indefinite direct object takes — ~»

|

8

Epes

Anindefinite noun after a preposition takes

IS

yr

To

65,001

27

-

J}

1 =

med

ol

0

——

-—

yf

SUT

-

=

3

—

ee

———

JE

YY

| ies

SET

pt

pos

Exercise 27. Add vowels to the end of the bold words and explain the reason. 8

eeS Gist]

ayndi saab :

poy Jo ~

a

oda

Y

6

.A

5 as

rb

Slit

Pr

Ld

S T SUAS AS Sy1 a S Exercise 28. Translate and add ending vowels to the bold words.

1. He graduated from the university a year ago.

2. The student sent (ons) a letter to the professor.

3. She is a professor at the university. 4. Iread a story ( L e )

in Arabic in front o f (plal) the students.

Ny

salu

Aled

—

(I visited) C h

yon

5

LY

LY

YA ped

—,BYT,

sf

father

J Jiy

father

mother

Auf

mother

Jes)

brother sister

#1

(z)

o f 5-1 ( z ) e f yt

brother o f

{LT ( z )

zt

@

Slory) (©) r y

uncle (paternal)

~~ pest ( )

uncle (maternal)

JVp>]

grandfather Sut daughter

iy

cousin (m.) cousin (f)

JUs-/ o t i y

HU ( z )

relative

heart

J U [os |

i

pdh (gr)

tb

£4

wife

2.

Pe

father o f

of

()

AVA

husband

)

(z) (7)

JU

w=

SAL ( z ) HO.

grandmother grandson

oo

(z) a

Ui

(z)

granddaughter c l a my parental grandfather

AO

~~ _ ¥ (gd>r

lS 2»

t o have mercy

=>

-

00

(z)

a,

,

[-]

2

Rg

Ce LJ

Ld

[]

2

Re

.

»”

[J

a

|

-

”

Als of oN sro .YAQ r e s

Exercise 29. True o r false. 0

A.

(Spt 8 s

J B reas -

Ay

[+

Bs

aa

a

Fes

Ss

an > 8s

AR

#1

VY

ard

-

I

—

a

aa

a

-

A

LS wy

|

yr

Y

OQ

Ary) daha

.0

3

2 -~ ( S pins

Exercise 30. Fill i n the blank.

9!

}

Ty

coy

a

Je

Jos

0

rE -

Cr)

~~

ay aE

.

Ar

ops

pu

]

_—

vy

%

BR

ro 3

2.046

Listen, then read. © »0

md

28

~

md l s

od

Vol cy

J e o bed H y Ja

Bb

Ty

oll

OWE J V I ob

ht

SE Pp

vo

|

PEE

JB 20

z

”

pr

ody ool Uf

QUES P oPR RTEPPS pe

rr J

J

N93) 03 n a )

AGA -

-

-

e e n Len

di]y

BE

¥

5

so 3

ery

L e 2055 J S

GT

os

J

EY RAEI AS SCUOLA RAN J S SN PRC FESO J EVE VOIP |

JUST FE WSUSRVR

PED R E RPERt 1A

VIER SORA PuP|pYUE ¥ SUN JES S i PRIA co

NE

IES

PERS § Of pn

0

8

0,

oo.

al) Wi d r y om p e g

Das

gus

1

P l lala o a or ¢ ol)

28. Baa

SL JARSBU 3

res

EY

3

3

i

. . = P 13a

aaa BU

gS

5

Co

30

J)

¢rs]

Ly

RA

vy

A

Exercise 31. Answer.

¢

o

0

A

May Godhave mercy upon him.

lt

4,

|

2

“May God have mercy upon him” ( | ro

2

pa

0

»

2

OF

y p d a 1 s said when

" talking about someone who has died. For a female you say, 7 Lean2 |

FR

a

Lge

(f. 5.) are formed.

v

. 3

Or

. From the same three radicals = > » the words , yom pal (the late,

"deceased (m. 5.) and i eJ O A

®

ond

5

8

&

Lat

...lal can be used to indicate something different from what has been .

said before: v y

8°

2%

fund — . s H G z

9) L f

Lb Je

ot

M y (paternal) uncle is apilot, asfor the husbando fmy (maternal) aunt, he is an engineer.

