The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Lenigrad Codex: Judges 9781463205997, 1463205996

Citation preview

The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex

Texts and Studies

14 Series Editor H. A. G. Houghton

Editorial Board Jeff W. Childers Viktor Golinets Christina M. Kreinecker Alison G. Salvesen Peter J. Williams

Texts and Studies is a series of monographs devoted to the study of Biblical and Patristic texts. Maintaining the highest scholarly standards, the series includes critical editions, studies of primary sources, and analyses of textual traditions.

The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex

Volume 2 Judges

David Marcus

gp 2018

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2018 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

‫ܐ‬

1

2018

ISBN 978-1-4632-0599-7

ISSN 1935-6927

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Cataloging-in-Publication Record is available from the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America

PREFACE This volume on Judges is the second of a projected six-volume set on the Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. An explanation of how the entries are arranged, works cited and abbreviations may be found in the Introduction to the volume on Joshua (Gorgias Press, 2017).

v

vi

FROM JOSHUA TO KINGS

JUDGES

1

2

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 1:1 ‫ל־ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֛י ַבּ ְתּ ִח ָלּ֖ה‬ ֽ ַ ‫ה־לּ֧נוּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫מר ִ ֣מי יַ ֲﬠ ֶל‬ ֹ ֑ ‫יהו֖ה ֵלא‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ֲא ֙לוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַבּ‬ ֻ֔ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ַא ֲח ֵ ֙רי ֣מוֹת י‬ ‫ְל ִה ָ ֥לּ ֶחם ֽבּוֹ׃‬ 1:1

‫אַח ֵרי מוֹת‬ ֲ ‫וַ יְ ִהי‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 1:1. 1:1

‫ ַבּיהוָ ה ֵלאמֹר‬...‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאלוּ‬

‫ ְשׁ ֵא ָלה ֵלאמֹר‬twice

Judg 1:1 Judg 20:23

‫}שא{ שאלה לאמר ̇ב‬

Mm

‫מי יעלה לנו‬ ‫האוסיף‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of the phrase ‫ ַבּיהוָ ה‬...‫ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאלוּ‬followed by ‫לאמֹר‬,ֵ to distinguish them from its two occurrences not followed by ‫ ֵלאמֹר‬at Judg 20:27 and 1 Sam 10:22.

JUDGES 1:2 ‫ת־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ְבּיָ ֽדוֹ׃‬ ָ ‫הוּדה יַ ֲﬠ ֶל֑ה ִה ֵנּ֛ה נָ ַ ֥ת ִתּי ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ְ‫הו֖ה י‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 1:2 Unique

‫הוּדה יַ ֲﬠ ֶלה‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫הוּדה‬ ָ ְ‫ י‬with ‫יַ ֲﬠ ֶלה‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without ‫ יַ ֲﬠ ֶלה‬in the parallel passage at Judg 20:18.

JUDGES 1:3 �֑‫גוֹר ֶל‬ ָ ‫ם־א ִנ֛י ִא ְתּ�֖ ְבּ‬ ֲ ַ‫גוֹר ֗ ִלי וְ ִנ ָֽלּ ֲח ָמ ֙ה ַ ֽבּ ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ֔ ִני וְ ָה ַל ְכ ִ ֧תּי ג‬ ָ ‫הוּד ֩ה ְל ִשׁ ְמ ֨עוֹן ָא ִ֜חיו ֲﬠ ֵל֧ה ִא ִ ֣תּי ְב‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥ל� ִא ֖תּוֹ ִשׁ ְמ ֽﬠוֹן׃‬ 1:3 Unique

‫ְל ִשׁ ְמעוֹן ָא ִחיו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. in v. 17.

JUDGES 1:3

‫גוֹר ִלי‬ ָ ‫ְב‬

Unique

3

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. at Ps 16:5.

ְ writes the lemma here plene ‫( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, ML, contrary to M (‫)בג ָֹר ִלי‬, 55).

Both MC and MA read ‫בג ָֹר ִלי‬,ְ and both have a Mp note here reading unique and defective (‫)ו‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a prep. ‫ב‬ (here), and once without (Ps 16:5); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §6, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §6. 1:3

‫וְ נִ ָלּ ֲח ָמה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 1:3; 11:6; 1 Sam 17:10; 1 Kgs 20:25 ——————————

‫ וְ נִ ָלּ ֲח ָמה‬four times, and their references Judg 1:3 Judg 11:6 1 Sam 17:10 1 Kgs 20:25

‫ונלחמה ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ונלחמה בכנעני‬ ‫בבני עמון‬ ‫ונלחמה יחד‬ ‫ונלחמה אותם במישור‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the cohortative, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in the perf. consec. (‫ ;)וְ נִ ְל ַחם‬see 1 Sam 8:20. 1:3

Unique

�‫גוֹר ֶל‬ ָ ‫ְבּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. at Prov 1:14.

4

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 1:4 ‫ת־ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֥י וְ ַה ְפּ ִר ִ ֖זּי ְבּיָ ָ ֑דם וַ יַּ ֣כּוּם ְבּ ֶ֔בזֶ ק ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִ ֖פים ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ ַ ‫הו֛ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫הוּדה וַ יִּ ֵ ֧תּן י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֣ﬠל י‬ 1:4 Unique 1–2

‫ַה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י וְ ַה ְפּ ִרזִּ י‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Deut 20:17; Judg 1:4

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MA, of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. MC has no note here.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ ו‬cj. on ‫ה ְפּ ִרזִּ י‬,ַ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. on both words (‫)וְ ַה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י וְ ַה ְפּ ִרזִּ י‬, and from its sole occurrence without a cj. on either word (‫ ) ַה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י ַה ְפּ ִרזִּ י‬at Josh 9:1.

Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the meaning of unique here is that the phrase ‫ ַה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י וְ ַה ְפּ ִרזִּ י‬in this verse does not occur along with other nations as it does in Deut 20:17. 1:4

‫וַ יַּ כּוּם‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 7.5.

Mp

JUDGES 1:6 ‫ת־בּהֹנ֥ וֹת יָ ָ ֖דיו וְ ַרגְ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ְ ‫אחז֣ וּ א ֹ֔תוֹ ַוֽ יְ ַק ְצּ ֔צוּ ֶא‬ ֲ ֹ ‫וַ ָ֨יּנָ ֙ס ֲא ֣ד ֹנִ י ֶ֔בזֶ ק ַוֽ יִּ ְר ְדּ ֖פוּ ַא ֲח ָ ֑ריו וַ יּ‬ 1:6 Twice

‫וַ יְ ַק ְצּצוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 1:6; 2 Sam 4:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the pl., possibly to distinguish them from its three occurrences in the sg. (‫)וַ יְ ַק ֵצּץ‬.

JUDGES 1:6

‫ְבּהֹנוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

5

Mp

Judg 1:6; 1:7

JUDGES 1:7 ‫יהם ְמ ֻק ָצּ ִ֗צים ָהי֤ וּ ְמ ַל ְקּ ִט ֙ים ַ ֣תּ ַחת ֻשׁ ְל ָח ֔ ִני‬ ֶ֜ ‫יהם וְ ַרגְ ֵל‬ ֶ֨ ‫ֹנוֹת יְ ֵד‬ ֩ ‫י־בזֶ ק ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ׀ ְמ ָל ִ֡כים ְ ֽבּה‬ ֶ֗ ִ‫אמר ֲא ֽד ֹנ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫רוּשׁ ַל֖� וַ יָּ ָ֥מת ָ ֽשׁם׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫יאהוּ י‬ ֥ ֻ ‫�הים וַ ִיְב‬ ֑ ִ ‫ם־לי ֱא‬ ֖ ִ ‫יתי ֵ ֥כּן ִשׁ ַלּ‬ ִ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ַכּ ֲא‬ 1:7

‫ְבּהֹנוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 1:6; 1:7 1:7

‫ְמ ֻק ָצּ ִצים‬

Unique 1:7

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ְמ ַל ְקּ ִטים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 1:7; Jer 7:18

——————————

‫ ְמ ַל ְקּ ִטים‬twice, and their references Judg 1:7 Jer 7:18 1:7

Unique

‫מלקטים ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫היו מלקטים תחת‬ ‫הבנים מלקטים עצים‬

‫ִשׁ ַלּם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the perf., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (6x) in the infin. (‫)שׁ ֵלּם‬. ַ

6 1:7

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ִלי ֱא‬

Eleven times

1–5 6–10

Mp

‫י̇ ̇א‬

11

Gen 4:25; 21:6; 48:9; Judg 1:7; 1 Sam 22:3 2 Sam 3:35; 19:14; 1 Kgs 2:23; 20:10; 2 Kgs 6:31 Ps 51:12

1:7

‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫וַ ִיְב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of ‫ ִלי‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬,ֱ to distinguish them from its six occurrences with the Tetragrammaton (‫) ִלי יְ הוָ ה‬.

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 1:7; 1 Sam 5:1 (‫ ;)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬2 Kgs 23:30 (‫ ;)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬Jer 26:23 (‫ ;)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬Ezek 19:4 (‫)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬ Ezek 19:9 (‫ ;)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬2 Chr 22:9 (‫)וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ‬

—————————— ‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ וַ ִיְב‬seven times 1–5

6–7

Judg 1:7 1 Sam 5:1

Ezek 19:9 {Ezek 19:8} 2 Kgs 23:30 2 Chr 22:9 Jer 26:23

̇‫)ויבאהו( ]ויביאהו[ ז‬

Mm

‫אדני בזק‬ ‫ופלשתים‬ ‫בסוגר‬ {‫}ממדינות‬ ‫וירכבהו‬ ‫אחזיהו‬ ‫אוריהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective second ‫וַ ִיְב ֻאהוּ( י‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)וַ ִיְב‬, in the pl., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x), written plene and defective second ‫י‬, in the sg. (‫וַ ִיְב ֵאהוּ‬/‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ ;)וַ ִיְב‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §1K.

All the highlighted Mp notes read seven times except for the one at 1 Sam 5:1, which reads six times defective (second ‫ )י‬because it does not include the form here at Judg 1:7 that is written plene second ‫יאהוּ( י‬ ֻ ‫)וַ ִיְב‬. In the Mm, in place of a catchword for the Ezek 19:4 reference, a catchword ‫ִמ ְמּ ִדינוֹת‬ from Ezek 19:8 has mistakenly been written.

JUDGES

7

JUDGES 1:8 ‫ת־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ִשׁ ְלּ ֥חוּ ָב ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ָ ‫י־ח ֶרב וְ ֶא‬ ֑ ָ ‫וּה ְל ִפ‬ ָ ‫אוֹתהּ וַ יַּ ֖כּ‬ ָ֔ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם וַ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֣דוּ‬ ָ ‫הוּד ֙ה ִבּ ֣יר‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ָלּ ֲח ֤מוּ ְב ֵנֽי־י‬ 1:8

‫כּוּה‬ ָ ַ‫וַ יּ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Josh 10:35; 10:37; Judg 1:8; 2 Kgs 3:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with this sfx., possibly to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (50x) without this sfx. (‫)וַ יַּ כּוּ‬. 1:8

‫ת־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 1:8; 18:27; 2 Kgs 20:6; Isa 38:6; Jer 19:11 Jer 23:39; 26:6; 38:23

—————————— ‫ וְ ֶאת ָה ִﬠיר‬eight times 1–5

6–8

‫ואת העיר ̇ח‬

Mm

Judg 1:8 Judg 18:27 �‫ וְ ה ַֹס ְפ ִתּי ַﬠל־יָ ֶמי‬of Kings (2 Kgs 20:6) ‫וּמ ַכּף ֶמ ֶל�־אַשּׁוּר‬ ִ of Isaiah (Isa 38:6) Jer 26:6 Jer 19:11 Jer 23:39 Jer 38:23

‫וילחמו בני יהודה‬ ‫והמה לקחו‬ ‫)והוספתי( ]והספתי[ על ימיך דמלכים‬ ‫ומכף מלך אשור דישעיהו‬ ‫ונתתי את הבית‬ ‫ככה‬ ‫ונטשתי‬ ‫ואת כל נשיך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) without a cj.

The addition of Kings to the catchwords of the 2 Kgs 20:6 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in Isa 38:6. Similarly, the addition of Isaiah to the catchwords of the Isa 38:6 reference is to distinguish that verse from its parallel in 2 Kgs 20:6. 1:8

‫ִשׁ ְלּחוּ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 1:8; 20:48; Jer 34:11; 2 Chr 24:23

8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a daḡeš in the ‫( ל‬piel perf.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a daḡeš (‫)שׁ ְלחוּ‬, ִ and from its three occurrences in the pausal form ‫;שׁ ֵלּחוּ‬ ִ see directly below at Judg 1:25.

JUDGES 1:9 ‫יוֹשׁב ָה ָ֔הר וְ ַה ֶנּ֖ גֶ ב וְ ַה ְשּׁ ֵפ ָ ֽלה׃‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הוּדה ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֖חם ַ ֽבּ ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֑י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫דוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י י‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַא ַ֗חר ָי ְֽ ר‬ 1:9

‫יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ

Fourteen times plene in the book 1–4

Judg 1:9; 1:17; 4:2; 11:21

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of fourteen times is incorrect since there are only four occurrences of this lemma in the book. It is most probable that the addition of the ‫ י‬in the numeral of the note (‫ )י̇ ̇ד‬is erroneous; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the book written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its six occurrences in the book written defective ‫)י ֵֹשׁב( ו‬.

The Mp heading to Judg 11:21 correctly reads four times plene in the book as do both MC and MA here.

JUDGES 1:11 ‫יַת־ס ֶפר׃‬ ֽ ֵ ‫ם־דּ ִ ֥ביר ְל ָפ ִנ֖ים ִק ְר‬ ְ ‫ל־יוֹשׁ ֵ ֖בי ְדּ ִ ֑ביר וְ ֵשׁ‬ ְ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ִמ ָ֔שּׁם ֶא‬ 1:11

‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ

Thirty-four times plene

Com.: See Josh 15:63.

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל ̇ד‬

Mp

JUDGES 1:14 ‫ה־לּ�׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ר־להּ ָכּ ֵל֖ב ַמ‬ ֥ ָ ‫אמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יה ַה ָשּׂ ֶ ֔דה וַ ִתּ ְצ ַנ֖ח ֵמ ַﬠ֣ל ַה ֲח ֑מוֹר וַ ֽיּ‬ ָ֙ ‫ת־א ִ֨ב‬ ָ ‫הוּ ִל ְשׁ ֤אוֹל ֵ ֽמ ֵא‬ ֙ ‫ית‬ ֵ֨ ‫בוֹאהּ וַ ְתּ ִס‬ ָ֗ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ְבּ‬ 1:14

‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ ְתּ ִס‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 15:18.

JUDGES 1:14

‫ִל ְשׁאוֹל‬

‫ ִל ְשׁאֹל‬six times defective* 1–5

6

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫לשאול ו‬

‫יתהוּ‬ ֵ ‫ וַ ְתּ ִס‬of Judges (Judg 1:14) 1 Sam 12:19 ‫ ְל ָשׁלוֹם‬of Samuel (2 Sam 8:10) Jer 15:5 Ps 78:18 Job 31:30

9

Mm ‫ותסיתהו דש ̇פ‬ [‫כי יספנו על )כן( ]כל‬ ‫דשמוא‬ ̇ ‫לשלום‬ ‫ומי יסור לשאל‬ ‫וינסו אל בלבבם‬ ‫לשאל באלה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) written plene ‫)ל ְשׁאוֹל( ו‬. ִ This distinction is implied in the Mm in the additional notation of Judges to the Judg 1:14 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in Josh 15:8, where the lemma occurs written plene ‫ ו‬as ‫ל ְשׁאוֹל‬.ִ It is also implied in the additional notation of Samuel to the 2 Sam 8:10 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:10, where the lemma occurs in the kəṯîḇ written plene ‫ ו‬as ‫לשאול‬.

* ML, contrary to M (‫)ל ְשׁאֹל‬, ִ only has five occurrences of this lemma since it writes the form here plene ‫;)ל ְשׁאוֹל( ו‬ ִ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 56. However, the Mp headings at 1 Sam 12:19, 2 Sam 8:10, Jer 15:5, and the Mm heading and listings here, and at 2 Sam 8:10 and Ps 78:18, of six times support the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

Both MC and MA read ‫ל ְשׁאֹל‬,ִ and both have a Mp note here reading six times defective. 1:14

‫יה ַה ָשּׂ ֶדה‬ ָ ‫ָא ִב‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that occur once with the def. article within the phrase (here), and once without this def. article (Josh 15:18); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §3, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §3. 1:14

‫וַ ִתּ ְצנַ ח‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 15:18; Judg 1:14; 4:21

10

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 1:15 ‫ן־ל֣הּ ָכּ ֗ ֵלב ֵ ֚את גֻּ �֣ ת ִﬠ ֔ ִלּית‬ ָ ‫יִּתּ‬ ֶ ַ‫ה־לּי ְב ָר ָ֗כה ִ ֣כּי ֶ ֤א ֶרץ ַה ֶ֨נּגֶ ֙ב נְ ַת ָ֔תּנִ י וְ נָ ַת ָ ֥תּה ִ ֖לי גֻּ �֣ ת ָ ֑מיִ ם ו‬ ֣ ִ ‫אמר ֜לוֹ ָ ֽה ָב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨תּ‬ ‫וְ ֵ ֖את גֻּ �֥ ת ַתּ ְח ִ ֽתּית׃ פ‬ 1:15

‫נְ ַת ָתּנִ י‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Josh 15:19; Judg 1:15 1:15

‫גֻּ �ת‬2

Seven times defective

Com.: See Josh 15:19a.

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

JUDGES 1:16 �‫הוּדה ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֶ ֣נ גֶ ב ֲﬠ ָ ֑רד וַ יֵּ ֶ֖ל‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ִמ ְד ַ ֣בּר י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֣י י‬ ְ ‫וּב ֵנ֣י ֵקינִ י֩ ח ֵֹ֨תן מ ֶֹ֜שׁה ָﬠ ֨לוּ ֵמ ִ ֤ﬠיר ַה ְתּ ָמ ִר ֙ים ֶא‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ָ ֽﬠם׃‬ ָ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥שׁב ֶא‬ 1:16 Unique

‫וּבנֵ י ֵקינִ י‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occurs only once with a preceding ‫וּבנֵ י‬ ְ ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §366. 1:16

Unique 1:16

Unique

‫ְבּנֶ גֶ ב ֲﬠ ָרד‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ יֵּ ֶל� וַ יֵּ ֶשׁב ֶאת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish it from its occurrence without ‫ ֶאת‬at 1 Kgs 17:5. Com.: In ML two circelli have been placed on this phrase, but in MC these are placed on ‫ת־ה ָﬠם‬ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ֶשׁב ֶא‬. BHS has extended the lemma to include the following word (�‫וַ יֵּ ֶל‬ ‫ת־ה ָﬠם‬ ָ ‫)וַ יֵּ ֶשׁב ֶא‬.

JUDGES

11

JUDGES 1:17 ‫ם־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ת־שׁ‬ ֵ ‫אוֹתהּ וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֥רא ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫יוֹשׁב ְצ ַ ֑פת וַ יַּ ֲח ִ ֣רימוּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֖י‬ ֽ ַ ‫ת־שׁ ְמ ֣ﬠוֹן ָא ִ֔חיו וַ יַּ ֕כּוּ ֶא‬ ִ ‫הוּד ֙ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֤ל� י‬ ‫ָח ְר ָ ֽמה׃‬ 1:17

‫ְצ ַפת‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

1:17

‫ם־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ת־שׁ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 1:17; 1 Kgs 16:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this phrase with the accusative particle ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from the sole occurrence of this phrase without ‫ֶאת‬ at Gen 4:17.

In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase, one on ‫ וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ֶאת‬and one on ‫ם־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫שׁ‬. ֵ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

JUDGES 1:19 ‫י־ר ֶכב ַבּ ְר ֶז֖ל ָל ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ישׁ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵב֣י ָה ֔ ֵﬠ ֶמק ִכּ‬ ֙ ‫הוֹר‬ ִ ‫ת־ה ָ ֑הר ִ ֣כּי ֤ל ֹא ְל‬ ָ ‫הוּדה וַ ֹ֖יּ ֶרשׁ ֶא‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ ֤הי יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶאת־י‬ 1:19 Six times 1–5 6–8

‫וַ יְ ִהי יְ הוָ ה‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 39:2; 39:21; Josh 6:27; Judg 1:19; 2 Sam 22:19 Ps 18:19; 94:22; 2 Chr 17:3

The Mp heading here and at 2 Chr 17:3 of six times is inexact since there are eight occurrences of this lemma.

The note more precisely should have read, as it does in MC, either six times at the beginning of a verse (all the above references except 2 Sam 22:19 and Ps 18:19), or six times in the Prophets and Writings (all the above references except Gen 39:2 and 39:21). MA has no note here.

The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its five occurrences without this ‫)יְ ִהי יְ הוָ ה( ו‬.

12 1:19

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וַ יּ ֶֹרשׁ‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See Josh 15:14.

Mp

JUDGES 1:21 ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם‬ ָ ‫מן ִבּ ֣יר‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֤י ִבנְ י‬ ְ ‫יְבוּסי ֶא‬ ִ֜ ‫הוֹרישׁוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ִבנְ יָ ִ ֑מן וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶשׁב ַה‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּשׁ ֔ ַל ִם ֥ל ֹא‬ ָ ‫יְבוּסי י ֵ ֹ֣שׁב יְ ֽר‬ ֙ ִ ‫ת־ה‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫ַה ֶזּֽה׃ ס‬ 1:21

�‫רוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ְ‫י ֵֹשׁב י‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 1:21; Isa 5:3 (‫;)יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ 8:14 (‫יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ ‫;)ל‬ ְ 22:21 (‫יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ ‫;)ל‬ ְ Zech 12:7 Zech 12:8 (‫;)יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ 12:10 (‫)יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of ‫ י ֵֹשׁב‬in various forms with �‫רוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ְ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences in various forms with �‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫ִבּ‬ (�‫ירוּשׁ ַל‬ ָ ‫י ֵֹשׁב ִבּ‬/‫יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ ).

JUDGES 1:22 ‫ֽיהו֖ה ִﬠ ָ ֽמּם׃‬ ָ ‫ית־אל ַו‬ ֑ ֵ ‫ם־הם ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֖ ֵ ַ‫ית־יוֹסף גּ‬ ֵ֛ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֧ וּ ֵב‬ 1:22

‫ם־הם‬ ֵ ַ‫גּ‬

Three times in the Prophets

Judg 1:22; Ezek 10:16; 31:17

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) in the Torah and Writings.

JUDGES 1:23 1:23 Unique

‫ם־ה ִ ֥ﬠיר ְל ָפ ִנ֖ים ֽלוּז׃‬ ָ ‫ית־אל וְ ֵשׁ‬ ֑ ֵ ‫ית־יוֹסף ְבּ ֵ ֽב‬ ֵ֖ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֥תירוּ ֵב‬ ‫וַ יָּ ִתירוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

13

JUDGES 1:24 ‫ת־מ ֣בוֹא ָה ֔ ִﬠיר וְ ָﬠ ִ ֥שׂינוּ ִﬠ ְמּ�֖ ָ ֽח ֶסד׃‬ ְ ‫אמרוּ ֗לוֹ ַה ְר ֵ ֤אנוּ נָ ֙א ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫ן־ה ִ ֑ﬠיר וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ‫יוֹצ֣א ִמ‬ ֵ ‫אוּ ַה ֣שּׁ ֹ ְמ ִ ֔רים ִ ֖אישׁ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְר‬ 1:24

‫יוֹצא‬ ֵ

Nine times plene

Com.: See Josh 6:1. 1:24

‫ַה ְר ֵאנוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 1:24; Ps 85:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the pl. sfx., possibly to distinguish them from its single occurrence with the sg. sfx. (‫)ה ְר ֵאנִ י‬ ַ at Exod 33:18

JUDGES 1:25 ‫ל־מ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ֖תּוֹ ִשׁ ֵלּֽחוּ׃‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ִ ֥אישׁ וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫י־ח ֶרב וְ ֶא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ְל ִפ‬ ָ ‫ת־מ ֣בוֹא ָה ֔ ִﬠיר וַ יַּ ֥כּוּ ֶא‬ ְ ‫וַ יַּ ְר ֵא ֙ם ֶא‬ 1:25

‫ל־מ ְשׁ ַפּ ְחתּוֹ‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

1:25

‫ִשׁ ֵלּחוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 1:25; Job 30:11; 30:12 ——————————

14

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ִשׁ ֵלּחוּ‬three times, and their references

Judg 1:25 Job 30:11 Job 30:12

‫שלחו ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ואת כל משפחתו שלחו‬ [‫ורסן )מתעה( ]מפני‬ ‫רגלי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in pause with a ṣerê under the ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences with a šəwâ under the ‫ל‬ (‫) ִשׁ ְלּחוּ‬, one of which occurs in v. 8; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §300, and Judg 1:8. In the Mm, at the Job 30:11 reference, the catchwords ‫ וְ ֶר ֶסן ִמ ָפּנַ י‬were mistakenly written as ‫וְ ֶר ֶסן ַמ ְת ֶﬠה‬, a phrase that occurs in Isa 30:28.

JUDGES 1:26 ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ָה ִ֔אישׁ ֶ ֖א ֶרץ ַה ִח ִ ֑תּים וַ ִיּ ֶ֣בן ֗ ִﬠיר וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֤רא ְשׁ ָמ ֙הּ ֔לוּז ֣הוּא ְשׁ ָ֔מהּ ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ 1:26

‫וַ יֵּ ֶל� ָה ִאישׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 1:26; 17:8

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of �‫ וַ יֵּ ֶל‬with ‫ה ִאישׁ‬,ָ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ )וַ יֵּ ֶל� ִאישׁ( ִאישׁ‬at Exod 2:1 and Ruth 1:1. 1:26

Five times

‫ַה ִח ִתּים‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

1–5

Josh 1:4; Judg 1:26; 1 Kgs 10:29; 2 Kgs 7:6; 2 Chr 1:17

1:26

‫וַ יִּ ְק ָרא ְשׁ ָמהּ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of the pl. form ‫ ַה ִח ִתּים‬referring to the Hittites, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (31x) in the sing. (‫)ה ִח ִתּי‬. ַ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 26:21; 26:22; Judg 1:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this phrase without ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ ֶאת‬at 1 Sam 7:12 and 2 Kgs 14:7.

JUDGES

15

JUDGES 1:27 ‫יה וְ ֶאת־י ֹ ְשׁ ֵ֨ב ֜דוֹר וְ ֶאת־‬ ֒ ָ ‫ת־בּנ ֶֹת‬ ְ ‫ת־תּ ְﬠ ַנ֣ � וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫יה וְ ֶא‬ ֮ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ ‫ת־בּ‬ ְ ‫ית־שׁ ָ ֣אן וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ת־בּ‬ ֵ ‫א־הוֹרישׁ ְמנַ ֶ֗שּׁה ֶא‬ ִ֣ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫וֹאל֙ ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִ֔ני ָל ֶ ֖שׁ ֶבת‬ ֶ ֨‫יה וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ת־בּ‬ ְ ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵ ֥בי ְמגִ ֖דּוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫יה וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־בּנ ֶֹ֔ת‬ ְ ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵב֤י ְיִב ְל ָﬠ ֙ם וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫יה וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ֗ ‫ְבּ‬ ‫ָבּ ָ ֥א ֶרץ ַה ֽזּ ֹאת׃‬ 1:27

‫א־הוֹרישׁ‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its four occurrences without a cj., all four of which occur in this chapter in vv. 29, 30, 31, and 33. 1:27

‫יה‬ ָ ‫ ְבּנ ֶֹת‬1

Twice in the book Judg 1:27a; 1:27b

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with defective ‫ ו‬that occur in this book, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) in other books (Numbers and Chronicles). 1:27

‫י ְֹשׁ ֵב‬

Read ‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ

‫יושבי ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ישב‬, and the qərê (‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations, where a word ending in a ‫ י‬is read even though it is not written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §126, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §110, and Gordis, The Biblical Text, 97. 1:27

‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬2

Nine times 1–5 6–9

‫̇ט‬

Mp

ְ ‫י‬, qərê); 1:27b; 1:27c; 1:30 Josh 17:11 (‫ ;)י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬Judg 1:27a (‫וֹשׁ ֵבי‬ Judg 1:31; 1:33 (‫ ;)י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬2 Chr 21:13 (‫ ;)י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬2 Chr 32:22 (‫)י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬

——————————

16

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫ וְ ֶא‬nine times, and their references 1–5

6–9

Josh 17:11 Judg 1:27a three times in it (Judg 1:27b; Judg 1:27c) Judg 1:30 Judg 1:31 Judg 1:33 2 Chr 32:22 2 Chr 21:13

‫ואת יושבי ̇ט וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ויהי למנשה‬ ‫ולא הוריש מנשה ̇ג בו‬ ‫זבולן‬ ‫אשר‬ ‫נפתלי‬ ‫ויושע יהוה‬ ‫ותזנה את יהודה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective ‫ו‬, with ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (29x), written plene and defective ‫ו‬, without ‫וְ י ְֹשׁ ֵבי( ֶאת‬/‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ְ‫)ו‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm of 2 Chr 32:22, where there is an addition of the first time in the verse to the catchword of the Josh 17:11 reference, to distinguish the occurrence of the lemma ‫ וְ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬from the three occurrences later on in the verse of ‫וְ י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬. 1:27

‫יּוֹאל‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 17:12.

JUDGES 1:28 ‫ישׁוֹ׃ ס‬ ֽ ‫הוֹר‬ ִ ‫הוֹרישׁ ֥ל ֹא‬ ֖ ֵ ְ‫ת־ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֖י ָל ַ ֑מס ו‬ ֽ ַ ‫י־ח ַז֣ק יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ ָיּ ֶ֥שׂם ֶא‬ ָ ‫הי ִ ֽכּ‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ 1:28 Five times 1–5

‫ָחזַ ק‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 41:57; 47:20; Judg 1:28; 2 Kgs 3:26; 1 Chr 21:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ז‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) with a qameṣ under the ‫)חזָ ק( ז‬. ָ

This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mp at Gen 41:57, 47:20 and 1 Chr 21:4 (‫)ה‬, ַ֗ and in the headings of the Mm at Gen 41:57 and 1 Chr 21:4 (‫) ̇ה פתח‬, where the form occurring five times with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ ז‬is contrasted with forms with another vowel under the ‫ז‬, which can only be a qameṣ; see also Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

JUDGES 1:28

‫הוֹרישׁ‬ ֵ ְ‫ו‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

17

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences written defective ‫הוֹרשׁ( י‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬at Josh 3:10 and 17:13.

JUDGES 1:29 ‫יּוֹשׁב ְבּ ָג֑ זֶ ר וַ יֵּ ֶ֧שׁב ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֛י ְבּ ִק ְר ֖בּוֹ ְבּ ָגֽ זֶ ר׃ פ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֖י ַה‬ ֽ ַ ‫הוֹרישׁ ֶא‬ ֔ ִ ‫וְ ֶא ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ֣ל ֹא‬ 1:29 Five times 1–5

‫וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 1:29; Jer 31:9; Hos 5:5; 9:13; 10:11

——————————

‫ וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬five times, and their references 1–5

Judg 1:29 Jer 31:9 Hos 9:13 Hos 5:5 Hos 10:11

‫ואפרים ̇ה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫)ולא( ]לא[ הוריש‬ ‫בכרי‬ ‫להוציא‬ ‫וישראל‬ ‫מלמדה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma standing alone, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) when it is preceded by ‫ְמנַ ֶשּׁה‬ (‫) ְמנַ ֶשּׁה וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬. This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at Hos 5:5 and the Mm at Jer 31:9, which reads five times and similarly all ‫ ְמנַ ֶשּׁה וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬, that is, ‫ וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬occurs five times as well as all times with a preceding ‫מנַ ֶשּׁה‬. ְ

The Mm at Hos 9:13 notes that two of these five occurrences of ‫( וְ ֶא ְפ ַריִם‬here and Hos 10:11) are at the beginning of a verse.

18

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 1:30 ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵ ֖בי נַ ֲה�֑ ל וַ ֵיּ ֶ֤שׁב ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ ֙י ְבּ ִק ְר ֔בּוֹ וַ ִיּ ְֽהי֖ וּ ָל ַ ֽמס׃ ס‬ ְ ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵב֣י ִק ְט ֔רוֹן וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ישׁ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫הוֹר‬ ִ ‫בוּלן ֤ל ֹא‬ ֻ ֗ ְ‫ז‬ 1:30

‫ִק ְטרוֹן‬

Unique 1:30

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫נַ ֲה�ל‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ḥolem, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫ )נַ ֲה ָלל‬at Josh 21:35.

JUDGES 1:31 ‫ת־א ִ ֖פיק‬ ֲ ‫ת־ח ְל ָ֔בּה וְ ֶא‬ ֶ ‫ת־א ְכזִ ֙יב וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־א ְח ָל֤ב וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵ ֖בי ִצ ֑ידוֹן וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ישׁ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵב֣י ַﬠ ֔כּוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫הוֹר‬ ִ ‫ָא ֵ֗שׁר ֤ל ֹא‬ ‫ת־ר ֽחֹב׃‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 1:31

‫ַﬠכּוֹ‬

Unique 1:31

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Nine times

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 1:27. 1:31

Unique 1:31

Unique 1–2

‫אַח ָלב‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ֶח ְל ָבּה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Lev 4:35; Judg 1:31

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MC and MA, of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

JUDGES

19

Some other mss. and printed editions, such as Miqra’ot Gedolot, read the form at Lev. 4:35 with a mappîq (‫;)ח ְל ָבּהּ‬ ֶ see BHS, ad loc., and the lemma here is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that do not end in a mappîq (which assumes that, in contrast, the form in Lev. 4:35 does have a mappîq); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §43, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §44. 1:31

‫ֲא ִפיק‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 1:32 ‫ישׁוֹ׃ ס‬ ֽ ‫הוֹר‬ ִ ‫וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶשׁ ֙ב ָה ָ ֣א ֵשׁ ִ ֔רי ְבּ ֶ ֥ ק ֶרב ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֖י י ְֹשׁ ֵב֣י ָה ָ ֑א ֶרץ ִ ֖כּי ֥ל ֹא‬ 1:32

‫ָה ָא ֵשׁ ִרי‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 1:33 ‫ית־ﬠ ֔ ָנת וַ ֵ֕יּ ֶשׁב ְבּ ֶ ֥ ק ֶרב ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֖י י ְֹשׁ ֵב֣י ָה ָ ֑א ֶרץ‬ ֲ ‫ית־שׁ ֶמ ֙שׁ וְ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵב֣י ֵב‬ ֶ֨ ‫א־הוֹרישׁ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵב֤י ֵ ֽב‬ ִ֞ ֹ ‫נַ ְפ ָתּ ֗ ִלי ֽל‬ ‫ית־שׁ ֶמ ֙שׁ ֵוּב֣ית ֲﬠ ָ֔נת ָהי֥ וּ ָל ֶ ֖הם ָל ַ ֽמס׃ ס‬ ֶ֨ ‫וְ י ְֹשׁ ֵב֤י ֵ ֽב‬ 1:33

‫וְ ֶאת־י ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬

Nine times

Mp

‫̇ט‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 1:27.

JUDGES 1:34 ‫י־ל ֹא נְ ָתנ֖ וֹ ָל ֶ ֥ר ֶדת ָל ֵ ֽﬠ ֶמק׃‬ ֥ ‫י־דן ָה ָ ֑ה ָרה ִכּ‬ ֖ ָ ֵ‫ת־בּנ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְל ֲח ֧צוּ ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֛רי ֶא‬ 1:34 Unique 1:34

‫וַ יִּ ְל ֲחצוּ‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ָה ָה ָרה‬

Thirteen times

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 2:16.

Mp

20

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

1:34

‫נְ ָתנוֹ‬

Five times 1–5

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Gen 31:7; Judg 1:34; 15:1; 1 Sam 18:2; 23:14

—————————— ‫ נְ ָתנוֹ‬five times

1–5

‫נתנו ̇ה‬

Gen 31:7 Judg 1:34 Judg 15:1 1 Sam 18:2 1 Sam 23:14

And once (‫)וּנְ ָתנוֹ‬: Deut 21:10

Mm ‫ואביכן‬ ‫וילחצו‬ [‫)מימיהם( ]מימים‬ [‫)ויקהו( ]ויקחהו‬ ‫במצדות‬ ‫וחד ונתנו יהוה אלהיך בידך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a masc. sfx., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (53x) as a 3rd pers. pl. (‫)נָ ְתנוּ‬.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 136v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom of the following folio 137r.

JUDGES 1:35 ‫ית־יוֹסף וַ יִּ ְהי֖ וּ ָל ַ ֽמס׃‬ ֵ֔ ‫וּב ַ ֽשׁ ַﬠ ְל ִ ֑בים וַ ִתּ ְכ ַבּ ֙ד ַי֣ד ֵבּ‬ ְ ‫ר־ח ֶרס ְבּ ַאיָּ ל֖ וֹן‬ ֶ֔ ‫שׁ ֶבת ְבּ ַה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ֹרי ָל‬ ֙ ִ ‫וֹאל ָ ֽה ֱאמ‬ ֶ ֤‫וַ יּ‬ 1:35

‫יּוֹאל‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Seven times

Com.: See Josh 17:12. 1:35

‫ְבּאַיָּ לוֹן‬

Nine times

Com.: See Josh 10:12. 1:35

‫וּב ַשׁ ַﬠ ְל ִבים‬ ְ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 1:35; 1 Kgs 4:9

JUDGES

21

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with ‫ ;וּב‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §62, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §63.

JUDGES 1:36 ‫וּגְ בוּל֙ ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֔רי ִ ֽמ ַמּ ֲﬠ ֵל֖ה ַﬠ ְק ַר ִ ֑בּים ֵמ ַה ֶ ֖סּ ַלע וָ ָ ֽמ ְﬠ ָלה׃ פ‬ 1:36

‫ֵמ ַה ֶסּ ַלע‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬, whereas normally it is with the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬as in ‫ִמן ַה ֶסּ ַלע‬ (Num 20:8 and Judg 15:13); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §195, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §150.

