The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex: Vol. 6: 2 Kings 9781463244293

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The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex

Texts and Studies

14 Series Editor H. A. G. Houghton

Editorial Board Jeff W. Childers Viktor Golinets Christina M. Kreinecker Alison G. Salvesen Peter J. Williams

Texts and Studies is a series of monographs devoted to the study of Biblical and Patristic texts. Maintaining the highest scholarly standards, the series includes critical editions, studies of primary sources, and analyses of textual traditions.

The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex

Volume 6 2 Kings

6 of 6 David Marcus

gp 2022

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2022 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

‫ܚ‬

1

2022

ISBN 978-1-4632-0604-8

ISSN 1935-6927

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Cataloging-in-Publication Record is available from the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ v Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. vii Preface .............................................................................................................................. ix How the Corpus is Arranged ........................................................................................ xi Textual notes concerning the Mp...................................................................... xvi Textual notes concerning the Mm .................................................................. xviii 2 Kings ............................................................................................................................... 1

v

ABBREVIATIONS absol adj cj consec cstr def etc fem fol gen imper impf indef infin interrog lit masc M

MA MC ML Mf Mm Mp ms(s) n neg perf pers pl prep pron ptcp rel sfx(s) sg v(v)

absolute adjective conjunction consecutive construct definite et cetra “and others” feminine folio genitive imperative imperfect indefinite infinitive interrogative literally masculine The Accepted Masoretic text

vii

Aleppo Codex Cairo Codex Leningrad Codex Masorah finalis Masorah magna Masorah parva manuscript(s) note negative perfect person plural preposition pronoun participle relative suffix(es) singular verse(s)

PREFACE This volume is the final volume of a six-volume set on the Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. It transcribes, translates and annotates every masoretic note in the Leningrad Codex that accompanies the text of 2 Kings. This corpus of notes is preceded by a chapter, originally published in the volume on Joshua, detailing how the entries are arranged. Other introductory material, such as essays on the transmission of the masorah of Leningrad, on its relationship with other masorahs, and on the reason for the masoretic notes, may be found in the Introduction to the Joshua volume.

ix

HOW THE CORPUS IS ARRANGED This corpus transcribes, translates and annotates every masoretic note in the Leningrad Codex that accompanies the text of the six books of the Former Prophets (Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, and 2 Kings). The following sample entry of the lemma ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫( וַ יְ ִב‬Judg 1:7) will serve to illustrate how the corpus is arranged. First we present the entry as it occurs in the corpus, and then describe each section of this entry in more detail. Judges 1:7 ‫ים ַ ֣תּ ַחת ֻשׁ ְל ָח ֔ ִני‬ ֙ ‫יהם ְמ ֻק ָצּ ִ֗צים ָהי֤ וּ ְמ ַל ְקּ ִט‬ ֶ֜ ‫יהם וְ ַרגְ ֵל‬ ֶ֨ ‫ֹנוֹת יְ ֵד‬ ֩ ‫י־בזֶ ק ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ְמ ָל ִ֡כים ְ ֽבּה‬ ֶ֗ ִ‫אמר ֲא ֽד ֹנ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� וַ יָּ ָ֥מת ָ ֽשׁם׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫יאהוּ י‬ ֥ ֻ ‫�הים וַ יְ ִב‬ ֑ ִ ‫ם־לי ֱא‬ ֖ ִ ‫יתי ֵ ֥כּן ִשׁ ַלּ‬ ִ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַכּ ֲא‬ 1:7

‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ יְ ִב‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

1–5 Judg 1:7; 1 Sam 5:1 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬2 Kgs 23:30 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬Jer 26:23 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬Ezek 19:4 (‫)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬

6–7 Ezek 19:9 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬2 Chr 22:9 (‫)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬ —————————— ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ וַ יְ ִב‬seven times

1–5 Judg 1:7

1 Sam 5:1

Ezek 19:9 {Ezek 19:8} 2 Kgs 23:30

6–7 2 Chr 22:9 Jer 26:23

̇‫)ויבאהו( ]ויביאהו[ ז‬ ‫אדני בזק‬ ‫ופלשתים‬ ‫בסוגר‬ {‫}ממדינות‬ ‫וירכבהו‬ ‫אחזיהו‬ ‫אוריהו‬

xi

Mm

xii

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective second ‫וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ( י‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬, in the pl., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x), written plene and defective second ‫י‬, in the sg. (‫וַ יְ ִב ֵאהוּ‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §1K.

All the highlighted Mp notes read seven times except for the one at 1 Sam 5:1, which reads six times defective (second ‫ )י‬because it does not include the form here at Judg 1:7 that is written plene second ‫יאהוּ( י‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬. In the Mm, in place of a catchword for the Ezek 19:4 reference, a catchword ‫ ִמ ְמּ ִדינוֹת‬from Ezek 19:8 has mistakenly been written.

Depending on what is in the ms., each entry may consist of the following: (1) its lemma (2) a Masorah parva (Mp) note; (3) references for the Mp note; (4) a Masorah magna (Mm) note; (5) catchwords and references for the Mm note; (6) a commentary; and (7) textual notes. 1. The lemma. The lemma entry consists of the chapter and verse number (here, 1:7) of the respective book and the form of the word or words (= the lemma) as it appears in the text of ML. Judg 1:7

‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ יְ ִב‬

The verse numbers correspond to the standard enumeration of the various chapters as presented in the editions of BHS or BHL. 1 The lemma is always presented with its vowels, as it is written in the text of ML and, where germane for the understanding of a note, the lemma is provided with accentuation. 2

2. The Masorah parva (Mp) note. The Masorah parva note consists of three elements. Firstly, on the right hand side is an indication that the note is a Masorah parva (Mp) one, and not a Masorah magna note (Mm). Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Secondly, this Mp indication is followed by the masoretic note as it appears in the ms. (here ̇‫)ז‬. Thirdly, in the left hand margin is the translation of the note (here “seven times”).

3. The references for the Mp note. The references for the Mp note are arranged chronologically according to the order of the traditional canonical books (e.g., To-

Occasionally the verse numbers will vary in different printed editions. For example, at Joshua 21 the enumeration in BHS includes two verses (36 and 37), which are not in the editions of Mikraʾot Gedolot ‘Haketer’ or Breuer, Torah Neviim Ketuvim. 2 Especially in cases where the note is concerned with words accented milʿêl (on the penultimate) or milraʿ (the ultimate). 1

HOW THE CORPUS IS ARRANGED

xiii

rah, Prophets, and Writings). The main difference between this traditional order and that of ML is in the order of the Writings. The traditional order lists Psalms, Proverbs, Job, etc. with Chronicles at the end, whereas the Codex places Job before Proverbs, and Chronicles before Psalms. 1–5 Judg 1:7; 1 Sam 5:1 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬2 Kgs 23:30 (‫ ;) ַויְבִ ֻאהוּ‬Jer 26:23 (‫;) ַויְבִ אֻהוּ‬ Ezek 19:4 (‫) ַויְבִ אֻהוּ‬ 6–7 Ezek 19:9 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬2 Chr 22:9 (‫)וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬

Where the lemma has Mp notes elsewhere in the ms, those references are indicated in bold type. In the above example, in addition to Judg 1:7, the references that are indicated in bold type are 1 Sam 5:1; Jer 26:23; Ezek 19:4 and 19:9, and all these have Mp notes at their respective occurrences in ML. Unless it is so indicated in the commentary, it can be assumed that the notes at these occurrences are exactly the same as the note in the lemma under discussion. In this case, all the highlighted Mp notes read “seven times” except that at 1 Sam 5:1, which reads “six times defective.” The difference between the note headings is explained in the commentary. Where the form of the lemma varies in the other references, the vocalization of those other references is given in parentheses. Here the vocalization of all the forms other than that at Judg 1:7 differs, so the vocalization of these forms is given in parentheses following their specific references. It will be seen that all forms, other than the lemma at Judg 1:7, which reads ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫( וַ יְ ִב‬plene second ‫)י‬, are vocalized as ‫וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ‬ (defective second ‫)י‬. Where a Mp also has a Mm note, that fact is indicated by underlining. In the above example, the only Mp that has a Mm note is the one at Judg 1:7 and so that reference is indicated both by bold type (because it has a Mp note), and by underlining (because it has a Mm note). For clarity of reading the references are bunched in groups of five, and preceded by Arabic numerals (1–5). 4. The Masorah magna (Mm) note. The lemma heading is always introduced by the siglum Mm on the right hand side to indicate that the note is a Masorah magna note (Mm) rather than a Masorah parva note (Mp): ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ וַ יְ ִב‬seven times

̇‫)ויבאהו( ]ויביאהו[ ז‬

Mm

The Mm heading is reproduced exactly as it is written in the ms. Where a lemma heading differs from the text of ML lemma that heading is placed in parentheses and is followed by the text of the ms. in square brackets. 3 In this example from Judg 7:1 This method will allow future researchers to investigate whether or not the text of the Masorah represents a different source. Examples of possible preservations of alternate textual readings in a Masorah note are (1) at Judg 9:6 (‫)אלוֹן‬ ֵ in the catchwords given for 1 3

xiv

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

the lemma ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫( וַ יְ ִב‬plene second ‫ )י‬is written in the Mm heading as ‫( ויבאהו‬defective second ‫)י‬. Since the lemma heading differs from the text of ML, which is ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ יְ ִב‬, the heading is placed in parentheses (‫)ויבאהו‬, and the form that occurs in the text of ML is placed immediately afterwards in square brackets [‫]ויביאהו‬. The Mm form is presented unpointed since all Hebrew words in the Mm are unpointed. Only in exceptional cases are vowels or accents given in the Mm. 4 The lemma heading is immediately followed by the masoretic note as it appears in the ms. (here ̇‫)ז‬. On the left hand side the lemma, that is given in the Mm unvocalized (‫)ויביאהו‬, is vocalized (‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ )וַ יְ ִב‬together with a translation of the note (“seven times”). 3F

5. The catchwords and references for the Mm note. The Mm gives the references to the biblical verses by means of sîmanîm or catchwords. These catchwords represent one or more words from the verse that is being referred to. There is no fixed formula for the selection of catchwords from a verse although there is a tendency for catchwords to be either at the beginning of a verse or close to the lemma that is in the verse. 5 When Mm notes are repeated, catchwords from different parts of a verse are often used. 6 The Mm catchwords and their references are both lined up vertically so that one can immediately match the catchwords with their appropriate verse listed in the same horizontal line.

Sam 10:3, where the form ‫ והלכת‬is written instead of ‫ ;)וְ ָח ַל ְפ ָתּ( וחלפת‬see BHK ad loc.; (2) at 1 Kgs 11:2 (‫)א ֵכן‬ ָ in the catchwords given for Ps 31:23, where the form ‫( נגזרתי‬cf. Lam 3:54) is written instead of ‫ )נִ גְ ַרזְ ִתּי( נגרזתי‬that occurs in M. In his Massorah Gedolah, Weil changes all these differences to the reading of ML by means of asterisks so there there is no way that a reader can tell what was in the orginal note. On this point, see also Loewinger, “Review,” 603–04. 4 For example at Josh 18:13 (‫כבד‬ ֵ ‫)וענן‬, 22:3 (‫)מצוַ ת‬, 1 Sam 16:1 (‫)ולך‬, ֶ 23:11 (‫)עבדך‬, ֶ 1 Kgs 13:2 (‫)נוֹלד‬, ָ 22:34 ( ֛‫)הפך ידך‬, ֥ 2 Kgs 8:5 (‫)הוא מספר למלך‬, ֥ and 14:13 ( ‫֩ואת אמצי֨ הו מלך‬ ‫)יהודה‬. ֜ 5 In our study of doublet catchwords we found that these catchwords tend to be contiguous, and either follow or precede the doublet they illustrate; see Marcus, “Doublet Catchwords,” §6. 6 See for example the different catchwords in the two Mm notes at Judg 5:30 (‫)ר ַחם‬, ַ at 2 Sam 15:27 (‫רוֹאה‬ ֶ ‫;)ה‬ ֲ etc.

HOW THE CORPUS IS ARRANGED The References 1–5 Judg 1:7 1 Sam 5:1

Ezek 19:9 {Ezek 19:8} 2 Kgs 23:30 6–7 2 Chr 22:9 Jer 26:23

xv

The Catchwords ‫אדני בזק‬ ‫ופלשתים‬ ‫בסוגר‬ {‫}ממדינות‬ ‫וירכבהו‬ ‫אחזיהו‬ ‫אוריהו‬

The catchwords generally conform to the way the catchwords appear in their appropriate passages in ML. However, occasionally catchwords are written incorrectly, abbreviated, or omitted altogether, and sometimes extraneous words appear which do not belong to the context. Where the catchwords differ from the text of ML or are written in an abbreviated fashion, the form found in the Masorah is placed in parentheses and the form that appears in the text of ML follows in square brackets. Where a catchword has been omitted from the list the reference is included in angle brackets. In the example above no catchword has been included in the Mm list for Ezek 19:4 so the reference is supplied in angle brackets (). Where extraneous material appears in a reference this extraneous material is highlighted in situ by means of curly brackets or braces {...}. Thus in the example above, the catchword ‫ ִמ ְמּ ִדינוֹת‬from Ezek 19:8, which has mistakenly been written in this Mm note is placed in curly brackets. This work always replicates the catchwords in the order in which they appear in the masoretic note. It will be noticed in this example that the references are not in the standard chronological biblical order. Here the references for both sets of catchwords from Ezekiel have been placed before the catchwords for 2 Kgs 23:30, and the catchword for 2 Chr 22:9 has been placed before that of Jer 26:23. All references that have Mm entries are indicated by being underlined. In the above example the only reference that is underlined is the one at Judg 1:7 but it is not uncommon, as will be seen throughout the work, for numerous references to have Mm notes.

6. The commentary. The commentary, which is always introduced by the designation Com.: in the left hand margin, offers a possible explanation for the note, indicates any problems with the note, or may simply refer the reader to the first time that this note was encountered. The commentary will usually observe that occurrences of the lemma are to be distinguished from occurrences of another similar or contrasting form. If the number of those other occurrences are two or just one, the actual biblical references are indicated. But when the number of the other occurrences are three or more, then the biblical references are not given, only an indication of the number of such occurrences in Arabic numerals followed by an x. (e.g., 6x = six times). Very large numbers in the hundreds are simply indicated by 100+ or 200+ etc.

xvi

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective second ‫וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ( י‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x), written plene and defective second ‫י‬, in the sg. (‫וַ יְ ִב ֵאהוּ‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ ;)וַ יְ ִב‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §1K.

All the highlighted Mp notes read seven times except for the one at 1 Sam 5:1, which reads six times defective (second ‫ )י‬because it does not include the form here at Judg 1:7 that is written plene second ‫)ויַ ְביִ ֻאהוּ( י‬. In the Mm, in place of a catchword for the Ezek 19:4 reference, a catchword ‫ ִמ ְמּ ִדינוֹת‬from Ezek 19:8 has mistakenly been written.

In the above example from Judg 1:7, the Masorah notes the seven occurrences of the lemma ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ וַ יְ ִב‬in the plural with a masc. sfx., written plene and defective second ‫וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ( י‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (13x) of this lemma, written plene and defective second ‫י‬, in the sg. with masc. sfx. (‫וַ יְ ִב ֵאהוּ‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬. The thirteen occurrences are not given because they are readily available in standard printed concordances or electronic search programs. The commentary is the place where divergent Mp headings are noted. In the above example, the Mp heading at 1 Sam 5:1 reads “six times defective,” whereas all the other Mp notes highlighted in the note read “seven times.” The commentary observes that the 1 Sam 5:1 heading can be explained because that heading “six times defective” is only taking into account forms of this lemma that occurs written defective second ‫ )וַ יְ ִב ֻאהוּ( י‬and not taking into account the form that occurs at Judg 1:7, which is written plene second ‫יאהוּ( י‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬. However, all the other headings, including the one at Judg 1:7, that read “seven times” are taking into account forms that are written both defective and plene second ‫וַ יְ ִב ֵאהוּ( י‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫)וַ יְ ִב‬. The commentary is also the place where any problem with the catchwords or references are noted. Thus in the above example, a note is made about the fact that in place of the proper catchword for the Ezek 19:4 reference, a catchword ‫ִמ ְמּ ִדינוֹת‬ from Ezek 19:8 has mistakenly been written.

7. Textual notes. The textual notes appearing after the commentary section deal with matters pertaining to the text of the manuscript as far as the masoretic notes are concerned. Thus they deal with the circelli, the small circles that are on top of a word or phrase, and comment on their absence or misplacement particularly whether a lemma needs to be shortened or lengthened. These notes also deal with the placement of the Mm notes if they do not occur on the same folio as the text of the lemma, and notes whether they occur on the preceding or following folio.

TEXTUAL NOTES CONCERNING THE MP

The types of notes given in these textual notes concerning the Mp are indicated below. • Circellus but no note. These are cases where a lemma has a circellus placed over the word or phrase, but there is no corresponding note; see at Judg 6:12 (‫ )וַ יֵּ ָרא‬and 1 Kgs 8:26 (‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫)וְ ַﬠ ָתּה ֱא‬. In all these cases the correct note can be correctly surmised.

HOW THE CORPUS IS ARRANGED •

•

• •

•

•

•

•

xvii

Note but no circellus. These are cases where a lemma has a note, but there is no circellus placed over the accompanying word or phrase; see at Josh 10:26 (‫יתם‬ ֵ ‫ )וַ יְ ִמ‬and 1 Sam 2:4 (‫)אזְ רוּ ָחיִ ל‬. ָ This feature is common in kəṯîḇ/qərê cases, and in many cumulative notes (see at 2 Sam 13:37, ‫ ַﬠ ִמּיחוּר‬and 2 Kgs 6:11, ‫)ﬠל‬. ַ One circellus but two notes. These are cases where only one circellus has been placed on a lemma, but two notes are given. This occurs most frequently with kəṯîḇ/qərê notes (see at 2 Sam 22:15 (‫ )וַ יָּ הֹמם‬and 1 Kgs 22:13 (�‫)ד ָב ְרי‬, ְ and many times in these cases one note is placed on the left side of the column and the second Mp note is placed on the right side. Two circelli on one word. These are cases where two circelli have been placed on a lemma but only one note is given; see at Josh 2:3 (‫יאי‬ ִ ‫)הוֹצ‬ ִ and Judg 11:25 (‫)נִ ְלחֹם‬. Circellus placed on first word in verse. This feature is particularly common with cumulative or collative type notes such as sequences of prepositions (‫ ַﬠל‬...‫ ַﬠל‬...‫ ) ֶאל‬or (‫ ָשׁ ָמּה‬...‫) ָשׁם‬. In these cases the circellus is placed not on ‫ֶאל‬ or ‫שׁם‬, ָ but on the first word in the verse in which these sequences occur; see 1 Sam 15:1 (‫)אל‬ ֶ and 2 Kgs 4:10 (‫)שׁם‬. ָ Only two circelli given for large phrases. With four- five- or six-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given. For example, on the phrase ‫ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ‫( נִ ְשׁ ַבּ ְﬠ ִתּי ַלאֲבוֹתָ ם לָתֵ ת ָלהֶ ם‬Josh 1:6) there are only two circelli: one on ‫ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ‫ נִ ְשׁ ַבּ ְﬠ ִתּי‬and one on ‫בוֹתם ָל ֵתת‬ ָ ‫ ַ;ל ֲא‬see also at Judg 1:17 (‫ם־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ת־שׁ‬ ֵ ‫)וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ֶא‬ and 1 Kgs 17:14 (‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫)כּי כֹה ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬, ִ and passim. Misplaced circellus. Occasionally the circellus has been misplaced in the manuscript. Instead of being on the lemma appropriate to the accompanying note, it has been placed on the preceding or following word. For example, at Judg 17:1 the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the word ‫וּשׁמוֹ‬, ְ but it belongs on the following word ‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫מ‬. ִ On the other hand, at Judg 19:22, the circellus has been placed on the word ‫יבים‬ ִ ‫ ֵמי ִט‬instead of on the preceding one ‫ה ָמּה‬.ֵ Notes on the wrong side of the column. Normally the Mp note is placed either in the left or right side of the column directly adjacent to its text. However, occasionally the note is placed in the wrong margin. Thus at 2 Sam 12:12, the note for ‫ נֶ גֶ ד ָכּל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬has mistakenly been placed in the left column instead of the right column and, similarly, the note for ‫ וְ נֶ גֶ ד‬has mistakenly been placed in the right column instead of in the left one. Lemma needs to be extended. Occasionally, as is clear from parallel occurrences in ML or from other mss., a lemma needs to be extended because it does not meet the requirements of the note. At Josh 1:14 there is a circellus on the word ‫ה ַחיִ ל‬,ַ and a note that states “five times with a paṯaḥ.” But the form ‫ ַה ַחיִ ל‬occurs fourteen times, so it is most likely, as is correctly indicated in MA and in the Mp notes of ML elsewhere, that the note should also include the preceding word ‫בּוֹרי‬ ֵ ִ‫גּ‬, since the extended lemma ‫בּוֹרי ַה ַחיִ ל‬ ֵ ִ‫ גּ‬meets the requirements of the note occuring five times with a paṯaḥ. Similarly, at 1 Sam

xviii

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

•

•

1:1, only one circellus has been placed over ‫ וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ‬with a note that reads “twice.” But that phrase occurs eight times so it is most likely that, with MC and MA, the note belongs to the three-word phrase ‫וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ ֶא ָחד‬, that only occurs twice. Lemma needs to be shortened. A similar situation involves cases where the lemma needs to be shortened. At Judg 19:9 a circellus has been placed on the two words ‫ ַל ֲﬠר ֹב ִלינוּ‬with a corresponding note of “twice.” But, since this phrase only occurs once, it is most likely that, with MA, the note should just be only on ‫ל ֲﬠר ֹב‬,ַ that does occur twice. At 1 Sam 2:15 a circellus has been placed on the words ‫ וְ ָא ַמר ָל ִאישׁ‬with a corresponding note of “thirtytwo times.” But, since the phrase ‫ וְ ָא ַמר ָל ִאישׁ‬only occurs once, it is most likely that the note refers just to ‫ל ִאישׁ‬,ָ which does occur thirty-two times. Extra notes in the ms. On some occasions one finds extra Mp notes which do not correspond to any word which is in the adjacent line. At Josh 19:25 (‫אַכ ָשׁף‬ ְ ְ‫)ו‬, there are four Mp notes for one line of text, which only contains three words in the line. The fourth Mp note of ‫ ̇ב‬does not match any parallel word in either column. At Judg 11:5 (‫)מ ֶא ֶרץ טוֹב‬, ֵ there is a Mp note of ‫י‬, which has no associated circellus and which does not match any of the immediate words in its vicinity.

TEXTUAL NOTES CONCERNING THE MM

The types of textual note concerning the Mm primarily have to do with the placement of the Mm note. Usually the Mm notes in ML are placed on the upper and lower margins, and usually correspond to the occurrence of lemmas on that particular folio. However there are many occasions when a Mm note occurs on the following or preceding folio. For example, at 2 Kgs 21:12 the lemma ‫ ִתּ ַצּ ְלנָ ה‬occurs in the ms. in folio 217r, but the Mm note on this lemma appears on the top right of the following folio 217v. The opposite is the case at 2 Kgs 3:17 where the lemma ‫יִ ָמּ ֵלא‬ occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note on this lemma appears on the bottom right of the preceding folio 203v. There are some cases where the same note appear both in the preceding and following folio. Thus the lemma ‫ד־ﬠ ֶצם ַהיּוֹם ַהזֶּ ה‬ ֶ ‫( ַﬠ‬Josh 10: 27) occurs in the ms. on folio 127v, but its Mm note appears once on the preceding page on the bottom left of fol. 127r, and once on the following page on the bottom left of fol. 128r. It is also possible for more than one note to be on the preceding or following folio. In fact, there is one case of six Mm notes occurring on a following folio! The lemmas ‫ְיֵדעוּן‬ (Josh 3:7), ‫אַתּה ְתּ ַצוֶּ ה‬ ָ ְ‫( ו‬Josh 3:8), ‫( ְכּב ֲֹא ֶכם‬Josh 3:9), ‫( גֹּשׁוּ‬Josh 3:9), ‫( ֵתּ ְדעוּן‬Josh 3:10), and ‫( ְשׁנֵ י ָﬠ ָשׂר‬Josh 3:12) all occur in the ms. in folio 122v, but their Mm notes are written on the bottom right of the following folio 123r.

2 KINGS

1

2

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 1:2

‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶה ֙ם ְל ֣כוּ ִד ְר ֗שׁוּ ְבּ ַ ֤ב ַﬠל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ ֨ ֹפּל ֲא ַחזְ ָ֜יה ְבּ ַ ֣ﬠד ַה ְשּׂ ָב ָ֗כה ַבּ ֲﬠ ִליָּ ֛תוֹ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֖רוֹן וַ יָּ ַ֑חל וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח ַמ ְל ָא ִ֔כים וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫ם־א ְח ֶי֖ה ֵמ ֳח ִ ֥לי ֶזֽה׃ ס‬ ֶ ‫�הי ֶﬠ ְק ֔רוֹן ִא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫בוּב ֱא‬ ֙ ְ‫ז‬ 1:2

‫ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

1–5 2 Kgs 1:2; 9:16 (‫ ;)וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬9:23b; 9:27 (‫ ;)וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬9:29 6–7 2 Kgs 11:2b; 2 Chr 20:35

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma in various forms ending in ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) in various forms ending in ‫הוּ‬ (e.g., ‫)א ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬. ֲ This distinction is implied in the addition in the Mm at 2 Kgs 9:16 and 2 Chr 20:35 of the notation second (form of ‫)א ַחזְ יָ ה‬ ֲ in the verse to the 2 Kgs 9:23b reference, because the first form of Ahaziah’s name in this verse is written ‫א ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬. ֲ

Similarly, there is an addition in the Mm at 2 Kgs 9:16 of the notation second (form of ‫)א ַחזְ יָ ה‬ ֲ in the verse to the 2 Kgs 11:2b reference, because the first form of Ahaziah’s name in this verse is written ‫א ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬. ֲ

All the Mp and Mm headings for this lemma highlighted above read seven times apart from the Mp at 2 Kgs 9:16 (‫)וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬, which mistakenly reads three times. The latter number may originally have been intended for ‫וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬, which does occur three times (at 2 Kgs 8:29, 9:21, and 12:19). 1:2

Unique

‫ַבּ ֲﬠ ִליָּ תוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וַ ֲﬠ ִליָּ תוֹ‬at 2 Chr 9:4. 1:2

Unique

‫וַ יָּ ַחל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ח‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with a səḡôl (‫ ;)וַ יָּ ֶחל‬see the Mm at 1 Chr 10:3 sub ‫וַ יָּ ֶחל‬, and 1 Sam 31:3.

2 KINGS 1:2

‫ֶא ְחיֶ ה‬

Four times

3

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 1:2; Ps 118:17; 119:17; Job 7:16 —————————— ‫ ֶא ְחיֶ ה‬four times 2 Kgs 1:2 Ps 118:17 Ps 119:17 Job 7:16

‫אחיה ̇ד‬

Mm

‫ויפל אחזיה בעד חשבכה‬ ‫לא אמות כי אחיה‬ ‫גמל על עבדך‬ ‫מאסתי לא )לעולם( ]לעלם[ אחיה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ח‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (43x) written with a ‫)א ְהיֶ ה( ה‬. ֶ

The Mp heading at Ps 119:17, just like the Mp heading here, reads four times however, the Mp at Ps 118:17 reads four times ma’riḵ (‫)מאריך‬, that is, with gaʿyâ = meṯeḡ; see Wickes Accentuation, 24; and Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

But in ML only three of the four forms listed above have a gaʿyâ (Ps 118:17 [‫]א ְח ֶי֑ה‬, ֽ ֶ 119:17 [‫ ] ֶ ֽא ְח ֶ֗יה‬and Job 7:16 [‫)] ֶ ֽא ְח ֶי֑ה‬, but the form here does not (‫) ֶא ְח ֶי֖ה‬.

This gaʿyâ does not appear either in the Ms of MA nor in the printed editions of Cohen, Miqraot Gedolot ‘Haketer’ or Castro, El codice, but it is inserted in the editions of Breuer, Torah Neviim Ketuvim, and in the Jerusalem Crown.

2 KINGS 1:3 ‫ל־א ִליָּ ֣ה ַה ִתּ ְשׁ ִ֔בּי ֣קוּם ֲﬠ ֔ ֵלה ִל ְק ַ ֖ראת ַמ ְל ֲא ֵכ֣י ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־שׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן וְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ַ ֽה ִמ ְבּ ִ ֤לי ֵאין־‬ ֵ ‫הוה ִדּ ֶבּ ֙ר ֶא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫וּמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ַ ‫�הי ֶﬠ ְק ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ים ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַא ֶתּ ֙ם ֽהֹ ְל ִ֔כים ִל ְד ֕ר ֹשׁ ְבּ ַ ֥ב ַﬠל זְ ֖בוּב ֱא‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ֱא‬ 1:3

‫ִל ְדר ֹשׁ ְבּ ַב ַﬠל זְ בוּב‬

Three verses in which one is liable to err 2 Kgs 1:3; 1:6; 1:16

——————————

‫מטע‬ ̇ ‫פסוק‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

4

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Three verses in this section in which one is liable to err 2 Kgs 1:3 ‫ומלאך יהוה דבר‬ 2 Kgs 1:6 ‫ויאמרו אליו )ואיש( ]איש[ עלה לקראתנו‬ 2 Kgs 1:16 ‫וידבר אליו‬ The first: ‫אַתּם ה ְֹל ִכים ִל ְדר ֹשׁ‬ ֶ (2 Kgs 1:3) The second: ‫אַתּה שׁ ֵֹל ַ� ִל ְדר ֹשׁ‬ ָ (2 Kgs 1:6) The last: ‫( ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִל ְדר ֹשׁ ִבּ ְד ָברוֹ‬2 Kgs 1:16)

̇‫ ̇ג פסוקין דמטעין בעינינ‬Mm

‫קדמייה אתם הלכים לדרש‬ [‫תינינה אתה שלח )לדרוש( ]לדרש‬ ‫בתרי̇ בישראל )לדרוש( ]לדרש[ בדברו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes three verses containing the phrase ‫ ִל ְדר ֹשׁ ְבּ ַב ַﬠל זְ בוּב‬to inquire of Baalzebub, where errors could be made because of the similar phraseology. The circellus has been placed on ‫וּמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה‬ ַ because it is the first phrase in the verse. 1:3

‫ֵא ִליָּ ה‬

Five times 1–5

Mp

‫̇ה‬

2 Kgs 1:3; 1:4; 1:8; 1:12; Mal 3:23

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences, apart from the Writings, of this lemma written with a final ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (60x) written with the ending ‫)א ִליָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬. ֵ This distinction is implied in the additional note at the end of the Mm to Mal 3:23 that reads and similarly all the Writings apart from one. The one exception in the Writings is ‫ ֵמ ֵא ִליָּ הוּ‬at 2 Chr 21:12. 1:3

‫וְ ַד ֵבּר‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Mp

2 Sam 19:8; 2 Kgs 1:3; 2:11; Isa 58:9; 58:13 Isa 59:4; Jer 7:13; 25:3; 35:14; Ezek 37:21 Neh 9:13

——————————

2 KINGS ‫ וְ ַד ֵבּר‬eleven times, and their references 1–5 2 Kgs 1:3 2 Kgs 2:11 2 Sam 19:8 Isa 58:13 Isa 58:9 6–10 Isa 59:4 Jer 7:13 Jer 25:3 Jer 35:14 Ezek 37:21 11 Neh 9:13

‫ודבר י̇ ̇א וסימנהון‬

5 Mm

‫ומלאך יהוה דבר‬ ‫ויהי המה הלכים‬ ‫ועתה קום צא ודבר‬ ‫אם תשיב משבת רגלך‬ ‫אז תקרא ויהוה יענה‬ ‫אין )קורא( ]קרא[ בצדק‬ ‫השכם ודבר‬ ‫מן שלש עשרה שנה‬ ‫הוקם את דברי יהונדב‬ [‫ודבר )אלהם( ]אליהם‬ ‫ועל הר סיני ירדת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (77x) written without a cj. 1:3

‫וְ ַד ֵבּר ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

‫ וְ ַד ֵבּר ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬twice

‫ודבר אלהם ̇ב‬

Mm

2 Kgs 1:3 ‫המבלי אין אלהים‬ The second occurrence of �ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ ‫( ִהנֵּ ה ֲאנִ י‬Ezek 37:21) ‫הנה )אנכי( ]אני[ לקח בתריה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj. This distinction is implied in the addition of the second occurrence to the phrase �ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ ‫ ִהנֵּ ה ֲאנִ י‬in the Ezek 37:21 reference because, in the first occurence of this phrase in v. 19, the lemma appears without a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫) ַדּ ֵבּר ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

2 KINGS 1:4 ‫א־ת ֵ ֥רד ִמ ֶ ֖מּנָּ ה ִ ֣כּי ֣מוֹת ָתּ ֑מוּת וַ יֵּ ֶ֖ל� ֵא ִליָּ ֽ ה׃‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ית ָ ֛שּׁם ֽל‬ ָ ‫ר־ﬠ ִ ֥ל‬ ָ ‫הוה ַה ִמּ ָ֞טּה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ה־א ַ ֣מר י‬ ָ ֹ‫וְ ָל ֵ ֙כן ֽכּ‬ 1:4

‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬ ָ ‫וְ ָל ֵכן כּ‬

Twenty-one times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Mp

2 Kgs 1:4; 19:32; Isa 29:22; 37:33; Jer 6:21 Jer 11:11; 11:21; 14:15; 15:19; 18:13 Jer 22:18; 23:38; 28:16; 29:32; 32:28 Jer 34:17; 36:30; 51:36; Amos 7:17; Mic 2:3 Zech 1:16

6

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah here, and in the Mp heading at Jer 23:38, notes the twenty-one occurrences of this phrase, with and without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from similar phrases that occur where the Tetragrammaton is followed by ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֱ ‫צ ָבאוֹת‬,ְ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬or ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ְצ ָבאוֹת ֱא‬. The Mp and the Mm headings at 2 Kgs 19:32 read only twenty, thereby not including the sole occurrence (here) of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫ וְ ָל ֵכן כֹּה‬and one on ‫א ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬. ָ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6, and passim. 1:4

‫ֵא ִליָּ ה‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:3.

2 KINGS 1:6 ‫ם וְ ִד ַבּ ְר ֶ ֣תּם ֵא ֗ ָליו‬ ֒ ‫ר־שׁ ַל֣ח ֶא ְת ֶכ‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫שׁוּבוּ ֶא‬ ֮ ‫ינוּ ְל ֣כוּ‬ ֮ ‫אמר ֵא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אתנוּ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֵ֗ ‫אמ ֨רוּ ֵא ֜ ָליו ִ ֣אישׁ ׀ ָﬠ ָל֣ה ִל ְק ָר‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫�הי ֶﬠ ְק ֑רוֹן ֠ ָל ֵכן ַה ִמּ ָ֞טּה ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ים ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַא ָ ֣תּה שׁ ֔ ֵֹל ַ� ִל ְד ֕ר ֹשׁ ְבּ ַ ֥ב ַﬠל זְ ֖בוּב ֱא‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ין־א‬ ֱ ‫הוה ַ ֽה ִמ ְבּ ִ ֤לי ֵא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ֹ֚כּה ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ ‫י־מוֹת ָתּ ֽמוּת׃‬ ֥ ‫א־ת ֵ ֥רד ִמ ֶ ֖מּנָּ ה ִ ֽכּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ית ָ ֛שּׁם ֽל‬ ָ ‫ָﬠ ִ ֥ל‬ 1:6

‫וְ ִד ַבּ ְר ֶתּם ֵא ָליו‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ֵא ָליו‬with ‫וְ ִד ַבּ ְר ֶתּם‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ )וַ ֲא ַמ ְר ֶתּם ֵא ָליו( וַ ֲא ַמ ְר ֶתּם‬at Gen 45:9 and Exod 3:18. 1:6

‫ַה ִמ ְבּ ִלי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

1–4 Exod 14:11; 2 Kgs 1:3; 1:6; 1:16 ——————————

2 KINGS [‫]ד‬ ̇ (‫המבלי )̇ג‬

‫ ַה ִמ ְבּ ִלי‬four times

1–4 Exod 14:11 2 Kgs 1:3 And its companion (2 Kgs 1:6)

Mm ‫אין קברים‬ ‫אין אלהים בישראל‬ ‫וחבירו‬

Com.: The Mp heading of three times is inexact since there are four occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read three times in the section or three times in the book. The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (20x) written without this interrogative. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 1:7 ‫ת־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֖רים ָה ֵ ֽא ֶלּה׃‬ ַ ‫יכם ֶא‬ ֶ֔ ‫את ֶכ֑ם וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֲא ֵל‬ ְ ‫וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ֶ ֚מה ִמ ְשׁ ַפּ֣ט ָה ִ֔אישׁ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָל֖ה ִל ְק ַר‬ 1:7

‫ֶמ ֚ה‬

Twenty-five times

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:6.

Mp

2 KINGS 1:8 ‫אמר ֵא ִליָּ ֥ה ַה ִתּ ְשׁ ִ ֖בּי ֽהוּא׃‬ ַ֕ ֹ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֵא ֗ ָליו ִ ֚אישׁ ַ ֣בּ ַﬠל ֵשׂ ֔ ָﬠר וְ ֵאז֥ וֹר ֖ﬠוֹר ָאז֣ וּר ְבּ ָמ ְת ָנ֑יו וַ יּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 1:8

‫ָאזוּר‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective. 1:8

‫ֵא ִליָּ ה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:3.

7

8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 1:9

�‫�הים ַה ֶ ֥מּ ֶל‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־ר ֹאשׁ ָה ָ֔הר וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֵא ֔ ָליו ִ ֚אישׁ ָ ֽה ֱא‬ ֣ ‫ר־ח ִמ ִ ֖שּׁים וַ ֲח ִמ ָ ֑שּׁיו וַ יַּ ַ֣ﬠל ֵא ֗ ָליו וְ ִהנֵּ ֙ה י ֵֹשׁ ֙ב ַﬠ‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֥לח ֵא ָל֛יו ַשׂ‬ ‫ִדּ ֶ ֖בּר ֵ ֽר ָדה׃‬ 1:9

‫וַ ֲח ִמ ָשּׁיו‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 1:9; 1:11; 1:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a cj. at 2 Kgs 1:10 and 12. 1:9

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה י ֵֹשׁב ַﬠל־רֹאשׁ ָה ָהר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

In ML there are only three circelli on this five-word phrase; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

2 KINGS 1:10 ‫אכל א ְֹת�֖ וְ ֶאת־‬ ֥ ַ ֹ ‫ן־ה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם וְ ת‬ ַ ‫ים ָ֔אנִ י ֵ ֤תּ ֶרד ֵא ֙שׁ ִמ‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ם־אישׁ ֱא‬ ֤ ִ ‫ם וְ ִא‬ ֒ ‫ל־שׂר ַה ֲח ִמ ִשּׁי‬ ֣ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶנ֣ה ֵא ִל ָ֗יּהוּ וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ ֮ר ֶא‬ ‫ת־ח ִמ ָ ֽשּׁיו׃‬ ֲ ‫אכל א ֹ֖תוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫ן־ה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם וַ ֥תּ‬ ַ ‫ֲח ִמ ֶ ֑שּׁי� וַ ֵ ֤תּ ֶרד ֵא ֙שׁ ִמ‬ 1:10

‫ַה ֲח ִמ ִשּׁים‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

1–5 Lev 25:10; 25:11; Num 16:35; 31:30; 31:47 6–8 2 Kgs 1:10; 1:13; 1:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its far more numerous occurrences (97x) without a def. article. All the above highlighted Mp headings read eight times apart from that at Lev 25:11, which incorrectly reads four times, although its Mm heading reads eight times and correctly lists eight references.

2 KINGS 1:10

‫ם־אישׁ‬ ִ ‫וְ ִא‬

Three times

9

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Deut 24:12; 2 Kgs 1:10; Job 11:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) written without a cj. 1:10

‫ֹאכל‬ ַ ‫וְ ת‬

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 9:20.

2 KINGS 1:11 ‫ה־א ַ ֥מר ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ְמ ֵה ָ ֥רה ֵ ֽר ָדה׃‬ ָ ֹ‫�הים ֽכּ‬ ִ֔ ‫ﬠן וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֵא ֔ ָליו ִ ֚אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֙ ַ ‫ר־ח ִמ ִ ֥שּׁים ַא ֵ ֖חר וַ ֲח ִמ ָ ֑שּׁיו וַ ַ֨יּ‬ ֲ ‫וַ ָ֜יּ ָשׁב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֥לח ֵא ָל֛יו ַשׂ‬ 1:11

‫וַ ֲח ִמ ָשּׁיו‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:9. 1:11

‫ֵר ָדה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 1:9; 1:11

Mp

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ṣerê (pausal), to distinguish them from its two occurrences pointed with a šəwâ (‫ ְ)ר ָדה‬at Gen 45:9 and Ezek 32:19.

2 KINGS 1:12 ‫ת־ח ִמ ֶ ֑שּׁי� וַ ֵ ֤תּ ֶרד‬ ֲ ‫ֹאכל א ְֹת�֖ וְ ֶא‬ ֥ ַ ‫ן־ה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם וְ ת‬ ַ ‫ים ָ֔אנִ י ֵ ֤תּ ֶרד ֵא ֙שׁ ִמ‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ם־אישׁ ָ ֽה ֱא‬ ֤ ִ ‫ם ִא‬ ֒ ‫יה‬ ֶ ‫וַ יַּ ַ֣ﬠן ֵא ִליָּ ֮ה וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֲא ֵל‬ ‫ת־ח ִמ ָ ֽשּׁיו׃‬ ֲ ‫אכל א ֹ֖תוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫ן־ה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם וַ ֥תּ‬ ַ ‫ים ִמ‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫שׁ־א‬ ֱ ‫ֵא‬ 1:12 Six times

‫ֹאכל‬ ַ ‫וְ ת‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 9:20.

10

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

1:12

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫שׁ־א‬ ֱ ‫ֵא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 1:12; Job 1:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ֵאשׁ‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֱ to distinguish them from its three occasions with ‫) ֵאשׁ יְ הוָ ה( יְ הוָ ה‬.

2 KINGS 1:13 ‫ל־בּ ְר ָכּ֣יו ׀ ְל ֶ ֣נ גֶ ד‬ ִ ‫ישׁי וַ יִּ ְכ ַ ֥רע ַﬠ‬ ִ֜ ‫ר־ה ֲח ִמ ִ֨שּׁים ַה ְשּׁ ִל‬ ַ ‫ר־ח ִמ ִ ֥שּׁים ְשׁ ִל ִ ֖שׁים וַ ֲח ִמ ָ ֑שּׁיו וַ ַ֡יּ ַﬠל וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֩א ַשׂ‬ ֲ ‫וַ ָ֗יּ ָשׁב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֛ח ַשׂ‬ ‫ר־נ֣א נַ ְפ ִ֗שׁי וְ ֨ ֶנ ֶפשׁ ֲﬠ ָב ֶ ֥די�ֽ ֵ ֛א ֶלּה ֲח ִמ ִ ֖שּׁים ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינֽי�׃‬ ָ ‫�הים ִ ֽתּ ַיק‬ ִ֔ ‫ֵא ִל ָ֗יּהוּ וַ יִּ ְת ַח ֵנּ֤ ן ֵא ָל ֙יו וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֵא ֔ ָליו ִ ֚אישׁ ָ ֽה ֱא‬ 1:13

‫וַ ֲח ִמ ָשּׁיו‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:9. 1:13

‫ַה ֲח ִמ ִשּׁים‬

Eight times

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:10. 1:13

‫וַ יִּ ְכ ַרע‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 1:13; 9:24

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without it (‫ )יִ ְכ ַרע‬at Judg 7:5; Esth 3:2. 1:13

‫ְלנֶ גֶ ד ֵא ִליָּ הוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

1:13

‫ִתּ ַיקר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 1:13; 1:14

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS

11

2 KINGS 1:14 ‫יהם וְ ַﬠ ָ֕תּה ִתּי ַ ֥ קר נַ ְפ ִ ֖שׁי‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ת־ח ִמ ֵשּׁ‬ ֲ ‫ת־שׁ ֞ ֵני ָשׂ ֵ ֧רי ַה ֲח ִמ ִ ֛שּׁים ָה ִראשׁ ִֹנ֖ים וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ֹאכל ֶא‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם ַו֠תּ‬ ַ ‫֠ ִהנֵּ ה ָ ֤י ְ ר ָדה ֵא ֙שׁ ִמ‬ ‫ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינֽי�׃ ס‬ 1:14

‫ַה ֲח ִמ ִשּׁים‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:10. 1:14

‫ָה ִראשׁ ֹנִ ים‬

Thirty times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30

̇‫̇כי‬

Mp

Exod 34:1; Num 6:12; Deut 10:2; 10:10; 2 Kgs 1:14 2 Kgs 17:34; Jer 11:10; 34:5; 36:28; Zech 1:4 Zech 7:7; 7:12; 8:11; Ps 89:50; Qoh 7:10 Dan 10:13; Neh 5:15; 1 Chr 9:2; 18:17; 29:29 2 Chr 9:29; 12:15; 16:11 (‫;)ה ִראשׁוֹנִ ים‬ ָ 17:3; 20:34 2 Chr 22:1; 25:26; 26:22; 28:26; 35:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirty occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its five occurrences without the article.

All the Mp headings highlighted above read thirty times except for two headings at 2 Chr 16:11 and 22:1. At 2 Chr 16:11 the Mp reads unique plene noting the specific form of ‫ה ִראשׁוֹנִ ים‬.ָ

At 2 Chr 22:1 the Mp reads sixteen times in the book, but there are only thirteen occurrences of this lemma in the book of Chronicles. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the original reading may have been, not in the book, but in the Writings, and the writing ‫ יו‬sixteen be considered a graphic error for ‫ יז‬seventeen, which would be the correct total of occurrences of this lemma in the Writings. 1:14

‫ִתּ ַיקר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 1:13; 1:14

Mp

12

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 1:15 ‫ל־ה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ַ ‫אוֹתוֹ ֶא‬ ֖ ‫ירא ִמ ָפּ ָנ֑יו וַ יָּ ֛ ָ קם וַ יֵּ ֶ֥ רד‬ ֖ ָ ‫ל־תּ‬ ִ ‫אוֹתוֹ ַא‬ ֔ ‫ל־א ִל ָ֔יּהוּ ֵ ֣רד‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ַד ֵ֞בּר ַמ ְל ַ ֤א� יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬

1:15

‫וַ יְ ַד ֵבּר ַמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ַמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה‬with ‫וַ יְ ַד ֵבּר‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ ) ְכּ ַד ֵבּר ַמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה( ְכּ ַד ֵבּר‬at Judg 2:4. 1:15

‫אוֹתוֹ‬1

Twenty-five times plene Com.: See Josh 16:6.

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 1:16 ‫ים‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ין־א‬ ֱ ‫�הי ֶﬠ ְקרוֹן֒ ַ ֽה ִמ ְבּ ִ ֤לי ֵא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫בוּב ֱא‬ ֮ ְ‫ים ִל ְדר ֹ֮שׁ ְבּ ַ ֣ב ַﬠל ז‬ ֮ ‫ר־שׁ ַל ְ֣ח ָתּ ַמ ְל ָא ִכ‬ ָ ‫הוה ַ֜י ַﬠן ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ה־א ַ ֣מר י‬ ָ ֹ‫וַ יְ ַד ֵ֨בּר ֵא ֜ ָליו ֽכּ‬ ‫י־מוֹת ָתּ ֽמוּת׃‬ ֥ ‫א־ת ֵ ֥רד ִמ ֶ ֖מּנָּ ה ִ ֽכּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ית ָ ֛שּׁם ֽל‬ ָ ‫ר־ﬠ ִ ֥ל‬ ָ ‫ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִל ְד ֖ר ֹשׁ ִבּ ְד ָב ֑רוֹ ֠ ָל ֵכן ַה ִמּ ָ֞טּה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 1:16

‫ַה ִמ ְבּ ִלי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 1:6.

2 KINGS 1:17 �‫הוֹשׁ ָ ֖פט ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ָ ְ‫יהוֹרם ֶבּן־י‬ ֥ ָ ‫הוֹר ֙ם ַתּ ְח ָ֔תּיו פ ִבּ ְשׁ ַנ֣ת ְשׁ ַ֔תּיִ ם ִל‬ ָ ְ‫ר־דּ ֶבּ֣ר ֵא ִל ָ֗יּהוּ וַ יִּ ְמ�֤ � י‬ ִ ‫הו֣ה ׀ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ָ֜יּ ָמת ִכּ ְד ַ ֥בר י‬ ‫א־היָ ה ל֖ וֹ ֵ ֽבּן׃‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫הוּדה ִ ֛כּי ֽל‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫י‬ 1:17

‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ‫ִל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 1:17; 2 Chr 21:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a ‫יוֹרם( ה‬ ָ ‫)ל‬. ְ For the distinction in the writing of Jehoram’s name as ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬or ‫יוֹרם‬, ָ see the Mm at 2 Kgs 8:16 sub ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬.

2 KINGS

13

2 KINGS 1:18 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫וֹא־ה ָמּה ְכ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲה ֽל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ֲא ַחזְ ָי֖הוּ ֲא‬ 1:18

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS 2:1 ‫ן־הגִּ ְל ָ ֽגּל׃‬ ַ ‫ישׁע ִמ‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־א ִל ָ֔יּהוּ ַ ֽבּ ְס ָﬠ ָ ֖רה ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֑מיִ ם וַ יֵּ ֶ֧ל� ֵא ִליָּ ֛הוּ וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ְבּ ַה ֲﬠל֤ וֹת יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ 2:1

‫ְבּ ַה ֲﬠלוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 2:1; Ezek 26:19; 2 Chr 35:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ ב‬to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)כּ ַה ֲﬠלוֹת( כ‬ ְ at Ezek 26:3. 2:1

‫ַבּ ְס ָﬠ ָרה‬

Twice written with ‫ס‬ 2 Kgs 2:1; 2:11

‫כת ̇ס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

——————————

Mp

‫ ַבּ ְס ָﬠ ָרה‬twice written with ‫ס‬, and their references ‫כתב ̇ס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫בסערה ̇ב‬

2 Kgs 2:1 ‫ויהי בהעלות יהוה את אליהו‬ 2 Kgs 2:11 ‫ויהי המה הלכים הלוך‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ס‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence written a ‫)בּ ְשׂ ָﬠ ָרה( שׂ‬ ִ at Job 9:17.

14

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 2:3

‫ת־אד ֶֹנ֖י� ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל‬ ֲ ‫הו֛ה � ֵ ֥ ק ַ� ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֵא ֔ ָליו ֲהיָ ַ ֕ד ְﬠ ָתּ ִ ֣כּי ַהיּ֗ וֹם י‬ ְ ֹ ‫ישׁ ֒ע וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫ית־א ֮ל ֶא‬ ֵ ‫ר־בּ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫יאים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֥ ִ ‫ֽי־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ‫וַ יֵּ ְצ ֨אוּ ְב ֵנ‬ ‫ם־א ִ ֥ני יָ ַ ֖ד ְﬠ ִתּי ֶה ֱח ֽשׁוּ׃‬ ֲ ַ‫אמר גּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אשׁ� וַ ֛יּ‬ ֶ֑ ֹ‫ר‬ 2:3

‫יאים‬ ִ ‫י־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ֵ‫וַ יֵּ ְצאוּ ְבנ‬

The first occurrence is ‫יאים‬ ִ ‫י־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ֵ‫( וַ יֵּ ְצאוּ ְבנ‬2 Kgs 2:3) The second occurrence is ‫יאים‬ ִ ‫י־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ֵ‫( וַ יִּ גְּ שׁוּ ְבנ‬2 Kgs 2:5) And their sîman is 1 Sam 30:21

‫קדמייה ויצאו בני הנביאים‬ ‫תינינה ויגשו בני הנביאים‬

Mm

‫וסימנהון ויבא דוד אל מאתים האנשים‬

Com.: The Masorah compares the two parallel phrases of 2 Kgs 2:3 and 2 Kgs 2:5 and notes their difference by means of a third verse sîman. In the first verse, the verb that occurs is ‫וַ יֵּ ְצאוּ‬, whereas in the second verse it is ‫וַ יִּ גְּ שׁוּ‬.

The verse 1 Sam 30:21 is cited as the third verse sîman because it contains the elements of this difference, namely both verbs occurring in the same order (‫וַ יִּ גַּ שׁ‬...‫ )וַ יֵּ ְצאוּ‬as in the two verses from Kings. 2:3

‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫ר־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ֲא ֶשׁ‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 2:3; 10:29

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר‬with ‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫בּ‬,ֵ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫ית־אל( ְבּ ֵב‬ ֵ ‫ ) ֲא ֶשׁר ְבּ ֵב‬at 1 Kgs 13:32 and 2 Kgs 23:15. Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed only on the two words ‫ר־בּית‬ ֵ ‫ ֲא ֶשׁ‬but, since this A phrase occurs nine times, it is most likely that, as in M , the note belongs with the three words ‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫ר־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ ֲא ֶשׁ‬that only occur twice. MC has no note here. 2:3

‫ֲהיָ ַד ְﬠ ָתּ‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 2 Kgs 2:3; 2:5; Job 38:33; 39:1; Dan 10:20 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ ֲהיָ ַד ְﬠ ָתּ‬five times

1–5 2 Kgs 2:3 2 Kgs 2:5 Job 38:33 Job 39:1 Dan 10:20

‫הידעת ̇ה‬

15

Mm

‫לקח את אדניך‬ ‫לקח את אדניך‬ ‫חקות שמים‬ ‫עת לדת )ועלי( ]יעלי[ סלע‬ ‫למה באתי אליך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (47x) written without this interrogative. 2:3

�ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

1–5 Gen 27:46; Deut 27:25; 2 Kgs 2:3; 2:5; Ezek 24:16 6–8 Ezek 37:19; 37:21; Prov 9:7 ——————————

�ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ eight times and defective, and their references

1–5 Gen 27:46 2 Kgs 2:3 2 Kgs 2:5 Ezek 24:16 Ezek 37:19 6–8 Ezek 37:21 Deut 27:25 Prov 9:7

And once (�ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ ְ‫)ו‬:

‫וחס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫לקח ̇ח‬

Mm

‫קצתי בחיי‬ ‫אשר )בבית( ]בית[ אל‬ ‫אשר ביריחו‬ ‫את מחמד עיניך‬ ‫את עץ יוסף‬ ‫את בני ישראל‬ ‫ארור‬ ‫יסר לץ‬ Prov 11:30

‫וא ולקח נפשות‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma as a ptcp., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (45x) as a perf. (‫)ל ַקח‬. ָ All the Mp headings highlighted above, apart from Prov 9:7, read eight times. The one at Prov 9:7 reads nine times to include the lemma with the ‫ ו‬cj. (�ַ ‫�ק‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬at Prov 11:30.

By noting in the heading of the Mm that the eight occurrences of this lemma are all written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

16 2:3

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML �‫אשׁ‬ ֶ ֹ‫ר‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Gen 40:13; 2 Sam 1:16; 2 Kgs 2:3; 2:5 ——————————

�‫אשׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ ר‬four times, and their references Gen 40:13 2 Sam 1:16 2 Kgs 2:3 2 Kgs 2:5

‫ראשך ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫בעוד שלשת ימים‬ ‫ויאמר אליו דוד‬ ‫ויצאו בני הנביאים‬ ‫ויגשו בני הנביאים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a səḡôl under the ‫( שׁ‬pausal), to distinguish them from its five occurrences written with a šəwâ (�‫אשׁ‬ ְ ֹ ‫)ר‬. 2:3

Twice

‫ֶה ֱחשׁוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 2:3; 2:5

2 KINGS 2:4 ‫ם־א ֶﬠזְ ֶ ֑בךָּ וַ יָּ ֖בֹאוּ‬ ֶ ‫הו֥ה וְ ֵ ֽחי־נַ ְפ ְשׁ�֖ ִא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ַחי־י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יחוֹ וַ ֕יּ‬ ֔ ‫ב־נ֣א ֗ ֹפה ִ ֤כּי יְ הוָ ֙ה ְשׁ ָל ַ ֣חנִ י יְ ִר‬ ָ ‫ישׁע ׀ ֵ ֽשׁ‬ ֣ ָ ‫אמר֩ ֨לוֹ ֵא ִל ָ֜יּהוּ ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫יחוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫יְ ִר‬ 2:4 Twice

‫אמר לוֹ ֵא ִליָּ הוּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 2:4; 2:6

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with ‫לוֹ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫יה‬ ָ ‫יה ֵא ִליָּ הוּ( ֵא ֶל‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ )וַ יּ‬at 1 Kgs 17:13.

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 2:5‬‬

‫ת־אד ֶֹנ֖י� ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל‬ ‫הוה � ֵ ֥ ק ַ� ֶא ֲ‬ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֵא ֔ ָליו ֲהיָ ַ ֕ד ְﬠ ָתּ ִ ֣כּי ַהיּ֗ וֹם יְ ָ ֛‬ ‫ישׁ ֒ע וַ יּ ֹ ְ‬ ‫ל־א ִל ָ‬ ‫יחוֹ ֶא ֱ‬ ‫ר־בּ ִיר ֮‬ ‫יאים ֲא ֶשׁ ִ ֽ‬ ‫ֽי־הנְּ ִב ִ ֥‬ ‫וַ יִּ גְּ ֨שׁוּ ְב ֵנ ַ‬ ‫ם־א ִ ֥ני יָ ַ ֖ד ְﬠ ִתּי ֶה ֱח ֽשׁוּ׃‬ ‫אמר גַּ ֲ‬ ‫אשׁ� וַ ֛יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫רֹ ֶ֑‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬

‫ֲהיָ ַד ְﬠ ָתּ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Five times‬‬

‫̇ה‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 2:3.‬‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬

‫�ק ַ�‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Eight times‬‬

‫̇ח‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 2:3.‬‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬

‫אשׁ�‬ ‫רֹ ֶ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 2:3.‬‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬

‫ֶה ֱחשׁוּ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪2 Kgs 2:3; 2:5‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 2:6‬‬ ‫ם־א ֶﬠזְ ֶ ֑בךָּ וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ‬ ‫הו֥ה וְ ֵ ֽחי־נַ ְפ ְשׁ�֖ ִא ֶ‬ ‫אמר ַחי־יְ ָ‬ ‫ב־נ֣א ֗ ֹפה ִ ֤כּי יְ הוָ ֙ה ְשׁ ָל ַ ֣חנִ י ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֔דּנָ ה וַ ֕יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫אמר֩ ֨לוֹ ֵא ִל ָ֜יּהוּ ֵ ֽשׁ ָ‬ ‫וַ יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ‫ְשׁנֵ ֶ ֽ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּנָ ה‬ ‫̇ד‬

‫‪2:6‬‬

‫‪Four times‬‬

‫‪Num 34:12; Judg 8:4; 2 Kgs 2:6; 6:4‬‬ ‫——————————‬

18

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּנָ ה‬four times, and their references

Num 34:12 Judg 8:4 2 Kgs 2:6 2 Kgs 6:4

‫הירדנה ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫וירד הגבול הירדנה‬ ‫ויבא גדעון‬ ‫שלחני‬ ‫ויגזרו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) written without this adverbial ending (‫)היַּ ְר ֵדּן‬. ַ

2 KINGS 2:8 ‫יהם ֶבּ ָח ָר ָ ֽבה׃‬ ֖ ֶ ֵ‫ת־ה ַ֔מּיִ ם וַ יֵּ ָח ֖צוּ ֵ ֣הנָּ ה וָ ֵ ֑הנָּ ה וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֥רוּ ְשׁנ‬ ַ ‫�ם וַ יַּ ֶכּ֣ה ֶא‬ ֙ ְ‫ת־א ַדּ ְר ֤תּוֹ וַ יִּ ג‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ַקּ ֩ח ֵא ִל ָ֨יּהוּ ֶא‬ 2:8

‫וַ יִּ גְ �ם‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma (from ‫גָּ ַלם‬, he wrapped), possibly to distinguish it from its two occurrences pointed as ‫( וַ יַּ גְ ֵלם‬from ‫גָ ָלה‬, he exiled them) at 2 Kgs 15:29 and 1 Chr 5:26. 2:8

‫וַ יַּ ֶכּה‬

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:40. 2:8

Twice

‫וַ יֵּ ָחצוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 2:8; 2:14

2 KINGS 2:9 ‫י־נ֛א‬ ָ ‫יה‬ ִ ‫ישׁע ִ ֽו‬ ָ֔ ‫ה־לּ� ְבּ ֶ ֖ט ֶרם ֶא ָלּ ַ ֣ קח ֵמ ִﬠ ָ ֑מּ� וַ ֣יּ ֹא ֶמר ֱא ִל‬ ָ ֔ ‫ישׁ ֙ע ְשׁ ַאל֙ ָ ֣מה ֶ ֽא ֱﬠ ֶשׂ‬ ָ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ְכ ָﬠ ְב ָ ֗רם וְ ֵ֨א ִל ָ֜יּהוּ ָא ַ ֤מר ֶא‬ ‫רוּח�֖ ֵא ָ ֽלי׃‬ ֲ ‫י־שׁ ַנ֥ יִ ם ְבּ‬ ְ ‫ִ ֽפּ‬ 2:9 Unique

‫ְכ ָﬠ ְב ָרם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

19

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a ‫ כ‬at the beginning of the word; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20. 2:9

‫ֶא ָלּ ַקח‬

Unique 2:9

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫יהי‬ ִ ִ‫ו‬

Thirty-two times

‫̇ל ̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 10:5.

Mp

2 KINGS 2:10 ‫ם־איִ ן ֥ל ֹא יִ ְה ֶיֽה׃‬ ֖ ַ ‫י־ל�֣ ֵ֔כן וְ ִא‬ ְ ‫ם־תּ ְר ֶ֨אה א ִֹ֜תי ֻל ָ ֤קּח ֵ ֽמ ִא ָתּ ֙� יְ ִ ֽה‬ ִ ‫ית ִל ְשׁ ֑אוֹל ִא‬ ָ ‫אמר ִה ְק ִ ֣שׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֖יּ‬ 2:10 Unique 2:10

‫ית‬ ָ ‫ִה ְק ִשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ֻל ָקּח‬

Five times with a qameṣ

‫ָ֗ה‬

Mp

1–5 Gen 3:23 (‫;)ל ַקּח‬ ֻ Judg 17:2 (‫;)ל ַקּח‬ ֻ 2 Kgs 2:10; Isa 52:5 (‫;)ל ַקּח‬ ֻ 53:8

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times with a qameṣ is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ. The note should have read, like MA here and the other Mp headings just five times, or like MC here twice with a qameṣ. This lemma is also featured in a Masoretic list of doublets occurring exceptionally with a qameṣ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §25, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §26. 2:10

Five times

�‫ֵמ ִא ָתּ‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:16.

20

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 2:11

‫יהם וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠל֙ ֵ ֣א ִל ָ֔יּהוּ ַ ֽבּ ְסּ ָﬠ ָ ֖רה ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֽמיִ ם׃‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫וּסי ֵ֔אשׁ וַ יַּ ְפ ִ ֖רדוּ ֵבּ֣ין ְשׁנ‬ ֵ ‫ב־א ֙שׁ וְ ֣ס‬ ֵ ‫לוֹ� וְ ַד ֵ֔בּר וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ֶ ֽר ֶכ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ֵ ֣ה ָמּה ה ְֹל ִ ֤כים ָה‬ 2:11

‫סוּסי‬ ֵ ְ‫ו‬

Unique 2:11

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יַּ ְפ ִרדוּ‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. 2:11

‫ֵ ֣א ִל ָ֔יּהוּ‬

Twice with the accents (mûnaḥ and zaqeṕ) Com.: See 1 Kgs 17:23.

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 KINGS 2:12 ‫ישׁע ר ֶֹ֗אה וְ ֤הוּא ְמ ַצ ֵﬠ ֙ק ָא ִ ֣בי ׀ ָא ִ֗בי ֶ ֤ר ֶכב יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ָוּפ ָ֣ר ָ֔שׁיו וְ ֥ל ֹא ָר ָ ֖אהוּ ֑ﬠוֹד ַוֽ יַּ ֲחזֵ ֙ק ִבּ ְבגָ ָ ֔דיו וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵ ֖ﬠם ִל ְשׁ ַנ֥ יִ ם‬ ֣ ָ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ‫ְק ָר ִ ֽﬠים׃‬ 2:12

‫וְ הוּא ְמ ַצ ֵﬠק‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 2:13 ‫ל־שׂ ַ ֥פת ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֽדּן׃‬ ְ ‫מד ַﬠ‬ ֹ ֖ ‫ת־א ֶדּ ֶ֣רת ֵא ִל ָ֔יּהוּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר נָ ְפ ָל֖ה ֵמ ָﬠ ָל֑יו וַ יָּ ָ֥שׁב ַ ֽו יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ֶר ֙ם ֶא‬ 2:13

‫וַ יָּ ֶרם‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 11:26.

2 KINGS

21

2 KINGS 2:14 ‫ף־הוּא ׀ וַ יַּ ֶכּ֣ה‬ ֣ ‫�הי ֵא ִליָּ ֑הוּ ַא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ַא ֵ֕יּה י‬ ַ֕ ֹ ‫ת־ה ַ֔מּיִ ם וַ יּ‬ ַ ‫ת־א ֶ ֨דּ ֶרת ֵא ִל ָ֜יּהוּ ֲא ֶשׁר־נָ ְפ ָל֤ה ֵ ֽמ ָﬠ ָל ֙יו וַ יַּ ֶכּ֣ה ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ַקּ ֩ח ֶא‬ ‫ישׁע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫צוּ ֵ ֣הנָּ ה וָ ֵ֔הנָּ ה ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֖בֹר ֱא ִל‬ ֙ ‫ת־ה ַ֗מּיִ ם וַ יֵּ ָֽח‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 2:14

‫וַ יַּ ֶכּה‬1

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:40. 2:14

‫וַ יַּ ֶכּה‬2

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:40. 2:14

‫וַ יֵּ ָחצוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 2:8; 2:14

2 KINGS 2:15 ‫אתוֹ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחווּ־ל֖ וֹ‬ ֔ ‫אוּ ִל ְק ָר‬ ֙ ֹ‫ישׁע וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫אמ ֔רוּ ָנ ָ֛חה ֥ר ַוּ� ֵא ִליָּ ֖הוּ ַﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יחוֹ ִמ ֔ ֶנּגֶ ד וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ‫ר־בּ ִיר‬ ֽ ִ ‫יאים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֤ ִ ‫ֽי־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֻ֨אהוּ ְב ֵנ‬ ‫ָ ֽא ְר ָצה׃‬ 2:15

‫ָנ ָ֛חה‬

Three times accented (milʿêl)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 2:15; Isa 7:2; 14:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this form accented milʿêl, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence accented milraʿ (‫ )וְ נָ ָ ֥חה‬at Isa 11:2. The Mp headings at Isa 7:2 and 14:7 just read three times.

In ML the heading at Isa 14:7 has mistakenly been placed in the right column alongside �‫ָח ָשׂ‬ instead of in the left column alongside ‫נ ָ֛חה‬.ָ

22

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 2:16

�‫אוֹ ֣ר ַוּ‬ ֙ ‫ת־אד ֹנֶ י�֒ ֶפּן־נְ ָשׂ‬ ֲ ‫יב ְק ֣שׁוּ ֶא‬ ַ ִ‫ֽי־חיִ ל ֵי ְ֣לכוּ נָ ֮א ו‬ ַ֗ ‫ת־ﬠ ָב ֶדי�֩ ֲח ִמ ִ֨שּׁים ֲאנָ ִ֜שׁים ְבּ ֵנ‬ ֲ ‫ֽשׁ־א‬ ֶ ‫ה־נ֣א ֵי‬ ָ ֵ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֵא ֡ ָליו ִהנּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫אמר ֥ל ֹא ִת ְשׁ ָ ֽלחוּ׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יאוֹ֑ ת וַ ֖יּ‬ ָ ֵ‫הוּ ְבּ ַא ַ ֣חד ֶה ָה ִ ֔רים ֖אוֹ ְבּ ַא ַ ֣חת ַהגּ‬ ֙ ‫הוה וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִל ֵ֨כ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫י‬ 2:16

‫יב ְקשׁוּ‬ ַ ִ‫ו‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 2:16; Ps 83:17; 2 Chr 7:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) written with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וַ יְ ַב ְקשׁוּ‬. 2:16

‫נְ ָשׂאוֹ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Exod 35:21; 36:2; 2 Kgs 2:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a masc. sg. sfx., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) pointed as a 3rd pers. pl. ‫נָ ְשׂאוּ‬. 2:16

‫יאוֹת‬ ָ ֵ‫ַהגּ‬

Read ‫ַהגֵּ ָאיוֹת‬

‫הגאיות ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)הגיאות‬, and the qərê (‫)הגֵּ ָאיוֹת‬ ַ represent miscellaneous variations in nouns; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 124.

2 KINGS 2:17 ‫�שׁה־יָ ִ ֖מים וְ ֥ל ֹא ְמ ָצ ֻ ֽאהוּ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫חוּ ֲח ִמ ִ ֣שּׁים ִ֔אישׁ וַ יְ ַב ְק ֥שׁוּ ְשׁ‬ ֙ ‫אמר ְשׁ ָל֑חוּ ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫רוּ־בוֹ ַﬠד־ ֖בֹּשׁ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֥ ‫וַ יִּ ְפ ְצ‬ 2:17

‫ְמ ָצ ֻאהוּ‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

2 KINGS

23

2 KINGS 2:18 ‫ל־תּ ֵ ֽלכוּ׃‬ ֵ ‫יכם ַא‬ ֖ ֶ ‫וֹא־א ַ ֥מ ְר ִתּי ֲא ֵל‬ ָ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ֲה ֽל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יחוֹ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֑ ‫שׁבוּ ֵא ֔ ָליו וְ ֖הוּא י ֵ ֹ֣שׁב ִבּ ִיר‬ ֣ ֻ ָ‫וַ יּ‬ 2:18

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Thirteen times defective in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:16.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS 2:19 ‫יר ֔טוֹב ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֲאד ִֹנ֖י ר ֶ ֹ֑אה וְ ַה ַ ֥מּיִ ם ָר ִ ֖ﬠים וְ ָה ָ ֥א ֶרץ‬ ֙ ‫מוֹשׁב ָה ִﬠ‬ ֤ ַ ‫ה־נא‬ ָ ֞ ֵ‫ישׁע ִהנּ‬ ָ֔ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫יר ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֜רוּ ַאנְ ֵ ֤שׁי ָה ִﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ְמ ַשׁ ָ ֽכּ ֶלת׃‬ 2:19

‫ְמ ַשׁ ָכּ ֶלת‬

Unique with qameṣ

‫֗ ָל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written with a qameṣ (‫)ל‬, ָ ֗ the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written with a səḡôl.

By contrast, the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫ ו‬cj. is written both with a səḡôl (‫)וּמ ַשׁ ֶכּ ֶלת‬ ְ at Ezek 36:13, and with a qameṣ (‫)וּמ ַשׁ ָכּ ֶלת‬ ְ in v. 21.

2 KINGS 2:20 ‫�חית ֲח ָד ָ֔שׁה וְ ִ ֥שׂימוּ ָ ֖שׁם ֶ ֑מ ַלח וַ יִּ ְק ֖חוּ ֵא ָ ֽליו׃‬ ֣ ִ ‫חוּ־לי ְצ‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמר ְק‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ 2:20 Unique

‫�חית‬ ִ ‫ְצ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 2:21 ‫אתי ַל ַ ֣מּיִ ם ָה ֵ֔א ֶלּה ֽל ֹא־יִ ְה ֶי֥ה ִמ ָ ֛שּׁם ֖ﬠוֹד‬ ֙ ִ ‫הוה ִר ֨ ִפּ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ה־א ַ ֣מר י‬ ָ ֹ‫אמר ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�־שׁם ֶ ֑מ ַלח וַ ֜יּ‬ ֖ ָ ‫ל־מוֹצ֣א ַה ַ֔מּיִ ם וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֶל‬ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵצ ֙א ֶא‬ ‫וּמ ַשׁ ָ ֽכּ ֶלת׃‬ ְ ‫ָ ֥מוֶ ת‬ 2:21

‫אתי‬ ִ ‫ִר ִפּ‬

Twice written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

24

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect as this word only occurs this once. Both MC and MA correctly read here unique.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where an ‫ א‬is written but not read: see the Mm to Num 11:4 sub ‫אס ְפ ֻסף‬ ַ ‫וְ ָה‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §103, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §86. 2:21

‫ַל ַמּיִ ם‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 Exod 17:3; 2 Kgs 2:21; Isa 55:1; Jer 14:3; Amos 8:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its two occurrences pointed differently, as ‫ ְל ָמיִ ם‬at Josh 7:5 and as ‫ ָל ָמיִ ם‬at Gen 1:6. 2:21

Unique

‫וּמ ַשׁ ָכּ ֶלת‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. in v. 19.

2 KINGS 2:22 ‫ישׁע ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִדּ ֵ ֽבּר׃ פ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ָר ֣פוּ ַה ַ֔מּיִ ם ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֑ה ִכּ ְד ַ ֥בר ֱא ִל‬ 2:22 Unique

‫וַ יֵּ ָרפוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where an ‫א‬, normally in a word, is omitted; see the Mm to 1 Chr 12:39 sub ‫שׁ ִרית‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §199, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §153.

2 KINGS

25

2 KINGS 2:23 �ַ ‫אמרוּ ֔לוֹ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥לה ֵק ֵ ֖ר‬ ְ ֹ ‫סוּ־בוֹ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ‫ן־ה ֔ ִﬠיר וַ יִּ ְת ַק ְלּ‬ ָ ‫ים יָ ְצ ֣אוּ ִמ‬ ֙ ִ‫ית־אל וְ ֣הוּא ׀ ע ֶֹל֣ה ַב ֶ ֗דּ ֶר� וּנְ ָﬠ ִ ֤רים ְק ַטנּ‬ ֑ ֵ ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠל ִמ ָ ֖שּׁם ֵ ֽבּ‬ ‫ֲﬠ ֵ ֥לה ֵק ֵ ֽר ַ�׃‬ 2:23 Unique

‫וְ הוּא ׀ ע ֶֹלה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words preceded only once by ‫ ;וְ הוּא‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §264. 2:23

Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַק ְלּסוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a ‫ )יִ ְת ַק ְלּסוּ( ו‬at Ezek 22:5.

2 KINGS 2:24 ‫וּשׁ ֵנ֖י‬ ְ ‫ן־ה ַ֔יּ ַﬠר וַ ְתּ ַב ַ ֣קּ ְﬠנָ ה ֵמ ֶ֔הם ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים‬ ַ ‫ים ִמ‬ ֙ ‫הו֑ה וַ ֵתּ ֶ֨צאנָ ה ְשׁ ַ ֤תּיִ ם ֻדּ ִבּ‬ ָ ְ‫שׁם י‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יִּ ֶ֤פן ַ ֽא ֲח ָר ֙יו וַ יִּ ְר ֵ֔אם ַוֽ יְ ַק ְל ֵל֖ם ְבּ‬ ‫יְ ָל ִ ֽדים׃‬ 2:24 Unique

‫וַ יְ ַק ְל ֵלם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a sfx., to distinguish it from its four occurrences without a sfx. (‫)וַ יְ ַק ֵלּל‬. 2:24

Unique

‫וַ ֵתּ ֶצאנָ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

1–2 1 Sam 18:6; 2 Kgs 2:24

Com.: The Mp heading of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 2:24

Unique

‫וַ ְתּ ַב ַקּ ְﬠנָ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

26

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

2 KINGS 2:25 ‫וּמ ָ ֖שּׁם ָ ֥שׁב שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃ פ‬ ִ ‫ל־הר ַה ַכּ ְר ֶ ֑מל‬ ֣ ַ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֥ל� ִמ ָ ֖שּׁם ֶא‬ 2:25

‫וּמ ָשּׁם‬ ִ

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See Josh 19:13.

Mp

2 KINGS 3:2 ‫ת־מ ְצּ ַ ֣בת ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ָא ִ ֽביו׃‬ ַ ‫וּכ ִא ֑מּוֹ וַ ָ֨יּ ַס ֙ר ֶא‬ ְ ‫הוה ַ ֕רק ֥ל ֹא ְכ ָא ִ ֖ביו‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶ ֤שׂה ָה ַר ֙ע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 3:2

‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה ָה ַרע‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

1 Kgs 16:25 (‫ ;)וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה ָﬠ ְמ ִרי ָה ַרע‬2 Kgs 3:2; 13:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the unapocopated verbal form ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (26x) with the apocopated form ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠשׂ‬. The 1 Kgs 16:25 occurrence alone has the subject of the verb (Omri) between the verb and the object. 3:2

Twice

‫ַמ ְצּ ַבת‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 3:2; 10:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them from its four occurrences pointed as ‫מ ֶצּ ֶבת‬. ַ

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that have a paṯaḥ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §24, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §25.

2 KINGS

27

2 KINGS 3:3 ‫א־סר ִמ ֶ ֽמּנָּ ה׃ ס‬ ֖ ָ ֹ ‫ר־ה ֱח ִ ֥טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָדּ ֵ ֑בק ל‬ ֶ ‫ַ ֠רק ְבּ ַח ֞טּ ֹאות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֧ﬠם ֶ ֽבּן־נְ ָ ֛בט ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 3:3

‫ָדּ ֵבק‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 3:3; Prov 18:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences with a paṯaḥ (‫)דּ ַבק‬. ָ

2 KINGS 3:4 ‫ילים ָ ֽצ ֶמר׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫וּמ ָאה ֶ ֖א ֶלף ֵא‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ה־א ֶלף ָכּ ִ ֔רים‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�־מוֹאב ָה ָי֣ה נ ֵ ֹ֑קד וְ ֵה ִ ֤שׁיב ְל ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵמ ָא‬ ָ֖ ‫ישׁע ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֥ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ֵ 3:4

‫ישׁע‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ֵ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without (1 Chr 2:42); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

The second is in a list of words occurring once with a qameṣ (‫ישׁע‬ ָ ‫מ‬, ֵ 1 Chr 2:42), and once with a paṯaḥ (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §23, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §24. 3:4

‫נ ֵֹקד‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. 3:4

‫ֵא ִילים ָצ ֶמר‬

Unique and with a ‫( ר‬resh)

‫וריש‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written with a ‫ר‬, the Masorah appears to be trying to prevent the second part of the lemma (‫צ ֶמר‬,ָ wool) being mistakenly written with a ‫ד‬ (as ‫צ ֶמד‬,ָ pair/team). Both MC and MA just read here unique.

28

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 3:5 ‫�־מוֹאב ְבּ ֶ ֥מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ֖ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֖הי ְכּ ֣מוֹת ַא ְח ָ ֑אב וַ יִּ ְפ ַ ֥שׁע ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬

3:5

‫ְכּמוֹת‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Num 16:29; 2 Kgs 3:5; Qoh 3:19 ——————————

‫ ְכּמוֹת‬three times and plene, and their references Num 16:29 Qoh 3:19 2 Kgs 3:5

‫ומל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫כמות ̇ג‬

Mm

‫אם כמות כל האדם ימתון‬ ‫כמות זה כן מות זה‬ ‫ויהי כמות אחאב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written as ‫כּ ָמּוֶ ת‬.ַ

By noting in the Mm that the three occurrences of this lemma are all written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective.

2 KINGS 3:7 ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־מוֹאב ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ֖ ‫מוֹא ֙ב ָפּ ַ ֣שׁע ִ֔בּי ֲה ֵת ֵ ֥ל� ִא ִ ֛תּי ֶא‬ ָ �‫מר ֶ ֤מ ֶל‬ ֹ ֗ ‫הוּדה ֵלא‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫הוֹשׁ ֨ ָפט ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ֵ֡יּ ֶל� וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל ֩ח ֶאל־י‬ ‫סוּסי�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫סוּסי ְכּ‬ ֥ ַ ‫ֶא ֱﬠ ֔ ֶלה ָכּ ֧מוֹנִ י ָכ ֛מוֹ� ְכּ ַﬠ ִ ֥מּי ְכ ַﬠ ֶ ֖מּ� ְכּ‬ 3:7 Twice

‫סוּסי‬ ַ ‫ְכּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

1 Kgs 22:4; 2 Kgs 3:7

2 KINGS 3:8 ‫אמר ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� ִמ ְד ַ ֥בּר ֱא ֽדוֹם׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫י־ז֥ה ַה ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� נַ ֲﬠ ֶל֑ה וַ ֕יּ‬ ֶ ‫אמר ֵא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬ 3:8

‫ֵאי‬

Thirty-one times

‫̇ל ̇א‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 9:18.

Mp

2 KINGS

29

2 KINGS 3:9 ‫ֹא־ה ָ֨יה ַ ֧מיִ ם ַ ֽל ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֛ה וְ ַל ְבּ ֵה ָ ֖מה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ָ ‫וּמ ֶל� ֱא ֔דוֹם וַ יָּ ֕סֹבּוּ ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� ִשׁ ְב ַﬠ֣ת יָ ִ ֑מים וְ ל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוּד ֙ה‬ ָ ְ‫וּמ ֶלך־י‬ ֽ ֶ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶל�֩ ֶ֨מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ְבּ ַרגְ ֵל‬ 3:9

‫ֶדּ ֶר� ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת יָ ִמים‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Gen 31:23; 2 Kgs 3:9

——————————

‫ ֶדּ ֶר� ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת יָ ִמים‬twice, and their references

Gen 31:23 2 Kgs 3:9

‫דרך שבעת ימים ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫וידבק אתו בהר הגלעד‬ ‫וילך מלך ישראל >ומלך יהודה< ומלך אדום‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of �‫ ֶדּ ֶר‬with ‫ ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת יָ ִמים‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) with a similar phrase ‫�שׁת יָ ִמים‬ ֶ ‫�שׁת יָ ִמים( ְשׁ‬ ֶ ‫) ֶדּ ֶר� ְשׁ‬. 3:9

‫א־היָ ה‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Twenty-seven times

Com.: See Josh 8:20. 3:9

̇‫̇כז‬

Mp

‫וְ ַל ְבּ ֵה ָמה‬

‫ וְ ַל ְבּ ֵה ָמה‬three times Lev 7:26 2 Kgs 3:9 Isa 46:1

‫ולבהמה ̇ג‬

Mm

‫וכל דם לא תאכלו‬ ‫ולא היה )מהם( ]מים[ למחנה‬ ‫היו עצביהם לחיה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences written without a cj.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 203v, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the following folio 204r.

30

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 3:10 ‫ד־מוֹאב׃‬ ָֽ ַ‫אוֹתם ְבּי‬ ֖ ָ ‫הוה ִל ְשׁ ֨� ֶשׁ ֙ת ַה ְמּ ָל ִ ֣כים ָה ֵ֔א ֶלּה ָל ֵ ֥תת‬ ָ֗ ְ‫י־ק ָ ֣רא י‬ ָ ‫אמר ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֲא ָ֕ההּ ִ ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֖יּ‬

3:10

‫אוֹתם‬ ָ

Nine times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:25.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 KINGS 3:11 ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אוֹתוֹ ַו֠יַּ ַﬠן ֶא ָ֞חד ֵמ ַﬠ ְב ֵ ֤די ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ וַ ֔יּ‬ ֑ ‫הו֖ה ֵמ‬ ָ ְ‫יהוה וְ נִ ְד ְר ָ ֥שׁה ֶאת־י‬ ָ֔ ‫יא ַ ֽל‬ ֙ ‫הוֹשׁ ֗ ָפט ַה ֵ֨אין ֹ֤פּה נָ ִב‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ר־י ַ֥צק ַ ֖מיִ ם ַﬠל־יְ ֵ ֥די ֵא ִליָּ ֽהוּ׃‬ ָ ‫ן־שׁ ֔ ָפט ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫ישׁע ֶבּ‬ ֣ ָ ‫ֹ֚פּה ֱא ִל‬ 3:11

‫ֵמאוֹתוֹ‬

Six times plene in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

1–5 2 Kgs 1:15a (‫ ;)אוֹתוֹ‬1:15b (‫ ;)אוֹתוֹ‬3:11; 3:12 (‫ ;)אוֹתוֹ‬3:26 (‫)אוֹתוֹ‬ 6 2 Kgs 8:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of ‫ אוֹתוֹ‬that occur in the book written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (59x) in the book written defective first ‫ ֵמאֹתוֹ( ו‬/‫)אֹתוֹ‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)מאֹתוֹ‬, ֵ has a seventh occurrence of this lemma since it reads the form at 1 Kgs 22:7 plene first ‫ ;) ֵמאוֹתוֹ( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 117. However, the Mp headings here and at 2 Kgs 8:8 of six support the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

The Mp headings at 2 Kgs 1:15a, 3:12, and 3:26 read twenty-five, the total of occurrences in all the books; see Josh 16:6. 3:11

‫ָי ַ֥צק‬

Unique accented (milʿêl)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of the form ‫ ָי ַ֥צק‬accented milʿêl, to distinguish it from its two other occurrences accented milraʿ (at Lev 8:15 and 9:9); see also Frensdorff, Ochlah, §372.

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 3:12‬‬ ‫וּמ ֶל� ֱא ֽדוֹם׃‬ ‫יהוֹשׁ ָ ֖פט ֶ ֥‬ ‫ָ‬ ‫הו֑ה וַ יֵּ ְר ֣דוּ ֵא ֗ ָליו ֶ ֧מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל וִ‬ ‫אוֹתוֹ ְדּ ַבר־יְ ָ‬ ‫וֹשׁ ֔ ָפט ֵי֥שׁ ֖‬ ‫אמ ֙ר יְ ֣ה ָ‬ ‫וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫אוֹתוֹ‬

‫‪3:12‬‬

‫‪Twenty-five times plene‬‬

‫מל‬ ‫̇כ ̇ה ̇‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 16:6.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 3:13‬‬ ‫יאי ִא ֶ ֑מּ� וַ ֤יּ ֹא ֶמר ֙לוֹ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל‬ ‫יאי ָא ִ֔בי� וְ ֶאל־נְ ִב ֵ ֖‬ ‫ה־לּי וָ ֔ ָל� ֵ ֚ל� ֶאל־נְ ִב ֵ ֣‬ ‫ל־מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ַמ ִ ֣‬ ‫ישׁע ֶא ֶ ֤‬ ‫אמר ֱא ִל ָ֜‬ ‫וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫ד־מוֹאב׃‬ ‫ָֽ‬ ‫אוֹתם ְבּיַ‬ ‫י־ק ָ ֤רא יְ הוָ ֙ה ִל ְשׁ ֨� ֶשׁ ֙ת ַה ְמּ ָל ִ ֣כים ָה ֵ֔א ֶלּה ָל ֵ ֥תת ָ ֖‬ ‫ַ֗אל ִ ֽכּ ָ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫אוֹתם‬ ‫ָ‬

‫‪3:13‬‬

‫‪Nine times plene in the book‬‬

‫בסיפ‬ ‫̇‬ ‫מל‬ ‫̇ט ̇‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:25.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 3:14‬‬ ‫ם־א ִ ֥בּיט‬ ‫ֹשׂא ִא ַ‬ ‫הוּדה ֲא ִנ֣י נ ֵ ֑‬ ‫הוֹשׁ ָ ֥פט ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יְ ָ ֖‬ ‫לוּל֛י ְפּ ֵנ֛י יְ ָ‬ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ַ ֣מ ְד ִתּי ְל ָפ ֔ ָניו ִ֗כּי ֵ‬ ‫אוֹת ֲא ֶ ֣‬ ‫הו֤ה ְצ ָב ֙‬ ‫ישׁע ַחי־יְ ָ‬ ‫אמר ֱא ִל ָ֗‬ ‫וַ ֣יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫ם־א ְר ֶ ֽאךָּ ׃‬ ‫ֵא ֶל֖י� וְ ִא ֶ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫נ ֵֹשׂא‬ ‫̇ל ̇ח‬

‫‪3:14‬‬

‫‪Thirty-eight times‬‬

‫‪Com.: The enumeration given in the Mp heading here of thirty-eight is incorrect as there are‬‬ ‫‪thirty-nine occurrences of this lemma; see 1 Sam 16:21.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 3:15‬‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ‫חוּ־לי ְמנַ ֵגּ֑ ן וְ ָהיָ ֙ה ְכּנַ ֵגּ֣ ן ַ ֽה ְמנַ ֔ ֵגּן וַ ְתּ ִ ֥הי ָﬠ ָל֖יו יַ ד־יְ ָ‬ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ְק ִ ֣‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ְכּנַ גֵּ ן‬ ‫̇ל‬

‫‪3:15‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

32

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 3:16 ‫הו֑ה ָﬠ ֛שׂ ֹה ַה ַנּ ַ֥חל ַה ֶזּ֖ה גֵּ ִ ֥בים ׀ גֵּ ִ ֽבים׃‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ֖כֹּה ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬

3:16

‫ָﬠשׂ ֹה‬

Twenty-three times

Mp

‫̇כ ̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 25:28. 3:16

Unique

‫גֵּ ִבים ׀ גֵּ ִבים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring together only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §72.

2 KINGS 3:17 ‫וּמ ְקנֵ ֶיכ֖ם‬ ִ ‫יתם ַא ֶ ֥תּם‬ ֛ ֶ ‫וּשׁ ִת‬ ְ ‫א־ת ְר ֣אוּ ֔ ֶג ֶשׁם וְ ַה ַנּ ַ֥חל ַה ֖הוּא יִ ָ ֣מּ ֵלא ָ ֑מיִ ם‬ ִ ֹ ‫וּ� וְ ֽל‬ ֙ ַ ‫א־ת ְר ֥אוּ ֨ר‬ ִ ֹ ‫הוה ֽל‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ִ ֽכּי־ ֣כֹה ׀ ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ ‫וּֽ ְב ֶה ְמ ְתּ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ 3:17

‫ִכּי־כֹה ׀ ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬

Thirty unusual (occurrences)

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30

‫מיח‬ ̇ ̇‫̇כי‬

Mp

2 Kgs 3:17; 4:43; Isa 8:11; 18:4; 21:16 Isa 31:4; 45:18; 49:25; 52:3; 56:4 Isa 66:12; Jer 4:3; 4:27; 10:18; 16:3 Jer 16:5; 20:4; 22:6; 22:11; 24:8 Jer 29:10; 29:16; 30:5; 30:12; 31:7 Jer 32:42; 33:17; 48:40; 49:12; Amos 5:4

——————————

‫ ִכּי־כֹה ׀ ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬thirty unusual (occurrences)

1–5

2 Kgs 3:17 2 Kgs 4:43 Jer 4:3 Jer 4:27 Jer 10:18

‫לא תראו‬ [‫)אכול( ]אכל‬ ‫נירו לכם‬ ‫שממה תהיה‬ [‫הנני )קלע( ]קולע‬

‫מיחד‬ ̇ ̇‫כי כה אמר יהוה ̇כי‬

Mm

2 KINGS 6–10

11–15

16–20

21–25

26–30

Jer 16:3 Jer 16:5 Jer 20:4 Jer 22:6 Jer 22:11 Jer 24:8 Jer 29:10 Jer 29:16 Jer 30:5 Jer 30:12 Jer 31:7 Jer 32:42 Jer 33:17 Jer 48:40 Jer 49:12 Isa 8:11 Isa 18:4 Isa 21:16 Isa 31:4 Isa 45:18 Isa 49:25 Isa 52:3 Isa 56:4 Isa 66:12 Amos 5:4

33

‫על הבנים‬ ‫)בת( ]בית[ מרזח ואל‬ ‫הנני נתנך‬ ‫גלעד אתה‬ [‫המלך )תחתו( ]תחת‬ [‫)כתאנים( ]וכתאנים‬ ‫מלאת לבבל‬ ‫אל המלך היושב‬ ‫קול חרדה‬ ‫אנוש לשברך‬ ‫רנו ליעקב‬ ‫כאשר הבאתי‬ [‫כסא‬...‫)כסא יכרת( ]יכרת‬ ‫הנה כנשר‬ ‫משפטם‬ ‫)בחזקת( ]כחזקת[ היד‬ ‫אשקוטה ואביטה‬ ‫בעוד שנה‬ ‫כאשר יהגה‬ ‫בורא‬ ‫גם שבי גבור‬ ‫נמכרתם‬ ‫לסריסים‬ [‫הנני )נוטה( ]נטה‬ ‫דרשוני‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirty occurrences of the phrase ‫ ִכּי־כֹה ׀ ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬, which is considered to be unusual because it differs from similar phrases that occur where the Tetragrammaton is followed by ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֱ ‫צ ָבאוֹת‬,ְ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬or ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ְצ ָבאוֹת ֱא‬. The Mp heading at Jer 29:10 reads six times with these accents in the book and refers to the six occurrences of this phrase in Jeremiah with the accents pašṭâ, mûnaḥ, zaqeṕ (‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫) ִכּי־כ ֹ֙ה ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ in 4:27, 10:18, 29:10, 30:5, 32:42, and 48:40. It is noteworthy that in the Mm list, all the Jeremiah references precede those of Isaiah.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫ ִכּי־כֹה‬and one on ‫א ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬. ָ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

34

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

3:17

‫א־ת ְראוּ‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 3:17; Jer 42:18

—————————— ‫א־ת ְראוּ‬ ִ ֹ ‫ וְ ל‬twice

2 Kgs 3:17 Jer 42:18

Mm

‫ולא תראו ̇ב‬ ‫כי כה אמר יהוה‬ ‫את המקום‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its six occurrences written without a cj. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the top left of the preceding folio 203v. 3:17

‫יִ ָמּ ֵלא‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

1–5 2 Sam 23:7; 2 Kgs 3:17; Isa 6:4; Jer 13:12a; 13:12b 6–8 Pss 71:8; 126:2; Prov 20:17

—————————— ‫ יִ ָמּ ֵלא‬eight times

1–5

6–8

‫ימלא ̇ח‬

2 Sam 23:7 2 Kgs 3:17 Isa 6:4 Jer 13:12a Twice in it (Jer 13:12b) Ps 71:8 Ps 126:2 Prov 20:17

Mm ‫ואיש יגע בהם‬ ‫והנחל ההוא‬ ‫וינעו אמות הספים‬ ‫כל נבל ימלא‬ ‫̇ב בו‬ ‫ימלא פי תהלתך‬ [‫אז ימלא שחוק )פיך( ]פינו‬ ‫ערב לאיש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its six occurrences in the piel (‫ ;)יְ ַמ ֵלּא‬see 1 Kgs 13:33.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom right of the preceding folio 203v.

2 KINGS

35

2 KINGS 3:18 ‫ת־מוֹאב ְבּיֶ ְד ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ָ֖ ‫הו֑ה וְ נָ ַ ֥תן ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וְ נָ ַ ֥ קל ֖ז ֹאת ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 3:18

‫וְ נָ ַקל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Prov 14:6.

2 KINGS 3:19 ‫טּוֹבה‬ ָ֔ ‫תּמוּ וְ כֹל֙ ַה ֶח ְל ָ ֣ קה ַה‬ ֹ ֑ ‫י־מיִ ם ִתּ ְס‬ ֖ ַ ֵ‫ל־מ ְﬠיְ נ‬ ַ ‫טוֹב ַתּ ֔ ִפּילוּ וְ ָכ‬ ֙ ‫ל־ﬠץ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ל־ﬠיר ִמ ְב ֔חוֹר וְ ָכ‬ ֣ ִ ‫ל־ﬠיר ִמ ְב ָצ ֙ר וְ ָכ‬ ֤ ִ ‫יתם ָכּ‬ ֶ֞ ‫וְ ִה ִכּ‬ ‫ַתּ ְכ ִ ֖אבוּ ָבּ ֲא ָב ִ ֽנים׃‬ 3:19

‫ִמ ְבחוֹר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 3:19; 19:23

—————————— ‫ ִמ ְבחוֹר‬twice and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫מבחור ̇ב‬

2 Kgs 3:19 ‫ ְבּר ָֹשׁיו‬of Kings (2 Kgs 19:23)

Mm

‫וכל עיר‬ ‫)ברושיו( ]ברשיו[ דמלכים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ḥolem, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written with a paṯaḥ (‫)מ ְב ַחר‬. ִ

This distinction is implied in the addition in the Mm of Kings to the catchword ‫ ְבּר ָֹשׁיו‬of 2 Kgs 19:23, to distinguish that reference from its parallel in Isa 37:24, where the lemma appears as ‫מ ְב ַחר‬. ִ

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of doublets that begin with the letter ‫( מ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §69, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §70).

36

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The other is in a list of words that appear in one form in a particular book of the Bible and in another form in another book. Here ‫ ִמ ְבחוֹר‬is the form that occurs in Kings, whereas ‫ ִמ ְב ַחר‬is the form that occurs in Isaiah; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §272 and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §113.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom left of the preceding folio 203v. 3:19

‫ל־ﬠץ‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

1–5 2 Kgs 3:19; 3:25; Isa 44:23; Ezek 20:28; 21:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (20x) written without a cj. 3:19

Unique

‫י־מיִ ם‬ ַ ֵ‫ַמ ְﬠיְ נ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ַמ ְﬠיְ נֵ י‬with ‫מיִ ם‬, ַ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ ) ַמ ְﬠיְ נֵ י ַה ַמּיִ ם( ַה ַמּיִ ם‬at 1 Kgs 18:5. 3:19

Unique

‫ִתּ ְסתֹּמוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the 2nd pers. pl., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the 3rd pers. pl. (‫ )יִ ְסתֹּמוּ‬in v. 25.

2 KINGS 3:20 ‫ת־ה ָ ֽמּיִ ם׃‬ ַ ‫ה־מיִ ם ָבּ ִ ֖אים ִמ ֶדּ ֶ֣ר� ֱא ֑דוֹם וַ ִתּ ָמּ ֵ ֥לא ָה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ֶא‬ ֥ ַ ֵ‫וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ַב ֨בֹּ ֶק ֙ר ַכּ ֲﬠל֣ וֹת ַה ִמּנְ ָ֔חה וְ ִהנּ‬ 3:20 Unique

‫ל־מוֹאב‬ ָ ‫וְ ָכ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

37

2 KINGS 3:21 ‫ל־הגְּ ֽבוּל׃‬ ַ ‫י־ﬠל֥ וּ ַה ְמּ ָל ִ ֖כים ְל ִה ָלּ ֶ֣חם ָ ֑בּם וַ יִּ ָצּ ֲﬠ ֗קוּ ִמ ֨כֹּל ח ֵֹג֤ר ֲחג ָֹר ֙ה וָ ַ֔מ ְﬠ ָלה וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְמ ֖דוּ ַ ֽﬠ‬ ָ ‫ל־מוֹא ֙ב ָ ֽשׁ ְמ ֔עוּ ִ ֽכּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ָכ‬ 3:21

‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֲﬠקוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Judg 10:17. 3:21

‫חֹגֵ ר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:11.

2 KINGS 3:22 ‫ת־ה ַ ֖מּיִ ם ֲא ֻד ִ ֥מּים ַכּ ָ ֽדּם׃‬ ַ ‫מוֹאב ִמ ֶנּ֛ גֶ ד ֶא‬ ֥ ָ ‫ל־ה ָ ֑מּיִ ם וַ יִּ ְר ֨אוּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֣כּימוּ ַב ֔בֹּ ֶקר וְ ַה ֶ ֖שּׁ ֶמשׁ זָ ְר ָ ֣חה ַﬠ‬ 3:22

‫וְ ַה ֶשּׁ ֶמשׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

3:22

‫זָ ְר ָחה‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Sam 2:24. Four times, and their references Exod 22:2 2 Kgs 3:22 2 Chr 26:19 Nah 3:17

‫זרחה ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫השמש‬ ‫והשמש‬ ‫והצרעת‬ [‫)השמש( ]שמש‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ ו‬cj. (see above), and once with a cj. (Mal 3:20); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the top left of the preceding folio 203v.

38 3:22

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ל־ה ָמּיִ ם‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Four times, and similarly all Psalms

‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫̇ד וכל תלים‬

Exod 7:17 (‫;)ה ַמּיִ ם‬ ַ 15:27; Lev 14:6 (‫;)ה ַמּיִ ם‬ ַ 2 Kgs 3:22

Mp

——————————

‫ל־ה ָמּיִ ם‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬four times, and their references Exod 7:17 Exod 15:27 Lev 14:6 2 Kgs 3:22

‫על המים ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫מכה‬ [‫)אלימה( ]אילמה‬ ‫הצפר‬ ‫זרחה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences, apart from Psalms, of this lemma with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its five occurrences with ‫ ַה ָמּיִ ם( ֶאל‬/‫ל־ה ַמּים‬ ַ ‫) ֶא‬.

In ML a ‫ ד‬has been superimposed over an original ‫ל‬, with the upper part of the ‫ ל‬still visible. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom left of the preceding folio 203v. 3:22

Unique

‫ֲא ֻד ִמּים ַכּ ָדּם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The second part of this lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once beginning with ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19.

2 KINGS 3:23 ‫מוֹאב׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־ר ֵﬠ֑הוּ וְ ַﬠ ָ ֥תּה ַל ָשּׁ ָל֖ל‬ ֵ ‫בוּ ַה ְמּ ָל ִ֔כים וַ יַּ ֖כּוּ ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫רוּ ָ ֣דּם ֶ֔זה ָה ֳח ֵ ֤רב ֶנ ֶֽח ְר‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֽיּ‬ 3:23 Unique

‫ַל ָשּׁ ָלל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once beginning with a ‫ ל‬and vowel; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §26, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §27.