When a sentence starts with a f the subject o f the sentence follows it. The rest o f the sentence is preceded by _5. This —5 has no English equivalent and is therefore not translated into English.

$

Cr

Loa

-

1]

ply

SO

91 [ a ~

2

3

,

od

SR

.

¢

I

931eTy 1 yno Y Y

fall

Exercise 32. Listen and fill in the blank.

2

ola

dm

0

rr

ola

~

5 ani g S i n

J.

B85

Oly)

rQ

Sd

sow

pt

0 or

J]

cab]

ols

Jos

8.

0

rE

J,

0

dagdaly

4,0

2

fo

ir

Lf

sm % ,,

“4

2

eau

aby

31

dns

. »

ora

——

+

0

Jos

=

od

FC ad

r¥

&.,

SRT

oe

2 2

ats Le

A)

P

IPE

2

PEW —

vs

a=

.

2

o

0

9

8

P

08 PES E S TIA s

:

Leo

=

~

0

msTR)

-

~

GT

AT

o

Je

oy o f l

oJ

Of

2

a

-

SLD

o¥1y l y i n

.

Oly

, 8

J

~ MGs” otal

dat

Aa

oo,

or p e t a Apert

pilot line

airlines

specialized

nNB R I N 5 J r o e

Listen, then read. eo

10)

~

0

SER

A

AUN

ET

BO)

SARANAS CUA S A T J U N s

-~

2

0°

ESD

Em

Amalie

pa

83

Sle

or

5

c0

28

(

oa

~,

0.

Dy

BELT

i

C o gla” h i s

Lb Cas ”“. s l l zr

i

» 0

»

APE

Olas

ss

a]

23

SGT

~ 0

SEN

ST

Ls”

OL]

| Ret

pu ue Ugo

Lusi S H ]

rr

2 b

ded aaa

A

uf A

0

Joon

»

&

Exercise 33. Answer out loud.

Joos (connection) i )

? L ¢

p

¢

LI ss

indi) pal S S T oo

(rv

09

Exercise 34. Find the translation in the text (p. 367) and copy it. 1. Delta Airlines

2. Ihave two sisters.

3. M y brother in-law (the husband of my sister)

4. The Department o fPolitical Science

5. Lyla has a son and two daughters .

6. She is always busy and tired.

”~

0

YY te

f j DUS IY DE FREI VINE

WAN

Loy Jia Jo rm ATTL L g ysl

y

N W I P U= r

»

Misfortunes of some people are benefits of others.

afr

re SS

half

o

Cha 3

|

2

0

rr

»0

pe

cb

torest

(0) a)

|

”

t o continue

Jol

(¢)

|

0.

lawyer

2

lee

0

|

g>w.ay (fp) -

towakeup

”

se)

(Lalonde

0

”

or

Jel

sixth

dle

(praldf -

(¢) r= to eatbreakfast S a i s (6)

a

period of time

2

|

. 95,5) o J r

Listen, thenread.

il

9

oP Jody i l i

ey f r

°

0

°,29%%~

»

21155

Coals,

WAI]

SNR

Alls

(

NE

i s=

§renS (commercial) L a l a z i ]

ea yeas

od]

po J A

a3

5

°~

OT d a g

Cal lal e T J) Jos nd Gis J) Lele

”

A

$

Ss

Cd

555

d AlS So M

Joly

Lo

»

—

bl W y

On

els

anand,

ll

de

Ea

RUA

In the evening p A

eid]

OM

NE

=

5

«lal

=

LU

in the morning

Q

After

8

OF Jones

¢

can be followed b y a noun or a verb in s o o t

1. The preposition a

|

§

or

FP

so

2

org.L a i .

:

do

es

2

2. The noun comes directly after the preposition: § g o l J a dfter a week, ela

(oy

after an hour.

3. The verb comes after Of which is added to the preposition:

JOA] «

After he drank coffee

After he drinks/will drink coffee rr

A

4. Averbin é a a

-

Qe

|

otp t yOFA

® =

|

.