JUDGES 2:1 ‫אמר֩ ַא ֲﬠ ֨ ֶלה ֶא ְת ֶ֜כם ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֗ריִם וָ ָא ִ ֤ביא ֶא ְת ֶכ ֙ם ֶאל־‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־הבּ ִ ֹ֑כים פ וַ יּ‬ ַ ‫ן־הגִּ ְל ָגּ֖ל ֶא‬ ַ ‫הו֛ה ִמ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֧ﬠל ַמ ְל ַא�־י‬ ‫עוֹלם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫יתי ִא ְתּ ֶכ֖ם ְל‬ ֛ ִ ‫א־א ֵ ֧פר ְבּ ִר‬ ָ ֹ ‫יכם וָ א ַֹ֕מר ֽל‬ ֶ֔ ‫תּי ַל ֲא ֣בֹ ֵת‬ ֙ ִ ‫שׁר נִ ְשׁ ַ֨בּ ְﬠ‬ ֤ ֶ ‫ָה ָ֗א ֶרץ ֲא‬ 2:1

‫אַﬠ ֶלה‬ ֲ

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Exod 3:17; Judg 2:1; 1 Sam 28:11; 2 Sam 24:24; Jer 30:17 Jer 46:8; Ps 66:15; 137:6

——————————

‫אַﬠ ֶלה‬ ֲ eight times, and their references 1–5

6–8

Exod 3:17 Judg 2:1 1 Sam 28:11 2 Sam 24:24 Jer 30:17 Jer 46:8 Ps 66:15 Ps 137:6

( = ‫) וָ א ַֹמר‬ ( = �‫)מ ְלאַ‬ ַ ( = ‫) ָה ִא ָשּׁה‬ ( = ‫)א ַרוְ נָ ה‬ ֲ ( = ‫)א ֻר ָכה‬ ֲ ( = ‫)א ַכ ֶסּה‬ ֲ ( = ‫)קט ֶֹרת‬ ְ (= ‫רוּשׁ ַל ִם‬ ָ ְ‫)י‬

‫אעלה ̇ח וסימנהון‬ ‫אמר‬ ‫מלאכה‬ ‫לאתתה‬ ‫דארונה‬ ‫אריך‬ ‫למכסויה‬ ‫קוטרתה‬ ‫דירושלם‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) in the qal (‫;)א ֱﬠ ֶלה‬ ֶ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §8B.

22

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mp at Ps 137:6 (‫)ח‬, ַ and of the Mm at Exod 3:17, which reads eight times with paṯaḥ, thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel under the ‫ א‬or ‫ע‬, which can only be a səḡôl.

The catchwords in the Mm are given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic: “The angel said to his wife that the ark is long enough to cover the incense of Jerusalem”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 54–56.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 136v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom of the following folio 137r. 2:1

‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫ַל ֲאב ֵֹת‬

Unique defective in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MA, of unique defective in the book is correct, but there are no occurrences of this lemma in the book written plene ‫ו‬. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book and defective; see Breuer, The Aleppo Codex, 212. MC has no note here. 2:1

‫א־א ֵפר‬ ָ ֹ‫ל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 2:2 ‫ה־זּ ֹאת‬ ֥ ‫א־שׁ ַמ ְﬠ ֶ ֥תּם ְבּק ִ ֹ֖לי ַמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם ִתּתּ ֹ֑צוּן וְ ֽל‬ ֖ ֶ ‫חוֹת‬ ֵ ‫וֹשׁ ֵ ֙בי ָה ָ ֣א ֶרץ ַה ֔זּ ֹאת ִמזְ ְבּ‬ ְ ֽ‫א־ת ְכ ְר ֤תוּ ְב ִר ֙ית ְלי‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ַא ֶ֗תּם ֽל‬ ‫יתם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ֲﬠ ִשׂ‬ 2:2

‫א־ת ְכ ְרתוּ‬ ִ ֹ‫ל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the pl., possibly to distinguish it from its three occurrences in the sg. (‫א־ת ְכר ֹת‬ ִ ֹ ‫)ל‬. 2:2

‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי ָה ָא ֶרץ ַהזֹּאת‬ ְ ‫ְל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 2:2; Jer 13:13 (‫;)ישׁ ֵבי‬ ְ 2 Chr 20:7 (‫)ישׁ ֵבי‬ ְ

JUDGES

23

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי ָה ָא ֶרץ‬ ְ ‫ ְל‬in various forms with the adj. ‫הזֹּאת‬,ַ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (27x) in various forms without this adjective. 2:2

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫חוֹת‬ ֵ ‫ִמזְ ְבּ‬

Thirteen times 1–3

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Deut 7:5 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫;)מזְ ְבּח ֵֹת‬ ִ Judg 2:2; Ezek 6:13

Com.: The Mp heading here of thirteen times is incorrect since there are only three occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the 3rd pl. sfx., possibly to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the 2nd pl. sfx. (‫יכם‬ ֶ ‫חוֹת‬ ֵ ‫)מזְ ְבּ‬. ִ

The Mp heading at Deut 7:5 incorrectly reads three times, twice defective and once plene. It should have read, as does the Mm of MA here, three times, twice plene and once defective. Both MC and MA correctly read here three times.

2:2

‫ִתּתֹּצוּן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 34:13; Judg 2:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paragogic ‫נ‬, to distinguish them from its occurrence without this ‫)תּתֹּצוּ( נ‬ ִ at Deut 7:5.

JUDGES 2:3 ‫יהם יִ ְהי֥ וּ ָל ֶכ֖ם ְלמוֹ ֵ ֽ קשׁ׃‬ ֶ֔ ‫אוֹתם ִמ ְפּנֵ ֶיכ֑ם וְ ָהי֤ וּ ָל ֶכ ֙ם ְל ִצ ִ ֔דּים וֵ א�֣ ֵה‬ ֖ ָ ‫א־אגָ ֵ ֥רשׁ‬ ֲ ֹ ‫וְ ַג֣ם ָא ַ֔מ ְר ִתּי ֽל‬ 2:3 Unique

‫ְל ִצ ִדּים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

24

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 2:4 ‫יִּב ֽכּוּ׃‬ ְ ַ‫ת־קוֹל֖ם ו‬ ָ ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֖י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֥אוּ ָה ָ ֛ﬠם ֶא‬ ְ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֣רים ָה ֵ֔א ֶלּה ֶ ֽא‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ְכּ ַד ֵ֞בּר ַמ ְל ַ ֤א� יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶא‬ 2:4

‫ל־כּל‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬

Twice in the book

Judg 2:4; 9:1 (‫ל־כּל‬ ָ ‫)וְ ֶא‬

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

—————————— ‫ל־כּל‬ ָ ‫ ֶא‬twice in the book Judg 2:4

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫אל כל ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויהי כדבר מלאך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences in the book of ‫ ָכּל‬with ‫וְ ֶאל‬/‫ ֶאל‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) in the book with ‫וְ ַﬠל‬/‫ַﬠל‬ (‫וְ ַﬠל ָכּל‬/‫ ;) ַﬠל ָכּל‬see Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §161E.

ְ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ ֶא‬but, since this phrase In ML two circelli have been placed on the phrase ‫ל־בּנֵ י‬ only occurs once in the book, it is most likely that, as in the Mm here and in the Mp at Judg 9:1, the note belongs only to the first two words.

JUDGES 2:6 ‫ת־ה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ָ ֑ﬠם וַ יֵּ ְל ֧כוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ִ ֥אישׁ ְלנַ ֲח ָל ֖תוֹ ָל ֶ ֥ר ֶשׁת ֶא‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ֶא‬ ֖ ֻ ְ‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַ ֥לּח י‬ 2:6

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–22

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 8:7; 8:8; 8:12; 19:29; 45:24 Exod 18:27; Num 21:6; 22:40; Josh 24:28; Judg 2:6 Judg 3:18; 15:5; 1 Sam 10:25; 11:7; 30:26 2 Sam 3:21; 18:2; 2 Kgs 5:24; 17:25; 17:26 2 Kgs 24:2; Ps 106:15

——————————

JUDGES ‫ וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬twenty-two times, and their references 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–20

21–22

Gen 8:7 Gen 8:8 Gen 8:12 Gen 19:29 Gen 45:24 Exod 18:27 Num 21:6 Num 22:40 Josh 24:28 Judg 2:6 Judg 3:18 Judg 15:5 1 Sam 10:25 1 Sam 11:7 1 Sam 30:26 2 Sam 3:21 2 Sam 18:2 2 Kgs 5:24 2 Kgs 17:25

2 Kgs 24:2 Ps 106:15

‫וישלח ̇כ ̇ב וסימנהון‬

25 Mm

[‫)העורב( ]הערב‬ ‫היונה‬ ‫היונה‬ ‫לוט‬ ‫את אחיו‬ ‫חתנו‬ ‫בעם‬ ‫ויזבח‬ ‫יהושע‬ ‫יהושע‬ ‫המנחה‬ ‫בקמות‬ ‫משפט‬ ‫צמד‬ [‫)ציקלג( ]צקלג‬ ‫ואקבצה‬ [‫)השלישית( ]השלשית‬ ‫העפל‬ ‫האריות‬ ‫גדודי‬ ‫רזון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-two occurrences of this lemma in the piel, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in the qal (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §20A. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 136v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom of the following folio 137r.

JUDGES 2:7 ‫שׁר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוֹשׁ ַוּ� ֲא‬ ֔ ְ‫יָמ ֙ים ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי י‬ ִ ‫יְמי ַהזְּ ֵק ִ֗נים ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ֶה ֱא ִ ֤ריכוּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� וְ ֣כֹל ׀‬ ֑ ֻ ְ‫הוה ֖כֹּל ֵיְמ֣י י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֤דוּ ָה ָﬠ ֙ם ֶאת־י‬ ‫שׂה יְ הוָ ֙ה ַהגָּ ֔דוֹל ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֤ ֵ ‫ל־מ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫ָר ֗אוּ ֵ ֣את ָכּ‬ 2:7

‫כֹּל‬

Five verses with the sequence ‫ ָכּל‬...‫וְ כֹל‬...‫כֹּל‬

‫̇ה פסוק כל וכל כל‬

Lev 11:42; Josh 24:31; Judg 2:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:3

Mp

26

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five verses with the sequence ‫ ָכּל‬...‫וְ כֹל‬...‫ ;כֹּל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §309, and Jobin, Concordance, 119–20.

In ML this lemma has no circellus. 2:7

‫יְמי‬ ֵ ‫וְ כֹל ׀‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 24:31.

There is a Mm note for this lemma which occurs on the top center of folio 136r. This note could go with Josh 24:31, which is found on the preceding folio 135v or with Judg 2:7 which is found on the following folio 136v. We have followed MC, which places the Mm at Josh 24:31, not here at Judg 2:7. 2:7

�‫הוֹשׁוּ‬ ַ ְ‫י‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 3:21; Judg 2:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene second ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) written defective second ‫הוֹשׁ ַ�( ו‬ ֻ ְ‫)י‬. 2:7

‫ל־מ ֲﬠ ֵשׂה יְ הוָ ה ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ַ ‫ֵאת ָכּ‬

‫ל־מ ֲﬠ ֵשׂה יְ הוָ ה ַהגָּ דוֹל‬ ַ ‫ ֵאת ָכּ‬twice

Deut 11:7 Judg 2:7

‫את כל מעשה יהוה הגדול ̇ב‬

‫עיניכם )הראות( ]הראת[ את כל מעשה יהוה‬ ‫אשר ראו את כל מעשה יהוה‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of the phrase ‫ל־מ ֲﬠ ֵשׂה יְ הוָ ה‬ ַ ‫ ֵאת ָכּ‬with ‫הגָּ דוֹל‬,ַ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without ‫ ַהגָּ דוֹל‬at Josh 24:31.

JUDGES 2:8 ‫ן־מ ָ ֥אה וָ ֶ ֖ﬠ ֶשׂר ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ ֵ ‫הו֑ה ֶבּ‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ִבּן־נ֖ וּן ֶﬠ ֶ֣בד י‬ ֥ ֻ ְ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֛מת י‬ 2:8 Twice

‫הוֹשׁ ַ� ִבּן־נוּן ֶﬠ ֶבד יְ הוָ ה‬ ֻ ְ‫י‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 24:29.

JUDGES

27

ֻ ְ‫ י‬and ‫בּן‬,ִ In ML there are only two circelli on this five-word phrase, one between �ַ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ and the other between ‫ ֶﬠ ֶבד‬and ‫יְ הוָ ה‬. With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

JUDGES 2:10 ‫הוה וְ גַ ֙ם‬ ָ֔ ְ‫עוּ ֶאת־י‬ ֙ ‫א־י ְֽ ד‬ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ל‬ ֤ ֶ ‫יהם ֲא‬ ֶ֗ ‫בוֹתיו וַ יָּ ָק ֩ם ֨דּוֹר ַא ֵ֜חר ַא ֲח ֵר‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫ל־ה ֣דּוֹר ַה ֔הוּא נֶ ֶא ְס ֖פוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ גַ ֙ם ָכּ‬ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֲﬠ ֶ֔שׂה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ ס‬ ֽ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 2:10

‫בוֹתיו‬ ָ ‫ֲא‬

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 2:10; Ps 49:20; 2 Chr 30:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (73x) written defective ‫ו‬ (‫)אב ָֹתיו‬. ֲ

JUDGES 2:12 ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֗רים‬ ֣ ִ ‫ם וַ יֵּ ְל ֞כוּ ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ׀ ֱא‬ ֒ ִ‫אוֹת ֮ם ֵמ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ִמ ְצ ַרי‬ ָ ‫מּוֹציא‬ ֣ ִ ‫בוֹתם ַה‬ ָ֗ ‫�הי ֲא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הו֣ה ׀ ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠזְ ֞בוּ ֶאת־י‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫יהם וַ ִ ֽיּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחו֖ וּ ָל ֶ ֑הם וַ יַּ ְכ ִ ֖ﬠסוּ ֶאת־י‬ ֶ֔ ‫וֹת‬ ֵ ‫�הי ָ ֽה ַﬠ ִמּ ֙ים ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ְס ִב ֣יב‬ ֤ ֵ ‫ֵמ ֱא‬ 2:12 Four times

‫בוֹתם‬ ָ ‫�הי ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ֱא‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 4:5 (‫;)אב ָֹתם‬ ֲ Deut 29:24 (‫;)אב ָֹתם‬ ֲ Judg 2:12; 2 Chr 28:6 —————————— ‫בוֹתם‬ ָ ‫�הי ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬four times

‫אלהי אבותם ̇ד‬

Exod 4:5 ‫ וְ ָא ְמרוּ ַﬠל ֲא ֶשׁר‬of Deuteronomy (Deut 29:24) Judg 2:12 2 Chr 28:6

Mm ‫למען יאמינו‬ ‫ואמרו על אשר דמשנה תורה‬ ‫ויעזבו >את< יהוה‬ ‫בעזבם את יהוה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫�הי‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬with ‫ ֲאב ָֹתם‬/‫בוֹתם‬ ָ ‫ ֲא‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) with ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫בוֹת‬ ֵ ‫�הי( ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ֱא‬ ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫בוֹת‬ ֵ ‫)א‬. ֲ

28

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of Deuteronomy to the Deut 29:24 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in 2 Chr 7:22, where the lemma occurs as ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫בוֹת‬ ֵ ‫�הי ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 137r but the Mm note appears on the top of the preceding folio 136v. 2:12

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫יבוֹת‬ ֵ ‫ְס ִב‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Gen 35:5*; Judg 2:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written defective ‫יהם( ו‬ ֶ ‫)ס ִביב ֵֹת‬. ְ

ֶ ‫יבוֹת‬ ֵ ‫)ס ִב‬, ְ writes the form at Gen 35:5 defective ‫יהם( ו‬ ֶ ‫;)ס ִביב ֵֹת‬ ְ * ML, contrary to M (‫יהם‬ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 6. However, both the Mp headings highlighted above, and the Mm heading at Gen 35:5, read twice plene, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. 2:12

‫וַ יַּ ְכ ִﬠסוּ‬

Five times defective 1–5 6

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 2:12; 1 Sam 1:7 (‫;)תּ ְכ ִﬠ ֶסנָּ ה‬ ַ Jer 7:18 (‫;)ה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬ ַ Jer 8:19 (‫;)ה ְכ ִﬠסוּנִ י‬ ִ 25:7 (‫הכעסוני‬, kəṯîḇ) Jer 32:29 (‫)ה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬ ַ

——————————

‫ וַ יַּ ְכ ִﬠסוּ‬five times defective in various forms 1–5

6

Judg 2:12 1 Sam 1:7 Jer 8:19 (qərê) ‫ ְל ַמ ַﬠן ַה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬of ‫( ְל ַרע‬Jer 25:7)

And similarly every form of ‫ַמ ְכ ִﬠ ִסים‬ apart from one: 1 Kgs 14:15

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫ויכעסו ̇ה‬

Mm

‫ויכעסו את יהוה‬ ‫כן תכעסנה ותבכה‬ ‫מדוע הכעסוני‬ ‫למען הכעסוני דלרע‬

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א והכה י̇ י‬ ̇ ‫וכל מכעסים‬

Com.: Both the Mp and Mm headings of five times defective are incorrect since there are six occurrences of this lemma.

JUDGES

29

The Masorah notes the six occurrences of hiphil forms of ‫ ָכּ ַﬠס‬written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (27x) written plene ‫ה ְכ ִﬠיס( י‬,ִ ‫יסהוּ‬ ֻ ‫יַ ְכ ִﬠ‬, etc.).

This distinction is implied in the additional notation of ‫ ְל ַמ ַﬠן ַה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬of ‫ ְל ַרע‬in the Jer 25:7 reference, which serves to contrast that reference with the two other occurrences of ‫ ְל ַמ ַﬠן ַה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬at 2 Kgs 22:17 and 2 Chr 34:25, where the lemma is written plene ‫י‬ (‫יסנִ י‬ ֵ ‫) ְל ַמ ַﬠן ַה ְכ ִﬠ‬.

The Mm has an additional note that the ptcp. form ‫ ַמ ְכ ִﬠ ִסים‬is also written defective ‫( י‬3x), apart from one case when it is written plene ‫יסים( י‬ ִ ‫)מ ְכ ִﬠ‬ ַ at 1 Kgs 14:15.

This note does not deal with the four forms of the infin with ‫)ל ַה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י( ל‬ ְ at Jer 11:17, 32:32, 44:3, and 44:8; see Dotan/Reich Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

The catchword in the Jer 25:7 reference is given in its kəṯîḇ form (‫הכעסוני‬, defective ‫ ;)י‬its qərê form is written plene ‫יסנִ י( י‬ ֵ ‫)ה ְכ ִﬠ‬. ַ The Mp heading for Jer 32:29 (‫)ה ְכ ִﬠ ֵסנִ י‬ ַ mistakenly reads unique defective (‫ )י‬in the Prophets. But this same form occurs also in Jer 7:18.

MA (and probably also MC, see Castro, El codice, 1:132) reads here unique defective noting the uniqueness of this particular form ‫וַ יַּ ְכ ִﬠסוּ‬.

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 137r but the Mm note appears on the top of the preceding folio 136v.

JUDGES 2:13 ‫הו֑ה וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֥דוּ ַל ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל וְ ָל ַﬠ ְשׁ ָתּ ֽרוֹת׃‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠזְ ֖בוּ ֶאת־י‬ 2:13 Unique

‫וְ ָל ַﬠ ְשׁ ָתּרוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence without this preposition (‫ )וְ ַﬠ ְשׁ ָתּרוֹת‬at Josh 13:31.

30

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 2:14 ‫יה ֙ם ִמ ָסּ ִ֔ביב וְ ֽל ֹא־יָ ְכל֣ וּ‬ ֶ ‫וֹיְב‬ ֵ ‫אוֹתם ַוֽ יִּ ְמ ְכּ ֵ ֞רם ְבּ ַי֤ד ֽא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ר־אף יְ הוָ ֙ה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַוֽ יִּ ְתּנֵ ֙ם ְבּיַ ד־שׁ ִֹ֔סים וַ יָּ ֖שׁ ֹסּוּ‬ ֤ ַ ‫וַ ִיּ ַֽח‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫אוֹיְב‬ ֵ ‫מד ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י‬ ֹ ֖ ‫֔עוֹד ַל ֲﬠ‬ 2:14

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫אוֹיְב‬ ֵ 1

Six times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

1–5 6

Judg 2:14a; 2:14b; Ps 78:53; 81:15; 106:42 2 Chr 20:27 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫אוֹיְב‬ ֵ ‫)מ‬ ֵ

2:14

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫אוֹיְב‬ ֵ 2

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (30x) written defective ‫ו‬ (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ֵמא ֵֹיְב‬/‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫)א ֵֹיְב‬. Six times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Com.: See directly above.

Mp

JUDGES 2:15 ‫הו֖ה ָל ֶ ֑הם וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥צר‬ ָ ְ‫שׁר נִ ְשׁ ַ ֥בּע י‬ ֛ ֶ ‫הוה וְ ַכ ֲא‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ה־בּ֣ם ְל ָר ֔ ָﬠה ַ ֽכּ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ִדּ ֶבּ֣ר י‬ ָ ‫יְת‬ ָ ‫שׁר יָ ְצ ֗אוּ יַ ד־יְ הוָ ֙ה ָה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ְבּ ֣כֹל ׀ ֲא‬ ‫אד׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ָל ֶ ֖הם ְמ‬ 2:15 Three times

‫וַ יֵּ ֶצר‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 32:8; Judg 2:15; 2 Sam 13:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma pointed this way, to distinguish them from forms with different vocalizations, such as ‫( וַ יָּ ַצר‬10x), ‫וְ יֵ ֶצר‬ (3x), or ‫( וַ יִּ ֶצר‬1x); see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §301.

The Mm for this lemma at 2 Sam 13:2 is given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic “Jacob swore to Amnon”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 74.

JUDGES

31

JUDGES 2:16 ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫וֹשׁ ֔יעוּם ִמ ַיּ֖ד שׁ ֵֹס‬ ִ ֣‫הו֖ה ֽשׁ ֹ ְפ ִ ֑טים וַ יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ ָיּ ֶ֥ קם י‬ 2:16

‫וַ יָּ ֶקם‬

Twenty times

Mp

‫̇כ‬

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20

Exod 40:18a; 40:18b; 40:33; Judg 2:16; 3:9 Judg 3:15; 1 Kgs 7:21a; 7:21b; 7:21c; 8:20 1 Kgs 11:14; 11:23; 16:32; 2 Kgs 21:3; Ps 40:3 Ps 78:5; Dan 9:12; 2 Chr 3:17; 6:10; 33:3

2:16

‫יּוֹשׁיעוּם‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in the qal (‫ ;)וַ יָּ ָקם‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §4A.

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur once with ‫ ו‬cj. (Neh 9:27), and once with ‫ ו‬consec. (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §46, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §47.

JUDGES 2:17 �‫ן־ה ֶ ֜דּ ֶר‬ ַ ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֔רים וַ ִ ֽיּ ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחו֖ וּ ָל ֶ ֑הם ָ ֣סרוּ ַמ ֵ֗הר ִמ‬ ֣ ִ ‫יה ֙ם ֣ל ֹא ָשׁ ֵ֔מעוּ ִ ֣כּי זָ נ֗ וּ ַ ֽא ֲח ֵ ֙רי ֱא‬ ֶ ‫וְ ַג֤ם ֶאל־ ֽשׁ ֹ ְפ ֵט‬ ‫א־ﬠשׂוּ ֵ ֽכן׃‬ ֥ ָ ֹ ‫הו֖ה ל‬ ָ ְ‫מ ַ� ִמ ְצוֹת־י‬ ֹ ֥ ‫בוֹתם ִל ְשׁ‬ ֛ ָ ‫ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ָה ְל ֧כוּ ֲא‬ 2:17

‫לֹא ָשׁ ֵמעוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 2:17; Mic 5:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) with a šəwâ (‫)לֹא ָשׁ ְמעוּ‬.

ָ but since there are more than two In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫שׁ ֵמעוּ‬, occurrences of this word, the note must refer to the phrase ‫לֹא ָשׁ ֵמעוּ‬, which only occurs twice. The circellus has been correctly placed on both words here in MA, and in ML at Mic 5:14. MC has no note here.

32

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 2:18 ‫שּׁוֹפ֑ט ִ ֽכּי־‬ ֵ ‫יהם ֖כֹּל יְ ֵ ֣מי ַה‬ ֶ֔ ‫א ֵיְב‬ ֹ ֽ ‫יﬠ ֙ם ִמיַּ ֣ד‬ ָ ‫וֹשׁ‬ ִ ‫ם־השּׁ ֵֹ֔פט וְ ֽה‬ ַ ‫ם וְ ָהיָ ֤ה יְ הוָ ֙ה ִﬠ‬ ֒ ‫הו֥ה ׀ ָל ֶה ֮ם ֽשׁ ֹ ְפ ִטי‬ ָ ְ‫י־ה ִ֨קים י‬ ֵ ‫וְ ִ ֽכ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫יהם וְ ד ֲֹח ֵק‬ ֖ ֶ ‫�ח ֵצ‬ ֲ ‫יִ נָּ ֵ ֤חם יְ הוָ ֙ה ִמ ַנּ ֲֽא ָק ָ֔תם ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֥י‬ 2:18

‫י־ה ִקים‬ ֵ ‫וְ ִכ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at 1 Sam 22:8. 2:18

Six times

‫וְ ָהיָ ה יְ הוָ ה‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

1–5 6

Gen 28:21; Judg 2:18; 1 Sam 24:16; 2 Kgs 18:7; Jer 17:7 Zech 14:9

2:18

‫יﬠם‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj. Mp

Judg 2:18; Zech 9:16

——————————

‫יﬠם‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫ ו‬twice and plene, and (their) references Judg 2:18 Zech 9:16

‫וסימ‬ ̇ ‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫והושיעם ̇ב‬

Mm

‫והושיעם מיד איביהם‬ ‫והושיעם )יי( ]יהוה[ אלהיהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish at Isa 63:9. them from its sole occurrence without a cj. (‫יﬠם‬ ָ ‫)הוֹשׁ‬ ִ

By noting that this lemma occurs twice and written plene ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫י‬. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that commence with ‫ ;וה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §63, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §64.

JUDGES 2:18

‫יִ נָּ ֵחם‬

Four times

33

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Exod 13:17; Judg 2:18; 1 Sam 15:29; Ps 110:4 —————————— ‫ יִ נָּ ֵחם‬four times Exod 13:17 Judg 2:18 1 Sam 15:29 Ps 110:4

‫ינחם ̇ד‬

Mm

‫כי אמר‬ ‫מנאקתם‬ ‫וגם נצח ישראל לא‬ ‫נשבע יהוה ולא ינחם‬

(‫)וְ יִ נָּ ֵחם‬: Jer 26:13

‫>וחד< וינחם יהוה )על( ]אל[ הרעה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the hiphil (‫ )יַ נְ ֵחם‬at Ps 78:72, and it sole occurrence in the piel (‫ )יְ נַ ֵחם‬at Job 29:25.

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ יִ נָּ ֵחם‬at Jer 26:13

This form is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ ו‬cj. and once with a cj. (Jer 26:13); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17. 2:18

Unique

‫ִמנַּ ֲא ָק ָתם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. at Exod 2:24. 2:18

Unique

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫וְ ד ֲֹח ֵק‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

34

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 2:19 ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֔רים ְל ָﬠ ְב ָ ֖דם‬ ֣ ִ ‫בוֹתם ָל ֗ ֶל ֶכת ַ ֽא ֲח ֵר֙י ֱא‬ ָ֔ ‫בוּ וְ ִה ְשׁ ִ ֣חיתוּ ֵ ֽמ ֲא‬ ֙ ‫שּׁוֹפט יָ ֻ֨שׁ‬ ֵ֗ ‫וְ ָה ָי֣ה ׀ ְבּ ֣מוֹת ַה‬ ‫וּמ ַדּ ְר ָ ֖כּם ַה ָקּ ָ ֽשׁה׃‬ ִ ‫יהם‬ ֶ֔ ‫ילוּ ִמ ַ ֣מּ ַﬠ ְל ֵל‬ ֙ ‫וּל ִה ְשׁ ַתּ ֲחוֹ֣ ת ָל ֶ ֑הם ֤ל ֹא ִה ִ֨פּ‬ ְ 2:19

‫שּׁוֹפט‬ ֵ ‫ַה‬

Twice plene

Judg 2:18; 2:19

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) written defective ‫)השּׁ ֵֹפט( ו‬. ַ 2:19

‫יָ ֻשׁבוּ‬

Seven times defective 1–5 6–7

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 2:19; 2 Sam 23:10; Jer 15:19; 24:7; Hos 3:5 Hos 14:8; Ps 6:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) written plene first ‫)יָ שׁוּבוּ( ו‬. All the Mp headings highlighted above read seven times except for Jer 24:7, which mistakenly reads three times. 2:19

Unique 2:19

Unique

‫בוֹתם‬ ָ ‫וְ ִה ְשׁ ִחיתוּ ֵמ ֲא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וּמ ַדּ ְר ָכּם ַה ָקּ ָשׁה‬ ִ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 2:21 ‫מת׃‬ ֹ ֽ ָ‫הוֹשׁ ַ� וַ יּ‬ ֖ ֻ ְ‫ר־ﬠ ַז֥ב י‬ ָ ‫ן־הגּוֹיִ ֛ם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫יהם ִמ‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫הוֹרישׁ ִ ֖אישׁ ִמ ְפּנ‬ ֥ ִ ‫אוֹסיף ְל‬ ִ֔ ‫ם־אנִ ֙י ֣ל ֹא‬ ֲ ַ‫גּ‬ 2:21

‫ם־אנִ י‬ ֲ ַ‫גּ‬

Six times at the beginning of a verse

‫פס‬ ̇ ‫ראש‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

JUDGES 1–5 6

35

Judg 2:21; Isa 66:4; Ezek 20:23; Ps 71:22; Prov 1:26 Job 7:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) at the beginning of a verse with a cj. (‫)וְ גַ ם ֲאנִ י‬.

JUDGES 2:22 ‫בוֹתם ִאם־‬ ֖ ָ ‫הוה ָל ֶל ֶ֣כת ָ֗בּם ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֛שׁר ָשׁ ְמ ֥רוּ ֲא‬ ֜ ָ ְ‫ת־דּ ֶר� י‬ ֨ ֶ ‫ְל ַ ֛מ ַﬠן נַ ֥סּוֹת ָ ֖בּם ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֲהשׁ ְֹמ ִ ֣רים ֵה ֩ם ֶא‬ ‫ֽל ֹא׃‬ 2:22 Unique

‫ֲהשׁ ְֹמ ִרים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena starting with ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §65, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §66. 2:22

‫ ָבּם‬2

Eight times where one might err 1–5 6–8

‫דמט‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 2:22b; Isa 6:13; 30:32 (qərê); 63:19; Jer 6:18 Hos 14:10a; 14:10b; Prov 28:4

——————————

‫ ָבּם‬eight times where one might err 1–5

6–8

Judg 2:22 Isa 6:13 Isa 63:19 Isa 30:32 Hos 14:10a Twice in the verse (Hos 14:10b) Jer 6:18 Prov 28:4

‫בם ̇ח דמטעין‬ ‫ללכת בם‬ ‫אשר בשלכת‬ ‫משלת‬ ‫ובמלחמות‬ ‫מי חכם ויבן‬ ‫שנים בפסוק‬ ‫ודעי עדה‬ ‫יתגרו‬

Mm

36

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

And six reverse cases

‫וחלופיהן שיתה‬

6

[‫ותירוש יכחש )בם( ]בה‬ ‫ויכו בה והכות‬ ‫הנשארים‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫ונכבדתי‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬

1–5

Hos 9:2 2 Kgs 3:24 2 Kgs 7:13a Twice in the verse (2 Kgs 7:13b) Ezek 28:22a Twice in the verse (Ezek 28:22b)

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight cases where there is a possibility of error in reading ‫ ָבּהּ‬instead of ‫בּם‬,ָ and six cases of the reverse, where there is a possibility of error in reading ‫ ָבּם‬instead of ‫בּהּ‬.ָ

Curiously in the Mp of Isa 30:32 there is a kəṯîḇ and qərê with just this possibility: the kəṯîḇ reads ‫בה‬, whereas the qərê, the preferred reading, reads ‫בּם‬.ָ

This lemma also occurs in a Masoretic list of verses in which ‫ ָבּם‬occurs twice: see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §334. 2:22

‫ִאם־לֹא‬

Seven times at the end (of a verse) 1–5 6–7

‫סוף‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 24:21; 27:21; 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23 Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma at the end of a verse, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (73x) at the beginning or middle of a verse. The Mp heading at Gen 27:21 of six times no doubt represents a graphic error of ‫ ו‬six for ‫ ז‬seven.

JUDGES 3:1 ‫ל־מ ְל ֲח ֥מוֹת‬ ִ ‫שׁר ֽל ֹא־יָ ְד ֔עוּ ֵ ֖את ָכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫הוה ְלנַ ֥סּוֹת ָ ֖בּם ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֵ ֚את ָכּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫שׁר ִה ִנּ ַ֣י� י‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֵ ֤א ֶלּה ַהגּוֹיִ ֙ם ֲא‬ ‫ְכּ ָנ ַֽﬠן׃‬ 3:1 Unique

‫וְ ֵא ֶלּה ַהגּוֹיִ ם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (17x) with the words reversed (‫ ;) ַהגּוֹיִ ם ָה ֵא ֶלּה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §280, no. 64.

JUDGES

37

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur only once with a preceding ‫ ;וְ ֵא ֶלּה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §260.

3:1

‫ְלנַ סּוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 3:1; 3:4; 2 Chr 9:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma without a sfx., possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a sfx. (‫)לנַ סּוֹתוֹ‬ ְ at 2 Chr 32:31.

JUDGES 3:2 ‫ר־ל ָפ ִנ֖ים ֥ל ֹא יְ ָד ֽﬠוּם׃‬ ְ ‫ַ ֗רק ְל ַ֨מ ַ ֙ﬠן ַ ֚דּ ַﬠת דּ ֹ֣רוֹת ְבּ ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ְל ַל ְמּ ָ ֖דם ִמ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה ַ ֥רק ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 3:2

‫ַדּ ַﬠת דּ ֹרוֹת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫דּ ֹרוֹת‬, but since this word occurs three times it is most likely that the note refers to the phrase ‫ ַדּ ַﬠת דּ ֹרוֹת‬, which only occurs this one time. 3:2

‫ְל ַל ְמּ ָדם‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a cj. (‫)וּל ַל ְמּ ָדם‬ ְ at Dan 1:4.

JUDGES 3:4 ‫בוֹתם ְבּיַ ד־מ ֶ ֹֽשׁה׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־א‬ ֲ ‫ר־צָוּ֥ה ֶא‬ ִ ‫הוה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ת־מ ְצוֹ֣ ת י‬ ִ ‫עוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְהי֕ וּ ְלנַ ֥סּוֹת ָ ֖בּם ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָל ַ ֗ד ַﬠת ֲהיִ ְשׁ ְמ‬ 3:4

‫ְלנַ סּוֹת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

See directly above at Judg 3:1.

38

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

3:4

‫ֲהיִ ְשׁ ְמעוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (30x) without this interrogative.

JUDGES 3:5 ‫יְבוּסי׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫וּב ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל יָ ְשׁ ֖בוּ ְבּ ֶ ֣ ק ֶרב ַ ֽה ְכּנַ ֲﬠ ִנ֑י ַה ִח ִ ֤תּי וְ ָ ֽה ֱאמ ִֹר֙י וְ ַה ְפּ ִר ִ֔זּי וְ ַה ִחִ ֖וּי וְ ַה‬ ְ 3:5

‫וּסי‬ ִ ‫ַה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י ַה ִח ִתּי וְ ָה ֱאמ ִֹרי וְ ַה ְפּ ִרזִּ י וְ ַה ִחוִּ י וְ ַהיְב‬ Mp

‫סימ‬ ̇ ‫̇ע ̇ת ̇מ ̇פ ו̇ ̇ס‬

Com.: The Masorah note is in the form of a mnemonic indicating the order of the peoples in Canaan; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §274, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §114. Each letter represents one people; see also at Josh 3:10, 9:1, 24:11, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §274, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §114. In ML the circellus is only on the first word ‫ה ְכּנַ ֲﬠנִ י‬.ַ

JUDGES 3:6 ‫יהם׃ פ‬ ֽ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֖דוּ ֶא‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫יהם נָ ְתנ֣ וּ ִל ְבנ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫נוֹת‬ ֵ ‫ת־בּ‬ ְ ‫יהם ָל ֶה ֙ם ְלנָ ִ֔שׁים וְ ֶא‬ ֤ ֶ ‫נוֹת‬ ֵ ‫ת־בּ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֨חוּ ֶא‬ 3:6

‫ְלנָ ִשׁים‬

Fourteen times

1–5 6–10 11–14

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 34:21; Num 36:3; 36:6a; 36:6b; 36:11 Num 36:12; Judg 3:6; 21:7a; 21:7b; 21:16 1 Sam 25:43; Jer 50:37; 51:30; Ezek 44:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the fourteen occurrences of this lemma with the indef. prep. ‫ל‬,ְ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the def. prep. ‫)לנָּ ִשׁים( ַל‬ ַ at Ezek 23:10 and Prov 31:3.

JUDGES

39

JUDGES 3:7 ‫ת־ה ְבּ ָﬠ ִ ֖לים וְ ֶאת־‬ ַ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֥דוּ ֶא‬ ֑ ֶ ‫הו֣ה ֱא ֽ� ֵה‬ ָ ְ‫הוה ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְכּ ֖חוּ ֶאת־י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ת־ה ַר ֙ע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֨שׂוּ ְבנֵ י־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ֶא‬ ‫ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ֽרוֹת׃‬ 3:7

‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠשׂוּ ְבנֵ י־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֶא‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

Mp

̇‫ז‬

Deut 17:2; 31:29; Judg 2:11; 3:7; 3:12 2 Kgs 21:9; 21:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of ‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ָ ‫ ֲﬠ ִשׂיָּ ה ֶא‬the doing of evil, which contain the accusative particle ‫את‬.ֶ

The Mp heading at Judg 3:12 reads unique for the sole occurrence of its specific formulation (‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ָ ‫י־ﬠשׂוּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫) ַﬠל ִכּ‬.

The Mp heading of three times at 2 Kgs 21:9 relates to the fact that the word ‫ ָה ָרע‬in that verse is pointed with a qameṣ under the ‫ ;ר‬see 2 Kgs 21:9.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on the first two words but the note refers to the entire phrase. 3:7

‫ָה ֲא ֵשׁרוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:7; 2 Chr 19:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this article at 2 Chr 33:3.

JUDGES 3:8 ‫כּוּשׁן ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַ֔תיִם ֶ ֖מ ֶל� ֲא ַ ֣רם נַ ֲה ָ ֑ריִם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֧דוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ֶאת־‬ ֣ ַ ‫ר־אף יְ הוָ ֙ה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַוֽ יִּ ְמ ְכּ ֵ ֗רם ְבּיַ ֙ד‬ ֤ ַ ‫וַ ִיּ ַֽח‬ ‫כּוּשׁן ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַ ֖תיִ ם ְשׁמ ֶֹנ֥ה ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ ַ֥ 3:8

‫ ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַתיִם‬1

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 3:8a; 3:8b; 3:10a; 3:10b

40 3:8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַתיִם‬2

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above. 3:8

‫ְשׁמֹנֶ ה ָשׁנִ ים‬

Three times 1–4

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 3:8; 12:14; 2 Chr 34:1 (‫;)שׁמוֹנֶ ה‬ ְ 36:9 (‫)שׁמוֹנֶ ה‬ ְ

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since there are four occurrences of this lemma with ‫שׁמֹנֶ ה‬, ְ written plene and defective ‫ו‬. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the two Chronicles references may have been taken as one since they both contain the phrase ‫ ֶבּן ְשׁמֹנֶ ה ָשׁנִ ים‬.