2 KINGS

39

2 KINGS 3:24 ‫ת־מוֹאב׃‬ ָֽ ‫בּוּ־בהּ וְ ַה ֖כּוֹת ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫יהם וַ ַ֨יּ‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫ת־מוֹאב וַ יָּ ֻנ֖סוּ ִמ ְפּנ‬ ָ֔ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֒ וַ יָּ ֻ ֤ קמוּ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ וַ יַּ ֣כּוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ֹאוּ ֶא‬ ֮ ‫וַ יָּ ב‬ 3:24

Read ‫וַ יַּ כּוּ‬

‫וַ יַּ בּוּ‬

Mp

‫ויכו ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ויבו‬, and the qərê (‫ )וַ יַּ כּוּ‬are examples of cases where both the kəṯîḇ and the qərê are unsatisfactory; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 155.

The kəṯîḇ ‫ ויבו‬is unintelligible unless it stands for ‫וַ יָּ בֹאוּ‬, they came, as occurs early in the verse. The more likely reading is the qərê, which reads ‫וַ יַּ כּוּ‬, they smote, a form that also occurs earlier in the verse.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ ב‬read as a ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §149, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §137.

2 KINGS 3:25 ‫ץ־טוֹב יַ ֔ ִפּילוּ‬ ֣ ‫ל־ﬠ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫מוּ וְ ָכ‬ ֙ ‫תּ‬ ֹ ֨ ‫ן־מיִ ם יִ ְס‬ ֤ ַ ַ‫ל־מ ְﬠי‬ ַ ‫וּה וְ ָכ‬ ָ ‫וּמ ְל ֗א‬ ִ ‫ישׁ־א ְבנ֜ וֹ‬ ַ ‫וֹבה יַ ְשׁ ֨ ִליכוּ ִא‬ ָ ‫ל־ח ְל ָ ֣ קה ֠ט‬ ֶ ‫וְ ֶה ָﬠ ִ ֣רים יַ ֲה ֡ר ֹסוּ וְ ָכ‬ ‫וּה׃‬ ָ ‫֛יה ַבּ ִ ֖קּיר ֲח ָ ֑ר ֶשׂת וַ יָּ ֥סֹבּוּ ַה ַקּ ָלּ ִ ֖ﬠים וַ יַּ ֽכּ‬ ָ ‫ד־ה ְשׁ ִ ֧איר ֲא ָב ֶנ‬ ִ ‫ַﬠ‬ 3:25 Unique

‫טוֹבה‬ ָ ‫ֶח ְל ָקה‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma (fertile plot), to distinguish it from its sole occurrence as a def. ‫טּוֹבה‬ ָ ‫( ַה ֶח ְל ָקה ַה‬the fertile plot) in v. 19. 3:25

‫ַמ ְﬠיַ ן‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 15:9. 3:25

Unique

‫יִ ְסתֹּמוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the 3rd pers. plur., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the 2nd pers. plur. (‫)תּ ְסתֹּמוּ‬ ִ in v. 19.

40 3:25

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ל־ﬠץ‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 3:19. 3:25

‫ֲח ָר ֶשׂת‬

Unique with qameṣ

‫֗ ָל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a səḡôl (‫)ח ֶר ֶשׂת‬ ֲ at Isa 16:7. 3:25

Unique

‫ַה ַקּ ָלּ ִﬠים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 3:26 ‫ל־מ ֶל� ֱא ֖דוֹם‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ע־מ ֨אוֹת ִ֜אישׁ ֣שׁ ֹ ֵ ֽלף ֶ֗ח ֶרב ְל ַה ְב ִ ֛ ק ַי� ֶא‬ ֵ ‫י־ח ַז֥ק ִמ ֶ ֖מּנּוּ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ֠אוֹתוֹ ְשׁ ַב‬ ָ ‫מוֹאב ִ ֽכּ‬ ָ֔ �‫וַ יַּ ְר ֙א ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ‫וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ֽכֹלוּ׃‬ 3:26 Five times

‫ָחזַ ק‬ ‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 1:28. 3:26

Mp

‫אוֹתוֹ‬

Twenty-five times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 16:6. 3:26

Three times

‫וְ לֹא יָ כֹלוּ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 8:14; 2 Kgs 3:26; Jonah 1:13 ——————————

Mp

2 KINGS ‫ לֹא יָ כֹלוּ‬three times, and their references Exod 8:14 2 Kgs 3:26 Jonah 1:13

‫ולא יכלו ̇ג וסימנהון‬

41 Mm

‫ויעשו כן החרטמים‬ ‫להבקיע‬ ‫ויחתרו האנשים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ḥolem on the ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (20x) written with a šəwâ (‫)יָ ְכלוּ‬.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom right of the preceding folio 203v.

2 KINGS 3:27 ‫עוּ ֵ ֽמ ָﬠ ֔ ָליו‬ ֙ ‫ל־הח ָֹ֔מה וַ יְ ִ ֥הי ֶק ֶצף־גָּ ֖דוֹל ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יִּ ְס‬ ֣ ַ ‫ת־בּנ֨ וֹ ַה ְבּ ֜כוֹר ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ְמ�֣ � ַתּ ְח ָ֗תּיו וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵל֤הוּ ע ָֹל ֙ה ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ַקּ ֩ח ֶא‬ ‫וַ יָּ ֻ ֖שׁבוּ ָל ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃ פ‬ 3:27

‫ַהח ָֹמה‬

Six times defective

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

1–5 2 Kgs 3:27; 6:26; 6:30; 18:26; 18:27 6 2 Kgs 25:4 (‫)החֹמ ַֹתיִ ם‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms written in the book defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the book written plene ‫ו‬ (‫חוֹמה‬ ָ in 1 Kgs 4:13, and ‫חוֹמה‬ ָ ‫ ַה‬in 1 Kgs 20:30).

2 KINGS 4:1 ‫ישׁי ֵ֔מת וְ ַא ָ ֣תּה יָ ַ ֔ד ְﬠ ָתּ ִ ֣כּי ַﬠ ְב ְדּ ֔� ָה ָי֥ה‬ ֙ ִ ‫מר ַﬠ ְב ְדּ�֤ ִא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ישׁע ֵלא‬ ָ֜ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫יאים ָצ ֲﬠ ָ ֨קה ֶא‬ ִ ‫ֽי־הנְּ ִב‬ ַ ֠ ‫שׁי ְב ֵנ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫וְ ִא ָ ֣שּׁה ַא ַ ֣חת ִמנּ‬ ‫ת־שׁ ֵנ֧י יְ ָל ַ ֛די ל֖ וֹ ַל ֲﬠ ָב ִ ֽדים׃‬ ְ ‫הו֑ה וְ ַ֨הנּ ֶֹ֔שׁה ָ֗בּא ָל ַ ֜ק ַחת ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫יָ ֵ ֖רא ֶאת־י‬ 4:1

‫וְ ִא ָשּׁה‬

Twenty-two times

Mp

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 27:11. 4:1

‫ישׁי‬ ִ ‫ִא‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

1–5 Gen 29:32; 29:34; 30:15; 30:20; 2 Sam 14:5 6–8 2 Kgs 4:1; Hos 2:9; 2:18

42

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma without a prep., to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a prep. (‫ישׁי‬ ִ ‫)ל ִא‬ ְ at Gen 30:18 and 2 Sam 14:7. This distinction is implied in the additional notation to the Mm at 2 Sam 14:5 of and twice ‫ישׁי‬ ִ ‫ל ִא‬.ְ 4:1

‫וְ ַהנּ ֶֹשׁה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 4:2 ‫אמר ֵ ֣אין ְל ִשׁ ְפ ָח ְת�֥ כֹל֙ ַבּ ַ֔בּיִ ת ִ ֖כּי ִאם־‬ ֶ ֹ ‫שׁ־ל ְ֖כי ַבּ ָ ֑בּיִ ת וַ ֗תּ‬ ָ ֶ‫֣ידי ֔ ִלי ַמה־יּ‬ ִ ‫ה־לּ� ַה ִגּ‬ ָ ֔ ‫ישׁ ֙ע ָ ֣מה ֶ ֽא ֱﬠ ֶשׂ‬ ָ ‫֤יה ֱא ִל‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ָא ֥סוּ� ָ ֽשׁ ֶמן׃‬ 4:2

Read �‫ָל‬

‫ָל ְכי‬ ‫לך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )לכי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. sfx. ‫ל ִכי‬,ָ whereas the qərê (�‫)ל‬ ָ represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 103.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ י‬at the end of a word that is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 4:2

�‫ָאסוּ‬

Unique and plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל ו‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective.

2 KINGS 4:3 ‫יטי׃‬ ִ ‫ל־תּ ְמ ִ ֽﬠ‬ ַ ‫ל־שׁ ֵכ ָנ ִ֑כי ֵכּ ִ ֥לים ֵר ִ ֖ קים ַא‬ ְ ‫ן־ה ֔חוּץ ֵמ ֵ ֖את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫ים ִמ‬ ֙ ‫י־ל֤� ֵכּ ִל‬ ָ ‫אמר ְל ִ֨כי ַשׁ ֲא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ 4:3

‫ְשׁ ֵכנָ ִכי‬

Read � ִ‫ְשׁ ֵכנָ י‬

‫שכניך קר‬

Mp

2 KINGS

43

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )שכנכי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. sfx. ‫שׁ ֵכנָ יְ ִכי‬, ְ whereas the qərê (� ִ‫)שׁ ֵכנָ י‬ ְ represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 103.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ י‬at the end of a word that is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111.

2 KINGS 4:4 ‫יﬠי׃‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֵכּ ִ ֖לים ָה ֵ ֑א ֶלּה וְ ַה ָמּ ֵל֖א ַתּ ִ ֽסּ‬ ַ ‫ד־בּ ֔ ַניִ � וְ יָ ַ֕צ ְק ְתּ ַ ֥ﬠל ָכּ‬ ָ ‫וּב ַﬠ‬ ְ �֣‫וּבאת וְ ָס ַג ְ֤ ר ְתּ ַה ֶ ֨דּ ֶל ֙ת ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵד‬ ָ֗ 4:4

‫וּבאת‬ ָ

‫וּבאת‬ ָ five times

1–5

2 Sam 14:3 1 Kgs 14:3 2 Kgs 4:4 Mic 4:10 Ruth 3:4

Mm

‫ובאת ̇ה‬

‫אל המלך‬ ‫עשרה לחם‬ ‫וסגרת‬ ‫עד בבל‬ ‫וגלית‬

And once (‫)וּבת‬: ָ Dan 6:19

‫וא ובת טות‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written without a vowel under the ‫( ת‬2nd pers. fem.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) written with a qameṣ (‫את‬ ָ ‫וּב‬, ָ 2nd pers masc.). The Masorah also notes the occurrence of this lemma without a medial ‫ א‬at Dan 6:19. This form, however, is derived from an Aramaic verb ‫ בּוּת‬to spend the night, whereas the other forms in the list are derived from the Hebrew verb ‫ בּוֹא‬to come. 4:4

� ִ‫ָבּנַ י‬

Eighteen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–18

‫י̇ ̇ח‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:4; 4:7 (� ִ‫וּבנַ י‬, ָ qərê); Isa 49:17; 49:22; 49:25 Isa 51:20; 54:13a; 54:13b; 60:4; 60:9 Isa 62:5; Jer 5:7; Ezek 16:20; 16:36; 23:25 Zech 9:13a; 9:13b; Ps 147:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the eighteen occurrences of this lemma with a fem. sfx., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) with a masc. sfx. (�‫וּבנֶ י‬ ָ /�‫) ָבּנֶ י‬.

44 4:4

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ יָ ַצ ְק ְתּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the fem., to distinguish it from its five occurrences in the masc. (‫)וְ יָ ַצ ְק ָתּ‬. 4:4

‫וְ ַה ָמּ ֵלא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a prefixed ְ‫ו‬, and once with a prefixed ‫ ;וְ ַה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §9, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §9. 4:4

‫יﬠי‬ ִ ‫ַתּ ִסּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the fem., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the masc. (�‫)תּ ִסּ ַי‬ ַ at Ps 80:9.

2 KINGS 4:5 ‫ֹיצ ֶקת׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫֖יה וְ ִ ֥היא מ‬ ָ ‫֑יה ֵ ֛הם ַמגִּ ִ ֥שׁים ֵא ֶל‬ ָ ‫וּב ַ ֣ﬠד ָבּ ֶנ‬ ְ ‫וַ ֵ֨תּ ֶל ֙� ֵ ֽמ ִא ֔תּוֹ וַ ִתּ ְס ֹ֣גּר ַה ֶ ֔דּ ֶלת ַבּ ֲﬠ ָ ֖דהּ‬ 4:5

‫ַמגִּ ִשׁים‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

1 Kgs 5:1; 2 Kgs 4:5 (‫ישׁים‬ ִ ִ‫;*)מגּ‬ ַ Mal 1:7 (‫ישׁים‬ ִ ִ‫)מגּ‬ ַ ——————————

‫ מגַּ ִשׁים‬three times, twice defective and once plene 1 Kgs 5:1 2 Kgs 4:5 Mal 1:7

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וא‬ ̇ ‫)מגישים( ]מגשים[ ̇ג ̇ב חסירין‬

‫מנחה‬ ‫הם )מגישים( ]מגשים[ אליה‬ ‫על מזבחי‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene first ‫( י‬here and Mal 1:7), and once written defective first ‫( י‬1 Kgs 5:1). This is expressly stated in the Mm heading of Mal 1:7, and in the Mm of MC at 1 Kgs 5:1, which read twice plene, and once defective.

2 KINGS

45

*ML, contrary to M (‫ישׁים‬ ִ ִ‫)מגּ‬, ַ reads the form here defective first ‫;)מגִּ ִשׁים( י‬ ַ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 120.

The heading of the Mm here is contrary to that of the heading of the Mm of Mal 1:7, and to that of the Mm of MC at 1 Kgs 5:1. The Mm here reads twice defective and once plene, whereas the others read twice plene, and once defective. MA reads here ‫ישׁים‬ ִ ִ‫מגּ‬, ַ whereas MC, as ML, reads ‫מגִּ ִשׁים‬. ַ Both have Mp notes that read three times. 4:5

‫ֹיצ ֶקת‬ ָ ‫מ‬

Read ‫מוֹצ ֶקת‬ ֶ

‫מוצקת קרי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )מיצקת‬and qərê (‫)מוֹצ ֶקת‬ ֶ represent examples of interchanges between original initial ‫ ו‬and initial ‫ י‬verbs; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 130.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ י‬in the middle of word that is read as a ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Num 1:16 sub ‫קריאי‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §80, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §71.

2 KINGS 4:6 ‫מד ַה ָ ֽשּׁ ֶמן׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫יה ֵ ֥אין ֖ﬠוֹד ֶ ֑כּ ִלי ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫עוֹד ֶ֔כּ ִלי וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ‫ישׁה ֵא ַ ֥לי‬ ָ ‫ל־בּנָ ֙הּ ַה ֨ ִגּ‬ ְ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ׀ ִכּ ְמ ֣ל ֹאת ַה ֵכּ ֗ ִלים וַ ֤תּ‬ 4:6

‫ִכּ ְמלֹאת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:6; Jer 25:12 (‫;)כּ ְמלֹאות‬ ִ Ezek 5:2 ——————————

‫ ִכּ ְמלֹאת‬three times, twice defective and once plene, and their references 2 Kgs 4:6 Jer 25:12 Ezek 5:2

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫כמלאת ̇ג ̇ב חסירין וחד‬

Mm

‫הכלים‬ ‫שבעים שנה‬ ‫ימי המצור‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written defective ‫( ו‬2 Kgs 4:6 and Ezek 5:2), and once written plene ‫( ו‬Jer 25:12). This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 204v, but the Mm note appears on the top left of the preceding folio 204r.

46

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:7

‫נּוֹתר׃ פ‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־ה ֶ֔שּׁ ֶמן וְ ַשׁ ְלּ ִ ֖מי ֶאת־נִ ְשׁ ֵי ְ֑כי וְ ַ ֣א ְתּ ֻ◌ ָב ֔ ַניִ ְכי ִ ֽת ְחיִ ֖י ַבּ‬ ַ ‫אמר ְל ִ ֙כי ִמ ְכ ִ ֣רי ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�הים וַ ֗יּ‬ ִ֔ ‫וַ ָתּ ֗ב ֹא וַ ַתּגֵּ ֙ד ְל ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ 4:7

‫ִמ ְכ ִרי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:7; 1 Chr 9:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma but does not distinguish between its different meanings. Here the form is a fem. imper. sg. sell!, whereas in 1 Chr 9:8 it is a person’s name Michri. 4:7

‫נִ ְשׁיֵ ְכי‬

Read � ֵ‫נִ ְשׁי‬

‫נשיך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )נשיכי‬represents the older second pers. fem. sg. sfx. ‫נִ ְשׁיֵ ִכי‬, whereas the qərê (� ֵ‫ )נִ ְשׁי‬represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 103. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111. 4:7

‫ֻ◌ ָבנַ יִ ְכי‬

Read � ִ‫וּבנַ י‬ ָ

‫ובניך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )בניכי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. sfx. ‫בּנַ יְ ִכי‬,ָ whereas the qərê (� ִ‫)וּבנַ י‬ ָ represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 103. The kəṯîḇ (‫ )בניכי‬and qərê (� ִ‫)וּבנַ י‬ ָ also represent examples where a ‫ ו‬at the beginning of a word is not written yet it is read; see ibid, 144. This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127.

The other is in a list of words where a ‫ ו‬cj. is missing in the writing at the beginning of a word but is read; see the Mm at Dan 2:43 sub ‫דּי‬,ִ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §117, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §103.

2 KINGS

47

2 KINGS 4:8 ‫ל־ל ֶ֑חם ַוֽ יְ ִה֙י ִמ ֵדּ֣י ָﬠ ְב ֔רוֹ יָ ֻ ֥סר ָ ֖שׁ ָמּה‬ ָ ‫ק־בּוֹ ֶל ֱא ָכ‬ ֖ ֶ‫דוֹלה וַ ַתּ ֲחז‬ ָ ֔ ְ‫ל־שׁוּנם וְ ָשׁ ֙ם ִא ָ ֣שּׁה ג‬ ֵ֗ ‫ישׁע ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ֨הי ַהיּ֜ וֹם וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֧בֹר ֱא ִל‬ ‫ל־ל ֶחם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ֶל ֱא ָכ‬ 4:8

‫ִמ ֵדּי ָﬠ ְברוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:8; Isa 28:19

——————————

‫ ִמ ֵדּי ָﬠ ְברוֹ‬twice, and their references 2 Kgs 4:8 Isa 28:19 4:8

‫מדי עברו ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫)והיה( ]ויהי[ מדי עברו‬ ‫מדי עברו יקח‬

‫יָ ֻסר‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:8; Prov 9:4; 9:16

——————————

‫ יָ ֻסר‬three times defective, and their references

2 Kgs 4:8 Prov 9:4

‫יסר ̇ג חסירין וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫)והיה( ]ויהי[ מדי עברו‬ ‫מי )פתו( ]פתי[ יסר הנה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) written plene ‫)יָ סוּר( ו‬.

2 KINGS 4:9 ‫�הים ָק ֣דוֹשׁ ֑הוּא ע ֵ ֹ֥בר ָﬠ ֵל֖ינוּ ָתּ ִ ֽמיד׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫ה־נ֣א יָ ַ ֔ד ְﬠ ִתּי ִ ֛כּי ִ ֥אישׁ ֱא‬ ָ ֵ‫ישׁהּ ִהנּ‬ ָ֔ ‫ל־א‬ ִ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨תּ‬ 4:9

‫ישׁהּ‬ ָ ‫ִא‬

Twenty-one times

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Com.: See Judg 19:3.

Mp

48

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:10 ‫נוֹרה וְ ָה ָי֛ה ְבּב ֹ֥אוֹ ֵא ֵל֖ינוּ יָ ֥סוּר ָ ֽשׁ ָמּה׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ְ ‫יר ְק ַט ֔ ָנּה וְ נָ ִ֨שׂים ל֥ וֹ ָ ֛שׁם ִמ ָ ֥טּה וְ ֻשׁ ְל ָ ֖חן וְ ִכ ֵ ֣סּא‬ ֙ ‫ת־ק‬ ִ ַ‫ה־נּ֤א ֲﬠ ִליּ‬ ָ ‫ַנ ֲֽﬠ ֶשׂ‬

4:10

‫ָשׁם‬

Five verses containing the sequence ‫ ָשׁ ָמּה‬...‫ָשׁם‬

‫פסוק שם שמה‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

1–5 Deut 12:5; 12:11; 2 Kgs 4:10; Jer 22:27; Ezek 1:20 6 Ezek 47:9

Mp

——————————

Six verses containing the sequence ‫ ָשׁ ָמּה‬...‫ ָשׁם‬, and their references 1–5

6

Deut 12:5 Deut 12:11 2 Kgs 4:10 Jer 22:27 Ezek 1:20

‫ו̇ פסוקין אית בהון שם שמה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫כי אם אל המקום אשר‬ ‫)יהיה( ]והיה[ המקום אשר יבחר‬ ‫נעשה נא עלית קיר‬ ‫ועל הארץ אשר הם מנשאים‬ ‫על אשר‬

Com.: The Mp heading here incorrectly reads five, similarly the Mp heading at Ezek 1:20 incorrectly reads seven. The correct number six for the sequence ‫שׁ ָמּה‬...‫ם‬ ָ ‫ ָשׁ‬is given in the heading to the Mm here, at Ezek. 1:20, and Frensdorff, Ochlah, §336. However, both the Mm at Ezek 1:20 and Ochlah list 2 Kgs 4:8, which has a slightly different sequence of ‫שׁ ָמּה‬...‫ם‬ ָ ‫וְ ָשׁ‬, as the sixth reference. In ML the circellus for this note has been attached to the first word in the verse ‫נַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה‬.

4:10

‫ָשׁ ָמּה‬

Eighteen times at the end of a verse

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–18

‫סופ פסוק‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ח‬

Gen 23:13; 24:6; 24:8; 39:1; 43:30 Num 15:18; 17:19; 35:26; Josh 2:1; 1 Sam 22:1 2 Kgs 4:10; 4:11; Isa 65:9; Ezek 29:13; 36:21 Ezek 40:1; 48:35; Qoh 9:10

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the eighteen occurrences at the end of a verse of ‫שׁ ָמּה‬, ָ to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (80x) at the end of a verse of its parallel form ‫שׁם‬. ָ

2 KINGS

49

This enumeration does not include the nine occurrences of this lemma in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy; see Breuer, Masora Magna, 309. The Mp heading at Ezek 29:13 mistakenly reads fifteen, whereas its Mm only lists the four occurrences of this lemma in the book of Ezekiel.

2 KINGS 4:13 ‫ר־ל ֙� ֶאל־‬ ָ ‫ת ֶ ֚מה ַל ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ֔ ָל� ֲה ֵי֤שׁ ְל ַד ֶבּ‬ ֒ ‫ל־ה ֲח ָר ָ ֣דה ַהזֹּא‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ינוּ ֶא‬ ֮ ‫יה ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָח ַ ֣ר ְד ְתּ ׀ ֵא ֵל‬ ֮ ָ ‫ר־נ֣א ֵא ֶל‬ ָ ‫אמר ֗לוֹ ֱא ָמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫אמר ְבּ ֥תוֹ� ַﬠ ִ ֖מּי ָאנ ִ ֹ֥כי י ָ ֹֽשׁ ֶבת׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־שׂר ַה ָצּ ָ ֑בא וַ ֕תּ‬ ֣ ַ ‫ַה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� ֖אוֹ ֶא‬ 4:13

‫ָח ַר ְד ְתּ‬

Unique 4:13

‫̇ל‬

‫ֲהיֵ שׁ ְל ַד ֶבּר‬

Unique 4:13

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫י ָֹשׁ ֶבת‬

‫ י ָֹשׁ ֶבת‬twice, once defective and once plene

Josh 2:15 2 Kgs 4:13

(‫)יוֹשׁ ֶבת‬ ָ (‫)י ָֹשׁ ֶבת‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וא‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫ישבת ̇ב חד‬

Mm

‫)ובחוסה( ]ובחומה[ היא‬ ‫בתוך עמי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬Josh 2:15), and one written defective ‫( ו‬here).

The Mp heading at Josh 2:15, reads twice with qameṣ (‫)ב‬ ָ֗ to distinguish these forms from the more numerous occurrences (23x) of the non-pausal form of this lemma written with a səḡôl under the ‫)יוֹשׁ ֶבת( שׁ‬. ֶ

2 KINGS 4:15 ‫מד ַבּ ָ ֽפּ ַתח׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫א־להּ ַו ַֽתּ ֲﬠ‬ ָ ֔ ‫א־ל֑הּ וַ יִּ ְק ָר‬ ָ ‫אמר ְק ָר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֖יּ‬ 4:15

‫ַבּ ָפּ ַתח‬

Unique with qameṣ

‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with qameṣ, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with səḡôl (‫)ב ֶפּ ַתח‬ ַ at 1 Kgs 14:6.

50

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:16 ‫ל־תּ ַכ ֵזּ֖ב ְבּ ִשׁ ְפ ָח ֶ ֽת�׃‬ ְ ‫�הים ַא‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־אד ֹנִ ֙י ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֲ ‫אמר ַא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫מּוֹﬠד ַהזֶּ ֙ה ָכּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַח ָ֔יּה ַ ֖א ְתּי ח ֶֹב ֶ֣קת ֵבּ֑ן וַ ֗תּ‬ ֤ ֵ ‫אמר ַל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬

4:16

Read ‫אַתּ‬ ְ

‫אַתּי‬ ְ

Mp

‫את ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )אתי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. form of the pron. ‫אַתּי‬, ִ whereas the qərê (‫)אַתּ‬ ְ represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 102. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111.

This lemma is one of seven occurrences where ‫אתי‬, with and without ‫ ו‬cj., is written but ‫אַתּ‬ ְ is read; see the Mm to 2 Kgs 8:1 sub ‫אַתּי‬. ְ 4:16

‫אַל־תּ ַכזֵּ ב‬ ְ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 4:18 ‫ל־הקּ ְֹצ ִ ֽרים׃‬ ַ ‫ל־א ִ ֖ביו ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ גְ ַ ֖דּל ַהיָּ ֶ֑לד וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ַהיּ֔ וֹם וַ יֵּ ֵ ֥צא ֶא‬ 4:18

‫ל־א ִביו‬ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵצא ֶא‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 4:19 ‫ל־א ֽמּוֹ׃‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֔ ַנּ ַﬠר ָשׂ ֵ ֖אהוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אשׁי וַ ֨יּ‬ ֑ ִ ֹ ‫אשׁי ׀ ר‬ ֣ ִ ֹ ‫ל־א ִ ֖ביו ר‬ ָ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 4:19

‫ָשׂ ֵאהוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 11:12; 2 Kgs 4:19

2 KINGS

51

2 KINGS 4:20 ‫מת׃‬ ֹ ֽ ָ‫ד־ה ָצּ ֳה ַ ֖ריִ ם וַ יּ‬ ֽ ַ ‫֛יה ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ל־בּ ְר ֶכּ‬ ִ ‫ל־א ֑מּוֹ וַ יֵּ ֶ֧שׁב ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫יאהוּ ֶא‬ ֖ ֵ ‫וַ יִּ ָשּׂ ֵ֔אהוּ וַ יְ ִב‬ 4:20

‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ִב‬

Eight times plene, and similarly in all the Writings apart from one

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫כתיב‬ ̇ ‫מל וכל‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of eight times plene etc. is incorrect since there are only five occurrences of this lemma. Most probably this is the result of a graphic error of ‫ ח‬eight for ‫ ה‬five; see Judg 19:21. MA correctly reads here five times plene, whereas MC has no note.

2 KINGS 4:22 ‫�הים‬ ֖ ִ ‫ד־אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֥ ִ ‫וּצה ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ן־הנְּ ָﬠ ִ ֔רים וְ ַא ַ ֖חת ָה ֲאתֹנ֑ וֹת וְ ָא ֛ר‬ ַ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְל ָ֨חה ָנ֥א ִ ֙לי ֶא ָ ֣חד ִמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הּ וַ ֗תּ‬ ֒ ‫ישׁ‬ ָ ‫ל־א‬ ִ ‫וַ ִתּ ְק ָר ֮א ֶא‬ ‫וּבה׃‬ ָ ‫וְ ָא ֽשׁ‬ 4:22

‫ישׁהּ‬ ָ ‫ִא‬

Twenty-one times

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Com.: See Judg 19:3. 4:22

‫ִשׁ ְל ָחה‬

Six times

Mp

Mp

̇‫ו‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 16:11. 4:22

Unique

‫ן־הנְּ ָﬠ ִרים‬ ַ ‫ִמ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that are preceded only once by the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬, otherwise the prep. is directly attached to the word; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §196, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §151. 4:22

Unique

‫אַחת ָה ֲאתֹנוֹת‬ ַ ְ‫ו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

52

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:23 ‫אמר ָשׁ ֽלוֹם׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫דּוּ� ַ ֣א ְתּי ה ֶֹל ֶ֤כתי ֵא ָל ֙יו ַהיּ֔ וֹם ֽל ֹא־ ֖חֹ ֶדשׁ וְ ֣ל ֹא ַשׁ ָ ֑בּת וַ ֖תּ‬ ַ ‫אמר ֠ ַמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬

4:23

Read ‫אַתּ‬ ְ

‫אַתּי‬ ְ

Mp

‫את ̇ק‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 4:16. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 4:23

‫ה ֶֹל ֶכתי‬

Read ‫ה ֶֹל ֶכת‬

‫הלכת ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )הלכתי‬with its paragogic ‫י‬, represents a remnant of the old Semitic case endings, whereas the qərê (‫ )ה ֶֹל ֶכת‬represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 104.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 4:24 ‫ם־א ַ ֥מ ְר ִתּי ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫ר־לי ִל ְר ֔כֹּב ִ ֖כּי ִא‬ ֣ ִ ‫ל־תּ ֲﬠ ָצ‬ ַ ‫אמר ֶ ֽאל־נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֖רהּ נְ ַ ֣הג וָ ֵל֑� ַא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ַו ַֽתּ ֲחב ֹ֙שׁ ָ ֽה ָא ֔תוֹן וַ ֥תּ‬ 4:24

‫ֶאל־נַ ֲﬠ ָרהּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the fem. sfx., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the masc. sfx. (‫)אל־נַ ֲﬠרוֹ‬ ֶ at 1 Kgs 18:43. 4:24

‫ִל ְרכֹּב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Sam 16:2; 2 Kgs 4:24

2 KINGS

53

2 KINGS 4:25 ‫יח ִז֣י‬ ֲ ֵ‫אמ ֙ר ֶאל־גּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�הים א ָֹת ֙הּ ִמ ֔ ֶנּגֶ ד וַ ֨יּ‬ ֤ ִ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ל־הר ַה ַכּ ְר ֶ ֑מל ַו֠יְ ִהי ִכּ ְר ֨אוֹת ִא‬ ֣ ַ ‫�הים ֶא‬ ֖ ִ ‫ל־אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֥ ִ ‫וַ ֵ֗תּ ֶל� וַ ָתּ ֛בוֹא ֶא‬ ‫נַ ֲﬠ ֔רוֹ ִה ֵנּ֖ה ַהשּׁוּנַ ִ ֥מּית ַה ָ ֽלּז׃‬ 4:25

‫ַהשּׁוּנַ ִמּית ַה ָלּז‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed over the two words ‫ ַﬠ ָתּה‬:‫ה ָלּז‬.ַ Most likely, as suggested by BHS, it belongs on the phrase ‫ ַהשּׁוּנַ ִמּית ַה ָלּז‬, which also occurs only this once. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 4:27 ‫ה־ל ֙הּ ִ ֽכּי־‬ ָ ‫�הים ַה ְר ֵ ֽפּ‬ ֤ ִ ‫ֹאמר֩ ִ֨אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֶ ‫ֽיח ִ֜זי ְל ָה ְד ֗ ָפהּ וַ יּ‬ ֲ ‫ל־ה ָ֔הר ַ ֽו ַתּ ֲח ֵז֖ק ְבּ ַרגְ ָל֑יו וַ יִּ ֨ ַגּשׁ ֵגּ‬ ָ ‫ים ֶא‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ל־אישׁ ָ ֽה ֱא‬ ֤ ִ ‫וַ ָתּ ֞ב ֹא ֶא‬ ‫ה־להּ ַוֽיהוָ ֙ה ֶה ְﬠ ִ ֣לים ִמ ֶ֔מּנִּ י וְ ֥ל ֹא ִה ִ ֖גּיד ִ ֽלי׃‬ ָ ֔ ‫נַ ְפ ָ ֣שׁהּ ָ ֽמ ָר‬ 4:27

‫ְל ָה ְד ָפהּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

4:27

‫ַה ְר ֵפּה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 11:37.

2 KINGS 4:28 ‫אמר ֲה ָשׁ ַ ֥א ְל ִתּי ֵ ֖בן ֵמ ֵ ֣את ֲאד ִֹנ֑י ֲה ֣ל ֹא ָא ַ֔מ ְר ִתּי ֥ל ֹא ַת ְשׁ ֶל֖ה א ִ ֹֽתי׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕תּ‬ 4:28 Unique

‫אַל ִתּי‬ ְ ‫ֲה ָשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences without this interrogative. 4:28

Unique

‫ַת ְשׁ ֶלה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

54

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:29

‫ישׁ ֣ל ֹא ְת ָב ְר ֶ֔כנּוּ וְ ִ ֽכי־יְ ָב ֶר ְכ�֥ ִ ֖אישׁ ֣ל ֹא ַת ֲﬠנֶ נּ֑ וּ‬ ֙ ‫י־ת ְמ ָ ֥צא ִא‬ ִ ‫יח ִ֜זי ֲח ֹ֣גר ָמ ְת ֗ ֶני� וְ ַ ֨קח ִמ ְשׁ ַﬠנְ ִ ֣תּי ְביָ ְד ֮� וָ ֵל�֒ ִ ֽכּ‬ ֲ ֵ‫אמר ְלג‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ל־פּ ֵנ֥י ַה ָנּ ַֽﬠר׃‬ ְ ‫וְ ַשׂ ְמ ָ ֥תּ ִמ ְשׁ ַﬠנְ ִ ֖תּי ַﬠ‬ 4:29

‫יחזִ י‬ ֲ ֵ‫אמר ְלג‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with the prep. ‫יחזִ י( ֶאל‬ ֲ ֵ‫אמר ֶאל גּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ )וַ יּ‬in vv. 12 and 25. 4:29

‫וְ ַקח‬

Thirteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 2:16. 4:29

�‫וָ ֵל‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 Gen 12:19; 24:51; 2 Kgs 4:24; 4:29; Jer 36:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a qameṣ, to distinguish them from its ten occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj pointed with a šəwâ (�‫)וְ ֵל‬. In ML at Gen 24:51, a Mp note reading fourteen times raṕê has mistakenly been placed on �‫וָ ֵל‬, but it belongs on the following word ‫וּת ִהי‬. ְ The heading of the Mm there has the correct enumeration, and the Mm lists the above five occurrences. 4:29

‫ִכּי‬

Thirty-one verses with the sequence ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫ִכּי‬

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–33

‫̇ל ̇א פסו̇ כי וכי‬

Gen 3:6; 29:12; 33:11; Exod 3:11; 4:31 Num 5:20; Josh 7:15; 8:21; Josh 10:1; 10:2 Judg 6:30; 1 Sam 19:4; 31:7; 2 Sam 5:12; 1 Kgs 11:21 2 Kgs 4:29; Isa 30:21; 65:16; Jer 38:15; 40:7 Jer 40:11; 51:53; Ezek 11:16; Mic 5:4; 5:5 Mal 3:14; Job 7:17; 15:14; 31:14; 31:25 Job 38:20; Ruth 2:13; 1 Chr 10:7

——————————

Mp

2 KINGS Thirty-one verses with the sequence ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫ִכּי‬ 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–20

21–25

26–30

31

Gen 3:6 Gen 29:12 Gen 33:11 Exod 3:11 Exod 4:31 Num 5:20 Josh 7:15 Josh 8:21 Josh 10:1 Josh 10:2 Judg 6:30 1 Sam 31:7 2 Sam 5:12 1 Kgs 11:21 2 Kgs 4:29 Isa 30:21 Isa 65:16 Jer 38:15 Jer 40:7 Jer 51:53 Ezek 11:16 Mic 5:4 Mic 5:5 Mal 3:14 1 Chr 10:7 Job 7:17 Job 15:14 Job 31:14 Job 31:25 Job 38:20 ‫ ִכּי נִ ַח ְמ ָתּנִ י‬of Ruth (Ruth 2:13)

‫פסוק כי וכי‬ ̇ ‫̇ל ̇א‬

55 Mm

‫תאוה הוא‬ ‫ויגד יעקב לרחל‬ ‫את ברכתי‬ ‫וכי אוציא‬ ‫ויאמן העם‬ ‫ואת כי שטית‬ ‫והיה הנלכד‬ ‫ויהושע וכל‬ ‫אדני צדק‬ ‫כי עיר גדולה‬ ‫הוצא את בנך‬ ‫בעבר העמק‬ ‫כי הכינו יהוה‬ ‫והדד שמע במצרים‬ ‫ויאמר לגיחזי‬ ‫ואזניך תשמענה‬ ‫המתברך‬ ‫אל צדקיהו‬ ‫שרי החילים‬ ‫כי תעלה‬ [‫)הרחקים( ]הרחקתים‬ ‫והיה זה‬ ‫ורעו את‬ ‫שוא עבד‬ ‫ויראו כל איש‬ ‫מה אנוש כי תגדלנו‬ ‫מה אנוש כי יזכה‬ ‫ומה אעשה‬ ‫אם אשמח כי רב‬ ‫)תקוה( ]תקחנו[ אל גבולו‬ ‫כי )נחמתי( ]נחמתני[ דרות‬

Com.: Both the Mp and Mm have a heading of thirty-one, and the Mm lists thirty-one catchwords of verses with the sequence ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫ ִכּי‬. However, there are thirty-three occurrences of this lemma, the other two being at 1 Sam 19:4 and Jer 40:11; see Jobin, Concordance, 106–07.

The addition of Ruth to the catchwords ‫ ִכּי נִ ַח ְמ ָתּנִ י‬of Ruth 2:13 is simply a reference marker for Ruth since the phrase does not occur anywhere else. Curiously, the original reading in the Mm note of ‫ ִכּי נִ ַח ְמ ִתּי‬has a parallel in Gen 6:7, and there the sequence is not ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫ ִכּי‬but ‫כּי‬...‫י‬ ִ ‫כּ‬.ִ The Mm at Jer 38:15 lists only the references in Jeremiah and, just as the Mm here, it lists only three of them and omits Jer 40:11.

56

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

It should be noted that additions to the sequence ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫ ִכּי‬are not counted, so that the two cases of ‫ ִכּי‬...‫וְ ִכי‬...‫( ִכּי‬1 Sam 22:17; Jer 14:12), or the one case of ‫וְ ִכי‬...‫וְ ִכי‬...‫( ִכּי‬Josh 2:9) are not included in this list. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 4:31 ‫מר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫אתוֹ וַ יַּ גֶּ ד־ל֣ וֹ ֵלא‬ ֙ ‫ל־פּ ֵנ֣י ַה ֔ ַנּ ַﬠר וְ ֵ ֥אין ֖קוֹל וְ ֵ ֣אין ָ ֑ק ֶשׁב וַ יָּ ָ֤שׁב ִל ְק ָר‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ִמּ ְשׁ ֨ ֶﬠנֶ ֙ת ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫יהם וַ יָּ ֶ֤שׂם ֶא‬ ֶ֗ ֵ‫וְ גֵ ֲח ִ֞זי ָﬠ ַ ֣בר ִל ְפנ‬ ‫֥ל ֹא ֵה ִ ֖ קיץ ַה ָנּ ַֽﬠר׃‬ 4:31

‫וְ גֵ ֲחזִ י‬

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:31; 5:25 (‫ ;)גֵ ֲחזִ י‬8:4 (‫ ;)גֵ ֲחזִ י‬8:5 (‫)גֵ ֲחזִ י‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written plene first ‫יחזִ י( י‬ ֲ ֵ‫ ְלג‬/‫יחזִ י‬ ֲ ֵ‫)ג‬, six of which are in this chapter. ML, contrary to M (‫יחזִ י‬ ֲ ֵ‫)ג‬, has a fifth occurrence of this lemma at 2 Kgs 4:12 (‫ ;)גֵ ֲחזִ י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 120. However, all the Mp headings and the Mm at 2 Kgs 8:4 support the enumeration inherent in the text of M. 4:31

‫וְ ֵאין‬

Sixteen verses with the sequence ‫וְ ֵאין‬...‫וְ ֵאין‬ Com.: See 1 Kgs 18:26.

‫פסוק ואין ואין‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 4:32 ‫ל־מ ָטּ ֽתוֹ׃‬ ִ ‫ישׁע ַה ָ ֑בּיְ ָתה וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ַה ֨ ַנּ ַﬠ ֙ר ֵ֔מת ֻמ ְשׁ ָ ֖כּב ַﬠ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֥ב ֹא ֱא ִל‬ 4:32

‫ַה ָבּיְ ָתה‬

Nineteen times

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Com.: See Josh 2:18.

Mp

2 KINGS 4:32

‫ֻמ ְשׁ ָכּב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

57

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed with a qibbûṣ under the ‫מ‬ (hophal ptcp., laid out), to distinguish it from its three occurrences pointed with a ḥîreq (‫מ ְשׁ ָכּב‬, ִ bed).

2 KINGS 4:34 ‫ל־ﬠינָ ֙יו וְ ַכ ָפּ֣יו ַﬠל־ ַכּ ֔ ַָפּו וַ יִּ גְ ַ ֖הר ָﬠ ָל֑יו וַ יָּ ָ֖חם ְבּ ַ ֥שׂר ַהיָּ ֶֽלד׃‬ ֵ ‫ל־פּיו וְ ֵﬠ ָינ֤יו ַﬠ‬ ִ ֜ ‫ל־ה ֶ֗יּ ֶלד וַ יָּ ֶשׂ ֩ם ֨ ִפּיו ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ ַ֜יּ ַﬠל וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַכּ֣ב ַﬠ‬ 4:34

Read ‫ַכּ ָפּיו‬

‫ַכּ ָפּו‬ ‫כפיו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )כפו‬without a ‫ י‬represents the archaic form of the 3rd masc. sg. sfx. to a pl. noun, whereas the qərê (‫)כּ ָפּיו‬ ַ with a ‫ י‬represents the later form; see Cohen, The Kethiḇ and Qeri System, 33. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena in which a ‫ י‬is read though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §128, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §112. MC, as ML, has a kəṯîḇ/qərê here, but MA reads here unique defective.

In ML this lemma has no circellus. 4:34

‫וַ יָּ ָחם‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:34; Isa 44:15

—————————— ‫ וַ יָּ ָחם‬twice

2 Kgs 4:34 Isa 44:15

‫ויחם ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויחם בשר הילד‬ ‫אף ישיק‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with a ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §69.

58

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:35

‫ד־שׁ ַבע ְפּ ָﬠ ִ֔מים וַ יִּ ְפ ַ ֥ קח ַה ַנּ ַ֖ﬠר ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫זוֹרר ַה ֨ ַנּ ַﬠ ֙ר ַﬠ‬ ֤ ֵ ְ‫וַ ָ֜יּ ָשׁב וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� ַבּ ַ֗בּיִ ת ַא ַ ֥חת ֵ֨הנָּ ֙ה וְ ַא ַ ֣חת ֵ֔הנָּ ה וַ יַּ ַ֖ﬠל וַ יִּ גְ ַ ֣הר ָﬠ ָל֑יו וַ י‬ ‫ֵﬠ ָינֽיו׃‬ 4:35

‫אַחת ֵהנָּ ה‬ ַ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a cj. (‫אַחת ֵהנָּ ה‬ ַ ְ‫ )ו‬in the same verse. 4:35

‫וַ יִּ גְ ַהר‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

1 Kgs 18:42; 2 Kgs 4:34; 4:35 4:35

‫זוֹרר‬ ֵ ְ‫וַ י‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 4:36 ‫אמר ְשׂ ִ ֥אי ְב ֵנֽ �׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ֻשּׁנַ ִ ֣מּית ַה ֔זּ ֹאת וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֶ ֖א ָה וַ ָתּ ֣בוֹא ֵא ָל֑יו וַ ֖יּ‬ ַ ‫אמ ֙ר ְק ָר ֙א ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יח ִ֗זי וַ ֨יּ‬ ֲ ֵ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֣רא ֶאל־גּ‬ 4:36

‫ַה ֻשּׁנַ ִמּית‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

1 Kgs 2:21; 2:22; 2 Kgs 4:36 ——————————

‫ ַה ֻשּׁנַ ִמּית‬three times defective

1 Kgs 2:21 1 Kgs 2:22 2 Kgs 4:36

‫יתן את אבישג‬ ‫ויען המלך‬ ‫ויקרא אל גיחזי‬

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫השנמית ̇ג‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences of this form written plene ‫)השּׁוּנַ ִמּית( ו‬. ַ

2 KINGS 4:36

‫ְשׂ ִאי‬

Eight times

59

Mp

‫̇ח‬

1–5 Gen 21:18; 2 Kgs 4:36; Isa 49:18; 60:4; Jer 3:2 6–8 Ezek 16:52; 23:35; Lam 2:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from the two occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּשׂ ִאי‬ ְ at Jer 7:29 and Ezek 16:52.

2 KINGS 4:38 ‫וּב ֵ ֥שּׁל‬ ַ ‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ֔ ְ‫אמר ְלנַ ֲﬠ ֗רוֹ ְשׁפ ֹ֙ת ַה ִ ֣סּיר ַהגּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יאים י ְֹשׁ ִ ֖בים ְל ָפ ָנ֑יו וַ ֣יּ‬ ִ֔ ‫וּבנֵ ֙י ַהנְּ ִב‬ ְ ‫ישׁע ָ ֤שׁב ַהגִּ ְל ֨ ָגּ ָל ֙ה וְ ָה ָר ָ ֣ﬠב ָבּ ָ֔א ֶרץ‬ ָ֞ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ‫יאים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫נָ ִז֖יד ִל ְב ֵנ֥י ַהנְּ ִב‬ 4:38

‫ַהגִּ ְלגָּ ָלה‬

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Com.: See Josh 10:6. 4:38

Unique

Mp

‫יאים‬ ִ ‫וּבנֵ י ַהנְּ ִב‬ ְ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a preceding ‫;וּבנֵ י‬ ְ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §366. 4:38

Three times

‫ְשׁפֹת‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:38; Ezek 24:3a; 24:3b

Com.: The Masorah here notes the three occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. at 2 Sam 17:29 (‫)וּשׁפוֹת‬. ְ

The Mm at 2 Sam 17:29 sub ‫וּשׁפוֹת‬ ְ ‫ ְשׁפוֹת‬lists all four forms.

60

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 4:39

‫ת וַ יִּ ְמ ָצ ֙א ֶגּ ֶ֣פן ָשׂ ֶ ֔דה וַ יְ ַל ֵ ֥קּט ִמ ֶ ֛מּנּוּ ַפּ ֻקּ ֥ﬠֹת ָשׂ ֶ ֖דה ְמ ֣ל ֹא ִבגְ ֑דוֹ וַ יָּ ֗ב ֹא וַ יְ ַפ ַלּ֛ח ֶאל־‬ ֒ ֹ ‫אר‬ ֹ ‫ל־ה ָשּׂ ֶד ֮ה ְל ַל ֵ ֣קּט‬ ַ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵ֨צא ֶא ָ ֣חד ֶא‬ ‫י־ל ֹא יָ ָ ֽדעוּ׃‬ ֥ ‫ִ ֥סיר ַהנָּ ִז֖יד ִ ֽכּ‬ 4:39

‫אר ֹת‬ ֹ

Twice in two meanings

Mp

̇‫בתר לשנ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 4:39 (‫אר ֹת‬ ֹ ); Isa 26:19 (‫)אוֹר ֹת‬ ——————————

‫אר ֹת‬ ֹ twice in two meanings, once defective and once plene 2 Kgs 4:39 Isa 26:19

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫ארת ̇ב בתרי̇ לשנין חד חס וחד‬

Mm

‫ויצא אחד אל השדה‬ ‫כי טל )ארת( ]אורת[ טלך‬

The latter is written this way (‫)אוֹר ֹת‬

‫בתר כת כן‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the occurrence of the homonym ‫אר ֹת‬ ֹ written both defective (here) and plene (Isa 26:19) first ‫ו‬. Here the meaning of the lemma is sprouts, whereas in Isa 26:19 it is lights, or perhaps celestial dew. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of homonyms; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. 4:39

‫ַפּ ֻקּעֹת‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written (doubly) defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. 4:39

Unique

‫וַ יְ ַפ ַלּח‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without this ‫ )יְ ַפ ַלּח( ו‬at Prov 7:23 and Job 16:13.

2 KINGS 4:39

‫ל־סיר‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

61

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a preceding ‫אל‬, ֶ and only once with a preceding ‫;ﬠל‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §2, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §2.

2 KINGS 4:40 ‫�הים וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ְכל֖ וּ‬ ִ֔ ‫יר ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֙ ‫רוּ ָ ֤מוֶ ת ַבּ ִסּ‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ִיּ ְֽצ ֥קוּ ַל ֲאנָ ִ ֖שׁים ֶל ֱא ֑כוֹל ַו֠יְ ִהי ְכּ ָא ְכ ֨ ָלם ֵמ ַהנָּ ִ֜זיד וְ ֵ ֣ה ָמּה ָצ ֗ ָﬠקוּ וַ ֽיּ‬ ‫ֶל ֱא ֽכֹל׃‬ 4:40

‫ַל ֲאנָ ִשׁים‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:9. 4:40

Unique

‫ְכּ ָא ְכ ָלם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a prefix ‫;כ‬ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20. 4:40

Unique

‫ֵמ ַהנָּ זִ יד‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬, whereas normally it is with the separable prep. ‫ ; ִמן‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §195.

2 KINGS 4:41 ‫אכלוּ וְ ֥ל ֹא ָה ָי֛ה ָדּ ָ ֥בר ָ ֖רע ַבּ ִ ֽסּיר׃ ס‬ ֵ֔ ֹ ‫אמר ַצ֤ק ָל ָﬠ ֙ם וְ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ִ ֑סּיר וַ ֗יּ‬ ַ ‫חוּ־ק ַמח וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵל֖� ֶא‬ ֔ ֶ ‫וּק‬ ְ ‫אמ ֙ר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 4:41 Unique

‫חוּ־ק ַמח‬ ֶ ‫וּק‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

62 4:41

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַצק‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words containing two letters that occur only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §40. 4:41

‫אכלוּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫וְ י‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 4:41; 4:42; 4:43

—————————— ‫אכלוּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ וְ י‬three times

2 Kgs 4:41 2 Kgs 4:42 2 Kgs 4:43

Mm

‫ויאכלו ̇ג‬ ‫צק לעם ויאכלו‬ ‫ויאמר‬ ‫משרתו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its six occurrences of this form with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫אכלוּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫)וַ יּ‬. In ML the circellus has incorrectly been placed on the preceding word ‫ל ָﬠם‬,ָ but that word occurs over fifty times. 4:41

‫וְ לֹא ָהיָ ה‬

Twenty-seven times

Com.: See Josh 8:20.

̇‫̇כז‬

Mp

2 KINGS 4:42 ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ים־ל ֶ֣חם ְשׂע ִ ֹ֔רים וְ ַכ ְר ֶ ֖מל ְבּ ִצ ְק�נ֑ וֹ וַ ֕יּ‬ ֶ ‫ים ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֽר‬ ֙ ‫כּוּר‬ ִ ‫�הים ֶל ֶ֤חם ִבּ‬ ִ֜ ‫וְ ִ֨אישׁ ָ֜בּא ִמ ַ ֣בּ ַﬠל ָשׁ ֗ ִל ָשׁה וַ יָּ ֵב ֩א ְל ִ֨אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ‫אכלוּ׃‬ ֽ ֵ ֹ ‫ֵ ֥תּן ָל ָ ֖ﬠם וְ י‬ 4:42

‫ָשׁ ִל ָשׁה‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

1 Sam 9:4; 2 Kgs 4:42

——————————

Mp

2 KINGS ‫ ָשׁ ִל ָשׁה‬twice defective

1 Sam 9:4 2 Kgs 4:42

63

Mm

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫שלשה ̇ב‬

‫ויעבר בארץ‬ ‫ואיש בא מבעל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, but there are no occurrences written plene ‫ י‬so the note more precisely should have read twice and defective, as MC writes at 1 Sam 9:4. MA also reads twice defective, but MC has no note here. 4:42

‫ים־ל ֶחם‬ ֶ ‫ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of word pairs occurring only once where a preceding ‫ ו‬cj. would be expected; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §30, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §31. 4:42

‫אכלוּ‬ ֵ ֹ ‫וְ י‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 4:41.

2 KINGS 4:44 ‫הוֽה׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫יּוֹתרוּ ִכּ ְד ַ ֥בר י‬ ֖ ִ ַ‫אכל֥ וּ ו‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם וַ יּ‬ ֛ ֶ ֵ‫וַ יִּ ֵ ֧תּן ִל ְפנ‬ 4:44

‫יּוֹתרוּ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬

Twice written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 16:20; 2 Kgs 4:44

——————————

‫יּוֹתרוּ‬ ִ ַ‫ ו‬twice written like this Exod 16:20 2 Kgs 4:44

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫)ויתרו( ]ויותרו[ ̇ב‬

‫)ויתרו( ]ויותרו[ אנשים ממנו עד‬ ‫ויאכלו )ויתרו( ]ויותרו[ כדבר יהוה‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective second ‫י‬. Normally a ‫ י‬would be expected in the hiphil impf. of this verb, as it is in the three forms of ‫תּוֹתירוּ‬, ִ or in the form ‫יוֹתיר‬ ִ at Deut 28:54.

64

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 5:1

‫שׁוּﬠה ַל ֲא ָ ֑רם וְ ָה ִ֗אישׁ‬ ֖ ָ ‫הו֥ה ְתּ‬ ָ ְ‫י־בוֹ ָנ ַֽתן־י‬ ֛ ‫שׂא ָפ ֔ ִנים ִ ֽכּ‬ ֣ ֻ ְ‫�־א ָ ֜רם ָה ָי֣ה ִאישׁ֩ גָּ ֨דוֹל ִל ְפ ֵנ֤י ֲאד ֹנָ ֙יו וּנ‬ ֲ ‫ר־צ ָ֨בא ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ְ ‫ְו֠נַ ֲﬠ ָמן ַשׂ‬ ‫ָה ָי֛ה גִּ ֥בּוֹר ַ ֖חיִ ל ְמצ ָ ֹֽרע׃‬ 5:1

‫וּנְ ֻשׂא ָפנִ ים‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 5:1; Isa 3:3 (‫ ;)וּנְ שׂוּא‬9:14 (‫ ;)וּנְ שׂוּא‬Job 22:8 (‫)וּנְ שׂוּא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three times written plene and once written defective ‫( ו‬here).

MC reads here four times, once defective. However, MA places the circellus only on the first word ‫ וּנְ ֻשׂא‬and reads twice defective, noting the form here with the cj., and the form without the cj. (‫ )נְ ֻשׂא‬at Isa 33:24. In the Isa 3:3 and 9:14 references, the circelli have been placed only on the first word ‫וּנְ שׂוּא‬.

2 KINGS 5:2 ‫דוּדים וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֛בּוּ ֵמ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֣רה ְק ַט ָנּ֑ה וַ ְתּ ִ֕הי ִל ְפ ֵנ֖י ֵ ֥א ֶשׁת נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֽמן׃‬ ֔ ִ ְ‫וַ ֲא ָר ֙ם יָ ְצ ֣אוּ ג‬ 5:2

‫וַ יִּ ְשׁבּוּ‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 30:2.

Mp

2 KINGS 5:3 ‫שׁר ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן ָ ֛אז יֶ ֱא ֥סֹף א ֹ֖תוֹ ִמ ָצּ ַר ְﬠ ֽתּוֹ׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶאל־גְּ ִב ְר ָ֔תּהּ ַא ֲח ֵל֣י ֲאד ֔ ִֹני ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י ַהנָּ ִ ֖ביא ֲא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨תּ‬ 5:3

‫גְּ ִב ְר ָתּהּ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 16:4; 2 Kgs 5:3; Ps 123:2; Prov 30:23 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ גְּ ִב ְר ָתּהּ‬four times

‫גברתה ̇ד‬

Gen 16:4 2 Kgs 5:3 Ps 123:2 Prov 30:23

65

Mm

‫ותקל גברתה בעיניה‬ ‫ותאמר אל גברתה‬ ‫כעיני שפחה אל יד‬ ‫ושפחה כי תירש גברתה‬

And once (‫)כּגְּ ִב ְר ָתּהּ‬: ַ Isa 24:2

‫וחד כשפחה כגברתה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, and the Mm additionally notes its sole occurrence with a prep. (‫)כּגְּ ִב ְר ָתּהּ‬ ַ at Isa 24:2. 5:3

‫אַח ֵלי‬ ֲ

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words with an initial ‫ א‬occurring only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §35, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §36. 5:3

‫ִמ ָצּ ַר ְﬠתּוֹ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 5:3; 5:6; 5:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them from its three occurrences of a similar written lemma ‫מצ ַֹר ַﬠת‬. ְ

2 KINGS 5:5 ‫ים‬ ֙ ‫י־כ ֶסף וְ ֵ ֤שׁ ֶשׁת ֲא ָל ִפ‬ ֶ֗ ‫ל־מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יֵּ ֶל�֩ וַ יִּ ַ ֨קּח ְבּיָ ֜דוֹ ֶﬠ ֶ֣שׂר ִכּ ְכּ ֵר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�־בּ ֹא וְ ֶא ְשׁ ְל ָ ֥חה ֵ ֖ס ֶפר ֶא‬ ֔ ‫�־א ָר ֙ם ֶל‬ ֲ ‫אמר ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫יפוֹת ְבּגָ ִ ֽדים׃‬ ֥ ‫זָ ָ֔הב וְ ֶ ֖ﬠ ֶשׂר ֲח ִל‬ 5:5 Twice

‫וְ ֶא ְשׁ ְל ָחה‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Sam 14:32; 2 Kgs 5:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וָ ֶא ְשׁ ְל ָחה‬.

66 5:5

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ ֶא ְשׁ ְל ָחה ֵס ֶפר‬

Unique 5:5

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫י־כ ֶסף‬ ֶ ‫ִכּ ְכּ ֵר‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ֶכ ֶסף‬with the cstr. pl. ‫כּ ְכּ ֵרי‬,ִ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the dual form ‫ ) ִכּ ְכּ ַריִ ם ֶכ ֶסף( ִכּ ְכּ ַריִ ם‬in v. 23, and from its more numerous occurrences (11x) with the sg. ‫) ִכּ ַכּר ֶכּ ֶסף( ִכּ ַכּר‬, one of which is in v. 22.

2 KINGS 5:6 ‫י� ֶאת־נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֣מן ַﬠ ְב ִ ֔דּי‬ ֙ ‫מר וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ְכּ ֨בוֹא ַה ֵ ֤סּ ֶפר ַהזֶּ ֙ה ֵא ֔ ֶלי� ִה ֨ ֵנּה ָשׁ ַל ְ֤ח ִתּי ֵא ֨ ֶל‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ל־מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֵלא‬ ֥ ֶ ‫וַ יָּ ֵב֣א ַה ֵ֔סּ ֶפר ֶא‬ ‫וַ ֲא ַס ְפ ֖תּוֹ ִמ ָצּ ַר ְﬠ ֽתּוֹ׃‬ 5:6

‫וַ יָּ ֵבא ַה ֵסּ ֶפר‬

Unique 5:6

‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ ֲא ַס ְפתּוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Deut 22:2; 2 Kgs 5:6

—————————— ‫ ֲא ַס ְפתּוֹ‬twice

Deut 22:2 2 Kgs 5:6

‫ואספתו ̇ב‬

Mm

‫אל תוך ביתך‬ ‫מצרעתו‬

Com.: The heading of the Mp for this doublet at Deut 22:2 contains the catchword ‫מצרעתו‬ (‫)מ ָצּ ַר ְﬠתּוֹ‬, ִ which refers the reader back to this verse. 5:6

‫ִמ ָצּ ַר ְﬠתּוֹ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 5:3.

2 KINGS

67

2 KINGS 5:7 ‫�הים ָ֨אנִ ֙י ְל ָה ִ ֣מית וּֽ ְל ַה ֲחי֔ וֹת ִ ֽכּי־זֶ ֙ה שׁ ֵֹל ַ֣� ֵא ֔ ַלי‬ ֥ ִ ‫אמ ֙ר ַה ֱא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־ה ֵ֜סּ ֶפר וַ יִּ ְק ַ ֣רע ְבּגָ ָ ֗דיו וַ ֨יּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ִ֡הי ִכּ ְקר ֹ ֩א ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֨אל ֶא‬ ‫י־מ ְת ַא ֶנּ֥ה ֖הוּא ִ ֽלי׃‬ ִ ‫־דּ ֽﬠוּ־נָ ֙א ְוּר ֔אוּ ִ ֽכּ‬ ְ ‫ֶל ֱא ֥סֹף ִ ֖אישׁ ִמ ָ ֽצּ ַר ְﬠ ֑תּוֹ ִ ֤כּי ַא ְכ‬ 5:7

‫ִכּ ְקרֹא‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 5:7; Jer 36:23 (‫)כּ ְקרוֹא‬ ִ ——————————

‫ ִכּ ְקרֹא‬twice, once defective and once plene

2 Kgs 5:7 Jer 36:23

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫כקרא ̇ב חד‬

Mm

‫)ויקרא( ]ויהי כקרא[ מלך ישראל‬ ‫ויהי )כקרא( ]כקרוא[ יהודי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)בּ ְקרֹא( ב‬ ִ at Jer 36:13. 5:7

‫וַ יִּ ְק ַרע ְבּגָ ָדיו‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 21:27. 5:7

‫וּל ַה ֲחיוֹת‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 45:7; 2 Kgs 5:7; Isa 57:15 —————————— ‫וּל ַה ֲחיוֹת‬ ְ three times Gen 45:7 2 Kgs 5:7 Isa 57:15

‫ולהחיות ̇ג‬

Mm

‫וישלחני אלהים לפניכם‬ ‫האלהים אני להמית ולהחיות‬ ‫רוח שפלים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences without a cj.

68

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

5:7

‫ִמ ָצּ ַר ְﬠתּוֹ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 5:3. 5:7

‫ִמ ְתאַנֶּ ה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 5:8 ‫מר ָ ֥ל ָמּה‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ֵלא‬ ַ ‫ת־בּגָ ָ ֔דיו וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל ֙ח ֶא‬ ְ ‫י־ק ַ ֤רע ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶא‬ ָ ‫�הים ִ ֽכּ‬ ִ֗ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ישׁע ִא‬ ֣ ָ ‫מ ַ� ׀ ֱא ִל‬ ֹ ֣ ‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי ִכּ ְשׁ‬ ‫א־נ֣א ֵא ֔ ַלי וְ יֵ ַ ֕דע ִ ֛כּי ֵי֥שׁ נָ ִ ֖ביא ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ ֹ ‫ָק ַ ֖ר ְﬠ ָתּ ְבּגָ ֶ ֑די� יָ ֽב‬ 5:8

‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי‬

Nine times with the accent (geršayim) in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 3:18. 5:8

Mp

�‫ָק ַר ְﬠ ָתּ ְבּגָ ֶדי‬

Unique 5:8

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וְ יֵ ַדע‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 5:8; Job 21:19 (‫ ;)וְ יֵ ָדע‬31:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) written with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וַ יֵּ ַדע‬. The Mp heading at Job 21:19 reads unique with qameṣ (‫)ל‬ ָ ֗ noting the sole occurrence of the pausal form ‫וְ יֵ ָדע‬. 5:8

Unique

‫יֵ שׁ נָ ִביא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

69

2 KINGS 5:9 ‫ישׁע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ח־ה ַ ֖בּיִ ת ֶל ֱא ִל‬ ַ ‫מד ֶ ֽפּ ַת‬ ֹ ֥ ‫וּב ִר ְכ ֑בּוֹ וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ְ ‫סוּסו‬ ֣ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֥ב ֹא נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֖מן ְבּ‬ 5:9

‫סוּסו‬ ָ ‫ְבּ‬

Read ‫סוּסיו‬ ָ ‫ְבּ‬

‫בסוסיו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )בסוסו‬without the ‫ י‬represents the archaic form of the 3rd masc. sg. sfx. to a pl. noun, whereas the qərê (‫סוּסיו‬ ָ ‫)בּ‬ ְ with the second ‫ י‬represents the later form; see Cohen, The Kethiḇ and Qeri System, 33. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena in which a ‫ י‬is read though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §128, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §112. 5:9

‫ישׁע‬ ָ ‫ח־ה ַבּיִ ת ֶל ֱא ִל‬ ַ ‫ֶפּ ַת‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 5:10 ‫וּט ָ ֽהר׃‬ ְ ֖�‫ים ַבּיַּ ְר ֵ ֔דּן וְ יָ ֧שׁ ֹב ְבּ ָשׂ ְר�֛ ְל‬ ֙ ‫ע־פּ ָﬠ ִמ‬ ְ ‫מר ָה ֗לוֹ� וְ ָר ַח ְצ ָ ֤תּ ֶ ֽשׁ ַב‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ישׁע ַמ ְל ָ ֣א� ֵלא‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֥לח ֵא ָל֛יו ֱא ִל‬ 5:10

‫וְ יָ שׁ ֹב‬

Fifteen times

̇‫̇הי‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 5:11. 5:10

Three times

‫וּט ָהר‬ ְ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Mp

2 Kgs 5:10; 5:13; Job 17:9 (‫)וּט ָהר‬ ֳ

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur four times, three times with a ‫ ו‬cj. (as listed above), and once (Prov 22:11) without a cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §16, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §17.

70

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 5:11 ‫הו֣ה ֱא� ָ֔היו וְ ֵה ִ ֥ניף יָ ֛דוֹ ֶאל־‬ ָ ְ‫אמר֩ ִה ֨ ֵנּה ָא ַ֜מ ְר ִתּי ֵא ַל֣י ׀ יֵ ֵצ֣א יָ ֗צוֹא וְ ָﬠ ַמ ֙ד וְ ָק ָר ֙א ְבּ ֵשׁם־י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֥צֹף נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֖מן וַ יֵּ ַל֑� וַ יּ‬ ‫ַה ָמּ ֖קוֹם וְ ָא ַ ֥סף ַה ְמּצ ָ ֹֽרע׃‬

5:11

�‫וַ יֵּ ַל‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 21:1. 5:11

‫יֵ ֵצא יָ צוֹא‬

Unique 5:11

‫̇ל‬ ‫וְ ָא ַסף‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Mp Mp

Num 19:9; 2 Kgs 5:11; Isa 11:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this verbal form with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this cj.

2 KINGS 5:12 ‫א־א ְר ַ ֥חץ ָבּ ֶ ֖הם וְ ָט ָ ֑ה ְר ִתּי וַ יִּ ֖ ֶפן וַ יֵּ ֶ֥ל� ְבּ ֵח ָ ֽמה׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ימי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֲה ֽל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וּפ ְר ֜ ַפּר נַ ֲה ֣רוֹת ַדּ ֶ֗מּ ֶשׂק ִמכֹּל֙ ֵמ‬ ַ ‫ֲה ֡ל ֹא טוֹב֩ ֲא ָב ֨ ָנה‬ 5:12

‫ֲא ָבנָ ה‬

Read ‫ֲא ָמנָ ה‬

‫אמנה ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )אבנה‬and qərê (‫)א ָמנָ ה‬ ֲ give alternate names of the name of the Damascus river: the kəṯîḇ, supported by the Septuagint and Vulgate, reads Abana, the qərê, supported by the the Syriac and Targum, reads Amana. Both forms are correct, and reflect a ‫ ב‬and ‫ מ‬interchange; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 157, 203. This lemma is found in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words where ‫ ב‬is written but read ‫( מ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §154, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §141).

The other is in a list of forms that occur four times, three times without a ‫ ו‬cj. (2 Kgs 5:12, Cant 4:8, and Neh 10:1), and once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Neh 11:23); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §15, DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §16, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §298.

2 KINGS 5:12

‫נַ ֲהרוֹת‬

Three times

71

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 5:12; Ps 74:15; 137:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written as ‫נְ ָהרוֹת‬. 5:12

‫וְ ָט ָה ְר ִתּי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without (Prov 20:9); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

2 KINGS 5:13 ‫י־א ַ ֥מר ֵא ֶל֖י� ְר ַ ֥חץ‬ ָ ‫בי ָדּ ָ ֣בר גָּ ֗דוֹל ַהנָּ ִ ֛ביא ִדּ ֶ ֥בּר ֵא ֶל֖י� ֲהל֣ וֹא ַת ֲﬠ ֶ ֑שׂה וְ ַ ֛אף ִ ֽכּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמ ֗רוּ ָא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ גְּ ֣שׁוּ ֲﬠ ָב ָד ֮יו וַ יְ ַד ְבּ ֣רוּ ֵא ָליו֒ וַ יּ‬ ‫וּט ָ ֽהר׃‬ ְ 5:13

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS 5:14 ‫�הים וַ יָּ ָ֣שׁב ְבּ ָשׂ ֗רוֹ ִכּ ְב ַ ֛שׂר ַנ ַ֥ﬠר ָק ֖טֹן וַ יִּ ְט ָ ֽהר׃‬ ֑ ִ ‫שׁ ַבע ְפּ ָﬠ ִ֔מים ִכּ ְד ַ ֖בר ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ ֵ֗יּ ֶרד וַ יִּ ְט ֤בֹּל ַבּיַּ ְר ֵ ֙דּן‬ 5:14

‫ִכּ ְב ַשׂר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 5:14; Neh 5:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)בּ ְב ַשׂר( ב‬ ִ at Lev 15:7.

72

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 5:15

‫ים ְבּ ָכל־‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫תּי ִ ֣כּי ֵ ֤אין ֱא‬ ֙ ִ ‫ה־נ֤א יָ ַ ֨ד ְﬠ‬ ָ ֵ‫אמר ִהנּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫מד ְל ָפנָ יו֒ וַ ֗יּ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֗ ֵנהוּ וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֮א וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫�הים ֣הוּא וְ ָ ֽכ‬ ִ֜ ‫ל־אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ִ֨ ‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב֩ ֶא‬ ‫ח־נ֥א ְב ָר ָ ֖כה ֵמ ֵ ֥את ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֽדּ�׃‬ ָ ‫ם־בּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וְ ַﬠ ָ ֛תּה ַק‬ ְ ‫ָה ָ֔א ֶרץ ִ ֖כּי ִא‬ 5:15 Unique

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ִכּי ֵאין ֱא‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ֵאין ֱא‬with ‫כּי‬,ִ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without ‫כּי‬.ִ 5:15

‫וְ ַﬠ ָ ֛תּה‬

Nine times with the accent (təḇîr) 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 47:4; Num 11:6; 22:34; 2 Sam 19:10; 1 Kgs 1:18b 2 Kgs 5:15; Isa 5:3; Hos 2:12; Mic 4:11; Mal 1:9 Ezra 9:10; 10:2

Com.: The Mp heading here of nine times is inexact since there are twelve occurrences of this lemma with the təḇîr accent. The note more precisely should have read nine times with this accent in the Prophets and Writings; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

The Mp notes at 2 Sam 19:10 and Ezra 9:10 read twenty-seven, a number which must include the three other forms ‫ﬠ ָתּה‬, ַ ‫אַתּה‬, ָ and ‫אַתּה‬ ָ ְ‫ ו‬with some exceptions; see 1 Sam 27:1. The Mp note at Ezra 10:2 reads four times with this accent in the Writings and, as is indicated in the Mm to Ezra 9:10, deals with the four occurrences of both ‫אַתּה‬ ָ ְ‫ו‬, (2 Chr 2:15 and 21:15) and ‫( וְ ַﬠ ָתּה‬Ezra 9:10 and 10:2) with təḇîr in the Writings.

MC reads here incorrectly seventeen times (see Castro, El codice, 3:197), whereas MA has no note.

2 KINGS 5:16 ‫ר־בּוֹ ָל ַ ֖ ק ַחת וַ יְ ָמ ֵ ֽאן׃‬ ֥ ‫ם־א ָ ֑קּח וַ יִּ ְפ ַצ‬ ֶ ‫ר־ﬠ ַ ֥מ ְד ִתּי ְל ָפ ָנ֖יו ִא‬ ָ ‫הו֛ה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ַחי־י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬ 5:16 Unique

‫ם־א ָקּח‬ ֶ ‫ִא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a cj. (‫ם־א ָקּח‬ ֶ ‫ )וְ ִא‬at Gen 14:23.

2 KINGS 5:16

‫וַ יִּ ְפ ַצר‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 19:7.

73

Mp

2 KINGS 5:17 ‫א�הים‬ ֣ ִ ‫ד־פּ ָר ִ ֖דים ֲא ָד ָ ֑מה ִ֡כּי ֽלוֹא־יַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֩ה ֨עוֹד ַﬠ ְב ְדּ ֜� ע ָֹל֤ה וָ ֶ֨ז ַב ֙ח ֵל‬ ְ ‫ן־נ֣א ְל ַﬠ ְב ְדּ ֔� ַמ ָ ֥שּׂא ֶ ֽצ ֶמ‬ ָ ‫אמ ֮ר נַ ֲﬠ ָמן֒ וָ ֕ל ֹא יֻ ַתּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫יהוֽה׃‬ ָ ‫ם־ל‬ ַ ‫ֲא ֵח ִ ֔רים ִ ֖כּי ִא‬ 5:17

‫וָ לֹא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Sam 13:26; 2 Kgs 5:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its over fifteen-hundred occurrences written with a šəwâ (‫)וְ לֹא‬. 5:17

‫יֻ ַתּן‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:21. 5:17

‫ֲא ָד ָמה‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Mp

Mp

Gen 4:2; Exod 20:24; 2 Kgs 5:17; Isa 15:9; 45:9 Joel 1:10; 2:21; Amos 7:17; Zech 13:5; Ps 104:30 2 Chr 26:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma without the def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with the article (‫)ה ֲא ָד ָמה‬. ָ 5:17

‫וָ זֶ ַבח‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 5:17; Jer 7:22 (‫)וָ זָ ַבח‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma pointed with qameṣ under the ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a šəwâ (‫ )וְ זֶ ַבח‬at Judg 8:10 and Jer 17:26.

74

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 5:18

‫ית֙י‬ ִ ‫ית־רמּוֹן֩ ְל ִה ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחוֹ֨ת ָ֜שׁ ָמּה וְ ֣הוּא ׀ נִ ְשׁ ָﬠ֣ן ַﬠל־יָ ִ ֗די וְ ִ ֽה ְשׁ ַתּ ֲח ֵ֨ו‬ ִ ‫הו֖ה ְל ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֑דּ� ְבּ ֣בוֹא ֲאד ִֹנ֣י ֵב‬ ָ ְ‫ַל ָדּ ָ ֣בר ַה ֶ֔זּה יִ ְס ַ ֥לח י‬ ‫הו֥ה ְל ַﬠ ְב ְדּ�֖ ַבּ ָדּ ָ ֥בר ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫מּן יִ ְס ַלח־נא י‬ ֹ ֔ ‫תי ֵבּ֣ית ִר‬ ֙ ִ ‫מּן ְבּ ִה ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחוָ ָ֨י‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ֵבּ֣ית ִר‬ 5:18

‫ְבּבוֹא‬

Nine times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

1–5 Gen 42:15; Deut 31:11; 2 Kgs 5:18; 12:10; Ezek 46:8 (‫)וּבבוֹא‬ ְ 6–9 Ezek 46:9 (‫;)וּבבוֹא‬ ְ Ps 51:2; 52:2; Prov 18:3 —————————— ‫ ְבּבוֹא‬nine times plene

1–5

6–9

Gen 42:15 Deut 31:11 2 Kgs 5:18 2 Kgs 12:10 Ezek 46:8 Ezek 46:9 Ps 52:2 Ps 51:2 Prov 18:3

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫בבוא ̇ט‬

Mm

‫כי אם בבוא אחיהם‬ ‫בבוא כל ישראל‬ ‫לדבר הזה יסלח יהוה‬ ‫ויקב חר‬ [‫ובבוא )השמש( ]הנשיא‬ ‫עם הארץ‬ ‫דואג האדמי‬ ‫נתן הנביא‬ ‫בבוא רשע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) written defective ‫וּבבֹא( ו‬ ְ /‫) ְבּבֹא‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)בּבֹא‬, ְ has a tenth occurrence of this lemma at Ps 54:2 (‫;)בּבוֹא‬ ְ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 255. However, four of the Mp headings highlighted above (2 Kgs 12:10, Ps 51:2, Ps 52:2, and Prov 18:3), and the headings of both the Mp and Mm here, support the enumeration of nine inherent in the text of M. Notes on the other Mp headings. Gen 42:15

Deut 31:11

Eight times plene. This number appears to be incorrect. However, Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that this note deals only with occurrences without a ‫ ו‬cj., of which there are seven in the above list, and include as the eighth form Ps 54:2 (see above). Four times plene. More precisely it should have read four times plene in the Torah and Prophets (Gen 42:15, Deut 31:11; 2 Kgs 5:18 and 12:10).

2 KINGS Ezek 46:8 5:18 Unique 5:18

Four times (‫)וּבבוֹא‬. ְ Includes all four forms of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj.; two 46:9 that are plene ‫( ו‬Ezek 46:8 and 9), and two that are defective ‫( ו‬Exod 34:34 and Num 7:89); see the Mm notes at Exod 34:34, Num 7:89, and Ezek 46:8. ‫ְל ִה ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחוֹת ָשׁ ָמּה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ ִרמֹּן‬2

Nine times defective 1–5 6–9

75

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Exod 28:33 (‫;)רמֹּנֵ י‬ ִ 39:26a (‫ ;)וְ ִרמֹּן‬39:26b (‫ ;)וְ ִרמֹּן‬Num 33:19 (‫;)בּ ִרמֹּן‬ ְ 33:20 (‫)מ ִרמֹּן‬ ֵ b c 1 Kgs 15:18 (‫;)ט ְב ִרמֹּן‬ ַ 2 Kgs 5:18 ; 5:18 ; Cant 8:2 (‫ִ)רמֹּנִ י‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences in various forms written plene ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫)רמּוֹן‬. ִ

Three of the above highlighted Mp headings (Exod 39:26a, Num 33:19, and 2 Kgs 5:18b) read nine times defective.

The Mp heading at Exod 28:33 on ‫ ִרמֹּנֵ י‬reads twice, once plene (for ‫ ִרמּוֹנֵ י‬at Exod 39:24) and once defective (‫)רמֹּנֵ י‬, ִ and the Mp heading at 1 Kgs 15:18 on ‫ ַט ְב ִרמֹּן‬reads unique and defective for the sole occurrence of its particular form. In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the first ‫ ִרמּוֹן‬in this verse which, however, is written plene. 5:18

‫נא‬

Written but not read

‫כת ולא קרי‬ ̇

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of eight words that are written but not read; see the Mm at Jer 51:3 sub �ֹ ‫יִ ְדר‬, and at Ruth 3:12 sub ‫אם‬, ִ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §98, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §81.

‫‪76‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 5:19‬‬ ‫ת־א ֶרץ׃ ס‬ ‫אמר ל֖ וֹ ֵל֣� ְל ָשׁל֑ וֹם וַ יֵּ ֶ֥ל� ֵמ ִא ֖תּוֹ ִכּ ְב ַר ָ ֽ‬ ‫וַ ֥יּ ֹ ֶ‬

‫‪5:19‬‬

‫ת־א ֶרץ‬ ‫ִכּ ְב ַר ָ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪ (pausal),‬א ‪Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the‬‬ ‫ת־א ֶרץ( ‪to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a səḡôl‬‬ ‫)כּ ְב ַר ֶ‬ ‫‪ִ at Gen 48:7.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 5:20‬‬ ‫ם ִה ֵנּ֣ה ׀ ָח ַ ֣שׂ� ֲאד ֗ ִֹני ֶ ֽאת־נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֤מן ָ ֽה ֲא ַר ִמּ֙י ַה ֶ֔זּה ִמ ַ ֥קּ ַחת ִמיָּ ֖דוֹ ֵ ֣את ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ‫�הי ֒‬ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא ִ‬ ‫ָ‬ ‫ישׁע ִא‬ ‫יח ִ֗זי נַ ַﬠ ֮ר ֱא ִל ָ ֣‬ ‫אמר גֵּ ֲ‬ ‫וַ ֣יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫וּמה׃‬ ‫ם־ר ְצ ִתּי ַא ֲח ָ ֔ריו וְ ָל ַק ְח ִ ֥תּי ֵמ ִא ֖תּוֹ ְמ ֽא ָ‬ ‫י־א ַ ֣‬ ‫ֵה ִ ֑ביא ַחי־יְ הוָ ֙ה ִ ֽכּ ִ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪5:20‬‬

‫ָח ַשׂ�‬

‫‪Seven times‬‬

‫ז̇‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 25:39.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 5:21‬‬ ‫אמר ֲה ָשׁ ֽלוֹם׃‬ ‫אתוֹ וַ ֥יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫מן ָ ֣רץ ַא ֲח ָ ֔ריו וַ יִּ ֞ ֹפּל ֵמ ַ ֧ﬠל ַה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָ ֛בה ִל ְק ָר ֖‬ ‫יח ִז֖י ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ַנ ֲֽﬠ ָ ֑מן וַ יִּ ְר ֶ ֤אה ַנ ֲֽﬠ ָ ֙‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֥דּ ֹף גֵּ ֲ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וַ יִּ ְר ֶאה‬

‫‪5:21‬‬ ‫‪Five times‬‬

‫̇ה‬

‫)‪1–5 1 Sam 17:42; 2 Kgs 5:21; Ezek 18:14; 18:28; Job 42:16 (qərê‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬ ‫ויראה נעמן רץ אחריו‬ ‫ויראה ולא יעשה‬ ‫וישוב מכל פשעיו‬ ‫את דוד ויבזהו‬ ‫)ירא( ]וירא[ את בניו }ואת בניו{‬ ‫חס‬ ‫ואת בני בניו דאיוב ̇‬

‫——————————‬

‫ויראה ̇ה‬

‫‪ five times‬וַ יִּ ְר ֶאה‬

‫‪2 Kgs 5:21‬‬ ‫‪Ezek 18:14‬‬ ‫‪Ezek 18:28‬‬ ‫‪1 Sam 17:42‬‬ ‫)‪ of Job (Job 42:16‬וירא‬ ‫‪is defective‬‬

‫‪1–5‬‬

2 KINGS

77

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in its unapocopated form, to distinguish them from its vastly more numerous occurrences (100+) in its apocopated form (‫)וַ יַּ ְרא‬, one of which is in the kəṯîḇ form at Job 42:16.

In the catchwords for the Job 42:16 reference, the phrase ‫ וְ ֶאת ָבּנָ יו‬has mistakenly been added. At this reference, the kəṯîḇ form is ‫ וירא‬and the qərê form is ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֶאה‬, and the note indicates that the kəṯîḇ form is written defective (‫)ה‬, even though the qərê is the one required for the list.

2 KINGS 5:22 ‫יאים ְתּנָ ה־‬ ֑ ִ ‫מר֒ ִה ֵנּ֣ה ַﬠ ָ֡תּה ֶ֠זה ָבּ֣אוּ ֵא ַל֧י ְשׁ ֵנֽי־נְ ָﬠ ִ ֛רים ֵמ ַ ֥הר ֶא ְפ ַ ֖ריִ ם ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֹ ‫אמר ׀ ָשׁ ֗לוֹם ֲאד ֹנִ ֮י ְשׁ ָל ַ ֣חנִ י ֵלא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫וּשׁ ֵ ֖תּי ֲח ִל ֥פוֹת ְבּגָ ִ ֽדים׃‬ ְ ‫ר־כּ ֶסף‬ ֶ֔ ‫ָנּ֤א ָל ֶה ֙ם ִכּ ַכּ‬ 5:22

‫ֲח ִלפוֹת‬

Three times defective ‫י‬

̇‫חס י‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Gen 45:22a; 2 Kgs 5:22; 5:23

Mp

——————————

‫ ֲח ִלפוֹת‬three times written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫חלפות ̇ג‬

Gen 45:22a, first (occurrence) in the verse 2 Kgs 5:22 2 Kgs 5:23 And twice doubly defective (‫)ח ִלפֹת‬ ֲ Gen 45:22b Judg 14:12

Mm

‫דפסוק‬ ̇ ‫לכלם נתן קדמיה‬ ‫תנה נא להם ככר‬ ‫ויפרץ בו‬ ‫דחס‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ותרי‬ ‫)ולבנימין( ]ולבנימן[ נתן‬ ‫ויאמר להם שמשון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences written plene ‫)ח ִליפוֹת( י‬. ֲ

The Masorah also notes the two occurrences of this lemma written doubly defective (of the ‫י‬ and the ‫ )ו‬at Gen 45:22b and Judg 14:12. The additional note to the Gen 45:22 reference of the “first (occurrence) in the verse” illustrates both forms. The first one is written defective ‫)ח ִלפוֹת( י‬, ֲ whereas the second one is written doubly defective (‫)ח ִלפֹת‬. ֲ

78

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 5:23

‫ל־שׁ ֵנ֣י‬ ְ ‫תּן ֶא‬ ֙ ֵ ִ‫תּי ֲח ִל ֣פוֹת ְבּגָ ִ ֔דים וַ יּ‬ ֙ ֵ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫ץ־בּוֹ וַ יָּ ַצר֩ ִכּ ְכּ ַ ֨ריִ ם ֶ֜כּ ֶסף ִבּ ְשׁ ֵנ֣י ֲח ִר ִ֗טים‬ ֗ ‫הוֹאל ַ ֣קח ִכּ ָכּ ָ ֑ריִ ם וַ יִּ ְפ ָר‬ ֖ ֵ ‫אמר נַ ֲﬠ ָ֔מן‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫נְ ָﬠ ָ ֔ריו וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֖אוּ ְל ָפ ָנֽיו׃‬ 5:23

‫ֲח ִלפוֹת‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

‫אל שני ̇ג‬

Mm

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 5:22. 5:23

‫ל־שׁנֵ י‬ ְ ‫ֶא‬

‫ל־שׁנֵ י‬ ְ ‫ ֶא‬three times Exod 28:7 1 Sam 2:34 2 Kgs 5:23

‫)שני( ]שתי[ )כתפות( ]כתפת[ חברת יהיה‬ ‫וזה לך האות אשר יבא אל שני‬ ‫הואל קח ככרים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ְשׁנֵ י‬with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) with ‫) ַﬠל ְשׁנֵ י( ַﬠל‬.

2 KINGS 5:24 ‫ת־ה ֲאנָ ִ ֖שׁים וַ יֵּ ֵ ֽלכוּ׃‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֔עֹ ֶפל וַ יִּ ַ ֥קּח ִמיָּ ָ ֖דם וַ יִּ ְפ ֣קֹד ַבּ ָ ֑בּיִ ת וַ יְ ַשׁ ַ ֥לּח ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙א ֶא‬ 5:24 Unique

‫ָהע ֶֹפל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

1–3 2 Kgs 5:24; Neh 3:27; 2 Chr 27:3

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are three occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

MA has no note here, but MC reads unique and defective, but there are no plene forms of this lemma. 5:24

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

Com.: See Judg 2:6.

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬

‫‪79‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 5:25‬‬ ‫א־ה ַ ֥ל� ַﬠ ְב ְדּ�֖ ָ ֥אנֶ ה וָ ָ ֽאנָ ה׃‬ ‫אמר ֽל ֹ ָ‬ ‫ישׁע ֵמ ַ ֖אִן גֵּ ֲח ִז֑י וַ ֕יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ֱא ִל ָ֔‬ ‫ל־אד ֔ ָֹניו וַ ֤יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫מד ֶא ֲ‬ ‫הוּא־ב ֙א וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֣ ֹ‬ ‫ָ‬ ‫וְ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וְ הוּא‬

‫ראש פסו̇‬ ‫̇‬ ‫̇ל ̇ג‬

‫‪5:25‬‬

‫‪Thirty-three times at the beginning of a verse‬‬ ‫‪Com.: See 2 Sam 17:10.‬‬ ‫ֵמאִַן‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫מאין ̇ק‬

‫‪5:25‬‬

‫ֵמאַיִ ן ‪Read‬‬

‫‪),‬מאַיִ ן( ‪) and the qərê‬מאן( ‪Com.: The kəṯîḇ‬‬ ‫‪ֵ represent miscellaneous variations in forms with the‬‬ ‫‪same meaning; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 124.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ָאנֶ ה וָ ָאנָ ה‬

‫‪5:25‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫̇ג‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:36.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 5:26‬‬ ‫ת־ה ֶ֨כּ ֶס ֙ף וְ ָל ַ ֣ ק ַחת‬ ‫את� ַה ֞ ֵﬠת ָל ַ ֤ ק ַחת ֶא ַ‬ ‫�־אישׁ ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל ֶמ ְר ַכּ ְב ֖תּוֹ ִל ְק ָר ֶ ֑‬ ‫א־ל ִ ֣בּי ָה ֔ ַל� ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר ָ ֽה ַפ ִ ֛‬ ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ל ֹ ִ‬ ‫וַ ֤יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫וּשׁ ָפ ֽחוֹת׃‬ ‫וּב ָ ֔קר וַ ֲﬠ ָב ִ ֖דים ְ‬ ‫ים וְ ֣צ ֹאן ָ‬ ‫וּכ ָר ִמ ֙‬ ‫יתים ְ‬ ‫ְבּגָ ִ ֔דים וְ זֵ ִ ֤‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫את�‬ ‫ִל ְק ָר ֶ‬ ‫̇ד‬

‫‪5:26‬‬ ‫‪Four times‬‬

‫‪Exod 4:14; Num 20:18; 2 Kgs 5:26; Prov 7:15‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫לקראתך ̇ד‬

‫וגם הנה הוא יצא לקראתך‬ ‫פן בחרב אצא‬ ‫מעל מרכבתו לקראתך‬ ‫על כן יצאתי לקראתך‬

‫את�‬ ‫‪ִ four times‬ל ְק ָר ֶ‬

‫‪Exod 4:14‬‬ ‫‪Num 20:18‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 5:26‬‬ ‫‪Prov 7:15‬‬

80

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with səḡôl under the ‫ת‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a šəwâ (�‫את‬ ְ ‫)ל ְק ָר‬ ִ at Gen 32:7. The first two letters of the lemma heading appear to have been written over two original ‫ ב‬letters. 5:26

‫ַה ֵﬠת‬

‫ ַה ֵﬠת‬twice with paṯaḥ 2 Kgs 5:26 Hag 1:4

‫פת‬ ̇ ‫העת ̇ב‬

Mm

[‫לקחת )אתה כסף( ]את הכסף‬ ‫העת לכם אתם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫( ה‬the interrog. ‫)ה‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences of this form written with a qameṣ (‫ה ֵﬠת‬,ָ the def. article).

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65. 5:26

‫וְ ָל ַק ַחת‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 30:15; 43:18; 2 Kgs 5:26; Mal 2:13 ——————————

‫ וְ ָל ַק ַחת‬four times, and their references Gen 30:15 Gen 43:18 2 Kgs 5:26 Mal 2:13

(= ‫)דּוּד ֵאי‬ ָ (= ‫)יוֹסף‬ ֵ (= ‫)בּגָ ִדים‬ ְ (= ‫ָ)רצוֹן‬

‫ולקחת ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫יברוחוי‬ ‫דיוסף‬ ‫לבושין‬ ‫דרעווה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma without a daḡeš in the ‫( ת‬infin.), to distinguish them from its sole occurrence written with a daḡeš (‫וְ ָל ַק ַח ְתּ‬, perf. consec.) at 1 Kgs 14:3. The heading to the Mm at Gen 30:15 reads four times raṕê, that is, without daḡeš (in the ‫)ת‬.

The catchwords in the Mm are in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic, which reads as follows: “the mandrakes of Joseph are clothed of (= with) pleasure”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 81–82. The Hebrew catchwords are given in the Mm to Gen 30:15.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 205v, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the following folio 206r.

2 KINGS 5:26

81

‫וּכ ָר ִמים‬ ְ ‫יתים‬ ִ ֵ‫וְ ז‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in this order, to distinguish it from its two occurrences in the reverse order (‫יתים‬ ִ ֵ‫ ) ְכּ ָר ִמים וְ ז‬at Deut 6:11 and Josh 24:13. 5:26

‫וּב ָקר‬ ָ ‫וְ צֹאן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 12:38; 2 Kgs 5:26

—————————— ‫וּב ָקר‬ ָ ‫ וְ צֹאן‬twice Exod 12:38 2 Kgs 5:26

‫וצאן ובקר ̇ב‬

Mm

‫וגם ערב רב עלה אתם וצאן ובקר‬ ‫ויאמר אליו לא לבי הלך כאשר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫וּב ָקר‬ ָ with ‫וְ צ ֹאן‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) with ‫וּב ָקר( צֹאן‬ ָ ‫)צֹאן‬.

2 KINGS 5:27 ‫עוֹל֑ם וַ יֵּ ֵ ֥צא ִמ ְלּ ָפ ָנ֖יו ְמצ ָ ֹ֥רע ַכּ ָ ֽשּׁ ֶלג׃ ס‬ ָ ‫ק־בּ ֔� וּֽ ְבזַ ְר ֲﬠ� ְל‬ ְ ‫מן ִ ֽתּ ְד ַבּ‬ ֙ ָ ‫וְ ָצ ַ ֤ר ַﬠת ַנ ֲֽﬠ‬ 5:27 Unique

‫וְ ָצ ַר ַﬠת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with ‫ו‬, and once with ‫וְ ַה ָצּ ַר ַﬠת( וה‬, 2 Chr 26:19); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §9, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §9. 5:27

Unique

‫עוֹלם‬ ָ ‫וּבזַ ְר ֲﬠ� ְל‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list that shows the three different ways this lemma occurs, once as ‫ד־עוֹלם‬ ָ ‫וּלזַ ְר ֲﬠ� ַﬠ‬ ְ (Gen 13:15), once as ‫ד־עוֹלם‬ ָ ‫וּבזַ ְר ֲﬠ� ַﬠ‬ ְ (Deut 28:46), and once as ‫עוֹלם‬ ָ ‫( ְבזַ ְר ֲﬠ� ְל‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §268.

82

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 6:2 ‫אמר ֵ ֽלכוּ׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫שׁ ֶבת ָ ֑שׁם וַ ֖יּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ה־לּנוּ ָ ֛שׁם ָמ ֖קוֹם ָל‬ ֥ ָ ‫קוֹרה ֶא ָ֔חת וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ‬ ֣ ָ ‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵ ֗דּן וְ נִ ְק ָ ֤חה ִמ ָשּׁ ֙ם ִ ֚אישׁ‬ ַ ‫ה־נּ֣א ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ֵנ ְֽל ָכ‬

6:2

‫וְ נִ ְק ָחה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:3. 6:2

‫ֵלכוּ‬

Three times

Josh 2:16; 2 Kgs 6:2; Ezek 20:19

Com.: The Masorah notes these three occurrences of the pausal form ‫ ֵלכוּ‬, to distinguish them from its much more numerous occurrences (65x) of the regular imper. pl. ‫לכוּ‬.ְ In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the two words ‫אמר ֵלכוּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬, but this phrase only occurs this once.

2 KINGS 6:4 ‫אוּ ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֔דּנָ ה ַוֽ יִּ גְ זְ ֖רוּ ָה ֵﬠ ִ ֽצים׃‬ ֙ ֹ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֖ל� ִא ָ ֑תּם וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ 6:4

‫ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּנָ ה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 2:6.

Mp

2 KINGS 6:5 ‫אמר ֲא ָ ֥ההּ ֲאד ִֹנ֖י וְ ֥הוּא ָשׁ ֽאוּל׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ָ ֑מּיִ ם וַ יִּ ְצ ַ ֥ﬠק וַ ֛יּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַבּ ְר ֶז֖ל נָ ַפ֣ל ֶא‬ ַ ‫קּוֹרה וְ ֶא‬ ֔ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ָ ֽה ֶא ָח ֙ד ַמ ִ ֣פּיל ַה‬ 6:5 Twice

‫ַמ ִפּיל‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:5; Jer 38:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written without a ‫ ו‬cj. to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. at Dan 9:20.

2 KINGS 6:5

‫ָשׁאוּל‬

Twice in this meaning

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

83

Mp

1 Sam 1:28; 2 Kgs 6:5

——————————

‫ ָשׁאוּל‬twice, and their references

1 Sam 1:28 2 Kgs 6:5

‫שאול ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

[‫שאול ליהוה‬...‫)שאול ליהוה כל הימים( ]כל הימים‬ ‫מפיל הקורה ואת הברזל‬

And every name of a person similarly (has the same form)

‫ברנש דכותהון‬ ̇ ‫וכל שם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the meaning of borrowed, and the Mm additionally notes that the same form elsewhere is used to designate the name Saul.

2 KINGS 6:6 ‫�־שׁ ָמּה וַ יָּ ֶ֖צף ַה ַבּ ְר ֶזֽל׃‬ ָ֔ ‫ב־ﬠ ֙ץ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֶל‬ ֵ ‫ת־ה ָמּ ֔קוֹם וַ יִּ ְק ָצ‬ ַ ‫הוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫�הים ָ ֣אנָ ה נָ ָ ֑פל וַ יַּ ְר ֵ֨א‬ ֖ ִ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר ִא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 6:6

Twice

‫וַ יַּ ְר ֵאהוּ‬

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Deut 34:1; 2 Kgs 6:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the qal (‫ )וַ יִּ ְר ֵאהוּ‬at Judg 19:3.

2 KINGS 6:8 ‫�ני ַא ְלמ ִֹנ֖י ַתּ ֲחנ ִ ֹֽתי׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫ל־מ ֛קוֹם ְפּ‬ ְ ‫מר ֶא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ל־ﬠ ָב ָ ֣דיו ֵלא‬ ֲ ‫וּמ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֔רם ָה ָי֥ה נִ ְל ָ ֖חם ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יִּ וָּ ַﬠ ֙ץ ֶא‬ ֶ֣ 6:8

‫אַלמֹנִ י‬ ְ ‫ְפּ�נִ י‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 21:3. 6:8

Unique

‫ַתּ ֲחנ ִֹתי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

84

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 6:10

‫�הים וְ ִהזְ ִהי ֖ר ֹה וְ נִ ְשׁ ַ ֣מר ָ ֑שׁם ֥ל ֹא ַא ַ ֖חת וְ ֥ל ֹא ְשׁ ָ ֽתּיִ ם׃‬ ֛ ִ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ָמּ ֞קוֹם ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָ ֽא ַמר־ל֧ וֹ ִא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֞ ַלח ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ֶ ֽא‬ 6:10

‫וְ ִהזְ ִהיר ֹה‬

Read ‫וְ ְהזְ ִהירוֹ‬

‫והזהירו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )והזהירה‬contains the older masc. sg ending ḥolem ‫ ה‬whereas the qərê (‫)וְ ְהזְ ִהירוֹ‬ contains the later masc sg. sfx. in ‫ ;ו‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 93. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words ending in a ‫ ה‬but read as a ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Lev 21:5 sub ‫יִ ְק ְר ֻחה‬, and the Mm at Lam 4:17 sub ‫עוֹדינֻ ה‬. ֵ MC, as ML, has a kəṯîḇ/qərê here, but MA reads unique and written (with) ‫ה‬. 6:10

Unique

‫וְ נִ ְשׁ ַמר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at 2 Sam 20:10. Com.: In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 6:11 �‫ל־מ ֶל‬ ֥ ֶ ‫לוֹא ַתּ ִגּ֣ידוּ ֔ ִלי ִ ֥מי ִמ ֶשּׁ ָ ֖לּנוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יהם ֲה‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ﬠ ָב ָד ֙יו וַ ֣יּ‬ ֲ ‫ל־ה ָדּ ָ ֖בר ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֤רא ֶא‬ ַ ‫�־א ָ ֔רם ַﬠ‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵﬠ ֙ר ֵל֣ב ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 6:11 Unique 6:11

‫וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵﬠר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ַﬠל‬

Fourteen verses having the sequence ‫ ֶאל‬...‫ ֶאל‬...‫ַﬠל‬

1–5 6–10 11–14

‫פסוק על אל אל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 19:20; 25:20; 37:9; Lev 17:5; Josh 17:7 Josh 18:9; Judg 19:22; 2 Kgs 6:11; Isa 18:2; Ezek 43:20 (‫וְ ֶאל‬...‫וְ ֶאל‬...‫) ַﬠל‬ Ezek 46:19; 1 Chr 11:15; 19:2; Neh 2:5

2 KINGS

85

Com.: The Masorah notes the fourteen verses containing the sequence ‫ ֶאל‬...‫ ֶאל‬...‫ ַﬠל‬or ‫וְ ֶאל‬...‫וְ ֶאל‬...‫ ; ַﬠל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §350, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §158B. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 6:11

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ז̇ מל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 6:12 ‫ת־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֔רים‬ ַ֨ ‫יד ְל ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֶא‬ ֙ ִ‫שׁר ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל יַ גּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יא ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ישׁע ַהנָּ ִב‬ ֤ ָ ‫י־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫אמ ֙ר ַא ַ ֣חד ֵ ֽמ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֔דיו ל֖ וֹא ֲאד ִֹנ֣י ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� ִ ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְתּ ַד ֵ ֖בּר ַבּ ֲח ַ ֥דר ִמ ְשׁ ָכּ ֶ ֽב�׃‬ 6:12

‫לוֹא‬

Thirty-five times plene

Com.: See 1 Sam 19:4.