-

.

that follows ( 1 has some changes in its conjugation,

for example: p t s T sg l i a ]

yin)

§g g a )

of wad

Of instead of t e s ,

and is called

J

ISFE INTEL | JOEL 4 MRLOT ON FUOUS J

PIE

Exercise 35. Answer out loud, then write the answers in your notebooks. °

@

2

Sept] re p i a

tt

XY

Ther ont 8 2

0 QQ

fed)

0

oa

[- JF

J i s g a d 20 on

¢ ¢”

0,20

z2~-

0-8

OF doy

it-ke

\

oe

J S BL 0,

fan5

Ly

~

36

. 9

—- —

-

TH

|

yy

__ A

w

4

# ’

|

A

i. en

Ade

# B

|

-

Py

-

swing

$805

od

) . "OF 371

)

oo.

A

i

Lo _

-

So a

i = -

L.

pr —

ale

ol

ili

-

~~ 4

o

’

sbll

:

4

8

BR

0 oC

Sapemle ~

7°

s-

#

” ve ent]

|

ey

-

_

=

L

oo 4

mast

Lad

.

RV

|

eo

oo

.

®

Exercise 36. Amal talks about herself. Talk with your classmates, then write the text.

¢

ade |

i sR L

Exercise 37. Write questions for the answers.

_—

AUTEN

220

| | SON|

S

A d L SSAT o b l a s t ¢

oh 71| { S00

RR

wr 0

sn

¢

_

}

§

©

“@

gel LL

a

a

a

aaa

ld

Aad

og

@

2,

dsllAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA WVAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAY

so

rt

2

(WN

“wi

”

&

~ 02

or

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAY VV

i

o n 231S u d t o n

0

VV

© »

EE

Z

Sly All

ro

ee

Pele

|

2

gu ST . y y o d " 3

VV

VV

VV

VV

TV

VV

VT

YT

YTV

yTyy

eee

es

I"

Exercise 38. Match the Arabic with the English.

a. M y sister’s husband (my brother in-law)

. ety

b. We read the morning newspaper.

LT

d d=

t JUS P —I

Y

EES

Y

AGL Jos

.¢

c. He works as a pilot. d. Commercial (economic) company

Olay) o J P E E R

e. After she drinks coffee

Ll

f. At6:30 g. The political Science Department

LL

k. Specializes in engineering |. M y sister has a son and two daughters.

3y

Lalo

i. Busy and tired (f. s.)

J pate

a

Ja

A

LaUaad iS, cia:

Las

alld

.0

5 jamakhia

h. Nabil has a brother anda sister.

j . She works as a lawyer.

.

||

*

8 E R L E4 3

JOA] p t

9 Ye

AR

o f dons A Y

E— r—

ef

Exercise 39. Who am 1?

2) “ }

¢

Y A p so S

a

‘ pr

oly « s e

9? a1 4 ARIA SESE SIU [ITJ0N] Ega t 3 WS F S AW I fF

(ZF

H-

$1

da l G d g n U i or

md

—

«

”

eS

bole

ww?

”

co

”

cw”

-

Adland AS 5 S L a l a

cole m E 0

»,0

3

rb

A

2

ra

4

.Y

sz

UT L y

UF L t

a a d T I T 100, 8,0 ys l s 3 3 0 Layuls 0

Exercise 40. Muna talks about herself. Talk with your classmates.

SO

(SEL215 1pho E Y

Exercise 41. Describe your family to your classmates (use a picture).

rae

nt

.

Ea “li

pal,

UST

AIT

Ly

Exercise 42. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. 0

ocr

rd

(5.

ihe Lolly

oe

-

ily

sdly

Ly

sl,

355,85

ans

Jand y

LY

i

»

rr

OO

LOST a l

-

edly

or

0

23 OF d m

55,

5S

HEH p r

COEUR!

11

QO »

a

JT

et

X

JSS

Ly

n e Wl 5 0 JG ( 5

The hundreds l e

Blaze

Veo

Bla ilal

Aes

Bliss

JS

Linc Ble

Ton

Blea

Q

Ye

oedle « o l

Yoo

iLO

Ya

Blaa,f

4.

tes

The number 100 has two spellings—old and new. In the old spelling

there is a silent | after the letter» even though the vowel of the o is

pS.

The number 200 has two endings: 0 — and

op —. Using one

or the other depends on the grammatical role o f the word in the sentence. The meaning is the same.

The last letter of the number in the hundreds (between 300 to 900) .

y

-

can take 4_o_>

I

OF & > %

.

do.