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the sg. ‫ ְשׁמֹנֶ ה‬signifying eight years, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) with the pl. ‫שׁמֹנִ ים‬, ְ written plene and defective ‫ו‬, signifying eighty years (‫) ְשׁמֹנִ ים ָשׁנִ ים‬. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 3:9 ‫ן־ק ֔ ַנז ֲא ִ ֥חי‬ ְ ‫יאל ֶבּ‬ ֣ ֵ ִ‫וֹשׁ ֵיﬠ֑ם ֵ ֚את ָﬠ ְתנ‬ ִ ֽ‫מוֹשׁ ַי� ִל ְב ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל וַ יּ‬ ֛ ִ ‫הו֥ה‬ ָ ְ‫הוה וַ ָ֨יּ ֶקם י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יִּ זְ ֲﬠ ֤קוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶאל־י‬ ‫ָכ ֵל֖ב ַה ָקּ ֥טֹן ִמ ֶ ֽמּנּוּ׃‬ 3:9

‫וַ יָּ ֶקם‬

Twenty times

‫̇כ‬

Com.: See Judg 2:16. 3:9

‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 3:9 (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫ ;)*וַ יּ ִֹשׁ‬2 Kgs 14:27; Ps 106:8; 106:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective second ‫ו‬, with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish these occurrences from its two occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫יﬠם‬ ֵ ‫יוֹשׁ‬ ִ ְ‫ )ו‬at Ps 37:40 and 145:19.

‫‪41‬‬

‫‪JUDGES‬‬ ‫יﬠם( ו ‪), writes the form here plene second‬וַ יּ ִֹשׁ ֵ‬ ‫יּוֹשׁ ֵ‬ ‫‪); see‬וַ ִ‬ ‫יﬠם( ‪* ML, contrary to M‬‬ ‫‪Breuer, The Biblical Text, 56.‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 3:10‬‬ ‫ת־כּוּשׁן ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַ ֖תיִ ם‬ ‫ַ֥‬ ‫וַ ְתּ ִ֨הי ָﬠ ָ ֥ליו ֽר ַוּ�־יְ הוָ ֮ה וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֣פּט ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֒ וַ יֵּ ֵצ ֙א ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ֔מה וַ יִּ ֵ ֤תּן יְ הוָ ֙ה ְבּיָ ֔דוֹ ֶא‬ ‫כּוּשׁן ִר ְשׁ ָﬠ ָ ֽתיִ ם׃‬ ‫ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֲא ָ ֑רם וַ ָ ֣תּ ָﬠז יָ ֔דוֹ ַ ֖ﬠל ַ ֥‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪ִ 1‬ר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַתיִם‬

‫‪3:10‬‬ ‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at Judg 3:8.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪ִ 2‬ר ְשׁ ָﬠ ַתיִם‬

‫‪3:10‬‬

‫‪Four times‬‬

‫̇ד‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at Judg 3:8.‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 3:12‬‬ ‫�־מוֹא ֙ב ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַ ֛ﬠל‬ ‫ָ‬ ‫ת־ﬠגְ ל֤ וֹן ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫הוה ֶא ֶ‬ ‫הו֑ה וַ יְ ַח ֵ֨זּק יְ ָ ֜‬ ‫פוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַל ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י יְ ָ‬ ‫וַ יּ ִֹ֨ס ֙‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ‫ת־ה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י יְ ָ‬ ‫י־ﬠ ֥שׂוּ ֶא ָ‬ ‫ִ ֽכּ ָ‬ ‫ת־ה ַרע‬ ‫י־ﬠשׂוּ ֶא ָ‬ ‫ַﬠל ִכּ ָ‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪3:12‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫‪Com.: See directly above at Judg 3:7.‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 3:14‬‬ ‫מוֹנ֥ה ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֖רה ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ ס‬ ‫�־מוֹאב ְשׁ ֶ‬ ‫ָ֔‬ ‫ת־ﬠגְ ל֣ וֹן ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֤דוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶא ֶ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ְשׁמוֹנֶ ה‬

‫מל‬ ‫̇ג ̇‬

‫‪3:14‬‬

‫‪Three times plene‬‬

‫‪Judg 3:14; Jer 52:29; Ezek 40:31‬‬ ‫——————————‬

42

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ְשׁמוֹנֶ ה‬three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫שמונה ̇ג‬

The second occurrence in Jeremiah of ‫ ִבּ ְשׁנַ ת ְשׁמוֹנֶ ה ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵרה‬of Nebuchadnezzar (Jer 52:29) Ezek 40:31 And similarly all Chronicles

Mm (‫בשנת שמונה עשרה ד)לבוכדנאר‬ ‫בתר דירמיה‬ ̇ [‫]לבנוכדראצר‬ ‫ומעלות שמונה מעלו‬ ‫הימ דכות‬ ̇ ‫וכל דברי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) written defective ‫ו‬ (‫)שׁמֹנֶ ה‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the Mm in the additional notation of the second occurrence in Jeremiah of the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar to the Jer 52:29 reference, which distinguishes it from its first occurrence in Jeremiah (32:1), where the lemma is written defective ‫ו‬. The Mm also notes that this lemma written plene ‫ י‬occurs (5x) in Chronicles.

In the Ezek 40:31 reference, the kəṯîḇ form ‫ מעלו‬is written, though normally the Masorah cites the qərê form, which is ‫מ ֲﬠ ָליו‬. ַ This note also occurs in the Mm of Gen 5:4 sub ‫שׁמֹנֶ ה‬. ְ

JUDGES 3:15 ‫ן־היְ ִמ ִ֔יני ִ ֥אישׁ ִא ֵ ֖טּר יַ ד־‬ ַ ‫ת־א ֤הוּד ֶבּן־גֵּ ָר ֙א ֶבּ‬ ֵ ‫מוֹשׁ ַי� ֶא‬ ִ֗ ‫הוה ָל ֶ֜הם‬ ָ֨ ְ‫ה וַ יָּ ֶק ֩ם י‬ ֒ ָ‫וַ יִּ זְ ֲﬠ ֣קוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵא ֮ל ֶאל־יְ הו‬ ‫מוֹאב׃‬ ֽ ָ �‫יְ ִמינ֑ וֹ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְל ֨חוּ ְבנֵ י־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ְבּיָ ֙דוֹ ִמנְ ָ֔חה ְל ֶﬠגְ ל֖ וֹן ֶ ֥מ ֶל‬ 3:15

‫וַ יָּ ֶקם‬

Twenty times

‫̇כ‬

Com.: See Judg 2:16. 3:15

‫גֵּ ָרא‬

Exod 30:13 etc. Lev 11:3 etc. Lev 11:6 etc. Judg 3:15 2 Sam 16:5 etc.

Mp

Mm ‫עשרים גרה השקל‬ ‫)מעלה( ]מעלת[ גרה בבהמה‬ ‫מעלת גרה‬ ‫אהוד בן גרא‬ ‫שמעי בן גרא‬

JUDGES Weights and animals are written with ‫ה‬ Personal names (are written) with an ‫א‬

43

‫כת‬ ̇ ‫מתקלא ובעירה הי‬ ‫גוברא א‬

Com.: The Masorah notes that in all cases of weights and animals the word ‫ גֵּ ָרה‬is written with a ‫ה‬, but in personal names this word is written with an ‫)גֵּ ָרא( א‬. 3:15

‫ִא ֵטּר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:15; 20:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma pointed this way, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) pointed as ‫א ֵטר‬.ָ

JUDGES 3:16 ‫אוֹת ֙הּ ִמ ַ ֣תּ ַחת ְל ַמ ָ ֔דּיו ַ ֖ﬠל ֶי ֶ֥ ר� יְ ִמינֽ וֹ׃‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ֩ ֨לוֹ ֵא ֜הוּד ֶ֗ח ֶרב וְ ָל֛הּ ְשׁ ֵנ֥י ֵפי֖ וֹת ֹ֣גּ ֶמד ָא ְר ָ ֑כּהּ וַ יַּ ְח ֹ֤גּר‬ 3:16

‫וְ ָלהּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 16:1; Judg 3:16; 1 Sam 25:35 —————————— ‫ וְ ָלהּ‬three times Gen 16:1 Judg 3:16 1 Sam 25:35

‫ולה ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ולה שפחה מצרית‬ ‫ולה שני פיות‬ ‫עלי לשלום‬

And once with paṯaḥ (‫)וְ ַלהּ‬: Dan 7:6

‫וחד פתח ולה גפין ארבע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) without a cj. The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs written with a paṯaḥ at Dan 7:6.

The heading of the Mp at Dan 7:6 reads four times, and three times with qameṣ (‫) ̇ד ֗ ָוג‬, to which the Mm there adds and one with paṯaḥ.

44 3:16

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ֵפיוֹת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ṣerê, to distinguish it from its occurrence with a ḥîreq and a daḡeš in the ‫)פּיּוֹת( י‬ ִ at Prov 5:4. 3:16

‫גּ ֶֹמד‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

3:16

‫ְל ַמ ָדּיו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp Mp

Judg 3:16; 1 Sam 17:39

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj (‫)וּמ ָדּיו‬ ַ at 1 Sam 4:12 and 1 Sam 18:4, and from its sole occurrence without a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)מ ָדּיו‬ ַ at 1 Sam 17:38.

JUDGES 3:17 ‫אד׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫מוֹאב וְ ֶﬠגְ ֕לוֹן ִ ֥אישׁ ָבּ ִ ֖ריא ְמ‬ ֑ ָ �‫ת־ה ִמּנְ ָ֔חה ְל ֶﬠגְ ל֖ וֹן ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ְק ֵר ֙ב ֶא‬ 3:17

‫ָבּ ִריא‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:17; Ps 73:4 (‫)וּב ִריא‬ ָ

Com.: The Mp heading here and in MA reads twice plene, noting the two occurrences of this lemma, with and without a ‫ ו‬cj., written plene ‫י‬. Since there is no defective form of this lemma, the note should more precisely have read twice and plene. MC correctly reads here unique and plene (for this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj.).

The Mp heading at Ps 73:4 correctly reads unique and plene, and adds catchwords ‫וחד‬ ‫“( ועגלון איש בריא‬and once ‫ )”וְ ֶﬠגְ לוֹן ִאישׁ ָבּ ִריא‬that refer the reader to this verse.

JUDGES

45

JUDGES 3:18 ‫ת־ה ֔ ָﬠם נ ְֹשׂ ֵ ֖אי ַה ִמּנְ ָ ֽחה׃‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ִמּנְ ָ ֑חה וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ַ ‫שׁר ִכּ ֔ ָלּה ְל ַה ְק ִ ֖ריב ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הי ַכּ ֲא‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ 3:18

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּח‬

Twenty-two times

Com.: See Judg 2:6.

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

JUDGES 3:19 ‫אוּ‬ ֙ ‫אמר ָ֔הס וַ ֵיּ ְֽצ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ר־ס ֶתר ִ ֛לי ֵא ֶל֖י� ַה ֶ ֑מּ ֶל� וַ ֣יּ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫אמר ְדּ ַב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־הגִּ ְל ֔ ָגּל וַ ֕יּ‬ ַ ‫שׁר ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ן־ה ְפּ ִס ִיל ֙ים ֲא‬ ַ ‫וְ ֣הוּא ָ֗שׁב ִמ‬ ‫ל־הע ְֹמ ִ ֖דים ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ָ ‫ֵ ֽמ ָﬠ ֔ ָליו ָכּ‬ 3:19

‫ַה ְפּ ִס ִילים‬

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 3:19; 3:26; Isa 42:8 (‫;)ל ְפּ ִס ִילים‬ ַ 2 Chr 33:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three of them with the def. article and one with the prep. ‫ל‬, written plene first ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) written defective first ‫ י‬in various forms such as ‫ ְפּ ִס ִלים‬and ‫וְ ַה ְפּ ִס ִלים‬.

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 33:22 reads three times plene, counting only occurrences of this lemma with the def. article. 3:19

Unique 3:19

‫ר־ס ֶתר‬ ֵ ‫ְדּ ַב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ָהס‬

Twice zaqeṕ qameṣ

‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫זק‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 3:19; Amos 6:10

——————————

Mp

46

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ָהס‬twice zaqeṕ qameṣ

Judg 3:19 Amos 6:10

‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫זק‬ ̇ ‫הס ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויאמר‬ ‫ואמר הס‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in pause with a qameṣ under a zaqeṕ, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in pause with a qameṣ alongside a sôṕ pasûq in Amos 8:3.

JUDGES 3:20 �‫�הים ִ ֖לי ֵא ֶל֑י‬ ֥ ִ ‫ר־א‬ ֱ ‫אמר ֵא ֔הוּד ְדּ ַב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ר־לוֹ ְל ַב ֔דּוֹ וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ‫וְ ֵא ֣הוּד ׀ ָ ֣בּא ֵא ֗ ָליו וְ ֽהוּא־ ֹ֠י ֵשׁב ַבּ ֲﬠ ִל ַ֨יּת ַה ְמּ ֵק ָ ֤רה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֖ קם ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל ַה ִכּ ֵ ֽסּא׃‬ 3:20

‫ַה ְמּ ֵק ָרה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:20; 3:24 3:20

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ר־א‬ ֱ ‫ְדּ ַב‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 3:20; 1 Sam 9:27; 1 Chr 17:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬,ֱ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) with the Tetragrammaton (‫)דּ ַבר־יְ הוָ ה‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the Mm to 1 Chr 17:3 in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 17:3 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in 2 Sam 7:4, where the lemma occurs as ‫דּ ַבר־יְ הוָ ה‬.ְ

JUDGES 3:21 ‫יְמינ֑ וֹ וַ יִּ ְת ָק ֶ ֖ﬠ ָה ְבּ ִב ְטנֽ וֹ׃‬ ִ �‫ת־ה ֶ֔ח ֶרב ֵמ ַ ֖ﬠל ֶי ֣ ֶ ר‬ ַ ‫אלוֹ וַ יִּ ַקּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ֔ ֹ ‫ת־י֣ד ְשׂמ‬ ַ ‫הוּד ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֤ח ֵא‬ 3:21 Unique

‫ֶאת־יַ ד ְשׂמֹאלוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 3:21

‫וַ יִּ ְת ָק ֶﬠ ָה‬

Unique

47

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a fem. sfx., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a masc. sfx. (‫ )וַ יִּ ְת ָק ֵﬠהוּ‬at Exod 10:19, and from its occurrence with a pl. sfx. (‫ )וַ יִּ ְת ָק ֵﬠם‬at 2 Sam 18:14.

JUDGES 3:22 ‫ם־הנִּ ָ֜צּב ַא ַ ֣חר ַה ֗ ַלּ ַהב וַ יִּ ְס ֹ֤גּר ַה ֵ֨ח ֶל ֙ב ְבּ ַﬠ֣ד ַה ֔ ַלּ ַהב ִ ֣כּי ֥ל ֹא ָשׁ ַל֛ף ַה ֶ ֖ח ֶרב ִמ ִבּ ְטנ֑ וֹ וַ יֵּ ֵ ֖צא‬ ַ ‫יָּב ֹא ַ ֽג‬ ֨ ַ‫ו‬ ‫ַ ֽה ַפּ ְר ְשׁ ֽד ֹנָ ה׃‬ 3:22 Unique

‫ם־הנִּ ָצּב‬ ַ ַ‫ג‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ַהנִּ ָצּב‬lemma with ‫גַּ ם‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences without ‫ גַּ ם‬at Ruth 2:5 and 2:6. 3:22

Unique

‫לֹא ָשׁ ַלף‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. (‫ )וְ לֹא ָשׁ ַלף‬at Judg 8:20. 3:22

‫ַה ַפּ ְר ְשׁד ֹנָ ה‬

Unique and defective

Mp

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective (‫)ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ ו‬.

JUDGES 3:23 ‫וַ יֵּ ֵ ֥צא ֵא ֖הוּד ַ ֽה ִמּ ְס ְדּ ֑רוֹנָ ה וַ יִּ ְס ֞גּ ֹר ַדּ ְל ֧תוֹת ָה ַﬠ ִל ָיּ֛ה ַבּ ֲﬠ ֖דוֹ וְ נָ ָ ֽﬠל׃‬ 3:23

‫ַה ִמּ ְס ְדּרוֹנָ ה‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene (‫)ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

48

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

3:23

‫וְ נָ ָﬠל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:23; 2 Sam 13:18 (‫)וְ נָ ַﬠל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, once with a qameṣ under the ‫ע‬, and once with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ע‬.

The Mp at 2 Sam 13:18 correctly describes the situation in its heading of twice, once with paṯaḥ and one with qameṣ.

JUDGES 3:24 ‫ת־רגְ ָל֖יו‬ ַ ‫אמ ֔רוּ ַ ֣א� ֵמ ִ ֥סי� ֛הוּא ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וְ ֤הוּא יָ ָצ ֙א וַ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֣דיו ָ֔בּאוּ וַ יִּ ְר ֕אוּ וְ ִה ֵנּ֛ה ַדּ ְל ֥תוֹת ָה ֲﬠ ִל ָיּ֖ה נְ ֻﬠל֑ וֹת וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ַבּ ֲח ַ ֥דר ַה ְמּ ֵק ָ ֽרה׃‬ 3:24

‫נְ ֻﬠלוֹת‬

Unique 3:24

‫̇ל‬ �‫ֵמ ִסי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

3:24

‫ַה ְמּ ֵק ָרה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp Mp Mp

Judg 3:20; 3:24

JUDGES 3:25 ‫יהם נ ֵ ֹ֥פל‬ ֶ֔ ֵ‫ת־ה ַמּ ְפ ֵ֨תּ ַ ֙� וַ יִּ ְפ ָ֔תּחוּ וְ ִהנֵּ ֙ה ֲא ֣ד ֹנ‬ ַ ‫ד־בּוֹשׁ וְ ִה ֵנּ֛ה ֵא ֶינ֥נּוּ פ ֵ ֹ֖ת ַ� ַדּ ְל ֣תוֹת ָ ֽה ֲﬠ ִל ָיּ֑ה וַ יִּ ְק ֤חוּ ֶא‬ ֔ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֣חילוּ ַﬠ‬ ‫ַ ֖א ְר ָצה ֵ ֽמת׃‬ 3:25 Unique

‫וַ יָּ ִחילוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 3:25

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה ֵאינֶ נּוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

49

Mp

Gen 31:2; Judg 3:25; Ps 37:36 —————————— ‫ וְ ִהנֵּ ה ֵאינֶ נּוּ‬three times Gen 31:2 Judg 3:25 Ps 37:36

‫והנה איננו ̇ג‬

Mm

‫כתמול שלשום‬ ‫והנה >איננו< פתח‬ ‫ויעבר והנה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ֵאינֶ נּוּ‬with ‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (32x) without ‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬. 3:25

�ַ ‫ַה ַמּ ְפ ֵתּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 3:25; 1 Chr 9:27

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma. Both MC and MA correctly read twice, and add catchwords referring the reader to 1 Chr 9:27. MA adds ‫)וְ ֵהם ַﬠל( והם על‬, and MC adds ‫וְ ֵהם ַﬠל( והם על המפתח‬ �ַ ‫)ה ַמּ ְפ ֵתּ‬. ַ It is possible that the note more precisely should have read unique in the book, but it seems more likely that this note has mistakenly been confused with the following one. 3:25

‫וַ יִּ ְפ ָתּחוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since there this is the only occurrence of this lemma. It would seem that this note has mistakenly been confused with the preceding one. MA correctly reads here unique, but MC has no note.

50

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 3:26 ‫יר ָתה׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ת־ה ְפּ ִס ֔ ִילים וַ יִּ ָמּ ֵל֖ט ַה ְשּׂ ִﬠ‬ ַ ‫הוּא ָﬠ ַ ֣בר ֶא‬ ֙ ְ‫וְ ֵא ֥הוּד נִ ְמ ַל֖ט ַﬠ֣ד ִ ֽה ְת ַמ ְה ְמ ָ ֑הם ו‬ 3:26 Unique

‫ִה ְת ַמ ְה ְמ ָהם‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this quadriliteral verb, possibly to distinguish it from the occurrences of other forms of this quadriliteral such as ‫ וַ יִּ ְת ַמ ְה ָמהּ‬at Gen 19:16, ‫ ִה ְת ַמ ְה ָמ ְהנוּ‬at Gen 43:10, and ‫ וְ ִה ְת ַמ ְה ְמהוּ‬at Judg 19:8. 3:26

‫ַה ְפּ ִס ִילים‬

Four times plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 3:19. 3:26

Unique

‫ַה ְשּׂ ִﬠ ָיר ָתה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 3:27 ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֵ‫ן־ה ָ ֖הר וְ ֥הוּא ִל ְפנ‬ ָ ‫שּׁוֹפר ְבּ ַ ֣הר ֶא ְפ ָ ֑ריִ ם וַ יֵּ ְר ֨דוּ ִﬠ ֧מּוֹ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ִמ‬ ֖ ָ ‫בוֹאוֹ וַ יִּ ְת ַ ֥ קע ַבּ‬ ֔ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ְבּ‬ 3:27

‫ְבּבוֹאוֹ‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the single occurrence of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written defective first ‫ו‬ (‫)בּבֹאוֹ‬. ְ

JUDGES 3:28 ‫ת־מוֹאב ְבּיֶ ְד ֶכ֑ם וַ יֵּ ְר ֣דוּ ַא ֲח ָ ֗ריו ַוֽ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֞דוּ ֶאת־‬ ָ֖ ‫הו֧ה ֶאת־א ֵֹיְב ֶיכ֛ם ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶה ֙ם ִר ְד ֣פוּ ַא ֲח ַ ֔רי ִ ֽכּי־נָ ַ֨תן י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫מוֹאב וְ ֽל ֹא־נָ ְתנ֥ וּ ִ ֖אישׁ ַל ֲﬠ ֽבֹר׃‬ ָ֔ ‫ַמ ְﬠ ְבּ ֤רוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֙דּן ְל‬ 3:28

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Six times defective in the book 1–5 6

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Judg 3:28; 8:23; 8:24; 18:2; 18:4 Judg 19:23b

Mp

JUDGES

51

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in the book written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) in the book written plene ‫יהם( י‬ ֶ ‫)א ֵל‬. ֲ

The Mp heading at Judg 8:23 enumerates the twenty-nine occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets, for which there is a Mm at 1 Kgs 12:16 and Ezek 33:25. 3:28

‫מוֹאב‬ ָ ‫ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן ְל‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 3:29 ‫ל־אישׁ ָ ֑חיִ ל וְ ֥ל ֹא נִ ְמ ַל֖ט ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ ֣ ִ ‫ל־שׁ ֵ ֖מן וְ ָכ‬ ָ ‫שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִפ ֙ים ִ֔אישׁ ָכּ‬ ֤ ֶ ‫ת־מוֹאב ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֗היא ַכּ ֲﬠ‬ ָ֜ ‫וַ יַּ ֨כּוּ ֶא‬ 3:29

‫ָשׁ ֵמן‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 3:29; Ezek 34:14; Hab 1:16; 1 Chr 4:40 —————————— ‫ ָשׁ ֵמן‬four times Judg 3:29 Ezek 34:14 Hab 1:16 1 Chr 4:40

‫שמן ̇ד‬

Mm

‫כל שמן וכל איש חיל‬ ‫ומרעה שמן תרעינה‬ ‫כי בהמה שמן חלקו‬ ‫וימצאו מרעה שמן וטוב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) with a səḡôl under the ‫)שׁ ֶמן( מ‬. ָ 3:29

‫ל־אישׁ‬ ִ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Seventeen times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Exod 35:22; 35:23; 36:1; Judg 3:29; 20:33 1 Sam 14:22; 17:19; 17:24; 22:2a; 22:2b 2 Sam 16:18; 17:14; 17:24; 2 Kgs 23:2; Ezek 39:20 2 Chr 34:30

52

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading here of seventeen is incorrect since there are only sixteen occurrences of this lemma. The error is probably a graphic one confusing ‫ ז‬seven with ‫ ו‬six.

The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (39x) without a cj.

Six of the Mp headings highlighted above read seventeen times (Judg 3:29, 20:33, 1 Sam 14:22, 17:19, 17:24 and 2 Sam 16:18), whereas only three Mp headings, and the Mm heading at 2 Chr 34:30, read sixteen times (2 Sam 17:14, Ezek 39:20, and 2 Chr 34:30). MA correctly reads here sixteen, but MC has no note.

JUDGES 3:30 ‫מוֹנ֥ים ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ ס‬ ִ ‫מוֹא ֙ב ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֔הוּא ַ ֖תּ ַחת יַ ֣ד יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ ִתּ ְשׁ ֥קֹט ָה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ְשׁ‬ ָ ‫וַ ִתּ ָכּ ַנ֤ע‬ 3:30

‫ְשׁמוֹנִ ים‬

Six times plene 1–5 6

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 5:26 (‫וּשׁמוֹנִ ים‬ ְ ); Judg 3:30; 1 Kgs 6:1 (‫;)בּ ְשׁמוֹנִ ים‬ ִ 2 Kgs 19:35; Ps 90:10 Esth 1:4

—————————— ‫ ְשׁמוֹנִ ים‬six times plene

1–5

6

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫שמונים ו‬

Mm

The middle occurrence of Methuselah (Gen 5:26) ‫ וַ ִתּ ְשׁקֹט‬of Ehud (Judg 3:30) 1 Kgs 6:1 ‫ ְבּ ַמ ֲחנֵ ה אַשּׁוּר‬of Kings (2 Kgs 19:35) Ps 90:10 Esth 1:4

And all Chronicles Apart from one (‫)וּשׁמֹנִ ים‬: ְ 2 Chr 2:17

‫מציעייא דמתושלח‬ ‫ותשקט דאהוד‬ ‫ויהי בשמונים שנה‬ ‫במחנה אשור דמלכים‬ [‫ואם )בגברות( ]בגבורת‬ ‫בהראתו את עשר‬

‫כות‬ ̇ ‫הימ‬ ̇ ‫וכל דברי‬ ‫̇ב ̇מ ̇א ויעש מהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (23x) in various forms written defective ‫)שׁמֹנִ ים( ו‬. ְ

JUDGES

53

This distinction is implied in two of the additional notations in the Mm. The first additional notation is the middle (that is, the second) occurrence of Methuselah to the Gen 5:26 reference, which distinguishes it from the first occurrence of Methuselah in that passage (Gen 5:25), where the lemma occurs written defective as (‫)וּשׁמֹנִ ים‬. ְ

The second additional notation is of Kings to the 2 Kgs 19:35 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in Isa 37:36, where the lemma occurs as ‫וּשׁמֹנִ ים‬. ְ

The third additional notation of Ehud to the Judg 3:30 reference simply distinguishes it from the three other occurrences of the catchword in Judges (Judg 3:11, 5:31, and 8:28), that do not contain the lemma. The Mm has an additional note that this lemma is also the norm (9x) in Chronicles, apart from one case when it is written defective ‫)וּשׁמֹנִ ים( ו‬ ְ at 2 Chr 2:17. Two of the Mp headings highlighted above (at Gen 5:26 and 2 Kgs 19:35) read six times, and similarly all Chronicles apart from one.

JUDGES 3:31 ‫ם־הוּא‬ ֖ ַ‫שׁ־מ ֣אוֹת ִ֔אישׁ ְבּ ַמ ְל ַ ֖מד ַה ָבּ ָ ֑ קר וַ ֹ֥יּ ַשׁע גּ‬ ֵ ‫ת־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִתּ ֙ים ֵ ֽשׁ‬ ְ ‫ן־ﬠ ָ֔נת וַ ַיּ֤ � ֶא‬ ֲ ‫וְ ַא ֲח ָ ֤ריו ָהיָ ֙ה ַשׁ ְמ ַגּ֣ר ֶבּ‬ ‫ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ ס‬ 3:31

‫ְבּ ַמ ְל ַמד‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 4:2 ‫יוֹשׁב ַבּ ֲח ֥ר ֹ ֶשׁת‬ ֖ ֵ ‫יס ָ ֔רא וְ ֥הוּא‬ ְ ‫אוֹ ִ ֽס‬ ֙ ‫ר־צ ָב‬ ְ ‫�־כּ ַ֔נ ַﬠן ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָמ ַל֖� ְבּ ָח ֑צוֹר וְ ַשׂ‬ ְ ‫יָבין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֣ ִ ‫הוה ְבּיַ ֙ד‬ ָ֗ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְמ ְכּ ֵ ֣רם י‬ ‫ַהגּוֹיִ ֽם׃‬ 4:2 Twice

‫ָמ ַל� ְבּ ָחצוֹר‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

54

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 4:3 ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֧י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ְבּ ָחזְ ָ ֖ קה‬ ְ ‫ב־בּ ְרזֶ ל֙ ֔לוֹ ְו֠הוּא ָל ַ֞חץ ֶא‬ ַ ‫הו֑ה ֠ ִכּי ְתּ ַ֨שׁע ֵמ ֤אוֹת ֶ ֽר ֶכ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְצ ֲﬠ ֥קוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶאל־י‬ ‫ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֥רים ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ ס‬ 4:3

‫וַ יִּ ְצ ֲﬠקוּ‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Seven times

Com.: See Josh 24:7. 4:3

‫ְבּ ָחזְ ָקה‬

Four times

Judg 4:3; 8:1; 1 Sam 2:16; Jonah 3:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, written without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from the sole occurrence of its parallel form ‫ ְבּ ָחזָ ק‬at Isa 40:10.

JUDGES 4:4 ‫יאה ֵ ֖א ֶשׁת ַל ִפּ ֑ידוֹת ִ ֛היא שׁ ְֹפ ָ ֥טה ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָבּ ֵ ֥ﬠת ַה ִ ֽהיא׃‬ ָ֔ ‫בוֹר ֙ה ִא ָ ֣שּׁה נְ ִב‬ ָ ‫ְוּד‬ 4:4 Unique

‫בוֹרה‬ ָ ‫ְוּד‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (6x) without a cj., three of which occur in this chapter in vv. 5, 9, and 10. 4:4

Unique

‫ַל ִפּידוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the fem. pl. ending, possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence with the masc. pl. ending (‫ ) ַל ִפּ ִידים‬at Job 41:11.

JUDGES 4:4

‫שׁ ְֹפ ָטה‬

Unique

55

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of three forms of the verb ‫שׁ ַפט‬, ָ two containing the imper. with a paragogic ‫)שׁ ְפ ָטה( ה‬ ָ at Ps 82:8 and Lam 3:59, and one (here) containing the partic. fem. (‫ ;)שׁ ְֹפ ָטה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §16H.

JUDGES 4:5 ‫֛יה ְבּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל‬ ָ ‫ית־אל ְבּ ַ ֣הר ֶא ְפ ָ ֑ריִם וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֥ וּ ֵא ֶל‬ ֖ ֵ ‫וּבין ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫בוֹרה ֵבּ֧ין ָה ָר ָ ֛מה‬ ֗ ָ ‫תּ ֶמר ְדּ‬ ֹ ֜ ‫יוֹשׁ ֶבת ַ ֽתּ ַחת־‬ ֶ֨ ‫ְו ִ֠היא‬ ‫ַל ִמּ ְשׁ ָ ֽפּט׃‬ 4:5

‫תּ ֶֹמר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed this way, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (22x) pointed as ‫תּ ָמר‬.ָ 4:5

‫ַל ִמּ ְשׁ ָפּט‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

The Mp heading here of five times is a mistake for the correct number fifteen; see Josh 20:6.

JUDGES 4:6 ‫�הי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל‬ ֽ ֵ ‫הו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו ֲה ֥ל ֹא ִצָוּ֣ה ׀ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ן־א ִבי ֔נ ֹ ַﬠם ִמ ֶ ֖קּ ֶדשׁ נַ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֑לי וַ ֨תּ‬ ֲ ‫וַ ִתּ ְשׁ ֗ ַלח וַ ִתּ ְק ָר ֙א ְל ָב ָ ֣רק ֶבּ‬ ‫וּמ ְבּ ֵנ֥י זְ ֻב ֽלוּן׃‬ ִ ‫וּמ ַשׁ ְכ ָ֙תּ ְבּ ַ ֣הר ָתּ ֔בוֹר וְ ָל ַק ְח ָ ֣תּ ִﬠ ְמּ ֗� ֲﬠ ֶ ֤שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִפ ֙ים ִ֔אישׁ ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֥י נַ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֖לי‬ ֽ ָ �֤‫ֵל‬ 4:6

‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ִצוָּ ה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 10:40; Judg 4:6; 1 Chr 24:19 (‫)צוָּ הוּ‬ ִ ——————————

56

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ִצוָּ ה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬three times, and their references

Josh 10:40 Judg 4:6 1 Chr 24:19

‫צוה יהוה אלהי ישראל ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

[‫יהוש( ]יהושע‬ ̇ ) ‫ויכה‬ {‫ותשלח ותקרא לברק }ותקרא‬ [‫לע( ]לעבדתם‬ ̇ ) ‫אלה פקדתם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of the phrase ‫ ִצוָּ הוּ יְ הוָ ה‬/‫ ִצוָּ ה‬, with ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬, to distinguish them from its occurrences with suffixed forms of ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬, ֱ ֶ ‫ ֱא‬, ‫�הינוּ‬ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫א‬, ֱ e.g., ‫�הינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ ִצוָּ ה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬. such as �‫�הי‬ ֵ ‫ ֱא‬, and ‫יכם‬

ֵ ‫ ֲהלֹא ִצוָּ ה יְ הוָ ה ֱא‬but, as the Mm In ML circelli have been placed on the words ‫�הי‬ shows here and at Josh 10:40, the note ought to include the following word (‫)יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬, not the preceding one (‫)הלֹא‬. ֲ 4:6

‫וּמ ַשׁ ְכ ָתּ‬ ָ

Unique 4:6

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫זְ ֻבלוּן‬

Nine times written this way, and similarly all the Writings apart from one

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫כתיב‬ ̇ ‫כת כן וכל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 19:27.

JUDGES 4:7 ‫ת־המוֹנ֑ וֹ וּנְ ַת ִ ֖תּיהוּ ְבּיָ ֶ ֽד�׃‬ ֲ ‫ת־ר ְכ ֖בּוֹ וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫ר־צ ָ ֣בא ִ֔יָבין וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫יס ָר ֙א ַשׂ‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ִ ‫ישׁוֹן ֶא‬ ֗ ‫ל־נ ַ֣חל ִק‬ ַ ‫וּמ ַשׁ ְכ ִ֨תּי ֵא ֜ ֶלי� ֶא‬ ָ 4:7 Twice

‫וּנְ ַת ִתּיהוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 4:7; Ezek 16:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the 3rd masc. sfx., to distinguish it from more numerous occurrences (5x) of its alternate form ‫וּנְ ַת ִתּיו‬.

The Mp heading at Ezek 16:19 of unique is inexact, and that note more precisely should have read unique in the book. However, the heading of the Mm note there reads twice and lists the above two occurrences.

JUDGES

57

JUDGES 4:8 ‫ם־ל ֹא ֵת ְל ִ ֛כי ִﬠ ִ ֖מּי ֥ל ֹא ֵא ֵ ֽל�׃‬ ֥ ‫ם־תּ ְל ִ ֥כי ִﬠ ִ ֖מּי וְ ָה ָל ְ֑כ ִתּי וְ ִא‬ ֵ ‫יה ָבּ ָ ֔רק ִא‬ ָ֙ ‫אמר ֵא ֨ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 4:8

‫וְ ִאם־לֹא‬

Seventeen times in the middle of a verse 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

‫פסוק‬ ̇ ‫באמצ‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Gen 4:7; 18:21; 24:41; 24:49; 42:16 Exod 13:13; 34:20; Lev 27:27; Num 5:19; 19:12 Judg 4:8; 1 Sam 2:16; 6:9; Zech 11:12; Mal 2:2 Ruth 3:13; 4:4

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of this lemma in the middle of a verse, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (29x) at the beginning of a verse.

JUDGES 4:9 ‫ד־א ָ֔שּׁה‬ ִ ַ‫הוֹל� ִ ֣כּי ְ ֽבי‬ ֵ ֔ ‫שׁר ַא ָ ֣תּה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֨דּ ֶר ֙� ֲא‬ ַ ‫אמר ָה�֧ � ֵא ֵל֣� ִﬠ ָ֗מּ� ֶ ֚א ֶפס ִכּי֩ ֨ל ֹא ִ ֽת ְה ֶ֜יה ִ ֽתּ ְפ ַא ְר ְתּ ֗� ַﬠ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֜תּ‬ ‫ם־בּ ָ ֖רק ֶ ֽק ְד ָשׁה׃‬ ָ ‫בוֹרה וַ ֵ ֥תּ ֶל� ִﬠ‬ ֛ ָ ‫יס ָ ֑רא וַ ָ ֧תּ ָקם ְדּ‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ִ ‫הו֖ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫יִ ְמ ֥כֹּר י‬ 4:9

��‫ָה‬

��‫ ָה‬four times defective Judg 4:9 Gen 31:30 1 Sam 6:12 Isa 20:2

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫הלך ̇ד‬

‫ותאמר הלך אלך‬ ‫ועתה הלך הלכת‬ {‫במסלה אחת הלכו )הלוך( ]הלך[ }וילך‬ ‫ויעש כן )הלוך( ]הלך[ ערום ויחף‬

And similarly all Jeremiah apart from six 1–5

6

Mm

Jer 13:1 Jer 19:1 Jer 31:2 Jer 35:2 Jer 39:16 Jer 50:4

̇‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ו‬ ̇ ‫וכל ירמיה‬

‫וקנית לך אזור‬ ‫וקנית בקבק‬ ‫)הלך( ]הלוך[ להרגיעו‬ ‫אל בית הרכבים‬ ‫לעבד מלך הכושי‬ [‫הלוך )ובכה( ]ובכו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences, apart from Jeremiah, of this lemma, written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (32x) written plene ‫)הלוֹ�( ו‬. ָ

58

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Masorah also notes that this lemma written defective ‫וְ ָה��( ו‬/��‫ ) ָה‬occurs (10x) in Jeremiah, apart from six listed cases when it is written plene ‫)הלוֹ�( ו‬. ָ

It should be noted that one of these exceptional forms (Jer 19:1) is written defective ָ writes Jer 28:13 plene ‫ ו‬so ‫ ו‬in M (��‫)ה‬. ָ On the other hand ML, contrary to M (��‫)ה‬, that, in total, ML is in agreement with the Mm note that there are six plene forms in Jeremiah; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 163, 177 and 392.

After the catchwords for the 1 Sam 6:12 reference, the form �‫ וַ יֵּ ֵל‬has mistakenly been added. 4:9

�‫אַר ְתּ‬ ְ ‫ִתּ ְפ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a šəwâ under the second ‫ת‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a səḡôl (�‫אַר ֶתּ‬ ְ ‫תּ ְפ‬,ִ pausal form) at Ps 71:8 and 1 Chr 29:13. 4:9

�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ

Twice plene in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 4:9; 14:3

——————————

�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ twice plene in the book Judg 4:9 Judg 14:3

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫הולך ̇ב‬

Mm

‫על הדרך אשר‬ ‫לקחת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ ו‬in the book.