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל ̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 6:13 ‫מר ִה ֵנּ֥ה ְבד ָ ֹֽתן׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫אוּ ֵאי ֣כֹה ֔הוּא וְ ֶא ְשׁ ַל֖ח וְ ֶא ָקּ ֵ ֑חהוּ וַ יֻּ גַּ ד־ל֥ וֹ ֵלא‬ ֙ ‫אמר ְל ֤כוּ ְוּר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ 6:13 Unique

‫ֵאיכֹה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ḥolem (‫איכֹה‬, ֵ where?) to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (18x) with a qameṣ (‫יכה‬ ָ ‫א‬, ֵ how?). 6:13

Unique

‫וְ ֶא ְשׁ ַלח‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וָ ֶא ְשׁ ַלח‬. 6:13

Unique

‫וְ ֶא ָקּ ֵחהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

86

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

6:13

‫ְבד ָֹתן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 37:17; 2 Kgs 6:13

2 KINGS 6:14 ‫ל־ה ִ ֽﬠיר׃‬ ָ ‫סוּסים וְ ֶ ֖ר ֶכב וְ ַ ֣חיִ ל ָכּ ֵ ֑בד וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ ֔ ַליְ ָלה וַ יַּ ִ ֖קּפוּ ַﬠ‬ ֥ ִ ‫ח־שׁ ָמּה‬ ֛ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל‬ 6:14

‫ָשׁ ָמּה‬

Ten times when ‫ ָשׁ ָמּה‬is the second word in a verse 1–5 6–10

‫ראש פסוק ומלא אחר שמה‬ ̇ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Gen 29:3; Exod 29:43; Deut 4:42; 12:6; Josh 20:3 Judg 18:15; 2 Kgs 6:14; 9:2; Ezek 11:18; Ps 122:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences when the adverb ‫ ָשׁ ָמּה‬follows the first word in a verse; see also Frensdorff, Ochlah, §338.

The phrase ‫ ומלא אחר‬stands for ‫ ומילה אחריתא‬and the last (= second) word. At Gen 29:3, 2 Kgs 9:2, and Ezek 11:18 the circellus has been placed between the first word and ‫שׁ ָמּה‬. ָ 6:14

‫וַ יַּ ִקּפוּ‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading of unique defective (‫ )י‬is inexact since there is no occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫י‬. The note more precisely should have read unique and defective. However, the form without the ‫ ו‬consec. is written plene ‫ )יַ ִקּיפוּ( י‬at Ps 17:9. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 6:14

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬seventeen times

1–5

Gen 34:25 Deut 20:20 Judg 9:33 2 Sam 12:28 1 Kgs 20:12

̇‫על העיר י̇ ז‬

Mm ‫כאבים‬ ‫מצור‬ ‫כזרח‬ ‫וחנה‬ ‫בסכות‬

2 KINGS 6–10

11–15

16–17

2 Kgs 6:14 2 Kgs 10:5 2 Kgs 24:11 2 Kgs 25:4 And its companion (Jer 52:7) Jer 22:8 Jer 37:8 Jer 32:29 Jer 26:20 Ezek 10:2 Neh 11:9 Neh 13:18

And likewise every instance of ‫נּוֹתי‬ ִ ַ‫וְ ג‬ apart from one (‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫)א‬: ֶ of Kings (2 Kgs 19:34)

87

‫ויקפו‬ ‫והאמנים‬ ‫נבוכדנאצר‬ ‫ותבקע‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫ועברו‬ ‫ונלחמו‬ ‫הנלחמים‬ ‫וגם איש‬ ‫וזרק‬ ‫ויואל‬ ‫כה עשו‬ ‫וכל וגנותי‬ ‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫דמלכים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ﬠ‬, ַ to distinguish them from its slightly more numerous occurrences (21x) with the prep. ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר( ֶאל‬ ָ ‫)א‬. ֶ

This distinction is implied in the additional notation that the verbal form ‫נּוֹתי‬ ִ ַ‫ וְ ג‬also occurs with the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬with one exception, that of 2 Kgs 19:34, where it occurs with ‫ֶאל‬ (‫נּוֹתי ֶאל ָה ִﬠיר‬ ִ ַ‫)וְ ג‬.

2 KINGS 6:17 ‫ת־ﬠ ֵינ֣י ַה ֔ ַנּ ַﬠר וַ ַ֗יּ ְרא וְ ִה ֨ ֵנּה ָה ָ֜הר ָמ ֨ ֵלא‬ ֵ ‫ת־ﬠ ָינ֖יו וְ יִ ְר ֶ ֑אה וַ יִּ ְפ ַ ֤ קח יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ ֵ ‫ח־נ֥א ֶא‬ ָ ‫הוה ְפּ ַק‬ ָ֕ ְ‫אמר י‬ ַ֔ ֹ ‫ישׁ ֙ע וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּ֤ל ֱא ִל‬ ‫ישׁע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫סוּסים וְ ֶ ֛ר ֶכב ֵ ֖אשׁ ְס ִבי ֥בֹת ֱא ִל‬ ִ֥ 6:17 Unique

‫וְ יִ ְר ֶאה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (47x) without a cj.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with ‫ר‬, and once with ‫ ;ד‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §7, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §7.

88

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

6:17

‫ְס ִביבֹת‬

Unique defective in the Prophets

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the Prophets written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in the Prophets that are written plene ‫)ס ִביבוֹת( ו‬. ְ

2 KINGS 6:18 ‫ישׁע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫גּוֹי־ה ֶזּ֖ה ַבּ ַסּנְ וֵ ִ ֑רים וַ יַּ ֵ ֥כּם ַבּ ַסּנְ וֵ ִ ֖רים ִכּ ְד ַ ֥בר ֱא ִל‬ ַ ‫ת־ה‬ ַ ‫�־נ֥א ֶא‬ ָ ‫אמר ַה‬ ַ֔ ֹ ‫ישׁע ֶאל־יְ הוָ ֙ה וַ יּ‬ ֤ ָ ‫דוּ ֵא ָליו֒ וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֨ ֵלּל ֱא ִל‬ ֮ ‫וַ יֵּ ְר‬ 6:18

‫ַה�־נָ א‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

In ML the circellus has been placed only on �‫ ַה‬but since that form occurs four times, it is most likely that the note refers to the phrase ‫ ַה�־נָ א‬which only occurs this once; see also Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 6:18

‫ ַבּ ַסּנְ וֵ ִרים‬2

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Gen 19:11; 2 Kgs 6:18a; 6:18b

2 KINGS 6:19 ‫שׁר ְתּ ַב ֵקּ ֑שׁוּן‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ה ִ ֖אישׁ ֲא‬ ָ ‫יכה ֶא ְת ֶ֔כם ֶא‬ ָ ‫אוֹל‬ ֣ ִ ְ‫ישׁע ֣ל ֹא ֶז֣ה ַה ֶדּ ֶר ֮� וְ ֣ל ֹא ֹ֣זה ָה ִﬠיר֒ ְל ֣כוּ ַא ֲח ַ ֔רי ו‬ ָ֗ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֜הם ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫אוֹתם שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹנָ ה׃‬ ֖ ָ �‫וַ ֹ֥יּ ֶל‬ 6:19

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Thirteen times defective in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:16. 6:19

Ten times 1–5 6–10

‫זֹה‬ ̇‫י‬

Mp

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:19; Ezek 40:45; Hos 7:16 (‫ ;)זוֹ‬Ps 132:12 (‫ ;)זוֹ‬Qoh 2:2 Qoh 2:24; 5:15; 5:18; 7:23; 9:13

2 KINGS

89

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma written with ‫ ה‬and ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) written as ‫זֹאת‬.

The Mp headings at Hos 7:16 and Ps 132:12, both of which have forms of ‫זוֹ‬, correctly read twice written with ‫ו‬.

In ML the circellus has been placed between this word and the preceding word ‫ וְ ל ֹא‬but it belongs on this one. 6:19

Unique

‫ְתּ ַב ֵקּשׁוּן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a paragogic ‫ ;נ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §75. 6:19

�‫וַ יּ ֶֹל‬

�‫ וַ יּ ֶֹל‬four times, three defective and one plene Exod 14:21 (�‫יּוֹל‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬ ) 2 Kgs 6:19 2 Kgs 25:20 And its companion (Jer 52:26)

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וילך ̇ד ̇ג חסירין וחד‬

Mm

‫את הים‬ ‫שמרונה‬ ‫נבוזראדן‬ ‫וחבירו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a səḡôl, three times written defective ‫( ו‬2 Kgs 6:19, 25:20, and Jer 52:26), and once written plene ‫( ו‬Exod 14:21).

In the Mm at Exod 14:21, there is an additional note that this form occurs once with a paṯaḥ (�‫ )וַ יּ ַֹל‬at Lam 3:2. 6:19

Three times

‫שׁ ְֹמרוֹנָ ה‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:43.

90

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 6:20

‫יהם וַ יִּ ְר ֕אוּ וְ ִה ֵנּ֖ה‬ ֶ֔ ֵ‫ת־ﬠ֣ינ‬ ֵ ‫ֽי־א ֶלּה וְ יִ ְר ֑אוּ וַ יִּ ְפ ַ ֤ קח יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ת־ﬠ ֵינ‬ ֵ ‫הוה ְפּ ַ ֥ קח ֶא‬ ָ֕ ְ‫ישׁע י‬ ָ֔ ‫אמר ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יְ ִה֮י ְכּב ָ ֹ֣אם שׁ ְֹמרוֹן֒ וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ְבּ ֥תוֹ� שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ 6:20

‫ְכּב ָֹאם‬

Twice, once defective, and once plene 2 Kgs 6:20; Jer 41:7 (‫בוֹאם‬ ָ ‫)כּ‬ ְ

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) written with a ‫ ְבּב ָֹאם( ב‬/‫בוֹאם‬ ָ ‫) ְבּ‬. 6:20

‫וְ יִ ְראוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:20; Ps 52:8; 86:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (48x) with a ‫ ו‬consec (‫)וַ יִּ ְראוּ‬.

Since there are two other occurrences of this lemma at Isa 59:19 (written plene second ‫ י‬in ML [‫ ]וְ יִ ְיראוּ‬but written defective in M [‫ ;]וְ יִ ְראוּ‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 160), and at Mic 7:17, it seems that the Masorah is here making an unusual semantic distinction between identical forms. The forms in this note are derived from the verb ‫ ָר ָאה‬to see, whereas the forms at Isa 59:19 and Mic 7:17 are derived from the verb ‫ יָ ֵרא‬to fear.

2 KINGS 6:21 ‫אוֹתם ַה ַא ֶ ֥כּה ַא ֶכּ֖ה ָא ִ ֽבי׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫ישׁע ִכּ ְרא ֹ֖תוֹ‬ ָ֔ ‫ל־א ִל‬ ֱ ‫אמר ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 6:21

‫ִכּ ְראֹתוֹ‬

Twice defective

2 Kgs 6:21; 23:29

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 KINGS

91

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written plene ‫)כּ ְראוֹתוֹ( ו‬ ִ at Gen 44:31 and Judg 11:35.

The Mp heading at 2 Kgs 23:29 of twice, once defective (‫ )ו‬is incorrect since both forms are written defective ‫ ו‬as correctly indicated in the heading of the Mp here, and in the Mm heading at 2 Kgs 23:29. 6:21

‫אוֹתם‬ ָ

Nine times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:25.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 KINGS 6:22 ‫אכ ֙לוּ וְ יִ ְשׁ ֔תּוּ וְ יֵ ְל ֖כוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם וְ ֽי‬ ֶ֗ ֵ‫ים ֨ ֶל ֶחם וָ ַ֜מיִ ם ִל ְפנ‬ ֩ ‫ית ְבּ ַח ְר ְבּ�֥ וּֽ ְב ַק ְשׁ ְתּ�֖ ַא ָ ֣תּה ַמ ֶכּ֑ה ִשׂ‬ ָ ‫אמ ֙ר ֣ל ֹא ַת ֶ֔כּה ַה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָשׁ ִ ֛ב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֵ‫ל־אד ֹנ‬ ֲ ‫ֶא‬ 6:22

�‫ְבּ ַח ְר ְבּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Josh 24:12; 2 Kgs 6:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without this preposition 6:22

Five times

‫ַמ ֶכּה‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 Exod 2:11; 7:17; 2 Kgs 6:22; Isa 14:6; Ezek 7:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a səḡôl, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences with a qameṣ (‫מ ָכּה‬, ַ 17x), or with a ṣerê (‫מ ֵכּה‬, ַ 12x).

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at Exod 2:11, which reads five times with səḡôl (‫)ה‬, ֶ thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel under the ‫כ‬, which could be either a qameṣ or a ṣerê.

92 6:22

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ִשׂים‬

Twenty-two times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 24:2; 31:37; 47:29; 48:18; Josh 7:19 Josh 8:2; Judg 18:19; 1 Sam 9:23; 9:24; 2 Sam 14:7 (qərê) 2 Kgs 6:22; Jer 38:12; 39:12; Ezek 6:2; 13:17 Ezek 21:2; 21:7; 21:24; 25:2; 28:21 Ezek 29:2; 35:2; 38:2; 44:5; Obad 4 Job 20:4; 40:32; Dan 3:29; 4:3; 6:27 Ezra 4:19; 5:17; 6:8; 6:11; 7:13 Ezra 7:21

Com.: The Mp’s heading here of twenty-two is incorrect since there are thirty-six occurrences of this lemma.

Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the twenty-two consist of occurrences only in the Prophets and Writings with all (= 11) occurrences in Ezekiel taken as one reference. The Mp at Job 20:4 reads twice, correctly counting the two occurrences in that book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 6:22

‫וְ יִ ְשׁתּוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁתּוּ‬, one of which occurs in v. 23. 6:22

‫וְ יֵ ְלכוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 6:22; 17:27

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, a jussive with a ‫ ו‬cj, written with a šəwâ under the ‫ל‬, to disinguish them from the two occurrences of this form in pause written with a ṣerê under the ‫ ל‬at 1 Sam 30:22 and Job 38:35. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with a ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68.

2 KINGS

93

2 KINGS 6:23 ‫דוּד֣י ֲא ָ ֔רם ָל ֖בוֹא ְבּ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ‬ ֵ ְ‫עוֹד גּ‬ ֙ ‫א־י ְ֤ספוּ‬ ָ ֹ ‫יהם וְ ֽל‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫ל־א ֽד ֹנ‬ ֲ ‫אכ ֙לוּ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֔תּוּ ַוֽ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֵ֔חם וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫דוֹלה וַ ֽיּ‬ ָ ֗ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְכ ֶ ֨רה ָל ֶ֜הם ֵכּ ָ ֣רה ג‬ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ 6:23

‫וְ לֹא־יָ ְספוּ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 8:28.

Mp

2 KINGS 6:24 ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֑הוּ וַ ַ֕יּ ַﬠל וַ יָּ ַ֖צר ַﬠל־שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫�־א ָ ֖רם ֶא‬ ֲ ‫ן־ה ַ ֥דד ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֲ ‫י־כן וַ יִּ ְק ֛בֹּץ ֶבּ‬ ֵ֔ ‫ַוֽ יְ ִה֙י ַא ֲח ֵר‬ 6:24 Unique

‫ל־מ ֲחנֵ הוּ‬ ַ ‫ָכּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a cj. (‫ל־מ ֲחנֵ הוּ‬ ַ ‫ )וְ ָכ‬at 2 Kgs 5:15.

2 KINGS 6:25 ‫מוֹר ִבּ ְשׁמ ִֹנ֣ים ֶ֔כּ ֶסף וְ ֛ר ֹ ַבע ַה ַ ֥קּב ִח ְרייוֹ ִ ֖נים‬ ֙ ‫אשׁ־ח‬ ֲ ֹ ‫֑יה ַ ֣ﬠד ֱהי֤ וֹת ר‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ֨הי ָר ָ ֤ﬠב גָּ דוֹל֙ ְבּ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן וְ ִה ֵנּ֖ה ָצ ִ ֣רים ָﬠ ֶל‬ ‫ה־כ ֶסף׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ַבּ ֲח ִמ ָשּׁ‬ 6:25

‫ִח ְרייוֹנִ ים‬

Read ‫ִדּ ְביוֹנִ ים‬

‫דביונים ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)חרייונים‬, and the qərê (‫ ִ)דּ ְביוֹנִ ים‬are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where the reader is enjoined to substitute the kəṯîḇ because it was thought to be too coarse; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 86.

The kəṯîḇ contains the phrase ‫ ֲח ֵרי יוֹנִ ים‬, doves’ dung (a plant = carob), whereas the qərê reads ‫דּ ְביוֹנִ ים‬,ִ another word for the carob plant known as doves’ dung; see Held, “Studies,” 395–98.

94

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 6:26 ‫יﬠה ֲאד ִ ֹ֥ני ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ֖ ִ ‫מר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ל־הח ָ ֹ֑מה וְ ִא ָ֗שּׁה ָצ ֲﬠ ָ ֤ קה ֵא ָל ֙יו ֵלא‬ ַ ‫הי ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ע ֵ ֹ֖בר ַﬠ‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬

6:26

‫ַהח ָֹמה‬

Six times defective

Com.: See 2 Kgs 3:27. 6:26

‫וְ ִא ָשּׁה‬

Twenty-two times

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 27:11.

Mp

2 KINGS 6:27 ‫ן־היָּ ֶֽ קב׃‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ֹ֖גּ ֶרן ֥אוֹ ִמ‬ ַ ‫וֹשׁ ֵיﬠ֑� ֲה ִמ‬ ִ ‫הוה ֵמ ַ ֖איִ ן ֽא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ל־יוֹשׁ ֵﬠ֣� י‬ ִ ‫אמ ֙ר ַא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 6:27

�‫יוֹשׁ ֵﬠ‬ ִ

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫י‬.

In ML this lemma was originally written plene ‫ י‬as there is a space between the ‫ שׂ‬and the ‫ע‬, and some traces of an original ‫ י‬can still be seen. 6:27

Three times

‫ֲה ִמן‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 3:11; Num 20:10; 2 Kgs 6:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (600+) without this interrogative.

2 KINGS

95

2 KINGS 6:28 ‫ֹאכל‬ ֥ ַ ‫ת־בּ ִנ֖י נ‬ ְ ‫ֹאכ ֶל֣נּוּ ַהיּ֔ וֹם וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ת־בּנֵ ֙� וְ נ‬ ְ ‫אמר ָה ִא ָ֨שּׁה ַה ֜זּ ֹאת ָא ְמ ָ ֣רה ֵא ֗ ַלי ְתּ ִנ֤י ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ה־לּ֑� וַ ֗תּ‬ ָ ‫ר־להּ ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ַמ‬ ֥ ָ ‫אמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֽיּ‬ ‫ָמ ָ ֽחר׃‬ 6:28

‫ֹאכ ֶלנּוּ‬ ְ ‫וְ נ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

6:28

‫ת־בּנִ י‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 6:28; 6:29

Mp

Mp

2 Sam 14:16; 2 Kgs 6:28

——————————

‫ת־בּנִ י‬ ְ ‫ וְ ֶא‬twice, and their references 2 Sam 14:16 2 Kgs 6:28

‫ואת בני ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫להשמיד )את יואב( ]אתי[ ואת בני יחד‬ ‫ונאכלנו היום‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 6:29 ‫ת־בּ ָנֽהּ׃‬ ְ ‫אכ ֔ ֶלנּוּ וַ ַתּ ְח ִ ֖בּא ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־בּנֵ ֙� וְ ֣נ‬ ְ ‫יה ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ָה ַא ֵ֗חר ְתּ ִנ֤י ֶא‬ ָ ‫אכ ֵל֑הוּ וָ א ַֹ֨מר ֵא ֜ ֶל‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־בּ ִנ֖י וַ ֽנּ‬ ְ ‫וַ נְּ ַב ֵ ֥שּׁל ֶא‬ 6:29 Unique

‫אַחר‬ ֵ ‫ַבּיּוֹם ָה‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, a def. on the next day, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence as an indef. ‫אַחר‬ ֵ ‫ ְבּיוֹם‬, on another day, at 2 Sam 18:20. 6:29

Three times

‫אַחר‬ ֵ ‫ָה‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:29; 2 Chr 3:11; 3:12 ——————————

96

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫אַחר‬ ֵ ‫ ָה‬three times

‫האחר ̇ג‬

2 Kgs 6:29 2 Chr 3:11 2 Chr 3:12

Mm

‫ואמר אליה ביום האחר‬ ‫מגיע לכנף הכרוב‬ [‫דבקה לכנף הכרוב )האחד( ]האחר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrrences of this lemma with a ‫ר‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100x) written with a ‫)ה ֶא ָחד( ד‬. ָ The Mp headings at 2 Chr 3:11 and 3:12 supports this distinction by noting that the three occurrences of this lemma are written with a ‫) ̇ג בריש( ר‬. 6:29

‫וַ ַתּ ְח ִבּא‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

2 KINGS 6:31 ‫ן־שׁ ָ ֛פט ָﬠ ָל֖יו ַהיּֽ וֹם׃‬ ָ ‫ישׁע ֶבּ‬ ֧ ָ ‫מד ֣ר ֹאשׁ ֱא ִל‬ ֹ ֞ ‫יוֹסף ִ ֽאם־יַ ֲﬠ‬ ֑ ִ ‫�הים וְ ֣כֹה‬ ֖ ִ ‫ה־לּי ֱא‬ ֥ ִ ‫אמר ֽכֹּה־יַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬ 6:31

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ִלּי ֱא‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Judg 1:7.

Mp

2 KINGS 6:32 ‫יתוֹ וְ ַהזְּ ֵק ִנ֖ים י ְֹשׁ ִ ֣בים ִא ֑תּוֹ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֨ ַלח ִ֜אישׁ ִמ ְלּ ָפ ֗ ָניו ְבּ ֶ ֣ט ֶרם יָ ב ֹ ֩א ַה ַמּ ְל ָ֨א� ֵא ֜ ָליו וְ ֣הוּא ׀ ָא ַ ֣מר ֶאל־‬ ֔ ‫ישׁ ֙ע י ֵ ֹ֣שׁב ְבּ ֵב‬ ָ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ‫וּל ַח ְצ ֶ ֤תּם‬ ְ ‫אשׁי ְר ֣אוּ ׀ ְכּ ֣ב ֹא ַה ַמּ ְל ָ֗א� ִסגְ ֤רוּ ַה ֶ ֨דּ ֶל ֙ת‬ ִ֔ ֹ ‫ן־ה ְמ ַר ֵצּ ַ֤� ַהזֶּ ֙ה ְל ָה ִ ֣סיר ֶאת־ר‬ ֽ ַ ‫י־שׁ ֞ ַלח ֶבּ‬ ָ ‫ית ֙ם ִ ֽכּ‬ ֶ ‫ַהזְּ ֵק ֗ ִנים ַה ְרּ ִא‬ ‫ֹתוֹ ַבּ ֶ ֔דּ ֶלת ֲה ֗לוֹא ֛קוֹל ַרגְ ֵ ֥לי ֲאד ָֹנ֖יו ַא ֲח ָ ֽריו׃‬ ֙ ‫א‬ 6:32

‫ישׁע‬ ָ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬

Twenty-six verses in which there are all ‫̇כו̇ פסוק אית בהון אלף בית‬ the letters of the alphabet

Mp

2 KINGS 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26

97

Exod 16:16; Deut 4:34; Josh 23:13; 2 Kgs 4:39; 6:32 2 Kgs 7:8; Isa 5:25; 66:17; Jer 22:3; 32:29 Ezek 17:9; 38:12; Hos 10:8; 13:2; Amos 9:13 Zeph 3:8; Zech 6:11; Qoh 4:8; Esth 3:13; Dan 2:45 Dan 3:22; 4:20; 7:19; Ezra 7:28; Neh 3:7 2 Chr 26:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-six verses in which all letters of the alphabet appear; see Ginsburg, 2, ‫פ‬, §227. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 6:32

‫ִמ ְלּ ָפנָ יו‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

Mp

‫̇ח‬

2 Kgs 5:27; 6:32; Qoh 3:14; 8:12; Esth 1:19 Esth 4:8; Dan 11:22; 1 Chr 16:30

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (23x) of its parallel form ‫מ ָפּנָ יו‬. ִ This distinction is implied in the Mm of 1 Chr 16:30 where there is an addition of Psalms to the catchword of the 1 Chr 16:30 reference, to distinguish this reference from its parallel passage in Ps 96:9, where the lemma appears as ‫מ ָפּנָ יו‬. ִ 6:32

‫יתם‬ ֶ ‫ַה ְרּ ִא‬

‫יתם‬ ֶ ‫ ַה ְרּ ִא‬three times, and their references 1 Sam 10:24 1 Sam 17:25 2 Kgs 6:32

‫הראיתם ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫אשר בחר בו יהוה‬ [‫הראיתם האיש )העולה( ]העלה‬ ‫הראיתם כי שלח בן המרצח הזה להסיר את ראשי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three unusual occurrences of the interrog. ‫ ה‬followed by a daḡeš in the letter ‫ ;ר‬see GKC, §100l. 6:32

‫ְכּבֹא‬

Six times and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of six times and defective (implying that there are no other occurrences of the lemma written plene) is inaccurate. More precisely it should have read, just six times defective; see 1 Kgs 22:36. Both MC and MA correctly read here six times defective.

98

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

6:32

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS 6:33 ‫יהו֖ה ֽﬠוֹד׃ ס‬ ָ ‫ה־אוֹחיל ַל‬ ִ֥ ‫הוה ָ ֽמ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ֽה־ז ֹאת ָ ֽה ָר ָﬠ ֙ה ֵמ ֵ ֣את י‬ ֤ ‫אמר ִה ֵנּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫עוֹד ֙נּוּ ְמ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ִﬠ ָ֔מּם וְ ִה ֵנּ֥ה ַה ַמּ ְל ָ ֖א� י ֵ ֹ֣רד ֵא ָל֑יו וַ ֗יּ‬ ֶ֨ 6:33

‫אוֹחיל‬ ִ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:32; Lam 3:21; 3:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma without the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with the cohortative (‫א ִֹח ָילה‬/‫)אוֹח ָילה‬. ִ

2 KINGS 7:2 ‫בּוֹת ַבּ ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם ֲהיִ ְה ֶי֖ה‬ ֙ ‫הוה ע ֶ ֹ֤שׂה ֲא ֻר‬ ָ֗ ְ‫אמר֒ ִה ֵנּ֣ה י‬ ַ ֹ ‫ים וַ יּ‬ ֮ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ת־אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֣ ִ ‫ר־ל ֶמּ ֶל�֩ נִ ְשׁ ֨ ָﬠן ַﬠל־יָ ֜דוֹ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ַ֣ﬠן ַה ָשּׁ ֡ ִלישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ֹאכל׃ ס‬ ֽ ֵ ‫וּמ ָ ֖שּׁם ֥ל ֹא ת‬ ִ �‫אמר ִהנְּ ָכ֤ה ר ֶֹא ֙ה ְבּ ֵﬠ ֔ ֶיני‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ַה ָדּ ָ ֣בר ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ ֗יּ‬ 7:2

‫ִהנְּ ָכה‬

Unique plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which the final ‫ ך‬is written as ‫;כה‬ see 1 Kgs 18:10, the Mm at Num 22:33 sub �‫א ְֹת‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §92, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §74. 7:2

‫וּמ ָשּׁם‬ ִ

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 2:10; 11:9; Num 21:16; Deut 30:4; Josh 19:13 2 Kgs 2:25; 7:2; 7:19

——————————

2 KINGS ‫וּמ ָשּׁם‬ ִ eight times 1–5

6–8

‫ומשם ̇ח‬

99

Mm

Gen 2:10 Gen 11:9 Num 21:16 Deut 30:4 Josh 19:13 2 Kgs 2:25 2 Kgs 7:2 And its companion (2 Kgs 7:19)

‫יפרד והיה לארבעה‬ ‫הפיצם יהוה‬ ‫בארה )היא( ]הוא[ הבאר‬ ‫יקחך‬ ‫עבר‬ ‫שב שמרון‬ ‫ומשם לא תאכל‬ ‫וחבירו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) without a cj. 7:2

‫ֹאכל‬ ֵ ‫ת‬

Seventeen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

Mp

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Gen 2:16; Lev 22:12; 22:13; Deut 12:27; 15:23 Deut 20:19; 2 Sam 22:9; 2 Kgs 7:2; 7:19; Isa 9:17 Ezek 12:18; 24:17; Ps 18:9; 50:3; 128:2 Prov 31:27; Job 31:12

——————————

‫ֹאכל‬ ֵ ‫ ת‬seventeen times, and their references 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–17

Gen 2:16 Lev 22:12 Lev 22:13 Deut 12:27 Deut 15:23 Deut 20:19 2 Sam 22:9 2 Kgs 7:2 2 Kgs 7:19 Isa 9:17 Ezek 12:18 Ezek 24:17 Job 31:12 Prov 31:27

Ps 50:3 Ps 128:2

‫ויצו‬ ‫ובת‬ ‫ובת‬ ‫ועשית‬ ‫את דמו‬ ‫כי תצור‬ ‫עלה‬ ‫השליש‬ ‫השליש‬ ‫בערה‬ ‫לחמך‬ ‫האנק דם‬ ‫אש‬ ‫צופיה‬ [‫)ובא( ]יבא‬ ‫יגיע‬

‫תאכל י̇ ז̇ וסימנהון‬

Mm

100

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ṣerê, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (35x) pointed with a paṯaḥ (‫ֹאכל‬ ַ ‫)תּ‬.

Although the Mm here has the correct heading of seventeen times only sixteen catchwords have been listed, with Ps 18:9 being omitted.

2 KINGS 7:3 ‫ד־מ ְתנוּ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ל־ר ֔ ֵﬠהוּ ָ֗מה ֲא ַנ ְ֛חנוּ י ְֹשׁ ִ ֥בים ֹ֖פּה ַﬠ‬ ֵ ‫רוּ ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וְ ַא ְר ָבּ ָ ֧ﬠה ֲאנָ ִ ֛שׁים ָהי֥ וּ ְמצ ָֹר ִ ֖ﬠים ֶפּ ַ֣תח ַה ָ ֑שּׁ ַﬠר וַ ֽיּ‬ 7:3 Unique

‫אַר ָבּ ָﬠה ֲאנָ ִשׁים‬ ְ ְ‫ו‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 7:4 ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ֲא ָ ֔רם‬ ַ ‫כוּ וְ נִ ְפּ ָל ֙ה ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יר וָ ַ ֣מ ְתנוּ ָ֔שׁם וְ ִאם־יָ ַ ֥שׁ ְבנוּ ֹ֖פה וָ ָ ֑מ ְתנוּ וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ְל‬ ֙ ‫ם־א ַמ ְרנוּ֩ נָ ֨בוֹא ָה ֜ ִﬠיר וְ ָה ָר ָ ֤ﬠב ָבּ ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫ִא‬ ‫יתנוּ וָ ָ ֽמ ְתנוּ׃‬ ֖ ֻ ‫ִאם־יְ ַחיֻּ ֣נוּ ִ ֽנ ְח ֶ֔יה וְ ִאם־יְ ִמ‬ 7:4

‫וָ ַמ ְתנוּ‬1

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 17:12. 7:4

‫וָ ָמ ְתנוּ‬2

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 17:12. 7:4

‫יְ ַחיֻּ נוּ‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with different hierarchial vowels, in a list termed milʿêl and milraʿ; see Yeivin, Introduction, §132, p. 103. In this connection, the higher vowel, the milʿêl, is the vowel qibbûṣ, and the lower vowel, the milraʿ, is the vowel ṣerê. Thus ‫( יְ ַחיֻּ נוּ‬here) having the qibbûṣ is milʿêl, whereas ‫( יְ ַחיֵּ נוּ‬Hos 6:2) having the ṣerê is milraʿ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §5, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §5.

2 KINGS 7:4

‫יתנוּ‬ ֻ ‫יְ ִמ‬

Unique and defective

101

Mp

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

In ML this Mp note has been placed in the left column adjacent to the note on ‫ וַ יָּ קוּמוּ‬instead of in the right one adjacent to the note on ‫וָ ָמ ְתנוּ‬3. 7:4

‫וָ ָמ ְתנוּ‬3

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 17:12.

2 KINGS 7:5 ‫ין־שׁם ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ד־ק ֵצ ֙ה ַמ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ֲא ָ ֔רם וְ ִה ֵנּ֥ה ֵ ֽא‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ֲא ָ ֑רם וַ יָּ ֗בֹאוּ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֣קוּמוּ ַב ֔ ֶנּ ֶשׁף ָל ֖בוֹא ֶא‬ 7:5

‫וַ יָּ קוּמוּ‬

Nine times plene*

Com.: See Judg 20:19.

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

*ML, contrary to M (‫ )וַ יָּ ֻקמוּ‬writes the lemma here plene first ‫ ;)וַ יָּ קוּמוּ( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 123. Both MC and MA read ‫וַ יָּ ֻקמוּ‬, but neither of them has a note here.

2 KINGS 7:6 ֩‫ר־ﬠ ֵלינוּ‬ ָ ‫ל־א ִ֗חיו ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָ ֽשׂ ַכ‬ ָ ‫אמ ֞רוּ ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ֲא ָ ֗רם ֥קוֹל ֶ ֨ר ֶכ ֙ב ֣קוֹל ֔סוּס ֖קוֹל ַ ֣חיִ ל גָּ ֑דוֹל וַ יּ‬ ַ ‫וַ אד ֞ ָֹני ִה ְשׁ ִ ֣מ ַי� ׀ ֶא‬ ‫ת־מ ְל ֵ ֥כי ִמ ְצ ַ ֖ריִ ם ָל ֥בוֹא ָﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ַ ‫ת־מ ְל ֵכ֧י ַה ִח ִ ֛תּים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ֶ֨מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ֶא‬ 7:6

‫וַ אד ֹנָ י‬

Three times written with ‫א‬

‫כת ̇א‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 7:6; Isa 49:14; Ps 35:23

Mp

102

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences where ‫ יְ הוָ ה‬with a ‫ ו‬cj. is written with the letters ‫אדני‬. This enumeration excludes the three occurrences of ‫ וַ אד ֹנָ י‬when it is followed by ‫יְ הוִ ה‬ (= ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫)א‬ ֱ at Isa 50:7, Amos 9:5, and Zech 9:14.

This lemma is also featured in a Masoretic list of the 134 occurrences of ‫ ֲאד ֹנָ י‬when it is not followed by ‫ ;יְ הוִ ה‬see 1 Kgs 3:10, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §151. 7:6

Twice

‫ָשׂ ַכר‬

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Deut 23:5; 2 Kgs 7:6

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of doublets that have a paṯaḥ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §24, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §25.

The other is in a list of doublets that are accented once milʿêl (‫ ָ ֽשׂ ַכר‬, here), and once milraʿ (‫שׂ ַ֨כר‬, ָ Deut 23:5); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §51, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §52.

7:6

‫ַה ִח ִתּים‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 1:26.

2 KINGS 7:7 ‫ר־היא וַ יָּ ֻנ֖סוּ ֶאל־‬ ֑ ִ ‫יהם ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֖ה ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֶ֔ ‫מ ֵר‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ת־ח‬ ֲ ‫יה ֙ם וְ ֶא‬ ֶ ‫וּס‬ ֵ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ‫יהם וְ ֶא‬ ֶ֗ ‫ת־א ֳה ֵל‬ ָ ‫קוּמוּ וַ יָּ נ֣ וּסוּ ַבנֶּ ֶשׁ ֒ף וַ יַּ ַﬠזְ ֣בוּ ֶא‬ ֮ ָ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫נַ ְפ ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ 7:7

‫וַ יָּ קוּמוּ‬

Nine times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 20:19. 7:7

‫וַ יָּ נוּסוּ‬

Four times plene

2 Kgs 7:7a; 1 Chr 19:14; 19:15; 2 Chr 13:16 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ וַ יָּ נוּסוּ‬four times plene, and their references

2 Kgs 7:7a 1 Chr 19:14 (And) the one after it (1 Chr 19:15) 2 Chr 13:16

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫וינוסו ̇ד‬

103 Mm

[‫)ויע( ]ויעזבו‬ ̇ ‫ויקומו וינוסו בנשף‬ ‫ויגש יואב והעם‬ ‫דבתריה‬ ̇ ‫וינוסו בני ישראל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (25x) written defective ‫ ו‬as ‫וַ יָּ נֻ סוּ‬, one of which occurs in the same verse.

ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יָּ נֻ סוּ‬, has a fifth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form at Judg 8:12 plene ‫ ;)וַ יָּ נוּסוּ( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 60. However, the Mp headings here and at 1 Chr 19:14, and the Mm here lists only four occurrences, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. Not included in this list is the qərê form (‫ )וַ יָּ נוּסוּ‬at Judg 7:21, which has a kəṯîḇ ‫ויניסו‬. 7:7

Unique

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ת־חמ ֵֹר‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Gen 34:28; 2 Kgs 7:7

Com.: The Mp heading of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

MC, as ML, mistakenly reads unique (see Castro, El codice, 3:209). MA has no note here. 7:7

Unique

‫ר־היא‬ ִ ‫ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its five occurrences without this preposition (‫ר־היא‬ ִ ‫)א ֶשׁ‬. ֲ 7:7

Unique

‫ֶאל־נַ ְפ ָשׁם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ נַ ְפ ָשׁם‬with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫)ﬠל־נַ ְפ ָשׁם( ַﬠל‬. ַ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that usually occur with ‫ ַﬠל‬but occur once ‫;אל‬ ֶ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §77, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156A.

104

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 7:8

‫אכל֣ וּ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֔תּוּ וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֣אוּ ִמ ָ֗שּׁם ֶכּ ֶ֤סף וְ זָ ָה ֙ב‬ ְ ֹ ‫א ֶהל ֶא ָח ֙ד וַ יּ‬ ֹ ֤ ‫ד־ק ֵצ֣ה ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֗ ֶנה וַ יָּ ֜בֹאוּ ֶאל־‬ ְ ‫וַ יָּ בֹאוּ֩ ַ ֽה ְמצ ָֹר ֨ ִﬠים ָה ֵ֜א ֶלּה ַﬠ‬ ‫א ֶהל ַא ֵ֔חר וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֣אוּ ִמ ָ֔שּׁם וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ וַ יַּ ְט ִ ֽמנוּ׃‬ ֹ ֣ ‫אוּ ֶאל־‬ ֙ ֹ‫וּבגָ ִ ֔דים וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ וַ יַּ ְט ִ ֑מנוּ וַ יָּ ֻ֗שׁבוּ וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ ְ 7:8

‫וַ יַּ ְט ִמנוּ‬

Twice and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 7:8a; 7:8b

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma occurs twice and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59.

2 KINGS 7:9 ‫ד־אוֹר‬ ֥ ‫יוֹם־בּשׂ ָ ֹ֣רה ֔הוּא וַ ֲא ַנ ְ֣חנוּ ַמ ְח ִ֗שׁים וְ ִח ִ ֛כּינוּ ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫א־כ֣ן ׀ ֲא ַנ ְ֣חנוּ ע ִֹ֗שׂים ַהיּ֤ וֹם ַהזֶּ ֙ה‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ל־ר ֜ ֵﬠהוּ ֽל‬ ֵ ‫אמרוּ֩ ִ֨אישׁ ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫וּמ ָצ ָ ֣אנוּ ָﬠו֑ וֹן וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ְל ֣כוּ וְ נָ ֔בֹ ָאה וְ נַ ִ ֖גּ ָידה ֵ ֥בּית ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ְ ‫ַה ֖בֹּ ֶקר‬ 7:9

‫א־כן‬ ֵ ֹ‫ל‬

Nineteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 20:21. 7:9

‫ְבּשׂ ָֹרה‬

Three times defective

Com.: See 2 Sam 4:10. 7:9

‫אוֹר ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Com.: See Judg 16:2. 7:9

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

‫ָﬠווֹן‬

Four times plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 7:9; Ps 51:7 (‫;)בּ ָﬠווֹן‬ ְ Prov 5:22 (‫ווֹנוֹתיו‬ ָ ‫;)ﬠ‬ ֲ 1 Chr 21:8 (‫)ﬠווֹן‬ ֲ

2 KINGS

105

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of various forms of this lemma written plene second ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (82x) of various forms written defective second ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫ﬠוֹן‬, ֲ ‫)ﬠוֹן‬. ָ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words with a double ‫ ו‬in the middle of a word; see the Mm at Exod 39:4 sub ‫צוֹותו‬ ָ ‫ק‬, ְ and Frensdorff, Ochlah, §184. 7:9

‫וְ נָ ב ָֹאה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 7:9; Jer 4:5 (‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ָ‫ ;)וְ נ‬Ps 132:7 (‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ָ‫)נ‬ ——————————

‫ וְ נָ ב ָֹאה‬three times, once defective, and twice plene 2 Kgs 7:9 Jer 4:5 Ps 132:7

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וב‬ ̇ ‫חסיר‬ ̇ ‫ונבאה ̇ג חד‬

‫לכו ונבאה ונגידה‬ ‫האספו ונבואה אל ערי המבצר‬ ‫נבואה למשכנותיו‬

——————————

‫ וְ נָ ב ָֹאה‬three times, once defective and twice plene 2 Kgs 7:9 Jer 4:5 Ps 132:7

Mm1

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וב‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫ונבאה ̇ג חד‬

Mm2

‫לכו ונבאה ונגידה‬ ‫האספו )ונבאה( ]ונבואה[ אל ערי המבצר‬ ‫נבואה למשכנותיו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫( ו‬Jer 4:5 and Ps 132:7), and once written defective ‫( ו‬here).

The Mp heading at Ps 132:7 of unique and plene for ‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ָ‫ נ‬refers just to that specific reference. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur three times, twice with ‫ ו‬cj. and once without; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §14, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §15.

The Mm has been written twice at this reference, once on the top right of fol. 207r, and once on the bottom right of the same folio.

106

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 7:10

‫ין־שׁם ִ ֖אישׁ וְ ֣קוֹל ָא ָ ֑דם ִ ֣כּי‬ ֛ ָ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ֲא ָ ֔רם וְ ִה ֵנּ֥ה ֵ ֽא‬ ַ ‫מר ָ ֚בּאנוּ ֶא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫אוּ ֶאל־שׁ ֵֹﬠ֣ר ָה ִﬠיר֒ וַ יַּ ִגּ֤ידוּ ָל ֶה ֙ם ֵלא‬ ֮ ‫וַ יָּ ֗בֹאוּ ַוֽ יִּ ְק ְר‬ ‫ר־ה ָמּה׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫סוּר וְ ַה ֲח ֣מוֹר ָא ֔סוּר וְ א ָֹה ִ ֖לים ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫ם־ה ֤סּוּס ָא‬ ַ ‫ִא‬ 7:10

‫וְ קוֹל ָא ָדם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Dan 8:16.

2 KINGS 7:11 ‫ימה׃‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֖רא ַה ֽשּׁ ֹ ֲﬠ ִ ֑רים וַ יַּ ֕ ִגּידוּ ֵ ֥בּית ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ְפּ ִ ֽנ‬ 7:11

‫וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ַהשּׁ ֲֹﬠ ִרים‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: A circellus has been placed on each of these words but, since both occur many times, the note must refer to the combination of both words which occur only this once.

2 KINGS 7:12 ‫י־ר ֵﬠ ִ ֣בים ֲא ֗ ַנ ְחנוּ וַ יֵּ ְצ ֤אוּ‬ ְ ‫ר־ﬠשׂוּ ָ ֖לנוּ ֲא ָ ֑רם יָ ְד ֞עוּ ִכּ‬ ֥ ָ ‫ה־נּ֣א ָל ֶ֔כם ֵ ֛את ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫ל־ﬠ ָב ָ ֔דיו ַא ִ ֽגּ ָיד‬ ֲ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָקם ַה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� ֗ ַליְ ָלה וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ל־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר נָ ֽב ֹא׃‬ ָ ‫שׂם ַח ִ֔יּים וְ ֶא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫יר וְ נִ ְת ְפּ‬ ֙ ‫ן־ה ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫מר ִ ֽכּי־יֵ ְצ ֤אוּ ִמ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ן־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ֙ה ְל ֵה ָח ֵ ֤בה ַבה ָשּׂ ֶד ֙ה ֵלא‬ ֽ ַ ‫ִמ‬ 7:12

‫ְל ֵה ָח ֵבה‬

Twice written with ‫ה‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 22:25. 7:12

‫השּׂ ֶדה‬ ָ ‫ַב‬

Read ‫ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶדה‬

‫בשדה ̇ק‬

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS

107

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )בהשדה‬and qərê (‫)בּ ָשּׂ ֶדה‬ ַ represent examples where the letter ‫ ה‬is assimilated; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 116.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ה‬is written in the middle of a word but it is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §110, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §92. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 7:12

‫נָ בֹא‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Deut 1:22; 1:19 (‫ ;)וַ נָּ בֹא‬2 Kgs 7:12

Mp

—————————— ‫ נָ בֹא‬three times defective

Deut 1:22 Deut 1:19 2 Kgs 7:12

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫נבא ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ואת הערים אשר‬ ‫ונבא עד קדש‬ ‫ואל העיר נבא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) written plene ‫וַ נָּ בוֹא( ו‬/‫)נָ בוֹא‬, one of which is in v. 4.

2 KINGS 7:13 ‫המוֹן‬ ֤ ‫הּ ִה ֗ ָנּם ְכּ ָכל־ ֲה‬ ֒ ‫רוּ־ב‬ ָ ‫שׁר נִ ְשׁ ֲא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ים ֲא‬ ֮ ‫ים ַ ֽהנִּ ְשׁ ָא ִר‬ ֮ ‫סּוּס‬ ִ ‫ן־ה‬ ַ ‫חוּ־נא ֲח ִמ ָ ֣שּׁה ִמ‬ ָ ֞ ‫אמר וְ יִ ְק‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠן֩ ֶא ָ֨חד ֵמ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֜דיו וַ ֗יּ‬ ‫ר־תּמּוּ וְ נִ ְשׁ ְל ָ ֖חה וְ נִ ְר ֶ ֽאה׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־ה ֥מוֹן יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֲ ‫רוּ־בהּ ִה ֕ ָנּם ְכּ ָכ‬ ָ֔ ‫שׁר נִ ְשׁ ֲא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֲא‬ 7:13 Six times 1–5 6

‫וְ יִ ְקחוּ‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Exod 12:3; 25:2; 27:20; Lev 24:2; Num 19:2 2 Kgs 31:7

——————————

108

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ יִ ְקחוּ‬six times 1–5

6

Mm

̇‫ויקחו ו‬

Exod 12:3 Exod 25:2 Num 19:2 Exod 27:20 Lev 24:2 2 Kgs 7:13

[‫איש שה לבית )אבות( ]אבת‬ ‫ויקחו לי תרומה‬ ‫פרה אדמה תמימה אשר‬ ‫שמן זית זך כתית‬ ‫שמן זית‬ ‫מן הסוסים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (54x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫)וַ יִּ ְקחוּ‬. This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mm notes at Exod 27:20 and Num 19:2, which read six times raṕê, that is, six times without daḡeš, e.g., as a ‫ ו‬cj. (as opposed to being with daḡeš, e.g., as a ‫ ו‬consec.). 7:13

Read ‫ֲהמוֹן‬

‫ֲההמוֹן‬

Mp

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫המון‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ההמון‬, and the qərê (‫)המוֹן‬ ֲ represent examples of the omission of a definite article; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 147.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ה‬is written at the beginning of a word but it is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §166, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §91. 7:13

Four times

‫וְ נִ ְר ֶאה‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 37:20; 2 Kgs 7:13; Isa 41:23 (qərê); 66:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the qal, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in the niphal (‫)וְ נִ ְר ָאה‬.

2 KINGS

109

2 KINGS 7:15 ‫בוּ‬ ֙ ‫הח ְפ ָז֑ם וַ יָּ ֻ֨שׁ‬ ָ ‫ר־ה ְשׁ ִ ֥ליכוּ ֲא ָ ֖רם ְבּ‬ ִ ‫ים וְ ֵכ ֔ ִלים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֗דּ ֶר� ְמ ֵל ָ ֤אה ְבגָ ִד‬ ַ ‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵדּן֒ וְ ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָכ‬ ַ ‫יה ֮ם ַﬠ‬ ֶ ‫וַ יֵּ ְל ֣כוּ ַא ֲח ֵר‬ ‫ַה ַמּ ְל ָא ִ֔כים וַ יַּ ִ ֖גּדוּ ַל ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ 7:15 Five times 1–5

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה ָכל‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Sam 19:42; 2 Kgs 7:15; Jer 38:22; Ezek 8:10; Zech 1:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a cj. at Ezek 16:44 and Job 1:12. 7:15

‫הח ְפזָ ם‬ ָ ‫ְבּ‬

Read ‫ְבּ ָח ְפזָ ם‬

‫בחפזם ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫בהחפזם‬, niphal), and the qərê (‫בּ ָח ְפזָ ם‬,ְ qal) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê forms occurring in different conjugations with identical meanings; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 133–34.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ה‬is written in the middle of a word but it is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §110, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §92.

2 KINGS 7:17 ‫מת ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ִדּ ֶבּ ֙ר ִ ֣אישׁ‬ ֹ ֑ ָ‫ל־ה ַ֔שּׁ ַﬠר וַ יִּ ְר ְמ ֻ ֧סהוּ ָה ָ ֛ﬠם ַבּ ַ ֖שּׁ ַﬠר וַ יּ‬ ַ ‫דוֹ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ָ‫ת־ה ָשּׁ ֜ ִלישׁ ֲא ֶשׁר־נִ ְשׁ ָ ֤ﬠן ַﬠל־י‬ ַ ‫וְ ַה ֶמּ ֶל�֩ ִה ְפ ִ֨קיד ֶא‬ ‫שׁר ִדּ ֶ֔בּר ְבּ ֶ ֥ר ֶדת ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֵא ָ ֽליו׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�הים ֲא‬ ִ֔ ‫ָה ֱא‬ 7:17

‫ל־ה ַשּׁ ַﬠר‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Four times in various forms

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 7:17; Ezek 21:27 (‫ ;) ַﬠל ְשׁ ָﬠ ִרים‬Prov 14:19 (‫ ;) ַﬠל ַשׁ ֲﬠ ֵרי‬Cant 7:5 (‫) ַﬠל ַשׁ ַﬠר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫ ַשׁ ַﬠר‬in various forms with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) in various forms with ‫( ֶאל‬e.g., ‫ֶאל‬ ‫)שׁ ַﬠר‬. ַ

This enumeration does not include occurrences of this lemma in Chronicles and in parts of the book of Nehemiah (from 9:4 to the end); see Ginsburg 2, ‫שׁ‬, §855, and Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

110

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Mp heading at Prov 14:19 reads twice for the two forms of ‫ ַﬠל ַשׁ ֲﬠ ֵרי‬, one of which is in 2 Chr 23:19, and thus is not included in this list.

The Mp heading at Cant 7:5 reads twice for the two forms of ‫ ַﬠל ַשׁ ַﬠר‬, one of which is in 2 Chr 26:9, and thus is also not included in this list.

2 KINGS 7:18 ‫אתיִ ם ְשׂע ִ ֹ֜רים ְבּ ֶ֗שׁ ֶקל וּֽ ְס ָאה־ ֨סֹ ֶל ֙ת ְבּ ֶ֔שׁ ֶקל יִ ְהיֶ ֙ה ָכּ ֵﬠ֣ת ָמ ָ֔חר‬ ַ֨ ‫מר ָס‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֵלא‬ ַ ‫�הים ֶא‬ ִ֔ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ְכּ ַד ֵבּ ֙ר ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ‫ְבּ ַ ֖שׁ ַﬠר שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ 7:18

‫וּס ָאה‬ ְ

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without a cj. in vv. 1 and 16.

2 KINGS 7:19 ֤� ְ‫אמר ִהנּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫בּוֹת ַבּ ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם ֲהיִ ְה ֶי֖ה ַכּ ָדּ ָ ֣בר ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ ֗יּ‬ ֙ ‫הוה ע ֶ ֹ֤שׂה ֲא ֻר‬ ָ֗ ְ‫אמר֒ וְ ִה ֵנּ֣ה י‬ ַ ֹ ‫ים וַ יּ‬ ֮ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ת־אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֣ ִ ‫וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠן ַה ָשּׁ ֜ ִלישׁ ֶא‬ ‫ֹאכל׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫וּמ ָ ֖שּׁם ֥ל ֹא ת‬ ִ �‫ר ֶֹא ֙ה ְבּ ֵﬠ ֔ ֶיני‬ 7:19

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה יְ הוָ ה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 19:11. 7:19

‫ע ֶֹשׂה‬

Twenty-two times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–22

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Deut 5:10 (‫ ;)וְ ע ֶֹשׂה‬10:18; 31:21; 2 Kgs 7:2; 7:19 Amos 9:12; Nah 1:9; Zeph 3:19; Zech 10:1; Mal 3:17 Mal 3:21; Ps 18:51 (‫ ;)וְ ע ֶֹשׂה‬37:7; 104:4; 106:21 Ps 146:6; 146:7; Qoh 8:12; Neh 2:16; 4:11 Neh 6:3; 1 Chr 18:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-two occurrences of this form with a səḡôl in the books of Deuteronomy, Kings, The Twelve, Psalms, Qoheleth, Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (37x) in these books with a ṣerê (‫וְ ע ֵֹשׂה‬/‫)ע ֵֹשׂה‬.

2 KINGS

111

The Mm at Exod 15:11 sub ‫ ע ֵֹשׂה‬gives the note in reverse form: ‫ ע ֵֹשׂה‬occurs eight times and similarly in the books of Deuteronomy, Kings, The Twelve, Chronicles, Psalms, Qoheleth, and Ezra-Nehemiah apart from twenty-two times (when it occurs as ‫)ע ֶֹשׂה‬. Then the twenty-two occurrences of ‫ ע ֶֹשׂה‬are listed. Notes on the headings highlighted above. Deut 31:21

Three times in the book (Deut 5:10, 10:18 and 31:21).

Ps 18:51 (‫)וְ ע ֶֹשׂה‬

Five times in the book with səḡôl (‫)ה‬. ֶ Incorrect, since there are six occurrences of this lemma in the book of Psalms, and this one is the only one with a ‫ ו‬cj. The note should read five times with səḡôl, and would include the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Exod 20:6, Deut 5:10, 2 Sam 22:51, Jer 33:18, and Ps 18:51); see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

2 Kgs 7:19

Ps 37:7; 106:21; 146:7 Ps 104:4

Qoh 8:12; Neh 2:16 Neh 6:3; 1 Chr 18:14 Neh 4:11

7:19 Eight times

‫וּמ ָשּׁם‬ ִ ‫̇ח‬

Twenty-two times. All the above references.

Five times in the book with səḡôl (‫)ה‬. ֶ Notes the five occurrences in Psalms that occur without a ‫ ו‬cj. (Ps 37:7, 104:4, 106:21, 146:6, and 146:7). Five times (in the book without a ‫ ו‬cj, see directly above). Twenty-two times with səḡôl (‫)כב‬. ֶ All the above references.

Twenty-five times with səḡôl (‫)כה‬. ֶ Three of them are in the book (of Ezra/Nehemiah, Neh 2:16, 4:11, and 6:3). According to Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) the extra three references are those in Judges (11:27; 15:3; 18:3). Mp

Com.: See above at 2 Kgs 7:2.

112

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 8:1

‫י־ק ָ ֤רא‬ ָ ‫שׁר ָתּג֑ ִוּרי ִ ֽכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ית� וְ ג֖ ִוּרי ַבּ ֲא‬ ֵ֔ ‫וּב‬ ֵ ‫וּל ִ ֙כי ַ ֣א ְתּי‬ ְ ‫וּמי‬ ִ ‫מר ֤ק‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ת־בּ ֜ ָנהּ ֵלא‬ ְ ‫ר־ה ֱח ָ֨יה ֶא‬ ֶ ‫ל־ה ִא ָשּׁ ֩ה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫ישׁע ִדּ ֶבּ֣ר ֶא‬ ָ֡ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ‫ל־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ֶ ֥שׁ ַבע ָשׁ ִ ֽנים׃‬ ָ ‫ם־בּא ֶא‬ ֥ ָ ַ‫יְ הוָ ֙ה ָ ֽל ָר ֔ ָﬠב וְ ג‬ 8:1

Read ‫אַתּ‬ ְ

‫אַתּי‬ ְ ‫את ̇ק‬

Mp

——————————

‫אַתּי‬ ְ seven times written like this

1–5

6–7

Judg 17:2 2 Kgs 4:16 1 Kgs 14:2 2 Kgs 4:23 2 Kgs 8:1 Jer 4:30 Ezek 36:13

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ̇‫אתי ז‬

Mm

‫ואת אלית וגם‬ ‫את חבקת בן‬ ‫אשת ירבעם‬ ‫הלכת אליו‬ ‫קומי ולכי‬ ‫ואת שדוד‬ ‫אכלת אדם אתי‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )אתי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. form of the pron. ‫אַתּי‬, ִ whereas the qərê (‫)אַתּ‬ ְ represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 102. The Mm notes the seven occurrences where ‫ אתי‬is written but ‫אַתּ‬ ְ is read. However, in most of the catchwords in this list the qərê form (‫)אַתּ‬ ְ is written.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 8:1

‫ַבּ ֲא ֶשׁר‬

Fifteen times

̇‫̇הי‬

Com.: See Judg 5:27. 8:1

Mp

‫ל־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬

Unique in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of the prepositions ‫ ַﬠל‬and ‫ ֶאל‬that precede ‫ ָה ָא ֶרץ‬in the book of Kings. There are five occurrences of ‫ ַﬠל ָה ָא ֶרץ‬, but only this one of ‫ֶאל‬ ‫ ָ;ה ָא ֶרץ‬see Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §160E.

2 KINGS

113

2 KINGS 8:3 ‫ל־שׂ ָ ֽדהּ׃‬ ָ ‫יתהּ וְ ֶא‬ ֖ ָ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ל־ה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� ֶא‬ ַ ‫שׁ ַבע ָשׁ ֔ ִנים וַ ָ ֥תּ ָשׁב ָה ִא ָ ֖שּׁה ֵמ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים וַ ֵתּ ֵצ ֙א ִל ְצ ֣ﬠֹק ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִמ ְק ֵצ ֙ה‬ 8:3

‫וַ יְ ִהי ִמ ְק ֵצה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 3:2.

Mp

2 KINGS 8:4 ‫ישׁע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ר־ﬠ ָ ֥שׂה ֱא ִל‬ ָ ‫ל־הגְּ ד ֹל֖ וֹת ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫ה־נּ֣א ֔ ִלי ֵ ֥את ָכּ‬ ָ ‫מר ַס ְפּ ָר‬ ֹ ֑ ‫�הים ֵלא‬ ֖ ִ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ל־גּ ֲ֣ח ִ֔זי ַנ ַ֥ﬠר ִא‬ ֵ ‫וְ ַה ֶ֗מּ ֶל� ְמ ַד ֵבּ ֙ר ֶא‬ 8:4

‫גֵ ֲחזִ י‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 4:31 (‫ ;)וְ גֵ ֲחזִ י‬5:25; 8:4; 8:5 ——————————

‫ גֵ ֲחזִ י‬four times defective in this and a similar form

2 Kgs 4:31 2 Kgs 5:25 2 Kgs 8:4 2 Kgs 8:5

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫גחזי ̇ד‬

Mm

‫וגחזי עבר לפניהם‬ ‫ויאמר אליו אלישע מאן‬ ‫והמלך מדבר‬ ‫ויהי הוא מספר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written plene first ‫יחזִ י( י‬ ֲ ֵ‫ ְלג‬/‫יחזִ י‬ ֲ ֵ‫)ג‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫יחזִ י‬ ֲ ֵ‫)ג‬, has a fifth occurrence of this lemma at 2 Kgs 4:12 (‫ ;)גֵ ֲחזִ י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 120. However, all the Mp headings and the Mm here support the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

114

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 8:5

�‫ל־ה ֶ֔מּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ת־בּנָ ֙הּ צ ֶֹﬠ ֶ֣קת ֶא‬ ְ ‫ר־ה ֱח ָי֤ה ֶא‬ ֶ ‫ת וְ ִה ֨ ֵנּה ָה ִא ָ֜שּׁה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֒ ‫ת־ה ֵמּ‬ ַ ‫ר־ה ֱח ָי֣ה ֶא‬ ֶ ‫ַו֠יְ ִהי ֥הוּא ְמ ַס ֵפּ֣ר ַל ֶמּ ֶל ֮� ֵ ֣את ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ר־ה ֱח ָי֥ה ֱא ִלי ָ ֽשׁע׃‬ ֶ ‫ה־בּ ָנ֖הּ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ְ ֶ‫אמר ֵגּ ֲֽחזִ ֙י ֲאד ִֹנ֣י ַה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� ז ֹ֚את ָ ֽה ִא ָ֔שּׁה וְ ז‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־שׂ ָ ֑דהּ וַ ֤יּ‬ ָ ‫יתהּ וְ ַﬠ‬ ֖ ָ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ַﬠ‬ 8:5

‫֥הוּא‬

Twice with the accent (mêrəḵâ) 2 Kgs 8:5; 2 Chr 6:32 (‫)ל ֹא‬ ֥

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mm

——————————

Twice with the accent (mêrəḵâ) 2 Kgs 8:5 2 Chr 6:32

‫֥הוא מספר למלך‬ ‫לא מעמך ישראל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two instances where the second servus before zarqâ (‫֥הוּא‬ �֘ ‫( ְמ ַס ֵפּ֣ר ַל ֶמּ ֶל‬here) and ‫( ֥ל ֹא ֵמ ַﬠ ְמּ�֣ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵא ֘ל‬2 Chr 6:32) is marked with mêrəḵâ, and not with an expected mûnaḥ; see Yeivin, Introduction, §261 (p. 206). Note that the accent mêrəḵâ has been written in the Mm note.

In ML the circellus has been placed between this word and the preceding word ‫ וַ יְ ִהי‬but, as is clear from the intent of the note and the Mm references, the circellus belongs on this lemma. 8:5

Unique

‫צ ֶֹﬠ ֶקת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed this way (fem. ptcp., crying), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (6x) pointed as ‫( ַצ ֲﬠ ַקת‬noun, cry of). 8:5

Unique

‫ל־שׂ ָדהּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of phrases that occur once with ‫וְ ַﬠל‬, and once with ‫ ;וְ ֶאל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §86, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156C.

2 KINGS 8:5

‫גֵ ֲחזִ י‬

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

115

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 8:4.

2 KINGS 8:6 ‫ר־ל ֙הּ וְ ֵא ֙ת ָכּל־‬ ָ ‫ל־א ֶשׁ‬ ֲ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫מר ָה ֵ ֤שׁיב ֶא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ן־ל֣הּ ַה ֶמּ ֶל�֩ ָס ִ ֨ריס ֶא ָ֜חד ֵלא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֥אל ַה ֶ ֛מּ ֶל� ָל ִא ָ ֖שּׁה וַ ְתּ ַס ֶפּר־ל֑ וֹ וַ יִּ ֶתּ‬ ‫ד־ﬠ ָתּה׃ פ‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ וְ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫את ַה ָשּׂ ֶ ֔דה ִמיּ֛ וֹם ָﬠזְ ָ ֥בה ֶא‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ְתּבוּ‬ 8:6

‫ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 14:7. 8:6

Mp

‫ָה ֵשׁיב‬

Unique plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (14x) written defective ‫)ה ֵשׁב( י‬. ָ 8:6

‫ְתּבוּאֹת‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 47:24 (‫;)בּ ְתּבוּאֹת‬ ַ Lev 25:15; 25:16; Deut 33:14; 2 Kgs 8:6 Prov 14:4 (‫;)תּבוּאוֹת‬ ְ 16:8 (‫)תּבוּאוֹת‬ ְ

—————————— ‫ ְתּבוּאֹת‬seven times

1–5

6–7

Gen 47:24 Lev 25:16 Lev 25:15 Deut 33:14 2 Kgs 8:6 Prov 14:4 Prov 16:8

̇‫)תבואות( ]תבואת[ ז‬

Mm

‫והיה‬ [‫מספר )תבואות( ]תבואת‬ ‫במספר‬ ‫וממגד‬ ‫וישאל‬ ‫ורב‬ ‫מרב‬

116

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma in various forms in the pl., to distinguish them from its twelve occurrences in various forms in the sg. (e.g., ‫;)תּבוּאַת‬ ְ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §1L.

The Mp headings at Prov 14:4 and 16:8 (‫)תּבוּאוֹת‬ ְ read twice plene, noting the two occurrences of this form written plene second ‫ו‬. 8:6

‫ָﬠזְ ָבה‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 8:6; Jer 49:11

—————————— ‫ ָﬠזְ ָבה‬twice 2 Kgs 8:6 Jer 49:11

‫עזבה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫השדה מיום עזבה‬ ‫יתמיך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma (3rd fem. sg.), to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in pause (‫)ﬠ ָ֔ז ָבה‬ ָ in Ezek 23:8.

2 KINGS 8:7 ‫ד־הנָּ ה׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫�הים ַﬠ‬ ֖ ִ ‫מר ָ ֛בּא ִ ֥אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫�־א ָ ֖רם ח ֶֹל֑ה וַ יֻּ גַּ ד־ל֣ וֹ ֵלא‬ ֲ ‫ן־ה ַ ֥דד ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֲ ‫וּב‬ ֶ ‫ישׁ ֙ע ַדּ ֶ֔מּ ֶשׂק‬ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֤ב ֹא ֱא ִל‬ 8:7

‫ח ֶֹלה‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 22:8. 8:7

‫וַ יֻּ גַּ ד‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 10:17.

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS

117

2 KINGS 8:8 ‫מר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫אוֹתוֹ ֵלא‬ ֙ ‫הו֤ה ֵ ֽמ‬ ָ ְ‫�הים וְ ָד ַר ְשׁ ָ֨תּ ֶאת־י‬ ֑ ִ ‫האל ַ ֤קח ְבּ ָי ְֽ ד ֙� ִמנְ ָ֔חה וְ ֕ ֵל� ִל ְק ַ ֖ראת ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֵ֗ ָ‫ל־חז‬ ֲ ‫אמר ַה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ַה ֶא ְח ֶי֖ה ֵמ ֳח ִ ֥לי ֶזֽה׃‬ 8:8

‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫ֲחז‬

Five times written with a ‫ה‬ 1–5

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 8:8; 8:13; 8:15; 8:29; 2 Chr 22:6

——————————

‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫ ֲחז‬five times written with a ‫ה‬ 1–5

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫חזהאל ̇ה‬

2 Kgs 8:8 2 Kgs 8:13 2 Kgs 8:15 �‫יוֹרם ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ָ ‫ וַ יָּ ָשׁב‬the first occurrence in Kings (2 Kgs 8:29) ‫ ְבּ ִה ָלּ ֲחמוֹ‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 22:6)

Mm

‫ויאמר המלך אל חזהאל‬ ‫כי מה עבדך‬ ‫ויהי ממחרת ויקח המכבר‬ ‫וישב )יואב( ]יורם[ המלך‬ ‫קדמייה דמלכים‬ ‫ימ‬ ̇ ‫דדבר‬ ̇ ‫בהלחמו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written with a medial ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) written without this ‫)חזָ ֵאל( ה‬. ֲ This distinction is implied in the two additional notations in the Mm here.

The additional notation of the first occurrence in Kings to the catchwords of the 2 Kgs 8:29 reference is to distinguish that verse from a later verse in which these catchwords occur (2 Kgs 9:15), and in which the lemma is written differently as ‫חזָ ֵאל‬.ֲ The additional notation of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 22:6 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in 2 Kgs 9:15 where, as noted above, the lemma is written as ‫ ֲחזָ ֵאל‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)חזָ ֵאל‬, ֲ has a sixth occurrence of this lemma at 2 Kgs 8:28 (‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫;)חז‬ ֲ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 124. Nevertheless, all the Mp headings in Kings highlighted above, read five times, and the Mm listings here only give five references, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. The Mp heading at 2 Chr 22:6 of unique plene in the book notes this one occurrence in Chronicles.

118 8:8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ֵמאוֹתוֹ‬

Six times plene in the book Com.: See 2 Kgs 3:11.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

2 KINGS 8:9 �֨ ְ‫אמר ִבּנ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫מד ְל ָפ ֔ ָניו וַ ֗יּ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ל־טוּב ַדּ ֶ֔מּ ֶשׂק ַמ ָ ֖שּׂא ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֣ﬠים גָּ ָ ֑מל וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙א וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ֣ ‫דוֹ וְ ָכ‬ ֙ ָ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� ֲחזָ ֵא ֮ל ִל ְק ָראתוֹ֒ וַ יִּ ַ ֨קּח ִמנְ ָ ֤חה ְבי‬ ‫מר ַה ֶא ְח ֶי֖ה ֵמ ֳח ִ ֥לי ֶ ֽזה׃‬ ֹ ֔ ‫�־א ָר ֙ם ְשׁ ָל ַ ֤חנִ י ֵא ֨ ֶל ֙י� ֵלא‬ ֲ ‫ן־ה ַ ֤דד ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֲ ‫ֶב‬ 8:9

‫וְ ָכל־טוּב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 24:10; 2 Kgs 8:9

—————————— ‫ וְ ָכל־טוּב‬twice 2 Kgs 8:9 Gen 24:10

‫וכל טוב ̇ב‬

Mm

‫דמשק משא ארבעים‬ ‫ויקח העבד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj. (‫)כּל־טוּב‬. ָ

2 KINGS 8:10 ‫י־מוֹת יָ ֽמוּת׃‬ ֥ ‫הו֖ה ִ ֽכּ‬ ָ ְ‫ר־ל ֹא ָח ֹ֣יה ִת ְח ֶי֑ה וְ ִה ְר ַ ֥אנִ י י‬ ֖ ‫ישׁע ֵ ֥ל� ֱא ָמ‬ ָ֔ ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 8:10

Read ‫לוֹ‬

‫לֹא‬ ‫לו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫לא‬, not), and the qərê (‫לוֹ‬, to him) represent variants of equal value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of occurrences when ‫ לא‬is written, but read as ‫;לוֹ‬ see the Mm at 2 Sam 16:18, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §105, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §88.

2 KINGS 8:10

‫מוֹת יָ מוּת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

119

Mp

1 Sam 14:39; 2 Sam 12:14; 2 Kgs 8:10 —————————— ‫ מוֹת יָ מוּת‬three times

1 Sam 14:39 2 Kgs 8:10 2 Sam 12:14

‫מות ימות ̇ג‬

Mm

‫כי חי יהוה המושיע‬ [‫אמר )לי( ]לו‬ ‫כי נאץ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (24x) of its parallel expression ‫יוּמת‬ ָ ‫ ;מוֹת‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §191.

2 KINGS 8:11 ‫�הים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫ת־פּ ָנ֖יו וַ יָּ ֶ֣שׂם ַﬠד־ ֑בֹּשׁ וַ יֵּ ְ֖בךְּ ִ ֥אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥מד ֶא‬ 8:11

‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵמד‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Num 11:24; 2 Kgs 8:11; Job 34:24; Ps 107:25 —————————— ‫ וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵמד‬four times

‫ויעמד ̇ד‬

Num 11:24 2 Kgs 8:11 Job 34:24 Ps 107:25 And similarly all of Chronicles apart from seven (‫)וַ יַּ ֲﬠמֹד‬

Mm [‫)סביבות( ]סביבת‬ ‫פניו‬ ‫אחרים‬ ‫סערה‬ ̇‫ימ דכותהון בר מן ז‬ ̇ ‫וכל דברי‬

120

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (57x) in the qal (‫ ;)וַ יַּ ֲﬠמֹד‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §166.

The Mm additionally notes that this lemma also occurs (11x) in Chronicles in the hiphil, apart from seven times when it is in the qal. The Mp headings at Num 11:24 and Ps 107:25 read four times, and similarly all Chronicles apart from seven. 8:11

‫בֹּשׁ‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 2:17; 8:11; Jer 48:13 (‫)וּבֹשׁ‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written plene ‫ ו‬as ‫בּוֹשׁ‬.

2 KINGS 8:12 ‫יהם ְתּ ַשׁ ַלּ֤ח‬ ֶ֞ ‫ר־תּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֩ה ִל ְב ֨ ֵני יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ָר ֗ ָﬠה ִמ ְב ְצ ֵר‬ ַ ‫אמר ִ ֽכּי־יָ ַ ֡ד ְﬠ ִתּי ֵ ֣את ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ֲחזָ ֵ֔אל ַמ ֖דּ ַוּ� ֲאד ִֹנ֣י ב ֶֹכ֑ה וַ ֡יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫יהם ְתּ ַב ֵ ֽקּ ַ�׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫יהם ְתּ ַר ֵ֔טּשׁ וְ ָהר ֵֹת‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יה ֙ם ַבּ ֶ ֣ח ֶרב ַתּ ֲה ֔ר ֹג וְ ע ְֹל ֵל‬ ֶ ‫וּב ֻ ֽח ֵר‬ ַ ‫ָבּ ֵא ֙שׁ‬ 8:12 Five times

‫ְתּ ַשׁ ַלּח‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 Exod 15:7; Deut 22:7; 2 Kgs 8:12; Pss 80:12; 104:30

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the piel to distinguish them from its six occurrences in the qal (‫)תּ ְשׁ ַלח‬. ִ 8:12

Three times

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫וּב ֻח ֵר‬ ַ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 8:12; Jer 18:21 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫חוּר‬ ֵ ‫;)בּ‬ ַ 2 Chr 36:17 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫חוּר‬ ֵ ‫)בּ‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫ ו‬without a ‫ו‬ cj. (Jer 18:21 and 2 Chr 36:17), and once written defective ‫ ו‬with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here).

2 KINGS 8:12

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫וְ ע ְֹל ֵל‬

Three times

121

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 8:12; Isa 13:16; Hos 14:1 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫)ע ְֹל ֵל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence written plene ‫יהם( ו‬ ֶ ‫עוֹל ֵל‬ ְ ‫)ל‬ ְ at Ps 17:14. 8:12

Unique

‫ְתּ ַר ֵטּשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 8:13 �‫הוה א ְֹת�֖ ֶ ֥מ ֶל‬ ֛ ָ ְ‫ישׁע ִה ְר ַ ֧אנִ י י‬ ָ֔ ‫אמר ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫האל ִ ֣כּי ָ ֤מה ַﬠ ְב ְדּ ֙� ַה ֶ֔כּ ֶלב ִ ֣כּי יַ ֲﬠ ֶ֔שׂה ַה ָדּ ָ ֥בר ַהגָּ ֖דוֹל ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ ֣יּ‬ ֵ֔ ָ‫אמר ֲחז‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ל־א ָ ֽרם׃‬ ֲ ‫ַﬠ‬ 8:13

‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫ֲחז‬

Five times written with a ‫ה‬

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 8:8. 8:13

Mp

‫ָמה‬

Five times with qameṣ adjacent to an ‫ ע‬or a ‫ח‬ 1–5

‫ָ֗ה דסמיך לעין ולחית‬

Gen 31:32; 2 Kgs 8:13; Mal 2:14; Dan 4:32; Ezra 6:9 (‫)וּמה‬ ָ

Mp

——————————

‫ ָמה‬five times with qameṣ adjacent to an ‫ ע‬or a ‫ח‬

1–5

Gen 31:32 2 Kgs 8:13 Mal 2:14 Ezra 6:9 Dan 4:32

‫עם אשר תמצא‬ ‫ויאמר חזהאל‬ ‫ואמרתם על מה‬ ‫ומה חשחן‬ ‫וכל דארי ארעא‬

‫קמצ דסמיכין לעין ולחית‬ ̇ ‫מה ̇ה‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of the interrog. pron. ‫מה‬, ַ pointed with a qameṣ before words beginning with the letters ‫ ע‬and ‫ח‬. Normally the interrog. is pointed with a səḡôl before an ‫ ע‬or ‫ ;ח‬see 1 Sam 4:6.

122

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

8:13

‫ַה ָדּ ָבר ַהגָּ דוֹל ַהזֶּ ה‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Deut 4:32 (‫;)כּ ָדּ ָבר‬ ַ 1 Sam 12:16; 2 Kgs 8:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this phrase with ‫הגָּ דוֹל‬,ַ to distinguish them from its many occurrences (100+) without it; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ד‬, §84.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫ה ָדּ ָבר ַהגָּ דוֹל‬,ַ but the note belongs, as the Mm of MA indicates here, with the three words ‫ה ָדּ ָבר ַהגָּ דוֹל ַהזֶּ ה‬.ַ

2 KINGS 8:15 ‫האל ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ֖ ֵ ָ‫מת וַ יִּ ְמ�֥ � ֲחז‬ ֹ ֑ ָ‫ל־פּ ָנ֖יו וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ִ ֽמ ָמּ ֳח ָ ֗רת וַ יִּ ַ ֤קּח ַה ַמּ ְכ ֵבּ ֙ר וַ יִּ ְט ֣בֹּל ַבּ ַ֔מּיִ ם וַ יִּ ְפ ֥ר ֹשׂ ַﬠ‬ 8:15 Unique 8:15

‫ַה ַמּ ְכ ֵבּר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫ֲחז‬

Five times written with a ‫ה‬

Com.: See above at 2 Kgs 8:8.

‫כת הי‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 8:16 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫הוֹשׁ ָ ֖פט ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹרם ֶבּן־י‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ָמ ַל֛� י‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫יהוֹשׁ ָ ֖פט ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ָ ִ‫ן־א ְח ָא ֙ב ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ו‬ ַ ‫יוֹרם ֶבּ‬ ֤ ָ ‫וּב ְשׁ ַנ֣ת ָח ֵ֗משׁ ְל‬ ִ 8:16 Ten times

‫וּב ְשׁנַ ת‬ ִ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:1.

2 KINGS 8:16

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬sixteen times in the Prophets

1–5

6 7 8 9

10–15

16

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ̇‫יהורם י̇ ו‬

1 Kgs 22:51 2 Kgs 1:17a Twice in the verse (2 Kgs 1:17b; ‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ‫)ל‬ ִ 2 Kgs 3:1 (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ִ‫)ו‬ 2 Kgs 3:6 {the second (occurrence) in the verse}

2 Kgs 8:25 the second (occurrence) in the verse the first (occurrence) of ‫ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּא‬ (2 Kgs 8:29) in the second part of the verse the second (occurrence) of ‫ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּא‬ (2 Kgs 9:15) Six cases from 2 Kgs 9:17–9:25 [2 Kgs 9:17; 9:21a; 9:21b; 9:22; 9:23; 9:24] 2 Kgs 12:19 (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ִ‫)ו‬

And all of the Writings apart from four 1–4

1 Chr 3:11 1 Chr 26:25 2 Chr 22:5 2 Chr 22:7

123

Mm

‫וישכב‬ ‫וימת‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫ויהורם בן אחאב‬ ‫ויצא המלך יהורם‬ {‫}בתריה דפסוק‬ ‫מלך אחזיהו בן יהורם‬ ‫בתרי̇ דפסוק‬ ‫להתרפא קדמיה‬ ‫תינינא דפסוק‬ ‫להתרפא בתרייה‬ ̇‫ומן קח רכב עד בדקר ו‬ ‫ויקח יהואש‬ ‫וכל כתיבייה ̇ב ̇מ ̇ד‬

‫יורם בנו‬ ‫)ויורם( ]וירם[ בנו‬ ‫ויכו‬ ‫)מהאלהים( ]ומאלהים[ היתה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫( י‬Joram) in various forms in the Prophets which are spelled with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its sixteen occurrences in various forms in the Prophets written without the ‫( ה‬e.g., ‫)יוֹרם‬. ָ

The Masorah also notes that this lemma also occurs (15 x) in the Writings (in various forms, such as ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬, apart from four cases that are listed in the note, when it is ‫יוֹרם‬. ָ In this Mm there are several additional notations.

The addition of the second (occurrence) in the verse to the 2 Kgs 3:6 reference [no. 5] is misplaced since there is only one occurrence of Joram’s name in that verse.

124

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

However, the same addition at the 2 Kgs 8:25 reference [no. 7] is to distinguish the second occurrence of Joram’s name in the verse, which is written as ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬, from the first occurrence, which is written as ‫יוֹרם‬ ָ ‫ל‬.ְ

The additional notations concerning the phrase ‫[ ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּא‬nos. 8 and 9] can be explained as follows. The phrase ‫ ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּא‬occurs twice in this section concerning Joram (2 Kgs 8:16–9:37). The first time it occurs in 2 Kgs 8:29 Joram’s name is written ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬in the second part of the verse, but as ‫ יוֹ ָרם‬in the first and third part of the verse. The second time ‫ ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּא‬occurs is in 2 Kgs 9:15, and there Joram only occurs once, and his name in that verse is spelled ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬.

2 KINGS 8:17 ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫וּשׁמ ֶֹנ֣ה ָשׁ ֔ ִנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ְ ‫וּשׁ ַ ֛תּיִ ם ָשׁ ָנ֖ה ָה ָי֣ה ְב ָמ ְל ֑כוֹ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים‬ ֥ ִ ‫ן־שׁ‬ ְ ‫ֶבּ‬ 8:17

‫ָהיָ ה ְב ָמ ְלכוֹ‬

Seven times

1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

2 Kgs 8:17; 14:2; 15:2; 15:33; 18:2 2 Chr 21:20; 27:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of the form ‫ ְבּ ָמ ְלכוֹ‬preceded by ‫היָ ה‬,ָ possibly to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) without ‫ ָהיָ ה‬preceding it. In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫ ָהיָ ה‬but it belongs on the two words. 8:17

‫ָשׁנִ ה‬

Read ‫ָשׁנִ ים‬

‫שנים ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )שנה‬and qərê (‫)שׁנִ ים‬ ָ represent examples where the kəṯîḇ and the qərê fluctuate between the sg. and the pl.; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 143. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ מ‬is not written at the end of a word nevertheless it is read; see the Mm at 1 Sam 20:38 sub ‫ה ֵח ִצי‬,ַ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §157, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §143.

2 KINGS

125

2 KINGS 8:19 ‫ל־היָּ ִ ֽמים׃‬ ַ ‫ר־לוֹ ָל ֵ֨תת ל֥ וֹ ִנ֛יר ְל ָב ָנ֖יו ָכּ‬ ֗ ‫שׁר ָ ֽא ַמ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוּדה ְל ַ ֖מ ַﬠן ָדִּו֣ד ַﬠ ְב ֑דּוֹ ַכּ ֲא‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫א־א ָ ֤בה יְ הוָ ֙ה ְל ַה ְשׁ ִ ֣חית ֶאת־י‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ֽל‬ 8:19

‫נִ יר‬

Eight times

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:4.

2 KINGS 8:20 ‫יהם ֶ ֽמ ֶל�׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫הוּדה וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֥לכוּ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫ְבּיָ ָמ ֙יו ָפּ ַ ֣שׁע ֱא ֔דוֹם ִמ ַ ֖תּ ַחת יַ ד־י‬ 8:20

‫וַ יַּ ְמ ִלכוּ‬

Five times defective

Com.: See 1 Sam 11:15.

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 8:21 ‫ת־א ֜דוֹם ַהסּ ֵ ֹ֤ביב ֵא ָל ֙יו וְ ֵא ֙ת ָשׂ ֵ ֣רי ָה ֶ ֔ר ֶכב וַ יָּ ֥נָ ס‬ ֱ ‫י־הוּא ָ ֣קם ֗ ַליְ ָלה וַ יַּ ֶ֨כּה ֶא‬ ֞ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֖ר ֶכב ִﬠ ֑מּוֹ ַוֽ יְ ִה‬ ָ ‫יוֹר ֙ם ָצ ֔ ִﬠ ָירה וְ ָכ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֤בֹר‬ ‫ָה ָ ֖ﬠם ְלא ָֹה ָ ֽליו׃‬ 8:21 Ten times

‫וַ יַּ ֶכּה‬ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:40. 8:21

‫ַהסּ ֵֹביב‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 2:11 (‫;)הסּ ֵֹבב‬ ַ 2 Kgs 8:21; Qoh 1:6c (‫)ס ֵֹבב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in various forms written plene ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫)סוֹבב‬. ֵ

The Mp heading at Qoh 1:6c reads twice, and the Mm there lists only the Gen 2:11 and Qoh 1:6b references omitting this 2 Kgs 8:21 reference.

126

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

8:21

‫וְ ֵאת ָשׂ ֵרי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 8:21; Jer 24:1; 2 Chr 21:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this phrase written with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) written without a cj.

2 KINGS 8:25 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫הוֹרם ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫ן־א ְח ָ ֖אב ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָמ ַל֛� ֲא ַחזְ ָי֥הוּ ֶבן־י‬ ַ ‫יוֹרם ֶבּ‬ ֥ ָ ‫ים־ﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֣רה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ְל‬ ֶ ‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ֙ת ְשׁ ֵתּ‬ 8:25

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Three times plene

2 Kgs 8:16; 8:25; 8:29

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in this section; see directly above at 2 Kgs 8:16.

2 KINGS 8:27 ‫ית־א ְח ָ ֖אב ֽהוּא׃‬ ַ ‫הו֖ה ְכּ ֵב֣ית ַא ְח ָ ֑אב ִ ֛כּי ֲח ַ ֥תן ֵבּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ֵ֗יּ ֶל� ְבּ ֶ ֨ד ֶר ֙� ֵבּ֣ית ַא ְח ָ֔אב וַ יַּ ַ֧ﬠשׂ ָה ַ ֛רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י י‬ 8:27

‫ֲח ַתן‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 15:6.

Mp

2 KINGS 8:29 �‫האל ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ֖ ֵ ָ‫ת־חז‬ ֲ ‫ים ָ ֽבּ ָר ָ֔מה ְבּ ִה ָלּ ֲ֣ח ֔מוֹ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ים ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יַ ֻכּ֤הוּ ֲא ַר ִמּ‬ ֙ ‫ן־ה ַמּ ִכּ‬ ַ ‫יוֹרם ַה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּ֣א ְביִ זְ ְר ֗ ֶﬠאל ִמ‬ ֨ ָ ֩‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב‬ ‫ן־א ְח ָ ֛אב ְבּיִ זְ ְר ֶ ֖ﬠאל ִ ֽכּי־ח ֶ ֹ֥לה ֽהוּא׃ פ‬ ַ ‫ת־יוֹרם ֶבּ‬ ָ֧ ‫הוּדה יָ ַ ֡רד ִל ְר ֞אוֹת ֶא‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫הוֹרם ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫ֲא ָ ֑רם וַ ֲא ַחזְ ָ֨יהוּ ֶבן־י‬ 8:29

‫האל‬ ֵ ָ‫ֲחז‬

Five times written with a ‫ה‬

Com.: See above at 2 Kgs 8:8.

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 8:29

‫ח ֶֹלה‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 22:8.

127

Mp

2 KINGS 9:1 ‫מת‬ ֹ ֥ ‫אמר ֜לוֹ ֲח ֹ֣גר ָמ ְת ֗ ֶני� ְו ַ֠קח ַפּ֣� ַה ֶ ֤שּׁ ֶמן ַהזֶּ ֙ה ְבּיָ ֶ ֔ד� וְ ֵל֖� ָר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יאים וַ ֨יּ‬ ֑ ִ ‫ישׁ ֙ע ַהנָּ ִ֔ביא ָק ָ ֕רא ְל ַא ַ ֖חד ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ַהנְּ ִב‬ ָ ‫וֶ ֱא ִל‬ ‫גִּ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬ 9:1

‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫ְל‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Sam 1:15. 9:1

‫ֲחגֹר‬

Four times

2 Sam 20:8 (‫;)חגוֹר‬ ֲ 2 Kgs 4:29; 9:1; Ps 45:4 (‫)חגוֹר‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫( ו‬2 Sam 20:8 and Ps 45:4), and twice written defective ‫( ו‬2 Kgs 4:29 and here). The heading of the Mp at Ps 45:4 reads five times to include the form at Prov 31:24 with a ‫ ו‬cj.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ו‬ cj. and once with a cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. 9:1

�‫וְ ֵל‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Mp

Gen 22:2 (�‫ ;)וְ ֶל‬27:13; Judg 18:19; 1 Sam 16:1; 29:7 2 Sam 14:21; 2 Kgs 6:3; 8:8; 9:1; Ezek 3:1 Ezek 3:11

——————————

128

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

�‫ וְ ֵל‬eleven times

1–5

6–10

11

Mm

‫ולך י̇ ̇א‬

Gen 22:2

Judg 18:19 1 Sam 16:1 1 Sam 29:7 2 Sam 14:21 2 Kgs 9:1 2 Kgs 8:8 2 Kgs 6:3 Ezek 3:11 Ezek 3:1

‫המריה‬ [‫שים ידך על )פני( ]פיך‬ ‫מתאבל‬ ‫ועתה שוב‬ [‫הנע( ]הנער‬ ̇ ) ‫השב את‬ ‫רמת גלעד‬ [‫אל )חזאל( ]חזהאל‬ ‫הואל נא‬ ‫בא אל‬ ‫המגלה‬

One (of them) is �‫( וְ ֶל‬Gen 22:2)

‫ולך‬ ֶ ‫חד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma with the ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a šəwâ, to distinguish them from its five occurrences with the ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a qameṣ (�‫)וָ ֵל‬.

The last reference in the Mm, that of �‫ וְ ֶל‬of Gen 22:2, is a repetition of the same reference given at the beginning of the list, but here the lemma is pointed in the note with a səḡôl.

2 KINGS 9:2 ‫יאת א ֹ֖תוֹ ֶ ֥ח ֶדר ְבּ ָ ֽח ֶדר׃‬ ֥ ָ ‫ֹתוֹ ִמ ֣תּוֹך ֶא ָ֔חיו וְ ֵה ֵב‬ ֙ ‫את וַ ֲה ֵ ֽ קמ‬ ָ֙ ‫וּב‬ ָ֨ ‫הוֹשׁ ֜ ָפט ֶבּן־נִ ְמ ִ֗שׁי‬ ָ ְ‫ה־שׁם יֵ ֨הוּא ֶבן־י‬ ָ֠ ‫את ָ ֑שׁ ָמּה ְוּר ֵ ֽא‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ָ֖ 9:2

‫את ָ ֑שׁ ָמּה‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ָ֖

Ten times at the beginning of a verse Com.: See 2 Kgs 6:14. 9:2

‫וַ ֲה ֵקמֹתוֹ‬

Unique 9:2

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

‫יאת‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵה ֵב‬

Twice plene

‫ראש פסוק‬ ̇ ̇‫י‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:2; Isa 43:23 (‫יאת‬ ָ ‫)ה ֵב‬ ֵ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written defective ‫את( י‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵה ֵב‬/‫את‬ ָ ‫) ֵה ֵב‬.

2 KINGS

129

2 KINGS 9:3 ‫וּפ ַת ְח ָ ֥תּ ַה ֶ ֛דּ ֶלת‬ ָ ‫הוה ְמ ַשׁ ְח ִ ֥תּי�ֽ ְל ֶ ֖מ ֶל� ֶאל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ה־א ַ ֣מר י‬ ָ ֹ‫אשׁוֹ וְ ָ ֽא ַמ ְר ָ֙תּ ֽכּ‬ ֔ ֹ ‫מן וְ יָ ַצ ְק ָ ֣תּ ַﬠל־ר‬ ֙ ֶ ‫�־ה ֶ֨שּׁ‬ ַ ‫וְ ָל ַק ְח ָ ֤תּ ַפ‬ ‫וְ ַנ ְ֖ס ָתּה וְ ֥ל ֹא ְת ַח ֶ ֽכּה׃‬ 9:3

‫וְ נַ ְס ָתּה‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemmma is unique written plene ‫ ה‬the Masorah is implying that this lemma occurs elsewhere written defective ‫ה‬. But there is no other occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ה‬, so the note should properly have read unique and plene (‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫) ̇ל‬. MC reads here the same as ML, but MA correctly reads unique.

2 KINGS 9:4 ‫מת גִּ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬ ֹ ֥ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֧ל� ַה ַנּ ַ֛ﬠר ַה ַנּ ַ֥ﬠר ַהנָּ ִ ֖ביא ָר‬ 9:4

‫ַהנַּ ַﬠר ַהנַּ ַﬠר‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring together only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §72.

2 KINGS 9:5 ‫אמר ֵא ֶ ֥לי� ַה ָ ֽשּׂר׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־מי ִמ ֻכּ ֔ ָלּנוּ וַ ֖יּ‬ ֣ ִ ‫הוּא ֶא‬ ֙ ֵ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ָדּ ָ ֥בר ִ ֛לי ֵא ֶל֖י� ַה ָ ֑שּׂר וַ ֤יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יָּ ֗ב ֹא וְ ִה ֨ ֵנּה ָשׂ ֵ ֤רי ַה ַ֨חיִ ל֙ ֹֽי ְשׁ ִ֔בים וַ ֕יּ‬ 9:5

‫ל־מי‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:5; Ezek 31:2; 31:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the separable prep. ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) with the inseparable prep. ‫ְל‬ (‫)ל ִמי‬, ְ and from its four occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ל־מי‬ ִ ‫ ;)וְ ֶא‬see 1 Sam 6:20. 9:5

Unique

‫ִמ ֻכּ ָלּנוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

130

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 9:6

‫ל־ﬠם‬ ֥ ַ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ְמ ַשׁ ְח ִ ֧תּי�ֽ ְל ֶ ֛מ ֶל� ֶא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא‬ ָ ֹ‫אמר ֗לוֹ ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אשׁוֹ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֑ ֹ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָק ֙ם וַ יָּ ֣ב ֹא ַה ַ֔בּיְ ָתה וַ יִּ ֥צֹק ַה ֶ ֖שּׁ ֶמן ֶאל־ר‬ ‫הו֖ה ֶאל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 9:6

‫ַה ָבּיְ ָתה‬

Nineteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Com.: See Josh 2:18. 9:6

‫רֹאשׁוֹ‬

Thirty-two times

Mp

‫̇ל ̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 16:19. 9:6

‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫כּ‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 10:18.

Mp

In some of the Mp references there is only one circellus between two of the words in the phrase, e.g., at 1 Kgs 14:7 and 2 Kgs 22:18 just on ‫ֹה־א ַמר‬ ָ ‫ ;כּ‬and here and Isa 37:21 just on ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬.

2 KINGS 9:7 ‫הו֖ה ִמיַּ ֥ד ִא ָיז ֶֽבל׃‬ ָ ְ‫ל־ﬠ ְב ֵ ֥די י‬ ַ ‫יאים ְוּד ֵ ֛מי ָכּ‬ ִ֗ ‫ת־בּית ַא ְח ָ ֖אב ֲאד ֶֹנ֑י� וְ נִ ַקּ ְמ ִ֞תּי ְדּ ֵ ֣מי ׀ ֲﬠ ָב ַ ֣די ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֥ ֵ ‫יתה ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫וְ ִ֨ה ִכּ‬ 9:7

‫יתה‬ ָ ‫וְ ִה ִכּ‬

Three times plene

Com.: See 1 Sam 15:3. 9:7

‫וְ נִ ַקּ ְמ ִתּי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Mp

1 Sam 14:24; 2 Kgs 9:7; Jer 51:36 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ וְ נִ ַקּ ְמ ִתּי‬three times 1 Sam 14:24 2 Kgs 9:7 Jer 51:36

‫ונקמתי ̇ג‬

131

Mm

‫ארור האיש אשר יאכל‬ ‫עבדי הנביאים‬ ‫את נקמתך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Judg 15:7.

2 KINGS 9:8 ‫ל־בּ֣ית ַא ְח ָ ֑אב וְ ִה ְכ ַר ִ ֤תּי ְל ַא ְח ָא ֙ב ַמ ְשׁ ִ ֣תּין ְבּ ִ֔קיר וְ ָﬠ ֥צוּר וְ ָﬠז֖ וּב ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָא ַ ֖בד ָכּ‬ 9:8 Twice

‫וְ ָﬠצוּר וְ ָﬠזוּב‬

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 21:21.

2 KINGS 9:10 ‫אכל֧ וּ ַה ְכּ ָל ִ ֛בים ְבּ ֵ ֥ח ֶלק יִ זְ ְר ֶ ֖ﬠאל וְ ֵ ֣אין ק ֵ ֹ֑בר וַ יִּ ְפ ַ ֥תּח ַה ֶ ֖דּ ֶלת וַ יָּ ֹֽנס׃‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־א ֶ֜יז ֶבל י‬ ִ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 9:10 Unique

‫ת־איזֶ ֶבל‬ ִ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without a cj. at 1 Kgs 16:31 and 21:23. 9:10

‫ק ֵֹבר‬

Twice, once defective and once plene 2 Kgs 9:10; Ps 79:3 (‫)קוֹבר‬ ֵ

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬Ps 79:3), and one written defective ‫( ו‬here).

132

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 9:11

‫יהם ַא ֶ ֛תּם יְ ַד ְﬠ ֶ ֥תּם‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫א־ה ְמ ֻשׁ ָגּ֥ע ַה ֶזּ֖ה ֵא ֶל֑י� וַ ֣יּ‬ ַ ‫אמר ֙לוֹ ֲה ָשׁ ֔לוֹם ַמ ֛דּ ַוּ� ָ ֽבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ﬠ ְב ֵד֣י ֲאד ֔ ָֹניו וַ ֤יּ‬ ַ ‫וְ יֵ ֗הוּא יָ ָצ ֙א ֶא‬ ‫יחוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫ת־שׂ‬ ִ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖אישׁ וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ 9:11

‫ַה ְמ ֻשׁגָּ ע‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish it from its three occurrences without this def. article (‫)מ ֻשׁגָּ ע‬. ְ 9:11

‫אַתּם יְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם‬ ֶ

‫אַתּם יְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם‬ ֶ twice

Gen 44:27 2 Kgs 9:11

‫אתם ידעתם ̇ב‬

Mm

‫כי שנים ילדה לי‬ ‫את האיש ואת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫אַתּם יְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם‬ ֶ ְ‫ )ו‬in Exod 23:9. The problem with this note is that there is another occurrence of this lemma at Deut 29:15.

A possible origin of this confusion is suggested by Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.). They point out that in MS5 at Deut 29:15 there is a Mp note, that reads twice, and that the twice there may have stood for twice (in the Torah, e.g., Gen 44:27 and Deut 29:15) or twice (with these accents, that is, mûnaḥ zaqeṕ, since only the Genesis and Deuteronomy occurrences have mûnaḥ zaqeṕ accents, whereas the occurrence here at 1 Kgs 9:11 has təḇîr and mêrəḵâ). Thus, as posited by Dotan/Reich, the original note before getting confused, might have meant to indicate: twice (1) the two Torah references; (2) 2 Kgs 9:11. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 9:11

‫ִשׂיחוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:11; Ps 102:1

Com.: At Ps 102:1 the Mp contains the catchwords ‫אַתּם יְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם( אתם ידעתם‬ ֶ ) referring the reader back to this verse.

2 KINGS

133

2 KINGS 9:14 ‫מת גִּ ְל ֗ ָﬠד ֚הוּא וְ ָכל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֥י ֲחזָ ֵ ֖אל‬ ֹ ֣ ‫יוֹר ֩ם ָה ָ֨יה שׁ ֵֹ֜מר ְבּ ָר‬ ָ ְ‫ל־יוֹרם ו‬ ֑ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ ָ ֥פט ֶבּן־נִ ְמ ִ ֖שׁי ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַק ֵ֗שּׁר יֵ ֛הוּא ֶבּן־י‬ ‫�־א ָ ֽרם׃‬ ֲ ‫ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 9:14

‫יוֹרם‬ ָ

Ten times

Mp

̇‫י‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 8:10.

2 KINGS 9:15 ‫ת־חזָ ֵ ֖אל ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֑רם‬ ֲ ‫שׁר יַ ֻכּ֣הוּ ֲא ַר ִ֔מּים ְבּ ִה ָלּ ֲ֣ח ֔מוֹ ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ים ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ן־ה ַמּ ִכּ‬ ַ ‫הוֹרם ַה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� ְל ִה ְת ַר ֵפּ֣א ִביְ זְ ְר ֗ ֶﬠאל ִמ‬ ֨ ָ ְ‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב֩ י‬ ‫ן־ה ֔ ִﬠיר ָל ֶל ֶ֖כת לֲ ִ ֥גּיד ְבּיִ זְ ְר ֶ ֽﬠאל׃‬ ָ ‫יט ִמ‬ ֙ ‫ם־י֣שׁ נַ ְפ ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ַאל־יֵ ֵצ֤א ָפ ִל‬ ֵ ‫הוּא ִא‬ ֙ ֵ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 9:15

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Sixteen times in the Prophets

1–5 6–10 11–15 16

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

1 Kgs 22:51; 2 Kgs 1:17a; 1:17b (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ‫;)ל‬ ִ 3:1 (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ִ‫ ;)ו‬3:6 2 Kgs 8:16; 8:25; 8:29; 9:15; 9:17 2 Kgs 9:21a; 9:21b; 9:22; 9:23; 9:24 2 Kgs 12:19 (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ִ‫)ו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫( י‬Joram) in various forms in the Prophets which are spelled with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its sixteen occurrences in various forms in the Prophets written without the ‫( ה‬e.g., ‫)יוֹרם‬. ָ

This distinction is implied in the various additional notations in the Mm at 2 Kgs 8:25 where the occurrences of ‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬are distinguished in the parallel passages from ‫יוֹרם‬ ָ . The Mp heading at 2 Kgs 1:17b (‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ‫)ל‬ ִ reads twice to enumerate the two occurrences of ‫יהוֹרם‬ ָ ‫ל‬,ִ there and at 2 Chr 21:3.