Or -

based on the grammatical

3,5 i

-r

-~

situation. For example: a 5LaSM3 or 4 5 S

~~

-”

-

-

or ASL SMS.

toe

Three-digit numbers consist o f ones, tens, and hundreds. In order to say

number such as 122, 154, or 173, you must first say the hundreds, then 3 + the ones, and then _9 + the tens. Here is an example:

§ p y b f i5Le (Literally: one:]

t h e number 173 is said in Arabic: Op r

| hundred and three and seventy). -”

ny

J

Ao

8T 0 Logis slay]

4 d 43 . EY

a

Exercise 43. Say the numbers out loud, then write them.

Darts)

©

>

Ls

RESTA TTCLRIT

ay

OL

\Yo

a

Yo

Y

Yvi

\

ARY

¢

SPY \ AAA

1

\440

Y

Yero

cA

WILY | |

pb

west A E G or

|

to move

by $ ,

|

to continue

an

(¢)

shear

(g)

ye

light

( ¢ ) 5| p e

| middle, center

Plas

-

rr 8 ,

wr

ey

source

heat

3 Jos

life

3 >

»,0

pan)

..

Earth

Lo

1 5

f

Bp

east ee

as]

5 SIT

02,

#

i

R A o b t h s f Lo 5 f i f

Solve the riddle. What is wrong in this text? ¢ a l l

so

]

» »

0

2,

0

al

dT

J e sUST, I T -

Lendl

oc §

2)

s

a

Cy

a.

a elle °o, 4

rr

EN

ww 8

|

>

”~

Bls

es

FY

hoe

br t

1ne Pd

LPS

2D

’

2

2 ow

TT

EF

yr

.

Ogle Id,

They want to conquer the world but they are unable to open a book.

RORIES) | JUE-PP E J

Ep CY WN OY~ g d

LEE

papel

Exercise 44. Find information about Nizar Qabbani on the Internet.

SUE, L e o ] A

BR.»

~

VIRIUUICRIES JA

o

O d y 83nedT J Wy

|

J

VPs

DN

5dr

. $0 C=

l y SOT play T T , H E T

Taal,

5,5 a

-

0

»

Exercise 45. Find information about Syria on the Internet including the capital,

population, currency, regime, religion, neighboring countries, important cities, and official language.

-1 —

+

ai

TT

—

¢

LL

-

*

]

~

24

-

.

R=»

-

Lo

1

-

NF J" -

a»

.” »,,

-

oe

.

LT

t

cy

ew

-— 5

-

2

RY Tr

4

"

Si a

-

FE

2

go i.

jg

=

oe

)

ly

.

— I”

.

=

[I

:

"2

-

.

mt kJ

BALE

3

h

-

¥

"fy

}|

~

“ER

bY

.

AN

i

= |

‘alif, ’alif hamza

FI Sy at

111

55 g a s

‘alif mamduuda

7

alif maqsuura

S$

‘alif wasla

[|

ca

¢

il

at

: Jv

aff

oy

Ls

66, 162

address (forms of) female, male, intellectuals

os ba f

adverb all, every

|S

Arab name

PSI

pr

article (Definite)

35x

as for

baa

Le Sr

[

n dT oY

ig

Lif

oS CT GT -

os eU

oo

because, because of

OY a n

caliph

236

66

93

365 226 7,8 287, 296

iad

cases in Arabic

155

36

P|

FI

auxiliary vowels

113 216

ial

adjective

Arabs (Muslim, Christian)

109

111

WAY

355

conjunction “and”

y

d e a d os

29

daal

>

Jia

45

=

=

)

-

I

—

mm

dagger ‘alif date, writing

202

days o f the week

178

definite article

17

93

definite nouns

193

demonstrative pronouns

315

dhaal

47

DHaa

141

daad

145

22

damma

double digit numbers

204 128, 157

dual

101

family, extended, vocabulary

362 \

faa

fatha

22

Father o f ... (nickname)

72 2

feminine (gender) forms, verbs’ pattern, names

future tense marker gender gerund (verbal noun)

oly:

east

-

Cn

28

J Lady

~0

=

Ol 5 of

270, 271

A

—

Apr

C_e—t

upel

&

INDEX

Cre

¢

ghayn

olf

greetings, daily, holiday

2,33,8 5,115, 120

185, 212, 231

’

haa hamza, writing off

A

cs S55

3 ag

1

how many?

haa

La

68

Wey

150

€ 0S

138

AYN

hundreds

Ny.