The Mp heading at Judg 14:3 reads twenty-nine times plene (‫ )ו‬enumerating all occurrences, apart from Proverbs and Qoheleth, but the correct number should be twenty-seven as indicated in the Mm at 2 Sam 15:20.

JUDGES 4:9

‫ֶק ְד ָשׁה‬

Twice

59

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Judg 4:9; 4:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma pointed this way, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence pointed as ‫ ָק ֵד ָשׁה‬at Judg 11:16.

JUDGES 4:10 ‫בוֹרה׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫בוּל֤ן וְ ֶאת־נַ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֙לי ֶ ֔ק ְד ָשׁה וַ ַיּ ַ֣ﬠל ְבּ ַרגְ ֔ ָליו ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂ ֶרת ַא ְל ֵ ֖פי ִ ֑אישׁ וַ ַ ֥תּ ַﬠל ִﬠ ֖מּוֹ ְדּ‬ ֻ ְ‫וַ יַּ זְ ֨ ֵﬠק ָבּ ָ ֜רק ֶאת־ז‬ 4:10

‫וַ יַּ זְ ֵﬠק‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 4:10; 4:13; Jonah 3:7; Zech 6:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ז‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence written with a ‫ )וַ יַּ ְצ ֵﬠק( צ‬at 1 Sam 10:17.

4:10

‫ֶק ְד ָשׁה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

4:10

‫וַ יַּ ַﬠל ְבּ ַרגְ ָליו‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 4:9.

Unique 4:10

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫אַל ֵפי‬ ְ ‫ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרת‬with ‫אַל ֵפי‬ ְ (cstr.), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (17x) with ‫( ֲא ָל ִפים‬absol., ‫) ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִפים‬, one of which occurs in v. 6.

60

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 4:11 ‫ת־ק ֶדשׁ׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ד־אל֥ וֹן ְבּ ַצ ֲﬠנַ יִ ֖ ם ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֶא‬ ֵ ‫וְ ֶ ֤ח ֶבר ַה ֵקּינִ ֙י נִ ְפ ָ ֣רד ִמ ַ ֔קּיִ ן ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֥י ח ָ ֹ֖בב ח ֵ ֹ֣תן מ ֶ ֹ֑שׁה וַ יֵּ ֣ט ָא ֳה ֔לוֹ ַﬠ‬ 4:11

‫נִ ְפ ָרד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 4:11; Prov 18:1 4:11

Unique

‫ִמ ַקּיִ ן‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with the prep. ‫)ל ַקיִ ן( ל‬ ְ at Gen 4:5 and 4:15. 4:11

‫ְבּ ַצ ֲﬠנַּ יִם‬

Read ‫ְבּ ַצ ֲﬠנַ נִּ ים‬

̇‫בצעננים קרי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)בצענים‬, and the qərê (‫)בּ ַצ ֲﬠנַ נִּ ים‬ ְ represent variations in proper names; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 156. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that are read with a second ‫נ‬ which has not been written; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §158, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §144, and Josh 19:33. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 4:13 ‫שׁר ִא ֑תּוֹ ֵמ ֲח ֥ר ֹ ֶשׁת ַהגּוֹיִ ֖ם‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ה ָ ֖ﬠם ֲא‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫אוֹת ֶ ֣ר ֶכב ַבּ ְר ֶ֔זל וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ל־ר ְכ ֗בּוֹ ְתּ ַ ֤שׁע ֵמ‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יס ָ ֜רא ֶא‬ ְ ‫וַ יַּ זְ ֨ ֵﬠק ִ ֽס‬ ‫ישׁוֹן׃‬ ֽ ‫ל־נ ַ֥חל ִק‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 4:13 Four times

‫וַ יַּ זְ ֵﬠק‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 4:10.

JUDGES 4:13

61

‫ל־ה ָﬠם‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 4:13; 1 Sam 15:8; Jer 41:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) without a cj.

JUDGES 4:14 �‫הו֖ה יָ ָצ֣א ְל ָפ ֶנ֑י‬ ָ ְ‫יס ָר ֙א ְבּיָ ֶ ֔ד� ֲה ֥ל ֹא י‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ִ ‫הו֤ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫יּוֹם ֲא ֶשׁר֩ נָ ַ֨תן י‬ ֙ ‫ל־בּ ָ ֜רק ֗קוּם ִ ֣כּי ֶז֤ה ַה‬ ָ ‫אמר֩ ְדּב ָ ֹ֨רה ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ תּ‬ ‫וַ ֵיּ֤ ֶ רד ָבּ ָר ֙ק ֵמ ַ ֣הר ָתּ ֔בוֹר וַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֧שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִ ֛פים ִ ֖אישׁ ַא ֲח ָ ֽריו׃‬ 4:14

‫ְדּב ָֹרה‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 35:8; Judg 4:14; 5:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) written plene ‫בוֹרה( ו‬ ָ ‫)דּ‬. ְ

JUDGES 4:15 ‫יס ָ ֛רא ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל‬ ְ ‫י־ח ֶרב ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י ָב ָ ֑רק וַ ֵיּ֧ ֶ רד ִ ֽס‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֛ה ְל ִפ‬ ֽ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֧ר ֶכב וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יס ָ ֨רא וְ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ִ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֣הם ְ֠יהוָ ה ֶא‬ ‫ַה ֶמּ ְר ָכּ ָ ֖בה וַ ָיּ֥נָ ס ְבּ ַרגְ ָ ֽליו׃‬ 4:15

‫וַ יָּ ָהם‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 14:24; Judg 4:15

Com.: The Mp heading at Exod 14:24 adds catchwords ‫יס ָרא( את סיסרא‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ִ ‫)א‬ ֶ to refer the reader to this verse.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with a ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §69.

62

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

4:15

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 4:15; 7:14

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Josh 8:13.

JUDGES 4:16 ‫י־ח ֶרב ֥ל ֹא‬ ֶ֔ ‫יס ָר ֙א ְל ִפ‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֤ה ִ ֽס‬ ַ ‫וּב ָ ֗רק ָר ַ ֞דף ַא ֲח ֵ ֤רי ָה ֶ ֨ר ֶכ ֙ב וְ ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶ֔נה ַ ֖ﬠד ֲח ֣ר ֹ ֶשׁת ַהגּוֹיִ ֑ם וַ יִּ ֞ ֹפּל ָכּ‬ ָ ‫ד־א ָ ֽחד׃‬ ֶ ‫נִ ְשׁ ַ ֖אר ַﬠ‬ 4:16

‫וּב ָרק‬ ָ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 4:16; 5:1; Job 20:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) without a cj. 4:16

‫ד־א ָחד‬ ֶ ‫ַﬠ‬

Twice at the end of a verse Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16

‫סוף פסוק‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma at the end of a verse, to distinguish them from its single occurrence in the middle of a verse at Exod 9:7.

JUDGES 4:18 ‫א ֱה ָלה‬ ֹ ֔ ‫יה ָה‬ ָ֙ ‫ירא וַ ָיּ ַ֤סר ֵא ֨ ֶל‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־תּ‬ ִ ‫סוּרה ֵא ַל֖י ַא‬ ֥ ָ ‫סוּרה ֲאד ִֹנ֛י‬ ֧ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֗ ָליו‬ ֶ ֹ ‫א וַ ֣תּ‬ ֒ ‫יס ָר‬ ְ ‫וַ ֵתּ ֵצ֣א יָ ֵﬠ ֮ל ִל ְק ַ ֣ראת ִ ֽס‬ ‫יכה׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫וַ ְתּ ַכ ֵ ֖סּהוּ ַבּ ְשּׂ ִמ‬ 4:18

‫סוּרה‬ ָ֧ 1

Twice accented (milraʿ)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

֗ ָ ְ‫)ו‬ Judg 4:18a; 4:18b; Isa 49:21 (‫סוּרה‬ ——————————

Mp

JUDGES ‫סוּרה‬ ָ three times milraʿ, and their references

Judg 4:18a Twice in it (Judg 4:18b) Isa 49:21

‫סורה ̇ג מלרע וסימנהון‬

63 Mm

‫יעל‬ ‫̇ב בו‬ [‫)גולה( ]גלה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma accented milraʿ, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence accented milʿêl at Ruth 4:1 (‫)ס ָוּרה‬. ֥

The Mp heading here of twice accented (milraʿ) is inexact since there are three occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read twice accented (milraʿ) in the book. MA correctly reads three times milraʿ, whereas MC has no note here.

This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words occurring three times, twice without a ‫ ו‬cj., and once with it; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §13, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §14.

The other in a list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59. 4:18

‫יכה‬ ָ ‫ַבּ ְשּׂ ִמ‬

Unique, and written with a ‫שׂ‬ ——————————

‫וכת שׂ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

‫יכה‬ ָ ‫ ַבּ ְשּׂ ִמ‬ten (words) written with a ‫שׂ‬ but read with a ‫ס‬, and their references 1–5

6–10

Judg 4:18 Isa 3:17 Isa 5:5 Hos 9:12 Hos 8:4 Lam 3:8 Qoh 12:11 Ezek 41:16 Lam 2:6 Job 40:31

‫בשמיכה‬ ‫ושפח‬ ‫משוכתו‬ ‫בשורי‬ ‫השירו‬ ‫שתם‬ ‫וכמשמרות‬ ‫שחיף‬ ‫שכו‬ ‫בשכות‬

Mp

‫כת ̇ש וקרין ס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ̇‫בשמיכה י‬

Mm

64

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten words, of which this lemma is one, when the letter ‫ש‬, is read as ‫ ;ס‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §191, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §327.

By noting that this lemma is unique and written with ‫שׂ‬, the Mp is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written with a ‫ס‬.

JUDGES 4:19 ‫ת־נ ֹאוד ֶה ָח ָל֛ב וַ ַתּ ְשׁ ֵ ֖ קהוּ וַ ְתּ ַכ ֵ ֽסּהוּ׃‬ ֧ ‫אתי וַ ִתּ ְפ ַ֞תּח ֶא‬ ִ ‫ט־מיִם ִ ֣כּי ָצ ֵ ֑מ‬ ֖ ַ ‫י־נ֥א ְמ ַﬠ‬ ָ ִ‫֛יה ַה ְשׁ ִקינ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֧יּ‬ 4:19

‫אתי‬ ִ ‫ָצ ֵמ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 4:20 ‫וּשׁ ֵא ֗ ֵל� וְ ָא ַ ֛מר ֲהיֵ ֽשׁ־ ֹ֥פּה ִ ֖אישׁ וְ ָא ַ ֥מ ְר ְתּ ָ ֽאיִ ן׃‬ ְ ‫ם־אישׁ ֜יָבוֹא‬ ִ֨ ‫א ֶהל וְ ָהיָ ֩ה ִא‬ ֹ ֑ ‫מד ֶפּ ַ֣תח ָה‬ ֹ ֖ ‫יה ֲﬠ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 4:20

‫וְ ָא ַמ ְר ְתּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 4:20; 1 Kgs 1:13; Isa 49:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them, as indicated in the Mm to 2 Sam 6:22 sub ‫א ַמ ְר ְתּ‬, ָ from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without a cj.

JUDGES 4:21 ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֶ ֣קּ ֶבת ְבּיָ ָ ֗דהּ וַ ָתּ ֤בוֹא ֵא ָל ֙יו ַבּ ֔ ָלּאט וַ ִתּ ְת ַ ֤ קע‬ ַ ‫א ֶהל וַ ָ ֧תּ ֶשׂם ֶא‬ ֹ ֜ ‫ת־יְתד ָה‬ ַ֨ ‫וַ ִתּ ַ ֣קּח יָ ֵﬠ֣ל ֵ ֽא ֶשׁת־ ֠ ֶח ֶבר ֶא‬ ‫מת׃‬ ֹ ֽ ָ‫ת־היָּ ֵת ֙ד ְבּ ַר ָקּ ֔תוֹ וַ ִתּ ְצ ַנ֖ח ָבּ ָ ֑א ֶרץ וְ ֽהוּא־נִ ְר ָ ֥דּם וַ יָּ ַ֖ﬠף וַ יּ‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 4:21 Four times

‫ַבּ ָלּאט‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 4:21; 1 Sam 18:22 (‫;)בּ ָלּט‬ ַ 24:5 (‫;)בּ ָלּט‬ ַ Ruth 3:7 (‫)בּ ָלּט‬ ַ ——————————

JUDGES ‫ ַבּ ָלּאט‬four times, once plene and three times defective

Judg 4:21 1 Sam 18:22 1 Sam 24:5 Ruth 3:7

65 ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל ̇וג‬ ̇ ‫בלאט ̇ד חד‬

Mm

‫ותבוא אליו בלאט‬ ‫ויצו שאול את‬ ‫)ויכו( ]ויכרת[ את כנף המעיל אשר‬ ‫ותבא בלט ותגל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, once written plene with ‫ א‬here, and three times written defective ‫א‬.

The Mp heading at Ruth 3:7 mistakenly reads twice in the Writings. The note, however, belongs on the preceding word ‫וַ ָתּבֹא‬, and the Mm heading at Ruth 3:7 correctly reads four times, once superfluous ‫א‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where an ‫ א‬is written but not read: see the Mm to Num 11:4 sub ‫אס ְפ ֻסף‬ ַ ‫וְ ָה‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §103, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §86. 4:21

‫וַ ִתּ ְצנַ ח‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 15:18; Judg 1:14; 4:21 4:21

Five times 1–5

‫נִ ְר ָדּם‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 4:21; Jonah 1:6; Ps 76:7; Prov 10:5; Dan 10:9

Com.: Since there are five occurrences of this lemma, the Mp heading at Ps 76:7 of unique is inexact, and that note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

JUDGES 4:22 ‫ר־א ָ ֣תּה‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֔לוֹ ֵל֣� וְ ַא ְר ֶ֔אךָּ ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אתוֹ וַ ֣תּ‬ ֔ ‫א וַ ֵתּ ֵצ֤א יָ ֵﬠל֙ ִל ְק ָר‬ ֒ ‫יס ָר‬ ְ ‫ת־ס‬ ֽ ִ ‫וְ ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָב ָר ֮ק ר ֵֹד֣ף ֶא‬ ‫יס ָר ֙א נ ֵֹפ֣ל ֵ֔מת וְ ַהיָּ ֵ ֖תד ְבּ ַר ָקּ ֽתוֹ׃‬ ְ ‫יה וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ִ ֽס‬ ָ ‫יָּב ֹא ֵא ֔ ֶל‬ ֣ ַ‫ְמ ַב ֵ ֑קּשׁ ו‬ 4:22

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬

Twice at the beginning of a verse Judg 4:22; 19:16

——————————

‫ראש פסוק‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

66

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬twice at the beginning of a verse in the book

Judg 4:22 Judg 19:16

‫בסיפר‬ ̇ ‫ראש פסוק‬ ̇ ‫והנה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ברק רדף את סיסרא‬ ‫איש זקן‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice at the beginning of a verse is inexact since there are many more occurrences (60x) of this lemma elsewhere. The note more precisely should have read, as it does in MC and MA, in the Mm heading here and in the Mp heading at Judg 19:16, twice at the beginning of a verse in the book.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse in the book with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences at the beginning of a verse in the book without a ‫ ו‬cj. 4:22

‫ְבּ ַר ָקּתוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 4:21: 4:22

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without this prep. at Judg 5:26.

JUDGES 4:23 ‫�־כּ ָנ ַ֑ﬠן ִל ְפ ֵנ֖י ְבּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ‫יָבין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֣ ִ ‫�ה ֙ים ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֔הוּא ֵ ֖את‬ ִ ‫וַ יַּ ְכ ַנ֤ע ֱא‬ 4:23

‫וַ יַּ ְכנַ ע‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 4:23; Ps 107:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its three occurrences in the niphal (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ָכּנַ ע‬see Judg 8:28.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that start with ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §69.

JUDGES

67

JUDGES 4:24 ‫�־כּ ָנ ַֽﬠן׃ פ‬ ְ ‫יָבין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֥ ִ ‫שׁר ִה ְכ ִ ֔ריתוּ ֵ ֖את‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�־כּ ָ ֑נ ַﬠן ַ ֚ﬠד ֲא‬ ְ ‫יָבין ֶ ֽמ ֶל‬ ֣ ִ ‫וַ ֵ֜תּ ֶל� ַי֤ד ְבּ ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ָהל֣ וֹ� וְ ָק ָ֔שׁה ַ ֖ﬠל‬ 4:24

‫וְ ָק ָשׁה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without a cj. 4:24

‫ַﬠל ִיָבין‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once preceded by the prep. ‫ ַ;ﬠל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §76, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §155.

JUDGES 5:1 ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ן־א ִבי ֹ֑נ ַﬠם ַבּיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֖הוּא ֵלא‬ ֲ ‫וּב ָ ֖רק ֶבּ‬ ָ ‫בוֹרה‬ ֔ ָ ‫וַ ָ ֣תּ ַשׁר ְדּ‬ 5:1

‫וַ ָתּ ַשׁר‬

Unique 5:1

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וּב ָרק‬ ָ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Judg 4:16.

Mp

JUDGES 5:2 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫עוֹת ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ְבּ ִה ְתנַ ֵ ֖דּב ָ ֑ﬠם ָבּ ֲר ֖כוּ י‬ ֙ ‫ִבּ ְפ ֤ר ֹ ַ� ְפּ ָר‬ 5:2 Unique 5:2

Unique

�ַֹ ‫ִבּ ְפר‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ְפּ ָרעוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

68

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

5:2

‫ְבּ ִה ְתנַ ֵדּב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ ב‬to distinguish it from its two occurrences with the prep. ‫)ל ִה ְתנַ ֵדּב( ל‬ ְ at 1 Chr 29:14 and 29:17. 5:2

‫ָבּ ֲרכוּ יְ הוָ ה‬

Five times 1–5

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 5:2; 5:9; Ps 103:20; 103:21; 103:22

——————————

‫ ָבּ ְַרכוּ יְ הוָ ה‬five times, and their references 1–5

Judg 5:2 Judg 5:9 Ps 103:20 And the one after it (Ps 103:21) And the one after it (Ps 103:22)

‫ברכו יהוה ̇ה וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫בפרע פרעות בישראל‬ ‫ושל אחריו‬ ‫מלאכיו )גבורי( ]גברי[ כח‬ ‫ושל אחריו‬ ‫ושל אחריו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma without ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its six occurrences with ‫ ;) ָבּ ֲרכוּ ֶאת יְ הוָ ה( ֶאת‬see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ב‬, §495.

JUDGES 5:3 ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫יהו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ִשׁ ְמ ֣ﬠוּ ְמ ָל ִ֔כים ַה ֲא ִז֖ינוּ ֽר ֹזְ ִנ֑ים ָ ֽאנ ִֹ֗כי ַ ֽליהוָ ֙ה ָאנ ִ ֹ֣כי ָא ִ֔שׁ ָירה ֲאזַ ֵ֕מּר ַ ֽל‬ 5:3

‫ַה ֲאזִ ינוּ‬

Eight times

1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Deut 32:1; Judg 5:3; Isa 1:10; 28:23; 51:4 Hos 5:1; Ps 49:2; Job 34:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the imper., to distinguish them from the three occurrences in the perf. (‫)ה ֱאזִ ינוּ‬. ֶ

The Mp heading at Deut 32:1 reads twice at the beginning of a verse to include that reference and Isa 28:23, which are both at the beginning of verses.

JUDGES 5:3

‫ָאנ ִֹכי ַליהוָ ה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

69

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without this preposition (‫) ָאנ ִֹכי יְ הוָ ה‬. 5:3

‫ָא ִשׁ ָירה‬

Twice in the Prophets

Mp

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫ב‬

Judg 5:3; Isa 5:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) in the Torah and Writings.

JUDGES 5:4 ‫ם־ﬠ ִ ֖בים ָנ ְ֥טפוּ ָ ֽמיִ ם׃‬ ָ ַ‫ם־שׁ ַ ֖מיִ ם נָ ָ ֑טפוּ גּ‬ ָ ַ‫יר ְבּ ַצ ְﬠ ְדּ ֙� ִמ ְשּׂ ֵ ֣דה ֱא ֔דוֹם ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ָר ֔ ָﬠ ָשׁה גּ‬ ֙ ‫את�֤ ִמ ֵשּׂ ִﬠ‬ ְ ‫הוה ְבּ ֵצ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫י‬ 5:4

‫את� ִמ ֵשּׂ ִﬠיר‬ ְ ‫ְבּ ֵצ‬

Unique 5:4

Twice

Mp

‫̇ל‬ �‫ְבּ ַצ ְﬠ ְדּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:2; Ps 68:8 5:4

‫נָ ָטפוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ט‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences with a šəwâ (‫ ;)נָ ְטפוּ‬see directly below. 5:4

Twice 1–3

‫נָ ְטפוּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:4; Ps 68:9; Cant 5:5

70

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since there are three occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫ט‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫נָ ָטפוּ‬, pausal form), which occurs in this very verse, see directly above. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the references covered by this note are only Judg 5:4 and Cant 5:5, because the forms in these passages are accented milʿêl whereas the form in Ps 68:9 is accented milraʿ. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 5:6 ‫ימי יָ ֔ ֵﬠל ָח ְדל֖ וּ ֳא ָר ֑חוֹת וְ ה ְֹל ֵכ֣י נְ ִת ֔יבוֹת יֵ ְל ֕כוּ ֳא ָר ֖חוֹת ֲﬠ ַק ְל ַק ֽלּוֹת׃‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ן־ﬠנָ ֙ת ִבּ‬ ֲ ‫ימי ַשׁ ְמ ַגּ֤ר ֶבּ‬ ֵ֞ ‫ִבּ‬ 5:6 Twice

‫ ֳא ָרחוֹת‬2 ‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:4a; 5:4b

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59.

5:6

Unique

‫ֲﬠ ַק ְל ַקלּוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a sfx., possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence with a sfx. (‫לּוֹתם‬ ָ ‫)ﬠ ַק ְל ַק‬ ֲ at Ps 125:5.

JUDGES 5:7 ‫בוֹרה ַשׁ ַ ֥קּ ְמ ִתּי ֵ ֖אם ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֔ ָ ‫תּי ְדּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫ָח ְדל֧ וּ ְפ ָרז֛ וֹן ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָח ֵ ֑דלּוּ ַ ֤ﬠד ַשׁ ַ ֨קּ ְמ‬ 5:7

‫ְפ ָרזוֹן‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 5:7

‫ָח ֵדלּוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

71

Mp

Judg 5:7; 1 Sam 2:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫ד‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with a šəwâ (‫)ח ְדלוּ‬. ָ 5:7

‫ ַשׁ ַקּ ְמ ִתּי‬1

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:7a; 5:7b

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59.

JUDGES 5:8 ‫ם־י ָֽ ר ֶא ֙ה וָ ֔ר ֹ ַמח ְבּ ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים ֶ ֖א ֶלף ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֵ ‫�הים ֲח ָד ִ֔שׁים ָ ֖אז ָל ֶ ֣חם ְשׁ ָﬠ ִ ֑רים ָמ ֵג֤ ן ִא‬ ֣ ִ ‫ְיִב ַח ֙ר ֱא‬ 5:8 Unique

‫ָל ֶ ֣חם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MC and MA, of unique is inexact since there are many other occurrences (58x) of this lemma, but only one (here) accented milraʿ. The note more precisely should have read unique milraʿ.

This form is found in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words that occur only once written with a ‫ח‬, but which otherwise are found written with a ‫ ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §212, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §148. The other is in a list of words which only once occur accented milraʿ but which otherwise occur accented milʿêl; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §373

72 5:8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫יֵ ָר ֶאה‬

Thirteen times 1–5 6–10 11–13

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 22:14; Exod 13:7a; 13:7b; 23:17; 34:23 Deut 16:4; 16:16a; 16:16b; Judg 5:8; Isa 60:2 Zech 9:14; Ps 84:8; 90:16

—————————— ‫ יֵ ָר ֶאה‬thirteen times 1–5

‫יראה י̇ ̇ג‬

Mm

Gen 22:14 Exod 13:7a Twice in the verse (Exod 13:7b) Exod 23:17 Exod 34:23 Deut 16:16a Twice in the verse (Deut 16:16b) Deut 16:4 Judg 5:8 Zech 9:14 Isa 60:2 Ps 84:8 Ps 90:16

6–10

11–13

‫יאמר היום‬ ‫מצות יאכל‬ ‫שנים בפסוק‬ ‫פעמים‬ ‫שלש‬ ‫)שלש( ]שלוש[ פעמים‬ ‫שנים בפסוק‬ ‫שאר‬ ‫מגן אם יראה‬ ‫ויהוה עליהם‬ ‫וכבודו‬ ‫אל אלהים‬ ‫אל עבדיך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirteen occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (52x) in the qal (‫)יִ ְר ֶאה‬. 5:8

‫אַר ָבּ ִﬠים‬ ְ ‫ְבּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 1:3; Judg 5:8

—————————— ‫אַר ָבּ ִﬠים‬ ְ ‫ ְבּ‬twice

Deut 1:3 Judg 5:8

‫בארבעים ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויהי בארבעים שנה‬ [‫בישרא( ]בישראל‬ ̇ ) ‫בארבעים אלף‬

And once (‫אַר ָבּ ִﬠים‬ ְ ‫)כּ‬: ְ Josh 4:13

[‫וחד כארבעים אלף חלוצי )צבא( ]הצבא‬

JUDGES

73

Com.: The Mp notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with the prep. ‫ ב‬at Deut 1:3 and here, and the Mm has an additional note that this lemma occurs written with the prep. ‫אַר ָבּ ִﬠים( כ‬ ְ ‫)כּ‬ ְ at Josh 4:13.

JUDGES 5:9 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫חוֹק ֵ ֣ קי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַה ִ ֽמּ ְתנַ ְדּ ִ ֖בים ָבּ ָ ֑ﬠם ָבּ ֲר ֖כוּ י‬ ְ ‫ִל ִ ֙בּי ְל‬ 5:9

‫חוֹק ֵקי‬ ְ ‫ְל‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬. 5:9

‫ַה ִמּ ְתנַ ְדּ ִבים‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:9; Neh 11:2

——————————

‫ ַה ִמּ ְתנַ ְדּ ִבים‬twice, and their references

Neh 11:2 5:9

‫̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ויברכו העם לכל האנשים‬

‫ָבּ ְַרכוּ יְ הוָ ה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 5:2.

JUDGES 5:10 ‫ל־דּ ֶר� ִ ֽשׂיחוּ׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ל־מ ִ ֛דּין וְ ה ְֹל ֵ ֥כי ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫ר ְֹכ ֵבי֩ ֲאתֹנ֨ וֹת ְצח ֹ֜רוֹת י ְֹשׁ ֵ ֧בי ַﬠ‬ 5:10 Unique

‫ְצחֹרוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

74 5:10

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ִמ ִדּין‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 15:61; Judg 5:10; Isa 10:2 ——————————

‫ ִמ ִדּין‬three times, and their references Judg 5:10 Isa 10:2 Josh 15:61

‫מדין ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ישבי על מדין והלכי‬ [‫להטות מדין דלים )ולשפט( ]ולגזל משפט‬ ‫במדבר בית הערבה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma which, as mentioned in the Mm of Isa 10:2, have three different meanings, once as the name of a town Middin (Josh 15:61), once as saddle rugs (here), and once as the prep. ‫ ִמן‬joined to ‫ ִדּין‬a legal claim (Isa 10:2). 5:10

Five times 1–5

�‫ל־דּ ֶר‬ ֶ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 38:14; Judg 5:10; 1 Sam 6:12; Hos 13:7; Ps 36:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of �‫ ֶדּ ֶר‬with ‫ﬠל‬,ַ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with ‫) ֶאל ֶדּ ֶר�( ֶאל‬.

The Mp headings at 1 Sam 6:12 and Hos 13:7 mistakenly read four times, but the correct number is given in the other Mp headings highlighted above, and in the Mm headings and enumerations at Hos 13:7 and Ps 36:5.

The Mp heading at Ps 36:5 and the Mm there adds information about �‫ל־ה ֶדּ ֶר‬ ַ ‫( ַﬠ‬with the def. article). The Mp reads five times and similarly all �‫ל־ה ֶדּ ֶר‬ ַ ‫ﬠ‬,ַ whereas the Mm adds and similarly all �‫ל־ה ֶדּ ֶר‬ ַ ‫ﬠ‬,ַ apart from two. That is, the norm for �‫ ַﬠל־ ַה ֶדּ ֶר‬is with the prep. ‫( ַﬠל‬6x), apart from two times when it is with the prep. ‫ ) ֶאל ַה ֶדּ ֶר�( ֶאל‬at Gen 38:16 and 2 Chr 6:27.

JUDGES

75

JUDGES 5:11 ‫הוה ִצ ְד ֥קֹת ִפּ ְרזֹנ֖ וֹ ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ָ ֛אז יָ ְר ֥דוּ ַל ְשּׁ ָﬠ ִ ֖רים‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫יְת ֙נּוּ ִצ ְד ֣קוֹת י‬ ַ ‫ִמ ֣קּוֹל ְמ ַ ֽח ְצ ִ֗צים ֵ ֚בּין ַמ ְשׁ ַא ִ֔בּים ָ ֤שׁם‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ַﬠם־י‬ 5:11 Unique 5:11

Unique 5:11

Unique 5:11

‫ְמ ַח ְצ ִצים‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫אַבּים‬ ִ ‫ַמ ְשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫יְ ַתנּוּ‬

Mp Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ִצ ְדקוֹת‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Mp

ִ 1 Sam 12:7; Mic 6:5 Judg 5:11a;5:11b (‫;)צ ְדקֹת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three times written plene ‫ ו‬and once written defective ‫ו‬, possibly to distinguish them from the four occurrences pointed differently (‫)צ ָדקוֹת‬. ְ 5:11

Unique

‫ִפּ ְרזֹנוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

ִ writes the lemma here defective ‫( ו‬see Breuer, The Com.: ML, contrary to M (‫)פּ ְרזוֹנוֹ‬, Biblical Text, 57).

Both MC and MA read ‫פּ ְרזוֹנוֹ‬.ִ The Mp note in MA reads unique, whereas that in MC reads unique and plene (‫)ו‬. 5:11

Unique

‫ַל ְשּׁ ָﬠ ִרים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) with the prep. ‫)בּ ְשּׁ ָﬠ ִרים( ב‬. ַ

76

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 5:12 ‫ן־א ִבי ֹֽנ ַﬠם׃‬ ֲ ‫י־שׁיר ֥קוּם ָבּ ָ ֛רק וּֽ ֲשׁ ֵ ֥בה ֶשׁ ְביְ �֖ ֶבּ‬ ֑ ִ ‫בוֹרה ֥ﬠ ִוּרי ֖ﬠ ִוּרי ַדּ ְבּ ִר‬ ֔ ָ ‫עוּרי ְדּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫עוּרי‬ ִ֤ 5:12

‫ַדּ ְבּ ִרי‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 5:12; Jer 31:20; Job 21:3 ——————————

‫ ַדּ ְבּ ִרי‬three times, and (their) references Judg 5:12 Jer 31:20 Job 21:3

̇‫דברי ̇ג וסימנ‬

Mm

‫עורי עורי דבורה‬ ‫כי מדי דברי בו‬ ‫ואחר דברי תלעיג‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫ב‬, possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ṣerê (‫ ַ)דּ ֵבּ ִרי‬at 2 Sam 14:12, or from its more common form ‫( ְדּ ָב ִרי‬13x); so Ginsburg, 4, ‫ד‬, §51. 5:12

‫וּשׁ ֵבה‬ ֲ

Unique 5:12

Mp

‫̇ל‬ � ְ‫ֶשׁ ְבי‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that start with a səḡôl; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §370.

JUDGES 5:13 ‫בּוֹרים׃‬ ֽ ִ ִ‫ד־לי ַבּגּ‬ ֖ ִ ‫הוה יְ ַר‬ ָ֕ ְ‫ָ ֚אז יְ ַ ֣רד ָשׂ ִ ֔ריד ְל ַא ִדּ ִ ֖ירים ָ ֑ﬠם י‬ 5:13

‫יְ ַרד‬1

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:13a; 5:13b

JUDGES

77

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59. The other is in a list of doublets that start with a ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §66.

JUDGES 5:14 ‫בוּלן מ ְֹשׁ ִ ֖כים‬ ֻ ֔ ְ‫וּמזּ‬ ִ֨ ‫דוּ ְמ ֣חֹ ְק ִ֔קים‬ ֙ ‫ִמ ִנּ֣י ֶא ְפ ַ ֗ריִ ם ָשׁ ְר ָשׁ ֙ם ַבּ ֲﬠ ָמ ֔ ֵלק ַא ֲח ֶ ֥רי� ִבנְ יָ ִ ֖מין ַ ֽבּ ֲﬠ ָמ ֶ ֑מי� ִמ ִנּ֣י ָמ ִ֗כיר ָי ְֽ ר‬ ‫ְבּ ֵ ֥שׁ ֶבט סֹ ֵ ֽפר׃‬ 5:14

‫ִמנִּ י‬

Twice at the beginning of a verse

̇‫ראש פסו‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:14; Ezra 7:13

——————————

‫ ִמנִּ י‬twice at the beginning of a verse Judg 5:14 Ezra 7:13

‫פסוק‬ ̇ ‫ראש‬ ̇ ‫מני ̇ב‬

Mm

‫מני אפרים שרשם‬ ‫מני שים טעם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse without a cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) that occur at the beginning of a verse with a cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §171, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §95.

This lemma occurs in the ms. on folio 139r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom left of the preceding folio 138v.

5:14

‫ִבנְ יָ ִמין‬

Seventeen times plene 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Gen 35:18; 42:4; 43:14; 43:16; 43:29 Gen 45:12; 49:27; Josh 21:17*; Judg 5:14; 10:9 (‫יָמין‬ ִ ְ‫וּב ִבנ‬ ְ ) 1 Sam 9:1 (‫;)מ ִבּן־יָ ִמין‬ ִ 13:2; 2 Sam 3:19; 1 Kgs 12:23 (‫יָמין‬ ִ ְ‫;)וּבנ‬ ִ Jer 32:8 Hos 5:8; Neh 11:36 (‫יָמין‬ ִ ְ‫)ל ִבנ‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in various forms written defective second ‫י‬.

78

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

ִ ְ‫)בנ‬, ִ writes the lemma at Josh 21:17 defective second ‫ ;י‬see * ML, contrary to M (‫יָמין‬ Breuer, Biblical Text, 53. Nevertheless, the Mm note there assumes that this reference is plene, because it not only writes it as such in the heading of the note and in the catchwords for the Josh 21:17 reference but, by adding of Joshua to these catchwords, it distinguishes it from its parallel in 1 Chr 6:45, where ‫ ִבּנְ יָ ִמן‬is written defective second ‫י‬. Similarly in that Mm note, the addition of Kings to the 1 Kgs 12:23 reference is to distinguish that reference from its parallel in 2 Chr 11:3, where the lemma is written defective second ‫י‬.

All the Mp headings highlighted above read seventeen times except the one at Judg 10:9, which reads twice, once plene and once defective (second ‫)י‬, and relates only to its specific form (‫יָמין‬ ִ ְ‫וּב ִבנ‬ ְ ), which occurs in its defective form at 2 Chr 11:10 (‫)וּב ִבנְ יָ ִמן‬. ְ 5:14

�‫ַבּ ֲﬠ ָמ ֶמי‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a duplicated ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (4x) (�‫)בּ ַﬠ ְמּ‬ ְ in its non-duplicated form. 5:14

‫ְמח ְֹק ִקים‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the pl., possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence in the sg. at Deut 33:21. 5:14

‫בוּלן‬ ֻ ְ‫וּמזּ‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:14; 2 Chr 30:11 (‫)וּמזְּ ֻבלוּן‬ ִ —————————— ‫בוּלן‬ ֻ ְ‫וּמזּ‬ ִ twice

2 Chr 30:11 Judg 5:14

‫ומזבולן ̇ב‬

Mm

‫אך אנשים מאשר ומנשה‬ ‫ומזבולן משכים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a cj. at 1 Chr 12:34. .

JUDGES 5:14 Six times 1–5 6

‫ְבּ ֵשׁ ֶבט‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Judg 5:14; 2 Sam 7:14; Isa 11:4; Ps 2:9; 89:33 Lam 3:1

—————————— ‫ ְבּ ֵשׁ ֶבט‬six times 1–5

6

79

Judg 5:14 2 Sam 7:14 Isa 11:4 Ps 2:9 Ps 89:33 Lam 3:1

̇‫בשבט ו‬

Mm

‫ומזבולן משכים‬ ‫)והכחדתיו( ]והכחתיו[ בשבט אנשים‬ ‫והכה ארץ‬ ‫תרעם בשבט ברזל‬ ‫ופקדתי בשבט פשעם‬ ‫אני הגבר ראה עני‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the indef. prep. ‫ ְבּ‬to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) with the def. prep. ‫ַבּ‬ (‫)בּ ֵשּׁ ֶבט‬. ַ

JUDGES 5:15 ‫אוּבן גְּ ד ִ ֹ֖לים ִח ְק ֵקי־‬ ֵ֔ ‫ם־דּב ָ ֹ֔רה וְ יִ ָשּׂ ֶשׂ ָכ ֙ר ֵכּ֣ן ָבּ ָ ֔רק ָבּ ֵ ֖ﬠ ֶמק ֻשׁ ַלּ֣ח ְבּ ַרגְ ָל֑יו ִבּ ְפ ַלגּ֣ וֹת ְר‬ ְ ‫וְ ָשׂ ַ ֤רי ְבּיִ ָשּׂ ֶשׂ ָכ ֙ר ִﬠ‬ ‫ֵלֽב׃‬ 5:15

‫וְ ָשׂ ַרי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 16:1; Judg 5:15

——————————

‫ וְ ָשׂ ַרי‬twice at the beginning of a verse Gen 16:1 Judg 5:15

‫ושרי אשת אברם‬ ‫ושרי ביששכר‬

‫ושרי ̇ב ראש פסוק‬

Mm

80

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mm heading here and at Gen 16:1, and the Mp headings at Gen 16:1 and in MC and MA here, read twice at the beginning of a verse. But, since there are no other examples of this lemma in the middle or end of a verse, these headings more precisely should have read twice, and at the beginning of a verse.

Normally such a note indicates the presence or absence of a ‫ ו‬cj. at the beginning of a verse, but there are no examples of ‫ ָשׂ ַרי‬without a ‫ ו‬cj. at the beginning of a verse. 5:15

‫ְדּב ָֹרה‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Judg 4:15. 5:15

‫ֻשׁ ַלּח‬

Three times

Mp

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 5: 15; Obad 1 (‫;)שׁ ָלּח‬ ֻ Job 18:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a šûreq under the ‫שׁ‬, possibly to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences with other vowels under the ‫שׁ‬, such as ‫( ַשׁ ַלּח‬17x), or ‫( ִשׁ ַלּח‬11x). 5:15

‫ִבּ ְפ ַלגּוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:15; Job 20:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫)ל ְפ ַלגּוֹת( ל‬ ִ in v. 16.