The Mp heading at 2 Kgs 8:25 reads three times enumerating the three occurrences of this lemma in that section (2 Kgs 8:16, 25, and 29). 9:15

Three times

‫אַל־יֵ ֵצא‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 16:29; 2 Kgs 9:15; 10:25 ——————————

134

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ אַל־יֵ ֵצא‬three times, and their references Exod 16:29 2 Kgs 9:15 2 Kgs 10:25

‫אל )יוצא( ]יצא[ ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫אל יצא איש ממקמו ביום‬ ‫אל יצא פליט‬ ‫איש אל יצא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫אַל‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences with ‫ל ֹא‬. 9:15

‫לֲ גִּ יד‬

Read ‫ְל ַהגִּ יד‬

‫להגיד ̇ק‬

—————————— Three times lacking a ‫ ה‬in the middle of a word 1 Sam 18:1 2 Kgs 9:15 Isa 32:15

Mp

‫במצע[ תיבותה‬ ̇ ] (‫בסופ‬ ̇ ) ‫̇ג חסירין ̇ה‬

Mm

‫ויאהבהו‬ ‫להגיד‬ ‫והכרמל‬

And their references 1 Sam 18:1 (= ‫)וַ יֶּ ֱא ָה ֵבהוּ‬ 2 Kgs 9:15 (= ‫)ל ַהגִּ יד‬ ְ Isa 32:15 (= ‫)וְ ַה ַכּ ְר ֶמל‬

‫וסימנהון‬ ‫רחמת‬ ‫למתנייה‬ ‫בכרמלה‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )לגיד‬and qərê (‫)ל ַהגִּ יד‬ ְ represent examples where the letter ‫ ה‬is assimilated; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 116.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of where a ‫ ה‬is lacking in the middle of a word; see also Frensdorff, Ochlah, §109, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §92.

The catchwords in the Mm are given both in Hebrew and Aramaic. The Aramaic catchwords are in the form of a mnemonic “she loved to tell it on the Carmel”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 83.

‫‪135‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 9:16‬‬ ‫ת־יוֹרם׃‬ ‫ָֽ‬ ‫הוּדה יָ ַ ֖רד ִל ְר ֥אוֹת ֶא‬ ‫יוֹרם שׁ ֵֹכ֣ב ָ ֑שׁ ָמּה ַו ֲֽא ַחזְ יָ ֙ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יְ ָ ֔‬ ‫אלה ִ ֥כּי ָ ֖‬ ‫הוּא וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� יִ זְ ְר ֔ ֶﬠ ָ‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ַ ֤כּב יֵ ֙‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪9:16‬‬

‫אלה‬ ‫יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠ ָ‬

‫‪Seven times‬‬

‫ז̇‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 19:18.‬‬ ‫‪9:16‬‬

‫יוֹרם‬ ‫‪ָ 1‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Ten times‬‬

‫י̇‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Sam 8:10.‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪9:16‬‬

‫שׁ ֵֹכב ָשׁ ָמּה‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 2:1.‬‬ ‫‪9:16‬‬

‫וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 1:2; 9:16; 9:23b; 9:27; 9:29‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 11:2b; 2 Chr 20:35‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫בעד השבכה‬ ‫וינס דרך בית הגן‬ ‫ואחריכן אתחבר‬ ‫וירכב יהוא וילך‬ ‫ובשנת אחת עשרה‬ ‫ותקח )יהושבעת( ]יהושבע[‬ ‫תינינה דפסוק‬ ‫ויהפך תינינה דפסוק‬

‫‪1–5‬‬ ‫‪6–7‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫ואחזיה ז̇‬

‫‪ seven times‬וֲ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬

‫‪2 Kgs 1:2‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 9:27‬‬ ‫‪2 Chr 20:35‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 9:16‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 9:29‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 11:2b‬‬ ‫)א ַחזְ יָ ה ‪the second (form of‬‬ ‫‪ֲ in the verse‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 9:23b‬‬ ‫)א ַחזְ יָ ה ‪the second (form of‬‬ ‫‪ֲ in the verse‬‬

‫‪1–5‬‬

‫‪6–7‬‬

136

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The heading of the Mp here of three is incorrect as there are seven occurrences of this lemma with, and without a ‫ ו‬cj. All the other highlighted Mp headings have seven as does MC and MA here.

It is possible that the enumeration of three orginally was to indicate the parallel form with a ‫ו‬ cj. ‫וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬, which does occur three times (2 Kgs 8:29, 9:21, and 12:19).

The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma in various forms ending in ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) in various forms ending in ‫( הוּ‬e.g., ‫)א ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬. ֲ

This distinction is implied in the additions in the Mm of the notation second (form of ‫)א ַחזְ יָ ה‬ ֲ in the verse to the 2 Kgs 11:2b and 9:23b references because the first form of Ahaziah’s name in both verses is written ‫א ַחזְ יָ הוּ‬. ֲ 9:16

Ten times

‫יוֹרם‬ ָ 2 ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Sam 8:10.

2 KINGS 9:17 ‫הוֹרם‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְפ ַ ֖ﬠת ֲא ִנ֣י ר ֶ ֹ֑אה וַ ֣יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוּא ְבּב ֹ֔אוֹ וַ ֕יּ‬ ֙ ֵ‫ת־שׁ ְפ ַ ֤ﬠת י‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ִמּגְ ָ ֜דּל ְבּיִ זְ ְר ֗ ֶﬠאל וַ ַ֞יּ ְרא ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ַהצּ ֶֹפ ֩ה ע ֵֹ֨מד ַ ֽﬠ‬ ‫אמר ֲה ָשׁ ֽלוֹם׃‬ ֥ ַ ֹ ‫אתם וְ י‬ ֖ ָ ‫ַ ֥קח ַר ָ ֛כּב וּֽ ְשׁ ַ ֥לח ִל ְק ָר‬ 9:17 Six times 1–5 6

‫אמר‬ ַ ֹ ‫וְ י‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:17; Isa 44:16; 44:17; Isa 58:9; Hab 2:6 Ps 58:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫אמר‬ ַ ֹ ‫ ;)וַ יּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §9E.

2 KINGS

137

2 KINGS 9:18 ‫ל־א ֲח ָ ֑רי וַ יַּ ֵגּ֤ד‬ ַ ‫וּל ָשׁל֖ וֹם ֣סֹב ֶ ֽא‬ ְ ֥�‫ה־לּ‬ ְ ‫אמר יֵ ֛הוּא ַמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ֲה ָשׁ ֔לוֹם וַ ֧יּ‬ ָ ֹ‫אמ ֙ר ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אתוֹ וַ ֨יּ‬ ֗ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶל�֩ ר ֵֹ֨כב ַה ֜סּוּס ִל ְק ָר‬ ‫א־שׁב׃‬ ֽ ָ ֹ ‫ד־הם וְ ֽל‬ ֖ ֵ ‫א־ה ַמּ ְל ָ ֥א� ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫מר ָ ֽבּ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ַהצּ ֶֹפ ֙ה ֵלא‬ 9:18

‫וּל ָשׁלוֹם‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:18; 9:19; Isa 9:6

—————————— ‫וּל ָשׁלוֹם‬ ְ three times

‫ולשלום ̇ג‬

2 Kgs 9:18 And its companion (2 Kgs 9:19) Isa 9:6

Mm ‫מה לך ולשלום סב אל אחרי‬ [‫)וחבי̇ ( ]וחבירו‬ ‫למרבה המשרה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the absol., to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the cstr. (‫ )וְ ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬at 2 Sam 11:7; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §21D. 9:18

Six times 1–5 6

‫סֹב‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Deut 2:3; 1 Sam 22:18; 2 Sam 18:30; 2 Kgs 9:18; 9:19 Cant 2:17

—————————— ‫ סֹב‬six times defective

1–5

6

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫סב ו‬

Mm

Deut 2:3 1 Sam 22:18 2 Sam 18:30 2 Kgs 9:18 And its companion (2 Kgs 9:19) Cant 2:17

‫ההר הזה‬ ‫לדויג‬ ‫התיצב‬ ‫אל אחרי‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫דמה‬

138

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp notes the six occurrences of this lemma but the Mm, which reads six times defective (‫)ו‬, is inexact since there are no occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬. This heading more precisely should have read, as the Mp heading at 2 Sam 18:30 and the Mm heading at Deut 2:3 read, six times and defective (‫)ו‬. MA reads here, with the Mp of ML, six times, and MC has no note. 9:18

Five times

‫א־שׁב‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5 1 Kgs 13:10; 2 Kgs 9:18; 9:20; Ezek 3:19; 33:9 ——————————

‫א־שׁב‬ ָ ֹ ‫ וְ ל‬five times, and their references 1–5

2 Kgs 9:18 2 Kgs 9:20 Ezek 3:19 1 Kgs 13:10 Ezek 33:9

‫ולא שב ̇ה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫בא המלאך‬ ‫בא עד אליהם‬ ‫מרשעו‬ ‫בדרך‬ ‫ואתה כי הזהרת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 9:19 ‫וּל ָשׁל֖ וֹם ֥סֹב ֶ ֽאל־‬ ְ ֥�‫ה־לּ‬ ְ ‫אמר יֵ ֛הוּא ַמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ה־א ַ ֥מר ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ָשׁל֑ וֹם וַ ֧יּ‬ ָ ֹ‫אמר ֽכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫סוּס ֵשׁנִ י֒ וַ יָּ ֣ב ֹא ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם וַ ֛יּ‬ ֮ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֗ ַלח ר ֵֹכ֣ב‬ ‫ַא ֲח ָ ֽרי׃‬ 9:19

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Thirteen times defective in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:16.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS

139

2 KINGS 9:20 ‫א־שׁב וְ ַה ִמּנְ ָ֗הג ְכּ ִמנְ ַה ֙ג יֵ ֣הוּא ֶבן־נִ ְמ ִ֔שׁי ִ ֥כּי ְב ִשׁגָּ ֖ﬠוֹן יִ נְ ָ ֽהג׃‬ ֑ ָ ֹ ‫יהם וְ ֽל‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ד־א ֵל‬ ֲ ‫מר ָ ֥בּא ַﬠ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וַ יַּ ֵגּ֤ד ַהצּ ֶֹפ ֙ה ֵלא‬ 9:20

‫א־שׁב‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 9:18. 9:20

‫ְב ִשׁגָּ עוֹן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 28:28; 2 Kgs 9:20

Com.: At Deut 28:28 the Mp heading contains a catchword ‫ )יִ נְ ָהג( ינהג‬referring the reader back to this verse.

2 KINGS 9:21 ‫אוּ‬ ֙ ‫הוּדה ִ ֣אישׁ ְבּ ִר ְכ ֗בּוֹ וַ יֵּ ְֽצ‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫�־י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל וַ ֲא ַחזְ ָ֨יהוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ִ֠ ‫הוֹרם ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֣ ָ ְ‫הוֹר ֙ם ֱא ֔סֹר וַ יֶּ ְא ֖סֹר ִר ְכ ֑בּוֹ וַ יֵּ ֵצ֣א י‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫אלי׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫ִל ְק ַ ֣ראת יֵ ֔הוּא וַ יִּ ְמ ָצ ֻ֔אהוּ ְבּ ֶח ְל ַ ֖ קת נָ ֥בוֹת ַהיִּ זְ ְר ֵﬠ‬ 9:21

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬2

Sixteen times in the Prophets

‫בנב‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 9:15. 9:21

Three times

‫וַ יִּ ְמ ָצ ֻאהוּ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 31:3.

Mp

Mp

140

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 9:22

‫יה‬ ָ ‫וּכ ָשׁ ֶ ֖פ‬ ְ ֛�‫נוּני ִא ֶיז ֶ֧בל ִא ְמּ‬ ֵ ֞ ְ‫אמ ֙ר ָ ֣מה ַה ָשּׁ ֔לוֹם ַﬠד־ז‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ֲה ָשׁל֣ וֹם יֵ ֑הוּא וַ ֨יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוֹר ֙ם ֶאת־יֵ ֔הוּא וַ ֖יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִכּ ְר ֤אוֹת י‬ ‫ָה ַר ִ ֽבּים׃‬ 9:22

‫הוֹרם‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Sixteen times in the Prophets

Com.: See above at 2 Kgs 9:15. 9:22

‫ַה ָשּׁלוֹם‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

‫בנב‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:22; Jer 25:37; 33:9; Zech 8:12 —————————— ‫ ַה ַָשּׁלוֹם‬four times

‫השלום ̇ד‬

2 Kgs 9:22 Zech 8:12 Jer 25:37 Jer 33:9

Mm

‫ויאמר מה השלום‬ ‫כי זרע השלום הגפן‬ ‫ונדמו נאות השלום‬ [‫ופחדו ורגזו )אל( ]על‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the def. article ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) with the interrog. ‫)ה ָשׁלוֹם( ֲה‬, ֲ one of which is in this verse; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §21C.

In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the interrog. ‫ ֲה ָשׁלוֹם‬that occurs early in the verse and directly above the correct lemma in the ms. but, as indicated in the Mm, it belongs on this lemma.

2 KINGS 9:23 ‫ל־א ַחזְ ָי֖הוּ ִמ ְר ָ ֥מה ֲא ַחזְ ָיֽה׃‬ ֲ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוֹרם יָ ָ ֖דיו וַ יָּ ֹ֑נס וַ ֥יּ‬ ֛ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ֲה ֹ֧פ� י‬ 9:23 Seven times

‫ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 9:16.

2 KINGS

141

2 KINGS 9:25 ‫אלי ִ ֽכּי־זְ ֞כֹר ֲא ִנ֣י וָ ַ֗א ָתּה ֵ ֣את ר ְֹכ ִ ֤בים‬ ֑ ִ ‫ל־בּ ְד ַק ֙ר ָ ֽשׁ ִל ֔שׁ ֹה ָ ֚שׂא ַה ְשׁ ִל ֵ֔כהוּ ְבּ ֶח ְל ַ ֕קת ְשׂ ֵ ֖דה נָ ֣בוֹת ַהיִּ זְ ְר ֵﬠ‬ ִ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ָ ֖שּׂא ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ ַ ‫ים ַ ֽא ֲח ֵר֙י ַא ְח ָ ֣אב ָא ִ֔ביו ַוֽיהוָ ֙ה נָ ָ ֣שׂא ָﬠ ֔ ָליו ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ְצ ָמ ִד‬ 9:25

‫ִבּ ְד ַקר‬

Unique 9:25

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ָשׁ ִלשׁ ֹה‬

Read ‫)שׁ ִל(שׁוֹ‬ ָ

‫שו ̇ק‬

—————————— Twice

Mp1

Mp2

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 9:25; 15:25 (‫)שׁ ִלישׁוֹ‬ ָ

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )שלשה‬contains the older masc. sg. ending ḥolem ‫ ה‬whereas the qərê (‫)שׁ ִלשׁוֹ‬ ָ contains the later masc. sg. sfx. in ‫ ;ו‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 93.

In the second Mp the Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( י‬2 Kgs 15:25), and one written defective ‫( י‬here). MC, as ML, has a kəṯîḇ/qərê here, but MA reads twice, one written ‫ שה‬and once written ‫שו‬. In ML there are two Mp notes but only one circellus. 9:25

‫וָ ַ֗א ָתּה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 31:44 (‫ ;)וָ ָ ֑א ָתּה‬1 Sam 20:23 (‫ ;)וָ ָ ֑א ָתּה‬2 Kgs 9:25 —————————— ‫אַתּה‬ ָ ָ‫ ו‬three times Gen 31:44 1 Sam 20:23 2 Kgs 9:25

‫ואתה ̇ג‬

Mm

‫לכה נכרתה ברית‬ ‫והדבר אשר דברנו‬ ‫כי זכר אני ואתה‬

142

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, which has a ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a qameṣ before a tone syllable. Two of these occurrences are with a qameṣ under the ‫( א‬Gen 31:44 and 1 Sam 20:23), and one is with a paṯaḥ (here). The heading to the Mm at Gen 31:44 reads three times, twice with qameṣ and once with paṯaḥ.

2 KINGS 9:26 ‫הו֑ה‬ ָ ְ‫הוה וְ ִשׁ ַלּ ְמ ִ ֥תּי ְל�֛ ַבּ ֶח ְל ָ ֥ קה ַה ֖זּ ֹאת נְ ֻאם־י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫יתי ֶ֨א ֶמ ֙שׁ נְ ֻאם־י‬ ִ ‫ת־דּ ֵ֨מי ָב ֜ ָניו ָר ִ ֤א‬ ְ ‫בוֹת וְ ֶא‬ ֩ ָ‫ת־דּ ֵ ֣מי נ‬ ְ ‫ם־ל ֹא ֶא‬ ֡ ‫ִא‬ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ָ ֧שׂא ַה ְשׁ ִל ֵכ֛הוּ ַבּ ֶח ְל ָ ֖ קה ִכּ ְד ַ ֥בר יְ הָוֽה׃‬ 9:26

‫ִאם־לֹא‬

Eight times at the beginning of a verse 1–5 6–8

‫פסוק‬ ̇ ‫ראש‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 24:38; Exod 22:7; Deut 28:58; 2 Kgs 9:26; Mal 2:2 Pss 7:13; 131:2; Cant 1:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (27x) at the beginning of a verse with a cj. (‫ ;)וְ ִאם־לֹא‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §90B. This enumeration does not include the six occurrences of this lemma in the book of Job.

The Mp heading at Mal 2:2 reads eight times at the beginning of a verse and similarly all Job apart from two (‫)וְ ִאם־לֹא‬. A similar formulation occurs in the Mm at Mal 2:2 and Ps 131:2. 9:26

‫ת־דּ ֵמי‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

‫ת־דּ ֵמי‬ ְ ‫ וְ ֶא‬twice

2 Kgs 9:26 Isa 4:4

‫ואת דמי ̇ב‬ ‫אם לא את דמי נבות‬ ‫ירושלם ידיח‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj., one of which is in the same verse.

2 KINGS

143

2 KINGS 9:27 ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָ֗בה‬ ַ ‫אמר גַּ ם־א ֹ֞תוֹ ַה ֻכּ֣הוּ ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוּד ֙ה ָר ָ֔אה וַ ָ֕יּנָ ס ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� ֵבּ֣ית ַה ָגּ֑ ן וַ יִּ ְר ֨דּ ֹף ַא ֲח ָ ֜ריו יֵ ֗הוּא ַו֠יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ֲא ַחזְ ָי֤ה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ‫שׁר ֶ ֽאת־יִ ְב ְל ֔ ָﬠם וַ יָּ ֥נָ ס ְמגִ ֖דּוֹ וַ יָּ ָ֥מת ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ה־גוּר ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ְבּ ַ ֽמ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ 9:27

‫וַ ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 9:16. 9:27

‫ַה ֻכּהוּ‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:27; 12:22 (‫;)ה ֻכּהוּ‬ ִ 19:37 (‫;)ה ֻכּהוּ‬ ִ Isa 37:38 (‫;)ה ֻכּהוּ‬ ִ 2 Chr 22:6 (‫)ה ֻכּהוּ‬ ִ

——————————

‫ ַה ֻכּהוּ‬five times defective, and their references 1–5

2 Kgs 9:27 2 Kgs 12:22 2 Kgs 19:37 And its companion (Isa 37:38) 2 Chr 22:6

‫חס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫הכהו ̇ה‬

Mm

[‫)אחזיהו( ]ואחזיה‬ [‫)ויזכד( ]ויוזבד‬ ‫בית נסרך‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫להתרפא ביזרעאל‬

Com.: The headings of both the Mp and Mm of five times defective (first ‫ )ו‬are inexact since there are no occurrences of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬. The headings more precisely should have read five times and defective.

Four of these forms (‫)ה ֻכּהוּ‬ ִ are 3rd masc. pl. perfects with a sfx., and one (‫ה ֻכּהוּ‬,ַ here) is a pl. imper. with a sfx. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

144

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 9:28 ‫ם־אב ָ ֹ֖תיו ְבּ ִ ֥ﬠיר ָדִּ ֽוד׃ פ‬ ֲ ‫רוּשׁ ָ ֑ל ְָמה וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֨רוּ א ֹ֧תוֹ ִב ְק ֻב ָר ֛תוֹ ִﬠ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ְר ִ ֧כּבוּ א ֹ֛תוֹ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֖דיו י‬

9:28

‫רוּשׁ ָ ְל ָמה‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Five times with qameṣ 1–5

‫ָ֗ה‬

Mp

1 Kgs 10:2; 2 Kgs 9:28; Isa 36:2; Ezek 8:3; 2 Chr 32:9

—————————— ‫רוּשׁ ָל ָמה‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬five times

1–5

‫ירושלמה ̇ה‬

1 Kgs 10:2 2 Kgs 9:28 ‫ ַרב ָשׁ ֵקה‬of Isaiah (Isa 36:2) Ezek 8:3 2 Chr 32:9

Mm [‫)ותבוא( ]ותבא‬ ‫וירכבו‬ ‫רב שקה דישעיה‬ [‫)בציצית( ]בציצת‬ ‫)אחרי( ]אחר[ זה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its vastly more numerous occurrences (over 300) without this adverbial ‫ה‬. This distinction is implied in the Mm list in the additional note to the Isa 36:2 reference, where the addition of Isaiah to this reference distinguishes it from its parallel verse at 2 Kgs 18:17, where the lemma occurs as �‫רוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ְ‫י‬.

The heading of the Mm at Isa 36:2 reads five times, four defective, and one plene referring to the fact that only the form ‫רוּשׁ ַליְ ָמה‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬at 2 Chr 32:9 is written with a medial ‫י‬, whereas in the other forms only the vowel for this ‫ י‬is written between the ‫ ל‬and the ‫מ‬. The distinctiveness of the 2 Chr 32:9 form is also indicated in the Mp heading there which reads unique plene.

2 KINGS 9:29 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ן־א ְח ָ ֑אב ָמ ַ ֥ל� ֲא ַחזְ ָי֖ה ַﬠל־י‬ ַ ‫יוֹרם ֶבּ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וּב ְשׁנַ ֙ת ַא ַ ֣חת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֣רה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ְל‬ ִ 9:29 Ten times

‫וּב ְשׁנַ ת‬ ִ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:1.

2 KINGS 9:29

‫ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 1:2.

145

Mp

2 KINGS 9:30 ‫ֹאשׁהּ וַ ַתּ ְשׁ ֵ ֖ קף ְבּ ַ ֥ﬠד ַה ַח ֽלּוֹן׃‬ ָ֔ ‫יטב ֶאת־ר‬ ֶ ‫יה וַ ֵ ֣תּ‬ ָ֙ ‫֑אלה וְ ִא ֶיז ֶ֣בל ָשׁ ְמ ֗ ָﬠה וַ ָ֨תּ ֶשׂם ַבּ ֤פּוּ� ֵﬠ ֨ ֶינ‬ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֥בוֹא יֵ ֖הוּא יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠ‬ 9:30

‫וַ יָּ בוֹא‬

Sixteen times plene

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:13. 9:30

Unique

‫יטב‬ ֶ ‫וַ ֵתּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the qal (‫יטב‬ ַ ‫ )וַ ִתּ‬at Esth 2:9.

2 KINGS 9:32 ‫יסים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫�שׁה ָס ִר‬ ֖ ָ ‫אמר ִ ֥מי ִא ִ ֖תּי ִ ֑מי וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֣ קיפוּ ֵא ֔ ָליו ְשׁ ַנ֥ יִ ם ְשׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ַח ֔לּוֹן וַ ֕יּ‬ ֣ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ָ ֤שּׂא ָפנָ ֙יו ֶא‬ 9:32 Unique

‫ִמי ִא ִתּי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 9:33 ‫סּוּסים ַוֽ יִּ ְר ְמ ֶ ֽסנָּ ה׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫ל־ה‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ִ ֛קּיר וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וּה וַ ִ֨יּז ִמ ָדּ ָ ֧מהּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֻ ֖ט ָהו ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְמ ֑ט‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 9:33

‫ִשׁ ְמ ֻט ָהו‬

Read ‫טוּה‬ ָ ‫ִשׁ ְמ‬

‫שמטוה ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫שמטהו‬, throw him down), and the qərê (‫טוּה‬ ָ ‫שׁ ְמ‬, ִ throw her down) represent variant forms where the qərê is preferable to the kəṯîḇ; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 152. This form is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬written at the end of a word is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §120, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §106.

146

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

9:33

‫טוּה וַ יִּ ז‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְמ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

In ML the circellus has been placed between these two words, but in MC and MA the circellus is only on ‫וַ יִּ ז‬. Placing the circellus solely on ‫ וַ יִּ ז‬allows a contrast to be made betwen the qal (‫ )וַ יִּ ז‬and the hiphil (‫)וַ יַּ ז‬, which occurs twice at Lev 8:11 and 8:30; see the Mm at Lev 8:11 sub ‫וַ יַּ ז‬. 9:33

‫וַ יִּ ז ִמ ָדּ ָמה ֶאל‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Lev 14:51 (‫ ;)וְ ִהזָּ ה ֶאל‬Num 19:4 (‫ ;)וְ ִהזָּ ה ֶאל‬2 Kgs 9:33a; 33b (‫)וְ ֶאל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of various forms of sprinkling towards ( ‫ֲהזָ ָאה‬ ‫)אל‬, ֶ utilizing both the qal (‫ )וַ יִּ ז‬and the hiphil (‫)וְ ִהזָּ ה‬.

The form ‫ וַ יִּ ז‬in this verse serves double duty. It is counted first with ‫ ֶאל ַה ִקּיר‬and then with the following ‫סּוּסים‬ ִ ‫ ;וְ ֶאל ַה‬see Ginsburg, 2, ‫נ‬, §155, and Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

In ML a circellus has been placed only between ‫ ִמ ָדּ ָמה‬and ‫אל‬, ֶ but the note applies to all three words. 9:33

‫ִמ ָדּ ָמהּ‬

Seven times 1–5 6

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Lev 4:30; 6:20; 6:23; Num 19:4a; 19:4b 2 Kgs 9:33

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven times is incorrect since there are only six occurrences of this lemma. The error is no doubt a graphic one, a confusion of ‫ ז‬seven with ‫ ו‬six; see also Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences without this preposition.

The Mp headings at Lev 6:23, Num 19:4a, and Num 19:4b read correctly five times in the Torah.

The Mp heading at Lev 4:30 of twice in the Torah is incorrect, but the heading of its Mm is correct and it lists the five Torah references. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS

147

2 KINGS 9:35 ‫ם־הגֻּ ְל ֹ֛גּ ֶלת וְ ָה ַרגְ ַל֖יִ ם וְ ַכ ֥פּוֹת ַהיָּ ָ ֽדיִ ם׃‬ ַ ‫א־מ ְצאוּ ָ֗בהּ ִ ֧כּי ִא‬ ֣ ָ ֹ ‫וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ ְל ָק ְב ָ ֑רהּ וְ ל‬ 9:35

‫וְ ָה ַרגְ ַליִ ם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with prefix ‫ ו‬and once with prefix ‫ ;וה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §9, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §9. 9:35

‫וְ ַכפּוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 9:35; Dan 10:10; 2 Chr 24:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 9:37 ‫אמ ֖רוּ ֥ז ֹאת ִא ָיז ֶֽבל׃ פ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ל־פּ ֵנ֥י ַה ָשּׂ ֶ ֖דה ְבּ ֵ ֣ח ֶלק יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠ֑אל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֽל ֹא־י‬ ְ ‫ְ ֽו ָהיְ ָ֞ת נִ ְב ַל֣ת ִא ֶ֗יז ֶבל ְכּ ֛ד ֹ ֶמן ַﬠ‬ 9:37

‫וְ ָהיְ ָ֞ת‬

Read ‫וְ ָהיְ ָתה‬

‫והיתה ̇ק‬

——————————

Mp1

Three times with the accent (geršayim)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp2

1 Sam 13:21; 2 Kgs 9:37; Zeph 2:6

Com.: In the first Mp, the kəṯîḇ (‫ )והית‬reads the fem. archaic form ‫ וְ ָהיָ ת‬and the qərê (‫)וְ ָהיְ ָתה‬ reads the more usual fem. form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 105.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ ה‬at the end of a word that is not written is read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §111, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §93. For the second Mp note of three times with the accent (geršayim), see 1 Sam 13:21.

In ML there are two Mp notes but only one circellus.

148

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 10:1

‫ל־הא ְֹמ ִ ֥נים‬ ָ ‫ל־שׂ ֵ ֤רי יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠאל֙ ַהזְּ ֵק ֔ ִנים וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וּל ַא ְח ָ ֛אב ִשׁ ְב ִ ֥ﬠים ָבּ ִנ֖ים ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן וַ יִּ ְכתֹּב֩ יֵ ֨הוּא ְס ָפ ִ ֜רים וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח שׁ ְֹמ ֗רוֹן ֶא‬ ְ ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ַא ְח ָ ֖אב ֵלא‬ 10:1

‫אַח ָאב‬ ְ ‫וּל‬ ְ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj., one of which occurs in v. 17. 10:1

‫ָהא ְֹמנִ ים‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed as an active ptcpl. (the guardians), possibly to distinguish it from its sole occurrence pointed as a passive ptcpl. (‫ה ֱא ֻמנִ ים‬,ָ the supported ones) at Lam 4:5.

2 KINGS 10:2 ‫סּוּסים וְ ִ ֥ﬠיר ִמ ְב ָ ֖צר וְ ַה ָנּ ֶֽשׁק׃‬ ִ֔ ‫יכם וְ ִא ְתּ ֶכ֖ם ְבּ ֵנ֣י ֲאד ֹנֵ ֶיכ֑ם וְ ִא ְתּ ֶכ ֙ם ָה ֶ ֣ר ֶכב וְ ַה‬ ֶ֔ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ְכּ ֨ב ֹא ַה ֵ ֤סּ ֶפר ַהזֶּ ֙ה ֲא ֵל‬ 10:2

‫ְכּבֹא‬

Six times defective

Com.: See 1 Kgs 22:36. 10:2

‫וְ ִא ְתּ ֶכם‬1

Three times

‫̇ג‬

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Mp

Num 1:4; 2 Kgs 10:2a;10:2b

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (48x) without a cj. 10:2

‫וְ ִא ְתּ ֶכם‬2

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above.

2 KINGS 10:2

‫וְ ַהנָּ ֶשׁק‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

149

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Neh 3:19.

2 KINGS 10:3 ‫יכם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֵ‫ל־בּית ֲאד ֹנ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ל־כּ ֵ ֣סּא ָא ִ ֑ביו וְ ִ ֽה ָלּ ֲח ֖מוּ ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫יכם וְ ַשׂ ְמ ֶ ֖תּם ַﬠ‬ ֶ֔ ֵ‫יתם ַה ֤טּוֹב וְ ַהיָּ ָשׁ ֙ר ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ֲאד ֹנ‬ ֶ֞ ‫ְוּר ִא‬ 10:3 Twice:

‫וְ ִה ָלּ ֲחמוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:3; Neh 4:8

Com.: The Mp heading at Neh 4:8 contains the catchwords ‫ל־בּית( על בית אדניכם‬ ֵ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫יכם‬ ֶ ֵ‫)אד ֹנ‬ ֲ referring the reader back to this verse.

2 KINGS 10:4 ‫מד ֲא ָנ ְֽחנוּ׃‬ ֹ ֥ ‫אמ ֔רוּ ִהנֵּ ֙ה ְשׁ ֵנ֣י ַה ְמּ ָל ִ֔כים ֥ל ֹא ָﬠ ְמ ֖דוּ ְל ָפ ָנ֑יו וְ ֵ ֖אי� נַ ֲﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫אד וַ ֣יּ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫אד ְמ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫אוּ ְמ‬ ֙ ‫וַ ִיּ ְֽ ר‬ 10:4

‫וַ יִּ ְראוּ‬

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 4:14. 10: 4

Six times:

‫ְמאֹד ְמאֹד‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 7:47.

Mp

150

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 10:5

‫ים וְ ָהא ְֹמ ֨ ִנים ֶאל־יֵ ֤הוּא ׀ ֵלאמ ֹ֙ר ֲﬠ ָב ֶד֣י� ֲא ֔ ַנ ְחנוּ וְ ֛כֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ֩ ִ‫ל־ה ֟ ִﬠיר וְ ַהזְּ ֵקנ‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ַבּ֣יִ ת וַ ֲא ֶ ֪שׁר ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ר־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ֹאמר ֵא ֵל֖ינוּ נַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֑שׂה ֽל ֹא־נַ ְמ ִ ֣לי� ִ֔אישׁ ַה ֥טּוֹב ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינ֖י� ֲﬠ ֵ ֽשׂה׃‬ ַ֥ ‫תּ‬ 10:5

‫ל־ה ֟ ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫וַ ֲא ֶ ֪שׁר ַﬠ‬

Sixteen times with the accents (galgal and pazer gaḏôl) Com.: See Josh 19:51.

‫ו̇ י̇ בטע‬

Mp

In ML there is only one circellus on this phrase between ‫ וַ ֲא ֶשׁר‬and ‫ﬠל‬. ַ 10:5

�‫נַ ְמ ִלי‬

Unique and defective*

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. *ML, contrary to M (�‫)נַ ְמ ִל‬, writes this lemma plene ‫ ;)נַ ְמ ִלי�( י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 125. However, the Masoretic note unique and defective supports the text of M.

Both MC and MA, in conformity with M, read here �‫נַ ְמ ִל‬. The Mp of MA reads unique and defective, and the Mp of MC reads the same but adds and once ‫וְ נַ ְמ ִלי� ֶמ ֶל�( ונמלך מלך‬, Isa 7:6).

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Isa 7:6), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1. In Frensdorff this form is written defective ‫י‬, but in Díaz-Esteban it is written plene ‫י‬.

2 KINGS 10:6 ‫יכם‬ ֶ֔ ֵ‫ֽי־אד ֹנ‬ ֲ ‫שׁי ְב ֵנ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫אשׁי ַאנ‬ ֙ ֵ ‫ת־ר‬ ָ ‫חוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וּלק ִ ֹ֣לי ׀ ַא ֶ ֣תּם שׁ ְֹמ ֗ ִﬠים ְק‬ ְ ‫ם־לי ַא ֶ֜תּם‬ ִ ֨ ‫מר ִא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫יה ֩ם ֵ֨ס ֶפר ׀ ֵשׁ ֜ ִנית ֵלא‬ ֶ ‫תּב ֲא ֵל‬ ֹ ֣ ‫וַ יִּ ְכ‬ ‫אוֹתם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫וּב ֵ ֤ני ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ִ֔אישׁ ֶאת־גְּ ד ֵ ֹ֥לי ָה ִ ֖ﬠיר ְמגַ ְדּ ִ ֥לים‬ ְ ‫֑אלה‬ ָ ‫וּ ֧בֹאוּ ֵא ַל֛י ָכּ ֵ ֥ﬠת ָמ ָ ֖חר יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠ‬ 10:6 Unique

‫וּלק ִֹלי‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without a cj. (‫קוֹלי‬ ִ ‫)ל‬ ְ at Judg 2:20 and Ps 81:12.

2 KINGS 10:6

151

‫יכם‬ ֶ ֵ‫י־אד ֹנ‬ ֲ ֵ‫אַנְ ֵשׁי ְבנ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫יכם‬ ֶ ֵ‫י־אד ֹנ‬ ֲ ֵ‫ ְבנ‬with ‫אַנְ ֵשׁי‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without ‫ אַנְ ֵשׁי‬in v. 2.

2 KINGS 10:7 ‫דּוּדים‬ ֔ ִ ‫יה ֙ם ַבּ‬ ֶ ‫אשׁ‬ ֵ ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֣י ַה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ֲח ֖טוּ ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ִ ֑אישׁ וַ יָּ ִ ֤שׂימוּ ֶאת־ ָ ֽר‬ ְ ‫חוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יהם וַ יִּ ְק‬ ֶ֔ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ְכּ ֤ב ֹא ַה ֵ֨סּ ֶפ ֙ר ֲא ֵל‬ ‫אלה׃‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְל ֥חוּ ֵא ָל֖יו יִ זְ ְר ֶ ֽﬠ‬ 10:7

‫ְכּבֹא‬

Six times defective

Com.: See 1 Kgs 22:36.

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on ‫ גְּ ד ֵֹלי‬of the preceding line in the ms. but it belongs on ‫ ְכּבֹא‬since ‫ גְּ ד ֵֹלי‬occurs only once. 10:7

‫אלה‬ ָ ‫יִ זְ ְר ֶﬠ‬

Seven times:

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See Josh 19:18.

Mp

2 KINGS 10:8 ‫אמר ִ ֣שׂימוּ א ָֹ֞תם ְשׁ ֵנ֧י ִצ ֻבּ ִ ֛רים ֶ ֥פּ ַתח ַה ַ ֖שּׁ ַﬠר ַﬠד־‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ֽי־ה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ ֗יּ‬ ַ ‫אשׁי ְב ֵנ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫מר ֵה ִ ֖ביאוּ ָר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וַ יָּ ֤ב ֹא ַה ַמּ ְל ָא ֙� וַ יַּ גֶּ ד־ל֣ וֹ ֵלא‬ ‫ַה ֽבֹּ ֶקר׃‬ 10:8 Unique

‫ִצ ֻבּ ִרים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

152

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 10:9

‫וּמי ִה ָ ֖כּה‬ ֥ ִ ‫ל־אד ֹנִ ֙י וָ ֶא ְה ְר ֔ ֵגהוּ‬ ֲ ‫ל־ה ֔ ָﬠם ַצ ִדּ ִ ֖ קים ַא ֶ ֑תּם ִה ֨ ֵנּה ֲא ֜ ִני ָק ַ ֤שׁ ְר ִתּי ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫מד וַ ֨יּ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ַב ֨בֹּ ֶק ֙ר וַ יֵּ ֵצ֣א ַ ֽו יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ‫ל־א ֶלּה׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ 10:9

‫ַצ ִדּ ִקים‬

Seven times defective in the Prophets 1–3

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

1 Kgs 2:32; 2 Kgs 10:9; Hos 14:10 (‫)וְ ַצ ִדּ ִקים‬

Mp

——————————

‫ ַצ ִדּ ִקים‬three times defective in the Prophets, and their references 1–3

1 Kgs 2:32 2 Kgs 10:9 Hos 14:10

‫בנביא וסימנהון‬ ֯ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫צדקים ̇ג‬

Mm

‫והשיב יהוה את דמו‬ ‫ויהי בבקר‬ ‫מי חכם ויבן אלה‬

Com.: The heading of the Mp here of seven is incorrect since there are only three occurrences of this lemma as correctly noted in the Mm and in all the headings highlighted above.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets that are written defective first ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the Prophets that are written plene first ‫יקים( י‬ ִ ‫)צ ִדּ‬ ַ at Isa 5:23 and 60:21.

MA correctly reads here three times defective. MC has a circellus but no note here; see Castro, El codice, 3:228. 10:9

Twice:

‫וָ ֶא ְה ְרגֵ הוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Sam 4:10; 2 Kgs 10:9

2 KINGS

153

2 KINGS 10:10 ‫שׁר ִדּ ֶ֔בּר ְבּ ַי֖ד‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יהו֣ה ָﬠ ָ֔שׂה ֵ ֚את ֲא‬ ָ ַ‫ל־בּ֣ית ַא ְח ָ ֑אב ו‬ ֵ ‫הו֖ה ַﬠ‬ ָ ְ‫ר־דּ ֶ ֥בּר י‬ ִ ‫ְדּ ֣ﬠוּ ֵא ֗פוֹא ִכּי֩ ֨ל ֹא יִ ֜ ֹפּל ִמ ְדּ ַ ֤בר יְ הוָ ֙ה ַ֔א ְר ָצה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ַﬠ ְב ֥דּוֹ ֵא ִליָּ ֽהוּ׃‬ 10:10

‫ִמ ְדּ ַבר‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 19:44.

2 KINGS 10:11 ‫ד־בּ ְל ִ ֥תּי ִה ְשׁ ִ ֽאיר־ל֖ וֹ‬ ִ ‫וּמיֻ ָדּ ָﬠ֣יו וְ כ ֲֹה ָנ֑יו ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫ית־א ְח ָא ֙ב ְבּיִ זְ ְר ֔ ֶﬠאל וְ ָכל־גְּ ד ָֹל֖יו‬ ַ ‫ל־הנִּ ְשׁ ָא ִ ֤רים ְל ֵב‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ֣ � יֵ ֗הוּא ֵ ֣את ָכּ‬ ‫ָשׂ ִ ֽריד׃‬ 10:11

� ַ‫וַ יּ‬

The first (phrase) 2 Kgs 10:11

The second (phrase) 2 Kgs 10:17

‫קדמייה‬ Mm ‫ויך יהוא את כל הנשארים לבית אחאב‬ ‫תינינה‬ ‫ויבא שמרון ויך את כל הנשארים‬

Com.: The Masorah indicates the difference between parallel phrases in a similar context.

The first time that the phrase occurs in v. 11 it is ‫ית־אַח ָאב‬ ְ ‫ל־הנִּ ְשׁ ָא ִרים ְל ֵב‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ � יֵ הוּא ֵאת ָכּ‬, but the second time it occurs in v. 17 Jehu is not mentioned nor is the house (of Ahab) ‫ת־כּל־‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ � ֶא‬ ‫אַח ָאב‬ ְ ‫ ַהנִּ ְשׁ ָא ִרים ְל‬. 10:11

‫גְּ ד ָֹליו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:11; Jonah 3:7 (‫)וּגְ ד ָֹליו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Jonah 3:7), and one without a cj. (here).

154 10:11 Unique 1–2

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ כ ֲֹהנָ יו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:11; 2 Chr 13:12

—————————— ‫< וְ כ ֲֹהנָ יו‬twice>

1–2

̇ב‬

Mm

2 Kgs 10:11 ‫ומידעיו וכהניו‬ 2 Chr 13:12 ‫והנה עמנו בראש‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences written without a cj. (‫)כּ ֲֹהנָ יו‬, one of which is found in this same chapter in v. 19. Both MC and MA correctly read here twice.

2 KINGS 10:12 ‫ית־ﬠ ֶקד ָהר ִ ֹ֖ﬠים ַבּ ָ ֽדּ ֶר�׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָק ֙ם וַ יָּ ֔ב ֹא וַ יֵּ ֶ֖ל� שׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן ֛הוּא ֵ ֽבּ‬ 10:12

�‫וַ יָּ בֹא וַ יֵּ ֶל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

10:12

‫ֵﬠ ֶקד‬

Twice:

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in this order, to distinguish it from its occurrence in the reverse order (‫ )וַ יֵּ ֶל� וַ יָּ בֹא‬at Judg 19:10. Mp

2 Kgs 10:12; 10:14

2 KINGS

155

2 KINGS 10:13 ‫הוּ ֲא ֔ ַנ ְחנוּ וַ ֵנּ ֶ֛ רד ִל ְשׁל֥ וֹם ְבּ ֵנֽי־‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֗רוּ ֲא ֵ ֤חי ֲא ַחזְ ָ֨י‬ ְ ֹ ‫אמר ִ ֣מי ַא ֶ ֑תּם וַ יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוּדה וַ ֖יּ‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫חי ֲא ַחזְ ָי֣הוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ֙ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֲ ‫וְ יֵ ֗הוּא ָמ ָצ ֙א ֶא‬ ‫ירה׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫וּב ֵנ֥י ַהגְּ ִב‬ ְ �‫ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל‬ 10:13

‫ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬

Four times:

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Sam 11:7a; 11:7b (‫ ;)וְ ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬2 Sam 11:7c (‫ ;)וְ ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬2 Kgs 10:13 ——————————

‫ ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬four times, and their references 2 Sam 11:7a Three times in the verse (11:7b; 11:7c) 2 Kgs 10:13

‫לשלום ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ויבא אוריה >אליו< וישאל דוד‬ ‫שלשה בפסוקה‬ ‫ונרד לשלום‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the cstr., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (29x) in the absol. (‫וּל ָשׁלוֹם‬ ְ /‫) ְל ָשׁלוֹם‬.

The Mp headings at 2 Sam 11:7b and 11:7c both read twice indicating the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וְ ִל ְשׁלוֹם‬.

2 KINGS 10:14 ‫א־ה ְשׁ ִ ֥איר ִ ֖אישׁ‬ ִ ֹ ‫וּשׁ ֨ ַניִ ֙ם ִ֔אישׁ וְ ֽל‬ ְ ‫ית־ﬠ ֶקד ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֤ﬠים‬ ֵ ֗ ‫ל־בּוֹר ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֣ ‫אמ ֙ר ִתּ ְפ ֣שׂוּם ַח ִ֔יּים ַוֽ יִּ ְת ְפּ ֖שׂוּם ַחיִּ ֑ים ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ָח ֞טוּם ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ֵמ ֶ ֽהם׃ ס‬ 10:14

‫ִתּ ְפשׂוּם‬

Three times:

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:18b. 10:14

‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּם‬

Twice:

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:14; 2 Chr 29:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the masc. pl. sfx., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without a sfx. (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲחטוּ‬.

156

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

10:14

‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּם ֶאל‬

‫יטא ֶאל‬ ָ ‫ ְשׁ ִח‬five times

1–5

‫שחיטא אל ̇ה‬

2 Kgs 10:14 Judg 12:6 Jer 41:7 Ezek 40:39 Ezek 40:41

(‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּם‬ (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּהוּ‬ (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָח ֵטם‬ (‫)ל ְשׁחוֹט‬ ִ (‫)יִ ְשׁ ָחטוּ‬

Mm [‫אל בור בית )עקר( ]עקד‬ ‫אל מעברות הירדן‬ ‫וישחטם ישמעאל בן נתניה‬ ‫לשחוט אליהם‬ ‫שמונה שלחנות אליהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of forms of the verb ‫ ָשׁ ַחט‬together with the prep. ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from occurrences of forms of this verb with the prep. ‫ﬠל‬, ַ such as ‫( ִת ְשׁ ַחט ַﬠל‬Exod 34:25) and ‫( וְ ָשׁ ַחט אֹתוֹ ַﬠל‬Lev 1:11). 10:14

Unique

‫א־ה ְשׁ ִאיר‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 10:15 ‫בי‬ ֙ ִ ‫ת־ל ָב ְב�֣ יָ ָ֗שׁר ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ְל ָב‬ ְ ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו ֲה ֵי֧שׁ ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אתוֹ ַוֽ יְ ָב ְר ֵ֗כהוּ וַ ֨יּ‬ ֜ ‫ן־ר ָ֨כב ִל ְק ָר‬ ֵ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� ִמ ָ֡שּׁם וַ יִּ ְמ ָצ֣א ֶאת־יְ הוֹנָ ָדב֩ ֶבּ‬ ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָ ֽבה׃‬ ַ ‫אמר יְ הוֹנָ ָ ֥דב ֵי֛שׁ וָ ֵי֖שׁ ְתּ ָנ֣ה ֶאת־יָ ֶ ֑ד� וַ יִּ ֵ ֣תּן יָ ֔דוֹ וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥להוּ ֵא ָל֖יו ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ם־ל ָב ֶ֔ב� וַ ֨יּ‬ ְ ‫ִﬠ‬ 10:15 Unique

‫יֵ שׁ וָ יֵ שׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The second part of this lemma ‫ וָ יֵ שׁ‬is featured in a Masoretic list of words only occurring once that start with a ָ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §.71. 10:15

Four times

‫ל־ה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָבה‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

1–2 2 Kgs 9:27; 10:15

Com.: The Mp heading of four times is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ַה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָבה‬with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫ ַﬠל‬in 1 Kgs 20:33.

2 KINGS

157

In some printed editions this phrase here is found with the prep. ‫ ; ַﬠל‬it is even featured in Ochla in a list of phrases occurring only once with the prep. ‫;ﬠל‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §76, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §155. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 10:17 ‫ל־א ִליָּ ֽהוּ׃ פ‬ ֵ ‫הוה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִדּ ֶ ֖בּר ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ד־ה ְשׁ ִמ ֑ידוֹ ִכּ ְד ַ ֣בר י‬ ִ ‫ל־הנִּ ְשׁ ָא ִ ֧רים ְל ַא ְח ָ ֛אב ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֖רוֹן ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙א ֽשׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן ַו֠יַּ � ֶא‬ 10:17

‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ִכּ ְד ַ ֣בר י‬

Four times with the accents (mûnaḥ and zaqeṕ)

Mp

‫בט‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times with these accents (mûnaḥ and zaqeṕ in the book) seems to be incorrect since there are five occurrences of this lemma. MC similarly reads here four times with these accents in the book. For a possible explanation of this difference, see 1 Kgs 15:29. MA has no note here.

2 KINGS 10:18 ‫ת־ה ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל ְמ ָ ֑ﬠט יֵ ֖הוּא יַ ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֥דנּוּ ַה ְר ֵ ֽבּה׃‬ ַ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ַא ְח ָ֕אב ָﬠ ַ ֥בד ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ֔ ָﬠם וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫הוּא ֶא‬ ֙ ֵ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֤בֹּץ י‬ 10:18

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Thirteen times defective in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:16.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS 10:19 ‫יאי ַה ַ֡בּ ַﬠל ָכּל־ע ְֹב ָ ֣דיו וְ ָכל־כּ ֲֹהנָ יו֩ ִק ְר ֨אוּ ֵא ֜ ַלי ִ ֣אישׁ ַאל־יִ ָפּ ֵ ֗קד ִכּי֩ ֶ֨ז ַבח גָּ ֥דוֹל ִל֙י ַל ַ֔בּ ַﬠל ֥כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ ֣תּה ָכל־נְ ִב‬ ‫הוּא ָﬠ ָ ֣שׂה ְב ָﬠ ְק ָ֔בּה ְל ַ ֥מ ַﬠן ַה ֲא ִ ֖ביד ֶאת־ע ְֹב ֵ ֥די ַה ָ ֽבּ ַﬠל׃‬ ֙ ֵ‫יִ ָפּ ֵ ֖ קד ֣ל ֹא יִ ְֽח ֶי֑ה וְ י‬ 10:19

‫ָכל‬

Four unusual verses

‫מיוח‬ ̇ ̇‫̇ד פסו‬

Mp

Gen 8:19; 2 Kgs 10:19; Ezek 44:30; Dan 3:7 ——————————

158

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Four unusual verses containing the sequence ‫ ָכּל‬...‫וְ ָכל‬...‫ ָכּל‬...‫ָכּל‬ Gen 8:19 2 Kgs 10:19 Ezek 44:30 Dan 3:7

‫דמיחד אית בהון כל כל וכל כל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד פסוקין‬

Mm

‫כל החיה כל הרמש‬ ‫ועתה כל נביאי הבעל‬ ‫וראשית כל בכורי‬ ‫כל קבל דנה בה זמנא‬

Com.: This Masoretic note of four verses that contain the sequence ‫ ָכּל‬...‫וְ ָכל‬...‫ ָכּל‬...‫ ָכּל‬is also found in the Ochlah lists; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §311, and Jobin, Concordance, 121.

It is not clear why this particular sequence of four forms of ‫כּל‬,ָ with and without a ‫ ו‬cj., is considered to be unusual. There does not seem to be anything that sets this sequence apart from other sequences containing four forms such as these, as listed in Frensdorff, Ochlah, §305 and §306, and Jobin, Concordance, 121.

MA reads four verses containing the sequence ‫כּל‬...‫ל‬ ָ ‫וְ ָכ‬...‫כּל‬...‫ל‬ ָ ‫כּ‬.ָ (without the term unusual). MC has no note here. In ML the circellus has been placed on ‫ וְ ַﬠ ָתּה‬because it is the first word in the verse. 10:19

‫יִ ְחיֶ ה‬

Eighteen times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–18

‫י̇ ̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 17:18; 31:32; Exod 19:13; Num 24:23; Deut 8:3a Deut 8:3b; 2 Sam 1:10; 2 Kgs 10:19; Ezek 18:13; 18:22 Ezek 33:19; 47:9; Hab 2:4; Ps 89:49; Prov 15:27 Qoh 6:3; 11:8; Neh 2:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the eighteen occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ח‬, to distinguish them from the more frequent occurrences (400+) of this form written with a ‫ ;ה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §18C.

This enumeration does not include the nine occurrences of this lemma when it is part of the phrase ‫חיוֹ יִ ְחיֶ ה‬/‫ֹה‬ ָ ‫חי‬.ָ

Most of the Mp headings, and all the Mm lists highlighted above, include the additional note after the numeral eighteen of and similarly all (occurrences of) ‫ ָחיוֹ יִ ְחיֶ ה‬. 10:19

Unique

‫ְב ָﬠ ְק ָבּה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

159

2 KINGS 10:20 ‫אמר יֵ ֗הוּא ַק ְדּ ֧שׁוּ ֲﬠ ָצ ָ ֛רה ַל ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֽראוּ׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 10:20 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְק ָראוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫( ר‬pausal), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (31x) with a šəwâ (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ְראוּ‬. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 10:21 ‫אוּ ֵבּ֣ית ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל וַ יִּ ָמּ ֵ ֥לא‬ ֙ ֹ‫א־בא וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ ֑ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ֽל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אוּ ָכּל־ע ְֹב ֵד֣י ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל וְ ֽל ֹא־נִ ְשׁ ַ ֥אר ִ ֖אישׁ ֲא‬ ֙ ֹ‫הוּא ְבּ ָכל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ ֙ ֵ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֤ח י‬ ‫ית־ה ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל ֶ ֥פּה ָל ֶ ֽפה׃‬ ַ ‫ֵב‬ 10:21

‫וְ לֹא־נִ ְשׁאַר‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Josh 8:17; 2 Kgs 10:21; Dan 10:8; 2 Chr 21:17 ——————————

‫ וְ לֹא־נִ ְשׁאַר‬four times, and their references Josh 8:17 2 Kgs 10:21 2 Chr 21:17 Dan 10:8

‫איש בעי ובית אל‬ ‫וישלח יהוא בכל‬ ‫ויעלו ביהודה‬ ‫ואני נשארתי לבדי‬

‫ולא נשאר ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its seven occurrences without a cj. 10:21

Six times

‫וַ יִּ ָמּ ֵלא‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 7:14.

160

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

10:21

‫ֶפּה ָל ֶפה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:21; 21:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this phrase with the inseparable prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the separable prep. ‫ֶפּה ֶאל( ֶאל‬ ‫)פּה‬ ֶ at Num 12:8.

2 KINGS 10:22 ‫הוֹצ֣א ְל ֔בוּשׁ ְל ֖כֹל ע ְֹב ֵד֣י ַה ָ ֑בּ ַﬠל וַ יּ ֵ ֹ֥צא ָל ֶ ֖הם ַה ַמּ ְל ֽבּוּשׁ׃‬ ֵ ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ְל ָתּ ָ֔חה‬ ַ ‫אמר ַ ֽל ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ַﬠ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ 10:22 Unique 10:22

Five times

‫ַה ֶמּ ְל ָתּ ָחה‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫הוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 6:30. 10:22

‫וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬

Thirteen times defective 1–5 6–10 11–13

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

Num 17:23; 17:24; Judg 19:25; 2 Sam 10:16; 13:18 2 Sam 22:20; 2 Kgs 10:22; 15:20; 23:6; Jer 20:3 Jer 52:31; Job 12:22; 2 Chr 16:2

——————————

‫ וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬thirteen times defective, and their references

1–5

Num 17:23 Num 17:24 Judg 19:25 2 Sam 10:16 2 Sam 13:18

‫ויצא י̇ ̇ג חסירין וסימנהון‬

‫פרח‬ [‫)המטות( ]המטת‬ ‫בפילגשו‬ ‫הדדעזר‬ ‫משרתו‬

Mm

2 KINGS 6–10

11–13

‫ ַל ֶמּ ְר ָחב‬of Samuel (2 Sam 22:20) 2 Kgs 15:20 2 Kgs 23:6 2 Kgs 10:22 Jer 20:3 2 Chr 16:2 Job 12:22 Jer 52:31

161

‫למרחב דשמואל‬ ‫מנחם‬ ‫את האשרה‬ ‫המלתחה‬ ‫פשחור‬ [‫)מאצרת( ]מאצרות‬ ‫מגלה‬ ‫נשא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirteen occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its twelve occurrences written plene ‫יּוֹצא( ו‬ ֵ ַ‫ ;)ו‬see Judg 6:19. In the Mm, the addition of Samuel to the catchword ‫ ַל ֶמּ ְר ָחב‬of 2 Sam 22:20 is to distinguish that reference from its parallel in Ps 18:20, where the lemma appears as ‫יאנִ י‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹצ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫)ו‬, has a fourteenth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form at Jer 51:16 defective ‫ ;)וַ יּ ֵֹצא( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 196. However, virtually all the Mp headings and Mm notes highlighted above read thirteen times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. The Mp heading at Job 12:22 reads twenty-five which includes the thirteen defective and twelve plene occurrences of this lemma.

2 KINGS 10:23 ‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אוּ ֶפּן־יֶ שׁ־ ֹ֤פּה ִﬠ ָמּ ֶכ ֙ם ֵמ ַﬠ ְב ֵד֣י י‬ ֙ ‫אמר ְלע ְֹב ֵד֣י ַה ַ֗בּ ַﬠל ַח ְפּ ֤שׂוּ ְוּר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ן־ר ָ ֖כב ֵבּ֣ית ַה ָ ֑בּ ַﬠל וַ ֜יּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יָּ ֥ב ֹא יֵ ֛הוּא וִ יהוֹנָ ָ ֥דב ֶבּ‬ ‫ִ ֛כּי ִאם־ע ְֹב ֵ ֥די ַה ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל ְל ַב ָ ֽדּם׃‬ 10:23

‫ֶפּן־יֶ שׁ־פֹּה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ֶפּן־יֶ שׁ‬with ‫פֹּה‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences without ‫ פֹּה‬at Deut 29:17a and 29:17b.

2 KINGS 10:24 ‫ן־ה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר‬ ָ ‫אמר ָה ִ ֤אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ָמּ ֵל ֙ט ִמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫חוּץ ְשׁמ ִֹנ֣ים ִ֔אישׁ וַ ֗יּ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יָּ ֕בֹאוּ ַל ֲﬠ ֖שׂוֹת זְ ָב ִ ֣חים וְ עֹל֑ וֹת וְ יֵ ֞הוּא ָשׂם־ל֤ וֹ ַב‬ ‫יכם נַ ְפ ֖שׁוֹ ַ ֥תּ ַחת נַ ְפ ֽשׁוֹ׃‬ ֶ֔ ‫ֲאנִ ֙י ֵמ ִ ֣ביא ַﬠל־יְ ֵד‬ 10:24

‫זְ ָב ִחים וְ עֹלוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 10:25; 2 Kgs 10:24

162

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading at Exod 10:25 contains the catchwords ‫וַ יָּ בֹאוּ( ויבאו לעשות‬ ‫)ל ֲﬠשׂוֹת‬ ַ referring the reader back to this verse. 10:24

‫וְ יֵ הוּא ָשׂם‬

Unique 10:24

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫יִ ָמּ ֵלט‬

Thirteen times

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 18:40.

Mp

2 KINGS 10:25 ‫י־ח ֶרב‬ ֑ ָ ‫כּוּם ִ ֣אישׁ ַאל־יֵ ֵ֔צא וַ יַּ ֖כּוּם ְל ִפ‬ ֙ ‫אמר ֵי֠הוּא ָל ָר ִ֨צים וְ ַל ָשּׁ ִל ִ֜שׁים ֤בֹּאוּ ַה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�תוֹ ׀ ַל ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ָהע ֗ ָֹלה וַ ֣יּ‬ ֣ ‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי ְכּ ַכ‬ ‫ית־ה ָ ֽבּ ַﬠל׃‬ ַ ‫ד־ﬠיר ֵבּ‬ ֥ ִ ‫ים וְ ַה ָ ֣שּׁ ִל ִ֔שׁים וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֗ ִלכוּ ָ ֽה ָר ִצ‬ 10:25

‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי‬

Nine times with the accent (geršayim) in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 3:18. 10:25

‫וַ יַּ כּוּם‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 7:5.

‫בטע בסיפ ̇ר‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 KINGS 10:26 ‫וּה׃‬ ָ ‫ית־ה ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל ַוֽ יִּ ְשׂ ְר ֽפ‬ ַ ‫ת־מ ְצּ ֥בוֹת ֵבּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יּ ִ ֹ֛צאוּ ֶא‬ 10:26

‫וַ יּ ִֹצאוּ‬

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See Josh 6:23.

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS

163

2 KINGS 10:27 ‫ד־היּֽ וֹם׃‬ ַ ‫ראוֹת ַﬠ‬ ֖ ‫ת־בּ֣ית ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל וַ יְ ִשׂ ֻ ֥מהוּ ְלמ ָֹח‬ ֵ ‫צוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֔צוּ ֵ ֖את ַמ ְצּ ַ ֣בת ַה ָ ֑בּ ַﬠל ַ ֽו יִּ ְתּ‬ 10:27

‫ַמ ְצּ ַבת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

10:27

‫ְלמ ָֹחראוֹת‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 3:2. Read ‫מוֹצאוֹת‬ ָ ‫ְל‬

‫למוצאות ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)למחראות‬, and the qərê (‫מוֹצאוֹת‬ ָ ‫)ל‬ ְ both meaning latrines, are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where the reader is enjoined to substitute the kəṯîḇ because it was thought to be too coarse; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 86.

2 KINGS 10:29 ‫ית־אל‬ ֖ ֵ ‫יהם ֶﬠגְ ֵ ֙לי ַהזָּ ָ֔הב ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֑ ֶ ‫א־סר יֵ ֖הוּא ֵמ ַ ֽא ֲח ֵר‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֣טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֽל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַ ֠רק ֲח ָט ֵ֞אי יָ ָר ְב ָ ֤ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָב ֙ט ֲא‬ ‫וַ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְבּ ָ ֽדן׃ ס‬ 10:29 Unique

‫ֲח ָט ֵאי יָ ָר ְב ָﬠם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ יָ ָר ְב ָﬠם‬with ‫ ֲח ָט ֵאי‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with ‫ ַחטֹּאת‬/‫( ַחטֹּאוֹת‬e.g., ‫) ַחטֹּאוֹת יָ ָר ְב ָﬠם‬. 10:29

Unique

‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫ֲא ֶשׁר ֵבּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

1–2 2 Kgs 2:3; 10:29

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma; see 2 Kgs 2:3. MA correctly reads here twice, whereas MC has no note.

In ML and MA the circellus has been placed only on the two words ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ֵבּית‬but, since this phrase occurs nine times, it is most likely that the note belongs with the three words ‫ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ‫ית־אל‬ ֵ ‫ ֵבּ‬that only occur twice.

164 10:29 Four times

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְבּ ָדן‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 12:11.

2 KINGS 10:30 ‫שׁר ִבּ ְל ָב ִ֔בי ָﬠ ִ ֖שׂי ָת ְל ֵב֣ית ַא ְח ָ ֑אב ְבּ ֵנ֣י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ר־ה ִטי ֨בֹ ָ֙ת ַל ֲﬠ ֤שׂוֹת ַהיָּ ָשׁ ֙ר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֔ ַיני ְכּכֹל֙ ֲא‬ ֱ ‫הוה ֶאל־יֵ ֗הוּא ַי ַ֤ﬠן ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ל־כּ ֵ ֥סּא יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ִ ‫ְר ִב ֔ ִﬠים יֵ ְשׁ ֥בוּ ְל�֖ ַﬠ‬ 10:30 Three times

‫ֱה ִטיב ָֹת‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

1 Kgs 8:18; 2 Kgs 10:30; 2 Chr 6:8 (‫יבוֹת‬ ָ ‫)ה ִט‬ ֱ ——————————

‫ ֱה ִטיב ָֹת‬three times, twice defective and once plene 1 Kgs 8:18 And its companion (2 Chr 6:8) 2 Kgs 10:30

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וא‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫הטיבת ̇ג ̇ב‬

Mm

‫כי היה‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫יהוא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written twice defective ‫( ו‬1 Kgs 8:18 and here) and once plene ‫( ו‬2 Chr 6:8).

The lengthy Mp heading at 2 Chr 6:8 reads three times, in Chronicles ‫ הטיבות‬is written, in Kings ‫ הטיבת‬is written. 10:30

Three times

‫ִבּ ְל ָב ִבי‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

1 Sam 2:35; 2 Kgs 10:30; Ps 13:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (21x) without this preposition. In ML the circellus has been placed on the phrase ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ִבּ ְל ָב ִבי‬which only occurs once.

2 KINGS 10:30

‫ְר ִב ִﬠים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

165

Mp

2 Kgs 10:30; 15:12 (‫יﬠים‬ ִ ‫ְ)ר ִב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene first ‫( י‬2 Kgs 15:12), and one written defective first ‫( י‬here). The Mp and Mm headings at 2 Kgs 15:12 read twice, once plene and once defective.

2 KINGS 10:31 ‫ל־ל ָב ֑בוֹ ֣ל ֹא ָ֗סר ֵמ ַﬠל֙ ַח ֣טּ ֹאות ָי ָֽ ר ְב ֔ ָﬠם ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֖טיא‬ ְ ‫�הי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְבּ ָכ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫הו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫וְ יֵ ֗הוּא ֥ל ֹא ָשׁ ַ ֛מר ָל ֶל ֶ֛כת ְבּ ֽת ַוֹרת־י‬ ‫ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 10:31

‫ֵמ ַﬠל ַחטֹּאות‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 10:31; 15:18

Com.: This lemma features in a Masoretic list showing how the phrase from the sins (of Jeroboam son of Nebat) is used in connection with various kings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §294, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §128. With Jehu (here) and Menahem (2 Kgs 15:18), it is ‫ ֵמ ַﬠל ַחטֹּאות‬.

With Joash (2 Kgs 13:11) and Jeroboam son of Joash (2 Kgs 14:24), it is ‫ ִמ ָכּל ַחטֹּאות‬.

With Jehoahaz (2 Kgs 13:6), Zechariah (2 Kgs 15:9), and Pekahiah (2 Kgs 15:24), it is ‫מ ַחטֹּאות‬. ֵ

2 KINGS 10:32 ‫הוה ְל ַק ֖צּוֹת ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יַּ ֵ ֥כּם ֲחזָ ֵ ֖אל ְבּ ָכל־גְּ ֥בוּל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ַבּיָּ ִ ֣מים ָה ֵ֔הם ֵה ֵ ֣חל י‬ 10:32 Unique

‫ְל ַקצּוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed this way (piel, to break off), possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence pointed differently as ‫( ִל ְקצוֹת‬to the ends of) at Job 28:24.

166

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 10:33

‫ל־נ ַ֣חל ַא ְר ֔נ ֹן‬ ַ ‫שׁר ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אוב ִנ֖י וְ ַ ֽה ְמנַ ִ ֑שּׁי ֵמ ֲﬠר ֵֹﬠ ֙ר ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ל־א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ֔ ָﬠד ַהגָּ ִ ֥די וְ ָה ֻר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ן־היַּ ְר ֵ ֙דּן ִמזְ ַ ֣רח ַה ֶ֔שּׁ ֶמשׁ ֵ ֚את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫ִמ‬ ‫וְ ַהגִּ ְל ָ ֖ﬠד וְ ַה ָבּ ָ ֽשׁן׃‬ 10:33 Unique

‫ל־א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬ ֶ ‫ֵאת ָכּ‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without ‫ת־א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד( ָכּל‬ ֶ ‫ ) ֵא‬at Num 32:29.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫ ֵאת ָכּל‬and one on ‫א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬. ֶ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim. 10:33

‫וְ ַה ְמנַ ִשּׁי‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Deut 4:43 (‫;)ל ְמנַ ִשּׁי‬ ַ 29:7 (‫;)ה ְמנַ ִשּׁי‬ ַ 2 Kgs 10:33; 1 Chr 26:32 (‫)ה ְמנַ ִשּׁי‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in various forms with the gentilic ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its vastly more numerous occurrences (100+) in various forms without this gentilic, such as ‫מנַ ֶשׁה‬, ְ ‫וּמנַ ֶשׁה‬, ְ etc. 10:33

‫ֵמ ֲﬠר ֵֹﬠר‬

Five times defective

Com.: See 1 Sam 30:28.

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

10:33

‫אַרנֹן‬ ְ ‫ֲא ֶשׁר ַﬠל־נַ ַחל‬

Twice:

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 3:12; 2 Kgs 10:33

——————————

Mp

2 KINGS ‫אַרנֹן‬ ְ ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ַﬠל־נַ ַחל‬twice, and their references

Deut 3:12 2 Kgs 10:33

167

‫אשר על נחל ארנן ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ואת הארץ הזאת ירשנו‬ ‫מן הירדן מזרח השמש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the five occurrences of this phrase that includes ‫אַרנֹן( ְשׂ ַפת‬ ְ ‫ל־שׂ ַפת נַ ַחל‬ ְ ‫) ֲא ֶשׁר ַﬠ‬.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫א ֶשׁר ַﬠל‬, ֲ and one on ‫אַרנֹן‬ ְ ‫נַ ַחל‬. With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim. 10:33

Unique

‫וְ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד וְ ַה ָבּ ָשׁן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וְ ַה ָבּ ָשׁן‬with ‫וְ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד וְ ַה ָבּ ָשׁן( ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬at Josh 17:1 and 17:5.

2 KINGS 10:34 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫וֹא־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫בוּר ֑תוֹ ֲה ֽל‬ ָ ְ‫ל־א ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה וְ ָכל־גּ‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי יֵ ֛הוּא וְ ָכ‬ 10:34

‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי יֵ ֧הוּא‬

Twice with the accents (ʾazlâ, mêrəḵâ, and təḇîr) in the book 1 Kgs 16:5 (Baasha); 2 Kgs 10:34

̇‫בט בסי‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of the phrase ‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬with the accents ʾazlâ and mêrəḵâ followed by a king’s name with təḇîr.

The Mp heading at 1 Kgs 16:5 reads five times with these accents in the book noting the fact that in addition to these two occurrences in the book of this lemma with (ʾazlâ, mêrəḵâ, and təḇîr), there are three others with the combination ʾazlâ, dargâ and təḇîr; (1 Kgs 11:41 with Solomon, 1 Kgs 22:46 with Jehoshaphat, and 2 Kgs 13:8 with Jehoahaz). 10:34

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

168

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 11:1 ‫ל־ז ַ֥ רע ַה ַמּ ְמ ָל ָ ֽכה׃‬ ֶ ‫ַ ֽו ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ ֙ה ֵ ֣אם ֲא ַחזְ ָ֔יהוּ ָור ֲא ָ ֖תה ִ ֣כּי ֵ ֣מת ְבּ ָנ֑הּ וַ ָ֨תּ ָק ֙ם וַ ְתּ ַא ֵ֔בּד ֵ ֖את ָכּ‬

11:1

‫וַ ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

Mp

̇‫ז‬

2 Kgs 11:1; 11:3; 11:13 (‫;)ﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬ ֲ 11:14 (‫;)ﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬ ֲ Ezra 8:7 (‫)ﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬ ֲ 1 Chr 8:26; 2 Chr 22:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this name ending in a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its ten occurrences ending in ‫וַ ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬/‫) ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ הוּ‬, two of which are in vv. 2 and 20 of this chapter. In ML this lemma has a circellus but no note, but there is a note of seven times at vv. 3 and 14. 11:1

‫ָור ֲא ָתה‬

Read ‫ָר ֲא ָתה‬

‫ראתה ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬is written at the beginning of a word but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §118, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §104.

2 KINGS 11:2 �֙ ‫ֽי־ה ֶ֨מּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ֹתוֹ ִמ ֤תּוֹ� ְבּ ֵנ‬ ֙ ‫ן־א ַחזְ ָ֗יה וַ ִתּגְ ֹ֤נב א‬ ֲ ‫ת־יוֹאשׁ ֶבּ‬ ָ֣ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�־י ָ֠וֹרם ֲא ֨חוֹת ֲא ַחזְ ָ֜יהוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫הוֹשׁ ַבע ַבּ‬ ֣ ֶ ְ‫וַ ִתּ ַ ֣קּח י‬ ‫הוּמת׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־מינִ ְק ֖תּוֹ ַבּ ֲח ַ ֣דר ַה ִמּ ֑טּוֹת וַ יַּ ְס ִ ֧תּרוּ א ֹ֛תוֹ ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֥י ֲﬠ ַת ְל ָי֖הוּ וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ֵ ‫ותתים א ֹ֥תוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ִ֔ ‫ַה ֻ ֣מּ ָמ‬ 11:2

‫הוֹשׁ ַבע‬ ֶ ְ‫י‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, to distinguish it from the form ‫הוֹשׁ ְב ַﬠת‬ ַ ְ‫ י‬that occurs in the parallel text of 2 Chr 22:11. 11:2

‫ֲא ַחזְ יָ ה‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 1:2.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:2

‫ותתים‬ ִ ‫ַה ֻמּ ָמ‬

Read ‫מּוּמ ִתים‬ ָ ‫ַה‬

‫המומתים קרי‬

169

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫הממותתים‬, polal), and the qərê (‫מּוּמ ִתים‬ ָ ‫ה‬,ַ hophal) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê forms occurring in different conjugations with identical meanings; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 133–34. Com.: This lemma is featured in a number of Masoretic lists. 1

2 3

In a list of doublets beginning with ‫ ַ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65.

In a list of words in which there is a metathesis of letters; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §91, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §73.

In a list of words in which a ‫ ת‬is written but is not read or read as a different letter; see the Mm at Ezek 7:2 sub ‫אַר ַבּעת‬, ְ the Mm at Mic 1:10 sub ‫ה ְת ַפּ ָלּ ִשׁתי‬,ִ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §163, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §149.

In ML this lemma has no circellus. 11:2

‫ַה ִמּטּוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:2; 2 Chr 22:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages written with a ḥîreq under the ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) with a paṯaḥ (‫;)ה ַמּטּוֹת‬ ַ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §280, no.27. 11:2

‫וַ יַּ ְס ִתּרוּ‬

‫ וַ יַּ ְס ִתּרוּ‬six times defective in this and other forms, and their references 1–5

6

‫ויסתרו )ז̇ ( ]ו̇ [ חסירין לישנ̇ וסימנהון‬

‫ וַ יַּ ְס ִתּרוּ אֹתוֹ ִמ ְפּנֵ י‬of Athaliah (2 Kgs 11:2) Isa 29:15 (‫)ל ְס ִתּר‬ ַ Jer 36:26 (‫וַ יַּ ְס ִתּ ֵרם‬ Ezek 39:23 (‫אַס ִתּר‬ ְ ָ‫)ו‬ Ezek 39:24 (‫אַס ִתּר‬ ְ ָ‫)ו‬ Ps 27:5 (‫)יַ ְס ִתּ ֵרנִ י‬

Mm

‫ויסתרו אתו מפני דעתליה‬ ‫הוי המעמיקים מיהוה‬ ‫את ירחמאל בן המלך‬ ‫וידעו הגוים כי )בעתם( ]בעונם[ גלו‬ ‫כטמאתם וכפשעיהם‬ ‫כי יצפנני בסכה ביום‬

170

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of various forms of the hiphil of ‫ ָס ַתר‬written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences of forms of the hiphil written plene ‫ י‬such as ‫ ִה ְס ִתּיר‬or ‫אַס ִתּיר‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the addition of Athaliah to the catchwords ‫ וַ יַּ ְס ִתּרוּ אֹתוֹ ִמ ְפּנֵ י‬of the 2 Kgs 11:2, to distinguish that reference from its parallel in 2 Chr 22:11, where the lemma appears as ‫וַ ַתּ ְס ִתּ ֵירהוּ‬.

2 KINGS 11:3 ‫ל־ה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃ פ‬ ָ ‫שׁשׁ ָשׁ ִנ֑ים וַ ֲﬠ ַת ְל ָי֖ה מ ֶ ֹ֥ל ֶכת ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הוה ִמ ְת ַח ֵ ֖בּא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ִא ָתּ ֙הּ ֵבּ֣ית י‬ 11:3

‫וַ ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 11:1.

2 KINGS 11:4 ‫הו֑ה וַ יִּ ְכר ֹ֩ת‬ ָ ְ‫איות ַל ָכּ ִ ֙רי וְ ָל ָ֣ר ִ֔צים וַ יָּ ֵ ֥בא א ָ ֹ֛תם ֵא ָל֖יו ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ת־שׂ ֵ ֣רי ַה ֵמּ‬ ָ ‫יﬠית ָשׁ ֨ ַלח יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֜דע וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ׀ ֶא‬ ִ ‫וּב ָשּׁ ָנ֣ה ֠ ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ַ ‫ת־בּ‬ ֶ ‫הוה וַ יַּ ְ֥ רא א ָ ֹ֖תם ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ָל ֶ֨הם ְבּ ִ ֜רית וַ יַּ ְשׁ ַ ֤בּע א ָֹת ֙ם ְבּ ֵב֣ית י‬ 11:4

‫יﬠית‬ ִ ‫וּב ָשּׁנָ ה ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ַ

Three pairs 1 2 3

‫זוג‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:4 and 2 Chr 23:1 Ps 42:10 and Ps 43:2 Ps 59:10 and Ps 59:18

Com.: The Masorah notes three pairs of phrases in similar contexts where one word of the pair has a ‫שׁ‬, but the equivalent of that word in the second of the pairs has a ‫ ;ז‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §204, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §133B.

The first pair. In 2 Kgs 11:4 the phrase occurs as ‫יﬠית ָשׁ ַלח יְ הוֹיָ ָדע‬ ִ ‫וּב ָשּׁנָ ה ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ַ whereas in 2 Chr 23:1 it occurs as ‫יﬠית ִה ְת ַחזֵּ ק יְ הוֹיָ ָדע‬ ִ ‫וּב ָשּׁנָ ה ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ַ , the difference being that in the Kings passage the verb is ‫ ָשׁ ַלח‬whereas in the Chronicles passage it is ‫ה ְת ַחזֵּ ק‬,ִ the former having a ‫שׁ‬, and the latter a ‫ז‬. The second pair. In Ps 42:10 the word containing the ‫ שׁ‬is ‫שׁ ַכ ְח ָתּנִ י‬, ְ whereas in the parallel phrase in Ps 43:2 the word with the ‫ ז‬is ‫זְ נַ ְח ָתּנִ י‬.

The third pair. In Ps 59:10 the word containing the ‫ שׁ‬is ‫א ְשׁמ ָֹרה‬, ֶ whereas in the parallel phrase in Ps 59:18 the word with the ‫ ז‬is ‫אזַ ֵמּ ָרה‬. ֲ

2 KINGS

171

The Mp heading at Ps 59:10 also reads three pairs, but that at Ps 59:18 reads three pairs (involving) two words in the same section. The Mm for this lemma may be found at Exod 20:8, where examples of the reverse (‫ ז‬first word, ‫ שׁ‬second word) are also listed, and 2 Chr 23:1, which only lists this one pair (2 Kgs 11:4 and 2 Chr 23:1). 11:4

‫ַה ֵמּאיוֹת‬

Read ‫ַה ֵמּאוֹת‬

Mp

‫המאות ̇ק‬

Com.: This kəṯîḇ (‫ )המאיות‬and qərê (‫)ה ֵמּאוֹת‬ ַ is an example of a ‫ י‬under certain conditions morphing into an ‫ ;א‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 110–11. 11:4

‫ְבּ ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬

Thirty-nine times

‫̇ל ̇ט‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 1:7.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:5 ‫שׁר ַתּ ֲﬠ ֑שׂוּן ַה ְשּׁ ִל ִ ֤שׁית ִמ ֶכּ ֙ם ָבּ ֵ ֣אי ַה ַשּׁ ָ֔בּת וְ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֵ ֔רי ִמ ְשׁ ֶ ֖מ ֶרת ֵ ֥בּית ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫מר ֶז֥ה ַה ָדּ ָ ֖בר ֲא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וַ יְ ַצֵוּ֣ם ֵלא‬ 11:5

‫וַ יְ ַצוֵּ ם‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 6:13; 34:32; 2 Kgs 11:5; 17:35 ——————————

‫ וַ יְ ַצוֵּ ם‬four times, and their references Exod 6:13 Exod 34:32 2 Kgs 11:5 2 Kgs 17:35

‫ויצום אל בני ישראל‬ ‫ואחריכן‬ ‫ויצום לאמר‬ ‫ויכרת יהוה‬

‫ויצום ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a 3rd masc. pl. sfx., possibly to distinguish them from occurrences with other sfxs. such as ‫ וַ יְ ַצוֵּ הוּ‬or ‫וַ יְ ַצוֵּ נוּ‬.

172 11:5

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּן‬

Fourteen times

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 7:17.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:6 ‫ת־מ ְשׁ ֶ ֥מ ֶרת ַה ַ ֖בּיִ ת ַמ ָ ֽסּח׃‬ ִ ‫וּשׁ ַמ ְר ֶ ֛תּם ֶא‬ ְ ‫ית ְבּ ַ ֣שׁ ַﬠר ֔סוּר וְ ַה ְשּׁ ִל ִ ֥שׁית ַבּ ַ ֖שּׁ ַﬠר ַא ַ ֣חר ָה ָר ִ ֑צים‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַה ְשּׁ ִל ִשׁ‬ 11:6

‫ְבּ ַשׁ ַﬠר סוּר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, to distinguish it from the phrase ‫ ְבּ ַשׁ ַﬠר ַהיְ סוֹד‬that occurs in the parallel text of 2 Chr 23:5. 11:6

‫ַמ ָסּח‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 11:8 ‫וּבב ֹֽאוֹ׃‬ ְ ‫אתוֹ‬ ֥ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ְבּ ֵצ‬ ַ ‫יוּמת וִ ְהי֥ וּ ֶא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־ה ְשּׂ ֵד ֖רוֹת‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� ָס ִ֗ביב ִ ֚אישׁ וְ ֵכ ָל֣יו ְבּיָ ֔דוֹ וְ ַה ָ ֥בּא ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ִה ַקּ ְפ ֶ֨תּם ַﬠ‬ 11:8

�‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:8; 11:11; 21:24; 25:11; 2 Chr 23:10 2 Chr 23:13; 33:25; Esth 1:16

——————————

�‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬eight times, and their references 1–5

2 Kgs 21:24 2 Chr 33:25 2 Kgs 11:11 2 Chr 23:10 2 Kgs 25:11

‫על המלך ̇ח וסימנהון‬ ‫ויך עם הארץ‬ ‫ויכו עם הארץ‬ ‫ויעמדו הרצים‬ ‫ויעמד את כל העם‬ ‫ואת יתר העם‬

Mm

2 KINGS 6–8

2 Kgs 11:8 ‫ וַ ֵתּ ֶרא וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 23:13) Esth 1:16

173

‫והקפתם‬ ‫ותרא והנה דדברי הימים‬ ‫ויאמר ממוכן‬

And similarly all cases of ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל� טוֹב‬ ַ ‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ) ̇ב( ] ̇ג[ ַﬠ‬ ̇ ‫וכל על המלך טוב‬ apart from three (�‫) ֶאל ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬: 1 Kgs 22:13 And its companion (2 Chr 18:12) 1 Kgs 2:18

[‫)והמלך( ]והמלאך‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫בת שבע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of �‫ ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with ‫) ֶאל ַה ֶמּ ֶל�( ֶאל‬. This distinction is implied in the addition of Chronicles to the catchword of the 2 Chr 23:13 reference, to distinguish this verse from its parallel in 2 Kgs 11:14 where the lemma appears as �‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫א‬. ֶ

The Mm additionally notes that this lemma also occurs with ‫ טוֹב‬in the phrase ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל� טוֹב‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬, apart from three cases listed when it is with ‫( ֶאל‬e.g., �‫)טוֹב ֶאל ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬. In the Mp note only traces of a letter are visible. 11:8

‫וִ ְהיוּ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:9.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:9 ‫ת־אנָ ָ֔שׁיו ָבּ ֵ ֣אי ַה ַשּׁ ָ֔בּת ִ ֖ﬠם י ְֹצ ֵ ֣אי ַה ַשּׁ ָ ֑בּת‬ ֲ ‫חוּ ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ר־צוָּ ֮ה יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֣דע ַהכּ ֵֹהן֒ וַ יִּ ְק‬ ִ ‫איות ְכּ ֣כֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֞שׂוּ ָשׂ ֵ ֣רי ַה ֵמּ‬ ‫וַ יָּ ֖בֹאוּ ֶאל־יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֥דע ַהכּ ֵ ֹֽהן׃‬ 11:9

‫ַה ֵמּאיוֹת‬

Read ‫ַה ֵמּאוֹת‬

‫המאות ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 11:4.

174

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 11:10 ‫הוה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ת־ה ְשּׁ ָל ִ֔טים ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ַל ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ָדִּו֑ד ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֵ ֥בית י‬ ַ ‫ית וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ִ‫ת־ה ֲחנ‬ ַ ‫איות ֶ ֽא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫וַ יִּ ֵ֨תּן ַהכּ ֵֹ֜הן ְל ָשׂ ֵ ֣רי ַה ֵמּ‬

11:10 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ֵתּן ַהכּ ֵֹהן‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without ‫יְ הוֹיָ ָדע‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ )וַ יִּ ֵתּן יְ הוֹיָ ָדע ַהכּ ֵֹהן( יְ הוֹיָ ָדע‬in the parallel text of 2 Chr 23:9. 11:10

‫ַה ֵמּאיוֹת‬

Read ‫ַה ֵמּאוֹת‬

Mp

‫המאות ̇ק‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 11:4. 11:10

‫ְבּ ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬

Thirty-nine times

‫̇ל ̇ט‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 1:7.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:12 ‫אמ ֖רוּ יְ ִ ֥חי ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ְ ֹ ‫כּוּ־כף וַ יּ‬ ָ֔ ַ‫ת־ה ֵﬠ ֔דוּת וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֥לכוּ א ֹ֖תוֹ וַ יִּ ְמ ָשׁ ֻ ֑חהוּ וַ יּ‬ ֣ ָ ‫ת־ה ֨ ֵנּזֶ ֙ר וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ֶ֗מּ ֶל� וַ יִּ ֵ ֤תּן ָﬠ ָל ֙יו ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־בּ‬ ֶ ‫יּוֹצא ֶא‬ ֣ ִ ַ‫ו‬ ‫ס‬ 11:12 Four times

‫יּוֹצא‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Deut 4:20; 2 Kgs 11:12; Ps 78:16; 105:43

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ḥîreq, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) pointed with a ṣerê (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫ ;)ו‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §2L.

2 KINGS 11:12

‫ת־ה ֵﬠדוּת‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

175

Mp

2 Kgs 11:12; 2 Chr 23:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. 11:12

‫וַ יִּ ְמ ָשׁ ֻחהוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:12; 2 Chr 23:11

——————————

‫ וַ יִּ ְמ ָשׁ ֻחהוּ‬twice and defective, and their references 2 Chr 23:11 2 Kgs 11:12

‫וימשחהו ̇ב וחסירין וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ויוציאו את בן‬ ‫ויוצא את בן המלך‬

Com.: By noting that the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages are both written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene. 11:12

‫ָ֔כף‬

Unique zaqeṕ qameṣ

‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫זק‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ and zaqeṕ accent, to distinguish it from its six occurrences with a qameṣ and anʾaṯnaḥ or sôṕ pasûq. This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words occurring only once with a qameṣ and zaqeṕ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §21, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §22).

The other is in a list of two-letter words occurring only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §40, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §41).

In ML the circellus has been placed between ‫ וַ יַּ כּוּ‬and ‫כף‬,ָ but the note belongs only with ‫כף‬.ָ

176

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 11:14

�ַ ‫ל־ﬠם ָה ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ ָשׂ ֵ֔מ ַ� וְ ת ֵ ֹ֖ק‬ ֤ ַ ‫ל־ה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� וְ ָכ‬ ַ ‫רוֹת ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ל־ה ַﬠ ֜מּוּד ַכּ ִמּ ְשׁ ֗ ָפּט וְ ַה ָשּׂ ִ ֤רים וְ ַה ֲח ֽצֹ ְצ‬ ָ ‫וַ ֵ֡תּ ֶרא וְ ִה ֵנּ֣ה ַה ֶמּ ֶל�֩ ע ֵֹ֨מד ַ ֽﬠ‬ ‫יה וַ ִתּ ְק ָ ֖רא ֶ ֥ק ֶשׁר ָ ֽק ֶשׁר׃ ס‬ ָ ‫ת־בּגָ ֶ ֔ד‬ ְ ‫ַבּ ֲח ֽצֹ ְצ ֑רוֹת וַ ִתּ ְק ַ ֤רע ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ ֙ה ֶא‬ 11:14

‫וְ ַה ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:14; 2 Chr 23:13; 29:27; 82:92 —————————— ‫ ַה ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬four times

Mm

‫והחצצרות ̇ד‬

2 Kgs 11:14 And its companion (2 Chr 23:13) 2 Chr 29:27 2 Chr 29:28

‫ותרא‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫להמזבח‬ ‫והשיר משורר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its two occurrences without the def. article (‫ )וַ ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬at Num 31:6 and 2 Chr 13:12. 11:14

‫ל־ﬠם‬ ַ ‫וְ ָכ‬

‫ל־ﬠם‬ ַ ‫ וְ ָכ‬seven times

1–5

6–7

̇‫וכל עם ז‬

Mm

Josh 11:7 Josh 8:3 Josh 10:7 2 Sam 19:41 2 Kgs 11:14 And its companion (2 Chr 23:13) Jer 34:19

‫ויבא יהושע‬ ‫ויקם‬ ‫ויעל יהושע‬ ‫וכמהן עבר עמו‬ ‫ותרא‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫שרי יהודה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (21x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 11:14

�ַ ‫וְ ת ֵֹק‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

177

Mp

2 Kgs 11:14; 2 Chr 23:13 (�ַ ‫תוֹק‬ ֵ ְ‫)ו‬ ——————————

�ַ ‫ וְ ת ֵֹק‬twice, once defective and once plene

‫ וְ ת ֵֹק ַ� ַבּ ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬of Kings (2 Kgs 11:14) ‫תוֹק ַ� ַבּ ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬ ֵ ְ‫ ו‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 23:13)

And once (�ַֹ ‫)וְ ִכ ְתק‬: Isa 18:3

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫ותקע ̇ב חד‬

Mm

̇‫ותקע בחצצרות דמלכי‬ ‫)ותקע( ]ותוקע[ בחצצרות דדברי ימים‬

[‫וחד )ובתקע( ]כתקע[ שופר )השמיעו( ]תשמעו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages, and the Mm additionally notes the infin. form with a prep. (�ַֹ ‫ )וְ ִכ ְתק‬at Isa 18:3. The Mp of 2 Chr 23:13 (�ַ ‫תוֹק‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬correctly reads unique plene.

The addition in the Mm of Kings to the catchwords ‫ וְ ת ֵֹק ַ� ַבּ ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬of 2 Kgs 11:14 is to distinguish that reference from its parallel in 2 Chr 23:13. Similarly, the addition of Chronicles to the phrase ‫תוֹק ַ� ַבּ ֲחצ ְֹצרוֹת‬ ֵ ְ‫ ו‬of 2 Chr 23:13 is to distinguish that reference from its parallel in 2 Kgs 11:14. 11:14

‫ֲﬠ ַת ְליָ ה‬

Seven times

Mp

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 11:1.

2 KINGS 11:15 ‫ל־מ ֵבּ֣ית ַל ְשּׂ ֵד ֔ר ֹת וְ ַה ָ ֥בּא‬ ִ ‫הוֹציאוּ א ָֹת ֙הּ ֶא‬ ֤ ִ ‫יה ֙ם‬ ֶ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יאוֹת ׀ ְפּ ֻק ֵד֣י ַה ַ֗חיִ ל וַ ֤יּ‬ ֣ ‫ת־שׂ ֵ ֥רי ַה ֵמּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ַצו֩ יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֨דע ַהכּ ֵֹ֜הן ֶא‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ל־תּוּמת ֵ ֥בּית י‬ ַ֖ ‫יה ָה ֵ ֣מת ֶבּ ָ ֑ח ֶרב ִ ֚כּי ָא ַ ֣מר ַהכּ ֵֹ֔הן ַא‬ ָ ‫ַא ֲח ֶ ֖ר‬ 11:15

‫ַה ֵמּיאוֹת‬

Read ‫ַה ֵמּאוֹת‬

‫המאות ̇ק‬

Mp

178

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 11:4.

ML, contrary to M (‫)המאיות‬, reads the kəṯîḇ with a ‫ י‬before the ‫ ;)המיאות( א‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 126).

Both MC and MA read ‫ה ֵמּאיוֹת‬.ַ MA has a qərê ‫ה ֵמּאוֹת‬,ַ whereas the Mp of MC reads superfluous ‫י‬. 11:15

‫ַל ְשּׂ ֵדר ֹת‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 6:9.

Mp

2 KINGS 11:16 ‫תּוּמת ָ ֽשׁם׃ ס‬ ֖ ַ ַ‫סּוּסים ֵבּ֣ית ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� ו‬ ֖ ִ ‫�־מ ֥בוֹא ַה‬ ְ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֤שׂמוּ ָל ֙הּ יָ ַ ֔דיִ ם וַ ָתּ ֛בוֹא ֶ ֽדּ ֶר‬ 11:16

‫וַ יָּ ִשׂמוּ‬

Four times defective

Com.: See Josh 10:27. 11:16

‫תּוּמת‬ ַ ַ‫ו‬

Unique

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma (hophal, she was put to death), to distinguish it from the form ‫יתוּה‬ ָ ‫( וַ יְ ִמ‬hiphil plus sfx., they put her to death) that occurs in the parallel text of 2 Chr 23:15.

2 KINGS 11:18 ‫תּן כּ ֵ ֹ֣הן ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל ָה ְרג֖ וּ‬ ֙ ָ ‫יטב וְ ֵ֗את ַמ‬ ֵ֔ ‫ת־צ ָל ָמ ֙יו ִשׁ ְבּ ֣רוּ ֵה‬ ְ ‫ת־מזְ ְבּח ָ ֹ֤תו וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫ית־ה ַ֜בּ ַﬠל ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֻ֗צהוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ל־ﬠ ֩ם ָה ָ֨א ֶרץ ֵבּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ ָכ‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ל־בּית י‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י ַ ֽה ִמּזְ ְבּ ֑חוֹת וַ יָּ ֶ֧שׂם ַהכֹּ ֵ ֛הן ְפּ ֻק ֖דּוֹת ַﬠ‬ 11:18

‫וַ יִּ ְתּ ֻצהוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:18; 2 Chr 23:17

2 KINGS

179

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at 2 Chr 23:17.

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 23:17 reads unique and defective is inexact since there is another occurrence of this lemma. The note there more precisely should have read unique and defective in the book (of Chronicles).

However, by noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah at 2 Chr 13:17 is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 11:18

‫ִמזְ ְבּח ָֹתו‬

Read ‫ִמזְ ְבּח ָֹתיו‬

Mp

‫מזבחתיו ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )מזבחתו‬without a ‫ י‬represents the archaic form of the 3rd masc. sg. sfx. to a pl. noun, whereas the qərê (‫)מזְ ְבּח ָֹתיו‬ ִ with a ‫ י‬represents the later form; see Cohen, The Kethiḇ and Qeri System, 33. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena in which a ‫ י‬is read though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §128, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §112.

2 KINGS 11:19 ‫הוה וַ יָּ ֛בוֹאוּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ת־ה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ִמ ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ַ ‫ל־ﬠ֣ם ָה ָ֗א ֶרץ וַ יּ ִ ֹ֤רידוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָר ִ֜צים וְ ֵ ֣את ׀ ָכּ‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ָכּ ִ ֨רי וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־שׂ ֵ ֣רי ֠ ַה ֵמּאוֹת וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ֶא‬ ‫ל־כּ ֵ ֥סּא ַה ְמּ ָל ִ ֽכים׃‬ ִ ‫ך־שׁ ַﬠר ָה ָר ִ ֖צים ֵבּ֣ית ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ יֵּ ֶ֖שׁב ַﬠ‬ ֥ ַ ‫ֶ ֽדּ ֶר‬ 11:19

‫ַה ָכּ ִרי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

11:19

Mp

‫וַ יָּ בוֹאוּ‬

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:19; Jer 8:16; 2 Chr 29:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) written defective first ‫)וַ יָּ בֹאוּ( ו‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm of Jer 8:16 where there is an addition of Kings to the catchword of the 2 Kgs 11:19 reference, to distinguish this reference from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 23:20, where the lemma appears as ‫וַ יָּ בֹאוּ‬.

180

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 11:20 ‫ת־ﬠ ַת ְל ָי֛הוּ ֵה ִ ֥מיתוּ ַב ֶ ֖ח ֶרב ֵ ֥בּית ַ◌ ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃ ס‬ ֲ ‫ם־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ וְ ָה ִ ֣ﬠיר ָשׁ ָ ֑ ק ָטה וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׂ ַ ֥מח ָכּ‬

11:20

‫ָשׁ ָק ָטה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 11:20; 2 Chr 23:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with a qameṣ under the ‫( ק‬pausal), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with a šəwâ (‫)שׁ ְק ָטה‬. ָ 11:20

�‫ַ◌ ֶמּ ֶל‬

Read �‫ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬

‫המלך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)מלך‬, and the qərê (�‫)ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ represent examples of the omission of a definite article; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 147.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ה‬at the beginning of a word is read, but not written; see the Mm at 2 Sam 23:9 sub ‫◌גִּ בּ ִֹרים‬, ַ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §165 & p. 37*, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §90.

2 KINGS 12:1 ‫הוֹאשׁ ְבּ ָמ ְל ֽכוֹ׃ פ‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫ן־שׁ ַבע ָשׁ ִנ֖ים י‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ 12:1

‫הוֹאשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Four times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:1; 12:2; 12:3: 12:5; 12:7 2 Kgs 12:8; 12:19; 13:10; 13:25; 14:8 2 Kgs 14:9; 14:11; 14:13a; 14:13b; 14:15 2 Kgs 14:16; 14:17

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times is incorrect since there are seventeen occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יְ הוֹ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (40x), written with the divine element ‫;)יוֹאשׁ( יוֹ‬ ָ see below at 2 Kgs 12:20.

2 KINGS

181

Since there are no other Mp notes for this lemma and, since neither MC nor MA has a note here, it may well be that this note is misplaced and belongs on another king’s name that occurs four times, such as ‫( יְ הוֹזָ ָבד‬see below at 2 Kgs 12:22) or ‫יוֹא ָחז‬ ָ (see 2 Kgs 14:1).

2 KINGS 12:2 ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ ִצ ְב ָי֖ה ִמ ְבּ ֵ ֥אר ָ ֽשׁ ַבע׃‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫וּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫הוֹאשׁ וְ ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֣ﬠים ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ ֽיר‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הוּא ָמ ַל֣� י‬ ֙ ֵ‫ת־שׁ ַבע ְלי‬ ֤ ֶ ַ‫ִבּ ְשׁנ‬ 12:2

‫ִצ ְביָ ה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:2; 1 Chr 8:9 (‫;)צ ְביָ א‬ ִ 2 Chr 24:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written with a ‫ ה‬and once with an ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a different pointing (‫)צ ִביָּ ה‬ ְ in Cant 4:5 and 7:4.

2 KINGS 12:3 ‫הוֹרהוּ יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֖דע ַהכּ ֵ ֹֽהן׃‬ ֔ ָ ‫שׁר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הו֖ה ָכּל־יָ ָ ֑מיו ֲא‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹאשׁ ַהיָּ ָ ֛שׁר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י י‬ ֧ ָ ְ‫וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠשׂ י‬ 12:3 Unique

‫הוֹרהוּ‬ ָ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 12:5 ‫עוֹבר ִ֕אישׁ ֶ ֥כּ ֶסף נַ ְפ ֖שׁוֹת ֶﬠ ְר ֑כּוֹ‬ ֵ֔ ‫ר־יוּבא ֵבית־יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶכּ ֶ֣סף‬ ָ֤ ‫ל־הכּ ֲֹה ֗ ִנים כֹּ ֩ל ֶ֨כּ ֶסף ַה ֳקּ ָד ִ֜שׁים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ב־אישׁ ְל ָה ִ ֖ביא ֵ ֥בּית י‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־כּ ֶסף ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ַי ֲֽﬠ ֶל ֙ה ַﬠ֣ל ֶל‬ ֶ֗ ‫ָכּ‬ 12:5 Five times 1–5

‫יוּבא‬ ָ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Lev 6:23; 11:32; 2 Kgs 12:5; 12:17; Jer 10:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of the sg. form of this lemma, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the pl. (‫)יוּבאוּ‬ ָ in Jer 27:22.

182

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

12:5

‫עוֹבר‬ ֵ

Eight times plene 1–5 6–8

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:5; Isa 60:15; Jer 13:24; 18:16; Zeph 2:15 Zeph 3:6; Ps 144:4; Esth 3:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (35x) written defective ‫)ע ֵֹבר( ו‬. This enumeration does not include the six occurrences of this lemma in Ezekiel.

The Mp headings at Jer 13:24 and Ps 144:4 read eight times plene and similarly all of Ezekiel (apart from once), and the Mm at Isa 60:15 also adds this note about the occurrences in Ezekiel. The Mp heading at Esth 3:3 correctly reads twice plene in the Writings. 12:5

‫ֶﬠ ְרכּוֹ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Exod 40:4; 2 Kgs 12:5; Job 41:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)כּ ֶﬠ ְרכּוֹ( כ‬ ְ at 2 Kgs 23:35, or from its sole occurrence with a fem. sfx. (‫)ﬠ ְר ָכּהּ‬ ֶ at Job 28:13.