C

in

il

interrogative particles

375 129

-

60

TOlUs

98,138,167

’

’

SLY

Islam

116

168, 178 111,112,259

Jim

d

=>

135

kaaf

3)

ky

75

kasra

—

8a m s

22

khaa

F

es

133

ey

laam

h l < > W T B53]

laam, pronunciation of, in i f

lengthening letters

39

SS

khamsa (five)

TH

ios

yp

55

186

25

like, similar to

Je

251, 327

likewise, as, just as

EY

336

masculine (gender)

Sas

2

383 miim

Moon letters

86 163

nisba adjectives

169, 170

nominal sentence

155, 342

nouns, definite and indefinite

193

noun-adjective phrase

217

noun-noun phrase

81, 85,320

numbers, numerals

38, 203 ,375

numbers ordinal

218

nunation, adding the » sound nuun past tense

pattern and root

plural

260-264 242 128, 200

plural, non-human

238

prayer

259

prepositions

prepositional phrase

251, 281, 318, 327,370

343

present -future tense

301-305

pronouns

155, 156

pronouns, changes

280

pronouns, demonstrative

315

pronouns, object

309

pronouns, personal

156

pronouns, possessive

179

pyramids

288

qaaf

103

Qur’an, opening chapter raa

111, 112

49

Ramadan, month, greeting

212

root and pattern

242

root, names o f radicals

275

sentence, nominal

sentence, verbal

155, 342 348

shadda

28

shiin

63

Siin

61

singular sukuun saad

Sun letters la a

128

27 143

124, 163 11

i} taa marbuuta

0

il Fo

tanwiin

tens

78

REpeRs

80, 359

J

tense, past

thaa

5

203 oli

260

-

then, and then

verb, sound, weak

270

Joni

of

348

JUnit

265

L

14

asil i l

jas - n e P | J a t s

vocative particle

22.226

AC

vowels, short, long, auxiliary

9

what (before a noun)

og

18

Ls

2

$150

what (before a verb)

FEN

what time is it?

L@

PRP.

ery e

178

14

ts

167

FUELy

202

¢

which?

alli

168

od

of oe

where, from where

331

328

daa i

178, 218

JusyT OF at

J e e dT, S L ]

verbal sentence

writing the date in Arabic

199

139

verbal noun (gerund)

waaw

o Lb

b

verbs’ patterns (Forms)

verbs requiring prepositions

19

CR

time, asking, telling

taa

US

vB

386°

INDEX

writing the hamza

~~

¢

I

rag|LES

{s 5 § | 1

yaa

Ls

S$

zaai

3

COMMON PHRASES

98

S$)

51

Sloddaas

ass

iF

352

5 }p t

288

B y God Congratulations!

Excuse me, please. Happy Holiday! Happy New Year!

:

223

oe > r o

OI

ole | S

of

!J u e

It is a pleasure (meeting you)

. PHOE

God willing

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Good night!

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In the month of OL.2s, Muslims fast from sunset to sunrise. In the word OV al you should lengthen only thefatha before the ‘alif.

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5p a is the first chapter in the Qur‘an.

The word 13L.J is a preposition.

The letter (3 does not have a similar sound in English. The word ( r t

1s an adjective derived from the word — — —

A connected 4) at the end o f a word shifts downward.

. In the phrase Li, 3 4 .IS” daub the 8 in inal is silent. . When the vowel at the end o f a word is doubled, the sound “nuun” is added to the vowel.

. The capital of Egypt is Damascus.

. Iran 1s an Islamic country that does not speak Arabic.

. The meening of ¢ L a UT |

is: See you.

. The phrase iJ! ¢U% La is said after finishing dinner. . The word Olid is definite.

. 43L5Y1can express only possession.

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. In the phrase s a d C s A . the second word is an adjective. . The title 4a.> is given to the Islamic rulers after the death of Prophet Muhammad.

2 5 13 translates as: God is merciful, . The pronoun 4 can function as a possessive or an object pronoun.

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was the first president of Egypt.

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is a preposition.

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A L E share the same root.

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