JUDGES 5:16 ‫י־לֽב׃‬ ֵ ‫דוֹלים ִח ְק ֵר‬ ֖ ִ ְ‫אוּבן גּ‬ ֵ֔ ‫מ ַ� ְשׁ ִר ֣קוֹת ֲﬠ ָד ִ ֑רים ִל ְפ ַלגּ֣ וֹת ְר‬ ֹ ֖ ‫ָל ָ֣מּה יָ ַ֗שׁ ְב ָתּ ֵ ֚בּין ַ ֽה ִמּ ְשׁ ְפּ ַ֔תיִ ם ִל ְשׁ‬ 5:16

‫ַה ִמּ ְשׁ ְפּ ַתיִם‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 49:14 (‫;)ה ִמּ ְשׁ ְפּ ָתיִם‬ ַ Judg 5:16

JUDGES

81

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written once with a paṯaḥ (here), and once with a qameṣ under the ‫( ת‬Gen 49:14).

The Mp heading at Gen 49:14 reads unique reflecting the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ת‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65. 5:16

‫ְשׁ ִרקוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:16; Jer 18:16 (‫שׁ ִריקוֹת‬, ְ qərê)

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written one plene ‫( י‬Jer 18:16), and one defective ‫( י‬here). The Mp note has been written on the line above. 5:16

‫דוֹלים‬ ִ ְ‫גּ‬

Six times plene 1–5 6

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Judg 5:16; Jer 25:14; Qoh 10:4; Neh 11:14 (‫דוֹלים‬ ִ ְ‫;)הגּ‬ ַ 12:43 1 Chr 17:8 (‫דוֹלים‬ ִ ְ‫)הגּ‬ ַ

—————————— ‫דוֹלים‬ ִ ְ‫ גּ‬six times plene 1–5

6

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫גדולים ו‬

Mm

Judg 5:16, difference of opinion Jer 25:14 ‫דוֹלים‬ ִ ְ‫ ְכּ ֵשׁם ַהגּ‬of Chronicles (1 Chr 17:8) Qoh 10:4 Neh 12:43 Neh 11:14

[‫פולג( ]פלוגתא‬ ̇ ) ‫חקר לב‬ ‫כי עבדו בם‬ ‫הימ‬ ̇ ‫דדבר‬ ̇ [‫כשם )הגדלים( ]הגדולים‬ ‫כי מרפא יניח‬ ‫ויזבחו ביום‬ ‫זבדיאל בן הגדולים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms, written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (32x) in various forms written defective ‫)גְּ ד ִֹלים( ו‬, one of which is in the previous verse. This distinction is implied in the Mm in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 17:8 reference, which distinguishes it from the parallel passage in 2 Sam 7:9, where the lemma occurs as ‫הגְּ ד ִֹלים‬.ַ

82

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

In the Mm note at the Judg 5:16 reference, mention is made of a difference of opinion (‫ )פלוגתא‬concerning the vocalization of this lemma in this verse; see also Breuer, The Biblical Text, 37, n. 7*. However, the plene writing is what is found in both MC and MA. The Mp note has been written on the line above.

JUDGES 5:17 ‫גִּ ְל ֗ ָﬠד ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶ֤בר ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֙דּן ָשׁ ֵ֔כן וְ ָ ֕דן ָל ָ֥מּה יָ ג֖ וּר ֳאנִ יּ֑ וֹת ָא ֵ֗שׁר יָ ַשׁ ֙ב ְל ֣חוֹף יַ ִ֔מּים וְ ַ ֥ﬠל ִמ ְפ ָר ָ ֖ציו יִ ְשׁ ֽכּוֹן׃‬ 5:17

‫וְ ָדן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:17; Ezek 27:19

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of homonyms; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. Here the meaning is and Dan, whereas in Ezek 27:19 the meaning is another name Vedan. 5:17

‫יָ ַשׁב‬

——————————

‫ יָ ַשׁב‬fifteen times, and (their) references 1–5

6–10

11–15

Gen 13:12a Twice in it (Gen 13:12b) Gen 19:29 Judg 5:17 1 Sam 27:7 1 Sam 27:11 2 Sam 7:1 And its companion (1 Chr 17:1) 1 Kgs 1:46 1 Kgs 2:12 1 Kgs 11:16 2 Kgs 13:13 Jer 2:6 1 Chr 5:9 Ps 47:9

‫וסימ‬ ̇ ̇‫ישב ̇הי‬ ‫אברם‬ ‫̇ב בו‬ ‫בשחת‬ ‫גלעד‬ ‫מספר‬ ‫ואיש ואשה‬ ‫ויהי‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ‫שלמה‬ ‫ושלמה‬ ‫כי ששת‬ ‫וירעבם‬ ‫המעלה‬ ‫ולמזרח‬ ‫מלך אלהים‬

Mm

JUDGES And five times with qameṣ

1–5

2 Sam 19:38 Jer 49:1 Dan 9:16 Ps 1:1 Ps 29:10

83

‫וה קמצין‬ ̇ ‫עבדך‬ ‫הבנים‬ ‫אפך‬ ‫בעצת רשעים‬ ‫למבול‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the fifteen occurrences of this lemma pointed with a paṯaḥ under the ‫שׁ‬, to distinguish them from the five occurrences pointed with a qameṣ under the ‫)יָ ָשׁב( שׁ‬. 5:17

‫ִמ ְפ ָר ָציו‬

Unique 5:17

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫יִ ְשׁכּוֹן‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:17; Ps 104:12

—————————— ‫ יִ ְשׁכּוֹן‬twice plene Ps 104:12 Judg 5:17

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mm

‫עליהם עוף השמים‬ ‫אשר ישב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) written defective ‫)יִ ְשׁכֹּן( ו‬.

JUDGES 5:18 ‫רוֹמי ָשׂ ֶ ֽדה׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫זְ ֻב ֗לוּן ַﬠ֣ם ֵח ֵ ֥רף נַ ְפ ֛שׁוֹ ָל ֖מוּת וְ נַ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֑לי ַ ֖ﬠל ְמ‬ 5:18

‫וְ נַ ְפ ָתּ ִלי‬

Seven times 1–5

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 35:25; Exod 1:4; Deut 27:13; Judg 5:18; 1 Chr 12:41

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven times is incorrect since there are only five occurrences of this lemma.

84

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Masorah notes the five occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (39x) without a cj.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 5:18

‫רוֹמי‬ ֵ ‫ְמ‬

Three times, once plene and twice defective

Judg 5:18; Prov 9:3 (‫;)מר ֵֹמי‬ ְ 9:14 (‫)מר ֵֹמי‬ ְ

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫וב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג הד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma twice written defective ‫( ו‬Prov 9:3 and 9:14), and once written plene ‫( ו‬here).

JUDGES 5:19 ‫ל־מי ְמגִ ֑דּוֹ ֶ ֥בּ ַצע ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ֥ל ֹא ָל ָ ֽ קחוּ׃‬ ֣ ֵ ‫מוּ ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י ְכ ַ֔נ ַﬠן ְבּ ַת ְﬠ ַנ֖ � ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫ָ ֤בּאוּ ְמ ָל ִכ ֙ים נִ ְל ָ֔חמוּ ָ ֤אז נִ ְל ֲח‬ 5:19

‫ָבּאוּ‬

Twice at the beginning of verse

‫ראש פסוק‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:19; Hos 9:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) that occur at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §171, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §95.

JUDGES 5:20 ‫יס ָ ֽרא׃‬ ְ ‫ם־ס‬ ִ ‫לּוֹתם נִ ְל ֲח ֖מוּ ִﬠ‬ ָ֔ ‫וֹכ ִב ֙ים ִמ ְמּ ִס‬ ָ ‫ן־שׁ ַ ֖מיִ ם נִ ְל ָ ֑חמוּ ַה ֽכּ‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ 5:20

‫ן־שׁ ַמיִ ם‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:20; 2 Sam 22:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without the def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (29x) with the def. article (‫) ִמן ַה ָשּׁ ַמיִם‬.

The Mp heading at 2 Sam 22:14 incorrectly reads three times.

JUDGES 5:20 Unique

‫לּוֹתם‬ ָ ‫ִמ ְמּ ִס‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫לּוֹתם( ב‬ ָ ‫)בּ ְמ ִס‬ ִ at Isa 59:7.

JUDGES 5:21 ‫ישׁוֹן ִתּ ְד ְר ִ ֥כי נַ ְפ ִ ֖שׁי ֽﬠֹז׃‬ ֑ ‫דוּמים ַנ ַ֣חל ִק‬ ֖ ִ ‫ישׁוֹן גְּ ָר ָ֔פם ַנ ַ֥חל ְק‬ ֙ ‫ַנ ַ֤חל ִק‬ 5:21 Unique 5:21

Unique 5:21

Unique

‫גְּ ָר ָפם‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫דוּמים‬ ִ ‫ְק‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ִתּ ְד ְר ִכי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp Mp

JUDGES 5:22 ‫יריו׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫י־סוּס ִ ֽמ ַדּ ֲה ֖רוֹת ַדּ ֲה ֥רוֹת ַא ִבּ‬ ֑ ‫ָ ֥אז ָה ְל ֖מוּ ִﬠ ְקּ ֵב‬ 5:22 Unique

‫ַדּ ֲהרוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that start with consecutive letters of the alphabet, here ‫ ;דה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §37, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §38.

85

86

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 5:23 ‫בּוֹרים׃‬ ֽ ִ ִ‫הו֖ה ַבּגּ‬ ָ ְ‫הוה ְל ֶﬠזְ ַ ֥רת י‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אוּ ְל ֶﬠזְ ַ ֣רת י‬ ֙ ‫א־ב‬ ָ֨ ֹ ‫֑יה ִ ֤כּי ֽל‬ ָ ‫ארוּ ָא ֖רוֹר י ְֹשׁ ֶב‬ ֹ ֥ ‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫֣אוֹרוּ ֵמ ֗רוֹז ָא ַמ ֙ר ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ 5:23

‫אוֹרוּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 5:23a; 5:23b (‫ ;)אֹרוּ‬1 Sam 14:29 (‫)אֹרוּ‬ ——————————

‫ אוֹרוּ‬three times, once plene and twice defective, and their references Judg 5:23a Twice in the verse (Judg 5:23b) 1 Sam 14:29

‫חס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫וב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫אורו ̇ג חד‬

Mm

‫אורו מרוז‬ ‫בפס‬ ̇ ‫שנים‬ ‫ראו נא כי ארו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, once plene ‫( ו‬here) and twice defective ‫( ו‬Judg 5:23b and 1 Sam 14:29). 5:23

‫ֵמרוֹז‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

5:23

‫ ְל ֶﬠזְ ַרת‬2

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:23a; 5:23b

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59.

5:23

Four times

‫בּוֹרים‬ ִ ִ‫ַבּגּ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 5:13; 5:23; Amos 2:16; 1 Chr 12:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) without this preposition.

JUDGES

87

JUDGES 5:24 ‫א ֶהל ְתּב ָ ֹֽר�׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫ְתּב ַֹר ֙� ִמנָּ ִ֔שׁים יָ ֕ ֵﬠל ֵ ֖א ֶשׁת ֶ ֣ח ֶבר ַה ֵקּ ִינ֑י ִמנָּ ִ ֥שׁים ָבּ‬ 5:24

�‫ְתּב ַֹר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

ְ Prov 20:21 (�‫)תּב ָֹר‬ ְ Judg 5:24a; 5:24b (�‫;)תּב ָֹר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written with a qameṣ and once with a paṯaḥ, possibly to distinguish them from the four occurrences pointed as �‫תּ ָב ֵר‬.ְ 5:24

‫ ִמנָּ ִשׁים‬1

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 5:24a; 5:24b; 1 Sam 15:33

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (58x) without this preposition. The Mp note has been placed in the line above. 5:24

‫ ִמנָּ ִשׁים‬2

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above. 5:24

Six times 1–5 6

‫ָבּא ֶֹהל‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 18:9; Num 19:14; Deut 31:15; Judg 5:24; 1 Kgs 8:4 2 Chr 5:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (41x) with the indef. prep. (‫)בּא ֶֹהל‬. ְ

88

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

5:24

�‫ְתּב ָֹר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at �‫תּב ַֹר‬.ְ

JUDGES 5:25 ‫ַ ֥מיִ ם ָשׁ ַ ֖אל ָח ָל֣ב נָ ָ ֑תנָ ה ְבּ ֵ ֥ס ֶפל ַא ִדּ ִ ֖ירים ִה ְק ִ ֥ר ָיבה ֶח ְמ ָ ֽאה׃‬ 5:25 Unique

‫נָ ָתנָ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ת‬ (pausal form), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) with a šəwâ (‫נָ ְתנָ ה‬, non-pausal form). 5:25

Unique 5:25

Unique

‫ְבּ ֵס ֶפל‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ִה ְק ִר ָיבה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Num 15:27), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

JUDGES 5:26 ‫וּמ ֲח ָ ֥צה וְ ָח ְל ָ ֖פה‬ ָ ‫אשׁוֹ‬ ֔ ֹ ‫יס ָר ֙א ָמ ֲח ָ ֣ קה ר‬ ְ ‫ימ ָינ֖הּ ְל ַה ְל ֣מוּת ֲﬠ ֵמ ִ ֑לים וְ ָה ְל ָ ֤מה ִ ֽס‬ ִ ‫יָ ָד ֙הּ ַליָּ ֵ ֣תד ִתּ ְשׁ ֔ ַל ְחנָ ה ִ ֽו‬ ‫ַר ָקּ ֽתוֹ׃‬ 5:26 Unique

‫ְל ַה ְלמוּת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 5:26 Unique

‫ֲﬠ ֵמ ִלים‬ ‫̇ל‬

89

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the pl., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in the sg. (‫)ﬠ ֵמל‬. ָ 5:26

Unique

‫וְ ָה ְל ָמה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

The Mp note has been placed in the line above. 5:26

Unique 5:26

Unique

‫ָמ ֲח ָקה‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וּמ ֲח ָצה‬ ָ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that start with ‫ ;ומ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §18, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §19. 5:26

Unique

‫וְ ָח ְל ָפה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

The Mp note has been placed in the line above.

JUDGES 5:27 ‫שׁר ָכּ ַ ֔רע ָ ֖שׁם נָ ַ ֥פל ָשׁ ֽדוּד׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יה ָכּ ַ ֣רע נָ ֔ ָפל ַבּ ֲא‬ ָ֙ ‫יה ָכּ ַ ֥רע נָ ַ ֖פל ָשׁ ָ ֑כב ֵבּ֤ין ַרגְ ֨ ֶל‬ ָ ‫ֵבּ֣ין ַרגְ ֔ ֶל‬ 5:27

‫נָ ֔ ָפל‬

Unique zaqeṕ qameṣ

‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל זק‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under a zaqeṕ, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with an ʾaṯnaḥ or sôṕ pasûq. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a qameṣ and zaqeṕ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §21, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §22.

90 5:27

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַבּ ֲא ֶשׁר‬

Fifteen times 1–5 6–10 11–15

Mp

̇‫̇הי‬

Gen 21:17; 39:9; 39:23; Judg 5:27; 17:8 Judg 17:9; 1 Sam 23:13; 2 Kgs 8:1; Isa 47:12; 56:4 Jonah 1:8; Ruth 1:17; Qoh 3:9; 7:2; 8:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the fifteen occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its almost five-hundred occurrences written with the prep. ‫כ‬ (‫;)כּ ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ַ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §164.

All the Mp headings highlighted above read fifteen apart from those at Ruth 1:17 and Qoh 8:4, which correctly read twice at the beginning of a verse.

JUDGES 5:28 ‫בּוֹ ָל ֔בוֹא ַמ ֣דּ ַוּ� ֶ ֽא ֱח ֔רוּ ַפּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֖מי‬ ֙ ‫יס ָ ֖רא ְבּ ַﬠ֣ד ָ ֽה ֶא ְשׁ ָנ֑ב ַמ ֗דּ ַוּ� בּ ֵ ֹ֤שׁשׁ ִר ְכ‬ ְ ‫ְבּ ַﬠד֩ ַה ַח ֨לּוֹן נִ ְשׁ ְק ָ ֧פה וַ ְתּ ֵיַבּ֛ב ֵ ֥אם ִ ֽס‬ ‫בוֹתיו׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ַמ ְר ְכּ‬ 5:28

‫וַ ְתּיַ ֵבּב‬

Unique 5:28

‫̇ל‬ ‫ָה ֶא ְשׁנָ ב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

5:28

‫בּ ֵֹשׁשׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp Mp Mp

Exod 32:1; Judg 5:28

Com.: The Mp heading at Exod 32:1 adds catchwords ‫דּוּ� בּ ֵֹשׁשׁ( מדוע בשש רכבו‬ ַ ‫ַמ‬ ‫ ִ)ר ְכבּוֹ‬to refer the reader to this verse. 5:28

Unique

‫ֶא ֱחרוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

91

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena pairings, one of which occurs in the Torah (‫אחוֹן‬, ָ Exod 33:19), one in the Prophets (‫א ֱחרוּ‬,ֶ here), and one in the Writings (‫אַﬠנֶ ה‬, ֲ Job 32:17); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §57, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §58. The relationship between each set of triple pairings in this list, apart from starting with the same letter of the alphabet, is unclear. 5:28

‫בוֹתיו‬ ָ ‫ַמ ְר ְכּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:28; Jer 4:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written defective ‫)מ ְר ְכּב ָֹתיו( ו‬ ַ at Exod 14:25 and Isa 66:15.

This distinction is implied in the heading of the Mp and Mm at Jer 4:13, which reads twice plene, thereby contrasting these forms with forms that occur defective.

JUDGES 5:29 ‫יה ָ ֽלהּ׃‬ ָ ‫ף־היא ָתּ ִ ֥שׁיב ֲא ָמ ֶ ֖ר‬ ִ֕ ‫יה ַתּ ֲﬠ ֶנ֑ינָּ ה ַא‬ ָ ‫רוֹת‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ַח ְכ ֥מוֹת ָשׂ‬ 5:29

‫ַח ְכמוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 5:29; Prov 14:1

——————————

‫ ַח ְכמוֹת‬twice, and their references Judg 5;29 Prov 14:1

‫וסימנה‬ ̇ ‫חכמות ̇ב‬

Mm

[‫)שרים( ]שרותיה‬ ‫נשים בנתה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under ‫ח‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (4x) with a qameṣ under the ‫ח‬ (‫)ח ְכמוֹת‬. ָ

This lemma is also featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that have a paṯaḥ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §24, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §25.

92

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This lemma occurs in the ms. on folio 139v, but the Mm note appears on the top right of the preceding folio 139r.

5:29

Unique

‫ַתּ ֲﬠנֶ ינָּ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in three Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words that occur three times, twice with a ‫ ו‬cj. (1 Sam 9:12 and 18:7), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §14, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §15.

The second is in a list of hapax legomena that begin with a ‫ ;ת‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §74, and the third is in a list of hapax legomena that end in ‫ ;נָּ ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §369, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §227. 5:29

Ten times 1–5 6–10

‫ָתּ ִשׁיב‬ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Gen 24:6; Deut 24:13; Judg 5:29; 2 Kgs 18:24; Isa 36:9 Isa 58:13; Ps 74:11; 89:44; Job 15:13; Lam 3:64

—————————— ‫ ָתּ ִשׁיב‬ten times

1–5

6–10

̇‫תשיב י‬

Mm

Gen 24:6 Deut 24:13 Judg 5:29 2 Kgs 18:24 And its companion (Isa 36:9) Isa 58:13 Ps 89:44 Ps 74:11 Job 15:13 Lam 3:64

‫השמר לך פן >תשיב< את בני‬ ‫השב תשיב לו את העבוט‬ ‫חכמות שרותיה‬ ‫ואיך תשיב‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ‫אם תשיב משבת רגלך‬ ‫צור חרבו‬ ‫למה תשיב ידך‬ ‫כי תשיב אל אל‬ ‫תשיב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (33x) in the qal (‫;)תּשׁוּב‬ ָ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §3G.

JUDGES

93

JUDGES 5:30 ‫יס ָ ֔רא ְשׁ ַ ֥לל ְצ ָב ִ ֖ﬠים ִר ְק ָ ֑מה‬ ְ ‫ֲה ֨ל ֹא יִ ְמ ְצ ֜אוּ יְ ַח ְלּ ֣קוּ ָשׁ ֗ ָלל ַ ֤ר ַחם ַר ֲח ָמ ַ֨תיִ ֙ם ְל ֣ר ֹאשׁ ֔ ֶגּ ֶבר ְשׁ ַל֤ל ְצ ָב ִﬠ ֙ים ְל ִ ֣ס‬ ‫ארי ָשׁ ָ ֽלל׃‬ ֥ ֵ ְ‫ֶ ֥צ ַבע ִר ְק ָמ ַ ֖תיִ ם ְל ַצוּ‬ 5:30 Unique 1–2

‫יְ ַח ְלּקוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 5:30; Ps 22:19

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

In ML the note has been placed in the left margin but it belongs in the right one. 5:30

Five times 1–5

‫ַר ַחם‬

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Judg 5:30; Isa 46:3 (‫;)ר ַחם‬ ָ Ezek 20:26 (‫;)ר ַחם‬ ָ Prov 30:16 (‫;)ר ַחם‬ ָ 1 Chr 2:44

——————————

‫ ַר ַחם‬five times, twice with a paṯaḥ and three times with a qameṣ

1–5

Judg 5:30 Isa 46:3 1 Chr 2:44 Ezek 20:26 Prov 30:16

And once (‫)וָ ָר ַחם‬: Gen 49:25 ‫ ַר ַחם‬four times

1–5

‫̇ד‬

Isa 46:3 Ezek 20:26 1 Chr 2:44 Prov 30:16

Mm2

‫פת ̇וג קמצין‬ ̇ ‫רחם ̇ה ̇ב‬ ‫הלא ימצאו יחלקו‬ ‫שמעו אלי בית יעקב‬ [‫ושמע )הליד( ]הוליד‬ ‫ואטמא אותם‬ ‫שאול‬

‫וחד ברכת שדים‬

[‫)העמוסים( ]העמסים‬ ‫במתנותם‬ ‫ישמע‬ ‫ועצר‬

Mm1

94

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, three times written with a qameṣ under the ‫( ר‬Isa 46:3, Ezek 20:26, and Prov 30:16), and twice with a paṯaḥ (here and 1 Chr 2:44).

The first Mm note adds the additional information about the occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וָ ָר ַחם‬at Gen 49:25. Curiously, the second Mm note has omitted the Judg 5:30 reference in its list, and its heading just reads four times.

The headings in the Mp at 1 Chr 2:44 (‫)ה‬ ַ and in the Mm at Prov 30:16 and 1 Chr 2:44 read five times with a paṯaḥ, thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different ֶ vowel under the ‫ח‬, which could possibly be a səḡôl (‫)ר ֶחם‬.

This note occurs twice on the same folio, the first one at the upper left of fol. 139v, and the second at the bottom right.

In ML the circellus has been placed between ‫ ַר ַחם‬and the following word ‫ר ֲח ָמ ַתיִם‬,ַ but it belongs only on ‫ר ַחם‬.ַ Also the note has been placed in the right margin, but it belongs in the left one. 5:30

‫ְלרֹאשׁ‬

Twenty-one times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–24

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Mp

Gen 49:26; Num 17:18; Deut 28:13; 28:44; 33:16 Judg 5:30; 10:18; 11:8; 11:9; 11:11 2 Sam 22:44; Jer 13:21; Amos 6:12; Ps 18:44; 118:22 Prov 10:6; 11:26; Lam 1:5; 2:19; 1 Chr 11:6a 1 Chr 11:6b; 26:10; 29:11; 2 Chr 25:12

Com.: The Mp heading here of twenty-one times is incorrect since there are twenty-four occurrences of this lemma as correctly noted in the Mp headings at Judg 10:18, 11:9, 2 Sam 22:44, 1 Chr 11:6a and 11:6b. The Masorah notes the twenty-four occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) without this preposition.

The Mp heading at Judg 11:8 correctly notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the book of Judges (5:30, 10:18, 11:8, 11:9, and 11:11). Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 5:30

95

‫יס ָרא‬ ְ ‫ְצ ָב ִﬠים ְל ִס‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The first part of this phrase ‫ ְצ ָב ִﬠים‬is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §58, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §59. 5:30

‫ְצ ָב ִﬠים ִר ְק ָמה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The first part of this phrase ‫ ְצ ָב ִﬠים‬is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur in the same verse; see directly above.

JUDGES 5:31 ‫א ֲה ָ֔ביו ְכּ ֵ ֥צאת ַה ֶ ֖שּׁ ֶמשׁ ִבּגְ ֻב ָר ֑תוֹ וַ ִתּ ְשׁ ֥קֹט ָה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ פ‬ ֹ ֣ ְ‫הוה ו‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ל־אוֹיְב ֙י� י‬ ֶ֨ ‫אב ֤דוּ ָכ‬ ְ ֹ ‫֠ ֵכּן י‬ 5:31

�‫אוֹיְבי‬ ֶ

Twice plene 1–5 6–7

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 5:31; Ps 83:3; 89:11; 89:52; 1 Chr 17:8 1 Chr 17:10; 21:12*

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice plene is incorrect since, as listed above, there are seven occurrences of this lemma. The correct heading of seven times plene is given in the other four Mp headings.

The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (33x) written defective ‫)א ֶֹיְבי�( ו‬.

ֶ writes the form at 1 Chr 21:12 defective ‫ ;)א ֶֹיְבי�( ו‬see * ML, contrary to M (�‫)אוֹיְבי‬, Breuer, The Biblical Text, 369. Both MC and MA correctly read here seven times plene. 5:31

‫ְכּ ֵצאת‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 21:7; 33:8; Judg 5:31 ——————————

96

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ְכּ ֵצאת‬three times, and (their) references

Exod 21:7 Exod 33:8 Judg 5:31

̇‫כצאת ̇ג וסימנ‬

Mm

‫ימכר‬ ‫כצאת‬ ‫יאבדו כל אויביך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) with the prep. ‫ב‬ (‫;)בּ ֵצאת‬ ְ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §2N. 5:31

‫ִבּגְ ֻב ָרתוֹ‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the single occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written plene ‫בוּרתוֹ( ו‬ ָ ְ‫)בּג‬ ִ at Jer 9:22 and Ps 66:7.

JUDGES 6:2 ‫שׁר ֶ ֽבּ ָה ִ ֔רים וְ ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫רוֹת ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ת־ה ִמּנְ ָה‬ ַ ‫ד־מ ְד ָי֖ ן ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ִמ ְפּ ֵ֨ני ִמ ְד ָ֜ין ָﬠ ֽשׂוּ ָל ֶ ֣הם ׀ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ֶא‬ ִ ַ‫וַ ָ ֥תּ ָﬠז י‬ ‫ת־ה ְמּ ָצ ֽדוֹת׃‬ ַ ‫ַה ְמּ ָﬠ ֖רוֹת וְ ֶא‬ 6:2

‫וַ ָתּ ָﬠז‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Judg 3:10; 6:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its two occurrences written without a ‫)תּעֹז( ו‬ ָ at Ps 89:14 and Qoh 7:19. 6:2

‫ַה ִמּנְ ָהרוֹת‬

Unique 6:2

‫̇ל‬ ‫ַה ְמּ ָצדוֹת‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp Mp

Judg 6:2; 1 Sam 23:14; 23:19; 24:1; Isa 33:16 Jer 48:41; 51:30; Ezek 33:27

JUDGES

97

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in various forms with a qameṣ under the ‫צ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ḥolem after the ‫)בּ ְמּצֹדוֹת( צ‬ ַ at Ezek 19:9.

This distinction is implied in the heading of the Mp at 1 Sam 23:14 which reads eight times with qameṣ (‫)ח‬, ָ thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel with the ‫צ‬, which can only be a ḥolem. The Mp heading at 1 Sam 24:1 reads unique for its particular form with the indef. prep. ‫)בּ ְמ ָצדוֹת( ב‬. ִ

The Mm note at 1 Sam 23:19 is given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic “he hides in the wilderness in the cave of the kid; death was hard for lofty Babylon”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 72–73.

JUDGES 6:3 ‫י־ק ֶדם וְ ָﬠל֥ וּ ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ֖ ֶ ֵ‫וּבנ‬ ְ ‫וְ ָה ָי֖ה ִאם־זָ ַ ֣רע יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וְ ָﬠ ֨ ָלה ִמ ְד ָי֧ ן ַו ֲֽﬠ ָמ ֵל֛ק‬ 6:3

‫זָ ַ ֣רע‬

Unique accented (milraʿ)

Mp

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the single occurrence of this lemma accented milraʿ (a verbal form, sowed), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x accented milʿêl (a noun, seed); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §373.

JUDGES 6:4 ‫ד־בּוֹא�֖ ַﬠ ָזּ֑ה וְ ֽל ֹא־יַ ְשׁ ִ ֤אירוּ ִ ֽמ ְחיָ ֙ה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וְ ֶ ֥שׂה וָ ֖שׁוֹר‬ ֲ ‫ת־יְבוּל ָה ָ֔א ֶרץ ַﬠ‬ ֣ ‫יתוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ֨ח‬ ֶ֗ ‫וַ יַּ ֲחנ֣ וּ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ‫וַ ֲח ֽמוֹר׃‬ 6:4

‫יְבוּל‬

Five times 1–3

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 6:4; Hab 3:17; Job 20:28

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times is incorrect since there are only three occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes these three occurrences without a sfx., to distinguish them from the numerous occurrences (9x) of this lemma with a sfx., such as ‫יְבוּלהּ‬ ָ and ‫;יְבוּלם‬ ָ see Ginsburg, 4, ‫י‬, §56.

98

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that the note has been misplaced and belongs with the second preceding word ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִחיתוּ‬, which does occur five times.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 6:4

�‫בּוֹא‬ ֲ

Five times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 6:4; 1 Sam 15:7; 17:52; 27:8; Isa 37:28 (�‫)וּבוֹא‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from the six occurrences in various forms written defective ‫וּב ֲֹא�( ו‬/�‫)בּ ֲֹא‬.

ML, contrary to M (�‫)בּ ֲֹא‬, has a sixth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 62. However, all the Mp at Judg 11:33 plene ‫;)בּוֹא�( ו‬ ֲ headings, apart from that Isa 37:28, read five times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

The number six that is given in the heading of the Mp at Isa 37:28 is thought to be an error, a confusion with the similar form ‫ בּ ֲֹא ָכה‬for which the note six times plene (that is, plene ‫ )ה‬is also given; see Breuer, The Aleppo Codex, 274–75.

JUDGES 6:5 ‫יהם ֵ ֣אין ִמ ְס ָ ֑פּר וַ יָּ ֥בֹאוּ ָב ָ ֖א ֶרץ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫י־א ְר ֶבּ ֙ה ָל ֔ר ֹב וְ ָל ֶ ֥הם וְ ִלגְ ַמ ֵלּ‬ ַ ‫יהם יּ ָ ֤באוּ ְכ ֵ ֽד‬ ֶ֗ ‫יהם יַ ֲﬠ ֜לוּ וְ ָא ֳה ֵל‬ ֶ֨ ֵ‫וּמ ְקנ‬ ִ ‫ִ֡כּי ֵה ֩ם‬ ‫ְל ַשׁ ֲח ָ ֽתהּ׃‬ 6:5

‫יּבאוּ‬ ָ

Read ‫וּבאוּ‬ ָ

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫ובאו‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)יבאו‬, and the qərê (‫)וּבאוּ‬ ָ represents a variation between a ‫ י‬of the 3rd pers. impf. and the ‫ ו‬of the ‫ ו‬consec.; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 145. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ י‬at the beginning of a word, which is read as a ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §134, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §118.

JUDGES 6:5

‫וְ ָל ֶהם‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 6:21; 43:32; Deut 1:39; Judg 6:5; Ezra 2:65 Ezra 6:20; Neh 7:67; 2 Chr 25:14

—————————— ‫ וְ ָל ֶהם‬eight times

1–5

6–8

99

‫ולהם ̇ח‬

Mm

Gen 6:21 Gen 43:32 Deut 1:39 Judg 6:5 2 Chr 25:14 Ezra 6:20 Ezra 2:65 and its companion (Neh 7:67)

‫מאכל‬ ‫לבדם‬ ‫אתננה‬ ‫ולגמליהם‬ ‫יקטר‬ ‫הטהרו‬ ‫משררים‬ ‫וחבירו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (600+) without a cj.

JUDGES 6:7 ‫הו֑ה ַ ֖ﬠל א ֹ֥דוֹת ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִ֕הי ִ ֽכּי־זָ ֲﬠ ֥קוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶאל־י‬ 6:7

‫וַ יְ ִ֕הי‬

Twice with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl) in the book Judg 6:7; 11:5

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the book with the accent zaqeṕ gaḏôl.

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 6:8‬‬ ‫�הי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ָאנ ִֹ֞כי‬ ‫הו֣ה ׀ ֱא ֵ ֣‬ ‫ֹה־א ַ ֥מר יְ ָ‬ ‫אמר ָל ֶ֜הם כּ ָ‬ ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶ‬ ‫הו֛ה ִ ֥אישׁ נָ ִ ֖ביא ֶא ְ‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֧ח יְ ָ‬ ‫֤יתי ֶא ְת ֶכ ֙ם ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם וָ א ִ ֹ֥ציא ֶא ְת ֶכ֖ם ִמ ֵ ֥בּית ֲﬠ ָב ִ ֽדים׃‬ ‫ֶה ֱﬠ ֵל ִ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫וָ א ִֹציא‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪6:8‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 24:6.‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 6:9‬‬ ‫ת־א ְר ָ ֽצם׃‬ ‫יכם וָ ֶא ְתּ ָנ֥ה ָל ֶכ֖ם ֶא ַ‬ ‫אוֹת ֙ם ִמ ְפּנֵ ֶ֔‬ ‫ל־�ח ֵצ ֶיכ֑ם וָ ֲאגָ ֵ ֤רשׁ ָ‬ ‫ֲ‬ ‫וּמ ַיּ֖ד ָכּ‬ ‫וָ ַא ִ ֤צּל ֶא ְת ֶכ ֙ם ִמ ַיּ֣ד ִמ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ִ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫אַצּל‬ ‫וָ ִ‬ ‫̇ג‬

‫‪6:9‬‬

‫‪Three times‬‬

‫אַצּיל( ‪Josh 24:10; Judg 6:9; 1 Sam 10:18‬‬ ‫)וָ ִ‬ ‫‪Mm‬‬

‫——————————‬

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ‫חס וחד ̇‬ ‫)ואציל( ]ואצל[ ̇ג ̇ב ̇‬

‫אַצּל‬ ‫‪ three times, twice defective and‬וָ ִ‬ ‫‪once plene, and their references‬‬ ‫ולא אביתי‬ ‫מיד מצרים‬ ‫העליתי‬

‫‪Josh 24:10‬‬ ‫‪Judg 6:9‬‬ ‫‪1 Sam 10:18‬‬

‫‪Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written defective‬‬ ‫‪ (1 Sam 10:18).‬י ‪ (Josh 24:10 and Judg 6:9), and once written plene‬י‬

‫‪JUDGES 6:10‬‬ ‫יוֹשׁ ִ ֣בים‬ ‫�הי ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֔רי ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַא ֶ ֖תּם ְ‬ ‫ת־א ֵ ֣‬ ‫אוּ ֶא ֱ‬ ‫יכם ֤ל ֹא ִ ֽת ְיר ֙‬ ‫�ה ֶ֔‬ ‫הו֣ה ֱא ֵ‬ ‫וָ א ְֹמ ָ ֣רה ָל ֶ֗כם ֲאנִ ֙י יְ ָ‬ ‫קוֹלי׃ פ‬ ‫ְבּ ַא ְר ָ ֑צם וְ ֥ל ֹא ְשׁ ַמ ְﬠ ֶ ֖תּם ְבּ ִ ֽ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫יוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ‫ְ‬ ‫מל‬ ‫י̇ ̇‬

‫‪6:10‬‬

‫‪Ten times plene‬‬

‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים( ‪Judg 6:10; Isa 10:13; Jer 36:12; 44:13‬‬ ‫;)ה ְ‬ ‫‪ַ Ezek 3:15‬‬ ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים( ‪Ezek 8:1; 1 Chr 9:2‬‬ ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים( ‪); 2 Chr 18:9; 2 Chr 30:25‬וְ ַה ְ‬ ‫;)וְ ַה ְ‬ ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים( ‪31:6‬‬ ‫)ה ְ‬ ‫ַ‬

‫‪1–5‬‬ ‫‪6–10‬‬

JUDGES

101

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (61x) in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, such as ‫ י ְֹשׁ ִבים‬and ‫היּ ְֹשׁ ִבים‬.ַ Four of the Mp headings highlighted above (Judg 6:10; Jer 36:12; Ezek 8:1; 2 Chr 18:9) read ten times plene. The other four read as follows: Jer 44:13 (‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫)ה‬ ַ

1 Chr 9:2 (‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫)וְ ַה‬ 2 Chr 30:25 (‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫)וְ ַה‬

2 Chr 31:6 (‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫)ה‬ ַ

Twice plene, referring to the two occurrences of ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫ ַה‬here, and at 2 Chr 31:6.

Twice, referring to the two occurrences of ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫ וְ ַה‬here, and at 2 Chr 30:25.

Three times. Since there are four occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, with and without the ‫ ו‬cj., this note must be referring to the three forms of ‫יּוֹשׁ ִבים‬ ְ ‫ ַה‬with and without ‫ ו‬cj., only in the book of Chronicles (1 Chr 9:2, 2 Chr 30:25 and 31:6). Thus the note more precisely should have read three times in the book.

Unique plene in the Writings. Referring to the only form in the Writings with the def. article but without the ‫ ו‬cj.

JUDGES 6:11 ‫יוֹאשׁ ֲא ִ ֣בי ָ ֽה ֶﬠזְ ִ ֑רי וְ גִ ְד ֣ﬠוֹן ְבּנ֗ וֹ ח ֵֹב֤ט‬ ֖ ָ ‫שׁר ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָ ֔רה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוה וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶשׁ ֙ב ַ ֤תּ ַחת ָ ֽה ֵא ָל ֙ה ֲא‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫יָּב ֹא ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ֞ ַ‫ו‬ ‫ִח ִטּ ֙ים ַבּ ֔ ַגּת ְל ָה ִנ֖יס ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֥י ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ 6:11 Unique 6:11

Unique

‫ח ֵֹבט‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ַבּגַּ ת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫בּ‬,ַ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (11x ) with the indef. prep. ‫ְבּ‬ (‫)בּגַ ת‬. ְ 6:11

Unique

‫ְל ָהנִ יס‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

102

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 6:12 ‫הו֥ה ִﬠ ְמּ�֖ גִּ ֥בּוֹר ֶה ָ ֽחיִ ל׃‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הו֑ה וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יֵּ ָ ֥רא ֵא ָל֖יו ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ 6:12

‫וַ יֵּ ָרא‬

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20

Mp

̇כ‬

Gen 12:7; 17:1; 18:1; 26:2; 26:24 Gen 35:9; 46:29; Exod 3:2; Lev 9:23; Num 16:19 Num 17:7; 20:6; Deut 31:15; Judg 6:12; 13:3 2 Sam 22:11; 1 Kgs 9:2; Ezek 10:8; 19:11; 2 Chr 7:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in the qal ‫וַ יַּ ְרא‬.