2 KINGS 12:6 ‫ת־בּ ֶ֣דק ַה ַ֔בּיִ ת ְל ֛כֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ָמּ ֵ ֥צא ָ ֖שׁם ָ ֽבּ ֶדק׃ פ‬ ֶ ‫קוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ְ‫יִ ְק ֤חוּ ָל ֶה ֙ם ַה ֣כֹּ ֲה ֔ ִנים ִ ֖אישׁ ֵמ ֵ ֣את ַמ ָכּ ֑רוֹ וְ ֵ֗הם יְ ַחזּ‬ 12:6 Unique 12:6

Unique

‫ֵמ ֵאת ַמ ָכּרוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ְלכֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ָמּ ֵצא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫ ) ְבּכֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ָמּ ֵצא( ב‬at Deut 21:17.

2 KINGS

183

2 KINGS 12:7 ‫ת־בּ ֶדק ַה ָ ֽבּיִ ת׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫א־חזְּ ֥קוּ ַהכּ ֲֹה ִנ֖ים ֶא‬ ִ ֹ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֽל‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֧רים וְ ָשׁ�֛ שׁ ָשׁ ָנ֖ה ַל ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� י‬ 12:7

‫ִחזְּ קוּ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 9:24.

2 KINGS 12:8 ‫ת־בּ ֶ֣דק ַה ָ ֑בּיִ ת וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה‬ ֶ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ַמ ֛דּ ַוּ� ֵאינְ ֶ ֥כם ְמ ַחזְּ ִ ֖ קים ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ֹהן וְ ַל ֣כֹּ ֲה ֔ ִנים וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ֵ ‫הוֹאשׁ ִליהוֹיָ ָ ֤דע ַהכּ‬ ָ֜ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֩א ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל� י‬ ‫י־ל ֶ ֥ב ֶדק ַה ַ ֖בּיִ ת ִתּ ְתּ ֻנֽהוּ׃‬ ְ ‫יכם ִ ֽכּ‬ ֶ֔ ‫חוּ־כ ֶס ֙ף ֵמ ֵ ֣את ַמ ָ ֽכּ ֵר‬ ֶ֨ ‫ל־תּ ְק‬ ִ ‫ַא‬ 12:8 Five times 1–5

‫וְ ַלכּ ֲֹהנִ ים‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:8; Jer 33:18; Neh 2:16; 2 Chr 35:14a; 35:14b

—————————— ‫ וְ ַלכּ ֲֹהנִ ים‬five times

‫ולכהנים ̇ה‬

Mm

1–5 2 Kgs 12:8 Jer 33:18 2 Chr 35:14a Twice in the verse (2 Chr 35:14b) Neh 2:16

‫ויקרא המלך יהואש‬ ‫לא יכרת איש‬ ‫ואחר הכינו להם‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫והסגנים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (23x) without a cj. 12:8

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Thirteen times defective in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:16. 12:8

Unique

‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫ַמ ָכּ ֵר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

‫‪184‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 12:9‬‬ ‫ת־בּ ֶדק ַה ָ ֽבּיִ ת׃‬ ‫וּל ִב ְל ִ ֥תּי ַח ֵזּ֖ק ֶא ֶ ֥‬ ‫ת־כּ ֶס ֙ף ֵמ ֵ ֣את ָה ֔ ָﬠם ְ‬ ‫אתוּ ַה ֽכֹּ ֲה ִנ֑ים ְל ִב ְל ִ ֤תּי ְק ַח ֶ֨‬ ‫וַ יֵּ ֖ ֹ‬ ‫ַחזֵּ ק‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪12:9‬‬ ‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Deut 1:38; 2 Kgs 12:9; Nah 2:2; Neh 6:9‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫)ויחזק( ]חזק[ ̇ד‬

‫‪ַ four times‬חזֵּ ק‬

‫‪Deut 1:38‬‬ ‫‪Neh 6:9‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 12:9‬‬ ‫‪Nah 2:2‬‬

‫יהושע בן נון העמד לפניך‬ ‫ועתה חזק את ידי‬ ‫ולבלתי‬ ‫חזק מתנים‬

‫‪Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, which is both an imper. (Deut‬‬ ‫‪1:38, Nah 2:2, and Neh 6:9), and an infin. cstr. (here).‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 12:10‬‬ ‫הוה וְ ָנ ְֽתנוּ־‬ ‫ישׁ ֵבּ֣ית יְ ָ֔‬ ‫וֹא־א ֙‬ ‫ֹהן ֲא ֣רוֹן ֶא ָ֔חד וַ יִּ ֥קֹּב ֖חֹר ְבּ ַד ְל ֑תּוֹ וַ יִּ ֵ ֣תּן אֹתוֹ֩ ֵ֨א ֶצל ַה ִמּזְ ֵ֜בּ ַ� ִביָּ ִ֗מין ְבּ ֽב ִ‬ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֞קּח יְ הוֹיָ ָ ֤דע ַהכּ ֵ ֙‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ‫מּוּבא ֵבית־יְ ָ‬ ‫ל־ה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ַה ָ ֥‬ ‫ת־כּ ַ‬ ‫ים שׁ ְֹמ ֵ ֣רי ַה ַ֔סּף ֶא ָ‬ ‫ָ ֤שׁ ָמּה ַה ֽכֹּ ֲהנִ ֙‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וַ יִּ קֹּב‬

‫‪12:10‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪Lev 24:11; 2 Kgs 12:10‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫חֹר‬

‫‪12:10‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 12:10; Ezek 8:7‬‬

‫——————————‬

2 KINGS ‫ חֹר‬twice and defective

2 Kgs 12:10 Ezek 8:7

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫חר ̇ב‬

185

Mm

‫ויקב חר בדלתו‬ ‫ויבא אתי‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs twice and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. 12:10

‫ִביָּ ִמין‬

Read ‫ִמיָּ ִמין‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫מימין‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )בימין‬and the qərê (‫)מיָּ ִמין‬ ִ represent examples of interchanges between the letters ‫ ב‬and ‫ ;מ‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 144.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ ב‬read as a ‫ ;מ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §154, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §141. 12:10

‫ְבּבוֹא‬

Nine times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 5:18.

Mp

2 KINGS 12:11 ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖כּ ֶסף ַהנִּ ְמ ָ ֥צא ֵבית־‬ ַ ‫רוּ וַ יִּ ְמנ֔ וּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫י־רב ַה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ָ ֽבּ ָא ֑רוֹן וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠל ס ֵֹפ֤ר ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� וְ ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֣הן ַהגָּ ֔דוֹל וַ יָּ ֻ֨צ‬ ֥ ַ ‫אוֹתם ִ ֽכּ‬ ָ֔ ‫ַוֽ יְ ִה֙י ִכּ ְר‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 12:11

�‫ס ֵֹפר ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of �‫ ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬with ‫ ס ֵֹפר‬written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ ס ֵֹפר‬written plene ‫סוֹפר ַה ֶמּ ֶל�( ו‬ ֵ ) in the parallel text 2 Chr 24:11. 12:11

‫וְ ַהכּ ֵֹהן ַהגָּ דוֹל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Lev 21:10; 2 Kgs 12:11

——————————

186

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ ַהכּ ֵֹהן ַהגָּ דוֹל‬twice

Lev 21:10 2 Kgs 12:11

‫והכהן הגדול ̇ב‬

Mm

‫מאחיו אשר יוצק על ראשו‬ ‫ויעל )סופר( ]ספר[ המלך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) without a cj.

In ML there is a ‫ ̇ל‬in the margin beside the ‫ ̇ב‬of this lemma, which does not appear to have a corresponding lemma.

2 KINGS 12:12 ‫יאהוּ ְל ָח ָר ֵ ֤שׁי ָה ֵﬠ ֙ץ וְ ַלבּ ֔ ִֹנים‬ ֻ֜ ‫יּוֹצ‬ ִ ַ‫הו֑ה ו‬ ָ ְ‫אכה ַה ֻ◌ ְפ ָק ִ ֖דים ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ָ֔ ‫ֹשׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־ה ֶכּ ֶ֣סף ַ ֽה ְמ ֻת ָ֔כּן ַﬠל־יְ ֵ ֙ד ע‬ ַ ‫וְ נָ ְת ֙נוּ ֶא‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ָהע ִ ֹ֖שׂים ֵ ֥בּית י‬ 12:12 Unique 12:12

Read ‫יְ ֵדי‬

‫ַה ְמ ֻת ָכּן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫יְ ֵד‬ ‫ידי ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)יד‬, and the qərê (‫ )יְ ֵדי‬are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations in the sg. and pl.; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 136–37.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ י‬at the end of the word is not written but is read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §126, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §110. 12:12

‫ַה ֻ◌ ְפ ָק ִ ֖דים‬

Read ‫ַה ֻמּ ְפ ָק ִדים‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫המפקדים‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫הפקדים‬, qal passive), and the qərê (‫ה ֻמּ ְפ ָק ִדים‬,ַ hophal) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê forms occurring in different conjugations with identical meanings; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 133–34.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫מ‬, not written in the text, should be read; see the Mm at 1 Sam 20:38 sub ‫ַה ֵח ִצי‬

2 KINGS 12:12

‫וְ ַלבֹּנִ ים‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:12; 22:6; Job 3:14 (‫;)הבֹּנִ ים‬ ַ Ezra 3:10 (‫;)הבֹּנִ ים‬ ַ 2 Chr 34:11

——————————

‫ וְ ַלבֹּנִ ים‬five times defective in this and another form 1–5

187

2 Kgs 12:12 2 Kgs 22:6 Job 3:14 2 Chr 34:11 Ezra 3:10

̇‫חסיר בלישנ‬ ̇ ‫ולבנים ̇ה‬

Mm

‫לחרשי‬ ‫לחרשים‬ ‫חרבות‬ [‫ויתנו )על יד( ]לחרשים‬ ‫ויסדו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written plene ‫וְ ַהבּוֹנִ ים( ו‬/‫) ַהבּוֹנִ ים‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mp of Job 3:14, which reads five times and once ‫והבונים‬, to distinguish ‫ ַהבֹּנִ ים‬from its form written plene with a ‫ ו‬cj. ‫ וְ ַהבּוֹנִ ים‬in Neh 4:12.

In the catchwords for 2 Chr 34:11 the scribe’s eye wandered to the previous verse where the same catchword ‫ וַ יִּ ְתּנוּ‬occurs. He wrote ‫ וַ יִּ ְתּנוּ ַﬠל יַ ד‬instead of ‫וַ יִּ ְתּנוּ ֶל ָח ָר ִשׁים‬.

2 KINGS 12:13 ‫ל־ה ַ ֖בּיִ ת‬ ַ ‫וּל ֛כֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־יֵ ֵ ֥צא ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫הו֑ה‬ ָ ְ‫ת־בּ ֶ֣דק ֵבּית־י‬ ֶ ‫ים וְ ַא ְב ֵנ֣י ַמ ְח ֵ֔צב ְל ַח ֵזּ֖ק ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וּלח ְֹצ ֵב֣י ָה ֶ֔א ֶבן וְ ִל ְקנ֤ וֹת ֵﬠ ִצ‬ ְ ‫ים‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַל ֹֽגּ ְד ִר‬ ‫ְל ָחזְ ָ ֽ קה׃‬ 12:13

‫וְ ִל ְקנוֹת‬

Twice, once defective and once plene 2 Kgs 12:13; 22:6 (‫)וְ ִל ְקנוֹת‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp note here of once defective, and once plene (‫ )ו‬form is incorrect since both occurrences of this lemma are written plene ‫ו‬.

The Mp at 2 Kgs 22:6 just reads twice as do the Mp notes at both references in MA. MC has no note at either occurrence.

188 12:13

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וּלכֹל ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:13; Jer 42:21; Ezek 44:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 12:14 ‫מּוּבא‬ ֥ ָ ‫ן־ה ֶ ֖כּ ֶסף ַה‬ ַ ‫י־כ ֶ֑סף ִמ‬ ָ ‫וּכ ִל‬ ְ ‫ל־כּ ִ ֥לי זָ ָ ֖הב‬ ְ ‫קוֹת ֲח ֣צֹ ְצ ֔רוֹת ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫הוה ִס ֥פּוֹת ֶ֨כּ ֶס ֙ף ְמזַ ְמּ ֤רוֹת ִמזְ ָר‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ַא�֩ ֨ל ֹא יֵ ָﬠ ֶ֜שׂה ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ֵבית־י‬ 12:14

‫יֵ ָﬠ ֶשׂה‬

Thirty-six times

̇‫̇לו‬

Com.: See Judg 11:37. 12:14

Unique

Mp

‫ְמזַ ְמּרוֹת ִמזְ ָרקוֹת‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, an indef. snuffers, basins, to distinguish it from its two occurrences as a def. ‫וְ ַה ְמזַ ְמּרוֹת וְ ַה ִמּזְ ָרקוֹת‬, and the basins, and the snuffers at 1 Kgs. 7:50 and 2 Chr 4:22. 12:14

Three times

‫ְכּ ִלי זָ ָהב‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 35:22; Num 31:50; 2 Kgs 12:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ זָ ָהב‬with ‫( ְכּ ִלי‬sg.), to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫( ְכּ ֵלי‬pl., ‫ ) ְכּ ֵלי זָ ָהב‬at 1 Sam 6:15 and 1 Chr 18:10.

2 KINGS

189

2 KINGS 12:15 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ת־בּית י‬ ֥ ֵ ‫קוּ־בוֹ ֶא‬ ֖ ְ‫אכה יִ ְתּ ֻנ֑הוּ וְ ִחזּ‬ ֖ ָ ‫י־לע ֵ ֹ֥שׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ְ ‫ִ ֽכּ‬ 12:15

‫יִ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬

Unique defective

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique defective (‫ )ו‬is inexact since there is no occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬. The note more precisely should have read unique and defective. MC, similar to ML, reads defective ‫ו‬. MC has no note here.

2 KINGS 12:16 ‫אכ֑ה ִ ֥כּי ֶב ֱא ֻמ ָנ֖ה ֵ ֥הם ע ִ ֹֽשׂים׃‬ ָ ‫ֹשׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־ה ֶ֨כּ ֶס ֙ף ַﬠל־יָ ָ ֔דם ָל ֵ ֖תת ְלע‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יִ ְתּנ֤ וּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וְ ֧ל ֹא יְ ַח ְשּׁ ֣בוּ ֶא‬ 12:16

‫יְ ַח ְשּׁבוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:16; Hos 7:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the piel, to distinguish them from its three occurrences in the hiphil (‫)יַ ְח ְשׁבוּ‬. 12:16

‫ֶב ֱא ֻמנָ ה‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Deut 32:20 (‫;)א ֻמן‬ ֵ 1 Sam 26:23 (‫;)א ֻמנָ תוֹ‬ ֱ 2 Kgs 12:16 Isa 26:2 (‫;)א ֻמנִ ים‬ ֱ Ps 143:1 (�‫)בּ ֱא ֻמנָ ְת‬ ֶ

—————————— ‫ ֶב ֱא ֻמנָ ה‬five times defective

1–5

Deut 32:20 1 Sam 26:23 2 Kgs 12:16 Isa 26:2 Ps 143:1

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫באמנה ̇ה‬ ‫בנים לא אמן בם‬ ‫את צדקתו ואת‬ ‫כי באמנה הם עשים‬ ‫ויבא גוי צדיק‬ ‫באמנתך ענני‬

Mm

190

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) in various forms written plene ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫)אמוּנָ ה‬. ֱ The Mp heading at Isa 26:2 reads six times defective and probably includes Lam 4:5 (‫)ה ֱא ֻמנִ ים‬. ָ The Mp headings at Deut 32:20 and Ps 143:1 both read unique defective in reference to their particular forms.

2 KINGS 12:17 ‫הו֑ה ַלכּ ֲֹה ִנ֖ים יִ ְהיֽ וּ׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫יוּבא ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ֖ ָ ‫ֶכּ ֶ֤סף ָא ָשׁ ֙ם וְ ֶכ ֶ֣סף ַח ָטּ ֔אוֹת ֥ל ֹא‬ 12:17

‫ַח ָטּאוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:17; Job 13:23 (‫ ;)וְ ַח ָטּאוֹת‬Neh 10:34 (‫)וְ ַל ַח ָטּאוֹת‬ ——————————

‫ ַח ָטּאוֹת‬three times and plene 2 Kgs 12:17 Job 13:23 Neh 10:34

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫חטאות ̇ג‬

Mm

‫כסף אשם וכסף חטאות‬ ‫כמה לי עונות וחטאות‬ ‫ללחם המערכת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (6x) in various forms of a parallel form written defective ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫;)ח ְטּאֹת‬ ַ see 2 Kgs 13:2.

By noting in the Mm that this lemma occurs three times and plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective. 12:17

Five times

‫יוּבא‬ ָ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See above at 2 Kgs 12:5.

‫‪191‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 12:18‬‬ ‫ל־גּ֖ת ַוֽ יִּ ְל ְכּ ָ ֑דהּ וַ יָּ ֶ֤שׂם ֲחזָ ֵאל֙ ָפּ ֔ ָניו ַל ֲﬠל֖ וֹת ַﬠל־יְ רוּ ָשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ‫ָ ֣אז יַ ֲﬠ ֗ ֶלה ֲחזָ ֵאל֙ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֔רם וַ יִּ ָ ֥לּ ֶחם ַﬠ ַ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪12:18‬‬

‫ַל ֲﬠלוֹת‬

‫‪Fourteen times‬‬

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 9:14.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 12:19‬‬ ‫יהוֹר ֩ם וַ ֲא ַחזְ ָ֨יהוּ ֲאב ָֹ֜תיו ַמ ְל ֵכ֤י יְ הוּ ָד ֙ה‬ ‫הוֹשׁ ָפ֣ט וִ ָ‬ ‫ר־ה ְק ִ ֣דּישׁוּ יְ ָ‬ ‫ל־ה ֳקּ ָד ִ֡שׁים ֲא ֶשׁ ִ‬ ‫הוּדה ֵ ֣את ָכּ ַ‬ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יְ ָ ֗‬ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֞קּח יְ ָ ֣‬ ‫הו֖ה ֵוּב֣ית ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֗ ַלח ַ ֽל ֲחזָ ֵאל֙ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֔רם וַ יַּ ַ֖ﬠל ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל‬ ‫ל־הזָּ ָ֗הב ַהנִּ ְמ ָצ֛א ְבּא ְֹצ ֥רוֹת ֵבּית־יְ ָ‬ ‫ת־ק ָד ָ֔שׁיו וְ ֵ ֣את ָכּ ַ‬ ‫וְ ֶא ֳ‬ ‫רוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ‫יְ ָ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ֳק ָד ָשׁיו‬

‫‪12:19‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪Num 5:10; 2 Kgs 12:19‬‬

‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬ ‫קדשיו ̇ב‬

‫ואיש את קדשיו‬ ‫ויקח יהואש מלך יהודה‬ ‫וחד ויבא את קדשי אביו וקדשיו בית‬

‫‪ֳ twice‬ק ָד ָשׁיו‬

‫‪Num 5:10‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 12:19‬‬

‫‪): 2 Chr 15:18‬וְ ֳק ָד ָשׁיו( ‪And once‬‬

‫‪Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, and the Mm additionally notes‬‬ ‫‪) at 2 Chr 15:18.‬וְ ֳק ָד ָשׁיו( ‪ cj.‬ו ‪its sole occurrence with a‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וּבית ַה ֶמּ ֶל�‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪12:19‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 12:19; Hos 5:1; 2 Chr 16:2‬‬ ‫——————————‬

192

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

�‫וּבית ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ֵ three times

2 Kgs 12:19 Hos 5:1 2 Chr 16:2

‫ובית המלך ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויקח יהואש מלך יהודה‬ ‫שמעו זאת הכהנים‬ ‫ויצא אסא כסף וזהב מאצרות‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (38x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 12:20 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫לוֹא־הם ְכּ‬ ֵ֣ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫יוֹאשׁ וְ ָכ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי‬ 12:20

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ

Sixteen times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16

̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

1 Kgs 22:26; 2 Kgs 11:2; 12:20; 12:21; 13:9 2 Kgs 13:12; 13:13a; 13:13b; 13:14; 13:25 2 Kgs 14:1; 14:3; 14:17; 14:23a; 14:23b 2 Kgs 14:27

Com.: The Mp heading here of sixteen times is inexact since there are forty occurrences of this lemma in the Bible. The note more precisely should have read, as the Mp heading at 2 Kgs 14:17 and 14:23a, sixteen times in the book (of Kings).

The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences in Kings of the name Joash written as ‫יוֹאשׁ‬, ָ to distinguish them from its seventeen occurrences written as ‫הוֹאשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫ ;י‬see directly above at 2 Kgs 12:1.

The Mp heading to 2 Kgs 13:25 reads sixteen times, and similarly all cases in the books of Judges, The Twelve, and Chronicles. In these latter books the lemma occurs twenty-four times, making a total of forty occurrences throughout the Bible. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

12:20

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS

193

2 KINGS 12:21 ‫יּוֹרד ִס ָ ֽלּא׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ת־יוֹאשׁ ֵ ֥בּית ִמ ֖לּ ֹא ַה‬ ָ֔ ‫כּוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ַ‫וּ־ק ֶשׁר וַ יּ‬ ֑ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֻ ֥ קמוּ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֖דיו וַ יִּ ְק ְשׁ ֽר‬ 12:21

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ

Sixteen times

Mp

̇‫י̇ ו‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 12:20. 12:21

‫ִמלֹּא‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

2 Sam 17:27; 2 Kgs 12:21

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written plene ‫ו‬.

The two forms of this lemma are homonyms, one (here) is part of the place name ‫ֵבּית ִמלֹּא‬ Beth-Millo, and the other at 2 Sam 17:27 is part of the place name ‫ לֹא ְד ָבר‬Lo debar with the inseparable prefix ‫) ִמלֹּא ְד ָבר( ִמ‬.

2 KINGS 12:22 ‫ם־אב ָ ֹ֖תיו ְבּ ִ ֣ﬠיר ָדִּו֑ד וַ יִּ ְמ�֛ � ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֥ה‬ ֲ ‫מת וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֥רוּ א ֹ֛תוֹ ִﬠ‬ ֹ ֔ ָ‫ן־שׁ ְמ ָﬠת וִ יהוֹזָ ָ֨בד ֶבּן־שׁ ֵ ֹ֤מר ׀ ֲﬠ ָב ָד ֙יו ִה ֻכּ֣הוּ וַ יּ‬ ִ֠ ‫וְ יוֹזָ ָ ֣בד ֶבּ‬ ‫ְבנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ 12:22

‫ִשׁ ְמ ָﬠת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:22; 2 Chr 24:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles.

In ML this lemma has no circellus, and the note has been placed in the right column one line below the text.

194

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

12:22

‫וִ יהוֹזָ ָבד‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:22; 1 Chr 26:4 (‫ ;)יְ הוֹזָ ָבד‬2 Chr 17:18 (‫ ;)יְ הוֹזָ ָבד‬24:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יְ הוֹ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) written with the divine element ‫וְ יוֹזָ ָבד( יוֹ‬/‫)יוֹזָ ָבד‬. 12:22

‫ֲא ַמ ְציָ ה‬

Nine times 1–5 6–9

‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 Kgs 12:22; 13:12; 14:8; 15:1; Amos 7:10 Amos 7:12; 7:14; 1 Chr 4:34; 6:30

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma written with a final ‫יָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (26x) with a final ‫;)א ַמ ְציָ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬ ֲ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §50.

2 KINGS 13:2 ‫א־סר ִמ ֶ ֽמּנָּ ה׃‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫ר־ה ֱח ִ ֥טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ל‬ ֶ ‫הו֑ה ַו֠יֵּ ֶל� ַא ַ֨חר ַח ֜טּ ֹאת יָ ָר ְב ָ ֧ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָ ֛בט ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 13:2

‫ַחטֹּאת‬

Six times defective 1–5 6

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Num 5:6; 2 Kgs 13:2; 2 Kgs 13:6 (‫;*)מ ַחטֹּאת‬ ֵ 24:3 (‫;)בּ ַחטֹּאת‬ ְ Jer 50:20 Ezek 18:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences in various forms written plene ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫;)ח ָטּאוֹת‬ ַ see 2 Kgs 12:17.

*ML, contrary to M (‫)מ ַחטֹּאת‬, ֵ has only five occurrences of this lemma since it writes the form at 2 Kgs 13:6 plene ‫;)מ ַחטֹּאות( ו‬ ֵ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 127.

2 KINGS

195

The Mp heading at Num 5:6 enumerates only five occurrences, and the Mm at Num 5:6 similarly lists only five sets of catchword including 2 Kgs 13:6 as being defective, but mistakenly excluding 2 Kgs 13:2 from its list; for further discussion of this discrepancy, see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 125, n. 33. MA, as ML, reads here six times defective, but MC reads five times defective (in the Prophets); see Castro, El codice, 3:243.

2 KINGS 13:4 ‫י־ל ַ ֥חץ א ָ ֹ֖תם ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֽרם׃‬ ָ ‫ת־ל ַ֣חץ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִ ֽכּ‬ ַ ‫הוה ִ ֤כּי ָר ָא ֙ה ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הו֑ה וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤מע ֵא ָל ֙יו י‬ ָ ְ‫ת־פּ ֵנ֣י י‬ ְ ‫הוֹא ָ ֖חז ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ַ ֥חל י‬ 13:4

‫וַ יְ ַחל‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 13:6.

Mp

2 KINGS 13:5 ‫יהם ִכּ ְת ֥מוֹל ִשׁ ְל ֽשׁוֹם׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ד־א ָ ֑רם וַ יֵּ ְשׁ ֧בוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ְבּ ָא ֳה ֵל‬ ֲ ַ‫מוֹשׁ ַי� וַ יֵּ ְ֣צ ֔אוּ ִמ ַ ֖תּ ַחת י‬ ִ֔ ֙‫הו֤ה ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ֵ֨תּן י‬ 13:5

‫ִכּ ְתמוֹל ִשׁ ְלשׁוֹם‬

Three times in the Prophets

̇‫̇ג בנבי‬

Mp

Josh 4:18; 1 Sam 21:6 (‫;)כּ ְתמוֹל ִשׁ ְלשׁ ֹם‬ ִ 2 Kgs 13:5 ——————————

‫ ִכּ ְתמוֹל ִשׁ ְלשׁוֹם‬three times in the Prophets, and their references

Josh 4:18 1 Sam 21:6 2 Kgs 13:5

‫וישבו מי הירדן‬ ‫כי אם אשה עצרה‬ ‫ויתן יהוה‬

‫בנביא וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫כתמול שלשום ̇ג‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets, to distinguish them from its three occurrences elsewhere in the Bible.

196

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 13:6

‫ר־ה ֱח ִ ֥טי ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָבּ֣הּ ָה ָל֑� וְ גַ ֙ם ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֔רה ָﬠ ְמ ָ ֖דה ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֶ ‫א־סרוּ ֵמ ַח ֧טּ ֹאות ֵבּית־יָ ָר ְב ָ ֛ﬠם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֜ ֹ ‫֠ ַא� ֽל‬ 13:6

‫ֶה ֱח ִטי‬

Read ‫ֶה ֱח ִטיא‬

‫החטיא ̇ק‬

—————————— Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp1 Mp2

2 Kgs 13:6; Jer 32:35 (‫החטי‬, kəṯîḇ)

Com.: In the first Mp, the kəṯîḇ (‫ )החטי‬represents an archaic orthography where only one of two adjoining and identical letters is written; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 95. Here the adjoining letter is ‫א‬, which is the first letter of the following word ‫את‬. ֶ

In the second Mp, the Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) written plene ‫)ה ֱח ִטיא( א‬. ֶ Neither MC nor ML has a kəṯîḇ/qərê here. MA reads twice defective ‫א‬, and MC reads defective ‫א‬. In ML there are two Mp notes but only one circellus. 13:6

Four times

‫ָﬠ ְמ ָדה‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 30:9; 2 Kgs 13:6; Ps 26:12; Qoh 2:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a cj. at 1 Kgs 1:2.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without ‫ו‬ cj. and once with a ‫ ו‬cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17.

2 KINGS

197

2 KINGS 13:7 �‫ים וַ ֲﬠ ָ ֣שׂ ָרה ֶ ֔ר ֶכב וַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִ ֖פים ַרגְ ִ ֑לי ִ ֤כּי ִא ְבּ ָד ֙ם ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ֙ ‫ם־ח ִמ ִ ֤שּׁים ָ ֽפּ ָר ִשׁ‬ ֲ ‫יהוֹא ָ֜חז ֗ ָﬠם ִ ֣כּי ִא‬ ָ ‫ִ ֣כּי ל ֹ ֩א ִה ְשׁ ִ֨איר ִל‬ ‫ֲא ָ ֔רם וַ יְ ִשׂ ֵ ֥מם ֶ ֽכּ ָﬠ ָ ֖פר ָל ֻ ֽדשׁ׃‬ 13:7

‫ָﬠם‬

Seventeen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Num 23:9; 23:24; Deut 4:33; Judg 9:36; 9:37 2 Kgs 13:7; 15:10; Isa 42:6; Ezek 33:31; Joel 2:16 Ps 18:44; 62:9; 72:4; Prov 14:28; Job 34:20 Esth 3:8; 1 Chr 17:21

—————————— ‫ ָﬠם‬seventeen times

1–5

6–10

11–15

16–17

̇‫עם י̇ ז‬

Mm

Num 23:9 Num 23:24 Deut 4:33 Judg 9:36 Judg 9:37 2 Kgs 13:7 ‫ ִל ְפדוֹת‬of Chronicles (1 Chr 17:21) Esth 3:8 Joel 2:16 Ps 18:44 Isa 42:6 Ps 62:9 Ezek 33:31 2 Kgs 15:10 Ps 72:4 Job 34;20 Prov 14:28

And similarly every ʾaṯnaḥ, and sôṕ pasûq

‫הן‬ ‫הן‬ ‫השמע‬ ‫יורד‬ ‫יורדים‬ ‫ליהואחז‬ ‫לפדות דדברי ימים‬ ‫ודתיהם‬ ‫אספו‬ ‫תפלטני‬ ‫ואצרך‬ ‫בטחו בו‬ ‫אליך‬ ‫ויכהו‬ ‫ישפט עניי‬ ‫יגעשו‬ ‫הדרת מלך‬

‫וסופ פסוק דכותהון‬ ̇ ̇‫וכל >זקף< אתנ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of ‫ ָﬠם‬written with a qameṣ, to distinguish them from its more numerous (100+) occurrences with a paṯaḥ (‫)ﬠם‬. ַ

This enumeration does not include the twenty occurences of this lemma with a zaqeṕ, ʾaṯnaḥ, or sôṕ pasûq.

198

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The additional notation of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 17:21 reference is to distinguish that reference from its parallel in 2 Sam 7:23 where the lemma occurs as ‫ל ָﬠם‬.ְ Notes on the Mp headings highlighted above. Judg 9:36

Seventeen times with a qameṣ and similarly with every ʾaṯnaḥ, qabbalah and sôṕ pasûq apart from twice (Ruth 2:11 and 2 Chr 1:9, when it occurs as ‫)ﬠם‬. ַ ֕ In this heading the term qabbalah (‫)קבל‬ ̇ appears in place of zaqeṕ; for a discussion of this term, see BHQ, Judges, 21*.

2 Kgs 13:7; 15:10; Seventeen times. Esth 3:8 Joel 2:16

Seventeen times and similarly with every ʾaṯnaḥ, and sôṕ pasûq.

Ps 62:9

Sixteen times with a qameṣ. Probably a graphic error of ‫ יו‬sixteen for ‫ יז‬seventeen.

Ps 72:4

Prov 14:28 1 Chr 17:21 13:7

Seventeen times with a qameṣ.

Sixteen times and similarly similarly every zaqeṕ, ʾaṯnaḥ, and sôṕ pasûq. Probably a graphic error of ‫ יו‬sixteen for ‫ יז‬seventeen. Sixteen times with a qameṣ and similarly with every ʾaṯnaḥ, and sôṕ pasûq. Probably a graphic error of ‫ יו‬sixteen for ‫ יז‬seventeen.

‫ָל ֻדשׁ‬

Twice, once defective and once plene 2 Kgs 13:7; Hos 10:11 (‫)לדוּשׁ‬ ָ

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וח‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written defective ‫( ו‬here), and one written plene ‫( ו‬Hos 10:11).

2 KINGS 13:8 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫לוֹא־הם ְכּ‬ ֵ֣ ‫בוּר ֑תוֹ ֲה‬ ָ ְ‫ל־א ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה וּג‬ ֲ ‫הוֹא ָ ֛חז וְ ָכ‬ ָ ְ‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֧רי י‬ 13:8

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS

199

2 KINGS 13:9 ‫יוֹאשׁ ְבּנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ֥ ָ � ֛�‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו ַוֽ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֻ ֖רהוּ ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן וַ יִּ ְמ‬ ֲ ‫וֹא ָח ֙ז ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤כּב יְ ֽה‬ 13:9

‫וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֻרהוּ ְבּשׁ ְֹמרוֹן‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ְבּשׁ ְֹמרוֹן‬with ‫( וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֻרהוּ‬qal), to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫( וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵבר‬niphal, ‫ )וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵבר ְבּשׁ ְֹמרוֹן‬at 1 Kgs 16:28 and 2 Kgs 14:16.

2 KINGS 13:10 ‫הוֹא ָ ֤חז ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ְבּ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן ֵ ֥שׁשׁ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֖רה‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶבּן־י‬ ָ֨ ְ‫הוּדה ֠ ָמ ַל� י‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫יוֹאשׁ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ֖ ָ ‫�שׁים וָ ֶ֨שׁ ַב ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ְל‬ ֤ ִ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ְשׁ‬ ‫ָשׁ ָנֽה׃‬ 13:10 Unique 1–2

‫הוֹאשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫ָמ ַל� י‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 Kgs 12:2; 13:10

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 13:11 ‫ר־ה ֱח ִ ֥טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָ ֥בּהּ ָה ָ ֽל�׃‬ ֶ ‫ל־ח ֞טּ ֹאות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֧ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָ ֛בט ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה ֣ל ֹא ָ֗סר ִמ ָכּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ֲֽﬠ ֶ ֥שׂה ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 13:11 Three times

‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה ָה ַרע‬ ‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 3:2. 13:11

Mp

�‫ָבּהּ ָה ָל‬

Unique at the end of a verse

‫פס‬ ̇ ̇‫̇ל בסו‬

Mp

Com.: In contrast to v.6 where this phrase is in the middle of the verse.

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 13:12‬‬

‫תוּבים ַﬠל־‬ ‫וֹא־הם ְכּ ִ֗‬ ‫הוּדה ֲה ֽל ֵ ֣‬ ‫שׁר נִ ְל ַ֔חם ִ ֖ﬠם ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֣ה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יְ ָ ֑‬ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ֔שׂה וּגְ ֣ב ָוּר ֔תוֹ ֲא ֶ ֣‬ ‫ל־א ֶ ֣‬ ‫יוֹא ֙שׁ וְ ָכ ֲ‬ ‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֤רי ָ‬ ‫ֵ ֛ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫נִ ְל ַחם‬ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

‫‪13:12‬‬

‫‪Twelve times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Judg 9:17.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 13:13‬‬ ‫יוֹא ֙שׁ ְבּ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן ִ ֖ﬠם ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ‫ל־כּ ְס ֑אוֹ וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֤בר ָ‬ ‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו וְ יָ ָר ְב ָ ֖ﬠם יָ ַ ֣שׁב ַﬠ ִ‬ ‫יוֹא ֙שׁ ִﬠ ֲ‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤כּב ָ‬ ‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ‫‪ָ 1‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫י̇ ו̇‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫י̇ ̇ה‬

‫‪13:13‬‬

‫‪Sixteen times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20.‬‬ ‫יָ ַשׁב‬

‫‪13:13‬‬

‫‪Fifteen times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 27:7.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 13:14‬‬ ‫אמר ָא ִ ֣בי ׀ ָא ִ֔בי ֶ ֥ר ֶכב‬ ‫ל־פּנָ ֙יו וַ יּ ֹ ַ֔‬ ‫יוֹאשׁ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל וַ יֵּ ְ֤בךְּ ַﬠ ָ‬ ‫ת־ח ְלי֔ וֹ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר יָ ֖מוּת ֑בּוֹ וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶרד ֵא ֜ ָליו ָ ֣‬ ‫ישׁ ֙ע ָח ָל֣ה ֶא ָ‬ ‫ֶו ֱֽא ִל ָ‬ ‫וּפ ָר ָ ֽשׁיו׃‬ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ‫ָ‬ ‫י̇ ו̇‬

‫‪13:14‬‬

‫‪Sixteen times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20.‬‬

2 KINGS

201

2 KINGS 13:15 ‫ישׁע ַ ֖קח ֶ ֣ק ֶשׁת וְ ִח ִ ֑צּים וַ יִּ ַ ֥קּח ֵא ָל֖יו ֶ ֥ק ֶשׁת וְ ִח ִ ֽצּים׃‬ ָ֔ ‫אמר ֙לוֹ ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 13:15 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ַקּח ֵא ָליו‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 13:17 ‫שׁוּﬠ֣ה ַ ֽב ֲא ָ ֔רם‬ ָ ‫שׁוּﬠה ַ ֽליהוָ ֙ה וְ ֵ ֣חץ ְתּ‬ ֤ ָ ‫ץ־תּ‬ ְ ‫אמר ֵח‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ישׁע יְ ֵר ֙ה וַ יּ֔ וֹר וַ ֗יּ‬ ֤ ָ ‫אמר ֱא ִל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ְפּ ַ ֧תח ַה ַחלּ֛ וֹן ֵ ֖ק ְד ָמה וַ יִּ ְפ ָ ֑תּח וַ ֤יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ ‫ד־כּ ֵ ֽלּה׃‬ ַ ‫ת־א ָ ֛רם ַבּ ֲא ֵ ֖פק ַﬠ‬ ֲ ‫ית ֶא‬ ֧ ָ ‫וְ ִה ִכּ‬ 13:17

‫ְפּ ַתח‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 13:17; Zech 11:1; Prov 31:8; 31:9 ——————————

‫ ְפּ ַתח‬four times, and their references 2 Kgs 13:17 Zech 11:1 Prov 31:8 Prov 31:9

‫פתח ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫פתח החלון קדמה‬ ‫פתח לבנון דלתיך‬ ‫פתח פיך לאלם‬ ‫שפט צדק‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma pointed with a šəwâ, possibly to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences with different pointing such as ‫ֶפּ ַתח‬ (107x) or ‫( ָפּ ַתח‬9x). 13:17

‫וַ יִּ ְפ ָתּח‬

Unique with qameṣ

‫֗ ָל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) with a paṯaḥ (‫)וַ יִּ ְפ ַתּח‬. 13:17

‫יְ ֵרה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

202

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

13:17

‫וַ יּוֹר‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

13:17

Mp

‫ית‬ ֧ ָ ‫וְ ִה ִכּ‬

Five times accented (milraʿ) 1–5

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Deut 20:13; Judg 6:16; 1 Sam 15:3 (‫יתה‬ ָ ‫ ;)וְ ִה ִכּ‬2 Kgs 9:7 (‫יתה‬ ָ ‫ ;)וְ ִה ִכּ‬13:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma accented milraʿ, to distinguish them from its two occurrences accented milʿêl at Exod 17:6 and 1 Sam 23:2.

The Mp heading at Judg 6:16 reads twice with the accent referring to the two occurrences of this lemma with the accent mêrəḵâ (‫ית‬ ֥ ָ ‫ )וְ ִה ִכּ‬there and at Deut 20:13. The headings at 1 Sam 15:3 and 2 Kgs 9:7 read three times plene referring to the three occurrences of this lemma written plene final ‫ה‬, the third occurrence being that at Jer 5:3 which does not have the ‫ ו‬cj. 13:17

‫ַכּ ֵלּה‬

Nine times written ‫ה‬ 1–5 6–9

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

1 Sam 3:12 (‫ ;)וְ ַכ ֵלּה‬2 Kgs 13:17; 13:19; Ps 59:14a; 59:14b Ps 74:11; Ezra 9:14; 2 Chr 24:10 (‫;)ל ַכ ֵלּה‬ ְ 31:1(‫)ל ַכ ֵלּה‬ ְ

——————————

‫ ַכּ ֵלּה‬nine times written ‫ה‬, and their references

1–5

6–9

1 Sam 3:12 2 Kgs 13:17 2 Kgs 13:19 2 Chr 31:1 Ps 59:14a Twice in the verse (Ps 59:14b) Ps 74:11 Ezra 9:14 2 Chr 24:10

(‫)ל ַכ ֵלּא‬: ְ Dan 9:24

‫כת ̇ה וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫כלה ̇ט‬

‫אקים אל עלי‬ ‫באפק עד כלה‬ ‫אז הכית את ארם‬ ‫)את אפרים( ]ובאפרים[ ומנשה‬ ‫כלה בחמה‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫מקרב חיקך‬ ‫הלוא תאנף בנו‬ ‫וישליכו לארון‬

‫>וחד< לכלא הפשע‬

Mm

2 KINGS

203

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in various forms written with a ‫ה‬, and one written with an ‫א‬. The Mp and Mm headings in MA read ten times, and the Mm there lists catchwords for all ten forms with an additional note at the end of nine written ‫ ה‬and one written ‫א‬. MC does not have a note here.

2 KINGS 13:19 ‫ד־כּ ֵלּ֑ה וְ ַﬠ ָ֕תּה ָשׁ�֥ שׁ‬ ַ ‫ת־א ָ ֖רם ַﬠ‬ ֲ ‫ית ֶא‬ ָ ‫אוֹ־שׁ ֙שׁ ְפּ ָﬠ ִ֔מים ָ ֛אז ִה ִ ֥כּ‬ ֵ ‫אמ ֙ר ְל ַה ֨כּוֹת ָח ֵ ֤משׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�הים וַ ֨יּ‬ ִ֗ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֨צֹף ָﬠ ֜ ָליו ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ‫ת־א ָ ֽרם׃ ס‬ ֲ ‫ְפּ ָﬠ ִ ֖מים ַתּ ֶ ֥כּה ֶא‬ 13:19

‫ַכּ ֵלּה‬

Nine times written ‫ה‬

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 13:17.

2 KINGS 13:21 ‫ישׁ ְבּ ַﬠ ְצ ֣מוֹת‬ ֙ ‫ישׁע וַ ֵ֜יּ ֶל� וַ יִּ ַגּ֤ע ָה ִא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖אישׁ ְבּ ֶ ֣ ק ֶבר ֱא ִל‬ ָ ‫ת־הגְּ ֔דוּד וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֥ליכוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי ֵ ֣הם ׀ ק ְֹב ִ ֣רים ִ֗אישׁ וְ ִהנֵּ ֙ה ָר ֣אוּ ֶ ֽא‬ ‫ל־רגְ ָ ֽליו׃ פ‬ ַ ‫ישׁע וַ יְ ִ ֖חי וַ יָּ ָ֥ קם ַﬠ‬ ָ֔ ‫ֱא ִל‬ 13:21

‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי‬

Nine times with the accent (geršayim) in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 3:18. 13:21

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ‬

‫ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ‬four times plene, and their references Exod 7:12 ‫אוֹתהּ‬ ָ ‫ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ‬of the King of Ai (Josh 8:29) Judg 8:25 2 Kgs 13:21

And similarly in all the Writings apart from one (‫תּוֹר ְת� )וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ‬ ָ ‫ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ ֶאת‬of Ezra (Neh 9:26)

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫וישליכו ̇ד‬

Mp

Mm

‫וישליכו איש מטהו‬ ‫וישליכו )אתה( ]אותה[ דמלך העי‬ ‫וישליכו שמה איש‬ ‫בקבר אלישע‬ ‫וכל כתיבי̇ דכות בר מן‬ ‫חד וישלכו את תורתך דעזרא‬

204

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the Pentateuch and Prophets written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its six occurrences written defective ‫)וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ( י‬. The Mm has an additional note that this lemma written plene ‫ י‬is also the norm (2x) in the Writings, apart from one case when it is written defective ‫ )וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ( י‬at Neh 9:26. The addition of the King of Ai to the catchwords ‫אוֹתהּ‬ ָ ‫ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ‬of the Josh 8:29 reference is simply for reference since there is no other occurrence of these catchwords. Similarly, the addition of Ezra to the catchwords �‫תּוֹר ְת‬ ָ ‫ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ ֶאת‬of the Neh 9:26 is also just for reference since there is no other occurrence of these catchwords.

ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִלכוּ‬, has a fifth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form at 2 Sam 18:17 plene ‫ ;)וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ( י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 95. However, the Mp headings at Exod 7:12, Josh 8:29, Judg 8:25 and the Mm headings here and at Exod 7:12 all read four times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 211r, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the following folio 211v.

2 KINGS 13:23 ‫יתם וְ ֽל ֹא־‬ ָ֔ ‫ת־א ְב ָר ָ ֖הם יִ ְצ ָ ֣חק וְ ַי ֲֽﬠ ֑קֹב וְ ֤ל ֹא ָא ָב ֙ה ַה ְשׁ ִח‬ ַ ‫יתוֹ ֶא‬ ֔ ‫יהם ְל ַ ֣מ ַﬠן ְבּ ִר‬ ֶ֔ ‫הוה א ָ ֹ֤תם ַ ֽו יְ ַר ֲח ֵמ ֙ם וַ יִּ ֶ֣פן ֲא ֵל‬ ָ֨ ְ‫וַ יָּ ָחן֩ י‬ ‫ד־ﬠ ָתּה׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ל־פּ ָנ֖יו ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫יכם ֵ ֽמ ַﬠ‬ ֥ ָ ‫ִה ְשׁ ִל‬ 13:23

‫וַ יְ ַר ֲח ֵמם‬

Unique

‫֗ל‬

Mp

13:23

‫אַב ָר ָהם יִ ְצ ָחק וְ יַ ֲﬠקֹב‬ ְ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 3:16; 2 Kgs 13:23

—————————— ‫אַב ָר ָהם יִ ְצ ָחק וְ יַ ֲﬠקֹב‬ ְ

Exod 3:16 2 Kgs 13:23

‫אברהם יצחק ויעקב‬

Mm

‫לך ואספת את זקני‬ ‫ויחן יהוה אתם וירחמם ויפן‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) that have ‫ ל‬prepositions (‫אַב ָר ָהם ְליִ ְצ ָחק‬ ְ ‫ְל‬ ‫)וּליַ ֲﬠקֹב‬. ְ Note that there is no number in the Mm heading.

2 KINGS 13:23

‫וְ יַ ֲﬠקֹב‬

Fourteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 24:4. 13:23

205

‫יתם‬ ָ ‫ַה ְשׁ ִח‬

Unique with paṯaḥ

‫֗ ַל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading of unique with paṯaḥ is inexact since there is no other occurrence of this lemma with a different vowel (presumably ḥîreq). The note more precisely should have read unique and with paṯaḥ. MA correctly reads here unique, whereas MC has no note.

13:23

‫ד־ﬠ ָתּה‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 32:5; Deut 12:9; 2 Sam 19:8; 2 Kgs 13:23 —————————— ‫ד־ﬠ ָתּה‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬four times

Gen 32:5 2 Sam 19:8 Deut 12:9 2 Kgs 13:23

‫עד עתה ̇ד‬

Mm

‫עם לבן )גרת( ]גרתי[ ואחר עד‬ [‫)מנעוריך( ]מנעריך‬ ‫כי לא באתם עד עתה אל המנוחה‬ ‫מעל פניו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its five occurrences with a cj. (‫ד־ﬠ ָתּה‬ ָ ‫ ;)וְ ַﬠ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §162.

2 KINGS 13:25 ‫הוֹא ָ ֥חז ָא ִ ֖ביו ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה‬ ָ ְ‫שׁר ָל ַ ֗קח ִמיַּ ֛ד י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ן־חזָ ֵ֔אל ֲא‬ ֲ ‫ן־ה ַ ֣דד ֶבּ‬ ֲ ‫ים ִמיַּ ֙ד ֶבּ‬ ֙ ‫ת־ה ָﬠ ִר‬ ֽ ֶ ‫הוֹא ָ֗חז וַ יִּ ַ ֤קּח ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶבּן־י‬ ֣ ָ ְ‫וַ ָ֜יּ ָשׁב י‬ ‫ת־ﬠ ֵ ֥רי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ָ ‫יוֹאשׁ וַ יָּ ֶ֖שׁב ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫ים ִה ָכּ֣הוּ‬ ֙ ‫ָשׁ�֤ שׁ ְפּ ָﬠ ִמ‬ 13:25

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ

Sixteen times, and similarly all cases in Judges, The Twelve, and Chronicles Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20.

‫י̇ ו̇ וכל שפטים‬ Mp ‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫הימ‬ ̇ ‫ודבר‬ ̇ ‫ותרי עשר‬

206

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 14:1 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ֖ ָ ‫ן־יוֹא ָ ֖חז ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָמ ַל֛� ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֥הוּ ֶב‬ ָ ‫יוֹאשׁ ֶבּ‬ ֥ ָ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ַנ֣ת ְשׁ ַ֔תּיִ ם ְל‬

14:1

‫יוֹא ָחז‬ ָ

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 14:1; 2 Chr 34:8; 36:2; 36:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יוֹ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) with the divine element ‫יְ הוֹ‬ (‫הוֹא ָחז‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬.

2 KINGS 14:2 ‫רוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹﬠ ָ ֖דּין ִמן־י‬ ַ ְ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ י‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ָח ֵ ֤משׁ ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָה ָי֣ה ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֤רים וָ ֵ֨ת ַשׁ ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ 14:2

‫ָהיָ ה ְב ָמ ְלכוֹ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 8:17. 14:2

‫הוֹﬠ ָדּין‬ ַ ְ‫י‬

Read ‫הוֹﬠ ָדּן‬ ֲ ְ‫י‬

‫יהועדן ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )יהועדין‬represents the writing of the ‫ י‬of the diphthong ay whereas the qərê (‫הוֹﬠ ָדּן‬ ֲ ְ‫ )י‬represents the contraction of this diphthong; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 100, and Cohen, The Kethiḇ and Qeri System, 135. 14:2

�‫רוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ְ‫ִמן־י‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:2; 2 Chr 26:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the separable prep. ‫מן‬, ִ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) written with the inseparable prep. (�‫ירוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ‫)מ‬. ִ

2 KINGS

207

2 KINGS 14:3 ‫יוֹאשׁ ָא ִ ֖ביו ָﬠ ָ ֽשׂה׃‬ ֥ ָ ‫ר־ﬠ ָ ֛שׂה‬ ָ ‫הוה ַ ֕רק ֖ל ֹא ְכּ ָדִו֣ד ָא ִ ֑ביו ְכּ ֧כֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֤ﬠשׂ ַהיָּ ָשׁ ֙ר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 14:3

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ

Sixteen times

̇‫י̇ ו‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20.

Mp

2 KINGS 14:6 ‫ים‬ ֙ ִ‫ל־בּנ‬ ָ ‫א־יוּמ ֨תוּ ָא ֤בוֹת ַﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫מר ל‬ ֹ ֗ ‫הוה ֵלא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫ר־צ ָ ֨וּה י‬ ִ ‫מ ֶשׁה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֹ ֠ ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֥י ַה ַמּ ִ ֖כּים ֣ל ֹא ֵה ִ ֑מית ַכּ ָכּ ֣תוּב ְבּ ֵ ֣ס ֶפר ֽתּ ַוֹרת־‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫ם־אישׁ ְבּ ֶח ְט ֖אוֹ יֻ ָ ֽמות׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫ל־א ֔בוֹת ִ ֛כּי ִא‬ ָ ‫א־יוּמ ֣תוּ ַﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ים ל‬ ֙ ִ‫וּבנ‬ ָ 14:6

‫ת־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:4. 14:6

‫תּוֹרת מ ֶֹשׁה‬ ַ ‫ְבּ ֵס ֶפר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 8:31.

Mp

In ML two circelli have been placed to include the preceding word ‫ַכּ ָכּתוּב( ַכּ ָכּתוּב‬ ‫תּוֹרת‬ ַ ‫ ) ְבּ ֵס ֶפר‬there being no circellus on ‫מ ֶֹשׁה‬. However, the phrase ‫תּוֹרת‬ ַ ‫ ַכּ ָכּתוּב ְבּ ֵס ֶפר‬only occurs twice, whereas the phrase ‫תּוֹרת מ ֶֹשׁה‬ ַ ‫ ְבּ ֵס ֶפר‬occurs three times. MA takes the lemma to be ‫תּוֹרת מ ֶֹשׁה‬ ַ ‫בּ ֵס ֶפר‬,ְ and, like ML, has notes at all three occurrences of three times. MC has no note here. 14:6

‫יֻ ָמות‬

Read ‫יוּמת‬ ָ

‫יומת ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ימות‬, qal), and the qərê (‫יוּמת‬, ָ hophal) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê forms occurring in different conjugations with identical meanings; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 133–34. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which two letters have been interchanged; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §91, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §73.

In ML this lemma has no circellus.

208

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 14:7

‫ת־שׁ ָמ ֙הּ יָ ְק ְת ֵ֔אל‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖סּ ַלע ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֤רא ֶא‬ ַ ‫שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ֔ ִפים וְ ָת ַ ֥פשׂ ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יא־המ ַל ֙ח ֲﬠ‬ ֶ֙ ֵ‫ת־א ֤דוֹם ְבּג‬ ֱ ‫הוּא־ה ָ֨כּה ֶא‬ ִ ‫ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ 14:7

‫המ ַלח‬ ֶ

Read ‫ֶמ ַלח‬

Mp

‫מלח ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)המלח‬, and the qərê (‫)מ ַלח‬ ֶ represent examples of the omission of a definite article; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 147.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ ה‬at the beginning of a word is written but not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §166, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §91. 14:7

‫ת־שׁ ָמהּ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

14:7

‫יָ ְק ְת ֵאל‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 7:12.

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. at Josh 15:38.

2 KINGS 14:8 ‫מר ְל ָ ֖כה נִ ְת ָר ֶ ֥אה ָפ ִ ֽנים׃‬ ֹ ֑ ‫הוֹא ָ ֧חז ֶבּן־יֵ ֛הוּא ֶ ֥מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶבּן־י‬ ָ֨ ְ‫ָ ֣אז ָשׁ ַל֤ח ֲא ַמ ְציָ ֙ה ַמ ְל ָא ִ֔כים ֶאל־י‬ 14:8

‫ֲא ַמ ְציָ ה‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:22.

2 KINGS

209

2 KINGS 14:10 ‫יהוּדה ִﬠ ָ ֽמּ�׃‬ ֥ ָ ִ‫ית� וְ ָל ָ֤מּה ִת ְתגָּ ֶר ֙ה ְבּ ָר ֔ ָﬠה וְ ָנ ַ֣פ ְל ָ֔תּה ַא ָ ֖תּה ו‬ ֶ֔ ‫שׁב ְבּ ֵב‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ת־א ֔דוֹם וּֽ נְ ָשׂ ֲא�֖ ִל ֶבּ֑� ִה ָכּ ֵב ֙ד ו‬ ֱ ‫ית ֶא‬ ָ֙ ‫ַה ֵכּ֤ה ִה ִ֨כּ‬ 14:10

�‫וּנְ ָשׂ ֲא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:10; 2 Chr 25:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. 14:10

‫ִת ְתגָּ ֶרה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:10; 2 Chr 25:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. 14:10

‫וְ נָ ַפ ְל ָתּה‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence written without this ‫ )וְ נָ ַפ ְל ָתּ( ה‬in the parallel passage at 2 Chr 25:19.

2 KINGS 14:11 ‫יהוּדה ִﬠ ָ ֽמּ�׃‬ ֥ ָ ִ‫ית� וְ ָל ָ֤מּה ִת ְתגָּ ֶר ֙ה ְבּ ָר ֔ ָﬠה וְ ָנ ַ֣פ ְל ָ֔תּה ַא ָ ֖תּה ו‬ ֶ֔ ‫שׁב ְבּ ֵב‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ת־א ֔דוֹם וּֽ נְ ָשׂ ֲא�֖ ִל ֶבּ֑� ִה ָכּ ֵב ֙ד ו‬ ֱ ‫ית ֶא‬ ָ֙ ‫ַה ֵכּ֤ה ִה ִ֨כּ‬ 14:11

‫וַ יִּ ְת ָראוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:11; 2 Chr 25:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles.

210

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 14:12 ‫הוּדה ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יָּ ֻנ֖סוּ ִ ֥אישׁ ְלא ָֹה ָ ֽלו׃‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ָנּ֥ גֶ ף י‬

14:12

‫וַ יִּ נָּ גֶ ף‬

Seven verses of seven words each of which contain the letter ‫י‬ 1–5 6–10 11

‫ז̇ פסוק מן ז̇ מלין כל מלה אית בהון יוד‬

Mp

2 Sam 22:49; 2 Kgs 14:12; Ezek 14:1; 30:19; Hos 6:2 Ps 3:6; 68:2; Job 7:13; Cant 1:2; 1 Chr 4:36; 2 Chr 25:22.

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven verses of seven words each of which contain the letter ‫ י‬is incorrect since there are eleven occurrences of this feature.

There is no Mm for this note in ML, and the only other places it is found in the Mp are in Miqra’ot Gedolot at Hos 6:2 (same note as above), and at 2 Chr 25:22 where the note says that there are ten verses with seven words each of which contain a ‫ ;י‬see Weiss, “A Puzzling Masoretic Note.” Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

14:12

‫ְלא ָֹה ָלו‬

Read ‫א ֳה ָליו‬ ֹ ‫ְל‬

‫לאהליו ̇ק‬

——————————

Mp

‫ ְלא ָֹה ָלו‬twice defective, and their references

‫לאהלו ̇ב חסירין וסימנהון‬

2 Sam 18:17 ‫ויקחו את אבשלום‬ ‫הוּדה ִל ְפנֵ י‬ ָ ְ‫ וַ יִּ נָּ גֶ ף י‬of Kings (2 Kgs 14:12) ‫דמלכ‬ ̇ ‫וינגף יהודה לפני‬

Mm

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )לאהלו‬without a ‫ י‬represents the archaic form of the 3rd masc. sg. sfx. to a pl. noun, whereas the qərê (‫א ֳה ָליו‬ ֹ ‫ ) ְל‬with a ‫ י‬represents the later form; see Cohen, The Kethiḇ and Qeri System, 33. MC, as ML, has a kəṯîḇ/qərê here, but MA reads twice defective.

2 KINGS

211

The Mm notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) written plene ‫)לא ָֹה ָליו( י‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the Mm note where the addition of Kings to the catchwords ‫וַ יִּ נָּ גֶ ף‬ ‫הוּדה ִל ְפנֵ י‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬of the 2 Kgs 14:12 reference distinguishes that verse from its parallel in 2 Chr 25:22, where the lemma is written as ‫לא ָֹה ָליו‬.ְ

2 KINGS 14:13 ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם‬ ָ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְבּ ֵב֣ית ָ ֑שׁ ֶמשׁ וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙או יְ ֣ר‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫ן־א ַחזְ ָ֗יהוּ ָתּ ַ ֛פשׂ י‬ ֲ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶבּ‬ ֣ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ֶבּן־י‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫וְ ֵא ֩ת ֲא ַמ ְצ ָ֨יהוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ‫ד־שׁ ַﬠר ַה ִפּ ֔ ָנּה ַא ְר ַ ֥בּע ֵמ ֖אוֹת ַא ָ ֽמּה׃‬ ֣ ַ ‫רוּשׁ ֜ ַל ִם ְבּ ַ ֤שׁ ַﬠר ֶא ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ַﬠ‬ ָ ְ‫חוֹמת י‬ ַ֨ ‫וַ יִּ ְפר ֹץ֩ ְבּ‬ 14:13

‫הוּדה‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫וְ ֶ֩את ֲא ַמ ְצ ָ֨יהוּ ֶמ ֶל� י‬

King Amaziah of Judah (2 Kgs 14:13) ‫יהודה‬ ֜ ‫֩ואת אמצי֨ הו מלך‬ ואת־צדקי֨ הו מלך‬ The first has təlîšâ (‫)ואת‬, ֶ֩ the second has ḥaṭeṕ (‫)ואת־‬ ֶ The first was displaced from kingship, but restored to kingship

, Zedekiah, was snatched, from kingship and was not restored to kingship

Mm

‫הראשון תלש והשני חטף‬

‫הראשון נתלש מן הממלכות וחזר למלכות‬ ‫>השני< צדקיהו נחטף‬ ‫מן המלכות ולא חזר למלכות‬

Com.: This Mm note is one of the few that are both descriptive as well as exegetical, and is concerned with the different fates of Amaziah and Zedekiah, kings of Judah.

The former was captured, but then released (2 Kgs 14:13–17; 2 Chr 25:23–25), while the latter was captured and exiled to Babylon where he died (2 Kgs 25:6–7; Jer 39:5–7; 52:9–11).

The difference between the fates of the two kings is illustrated by a comparison of the accents used to describe them in the formula and X, King of Judah. The restoration in the Mm is on the basis of the Mm in MA at 2 Chr 25:23 sub ‫הוּדה‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫וְ ֶ֩את ֲא ַמ ְצ ָ֨יהוּ ֶמ ֶל� י‬.

In the case of Amaziah, with which the note begins, there is a təlîšâ qəṭannâ over the initial combination ‫וְ ֶאת‬, thus ‫( וְ ֶ֩את ֲא ַמ ְצ ָ֨יהוּ‬2 Kgs 14:13; 2 Chr 25:23). With Zedekiah there is no accent, thus ‫ת־צ ְד ִק ָ֨יּהוּ‬ ִ ‫( וְ ֶא‬Jer 34:21).

The descriptive part of the note says that the first phrase has a təlîšâ accent (‫)תלש‬, the second phrase, represented by a maqqeṕ, has no accent – it is ḥaṭeṕ (‫)חטף‬, that is, it does not have a gaʿyâ or meṯeḡ.

212

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The exegetical part of the note puns on these accents and remarks that the first (Amaziah) was displaced (‫ )נִ ְת ַלשׁ‬from kingship, but restored to kingship; the second (Zedekiah) was snatched (‫)נֶ ְח ַטף‬ from kingship, and was not restored to kingship. Note that the accents təlîšâ qəṭannâ and ʾazlâ gereš have been written in the Mm note. 14:13

Read ‫וַ יָּ בֹא‬

‫וַ יָּ בֹאו‬ ‫ויבא ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ויבאו‬, they came), and the qərê (‫וַ יָּ בֹא‬, he came) represent variants of equal value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬at the end of a word is written but not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §120, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §106.

2 KINGS 14:14 ‫רוֹת ֵבּ֣ית ַה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� וְ ֵ ֖את ְבּ ֵנ֣י‬ ֙ ‫א ְצ‬ ֹ ֽ ‫וּב‬ ְ ‫הוה‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ל־ה ֵכּ ֜ ִלים ַהנִּ ְמ ְצ ִ ֣אים ֵבּית־י‬ ַ ‫ב־ו ַ֠ה ֶכּ ֶסף וְ ֵ֨את ָכּ‬ ְ ‫ל־הזָּ ָה‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ָל ַ ֣ קח ֶא‬ ‫ַה ַ ֽתּ ֲﬠ ֻר ֑בוֹת וַ יָּ ָ֖שׁב שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹנָ ה׃‬ 14:14

‫ת־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:4. 14:14

‫ַה ַתּ ֲﬠ ֻרבוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:14; 2 Chr 25:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. The Mp heading at 2 Chr 25:24 reads twice and written (this way). 14:14

Three times

‫שׁ ְֹמרוֹנָ ה‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 20:43.

2 KINGS

213

2 KINGS 14:15 ‫ל־ס ֶפר‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫הוּדה ֲהל‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫שׁר נִ ְל ַ֔חם ִ ֖ﬠם ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֣הוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ָﬠ ָשׂ ֙ה וּגְ ֣ב ָוּר ֔תוֹ וַ ֲא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫וְ יֶ ֶתר֩ ִדּ ְב ֵ ֨רי י‬ ‫ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 14:15

‫נִ ְל ַחם‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Num 21:26; Judg 9:17; 11:25; 2 Sam 8:10; 1 Kgs 14:19 2 Kgs 13:12; 14:15; Isa 30:32; Isa 63:10; 1 Chr 18:10 2 Chr 20:29; 27:5

——————————

‫ נִ ְל ַחם‬twelve times with paṯaḥ 1–5

6–10

11–12

‫פת‬ ̇ ‫נלחם י̇ ̇ב‬

Mm

Num 21:26 Judg 11:25 Judg 9:17 2 Sam 8:10 And its companion (1 Chr 18:10) ‫ יָ ָר ְב ָﬠם‬the first (occurrence) (1 Kgs 14:19) 2 Kgs 13:12 2 Kgs 14:15 Isa 30:32 Isa 63:10 2 Chr 20:29 2 Chr 27:5

‫חשבון‬ ‫הטוב‬ ‫אשר‬ ‫בהדדעזר‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ̇‫ירבעם קדמי‬ ‫יואש‬ ‫יהואש‬ ‫ובמלחמות‬ ‫ויהפך‬ ‫פחד‬ ‫ויחזק‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ (perf.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) with a qameṣ (‫נִ ְל ָחם‬, ptcpl.); see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §182A. This distinction is implied in the Mm lists of 2 Sam 8:10 and here, where there is an additional notation of the first occurrence to the catchword Jeroboam in the 1 Kgs 14:19 reference, to distinguish this reference from its second occurrence of this catchword in 2 Kgs 14:28 where the lemma appears as ‫נִ ְל ָחם‬. In ML the circellus has also mistakenly been placed between this lemma and the preceding word ‫וַ ֲא ֶשׁר‬, but that combination only occurs twice, at 1 Kgs 22:46 and here, so the note belongs only on ‫נִ ְל ַחם‬. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 211v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom left of the following folio 212r.

214

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 14:17

‫וֹא ָ ֖חז ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֲח ֵ ֥משׁ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֖רה ָשׁ ָנֽה׃‬ ָ ‫הוֹאשׁ ֶבּן־יְ ֽה‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ַ ֽא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ֔מוֹת י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ן־יוֹא ֙שׁ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ֨חי ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֤הוּ ֶב‬ 14:17

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ

Sixteen times in the book Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20. 14:17

‫אַח ֵ ֣רי ֔מוֹת‬ ֲ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

Mp

Lev 16:1; 2 Kgs 14:17; 2 Chr 25:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this phrase with the accents mûnaḥ and zaqeṕ, to distinguish them from occurrences with different accents such as pašṭâ and mûnaḥ (Gen 25:11; Judg 1:1; 2 Sam 1:1), ṭiṕḥâ and mûnaḥ (Gen 26:18; Ruth 2:11), təḇîr and mêrəḵâ (Josh 1:1; 2 Chr 22:4), or ṭiṕḥâ and mêrəḵâ (2 Kgs 1:1). Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 14:19 ‫ישׁה וַ יְ ִמ ֻ ֖תהוּ ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ ָ ‫ישׁה וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְל ֤חוּ ַ ֽא ֲח ָר ֙יו ָל ִ֔כ‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ַל֖� וַ יָּ ֣נָ ס ָל ִ ֑כ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ְשׁ ֨רוּ ָﬠ ָ ֥ליו ֶ ֛ק ֶשׁר ִבּ‬ 14:19 Six times 1–5 6

‫ישׁה‬ ָ ‫ ָל ִכ‬1 ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Josh 10:31; 2 Kgs 14:19a; 14:19b; 18:14; 2 Chr 25:27a 2 Chr 25:27b

—————————— ‫ישׁה‬ ָ ‫ ָל ִכ‬six times 1–5

6

̇‫לכישה ו‬

Mm

Josh 10:31 2 Kgs 14:19a Twice in it (2 Kgs 14:19b) ‫ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬of Kings (2 Kgs 18:14) 2 Chr 25:27a Twice in it (2 Chr 25:27b)

‫ויעבר יהושע‬ ‫ויקשרו עליו‬ ‫̇ב בו‬ [‫)יחזקיה( ]חזקיה[ )דישעיה( ]דמלכים‬ [‫ומעת אשר סר )אמציה( ]אמציהו‬ ‫̇ב בו‬

2 KINGS

215

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) without this adverbial ending.

This distinction is implied in the Mm list in the additional note of Kings (incorrectly written as of Isaiah) to the 2 Kgs 18:14 reference which distinguishes that verse from its parallel in 2 Chr 32:9, where the lemma occurs as ‫ ָל ִכישׁ‬. 14:19

Six times

‫ישׁה‬ ָ ‫ ָל ִכ‬2 ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above. 14:19

‫וַ יְ ִמ ֻתהוּ‬

Three times defective

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

2 Sam 4:7; 18:15*; 2 Kgs 14:19 —————————— ‫ וַ יְ ִמ ֻתהוּ‬three times defective

‫וימתהו ̇ג חסירין‬

2 Sam 4:7 2 Sam 18:15 ‫ וַ יִּ ְק ְשׁרוּ ָﬠ ָליו‬of Kings (2 Kgs 14:19) And three times written ‫יתהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ יְ ִמ‬ (2 Chr 22:9; 25:27; 33:24)

Mm

‫ויכהו )וימיתהו( ]וימתהו[ ויסירו‬ ‫ויסבו עשרה נערים‬ ‫ויקשרו עליו דמלכים‬ [‫כת )וימתהו( ]וימיתהו‬ ̇ ‫ותלתה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective second ‫י‬, and the Mm also notes its three occurrences written plene second ‫יתהוּ( י‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִמ‬.

The additional notation of Kings to the catchwords ‫ וַ יִּ ְק ְשׁרוּ ָﬠ ָליו‬of the 2 Kgs 14:19 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in 2 Chr 25:27, where the lemma is written plene as ‫יתהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ יְ ִמ‬.

*ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יְ ִמ ֻתהוּ‬, writes 2 Sam 18:15 plene second ‫יתהוּ( י‬ ֻ ‫ ;)וַ יְ ִמ‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 95. On the other hand, contra M (‫יתהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)וַ יְ ִמ‬, it writes the form at 2 Chr 22:9 defective second ‫ ;)וַ יְ ִמ ֻתהוּ( י‬see ibid, 380. The Mp heading at 2 Sam 18:15 reads six times, three defective noting all six forms listed in the Mm above.

216

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 14:21 :‫ן־שׁשׁ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֖רה ָשׁ ָנ֑ה וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֣לכוּ א ֹ֔תוֹ ַ ֖תּ ַחת ָא ִ ֥ביו ֲא ַמ ְצ ָיֽהוּ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ת־ﬠזַ ְר ָ֔יה וְ ֕הוּא ֶבּ‬ ֲ ‫הוּד ֙ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ל־ﬠם י‬ ֤ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֞חוּ ָכּ‬

14:21

Read ‫וְ הוּא‬

‫והוא‬ ‫וְ הוּא ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ of ML is illegible for this word in that the space for its four consonants is overcrowded, with the letters superimposed on each other. The qərê is written larger than usual in a darker ink, and untypically is vocalized. It may have come from the original scribe who, having made a copying error, corrected it in the margin.

2 KINGS 14:22 ‫ם־אב ָ ֹֽתיו׃ פ‬ ֲ ‫ב־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ִﬠ‬ ַ ‫יהוּדה ַא ֲח ֵ ֥רי ְשׁ ַ ֽכ‬ ֑ ָ ‫ת־א ֔ ַילת וַ יְ ִשׁ ֶ ֖ב ָה ִ ֽל‬ ֵ ‫֚הוּא ָבּ ָנ֣ה ֶא‬ 14:22

‫וַ יְ ִשׁ ֶב ָה‬

Twice, once defective and once plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

2 Kgs 14:22 (‫ ;)וַ יְ ִשׁ ֶב ָה‬2 Chr 26:2 (‫יב ָה‬ ֶ ‫)וַ יְ ִשׁ‬ ——————————

(In) Kings: ‫ וֶ ֱה ִשׁיבוּם‬plene (1 Kgs 14:28) ‫ וַ יְ ִשׁ ֶב ָה‬defective (2 Kgs 14:22)

‫מלכים‬ Mm ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫והשיבום‬ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫וישבה‬

In Chronicles: ‫ וֶ ֱה ִשׁבוּם‬defective (2 Chr 12:11) ‫יב ָה‬ ֶ ‫ וַ יְ ִשׁ‬plene (2 Chr 26:2)

‫הימ‬ ̇ ‫דדבר‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫והשבום‬ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וישיבה‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, once written defective ‫ י‬in Kings (‫וַ יְ ִשׁ ֶב ָה‬, here), and once written plene ‫יב ָה( י‬ ֶ ‫ )וַ יְ ִשׁ‬in Chronicles (the parallel text, 2 Chr 26:2). The Mm also notes the opposite phenomenon that the form ‫ וֶ ֱה ִשׁיבוּם‬is written plene ‫ י‬in Kings (1 Kgs 14:28), but defective ‫ י‬in Chronicles (‫וֶ ֱה ִשׁבוּם‬, 2 Chr 12:11).

2 KINGS

217

2 KINGS 14:23 ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ְבּ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן‬ ֤ ָ ‫הוּדה ֠ ָמ ַל� יָ ָר ְב ֨ ָﬠם ֶבּ‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ֖ ָ ‫שׁ־ﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֣רה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ַל ֲא ַמ ְצ ָי֥הוּ ֶב‬ ֶ ‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ֙ת ֲח ֵמ‬ ‫ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים וְ ַא ַ ֖חת ָשׁ ָנֽה׃‬ 14:23

‫יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ 1

Sixteen times in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ו‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:20.

Mp

2 KINGS 14:24 ‫אות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֣ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָ֔בט ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֖טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֙ ֹ ‫ל־חטּ‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה ֣ל ֹא ָ֗סר ִמ ָכּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 14:24

‫ל־חטֹּאות‬ ַ ‫ִמ ָכּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 13:11; 14:24

Com.: This lemma features in a Masoretic list showing how the phrase from the sins (of Jeroboam son of Nebat) is used in connection with various kings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §294, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §128. With Jehu (2 Kgs 10:31) and Menahem (2 Kgs 15:18), it is ‫ ֵמ ַﬠל ַחטֹּאות‬.

With Joash (2 Kgs 13:11) and Jeroboam (here), it is ‫ִמ ָכּל ַחטֹּאות‬

With Jehoahaz (2 Kgs 13:6), Zechariah (2 Kgs 15:9), and Pekahiah (2 Kgs 15:24), it is ‫מ ַחטֹּאות‬. ֵ

2 KINGS 14:25 ‫שׁר ִדּ ֶ֗בּר ְבּיַ ד־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֲא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ד־י֣ם ָה ֲﬠ ָר ָ ֑בה ִכּ ְד ַ ֤בר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫יב ֶאת־גְּ ֣בוּל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִמ ְלּ ֥בוֹא ֲח ָ ֖מת ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫֗הוּא ֵה ִשׁ‬ ‫תּי ַהנָּ ִ֔ביא ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ִמ ַגּ֥ת ַה ֵ ֽח ֶפר׃‬ ֙ ַ ‫ן־א ִמ‬ ֲ ‫יוֹנ֤ה ֶב‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ ְב ֞דּוֹ‬ 14:25 Unique

‫ִמ ְלּבוֹא ֲח ָמת ַﬠד יָ ם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

218

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ִמ ְלּבוֹא ֲח ָמת ַﬠד‬with ‫יָ ם‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ִמ ְלּבוֹא ֲח ָמת ַﬠד נַ ַחל( נַ ַחל‬at 1 Kgs 8:65 and 2 Chr 7:8. In ML only one circellus has been placed on ‫ ִמ ְלּבוֹא ֲח ָמת‬but, since this phrase occurs more than once, it is most likely that the note should be extended to include ‫ ַﬠד יָ ם‬as the longer phrase ‫ ִמ ְלּבוֹא ֲח ָמת ַﬠד יָ ם‬only occurs this once. 14:25

Unique

‫ן־א ִמ ַתּי‬ ֲ ‫ֶב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

1–2 2 Kgs 14:25; Jonah 1:1

Com.: The Mp heading of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

MC has no note, and MA is not extant here. 14:25

Unique

‫ַה ֵח ֶפר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 14:26 ‫צוּר וְ ֶ ֣א ֶפס ָﬠז֔ וּב וְ ֵ ֥אין ע ֵֹז֖ר ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֙ ‫אד וְ ֶ ֤א ֶפס ָﬠ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ת־ﬠ ִ ֥ני יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל מ ֶ ֹ֣רה ְמ‬ ֳ ‫הו֛ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫י־ר ָ ֧אה י‬ ָ ‫ִכּ‬ 14:26

‫מ ֶֹרה‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Deut 11:30; 21:20 (‫ ;)וּמ ֶֹרה‬2 Kgs 14:26; Ps 78:8 (‫ ;)וּמ ֶֹרה‬Prov 6:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) written plene ‫וּמוֹרה( ו‬ ֶ /‫מוֹרה‬ ֶ ). 14:26

Unique

‫וְ ֶא ֶפס ָﬠזוּב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וְ ֶא ֶפס‬with ‫ﬠזוּב‬, ָ to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ )וְ ֶא ֶפס ָﬠצוּר( ָﬠצוּר‬at Deut 32:36, and also in this verse.

2 KINGS 14:26

‫וְ ֵאין עֹזֵ ר‬

Three times 1–5 6

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 14:26; Isa 63:5; Ps 72:12; 107:12; Lam 1:7 (‫)עו̇זֵ ר‬ Dan 11:45 (‫)עוֹזֵ ר‬

——————————

‫ וְ ֵאין עֹזֵ ר‬six times, and (their) references 1–5

6

219

2 Kgs 14:26 Isa 63:5 Ps 72:12 Ps 107:12 Dan 11:45 Lam 1:7

‫וסימ‬ ̇ ̇‫ואין עזר ו‬

Mm

‫כי ראה יהוה‬ ‫ואביט ואין עזר‬ ‫כי יציל‬ [‫בע( ]בעמל‬ ̇ ) ‫ויכנע‬ ‫ויטע אהלי‬ ‫זכרה ירושלם‬

Com.: The Mp number here of three times is incorrect; it should be six times as correctly noted in the Mm here and in Isa 63:5, and in the headings of the other highlighted Mp notes.

The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Ps 22:12. MC correctly reads six times, and MA is not extant here.

In ML on the top of folio 212r there is an additional fragment of this Masorah. The scribe started to write this note but, having run out of space, restarted the full note at the bottom right of the folio. The fragmentary text contains the lemma and two sets of catchwords, ‫ְבּיַ ד‬ ‫( ָצר‬Lam 1:7) and ‫( וּ ָבא ַﬠד‬Dan 11:45).

2 KINGS 14:27 ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫יﬠם ְבּ ַי֖ד יָ ָר ְב ָ ֥ﬠם ֶבּ‬ ֵ ֔ ‫וֹשׁ‬ ִ ֣‫ת־שׁם יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִמ ַ ֖תּ ַחת ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֑מיִ ם וַ יּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫חוֹת ֶא‬ ֙ ‫הוה ִל ְמ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫א־ד ֶבּ֣ר י‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ 14:27 Four times

‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 3:9 (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫ ;*)וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬2 Kgs 14:27; Ps 106:8; 106:10 ——————————

220

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫ ו‬four times

Judg 3:9 Ps 106:8 2 Kgs 14:27 Ps 106:10

‫ויושיעם ̇ד‬

Mm

‫עתניאל‬ ‫למען שמו‬ ‫ירבעם‬ ‫מיד שונא‬

The first is written ‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫ ו‬and the second (= the rest) ‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬

‫כתב ותרי̇ וישיעם‬ ̇ ‫קדמיה ויושיעם‬

(And two with a ‫ ו‬cj. ‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫)ו‬ Ps 37:40 ‫ויעזרם יהוה ויפלטם‬ Ps 145:19 ‫רצון יראיו יעשה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., and the Mm notes its two occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫ )ו‬at Ps 37:40 and 145:19. *ML, contrary to M (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫)וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬, writes Judg 3:9 plene ‫יﬠם( ו‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫ ;)ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 56),

The Mm note also observes that the first of these forms (at Judg 3:9) is written plene ‫ו‬ (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫)ו‬, while the rest of the forms are written defective ‫יﬠם( ו‬ ֵ ‫)וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬.

Whereas the first part of this observation is true for ML (but not for M, see above), the second part of this observation is neither true for ML nor for M, since in both ML and M the last three forms are written plene ‫יﬠם( ו‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫)ו‬. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the Masorete intended to write “the first is written ‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫ =[ וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬M]” but inadvertently mixed up with the terms “first” and “second (= the rest).”

2 KINGS 14:28 ‫יהוּדה‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־ח ָ ֛מת ִל‬ ֲ ‫ת־דּ ֶ ֧מּ ֶשׂק וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫בוּר ֣תוֹ ֲא ֶשׁר־נִ ְל ָ֔חם וַ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ֵה ִ֜שׁיב ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ל־א ֶ ֤שׁר ָﬠ ָשׂ ֙ה וּג‬ ֲ ‫וְ יֶ ֶתר֩ ִדּ ְב ֵ ֨רי יָ ָר ְב ֜ ָﬠם וְ ָכ‬ ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֲהל‬ 14:28

‫וְ יֶ ֶתר֩ ִדּ ְב ֵ ֨רי‬

Four times with the accents (təlîšâ qəṭannâ and ʾazlâ) 1 Kgs 22:39; 2 Kgs 14:15; 14:28; 2 Chr 36:8

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 KINGS

221

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ֩‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר‬with the accents təlîšâ qəṭannâ and ʾazlâ, to distinguish them from occurrences of ‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר‬with other accents such as ʾazlâ and mêrəḵâ (2 Kgs 10:34), ʾazlâ and mahpaḵ (2 Kgs 21:17) and təḇîr (2 Kgs 15:36; 16:19).

This distinction is implied in the Mm to 1 Kgs 22:39 where there is an additional notation of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 36:8 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Kgs 24:5, where ‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר‬occurs with a təḇîr accent. 14:28

‫יהוּדה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ָ ‫ִל‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ‫ ִל‬with ‫בּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬,ְ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫יהוּדה וְ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל( וְ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ָ ‫ ) ִל‬at 2 Chr 16:11.

2 KINGS 15:1 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ן־א ַמ ְצ ָי֖ה ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ֲ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֤רים וָ ֶ֨שׁ ַב ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ְליָ ָר ְב ָ ֖ﬠם ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָמ ַל֛� ֲﬠזַ ְר ָי֥ה ֶב‬ 15:1

‫ֲא ַמ ְציָ ה‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:22.

2 KINGS 15:2 ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ יְ ָכ ְל ָי֖הוּ ִמ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫וּשׁ ַ֨תּיִ ֙ם ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ְ ‫ן־שׁשׁ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֤רה ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָה ָי֣ה ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וַ ֲח ִמ ִ ֤שּׁים‬ ֵ֨ ‫ֶבּ‬ 15:2 Unique

�‫ירוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ‫יְ ָכ ְליָ הוּ ִמ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the occurrence of this lemma written this way, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the parallel passage at 2 Chr 26:3 written as �‫רוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ְ‫יְ ָכ ְליָ ה ִמן י‬.

222

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 15:5

‫ל־ה ַ֔בּיִ ת שׁ ֵ ֹ֖פט‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫יוֹתם ֶבּ‬ ֤ ָ ְ‫ת־ה ֶ֗מּ ֶל� וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ְמצ ָֹר ֙ע ַﬠד־י֣ וֹם מ ֹ֔תוֹ וַ יֵּ ֶ֖שׁב ְבּ ֵב֣ית ַה ָח ְפ ִ ֑שׁית ו‬ ַ ‫הוה ֶא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫וַ יְ נַ ֨ ַגּע י‬ ‫ת־ﬠם ָה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ֥ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 15:5

‫וַ יְ נַ גַּ ע יְ הוָ ה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 12:17; 2 Kgs 15:5

Com.: The Mp heading at Gen 12:17 contains the catchwords ‫ת־ה ֶמּ ֶל�( את המלך‬ ַ ‫)א‬, ֶ which refer the reader back to this verse.

In ML the circellus has been placed here only on ‫וַ יְ נַ גַּ ע‬, but it is on both words in MC and in Gen 12:17. 15:5

‫מֹתוֹ‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 33:39 (‫;)בּמֹתוֹ‬ ְ Deut 34:7 (‫;)בּמֹתוֹ‬ ְ 2 Kgs 15:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) written plene ‫ ְבּמוֹתוֹ( ו‬/‫)מוֹתוֹ‬. 15:5

‫וַ יֵּ ֶשׁב ְבּ ֵבית ַה ָח ְפ ִשׁית‬

(In) Kings: 2 Kgs 15:5

In Chronicles: 2 Chr 26:21

And their sîman is Deut 4:3

‫מלכים‬ Mm ‫וישב בבית החפשית‬

‫דדברי הימים‬ ‫בית החפשית‬ ‫וסימנהון‬ ‫עיניכם הראת את אשר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes two parallel phrases, one in 2 Kgs 15:5 and one in 2 Chr 26:21, the first one has the prep. ‫ ב‬with ‫ ֵבּית‬and the second does not.

The verse from Deut 4:3 is cited as the third verse sîman because it contains the elements of this difference, namely two phrases ‫ ְבּ ַב ַﬠל ְפּעוֹר‬and ‫ ַבּ ַﬠל ְפּעוֹר‬, one with the prep. ‫ ב‬and one without the prep., and occurring in the same order as in the two verses from Kings and Chronicles.

2 KINGS

223

This lemma is featured in a wider list of parallel phrases, all of which are characterized by the first phrase occurring with the prep. ‫ ב‬with ‫בּית‬,ֵ and the second without; see the Mm at Esth 5:1 sub ‫ְבּ ֵבית ַה ַמּ ְלכוּת‬ This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 212r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom right of the following folio 212v.

2 KINGS 15:6 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יְ הוּ ָ ֽדה׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲהל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ֲﬠזַ ְר ָי֖הוּ וְ ָכ‬ 15:6

‫ֲﬠזַ ְריָ הוּ‬

Twice in the Prophets

Mp

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 4:2.

2 KINGS 15:7 ‫יוֹתם ְבּנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ֥ ָ � ֛�‫ם־אב ָ ֹ֖תיו ְבּ ִ ֣ﬠיר ָדִּו֑ד וַ יִּ ְמ‬ ֲ ‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֥רוּ א ֹ֛תוֹ ִﬠ‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤כּב ֲﬠזַ ְריָ ֙ה ִﬠ‬ 15:7

‫וַ יִּ ְק ְבּרוּ אֹתוֹ ִﬠם‬

Twice in the book

2 Kgs 12:22; 15:7

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the book, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the book of Chronicles at 2 Chron 25:28 and 26:23.

2 KINGS 15:8 ‫הוּדה ֠ ָמ ַל� זְ ַכ ְר ָ֨יהוּ ֶבן־יָ ָר ְב ָ ֧ﬠם ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֖רוֹן ִשׁ ָ ֥שּׁה‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫וּשׁמֹנֶ ֙ה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ַל ֲﬠזַ ְר ָי֖הוּ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ְ ‫�שׁים‬ ֤ ִ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ְשׁ‬ ‫ֳח ָד ִ ֽשׁים׃‬ 15:8

‫זְ ַכ ְריָ הוּ‬

Four times in the Prophets 1–2

2 Kgs 15:8; Isa 8:2

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

224

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times in the Prophets is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets written with the divine element ‫יָ הוּ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in the Prophets without the divine element ‫ ;)זְ ַכ ְריָ ה( יָ ה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §59. The Mp heading at Isa 8:2 correctly reads twice in the Prophets.

MC reads here twice (in the Prophets), and similarly all Chronicles apart from seven. MA is not extant here.

2 KINGS 15:10 ‫יתהוּ וַ יִּ ְמ�֖ � ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃‬ ֑ ֵ ‫־ﬠם וַ יְ ִמ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֤שׁ ֹר ָﬠ ָל ֙יו ַשׁ ֻלּ֣ם ֶבּן־יָ ֵ֔בשׁ וַ יַּ ֵ ֥כּהוּ ָ ֽק ָב ְל‬ 15:10

‫יָ ֵבשׁ‬

Six times defective

Com.: See Judg 21:14. 15:10

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

‫ָﬠם‬

Seventeen times

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 13:7.

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS 15:11 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֖תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֣רי זְ ַכ ְר ָי֑ה ִה ָנּ֣ם ְכּ‬ 15:11

‫תוּבים‬ ִ ‫ִהנָּ ם ְכּ‬

Five times in the Prophets Com.: See 1 Kgs 14:19.

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS

225

2 KINGS 15:12 ‫י־כן׃ פ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫ל־כּ ֵ ֣סּא יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ַוֽ יְ ִה‬ ִ ‫יﬠים יֵ ְשׁ ֥בוּ ְל�֖ ַﬠ‬ ִ ֔ ‫מר ְבּ ֵנ֣י ְר ִב‬ ֹ ֔ ‫הוּא ֵלא‬ ֙ ֵ‫הוה ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ִדּ ֶבּ֤ר ֶאל־י‬ ָ֗ ְ‫֣הוּא ְד ַבר־י‬ 15:12

‫יﬠים‬ ִ ‫ְר ִב‬

Twice, once plene and once defective

2 Kgs 10:30 (‫;)ר ִב ִﬠים‬ ְ 15:12 (‫יﬠים‬ ִ ‫ְ)ר ִב‬ ——————————

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

‫יﬠים‬ ִ ‫ ְר ִב‬twice, once plene, and once defective

2 Kgs 15:12 (‫יﬠים‬ ִ ‫ְ)ר ִב‬ 2 Kgs 10:30 (‫ְ)ר ִב ִﬠים‬

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫ )רביעם( ]רביעים[ ̇ב חד‬Mm

‫)ושבו( ]ישבו[ לך‬ ‫ישבו לך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene first ‫( י‬here), and one written defective first ‫ י‬at 2 Kgs 10:30.

2 KINGS 15:13 ‫הוּדה וַ יִּ ְמ�֥ � ֶי ַֽ רח־יָ ִ ֖מים ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫�שׁים וָ ֵ֨ת ַשׁ ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ְל ֻﬠזִ יָּ ֖ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ֤ ִ ‫ישׁ ָמ ֔ ַל� ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ְשׁ‬ ֙ ‫ַשׁלּ֤ וּם ֶבּן־יָ ֵב‬ 15:13

‫ַשׁלּוּם‬

Three times plene in the Prophets 2 Kgs 15:13; 15:14; 15:15

‫בנבי‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in the Prophets written defective ‫;)שׁ ֻלּם( ו‬ ַ see 2 Kgs 22:14. 15:13

Four times

‫ְל ֻﬠזִ יָּ ה‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 15:13; 15:30 (‫;)ﬠזִ יָּ ה‬ ֻ 1 Chr 6:9 (‫;)ﬠזִ יָּ ה‬ ֻ 11:44 (‫)ﬠזִ יָּ א‬ ֻ ——————————

226

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ֻﬠזִ יָּ ה‬four times

‫עזיה ̇ד‬

Mm

2 Kgs 15:13 2 Kgs 15:30 1 Chr 6:9 1 Chr 11:44 The last form is written with an ‫א‬

‫שלום בן יביש‬ ‫ויקשר קשר‬ ‫עזיה בנו‬ ‫)עזיה( ]עזיא[ העשתרתי‬ ‫כת ̇א‬ ̇ ‫בתריה‬

And similarly all The Twelve and Ezra

‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫ועזרא‬ ̇ ‫עשר‬ ̇ ‫וכל תרי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) written with the divine element ‫ ְל ֻﬠזִ יָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬/‫) ֻﬠזִ יָּ הוּ‬. The Mm additionally notes that this lemma also occurs in The Twelve (three times) and Ezra (twice).

The Mp heading at 1 Chr 6:9 reads four times and similarly all The Twelve.

The Mp heading at 1 Chr 11:44 reads unique written with an ‫ א‬noting that its form ‫ ֻﬠזִ יָּ א‬only occurs once. 15:13

‫יֶ ַרח־יָ ִמים‬

‫ יֶ ַרח־יָ ִמים‬twice

Deut 21:13 2 Kgs 15:13

‫ירח ימים ̇ב‬

Mm

‫את אביה ואת אמה‬ ‫וימלך ירח ימים בשמרון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ יָ ִמים‬with ‫יֶ ַרח‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with ‫)ח ֶֹדשׁ יָ ִמים( ח ֶֹדשׁ‬.

2 KINGS 15:14 ‫יתהוּ וַ יִּ ְמ�֥ � ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ת־שׁלּ֥ וּם ֶבּן־יָ ֵ ֖בישׁ ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֑רוֹן וַ יְ ִמ‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ֩ל ְמנַ ֵ֨חם ֶבּן־גָּ ִ ֜די ִמ ִתּ ְר ָ֗צה וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙א שׁ ְֹמ ֔רוֹן וַ יַּ ֛ � ֶא‬ 15:14

‫ַשׁלּוּם‬

Three times plene in the Prophets

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 15:13.

Mp

2 KINGS

227

2 KINGS 15:16 ‫יה‬ ָ ‫רוֹת‬ ֖ ֶ ‫יה ִמ ִתּ ְר ָ֔צה ִ ֛כּי ֥ל ֹא ָפ ַ ֖תח וַ יַּ ֑ � ֵ ֛את ָכּל־ ֶה ָ ֥ה‬ ָ֙ ‫בוּל‬ ֶ ֨ ְ‫ר־בּהּ וְ ֶאת־גּ‬ ֤ ָ ‫ל־א ֶשׁ‬ ֲ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ת־תּ ְפ ַ֨סח וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫ה־מנַ ֵחם ֶא‬ ְ ֠ ‫ָ ֣אז יַ ֶ ֽכּ‬ ‫ִבּ ֵ ֽקּ ַ�׃ פ‬ 15:16

‫יה‬ ָ ‫בוּל‬ ֶ ְ‫גּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 5:6. 15:16

Mp

‫יה‬ ָ ‫רוֹת‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ֶה ָ ֥ה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that contain both the accents mêrəḵâ and ṭiṕḥâ; see the Mm at Lev 23:21 sub ‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫מוֹשׁב ֵֹת‬. ְ

2 KINGS 15:17 ‫הוּדה ֠ ָמ ַל� ְמנַ ֵ֨חם ֶבּן־גָּ ִ ֧די ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ֶ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂר ָשׁ ִנ֖ים ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫�שׁים וָ ֵ֨ת ַשׁ ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ַל ֲﬠזַ ְר ָי֖ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ ֤ ִ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ְשׁ‬ 15:17

‫�שׁים‬ ֤ ִ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ְשׁ‬

Unique with these accents (ʾazlâ and mahpaḵ) in this section

̇‫בטע בעינ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes that this phrase with these accents (ʾazlâ and mahpaḵ) occurs only once in this section concerning Menahem.

The same phrase and accents occurs in adjacent sections: in 2 Kgs 15:8 concerning Zechariah, and in 2 Kgs 15:13 concerning Shallum.

2 KINGS 15:18 ‫ר־ה ֱח ִ ֥טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָכּל־יָ ָ ֽמיו׃‬ ֶ ‫הו֑ה ֣ל ֹא ֠ ָסר ֵמ ֨ ַﬠל ַח ֜טּ ֹאות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֧ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָ ֛בט ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ 15:18

‫ֵמ ַﬠל ַחטֹּאות‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 10:31.

228

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 15:20

‫בּוֹרי ַה ַ֔חיִ ל ָל ֵת ֙ת ְל ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר ֲח ִמ ִ ֧שּׁים ְשׁ ָק ִ ֛לים ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ְל ִ ֣אישׁ‬ ֣ ֵ ִ‫ת־ה ֶ֜כּ ֶסף ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ַ ֚ﬠל ָכּל־גּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יּ ֵֹצ ֩א ְמנַ ֵ֨חם ֶא‬ ‫א־ﬠ ַמד ָ ֖שׁם ָבּ ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫ֶא ָ ֑חד וַ ָ֨יּ ָשׁ ֙ב ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר וְ ל‬ 15:20

‫וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬

Thirteen times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 10:22. 15:20

‫בּוֹרי ַה ַחיִ ל‬ ֵ ִ‫גּ‬

Five times

‫֗ה‬

Com.: See Josh 1:14. 15:20

‫א־ﬠ ַמד‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Mp

Mp

Gen 45:1; Josh 21:44; 2 Kgs 15:20 —————————— ‫א־ﬠ ַמד‬ ָ ֹ ‫ וְ ל‬three times Gen 45:1 2 Kgs 15:20 Josh 21:44

‫ולא עמד ̇ג‬

Mm

‫יוסף‬ ‫מנחם‬ [‫)אביהם( ]איביהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences of this lemma without a cj.

2 KINGS 15:21 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫לוֹא־הם ְכּ‬ ֵ֣ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ְמנַ ֵ ֖חם וְ ָכ‬ 15:21

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS

229

2 KINGS 15:23 ‫ן־מנַ ֵ ֧חם ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ְבּשׁ ְֹמ ֖רוֹן ְשׁנָ ָ ֽתיִ ם׃‬ ְ ‫הוּדה ֠ ָמ ַל� ְפּ ַ ֽ ק ְח ָ֨יה ֶב‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ֙ת ֲח ִמ ִ ֣שּׁים ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ַל ֲﬠזַ ְר ָי֖ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� י‬ 15:23

‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת ֲח ִמ ִשּׁים ָשׁנָ ה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 15:25 ‫ת־ה ַא ְר ֵ֔יה וְ ִﬠ ֛מּוֹ‬ ָ ‫ת־א ְר ֹ֣גּב וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ית־◌ ֶ֙מּ ֶל ֙� ֶא‬ ַ ‫ישׁוֹ וַ יַּ ֵ֨כּהוּ ְבשׁ ְֹמ ֜רוֹן ְבּ ַא ְר ֤מוֹן ֵבּ‬ ֗ ‫ן־ר ַמ ְל ָ֜יהוּ ָשׁ ִל‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֣שׁ ֹר ָﬠ ָליו֩ ֨ ֶפּ ַקח ֶבּ‬ ‫יתהוּ וַ יִּ ְמ�֥ � ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ֲח ִמ ִ ֥שּׁים ִ ֖אישׁ ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י גִ ְל ָﬠ ִ ֑דים וַ יְ ִמ‬ 15:25

‫ָשׁ ִלישׁוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

15:25

�‫ַ◌ ֶמּ ֶל‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 9:25. Read �‫ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫המלך‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)מלך‬, and the qərê (�‫)ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ represent examples of the omission of a definite article; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 147.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ה‬is not written at the beginning of a word; see the Mm at 2 Sam 23:9 sub ‫◌גִּ בּ ִֹרים‬, ַ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §165, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §90. 15:25

Unique

‫גִ ְל ָﬠ ִדים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 15:26 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ִה ָנּ֣ם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ְפ ַק ְח ָי֖ה וְ ָכ‬ 15:26

‫תוּבים‬ ִ ‫ִהנָּ ם ְכּ‬

Five times in the Prophets Com.: See 1 Kgs 14:19.

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

230

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 15:28 ‫אות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֣ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָ֔בט ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֖טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֙ ֹ ‫ן־חטּ‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה ֣ל ֹא ָ֗סר ִמ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬

15:28 Unique

‫ן־חטֹּאות‬ ַ ‫ִמ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words preceded only once by the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬, whereas normally it is attached by the inseparable prep. ‫ ;מ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §196, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §151.

2 KINGS 15:29 �‫נוֹ‬ ַ ‫ית־מ ֲﬠ ָ֡כה וְ ֶאת־ ָ֠י‬ ַ ‫ת־א ֵב֣ל ֵ ֽבּ‬ ָ ‫ת־ﬠיּ֡ וֹן וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫ימי ֶפּ ַ֣קח ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ָבּ ֮א ִתּגְ ַל֣ת ִפּ ְל ֶא ֶס ֮ר ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַאשּׁוּר֒ וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ֶא‬ ֵ֞ ‫ִבּ‬ ‫ת־הגָּ ֔ ִל ָילה ֖כֹּל ֶ ֣א ֶרץ נַ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֑לי וַ יַּ גְ ֵל֖ם ַא ֽשּׁ ָוּרה׃‬ ַ ‫ת־הגִּ ְל ָﬠ ֙ד וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ח ֤צוֹר וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־ק ֶדשׁ וְ ֶא‬ ֨ ֶ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 15:29

‫ֶאת‬

Seven verses that have the sequence וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫ֶאת‬ 1–5 6–7

Gen 36:6; Lev 8:2; 8:25; Judg 1:31; 1 Kgs 9:15 2 Kgs 15:29; 2 Chr 28:18

——————————

Seven verses that have the sequence וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫ֶאת‬ 1–5

6–7

‫פסוק אית בהון‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬ Mp ואת‬

Gen 36:6 Lev 8:2 Lev 8:25 1 Kgs 9:15 Judg 1:31 2 Kgs 15:29 2 Chr 28:18

‫ז̇ פסוקין אית בהון‬ Mm ואת‬

‫ויקח עשו את נשיו‬ ‫קח את אהרן ואת בניו‬ ‫ויקח את החלב ואת האליה‬ ‫וזה דבר המס‬ ‫אשר לא הוריש‬ ‫בימי פקח מלך‬ ‫ופלשתים פשטו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven verses that have the sequence of ‫ ֶאת‬followed by six occurrences of ‫וְ ֶאת( וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫וְ ֶאת‬...‫ ;) ֶאת‬see Jobin, Concordance, 94.

Both the Mp and Mm here have omitted the sixth ‫ וְ ֶאת‬from its sequence, but all six are found in the headings of the Mp notes at Lev 8:25 and 2 Chr 28:18.