All the Mp headings highlighted above read twenty times apart from that at 2 Chr 7:12, which mistakenly reads twice, an obvious confusion of the letters ‫ ב‬twice and ‫ כ‬twenty. In ML this lemma has a circellus but no note. However, the note reading twenty times does occur in the Mp notes here in MC and MA.

JUDGES 6:13 ֩‫ל־ז ֹאת וְ ַאיֵּ ֣ה ָ ֽכל־נִ ְפ ְלא ָֹ֡תיו ֲא ֶשׁר‬ ֑ ‫עוֹן ִ ֣בּי ֲאד ִֹ֔ני וְ יֵ ֤שׁ יְ הוָ ֙ה ִﬠ ָ֔מּנוּ וְ ָל ָ֥מּה ְמ ָצ ַ ֖א ְתנוּ ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫אמר ֵא ָל֤יו גִּ ְד‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ף־מ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ִ ‫הוה ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ֵנ֖נוּ ְבּ ַכ‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫הוה וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה נְ ָט ָ ֣שׁנוּ י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫מר ֲה ֤ל ֹא ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ֶה ֱﬠ ָל֣נוּ י‬ ֹ ֗ ‫בוֹתינוּ ֵלא‬ ֵ֜ ‫רוּ־לנוּ ֲא‬ ָ ֨ ‫ִס ְפּ‬ 6:13

‫ִבּי ֲאד ֹנִ י‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

1–5 6–7

Gen 43:20; 44:18; Num 12:11; Judg 6:13; 1 Sam 1:26 1 Kgs 3:17; 3:26

6:13

‫וְ יֵ שׁ יְ הוָ ה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of ‫ ִבּי‬with ‫אד ֹנִ י‬, ֲ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with ‫ ;) ִבּי ֲאד ֹנָ י( ֲאד ֹנָ י‬see Josh 7:8.

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring twice combined with the Tetragrammaton, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without a cj. (‫יֵ שׁ יְ הוָ ה‬, Gen 28:16); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §186, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §152FF.

JUDGES 6:13

‫אַתנוּ‬ ְ ‫ְמ ָצ‬

Three times

103

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Num 20:14 (‫;)מ ָצ ָא ְתנוּ‬ ְ Judg 6:13; Neh 9:32 —————————— ‫אַתנוּ‬ ְ ‫ ְמ ָצ‬three times

Num 20:14 Judg 6:13 Neh 9:32

‫מצאתנו ̇ג‬

Mm

‫וישלה משה‬ ‫אליו גדעון‬ ‫ועתה אלהינו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written with paṯaḥ under the ‫( א‬here and Neh 9:32), and once written with qameṣ under the ‫מ ָצ ָא ְתנוּ( א‬, ְ Num 20:14). The Mp heading at Neh 9:32 reads three times, twice with paṯaḥ, and the headings of the Mm at Num 20:14 and Neh 9:32 add and once with qameṣ. 6:13

‫ף־מ ְדיָ ן‬ ִ ‫ְבּ ַכ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫ ) ִמ ַכּף ִמ ְדיָ ן( מ‬in v. 14.

JUDGES 6:14 ‫הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ָ ֥תּ ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ִמ ַכּ֣ף ִמ ְד ָ ֑י ן ֲה ֖ל ֹא ְשׁ ַל ְח ִ ֽתּי�׃‬ ַ ְ‫אמר ֵ ֚ל� ְבּכ ֲֹח�֣ ֶ֔זה ו‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הוה וַ ֗יּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ יִּ ֶ֤פן ֵא ָל ֙יו י‬ 6:14 Unique 1–2

‫וַ יִּ ֶפן ֵא ָליו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 6:14; 2 Chr 26:20

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

104

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

6:14

‫הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ָתּ‬ ַ ְ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 6:14; 1 Sam 23:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to at Job 26:2. distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a ‫)הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ָתּ( ו‬ ַ 6:14

‫ִמ ַכּף ִמ ְדיָ ן‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫ף־מ ְדיָ ן( ב‬ ִ ‫)בּ ַכ‬ ְ in v. 13.

JUDGES 6:15 ‫פּי ַה ַ ֣דּל ִבּ ְמנַ ֶ֔שּׁה וְ ָאנ ִ ֹ֥כי ַה ָצּ ִ ֖ﬠיר ְבּ ֵ ֥בית ָא ִ ֽבי׃‬ ֙ ִ ‫אוֹשׁ ַי� ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ִה ֵנּ֤ה ַא ְל‬ ֖ ִ ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ִ ֣בּי ֲאד ָֹ֔ני ַבּ ָ ֥מּה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 6:15

‫ִבּי ֲאד ֹנָ י‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 7:8. 6:15

‫ַבּ ָמּה‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Mp

Gen 15:8; Judg 6:15; 1 Sam 14:38; 1 Kgs 22:21; Mic 6:6 Mal 1:2; 2:17; 2 Chr 18:20

—————————— ‫ ַבּ ָמּה‬eight times 1–5

6–8

‫במה ̇ח‬

Mm

Gen 15:8 Judg 6:15 1 Sam 14:38 1 Kgs 22:21 And its companion (2 Chr 18:20) Mic 6:6 Mal 1:2 Mal 2:17

‫אדע‬ ‫אושיע‬ ‫היתה‬ ‫אפתנו‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ‫אקדם‬ ‫אהבתנו‬ ‫הוגעתם‬

JUDGES And once (‫)וּב ָמּה‬: ַ 2 Sam 21:3

105

‫וחד ובמה אכפר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma written with a qameṣ, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written with a səḡôl; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §32B. This distinction is implied in the headings of the Mp at 1 Sam 14:38 (‫קמ‬ ̇ ‫) ̇ח‬, 1 Kgs 22:21 (‫)ח‬, ָ 2 Chr 18:20 (‫)ח‬, ָ and the Mm headings at Gen 15:8 and Mic 6:6, all of which read eight times with qameṣ, thereby assuming a contrast with a form with a different vowel under the ‫ ח‬, which can only be a səḡôl. The Mm note adds the additional information about the occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. at 2 Sam 21:3. 6:15

Unique

‫ַה ַדּל‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Exod 30:15), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

JUDGES 6:16 ‫ת־מ ְד ָי֖ ן ְכּ ִ ֥אישׁ ֶא ָ ֽחד׃‬ ִ ‫ית ֶא‬ ֥ ָ ‫הוה ִ ֥כּי ֶא ְה ֶי֖ה ִﬠ ָ ֑מּ� וְ ִה ִכּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 6:16

‫ית‬ ֥ ָ ‫וְ ִה ִכּ‬

Twice with the accent (mêrəḵâ) 1–5

‫בט‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Deut 20:13; Judg 6:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the accent mêrəḵâ, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the accent dargâ at 2 Kgs 13:17; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

The Mp heading at Deut 20:13 reads five times with the accent referring to the five occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective ‫ה‬, which are accented milraʿ; see 2 Kgs 13:17.

106 6:16

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְכּ ִאישׁ‬

Twenty times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20

Mp

‫̇כ‬

Num 14:15; Judg 6:16; 20:1; 20:8; 20:11 1 Sam 11:7; 2 Sam 19:15; Isa 42:13; 66:13; Jer 6:23 Jer 14:9; 23:9; 50:42; Zech 4:1; Ps 38:15 Prov 6:11; 24:34; Ezra 3:1; Neh 7:2; 8:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫כ‬, possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫)כּ ִאישׁ‬ ָ at Judg 8:21.

JUDGES 6:17 ‫ית ִ ֙לּי ֔אוֹת ָשׁ ַא ָ ֖תּה ְמ ַד ֵ ֥בּר ִﬠ ִ ֽמּי׃‬ ָ ‫אתי ֵ ֖חן ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינ֑י� וְ ָﬠ ִ ֤שׂ‬ ִ ‫ם־נ֛א ָמ ָ ֥צ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו ִא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 6:17

‫אַתּה‬ ָ ‫ָשׁ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 6:18 ‫אמר ָאנ ִ ֹ֥כי ֵא ֵ ֖שׁב ַ ֥ﬠד‬ ַ֕ ֹ ‫ת־מנְ ָח ִ֔תי וְ ִהנַּ ְח ִ ֖תּי ְל ָפ ֶנ֑י� וַ יּ‬ ִ ‫אתי ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫ל־נא ָת ֻמ֤שׁ ִמזֶּ ֙ה ַﬠד־בּ ִ ֹ֣אי ֵא ֔ ֶלי� וְ ֽהֹ ֵצ‬ ָ֨ ‫ַא‬ ‫שׁוּב�׃‬ ֶֽ 6:18

‫ָת ֻמשׁ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 6:18; Isa 22:25 (‫;)תּמוּשׁ‬ ָ Prov 17:13 (‫תּמוּשׁ‬,ָ qərê) ——————————

‫ ָת ֻמשׁ‬three times; once written ‫ת ֻמשׁ‬,ָ and once written ‫תּמוּשׁ‬,ָ and once written ‫תּמישׁ‬ Judg 6:18 Isa 22:25 Prov 17:13

‫אל נא תמש מזה עד באי‬ ‫תמוש היתד‬ ‫לא תמיש רעה‬

‫כת תמש‬ ̇ ‫תמש ̇ג חד‬ ‫כת תמוש‬ ̇ ‫וחד‬ ‫כת תמיש‬ ̇ ‫וחד‬

Mm

JUDGES

107

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written in three different ways, once plene ‫)תּמוּשׁ( ו‬ ָ at Isa 22:25, once defective ‫)ת ֻמשׁ( ו‬ ָ here, and once plene ‫י‬ (‫)תמיש‬, the kəṯîḇ form at Prov 17:13 (the qərê form is ‫)תּמוּשׁ‬. ָ

This lemma occurs in the ms. on folio 139v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom right of the following folio 140r. 6:18

‫אתי‬ ִ ‫וְ ה ֵֹצ‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 6:18; Jer 51:44

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written plene ‫אתי( ו‬ ִ ‫הוֹצ‬ ֵ ְ‫)ו‬. 6:18

‫וְ ִהנַּ ְח ִתּי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 6:18; Ezek 22:20; 37:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them from the two occurrences of its parallel form ‫ וַ ֲהנִ ח ִֹתּי‬at Exod 33:14 and Ezek 16:42. The Mp and Mm headings at Ezek 22:20 read twice. But, if referring to the two occurrences in Ezekiel, the note more precisely should have read twice in the book. 6:18

‫ַ ֥ﬠד‬

Twelve times with the accent (mêrəḵâ) 1–5 6–10 11

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 38:17; Deut 20:20; 28:22; 28:35 (‫ ;)וְ ַﬠד‬Josh 5:8 Judg 6:18; Job 2:7 (‫וְ ַﬠד‬, qərê); Cant 2:7; 3:5; 8:4 Ezra 9:6

Com.: The Mp heading here of twelve times is incorrect since there are only eleven occurrences of this lemma. The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of the prep. ‫ﬠד‬, ַ֥ with the accent mêrəḵâ as the penultimate word at the end of a verse, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (18x) of this lemma with this accent in the middle of a verse.

108

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at Cant 2:7 and the Mp and Mm headings at Ezra 9:6, which read eleven times with this accent at the end of a verse.

at the end of a verse. The Mm at Ezra 9:6 reads eleven times accented mêrəḵâ (‫)דמארכ‬ ̇ Both MC and MA correctly read here eleven times with this accent.

JUDGES 6:19 ‫יּוֹצא ֵא ָל֛יו‬ ֥ ֵ ַ‫ת־ק ַמח ַמ ֔צּוֹת ַה ָבּ ָשׂ ֙ר ָ ֣שׂם ַבּ ַ֔סּל וְ ַה ָמּ ַ ֖רק ָ ֣שׂם ַבּ ָפּ ֑רוּר ו‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יפ‬ ַ ‫י־ﬠזִּ ֙ים וְ ֵא‬ ִ ‫וְ גִ ְד ֣ﬠוֹן ָ֗בּא וַ ַיּ ַ֤ﬠשׂ גְּ ִ ֽד‬ ‫ל־תּ ַחת ָה ֵא ָל֖ה וַ יַּ ַגּֽשׁ׃ ס‬ ֥ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 6:19

‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫ו‬

Twelve times plene 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 15:5; 24:53; 43:23; 48:12; Exod 19:17 Judg 6:19; 2 Kgs 24:13; Jer 10:13; 50:25; 51;16* Ps 136:11; 2 Chr 23:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its thirteen occurrences written defective ‫ ;)וַ יּ ֵֹצא( ו‬see Judg 19:25.

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm at Ps 136:11 which, after listing the twelve plene forms, states that there are also thirteen defective forms making a total of twenty-five such forms in the Bible.

ֵ ַ‫)ו‬, has only eleven occurrences since it writes this lemma * ML, contrary to M (‫יּוֹצא‬ defective at Jer 51:16 (‫ ;)וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 196 and 394. However, all the Mp headings highlighted above and the Mm heading here read twelve times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

JUDGES 6:20 ‫ת־ה ָמּ ַ ֖רק‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ֶ ֣סּ ַלע ַה ֔ ָלּז וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫צּוֹת וְ ַהנַּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ת־ה ַמּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ָ ֤שׂר וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫�הים ַ ֣קח ֶא‬ ִ֗ ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� ָה ֱא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ְשׁ ֑פוֹ� וַ ַיּ ַ֖ﬠשׂ ֵ ֽכּן׃‬ 6:20

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ַמ ְלאַ� ָה ֱא‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 31:11; Exod 14:19; Judg 6:20; 13:6; 13:9 2 Sam 14:17 (�‫;)כּ ַמ ְלאַ‬ ְ 14:20; 19:28 (�‫)כּ ַמ ְלאַ‬ ְ

JUDGES

109

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of �‫ ַמ ְלאַ‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ה ֱא‬,ָ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫�הים( ֱא‬ ִ ‫ ) ַמ ְלאַ� ֱא‬at Gen 21:17, and from its more numerous occurrences (49x) with the Tetragrammaton (‫) ַמ ְלאַ� יְ הוָ ה‬.

All the Mp headings highlighted above read eight times apart from that at 2 Sam 14:17, which reads twice counting just the two forms with the prep. ‫ כ‬at that reference and at 2 Sam 19:28. 6:20

‫וְ ַהנַּ ח‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 16:33; Judg 6:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Hos 4:17. 6:20

�‫ְשׁפוֹ‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 6:20; Jer 22:17(�‫)ל ְשׁפּוֹ‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) written defective ‫ו‬ (�ֹ‫ ִל ְשׁפּ‬/�ֹ‫) ְשׁפ‬.

JUDGES 6:21 ‫ן־ה ֗צּוּר‬ ַ ‫וּב ַמּ ֑צּוֹת וַ ַ֨תּ ַﬠל ָה ֵ֜אשׁ ִמ‬ ַ ‫שׁר ְבּיָ ֔דוֹ וַ יִּ ַגּ֥ע ַבּ ָבּ ָ ֖שׂר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־ק ֵצ֤ה ַה ִמּ ְשׁ ֨ ֶﬠנֶ ֙ת ֲא‬ ְ ‫הוה ֶא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֞ ַלח ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ‫הוה ָה ַל֖� ֵמ ֵﬠ ָינֽיו׃‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫וּמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֔צּוֹת‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָבּ ָשׂ ֙ר וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫אכל ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫וַ ֤תּ‬ 6:21 Unique 6:21

Unique

‫וּב ַמּצּוֹת‬ ַ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ ַתּ ַﬠל ָה ֵאשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

110

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

6:21

‫ֵמ ֵﬠינָ יו‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (51x) with the prep. ‫)בּ ֵﬠינָ יו( ב‬. ְ

JUDGES 6:22 ‫הוה‬ ָ֔ ְ‫יתי ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ֙ ִ ‫ל־כּ֤ן ָר ִ֨א‬ ֵ ‫י־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫הוה ִ ֽכּ‬ ִ֔ ְ‫אמר גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ֲא ָה ֙הּ ֲאד ָֹנ֣י י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫הו֖ה ֑הוּא ס וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ְ‫י־מ ְל ַ ֥א� י‬ ַ ‫וַ ַיּ֣ ְ רא גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ִ ֽכּ‬ ‫ל־פּ ִנֽים׃‬ ָ ‫ָפּ ִנ֖ים ֶא‬ 6:22

‫ל־פּנִ ים‬ ָ ‫ָפּנִ ים ֶא‬

Five times 1–5

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 32:31; Exod 33:11; Deut 34:10; Judg 6:22; Ezek 20:35

—————————— ‫ל־פּנִ ים‬ ָ ‫ ָפּנִ ים ֶא‬five times 1–5

‫פנים אל פנים ̇ה‬

Exod 33:11 Deut 34:10 Gen 32:31 Judg 6:22 Ezek 20:35

Mm

‫ודבר יהוה‬ ‫ולא קם נביא‬ [‫כי ראיתי )אל( ]אלהים‬ ‫כי על כן‬ ‫ונשפטתי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the sole occurrence of its parallel phrase ‫ ֶפּה ֶאל ֶפּה‬at Num 12:8. The heading of the Mp at Deut 34:10 mistakenly reads four times, though the Mm there lists five references.

JUDGES 6:23 ‫ירא ֖ל ֹא ָתּ ֽמוּת׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫ל־תּ‬ ִ ‫הו֛ה ָשׁל֥ וֹם ְל�֖ ַא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ל֧ וֹ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 6:23 Four times

‫אמר לוֹ יְ הוָ ה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 4:15; Judg 6:23; 6:25; 1 Chr 14:10

JUDGES

111

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of the phrase ‫אמר לוֹ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ וַ יּ‬with the Tetragrammaton, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ֱא‬or ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ָה ֱא‬ (‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ָה ֱא‬/‫�הים‬ ִ ‫אמר לוֹ ֱא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫)וַ יּ‬.

The Mp heading at Judg 6:25 reads twice with these accents, and refers to the fact that at both Gen 4:15 and Judg 6:25 the accents on this phrase are identical, having the combination dargâ mûnaḥ rəḇîaʿ (‫הוה‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫אמר ל֣ וֹ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫)וַ ֧יּ‬.

In ML only one circellus has been placed on ‫ לוֹ יְ הוָ ה‬but, since this phrase occurs nine times, it is clear that the lemma should be the three words ‫אמר לוֹ יְ הוָ ה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬, as it is in v. 25 where there are two circelli. 6:23

�‫ָשׁלוֹם ְל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

1–3

Mp

Judg 6:23; 1 Sam 20:21; 1 Chr 12:19

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MA, of twice is inexact since there are three occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read twice in the Prophets. The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ָשׁלוֹם‬with �‫ל‬,ְ to distinguish them from its two occurrences written with �‫ ) ָשׁלוֹם ָל�( ָל‬at Judg 19:20 and Dan 10:19.

The Mp heading at 1 Sam 20:21 correctly reads three times.

MC has no note here.

JUDGES 6:24 ‫עוֹדנּוּ ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָ ֖רת ֲא ִ ֥בי ָה ֶﬠזְ ִ ֽרי׃ פ‬ ֕ ֶ ‫הו֖ה ָשׁל֑ וֹם ַ ֚ﬠד ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶ֔זּה‬ ָ ְ‫יהוה וַ יִּ ְק ָרא־ל֥ וֹ י‬ ֔ ָ ‫יִּבן֩ ָ֨שׁם גִּ ְד ֤ﬠוֹן ִמזְ ֵ֨בּ ַ ֙� ַ ֽל‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬ 6:24 Unique

‫ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָרת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the cstr., to distinguish it from its three occurrences in the absol. (‫) ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָרה‬, one of which occurs in v. 11.

112

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 6:25 ‫שׁ ַבע ָשׁ ִנ֑ים וְ ָה ַר ְס ָ֗תּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וּפר ַה ֵשּׁ ִנ֖י‬ ֥ ַ �‫שׁר ְל ָא ִ֔בי‬ ֣ ֶ ‫שּׁוֹר ֲא‬ ֙ ‫ר־ה‬ ַ ‫ת־פּ‬ ַ ‫הוה ַ ֤קח ֶא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫אמר ל֣ וֹ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫א וַ ֧יּ‬ ֒ ‫וַ יְ ִה֮י ַבּ ַלּ֣יְ ָלה ַההוּ‬ ‫ר־ﬠ ָל֖יו ִתּ ְכ ֽר ֹת׃‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֥רה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫שׁר ְל ָא ִ֔בי� וְ ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־מזְ ַ ֤בּח ַה ַ֨בּ ַﬠל֙ ֲא‬ ִ ‫ֶא‬ 6:25

‫אמר לוֹ יְ הוָ ה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twice with these accents (dargâ mûnaḥ rəḇîaʿ) Com.: See directly above at Judg 6:23. 6:25

‫וּפר ַה ֵשּׁנִ י‬ ַ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases whose second word occurs once with the def. article (here), and once without (‫וּפר ֵשׁנִ י‬ ַ , Num 8:8); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §3, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §3. 6:25

‫וְ ָה ַר ְס ָתּ‬

Unique 6:25

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫ת־ה ֲא ֵשׁ ָרה‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a cj.

JUDGES 6:26 ‫ית‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ָפּ֣ר ַה ֵשּׁ ֔ ִני וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִ ֣ל‬ ַ ‫�הי� ַﬠ֣ל ֧ר ֹאשׁ ַה ָמּ ֛ﬠוֹז ַה ֶזּ֖ה ַבּ ַ ֽמּ ֲﬠ ָר ָ ֑כה וְ ָ ֽל ַק ְח ָ֙תּ ֶא‬ ֶ֗ ‫יהו֣ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ית ִמזְ ֵ֜בּ ַ� ַל‬ ָ ‫וּב ִ֨נ‬ ָ ‫עוֹלה ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥צי ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֖רה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִתּ ְכ ֽר ֹת׃‬ ָ֔ 6:26

‫ַה ָמּעוֹז‬

‫ ַה ָמּעוֹז‬twice

Dan 11:31

‫̇ב‬

Mm ‫וזרעים )ממנה( ממנו יעמדו‬

JUDGES

113

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without a def. article.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65. 6:26

‫ית‬ ָ ‫וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִ ֣ל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 27:6; Judg 6:26; Jer 38:10 —————————— ‫ית‬ ָ ‫ וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִל‬three times

Deut 27:6 Judg 6:26 Jer 38:10

‫והעלית ̇ג‬

Mm

[‫והעלית עליו )עלות( ]עולת‬ ‫והעלית עולה בעצי‬ ‫והעלית את ירמיהו הנביא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ḥîreq under the ‫ל‬, and accented milʿêl, to distinguish them from the sole occurrence of its parallel form pointed with a ṣerê under the ‫ל‬, and accented milraʿ (‫ית‬ ֖ ָ ‫ )וְ ַה ֲﬠ ֵל‬at Exod 40:4; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §8H.

At Exod 40:4 the Mp heading reads unique, and adds ‫ וטעם בתיו‬and accented on the ‫ת‬, e.g., accented milraʿ. 6:26

‫עוֹלה‬ ָ

Unique plene in the book

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the book written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (4x) in the book written defective ‫)ע ָֹלה( ו‬.

114

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 6:27 ‫ת־בּית ָא ִ֜ביו‬ ֵ֨ ‫שׁר יָ ֵר ֩א ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הו֑ה וַ יְ ִ֡הי ַכּ ֲא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֨קּח גִּ ְד ֜עוֹן ֲﬠ ָשׂ ָ ֤רה ֲאנָ ִשׁ ֙ים ֵ ֽמ ֲﬠ ָב ָ ֔דיו וַ ַ֕יּ ַﬠשׂ ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֛שׁר ִדּ ֶ ֥בּר ֵא ָל֖יו י‬ ‫יוֹמם וַ יַּ ַ֥ﬠשׂ ָ ֽליְ ָלה׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־אנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ָה ִ ֛ﬠיר ֵמ ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 6:27

‫וְ ֶאת־אַנְ ֵשׁי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without a cj.

JUDGES 6:28 ‫ר־ﬠ ָל֖יו כּ ָ ֹ֑ר ָתה וְ ֵא ֙ת ַה ָפּ֣ר ַה ֵשּׁ ִ֔ני‬ ָ ‫יר ַבּ ֔בֹּ ֶקר וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה נֻ ַתּ ֙ץ ִמזְ ַבּ֣ח ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל וְ ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֥רה ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ֜כּימוּ ַאנְ ֵ ֤שׁי ָה ִﬠ‬ ‫ל־ה ִמּזְ ֵ ֖בּ ַ� ַה ָבּנֽ וּי׃‬ ַ ‫ֽהֹ ֲﬠ ֔ ָלה ַﬠ‬ 6:28

‫נֻ ַתּץ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with different hierarchial vowels, in a list termed milʿêl and milraʿ; see Yeivin, Introduction, §132, p. 103. In this connection, the higher vowel, the milʿêl, is the vowel qibbûṣ, and the lower vowel, the milraʿ, is the vowel ḥîreq. Thus ‫( נֻ ַתּץ‬here) with qibbûṣ is milʿêl, but ‫( נִ ַתּץ‬2 Chr 33:3) with ḥîreq is milraʿ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §5, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §5. 6:28

‫כּ ָֹר ָתה‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. 6:28

‫וְ ֵאת ַה ָפּר‬

‫ וְ ֵאת ַה ָפּר‬three times Exod 29:3 Lev 8:17 Judg 6:28

‫ואת הפר ̇ג‬

Mm

[‫ואת הפר ואת שני )האילים( ]האילם‬ ‫ואת ערו ואת בשרו‬ ‫העלה על המזבח‬

JUDGES

115

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the cstr. without the def. article (‫)וְ ֶאת ַפּר‬ at Lev. 8:2 and 16:27. 6:28

‫ה ֲֹﬠ ָלה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 6:28; Hab 1:15 (‫;)ה ֲﬠ ָלה‬ ֵ 2 Chr 20:34 ——————————

‫ ה ֲֹﬠ ָלה‬twice and defective Judg 6:28 2 Chr 20:34

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫העלה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ואת הפר השני‬ ‫העלה על ספר מלכי ישראל‬

And once (‫) ֵה ֲﬠ ָלה‬: Hab 1:15

‫וחד )כלו( ]כלה[ בחכה העלה‬

Com.: The Mp notes the three occurrences of this lemma, two of them are hophals pointed as ‫ה ֲֹﬠ ָלה‬, and one of them is a hiphil pointed as ‫ה ֲﬠ ָלה‬.ֵ

The Mp heading at Hab 1:15 (‫ ) ֵה ֲﬠ ָלה‬reads unique noting the singularity of its particular form.

The heading of the Mm notes that the two hophal forms are written defective (‫)ו‬, and the Mm additionally notes the occurrence of the hiphil form (‫)ה ֲﬠ ָלה‬ ֵ at Hab 1:15. The Mp and Mm headings at 2 Chr 20:34 read twice, and the Mm lists the two hophal forms. 6:28

Unique

‫ַה ָבּנוּי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a def. article, to distinguish it from its occurrence without a def. article (‫)בּנוּי‬ ָ at Cant 4:4.

116

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 6:30 ‫ת־מזְ ַבּ֣ח ַה ַ֔בּ ַﬠל וְ ִ ֥כי ָכ ַ ֖רת ָה ֲא ֵשׁ ָ ֥רה‬ ִ ‫מת ִ ֤כּי נָ ַת ֙ץ ֶא‬ ֹ ֑ ָ‫ת־בּנְ �֖ וְ י‬ ִ ‫הוֹצא ֶא‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ל־יוֹאשׁ‬ ָ֔ ‫יר ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֜רוּ ַאנְ ֵ ֤שׁי ָה ִﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ר־ﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ָ ‫ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 6:30

‫הוֹצא‬ ֵ

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

1–5

Gen 19:12; Lev 24:14; Judg 6:30; 19:22; 2 Kgs 10:22

6:30

‫וְ יָ מֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, a hiphil imper., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence of the alternate hiphil imper. form ‫( ַהיְ ֵצא‬qərê) at Gen 8:17. Mp

Judg 6:30; 1 Kgs 21:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Deut 33:6.

The Mp heading at 1 Kgs 21:10 reads twice and defective ‫ ו‬implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring three times, twice with a ‫ו‬ cj., and once without it (Deut 33:6); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §14, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §15.

JUDGES 6:31 ‫אוֹתוֹ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יָ ִ ֥ריב‬ ֔ ‫יﬠוּן‬ ֣ ‫תּוֹשׁ‬ ִ ‫ם־א ֶתּ ֙ם‬ ַ ‫ר־ﬠ ְמ ֨דוּ ָﬠ ֜ ָליו ַה ַא ֶ ֣תּם ׀ ְתּ ִר ֣יבוּן ַל ַ֗בּ ַﬠל ִא‬ ָ ‫יוֹאשׁ ְלכֹ ֩ל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ֡ ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ת־מזְ ְבּ ֽחוֹ׃‬ ִ ‫הוּא ָי֣ ֶ רב ֔לוֹ ִ ֥כּי נָ ַ ֖תץ ֶ ֽא‬ ֙ ‫�הים‬ ֥ ִ ‫ם־א‬ ֱ ‫ד־ה ֑בֹּ ֶקר ִא‬ ַ ‫יוּמת ַﬠ‬ ֖ ַ ‫ל֛ וֹ‬ 6:31 Unique

‫אַתּם‬ ֶ ‫ַה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (200+) without this interrogative one of which is in this verse and another is in v. 10. (‫)אַתּם‬, ֶ

JUDGES 6:31

‫ְתּ ִריבוּן‬

Three times

117

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Exod 17:2; Judg 6:31; Job 13:8 ——————————

‫ ְתּ ִריבוּן‬three times and plene Exod 17:2 Judg 6:31 Job 13:8

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫תריבון ̇ג‬

Mm

‫עמדו מה‬ ‫האתם‬ ‫הפניו תשאון‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs three times and written plene ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫י‬. 6:31

‫תּוֹשׁיעוּן‬ ִ

Unique 6:31

‫̇ל‬ ‫ִמזְ ְבּחוֹ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp Mp

Judg 6:31; 6:32; Lam 2:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence pointed differently (‫) ִמזִּ ְבחוֹ‬, and with a different meaning (from its [= their] sacrifice) at Exod 34:15.

JUDGES 6:34 ‫יﬠזֶ ר ַא ֲח ָ ֽריו׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫שּׁוֹפר וַ יִּ זָּ ֵ ֥ﬠק ֲא ִב‬ ָ ֔ ‫הוה ָל ְב ָ ֖שׁה ֶאת־גִּ ְד ֑ﬠוֹן וַ יִּ ְת ַק ֙ע ַבּ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וְ ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ 6:34

‫רוּ� יְ הוָ ה‬ ַ ְ‫ו‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 6:34; 1 Sam 16:14; 1 Kgs 18:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (23x) without a cj.

118

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 6:35 ‫וּבנַ ְפ ָתּ ֔ ִלי‬ ְ ‫לוּן‬ ֙ ‫וּבזְ ֻב‬ ִ ‫וּמ ְל ָא ִ ֣כים ָשׁ ֗ ַלח ְבּ ָא ֵ ֤שׁר‬ ַ ‫ם־הוּא ַא ֲח ָ ֑ריו‬ ֖ ַ‫ל־מנַ ֶ֔שּׁה וַ יִּ זָּ ֵ ֥ﬠק גּ‬ ְ ‫וּמ ְל ָא ִכ ֙ים ָשׁ ַל֣ח ְבּ ָכ‬ ַ ‫אתם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠל֖ וּ ִל ְק ָר‬ 6:35

‫וּבזְ ֻבלוּן‬ ִ

Nine times written this way Com.: See Josh 19:27.

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

JUDGES 6:36 ‫מוֹשׁ ַי� ְבּיָ ִ ֛די ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִדּ ַ ֽבּ ְר ָתּ׃‬ ֧ ִ �֞ ‫�הים ִאם־יֶ ְשׁ‬ ֑ ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר גִּ ְד ֖ﬠוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 6:36

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר גִּ ְדעוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 6:36; 6:39

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of the phrase ‫אמר גִּ ְדעוֹן‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ וַ יּ‬with ‫ֶאל־‬ ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ָה ֱא‬to distinguish them from its two occurrences without ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר( ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ )גִּ ְדעוֹן‬in v. 22 and Judg 8:7.

ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ In ML only one circellus has been placed here and in v. 39 on the words ‫�הים‬ but, since this phrase occurs more than twice, it is most likely that the note refers to the entire phrase ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר גִּ ְדעוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬, that only occurs twice.

JUDGES 6:37 ‫ל־ה ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ ֔חֹ ֶרב וְ יָ ַד ְﬠ ִ֗תּי‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ל־הגִּ ָ֜זּה ְל ַב ָ ֗דּהּ וְ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ִה ֵנּ֣ה ָאנ ִֹ֗כי ַמ ִ ֛צּיג ֶאת־גִּ ַזּ֥ת ַה ֶצּ ֶ֖מר ַבּ ֹ֑גּ ֶרן ִ֡אם ַט ֩ל יִ ְה ֶ֨יה ַ ֽﬠ‬ ‫י־תוֹשׁ ַי� ְבּיָ ִ ֛די ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִדּ ַ ֽבּ ְר ָתּ׃‬ ִ֧ ‫ִ ֽכּ‬ 6:37 Unique

‫ל־הגִּ זָּ ה‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This form is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once preceded by the prep. ‫ ַ;ﬠל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §76, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §155.

JUDGES 6:37

‫ל־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Three times 1–4

119

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 6:37; 6:39; 6:40; Ps 108:6

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MC, of three times is inexact since there are four occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read three times in this section or three times in the book. The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without ‫)וְ ַﬠל ָה ָא ֶרץ( ָכּל‬.

MA reads here seven times and similarly all Psalms apart from two to include the four occurrences of this lemma without an initial ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ל־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫)ﬠ‬. ַ 6:37

‫ח ֶֹרב‬

Sixteen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16

Mp

̇‫י̇ ו‬

Gen 31:40; Judg 6:37; 6:39; 6:40; Isa 4:6 (‫)מח ֶֹרב‬ ֵ Isa 25:4 (‫;)מח ֶֹרב‬ ֵ 25:5a (‫;)כּח ֶֹרב‬ ְ 25:5b; 61:4; Jer 36:30 (‫)לח ֶֹרב‬ ַ Jer 49:13 (‫;)לח ֶֹרב‬ ְ 50:38; Ezek 29:10; Zeph 2:14; Hag 1:11 Job 30:30

Com.: The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of this lemma in various forms with a səḡôl under the ‫ר‬, to distinguish them from its fifteen occurrences in various forms with a ṣerê under the ‫ ֵמח ֵֹרב( ר‬/‫ ְבּח ֵֹרב‬/‫)ח ֵֹרב‬. The Mp heading at Job 30:30 reads more expansively sixteen times in various forms.

JUDGES 6:38 ‫ן־הגִּ ָ֔זּה ְמל֥ וֹא ַה ֵ ֖סּ ֶפל ָ ֽמיִ ם׃‬ ַ ‫ת־הגִּ ָזּ֑ה וַ ִיּ ֶ֤מץ ַטל֙ ִמ‬ ַ ‫י־כן וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵכּ ֙ם ִ ֽמ ָמּ ֳח ָ ֔רת וַ ָיּ֖ זַ ר ֶא‬ ֵ֕ ‫וַ יְ ִה‬ 6:38 Unique 6:38

Unique

‫וַ יָּ זַ ר‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יִּ ֶמץ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

120 6:38

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְמלוֹא‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Lev 5:12; Judg 6:38

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written defective ‫)מלֹא( ו‬. ְ

JUDGES 6:39 ‫ק־ה ַ֨פּ ַﬠ ֙ם ַבּגִּ ָ֔זּה יְ ִהי־‬ ַ ‫א־ר‬ ַ ָ‫�הים ַאל־יִ ַ֤חר ַא ְפּ ֙� ִ֔בּי וַ ֲא ַד ְבּ ָ ֖רה ַ ֣א� ַה ָ ֑פּ ַﬠם ֲאנַ ֶ ֤סּה נּ‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ֣ ָ ‫עוֹן ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמר גִּ ְד‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫ה־טּל׃‬ ֽ ָ ֶ‫ל־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ יִ ְֽהי‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ָ֨נא ֤חֹ ֶרב ֶאל־ ַהגִּ זָּ ֙ה ְל ַב ָ ֔דּהּ וְ ַﬠ‬ 6:39

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫אמר גִּ ְדעוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

6:39

‫ל־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 6:36.

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 6:37.

JUDGES 6:40 ‫ל־ה ָ ֖א ֶרץ ָ ֥היָ ה ָ ֽטל׃ פ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ל־הגִּ זָּ ֙ה ְל ַב ָ ֔דּהּ וְ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫�הים ֵ ֖כּן ַבּ ַלּ֣יְ ָלה ַה ֑הוּא וַ יְ ִהי־ ֤חֹ ֶרב ֶא‬ ֛ ִ ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֧ﬠשׂ ֱא‬ 6:40

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ ֱא‬

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ ֱא‬four times

Gen 1:7 Gen 1:16 Gen 1:25 Judg 6:40

‫ויעש אלהים ̇ד‬

‫את הרקיע ויבדל‬ ‫את שני המארת‬ [‫את חית )הא( ]הארץ‬ ‫בלילה ההוא‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬,ֱ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) with the Tetragrammaton (‫)וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ יְ הוָ ה‬.

JUDGES 6:40

121

‫ל־ה ָא ֶרץ‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 6:37.

JUDGES 7:1 ‫וּמ ֲח ֵנ֤ה ִמ ְדיָ ֙ן ָהיָ ה־ל֣ וֹ ִמ ָצּ ֔פוֹן‬ ַ ‫ל־ﬠ֣ין ֲח ֑ר ֹד‬ ֵ ‫שׁר ִא ֔תּוֹ ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּ ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ה ָﬠ ֙ם ֲא‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵ֨כּם יְ ֻר ַ֜בּ ַﬠל ֣הוּא גִ ְד ֗עוֹן וְ ָכ‬ ‫מּוֹרה ָבּ ֵ ֽﬠ ֶמק׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ִמגִּ ְב ַ ֥ﬠת ַה‬ 7:1

‫ֲחר ֹד‬

Unique 7:1

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫מּוֹרה‬ ֶ ‫ִמגִּ ְב ַﬠת ַה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 7:2 ‫מר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ן־יִת ָפּ ֵ֨אר ָﬠ ַל֤י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵלא‬ ְ ‫ת־מ ְד ָי֖ ן ְבּיָ ָ ֑דם ֶפּ‬ ִ ‫שׁר ִא ָ֔תּ� ִמ ִתּ ִ ֥תּי ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אמר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ַ ֗רב ָה ָﬠ ֙ם ֲא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫יﬠה ִ ֽלּי׃‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ‬ ֥ ִ ‫יָ ִ ֖די‬ 7:2

‫ִמ ִתּ ִתּי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 29:19; Judg 7:2; 1 Kgs 21:3 ——————————

‫ ִמ ִתּ ִתּי‬three times, and their references Gen 29:19 Judg 7:2 1 Kgs 21:3

‫אתה לאיש אחר‬ ‫מדין בידם פן יתפאר‬ [‫נחלת )אבותי( ]אבתי‬

‫מתתי ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this prep. (‫)תּ ִתּי‬. ִ

122 7:2

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫יִ ְת ָפּ ֵאר‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫א‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with a qameṣ under the ‫יִת ָפּ ָאר( א‬, ְ pausal form) at Isa 44:23.

JUDGES 7:3 ‫ן־ה ֗ ָﬠם ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֤רים‬ ָ ‫מר ִ ֽמי־יָ ֵ ֣רא וְ ָח ֵ ֔רד יָ ֥שׁ ֹב וְ יִ ְצ ֹ֖פּר ֵמ ַ ֣הר ַהגִּ ְל ָ ֑ﬠד וַ ָיּ ָ֣שׁב ִמ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ְק ָ ֨רא ָ֜נא ְבּ ָאזְ ֵנ֤י ָה ָﬠ ֙ם ֵלא‬ ‫וּשׁ ַ֨ניִ ֙ם ֶ֔א ֶלף וַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂ ֶרת ֲא ָל ִ ֖פים נִ ְשׁ ָ ֽארוּ׃ ס‬ ְ 7:3

‫יָ שׁ ֹב‬

Five times 1–5

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 7:3; 1 Sam 20:5; 2 Sam 15:8 (‫יָ שׁוֹב‬, qərê); Isa 12:1; Ps 74:21

——————————

‫ יָ שׁ ֹב‬five times and defective, and their references 1 Sam 20:5 Judg 7:3 2 Sam 15:8 Isa 12:1 Ps 74:21

‫וחס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ישב ̇ה‬

Mm

[‫ישב אשב עם )המצפה( ]המלך‬ ‫ויצפר מהר‬ ‫אם )ישב( ]ישוב[ ישיבני יהוה‬ ‫ישב אפך ותנחמני‬ ‫אל ישב דך נכלם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, written both plene and defective ‫ו‬, pointed with a ḥolem, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (56x) pointed with a šûreq or qibbûṣ (‫יָ ֻשׁב‬/‫)יָ שׁוּב‬.

Three of the above forms (Judg 7:3, Isa 12:1, and Ps 74:21) are jussives from ‫שׁוּב‬, but the form in 1 Sam 20:5 is an infin. absol. from ‫יָ ַשׁב‬. The qərê form ‫( יָ שׁוֹב‬from ‫ )שׁוּב‬in 2 Sam 15:8 does not fit the context, as one would expect before ‫ יְ ִשׁ ֵיבנִ י‬a hiphil infin. absol. (‫)ה ֵשׁב‬. ָ

The heading of the Mm here (and in MC) of five times and defective (‫ )ו‬is incorrect as there are only four such forms. All of the Mp headings highlighted above and the heading to the Mm at Isa 12:1 correctly just read five times (not five times defective). Similarly, the Mm of MA here just reads five times.

JUDGES 7:3

‫וְ יִ ְצפֹּר‬

Unique 7:3

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ֵמ ַהר ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬

Unique

123

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that occur once with the def. article within the phrase (here) and once without this def. article (Cant 4:1); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §3, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §3.

JUDGES 7:4 ‫ל־ה ַ֔מּיִ ם וְ ֶא ְצ ְר ֶ ֥פנּוּ ְל�֖ ָ ֑שׁם וְ ָה ָ֡יה ֲא ֶשׁר֩ א ַֹ֨מר‬ ַ ‫אוֹת ֙ם ֶא‬ ָ ‫הוֹרד‬ ֤ ֵ ‫עוֹד ָה ָﬠ֣ם ָר ֒ב‬ ֮ ‫הוה ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ֵא ֜ ֶלי� ֶז֣ה ׀ יֵ ֵל֣� ִא ָ֗תּ� ֚הוּא יֵ ֵל֣� ִא ָ֔תּ� וְ ֨כֹל ֲא ֶשׁר־א ַֹ֜מר ֵא ֗ ֶלי� ֶז֚ה לֹא־יֵ ֵל֣� ִﬠ ָ֔מּ� ֖הוּא ֥ל ֹא יֵ ֵ ֽל�׃‬ 7:4

‫הוֹרד‬ ֵ

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Exod 33:5; Judg 7:4; Ps 56:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ḥolem and a ṣerê, possibly to distinguish them from its two occurrences pointed with a šûreq and a paṯaḥ (‫)הוּרד‬ ַ at Gen 39:1 and Isa 14:11. 7:4

‫וְ ֶא ְצ ְר ֶפנּוּ‬

Unique 7:4

Twice

‫̇ל‬ �‫יֵ ֵל� ִﬠ ָמּ‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp Mp

Judg 7:4; 2 Sam 13:26

——————————

124

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

�‫ יֵ ֵל� ִﬠ ָמּ‬twice

‫ילך עמך ̇ב‬

Judg 7:4 2 Sam 13:26

Mm

‫הורד אותם אל המים‬ ‫למה ילך עמך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of �‫ יֵ ֵל‬with �‫ﬠ ָמּ‬,ִ to distinguish them from its two occurrences written with �‫)יֵ ֵל� ִא ָתּ�( ִא ָתּ‬, which occur in this same verse.

JUDGES 7:5 ‫ן־ה ַ֜מּיִ ם ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר יָ �֣ ק‬ ַ ‫�ק ִבּ ְלשׁוֹנ֨ וֹ ִמ‬ ֩ ָ‫הוה ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ֣כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁר־י‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ָ ֑מּיִ ם ס וַ ֨יּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָ ֖ﬠם ֶא‬ ָ ‫וַ יּ֥ ֶוֹרד ֶא‬ ‫ל־בּ ְר ָכּ֖יו ִל ְשׁ ֽתּוֹת׃‬ ִ ‫ר־יִכ ַ ֥רע ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫אוֹתוֹ ְל ָ֔בד וְ ֛כֹל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫ַה ֶ֗כּ ֶלב ַתּ ִ ֤צּיג‬ 7:5

‫יּוֹרד‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Six times 1–5 6

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Judg 7:5; 1 Sam 21:14; Joel 2:23; Ps 78:16; Prov 21:22 (‫)וַ יּ ֶֹרד‬ 2 Chr 23:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective ‫ו‬, in the sg., to distinguish them from its five occurrences, written plene and defective ‫ו‬, in the pl. (‫יּוֹרדוּ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬/‫וַ יּ ִֹרדוּ‬/‫יּוֹרידוּ‬ ִ ַ‫)ו‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm note at Joel 2:23 in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 23:20 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Kgs 11:19, where the lemma occurs as ‫וַ יּ ִֹרידוּ‬. 7:5

‫ִבּ ְלשׁוֹנוֹ‬

Seven times plene 1–5 6–7

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 7:5; Isa 30:27 (‫;)וּלשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ Zech 14:12 (‫;)וּלשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ Ps 10:7 (‫;)לשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ 37:30 (‫)וּלשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ Prov 17:20; 21:23 (‫)וּלשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma in various forms, written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) in various forms, written defective ‫( ו‬e.g. ‫)לשׁ ֹנוֹ‬. ְ

JUDGES

125

This enumeration does not include the two occurrences of this lemma in Esther (at 1:22 and 3:12).

The Mp heading at Prov 21:23 reads four times enumerating the four occurrences of the form with ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּלשׁוֹנוֹ‬ ְ there, and at Isa 30:27, Zech 14:12, and Ps 37:30.

7:5

‫ְל ָבד‬

Unique and similarly all the Tabernacle and The Twelve

̇‫עש דכו‬ ̇ ‫ותר‬ ̇ ‫משכ‬ ̇ ‫̇ל וכל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the single occurrence of this lemma, outside of the Tabernacle sections (Exod 25–31, 36–40) and The Twelve, written with a qameṣ, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) written with a paṯaḥ (‫)ל ַבד‬. ְ

JUDGES 7:6 ‫יהם‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ל־בּ ְר ֵכ‬ ִ ‫יהם ְשׁ�֥ שׁ ֵמ ֖אוֹת ִ ֑אישׁ וְ כֹל֙ ֶי ֶ֣תר ָה ֔ ָﬠם ָכּ ְר ֥ﬠוּ ַﬠ‬ ֶ֔ ‫ל־פּ‬ ִ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִמ ְס ַ֞פּר ַ ֽה ֲמ ַל ְק ִ ֤ קים ְבּיָ ָד ֙ם ֶא‬ ‫ִל ְשׁ ֥תּוֹת ָ ֽמיִם׃ ס‬ 7:6 Twice

‫ַה ֲמ ַל ְק ִקים‬

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:6; 7:7 7:6

Unique

‫יֶתר‬ ֶ ‫וְ כֹל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Hab 2:8. 7:6

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ִבּ ְר ֵכ‬

All forms of ‫בּ ְר ֵכּי‬,ִ ‫בּ ְר ַכּי‬,ִ ‫ ַה ִבּ ְר ַכּיִם‬have a daḡeš apart from two raṕê

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫( ִבּ ְר ֵכ‬Judg 7:6) ‫כוֹהי‬ ִ ‫( ִבּ ְר‬Dan 6:11)

‫ברכיהם‬ ‫ברכוהי‬

‫כל לשון ברכי ברכי הברכים‬ ‫דגש ̇ב ̇מ ̇ב רפי‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes that all forms of ‫( ִבּ ְר ֵכּי‬Gen 50:23), ‫( ִבּ ְר ַכּי‬Gen 30:3, etc.) and ‫( ַה ִבּ ְר ַכּיִם‬Deut 28:35 and 1 Kgs 19:18) have a daḡeš in the letter ‫כ‬, apart from two that are raṕê, that is, without a daḡeš. These two forms are ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫( ִבּ ְר ֵכ‬Judg 7:6) and ‫כוֹהי‬ ִ ‫ִבּ ְר‬ (Dan 6:11).

126

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 7:7 �‫ת־מ ְד ָי֖ ן ְבּיָ ֶ ֑ד‬ ִ ‫אוֹשׁ ַי� ֶא ְת ֶ֔כם וְ נָ ַת ִ ֥תּי ֶא‬ ֣ ִ ‫הוה ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ִבּ ְשׁ�שׁ֩ ֵמ ֨אוֹת ָה ִ ֤אישׁ ַ ֽה ֲמ ַל ְק ִק ֙ים‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ל־ה ֔ ָﬠם יֵ ְל ֖כוּ ִ ֥אישׁ ִל ְמק ֹֽמוֹ׃‬ ָ ‫וְ ָכ‬ 7:7 Twice

‫ַה ֲמ ַל ְק ִקים‬ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 7:6; 7:7 7:7

‫ִל ְמקֹמוֹ‬

Three times defective 1 2 3

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

All the Torah (Gen 18:33; 32:1; Num 24:25) All Judges (Judg 7:7; 9:55; 19:28) 2 Sam 19:40

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences written plene first ‫)ל ְמקוֹמוֹ( ו‬. ִ

This allocation of the references is according to Breuer, The Biblical Text, 68.

ִ has two more occurrences of this lemma since it writes ML, contrary to M (‫)ל ְמקוֹמוֹ‬, the forms at 1 Sam 2:20 and 1 Sam 5:11 defective first ‫;)ל ְמקֹמוֹ( ו‬ ִ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 68 and 70.

JUDGES 7:8 ‫וּב ְשׁ�שׁ־‬ ִ ‫א ָה ֔ ָליו‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ל־אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ִשׁ ַלּ ֙ח ִ ֣אישׁ ְל‬ ֤ ִ ‫יהם וְ ֵ֨את ָכּ‬ ֶ֗ ‫שׁוֹפ ֽר ֹ ֵת‬ ְ ‫ת־צ ָד ֩ה ָה ֨ ָﬠם ְבּיָ ָ ֜דם וְ ֵ ֣את‬ ֵ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֣חוּ ֶא‬ ‫וּמ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ִמ ְד ָ֔ין ָ ֥היָ ה ל֖ וֹ ִמ ַ ֥תּ ַחת ָבּ ֵ ֽﬠ ֶמק׃ פ‬ ַ ‫ֵמ ֥אוֹת ָה ִ ֖אישׁ ֶ ֽה ֱח ִז֑יק‬ 7:8

‫ֵצ ָדה‬

Three times defective 1 2–3

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

All the Torah (Gen 42:25; 45:21; Exod 12:39) Judg 7:8; 20:10

JUDGES

127

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written plene ‫)צ ָידה( י‬. ֵ The Masorah takes the three Torah occurrences as one unit; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 43. 7:8

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫שׁוֹפר ֵֹת‬ ְ

Unique 7:8

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וּב ְשׁ�שׁ‬ ִ

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times is incorrect since this is the lemma’s only occurrence.

The Masorah notes the occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without a cj., one of which is in the preceding verse, and the other is at Jer 1:2.

MC correctly reads here unique, but MA has no note here. 7:8

Unique

‫�שׁ־מאוֹת‬ ֵ ‫וּב ְשׁ‬ ִ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj, to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. (‫�שׁ־מאוֹת‬ ֵ ‫)בּ ְשׁ‬ ִ in the preceding verse.

JUDGES 7:10 ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶנֽה׃‬ ֽ ַ ‫וּפ ָ ֥רה נַ ַﬠ ְר�֖ ֶא‬ ֻ ‫וְ ִאם־יָ ֵ ֥רא ַא ָ ֖תּה ָל ֶ ֑ר ֶדת ֵ ֥רד ַא ָ ֛תּה‬ 7:10

‫וְ ִאם‬

Four times at the beginning of a verse in the book Judg 7:10; 9:19; 9:20; 14:13

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫פס‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse in the book, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in the middle of a verse in the book.

128

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Usually such a note of a form with a ‫ ו‬cj. at the beginning of a verse in the book is contrasted with forms that do not have a ‫ ו‬cj.; see 1 Kgs 3:14. But there are no occurrences of ‫ ִאם‬at the beginning of a verse in the book.

JUDGES 7:11 ‫ל־ק ֵ ֥צה‬ ְ ‫וּפ ָ ֣רה נַ ֲﬠ ֔רוֹ ֶא‬ ֻ ‫הוּא‬ ֙ ‫וְ ָ ֽשׁ ַמ ְﬠ ָ֙תּ ַמה־יְ ַד ֵ֔בּרוּ וְ ַא ַח ֙ר ֶתּ ֱח ַז֣ ְ קנָ ה יָ ֶ ֔די� וְ יָ ַר ְד ָ ֖תּ ַ ֽבּ ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֑ה וַ ֵיּ֤ ֶ רד‬ ‫ַה ֲח ֻמ ִ ֖שׁים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַ ֽבּ ַמּ ֲח ֶנֽה׃‬ 7:11

�‫יָ ֶדי‬

Eleven times plene

Com.: See Josh 10:6. 7:11

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇א‬

‫וּפ ָרה‬ ֻ

Twice and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:10; 7:11

Mp

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs twice and is written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 7:12 ‫ל־שׂ ַ ֥פת‬ ְ ‫יה ֙ם ֵ ֣אין ִמ ְס ֔ ָפּר ַכּ ֛חוֹל ֶשׁ ַﬠ‬ ֶ ‫י־ק ֶד ֙ם נ ְֹפ ִ ֣לים ָבּ ֔ ֵﬠ ֶמק ָכּ ַא ְר ֶ ֖בּה ָל ֑ר ֹב וְ ִלגְ ַמ ֵלּ‬ ֨ ֶ ֵ‫ל־בּנ‬ ְ ‫וּמ ְד ָ֨ין וַ ֲﬠ ָמ ֵל֤ק וְ ָכ‬ ִ ‫ַה ָיּ֖ם ָל ֽר ֹב׃‬ 7:12 Unique

‫וּמ ְדיָ ן וַ ֲﬠ ָמ ֵלק‬ ִ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of word pairs occurring only once where both parts of the pair have a ‫ ו‬cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §253. 7:12

Six times 1–5 6

‫ל־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫וְ ָכ‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Exod 34:30; Num 27:21; Josh 3:1; Judg 7:12; 1 Kgs 8:63 2 Chr 7:3

——————————

JUDGES ‫ל־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫ וְ ָכ‬six times 1–5

6

̇‫וכל בני ו‬

129

Mm

Exod 34:30 Num 27:21 Josh 3:1 Judg 7:12 ‫ת־בּית‬ ֵ ‫ וַ יַּ ְחנְ כוּ ֶא‬of Kings (1 Kgs 8:63) 2 Chr 7:3

‫וירא אהרן וכל‬ ‫ולפני אלעזר הכהן‬ ‫יהושע בבקר‬ ‫ומדין ועמלק‬ ‫ויחנכו את בית דמלכים‬ ‫ראים ברדת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (41x) without a cj. The additional notation of Kings to the 1 Kgs 8:63 reference distinguishes the wider lemma there (‫ל־בּנֵ י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ְ ‫ )וְ ָכ‬from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 7:5, where the lemma occurs as ‫וְ ָכל ָה ָﬠם‬. 7:12

‫ֶשׁ ַﬠל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:12; 8:26

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ַﬠל‬with the rel. pron. ‫שׁ‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with the rel. pron. ‫ֲא ֶשׁר‬ (‫) ֲא ֶשׁר ַﬠל‬.

JUDGES 7:13 ‫אמר ִה ֵנּ֧ה ֲחל֣ וֹם ָח ֗ ַל ְמ ִתּי וְ ִה ֵ֨נּה ְצ ֜ ִלול ֶל ֶ֤חם ְשׂע ִֹר ֙ים‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ה־אישׁ ְמ ַס ֵ ֥פּר ְל ֵר ֵ ֖ﬠהוּ ֲחל֑ וֹם וַ ֜יּ‬ ִ֔ ֵ‫יָּב ֹא גִ ְד ֔עוֹן וְ ִ֨הנּ‬ ֣ ַ‫ו‬ ‫א ֶהל׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ד־הא ֶֹהל וַ יַּ ֵכּ֧הוּ וַ יִּ ֹ֛פּל וַ יַּ ַה ְפ ֵ ֥כהוּ ְל ַ ֖מ ְﬠ ָלה וְ נָ ַ ֥פל ָה‬ ָ ֠ ‫יָּב ֹא ַﬠ‬ ֣ ַ‫ִמ ְת ַה ֵפּ ֙� ְבּ ַמ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ִמ ְד ָ֔ין ו‬ 7:13

‫ִהנֵּ ה ֲחלוֹם‬

Unique 7:13

‫̇ל‬ ‫ְצ ִלול‬

Read ‫ְצ ִליל‬ Unique

Mp

‫צליל ̇ק‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp2

Mp1

Com.: The forms of the kəṯîḇ (‫)צלול‬, and qərê (‫)צ ִליל‬ ְ represent variants of the qātîl/qātûl type; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 117

130

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬in the middle of a word is read as a ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §81.

In MC and MA this form is written ‫ ְצ ִליל‬with no kəṯîḇ/qərê; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 59. In ML there is only one circellus on this lemma but there are two Mp notes. 7:13

�‫ִמ ְת ַה ֵפּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 7:13; Job 37:12

—————————— �‫ ִמ ְת ַה ֵפּ‬twice

‫מתהפך ̇ב‬

Judg 7:13 Job 37:12 7:13

Mm

‫במחנה מדין ויבא‬ [‫)בתחבלתיו( ]בתחבולתיו‬

‫וַ יַּ ַה ְפ ֵכהוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 7:14 ‫�ה ֙ים ְבּיָ ֔דוֹ ֶאת־‬ ִ ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ִ ֣אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל נָ ַ ֤תן ָ ֽה ֱא‬ ֖ ָ ‫ם־ח ֶרב גִּ ְד ֥ﬠוֹן ֶבּ‬ ֛ ֶ ‫אמ ֙ר ֵ ֣אין ֔ז ֹאת ִבּ ְל ִ֗תּי ִא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠן ֵר ֵﬠ֤הוּ וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶנֽה׃ פ‬ ֽ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ִמ ְד ָי֖ ן וְ ֶא‬ 7:14

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫נָ ַתן ָה ֱא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 7:14; 2 Chr 9:23

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ נָ ַתן‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ה ֱא‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫�הים( ֱא‬ ִ ‫)נָ ַתן ֱא‬.

JUDGES

131

JUDGES 7:15 ‫אמר ֔קוּמוּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־מ ֲח ֵנ֣ה יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ ֣יּ‬ ַ ‫ת־שׁ ְב ֖רוֹ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָ ֑תּחוּ וַ ָ֨יּ ָשׁ ֙ב ֶא‬ ִ ‫ת־מ ְס ַ ֧פּר ַה ֲחל֛ וֹם וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫מ ַ� גִּ ְד ֜עוֹן ֶא‬ ֹ ֨ ‫וַ יְ ִהי֩ ִכ ְשׁ‬ ‫ת־מ ֲח ֵנ֥ה ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ַ ‫הו֛ה ְבּיֶ ְד ֶכ֖ם ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ִ ֽכּי־נָ ַ ֧תן י‬ 7:15

‫ִשׁ ְברוֹ‬

Twice: ‫ֶכּ ֶסף ִשׁ ְברוֹ‬

Mp

‫̇ב כסף שברו‬

Gen 44:2; Judg 7:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written with a ḥolem, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (4x) written with a šûreq (‫)שׁ ְברוּ‬. ִ The catchwords ‫) ֶכּ ֶסף ִשׁ ְברוֹ( כסף שברו‬, written in the Mp note, refer the reader to Gen 44:2, which has it own Mp note, and catchwords ‫ֶאת ִמ ְס ַפּר( את מספר החלום‬ ‫)ה ֲחלוֹם‬, ַ that refer the reader back to this verse.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of homonyms; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. In Gen 44:2 the meaning is his grain, whereas here it means its interpretation.

JUDGES 7:16 �‫ד־כּ ָלּ ֙ם וְ ַכ ִ ֣דּים ֵר ִ֔קים וְ ַל ִפּ ִ ֖דים ְבּ ֥תוֹ‬ ֻ ַ‫שׁוֹפ ֤רוֹת ְבּי‬ ָ ‫אשׁים וַ יִּ ֵ֨תּן‬ ֑ ִ ‫�שׁה ָר‬ ֣ ָ ‫�שׁ־מ ֥אוֹת ָה ִ ֖אישׁ ְשׁ‬ ֵ ‫ת־שׁ‬ ְ ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֛חץ ֶא‬ ‫ַה ַכּ ִ ֽדּים׃‬ 7:16

‫וַ יַּ ַחץ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 32:8; 33:1; Judg 7:16 —————————— ‫ וַ יַּ ַחץ‬three times Gen 32:8 Gen 33:1 Judg 7:16

‫ויחץ ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויחץ את העם אשר‬ ‫ויחץ את הילדים‬ ‫ויחץ את שלש מאות‬

132

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in an apocopated form with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in an unapocopated form and without a ‫ )יֶ ֱח ֶצה( ו‬at Isa 30:28.

7:16

‫אשׁים‬ ִ ‫ָר‬

Twenty times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20

‫̇כ‬

Mp

Gen 2:10; Exod 18:25; Deut 1:15; Judg 7:16; 9:34 Judg 9:43; 1 Sam 11:11; 13:17; Prov 13:23; Job 1:17 Ezra 7:28; 8:16; Neh 11:13; 1 Chr 5:24; 7:2 1 Chr 7:3; 8:28; 9:13; 9:34; 24:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma without the def. article, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the def. article (‫אשׁים‬ ִ ‫)ה ָר‬ ָ at Judg 7:20 and Judg 9:44.

JUDGES 7:17 ‫ר־א ֱﬠ ֶ ֖שׂה ֵ ֥כּן‬ ֶ ‫יהם ִמ ֶ ֥מּנִּ י ִת ְר ֖אוּ וְ ֵכ֣ן ַתּ ֲﬠ ֑שׂוּ וְ ִה ֵ֨נּה ָאנ ִ ֹ֥כי ָב ֙א ִבּ ְק ֵצ֣ה ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶ֔נה וְ ָה ָי֥ה ַכ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ַתּ ֲﬠ ֽשׂוּן׃‬ 7:17

‫וְ ֵכן ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 25:9; Judg 7:17

——————————

‫ וְ ֵכן ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּ‬twice, and their references

Exod 25:9 Judg 7:17

‫וכן תעשו ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ככל אשר אני מראה אותך את תבנית‬ ‫ויאמר אליהם ממני תראו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. and without a paragogic ‫נ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a ‫ ו‬cj. but with a paragogic ‫) ֵכּן ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּן( נ‬, which occurs in the same verse.

The Mp heading at Exod 25:9 adds catchwords ‫ ) ִמ ֶמּנִּ י ִת ְראוּ( ממני תראו‬to refer the reader to this verse.

JUDGES 7:17

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה ָאנ ִֹכי‬

Five times

133

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 23:14 7:17

‫ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּן‬

Fourteen times 1–5 6–10 11–14

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Exod 4:15; 20:23; Num 32:20; 32:23; Deut 1:18 Deut 12:4; 12:8; 29:8; Judg 7:17; 15:7 1 Sam 2:23; 2 Kgs 11:5; 2 Chr 19:9; 19:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the fourteen occurrences of this lemma with a paragogic ‫נ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (69x) written without this ‫נ‬. This distinction is implied in the Mm of Exod 4:15 and Num 32:23, where there is an addition of Kings to the catchword of the 2 Kgs 11:5 reference, to distinguish this reference from its parallel passage in 2 Chr 23:4, where the lemma appears as ‫תּ ֲﬠשׂוּ‬.ַ

JUDGES 7:18 ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶ֔נה‬ ֽ ַ ‫יבוֹת ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫ם־א ֶ֗תּם ְס ִב‬ ַ ַ‫שּׁוֹפ ֜רוֹת גּ‬ ָ ‫וּת ַק ְﬠ ֶ֨תּם ַבּ‬ ְ ‫שׁר ִא ִ ֑תּי‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־א‬ ֲ ‫שּׁוֹפר ָאנ ִ ֹ֖כי וְ ָכ‬ ָ֔ ‫תּי ַבּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫וְ ָת ַק ְﬠ‬ ‫וּלגִ ְד ֽﬠוֹן׃ פ‬ ְ ‫יהו֥ה‬ ָ ‫וַ ֲא ַמ ְר ֶ ֖תּם ַל‬ 7:18

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה‬ ַ ‫ְס ִביבוֹת ָכּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its two occurrences without ‫ ) ְס ִביבוֹת ַה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה( ָכּל‬at Num 11:31 and Num 11:32. 7:18

‫וּלגִ ְדעוֹן‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Judg 7:18; 7:20; 8:30

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur four times, three times with a preceding ‫ו‬, and once without it (Judg 8:27); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §16, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §17.

134

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 7:19 ‫יכוֹנה ַ ֛א� ָה ֵ ֥ קם ֵה ִ ֖ קימוּ‬ ָ֔ ‫מ ֶרת ַה ִ ֽתּ‬ ֹ ֣ ‫ר־א ֜תּוֹ ִבּ ְק ֵצ֣ה ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֗ ֶנה ֚ר ֹאשׁ ָה ַא ְשׁ‬ ִ ‫ה־אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ֨ ‫וּמ ָא‬ ֵ ‫יָּב ֹא ִ֠ג ְדעוֹן‬ ֣ ַ‫ו‬ ‫וֹפ ֔רוֹת וְ נָ ֥פוֹץ ַה ַכּ ִ ֖דּים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְבּיָ ָ ֽדם׃‬ ָ ‫עוּ ַבּ ֣שּׁ‬ ֙ ‫ֽ יִּת ְק‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ֽשּׁ ֹ ְמ ִ ֑רים ַו‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ 7:19

‫ַה ִתּיכוֹנָ ה‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:19; Ezek 41:7 (‫)ל ִתּיכוֹנָ ה‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) in various forms written defective ‫וְ ַה ִתּיכֹנָ ה( ו‬/‫) ַה ִתּיכֹנָ ה‬. 7:19

Five times

‫ֵה ִקימוּ‬

Mp

‫̇ה‬

1–5

Num 10:21 (‫ ;)וְ ֵה ִקימוּ‬Judg 7:19; Isa 23:13; Jer 34:18; 35:16

7:19

‫וְ נָ פוֹץ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, with and without a ‫ ו‬cj., possibly to distinguish them from its single occurrence of the Aramaic form with a ‫ ו‬cj. ‫ וַ ֲה ִקימוּ‬at Ezra 6:18. Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times plene is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Both MC and MA correctly read here unique and plene.

JUDGES 7:20 ‫וּב ַ֨יד־יְ ִמ ָ֔ינם‬ ְ ‫מאוֹל ֙ם ַבּ ַלּ ִפּ ִ ֔דים‬ ָ ‫ד־שׂ‬ ְ ַ‫ם וַ יַּ ֲח ִז֤יקוּ ְבי‬ ֒ ‫רוֹת וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְבּ ֣רוּ ַה ַכּ ִדּי‬ ֮ ‫וֹפ‬ ָ ‫אשׁים ַבּ ֽשּׁ‬ ֥ ִ ‫ַ ֽו֠יִּ ְת ְקעוּ ְשׁ ֨� ֶשׁת ָה ָר‬ ‫וּלגִ ְד ֽﬠוֹן׃‬ ְ ‫יהו֖ה‬ ָ ‫שּׁוֹפ ֖רוֹת ִל ְת ֑ק ַוֹ� ַוֽ יִּ ְק ְר ֔אוּ ֶ ֥ח ֶרב ַ ֽל‬ ָ ‫ַה‬ 7:20

‫אשׁים‬ ִ ‫ָה ָר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:20; 9:44

Mp

JUDGES

135

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (20x) without this article (‫אשׁים‬ ִ ‫;)ר‬ ָ see directly above at Judg 7:16. 7:20

Six times 1–5 6

‫וַ יַּ ֲחזִ יקוּ‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 19:16*; Judg 7:20; 2 Sam 2:16 (‫ ;)וַ יַּ ֲחזִ קוּ‬1 Kgs 9:9 (‫)וַ יַּ ֲחזִ קוּ‬ 2 Chr 7:22; 28:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective ‫י‬, in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the piel (‫)וַ יְ ַחזְּ קוּ‬ at Neh 2:18 and 2 Chr 11:17. * ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יַּ ֲחזִ יקוּ‬, writes the form at Gen 19:16 defective ‫ ;)וַ יַּ ֲחזִ קוּ( י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 4.

The Mp and Mm headings at 2 Sam 2:16 and the Mp heading at 1 Kgs 9:9 read three times defective (‫)י‬, which according to the Mm list at 1 Sam 2:16, includes both these references and Dan 11:32 (‫)יַ ֲחזִ קוּ‬. 7:20

‫מאוֹלם‬ ָ ‫ְשׂ‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬. 7:20

�‫קוֹ‬ ַ ‫ִל ְת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its four occurrences without this preposition. 7:20

‫וּלגִ ְדעוֹן‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 7:18.

136

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 7:21 ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֛ה וַ יָּ ִ ֖ריעוּ וַ יָּ נֽ יּסוּ׃‬ ֽ ַ ‫דוּ ִ ֣אישׁ ַתּ ְח ָ֔תּיו ָס ִ ֖ביב ַ ֽל ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֑ה וַ יָּ ֧ ָ רץ ָכּ‬ ֙ ‫וַ ַיּ ַֽﬠ ְמ‬ 7:21

‫וַ יָּ ָרץ ָכּל ַה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה‬

Unique 7:21

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ יָּ ניּסוּ‬

Read ‫וַ יָּ נוּסוּ‬

‫וינוסו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ויניסו‬, hiphil), and the qərê (‫וַ יָּ נוּסוּ‬, qal) are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations in different conjugations; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 134.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that have a ‫ י‬in the middle of word that is read as a ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Num 1:16 sub ‫קריאי‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §80, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §71.

JUDGES 7:22 ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֑ה וַ ָ֨יּנָ ס ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶ֜נה‬ ֽ ַ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ ‫הוה ֵ ֣את ֶ ֥ח ֶרב ִ ֛אישׁ ְבּ ֵר ֵ ֖ﬠהוּ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ת וַ ָיּ ֶ֣שׂם י‬ ֒ ‫שּׁוֹפרוֹ‬ ָ ‫�שׁ־מ ֣אוֹת ַה‬ ֵ ‫עוּ ְשׁ‬ ֮ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְת ְק‬ ‫ל־ט ָ ֽבּת׃‬ ַ ‫חוֹל֖ה ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ת־א ֵ ֥בל ְמ‬ ָ ‫ד־בּ֤ית ַה ִשּׁ ָטּ ֙ה ְ ֽצ ֵר ָ ֔ר ָתה ַﬠ֛ד ְשׂ ַפ‬ ֵ ‫ַﬠ‬ 7:22 Unique

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה‬ ַ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once preceded by ‫וּבכֹל‬ ְ or ‫;וּב ָכל‬ ְ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §255. 7:22

Unique 7:22

Unique

‫ַה ִשּׁ ָטּה‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ְצ ֵר ָר ָתה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that occurs once with a ‫ ְצ ֵר ָד ָתה( ד‬2 Chr 4:17), and once with a ‫( ר‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §7.

JUDGES 7:22

‫ַט ָבּת‬

Unique

137

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 7:23 ‫ל־מנַ ֶ ֑שּׁה ַוֽ יִּ ְר ְדּ ֖פוּ ַא ֲח ֵ ֥רי ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ְ ‫ן־כּ‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫ן־א ֵ ֖שׁר‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֵ ֧ﬠק ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ִמנַּ ְפ ָתּ ִ ֥לי‬ 7:23

‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֵﬠק‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Judg 7:23; 7:24; 12:1

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) in the qal (‫)וַ יִּ ְצ ַﬠק‬. 7:23

‫ן־כּל‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ִ

Twice, and similarly all Aramaic Judg 7:23; Daniel 1:15 (‫ן־כּל‬ ָ ‫)מ‬ ִ

‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫ארמ‬ ̇ ‫̇ב וכל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma where the prep. ‫ ִמן‬or ‫וּמן‬ ִ is written separate from ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) where the prep. is joined with ‫וּמ ָכּל( ָכּל‬ ִ /‫) ִמ ָכּל‬. The Masorah also notes that this lemma is the norm in the Aramaic sections of the Bible, where ‫ן־כּל‬ ָ ‫ ִמ‬occurs five times in Daniel. MA reads, with ML here, but MC reads here unique, and similarly all Aramaic.

JUDGES 7:24 ‫ת־ה ַ֔מּיִ ם ַ ֛ﬠד ֵ ֥בּית‬ ַ ‫מר ְר ֞דוּ ִל ְק ַ ֤ראת ִמ ְדיָ ֙ן וְ ִל ְכ ֤דוּ ָל ֶה ֙ם ֶא‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ל־הר ֶא ְפ ַ ֜ריִ ם ֵלא‬ ַ֨ ‫וּמ ְל ָא ִ֡כים ָשׁ ַל֣ח גִּ ְדעוֹן֩ ְבּ ָכ‬ ַ ‫ת־היַּ ְר ֵ ֽדּן׃‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַ֔מּיִ ם ַ ֛ﬠד ֵ ֥בּית ָבּ ָ ֖רה וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ל־אישׁ ֶא ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם וַ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֣דוּ ֶא‬ ֤ ִ ‫ת־היַּ ְר ֵ ֑דּן וַ יִּ ָצּ ֞ ֵﬠק ָכּ‬ ַ ‫ָבּ ָ ֖רה וְ ֶא‬ 7:24

‫ ָבּ ָרה‬1

Five times written like this 1–5

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 7:24a; 7:24b; Ps 19:9; Cant 6:9; 6:10

138

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) written with an ‫ ;א‬see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ב‬, §453b and §456.

The Mm at Cant 6:9 has an additional note that reads and similarly all occurrences where the word refers to eating, citing (‫ )וְ ֶא ְב ֶרה‬2 Sam 13:10 and (‫)א ְב ֶרה‬ ֶ Job 39:13. 7:24

‫ת־היַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬2

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 7:24a; 7:24b

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (44x) without a cj.

JUDGES 7:25 ‫צוּר־עוֹר ֙ב וְ ֶאת־זְ ֵא ֙ב ָה ְרג֣ וּ ְב ֶי ֶֽ קב־‬ ֵ ‫ת־עוֹרב ְבּ‬ ֵ֤ ‫ֽי־שׂ ֵ ֨רי ִמ ְד ָ֜ין ֶאת־ע ֵ ֹ֣רב וְ ֶאת־זְ ֵ֗אב וַ יַּ ַה ְר ֨גוּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְל ְכּ ֡דוּ ְשׁ ֵנ‬ ‫יאוּ ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ֵמ ֵ ֖ﬠ ֶבר ַליַּ ְר ֵ ֽדּן׃‬ ֙ ‫ל־מ ְד ָי֑ ן וְ רֹאשׁ־ע ֵ ֹ֣רב וּזְ ֵ֔אב ֵה ִ֨ב‬ ִ ‫זְ ֵ֔אב ַוֽ יִּ ְר ְדּ ֖פוּ ֶא‬ 7:25

‫עוֹרב‬ ֵ 1

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

ֵ ‫)כּ‬ ָ Judg 7:25a; 7:25b; Isa 10:26; Cant 5:11 (‫עוֹרב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) written defective ‫ו‬ (‫כּע ֵֹרב‬/‫ב‬ ְ ‫)ע ֵֹר‬.

The Mp heading at Cant 5:11 reads unique and once ‫ כערב‬noting the form with the def. prep. ‫ ָכּ‬written plene ‫עוֹרב( ו‬ ֵ ‫)כּ‬, ָ as well as the form with the indef. prep. ‫ ְכּ‬written defective ‫)כּע ֵֹרב( ו‬ ְ at Ps 83:12. 7:25

‫עוֹרב‬ ֵ 2

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: See directly above.

Mp

JUDGES 7:25

‫וְ רֹאשׁ‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

139

Mp

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Deut 32:33; Judg 7:25; 9:37; 1 Sam 5:4; 17:57 2 Sam 15:30; 1 Kgs 10:19; Isa 7:8; 7:9a; 7:9b Prov 8:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a qameṣ under the ‫ )וָ רֹאשׁ( ו‬at Gen 46:21 and Lam 3:19. All the Mp headings highlighted above read eleven times apart from that at 2 Sam 15:30, which mistakenly reads twelve times. In ML the circellus has been placed between this word and the following word ‫ע ֵֹרב‬ but, since the phrase ‫ וְ רֹאשׁ ע ֵֹרב‬occurs only this once, it is more likely that the note belongs solely with ‫ וְ רֹאשׁ‬which does occur eleven times.