2 KINGS

231

The Mp at 2 Chr 28:18 list only six verses, which might have been thought to be the result of a graphic confusion of ‫ ו‬six and ‫ ז‬seven, except that its Mm also has the heading of six, and it lists only six references, omitting Judg 1:31. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 15:29

Unique 15:29

Unique

�‫נוֹ‬ ַ ָ‫וְ ֶאת־י‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫ת־ק ֶדשׁ‬ ֶ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its five occurrences without a cj. 15:29

Unique

‫ילה‬ ָ ‫ת־הגָּ ִל‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

15:29

‫וַ יַּ גְ ֵלם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

1–2 2 Kgs 15:29; 1 Chr 5:26

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there is another occurrence of this lemma at 1 Chr 5:26.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma (hiphil of ‫ גָּ ָלה‬with sfx., he exiled them), to distinguish it from its sole occurrence pointed as ‫( וַ יִּ גְ �ם‬qal of ‫גָּ ַלם‬, he wrapped) at 2 Kgs 2:8. MC has no note, and MA is not extant here. 15:29

Six times 1–5 6

‫אַשּׁוּרה‬ ָ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 25:18; 2 Kgs 15:29; 17:6; 17:23; 18:11 Isa 19:23

——————————

232

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫אַשּׁוּרה‬ ָ six times

1–5

6

̇‫אשורה ו‬

Gen 25:18 2 Kgs 17:6 2 Kgs 15:29 2 Kgs 18:11 2 Kgs 17:23

Mm

‫וישכנו מחוילה‬ ‫התשיעית להושע‬ ‫בימי פקח מלך‬ ‫ויגל מלך אשור‬ ‫עד אשר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) without this adverbial ending. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 213r, but the Mm note appears on the top left of the preceding folio 212v.

2 KINGS 15:30 ‫יוֹתם ֶבּן־‬ ֖ ָ ‫יתהוּ וַ יִּ ְמ�֖ � ַתּ ְח ָ ֑תּיו ִבּ ְשׁ ַנ֣ת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֔רים ְל‬ ֵ֔ ‫הוּ וַ יְ ִמ‬ ֙ ‫ן־ר ַמ ְל ָ֔יהוּ וַ יַּ ֵ֨כּ‬ ְ ‫ל־פּ ַק ֙ח ֶבּ‬ ֶ ֨ ‫ן־א ֗ ָלה ַﬠ‬ ֵ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ֶבּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ר־ק ֶשׁר‬ ֜ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָשׁ‬ ‫ֻﬠזִ יָּ ֽה׃‬ 15:30

‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ִמ‬

Eight times plene 1–5 6–8

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

1 Kgs 13:24; 1 Kgs 16:10; 2 Kgs 15:10; 15:14; 15:30 2 Kgs 23:29; 1 Chr 2:3; 10:14

—————————— ‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ וַ יְ ִמ‬eight times plene 1–5

6–9

1 Kgs 13:24 1 Kgs 16:10 2 Kgs 15:14 2 Kgs 15:10 2 Kgs 15:25 2 Kgs 15:30 1 Chr 2:3 2 Kgs 23:29 1 Chr 10:14

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫וימיתהו ̇ח‬

Mm

‫וימצאהו‬ ‫ויבא זמרי‬ ‫ויעל מנחם‬ ‫קבל עם‬ ‫גלעדים‬ [‫ויקשר קשר )הוש̇( ]הושע‬ ‫ויהי‬ ‫במגדו‬ ‫ולא דרש ביהוה וימיתהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from occurrences written defective ‫ י‬as ‫וַ יְ ִמ ֵתהוּ‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יְ ִמ ֵתהוּ‬, has two more occurrences of this lemma since it writes the form plene (‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ )וַ יְ ִמ‬at 1 Sam 17:50 and 2 Sam 21:17; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 75 and 97.

2 KINGS

233

It will be noticed that, despite its heading of eight, the Mm list here includes a ninth listing, that of 2 Kgs 15:25 which is, however, defective in M; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 128.

However, all the Mp headings highlighted above, and the Mm heading read eight times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. 15:30

Unique 15:30

Four times

‫יוֹתם‬ ָ ‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִרים ְל‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ֻﬠזִ יָּ ה‬

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 15:13.

2 KINGS 15:33 ‫ת־צ ֽדוֹק׃‬ ָ ‫רוּשׁא ַבּ‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ י‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫שׁ־ﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֣רה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֶ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ָח ֵ ֤משׁ ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָה ָי֣ה ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ֵשׁ‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ 15:33 Seven times

‫ָהיָ ה ְב ָמ ְלכוֹ‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 8:17. 15:33

‫רוּשׁא‬ ָ ְ‫י‬

Twice, once written ‫ ָשׁא‬and once written ‫ָשׁה‬ ——————————

‫כת שה‬ ̇ ‫כת שא וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

2 Kgs 15:33; 2 Chr 27:1 (‫רוּשׁה‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬ ‫רוּשׁא‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬twice, once written ‫ ָשׁא‬and once written ‫ָשׁה‬

2 Kgs 15:33 And its companion in Chronicles is written ‫רוּשׁה‬ ָ ְ‫( י‬2 Chr 27:1)

‫כת שה‬ ̇ ‫ירושא ̇ב חד כתב שא וחד‬ ‫צדוק‬ ‫כת ירושה‬ ̇ ‫וחבירו דדברי הימים‬

Mp

Mm

234

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the two forms of this lemma appearing in the parallel passages of 2 Kgs 15:33 and 2 Chr 27:1. Here the lemma is written with an ‫רוּשׁא( א‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬, but in Chronicles it is written with a ‫רוּשׁה( ה‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬.

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists of words. One is in a list of doublets commencing with ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §66. The other is in a list of words occurring once with at the end with an ‫ א‬and once with a ‫ ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §95, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §78.

2 KINGS 15:36 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲהל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יוֹתם ֲא‬ ֖ ָ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי‬ 15:36

‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר‬

Thirteen times with the accent (təḇîr) Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:31.

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS 15:37 ‫ן־ר ַמ ְל ָיֽהוּ׃‬ ְ ‫יהוּדה ְר ִ ֖צין ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֑רם וְ ֵ ֖את ֶ ֥פּ ַקח ֶבּ‬ ֔ ָ ‫י� ִ ֽבּ‬ ֙ ַ ‫הוה ְל ַה ְשׁ ֨ ִל‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ַבּיָּ ִ ֣מים ָה ֵ֔הם ֵה ֵ ֣חל י‬ 15:37 Unique 15:37

�‫ְל ַה ְשׁ ִל ַי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וְ ֵ ֖את‬

‫ וְ ֵ ֖את‬seven times with the accent (ṭiṕḥâ) where one is liable to err 1–5

6–7

Num 32:28 Isa 36:22 2 Kgs 15:37 Ezek 3:2 Zech 8:9 Neh 5:6

‫מטע‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ̇‫ואת ז‬

Mm

‫יהושע בן‬ ‫רבשקה‬ ‫ואת פקח‬ ‫המגלה‬ ‫תחזקנה‬ [‫)מזעקתם הדברים( ]את זעקתם ואת הדברים‬

2 KINGS

235

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of ‫ וְ ֵ ֖את‬with a ṭiṕḥâ accent, and observes that in these occurrences one is liable to err if one were to write ‫ וְ ֶאת‬in these cases with a maqqeṕ (‫ )וְ ֶאת־‬instead of a ṭiṕḥâ; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫א‬, §1289, and Kelley et al., The Masorah, 135–36.

The heading of the Mm to Isa 36:22 reads seven unusual cases (‫מיחד‬ ̇ = ‫ )מיחדים‬with this accent (ṭiṕḥâ). 15:37

Unique

‫וְ ֵאת ֶפּ ַקח‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 15:38 ‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו ְבּ ִ ֖ﬠיר ָדִּו֣ד ָא ִ ֑ביו וַ יִּ ְמ�֛ � ָא ָ ֥חז ְבּנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ֲ ‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵב ֙ר ִﬠ‬ ֲ ‫יוֹת ֙ם ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤כּב‬ 15:38

‫ְבּ ִﬠיר ָדּוִ ד ָא ִביו‬

Four times in the book

Com.: See 1 Kgs 11:27.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 KINGS 16:2 ‫�היו ְכּ ָדִ ֥וד‬ ֖ ָ ‫הו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫א־ﬠ ָ ֣שׂה ַהיָּ ָ֗שׁר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֛י י‬ ָ ֹ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ל‬ ָ ‫שׁ־ﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֣רה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֶ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֤רים ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָא ָ ֣חז ְבּ ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ֵשׁ‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ ‫ָא ִ ֽביו׃‬ 16:2 Five times 1–5

‫א־ﬠ ָשׂה‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Sam 19:25a; 19:25b; 2 Kgs 16:2; Jonah 3:10; 2 Chr 28:1

—————————— ‫א־ﬠ ָשׂה‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ 1–5

‫ולא עשה‬

Mm1

2 Sam 19:25a Twice in the verse (2 Sam 19:25b) 2 Kgs 16:2 And its companion (2 Chr 28:1) Jonah 3:10

——————————

‫ומפבשת בן‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫בן עשרים שנה אחז‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫וירא האלהים‬

236

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫א־ﬠ ָשׂה‬ ָ ֹ ‫ וְ ל‬five times, and their references

1–5

‫ולא עשה ̇ה וסימנהון‬

2 Sam 19:25a ‫ ַהיָּ ָשׁר‬of Kings (2 Kgs 16:2) Jonah 3:10 2 Sam 19:25b ‫ ַהיָּ ָשׁר‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 28:1)

Mm2

‫ומפבשת בן שאול‬ ‫הישר דמלכים‬ ‫וינחם האלהים על‬ ‫שפמו‬ ‫דדבר ימים‬ ̇ ‫הישר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its seven occurrences without a cj. The additions of Kings and of Chronicles to the catchword ‫ ַהיָּ ָשׁר‬of the 2 Kgs 16:2 and 2 Chr 28:1 are simply to distinguish one from the other.

In the second Mm, a catchword is given for the second occurrence of this lemma in 2 Sam 19:25. Normally in these instances a notation “twice in the verse” is given, as is indeed the case in the first Mm.

This Mm occurs twice on fol. 213r, once at the top right without a number heading, and once at the bottom left with a number heading.

2 KINGS 16:3 ‫הוֹרישׁ יְ הוָ ֙ה א ָֹ֔תם ִמ ְפּ ֵ ֖ני ְבּ ֵנ֥י‬ ֤ ִ ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶ֨שׁר‬ ִ֔ ‫בוֹת ַה‬ ֙ ‫ת ֲﬠ‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ת־בּ ֙נוֹ ֶה ֱﬠ ִ ֣ביר ָבּ ֵ֔אשׁ ְכּ‬ ְ ‫וַ ֵ֕יּ ֶל� ְבּ ֶ ֖ד ֶר� ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וְ ַג֤ם ֶא‬ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 16:3

�‫וַ ֵ֕יּ ֶל‬

Four times with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl) 1 Kgs 13:24; 15:3; 2 Kgs 16:3; 21:21

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

——————————

�‫ וַ ֵ֕יּ ֶל‬four times with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl), and their references 1 Kgs 13:24 1 Kgs 15:3 2 Kgs 16:3 2 Kgs 21:21

‫וימצאהו‬ ‫בכל חטאות‬ ‫בדרך‬ [‫)הגלולים( ]הגללים‬

‫בטע וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫וילך ̇ד‬

Mm

2 KINGS

237

Com.: Both the Mp and Mm headings of four times etc. are inexact since there are three additional occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read four times etc. in the book.

The Masorah notes these four occurrences of �‫ וַ ֵ֕יּ ֶל‬in the book with the accent zaqeṕ gaḏôl, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (62x) in the book with other accents. MC has no note, and MA is not extant here. 16:3

‫ְכּת ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬

Nine times defective 1–5 6–9

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:3; 21:11 (‫;)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬ ַ Jer 44:4 (‫)התּ ֵֹﬠ ָבה‬ ַ Ezra 9:1 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫;*)כּת ֵֹﬠב ֵֹת‬ ְ 9:14 (‫)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬ ַ 2 Chr 28:3; 34:33 (‫;*)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬ ַ 36:8 (‫ ;)וְ ת ֲֹﬠב ָֹתיו‬36:14 (‫)תּ ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) in various forms written plene first ‫;)תּוֹﬠבוֹת( ו‬ ֵ see also the Mm at 2 Chr 33:2 sub ‫תוֹﬠבוֹת‬ ֲ ‫כּ‬.ְ

ML, contrary to M (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ְכּת ֵֹﬠב ֵֹת‬and ‫)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬, ַ has only seven occurrences of this lemma since it writes the forms at Ezra 9:1 and 2 Chr 34:33 plene first ‫יהם( ו‬ ֶ ‫תוֹﬠב ֵֹת‬ ֵ ‫ ְכּ‬and ‫תּוֹﬠבוֹת‬ ֵ ‫;)ה‬ ַ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 347 and 387. However, the Mp headings here and at Jer 44:4 and 2 Chr 36:8 read nine times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. Notes on the Mp headings highlighted above. 2 Kgs 16:3; Jer 44:4

2 Kgs 21:11 (‫)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬ ַ

Ezra 9:14 (‫)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬ ַ 2 Chr 28:3 (‫)כּת ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬ ְ 2 Chr 36:8

2 Chr 36:14 (‫)תּ ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬

Nine times defective. Includes all the references.

Three times written like this. Refers to the three writings of this form here, and at Ezra 9:14 and 2 Chr 34:33.

Four times written like this. Refers to forms with the def. article (the three occurrences of ‫ ַהתּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬and ‫ ַהתּ ֵֹﬠ ָבה‬of Jer 44:4); see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 191. Unique written like this. Inexact since there are two occurrences of this form, but only one in Chronicles. More precisely the heading should have read unique written like this in the book.

Nine times defective in this and other forms. Includes all the references.

Three times written like this. Refers to the three writings of this lemma ending in ‫ וֹת‬with ‫( ֲﬠ‬not ‫)ﬠ‬ ֵ at 2 Kgs 16:3 (‫)כּת ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬, ְ 2 Chr 28:3 (‫)כּת ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬, ְ and 2 Chr 36:14 (‫)תּ ֲֹﬠבוֹת‬.

238

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 16:5

‫ל־א ָ֔חז וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ְכל֖ וּ‬ ָ ‫רוּ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה וַ יָּ ֻ֨צ‬ ָ ְ‫ן־ר ַמ ְל ָי֧הוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל י‬ ְ ‫וּפ ַקח ֶבּ‬ ֶ ֨ ‫�־א ָרם‬ ֲ ֠ ‫ָ ֣אז יַ ֲﬠ ֶל֣ה ְר ִ ֣צין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֽחם׃‬ 16:5 Unique

‫ל־א ָחז‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish it from its occurrence with ‫ל־א ָחז( ֶאל‬ ָ ‫)א‬ ֶ at Isa 7:10.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring once with a preceding ‫( ֶאל‬Isa 7:10), and once with a preceding ‫( ַﬠל‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §2, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §2.

2 KINGS 16:6 ‫ים ָבּ֣אוּ ֵא ֔ ַילת‬ ֙ ‫הוּדים ֵ ֽמ ֵאיל֑ וֹת ַו ֲֽאר ִֹמ‬ ֖ ִ ְ‫ת־הי‬ ַ ‫ת־א ַיל ֙ת ַ ֽל ֲא ָ ֔רם וַ יְ נַ ֵ ֥שּׁל ֶא‬ ֵ ‫�־א ָ ֤רם ֶא‬ ֲ ‫ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֗היא ֠ ֵה ִשׁיב ְר ִ֨צין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫וַ יֵּ ְ֣שׁבוּ ָ֔שׁם ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ 16:6 Unique 16:6

‫וַ יְ נַ ֵשּׁל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ ֲאר ִֹמים‬

Read ‫דוּמים‬ ִ ‫וַ ֲא‬

‫ואדומים ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫וארמים‬, and Arameans), and the qərê (‫דוּמים‬ ִ ‫וַ ֲא‬, and Edomites) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where the kəṯîḇ is generally regarded as preferable; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 148–49. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of four words that are written with a ‫ ר‬but read with a ‫ ;ד‬see the Mm at Prov 19:19 sub ‫גְּ ָרל‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §122, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §147.

2 KINGS

239

2 KINGS 16:7 ‫�־א ָ ֗רם‬ ֲ ‫הוֹשׁ ֜ ֵﬠנִ י ִמ ַכּ֣ף ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ִ ְ‫וּבנְ �֖ ָ ֑אנִ י ֲﬠ ֨ ֵלה ו‬ ִ ֥�‫מר ַﬠ ְב ְדּ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫שּׁוּר ֵלא‬ ֙ ‫�־א‬ ַ ‫ל־תּגְ ַלת ְפּ ֶל ֶ֤סר ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ִ ֠ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֨ ַלח ָא ָ֜חז ַמ ְל ָא ִ֗כים ֶא‬ ‫קּוֹמים ָﬠ ָ ֽלי׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּמ ַכּ ֙ף ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַה‬ ִ 16:7

‫ְפּ ֶל ֶסר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without an ‫א‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with an ‫)פּ ְל ֶא ֶסר( א‬ ִ at 2 Kgs 15:29 and 16:10. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where an ‫א‬, normally in the word, is omitted; see the Mm to 1 Chr 12:39 sub ‫שׁ ִרית‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §199, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §153. 16:7

‫הוֹשׁ ֵﬠנִ י‬ ִ ְ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:7; Ps 71:2 (‫יﬠנִ י‬ ֵ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫)ו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) without a cj. (‫יﬠנִ י‬ ֵ ‫)הוֹשׁ‬. ִ 16:7

‫קּוֹמים‬ ִ ‫ַה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 16:9 ‫ת־ר ִ ֖צין ֵה ִ ֽמית׃‬ ְ ‫ל־דּ ֶ֨מּ ֶשׂ ֙ק ַוֽ יִּ ְת ְפּ ֶ֔שׂ ָה וַ יַּ גְ ֶל ָ֖ה ִ ֑ק ָירה וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤מע ֵא ָל ֙יו ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר וַ יַּ ַﬠ ֩ל ֶ֨מ ֶל� ַא ֤שּׁוּר ֶא‬ 16:9 Unique 16:9

Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְת ְפּ ֶשׂ ָה‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יַּ גְ ֶל ָה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

240

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

16:9

‫ִק ָירה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:9; Amos 1:5 16:9

Unique

‫ת־ר ִצין‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a ‫ ו‬cj. at Isa 8:6.

2 KINGS 16:10 ‫שׁר ְבּ ַד ָ ֑מּ ֶשׂק וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל ֩ח‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ִמּזְ ֵ ֖בּ ַ� ֲא‬ ַ ‫דּוּמּ ֶשׂק וַ יַּ ְ֥ רא ֶא‬ ֶ֔ ‫שּׁוּר‬ ֙ ‫�־א‬ ַ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� ַה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ָא ָ֡חז ֠ ִל ְק ַראת ִתּגְ ֨ ַלת ִפּ ְל ֶ ֤א ֶסר ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫ל־מ ֲﬠ ֵ ֽשׂהוּ׃‬ ַ ‫יתוֹ ְל ָ ֽכ‬ ֖ ִ‫ת־תּ ְבנ‬ ַ ‫ת־דּ ֧מוּת ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ֛� וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ל־אוּריָּ ֣ה ַהכּ ֵֹ֗הן ֶא‬ ִ ‫ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל� ָא ָ֜חז ֶא‬ 16:10

‫דּוּמּ ֶשׂק‬ ֶ

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once in which their first and last letters are in reverse alphabetical order (‫ ;)אתבשׁ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §38, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §39. 16:10

Unique

‫ל־מ ֲﬠ ֵשׂהוּ‬ ַ ‫ְל ָכ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 16:11 ‫ד־בּוֹא‬ ֥ ‫אוּריָּ ֣ה ַהכּ ֵֹ֔הן ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫ר־שׁ ַל ֩ח ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל� ָא ָ֜חז ִמ ַדּ ֶ֗מּ ֶשׂק ֵכּ֤ן ָﬠ ָשׂ ֙ה‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ֑� ְכּ ֣כֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫אוּריָּ ֥ה ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֖הן ֶא‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ֶ֛בן‬ ‫�־א ָ ֖חז ִמ ַדּ ָ ֽמּ ֶשׂק׃‬ ָ ‫ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל‬ 16:11 Unique

‫ר־שׁ ַלח‬ ָ ‫ְכּכֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

241

2 KINGS 16:12 ‫ל־ה ִמּזְ ֵ ֖בּ ַ� וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠל ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ֑� וַ יִּ ְק ַ ֥רב ַה ֶ ֛מּ ֶל� ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֤ב ֹא ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ִמ ַדּ ֶ֔מּ ֶשׂק וַ יַּ ְ֥ רא ַה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֶא‬ 16:12

‫וַ יִּ ְק ַרב‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 17:48.

2 KINGS 16:13 ‫ל־ה ִמּזְ ֵ ֽבּ ַ�׃‬ ַ ‫ם־ה ְשּׁ ָל ִ ֥מים ֲא ֶשׁר־ל֖ וֹ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ת־דּ‬ ֽ ַ ‫ת־מנְ ָח ֔תוֹ וַ יַּ ֵ ֖סּ� ֶאת־נִ ְס ֑כּוֹ וַ יִּ זְ ֛ר ֹק ֶא‬ ִ ‫תוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ יַּ ְק ֵ ֤טר ֶאת־ ֽﬠֹ ָל‬ 16:13

�‫וַ יַּ ֵסּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 23:16.

2 KINGS 16:14 ‫הו֑ה וַ יִּ ֵ ֥תּן א ֹ֛תוֹ ַﬠל־‬ ָ ְ‫וּמ ֵ ֖בּין ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ִ �ַ ‫ה וַ יַּ ְק ֵ ֗רב ֵמ ֵא ֙ת ְפּ ֵנ֣י ַה ַ֔בּיִ ת ִמ ֵבּ ֙ין ַה ִמּזְ ֵ֔בּ‬ ֒ ָ‫שׁר ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י יְ הו‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֵ֨את ַה ִמּזְ ַבּ֣ח ַהנְּ ח ֶֹשׁ ֮ת ֲא‬ ‫ֶי ֶ֥ ר� ַה ִמּזְ ֵ ֖בּ ַ� ָצ ֽפוֹנָ ה׃‬ 16:14

‫ַה ִמּזְ ַבּח‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:14; 23:17

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets starting with ‫ ַ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65.

In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the more common form �ַ ‫( ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ‬100+) that occurs later in the verse. 16:14

Five times 1–5

‫ֵמ ֵאת ְפּנֵ י‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 27:30; Exod 10:11; Lev 10:4; 2 Kgs 16:14; Job 2:7

242

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of ‫ ְפּנֵ י‬with ‫מ ֵאת‬, ֵ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ֵמ ִﬠם ְפּנֵ י( ֵמ ִﬠם‬at Gen 44:29 and Job 1:12. This distinction is implied in the Mm note at Lev 10:4 in the additional notation to the Job 2:7 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in Job 1:12, where the lemma occurs as ‫ ֵמ ִﬠם ְפּנֵ י‬. 16:14

Unique

‫וּמ ֵבּין ֵבּית יְ הוָ ה‬ ִ Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 16:15 ‫ת־מנְ ַ֨חת ָה ֜ ֶﬠ ֶרב‬ ִ ‫ת־הבּ ֶֹקר֩ וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫מר ַﬠ֣ל ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ֣� ַהגָּ ֡דוֹל ַה ְק ֵ ֣טר ֶאת־ ֽﬠֹ ַל‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ת־אוּר ָ֨יּה ַהכּ ֵֹ֜הן ֵלא‬ ִ ‫�־א ָחז ֶא‬ ָ ֠ ‫וַ יְ ַצֶוּ֣הו ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל‬ ‫ם־ז ַ֖בח ָﬠ ָל֣יו‬ ֶ ‫ל־דּ‬ ַ ‫ל־דּם ע ָֹל֛ה וְ ָכ‬ ֥ ַ ‫יהם וְ ָכ‬ ֶ֔ ‫וּמנְ ָח ָ ֣תם וְ נִ ְס ֵכּ‬ ִ ‫ל־ﬠם ָה ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ‬ ֤ ַ ‫ת־מנְ ָח ֗תוֹ ְו ֵ֠את ע ֞ ַֹלת ָכּ‬ ִ ‫ְ ֽו ֶאת־ע ַֹל֧ת ַה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� וְ ֶא‬ ‫ה־לּי ְל ַב ֵ ֽקּר׃‬ ֖ ִ ֶ‫וּמזְ ַ ֧בּח ַהנְּ ֛חֹ ֶשׁת יִ ְֽהי‬ ִ ‫ִתּזְ ֑ר ֹק‬ 16:15

Read ‫וַ יְ ַצוֶּ ה‬

‫וַ יְ ַצוֶּ הו‬ ‫ויצוה ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ויצוהו‬, he commanded him), and the qərê (‫וַ יְ ַצוֶּ ה‬, he commanded) represent variants of equal value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬is written but not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §120, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §106. 16:15

Unique 16:15

Four times

‫ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ� ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫ל־דּם‬ ַ ‫וְ ָכ‬1 ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Lev 3:17; 7:26; 2 Kgs 16:15a; 16:15b ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ל־דּם‬ ַ ‫ וְ ָכ‬four times

‫וכל דם ̇ד‬

Lev 3:17 Lev 7:26 2 Kgs 16:15a Twice in the verse (2 Kgs 16:15b)

243

Mm ‫חקת עולם לדרתיכם‬ ‫וכל דם לא תאכלו‬ ‫ויצוה המלך אחז את אוריה‬ ̇‫שנים בפסו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj. 16:15

‫ל־דּם‬ ַ ‫וְ ָכ‬2

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above. 16:15

‫וּמזְ ַבּח ַהנְּ ח ֶֹשׁת‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:15; 2 Chr 1:5

—————————— ‫וּמזְ ַבּח ַהנְּ ח ֶֹשׁת‬ ִ twice

2 Kgs 16:15 2 Chr 1:5

‫ומזבח הנחשת ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ומזבח הנחשת יהיה לי לבקר‬ ‫ומזבח הנחשת אשר עשה בצלאל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) without a cj. 16:15

‫ְל ַב ֵקּר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 16:15; Prov 20:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a cj. (‫)וּל ַב ֵקּר‬ ְ at Ps 27:4.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring three times, twice without a ‫ ו‬cj. and once with it (Ps 27:4); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §13, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §14.

244

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 16:17

‫הוֹרד ֵמ ַ ֛ﬠל ַה ָבּ ָ ֥ קר ַהנְּ ֖חֹ ֶשׁת‬ ֔ ִ ‫ת־היָּ ֣ם‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ִכּ ֔יּ ֹר וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וא‬ ֶ ‫יה ֙ם‬ ֶ ‫ת־ה ִמּ ְסגְּ ֣רוֹת ַה ְמּכֹנ֗ וֹת וַ יָּ ַ֤סר ֵ ֽמ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ַק ֵצּץ֩ ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל� ָא ָ֜חז ֶא‬ ‫יה וַ יִּ ֵ ֣תּן א ֹ֔תוֹ ַ ֖ﬠל ַמ ְר ֶ ֥צ ֶפת ֲא ָב ִ ֽנים׃‬ ָ ‫שׁר ַתּ ְח ֶ ֑תּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ֲא‬ 16:17

‫ַה ִמּ ְסגְּ רוֹת‬

Five times plene 1–5

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

2 Sam 22:46 (‫רוֹתם‬ ָ ְ‫;)מ ִמּ ְסגּ‬ ִ 1 Kgs 7:29; 7:32 (‫)ל ִמּ ְסגְּ רוֹת‬ ַ 2 Kgs 16:17; Ps 18:46 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫רוֹת‬ ֵ ְ‫)מ ִמּ ְסגּ‬ ִ

—————————— ‫ ַה ִמּ ְסגְּ רוֹת‬five times plene

1–5

1 Kgs 7:29 1 Kgs 7:32 2 Kgs 16:17 2 Sam 22:46 Ps 18:46

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫המסגרות ̇ה‬

Mm

‫ועל המסגרות אשר‬ ‫וארבעת האופנים למתחת‬ ‫ויקצץ המלך אחז‬ ‫)ויחרגו( ]ויחגרו[ ממסגרותם‬ ‫ויחרגו ממסגרותיהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in various forms written defective ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫)מ ְסגְּ ר ֹת‬. ִ The Mp at 2 Sam 22:46 reads unique for its particular form (‫רוֹתם‬ ָ ְ‫)מ ִמּ ְסגּ‬. ִ 16:17

‫ַה ְמּכֹנוֹת‬

Unique written like this 16:17

Read ‫ֶאת‬

‫ואת‬ ֶ ‫את ̇ק‬

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )ואת‬and the qərê (‫)את‬ ֶ represent variant forms where the qərê is preferable to the kəṯîḇ; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 152.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬is written at the beginning of a word but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §118, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §104.

2 KINGS 16:17

‫ַה ִכּיֹּר‬

Twice defective in the Prophets Com.: See 1 Kgs 7:30.

̇‫חס בנבי‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

245

Mp

2 KINGS 16:18 ‫הו֑ה ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֖י ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ַא ֽשּׁוּר׃‬ ָ ְ‫ת־מ ֤בוֹא ַה ֶ֨מּ ֶל ֙� ַ ֽה ִח ֔יצוֹנָ ה ֵה ֵ ֖סב ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ְ ‫ר־בּנ֣ וּ ַב ַ֗בּיִ ת וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־מיּס� ַה ַשּׁ ָ֜בּת ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ֨ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 16:18

Read �‫מוּס‬ ַ

�‫מיּס‬ ַ ‫מוסך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )מיסך‬and the qərê (�‫)מוּס‬ ַ represent examples of interchanges between original initial ‫ ו‬and initial ‫ י‬verbs; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 130. 16:18

‫ַה ִח ֔יצוֹנָ ה‬

Unique accented (milʿêl)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma accented milʿêl, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (13x) accented milraʿ.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that normally occur with an ultimate accent, but does occur once (as ‫ ַה ִח ֔יצוֹנָ ה‬here) with a penultimate one; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §372.

2 KINGS 16:19 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲהל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ָא ָ ֖חז ֲא‬ 16:19 Six times 1–5 6

‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬...‫וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

1 Kgs 16:27; 2 Kgs 1:18; 14:15; 15:36; 16:19 2 Kgs 21:25

246

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences where ‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬is followed by a king’s name and then by ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) where ‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬is followed by a king’s name and then by ‫וְ ָכל ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה( וְ ָכל ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬...‫;)וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬ see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on the words ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי‬, which phrase occurs over forty times. However, the Mm to 1 Kgs 16:27 and the Mp to 2 Kgs 21:25 indicate that the note refers to the larger phrase ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬...‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬that occurs with the six kings Omri, Ahaziah, Jehoash, Jotham, Ahaz, and Amon.

2 KINGS 17:3 ‫הוֹשׁ ַ ֙� ֔ ֶﬠ ֶבד וַ יָּ ֶ֥שׁב ל֖ וֹ ִמנְ ָ ֽחה׃‬ ֵ֨ ‫ָﬠ ָל֣יו ָﬠ ֔ ָלה ַשׁ ְל ַמנְ ֶ ֖א ֶסר ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֑שּׁוּר ַוֽ יְ ִהי־ל֤ וֹ‬ 17:3

‫וַ יָּ ֶשׁב‬

Twenty-five times

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 17:3.

Mp

2 KINGS 17:4 �‫א־ה ֱﬠ ָ ֥לה ִמנְ ָ ֛חה ְל ֶ ֥מ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫�־מ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם וְ ל‬ ִ ‫ל־סוֹא ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֣ ‫ים ֶא‬ ֙ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ֶ ֗ק ֶשׁר ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָשׁ ַל֤ח ַמ ְל ָא ִכ‬ ֵ֜ ‫�־א ֨שּׁוּר ְבּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְמ ָצ ֩א ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫הוּ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר וַ יַּ ַא ְס ֵ ֖רהוּ ֵ ֥בּית ֶ ֽכּ ֶלא׃‬ ֙ ‫ַא ֖שּׁוּר ְכּ ָשׁ ָנ֣ה ְב ָשׁ ָנ֑ה ַ ֽו יַּ ַﬠ ְצ ֵ ֨ר‬ 17:4

�ַ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ֵ ‫ְבּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:4; Hos 1:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its five occurrences with the prep. ‫הוֹשׁ ַ�( ל‬ ֵ ‫)ל‬, ְ one of which occurs in v. 6. 17:4

Unique 17:4

Unique

‫א־ה ֱﬠ ָלה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ְכּ ָשׁנָ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

2 KINGS

247

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (14x) with the prep. ‫ב‬, one of which occurs in this verse.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once that start with a ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19. 17:4

‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְצ ֵרהוּ‬

Unique 17:4

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ֵבּית ֶכּ ֶלא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:4; 25:27 (‫;)מ ֵבּית ֶכּ ֶלא‬ ִ Isa 42:7 (‫)מ ֵבּית ֶכּ ֶלא‬ ִ ——————————

‫ ֵבּית ֶכּ ֶלא‬three times in similar forms

2 Kgs 17:4 2 Kgs 25:27 Isa 42:7

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫בית כלא ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויעצרהו מלך‬ ‫נשא אויל מרדך‬ ‫להוציא ממסגר אסיר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma without the def. article, to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the def. article (‫ ְל ֵבית ַה ֶכּ ֶלא‬/‫) ֵבּית ַה ֶכּ ֶלא‬.

2 KINGS 17:6 ‫שּׁוּר ֶאת־ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן וַ יֶּ ֥ גֶ ל ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַא ֑שּׁ ָוּרה וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶשׁב א ָֹ֜תם ַבּ ְח ַל֧ח‬ ֙ ‫�־א‬ ַ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ָל ַ ֤כד ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֵ֗ ‫יﬠית ְל‬ ִ ֜ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַנת ַה ְתּ ִשׁ‬ ‫גּוֹז֖ ן וְ ָﬠ ֵ ֥רי ָמ ָ ֽדי׃ פ‬ ָ ‫וּב ָח ֛בוֹר נְ ַ ֥הר‬ ְ 17:6

‫יﬠית‬ ִ ‫ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת ַה ְתּ ִשׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

——————————

248

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת * ַה ְתּ ִשׁי ִﬠית‬twice

‫בשנת התשיעית ̇ב‬

2 Kgs 17:6 ‫יﬠית‬ ִ ‫ וַ יְ ִהי ִב ְשׁנַ ת ַה ְתּ ִשׁ‬of Zedekiah (2 Kgs 25:1)

Mm [‫)להושיע( ]להושע‬ ‫ויהי >בשנת< התשיעית דצדקיהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫יﬠית‬ ִ ‫ ַה ְתּ ִשׁ‬with ‫( ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת‬cstr.), to distinguish them from its three occurrences with ‫יﬠית( ַבּ ָשּׁנָ ה‬ ִ ‫) ַבּ ָשּׁנָ ה ַה ְתּ ִשׁ‬. The additional notation “of Zedekiah” to the 2 Kgs 25:1 reference is to distinguish that verse from the occurrence of this lemma in 2 Kgs 17:6 with Hoshea.

*ML, contrary to M (‫)ה ְתּ ִשׁ ִﬠית‬, ַ writes the second word of this lemma plene first ‫יﬠית( י‬ ִ ‫;)ה ְתּ ִשׁ‬ ַ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 129.

MC reads the second word as ‫ה ְתּ ִשׁ ִﬠית‬,ַ but has no note, and MA is not extant here.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫יﬠית‬ ִ ‫ה ְתּ ִשׁ‬,ַ but as is clear from its Mm the note belongs on both words. 17:6

‫אַשּׁוּרה‬ ָ

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 15:29. 17:6

‫וַ ֙יּ ֶשׁב‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 17:6; 17:24; Ps 107:36 (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֶ ַ‫ ;)ו‬2 Chr 8:2 (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֶ ַ‫)ו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma accented milʿêl, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence accented milraʿ (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֣ ֵ ַ‫ )ו‬at Gen 47:11.

2 KINGS 17:8 ‫וּמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ֽשׂוּ׃‬ ַ ‫הוה ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֖י ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הוֹרישׁ י‬ ֣ ִ ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר‬ ִ֔ ‫כוּ ְבּ ֻח ֣קּוֹת ַה‬ ֙ ‫וַ יֵּ ְֽל‬ 17:8 Unique

‫וּמ ְל ֵכי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ַ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (19x) without a cj.

‫‪249‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 17:9‬‬

‫נוֹצ ִ ֖רים‬ ‫יהם ִמ ִמּגְ ַ ֥דּל ְ‬ ‫ל־ﬠ ֵ֣ר ֶ֔‬ ‫מוֹת ְבּ ָכ ָ‬ ‫יהם וַ יִּ ְבנ֨ וּ ָל ֶ ֤הם ָבּ ֙‬ ‫�ה ֶ ֑‬ ‫הו֖ה ֱא ֵ‬ ‫ֹא־כן ַﬠל־יְ ָ‬ ‫שׁר ל ֵ֔‬ ‫ים ֲא ֶ ֣‬ ‫וַ יְ ַח ְפּ ֣אוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ְדּ ָב ִר ֙‬ ‫ד־ﬠיר ִמ ְב ָ ֽצר׃‬ ‫ַﬠ ִ ֥‬

‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וַ יְ ַח ְפּאוּ‬

‫‪17:9‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬ ‫א־כן‬ ‫לֹ ֵ‬

‫‪17:9‬‬

‫‪Nineteen times‬‬

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Sam 20:21.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 17:10‬‬ ‫ל־ﬠץ ַר ֲﬠ ָנֽ ן׃‬ ‫וַ יַּ ִ ֧צּבוּ ָל ֶ ֛הם ַמ ֵצּ ֖בוֹת וַ ֲא ֵשׁ ִ ֑רים ַ ֚ﬠל ָכּל־גִּ ְב ָﬠ֣ה גְ ב ָֹ֔הה וְ ַ ֖ת ַחת ָכּ ֵ ֥‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וַ יַּ ִצּבוּ‬

‫‪17:10‬‬

‫‪Twice defective‬‬

‫חס‬ ‫̇ב ̇‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Sam 18:17.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 17:11‬‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ‫שׂוּ ְדּ ָב ִ ֣רים ָר ֔ ִﬠים ְל ַה ְכ ִ ֖ﬠיס ֶאת־יְ ָ‬ ‫יהם ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֙‬ ‫הו֖ה ִמ ְפּנֵ ֶ ֑‬ ‫ר־הגְ ָ ֥לה יְ ָ‬ ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶשׁ ֶ‬ ‫ל־בּ ֔מוֹת ַכּ ִ֕‬ ‫רוּ־שׁ ֙ם ְבּ ָכ ָ‬ ‫וַ יְ ַק ְטּ ָ‬ ‫רוּ־שׁם‬ ‫וַ יְ ַק ְטּ ָ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪17:11‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪Unique‬‬

‫ַכּגּוֹיִ ם‬

‫‪17:11‬‬

‫‪,‬שׁם ‪ with‬וַ יְ ַק ְטּרוּ ‪Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of‬‬ ‫‪ָ to distinguish it from its four‬‬ ‫א�הים ‪occurrences with‬‬ ‫א�הים( ֵל ִ‬ ‫א�הים‪/‬וַ יְ ַק ְטּרוּ בוֹ ֵל ִ‬ ‫‪).‬וַ יְ ַק ְטּרוּ ֵל ִ‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫̇ג‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪Deut 8:20; 2 Kgs 17:11; Ezek 20:32‬‬ ‫——————————‬

250

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ַכּגּוֹיִ ם‬three times

‫כגוים ̇ג‬

Deut 8:20 2 Kgs 17:11 Ezek 20:32

Mm1

[‫אשר יהוה מאביד )מפניהם( ]מפניכם‬ ‫ויקטרו שם בכל במות‬ ‫על רוחכם‬

——————————

‫ ַכּגּוֹיִ ם‬three times, and their references Deut 8:20 2 Kgs 17:11 Ezek 20:32

‫כגוים ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm2

‫מאביד מפניכם‬ ‫אשר )נגלה( ]הגלה[ יהוה‬ ‫נהיה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (74x) with the prep. ‫)בּגּוֹיִ ם( ב‬. ַ

This Mm occurs twice, once (Mm1) on the bottom left of fol. 213v, and once (Mm2) on the bottom right of fol. 214r. 17:11

Unique

‫ְדּ ָב ִרים ָר ִﬠים‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the pl., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (5x) in the sg. (‫) ָדּ ָבר ָרע‬.

2 KINGS 17:12 ‫ת־ה ָדּ ָ ֥בר ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ַֽﬠ ְב ֖דוּ ַהגִּ ֻלּ ִ ֑לים ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָא ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ָל ֶ֔הם ֥ל ֹא ַת ֲﬠ ֖שׂוּ ֶא‬ 17:12

‫ֲא ֶשׁר ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה ָל ֶהם‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 6:26; 2 Kgs 17:12; Ps 106:34 ——————————

‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה ָל ֶהם‬three times

Exod 6:26 2 Kgs 17:12 Ps 106:34

‫אשר אמר יהוה להם ̇ג‬

‫הוא אהרן ומשה‬ [‫ויעבדו )את הגלולים( ]הגללים‬ ‫את העמים‬

Mm

2 KINGS

251

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the rel. pron. ‫א ֶשׁר‬, ֲ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the cj. ‫ ) ִכּי ָא ַמר יְ הוָ ה ָל ֶהם( ִכּי‬at Num 26:65.

The Mp heading at Ps 106:34 reads four times, and includes the four occurrences of this phrase, three with ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר‬and one with ‫כּי‬.ִ

2 KINGS 17:13 ‫קּוֹתי‬ ַ֔ ‫וֹתי ֻח‬ ֣ ַ ‫רוּ ִמ ְצ‬ ֙ ‫ים וְ ִשׁ ְמ‬ ֙ ‫מר ֩֝ ֻשׁבוּ ִמ ַדּ ְר ֵכ ֶיכ֤ם ָ ֽה ָר ִﬠ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫יאו ָכל־ח ֶֹ֜זה ֵלא‬ ֵ֨ ‫יהוּדה ְבּיַ ד֩ ָכּל־נְ ִב‬ ֡ ָ ‫וּב‬ ִ ‫הוה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֣אל‬ ָ֡ ְ‫וַ יָּ ַ֣ﬠד י‬ ‫יאים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫יכם ְבּ ַי֖ד ֲﬠ ָב ַ ֥די ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֶ֔ ‫ת־א ֽבֹ ֵת ֶיכ֑ם ַו ֲֽא ֶשׁ ֙ר ָשׁ ַל ְ֣ח ִתּי ֲא ֵל‬ ֲ ‫יתי ֶא‬ ִ ‫תּוֹרה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִצִ ֖וּ‬ ֔ ָ ‫ל־ה‬ ַ ‫ְכּ ָ֨כ‬ 17:13

‫וַ יָּ ַﬠד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:13; Zech 3:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ד‬, possibly to distinguish it from its three occurrences written with a ‫)וַ יָּ ַﬠר( ר‬. 17:13

‫וַ יָּ ַﬠד יְ הוָ ה‬

‫ וַ יָּ ַﬠד יְ הוָ ה‬twice, and their references 2 Kgs 17:13 Zech 3:6 (‫)וַ יָּ ַﬠד ַמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה‬

‫ויעד יהוה ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫בישראל וביהודה‬ [‫)יהושע( ]ביהושע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, possibly, to distinguish them from the two occurrences of ‫ וַ יָּ ַﬠר יְ הוָ ה‬at Hag 1:14 and 2 Chr 21:16. 17:13

‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ִ

‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ִ five times

1–5

‫וביהודה ̇ה‬

Mm

Josh 19:34 2 Kgs 17:13 ‫ ִה ְשׁ ִלכוֹ‬of Kings (2 Kgs 24:20) Zech 14:21 ‫ ִדּ ְרשׁוּ‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 34:21)

‫אזנות‬ ‫ויעד יהוה‬ ‫)השליכו( ]השלכו[ דמלכים‬ ‫והיה כל סיר‬ ‫)דרושל( ]דרשו[ דדברי הימים‬

252

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (47x) written without a cj. The addition of Kings to the catchword of the 2 Kgs 24:20 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in Jer 52:3, where the lemma appears as ‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ִ‫ו‬.

The addition of Chronicles to the catchword of the 2 Chr 34:21 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in 2 Kgs 22:13, where the lemma appears as ‫הוּדה‬ ָ ְ‫י‬. 17:13

‫יאו‬ ֵ ‫נְ ִב‬

Read ‫יאי‬ ֵ ‫נְ ִב‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫נביאי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫נביאו‬, his prophets), and the qərê (‫יאי‬ ֵ ‫נְ ִב‬, prophets of) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where the kəṯîḇ is generally regarded as preferable; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 148–49. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that are written with a ‫ ו‬at the end but read with a ‫ ;י‬see the Mm at Dan 3:19 sub ‫ ;אשׁתנו‬Frensdorff, Ochlah, §136, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §120. 17:13

‫ֻ֜שׁב֠וּ‬

Five times with the accents (gereš and təlîšâ gəḏôlâ) 1–5

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Gen 5:29 ( ֠‫;)זה‬ ֶ֞ Lev 10:4 (‫;)ק ְר ֞בוּ‬ ִ ֠ 2 Kgs 17:13 Ezek 48:10 (‫ ;) ֠וּ ְל ֵ֜א ֶלּה‬Zeph 2:15 (‫֞)ז ֹא֠ ת‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the five forms that have the two accents gereš and təlîšâ gəḏôlâ.

The Mp heading at Ezek 48:10 reads three times and deals, not with the accents on the word ‫וּל ֵא ֶלּה‬, ְ but with the fact that this word occurs three times. 17:13

Three times

‫קּוֹתי‬ ַ ‫וֹתי ֻח‬ ַ ‫ִמ ְצ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 26:5; 1 Kgs 9:6 (‫;)חקּ ַֹתי‬ ֻ 2 Kgs 17:13 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫קּוֹתי‬ ַ ‫וֹתי ֻח‬ ַ ‫ ִמ ְצ‬three times, and their references Gen 26:5 1 Kgs 9:6 2 Kgs 17:13

‫מצותי חקותי ̇ג וסימנהון‬

253 Mm

‫עקב אשר שמע אברהם‬ [‫אם שוב )תשובון( ]תשבון‬ ‫ויעד יהוה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫וֹתי‬ ַ ‫ ִמ ְצ‬with ‫קּוֹתי‬ ַ ‫ח‬,ֻ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫קּוֹתי‬ ַ ‫וֹתי וְ ֻחקּ ַֹתי( וְ ֻח‬ ַ ‫ ) ִמ ְצ‬at 1 Kgs 11:34. 17:13

‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫ֲאב ֵֹת‬

Unique defective in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The heading of this note is inexact since there are no occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ י‬in the book; see the Mm to 1 Sam 12:7 sub ‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫בוֹת‬ ֵ ‫א‬. ֲ The note more precisely should have read unique and defective in the book. MC has no note, and MA is not extant here.

2 KINGS 17:14 ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫יהו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫בוֹתם ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ֣ל ֹא ֶה ֱא ִ֔מינוּ ַ ֽבּ‬ ָ֔ ‫ת־ﬠ ְר ָפּ ֙ם ְכּ ֣ﬠֹ ֶרף ֲא‬ ָ ‫וְ ֖ל ֹא ָשׁ ֵ ֑מעוּ וַ יַּ ְק ֤שׁוּ ֶא‬ 17:14 Unique

‫ְכּע ֶֹרף‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with beginning with a ‫( כ‬here), and once with a ‫( ב‬Gen 49:8); see the Mm at Ezek 42:11 sub ‫יהן‬ ֶ ‫וּכ ִמ ְשׁ ְפּ ֵט‬, ְ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §4, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §4.

2 KINGS 17:15 ֙‫וֹתיו ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֵה ִ ֖ﬠיד ָ ֑בּם וַ ֵ֨יּ ְלכוּ֜ ַא ֲח ֵ ֤רי ַה ֶ֨ה ֶבל‬ ָ֔ ‫בוֹתם וְ ֵא ֙ת ֵ ֽﬠ ְד‬ ָ֔ ‫ת־א‬ ֲ ‫שׁר ָכּ ַ ֣רת ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יתוֹ ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ת־בּ ִר‬ ְ ‫ת־ח ָ ֗קּיו וְ ֶא‬ ֻ ‫וַ יִּ ְמ ֲא ֣סוּ ֶא‬ ‫שׁר ְס ִ ֽביב ָֹ֔תם ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ִצָוּ֤ה יְ הוָ ֙ה א ָֹ֔תם ְל ִב ְל ִ ֖תּי ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת ָכּ ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יֶּ ְה ָ֔בּלוּ וְ ַא ֲח ֵ ֤רי ַהגּוֹיִ ֙ם ֲא‬ 17:15 Five times

‫וֹתיו‬ ָ ‫ֵﬠ ְד‬ ‫̇ה‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:3.

Mp

254

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

17:15

‫וַ יֶּ ְה ָבּלוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:15; Jer 2:5 17:15

‫ְס ִביב ָֹתם‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:15; Ezek 28:24; 28:26 (‫יבוֹתם‬ ָ ‫)מ ְסּ ִב‬ ִ ——————————

‫ ְס ִביב ָֹתם‬three times, twice defective and once plene, and their references 2 Kgs 17:15 Ezek 28:24 Ezek 28:26

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ סביבתם ̇ג ̇ב חסירין וחד‬Mm

‫ואחרי הגוים‬ ‫סלון ממאיר‬ ‫השאטים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms with this sfx. (‫)תם‬, ָ to distinguish them from its five occurrences with the alternate sfx. ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ֵת‬ (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ְס ִביב ֵֹת‬/‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫יבוֹת‬ ֵ ‫) ְס ִב‬.

The Mp heading at Ezek 28:26 reads unique since the form that occurs there (‫יבוֹתם‬ ָ ‫)מ ְסּ ִב‬ ִ only occurs once. 17:15

‫ָכּ ֶהם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words that occur once with a final ‫ם‬, and once wih a final ‫ ;ן‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §12, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §12.

The other is in a list of words that occur only once beginning with a ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20.

2 KINGS

255

2 KINGS 17:16 ‫ל־צ ָ ֣בא‬ ְ ‫ירה וַ ִיּ ְֽשׁ ַתּ ֲח ֙ווּ ְל ָכ‬ ֗ ָ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֥שׂוּ ָל ֶ ֛הם ַמ ֵסּ ָ ֖כה ְשׁ ֵנ֣ים ֲﬠגָ ִ ֑לים וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֣שׂוּ ֲא ֵשׁ‬ ֶ֔ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫הו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫וֹת י‬ ֙ ‫ל־מ ְצ‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠזְ ֗בוּ ֶא‬ ‫ת־ה ָ ֽבּ ַﬠל׃‬ ַ ‫ַה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֖דוּ ֶא‬ 17:16 Three times

‫ל־מ ְצוֹת יְ הוָ ה‬ ִ ‫ֶאת ָכּ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 15:39; 2 Kgs 17:16; Neh 10:30

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without ‫)את ִמ ְצוֹת יְ הוָ ה( ָכּל‬. ֶ

The circelli have been placed on the four words ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫ל־מ ְצוֹת יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬ ִ ‫ ָכּ‬which only occur once, but as indicated by the heading of the Mm at Num 15:39, the note should be on the highlighted phrase ‫ל־מ ְצוֹת יְ הוָ ה‬ ִ ‫ ֶאת ָכּ‬, which does occur three times. 17:16

Read ‫ְשׁנֵ י‬

‫ְשׁנֵ ים‬

Mp

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫שני‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)שנים‬, and the qərê (‫)שׁנֵ י‬ ְ represent examples where the kəṯîḇ and the qərê fluctuate between cstr. and absol. forms of the numerals; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 143. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words written with a final ‫ ם‬that is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §156, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §142. 17:16

‫ֲא ֵשׁ ָירה‬

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 7:5 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ;)וַ ֲא ֵשׁ ֵיר‬2 Kgs 17:16; Mic 5:13 (�‫)א ֵשׁ ֶירי‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences in various forms written defective ‫( י‬e.g., ‫)א ֵשׁ ָרה‬. ֲ The Mp heading at Mic 5:13 mistakenly reads fourteen times plene, but both MC and MA read there unique plene.

256

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 17:17

‫הו֖ה‬ ָ ְ‫יה ֙ם ָבּ ֵ֔אשׁ וַ יִּ ְק ְס ֥מוּ ְק ָס ִ ֖מים וַ יְ נַ ֵ ֑חשׁוּ וַ ִיּ ְֽת ַמ ְכּ ֗רוּ ַל ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת ָה ַ ֛רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י י‬ ֶ ‫וֹת‬ ֵ ֽ‫ת־בּנ‬ ְ ‫יהם וְ ֶא‬ ֤ ֶ ֵ‫ת־בּנ‬ ְ ‫ַ ֽו֠יַּ ֲﬠ ִבירוּ ֶא‬ ‫יסוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫ְל ַה ְכ ִﬠ‬ 17:17 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַמ ְכּרוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 17:18 ‫הוּדה ְל ַב ֽדּוֹ׃‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫הו֤ה ְמא ֹ֙ד ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ יְ ִס ֵ ֖רם ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל ָפּ ָנ֑יו ֣ל ֹא נִ ְשׁ ַ֔אר ַ ֛רק ֵ ֥שׁ ֶבט י‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַא ֨ ַנּף י‬ 17:18

‫וַ יְ ִס ֵרם‬

Twice and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

1 Sam 17:39; 2 Kgs 17:18

Mp

Com.: By noting that the two occurrences of this lemma are both written defective ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

2 KINGS 17:19 ‫יהם וַ יֵּ ְ֣ל ֔כוּ ְבּ ֻח ֥קּוֹת יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ֽשׂוּ׃‬ ֑ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫הו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫ת־מ ְצוֹ֖ ת י‬ ִ ‫הוּדה ֣ל ֹא ָשׁ ַ֔מר ֶא‬ ֕ ָ ְ‫גַּ ם־י‬ 17:19

‫גַּ ם‬

Unique at the beginning (of a verse) in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫ראש‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the book at the beginning of a verse without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (16x) in the book at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj.

2 KINGS 17:20 ‫יכם ִמ ָפּ ָנֽיו׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ל־ז ַ רע יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ וַ יְ ַﬠ ֔ ֵנּם ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֵנ֖ם ְבּיַ ד־שׁ ִ ֹ֑סים ַ ֛ﬠד ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִה ְשׁ ִל‬ ֤ ֶ ‫הוה ְבּ ָכ‬ ָ֜ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְמ ַ֨אס י‬ 17:20

‫וַ יְ ַﬠנֵּ ם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 17:20 Unique

257

‫יכם ִמ ָפּנָ יו‬ ָ ‫ִה ְשׁ ִל‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫יכם‬ ָ ‫ ִה ְשׁ ִל‬with ‫מ ָפּנָ יו‬, ִ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫יכם ֵמ ַﬠל ָפּנָ יו( ֵמ ַﬠל ָפּנָ יו‬ ָ ‫ ) ִה ְשׁ ִל‬at 2 Kgs 13:23.

2 KINGS 17:21 ‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫י־ק ַ ֣רע יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ֵמ ַﬠל֙ ֵבּ֣ית ָדּ ִ֔וד וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֖ליכוּ ֶאת־יָ ָר ְב ָﬠ֣ם ֶבּן־נְ ָ ֑בט וַ יַּ ַ ֨דּא יָ ָר ְב ָ ֤ﬠם ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵמ ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי י‬ ָ ‫ִ ֽכּ‬ ‫דוֹלה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫יאם ֲח ָט ָ ֥אה ג‬ ֖ ָ ‫וְ ֶה ֱח ֵט‬ 17:21

Read ‫וַ יַּ ַדּח‬

‫וַ יַּ ַדּא‬ ‫וידח ̇ק‬

—————————— ‫ וַ יַּ ַדּח‬twice

2 Kgs 17:21 2 Chr 21:11

‫וידח ̇ב‬

Mp

Mm

‫ירבעם את ישראל‬ ‫את יהודה‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫וידא‬, he caused to drive away), and the qərê (‫וַ יַּ ַדּח‬, he caused to stray) represent variants of equal value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151.

The Mm notes the two occurrences of the qərê ‫וַ יַּ ַדּח‬, possibly to avoid confusion with the kəṯîḇ form ‫וידא‬.

2 KINGS 17:22 ‫א־סרוּ ִמ ֶ ֽמּנָּ ה׃‬ ֖ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ח ֥טּ ֹאות יָ ָר ְב ָ ֖ﬠם ֲא‬ ַ ‫כוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ְבּ ָכ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יֵּ ְֽל‬ 17:22

‫ַחטֹּאות יָ ָר ְב ָﬠם‬

Five times lacking ‫ֶבּן־נְ ָבט‬ Com.: See 1 Kgs 14:16.

‫חס בן נבט‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

258

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 17:23

‫יאים וַ ִ֨יּגֶ ל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ֵמ ַ ֤ﬠל‬ ֑ ִ ‫ל־ﬠ ָב ָ ֣דיו ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֲ ‫שׁר ִדּ ֶ֔בּר ְבּ ַי֖ד ָכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הו֤ה ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל ָפּ ֔ ָניו ַכּ ֲא‬ ָ ְ‫ר־ה ִ֨סיר י‬ ֵ ‫ַ֠ﬠד ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫תוֹ ַא ֔שּׁ ָוּרה ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ ֙ ‫ַא ְד ָמ‬ 17:23 Unique

‫יאים‬ ִ ‫ל־ﬠ ָב ָדיו ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֲ ‫ְבּיַ ד ָכּ‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its three occurrences without ‫יאים( ָכּל‬ ִ ‫) ְבּיַ ד ֲﬠ ָב ָדיו ַהנְּ ִב‬.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫ ְבּיַ ד ָכּל‬and one on ‫ֲﬠ ָב ָדיו‬ ‫יאים‬ ִ ‫הנְּ ִב‬.ַ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim. 17:23

‫וַ יִּ גֶ ל‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 17:23; 25:21; Jer 52:27; Job 36:10 —————————— ‫ וַ יִּ גֶ ל‬four times

‫ויגל ̇ד‬

2 Kgs 17:23 2 Kgs 25:21 Jer 52:27 Job 36:10

‫אדמתו‬ ‫מעל אדמתו‬ ‫יהודה‬ ‫אזנם‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ יִ גֶ ל‬at Job 36:15. 17:23

Six times

‫אַשּׁוּרה‬ ָ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 15:29.

2 KINGS

259

2 KINGS 17:24 ‫שׁוּ‬ ֙ ‫וּס ַפ ְר ַ֔ויִ ם וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶשׁ ֙ב ְבּ ָﬠ ֵ ֣רי ֽשׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן ַ ֖תּ ַחת ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ ִיּ ְֽ ר‬ ְ ‫וּמ ֲח ָמ ֙ת‬ ֽ ֵ ‫וּמ ַﬠָוּ֤א‬ ֵ ‫כּוּתה‬ ָ ‫֠מ‬ ֠ ִ ‫�־א ֡שּׁוּר ִמ ָבּ ֶ֡בל וּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֵב֣א ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫ֶאת־ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן וַ יֵּ ְֽשׁ ֖בוּ ְבּ ָﬠ ֶ ֽר‬ 17:24 Unique 17:24

‫כּוּתה‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ ֙יּ ֶשׁב‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:6; 17:24; Ps 107:36 (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֶ ַ‫ ;)ו‬2 Chr 8:2 (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֶ ַ‫)ו‬ ——————————

‫ וַ יּ ֶֹשׁב‬four times, and their references 2 Kgs 17:6 2 Kgs 17:24

Ps 107:36

And once (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֣ ֵ ַ‫)ו‬: Gen 47:11

‫וישב ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫להושע‬ ‫בני ישראל‬ {‫}וישב אתם בבלה‬ ‫)וישב( ]ויושב[ שם רעבים‬ ‫וחד ויושב יוסף‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma accented milʿêl, and the Mm additionally notes its sole occurrence accented milraʿ (‫יּוֹשׁב‬ ֣ ֵ ַ‫ )ו‬at Gen 47:11.

In place of catchwords for the 2 Chr 8:2 reference are catchwords that do not occur anywhere in the Bible. 17:24

‫וַ יִּ ְרשׁוּ‬

Four times defective

Com.: See Josh 12:1.

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

260

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 17:25 ‫ת־ה ֲא ָרי֔ וֹת וַ ִיּ ְֽהי֥ וּ ה ְֹר ִ ֖גים ָבּ ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ֣ ָ ‫הו֤ה ָבּ ֶה ֙ם ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫הו֑ה וַ יְ ַשׁ ֨ ַלּח י‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִבּ ְת ִח ַלּ ֙ת ִשׁ ְב ָ ֣תּם ָ֔שׁם ֥ל ֹא יָ ְר ֖אוּ ֶאת־י‬

17:25

‫ִבּ ְת ִח ַלּת‬

Six times 1–5 6

̇‫ו‬

Mp

2 Sam 21:9 (qərê); 2 Kgs 17:25; Amos 7:1; Ruth 1:22; Dan 9:23 Ezra 4:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this preposition. 17:25

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

Com.: See Judg 2:6.

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

2 KINGS 17:26 ‫�הי ָה ָ ֑א ֶרץ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־מ ְשׁ ַ ֖פּט ֱא‬ ִ ‫וֹשׁ ֙ב ְבּ ָﬠ ֵ ֣רי שׁ ְֹמ ֔רוֹן ֣ל ֹא ָי ְֽ ד ֔עוּ ֶא‬ ֶ ‫ית וַ ֨תּ‬ ָ֙ ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ִהגְ ֨ ִל‬ ִ֗ ‫מר֒ ַה‬ ֹ ‫שּׁוּר ֵלא‬ ֮ ‫אמ ֗רוּ ְל ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫�הי ָה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ת־מ ְשׁ ַ ֖פּט ֱא‬ ִ ‫אוֹתם ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ֵא ָינ֣ם י ְֹד ֔ ִﬠים ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫יתים‬ ֣ ִ ‫ת־ה ֲא ָרי֗ וֹת וְ ִהנָּ ֙ם ְמ ִמ‬ ָ ‫ח־בּ֣ם ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּ‬ 17:26

‫תּוֹשׁב‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Unique and plene

Mp

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective. 17:26

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

Com.: See Judg 2:6.

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

2 KINGS 17:26

‫יתים‬ ִ ‫ְמ ִמ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

261

Mp

2 Kgs 17:26; Jer 26:15 (‫)מ ִמ ִתים‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without a prep., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a prep. (‫)ל ְמ ִמ ִתים‬ ַ at Job 33:22.

2 KINGS 17:27 ‫יתם ִמ ָ֔שּׁם וְ יֵ ְל ֖כוּ וְ ֵי ְ֣שׁבוּ ָ ֑שׁם וְ י ֵ ֹ֕רם ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫שׁר ִהגְ ִל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ים ֲא‬ ֙ ִ‫מר ה ִ ֹ֤ליכוּ ָ֨שׁ ָמּ ֙ה ֶא ָ ֤חד ֵמ ַה ֽכֹּ ֲהנ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫�־א ֜שּׁוּר ֵלא‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ַ֨צו ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫�הי ָה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ִמ ְשׁ ַ ֖פּט ֱא‬ 17:27 Three times

‫ה ִֹליכוּ ָשׁ ָמּה‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:27; Jer 40:4 (‫ ;) ָל ֶל ֶכת ָשׁ ָמּה‬Qoh 9:10 (‫)ה ֵֹל� ָשׁ ָמּה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of the verb �‫ ָה ַל‬in various forms with ‫שׁ ָמּה‬, ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) of this verb in various forms with ‫( ָשׁם‬e.g., ‫)וַ יֵּ ֶל� ָשׁם‬.

These three references are the ones that are given in the Mm in MA at Jer 40:4. However, it is noteworthy that ‫ יֵ ֵלכוּ ָשׁ ָמּה‬of Ezek 1:20 is not included in this list; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. In ML the circellus has been placed just on ‫ה ִֹליכוּ‬, which only occurs here. The note more properly should be on the two words ‫ה ִֹליכוּ ָשׁ ָמה‬, see above. 17:27

Four times

‫ֵמ ַהכּ ֲֹהנִ ים‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:27; 17:28; Ezra 3:12; 2 Chr 29:34

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬at Jer 1: 1 and Neh 11:10.

262

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

17:27

‫וְ יֵ ְלכוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

17:27

‫וְ יֵ ְשׁבוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 6:22.

1–4

Mp

Gen 34:21; Gen 34:23; 2 Kgs 17:27; Ezek 33:31

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is inexact since there are four occurrences of this lemma, as is correctly noted in the Mp headings to the Gen 34:21 and 34:23. The heading more precisely should have read twice in the Prophets.

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (55x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וַ יֵּ ְשׁבוּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §3R. MC correctly reads here four times raṕê (that is, with a ‫ ו‬cj.), but MA is not extant here.

2 KINGS 17:29 ‫יהם ֲא ֶ ֛שׁר ֵ ֥הם י ְֹשׁ ִ ֖בים‬ ֶ֔ ‫גּוֹי ְבּ ָﬠ ֵ֣ר‬ ֙ ‫שׂוּ ַה ֣שּׁ ֹ ְמר ֔ ִֹנים גּ֥ וֹי‬ ֙ ‫�היו וַ יַּ ִנּ֣יחוּ ׀ ְבּ ֵב֣ית ַה ָבּ ֗מוֹת ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ָﬠ‬ ֑ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְהי֣ וּ ע ִֹ֔שׂים גּ֥ וֹי גּ֖ וֹי ֱא‬ ‫ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ 17:29 Twice

‫גּוֹי גּוֹי‬1

Mp

‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 17:29a; 17:29b

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma ‫ גּוֹי גּוֹי‬in the same verse.

17:29

‫ְבּ ֵבית ַה ָבּמוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

17:29

‫ַהשּׁ ְֹמר ֹנִ ים‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:29; 17:32

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 17:29

263

‫גּוֹי גּוֹי‬2

2 Kgs 17:29a; 17:29b Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading reads four times, but there are only two occurrences of this lemma ‫גּוֹי‬ ‫גּוֹי‬, and both are in the same verse; see directly above.

Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the note belongs only on the first ‫גּוֹי‬, and that a necessary additional phrase in the verse should be added because there are other occurrences of ‫ גּוֹי‬in the book (thus, four times in the verse). MC has no note, and MA is not extant here.

2 KINGS 17:30 ‫ת־א ִשׁי ָ ֽמא׃‬ ֲ ‫ת־נ ְֽ ר ַג֑ל וְ ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ֲח ָ ֖מת ָﬠ ֥שׂוּ ֶא‬ ֵ ‫י־כוּת ָﬠ ֖שׂוּ ֶא‬ ֔ ‫ת־ס ֣כּוֹת ְבּנ֔ וֹת וְ ַאנְ ֵשׁ‬ ֻ ‫שׂוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫שׁי ָב ֶ֗בל ָﬠ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫וְ ַאנ‬ 17:30

‫וְ אַנְ ֵשׁי‬

Four times at the beginning of a verse

‫ראש פסוק‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 13:13; Exod 22:30; 2 Kgs 17:30a; Ezek 39:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma that occur at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) that occur at the beginning of a verse without a ‫ ו‬cj. The Mp heading at Ezek 39:14 reads eighteen times, and the Mm there lists all eighteen occurrences of this word, not just those at the beginning of a verse; see 2 Sam 2:17. 17:30

‫כוּת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

17:30

Mp

‫ימא‬ ָ ‫ֲא ִשׁ‬

Unique and written with ‫א‬

‫וכת ̇א‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written with ‫א‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written with a ‫ה‬.

264

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 17:31

‫�ה ְס ַפ ְר ָ ֽי�׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫יה ֙ם ָבּ ֵ֔אשׁ ְל ַא ְד ַר ֶ ֥מּ ֶל� ַ ֽו ֲﬠנַ ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֱא‬ ֶ ֵ‫ת־בּנ‬ ְ ‫ת־תּ ְר ָ ֑תּק וְ ַה ְס ַפ ְר ִ֗וים שׂ ְֹר ִ ֤פים ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ָה ַﬠִוּ֛ים ָﬠ ֥שׂוּ נִ ְב ַ ֖חז וְ ֶא‬ 17:31

‫וְ ָה ַﬠוִּ ים‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Deut 2:23; Josh 13:3; 18:23; 2 Kgs 17:31 17:31

Unique 17:31

‫וְ ַה ְס ַפ ְרוִ ים‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

�‫אַד ַר ֶמּ ֶל‬ ְ ‫ְל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

17:31

‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫ֱא‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (�‫אַד ַר ֶמּ ֶל‬ ְ ְ‫ )ו‬at 2 Kgs 19:37 and Isa 37:38. Read ‫�הי‬ ֵ ‫ֱא‬

‫אלהי ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)אלה‬, and the qərê (‫�הי‬ ֵ ‫)א‬ ֱ are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations, where a word ending in a ‫ י‬is read even though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §126, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §110, and Gordis, The Biblical Text, 97. This lemma also occurs in a Masoretic list of words that occur three times written the same way, but each time are read differently; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §93, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §76. 17:31

� ָ‫ְס ַפ ְרי‬

Read ‫ְס ַפ ְרוָ יִ ם‬

‫ספרוים ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )ספרים‬and the qərê (‫)ס ַפ ְרוָ יִ ם‬, ְ represent variations in proper names; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 157.

2 KINGS

265

2 KINGS 17:32 ‫צוֹת ֙ם כּ ֲֹה ֵנ֣י ָב ֔מוֹת וַ יִּ ְהי֛ וּ ע ִ ֹ֥שׂים ָל ֶ ֖הם ְבּ ֵ ֥בית ַה ָבּ ֽמוֹת׃‬ ָ ‫הו֑ה וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֨שׂוּ ָל ֶ ֤הם ִמ ְק‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְהי֥ וּ יְ ֵר ִ ֖אים ֶאת־י‬ 17:32

‫כּ ֲֹהנֵ י ָבמוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 13:33.

2 KINGS 17:33 ‫ר־הגְ ל֥ וּ א ָ ֹ֖תם ִמ ָ ֽשּׁם׃‬ ִ ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ֔ ‫יה ֙ם ָהי֣ וּ ֽﬠֹ ְב ִ ֔דים ְכּ ִמ ְשׁ ַפּ ֙ט ַה‬ ֶ ‫ת־א ֽ� ֵה‬ ֱ ‫הו֖ה ָהי֣ וּ יְ ֵר ִ ֑אים וְ ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ֶאת־י‬ 17:33

‫ְכּ ִמ ְשׁ ַפּט‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 18:7.

Mp

2 KINGS 17:34 ‫וּכ ִמ ְשׁ ָפּ ָ֔טם‬ ְ ‫הוה וְ ֵא ָינ֣ם ע ִֹ֗שׂים ְכּ ֻחקֹּ ָת ֙ם‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ים ֶאת־י‬ ֙ ‫ַ ֣ﬠד ַהיּ֤ וֹם ַהזֶּ ֙ה ֵ ֣הם ע ִֹ֔שׂים ַכּ ִמּ ְשׁ ָפּ ִ ֖טים ָה ִ ֽראשׁ ִֹנ֑ים ֵא ָינ֤ם יְ ֵר ִא‬ ‫ר־שׂם ְשׁ ֖מוֹ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֥ ָ ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֣י יַ ֲﬠ ֔קֹב ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ְ ‫תּוֹרה וְ ַכ ִמּ ְצ ָ֗וה ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ִצָוּ֤ה יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ‫וְ ַכ‬ 17:34

‫ַכּ ִמּ ְשׁ ָפּ ִטים‬

Unique 17:34

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫ַכּ ִמּ ְשׁ ָפּ ִטים ָה ִראשׁ ֹנִ ים‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

17:34

‫תּוֹרה‬ ָ ‫וְ ַכ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:34; Ezra 10:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫תּוֹרה( ב‬ ָ ‫)וּב‬ ַ at 2 Chr 31:21.

The Mp heading at Ezra 10:3 reads unique but, since this lemma occurs twice, more precisely it should have read unique in the book (of Ezra).

266

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 17:35

‫א־ת ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחו֣ וּ ָל ֶ֔הם וְ ֣ל ֹא ַת ַﬠ ְב ֔דוּם וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ִ ֹ ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֑רים וְ ל‬ ֣ ִ ‫מר ֥ל ֹא ִ ֽת ְיר ֖אוּ ֱא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫הו֤ה ִא ָתּ ֙ם ְבּ ִ ֔רית וַ יְ ַצֵוּ֣ם ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְכ ֨ר ֹת י‬ ‫ִתזְ ְבּ ֖חוּ ָל ֶ ֽהם׃‬ 17:35

‫וַ יְ ַצוֵּ ם‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 11:5. 17:35

Mp

‫לֹא‬

Nine verses with the sequence ‫וְ לֹא‬...‫וְ לֹא‬...‫וְ לֹא‬...‫לֹא‬

‫פסוק אית בהון לא ולא ולא ולא‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 23:7.

In ML this lemma has no circellus.

17:35

Unique

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫לֹא ִת ְיראוּ ֱא‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a cj. (‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ )וְ לֹא ִת ְיראוּ ֱא‬in vv. 37 and 38.

In ML only one circellus has been placed on ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ת ְיראוּ ֱא‬,ִ which occurs three times. The note should be extended to include the previous word ‫ לֹא‬since the longer phrase ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫לֹא ִת ְיראוּ ֱא‬ only occurs this once.

2 KINGS 17:37 ‫ל־היָּ ִ ֑מים וְ ֥ל ֹא ִ ֽתי ְר ֖אוּ‬ ַ ‫שׁר ָכּ ַ ֣תב ָל ֶ֔כם ִתּ ְשׁ ְמ ֥רוּן ַל ֲﬠ ֖שׂוֹת ָכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫תּוֹרה וְ ַה ִמּ ְצוָ ֙ה ֲא‬ ֤ ָ ‫ת־ה ִמּ ְשׁ ָפּ ִ֜טים וְ ַה‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ֻח ִ֨קּים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֽרים׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫ֱא‬ 17:37 Four times

‫ת־ה ֻח ִקּים‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Deut 7:11; 17:19; 2 Kgs 17:37; Neh 1:7 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ת־ה ֻח ִקּים‬ ַ ‫ וְ ֶא‬four times Deut 7:11 Deut 17:19 2 Kgs 17:37 Neh 1:7

‫ואת החקים ̇ד‬

267

Mm

‫ושמרת את המצוה‬ ‫והיתה עמו וקרא בו‬ ‫ואת המשפטים‬ ‫חבל חבלנו לך ולא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its five occurrences without a cj. 17:37

‫תּוֹרה וְ ַה ִמּ ְצוָ ה‬ ָ ‫וְ ַה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 24:12; 2 Kgs 17:37

—————————— ‫תּוֹרה וְ ַה ִמּ ְצוָ ה‬ ָ ‫ וְ ַה‬twice

Exod 24:12 2 Kgs 17:37

‫והתורה והמצוה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫עלה אלי ההרה והיה שם‬ ‫ואת החקים ואת המשפטים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וְ ַה ִמּ ְצוָ ה‬with ‫תּוֹרה‬ ָ ‫וְ ַה‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫תּוֹרה‬ ָ ‫תּוֹרה וְ ַה ִמּ ְצוָ ה( ַה‬ ָ ‫ ) ַה‬at 2 Chr 14:3.

The first word of this lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with ‫ ;וה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §63, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §64. 17:37

Five times 1–5

‫ִתּ ְשׁ ְמרוּן‬

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Deut 6:17; 8:1; 11:22; 12:1; 2 Kgs 17:37

—————————— ‫ ִתּ ְשׁ ְמרוּן‬five times

1–5

‫תשמרון ̇ה‬

Deut 8:1 Deut 6:17 Deut 11:22 Deut 12:1 2 Kgs 17:37

Mm

‫כל המצוה‬ ‫)שמר( ]שמור[ תשמרון‬ ‫כי אם שמר‬ ‫אלה החקים‬ ‫ואת החקים‬

268

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a paragogic ‫נ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) written without this ‫;)תּ ְשׁ ְמרוּן( נ‬ ִ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §71. 17:37

‫וְ לֹא ִת ְיראוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 17:37; 17:38

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its four occurrences without a cj., one of which occurs in v. 35.

2 KINGS 17:38 ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֽרים׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫ר־כּ ַ ֥ר ִתּי ִא ְתּ ֶ ֖כם ֣ל ֹא ִת ְשׁ ָכּ֑חוּ וְ ֥ל ֹא ִ ֽת ְיר ֖אוּ ֱא‬ ָ ‫וְ ַה ְבּ ִ ֛רית ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 17:38

‫וְ לֹא ִת ְיראוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 17:37.

2 KINGS 17:39 ‫יכם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫הוּא יַ ִ ֣צּיל ֶא ְת ֶ֔כם ִמיַּ ֖ד ָכּל־אֹיְ ֵב‬ ֙ ְ‫יראוּ ו‬ ֑ ָ ‫יכם ִתּ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫הו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫ם־את־י‬ ֶ ‫ִ ֛כּי ִ ֽא‬ 17:39 Unique

‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫ִמיַּ ד ָכּל־אֹיְ ֵב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without ‫יכם( ָכּל‬ ֶ ‫ ) ִמיַּ ד אֹיְ ֵב‬at 1 Sam 12:11.

2 KINGS 17:40 ‫אשׁוֹן ֵ ֥הם ע ִ ֹֽשׂים׃‬ ֖ ‫ם־כּ ִמ ְשׁ ָפּ ָ ֥טם ָ ֽה ִר‬ ְ ‫וְ ֖ל ֹא ָשׁ ֵ ֑מעוּ ִ ֛כּי ִ ֽא‬ 17:40 Unique

‫ְכּ ִמ ְשׁ ָפּ ָטם ָה ִראשׁוֹן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

269

2 KINGS 17:41 ‫יהם ַכּ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ֤שׂוּ‬ ֶ֗ ֵ‫וּב ֵנ֣י ְבנ‬ ְ ‫יהם ׀‬ ֣ ֶ ֵ‫ם־בּנ‬ ְ ַ‫יהם ָהי֣ וּ ֽﬠֹ ְב ִ ֑דים גּ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫יל‬ ֵ ‫ת־פּ ִ ֽס‬ ְ ‫הוה וְ ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ים ֶאת־י‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְהי֣ וּ ׀ ַהגּוֹיִ ֣ם ָה ֵ֗א ֶלּה יְ ֵר ִא‬ ‫ֲאב ָֹת ֙ם ֵ ֣הם ע ִֹ֔שׂים ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ 17:41

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ת־פּ ִס ֵיל‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Unique 17:41

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ֲאב ָֹתם‬

Three times defective in the Prophets Com.: See 1 Kgs 9:9.

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS 18:1 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ן־א ָ ֖חז ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ָ ‫ן־א ָל֖ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָמ ַל֛� ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֥ה ֶב‬ ֵ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ֶבּ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫הי ִבּ ְשׁ ַנ֣ת ָשׁ ֔�שׁ ְל‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ 18:1

‫ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:1; 18:10 (‫;)ל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬ ְ 18:13; 18:14a; 18:14b 2 Kgs 18:15; 18:16a; 18:16b; Zeph 1:1; Prov 25:1 Neh 7:21 (‫;)ל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬ ְ 10:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of ‫ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬written with the divine element ‫יָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) written with the divine element ‫)חזְ ִקיָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬. ִ

The Mp at Zeph 1:1 and Prov 15:1, and the Mm headings at Zeph 1:1 and Neh 10:18, read three times for the three occurrences of ‫( ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬with and without the prep. ‫ )ל‬outside of 2 Kgs 18:1–17.

The Mp and Mm at 2 Kgs 18:10 (‫)ל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬, ְ and the Mp at Neh 7:21(‫)ל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬, ְ read twice for the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬.

The enumerations given in the various Mp headings in ML do not take into account the form with the ‫ ו‬cj. at 1 Chr 3:23 (‫)וְ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬, which would constitute a thirteenth occurrence; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 131.

270

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 18:2

‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ ֲא ִ ֖בי ַבּת־זְ ַכ ְר ָיֽה׃‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ָח ֵ ֤משׁ ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָה ָי֣ה ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֤רים וָ ֵ֨ת ַשׁ ֙ע ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ 18:2

‫ָהיָ ה ְב ָמ ְלכוֹ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 8:17. 18:2

‫ֲא ִבי‬

Unique as name of a woman

‫̇ל שם אתה‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma as the name of a woman, to distinguish it from all other occurrences (75x) meaning father of, and to distinguish it from its occurrence as ‫ ֲא ִביָּ ה‬in the parallel text at 2 Chr 29:1.

2 KINGS 18:4 ‫ר־ﬠ ָ ֣שׂה מ ֶֹ֗שׁה‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֑רה וְ ִכ ַתּ ֩ת נְ ַ֨חשׁ ַהנְּ ֜חֹ ֶשׁת ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֵצּ ֔בֹת וְ ָכ ַ ֖רת ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ֗מוֹת וְ ִשׁ ַבּ ֙ר ֶא‬ ַ ‫֣הוּא ׀ ֵה ִ ֣סיר ֶא‬ ‫ד־היָּ ִ ֤מים ָה ֵ֨ה ָמּ ֙ה ָהי֤ וּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ְמ ַק ְטּ ִ ֣רים ֔לוֹ וַ יִּ ְק ָרא־ל֖ וֹ נְ ֻח ְשׁ ָ ֽתּן׃‬ ַ ‫ִ ֣כּי ַﬠ‬ 18:4

‫ַה ַמּ ֵצּבֹת‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the unique occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences written plene ‫)ה ַמּ ֵצּבוֹת( ו‬. ַ 18:4

‫וְ ִכ ַתּת‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at 2 Chr 34:7. 18:4

‫נְ ַחשׁ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 21:9a; 21:9b; 2 Kgs 18:4 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ נְ ַחשׁ‬three times

‫נחש ̇ג‬

Mm

Num 21:9a Twice in the verse (Num 21:9b) 2 Kgs 18:4 And once (‫)נַ ַחשׁ‬: Num 23:23

271

‫ויעש משה נחש נחשת‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫וכתת נחש הנחשת‬ [‫ביע( ]ביעקב‬ ̇ ) ‫וחד כי לא נחש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma pointed as ‫נְ ַחשׁ‬, to which the Mm adds one occurrence pointed as ‫נַ ַחשׁ‬, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (20x) of this lemma pointed as ‫נָ ָחשׁ‬. 18:4

‫ָה ֵה ָמּה‬

Twelve times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

1–5 6–10 11–12

Num 9:7; 2 Kgs 18:4; Jer 3:16; 3:18; Jer 5:18 Jer 14:15; 50:4; Joel 3:2; 4:1; Zech 8:23 Zech 14:15; Neh 13:15

18:4

‫נְ ֻח ְשׁ ָתּן‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma (a demon. adj.) written with a final ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) written without this ‫ה‬ (‫)ה ֵהם‬. ָ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS 18:5 ‫הוּדה וַ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָהי֖ וּ ְל ָפ ָנֽיו׃‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫מהוּ ְבּכֹל֙ ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י י‬ ֹ ֗ ‫א־ה ָי֣ה ָכ‬ ָ ֹ ‫�הי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָבּ ָ ֑טח וְ ַא ֲח ָ ֞ריו ל‬ ֽ ֵ ‫יהו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ַבּ‬ 18:5 Unique

‫וַ ֲא ֶשׁר ָהיוּ ְל ָפנָ יו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without a cj. at 1 Kgs 16:33 and 2 Kgs 17:2.

The second word of this lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words which occur only once with a preceding ‫ ;וַ ֲא ֶשׁר‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §254.

‫‪272‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 18:6‬‬ ‫הו֖ה ֶאת־מ ֶ ֹֽשׁה׃‬ ‫ר־צָוּ֥ה יְ ָ‬ ‫וֹתיו ֲא ֶשׁ ִ‬ ‫א־סר ֵמ ַ ֽא ֲח ָ ֑ריו וַ יִּ ְשׁמ ֹ֙ר ִמ ְצ ָ֔‬ ‫יהוה ל ֹ ָ ֖‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְד ַבּ ֙ק ַ ֽבּ ָ֔‬ ‫וֹתיו‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁמֹר ִמ ְצ ָ‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪18:6‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪2 KINGS 18:7‬‬ ‫�־א ֖שּׁוּר וְ ֥ל ֹא ֲﬠ ָב ֽדוֹ׃‬ ‫וְ ָה ָי֤ה יְ הוָ ֙ה ִﬠ ֔מּוֹ ְבּ ֥כֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־יֵ ֵצ֖א יַ ְשׂ ִ ֑כּיל וַ יִּ ְמ ֥ר ֹד ְבּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל ַ‬

‫‪Mm‬‬

‫וְ ָהיָ ה יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫)יהיה( ]והיה[ יהוה )ז̇ ( ]ו̇ [‬ ‫ושבתי בשלום‬ ‫וכי הקים יהוה‬ ‫והיה יהוה לדין ושפט‬ ‫והיה יהוה עמו בכל‬ ‫ברוך הגבר אשר‬ ‫והיה י̇ י̇ למלך‪ ...‬ביום ההוא‬

‫‪18:7‬‬

‫‪ six times‬וְ ָהיָ ה יְ הוָ ה‬

‫‪Gen 28:21‬‬ ‫‪Judg 2:18‬‬ ‫‪1 Sam 24:16‬‬ ‫‪2 Kgs 18:7‬‬ ‫‪Jer 17:7‬‬ ‫‪Zech 14:9‬‬

‫‪1–5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ cj., to distinguish them‬ו ‪Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a‬‬ ‫‪from its three occurrences without a cj.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 18:8‬‬ ‫ד־ﬠיר ִמ ְב ָ ֽצר׃ פ‬ ‫נוֹצ ִ ֖רים ַﬠ ִ ֥‬ ‫֑יה ִמ ִמּגְ ַ ֥דּל ְ‬ ‫בוּל ָ‬ ‫ד־ﬠ ָזּ֖ה וְ ֶאת־גְּ ֶ‬ ‫ת־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֛תּים ַﬠ ַ‬ ‫וּא־ה ָ ֧כּה ֶא ְ‬ ‫ֽה ִ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫יה‬ ‫בוּל ָ‬ ‫גְּ ֶ‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪18:8‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 5:6.‬‬

2 KINGS

273

2 KINGS 18:10 ‫הוֹשׁ ַ ֙� ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל נִ ְל ְכּ ָ ֖דה שׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֵ֨ ‫ת־תּ ַשׁע ְל‬ ֵ֗ ַ‫ת־שׁשׁ ְל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֑ה ִ ֣היא ְשׁנ‬ ֖ ֵ ַ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֻ ֗ד ָה ִמ ְק ֵצ ֙ה ָשׁ�֣ שׁ ָשׁ ֔ ִנים ִבּ ְשׁנ‬ 18:10

‫וַ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֻד ָה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 8:19. 18:10

‫ְל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

2 Kgs 18:10; Neh 7:21

—————————— ‫ ְל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬twice

‫לחזקיה ̇ב‬

Mm

2 Kgs 18:10 The second occurrence of ‫( ְבּנֵ י ָא ֵטר‬Neh 7:21) And in the rest of the Bible it is ‫יחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬ ִ ‫ִל‬

‫בשנת שש לחזקיה‬ ̇‫בני אטר בתרי‬ ‫ושאר קרייה ליחזקיה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יָ ה‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence written with the divine element ‫)ל ִחזְ ִקיָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬ ְ at Isa 38:9.

The Mm also notes the occurrence of this lemma written as ‫יחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬ ִ ‫ ִל‬at Ezra 2:16 [= the rest of the Bible!], to distinguish it from its two occurrences with the divine element ‫יחזְ ִקיָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬ ִ ‫)ל‬ ִ at 2 Chr 32:23 and 27. The additional notation in the Mm of the second occurrence to the catchwords ‫ ְבּנֵ י ָא ֵטר‬of the Neh 7:21 reference distinguishes this verse containing ‫ ְל ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬from the first occurrence of the catchwords ‫ ְבּנֵ י ָא ֵטר‬in Ezra 2:16, where the lemma occurs as ‫יחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬ ִ ‫ל‬.ִ

274

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 18:11 ‫גּוֹז֖ ן וְ ָﬠ ֵ ֥רי ָמ ָ ֽדי׃‬ ָ ‫וּב ָח ֛בוֹר נְ ַ ֥הר‬ ְ ‫�־א ֛שּׁוּר ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַא ֑שּׁ ָוּרה וַ יַּ נְ ֵ֞חם ַבּ ְח ַל֧ח‬ ַ ‫וַ יֶּ ֧ גֶ ל ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬

18:11

‫וַ יַּ נְ ֵחם‬

Seven times

Mp

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 22:4.

2 KINGS 18:12 ‫הו֑ה וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ָ ְ‫ֹשׁה ֶﬠ ֶ֣בד י‬ ֖ ֶ ‫שׁר ִצ ָ ֔וּה מ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫יתוֹ ֵ ֚את ָכּ‬ ֔ ‫ת־בּ ִר‬ ְ ‫רוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב‬ ֶ֔ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫הו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫א־שׁ ְמ ֗עוּ ְבּקוֹל֙ י‬ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ֽל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַﬠ֣ל ׀ ֲא‬ ‫ָשׁ ְמ ֖ﬠוּ וְ ֥ל ֹא ָﬠ ֽשׂוּ׃ פ‬ 18:12

‫ל־א ֶשׁר ִצוָּ ה מ ֶֹשׁה‬ ֲ ‫ָכּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with this prep. (‫ ) ְכּ ָכל ֲא ֶשׁר ִצוָּ ה מ ֶֹשׁה‬at Josh 4:10 and 1 Chr 6:34. In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase; see Josh 1:6 and passim. 18:12

‫וְ לֹא ָﬠשׂוּ‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 8:35.

2 KINGS 18:13 ‫הוּדה ַה ְבּ ֻצ ֖רוֹת ַוֽ יִּ ְת ְפּ ֵ ֽשׂם׃‬ ֛ ָ ְ‫ל־ﬠ ֵ ֧רי י‬ ָ ‫שּׁוּר ַﬠ֣ל ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫�־א‬ ַ ‫וּב ַא ְר ַבּ ֩ע ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֨רה ָשׁ ֜ ָנה ַל ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ִחזְ ִק ָ֗יּה ָﬠ ֞ ָלה ַסנְ ֵח ִ ֤ריב ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ְ 18:13

‫אַר ַבּע‬ ְ ‫וּב‬ ְ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 14:5; 2 Kgs 18:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its five occurrences without a cj.

2 KINGS

275

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of doublets occuring at the beginning of a verse with a prefixed ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §172, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §96.

The other is in list of doublets beginning with ‫ ;וב‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §62, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §63.

2 KINGS 18:14 ‫ר־תּ ֵ ֥תּן ָﬠ ַל֖י‬ ִ ‫אתי ֣שׁוּב ֵ ֽמ ָﬠ ֔ ַלי ֵ ֛את ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ִ ‫מר ׀ ָח ָ֨ט‬ ֹ ֤ ‫ישׁה ׀ ֵלא‬ ָ ‫�־אשּׁוּר֩ ׀ ָל ִ֨כ‬ ַ ‫ל־מ ֶל‬ ֽ ֶ ‫הוּדה ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֣ה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ‫�שׁים ִכּ ַ ֥כּר זָ ָ ֽהב׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫ר־כּ ֶסף‬ ֶ֔ ‫אוֹת ִכּ ַכּ‬ ֙ ‫הוּדה ְשׁ�֤ שׁ ֵמ‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֣ה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ִ ‫�־א ֜שּׁוּר ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ֶא ָ ֑שּׂא וַ ָ֨יּ ֶשׂם ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 18:14

‫ישׁה‬ ָ ‫ָל ִכ‬

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:31. 18:14

‫ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬2

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:1.

Mp

2 KINGS 18:15 ‫וּבא ְֹצ ֖רוֹת ֵ ֥בּית ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ְ ‫הו֑ה‬ ָ ְ‫ל־ה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ַהנִּ ְמ ָצ֣א ֵבית־י‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫תּן ִחזְ ִק ָ֔יּה ֶא‬ ֙ ֵ ִ‫וַ יּ‬ 18:15 Unique 1–4

‫ל־ה ֶכּ ֶסף‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Gen 47:14; 1 Kgs 15:18; 2 Kgs 12:10; 18:15

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are four occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (28x) without ‫) ֶאת ַה ֶכּ ֶסף( ָכּל‬.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

276

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 18:16

‫וּדה ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֵנ֖ם‬ ֑ ָ ‫שׁר ִצ ֔ ָפּה ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֖ה ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יְ ה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫א ְמנ֔ וֹת ֲא‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ת־ה‬ ָ ‫ת־דּ ְל ֨תוֹת ֵה ַיכ֤ל יְ הוָ ֙ה וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֗היא ִק ַ֨צּץ ִחזְ ִק ָ֜יּה ֶא‬ ‫ְל ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ַא ֽשּׁוּר׃ פ‬ 18:16

‫ִק ַצּץ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

18:16

‫ָהא ְֹמנוֹת‬

Unique 18:16

Mp Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה‬2

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:1.

Mp

2 KINGS 18:17 ‫ל־ה ֶ ֧מּ ֶל� ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֛הוּ ְבּ ֵ ֥חיל ָכּ ֵ ֖בד‬ ַ ‫ן־ל ִ֜כישׁ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֨קה ִמ‬ ָ ‫ת־ר‬ ַ ‫ב־ס ִ ֣ריס ׀ וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־ר‬ ַ ‫ת־תּ ְר ָ ֥תּן וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫�־א ֡שּׁוּר ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫כוֹבס׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫יוֹנה ֲא ֶ֕שׁר ִבּ ְמ ִס ַלּ֖ת ְשׂ ֵ ֥דה‬ ָ ֔ ‫דוּ ִבּ ְת ָﬠ ַל ֙ת ַה ְבּ ֵר ָכ֣ה ָ ֽה ֶﬠ ְל‬ ֙ ‫רוּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ וַ יָּ ֗בֹאוּ וַ יַּ ַֽﬠ ְמ‬ ָ ְ‫רוּשׁ ָל֑� ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֙לוּ וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ י‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 18:17

‫ן־ל ִכישׁ‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬, to distinguish it from its four occurrences with the inseparable prep. ‫)מ ָלּ ִכישׁ( מ‬. ִ

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a word normally joined by the inseparable prep. ‫ מ‬occurs once with the separable prep. ‫ ; ִמן‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §196, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §151. 18:17

‫ְבּ ֵחיל ָכּ ֵבד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:17; Isa 36:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences in these parallel texts of ‫ ָכּ ֵבד‬with ‫( ְבּ ֵחיל‬cstr.), to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ ְבּ ַחיִ ל ָכּ ֵבד( ְבּ ַחיִ ל‬, absol.) at 1 Kgs 10:2 and 2 Chr 9:1.

2 KINGS 18:17

277

‫ֲא ֶשׁר ִבּ ְמ ִס ַלּת‬ Mp

Unique

‫̇ל‬

18:17

‫כוֹבס‬ ֵ

Com.: The Masorah notes the occurrence of ‫ ִבּ ְמ ִס ַלּת‬with ‫א ֶשׁר‬, ֲ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר‬in the parallel passage at Isa 36:2.

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:17 (‫ ;*)כֹ ֵבס‬Isa 7:3; 36:2 ——————————

‫ כוֹ ֵבס‬three times, once defective and twice plene

Isa 7:3 ‫ ִבּ ְמ ִס ַלּת‬of Isaiah (Isa 36:2)

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫)כבס( ]כובס[ ̇ג חד‬ ‫וב מל‬ ̇

Mm

‫אל מסלת שדה‬ ‫במסלת דישעיהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes that this word occurs three times, once defective ‫( ו‬here) and twice plene ‫( ו‬at Isa 7:3 and 36:2).

*ML, contrary to M (‫)כֹ ֵבס‬, writes the form here plene ‫;)כוֹבס( ו‬ ֵ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 131. However, both the heading of the Mm here as well as the additional note in the Mm is only fully understandable with M’s text. In the Mm, the additional notation of Isaiah to the catchword ‫ ִבּ ְמ ִס ַלּת‬of the Isaiah reference contrasts that reference with its plene form of the lemma (‫)כּוֹבס‬ ֵ with its parallel in our text (2 Kgs 18:17), which for the contrast to work, must be written defective (‫ )כּ ֵֹבס‬exactly as in M.

MA reads here ‫כֹ ֵבס‬, whereas MC, as ML, reads ‫כוֹבס‬, ֵ and both of them have Mp notes of three times.

2 KINGS 18:18 ‫ן־א ָ ֖סף‬ ָ ‫יוֹאח ֶבּ‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫ל־ה ָ ֑בּיִ ת וְ ֶשׁ ְבנָ ֙ה ַהסּ ֔ ֵֹפר ו‬ ַ ‫שׁר ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ן־ח ְל ִקיָּ ֖הוּ ֲא‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� וַ יֵּ ֵצ֧א ֲא ֵל ֶ ֛הם ֶא ְליָ ִ ֥ קים ֶבּ‬ ַ ‫אוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְק ְר‬ ‫ַה ַמּזְ ִ ֽכּיר׃‬ 18:18

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Twelve times defective in the book

‫בסי‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

278

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading of twelve times defective in the book is incorrect since there are thirteen occurrences of this lemma in the book; see 1 Kgs 12:16. MA correctly reads here thirteen times defective in the book. MC has no note here.

2 KINGS 18:19 ‫ה־א ַ֞מר ַה ֶ ֤מּ ֶל� ַהגָּ דוֹל֙ ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר ָ ֧מה ַה ִבּ ָטּ ֛חוֹן ַה ֶזּ֖ה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ָ ֹ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֑הוּ ֽכּ‬ ִ ‫רוּ־נ֖א ֶא‬ ָ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֔קה ִא ְמ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶה ֙ם ַר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫ָבּ ָ ֽט ְח ָתּ׃‬ 18:19

‫ַה ִבּ ָטּחוֹן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:19; Isa 36:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with the def. article, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this def. article (‫)בּ ָטּחוֹן‬ ִ at Qoh 9:4.

2 KINGS 18:20 ‫ל־מי ָב ַ֔ט ְח ָתּ ִ ֥כּי ָמ ַ ֖ר ְד ָתּ ִ ֽבּי׃‬ ֣ ִ ‫בוּרה ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ַﬠ‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫ר־שׂ ָפ ַ֔תיִ ם ֵﬠ ָ ֥צה וּג‬ ְ ‫־דּ ַב‬ ְ ‫ָא ַ֨מ ְר ָ֙תּ ַא ְכ‬ 18:20

‫ָא ַמ ְר ָתּ‬

Three times at the beginning of a verse

‫פס‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:20; Jer 45:3; 2 Chr 25:19 ——————————

‫ ָא ַמ ְר ָתּ‬three times at the beginning of a verse, and their references 2 Kgs 18:20 Jer 45:3 ‫ית‬ ָ ‫ ָא ַמ ְר ָתּ ִהנֵּ ה ִה ִכּ‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 25:19)

‫ראש פסוקין‬ ̇ ‫ )אמרתי( ]אמרת[ ̇ג‬Mm1 ‫וסימנהון‬ ‫)אמרתי( ]אמרת[ אך דבר שפתים‬ ‫אמרת אוי נא לי כי יסף‬ ‫הימ‬ ̇ ‫אמרת הנה )הבית( ]הכית[ דדברי‬

2 KINGS

279

Com.: This Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (12x) at the beginning of a verse of the first pers. ‫א ַמ ְר ִתּי‬. ָ The addition of Chronicles to the catchwords ‫ית‬ ָ ‫ ָא ַמ ְר ָתּ ִהנֵּ ה ִה ִכּ‬of the 2 Chr 25:19 reference is solely to identify this Chronicles verse since these catchwords do not occur anywhere else. ——————————

In Kings ‫מלכים‬ Mm2 2 Kgs 18:20 (‫)א ַמ ְר ָתּ‬ ָ

‫אמרת אך דבר שפתים‬

In Isaiah Isa 36:5

‫אמרתי אך דבר שפתים‬

‫ישעיה‬ (‫)א ַמ ְר ִתּי‬ ָ

And one verse is the sîman

Gen 26:9 (‫ ָא ַמ ְר ִתּי‬...‫) ָא ַמ ְר ָתּ‬

̇‫וחד פסוק סימנ‬ ‫ויקרא אבימלך ליצחק ויאמר אך‬ ‫ כי אמרתי‬...‫הנה אשתך היא ואיך אמרת‬

Com.: This second Masorah compares the two parallel phrases of 2 Kgs 18:20 and Isa 36:5, and notes their difference by means of a third verse sîman. Gen 26:9 serves as this one verse sîman to illustrate the difference between the two parallel phrases, in which the first has the verb ‫א ַמ ְר ָתּ‬, ָ and the second ‫;א ַמ ְר ִתּי‬ ָ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §117N.

2 KINGS 18:21 ‫וּבא ְב ַכ ֖פּוֹ וּנְ ָק ָ ֑בהּ‬ ֥ ָ ‫ישׁ ָﬠ ֔ ָליו‬ ֙ ‫ל־מ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יִ ָסּ ֵ ֥מ� ִא‬ ִ ‫ל־מ ְשׁ ֶﬠנֶ ֩ת ַה ָקּ ֨ ֶנה ָה ָר ֤צוּץ ַהזֶּ ֙ה ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫ַﬠ ָ֡תּה ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָב ַ ֣ט ְח ָתּ ְלּ ֡� ַﬠ‬ ‫ל־הבּ ְֹט ִ ֖חים ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ַ ‫�־מ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ְל ָ ֽכ‬ ִ ‫ֵ ֚כּן ַפּ ְר ֣ﬠֹה ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 18:21

Twice

‫ָה ָרצוּץ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:21; Isa 36:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with the def. article, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without this article (‫ ָ)רצוּץ‬at Isa 42:3.

280

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

18:21

‫וּנְ ָק ָבהּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:21; Isa 36:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and Isaiah.

2 KINGS 18:22 ‫ת־בּמ ָ ֹ֣תיו וְ ֶאת־ ִמזְ ְבּח ָֹ֔תיו‬ ָ ‫הוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫לוֹא־הוּא ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ֵה ִ ֤סיר ִחזְ ִק ָ֨יּ‬ ֗ ‫�הינוּ ָבּ ָ ֑ט ְחנוּ ֲה‬ ֖ ֵ ‫הו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫ֹאמ ֣רוּן ֵא ֔ ַלי ֶאל־י‬ ְ ‫וְ ִכי־ת‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם ִל ְפנֵ ֙י ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַ֣� ַה ֶ֔זּה ִ ֽתּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחו֖ וּ ִבּ‬ ָ ‫יהוּד ֙ה וְ ִל ֣יר‬ ָ ‫אמר ִ ֽל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 18:22

‫ֹאמרוּן‬ ְ ‫ת‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 11:9. 18:22

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42. 18:22

̇‫מל בסי‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

�‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫יהוּדה וְ ִל‬ ָ ‫ִל‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:22; Isa 36:7; 2 Chr 11:14; 32:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with an initial ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this initial ‫ירוּשׁ ַל�( ל‬ ָ ‫הוּדה וְ ִל‬ ָ ְ‫ )י‬at Jer 4:3. 18:22

�‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫וְ ִל‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:22; Isa 36:7; 41:27; Jer 4:3; 4:10 Jer 4:11; 2 Chr 11:14; 32:12

——————————

2 KINGS �‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫ וְ ִל‬eight times 1–5

‫ולירושלם ̇ח‬

Jer 4:3 Jer 4:10 Jer 4:11 Isa 41:27 2 Kgs 18:22 And its companion (Isa 36:7) 2 Chr 32:12 2 Chr 11:14

6–8

281

Mm ‫נירו‬ ‫השא השאת‬ ‫יאמר‬ ‫ראשון‬ ‫ליהודה‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫)הלוא( ]הלא[ הוא‬ ‫כי עזבו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) without a cj. 18:22

�‫ירוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ‫ִתּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחווּ ִבּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the occurrence of ‫ ִתּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחווּ‬with �‫ירוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ‫בּ‬,ִ to distinguish it from its occurrence without �‫ירוּשׁ ָל‬ ָ ‫ ִבּ‬in the parallel passage at Isa 36:7.

2 KINGS 18:24 ‫וּל ָפ ָר ִ ֽשׁים׃‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ְל ֶ ֖ר ֶכב‬ ִ ‫וְ ֵ ֣אי� ָתּ ִ֗שׁיב ֠ ֵאת ְפּ ֨ ֵני ַפ ַ ֥חת ַא ַ ֛חד ַﬠ ְב ֵ ֥די ֲאד ִֹנ֖י ַה ְקּ ַט ִנּ֑ים וַ ִתּ ְב ַ ֤טח ְל ֙� ַﬠ‬ 18:24

�‫וְ ֵאי‬

Three times at the beginning of a verse

̇‫ראש פסו‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:24; Isa 36:9; Job 21:34 ——————————

�‫ וְ ֵאי‬three times at the beginning of a verse

2 Kgs 18:24 And its companion (Isa 36:9) Job 21:34

‫תשיב‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫תנחמוני הבל‬

‫ואיך ̇ג ראש פסוק‬

Mm

282

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) at the beginning of a verse without a cj. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur three times at the beginning of a verse with a preceding ‫ ו‬but which normally occur at the beginning of a verse without this ‫;ו‬ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §173, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §97. 18:24

‫ָתּ ִשׁיב‬

‫ ָתּ ִשׁיב‬ten times

1–5

6–10

̇‫תשיב י‬

Mm

Gen 24:6 Deut 24:13 Judg 5:29 2 Kgs 18:24 And its companion (Isa 36:9) Isa 58:13 Ps 89:44 Ps 74:11 Job 15:13 Lam 3:64

‫השמר‬ ‫העבוט‬ ‫חכמות‬ ‫ואיך‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫משבת‬ ‫חרבו‬ ‫וימינך‬ ‫אל אל‬ ‫גמול יהוה כמעשה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (33x) in the qal (‫;)תּשׁוּב‬ ָ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §3G. 18:24

‫אַחד‬ ַ

Twenty-five times

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 9:3.

Mp

2 KINGS 18:25 ‫יתהּ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ל־ה ָ ֥א ֶרץ ַה ֖זּ ֹאת וְ ַה ְשׁ ִח‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ָמּ ֥קוֹם ַה ֶזּ֖ה ְל ַה ְשׁ ִח ֑תוֹ יְ הוָ ֙ה ָא ַ ֣מר ֵא ֔ ַלי ֲﬠ ֵל֛ה ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫יתי ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫הוה ָﬠ ִ ֛ל‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ֲה ִמ ַבּ ְל ֲﬠ ֵד֣י י‬ 18:25

‫ַﬠ ָתּה‬

Twenty-five times at the beginning of a verse Com.: See 1 Sam 15:3.

̇‫ראש פסו‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Mp

2 KINGS 18:25 Three times

‫ֲה ִמ ַבּ ְל ֲﬠ ֵדי‬ ‫̇ג‬

283

Mp

2 Kgs 18:25; Isa 36:10; Jer 44:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with an interrog. ‫ה‬,ֲ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without an interrogative. 18:25

Three times

‫ל־ה ָמּקוֹם‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:25; 22:20; Jer 19:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ַה ָמּקוֹם‬with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (44x) with ‫) ֶאל ַה ָמּקוֹם( ֶאל‬.

This enumeration does not include the four occurrences of this lemma when it is followed by ‫וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו‬.

The distinction between ‫ל־ה ָמּקוֹם‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬and ‫ ֶאל ַה ָמּקוֹם‬is implied in the Mp heading at 2 Kgs 22:20 and the additonal Mm note at Jer 19:3. These notes read three times and similarly every occurrence with ‫וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו‬, apart from one. The one exception that provides the contrast is at 2 Kgs 22:16, where the lemma occurs as ‫ ֶאל ַה ָמּקוֹם‬. 18:25

‫ְל ַה ְשׁ ִחתוֹ‬

Seven times defective

Com.: See 2 Sam 11:1.

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

284

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 18:26

‫ל־ﬠ ָב ֶ ֨ד ֙י� ֲא ָר ִ֔מית ִ ֥כּי שׁ ְֹמ ִ ֖ﬠים ֲא ָנ ְ֑חנוּ‬ ֲ ‫ר־נ֤א ֶא‬ ָ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֗קה ַדּ ֶבּ‬ ָ ‫ל־ר‬ ַ ‫יוֹאח ֶא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫ן־ח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ וְ ֶשׁ ְב ֨ ָנה ו‬ ִ ֠ ‫אמר ֶא ְליָ ִ ֣ קים ֶבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ל־הח ָ ֹֽמה׃‬ ַ ‫הוּדית ְבּ ָאזְ ֵנ֣י ָה ֔ ָﬠם ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ַﬠ‬ ֔ ִ ְ‫ל־תּ ַד ֵבּ֤ר ִﬠ ָ֨מּ ֙נוּ י‬ ְ ‫וְ ַא‬ 18:26

‫אמר ֶא ְליָ ִקים‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:26; Isa 36:11

The circellus has been placed only on ‫א ְליָ ִקים‬, ֶ but since this name occurs eleven times it is probable that the lemma was meant to include the previous word since the phrase ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ ֶא ְליָ ִקים‬only occurs twice. 18:26

‫וְ ֶשׁ ְבנָ ה‬

Twice written with ‫ה‬

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 18:18; 18:26

Mp

——————————

‫ וְ ֶשׁ ְבנָ ה‬twice written with ‫ה‬, and their references 2 Kgs 18:18 2 Kgs 18:26

‫ויקראו אל המלך‬ ‫ויאמר אליקים בן חלקיהו‬

‫כת ̇ה וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ושבנה ̇ב‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) written with an ‫)וְ ֶשׁ ְבנָ א( א‬. 18:26

‫ְבּ ָאזְ נֵ י‬

Thirty-seven times

Com.: See Josh 20:4.

̇‫̇לז‬

Mp

2 KINGS

285

2 KINGS 18:27 ‫ל־ה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֣רים ָה ֵ ֑א ֶלּה ֲה ֣ל ֹא ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֗קה ַה ֨ ַﬠל ֲאד ֶֹנ֤י� וְ ֵא ֨ ֶל ֙י� ְשׁ ָל ַ ֣חנִ י ֲאד ֔ ִֹני ְל ַד ֵ ֖בּר ֶא‬ ָ ‫יהם ַר‬ ֶ֜ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫יהם וְ ִל ְשׁ ֛תּוֹת ֶאת־ ֵ ֽשׁיַ נְ יֵ ֶ ֖הם ִﬠ ָמּ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ָ֗ ‫ל־הח ָֹ֔מה ֶל ֱא ֣כֹל ֶאת־ח ָֹר‬ ֣ ַ ‫ים ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫ַה ֹֽיּ ְשׁ ִב‬ 18:27

‫ַה ֨ ַﬠל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:27; Neh 2:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this form accented milraʿ, to distinguish them from its eight occurrences accented milʿêl; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §8X.

At Neh 2:19 the Mp, which reads twice accented (milraʿ), contains the catchword ‫)אד ֹנֶ י�( אדניך‬ ֲ referring the reader back to this verse. This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of interrogatives preceding words beginning with ‫ א‬or ‫ ;ע‬see the Mm at Isa 36:12 sub ‫ה ֶאל‬.ַ The other is in a Masoretic list of doublets that begin with ‫( ַה‬here and Neh 2:19); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65. 18:27

�‫וְ ֵא ֶלי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 4:7; 2 Kgs 18:27; Isa 36:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) without a cj.

The Mm heading at Gen 4:7 reads three times and plene indicating that the lemma does not appear elsewhere written defective as, for example, is the case with other forms of this preposition ‫א ָלו‬, ֵ ‫א ֵל ֶכם‬, ֲ ‫א ֵל ֶהם‬, ֲ and ‫וַ ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬. 18:27

Five times 1–5

‫ל־ה ֲאנָ ִשׁים‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Exod 5:9; 2 Kgs 18:27; Isa 36:12; Zeph 1:12; 1 Chr 19:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with ‫ ;) ֶאל ָה ֲאנָ ִשׁים( ֶאל‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §280, no 106.

286

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

18:27

‫יהם‬ ָ ‫ח ָֹר‬

Read ‫צוֹא ָתם‬ ָ

‫צואתם ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)חריהם‬, and the qərê (‫)צוֹא ָתם‬ ָ both meaning their excrement are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations, where the reader is enjoined to substitute the kəṯîḇ because it was thought to be too coarse; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 86. 18:27

‫ֵשׁיַ נְ יֵ ֶהם‬

Read ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ימי ַרגְ ֵל‬ ֵ ‫ֵמ‬

‫מימי רגליהם ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫שיניהם‬, their urine), and the qərê (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ימי ַרגְ ֵל‬ ֵ ‫ ֵמ‬, lit. waters of their legs = their urine) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where the reader is enjoined to substitute the kəṯîḇ because it was thought to be too coarse; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 86.

2 KINGS 18:28 ‫ר־ה ֶ ֥מּ ֶל� ַהגָּ ֖דוֹל ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ַא ֽשּׁוּר׃‬ ַ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֛ﬠוּ ְדּ ַב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוּדית וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר וַ ֔יּ‬ ֑ ִ ְ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֔קה וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֥רא ְבקוֹל־גָּ ֖דוֹל י‬ ָ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠמ ֹ֙ד ַר‬ 18:28

‫הוּדית‬ ִ ְ‫י‬

Seven times

1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 26:34; 2 Kgs 18:26; 18:28; Isa 36:11; 36:13 Neh 13:24; 2 Chr 32:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma with a fem. ending, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences with a masc. ending (‫הוּדי‬ ִ ְ‫)י‬. 18:28

Four times

‫ַה ֶמּ ֶל� ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:19; 18:28; Isa 36:4; 36:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, a def. the great king, to distinguish them from its three occurrences as an indefin. ‫ ֶמ ֶל� גָּ דוֹל‬a great king.

The Mp headings here and at Isa 36:4 correctly read four times, but the one at Isa 36:13 mistakenly reads five times.

In ML the circellus has been placed on the words �‫ר־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫דּ ַב‬.ְ But since this phrase occurs nine times it is more likely that the circellus should have been placed on ‫ ַה ֶמּ ֶל� ַהגָּ דוֹל‬, which occurs only four times.

2 KINGS

287

2 KINGS 18:29 ‫יוּכל ְל ַה ִ ֥צּיל ֶא ְת ֶ ֖כם ִמיָּ ֽדוֹ׃‬ ַ֔ ‫י־ל ֹא‬ ֣ ‫ֹ֚כּה ָא ַ ֣מר ַה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� ַאל־יַ ִ ֥שּׁיא ָל ֶ ֖כם ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֑הוּ ִכּ‬ 18:29 Five times 1–5

‫יַ ִשּׁיא‬

Mp

‫̇ה‬

2 Kgs 18:29 (‫ ;*)יַ ִשּׁא‬Isa 36:14 (‫ ;)יַ ִשּׁא‬Ps 55:16 (‫יַ ִשּׁי‬, qərê) Ps 89:23 (‫ ;*)יַ ִשּׁיא‬2 Chr 32:15 (‫)יַ ִשּׁיא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this form, two of which are written plene ‫י‬ (Ps 89:23 and 2 Chr 32:15), two written defective ‫( י‬2 Kgs 18:29 and Isa 36:14) and one written defective ‫( א‬Ps 55:16).

*ML, contrary to M (‫)יַ ִשּׁא‬, reads the lemma here plene ‫ ;)יַ ִשּׁיא( י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 132. On the other hand, contra M (‫)יַ ִשּׁיא‬, it reads Ps 89: 23 defective ‫ ;)יַ ִשּׁא( י‬see ibid, 262.

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 32:15 (‫ )יַ ִשּׁיא‬reads five times, twice plene, which conforms to the text of M, rather than ML.

Both MC and MA read here ‫יַ ִשּׁא‬. The Mp at MA reads twice defective (for the forms here and at Isa 36:14), whereas that at MC reads, as ML, five times.

2 KINGS 18:30 ‫ת־ה ִ ֣ﬠיר ַה ֔זּ ֹאת ְבּ ַי֖ד ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ַא ֽשּׁוּר׃‬ ָ ‫תן ֶא‬ ֙ ֵ ָ‫הו֑ה וְ ֤ל ֹא ִתנּ‬ ָ ְ‫מר ַה ֵ ֥צּל יַ ִצּ ֵיל֖נוּ י‬ ֹ ֔ ‫הו֣ה ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫הוּ ֶאל־י‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַאל־יַ ְב ַ֨טח ֶא ְת ֶכ֤ם ִחזְ ִק ָ֨יּ‬ 18:30

‫יַ ְב ַטח‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:30; Isa 36:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passagaes in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) in the qal (‫)יִ ְב ַטח‬.

This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mp and Mm notes here in MA, which read twice with paṯaḥ (‫)ב‬ ַ֗ and (‫פת‬ ̇ ‫) ̇ב‬, thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel under the ‫י‬, which can only be a ḥîreq (and thus a qal). MC has no note here.

288

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

18:30

‫וְ לֹא ִתנָּ ֵתן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:30; Jer 39:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a cj., one of which occurs in the parallel passage at Isa 36:15.

2 KINGS 18:31 ‫וּצ ֣אוּ ֵא ֔ ַלי וְ ִא ְכל֤ וּ ִאישׁ־גַּ ְפ ֙נוֹ וְ ִ ֣אישׁ‬ ְ ‫וּ־א ִ ֤תּי ְב ָר ָכ ֙ה‬ ִ ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֑הוּ ִכּי֩ ֨כֹה ָא ַ֜מר ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ַא ֗שּׁוּר ֲﬠ ֽשׂ‬ ִ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ְמ ֖ﬠוּ ֶא‬ ִ ‫ַ ֽא‬ ‫י־בוֹרוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫וּשׁ ֖תוּ ִ ֥אישׁ ֵ ֽמ‬ ְ ‫ְתּ ֵ ֽאנָ ֔תוֹ‬ 18:31

‫בוֹרוֹ‬

Twice, once plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:31 (‫ ;*)בֹרוֹ‬Isa 36:16 (‫)בוֹרוֹ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene first ‫ ו‬in the parallel passage at Isa 36:16, and one written defective first ‫( ו‬here).

*ML, contrary to M (‫)בֹרוֹ‬, writes the lemma here plene first ‫ ;)בוֹרוֹ( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 132. Nevertheless, the Mp note here and at Isa 36:16, which reads unique plene, is only understandable with the text of M.

Both MC and MA read here ‫בֹרוֹ‬. The Mp at MA correctly unique defective, and the Mp at MC more expansively also correctly reads: twice, once defective, and once plene.

2 KINGS 18:32 ‫וּכ ָר ִ֗מים ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ֵז֤ית יִ ְצ ָה ֙ר ְוּד ַ֔בשׁ‬ ְ ‫ירוֹשׁ ֶ ֧א ֶרץ ֶל ֶ֣חם‬ ֜ ‫ל־א ֶרץ ְכּ ַא ְר ְצ ֶ֗כם ֶא ֶרץ֩ ָדּ ֨ ָגן וְ ִת‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַﬠד־בּ ִֹאי֩ וְ ָל ַק ְח ִ֨תּי ֶא ְת ֶ֜כם ֶא‬ ‫ילנוּ׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫הו֖ה יַ ִצּ‬ ָ ְ‫מר י‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ל־חזְ ִק ָ֔יּהוּ ִ ֽכּי־יַ ִ ֤סּית ֶא ְת ֶכ ֙ם ֵלא‬ ִ ‫עוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ְמ‬ ִ ‫ִ ֽו ְחי֖ וּ וְ ֣ל ֹא ָת ֻ ֑מתוּ וְ ַ ֽא‬ 18:32

‫זֵ ית יִ ְצ ָהר‬

Unique 18:32

‫וִ ְחיוּ‬

Seven times 1–5 6–8

Mp

‫̇ל‬

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 42:18; 2 Kgs 18:32; Jer 27:12; 27:17; Ezek 18:32 Amos 5:4; 5:6; Prov 9:6

2 KINGS

289

Com.: The heading of the Mp here of seven times is incorrect since there are eight occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma pointed this way, to distinguish them from its two forms pointed as ‫ וְ ָחיוּ‬at Num 4:19 and Zech 10:9; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ח‬, §172.

In their Thesaurus, Dotan/Reich suggest two ways in which this number might be explained: (1) that Amos 5:4 and 5:6 were originally taken as one reference because of the closely associated catchwords (‫ ִדּ ְרשׁוּנִ י‬and ‫;)דּ ְרשׁוּ‬ ִ (2) that the seven includes only the seven references in Prophets and Writings (thus excluding Gen 42:18); see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 18:36 ‫מר ֥ל ֹא ַת ֲﬠ ֻנֽהוּ׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫י־מ ְצ ַ֨ות ַה ֶ ֥מּ ֶל� ִ ֛היא ֵלא‬ ִ ‫א־ﬠנ֥ וּ א ֹ֖תוֹ ָדּ ָ ֑בר ִכּ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ֶה ֱח ִ ֣רישׁוּ ָה ֔ ָﬠם וְ ֽל‬ 18:36

‫וְ ֶה ֱח ִרישׁוּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, to distinguish it from its two occurrences of the form ‫ וַ יַּ ֲח ִרישׁוּ‬at Isa 36:21 and Neh 5:8. 18:36

‫ַת ֲﬠנֻ הוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:36; Isa 36:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 36:21.

2 KINGS 18:37 ‫רוּﬠ֣י ְבגָ ִ ֑דים‬ ֵ ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֖הוּ ְק‬ ִ ‫ן־א ָ ֧סף ַה ַמּזְ ִ ֛כּיר ֶא‬ ָ ‫יוֹאח ֶבּ‬ ָ֨ ְ‫ל־ה ַבּיִ ת וְ ֶשׁ ְב ֨ ָנא ַהסּ ֜ ֵֹפר ו‬ ַ ֠ ‫ר־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫ן־ח ְל ִקיָּ ֣ה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ ‫וַ יָּ ֣ב ֹא ֶא ְליָ ִ ֣ קים ֶבּ‬ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֽ קה׃‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ִגּ֣דוּ ֔לוֹ ִדּ ְב ֵ ֖רי ַר‬ 18:37

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:37; 22:8; 22:10; 22:12; Jer 29:3 1 Chr 5:39a; 5:39b (‫ ;)וְ ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬6:30; 9:11; 2 Chr 35:8 All Ezra-Neh

290

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma written with the divine element ‫יָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous (19x) occurrences written with the divine element ‫)ח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ( יָ הוּ‬. ִ

The five occurrences in Ezra-Neh (Ezra 7:1; Neh 8:4, ‫ ;וְ ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬11:11; 12:7; 12:21, ‫)ל ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬ ְ are treated as one reference. Some Mp headings (1 Chr 5:39a, 6:30 and 9:11) exclude the Ezra-Neh references in their count and read ten times and similarly all Ezra-Neh. The heading at 1 Chr 9:11 of seven times is a graphic error of ‫ ז‬seven for ‫ י‬for ten.

18:37

‫רוּﬠי‬ ֵ ‫ְק‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 18:37; Isa 36:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its occurrence written defective ‫)ק ֻר ֵﬠי( ו‬ ְ at 2 Sam 13:31. 18:37

‫וַ יַּ גִּ דוּ‬

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 26:32; 45:26; 2 Kgs 7:15; 18:37

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written defective second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (23x) written plene second ‫)וַ יַּ גִּ ידוּ( י‬.

This enumeration does not include the seventeen occurrences of this lemma in Judges (3x) and Samuel (14x). The Mp heading at Gen 45:26 four times and similarly all Judges and Samuel, apart from two.

The Mm heading to Gen 26:32 reads four times, but at the end of the listings the note adds and similarly all occurrences and Samuel apart from two (1 Sam 11:9 and 14:33).

2 KINGS

291

2 KINGS 19:1 ‫הוה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ת־בּגָ ָ ֑דיו וַ יִּ ְת ַכּ֣ס ַבּ ָ֔שּׂק וַ יָּ ֖ב ֹא ֵ ֥בּית י‬ ְ ‫מ ַ ֙� ַה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ִחזְ ִק ָ֔יּהוּ וַ יִּ ְק ַ ֖רע ֶא‬ ֹ ֨ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִכּ ְשׁ‬ 19:1

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַכּס ַבּ ָשּׂק‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:1; Isa 37:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:1.

2 KINGS 19:2 ‫ל־ה ַ֜בּיִ ת וְ ֶשׁ ְב ָנ֣א ַהסּ ֗ ֵֹפר וְ ֵא ֙ת זִ ְק ֵנ֣י ַה ֽכֹּ ֲה ֔ ִנים ִמ ְת ַכּ ִ ֖סּים ַבּ ַשּׂ ִ ֑קּים ֶאל־יְ ַ ֽשׁ ְﬠ ָי֥הוּ‬ ַ ‫ר־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫ת־א ְליָ ִ֨קים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֶ ‫ַו֠יִּ ְשׁ ַלח ֶא‬ ‫ן־א ֽמוֹץ׃‬ ָ ‫ַהנָּ ִ ֖ביא ֶבּ‬ 19:2

‫וְ ֵאת זִ ְקנֵ י‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Sam 17:15.

2 KINGS 19:3 ‫ד־מ ְשׁ ֵ֔בּר וְ ֥כֹ ַ� ַ ֖איִ ן‬ ַ ‫ים ַﬠ‬ ֙ ִ‫תוֹכ ָ ֛חה וּנְ ָא ָ ֖צה ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֑ה ִ ֣כּי ָ ֤באוּ ָבנ‬ ֵ ְ‫יוֹם־צ ָ ֧רה ו‬ ָ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֵא ֗ ָליו ֹ֚כּה ָא ַ ֣מר ִחזְ ִק ָ֔יּהוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ְל ֵל ָ ֽדה׃‬ 19:3

‫תוֹכ ָחה‬ ֵ ְ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:3; Isa 37:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with a ‫ו‬ cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Hos 5:9.

‫‪292‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וְ כ ַֹ� אַיִ ן‬

‫‪19:3‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 19:3; Isa 37:3‬‬

‫‪Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel‬‬ ‫‪passage at Isa 37:3.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 19:4‬‬ ‫�הים ַ֔חי‬ ‫�־א ֤שּׁוּר ׀ ֲאד ֹנָ ֙יו ְל ָח ֵר ֙ף ֱא ִ ֣‬ ‫ב־שׁ ֵ ֗קה ֲא ֶשׁר֩ ְשׁ ָל ֨חוֹ ֶ ֽמ ֶל ַ‬ ‫ל־דּ ְב ֵ ֣רי ַר ָ‬ ‫�הי� ֵ ֣את ׀ ָכּ ִ‬ ‫הוה ֱא ֶ֜‬ ‫אוּלי יִ ְשׁ ַמ ֩ע יְ ָ֨‬ ‫ַ֡‬ ‫את ְת ִפ ֔ ָלּה ְבּ ַ ֥ﬠד ַה ְשּׁ ֵא ִ ֖רית ַהנִּ ְמ ָצ ָ ֽאה׃‬ ‫�הי� וְ נָ ָ ֣שׂ ָ‬ ‫הו֣ה ֱא ֶ ֑‬ ‫י� ַבּ ְדּ ָב ִ ֔רים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָשׁ ַ ֖מע יְ ָ‬ ‫הוֹכ ַ ֙‬ ‫וְ ִ֨‬

‫קדמייה‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬ ‫מלכים‬ ‫אולי ישמע יהוה אלהיך את כל דברי רב שקה‬ ‫הטה יהוה אזנך ושמע פקח יהוה עיניך‬ ‫וראה ושמע את דברי סנחריב‬

‫ֶאת ָכּל‬

‫‪19:4‬‬

‫‪The first case‬‬ ‫‪Kings‬‬ ‫)את ָכּל( ‪2 Kgs 19:4‬‬ ‫ֶ‬ ‫)את( ‪2 Kgs 19:16‬‬ ‫ֶ‬

‫וחד פסוק סימנם‬ ‫ואת השלחן ואת כל כליו‬

‫‪One verse is the sîman‬‬ ‫)וְ ֶאת ָכּל‪ֶ ...‬את( ‪Exod 30:27‬‬

‫תיניני̇‬ ‫ישעיה‬ ‫אולי ישמע יהוה אלהיך את דברי רבשקה‬

‫‪The second case‬‬ ‫‪Isaiah‬‬ ‫)את( ‪Isa 37:4‬‬ ‫ֶ‬

‫הטה יהוה אזנך ושמע פקח יהוה עינך‬ ‫וראה ושמע את כל דברי סנחריב‬ ‫וחד פסוק סימנ̇‬ ‫ואת השלחן )ואת כל כליו( ]ואת כליו[‬ ‫ואת המנרה הטהרה ואת כל כליה‬

‫——————————‬

‫) ֶאת ָכּל( ‪Isa 37:17‬‬ ‫‪One verse is the sîman‬‬ ‫)וְ ֶאת‪...‬וְ ֶאת ָכּל( ‪Exod 31:8‬‬

2 KINGS

293

Com.: The Masorah compares two sets of two parallel phrases containing the sequence ‫ֶאת‬ and ‫ ֶאת ָכּל‬, one set consisting of 2 Kgs 19:4 and 19:16, and the other set consisting of Isa 34:4 and 34:17, and notes their differences by means of a third-verse sîman.

The first third-verse sîman, that of Exod 30:27, indicates the order of the sequence ‫ ֶאת ָכּל‬and ‫ ֶאת‬in the two passages in Kings, and the second third-verse sîman, that of Exod 31:8, indicates the reverse order of ‫ ֶאת‬and ‫ ֶאת ָכּל‬in the parallel passages in Isaiah.

For ease of reference we have placed the phrases ‫ קדמייה‬the first case and ̇‫ תיניני‬the second case at the beginning of their respective notes though in the ms. they occur at the end of their notes.

2 KINGS 19:6 ‫שׁר ָשׁ ַ֗מ ְﬠ ָתּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ים ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ל־תּ ָיר ֙א ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֤י ַה ְדּ ָב ִר‬ ִ ‫הוה ַא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ל־א ֽד ֹנֵ ֶיכ֑ם ֣כֹּה ׀ ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ ֲ ‫ֹאמ ֖רוּן ֶא‬ ְ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם יְ ַ ֽשׁ ְﬠ ָ֔יהוּ ֥כֹּה ת‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫�־א ֖שּׁוּר א ִ ֹֽתי׃‬ ַ ‫ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר גִּ ְדּ ֛פוּ נַ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥רי ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 19:6

‫אמר ָל ֶהם‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twenty-four times

Com.: See Josh 4:5. 19:6

‫ֹאמרוּן‬ ְ ‫ת‬

Nine times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

‫̇ט‬

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 11:9. 19:6

‫גִּ ְדּפוּ‬

Three times

2 Kgs 19:6; Isa 37:6; Ezek 20:27

294

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 19:7 ‫מוּﬠה וְ ָ ֣שׁב ְל ַא ְר ֑צוֹ וְ ִה ַפּ ְל ִ ֥תּיו ַבּ ֶ ֖ח ֶרב ְבּ ַא ְר ֽצוֹ׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫בּוֹ ֔ר ַוּ� וְ ָשׁ ַ ֥מע ְשׁ‬ ֙ ‫ִהנְ ֨ ִני נ ֵ ֹ֥תן‬

19:7

‫וְ ִה ַפּ ְל ִתּיו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:7; Isa 37:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:7.

2 KINGS 19:9 ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֖הוּ ֵלא‬ ִ ‫מר ִה ֵנּ֥ה יָ ָ ֖צא ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֣חם ִא ָ ֑תּ� וַ ָ֨יּ ָשׁ ֙ב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח ַמ ְל ָא ִ֔כים ֶא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ך־כּוּשׁ ֵלא‬ ֙ ‫ל־תּ ְר ָ ֤ה ָקה ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ֗מע ֶא‬ 19:9 Unique

‫ל־תּ ְר ָה ָקה‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

——————————

In Kings (2 Kgs 19:9) ‫דמלכים‬ ‫ל־תּ ְר ָה ָקה‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬ ‫אל תרהקה‬ ‫ִהנֵּ ה יָ ָצא‬ ‫הנה יצא‬ ‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח‬ ‫וישב וישלח‬ In Isaiah (Isa 37:9) ‫ל־תּ ְר ָה ָקה‬ ִ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫יָ ָצא‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח‬

Mm

‫דישעיה‬ ‫על תרהקה‬ ‫חס הנה‬ ̇ ‫וישמע וישלח‬

Com.: The Masorah compares two parallel verses, one in Kings (2 Kgs 19:9) and one in Isaiah (Isa 37:9) and indicates three areas of differences in the verses. The first is that Kings reads ‫ל־תּ ְר ָה ָקה‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֶ whereas Isaiah has ‫ל־תּ ְר ָה ָקה‬ ִ ‫ﬠ‬. ַ

The second is that Kings reads ‫ ִהנֵּ ה יָ ָצא‬, whereas Isaiah just reads ‫ יָ ָצא‬without ‫( ִהנֵּ ה‬indicated in the note by ‫חס הנה‬ ̇ , that is, lacking ‫)הנֵּ ה‬. ִ

2 KINGS

295

The third point of difference is that Kings reads ‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח‬, whereas Isaiah reads ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח‬.

The first part of the note is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring once with ‫אל‬, ֶ and once with ‫;ﬠל‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §2.

2 KINGS 19:10 ‫תן‬ ֙ ֵ ָ‫מר ֤ל ֹא ִתנּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫�הי� ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַא ָ ֛תּה בּ ֵ ֹ֥ט ַ� ֖בּוֹ ֵלא‬ ֶ֔ ‫מר ַאל־יַ ִשּׁ ֲא�֣ ֱא‬ ֹ ֔ ‫הוּד ֙ה ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֤הוּ ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ִ ‫ֹאמ ֗רוּן ֶא‬ ְ ‫֣כֹּה ת‬ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם ְבּ ַי֖ד ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ַא ֽשּׁוּר׃‬ ָ ‫יְ ֣ר‬ 19:10

‫ֹאמרוּן‬ ְ ‫ת‬

Nine times

Mp

‫̇ט‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 11:9. 19:10

�‫יַ ִשּׁ ֲא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:10; Isa 37:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:10.

2 KINGS 19:12 ‫אשּׂר׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫י־ﬠ ֶדן ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִבּ ְת ַל‬ ֖ ֶ ֵ‫וּבנ‬ ְ ‫ת־ח ָ ֑רן וְ ֶ ֥ר ֶצף‬ ָ ‫ת־גּוֹז֖ ן וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫בוֹתי ֶא‬ ַ֔ ‫שׁר ִשׁ ֲח ֣תוּ ֲא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�הי ַהגּוֹיִ ֙ם ֲא‬ ֤ ֵ ‫ַה ִה ִ֨צּילוּ א ָֹ֜תם ֱא‬ 19:12

‫בוֹתי‬ ַ ‫ֲא‬

Seven times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 21:4. 19:12

Four times

‫ֶﬠ ֶדן‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Mp

2 Kgs 19:12; Isa 37:12; Ezek 27:23 (‫ ;)וָ ֶﬠ ֶדן‬Amos 1:5

296

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in various forms with a səḡôl under the ‫ע‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) in various forms written with a ṣerê (e.g., ‫)ﬠ ֶדן‬. ֵ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur four times, three times without a ‫ו‬ cj., and once with a cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §15. In ML the circellus has been placed here and in Isa 37:12 on the phrase ‫י־ﬠ ֶדן‬ ֶ ֵ‫וּבנ‬, ְ but since this phrase occcurs only twice it is most likely that note refers solely to ‫ﬠ ֶדן‬, ֶ which does occur four times. 19:12

‫אשּׂר‬ ָ ‫ִבּ ְת ַל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:12; Isa 37:12 (‫)בּ ְת ַל ָשּׂר‬ ִ ——————————

‫אשּׂר‬ ָ ‫ ִבּ ְת ַל‬twice, once plene, and once defective

‫י־ﬠ ֶדן ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ֶ ֵ‫וּבנ‬ ְ ‫ וְ ֶר ֶצף‬of Kings (2 Kgs 19:12) And its companion in Isaiah (Isa 37:12) ‫ ִבּ ְת ַל ָשּׂר‬is written

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫בתלאשר ̇ב חד‬

Mm

‫ורצף ובני עדן אשר דמלכים‬ ‫וחבירו דישעיה‬ ‫בתלשר כתב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( א‬here), and one written defective ‫ א‬in the parallel passage Isa 37:12. The addition of Kings to the catchwords of the 2 Kgs 19:12 is to distinguish this verse from its parallel in Isa 37:12, which writes the lemma ‫אשּׂר‬ ָ ‫ ִבּ ְת ַל‬defective as ‫בּ ְת ַל ָשּׂר‬.ִ

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 216r, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the preceding folio 215v.

2 KINGS 19:14 ‫הוֽה׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫הוה וַ יִּ ְפ ְר ֵ ֥שׂהוּ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֖הוּ ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ת־ה ְסּ ָפ ִ ֛רים ִמיַּ ֥ד ַה ַמּ ְל ָא ִ ֖כים וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵ ֑אם וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠל֙ ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֨קּח ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֧הוּ ֶא‬ 19:14

‫וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵאם‬

In Kings ‫דמלכים‬ Mm 2 Kgs 19:14 (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵאם‬ 2 Kgs 19:23 (�‫) ְבּיַ ד ַמ ְל ָא ֶכי‬

‫ויקראם‬ ‫ביד מלאכיך‬

2 KINGS (In) Isaiah Isa 37:14 Isa 37:24

‫ישעיהו‬ (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵאהוּ‬ (�‫) ְבּיַ ד ֲﬠ ָב ֶדי‬

297

‫ויקראהו‬ ‫ביד עבדיך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes two differences between parallel passages in the books of Kings (in this chapter) and Isaiah (at Isaiah 37). The first difference is that 2 Kgs 19:14 reads ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵאם‬, whereas Isa 37:14 reads ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵאהוּ‬.

The second difference is that 2 Kgs 19:23 reads �‫ ְבּיַ ד ַמ ְל ָא ֶכי‬, whereas Isa 37:24 reads ‫ְבּיַ ד‬ �‫ﬠ ָב ֶדי‬. ֲ

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 216r, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the preceding folio 215v.

2 KINGS 19:15 ‫ים ְל ַב ְדּ ֔� ְל ֖כֹל‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ה־הוּא ָ ֽה ֱא‬ ֤ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ י ֵ ֹ֣שׁב ַה ְכּ ֻר ִ֔בים ַא ָתּ‬ ֤ ֵ ‫הוה ֱא‬ ָ֞ ְ‫אמר֒ י‬ ַ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֨ ֵלּל ִחזְ ִק ָ֜יּהוּ ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י יְ הוָ ֮ה וַ יּ‬ ‫ת־ה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ָשּׁ ַ ֖מיִ ם וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ית ֶא‬ ָ ‫ַמ ְמ ְל ֣כוֹת ָה ָ ֑א ֶרץ ַא ָ ֣תּה ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ 19:15

‫ַה ְכּ ֻר ִבים‬

Twelve times defective and similarly in all the Torah Com.: See 1 Sam 4:4. 19:15

Mp

‫ת־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬

Thirteen times 1–5 6–10 11–13

‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫אור‬ ̇ ‫חס וכל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 1:1; Exod 20:11; 31:17; Deut 4:26; 30:19 Deut 31:28; 2 Kgs 19:15; Isa 37:16; Jer 23:24; 32:17 Hag 2:6; 2:21; 2 Chr 2:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirteen occurrences when ‫ ַה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם‬and ‫ ָה ָא ֶרץ‬are both preceded by ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from the two occurrences when they are not (‫ ) ַה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם וְ ָה ָא ֶרץ‬at Gen 2:1 and 2:4.

In ML only one circellus has been placed here, and at Deut 30:19 and 31:28, over the phrase ‫ת־ה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם‬ ַ ‫ ֶא‬but, since this phrase occurs seventeen times (in the above list plus Deut 11:17; 28:12; Hos 2:23, and Neh 9:6), it is most likely that the note refers to the full phrase ‫ֶאת־‬ ‫ת־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ ַה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם וְ ֶא‬which does occur only thirteen times, the catchwords of which are listed in the Mm at Hag 2:21.

298

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 19:16

‫�הים ָ ֽחי׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫שׁר ְשׁ ָל ֔חוֹ ְל ָח ֵ ֖רף ֱא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וּשׁ ַ֗מע ֵ ֚את ִדּ ְב ֵ ֣רי ַסנְ ֵח ִ ֔ריב ֲא‬ ְ ‫הו֛ה ֵﬠ ֶינ֖י� ְוּר ֵ ֑אה‬ ָ ְ‫הו֤ה ׀ ָאזְ נְ ֙� וּֽ ֲשׁ ָ֔מע ְפּ ַ ֧ קח י‬ ָ ְ‫ַה ֵ֨טּה י‬ 19:16

� ְ‫ָאזְ נ‬

Thirteen times

1–5 6–10 11–13

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

2 Kgs 19:16; Isa 37:17; Ps 17:6; 31:3; 71:2 Ps 86:1; 88:3; Prov 22:17; Ruth 4:4; Lam 3:56 Dan 9:18; Neh 1:6; 1:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirteen occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫נ‬, to distinguish them from its eight occurrences pointed with a səḡôl (� ֶ‫)אזְ נ‬. ָ 19:16

Five times 1–5

‫וּשׁ ָמע‬ ֲ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Num 23:18; Deut 5:27; 2 Kgs 19:16; Isa 37:17 (‫;)וּשׁ ָמע‬ ְ Dan 9:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with a paṯaḥ (‫)וּשׁ ַמע‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading of Num 23:18, which reads five times with qameṣ (‫)ה‬ ָ thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel under the ‫מ‬, which can only be a paṯaḥ.

2 KINGS 19:17 ‫ת־א ְר ָ ֽצם׃‬ ַ ‫ת־הגּוֹיִ ֖ם וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה ֶה ֱח ִ ֜ריבוּ ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי ַא ֛שּׁוּר ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ָא ְמ ָנ֖ם י‬ 19:17 Three times

‫ת־אַר ָצם‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 10:42.

2 KINGS

299

2 KINGS 19:18 ‫י־א ָ ֛דם ֵ ֥ﬠץ וָ ֶ ֖א ֶבן ַוֽ יְ ַא ְבּ ֽדוּם׃‬ ָ ‫ם־מ ֲﬠ ֵ ֧שׂה יְ ֵ ֽד‬ ַ ‫�הים ֵ֗ה ָמּה ִ ֣כּי ִא‬ ִ֜ ‫יהם ָבּ ֵ ֑אשׁ ִכּי֩ ֨ל ֹא ֱא‬ ֖ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫וְ נָ ְתנ֥ וּ ֶא‬ 19:18

‫אַבּדוּם‬ ְ ְ‫וַ י‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:18; Isa 37:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:19.

2 KINGS 19:19 ‫�הים ְל ַב ֶ ֽדּ�׃ ס‬ ֖ ִ ‫הו֥ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫ל־מ ְמ ְל ֣כוֹת ָה ָ֔א ֶרץ ִ ֥כּי ַא ָ ֛תּה י‬ ַ ‫עוּ ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫יﬠנוּ ָנ֖א ִמיָּ ֑דוֹ וְ ֵי ְֽ ד‬ ֥ ֵ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ִ ‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ֔ ‫הו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה י‬ 19:19

‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָתּה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 19;19; Isa 37:20; Dan 9:15 (‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ ‫)וְ ַﬠ ָתּה ֲאד ֹנָ י ֱא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the 1st pers. pl. sfx., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this sfx. (‫וְ ַﬠ ָתּה יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫)א‬. ֱ

In ML only one circellus has been placed on ‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬but, since this phrase occurs many more than three times, it is most likely that, with MA, the note should include the previous word ‫ וְ ַﬠ ָתּה‬since the longer phrase ‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ וְ ַﬠ ָתּה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬only occurs three times. 19:19

‫וְ יֵ ְדעוּ‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 17:46. 19:19

Mp

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬

Five times written (this way) in the Prophets Com.: See 2 Sam 7:25.

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫כת‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

300

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 19:20

‫ל־סנְ ֵח ִ ֥רב‬ ַ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ִה ְת ַפּ ַלּ ְ֧ל ָתּ ֵא ַל֛י ֶא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא‬ ָ ֹ‫מר ֽכּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֖הוּ ֵלא‬ ִ ‫ן־א ֔מוֹץ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל ֙ח יְ ַ ֽשׁ ְﬠ ָי֣הוּ ֶב‬ ‫�־א ֖שּׁוּר ָשׁ ָ ֽמ ְﬠ ִתּי׃‬ ַ ‫ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 19:20

‫ַסנְ ֵח ִרב‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) written plene ‫)סנְ ֵח ִריב( י‬. ַ

2 KINGS 19:21 ‫רוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ְ‫יﬠה ַ ֖בּת י‬ ָ ‫ת־ציּ֔ וֹן ַא ֲח ֶ ֨ר ֙י� ֣ר ֹאשׁ ֵה ֔ ִנ‬ ִ ‫תוּל ֙ת ַבּ‬ ַ ‫הו֖ה ָﬠ ָל֑יו ָבּ ָ֨זה ְל ֜� ָל ֲﬠ ָג֣ה ְל ֗� ְבּ‬ ָ ְ‫ר־דּ ֶ ֥בּר י‬ ִ ‫ֶז֣ה ַה ָדּ ָ֔בר ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 19:21

‫ָבּזָ ה‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Num 15:31; 2 Kgs 19:21; Isa 37:22; Ezek 17:16; 17:19 Ps 22:25; 69:34; 102:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma. The additional notes to the Mm at Isa 37:22 and Ps 69:34 also mention that this lemma occurs once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּבזָ ה‬ ָ at Ezek 17:18.

2 KINGS 19:22 ‫ל־ק ֥דוֹשׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ‫וֹת ֑קּוֹל וַ ִתּ ָ ֥שּׂא ָמ ֛רוֹם ֵﬠ ֶינ֖י� ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ימ‬ ֣ ‫ל־מי ֲה ִר‬ ֖ ִ ‫ת־מי ֵח ַ ֨ר ְפ ָ֙תּ וְ גִ ַ ֔דּ ְפ ָתּ וְ ַﬠ‬ ֤ ִ ‫ֶא‬ 19:22 Four times

‫ל־מי‬ ִ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

1 Sam 17:28; 2 Kgs 19:22; Isa 37:23; Job 25:3 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ל־מי‬ ִ ‫ וְ ַﬠ‬four times, and their references 2 Kgs 19:22 And its companion (Isa 37:23) 1 Sam 17:28 Job 25:3

‫ועל מי ̇ד וסימנהון‬

301 Mm

‫הרימות‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫נטשת‬ ‫אורהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj. 19:22

‫ימוֹת‬ ָ ‫ֲה ִר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:22; Isa 37:23 (‫ימוֹתה‬ ָ ‫;)ה ִר‬ ֲ Ps 89:43

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, two are written defective ‫ה‬ (here and Ps 89:43), and one is written plene ‫( ה‬Isa 37:23).

The Mp heading at Isa 37:23 reads twice, but the note there may involve the phrase ‫ימוֹת‬ ָ ‫ֲה ִר‬ ‫קוֹל‬, which only occurs twice; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. 19:22

‫ל־קדוֹשׁ‬ ְ ‫ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:22; Isa 31:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ְקדוֹשׁ‬with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with ‫ל־קדוֹשׁ( ֶאל‬ ְ ‫)א‬, ֶ one of which occurs in the parallel text Isa 37:23.

This lemma is also featured in a Masoretic list of doublets beginning with ‫;ﬠל‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §87, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156D.

2 KINGS 19:23 ‫קוֹמת ֲא ָרזָ ֙יו‬ ֤ ַ ‫יתי ְמ ֥רוֹם ָה ִ ֖רים יַ ְר ְכּ ֵ ֣תי ְל ָבנ֑ וֹן וְ ֶא ְכ ֞ר ֹת‬ ִ ‫אמר ְבּ ֥ר ֹכב ִר ְכ ִ ֛בּי ֲא ִ ֥ני ָﬠ ִ ֛ל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫י� ֵח ַ ֣ר ְפ ָתּ ׀ ֲאד ֹנָ י֒ וַ ֗תּ‬ ֮ ‫ְבּ ַי֣ד ַמ ְל ָא ֶכ‬ ‫וֹא ֙ה ְמל֣ וֹן ִק ֔צֹּה ַי ַ֖ﬠר ַכּ ְר ִמ ֽלּוֹ׃‬ ָ ‫ִמ ְב ֣חוֹר ְבּר ָֹ֔שׁיו וְ ָא ֨ב‬ 19:23

Read ‫ְבּר ֹב‬

‫ְבּר ֹכב‬ ‫ברב ̇ק‬

Mp

302

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ברכב‬, with a chariot), and the qərê (‫בּר ֹב‬,ְ with much) represent variant forms where the qərê is preferable to the kəṯîḇ; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 152. 19:23

‫וְ ֶא ְכר ֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:23; Isa 37:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with a ‫ו‬ cj., to distinguish it from its four occurrences without a cj. 19:23

‫ִמ ְבחוֹר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

19:23

‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ‫וְ ָא‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 3:19.

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 29:21; 2 Kgs 19:23; Ps 43:4; 2 Chr 1:10 —————————— ‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ‫ וְ ָא‬four times

Gen 29:21 2 Kgs 19:23 Ps 43:4 2 Chr 1:10

‫ואבואה ̇ד‬

Mm

‫כי מלאו‬ ‫מלון‬ ‫אל מזבח‬ ‫ואצאה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them form it more numerous occurrences (9x) without this cohortative (‫)וְ ָאבוֹא‬.

The additional notes to the Mm at Gen 29:21 and Ps 43:4 also mention that this lemma occurs once without a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)אב ָֹאה‬ ָ at Judg 15:1.

According to Ginsburg (4, ‫ב‬, §129), in fixing the instances with ‫ ו‬cj. at five, the Masorah militates against the ancient reading here of ‫בוֹאה‬ ָ ‫( וָ ָא‬see BHS, ad loc).

2 KINGS 19:23

‫ְמלוֹן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

303

Mp

2 Kgs 19:23; Jer 9:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the cstr., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the absol. (‫)מלוֹן‬ ָ at Isa 10:29. 19:23

‫ִקצֹּה‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 19:23; Isa 37:24 (‫;)קצּוֹ‬ ִ Dan 11:45 (‫)קצּוֹ‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, two are written with a ‫( ו‬Isa 37:24 and Dan 11:45) and one with a ‫( ה‬here). MC and MA have a kəṯîḇ (‫ )קצה‬and qərê (‫)קצּוֹ‬ ִ here, see also BHS ad loc.

2 KINGS 19:24 ‫ף־פּ ָﬠ ַ֔מי ֖כֹּל יְ א ֵ ֹ֥רי ָמ ֽצוֹר׃‬ ְ ‫יתי ַ ֣מיִ ם זָ ִ ֑רים וְ ַא ְח ִר ֙ב ְבּ ַכ‬ ִ ‫ֲא ִנ֣י ַ ֔ק ְר ִתּי וְ ָשׁ ִ ֖ת‬ 19:24

‫אַח ִרב‬ ְ ְ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:24; Isa 37:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:25. The heading for the Mm at Isa 37:25 reads twice and defective (‫)י‬, thus implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫י‬.

304

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 19:25

‫וּת ִ֗הי ַל ְה ֛שׁוֹת גַּ ִ ֥לּים נִ ִ ֖צּים ָﬠ ִ ֥רים‬ ְ ‫יה‬ ָ ‫יאת‬ ִ֗ ‫יה ַﬠ ָ ֣תּה ֲה ֵב‬ ָ ‫יצ ְר ִ ֑תּ‬ ַ ‫ימי ֶ ֖ק ֶדם ִ ֽו‬ ֵ ‫יתי ְל ִ ֥מ‬ ִ ‫חוֹק א ָ ֹ֣תהּ ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ ֙ ‫א־שׁ ַ ֤מ ְﬠ ָתּ ְל ֵ ֽמ ָר‬ ָ ֹ ‫ֲה ֽל‬ ‫ְבּ ֻצ ֽרוֹת׃‬ 19:25

‫ְל ֵמ ָרחוֹק‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 7:19. 19:25

‫ימי‬ ֵ ‫ְל ִמ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

2 Kgs 19:25; Mal 3:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its numerous occurrences (18x) without this preposition, one of which occurs in the parallel passage Isa 37:26. 19:25

‫יה‬ ָ ‫יאת‬ ִ ‫ֲה ֵב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:25; Isa 37:26 (‫יה‬ ָ ‫את‬ ִ ‫)ה ֵב‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and Isaiah.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets beginning with ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64. 19:25

‫וּת ִהי‬ ְ

‫וּת ִהי‬ ְ fourteen times 1–5

‫ותהי י̇ ̇ד‬

Mm

Gen 24:51 Lev 15:24 Num 23:10 1 Sam 18:21a Twice in it (1 Sam 18:21b)

‫אשה‬ ‫נדתה‬ ‫אחריתי‬ ‫למוקש‬ ‫̇ב בו‬

2 KINGS 6–10

11–14

1 Sam 18:17 1 Kgs 1:2 2 Kgs 19:25 Isa 30:8 Isa 37:26 Ruth 2:12 Job 6:10 Job 13:5 Job 21:2

305

‫פלשתים‬ ‫סכנת‬ ‫להשות‬ ‫ליום אחרון‬ ‫להשאות‬ ‫משכרתך‬ ‫עוד‬ ‫לכם לחכמה‬ ‫תנחומתיכם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the fourteen occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (87x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וַ ְתּ ִהי‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §18D.

This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mp at Lev 15:24 and Job 6:10 and of the Mm at Gen 24:51, which read fourteen times raṕê, thereby assuming a contrast with forms which are daḡeš, that is, ‫ ו‬consec. forms. 19:25

Unique

‫ַל ְהשׁוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without an ‫א‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with an ‫)ל ַה ְשׁאוֹת( א‬ ְ at Isa 37:26.

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words where an ‫א‬, normally in the word, is omitted; see the Mm to 1 Chr 12:39 sub ‫שׁ ִרית‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §199, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §153. The other is in a list of word pairs, where one of the pairs has an ‫ א‬and the other does not; see the Mm to Gen 44:29 sub ‫וְ ָק ָרהוּ‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §201, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §155. 19:25

Three times

‫נִ ִצּים‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 2:13; 2 Kgs 19:25; Isa 37:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, possibly to protect them from other readings such as ‫ נצורים‬in the Isaiah Qumran scroll in the parallel passage at Isa 37:26; see BHS ad loc.

306

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 19:26 ‫וּשׁ ֵד ָ ֖פה ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י ָק ָ ֽמה׃‬ ְ ‫י־יד ַ ֖חתּוּ וַ יֵּ ֑בֹשׁוּ ָהי֞ וּ ֵ ֤ﬠ ֶשׂב ָשׂ ֶד ֙ה ִו ַ֣ירק ֶ ֔דּ ֶשׁא ֲח ִ ֣ציר גַּ ֔גּוֹת‬ ָ֔ ‫יהן ִק ְצ ֵר‬ ֙ ֶ ‫וְ ֹֽי ְשׁ ֵב‬

19:26

‫יהן‬ ֶ ‫וְ י ְֹשׁ ֵב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:26; Isa 37:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:27. 19:26

‫ַחתּוּ וַ יֵּ בֹשׁוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, to distinguish it from the sole occurrence of the phrase ‫ ַחתּוּ וָ בֹשׁוּ‬in the parallel passage of Isa 37:27. 19:26

‫וַ יֵּ בֹשׁוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:26; Ps 109:28

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its five occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וְ יֵ בֹשׁוּ‬. 19:26

‫ֵﬠ ֶשׂב ָשׂ ֶדה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:26; Isa 37:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences in these parallel passages of ‫ ֵﬠ ֶשׂב‬with ‫שׂ ֶדה‬, ָ to distinguish it from its four occurrences with ‫) ֵﬠ ֶשׂב ַה ָשּׂ ֶדה( ַה ָשּׂ ֶדה‬.

2 KINGS

307

2 KINGS 19:27 ‫את�֥ וּב ֲֹא�֖ יָ ָ ֑ד ְﬠ ִתּי וְ ֵ ֖את ִ ֽה ְת ַרגֶּ זְ �֥ ֵא ָ ֽלי׃‬ ְ ‫וְ ִשׁ ְב ְתּ�֛ וְ ֵצ‬ 19:27

� ְ‫ִה ְת ַרגֶּ ז‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:27; 19:28; Isa 37:28; 37:29

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, two of them in successive verses in Kings (here and v. 28), and two of them in successive verses in Isaiah (Isa 37:28 and 29).

2 KINGS 19:28 ‫את‬ ָ ‫ר־בּ‬ ֥ ָ ‫וּמ ְתגִּ ֙י ִבּ ְשׂ ָפ ֶ֔תי� וַ ֲה ִ ֣שׁב ִֹ֔תי� ַבּ ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ �‫ַי ַ֚ﬠן ִה ְת ַרגֶּ זְ �֣ ֵא ֔ ַלי וְ ַשׁ ֲאנַ נְ �֖ ָﬠ ָל֣ה ְב ָאזְ ָנ֑י וְ ַשׂ ְמ ִ֨תּי ַח ִ֜חי ְבּ ַא ֗ ֶפּ‬ ‫ָ ֽבּהּ׃‬ 19:28

� ְ‫ִה ְת ַרגֶּ ז‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 19:27 19:28

‫וּמ ְתגִּ י‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:28; Isa 37:29

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:29. 19:28

Three times

�‫וַ ֲה ִשׁב ִֹתי‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 28:15; 2 Kgs 19:28; Isa 37:29 (�‫)וַ ֲה ִשׁיב ִֹתי‬ ——————————

308

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

�‫ וַ ֲה ִשׁב ִֹתי‬three times

Gen 28:15 2 Kgs 19:28 Isa 37:29

‫והשבתיך ̇ג‬

Mm

‫אל האדמה‬ ‫בדרך‬ ‫בדרך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a 2nd pers. sfx., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) with a 3rd pers. pl. sfx. (‫)וַ ֲה ִשׁב ִֹתים‬.

2 KINGS 19:29 ‫ישׁית זִ ְר ֧ﬠוּ וְ ִק ְצ ֛רוּ וְ נִ ְט ֥ﬠוּ ְכ ָר ִ ֖מים‬ ִ֗ ‫וּב ָשּׁ ָנ֣ה ַה ְשּׁ ִל‬ ַ ‫וּב ָשּׁ ָנ֥ה ַה ֵשּׁ ִנ֖ית ָס ִ ֑חישׁ‬ ַ �‫ה־לּ�֣ ָה ֔אוֹת ָא ֤כוֹל ַה ָשּׁנָ ֙ה ָס ֔ ִפ ַי‬ ְ ֶ‫וְ ז‬ ‫וְ ִא ְכל֥ וּ ִפ ְר ָיֽם׃‬ 19:29

‫וְ זֶ ה‬

Twenty-three times at the beginning of a verse Com.: See 1 Sam 2:34. 19:29

‫ישׁית‬ ִ ‫ַה ְשּׁ ִל‬

Nine times plene

Com.: See 1 Kgs 6:6.

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

‫פס‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ג‬

Mp

Mp

2 KINGS 19:31 ‫ה־זּ ֹאת׃ ס‬ ֽ ‫הו֥ה ְ◌ ָ◌ ֖◌ ַ ֽתּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ‬ ָ ְ‫יטה ֵמ ַ ֣הר ִציּ֑ וֹן ִקנְ ַ ֛את י‬ ֖ ָ ‫וּפ ֵל‬ ְ ‫ירוּשׁ ֨ ַל ִ ֙ם ֵתּ ֵצ֣א ְשׁ ֵא ִ ֔רית‬ ָ ‫ִ ֤כּי ִמ‬ 19:31

◌ָ ◌ְ

‫ ְצ ָבאוֹת‬is read but not written

‫צבאות קרי ולא כתב‬

Mp

Com.: The form ‫ ְצ ָבאוֹת‬is read, although only the first two vowels are written.

This is one of ten cases where words are read though not written; see the Mm to Jer 50:29 sub ‫ ָלה‬and Ruth 3:5 sub ‫א ַלי‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §97, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §80.

There is also another tradition that knows of eleven cases of this phenomenon; see MartínContreras, “The Phenomenon,” 77–87.

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬

‫‪309‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 19:32‬‬ ‫א־יוֹרה ָ ֖שׁם ֵ ֑חץ וְ ֽל ֹא־יְ ַק ְדּ ֶ ֣מנָּ ה ָמ ֔ ֵגן וְ ֽל ֹא־‬ ‫ל־ה ִ ֣ﬠיר ַה ֔זּ ֹאת וְ ֽל ֹ ֶ ֥‬ ‫ל־מ ֶל� ַא ֔שּׁוּר ֤ל ֹא יָ ב ֹ ֙א ֶא ָ‬ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא ֶ ֣‬ ‫ָל ֵ֗כן ֽכֹּ ָ‬ ‫֖יה ס ְֹל ָ ֽלה׃‬ ‫יִ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּ� ָﬠ ֶל ָ‬ ‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫ָל ֵכן כּ ָ‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫̇כ‬

‫‪Twenty times‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 19:32; Isa 29:22; 37:33; Jer 6:21; 11:11‬‬ ‫‪Jer 11:21; 14:15; 15:19; 18:13; 22:18‬‬ ‫‪Jer 23:38; 28:16; 29:32; 32:28; 34:17‬‬ ‫‪Jer 36:30; 51:36; Amos 7:17; Mic 2:3; Zech 1:16‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫‪19:32‬‬ ‫‪1–5‬‬ ‫‪6–10‬‬ ‫‪11–15‬‬ ‫‪16–20‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫לכן כה אמר יהוה ̇כ‬

‫אל מלך אשור‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫)ומכשלים( ]מכשלים[‬ ‫הנני מביא אליהם‬ ‫על אנשי ענתות‬ ‫על )הנביאים( ]הנבאים[ הנבאים בשמי‬ ‫)ואם( ]אם[ תשוב ואשיבך‬ ‫שאלו נא בגוים‬ ‫אל יהויקים‬ ‫יען אמרכם‬ ‫הנני משלחך‬ ‫על )שמע יהוה בחלמי( ]שמעיה הנחלמי[‬ ‫הנני נתן את העיר‬ ‫אתם לא שמעתם אלי‬ ‫על יהויקים‬ ‫הנני רב את ריבך‬ ‫אל בית יעקב‬ ‫)אשיתך( ]אשתך[ בעיר‬ ‫חשב‬ ‫ברחמים‬

‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫‪ָ twenty times‬ל ֵכן כּ ָ‬

‫‪2 Kgs 19:32‬‬ ‫)‪And its companion (Isa 37:33‬‬ ‫‪Jer 6:21‬‬ ‫‪Jer 11:11‬‬ ‫‪Jer 11:21‬‬ ‫‪Jer 14:15‬‬ ‫‪Jer 15:19‬‬ ‫‪Jer 18:13‬‬ ‫‪Jer 22:18‬‬ ‫‪Jer 23:38‬‬ ‫‪Jer 28:16‬‬ ‫‪Jer 29:32‬‬ ‫‪Jer 32:28‬‬ ‫‪Jer 34:17‬‬ ‫‪Jer 36:30‬‬ ‫‪Jer 51:36‬‬ ‫‪Isa 29:22‬‬ ‫‪Amos 7:17‬‬ ‫‪Mic 2:3‬‬ ‫‪Zech 1:16‬‬

‫וחד ולכן כה אמר יהוה המטה‬

‫‪1–5‬‬

‫‪6–10‬‬

‫‪11–15‬‬

‫‪16–20‬‬

‫‪): 2 Kgs 1:4‬וְ ָל ֵכן( ‪And once‬‬

310

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma where the Tetragrammaton is not followed by ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֱ ‫צ ָבאוֹת‬,ְ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬or ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ְצ ָבאוֹת ֱא‬to distinguish them from its more numerous cases (40x) where the Tetragrammaton is followed by these additions.

The Mp heading at Jer 23:38 reads twenty-one times to include the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. at 2 Kgs 1:4. 19:32

‫לֹא‬

Nine verses in which there is the sequence ‫וְ לֹא‬...‫וְ לֹא‬...‫וְ לֹא‬...‫לֹא‬

‫פסוק לא ולא ולא ולא‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 23:7.

In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 19:33 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ל־ה ִ ֥ﬠיר ַה ֛זּ ֹאת ֥ל ֹא יָ ֖ב ֹא נְ ֻאם־י‬ ָ ‫ַבּ ֶ ֥דּ ֶר� ֲא ֶשׁר־יָ ֖ב ֹא ָבּ֣הּ יָ ֑שׁוּב וְ ֶא‬ 19:33 Unique

‫ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר� ֲא ֶשׁר־יָ בֹא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר� ֲא ֶשׁר‬with ‫יָ בֹא‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר� ֲא ֶשׁר ָבּא( ָבּא‬at 1 Kgs 13:10 and Isa 37:34. This lemma is featured in the Mm at Isa 37:34 where these two parallel phrases are listed.

2 KINGS 19:34 ‫וּל ַ ֖מ ַﬠן ָדִּ ֥וד ַﬠ ְב ִ ֽדּי׃‬ ְ ‫יﬠהּ ְל ַ ֽמ ֲﬠ ֔ ִני‬ ֑ ָ ‫וֹשׁ‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ִ ֥ﬠיר ַה ֖זּ ֹאת ְל ֽה‬ ָ ‫נּוֹתי ֶא‬ ֛ ִ ַ‫וְ ג‬ 19:34 Unique

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫נּוֹתי ֶא‬ ִ ַ‫וְ ג‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר( ַﬠל‬ ָ ‫נּוֹתי ַﬠ‬ ִ ַ‫)וְ ג‬, one of which occurs in the parallel passage Isa 37:35. This lemma is featured in various Mm notes sub ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫;ﬠ‬ ַ see Judg 9:33 and 2 Sam 12:28.

2 KINGS

311

2 KINGS 19:35 ‫מוֹנים וַ ֲח ִמ ָ ֖שּׁה ָ ֑א ֶלף וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֣כּימוּ ַב ֔בֹּ ֶקר וְ ִה ֵנּ֥ה‬ ֥ ִ ‫הוה וַ יַּ ֙� ְבּ ַמ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ַא ֔שּׁוּר ֵמ ָ ֛אה ְשׁ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫א וַ יֵּ ֵצ֣א ׀ ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ֒ ‫וַ יְ ִה֮י ַבּ ַלּ֣יְ ָלה ַההוּ‬ ‫ֻכ ָ ֖לּם ְפּגָ ִ ֥רים ֵמ ִ ֽתים׃‬ 19:35

‫ְשׁמוֹנִ ים‬

Six times plene and similarly all Chronicles except one

‫דבר ימי̇ דכו ̇ת ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫מל וכל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 3:30.

2 KINGS 19:37 ‫�היו ְ ֽו ַא ְד ַר ֶ֨מּ ֶל� וְ ַשׂ ְר ֶ ֤א ֶצר ָ◌ ָ◌ ֙◌ ִה ֻכּ֣הוּ ַב ֶ֔ח ֶרב וְ ֵ ֥ה ָמּה נִ ְמ ְל ֖טוּ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ֲא ָר ָ ֑רט‬ ָ֗ ‫וַ יְ ִהי֩ ֨הוּא ִ ֽמ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲח ֶ֜וה ֵבּ֣ית ׀ נִ ְס ֣ר ֹ� ֱא‬ ‫ר־ח ֥דּ ֹן ְבּנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְמ�֛ � ֵ ֽא ַס‬ 19:37

�ֹ ‫נִ ְסר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 19:36; Isa 37:38

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one here and one in the parallel passage at Isa 37:38. 19:37

◌ָ ◌ָ

‫ ָבּנָ יו‬is read but not written

‫כת‬ ̇ ‫בניו קרי ולא‬

Mp

Com.: The form ‫ ָבּנָ יו‬is read, although only the vowels are written.

This is one of ten cases where words are read though not written; see the Mm to Jer 50:29 sub ‫ ָלה‬and Ruth 3:5 sub ‫א ַלי‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §97, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §80.

There is also another tradition that knows of eleven cases of this phenomenon; see MartínContreras, “The Phenomenon,” 77–87.

312

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

19:37

‫ֲא ָר ָרט‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Gen 8:4; 2 Kgs 19:37; Isa 37:38; Jer 51:27 (‫)א ָר ַרט‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three times written with a qameṣ under the second ‫ר‬, and once with a paṯaḥ (‫)א ָר ַרט‬. ֲ

2 KINGS 20:2 ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫הו֖ה ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫ל־ה ִ ֑קּיר וַ ִ֨יּ ְת ַפּ ֔ ֵלּל ֶאל־י‬ ַ ‫ת־פּ ָנ֖יו ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֵ ֥סּב ֶא‬ 20:2 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל ֶאל־יְ הוָ ה ֵלאמֹר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל ֶאל־יְ הוָ ה‬with ‫לאמֹר‬,ֵ to distinguish it from its three occurrences of this phrase with ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬/‫אמר‬ ַ ֹ ‫אמר( וַ יּ‬ ַ ֹ ‫)וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל ֶאל־יְ הוָ ה וַ יּ‬, one of which occurs in the parallel passage Isa 38:2–3.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase: one on ‫ וַ יִּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל ֶאל‬and one on ‫יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫לאמֹר‬.ֵ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

2 KINGS 20:3 ‫יתי וַ יֵּ ְ֥בךְּ ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֖הוּ‬ ִ ‫וּב ֵל ָ ֣בב ָשׁ ֔ ֵלם וְ ַה ֥טּוֹב ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינ֖י� ָﬠ ִ ֑שׂ‬ ְ ‫ר־נא ֵ ֣את ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר ִה ְת ַה ַלּ ְ֣כ ִתּי ְל ָפ ֗ ֶני� ֶ ֽבּ ֱא ֶמ ֙ת‬ ָ ֞ ‫הוה זְ ָכ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ָא ָנּ֣ה י‬ ‫ְבּ ִ ֥כי גָ ֽדוֹל׃ ס‬ 20:3

‫ָאנָּ ה‬

Six times written with ‫ה‬ 1–5 6

‫כת ה‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:3; Isa 38:3; Jon 1:14; 4:2; Ps 116:4 Ps 116:16

——————————

2 KINGS ‫ ָאנָּ ה‬six times written with ‫ה‬ 1–5

6

‫כת ̇ה‬ ̇ ̇‫אנה ו‬

2 Kgs 20:3 Jonah 1:14 Jonah 4:2 Isa 38:3 Ps 116:4 And the one after it (Ps 116:16)

313

Mm ‫את אשר התהלכתי‬ ‫אל נא נאבדה בנפש‬ ‫על כן קדמתי‬ ‫את אשר התהלכתי‬ ‫)מלמטה( ]מלטה[ נפשי‬ ‫ושל אחריו‬

And similarly all forms of ‫ ָאנָ ה‬that are ‫רפ דכותהון‬ ̇ ‫וכל אנה‬ raṕê (are written with ‫)ה‬

And similarly all forms of ‫ ֲאנָ ה‬in ‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫בלש ארמית‬ ̇ ‫וכל אנה‬ Aramaic (are written with ‫)ה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences written with an ‫)אנָּ א( א‬. ָ The Masorah also notes that all forms of ‫ ָאנָ ה‬that are raṕê, that is, without a daḡeš in the ‫נ‬, and all forms of ‫( ֲאנָ ה‬1st pers. pron.) in Aramaic are written with ‫ה‬. 20:3

Four times

‫וְ ַהטּוֹב‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Deut 6:18; 2 Kgs 20:3; Isa 38:3; Lam 3:38 —————————— ‫ וְ ַהטּוֹב‬four times

‫והטוב ̇ד‬

Deut 6:18 2 Kgs 20:3 And its companion (Isa 38:3) Lam 3:38

Mm ‫ועשית הישר והטוב‬ ‫זכר נא‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫מפי עליון לא תצא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) without a cj. The heading of the Mm at Isa 38:3 reads four times and plene (‫)ו‬, thus also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

‫‪314‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 20:4‬‬ ‫מר׃‬ ‫הוה ָה ָי֥ה ֵא ָל֖יו ֵלא ֽ ֹ‬ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי יְ ַשׁ ְﬠ ָ֔יהוּ ֣ל ֹא יָ ָ֔צא ָה ֵ ֖ﬠיר ַה ִ ֽתּיכ ָֹנ֑ה ְוּד ַבר־יְ ָ֔‬ ‫וַ יְ ִהי יְ ַשׁ ְﬠיָ הוּ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬ ‫ָה ֵﬠיר‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪20:4‬‬ ‫‪20:4‬‬

‫ָח ֵצר ‪Read‬‬

‫חצר ̇ק‬

‫‪,ָ [the middle] court) represent variants of equal‬ח ֵצר( ‪, the city), and the qərê‬העיר( ‪Com.: The kəṯîḇ‬‬ ‫‪value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ְוּד ַבר־יְ הוָ ה‬

‫‪20:4‬‬

‫‪Seven times‬‬

‫ז̇‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 3:1.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 20:5‬‬ ‫יתי ֶאת־‬ ‫ת־תּ ִפ ָלּ ֶ֔ת� ָר ִ ֖א ִ‬ ‫�הי ָדִּו֣ד ָא ִ֔בי� ָשׁ ַ֨מ ְﬠ ִתּ֙י ֶא ְ‬ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא ֵ ֙‬ ‫יד־ﬠ ִ֗מּי ֽכֹּ ָ‬ ‫ַ‬ ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֣הוּ נְ גִ‬ ‫֣שׁוּב וְ ָא ַמ ְר ָ֞תּ ֶא ִ‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ‫ישׁי ַתּ ֲﬠ ֶל֖ה ֵ ֥בּית יְ ָ‬ ‫יּוֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִל ִ֔‬ ‫ִדּ ְמ ָﬠ ֶ ֑ת� ִהנְ נִ ֙י ֣ר ֹ ֶפא ֔ ָל� ַבּ ֙‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ר ֶֹפא ָל�‬ ‫̇ל‬

‫‪20:5‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 20:6‬‬ ‫ל־ה ִ ֣ﬠיר ַה ֔זּ ֹאת‬ ‫נּוֹתי ַﬠ ָ‬ ‫שּׁוּר ַא ִ ֣צּ ְיל ֔� וְ ֵ ֖את ָה ִ ֣ﬠיר ַה ֑זּ ֹאת וְ גַ ִ ֙‬ ‫�־א ֙‬ ‫וּמ ַ ֤כּף ֶ ֽמ ֶל ַ‬ ‫וְ ה ַֹס ְפ ִ ֣תּי ַﬠל־יָ ֶ֗מי� ֲח ֵ ֤משׁ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵר ֙ה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ִ‬ ‫וּל ַ ֖מ ַﬠן ָדִּ ֥וד ַﬠ ְב ִ ֽדּי׃‬ ‫ְל ַ ֽמ ֲﬠ ֔ ִני ְ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וְ ה ַֹס ְפ ִתּי‬ ‫̇ד‬

‫‪20:6‬‬ ‫‪Four times‬‬

‫הוֹס ְפ ִתּי( ‪2 Kgs 20:6; Ps 71:14‬‬ ‫הוֹס ְפ ִתּי( ‪); Qoh 1:16‬וְ ַ‬ ‫הוֹס ְפ ִתּי( ‪); 2:9‬וְ ַ‬ ‫)וְ ַ‬

2 KINGS

315

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three times written plene ‫ ו‬and once (here) written defective ‫ו‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets commencing with ‫ ;וה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §63, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §64. 20:6

‫וְ ֵאת ָה ִﬠיר‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 1:8; 18:27; 2 Kgs 20:6; Isa 38:6; Jer 19:11 Jer 23:39; 26:6; 38:23

—————————— ‫ וְ ֵאת ָה ִﬠיר‬eight times 1–5

6–8

‫ואת העיר ̇ח‬

Mm

Judg 1:8 Judg 18:27 �‫ וְ ה ַֹס ְפ ִתּי ַﬠל־יָ ֶמי‬of Kings (2 Kgs 20:6) ‫וּמ ַכּף ֶמ ֶל�־אַשּׁוּר‬ ִ of Isaiah (Isa 38:6) Jer 26:6 Jer 19:11 Jer 23:39 Jer 38:23

‫וילחמו בני יהודה‬ ‫והמה לקחו את אשר‬ ‫והספתי על ימיך דמלכים‬ ‫ומכף מלך אשור דישעיה‬ ‫ונתתי את הבית‬ ‫ככה אשבר‬ ‫ונטשתי אתכם‬ ‫ואת כל נשיך ואת בניך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) without a cj.

The additional notation of Kings in the Mm to the catchwords of the 2 Kgs 20:6 reference is simply to distinguish that verse from its parallel in Isa 38:6. Similarly the additonal notation of Isaiah to the catchwords of the Isa 38:6 reference is simply to distinguish that verse from its parallel here.

2 KINGS 20:8 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ישׁי ֵ ֥בּית י‬ ֖ ִ ‫יתי ַבּיּ֥ וֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִל‬ ִ ‫הו֖ה ִ ֑לי וְ ָﬠ ִ ֛ל‬ ָ ְ‫הוּ ֶ ֽאל־יְ ַשׁ ְﬠ ָ֔יהוּ ָ ֣מה ֔אוֹת ִ ֽכּי־יִ ְר ָ ֥פּא י‬ ֙ ‫אמר ִחזְ ִק ָ֨יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 20:8

‫יִ ְר ָפּא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:8; Isa 30:26; Lam 2:13 ——————————

316

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ יִ ְר ָפּא‬three times 2 Kgs 20:8 Isa 30:26 Lam 2:13

‫ירפא ̇ג‬

Mm

‫מה אות‬ ‫ומחץ מכתו‬ ‫כי גדול‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the qal, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the piel (‫ )יְ ַר ֵפּא‬at Exod 21:19 and Zech 11:16.

2 KINGS 20:9 ‫שׁר ִדּ ֵבּ֑ר ָה ַל֤� ַה ֵצּל֙ ֶﬠ ֶ֣שׂר ַ ֽמ ֲﬠ ֔לוֹת‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ָדּ ָ ֖בר ֲא‬ ַ ‫הוה ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫שׂה י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוה ִ ֚כּי יַ ֲﬠ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אוֹת ֵמ ֵ ֣את י‬ ֙ ‫ה־לּ�֤ ָה‬ ְ ֶ‫אמר יְ ַשׁ ְﬠ ָ֗יהוּ ז‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ִאם־יָ ֖שׁוּב ֶ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂר ַמ ֲﬠ ֽלוֹת׃‬ 20:9

‫ִאם־יָ שׁוּב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:9; Jer 8:4

—————————— ‫ ִאם־יָ שׁוּב‬twice 2 Kgs 20:9 Jer 8:4

‫אם ישוב ̇ב‬

Mm

‫אם ישוב עשר מעלות‬ ‫ואמרת )אלהם( ]אליהם[ כה אמר יהוה‬

And once (‫)וְ ִאם־יָ שׁוּב‬: Lev 14:43

‫וחד ואם ישוב הנגע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the sg. to prevent it being read as ‫ ִאם־יָ שׁוּבוּ‬at Jer 8:4, as is attested in the qərê of eastern mss. (see BHS ad loc, and Ginsburg, 4, ‫א‬, §753). The Mm also notes that this lemma occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. at Lev 14:43.

2 KINGS 20:10 ‫אמ ֙ר יְ ִחזְ ִק ָ֔יּהוּ נָ ֵ ֣ קל ַל ֵ֔צּל ִלנְ ֖טוֹת ֶﬠ ֶ֣שׂר ַמ ֲﬠל֑ וֹת ֣ל ֹא ִ֔כי יָ ֥שׁוּב ַה ֵצּ֛ל ֲאח ַֹר ִנּ֖ית ֶ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂר ַמ ֲﬠ ֽלוֹת׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 20:10

‫יְ ִחזְ ִקיָּ הוּ‬

Three times in the Prophets 2 Kgs 20:10; Isa 1:1; Jer 15:4

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 KINGS

317

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets with an initial ְ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (68x) in the Prophets without this initial ְ‫;)חזְ ִקיָּ הוּ( י‬ ִ see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ח‬, §122, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §41B. This distinction is implied in the Mp at Isa 1:1, which reads three times in the Prophets and similarly all Chronicles apart from five (which have ‫)חזְ ִקיָּ הוּ‬. ִ The Mm at Isa 1:1 reads the same, but with the additional information about Chronicles coming at the end of its note. 20:10

‫ֲאח ַֹרנִּ ית‬

Seven times

Mp

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:18.

2 KINGS 20:11 ‫ת־ה ֵ֗צּל ַ ֽ֠בּ ַמּ ֲﬠלוֹת ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יָ ְר ָ ֜דה ְבּ ַמ ֲﬠל֥ וֹת ָא ָ ֛חז ֲא ֽחֹ ַר ִנּ֖ית ֶ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂר ַמ ֲﬠ ֽלוֹת׃‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה וַ יָּ ֶ֣שׁב ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֛רא יְ ַשׁ ְﬠ ָי֥הוּ ַהנָּ ִ ֖ביא ֶאל־י‬ ‫פ‬ 20:11

‫וַ יָּ ֶשׁב‬

Twenty-five times

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 17:3. 20:11

Unique 1–2

Mp

‫ַבּ ַמּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:11; Isa 38:8

Com.: The Mp heading of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. The Mp heading at Isa 38:8 correctly reads twice.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the absol., to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the cstr. (‫)בּ ַמ ֲﬠלוֹת‬ ְ in the same verses.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring three times, twice without the ‫ ו‬cj., and once with it (Ezek 40:49); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §13, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §14. MA correctly reads twice, whereas MC has no note here.

318

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:11

‫ְבּ ַמ ֲﬠלוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:11; Isa 38:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages in the cstr., to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the absol. (‫)בּ ַמּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬ ַ in the same verses (2 Kgs 20:11 and Isa 38:8). 20:11

‫ֲאח ַֹרנִּ ית‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 4:18.

2 KINGS 20:12 ‫ל־חזְ ִקיָּ ֑הוּ ִ ֣כּי ָשׁ ַ֔מע ִ ֥כּי ָח ָל֖ה‬ ִ ‫וּמנְ ָ ֖חה ֶא‬ ִ ‫�־בּ ֶ ֛בל ְס ָפ ִ ֥רים‬ ָ ‫ן־בּ ְל ֲא ָ ֧דן ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ַ ‫אד� ֠ ַבּ ְל ֲא ָדן ֶ ֽבּ‬ ֣ ַ ֹ ‫ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֡היא ָשׁ ֡ ַלח ְבּר‬ ‫ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֽהוּ׃‬ 20:12

�‫אד‬ ַ ֹ ‫ְבּר‬

Superfluous ‫א‬

Mp

‫יתיר ̇א‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which an ‫ א‬is written but not read; see the Mm to Num 11:4 sub ‫אס ְפ ֻסף‬ ַ ‫ ;וְ ָה‬Frensdorff, Ochlah, §103, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §86. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

2 KINGS 20:13 ‫שׁ ֶמן ַה ֗טּוֹב‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ְבּ ָשׂ ִ֜מים וְ ֵ ֣את ׀‬ ַ ‫ת־הזָּ ָ֨הב וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ֶכּ ֶס ֩ף וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫תה ֶא‬ ֹ ֡ ֹ‫ל־בּ֣ית נְ כ‬ ֵ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יה ֮ם ִחזְ ִקיָּ ה ֒וּ וַ יַּ ְר ֵ ֣אם ֶא‬ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֣מע ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ‫וּב ָכל־‬ ְ ‫יתוֹ‬ ֖ ‫א־ה ְר ָ ֧אם ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֛הוּ ְבּ ֵב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫א־ה ָי֣ה ָד ָ֗בר ֠ ֲא ֶשׁר ֽל‬ ָ ֹ ‫וֹצר ָ ֹ֑תיו ֽל‬ ְ ‫ל־א ֶ ֥שׁר נִ ְמ ָ ֖צא ְבּ ֽא‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֵא ֙ת ֵבּ֣ית ֵכּ ֔ ָליו וְ ֵ ֛את ָכּ‬ ‫ֶמ ְמ ַשׁ ְל ֽתּוֹ׃‬ 20:13

‫נְ כֹתֹה‬

Twice written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

2 Kgs 20:13; Isa 39:2 (kəṯîḇ)

Mp

2 KINGS

319

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the parallel passages of 2 Kings and Isaiah.

MC and MA have a kəṯîḇ (‫ )נכתה‬and qərê (‫ )נְ כֹתוֹ‬here, as does ML in the Isa 39:2 reference. 20:13

‫וְ ֵאת ׀ ֶשׁ ֶמן‬

Seven times

1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Exod 31:11; 35:14; 35:15; 39:37; 39:38 Lev 8:2; 2 Kgs 20:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma without a def. article on ‫שׁ ֶמן‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with a def. article (‫)וְ ֵאת ַה ֶשּׁ ֶמן‬. 20:13

‫אוֹצר ָֹתיו‬ ְ ‫ְבּ‬

Unique written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence written defective first ‫)בּא ְֹצר ָֹתיו( ו‬ ְ in the parallel text in Isa 39:2.

2 KINGS 20:14 ‫אמ ֙ר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו ָ ֥מה ָא ְמ ֣רוּ ׀ ָה ֲאנָ ִ ֣שׁים ָה ֵ֗א ֶלּה וּ ֵמ ַ֨איִ ֙ן יָ ֣בֹאוּ ֵא ֔ ֶלי� וַ ֨יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֑הוּ וַ ֨יּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ב ֹ ֙א יְ ַ ֽשׁ ְﬠ ָי֣הוּ ַהנָּ ִ֔ביא ֶא‬ ‫ִחזְ ִק ָ֔יּהוּ ֵמ ֶ ֧א ֶרץ ְרחוֹ ָ ֛ קה ָ ֖בּאוּ ִמ ָבּ ֶ ֽבל׃‬ 20:14 Five times 1–5

‫וּמאַיִ ן‬ ֵ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Josh 9:8; Judg 19:17; 2 Kgs 20:14; Isa 39:3; Jonah 1:8

——————————

‫וּמאַיִ ן‬ ֵ five times, and their references 1–5

Josh 9:8 Judg 19:17 2 Kgs 20:14 And its companion (Isa 39:3) Jonah 1:8

‫ומאין ̇ה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫יהושע‬ ‫האיש הזקן‬ [‫)ישע( ]ישעיהו‬ ̇ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫מה מלאכתך ומאין תבוא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) without a cj.

320

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 20:15

‫יתם‬ ֖ ִ ‫א־ה ְר ִא‬ ִ ֹ ‫א־ה ָי֥ה ָד ָ ֛בר ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֽל‬ ָ ֹ ‫יתי ָר ֔אוּ ל‬ ֙ ִ ‫ל־א ֶ ֤שׁר ְבּ ֵב‬ ֲ ‫אמר ִחזְ ִק ָ֗יּהוּ ֵ ֣את ָכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ית� וַ ֣יּ‬ ֑ ֶ ‫אמר ָ ֥מה ָר ֖אוּ ְבּ ֵב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬ ‫ְבּא ְֹצר ָ ֹֽתי׃‬ 20:15

‫יתם‬ ִ ‫ִה ְר ִא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:15; Isa 39:4 (‫יתים‬ ִ ‫)ה ְר ִא‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene second ‫ י‬in the parallel text (Isa 39:4), and one written defective second ‫( י‬here). 20:15

‫ְבּא ְֹצר ָֹתי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 32:34 (‫אוֹצר ָֹתי‬ ְ ‫;)בּ‬ ְ 2 Kgs 20:15; Isa 39:4 (‫אוֹצר ָֹתי‬ ְ ‫)בּ‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene first ‫( ו‬Deut 32:34 and Isa 39:4) and once written defective first ‫( ו‬here).

2 KINGS 20:17 ‫ד־היּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֖ה ָבּ ֶ ֑ב ָלה ֽל ֹא־יִ וָּ ֵ ֥תר ָדּ ָ ֖בר ָא ַ ֥מר‬ ַ ‫ית� וַ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָא ְצ ֧רוּ ֲאב ֶ ֹ֛תי� ַﬠ‬ ֶ֗ ‫שׁר ְבּ ֵב‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫ם וְ נִ ָ ֣שּׂא ׀ ָכּ‬ ֒ ‫ִהנֵּ ֮ה יָ ִ ֣מים ָבּ ִאי‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 20:17

‫וְ נִ ָשּׂא‬

Twelve times

1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 25:28; 2 Kgs 20:17; Isa 2:2; Isa 6:1; Isa 39:6 Isa 52:13; 57:7; 57:15; Jer 51:9; Amos 4:2 Mic 4:1; Dan 11:12

——————————

2 KINGS ‫ וְ נִ ָשּׂא‬twelve times, and their references

1–5

6–10

11–12

Exod 25:28 2 Kgs 20:17 Jer 51:9 Isa 2:2 Amos 4:2 Mic 4:1 Isa 6:1 Isa 52:13 Isa 39:6 Isa 57:7 Isa 57:15 Dan 11:12

‫ונשא י̇ ̇ב וסימנהון‬

321 Mm

‫הבדים‬ ‫בביתך‬ ‫משפטה‬ ‫מגבעות‬ ‫בצנות‬ ‫מגבעות‬ ‫על כסא רם‬ ‫הנה ישכיל עבדי ירום‬ [‫)ימין( ]ימים‬ [‫)גבוה( ]גבה‬ ‫כי כה אמר‬ ‫ההמון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its four occurrences without a cj.; see 2 Sam 19:43. 20:17

‫ָבּ ֶב ָלה‬

Twenty-nine times 1–5 6–9 10–15 16–20 21–25 26–29

‫̇כ ̇ט‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:17; 24:15a; 24:15b; 24:16; 25:13 Isa 43:14; Jer 20:4; 20:5; 27:16 (‫;)מ ָבּ ֶב ָלה‬ ִ 27:18 Jer 27:20; 27:22; 28:4; 29:1; 29:3 Jer 29:4; 29:15; 29:20; 39:7; 40:1 Jer 40:7; 52:11; 52:17; Ezek 12:13; 17:12 Ezek 17:20; 2 Chr 33:11; 36:6; 36:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-nine occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) without this adverbial ending.

2 KINGS 20:18 ‫יכל ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ָבּ ֶ ֽבל׃‬ ֖ ַ ‫יסים ְבּ ֵה‬ ִ֔ ‫תּוֹליד יִ ָ ֑קּ ֻח וְ ָה ֙יוּ ָ ֽס ִר‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּמ ָבּ ֜ ֶני� ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יֵ ְצ ֧אוּ ִמ ְמּ�֛ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ִ 20:18

�‫וּמ ָבּנֶ י‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 20:18; Isa 39:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with a ‫ו‬ cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at 1 Chr 17:11.

322 20:18

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫יֵ ְצאוּ‬

Fourteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 8:5. 20:18

Read ‫יִ ָקּחוּ‬

‫יִ ָקּ ֻח‬ ‫יקחו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)יקח‬, and qərê (‫ )יִ ָקּחוּ‬represent examples where the text, in accordance with older orthography, writes only one of two adjoining and identical vowel-letters; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 96.

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words where a ‫ ו‬which is not written is read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §119, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §105. The other is in a list of occurrences of ‫ ;יִ ָקּחוּ‬see the Mm at 2 Sam 23:6.

2 KINGS 20:19 ‫ם־שׁל֥ וֹם וֶ ֱא ֶ ֖מת יִ ְה ֶי֥ה ְביָ ָ ֽמי׃‬ ָ ‫אמר ֲהל֛ וֹא ִא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫שׁר ִדּ ַ ֑בּ ְר ָתּ וַ ֕יּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הו֖ה ֲא‬ ָ ְ‫הוּ ֶ ֽאל־יְ ַ ֽשׁ ְﬠ ָ֔יהוּ ֥טוֹב ְדּ ַבר־י‬ ֙ ‫אמר ִחזְ ִק ָ֨יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 20:19

‫ֲהלוֹא‬

Seventeen times plene in the book Com.: See 1 Kgs 2:42.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

2 KINGS 20:20 ‫א־הם‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫ת־ה ַ ֖מּיִ ם ָה ִ ֑ﬠ ָירה ֲהל‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ְתּ ָﬠ ֔ ָלה וַ יָּ ֵ ֥בא ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ְבּ ֵר ָכ ֙ה וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ֗שׂה ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוּ וְ ָכל־גְּ ֣ב ָוּר ֔תוֹ וַ ֲא‬ ֙ ‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֤רי ִחזְ ִק ָ֨יּ‬ ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫ְכּ‬ 20:20 Seven times

‫וַ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 24:17.

2 KINGS 20:20

323

‫ת־ה ְתּ ָﬠ ָלה‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at 1 Kgs 18:35. 20:20

‫ָה ִﬠ ָירה‬

Nine times 1–5 6–9

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 44:13; Josh 6:20; 20:4; 2 Sam 17:17; 1 Kgs 14:12 1 Kgs 20:2; 2 Kgs 20:20; Ps 35:23; 1 Chr 19:15

—————————— ‫ ָה ִﬠ ָירה‬nine times

‫העירה ̇ט‬

Mm

Gen 44:13 Josh 6:20 Josh 20:4 2 Sam 17:17 1 Kgs 20:2 2 Kgs 20:20 1 Kgs 14:12 ‫וּבנֵ י ַﬠמּוֹן‬ ְ of Chronicles (1 Chr 19:15) Ps 35:23

‫ויקרעו שמלתם‬ ‫וירע העם‬ ‫ונס אל אחת‬ ‫להראות‬ ‫אחאב‬ ‫ויבא את המים‬ ‫ואת קומי‬ ‫ובני עמון דדברי ימים‬ ‫למשפטי‬

One (the last one) has the meaning of wake up

‫חד לשון עוררו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of the form ‫ה ִﬠ ָירה‬,ָ eight of which refer have the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (300+) without this adverbial ‫ה‬. This distinction is implied in the Mm in the additional notation of Chronicles to the catchwords of the 1 Chr 19:15 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Sam 10:14 where the lemma occurs as ‫ה ִﬠיר‬.ָ

The Masorah also notes that the occurrence in Ps 35:23 is a 2 sg. masc. emphatic impf. hiphil of the verbal root ‫ עוּר‬to wake up.

‫‪324‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 21:1‬‬ ‫י־בהּ׃‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ֵ ֥שׁם ִא ֖מּוֹ ֶח ְפ ִצ ָ ֽ‬ ‫שּׁה ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וַ ֲח ִמ ִ ֤שּׁים וְ ָח ֵמ ֙שׁ ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ ָ‬ ‫ן־שׁ ֵ֨תּים ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֤רה ָשׁנָ ֙ה ְמנַ ֶ ֣‬ ‫ֶבּ ְ‬ ‫י־בהּ‬ ‫ֶח ְפ ִצ ָ‬

‫‪21:1‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 21:1; Isa 62:4‬‬

‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫חפצי בה ̇ב וסימנהון‬

‫י־בהּ‬ ‫‪ֶ twice, and their references‬ח ְפ ִצ ָ‬ ‫ושם אמו חפצי בה‬ ‫כי לך יקרא‬

‫‪2 Kgs 21:1‬‬ ‫‪Isa 62:4‬‬

‫‪Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them‬‬ ‫י־בם ‪from the occurrence of a similar form‬‬ ‫‪ֶ in Ps 16:3.‬ח ְפ ִצ ָ‬

‫‪2 KINGS 21:3‬‬ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ֗שׂה ַא ְח ָא ֙ב‬ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ֔מוֹת ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִא ַ ֖בּד ִחזְ ִקיָּ ֣הוּ ָא ִ ֑ביו וַ ָ֨יּ ֶקם ִמזְ ְבּ ֜חֹת ַל ַ֗בּ ַﬠל וַ יַּ ַ֤ﬠשׂ ֲא ֵשׁ ָר ֙ה ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֣‬ ‫בן ֶא ַ‬ ‫וַ ָ֗יּ ָשׁב וַ ִ֨יּ ֶ ֙‬ ‫ל־צ ָ ֣בא ַה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיִ ם ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֖בֹד א ָ ֹֽתם׃‬ ‫חוּ ְל ָכ ְ‬ ‫ֶ ֣מ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ֨תּ ֙‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ִא ַבּד‬

‫‪21:3‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 21:3; Lam 2:9‬‬

‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫אבד ̇ב וסימנהון‬

‫‪ִ twice, and their references‬א ַבּד‬

‫ויעש אשרה כאשר עשה‬ ‫אבד ושבר‬ ‫וא ואבד ממנה‬ ‫̇‬

‫‪2 Kgs 21:3‬‬ ‫‪Lam 2:9‬‬

‫‪): Jer 51:55‬וְ ִא ַבּד( ‪And once‬‬

2 KINGS

325

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the piel, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) in the qal (‫)א ַבד‬, ָ and from other forms pointed as ‫א ֵֹבד‬, ‫אבֹד‬, ָ etc.; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫א‬, §56. The Mm additionally notes that this lemma occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. at Jer 51:55. 21:3

‫ִמזְ ְבּחֹת‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:3; 21:4

Com.: The Mp heading of twice defective is inexact since there are three more occurrences of this lemma in the Torah. The note more precisely should have read twice defective in the book.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the book written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the book written plene ‫)מזְ ְבּחוֹת( ו‬, ִ which occurs in v. 5. The Mp note in the next verse reads twice defective, and similarly all the Torah (Num 23:1, 23:14, and 23:29). MA reads three times defective (for the above two references and the third being the three Torah references taken as one reference; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 134, n. 66). MC has no note here.

2 KINGS 21:4 ‫ת־שׁ ִ ֽמי׃‬ ְ ‫ירוּשׁ ַל֖� ָא ִ ֥שׂים ֶא‬ ָ ‫הוה ִבּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הו֑ה ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ ָ ְ‫וּב ָנ֥ה ִמזְ ְבּ ֖חֹת ְבּ ֵב֣ית י‬ ָ 21:4

‫ִמזְ ְבּחֹת‬

Twice defective, and similarly all the Torah Com.: See directly above in v. 3. 21:4

‫ְבּ ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬

Thirty-nine times

Com.: See 1 Sam 1:7.

‫̇ל ̇ט‬

Mp

‫כות‬ ̇ ‫אור‬ ̇ ‫חס וכל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

326

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 21:7 ‫מה ְבנ֔ וֹ ַבּ ַ֨בּיִ ת ַה ֶ֜זּה‬ ֹ ֣ �‫ל־שׁ‬ ְ ‫ל־דּוִ ֙ד וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ַבּ ַ֗בּיִ ת ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָא ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־פּ ֶסל ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֖רה ֲא‬ ֥ ֶ ‫וַ ָ֕יּ ֶשׂם ֶא‬ ‫עוֹלם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־שׁ ִ ֖מי ְל‬ ְ ‫ירוּשׁ ֗ ַל ִם ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ָבּ ַ֨ח ְר ִתּ֙י ִמכֹּל֙ ִשׁ ְב ֵ ֣טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ָא ִ ֥שׂים ֶא‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ִ

21:7

‫ירוּשׁ ַלם‬ ָ ‫וּב‬ ִ

Twenty-one times

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 5:5.

Mp

2 KINGS 21:8 ‫שׁר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫בוֹתם ַ ֣רק ׀ ִאם־יִ ְשׁ ְמ ֣רוּ ַל ֲﬠ ֗שׂוֹת ְכּכֹל֙ ֲא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ן־ה ֲא ָד ָ֔מה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר נָ ַ ֖ת ִתּי ַ ֽל ֲא‬ ֣ ָ ‫יד ֶ ֣רגֶ ל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִמ‬ ֙ ִ‫וְ ֣ל ֹא א ִֹ֗סיף ְל ָהנ‬ ‫ר־צָוּ֥ה א ָ ֹ֖תם ַﬠ ְב ִ ֥דּי מ ֶ ֹֽשׁה׃‬ ִ ‫תּוֹרה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֔ ָ ‫ל־ה‬ ַ֨ ‫וּל ָכ‬ ְ ‫יתים‬ ִ֔ ִ‫ִצוּ‬ 21:8

‫וְ לֹא א ִֹסיף‬

‫ וְ לֹא א ִֹסיף‬four times, and their references Gen 8:21, the second form in the verse 2 Kgs 21:8 2 Chr 33:8 Job 40:5

‫ולא אסיף ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫)וידח( ]וירח[ יהוה תינינ̇ דפסוק‬ ‫להניד‬ ‫להסיר‬ ‫אחת דברתי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj.

This distinction is implied in the additional notation of the second form in the verse to the Gen 8:21 reference, which distinguishes it from the first form of the phrase in the verse that does not have the ‫ ו‬cj. 21:8

‫א ִֹסיף‬

Six times written like this 1–5 6

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

1 Kgs 12:14; 2 Kgs 21:8; Job 34:32; 2 Chr 10:11; 10:14 2 Chr 33:8*

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) written plene ‫ ו‬as ‫אוֹסיף‬. ִ

2 KINGS

327

*ML, contrary to M, reads 2 Chr 33:8 plene ‫;)אוֹסיף( ו‬ ִ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 338, 393. and thus has only five occurrences.

However, the enumeration inherent in the text of M is supported by the Mp heading here and at 2 Chr 10:11, which both read six, and by the Mp heading at 2 Chr 10:14, which reads three times in the book (thus assuming that 2 Chr 33:8 is written defective, and not plene as in ML).

The Mp heading at 1 Kgs 12:14 correctly reads twice written like this in the book (there and here), and the Mp heading at Job 34:32 correctly reads unique written like this in the book (of Job). 21:8

‫ַﬠ ְב ִדּי מ ֶֹשׁה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 12:7; 2 Kgs 21:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in this order, to distinguish them from its three occurrences in the reverse order (‫)מ ֶֹשׁה ַﬠ ְב ִדּי‬.

2 KINGS 21:9 ‫הוה ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֖י ְבּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ֔ ְ‫גּוֹים ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ִה ְשׁ ִ ֣מיד י‬ ִ֔ ‫ן־ה‬ ַ֨ ‫ת־ה ָ ֔רע ִמ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֖ל ֹא ָשׁ ֵ ֑מעוּ וַ יַּ ְת ֵ ֤ﬠם ְמנַ ֶשּׁ ֙ה ַל ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ֶא‬ 21:9

‫ת־ה ָ ֔רע‬ ָ ‫ַל ֲﬠשׂוֹת ֶא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:9; 2 Chr 33:9 (‫)ל ֲﬠשׂוֹת ָה ָ ֔רע‬ ַ

Com.: The Mp notes three occurrences of this phrase with a qameṣ under the ‫ ר‬instead of an expected paṯaḥ. The problem is that there only two such occurrences (here and 2 Chr 33:9) where the qameṣ is unusual, that is, not lengthened to a qameṣ as it is with an ʾaṯnaḥ (Prov 2:14) or a soṕ pasūq (Qoh 4:17; 8:11).

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 33:9 reads ‫ רע‬with all forms of the verb ‫ עשׂה‬has a paṯaḥ apart from seven cases when it has a qameṣ; see also the Mm at Lev 27:10. The Mp at MA here reads three times with qameṣ. MC has no note here.

328

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 21:11

‫שׁר ְל ָפ ָנ֑יו וַ יַּ ֲח ִ ֥טא ַ ֽגם־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ר־ﬠ ֥שׂוּ ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֖רי ֲא‬ ָ ‫הוּד ֙ה ַהתּ ֵֹﬠ ֣בוֹת ָה ֵ֔א ֶלּה ֵה ַ ֕רע ִמ ֛כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫יַ ַﬠן֩ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ָ֜שׂה ְמנַ ֶ ֤שּׁה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־י‬ ‫לּוּליו׃ פ‬ ֽ ָ ִ‫הוּדה ְבּג‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫ֶאת־י‬ 21:11

‫ַהתּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬

Three times written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 21:1; Ezra 9:14; 2 Chr 34:33*

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫ו‬.

*ML, contrary to M (‫)התּ ֵֹﬠבוֹת‬, ַ has only two occurrences of this lemma because it writes the form at 2 Chr 34:33 plene first ‫תּוֹﬠבוֹת( ו‬ ֵ ‫;)ה‬ ַ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 387. However, the Mp heading here of three times supports the enumeration inherent in the text of M. The Mp heading at Ezra 9:14 reads four times defective, and includes the three references listed above plus Jer 44:4 (‫;)התּ ֵֹﬠ ָבה‬ ַ see ibid, 191.

At 2 Kgs 16:3 the Masorah notes all nine occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫ו‬ in various forms. 21:11

Four times

‫ֵה ַרע‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 5:23; 2 Kgs 21:11; Ps 74:3; Ruth 1:21

Com.: The Mp heading here notes the four occurrences of this lemma

The Mp heading at Ps 74:3 reads five times, and includes the form of this lemma with the ‫ ו‬cj. at Josh 24:20. Similarly, the Mp heading at Ruth 1:21 reads four times and once ‫וְ ָשׁב ( ושב והרע‬ ‫וְ ֵה ַרע‬, Josh 24:20). This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ו‬ cj., and once with it (Josh 24:20); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. 21:11

‫וַ יַּ ֲח ִטא‬

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 20:16 (‫ ;)יַ ֲח ִטא‬1 Kgs 16:2 (‫ ;)וַ ַתּ ֲח ִטא‬21:22 (‫ ;)וַ ַתּ ֲח ִטא‬2 Kgs 21:11

2 KINGS

329

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from the sole occurrence written plene ‫)תּ ֲח ִטיא( י‬ ַ at Deut 24:4.

The Mp headings at 1 Kgs 16:2 (‫ )וַ ַתּ ֲח ִטא‬and 21:22 (‫ )וַ ַתּ ֲח ִטא‬both read twice defective referring to their specific forms. This lemma (‫ )וַ יַּ ֲח ִטא‬is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. and once without; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

2 KINGS 21:12 ‫יהוּדה ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ָכּל־ ֣שׁ ֹ ְמ ֔ ָﬠיּו ִתּ ַ ֖צּ ְלנָ ה ְשׁ ֵ ֥תּי‬ ֑ ָ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� ִ ֽו‬ ָ ְ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִהנְ נִ ֙י ֵמ ִ ֣ביא ָר ֔ ָﬠה ַﬠל־י‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא‬ ָ ֹ‫ָל ֵ֗כן ֽכּ‬ ‫ָאזְ ָנֽיו׃‬ 21:12

‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ָל ֵכן כּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:12; Jer 23:2; 32:36

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the initial word ‫ל ֵכן‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (24x) without ‫ ָ;ל ֵכן‬see 1 Sam 10:18. 21:12

Ten times 1–3

‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ִ‫רוּשׁ ַל� ו‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ ̇‫י‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:12; Isa 3:8; Jer 40:1

Com.: The Mp headings here and at Jer 40:1 of ten times are incorrect since there are only three occurrences of this lemma.

Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest expanding the note to ten times in this and similar forms to include forms with prepositions as well as the ‫ ו‬cj. such as ‫ירוּשׁ ַל� וִ יה ָוּדה‬ ָ ‫ ִבּ‬, ‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ִ‫ירוּשׁ ַל� ו‬ ָ ‫ ִל‬, etc. but there are only nine such forms. To solve this difficulty, they propose that the two phrases in Ezra 1:2 and 1:3 (‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ַל� ֲא ֶשׁר ִבּ‬ ָ ‫ ִבּ‬and ‫יהוּדה‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ַל� ֲא ֶשׁר ִבּ‬ ָ ‫ ) ִל‬be included as the tenth form. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

330 21:12

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫שׁ ְֹמ ָﬠיּו‬

Read ‫שׁ ְֹמ ָﬠהּ‬

‫שמעה ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)שמעיו‬, and the qərê (‫ )שׁ ְֹמ ָﬠהּ‬both meaning who hears it, represent variants in gender; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 139. 21:12

‫ִתּ ַצּ ְלנָ ה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:12; Jer 19:3

—————————— ‫ ִתּ ַצּ ְלנָ ה‬twice

2 Kgs 21:12 Jer 19:3

‫תצלנה ̇ב‬

Mm

[‫כל שמעה >תצלנה< שתי )אזני( ]אזניו‬ ‫שמעה תצלנה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish it from its parallel form ‫ ְתּ ִצ ֶלּינָ ה‬at 1 Sam 3:11. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 217r, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the following folio 217v.

2 KINGS 21:13 ‫רוּשׁ ֜ ַל ִם ַ ֽכּ ֲא ֶשׁר־יִ ְמ ֶ ֤חה ֶאת־‬ ָ ְ‫יתי ֶאת־י‬ ִ ‫וּמ ִ֨ח‬ ָ ‫ת־מ ְשׁ ֖קֹ ֶלת ֵבּ֣ית ַא ְח ָ ֑אב‬ ִ ‫רוּשׁ ֗ ַל ִם ֵ ֚את ָ ֣קו ֽשׁ ֹ ְמ ֔רוֹן וְ ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫יתי ַﬠל־י‬ ִ ‫וְ נָ ִ ֣ט‬ ‫ֽיה׃‬ ָ ‫ל־פּ ֶנ‬ ָ ‫ַה ַצּ ֨ ַלּ ַח ֙ת ָמ ָ֔חה וְ ָה ַ ֖פ� ַﬠ‬ 21:13 Unique

‫ִמ ְשׁק ֶֹלת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with different hierarchial vowels, in a list termed milʿêl and milraʿ; see Yeivin, Introduction, §132, p. 103. In this connection, the higher vowel, the milʿêl, is the vowel ḥolem, and the lower vowel, the milraʿ, is the vowel qameṣ. Thus ‫ ִמ ְשׁק ֶֹלת‬with the ḥolem is milʿêl (here), but ‫ ְל ִמ ְשׁ ָק ֶלת‬with the qameṣ is milraʿ (Isa 28:17); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §5, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §5.

2 KINGS 21:13

‫יתי‬ ִ ‫וּמ ִח‬ ָ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

331

Mp

Gen 7:4; 2 Kgs 21:13

——————————

‫יתי‬ ִ ‫וּמ ִח‬ ָ twice and plene, and their references Gen 7:4 2 Kgs 21:13

‫ומל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ומחיתי ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ומחיתי את כל היקום‬ ‫ומחיתי את ירושלם כאשר‬

And once (‫יתי‬ ִ ‫)מ ִח‬: ָ Isa 44:22

‫וחד מחיתי כעב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., and the Mm additionally notes its sole occurrence without a cj. at Isa 44:22.

By noting in the Mm that both occurrences of this lemma are written plene ‫י‬, the Masorah is thus implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫י‬. 21:13

Unique 21:13

Unique

‫יִ ְמ ֶחה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

�‫ָמ ָחה וְ ָה ַפ‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

2 KINGS 21:15 ‫בוֹת ֙ם ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם וְ ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ ָ ‫ן־היּ֗ וֹם ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יָ ְצ ֤אוּ ֲא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַר ֙ע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֔ ַיני וַ יִּ ְהי֥ וּ ַמ ְכ ִﬠ ִ ֖סים א ִ ֹ֑תי ִמ‬ ָ ‫ַ֗י ַﬠן ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ֤שׂוּ ֶא‬ 21:15 Seven times

‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ָ ‫ָﬠשׂוּ ֶא‬ ̇‫ז‬

Com.: See Judg 3:7.

Mp

In ML the circellus has been placed only on the first two words but the note refers to the entire phrase ‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ָ ‫ ָﬠשׂוּ ֶא‬.

332 21:15

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ ַﬠד ַהיּוֹם ַהזֶּ ה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See 2 Sam 7:6.

Mp

2 KINGS 21:16 ‫שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֣טיא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אתוֹ ֲא‬ ֙ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� ֶפּ֣ה ָל ֶפ֑ה ְל ַ ֤בד ֵ ֽמ ַח ָטּ‬ ָ ְ‫ר־מ ֵ ֥לּא ֶאת־י‬ ִ ‫אד ַ ֛ﬠד ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וְ גַ ֩ם ָ ֨דּם נָ ִ֜קי ָשׁ ַ ֤פ� ְמנַ ֶשּׁ ֙ה ַה ְר ֵבּ֣ה ְמ‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ַל ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ֶאת־י‬ 21:16

‫ֶפּה ָל ֶפה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 10:21.

2 KINGS 21:17 ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫שׁר ָח ָ ֑טא ֲהל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אתוֹ ֲא‬ ֖ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ֔שׂה וְ ַח ָטּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֤רי ְמנַ ֶשּׁ ֙ה וְ ָכ‬ ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫י‬ 21:17

‫וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֤רי‬

‫ וְ ֶ֨י ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֤רי‬five times with the accents (ʾazlâ and mahpaḵ), and their references 1–5 1 Kgs 15:7 1 Kgs 16:27 2 Kgs 13:12 2 Kgs 20:20 2 Kgs 21:17

‫אבים‬ ‫עמרי‬ ‫יואש‬ ‫חזקיהו‬ ‫מנשה‬

‫בטע וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ויתר דברי ̇ה‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this phrase with the accents ʾazlâ and mahpaḵ to distinguish them from occurrences of this phrase written with different accents such as ʾazlâ and mêrəḵâ (2 Kgs 10:34), təlîšâ qəṭannâ and ʾazlâ (2 Kgs 14:28), təḇîr and mêrəḵâ (2 Kgs 15:36 and 16:19).

2 KINGS

333

2 KINGS 21:18 ‫ן־ﬠ ָזּ֑א וַ יִּ ְמ�֛ � ָא ֥מוֹן ְבּנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ֻ ַ‫יתוֹ ְבּג‬ ֖ ‫ן־בּ‬ ֵ ַ‫ם־אב ָֹ֔תיו וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֥בר ְבּג‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֤כּב ְמנַ ֶשּׁ ֙ה ִﬠ‬ 21:18

‫ן־בּיתוֹ‬ ֵ ַ‫ְבּג‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

21:18

‫ֻﬠזָּ א‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the occurrence of ‫ ֵבּיתוֹ‬with ‫בּגַ ן‬,ְ to distinguish it from the parallel text in 2 Chr 33:20 where ‫ ֵבּיתוֹ‬occurs by itself. Three times written with ‫ א‬in the Prophets 2 Sam 6:3 (‫ ;)וְ ֻﬠזָּ א‬2 Kgs 21:18; 21:26

̇‫כת ̇א בנבי‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written in the Prophets with an ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written in the Prophets with a ‫ ְבּ ֻﬠזָּ ה( ה‬/‫) ֻﬠזָּ ה‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)ﬠזָּ ה‬, ֻ has a fourth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form at 2 Sam 6:6 with an ‫;)ﬠזָּ א( א‬ ֻ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 87. However, the Mp headings here and at 2 Kgs 21:26 and the Mm at 2 Sam 6:3, which gives catchwords for the above three references, support the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

2 KINGS 21:19 ‫ת־ח ֖רוּץ ִמן־‬ ָ ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ ְמ ֻשׁ ֶ ֥לּ ֶמת ַבּ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫וּשׁ ַ ֣תּיִ ם ָשׁ ֔ ִנים ָמ ַ ֖ל� ִבּ‬ ְ ‫וּשׁ ַ ֤תּיִ ם ָשׁנָ ֙ה ָא ֣מוֹן ְבּ ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ‬ ְ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ ‫יָ ְט ָ ֽבה׃‬ 21:19 Unique 21:19

Unique

‫ְמ ֻשׁ ֶלּ ֶמת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ִמן־יָ ְט ָבה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

334

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 21:22 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫�הי ֲאב ָ ֹ֑תיו וְ ֥ל ֹא ָה ַל֖� ְבּ ֶ ֥ד ֶר� י‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֕ז ֹב ֶאת־י‬

21:22

�‫וְ לֹא ָה ַל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 24:1; 1 Kgs 22:49; 2 Kgs 21:22 —————————— �‫ וְ לֹא ָה ַל‬three times Num 24:1 1 Kgs 22:49 2 Kgs 21:22

‫ולא הלך ̇ג‬

Mm

‫כפעם בפעם לקראת‬ ‫יהושפט עשה אניות‬ [‫ויעזב את )כל( ]יהוה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj.

2 KINGS 21:23 ‫יתוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ְבּ ֵב‬ ַ ‫י־א ֖מוֹן ָﬠ ָל֑יו וַ יָּ ִ ֥מיתוּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ְשׁ ֥רוּ ַﬠ ְב ֵ ֽד‬ 21:23 Unique

‫וַ יָּ ִמיתוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a sfx., to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a sfx. (‫יתהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ )וַ יְ ִמ‬at 2 Chr 25:27 and in the parallel passage of 2 Chr 33:24.

2 KINGS

335

2 KINGS 21:24 ‫אשׁיָּ ֥הוּ ְבנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃‬ ִ ֹ ‫ם־ה ָ ֛א ֶרץ ֶאת־י‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ָא ֑מוֹן וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֧ליכוּ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ל־הקּ ְֹשׁ ִ ֖רים ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ם־ה ָ֔א ֶרץ ֵ ֥את ָכּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֙� ַﬠ‬ 21:24

‫ַהקּ ְֹשׁ ִרים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 21:24; 2 Chr 33:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with the def. article, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)בּקּ ְֹשׁ ִרים( ב‬ ַ at 2 Sam 15:31. 21:24

�‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

�‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬eight times 1–5

6–8

‫על המלך ̇ח‬

2 Kgs 21:24 2 Chr 33:25 2 Kgs 11:11 2 Chr 23:10 2 Kgs 25:11 2 Kgs 11:8 ‫ וַ ֵתּ ֶרא‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 23:13) Esth 1:16

Mm ‫ויך‬ ‫ויכו‬ ‫ויעמדו‬ ‫ויעמד‬ ‫ואת יתר‬ ‫והקפתם‬ ‫דדבר ימים‬ ̇ ‫ותרא‬ ‫ממוכן‬

And similarly all cases of ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל� טוֹב‬ ַ ‫ וכל על המלך טוב דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇ג ַﬠ‬apart from three

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of the phrase �‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫ﬠ‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל�( ֶאל‬ ַ ‫)א‬. ֶ

This distinction is implied in the Mm in the addition of Chronicles to the catchword of the 2 Chr 23:13 reference, to distinguish this verse from its parallel in 2 Kgs 11:14 where the lemma appears as �‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל‬ ַ ‫א‬. ֶ The Mm additionally notes that this lemma also occurs with ‫ טוֹב‬in the phrase ‫ל־ה ֶמּ ֶל� טוֹב‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬, apart from three cases when it is with ‫( ֶאל‬e.g., �‫ ;)טוֹב ֶאל ַה ֶמּ ֶל‬see the Mm at 2 Kgs 11:8.

336

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 21:25 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־ס ֶפר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ַהיָּ ִ ֖מים ְל ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ֛ ֵ ‫תוּבים ַﬠ‬ ִ֗ ‫א־הם ְכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ֹ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ֲהל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֶי ֶ֛תר ִדּ ְב ֵ ֥רי ָא ֖מוֹן ֲא‬

21:25

‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬...‫וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 16:19.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on the words ‫א ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬, ֲ which phrase occurs over a hundred times, however, the Mm to 1 Kgs 16:27 and the Mp to 2 Kgs 16:19 indicate that the note refers to the larger phrase ‫ ֲא ֶשׁר ָﬠ ָשׂה‬...‫ וְ יֶ ֶתר ִדּ ְב ֵרי‬that occurs with the six kings Omri, Ahaziah, Jehoash, Jotham, Ahaz, and Amon.

2 KINGS 21:26 ‫אשׁיָּ ֥הוּ ְבנ֖ וֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֽתּיו׃ פ‬ ִ ֹ ‫ן־ﬠ ָזּ֑א וַ יִּ ְמ�֛ � י‬ ֻ ַ‫וַ יִּ ְק ְ ֥בֹּר א ֹ֛תוֹ ִבּ ְק ֻב ָר ֖תוֹ ְבּג‬ 21:26

‫וַ יִּ ְק ְבֹּר אֹתוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 34:6; 2 Kgs 21:26

—————————— ‫ וַ יִּ ְק ְבֹּר אֹתוֹ‬twice

Deut 34:6 2 Kgs 21:26

‫ויקבר אתו ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויקבר אתו בגי בארץ מואב‬ ‫ויקבר אתו בקברתו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a sg. verb, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (15x) with a pl. verb (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ְבּרוּ אֹתוֹ‬.

It is noteworthy that in ML the letter ‫ ב‬in the word ‫ וַ יִּ ְק ְבֹּר‬is written with two vowels, a šəwâ and ḥolem (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ְבֹּר‬. The šəwâ would indicate an attempt to write the pl. (‫)וַ יִּ ְק ְבּרוּ‬, whereas the ḥolem would indicate an attempt to write the sg. (‫)וַ יִּ ְקבֹּר‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words only occurring twice that commence with ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §69.

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬

‫‪337‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪21:26‬‬

‫ֻﬠזָּ א‬

‫בנב‬ ‫כת ̇א ̇‬ ‫̇ג ̇‬

‫‪ in the Prophets‬א ‪Three times written with‬‬ ‫‪Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 21:18.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 22:1‬‬ ‫ת־ﬠ ָ ֖דיָ ה ִמ ָבּ ְצ ַ ֽ קת׃‬ ‫ידה ַב ֲ‬ ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ יְ ִד ָ ֥‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ֵ ֣‬ ‫�שׁים וְ ַא ַח ֙ת ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ ָ‬ ‫וּשׁ ִ ֤‬ ‫אשׁיָּ ֣הוּ ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ ְ‬ ‫ן־שׁמ ֶֹנ֤ה ָשׁנָ ֙ה י ֹ ִ‬ ‫ֶבּ ְ‬ ‫יְ ִד ָידה‬

‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪22:1‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬ ‫ִמ ָבּ ְצ ַקת‬

‫‪22:1‬‬

‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪2 KINGS 22:2‬‬ ‫וּשׂ ֽמ ֹאול׃ פ‬ ‫א־סר יָ ִ ֥מין ְ‬ ‫ל־דּ ֶר ֙� ָדִּו֣ד ָא ִ֔ביו וְ ל ֹ ָ ֖‬ ‫הו֑ה וַ ֵ֗יּ ֶל� ְבּ ָכ ֶ ֨‬ ‫וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ַהיָּ ָ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י יְ ָ‬ ‫ל־דּ ֶר�‬ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶל� ְבּ ָכ ֶ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫̇ג‬

‫‪22:2‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪1 Kgs 16:26; 22:43; 2 Kgs 22:2‬‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫וילך בכל דרך ̇ג‬

‫ל־דּ ֶר�‬ ‫‪ three times‬וַ יֵּ ֶל� ְבּ ָכ ֶ‬

‫‪1 Kgs 16:26‬‬ ‫עמרי‬ ‫‪1 Kgs 22:43‬‬ ‫יהושפט‬ ‫ויעש הישר דיאשיהו )‪ of Josiah (2 Kgs 22:2‬וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ ַהיָּ ָשׁר‬

338

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma concerning the three kings Omri, Jehoshaphat, and Josiah, to distinguish them from the two occurrences of the parallel phrase ‫ וַ יֵּ ֶל� ְבּ ַד ְר ֵכי‬said of kings Ahaz and also of Josiah at 2 Chr 28:2 and 34:2.

The additional notation of Josiah to the catchwords of the 2 Kgs 22:2 reference is meant to contrast that verse with its parallel in 2 Chr 34:2, where the lemma is written as ‫וַ יֵּ ֶל� ְבּ ַד ְר ֵכי‬. But this additional notation does not provide a contrast since Josiah occurs in both passages. Most likely the phrase of Kings (‫ )דמלכים‬was intended, as is the norm for such contrasts with Chronicles. 22:2

Four times

‫א־סר‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:5.

Mp

2 KINGS 22:4 ‫הו֑ה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָא ְס ֛פוּ שׁ ְֹמ ֵ ֥רי ַה ַ ֖סּף ֵמ ֵ ֥את ָה ָ ֽﬠם׃‬ ָ ְ‫מּוּבא ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־ה ֶ֔כּ ֶסף ַה‬ ַ ‫הוּ ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֣הן ַהגָּ ֔דוֹל וְ יַ ֵ ֣תּם ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ל־ח ְל ִק ָ֨יּ‬ ִ ‫ֲﬠ ֗ ֵלה ֶא‬ 22:4 Four times

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

2 Kgs 22:4; 22:8; 23:4; 2 Chr 34:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫ ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן‬with the adj. ‫הגָּ דוֹל‬,ַ to distinguish them from its four occurrences without this adjective.

The circellus has been placed here and at 2 Kgs 22:8 only over the first two words but, since there are eight occurrences of ‫ ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן‬, the note must refer to the full phrase ‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן‬ ‫הגָּ דוֹל‬,ַ which only occurs four times. The correct indication with two circelli is present at 2 Kgs 23:4.

2 KINGS

339

2 KINGS 22:5 ‫הוה ְל ַח ֵזּ֖ק‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אכ ֙ה ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ְבּ ֵב֣ית י‬ ָ ‫הו֑ה וְ יִ ְתּנ֣ וּ א ֹ֗תוֹ ְלע ֵ ֹ֤שׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ָ ְ‫בבּ֣ית י‬ ֵ ‫אכה ַה ֻמּ ְפ ָק ִ ֖דים‬ ָ֔ ‫ֹשׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וְ יִ ְתּ ֗ ֻנ ֻה ַﬠל־יַ ֙ד ע‬ ‫ֶ ֥בּ ֶדק ַה ָ ֽבּיִ ת׃‬ 22:5

‫וְ יִ ְתּנֻ ֻה‬

Read ‫וְ יִ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬

Mp

‫ויתנהו ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ויתנה‬, and the qərê (‫ )יִ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations, where a word ending in a ‫ ו‬is read even though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §119, DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §105, and Gordis, The Biblical Text, 97. 22:5

Read ‫ֵבּית‬

‫בבּית‬ ֵ ‫בית ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)בבית‬, and the qərê (‫)בּית‬ ֵ are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where a prep. is omitted; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 143. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words written with a ‫ ב‬at the beginning of a word that is not read: see the Mm at 2 Sam 10:9 sub ‫ביִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §107, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §89. 22:5

‫וְ יִ ְתּנוּ‬

‫ וְ יִ ְתּנוּ‬three times 1 Kgs 18:23 2 Kgs 22:5 Dan 1:12

‫ויתנו ̇ג‬

Mm

‫לנו שנים פרים‬ ‫ויתנו אתו לעשי המלאכה‬ ‫מן הזרעים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (55x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְתּנוּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §5K. This distinction is implied in the Mm notes at 1 Kgs 18:23 and Dan 1:12, where there is the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:5 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:10, where the lemma occurs as ‫וַ יִּ ְתּנוּ‬.

‫‪340‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 22:6‬‬ ‫ת־ה ָ ֽבּיִ ת׃‬ ‫ים וְ ַא ְב ֵנ֣י ַמ ְח ֵ֔צב ְל ַח ֵזּ֖ק ֶא ַ‬ ‫ֶל ָ ֣ח ָר ִ֔שׁים וְ ַלבּ ִֹנ֖ים וְ ַל ֹֽגּ ְד ִ ֑רים וְ ִל ְקנ֤ וֹת ֵﬠ ִצ ֙‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וְ ַלבֹּנִ ים‬

‫חס‬ ‫̇ה ̇‬

‫‪22:6‬‬

‫‪Five times defective‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:12.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וְ ִל ְקנוֹת‬

‫‪22:6‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 12:13.‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 22:8‬‬ ‫ת־ה ֵ ֛סּ ֶפר‬ ‫הו֑ה וַ יִּ ֵ֨תּן ִח ְל ִקיָּ ֧ה ֶא ַ‬ ‫אתי ְבּ ֵב֣ית יְ ָ‬ ‫תּוֹרה ָמ ָ ֖צ ִ‬ ‫ל־שׁ ָפ֣ן ַהסּ ֔ ֵֹפר ֵ ֧ס ֶפר ַה ָ ֛‬ ‫אמר ִח ְל ִק ָ֜יּהוּ ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֤הן ַהגָּ דוֹל֙ ַﬠ ָ‬ ‫ַו֠יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫ל־שׁ ָ ֖פן וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵ ֽאהוּ׃‬ ‫ֶא ָ‬ ‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪22:8‬‬ ‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 22:4.‬‬ ‫ְבּ ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪22:8‬‬

‫‪Thirty-nine times‬‬

‫̇ל ̇ט‬

‫‪Com.: See 1 Sam 1:7.‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬ ‫י̇ ̇א‬

‫‪22:8‬‬

‫‪Eleven times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:37.‬‬

2 KINGS

341

2 KINGS 22:9 ‫ת־ה ֶ֨כּ ֶס ֙ף ַהנִּ ְמ ָצ֣א ַב ַ֔בּיִ ת ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֗ ֻנהוּ‬ ַ ‫אמר ִה ִ ֤תּיכוּ ֲﬠ ָב ֶ ֨ד ֙י� ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ָדּ ָ ֑בר וַ ֗יּ‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ֶ֔מּ ֶל� וַ יָּ ֶ֥שׁב ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֞ב ֹא ָשׁ ָ ֤פן ַהסּ ֵֹפ ֙ר ֶא‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫אכה ַה ֻמּ ְפ ָק ִ ֖דים ֵ ֥בּית י‬ ָ֔ ‫ֹשׂי ַה ְמּ ָל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ַﬠל־יַ ֙ד ע‬ 22:9

‫וַ יִּ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

2 Kgs 22:9; Ezek 19:9; 2 Chr 24:8; 34:17 (‫)וַ יִּ ְתּנוּהוּ‬ —————————— ‫ וַ יִּ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬four times

‫)ויתנוהו( ]ויתנהו[ ̇ד‬

2 Kgs 22:9 2 Chr 34:17 Ezek 19:9 2 Chr 24:8

Mm

‫התיכו עבדיך‬ ‫ויתיכו‬ ‫בסוגר‬ ‫ויעשו‬

The second form is plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫תיני‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ יִ ְתּנֻ הוּ‬in v. 5. The Mp heading at 2 Chr 24:8 reads four times, three times defective and once plene, and the Mm here notes that the plene form at 2 Chr 34:17 (‫ )וַ יִּ ְתּנוּהוּ‬is the second one in its list.

2 KINGS 22:10 ‫מר ֵ ֚ס ֶפר ָנ ַ֣תן ֔ ִלי ִח ְל ִקיָּ ֖ה ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֑הן וַ יִּ ְק ָר ֵ ֥אהוּ ָשׁ ָ ֖פן ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וַ יַּ ֞ ֵגּד ָשׁ ָ ֤פן ַהסּ ֵֹפ ֙ר ַל ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ֵלא‬ 22:10

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:37.

Mp

342

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 22:12

‫יכ ָ֜יה וְ ֵ ֣את ׀ ָשׁ ָפ֣ן ַהסּ ֗ ֵֹפר וְ ֵ ֛את ֲﬠ ָשׂ ָי֥ה‬ ָ ‫ן־מ‬ ִ ‫ת־ﬠ ְכ ֨בּוֹר ֶבּ‬ ַ ‫ן־שׁ ָפן וְ ֶא‬ ָ֠ ‫ת־א ִחי ָ ֣ קם ֶבּ‬ ֲ ‫ת־ח ְל ִקיָּ ֣ה ַהכּ ֵֹ֡הן וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫וַ יְ ַצ֣ו ַה ֶ֡מּ ֶל� ֶא‬ ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ד־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֵלא‬ ַ ‫ֶ ֽﬠ ֶב‬ 22:12

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ ה‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:37. 22:12

Five times 1–5

‫יכיָ ה‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Mp

2 Kgs 22:12; Neh 12:35; 12:41; 2 Chr 13:2 (‫יכיָ הוּ‬ ָ ‫;)מ‬ ִ 17:7 (‫יכיָ הוּ‬ ָ ‫)וּל ִמ‬ ְ

—————————— ‫יכיָ ה‬ ָ ‫ ִמ‬five times 1–5

‫מיכיה ̇ה וסימנהון‬

‫ ֲﬠ ָש ֹיָ ה‬of Kings (2 Kgs 22:12) 2 Chr 13:2 2 Chr 17:7 Neh 12:41 Neh 12:35

Mm ‫עשיה דמלכים‬ ‫)שלש( ]שלוש[ שנים‬ ‫לשריו‬ ‫והכהנים‬ ‫הכהנים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the divine element ‫ יָ ה‬or ‫יָ הוּ‬ , to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (32x) written just with the element ‫ ְל ִמי ָכה( ה‬/‫יכה‬ ָ ‫) ִמ‬. This distinction is implied in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:12 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:20, where the lemma occurs as ‫יכה‬ ָ ‫מ‬. ִ

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 17:7 reads unique reflecting the sole occurrence of the form ‫יכיָ הוּ‬ ָ ‫וּל ִמ‬. ְ

2 KINGS

343

2 KINGS 22:13 ‫דוֹלה ֲח ַ ֣מת‬ ָ ֞ ְ‫ל־דּ ְב ֵ ֛רי ַה ֵ ֥סּ ֶפר ַהנִּ ְמ ָ ֖צא ַה ֶזּ֑ה ִ ֽכּי־ג‬ ִ ‫הוּדה ַﬠ‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫וּב ַﬠ ֙ד ָכּל־י‬ ְ ‫ד־ה ֗ ָﬠם‬ ָ ‫וּב ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫הוה ַבּ ֲﬠ ִ ֣די‬ ָ֜ ְ‫ְלכוּ֩ ִד ְר ֨שׁוּ ֶאת־י‬ ‫ל־ה ָכּ ֥תוּב ָﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ַ ‫ל־דּ ְב ֵ ֙רי ַה ֵ ֣סּ ֶפר ַה ֶ֔זּה ַל ֲﬠ ֖שׂוֹת ְכּ ָכ‬ ִ ‫א־שׁ ְמ ֜עוּ ֲאב ֵֹ֗תינוּ ַﬠ‬ ָ ֹ ‫יא נִ ְצּ ָ ֣תה ָ֔בנוּ ַﬠ ֩ל ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ֽל‬ ֙ ‫ר־ה‬ ִ ‫הוה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫י‬ 22:13 Ten times

‫ל־דּ ְב ֵרי‬ ִ ‫ ַﬠ‬1 ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Sam 3:8.

2 KINGS 22:14 ‫ן־ח ְר ַח ֙ס‬ ַ ‫ן־תּ ְק ָ֗וה ֶבּ‬ ִ ‫יאה ֵ ֣א ֶשׁת ׀ ַשׁ ֻלּ֣ם ֶבּ‬ ָ֜ ‫ל־ח ְל ָ ֨דּה ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֻ ‫יקם וְ ַﬠ ְכ ֜בּוֹר וְ ָשׁ ָפ֣ן וַ ֲﬠ ָשׂ ָ֗יה ֶא‬ ֨ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶ֣ל� ִח ְל ִקיָּ ֣הוּ ֠ ַהכּ ֵֹהן וַ ֲא ִח‬ ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ַ ֖ל� ַבּ ִמּ ְשׁ ֶנ֑ה ַוֽ יְ ַד ְבּ ֖רוּ ֵא ֶ ֽל‬ ָ ‫שׁ ֵ ֹ֣מר ַה ְבּגָ ִ ֔דים וְ ִ ֛היא י ֶ ֹ֥שׁ ֶבת ִבּ‬ 22:14

‫ַשׁ ֻלּם‬

Three times defective 1–5 6–10 11

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 15:10; 22:14; Jer 22:11; 32:7; 35:4 Ezra 10:24; Neh 7:45*; 1 Chr 4:25; 9:31 (‫;)ל ַשׁ ֻלּם‬ ְ 2 Chr 28:12 2 Chr 34:22

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since there are eleven occurrences of this lemma. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the circellus has been misapplied here and really belongs with the lemma �‫ א ִֹס ְפ‬in v. 20.

The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) written plene ‫וְ ַשׁלּוּם( ו‬/‫ ;) ַשׁלּוּם‬see 2 Kgs 15:13.

*ML, contrary to M (‫)שׁ ֻלּם‬, ַ has only ten occurrences of this lemma since it writes the form at Neh 7:45 plene (‫;)שׁלּוּם‬ ַ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 350.

However, the Mp heading at Jer 22:11 reads eleven times defective, and all four Mp headings in the Writings highlighted above read six times defective as does the heading to the Mm at 2 Chr 28:12. All these headings thus support the enumeration inherent in the text of M. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

344 22:14

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫י ֶֹשׁ ֶבת‬

Eight times defective 1–5 6–8

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Lev 15:23; 2 Kgs 4:13; 22:14; Jer 21:13; 48:18 Jer 51:35; Zech 1:11; 7:7

—————————— ‫ י ֶֹשׁ ֶבת‬eight times defective

1–5

6–8

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫ישבת ̇ח‬

Lev 15:23 2 Kgs 4:13 �‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫ י ֶֹשׁ ֶבת ִבּ‬of Kings (2 Kgs 22:14) Jer 21:13 Jer 48:18 Jer 51:35 Zech 7:7 Zech 1:11

Mm ‫אשר )היא( ]הוא[ ישבת עליו‬ ‫ותאמר בתוך עמי‬ ‫ישבת בירושלם דמלכים‬ ‫ישבת העמק‬ ‫רדי מכבוד‬ ‫חמסי ושארי‬ ‫בהיות ירושלם ישבת‬ ‫והנה כל הארץ ישבת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) written plene ‫)יוֹשׁ ֶבת( ו‬. ֶ This distinction is implied in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:14 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:22, where the lemma is written plene ‫ ו‬as ‫יוֹשׁ ֶבת‬. ֶ

The Mp heading at Jer 51:35 reads twice defective, but there are three occurrences of this lemma in Jeremiah.

2 KINGS 22:15 ‫ר־שׁ ַ ֥לח ֶא ְת ֶכ֖ם ֵא ָ ֽלי׃‬ ָ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ִא ְמ ֣רוּ ָל ִ֔אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫ה־א ַ ֥מר י‬ ָ ֹ‫יהם ֽכּ‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣תּ‬ 22:15

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ֹאמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ‫וַ תּ‬

Unique in the Prophets

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence in the Prophets of ‫ֹאמר‬ ֶ ‫ וַ תּ‬with ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫א ֵל‬, ֲ to distinguish it from its four occurrences in the Prophets with ‫ֹאמר ָל ֶהם( ָל ֶהם‬ ֶ ‫ ;)וַ תּ‬see the Mm at 2 Chr 34:23 sub ‫ֹאמר ָל ֶהם‬ ֶ ‫וַ תּ‬.

2 KINGS

345

2 KINGS 22:16 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫ל־דּ ְב ֵ ֣רי ַה ֵ֔סּ ֶפר ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָק ָ ֖רא ֶ ֥מ ֶל� י‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ָמּ ֥קוֹם ַה ֶזּ֖ה וְ ַﬠל־ ֹֽי ְשׁ ָ ֑ביו ֵ ֚את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫הוה ִהנְ ֨ ִני ֵמ ִ ֥ביא ָר ָ ֛ﬠה ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ֹ֚כּה ָא ַ ֣מר י‬ 22:16 Unique

‫ל־ה ָמּקוֹם ַהזֶּ ה וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of the phrase ‫ ַה ָמּקוֹם ַהזֶּ ה וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו‬with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish it from its four occurrences with ‫ל־ה ָמּקוֹם ַהזֶּ ה וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו( ַﬠל‬ ַ ‫) ַﬠ‬, one of which occurs in v. 19; see directly below at 2 Kgs 22:20. In ML there are only three circelli on this five-word phrase; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

2 KINGS 22:17 ‫יהם וְ נִ ְצּ ָ ֧תה ֲח ָמ ִ ֛תי ַבּ ָמּ ֥קוֹם‬ ֑ ֶ ‫שׂה יְ ֵד‬ ֣ ֵ ‫יסנִ י ְבּ ֖כֹל ַמ ֲﬠ‬ ֵ֔ ‫ﬠן ַה ְכ ִﬠ‬ ֙ ַ ‫א�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֔רים ְל ַ֨מ‬ ֣ ִ ‫רוּ ֵל‬ ֙ ‫שׁר ֲﬠזָ ֗בוּנִ י ַוֽ יְ ַק ְטּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַ ֣תּ ַחת ׀ ֲא‬ ‫ַה ֶזּ֖ה וְ ֥ל ֹא ִת ְכ ֶ ֽבּה׃‬ 22:17

‫יסנִ י‬ ֵ ‫ַה ְכ ִﬠ‬

Six times written like this

‫כת‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: Six times written plene first ‫ ;י‬see Ginsburg 2, ‫כ‬, §413.

2 KINGS 22:18 ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַה ְדּ ָב ִ ֖רים‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ה־א ַ ֤מר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֱא‬ ָ ֹ‫ֹאמ ֖רוּ ֵא ָל֑יו ֽכּ‬ ְ ‫הוה ֥כֹּה ת‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הוּדה ַהשּׁ ֵֹל ַ֤� ֶא ְת ֶכ ֙ם ִל ְד ֣ר ֹשׁ ֶאת־י‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫ל־מ ֶל� י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָשׁ ָ ֽמ ְﬠ ָתּ׃‬ 22:18

‫ֹאמרוּ‬ ְ ‫כֹּה ת‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 18:25. 22:18

‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ֹה־א ַמר יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫כּ‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 10:18.

Mp

In some of the Mp references, there is only one circellus between two of the words in the phrase, e.g., at 1 Kgs 14:7 and here just on ‫ֹה־א ַמר‬ ָ ‫ ;כּ‬and at 2 Kgs 9:6 and Isa 37:21 just on ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬.

346

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 22:19

‫ל־ה ָמּ ֨קוֹם ַה ֶ֜זּה וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָ֗ביו ִל ְהי֤ וֹת ְל ַשׁ ָמּ ֙ה‬ ַ ‫שׁר ִדּ ַבּ ְר ִתּי֩ ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוה ְ ֽבּ ָשׁ ְמ ֲﬠ ֡� ֲא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫�־ל ָ֨ב ְב ֜� וַ ִתּ ָכּ ַנ֣ע ׀ ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֣י י‬ ְ ‫ַ֠י ַﬠן ַר‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ת־בּגָ ֶ ֔די� וַ ִתּ ְב ֶכּ֖ה ְל ָפ ָנ֑י וְ ַג֧ם ָאנ ִ ֹ֛כי ָשׁ ַ ֖מ ְﬠ ִתּי נְ ֻאם־י‬ ְ ‫וְ ִל ְק ָל ֔ ָלה וַ ִתּ ְק ַר ֙ע ֶא‬ 22:19

�‫ְבּ ָשׁ ְמ ֲﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 22:19; 2 Chr 34:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in these parallel passages with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)כּ ָשׁ ְמ ֲﬠ�( כ‬ ְ at 1 Chr 14:15. 22:19

Five times 1–5

‫וְ גַ ם ָאנ ִֹכי‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 21:26; 1 Sam 1:28; 2 Sam 2:6; 2 Kgs 22:19; Amos 4:7

—————————— In Kings ‫דמלכים‬ 2 Kgs 22:19 (‫)וְ גַ ם ָאנ ִֹכי‬ In Chronicles 2 Chr 34:27 (‫)וְ גַ ם ֲאנִ י‬

Mm

And one verse is their sîman Isa 45:12 (‫ ֲאנִ י‬...‫) ָאנ ִֹכי‬

‫וגם אנכי שמעתי נאם יהוה‬ ‫דדברי הימים‬ ‫וגם אני שמעתי‬ ‫וחד פסוק סימנהון‬ ‫אנכי עשיתי ארץ ואדם עליה בראתי אני‬

Com.: The Mp notes the five occurrences of ‫ וְ גַ ם‬with ‫אנ ִֹכי‬, ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) with ‫)וְ גַ ם ֲאנִ י( ֲאנִ י‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm note at Gen 21:26 in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:19 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:27, where the lemma occurs as ‫וְ גַ ם ֲאנִ י‬.

The Mm compares the two parallel phrases of 2 Kgs 22:19 and 2 Chr 34:27 in which the first has the pron. ‫ ָאנ ִֹכי‬and the second the pron. ‫אנִ י‬, ֲ and notes their difference by means of a third-verse sîman. Isa 45:12 is cited as the third-verse sîman because it contains the elements of this difference, namely both pronouns occurring in the same order as in the two parallel verses, first ‫ָאנ ִֹכי‬ and then ‫אנִ י‬. ֲ

2 KINGS

347

2 KINGS 22:20 ‫ר־א ִ ֥ני‬ ֲ ‫א־ת ְר ֶ ֣אינָ ה ֵﬠ ֔ ֶיני� ְבּכֹל֙ ָ ֽה ָר ֔ ָﬠה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ ֹ ‫ם וְ ל‬ ֒ ‫י� ְבּ ָשׁלוֹ‬ ֮ ‫ל־ק ְבר ֶֹת‬ ִ ‫ל־אב ֶֹ֗תי� וְ נֶ ֱא ַס ְפ ָ ֣תּ ֶא‬ ֲ ‫א ִס ְפ ֜� ַﬠ‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ָל ֵכן֩ ִהנְ ֨ ִני‬ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ָדּ ָ ֽבר׃‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ָמּ ֣קוֹם ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ יָּ ִ ֥שׁיבוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ֵמ ִ ֖ביא ַﬠ‬ 22:20

‫א ִֹס ְפ� ַﬠל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 22:20; Isa 24:22; Amos 3:9 —————————— ‫יפה ַﬠל‬ ָ ‫ ֲא ִס‬three times

‫אסיפה על ̇ג‬

�‫ ָל ֵכן ִהנְ נִ י א ִֹס ְפ‬of Kings (2 Kgs 22:20) Isa 24:22 Amos 3:9 {Jer 4:5}

Mm ‫לכן הנני אספך דמלכים‬ ‫ואספו אספה אסיר‬ ‫ואמרו האספו‬ {‫}ונבואה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences the verb ‫ ָא ַסף‬in various forms with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (31x) in various forms with ‫( ֶאל‬e.g., ‫)א ִֹס ְפ� ֶאל‬.

This distinction is implied here, and in the Mm note at Amos 3:9, in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:20 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:28, where the prep. occurs as ‫אל‬. ֶ

In the Mm list, a catchword from Jer 4:5, where the form ‫ ֵה ָא ְספוּ‬occurs with ‫אל‬, ֶ has mistakenly been added. 22:20

�‫ל־אב ֶֹתי‬ ֲ ‫ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 30:9; 2 Kgs 22:20

——————————

348

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

�‫ל־אב ֶֹתי‬ ֲ ‫ ַﬠ‬twice, and their references

‫על אבתיך ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Deut 30:9 �‫ל־אב ֶֹתי‬ ֲ ‫ ָל ֵכן ִהנְ נִ י א ִֹס ְפ� ַﬠ‬of Kings (2 Kgs 22:20)

Mm

[‫כאשר שש על )אבות̇( ]אבתיך‬ ‫לכן הנני אספך על אבתיך דמלכים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of �‫ ֲאב ֶֹתי‬with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ל־אב ֶֹתי�( ֶאל‬ ֲ ‫)א‬. ֶ

This distinction is implied in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 22:20 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 34:28 where the lemma occurs with the prep. ‫אל‬. ֶ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of pairs of words occurring twice with ‫ ַﬠל‬and twice with ‫;אל‬ ֶ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §88, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156E. 22:20

‫ל־ה ָמּקוֹם‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Three times and similarly all occurrences with ‫ וְ ַﬠל־י ְֹשׁ ָביו‬except one

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫̇ג וכל ועל ישביו‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 18:25.

2 KINGS 23:1 ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ִ‫הוּדה ו‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֖ח ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ יַּ ַא ְס ֣פוּ ֵא ֔ ָליו ָכּל־זִ ְק ֵנ֥י י‬ 23:1

‫אַספוּ‬ ְ ַ‫וַ יּ‬

Ten times

Mp

̇‫י‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 5:8.

2 KINGS 23:2 ‫ל־ה ָ ֖ﬠם ְל ִמ ָקּ ֣טֹן וְ ַﬠד־‬ ָ ‫יאים וְ ָכ‬ ִ֔ ‫ים וְ ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֙ ִ‫רוּשׁ ֜ ַל ִם ִא ֗תּוֹ וְ ַה ֽכֹּ ֲהנ‬ ָ ְ‫הוּד ֩ה וְ ָכל־י ְֹשׁ ֵ֨בי י‬ ָ ְ‫ל־אישׁ י‬ ֣ ִ ‫הוה וְ ָכ‬ ָ֡ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַ֣ﬠל ַה ֶ ֣מּ ֶל� ֵבּית־י‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ל־דּ ְב ֵ ֙רי ֵ ֣ס ֶפר ַה ְבּ ִ ֔רית ַהנִּ ְמ ָ ֖צא ְבּ ֵ ֥בית י‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יהם ֶא‬ ֶ֗ ֵ‫גָּ ֑דוֹל וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֣רא ְב ָאזְ נ‬ 23:2

‫וְ כֹל י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See Josh 7:9.

Mp

2 KINGS 23:2

349

‫יאים‬ ִ ‫וְ ַהכּ ֲֹהנִ ים וְ ַהנְּ ִב‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

2 Kgs 23:2; Zech 7:3 (‫יאים‬ ִ ‫ ַהנְּ ִב‬...‫ ;) ַהכּ ֲֹהנִ ים‬Neh 9:32 (‫יאנוּ‬ ֵ ‫וּלכ ֲֹהנֵ ינוּ וְ ִלנְ ִב‬ ְ )

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences, apart from Jeremiah, where forms of ‫כּ ֲֹהנִ ים‬ precede forms of ‫יאים‬ ִ ‫ ;נְ ִב‬see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of word pairs occurring only once where both parts of the pair have a ‫ ו‬cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §253. 23:2

‫ְל ִמ ָקּטֹן וְ ַﬠד־גָּ דוֹל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:2; Jer 42:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without this preposition (‫) ִמ ָקּטֹן וְ ַﬠד־גָּ דוֹל‬. 23:2

‫ְבּ ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬

Thirty-nine times

‫̇ל ̇ט‬

Com.: See 1 Sam 1:7.

Mp

2 KINGS 23:3 ‫וֹתיו‬ ֤ ָ ‫ת־ﬠ ְד‬ ֵ ‫וֹתיו וְ ֶא‬ ָ֜ ‫מר ִמ ְצ‬ ֹ ֨ ‫הוה ָל ֜ ֶל ֶכת ַא ַ ֤חר יְ הוָ ֙ה וְ ִל ְשׁ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ת־ה ְבּ ִ ֣רית ׀ ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י י‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ַﬠ ֜מּוּד וַ יִּ ְכ ֥ר ֹת ֶ ֽא‬ ָ֨ ‫מד ֠ ַה ֶמּ ֶל� ַ ֽﬠ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ‫מד ָכּל־‬ ֹ ֥ ‫ל־ה ֵ ֣סּ ֶפר ַה ֶזּ֑ה וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫ת־דּ ְב ֵר֙י ַה ְבּ ִ ֣רית ַה ֔זּ ֹאת ַה ְכּ ֻת ִ ֖בים ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫ל־נ ֶפשׁ ְל ָה ִ֗קים ֶא‬ ֶ ֔ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ ‫ל־ל֣ב‬ ֵ ‫ת־חקּ ָֹת ֙יו ְבּ ָכ‬ ֻ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫ָה ָ ֖ﬠם ַבּ ְבּ ִ ֽרית׃‬ 23:3

‫אַחר יְ הוָ ה‬ ַ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

23:3

‫וֹתיו‬ ָ ‫ֵﬠ ְד‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 12:14.

Five times

See 1 Kgs 2:3.

‫̇ה‬

Mp

350 23:3

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַה ְכּ ֻת ִבים‬

Five times defective, and all the Torah Com.: See 1 Kgs 11:41. 23:3

Five times 1–5

‫ַבּ ְבּ ִרית‬ ‫̇ה‬

‫אור‬ ̇ ‫חס וכל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Mp

1 Kgs 20:34; 2 Kgs 23:3; Jer 34:10; 2 Chr 15:12; 23:1

——————————

‫ ַבּ ְבּ ִרית‬five times, and their references 1–5

1 Kgs 20:34 Jer 34:10 2 Chr 15:12 2 Chr 23:1 ‫ ַה ְכּ ֻת ִבים‬of Kings (2 Kgs 23:3)

‫)עדותיו( ]בברית[ ̇ה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ואני בברית אשלחך‬ ‫וישמעו‬ ‫ויבאו בברית‬ ‫עמו בברית‬ ‫הכתבים דמלכים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫בּ‬,ַ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with the indef. prep. ‫;)בּ ְב ִרית( ְבּ‬ ִ see 1 Sam 20:8. The contrast between the two forms is expressly stated in the Mm at Jer 34:10, which lists catchwords for all eight forms.

The heading of the Mm here of ‫וֹתיו( עדותיו‬ ָ ‫)ﬠ ְד‬ ֵ is incorrect for this Mm note. The correct lemma heading ‫ ַבּ ְבּ ִרית‬is given in the headings of the Mm notes at 1 Kgs 20:34 and Jer 34:10. The addition of Kings to the catchword ‫ ַה ְכּ ֻת ִבים‬of the 2 Kgs 23:3 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in 2 Chr 34:31, which lacks the phrase containing ‫בּ ְבּ ִרית‬.ַ

‫‪351‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 23:4‬‬

‫הוה ֵ ֣את ָכּל־‬ ‫יא ֵמ ֵה ַיכ֣ל יְ ָ֔‬ ‫הוֹצ ֙‬ ‫ת־ח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ֩ ַהכּ ֵֹ֨הן ַהגָּ ֜דוֹל וְ ֶאת־כּ ֲֹה ֵנ֣י ַה ִמּ ְשׁנֶ ֮ה וְ ֶאת־שׁ ְֹמ ֵ ֣רי ַה ַסּ ֒ף ְל ִ‬ ‫וַ יְ ַצ֣ו ַה ֶ֡מּ ֶל� ֶא ִ‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ֨ ַל ִ ֙ם ְבּ ַשׁ ְד ֣מוֹת ִק ְד ֔רוֹן וְ נָ ָ ֥שׂא ֶאת־‬ ‫וּל ֖כֹל ְצ ָ ֣בא ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֑מיִ ם ַוֽ יִּ ְשׂ ְר ֞ ֵפם ִמ ֤חוּץ ִל ָ‬ ‫ַה ֵכּ ֗ ִלים ָ ֽה ֲﬠשׂוּיִ ֙ם ַל ַ ֣בּ ַﬠל וְ ָ ֽל ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֔רה ְ‬ ‫ית־אל׃‬ ‫ֲﬠ ָפ ָ ֖רם ֵ ֽבּ ֵ ֽ‬ ‫‪23:4‬‬

‫ִח ְל ִקיָּ הוּ ַהכּ ֵֹהן ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 22:4.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪23:4‬‬

‫ָה ֲﬠשׂוּיִ ם‬

‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪s‬ו ‪Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words containing two‬‬ ‫‪;ָ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §184). The other is in a list of words‬ה ֲﬠשׂוּוִ ם ‪(the reading in Ochlah is‬‬ ‫‪; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §81.‬י ‪ but read as a‬ו ‪written with a‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 23:5‬‬ ‫רוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ֶאת־‬ ‫וּמ ִס ֵ ֖בּי יְ ָ‬ ‫הוּדה ְ‬ ‫מוֹת ְבּ ָﬠ ֵ ֣רי יְ ָ ֔‬ ‫הוּדה וַ יְ ַק ֵ ֤טּר ַבּ ָבּ ֙‬ ‫ת־ה ְכּ ָמ ִ ֗רים ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ָנ ְֽת ֙נוּ ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י יְ ָ ֔‬ ‫וְ ִה ְשׁ ִ ֣בּית ֶא ַ‬ ‫וּל ֖כֹל ְצ ָ ֥בא ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֽמיִ ם׃‬ ‫ַ ֽה ְמ ַק ְטּ ִ ֣רים ַל ַ֗בּ ַﬠל ַל ֶ ֤שּׁ ֶמשׁ וְ ַליָּ ֵ ֨ר ַ ֙� וְ ַל ַמּזָּ ֔לוֹת ְ‬ ‫ַה ְכּ ָמ ִרים‬

‫‪23:5‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪2 Kgs 23:5; Zeph 1:4‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS 23:6‬‬ ‫ל־נ ַ֣חל ִק ְד ֔רוֹן וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֥ר ֹף א ָ ֹ֛תהּ ְבּ ַנ ַ֥חל ִק ְד ֖רוֹן וַ יָּ ֣ ֶ דק ְל ָﬠ ָ ֑פר‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ֨ ַל ִ ֙ם ֶא ַ‬ ‫הוה ִמ ֤חוּץ ִל ָ‬ ‫ת־ה ֲא ֵשׁ ָר ֩ה ִמ ֵ֨בּית יְ ָ֜‬ ‫וַ יּ ֵֹצ֣א ֶא ָ‬ ‫ל־ק ֶבר ְבּ ֵנ֥י ָה ָ ֽﬠם׃‬ ‫ת־ﬠ ָפ ָ ֔רהּ ַﬠ ֶ ֖‬ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵל ֙� ֶא ֲ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬

‫חס‬ ‫י̇ ̇ג ̇‬

‫‪23:6‬‬

‫‪Thirteen times defective‬‬

‫‪Com.: See 2 Kgs 10:22.‬‬

352

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

23:6

‫ְל ָﬠ ָפר‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Deut 9:21; 2 Kgs 23:6; 23:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the indef. prep. ‫ל‬,ְ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the def. prep. ‫)ל ָﬠ ָפר( ֶל‬ ֶ

2 KINGS 23:7 ‫שׁר ַהנָּ ִ֗שׁים א ְֹרג֥ וֹת ָ ֛שׁם ָבּ ִ ֖תּים ָל ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֽרה׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הו֑ה ֲא‬ ָ ְ‫ת־בּ ֵ ֣תּי ַה ְקּ ֵד ִ֔שׁים ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֵב֣ית י‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ תּ ֹ֙ץ ֶא‬ 23:7

‫ַה ְקּ ֵד ִשׁים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 15:12.

2 KINGS 23:8 ‫ד־בּ ֵ ֣אר ָ ֑שׁ ַבע‬ ְ ‫רוּ־שׁ ָמּ ֙ה ַה ֣כֹּ ֲה ֔ ִנים ִמ ֶגּ ַ֖בע ַﬠ‬ ָ֨ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ֗מוֹת ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ִק ְטּ‬ ַ ‫הוּדה וַ יְ ַט ֵ ֣מּא ֶא‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ים ֵמ ָﬠ ֵ ֣רי י‬ ֙ ִ‫ל־ה ֽכֹּ ֲהנ‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יָּ ֵ ֤בא ֶא‬ ‫ל־שׂ ֥מ ֹאול ִ ֖אישׁ ְבּ ַ ֥שׁ ַﬠר ָה ִ ֽﬠיר׃‬ ְ ‫ר־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫ר־ה ֔ ִﬠיר ֲא ֶ ֽשׁ‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ ֙� ַשׂ‬ ֻ֨ ְ‫ר־פּ ַתח ַ ֤שׁ ַﬠר י‬ ֶ ֜ ‫ת־בּ ֣מוֹת ַה ְשּׁ ָﬠ ִ ֗רים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫וְ נָ ַ֞תץ ֶא‬ 23:8

‫רוּ־שׁ ָמּה‬ ָ ‫ִק ְטּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

23:8

‫ד־בּ ֵאר‬ ְ ‫ַﬠ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) with a cj. (‫ד־בּ ֵאר‬ ְ ‫)וְ ַﬠ‬.

2 KINGS 23:9 ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ם־א ְכל֥ וּ ַמ ֖צּוֹת ְבּ ֥תוֹ� ֲא ֵח‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ִ ֛כּי ִא‬ ָ ‫הו֖ה ִבּ‬ ָ ְ‫ל־מזְ ַ ֥בּח י‬ ִ ‫ַ֗א� ֤ל ֹא ַי ֲֽﬠ ֙לוּ כּ ֲֹה ֵנ֣י ַה ָבּ ֔מוֹת ֶא‬ 23:9 Four times

‫כּ ֲֹהנֵ י ַה ָבּמוֹת‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:32.

2 KINGS 23:9

‫ל־מזְ ַבּח‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

353

Mp

2 Kgs 23:9; Ps 43:4

—————————— ‫ל־מזְ ַבּח‬ ִ ‫ ֶא‬twice

2 Kgs 23:9 Ps 43:4

‫אל מזבח ̇ב‬

Mm

‫אך לא יעלו כהני הבמות אל‬ ‫ואבואה אל מזבח אלהים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ִמזְ ַבּח‬with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) with ‫) ַﬠל ִמזְ ַבּח( ַﬠל‬. This lemma occur in the ms. on fol. 218v., but the Mm note appears on the top right of the preceding folio 218r.

2 KINGS 23:10 ‫מּ ֶל�׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ת־בּ ֛תּוֹ ָבּ ֵ ֖אשׁ ַל‬ ִ ‫ת־בּנ֧ וֹ וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ני־ה ֹ֑נּם ְל ִב ְל ִ֗תּי ְל ַה ֲﬠ ִ֨ביר ִ֜אישׁ ֶא‬ ִ ‫תּ ֶפת ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֵג֣י ֶב‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ת־ה‬ ַ ‫וְ ִט ֵ ֣מּא ֶא‬ 23:10

Read ‫ֶבּן‬

‫ֶבני‬ ‫בן ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)בני‬, and the qərê (‫)בּן‬ ֶ are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations in the sg. and pl.; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 136–37.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which a ‫ י‬is written at the end but is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111. 23:10

‫ת־בּתּוֹ‬ ִ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Sam 17:25.

354

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 23:11

‫ן־מ ֶל� ַה ָסּ ִ ֔ריס ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ל ְשׁ ַכּ ֙ת נְ ַת‬ ִ ‫הוה ֶא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫הוּדה ַל ֶ֨שּׁ ֶמ ֙שׁ ִמ ֣בּ ֹא ֵבית־י‬ ֤ ָ ְ‫שׁר נָ ְתנוּ֩ ַמ ְל ֵ֨כי י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫סּוּסים ֲא‬ ִ֗ ‫ת־ה‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵבּ֣ת ֶא‬ ‫ת־מ ְר ְכּ ֥בוֹת ַה ֶ ֖שּׁ ֶמשׁ ָשׂ ַ ֥רף ָבּ ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ַ ‫ַבּ ַפּ ְרוָ ִ ֑רים וְ ֶא‬ 23:11

‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵבּת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:11; 2 Chr 16:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the qal (‫ )וַ יִּ ְשׁבֹּת‬at Gen 2:2 and Josh 5:12.

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at 2 Chr 16:5, which reads twice and twice ‫וישבת‬, which must represent ‫ וַ יִּ ְשׁבֹּת‬because the only other form of ‫ )וְ יִ ְשׁבֹּת( וישׁבת‬occurs just once (Prov 22:10). 23:11

‫ִמבֹּא‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (5x) written plene ‫;)מבּוֹא( ו‬ ִ see 1 Sam 25:26. 23:11

‫ַמ ְר ְכּבוֹת‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 15:4 (‫;)מ ְר ְכּבֹת‬ ַ 2 Kgs 23:12; Isa 22:18; Cant 6:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, of which three (2 Kgs 23:12, Isa 22:18 and Cant 6:12) are written plene ‫ ו‬and one (Exod 15:4) is written defective ‫ ו‬as ‫מ ְר ְכּבֹת‬. ַ

2 KINGS 23:13 ‫מה ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל‬ ֹ ֨ �‫שׁר ֠ ָבּנָ ה ְשׁ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת ֲא‬ ֒ ‫ר־ה ַמּ ְשׁ ִחי‬ ַ ‫ימין ְל ַה‬ ֣ ִ ‫רוּשׁ ֗ ַל ִם ֲא ֶשׁ ֮ר ִמ‬ ָ ְ‫ל־פּ ֵנ֣י י‬ ְ ‫שׁר ׀ ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ֞מוֹת ֲא‬ ַ ‫ְ ֽו ֶא‬ ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֑מּוֹן ִט ֵ ֖מּא ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ַ ‫תּוֹﬠ ַ ֣בת ְבּ ֵנ‬ ֲ ‫וּל ִמ ְל ֖כֹּם‬ ְ ‫וֹאב‬ ָ֔ ‫מוֹשׁ ִשׁ ֻ ֣קּץ מ‬ ֙ ‫תּ ֶרת ׀ ִשׁ ֻ ֣קּץ ִציד ֗ ִֹנים וְ ִל ְכ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ְל ַﬠ ְשׁ‬ 23:13 Unique

‫תּוֹﬠ ַבת‬ ֲ ‫וּל ִמ ְלכֹּם‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

2 KINGS

355

2 KINGS 23:14 ‫קוֹמם ַﬠ ְצ ֥מוֹת ָא ָ ֽדם׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־מ‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ֲא ֵשׁ ִ ֑רים וַ יְ ַמ ֵ ֥לּא ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֵצּ ֔בוֹת וַ יִּ ְכ ֖ר ֹת ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ִשׁ ַבּ ֙ר ֶא‬ 23:14

‫וַ יְ ַמ ֵלּא‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Com.: See Judg 17:5.

Mp

2 KINGS 23:15 ‫שׁר ֶה ֱח ִ ֣טיא ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַגּ֣ם ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ית־אל ַה ָבּ ָמ ֙ה ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ָ֜שׂה יָ ָר ְב ָ ֤ﬠם ֶבּן־נְ ָב ֙ט ֲא‬ ֵ֗ ‫שׁר ְבּ ֵ ֽב‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ִמּזְ ֵ֜בּ ַ� ֲא‬ ַ ‫וְ ֨ ַגם ֶא‬ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ָ ֛מה ֵה ַ ֥דק ְל ָﬠ ָ ֖פר וְ ָשׂ ַ ֥רף ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֽרה׃‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ָ ֖מה נָ ָ ֑תץ וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֧ר ֹף ֶא‬ ַ ‫ַה ִמּזְ ֵ ֧בּ ַ� ַה ֛הוּא וְ ֶא‬ 23:15 Unique

‫ת־ה ָבּ ָמה‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. in this same verse. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring in the same verse, once with a ‫ו‬ and once without a ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §231. 23:15

‫ְל ָﬠ ָפר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 23:6.

2 KINGS 23:17 ‫יהוּדה‬ ֔ ָ ‫ר־בּ֣א ִ ֽמ‬ ָ ‫ים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ִ ‫ישׁ־ה ֱא‬ ֽ ָ ‫שׁי ָה ֗ ִﬠיר ַה ֶ ֤קּ ֶבר ִא‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫אמ ֨רוּ ֵא ֜ ָליו ַאנ‬ ְ ֹ ‫אמר ָ ֚מה ַה ִצּיּ֣ וּן ַה ֔ ָלּז ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ֲא ִנ֣י ר ֶ ֹ֑אה וַ יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕יּ‬ ‫ית־אל׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫ית ַ ֖ﬠל ַה ִמּזְ ַ ֥בּח ֵ ֽבּ‬ ָ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֤רים ָה ֵ֨א ֶלּ ֙ה ֲא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֗רא ֶא‬ 23:17

‫ַה ִצּיּוּן‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

356

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without this article at Ezek 39:15.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring twice, once with a ‫ ה‬at the beginning (here), and once without (Ezek 39:15); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §8, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §8. 23:17

‫ַה ִמּזְ ַבּח‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See 2 Kgs 16:14.

2 KINGS 23:18 ‫ר־בּא ִמשּׁ ְֹמ ֽרוֹן׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫טוּ ַﬠ ְצמ ָֹ֔תיו ֵ ֚את ַﬠ ְצ ֣מוֹת ַהנָּ ִ֔ביא ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֙ר ַה ִנּ֣יחוּ ֔לוֹ ִ ֖אישׁ ַאל־יָ ַנ֣ע ַﬠ ְצמ ָ ֹ֑תיו ַוֽ יְ ַמ ְלּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 23:18

‫יָ נַ ע‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

In ML the circellus has been misplaced on the following word ‫ﬠ ְצמ ָֹתיו‬, ַ which occurs more than once so it is most likely, as MC and MA read, that the note belongs with this lemma that only occurs this once.

2 KINGS 23:19 ‫אשׁיָּ ֑הוּ וַ יַּ ַ֣ﬠשׂ ָל ֶ֔הם‬ ִ ֹ ‫שׁר ׀ ְבּ ָﬠ ֵ ֣רי שׁ ְֹמ ֗רוֹן ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ֜שׂוּ ַמ ְל ֵכ֤י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ְל ַה ְכ ֔ ִﬠיס ֵה ִ ֖סיר ֽי‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־בּ ֵ֨תּי ַה ָבּ ֜מוֹת ֲא‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ גַ ֩ם ֶא‬ ‫ית־אל׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲﬠ ִ֔שׂים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ְבּ ֵ ֽב‬ ֽ ַ ‫ְכּ ָכ‬ 23:19

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲﬠ ִשׂים‬ ַ ‫ְכּ ָכ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

1 Sam 8:8; 2 Kgs 23:19

——————————

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲﬠ ִשׂים‬ ַ ‫ ְכּ ָכ‬twice, and their references 1 Sam 8:8 2 Kgs 23:19

‫אשר עשו‬ ‫ויעש להם‬

‫ככל המעשים ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this preposition.

2 KINGS

357

2 KINGS 23:20 ‫רוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ְ‫יהם וַ יָּ ָ֖שׁב י‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ת־ﬠ ְצ ֥מוֹת ָא ָ ֖דם ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ִמּזְ ְבּ ֔חוֹת וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֛ר ֹף ֶא‬ ֽ ַ ‫ר־שׁ ֙ם ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ת־כּל־כּ ֲֹה ֨ ֵני ַה ָבּ ֤מוֹת ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫ַו֠יִּ זְ ַבּח ֶא‬ 23:20

‫כּ ֲֹהנֵ י ַה ָבּמוֹת‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See 1 Kgs 12:32.

2 KINGS 23:22 ‫הוּדה׃‬ ֽ ָ ְ‫וּמ ְל ֵ ֥כי י‬ ַ ‫ימ֙י ַה ֣שּׁ ֹ ְפ ִ֔טים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָשׁ ְפ ֖טוּ ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וְ ֗כֹל יְ ֵ ֛מי ַמ ְל ֵ ֥כי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל‬ ֵ ‫ִ ֣כּי ֤ל ֹא ַנ ֲֽﬠ ָשׂ ֙ה ַכּ ֶפּ ַ֣סח ַה ֶ֔זּה ִמ‬ 23:22

‫נַ ֲﬠ ָשׂה‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Lev 7:9; Judg 16:11; 1 Kgs 10:20; 2 Kgs 23:22; 23:23 2 Chr 9:19; 35:18; 35:19

——————————

‫ נַ ֲﬠ ָשׂה‬eight times with qameṣ 1–5

6–8

Lev 7:9 Judg 16:11 2 Chr 9:19 1 Kgs 10:20 2 Chr 35:18 2 Chr 35:19 2 Kgs 23:22 2 Kgs 23:23

‫קמצ‬ ̇ ‫נעשה ̇ח‬

Mm

[‫)במחרשת( ]במרחשת‬ ‫יאסרוני‬ [‫)ממלכת( ]ממלכה‬ ‫ממלכות‬ ‫פסח‬ ‫הפסח‬ ‫כפסח‬ ‫הפסח‬

And similarly all (occurrences in) Qoheleth and Esther are with qameṣ

‫וכל קהלת ואסתר דכותהון קמצין‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma written with qameṣ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (33x). written with səḡôl (‫ ;)נַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §13G.

The Mm additionally notes that this lemma occurs (twelve times) in the books of Qoheleth and Esther.

358

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Mp headings here and at 2 Kgs 23:23 read eight times, but those at 1 Kgs 10:20, 2 Chr 35:18, 35:19, and the Mm heading here, more specifically read eight times with qameṣ.

The Mp heading at Lev 7:9 reads eight times and similarly all the Megilloth (‫ )חומש‬apart from two. The two exceptions with səḡôl in the Megilloth are Cant 1:11 and 8:8. 23:22

‫ַהשּׁ ְֹפ ִטים‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Deut 19:18; 2 Kgs 23:22; Ruth 1:1; 2 Chr 19:6 ——————————

‫ ַהשּׁ ְֹפ ִטים‬four times and defective, and their references Deut 19:18 2 Kgs 23:22 2 Chr 19:6 Ruth 1:1

‫השפטים ̇ד וחסירין וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ודרשו השפטים היטב והנה עד שקר‬ ‫כי לא נעשה כפסח הזה מימי‬ ‫ויאמר אל השפטים‬ ‫ויהי בימי >שפט< השפטים‬

And once (‫)וְ ַהשּׁ ְֹפ ִטים‬: Deut 19:17 unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫וחד והשפטים אשר יהיו ̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ ו‬with the def. article, and one occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. By noting that all five occurrences of this lemma are written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ו‬ cj., and once with a cj. (Deut 19:17); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. 23:22

Three times

‫וְ כֹל יְ ֵמי‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 24:31; Judg 2:7; 2 Kgs 23:22 ——————————

2 KINGS ‫ וְ כֹל יְ ֵמי‬three times, and their references

Josh 24:31 2 Kgs 23:22 Judg 2:7

‫וכל ימי ̇ג וסימנהון‬

359 Mm

‫וכל ימי הזקנים אשר האריכו ימים‬ ‫השפטים אשר שפטו את ישראל‬ ‫הזקנים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (69x) without a cj.

2 KINGS 23:23 ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫יהו֖ה ִבּ‬ ָ ‫אשׁיָּ ֑הוּ נַ ֲﬠ ָ֞שׂה ַה ֶ ֧פּ ַסח ַה ֶזּ֛ה ַל‬ ִ ֹ ‫ם־בּ ְשׁמ ֶֹנ֤ה ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵר ֙ה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ַל ֶ ֖מּ ֶל� ֽי‬ ִ ‫ִ֗כּי ִא‬ 23:23

‫נַ ֲﬠ ָשׂה‬

Eight times

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See directly above at 2 Kgs 23:22.

2 KINGS 23:24 ‫הוּד ֙ה‬ ָ ְ‫אוּ ְבּ ֶ ֤א ֶרץ י‬ ֙ ‫ל־ה ִשּׁ ֻקּ ִ֗צים ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר נִ ְר‬ ַ ‫ת־הגִּ ֻלּ ֜ ִלים וְ ֵ ֣את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ְתּ ָר ֨ ִפים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־היִּ ְדּעֹנִ ים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ֠ ‫ת־הא ֹ֣בוֹת וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫וְ ַג֣ם ֶא‬ ‫ל־ה ֵ֔סּ ֶפר ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָמ ָצ֛א ִח ְל ִקיָּ ֥הוּ ַהכּ ֵ ֹ֖הן ֵ ֥בּית‬ ַ ‫תּוֹר ֙ה ַה ְכּ ֻת ִ ֣בים ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ת־דּ ְב ֵ ֤רי ַה‬ ִ ‫אשׁיָּ ֑הוּ ֠ ְל ַמ ַﬠן ָה ִ֞קים ֶא‬ ִ ֹ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם ִבּ ֵ ֖ﬠר ֽי‬ ָ ‫וּב ֣יר‬ ִ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 23:24

‫ַה ִשּׁ ֻקּ ִצים‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:24; Zech 9:7 (‫ ;)וְ ִשׁ ֻקּ ָציו‬Nah 3:6 (‫)שׁ ֻקּ ִצים‬ ִ ——————————

‫ ַה ִשּׁ ֻקּ ִצים‬three times defective, and their references 2 Kgs 23:24 Zech 9:7 Nah 3:6

‫השקצים ̇ג חסירין וסימנהון‬

‫וגם את האבות‬ ‫)והסירתי( ]והסרתי[ דמיו‬ [‫והשלכתי עליך )שקוצים( ]שקצים‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, (e.g., ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫קּוּצ‬ ֵ ‫)שׁ‬. ִ

360

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 23:25

‫ֹשׁה‬ ֑ ֶ ‫תּוֹרת מ‬ ֣ ַ ‫ל־מא ֹ֔דוֹ ְכּ ֖כֹל‬ ְ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ ‫שׁוֹ‬ ֙ ‫וּב ָכל־נַ ְפ‬ ְ ‫ל־ל ָב ֤בוֹ‬ ְ ‫ר־שׁב ֶאל־יְ הוָ ֙ה ְבּ ָכ‬ ֤ ָ ‫א־ה ָ֨יה ְל ָפ ֜ ָניו ֶ֗מ ֶל� ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ָכמֹהוּ֩ ֽל‬ ‫מהוּ׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫א־קם ָכּ‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ַא ֲח ָ ֖ריו ֽל‬ 23:25

‫ְמאֹדוֹ‬

Unique

[‫] ̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma has a circellus but no note. It only occurs once. Neither MC nor MA has a note here. 23:25

Unique

‫תּוֹרת‬ ַ ‫ְכּכֹל‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The circellus has been placed on the phrase ‫תּוֹרת מ ֶֹשׁה‬ ַ but, since this phrase occurs seven times, it is most likely that the circellus should include the preceding word ‫ ְכּכֹל‬as the phrase ‫תּוֹרת‬ ַ ‫ ְכּכֹל‬occurs only this once. Neither MC nor MA has a note here.

2 KINGS 23:26 ‫יסוֹ ְמנַ ֶ ֽשּׁה׃‬ ֖ ‫ל־ה ְכּ ָﬠ ִ֔סים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִה ְכ ִﬠ‬ ַ ‫יהוּדה ַ ֚ﬠל ָכּ‬ ֑ ָ ‫ר־ח ָ ֥רה ַא ֖פּוֹ ִ ֽבּ‬ ָ ‫פּוֹ ַהגָּ ֔דוֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫הוה ֵמ ֲח ֤רוֹן ַא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫א־שׁב י‬ ֣ ָ ֹ ‫ַ ֣א� ׀ ֽל‬ 23:26 Unique 23:26

Unique

‫ַה ְכּ ָﬠ ִסים‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ִה ְכ ִﬠיסוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once ending in a ḥolem; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §33.

2 KINGS 23:27 ‫ת־ה ֨ ִﬠיר ַה ֤זּ ֹאת ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ָ ‫יר ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל ָפּ ֔ ַני ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֲה ִס ֖ר ֹ ִתי ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וּ ָ֠מ ַא ְס ִתּי ֶא‬ ֙ ‫הוּד ֙ה ָא ִס‬ ָ ְ‫הוה ַגּ֤ם ֶאת־י‬ ָ֗ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫שׁר ָא ַ֔מ ְר ִתּי יִ ְה ֶי֥ה ְשׁ ִ ֖מי ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ה ַ֔בּיִ ת ֲא‬ ַ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫תּי ֶאת־יְ ֣ר‬ ֙ ִ ‫ָבּ ַ֨ח ְר‬ 23:27 Five times

‫ת־ה ַבּיִ ת‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ה‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 9:7.

Mp

2 KINGS

361

2 KINGS 23:29 ‫הוּ‬ ֙ ‫ית‬ ֵ֨ ‫אתוֹ וַ יְ ִמ‬ ֔ ‫הוּ ִל ְק ָר‬ ֙ ‫אשׁ ָ֨יּ‬ ִ ֹ ‫ר־פּ ָ ֑רת וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶל� ַה ֶ ֤מּ ֶל� י‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ֶל� ַא ֖שּׁוּר ַﬠל־נְ ַה‬ ֥ ֶ ‫�־מ ְצ ַ ֛ריִ ם ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫ְבּיָ ָ֡מיו ָﬠ ָל ֩ה ַפ ְר ֨עֹה נְ ֧כֹה ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫ִבּ ְמגִ ֔דּוֹ ִכּ ְרא ֹ֖תוֹ א ֹֽתוֹ׃‬ 23:29

�‫ל־מ ֶל‬ ֶ ‫ַﬠ‬

Nine times 1–5 6–9

‫̇ט‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:29; 24:12; 25:20; Isa 14:4; Jer 25:12 Ezek 28:12; Dan 11:14; 11:25; 2 Chr 16:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma with ‫ﬠל‬, ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (37x) with ‫) ֶאל ֶמ ֶל�( ֶאל‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm to Ezek 28:12 in the additional notation of Kings to the 2 Kgs 25:20 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in Jer 52:26, where the lemma occurs as �‫ל־מ ֶל‬ ֶ ‫א‬. ֶ 23:29

‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ִמ‬

Eight times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 13:24 23:29

Mp

‫ִכּ ְראֹתוֹ‬

Twice, once defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫חד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 6:21; 23:29

—————————— ‫ ִכּ ְראֹתוֹ‬twice defective 2 Kgs 6:21 2 Kgs 23:29

‫כראתו ̇ב חסירין‬

Mm

‫ויאמר מלך ישראל אל אלישע‬ ‫)וימתהו( ]וימיתהו[ במגדו כראתו‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice, once defective is incorrect. Both forms are defective as is correctly noted in the Mp to 2 Kgs 6:21, and in the heading of the Mm here.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written plene ‫)כּ ְראוֹתוֹ( ו‬ ִ at Gen 44:31 and Judg 11:35. MA correctly reads here twice defective, whereas MC has no note.

362

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 23:33

‫ר־כּ ֶ֖סף וְ ִכ ַ ֥כּר‬ ֶ ‫ל־ה ָ֔א ֶרץ ֵמ ָ ֥אה ִכ ַכּ‬ ָ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� וַ יִּ ֶתּן־ ֨עֹנֶ ֙שׁ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ַא ְס ֵרהוּ֩ ַפ ְר ֨עֹה נְ ֤כֹה ְב ִר ְב ָל ֙ה ְבּ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ֲח ָ֔מת ִבּ ְמּ�֖ � ִבּ‬ ‫זָ ָ ֽהב׃‬ 23:33

��‫ִבּ ְמּ‬

Read ��‫ִמ ְמּ‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫ממלך‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)במלך‬, and the qərê (��‫)מ ְמּ‬ ִ represent examples of interchanges between the letters ‫ ב‬and ‫ ;מ‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 144. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words written with a ‫ ב‬but read as a ‫ ;מ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §154, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §141.

2 KINGS 23:35 ‫ל־פּי ַפ ְר ֑ﬠֹה ִ ֣אישׁ ְכּ ֶﬠ ְר ֗כּוֹ נָ ֞ ַגשׂ‬ ֣ ִ ‫ת־ה ֶ ֖כּ ֶסף ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָ֔א ֶרץ ָל ֵ ֥תת ֶא‬ ָ ‫ים ְל ַפ ְר ֔עֹה ַ ֚א� ֶה ֱﬠ ִ ֣רי� ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַה ֶכּ ֶ֣סף וְ ַהזָּ ָ֗הב נָ ַ ֤תן יְ הוֹיָ ִק‬ ‫ת־ﬠם ָה ָ֔א ֶרץ ָל ֵ ֖תת ְל ַפ ְר ֥ﬠֹה נְ ֽכֹה׃ ס‬ ֣ ַ ‫ת־הזָּ ָה ֙ב ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ֶכּ ֶ֤סף וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 23:35

‫וְ ַה ֶכּ ֶסף וְ ַהזָּ ָהב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:35; Ezra 8:28

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וְ ַהזָּ ָהב‬with ‫וְ ַה ֶכּ ֶסף‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) with ‫) ַה ֶכּ ֶסף וְ ַהזָּ ָהב( ַה ֶכּ ֶסף‬. 23:35

Unique 23:35

Unique

�‫ֶה ֱﬠ ִרי‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ְכּ ֶﬠ ְרכּוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in three Masoretic lists. One is in a Mm listing all four forms of this lemma, three without a prep., and this one with a prep.; see the Mm at Job 41:4 sub ‫ﬠ ְרכּוֹ‬. ֶ

Another is in a list of words occurring only once that start with ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19.

A third is in a list of words occurring twice, once ending in a ‫( י‬Ps 55:14), and once ending in a ‫ו‬ (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §53, and 2 Sam 15:8.

2 KINGS 23:35

‫נָ גַ שׂ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

363

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the perf., to distinguish it from its three occurrences in the present (‫)נֹגֵ שׂ‬.

2 KINGS 23:36 ‫ת־פּ ָד ָי֖ה ִמן־‬ ְ ‫ביּדּה ַב‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ ז‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ָח ֵ ֤משׁ ָשׁ ֨ ָנה יְ הוֹיָ ִ ֣ קים ְבּ ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ַא ַ ֤חת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵר ֙ה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֶ ‫ֶבּ‬ ‫רוּמה׃‬ ָֽ 23:36

‫ביּדּה‬ ָ ְ‫ז‬

Read ‫בוּדה‬ ָ ְ‫ז‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫זבודה‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)זבידה‬, and the qərê (‫בוּדה‬ ָ ְ‫ )ז‬represent noun variants of the qātîl/qātûl type; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 118.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that has a ‫ י‬written in the middle of a word that is read as ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Num 1:16 sub ‫קריאי‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §80, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §71.

2 KINGS 24:2 ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֔מּוֹן וַ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֵ ֥חם‬ ַ ‫דוּד֣י ְב ֵנ‬ ֵ ְ‫מוֹאב וְ ֵא ֙ת ׀ גּ‬ ָ֗ ‫דוּד֣י‬ ֵ ְ‫דוּדי ֲא ָ ֜רם וְ ֵ ֣את גּ‬ ֨ ֵ ְ‫ים וְ ֶאת־גּ‬ ֩ ‫דוּד֣י ַכ ְשׂ ִדּ‬ ֵ ְ‫הו֣ה ׀ ֡בּוֹ ֶאת־גּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּ֣ח י‬ ‫יאים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫שׁר ִדּ ֶ֔בּר ְבּ ַי֖ד ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֥דיו ַהנְּ ִב‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוה ֲא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫יהוּדה ְל ַ ֽה ֲא ִב ֑ידוֹ ִכּ ְד ַ ֣בר י‬ ֖ ָ ‫ִ ֽבּ‬ 24:2

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

Com.: See Judg 2:6. 24:2

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֵחם‬

‫ וַ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֵחם‬four times, and their references

Gen 25:6 Gen 26:31 2 Kgs 6:23 2 Kgs 24:2

‫מעל יצחק בנו‬ [‫מאתו )בש̇( ]בשלום‬ ‫ויכרה‬ ‫ביהודה להאבידו‬

‫וישלחם ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

364

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mm heading here, and the Mp heading at Josh 22:6 of four times, is incorrect since there are nine occurrences of this lemma; see Josh 22:6. The Masorah notes the nine occurrences in the piel, to distinguish them from its four occurrences of this form in the qal (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָל ֵחם‬see Josh 8:9. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

2 KINGS 24:3 ‫יהוּדה ְל ָה ִ ֖סיר ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל ָפּ ָנ֑יו ְבּ ַח ֣טּ ֹאת ְמנַ ֶ֔שּׁה ְכּ ֖כֹל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֽשׂה׃‬ ֔ ָ ‫הוה ָ ֽהיְ ָת ֙ה ִ ֽבּ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ל־פּי י‬ ֣ ִ ‫ַ ֣א� ׀ ַﬠ‬ 24:3

‫ְבּ ַחטֹּאת‬

Six times defective

Com.: See 2 Kgs 13:2.

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

2 KINGS 24:4 ‫הו֖ה ִל ְס ֽ� ַ�׃‬ ָ ְ‫א־א ָ ֥בה י‬ ָ ֹ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� ָ ֣דּם נָ ִ ֑ קי וְ ֽל‬ ָ ְ‫שׁר ָשׁ ֔ ָפ� וַ יְ ַמ ֵ ֥לּא ֶאת־י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫קי ֲא‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ם־הנּ‬ ַ ‫וְ ַג֤ם ַ ֽדּ‬ 24:4

‫ָדּם ַהנָּ ִקי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 19:13; 2 Kgs 24:4; Jer 22:17 ——————————

‫ ָדּם ַהנָּ ִקי‬three times, and their references Deut 19:13 Jer 22:17 2 Kgs 24:4

‫ובערת דם הנקי‬ ‫ועל דם הנקי‬ ‫אשר שפך‬

‫דם הנקי ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ָדּם‬with ‫הנָּ ִקי‬,ַ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with ‫) ָדּם נָ ִקי( נָ ִקי‬, one of which occurs in this verse. 24:4

�‫ָשׁ ֔ ָפ‬

Twice zaqeṕ qameṣ Lev 17:4; 2 Kgs 24:4

‫קמצ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב זקף‬

Mp

2 KINGS

365

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫( פ‬due to the zaqeṕ accent), to distinguish it from its four occurrences with a paṯaḥ (�‫)שׁ ַפ‬. ָ

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur exceptionally with qameṣ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §25, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §26.

2 KINGS 24:7 ‫ר־פּ ָ ֔רת ֛כֹּל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָהיְ ָ ֖תה‬ ְ ‫י־ל ַ ֞קח ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ָבּ ֶ֗בל ִמ ַנּ ַ֤חל ִמ ְצ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ַﬠד־נְ ַה‬ ָ ‫עוֹד ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ִמ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ָל ֵצ֖את ֵ ֽמ ַא ְר ֑צוֹ ִ ֽכּ‬ ֙ ‫וְ ֽל ֹא־ה ִ ֹ֥סיף‬ ‫ְל ֶ ֥מ ֶל� ִמ ְצ ָ ֽריִ ם׃ פ‬ 24:7

‫ִמנַּ ַחל‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Deut 3:8; Josh 12:1; 2 Kgs 24:7; Ps 110:7 ——————————

‫ ִמנַּ ַחל‬four times, and their references Deut 3:8 Josh 12:1 2 Kgs 24:7 Ps 110:7

‫מנחל ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

[‫)ארנון( ]ארנן‬ ‫ארנון‬ ‫מצרים‬ ‫בדרך ישתה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫מן‬, ִ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) without this preposition.

2 KINGS 24:8 ‫ת־א ְלנָ ָ ֖תן‬ ֶ ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ נְ ֻח ְשׁ ָ ֥תּא ַב‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� ו‬ ָ ‫�שׁה ֳח ָד ִ֔שׁים ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ‬ ֣ ָ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫ן־שׁמ ֨ ֶֹנה ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֤רה ָשׁנָ ֙ה יְ הוֹיָ ִ ֣כין ְבּ ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ‬ ְ ‫ֶבּ‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ 24:8 Unique

‫נְ ֻח ְשׁ ָתּא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

366

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML 2 KINGS 24:10 ‫רוּשׁ ָל֑� וַ ָתּ ֥ב ֹא ָה ִ ֖ﬠיר ַבּ ָמּ ֽצוֹר׃‬ ָ ְ‫�־בּ ֶ ֖בל י‬ ָ ‫אצּר ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֥ ַ ֶ‫ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֔היא ָﬠ ֗ ֻלה ַﬠ ְב ֵ ֛די נְ ֻב ַכ ְדנ‬

24:10

Read ‫ָﬠלוּ‬

‫ָﬠ ֻלה‬

Mp

‫עלו ̇ק‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫עלה‬, he went up), and the qərê (‫ﬠלוּ‬, ָ they went up) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations in number; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 138. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words ending in a ‫ ה‬but read as a ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Lev 21:5 sub ‫יִ ְק ְר ֻחה‬, the Mm at Lam 4:17 sub ‫עוֹדינֻ ה‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §113, and DíazEsteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §95.

2 KINGS 24:11 ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ִ ֑ﬠיר וַ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֖דיו ָצ ִ ֥רים ָﬠ ֶ ֽל‬ ָ ‫�־בּ ֶ ֖בל ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫אצּר ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֥ ַ ֶ‫בוּכ ְדנ‬ ַ ְ‫וַ יָּ ֛ב ֹא נ‬ 24:11

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬seventeen times

1–5

6–10

11–15

16–17

̇‫על העיר י̇ ז‬

Gen 34:25 Deut 20:20 Judg 9:33 2 Sam 12:28 1 Kgs 20:12 2 Kgs 6:14 2 Kgs 10:5 2 Kgs 24:11 2 Kgs 25:4 And its companion (Jer 52:7) Jer 22:8 Jer 37:8 Jer 32:29 Jer 26:20 Ezek 10:2 Neh 11:9 Neh 13:18

And similarly every instance of ‫וגנותי‬ apart from one, the first one in Kings (2 Kgs 19:34)

Mm ‫כאבים‬ ‫מצור‬ ‫כזרח‬ ‫וחנה‬ ‫בסכות‬ ‫ויקפו‬ ‫והאמנים‬ ‫נבוכדנאצר‬ ‫ותבקע‬ [‫)וחבי̇ ( ]וחבירו‬ [‫)ועמדו( ]ועברו‬ ‫ונלחמו‬ ‫הנלחמים‬ ‫וגם איש‬ ‫וזרק‬ ‫ויואל‬ ‫כה עשו‬ ‫וכל וגנותי דכותהון ̇ב ̇מ ̇א דמלכים קדמיה‬

2 KINGS

367

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ﬠ‬, ַ to distinguish them from its slightly more numerous occurrences (21x) with the prep. ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר( ֶאל‬ ָ ‫)א‬. ֶ This distinction is implied in the additional notation that the verbal form ‫נּוֹתי‬ ִ ַ‫ וְ ג‬also occurs with the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬with one exception, that of the first one in Kings (2 Kgs 19:34), where it occurs with ‫נּוֹתי ֶאל ָה ִﬠיר( ֶאל‬ ִ ַ‫)וְ ג‬. In its second occurrence in Kings at 2 Kgs 20:6, the phrase as expected occurs with ‫)וְ גַ נּוֹ ִתי ַﬠל ָה ִﬠיר( ַﬠל‬.

2 KINGS 24:13 ‫מה‬ ֹ ֤ �‫ל־כּ ֵל֣י ַהזָּ ָ֗הב ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָﬠ ָ֜שׂה ְשׁ‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וֹצ ֖רוֹת ֵבּ֣ית ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ יְ ַק ֵ֞צּץ ֶא‬ ְ ‫הוה וְ ֽא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫רוֹת ֵבּ֣ית י‬ ֙ ‫ל־אוֹצ‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יּוֹצ֣א ִמ ָ֗שּׁם ֶא‬ ֵ ַ‫ו‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫הוה ַ ֽכּ ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ִדּ ֶ ֥בּר י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ֶ ֽמ ֶל�־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ְבּ ֵה ַיכ֣ל י‬ 24:13

‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫ו‬

Twelve times plene 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 15:5; 24:53; 43:23; 48:12; Exod 19:17 Judg 6:19; 2 Kgs 24:13; Jer 10:13; 50:25; 51:16* Ps 136:11; 2 Chr 23:14

—————————— ‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫ ו‬twelve times plene

1–5

6–10

11–12

Gen 15:5 Gen 24:53 Gen 43:23 Gen 48:12 Exod 19:17 Judg 6:19 2 Kgs 24:13 Jer 50:25 Jer 10:13 Jer 51:16* 2 Chr 23:14 Ps 136:11

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫ויוצא י̇ ̇ב‬

Mm

‫אתו החוצה‬ ‫העבד‬ ‫שלום‬ ‫יוסף‬ ‫המחנה‬ ‫האלה‬ ‫משם‬ ‫פתח יהוה‬ ‫לקול תתו‬ ‫לקול תתו‬ ‫יהוידע‬ ‫מתוכם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its thirteen occurrences written defective ‫ ;)וַ יּ ֵֹצא( ו‬see 2 Sam 10:16. This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm at Ps 136:11 which, after listing the twelve plene forms, states that there are also thirteen defective forms making a total of twenty-five such forms in the Bible.

368

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

*ML, contrary to M (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫)ו‬, has only eleven occurrences since it writes this lemma defective at Jer 51:16 (‫ ;)וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 196. However, all the Mp headings highlighted above and the Mm heading here read twelve times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. 24:13

‫אוֹצרוֹת‬ ְ

Eleven times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See 1 Kgs 14:26b.

Mp

2 KINGS 24:14 ‫ל־ה ָח ָ ֖רשׁ וְ ַה ַמּ ְס ֵגּ֑ר‬ ֶ ‫גּוֹלה וְ ָכ‬ ֶ ֔ ‫ים‬ ֙ ‫בּוֹרי ַה ַ֗חיִ ל ֲﬠ ֶ ֤שׂ ֶרה ֲא ָל ִפ‬ ֣ ֵ ִ‫ל־ה ָשּׂ ִ ֞רים וְ ֵ ֣את ׀ ָכּל־גּ‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫֠רוּשׁ ַל� ְ ֽו ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־י‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ִהגְ ָל֣ה ֶא‬ ‫ם־ה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ָ ‫זוּל֖ת ַדּ ַ ֥לּת ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫֣ל ֹא נִ ְשׁ ַ֔אר‬ 24:14

‫בּוֹרי ַה ַחיִ ל‬ ֵ ִ‫גּ‬

Five times with a paṯaḥ Com.: See Josh 1:14.

‫ַ֗ה‬

Mp

In ML the circellus has been placed at Josh 1:14, 8:3, and here only on ‫ה ַחיִ ל‬,ַ which occurs fourteen times. However, it belongs on both words, as is correctly indicated in MA here, and in ML in the Mp notes at 2 Kgs 15:20, and 1 Chr 12:9. MC has no note here. 24:14

‫ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרה‬

Read ‫ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרת‬

‫עשרת קרי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)עשרה‬, and the qərê (‫)ﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרת‬ ֲ represent examples where the kəṯîḇ and the qərê fluctuate between cstr. and absol. forms of the numerals; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 143.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ת‬is read that is not written; see the Mm to Cant 4:9 sub ‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫בּ‬,ְ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §162, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §148. 24:14

‫גּוֹלה‬ ֶ

Five times plene 1–2

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 24:14; Prov 20:19

——————————

2 KINGS ‫גּוֹלה‬ ֶ twice plene, and their references

2 Kgs 24:14 Prov 20:19

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫גולה ̇ב‬

369 Mm

‫עשרת אלפים גולה‬ ‫גולה סוד הולך רכיל‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times plene (‫ )ו‬is incorrect since, as the Mm indicates, there are only two occurrences that are written plene ‫ו‬. The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences, written defective ‫וְ ג ֶֹלה( ו‬/‫)גּ ֶֹלה‬.

MC, and the Mp heading at Prov 20:19, more exactly read just five times to include the five occurrences of this lemma, three times written defective (1 Sam 22:8a; 22:8b, and 2 Sam 15:19) and twice written plene (here and Prov 20:19); see 1 Sam 22:8. MA reads as the Mm does here, twice plene.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words which occur once with a ‫ ו‬at the beginning but no ‫ ו‬in the middle (‫וְ ג ֶֹלה‬, 1 Sam 22:8b), and once with a ‫ ו‬in the middle but no ‫ ו‬at the beginning (‫;)גּוֹלה‬ ֶ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §248. But this Ochlah list does not take into account the fact that the form ‫גּוֹלה‬ ֶ occurs twice (here, and at Prov 20:19). In ML in the heading of the Mm an original ‫ ה‬has been overwritten with a ‫ב‬. 24:14

‫ַדּ ַלּת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a cj. at Cant 7:6.

2 KINGS 24:15 ‫גּוֹלה‬ ֥ ָ �‫הוֹלי‬ ֛ ִ ‫יסיו וְ ֵא ֙ת ֵא ֵול֣י ָה ָ֔א ֶרץ‬ ָ֗ ‫ת־ס ִר‬ ָ ‫ת־אם ֠ ַה ֶמּ ֶל� וְ ֶאת־נְ ֵ֨שׁי ַה ֶ֜מּ ֶל� וְ ֶא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יֶּ ֥ גֶ ל ֶאת־יְ הוֹיָ ִ ֖כין ָבּ ֶ ֑ב ָלה וְ ֶא‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ַל֖� ָבּ ֶ ֽב ָלה׃‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ 24:15

‫ ָבּ ֶב ָלה‬1

Twenty-nine times

‫̇כ ̇ט‬

Com.: See 2 Kgs 20:17.

Mp

370 24:15

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Read ‫ֵא ֵילי‬

‫ולי‬ ֵ ‫ֵא‬ ‫קר‬ ̇ ‫אילי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)אולי‬, and the qərê (‫)א ֵילי‬ ֵ are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where a ‫ ו‬in the middle of a word is read as a ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §81, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah weOklah, §72, and Gordis, The Biblical Text, 128.

2 KINGS 24:16 ‫�־בּ ֶ ֛בל‬ ָ ‫יאם ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֧ ֵ ‫ֹשׂי ִמ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה וַ יְ ִב‬ ֣ ֵ ‫בּוֹרים ע‬ ֖ ִ ִ‫ל־אנְ ֵ֨שׁי ַה ַ֜חיִ ל ִשׁ ְב ַﬠ֣ת ֲא ָל ֗ ִפים וְ ֶה ָח ָ ֤רשׁ וְ ַה ַמּ ְסגֵּ ֙ר ֶ֔א ֶלף ַה ֕כֹּל גּ‬ ַ ‫וְ ֵא ֩ת ָכּ‬ ‫גּוֹל֖ה ָבּ ֶ ֽב ָלה׃‬ ָ 24:16

‫אַנְ ֵשׁי ַה ַחיִ ל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

2 Kgs 24:16; Qoh 12:3 (‫)ה ָחיִ ל‬ ֶ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ אַנְ ֵשׁי‬with ‫ה ַחיִ ל‬,ַ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with ‫)אַנְ ֵשׁי ַחיִ ל( ַחיִ ל‬.

Com.: Another circellus has been placed between the preceding word ‫ ָכּל‬and ‫אַנְ ֵשׁי‬, but the phrase ‫ ָכּל־אַנְ ֵשׁי ַה ַחיִ ל‬only occurs once. However, it is most likely that the note was intended just for the phrase ‫ אַנְ ֵשׁי ַה ַחיִ ל‬as is marked here in MA and in ML at Qoh 12:3. MC has no note here.

2 KINGS 24:17 ‫ת־שׁ ֖מוֹ ִצ ְד ִקיָּ ֽהוּ׃ פ‬ ְ ‫ת־מ ַתּנְ ָי֥ה ד ֹ֖דוֹ ַתּ ְח ָ ֑תּיו וַ יַּ ֵ ֥סּב ֶא‬ ַ ‫�־בּ ֶ ֛בל ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ְמ ֵל֧� ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ 24:17 Five times 1–5

�‫וַ יַּ ְמ ֵל‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

2 Kgs 23:34; 24:17; 1 Chr 23:1; 2 Chr 36:4; 36:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (81x) in the qal (��‫)וַ יִּ ְמ‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at 1 Chr 23:1, which reads five times with ṣerê (‫)ה‬, ֵ which distinguishes this form from one with a different vowel, namely ��‫וַ יִּ ְמ‬.

‫‪371‬‬

‫‪2 KINGS‬‬ ‫‪2 KINGS 24:18‬‬

‫מיּטל ַ ֽבּת־יִ ְר ְמ ָי֖הוּ‬ ‫שׁם ִא ֔מּוֹ ֲח ַ ֥‬ ‫ירוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ֵ ֣‬ ‫ן־ﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ַא ַ ֤חת ָשׁנָ ֙ה ִצ ְד ִקיָּ ֣הוּ ְב ָמ ְל ֔כוֹ וְ ַא ַ ֤חת ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵר ֙ה ָשׁ ֔ ָנה ָמ ַל֖� ִבּ ָ‬ ‫ֶבּ ֶ‬ ‫ִמ ִלּ ְב ָנֽה׃‬

‫‪Mp1‬‬

‫‪24:18‬‬

‫מיּטל‬ ‫ֲח ַ‬

‫מוּטל ‪Read‬‬ ‫ֲח ַ‬

‫חמוטל ̇ק‬

‫——————————‬

‫‪Mp2‬‬

‫̇ה זוגין‬

‫‪Five sets‬‬

‫)‪ַ (qərê‬בּגּוֹיִ ם‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬בגיים ‪ (qərê) and Ps 79:10‬גוֹיִ ם‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬גיים ‪Gen 25:23‬‬

‫סוּרים‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬האסירים ‪Judg 16:21‬‬ ‫סוּרים‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬האסירים ‪ָ (qərê) and Judg 16:25‬ה ֲא ִ‬ ‫ָה ֲא ִ‬ ‫)‪(qərê‬‬ ‫מוּטל‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬חמיטל ‪2 Kgs 24:18‬‬ ‫מוּטל‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬חמיטל ‪ֲ (qərê) and Jer 52:1‬ח ַ‬ ‫)‪ֲ (qərê‬ח ַ‬ ‫)‪ַ (qərê‬ה ְכּלוּא‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬הכליא ‪ַ (qərê) and Jer 52:31‬ה ְכּלוּא‪ (kəṯîḇ)/‬הכליא ‪Jer 37:4‬‬ ‫)‪ (qərê‬יָ שוּב )‪ (kəṯîḇ‬ישיב ‪ (qərê) and 1 Chr 7:1‬יָ שוּב )‪ (kəṯîḇ‬ישיב ‪Ps 73:10‬‬ ‫̇ה זוגין מן תרין תרין‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬ ‫יוד וקרי̇ ו̇ ו וסימנהון‬ ‫כת ̇‬ ‫̇‬ ‫)כל( ]בבית[ )האסורים( ]האסירים[‬ ‫)כל( ]מבית[ האסירים‬ ‫שני גיים בבטנך‬ ‫יודע )בגוים( ]בגיים[ לעינינו‬ ‫)מבית( ]בית[ }הסורים{ )הכלוא( ]הכליא[‬ ‫מבית הכליא‬ ‫)חמוטל( ]חמיטל[ דצדקיהו‬ ‫חמיטל דצדקיהו‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫‪Five sets of words that occur twice in‬‬ ‫‪ is written but read‬י ‪which a‬‬ ‫‪, and their references‬ו ‪as a‬‬ ‫‪Judg 16:21‬‬ ‫‪Judg 16:25‬‬ ‫‪Gen 25:23‬‬ ‫‪Ps 79:10‬‬ ‫‪Jer 37:4‬‬ ‫‪Jer 52:31‬‬

‫מוּטל‬ ‫)‪ֲ of Zedekiah (2 Kgs 24:18‬ח ַ‬ ‫מוּטל‬ ‫)‪ֲ of Zedekiah (Jer 52:1‬ח ַ‬

‫>‪‪