JUDGES 8:1 ‫תּי ְק ֣ר ֹאות ֔ ָלנוּ ִ ֥כּי ָה ַל ְ֖כ ָתּ ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֣חם‬ ֙ ִ ‫ית ֔ ָלּנוּ ְל ִב ְל‬ ָ ‫ה־ה ָדּ ָ ֤בר ַהזֶּ ֙ה ָﬠ ִ ֣שׂ‬ ַ ‫אמ ֨רוּ ֵא ֜ ָליו ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא ְפ ַ ֗ריִ ם ָ ֽמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ְבּ ִמ ְד ָ ֑י ן וַ יְ ִר ֥יבוּן ִא ֖תּוֹ ְבּ ָחזְ ָ ֽ קה׃‬ 8:1 Unique

‫ְקרֹאות‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this infin. cstr. with an unusual ‫ות‬ ending, to distinguish it from its four occurrences of this infin. cstr. without this ending (‫)קרֹא‬. ְ 8:1

‫וַ יְ ִריבוּן‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene (‫)י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without (‫ )יְ ִר ֻיבן‬at Exod 21:18; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

140 8:1

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְבּ ָחזְ ָקה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 4:3; 8:1; 1 Sam 2:16; Jonah 3:8 ——————————

‫ ָחזְ ָקה‬four times, and their references Judg 8:1 Judg 4:3 1 Sam 2:16 Jonah 3:8

‫בחזקה ֗ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ויריבון אתו‬ ‫והוא לחץ את‬ ‫ואם לא לקחתי בחזקה‬ ‫ויקראו אל אלהים‬

And once (‫)וּב ָחזְ ָקה‬: ְ Ezek 34:4

[‫ובפ( ]ובפרך‬ ̇ ) ‫וחד ובחזקה רדיתם אתם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the sole occurrence of its parallel form ‫ ְבּ ָחזָ ק‬at Isa 40:10.

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּב ָחזְ ָקה‬ ְ at Ezek 34:4.

JUDGES 8:2 ‫יﬠזֶ ר׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫יתי ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ָכּ ֶכ֑ם ֲה ֗לוֹא ֛טוֹב ע ְֹלל֥ וֹת ֶא ְפ ַ ֖ריִ ם ִמ ְב ִ ֥ציר ֲא ִב‬ ִ ‫ה־ﬠ ִ ֥שׂ‬ ָ ‫יהם ֶמ‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 8:2

‫ע ְֹללוֹת‬

Unique written this way

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the unique occurrence of this lemma written this way to distinguish it from other writings such as ‫עוֹל�ת‬ ֵ (Isa 17:6), ‫( ע ֵֹללוֹת‬Obad 5), and ‫עוֹללוֹת‬ ֵ (Jer 49:9).

JUDGES

141

JUDGES 8:3 ‫רוּח ֙ם‬ ָ ‫וּמה־יָּ ֖כֹ ְל ִתּי ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ָכּ ֶכ֑ם ָ֗אז ָר ְפ ָ ֤תה‬ ַ ‫ת־שׂ ֵ ֤רי ִמ ְדיָ ֙ן ֶאת־ע ֵ ֹ֣רב וְ ֶאת־זְ ֵ֔אב‬ ָ ‫�הים ֶא‬ ִ֜ ‫ְבּיֶ ְד ֶכ ֩ם נָ ַ֨תן ֱא‬ ‫ֵ ֽמ ָﬠ ֔ ָליו ְבּ ַד ְבּ ֖רוֹ ַה ָדּ ָ ֥בר ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ 8:3

‫יָּ כ ְֹל ִתּי‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Gen 30:8; Judg 8:3; Ps 40:13 ——————————

‫ יָ כ ְֹל ִתּי‬three times and defective, and their references Gen 30:8 Judg 8:3 Ps 40:13

‫וחס וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫יכלתי ̇ג‬

Mm

‫נפתולי אלהים נפתלתי‬ ‫ומה יכלתי עשות ככם‬ ‫השיגוני עונתי ולא‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs three times and is written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

This 1st pers. sg. form may be contrasted with the 3rd pers. sg. form, which is written both defective (‫ )יָ כֹל‬and plene (‫)יָ כוֹל‬. 8:3

‫ָר ְפ ָתה‬

Twice

Mp

‫̇ב‬

Judg 8:3; Jer 49:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the fem., to distinguish it from its two occurrences in the masc. (‫ ָ)ר ָפה‬at Judg 19:9 and 1 Chr 8:37. 8:3

‫רוּחם‬ ָ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 8:3; Ezek 13:3; Ps 104:29 ——————————

142

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫רוּחם‬ ָ three times and plene, and their references

Judg 8:3 Ezek 13:3 Ps 104:29

‫ומל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫רוחם ̇ג‬

Mm

‫אז רפתה רוחם מעליו‬ ‫אחר רוחם‬ ‫)תוסף( ]תסף[ רוחם יגועון ואל עפרם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes that this lemma occurs three times and is written plene (‫)ו‬, thereby implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 8:4 ‫יֵפים וְ ר ְֹד ִ ֽפים׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫שׁר ִא ֔תּוֹ ֲﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ישׁ ֲא‬ ֙ ‫�שׁ־מ ֤אוֹת ָה ִא‬ ֵ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫יָּב ֹא גִ ְד ֖ﬠוֹן ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֑דּנָ ה ע ֵֹב֣ר ֗הוּא‬ ֥ ַ‫ו‬ 8:4

‫ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּנָ ה‬

‫ ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּנָ ה‬four times, and their references Num 34:12 Judg 8:4 2 Kgs 2:6 2 Kgs 6:4

‫הירדנה ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫וירד )גבול( ]הגבול[ הירדנה‬ ‫ויבא גדעון הירדנה עבר‬ ‫כי יהוה שלחני הירדנה‬ ‫וילך אתם >ויבאו< הירדנה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) written without this adverbial form.

JUDGES 8:6 ‫אמ ֙ר ָשׂ ֵ ֣רי ֻס ֔כּוֹת ֠ ֲה ַכף ֶז ַ֧בח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ָנּ֛ע ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ְבּיָ ֶ ֑ד� ִ ֽכּי־נִ ֵ ֥תּן ִ ֽל ְצ ָב ֲא�֖ ָ ֽל ֶחם׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 8:6 Twice

‫ֲה ַכף‬ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 8:6; 8:15

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65.

JUDGES 8:6

‫נִ ֵתּן‬

Six times 1–5 6

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 34:21; Judg 8:6; 8:15; 8:25; 1 Sam 30:22 Neh 10:31

——————————

‫ נִ ֵתּן‬six times, and their references 1–5

6

143

Gen 34:21 Judg 8:6 Judg 8:15 Judg 8:25 1 Sam 30:22 Neh 10:31

‫נתן ו̇ וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ואת בנתינו נתן‬ ‫כי נתן לצבאך‬ ‫כי נתן לאנשיך‬ ‫ויאמרו נתון‬ ‫להם מהשלל‬ [‫ואת )בנותינו( ]בנתיהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma pointed with a ṣerê, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) pointed with a paṯaḥ (‫ ;)נִ ַתּן‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §5F. This note is repeated in an abbreviated fashion at v. 15. 8:6

Unique

�‫ִל ְצ ָב ֲא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. at Judg 9:29.

JUDGES 8:7 ‫ת־קוֹצי ַה ִמּ ְד ָ ֖בּר‬ ֵ֥ ‫ת־בּ ַשׂ ְר ֶ֔כם ֶא‬ ְ ‫תּי ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫ת־צ ְל ֻמ ָנּ֖ע ְבּיָ ִ ֑די וְ ַד ְשׁ‬ ַ ‫ת־ז ַ֥בח וְ ֶא‬ ֶ ‫הו֛ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ָל ֵ֗כן ְבּ ֵ ֧תת י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ת־ה ַבּ ְר ֳק ִנֽים׃‬ ֽ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 8:7 Unique

‫וְ ַד ְשׁ ִתּי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

144 8:7

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ת־קוֹצי‬ ֵ ‫ֶא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. (‫ת־קוֹצי‬ ֵ ‫ )וְ ֶא‬at v. 16. 8:7

‫ת־קוֹצי ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּר‬ ֵ ‫ֶא‬

The first: Judg 8:7 The second: Judg 8:16 And their sîman: Gen 1:1

Mm ‫קדמייה את קוצי המדבר‬ ‫תינינ̇ ואת קוצי המדבר‬ ‫וסימנהון בראשית ברא אלהים את‬

Com.: The Masorah presents two parallel passages differing in their use of the ‫ ו‬cj. In the first passage (Judg 8:7), the phrase without the ‫ ו‬cj. reads ‫ת־קוֹצי ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּר‬ ֵ ‫ ; ֶא‬in the second passage (Judg 8:16), the phrase with the ‫ ו‬cj. reads ‫ת־קוֹצי ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּר‬ ֵ ‫וְ ֶא‬.

To illustrate this difference the Masorah uses a third verse mnemonic of Gen 1:1 where the same words ‫ ֶאת‬and ‫ וְ ֶאת‬appear in the same order (‫�הים ֵאת‬ ִ ‫אשׁית ָבּ ָרא ֱא‬ ִ ‫ְבּ ֵר‬ ‫) ַה ָשּׁ ַמיִ ם וְ ֵאת ָה ָא ֶרץ‬. 8:7

‫ַה ַבּ ְר ֳקנִ ים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 8:7; 8:16

JUDGES 8:8 ‫נוּאל ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠנ֖ וּ ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ֻס ֽכּוֹת׃‬ ֵ֔ ‫שׁי ְפ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫אוֹתוֹ ַאנ‬ ֙ ‫יהם ָכּ ֑ז ֹאת וַ יַּ ֲﬠנ֤ וּ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫נוּאל וַ יְ ַד ֵ ֥בּר ֲא ֵל‬ ֵ֔ ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֤ﬠל ִמ ָשּׁ ֙ם ְפּ‬ 8:8

‫נוּאל‬ ֵ ‫ ְפ‬2

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 32:32; Judg 8:8a; 8:8b; 8:9; 8:17 1 Kgs 12:25; 1 Chr 4:4 (‫נוּאל‬ ֵ ‫;)וּפ‬ ְ 8:25 (‫נוּאל‬ ֵ ‫וּפ‬, ְ qərê)

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in various forms written with a ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in various forms written with a ‫יאל( י‬ ֵ ִ‫)פּנ‬ ְ at Gen 32:31, and in the kəṯîḇ (‫ )ופניאל‬at 1 Chr 8:25.

JUDGES

145

JUDGES 8:9 ‫ת־ה ִמּגְ ָ ֥דּל ַה ֶזּֽה׃ פ‬ ַ ‫תּץ ֶא‬ ֹ ֖ ‫שׁוּבי ְב ָשׁ ֔לוֹם ֶא‬ ֣ ִ ‫מר ְבּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫נוּאל ֵלא‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ם־ל ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ְפ‬ ְ ַ‫אמר גּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֛יּ‬ 8:9

‫נוּאל‬ ֵ ‫ְפ‬

Eight times

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 8:8. 8:9

Unique

‫ת־ה ִמּגְ ָדּל‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ת־ה ִמּגְ ָדּל‬ ַ ‫ )וְ ֶא‬at Gen 11:5.

JUDGES 8:10 ‫י־ק ֶדם‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫וֹת ִ ֔רים ִמ ֖כֹּל ַמ ֲח ֵנ֣ה ְבנ‬ ָ ֣‫יהם ִﬠ ָמּ ֙ם ַכּ ֲח ֵ ֤מ ֶשׁת ָﬠ ָשׂ ֙ר ֶ֔א ֶלף ֚כֹּל ַהנּ‬ ֤ ֶ ֵ‫וּמ ֲחנ‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶ֨ז ַבח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ֜ ָנּע ַבּ ַקּ ְר ֗קֹר‬ ‫וְ ַה ֹ֣נּ ְפ ֔ ִלים ֵמ ָ֨אה וְ ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֥רים ֶ ֛א ֶלף ִ ֖אישׁ ֥שׁ ֹ ֵלֽף ָ ֽח ֶרב׃‬ 8:10 Unique

‫וְ זֶ ַבח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמנָּ ע‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of word pairs in which both parts of the pair have a ‫ ו‬cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §253.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫וְ ַצ ְל ֻמנָּ ע‬, but since there are seven occurrences of this lemma (see v. 21), the note must refer, as it does in MC and MA, to both words, which only occur this once. 8:10

Unique 8:10

Unique

‫ַבּ ַקּ ְרקֹר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ַכּ ֲח ֵמ ֶשׁת ָﬠ ָשׂר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וַ ֲח ֵמ ֶשׁת ָﬠ ָשׂר‬at 2 Sam 19:18

146 8:10

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫י־ק ֶדם‬ ֶ ֵ‫ִמכֹּל ַמ ֲחנֵ ה ְבנ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: In ML there are only two circelli on this four-word phrase, one on ‫ִמכֹּל ַמ ֲחנֵ ה‬ and one on ‫י־ק ֶדם‬ ֶ ֵ‫בנ‬.ְ With four- or five-word phrases it is not unusual for only two circelli to be given; see Josh 1:6 and passim.

JUDGES 8:11 ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֲח ֶ֔נה וְ ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֖ה ָ ֥היָ ה ֶ ֽב ַטח׃‬ ֽ ַ ‫כוּנ֣י ָ ֽב ֳא ָה ֔ ִלים ִמ ֶ ֥קּ ֶדם ְל ֹ֖נ ַבח וְ יָ גְ ֳבּ ָ ֑הה וַ יַּ ֙� ֶא‬ ֵ ‫וַ ַיּ ַ֣ﬠל גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ֶ ֚דּ ֶר� ַה ְשּׁ‬ 8:11

‫ַה ְשּׁכוּנֵ י‬

Unique 8:11

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ָב ֳא ָה ִלים‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 8:11; Jer 35:7; 35:10; Hos 12:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this prep. (‫)א ָֹה ִלים‬.

The Mp heading at Hos 12:10, which reads unique written with ‫א‬, represents a tradition that has the ‫ א‬of ‫ ָב ֳא ָה ִלים‬written with a qameṣ and not a ḥaṭeṕ qameṣ; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. 8:11

‫ְלנ ַֹבח‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ נ ַֹבח‬at Num 32:42, and from its occurrence without any prefix (‫ )נ ַֹבח‬also at Num 32:42. 8:11

‫וְ יָ גְ ֳב ָהה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 32:35; Judg 8:11

JUDGES

147

JUDGES 8:12 ‫ת־צ ְל ֻמ ֔ ָנּע וְ ָכל־‬ ַ ‫ת־ז ַב ֙ח וְ ֶא‬ ֶ֨ ‫ת־שׁ ֵנ֣י ׀ ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י ִמ ְד ָ֗ין ֶא‬ ְ ‫יהם וַ יִּ ְל ֞כֹּד ֶא‬ ֑ ֶ ‫וַ יָּ נ֗ וּסוּ ֶז ַ֚בח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ָ֔נּע וַ יִּ ְר ֖דּ ֹף ַא ֲח ֵר‬ ‫ַ ֽה ַמּ ֲח ֶנ֖ה ֶה ֱח ִ ֽריד׃‬ 8:12

‫ת־צ ְל ֻמנָּ ע‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Judg 8:7; 8:12; 8:21 8:12

Mp

‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ה‬ ַ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (6x) without a cj.

JUDGES 8:13 ‫ן־ה ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה ִ ֽמ ְל ַמ ֲﬠ ֵל֖ה ֶה ָ ֽח ֶרס׃‬ ַ ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ִמ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֛שׁב גִּ ְד ֥ﬠוֹן ֶבּ‬ 8:13

‫ִמ ְל ַמ ֲﬠ ֵלה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena in a similar unit where one has a prefixed ‫( ל‬here), and the other does not have this ‫מ ַמּ ֲﬠ ֵלה( ל‬, ִ Judg 1:36); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §245, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §136. 8:13

‫ֶה ָח ֶרס‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 8:14 ‫יה ִשׁ ְב ִ ֥ﬠים וְ ִשׁ ְב ָ ֖ﬠה‬ ָ ‫כּוֹת וְ ֶאת־זְ ֵק ֔ ֶנ‬ ֙ ‫ת־שׂ ֵ ֤רי ֻס‬ ָ ‫תּב ֵא ֜ ָליו ֶא‬ ֹ ֨ ‫ד־נ ַ֛ﬠר ֵמ ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ֻס ֖כּוֹת וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָא ֵל֑הוּ וַ יִּ ְכ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְל ָכּ‬ ‫ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ 8:14

‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָא ֵלהוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 37:15; Judg 8:14; Jer 37:17

148

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

8:14

‫יה‬ ָ ֶ‫וְ ֶאת־זְ ֵקנ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 8:15 ‫מר ֠ ֲה ַכף ֶז ַ֣בח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ָנּ֤ע‬ ֹ ֗ ‫אוֹתי ֵלא‬ ִ֜ ‫אמר ִה ֵנּ֖ה ֶז ַ֣בח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ָנּ֑ע ֲא ֶשׁר֩ ֵח ַר ְפ ֶ֨תּם‬ ֶ ֹ ‫שׁי ֻס ֔כּוֹת וַ ֕יּ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ל־אנ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּב ֹ ֙א ֶא‬ ‫ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ְבּיָ ֶ ֔ד� ִ ֥כּי נִ ֵ ֛תּן ַל ֲאנָ ֶ ֥שׁי� ַהיְּ ֵﬠ ִ ֖פים ָ ֽל ֶחם׃‬ 8:15

‫זֶ ַבח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמנָּ ע‬1

Four times 1–5 6

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 8:5; 8:6; 8:12; 8:15a; 8:15b; Judg 8:21

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times is incorrect since there are six occurrences of this lemma. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

8:15

Six times 1–5 6

‫נִ ֵתּן‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 34:21; Judg 8:6; 8:15; 8:25; 1 Sam 30:22 Neh 10:31

—————————— ‫ נִ ֵתּן‬six times 1–5

̇‫נתן ו‬

6

Gen 34:21 Judg 8:15 Judg 8:6 Judg 8:25 1 Sam 30:22 Neh 10:31

8:15

‫ַל ֲאנָ ֶשׁי� ַהיְּ ֵﬠ ִפים‬

Mm ‫שלמים‬ ‫לאנשיך‬ ‫לצבאך‬ ‫ויפרשו‬ ‫מהשלל‬ [‫)בנותינו( ]בנתינו‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 8:6.

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

149

JUDGES 8:16 ‫ת־ה ַבּ ְר ֳק ִנ֑ים וַ ֹ֣יּ ַדע ָבּ ֶ֔הם ֵ ֖את ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ֻס ֽכּוֹת׃‬ ֽ ַ ‫ת־קוֹצי ַה ִמּ ְד ָ ֖בּר וְ ֶא‬ ֵ֥ ‫וַ יִּ ַקּ ֙ח ֶאת־זִ ְק ֵנ֣י ָה ֔ ִﬠיר וְ ֶא‬ 8:16

‫ַה ַבּ ְר ֳקנִ ים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 8:7; 8:16 8:16

‫וַ יּ ַֹדע‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that occur once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Num 16:5), and once with a ‫ ו‬consec. (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §46, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §47, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §7T.

JUDGES 8:17 ‫ת־אנְ ֵ ֥שׁי ָה ִ ֽﬠיר׃‬ ַ ‫נוּאל נָ ָ ֑תץ ַוֽ יַּ ֲה ֖ר ֹג ֶא‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ת־מגְ ַ ֥דּל ְפּ‬ ִ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 8:17

‫ת־מגְ ַדּל‬ ִ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 8:17; Neh 3:11

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

8:17

‫נוּאל‬ ֵ ‫ְפּ‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Com.: See above at Judg 8:8.

150

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 8:18 ‫מוֹהם ֶא ָ֕חד‬ ֶ֔ ‫רוּ ָכּ ֣מוֹ� ְכ‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ל־צ ְל ֻמ ָ֔נּע ֵאיפ ֹ֙ה ָה ֲאנָ ִ֔שׁים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֲה ַרגְ ֶ ֖תּם ְבּ ָת ֑בוֹר ַוֽיּ‬ ַ ‫ל־ז ַב ֙ח וְ ֶא‬ ֶ֨ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֗יּ‬ ‫ת ַאר ְבּ ֵנ֥י ַה ֶ ֽמּ ֶל�׃‬ ֹ ֖ ‫ְכּ‬ 8:18 Unique

‫ֶאל־זֶ ַבח‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once with the prep. ‫ ֶ;אל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §77, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156A. 8:18

‫ֵאיפֹה‬

Ten times written ‫ה‬ 1–5 6–10

‫י̇ כתב ̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 37:16; Judg 8:18; 1 Sam 19:22; 2 Sam 9:4; Isa 49:21 Jer 3:2; 36:19; Job 4:7; (‫ ;)וְ ֵאיפֹה‬38:4; Ruth 2:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its eleven occurrences written with an ‫)אפוֹא( א‬. ֵ

The Mp note at Job 4:7 correctly reads twice written with ‫ ה‬in the book (of Job); here and at Job 38:4. 8:18

‫מוֹהם‬ ֶ ‫ְכ‬

Three times and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 8:18; Ps 115:8; 135:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma that are only written plene ‫ו‬, unlike other forms of this prep. which can be written defective ‫( ו‬e.g. ‫ ָכּמֹנִ י‬and ‫)כּמֹנוּ‬. ָ 8:18

Unique

‫ְכּתֹאַר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without this preposition.

JUDGES

151

JUDGES 8:19 ‫אוֹתם ֥ל ֹא ָה ַ ֖רגְ ִתּי ֶא ְת ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ָ֔ ‫הוה ל֚ וּ ַה ֲחיִ ֶ ֣תם‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ֽי־א ִ ֖מּי ֵ ֑הם ַחי־י‬ ִ ‫אמר ַא ַ ֥חי ְבּ ֵנ‬ ַ֕ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 8:19

‫לוּ‬

Twenty-two times 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–20

21–22

‫לו ̇כ ̇ב‬

Gen 17:18 Gen 23:13 Gen 30:34 Gen 50:15 Num 22:29 Deut 32:29 Josh 7:7 Judg 13:23 Judg 8:19 1 Sam 14:30 Num 20:3 Num 14:2 Num 14:2 Isa 48:18 2 Sam 19:7 Isa 63:19 Ezek 14:15 )שׁ ֵֹקל‬ ‫)אישׁ‬ ִ �ַ ‫)שׁ ֵֹמ‬ ‫)כּ ְﬠ ִשׂי‬ ַ ‫)נַ ְפ ְשׁ ֶכם‬

‫ישמעאל‬ ‫מיתא‬ ‫לבן‬ ‫סטימא‬ ‫בלעם‬ ‫חכימא‬ ‫יהושע‬ ‫קטלה‬ ‫אחוו‬ ‫בזונה‬ ‫יסופון‬ ‫מן ארעא‬ ‫ומן מדברה‬ ‫בזכותה‬ ‫דאבשלום‬ ‫לא שלטת בה‬ ‫חיותא בישתא‬ אתקיל‬ ‫גוברא‬ ‫דשמע‬ ‫ולא מתכעסה‬ ‫נפשה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-two occurrences of this lemma pointed with a šûreq, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences pointed with a ḥolem (‫ ;)לוֹ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §19D.

The catchwords are given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic: “Ishmael the dead one, Laban the begrudger, Balaam the wise. Joshua killed his brothers with his belt. They will perish from the land and from the wilderness. By the merit of Absalom the evil beast had no power over him. the man who heard, and did not himself get angry”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 57–64.

The lemma ‫ לוּ‬occurs twenty-two times, but there are only twenty-one catchwords listed in the note. However, the missing catchword for 2 Sam 18:22 (‫אתקיל‬, he weighed) is listed in Miqraʾot Gedolot (at Gen 17:18, and in the Mf) and (incorrectly as ‫ )אתקטל‬in Ginsburg (2, ‫ל‬, §304).

152

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

8:19

‫ַה ֲחיִ ֶתם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena starting with ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §65, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §66.

JUDGES 8:20 ‫עוֹדנּוּ ָנ ַֽﬠר׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫בּוֹ ִ ֣כּי יָ ֵ ֔רא ִ ֥כּי‬ ֙ ‫א־שׁ ֨ ַלף ַה ַנּ ַ֤ﬠר ַח ְר‬ ָ ֹ ‫אוֹתם וְ ל‬ ֑ ָ ‫כוֹרוֹ ֖קוּם ֲה ֣ר ֹג‬ ֔ ‫אמ ֙ר ְל ֶי ֶ֣תר ְבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 8:20

‫ְבּכוֹרוֹ‬

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 38:6; Judg 8:20; 2 Sam 3:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written defective first ‫ו‬ (‫)בּכֹרוֹ‬. ְ

JUDGES 8:21 ‫ת־ז ַ֣בח וְ ֶאת־‬ ֶ ‫בוּר ֑תוֹ וַ ָיּ֣ ָ קם גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ַוֽ יַּ ֲהר ֹ֙ג ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫ע־בּנוּ ִ ֥כּי ָכ ִ ֖אישׁ גּ‬ ָ֔ ַ‫וּפג‬ ְ ‫אמר ֶז ַ֣בח וְ ַצ ְל ֻמ ָ֗נּע ֤קוּם ַא ָתּ ֙ה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֜יּ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ארי גְ ַמ ֵלּ‬ ֥ ֵ ְ‫ת־ה ַ ֣שּׂ ֲהר ִֹ֔נים ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ַצוּ‬ ַ ‫ַצ ְל ֻמ ֔ ָנּע וַ יִּ ַקּ ֙ח ֶא‬ 8:21 Five times

1–5 6–7

‫וְ ַצ ְל ֻמנָּ ע‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 8:5; 8:6; 8:10; 8:12; 8:15a Judg 8:15b; 8:21

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times is incorrect since there are seven occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences without a cj. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 8:21

‫ע־בּנוּ‬ ָ ַ‫וּפג‬ ְ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

153

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a 1st pers. pl. sfx., possibly to distinguish it from its occurrence with a 3rd pers. sg. sfx. (‫)וּפגַ ע־בּוֹ‬ ְ at 1 Kgs 2:31. 8:21

‫ָכ ִאישׁ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its twenty occurrences with a šəwâ under the ‫;)כּ ִאישׁ( כ‬ ְ see Judg 6:16. 8:21

‫ַה ַשּׂ ֲהר ֹנִ ים‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 8:21; 8:26; Isa 3:18 (‫)וְ ַה ַשּׂ ֲהר ֹנִ ים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Isa 3:18), and twice without a cj. (here and v. 26).

JUDGES 8:22 ‫הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ָ ֖תּנוּ ִמ ַיּ֥ד ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ַ ‫ן־בּ ֶנ֑ � ִ ֥כּי‬ ְ ‫ם־בּנְ �֖ ַגּ֣ם ֶבּ‬ ִ ַ‫ם־א ָ֔תּה גּ‬ ַ ַ‫ל־בּ ֙נוּ גּ‬ ָ֨ ‫אמ ֤רוּ ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶאל־גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ְמ ָשׁ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 8:22

‫אמרוּ ִאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of the phrase ‫ ִאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬with ‫אמרוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ִאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל( וַ יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ )וַ יּ‬at Josh 9:7 (qərê, the kəṯîḇ form is ‫)ויאמרו‬, and 1 Sam 17:25. 8:22

‫הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ָתּנוּ‬ ַ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 8:22; Ps 44:8

154

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 8:23 ‫יִמ ֥שׁ ֹל ָבּ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ְ ‫הו֖ה‬ ָ ְ‫א־יִמ ֥שׁ ֹל ְבּ ִנ֖י ָבּ ֶכ֑ם י‬ ְ ֹ ‫א־א ְמ ֤שׁ ֹל ֲאנִ ֙י ָבּ ֶ֔כם וְ ֽל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶה ֙ם גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן ֽל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 8:23

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Twenty-nine times defective in the Prophets

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–29

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ט‬

Josh 6:6; 23:2; Judg 3:28; 8:23; 8:24 Judg 18:2; 18:4; 19:23b; 1 Kgs 12:16*; 12:28 1 Kgs 13:12; 22:6; 2 Kgs 1:2; 1:3; 1:7 2 Kgs 2:18; 6:19; 9:19; 10:18; 12:8 2 Kgs 18:18; Ezek 16:37; 20:3; 20:7; 20:29 Ezek 33:25*; 33:27; 37:19; Zech 1:3

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-nine occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in the Prophets written plene ‫יהם( י‬ ֶ ‫)א ֵל‬. ֲ

ֲ writes the two forms at 1 Kgs 12:16 and Ezek 33:25 plene * ML, contrary to M (‫)א ֵל ֶהם‬, ‫יהם( י‬ ֶ ‫;)א ֵל‬ ֲ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 112 and 218. On the other hand, ML, contrary to M (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫)א ֵל‬, ֲ writes the forms at Josh 9:8 and 2 Kgs 18:19 defective ‫;)א ֵל ֶהם( י‬ ֲ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 46 and 131. Of the sixteen highlighted Mp headings above, only Judg 8:23 and Ezek 33:27 read twenty-nine times defective in the Prophets.

All the other Mp headings relate to specific books, thus every one of the ten highlighted Mp headings in Kings note the thirteen occurrences in Kings; the headings at Josh 6:6 and 23:2 note the two occurrences in Joshua, and those at Judg 3:28 and 19:23b note the six occurrences in Judges. 8:23

Unique

‫א־יִמשׁ ֹל‬ ְ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena phrases that occur once with a ‫ ו‬cj., and once without a cj. (Exod 21:8); see the Mm to Lev 1:17.

JUDGES

155

JUDGES 8:24 ‫נוּ־לי ִ ֖אישׁ ֶ ֣נ זֶ ם ְשׁ ָלל֑ וֹ ִ ֽכּי־נִ זְ ֵ ֤מי זָ ָה ֙ב ָל ֶ֔הם ִ ֥כּי‬ ִ ֕ ‫וּת‬ ְ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֜הם גִּ ְד ֗עוֹן ֶא ְשׁ ֲא ָל֤ה ִמ ֶכּ ֙ם ְשׁ ֵא ֔ ָלה‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫אלים ֵ ֽהם׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫יִ ְשׁ ְמ ֵﬠ‬ 8:24 Unique

‫ִאישׁ נֶ זֶ ם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there is another occurrence of this lemma in the following verse. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

The circellus between these two words is not clear. 8:24

‫ֵהם‬

Twelve times at the end of a verse 1–5 6–10 11–12

̇‫י̇ ̇ב סוף פסו‬

Mp

Gen 40:12; 40:18; Exod 18:26; 29:33; Lev 11:42 Num 1:16; Judg 8:24; 1 Kgs 20:3; Isa 49:21; Ezek 12:2 Ezra 2:59; Neh 7:61

——————————

‫ ֵהם‬twelve times at the end of a verse, and their references 1–5

6–10

11–12

Gen 40:12 Gen 40:18 Exod 18:26 Exod 29:33 Lev 11:42 Num 1:16 Judg 8:24 1 Kgs 20:3 Isa 49:21 Ezek 12:2 Ezra 2:59 And its companion (Neh 7:61)

‫סופ פסוק וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫הם י̇ ̇ב‬ [‫)השריגים( ]השרגים‬ ‫הסלים‬ ‫ישפוטו‬ ‫כפר‬ ‫גחון‬ ‫קרואי‬ ‫אשאלה‬ ‫כספך‬ [‫)גלמודה( ]וגלמודה‬ ‫בן אדם‬ ‫חרשא‬ [‫וחב( ]וחבירו‬ ̇ )

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences at the end of a verse of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (28x) at the end of a verse of its alternate form ‫ ֵ;ה ָמּה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §106.

156

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 8:25 ‫ת־ה ִשּׂ ְמ ֔ ָלה וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֣ליכוּ ָ֔שׁ ָמּה ִ ֖אישׁ ֶנ֥ זֶ ם ְשׁ ָל ֽלוֹ׃‬ ַ ‫שׂוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֖רוּ נָ ֣תוֹן נִ ֵ ֑תּן ַוֽ יִּ ְפ ְר‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 8:25

‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִליכוּ‬

Four times plene

Com.: See Josh 8:29.

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

JUDGES 8:26 ‫וּבגְ ֵ ֣די‬ ִ ‫ן־ה ַשּׂ ֲהר ֨ ִֹנים וְ ַהנְּ ִט ֜פוֹת‬ ַ ‫ע־מ ֖אוֹת זָ ָ ֑הב ֠ ְל ַבד ִמ‬ ֵ ‫וּשׁ ַב‬ ְ ‫שׁר ָשׁ ָ֔אל ֶ ֥א ֶלף‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ִמ ְשׁ ַ ֞קל נִ זְ ֵ ֤מי ַהזָּ ָה ֙ב ֲא‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ארי גְ ַמ ֵלּ‬ ֥ ֵ ְ‫ן־ה ֲﬠנָ ֔קוֹת ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ַצוּ‬ ֣ ָ ‫וּל ַב ֙ד ִמ‬ ְ ‫ָה ַא ְרגָּ ָ֗מן ֶשׁ ַﬠל֙ ַמ ְל ֵכ֣י ִמ ְד ָ֔ין‬ 8:26

‫ָשׁ ָאל‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Josh 19:50; Judg 8:26; 1 Chr 4:10 ——————————

‫ ָשׁ ָאל‬three times with qameṣ, and their references Josh 19:50 Judg 8:26 1 Chr 4:10

‫תמנת‬ ‫נזמי‬ ‫יעבץ‬

‫קמ וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫שאל ̇ג‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written with a qameṣ under the ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences with a paṯaḥ under the ‫)שׁאַל( א‬. ָ 8:26

‫ַה ַשּׂ ֲהר ֹנִ ים‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 8:21.

JUDGES 8:26

‫וְ ַהנְּ ִטפוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

157

Mp

Judg 8:26 (‫ ;*)וְ ַהנְּ ִטיפוֹת‬Isa 3:19 (‫*)הנְּ ִטפוֹת‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫ י‬and with a ‫ ו‬cj.(here), and one written defective ‫ י‬without a ‫ ו‬cj. (Isa 3:19).

* ML, contrary to M (‫)וְ ַהנְּ ִטיפוֹת‬, writes the form here defective ‫ ;וְ ַהנְּ ִטפוֹת י‬see Breuer, ַ writes the form The Biblical Text, 60. On the other hand, ML, contrary to M (‫)הנְּ ִטפוֹת‬, at Isa 3:19 plene ‫)הנְּ ִטיפוֹת( י‬. ַ

MA reads the text here ‫ וְ ַהנְּ ִטיפוֹת‬and has a Mp note twice, once plene and once defective (‫)י‬. MC likewise reads the text here ‫וְ ַהנְּ ִטיפוֹת‬, but its Mp note reads twice and plene (‫)י‬, notwithstanding the fact that it writes the lemma defective at Isa 3:19, and has a note there unique defective. 8:26

‫אַרגָּ ָמן‬ ְ ‫וּבגְ ֵדי ָה‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 8:26

Unique

‫וּל ַבד‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (17x) without a cj., one of which is in this very verse. 8:26

Unique

‫ָה ֲﬠנָ קוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

158

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 8:27 ‫ירוֹ ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָ ֔רה וַ יִּ זְ נ֧ וּ ָ ֽכל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ַא ֲח ָ ֖ריו ָ ֑שׁם וַ יְ ִ ֛הי ְלגִ ְד ֥ﬠוֹן‬ ֙ ‫אוֹתוֹ ְב ִﬠ‬ ֤ ‫אוֹתוֹ גִ ְד ֜עוֹן ְל ֵא ֗פוֹד וַ יַּ ֵ֨צּג‬ ֨ ֩‫וַ יַּ ַﬠשׂ‬ ‫יתוֹ ְלמוֹ ֵ ֽ קשׁ׃‬ ֖ ‫וּל ֵב‬ ְ 8:27

‫ְל ֵאפוֹד‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that begin with ‫ ְ;ל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §27, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §28. 8:27

‫וַ יַּ ֵצּג‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 30:38; Judg 8:27

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma. The Mp heading at Gen 30:38 correctly reads twice, and adds the catchwords ‫אותו‬ ‫ )אוֹתוֹ ְב ִﬠירוֹ( בעירו‬referring the reader back to this verse.

MA correctly reads here twice, and adds catchwords referring the reader to Gen 30:28. MC has no note here. 8:27

‫ְלגִ ְדעוֹן‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur four times, three times with a preceding ‫( ו‬see Judg 7:18), and once without it (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §16, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §17.

JUDGES 8:28 ‫ימי גִ ְד ֽﬠוֹן׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫אשׁם וַ ִתּ ְשׁ ֥קֹט ָה ָ ֛א ֶרץ ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים ָשׁ ָנ֖ה ִבּ‬ ֑ ָ ֹ ‫שׂאת ר‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יִּ ָכּ ַנ֣ע ִמ ְד ָ֗ין ִל ְפנֵ ֙י ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ְס ֖פוּ ָל‬ ‫פ‬ 8:28

‫וַ יִּ ָכּנַ ע‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 8:28; 2 Chr 32:26; 33:12

JUDGES

159

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the hiphil (‫ )וַ יַּ ְכנַ ע‬at Judg 4:23 and Ps 107:12. 8:28

‫וְ לֹא יָ ְספוּ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 8:28; 1 Sam 7:13; 2 Sam 2:28; 2 Kgs 6:23

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫ס‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ under the ‫ )וְ לֹא יָ ָספוּ( ס‬at Num 11:25.

JUDGES 8:30 ‫וּלגִ ְד ֗עוֹן ָה ֙יוּ ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ָבּ ִ֔נים י ְֹצ ֵ ֖אי יְ ֵר ֑כוֹ ִ ֽכּי־נָ ִ ֥שׁים ַר ֖בּוֹת ָ ֥היוּ ֽלוֹ׃‬ ְ 8:30

‫וּלגִ ְדעוֹן‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Judg 7:18.

Mp

JUDGES 8:31 ‫ימ ֶל�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ת־שׁ ֖מוֹ ֲא ִב‬ ְ ‫ם־היא ֵ ֑בּן וַ יָּ ֶ֥שׂם ֶא‬ ֖ ִ ַ‫שׁר ִבּ ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ָי ְֽל ָדה־לּ֥ וֹ ג‬ ֣ ֶ ‫שׁוֹ ֲא‬ ֙ ְ‫וּפ ַילג‬ ִֽ 8:31

‫וּפ ַילגְ שׁוֹ‬ ִ

Twice at the beginning of a verse

‫פס‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 22:24; Judg 8:31

——————————

‫וּפ ַילגְ שׁוֹ‬ ִ twice at the beginning of a verse, and their references Gen 22:24 Judg 8:31

‫ופילגשו ושמה ראומה‬ ‫בשכם ילדה לו גם היא‬

‫ופילגשו ̇ב ראש פסוק וסימנהון‬

Mm

160

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the middle of a verse at Judg 19:9 and 19:10.

Normally such a note indicates the presence or absence of a ‫ ו‬cj. at the beginning of a verse, but there are no examples of ‫ ִפּ ַילגְ שׁוֹ‬at the beginning of a verse.

JUDGES 8:32 ‫יוֹאשׁ ָא ִ֔ביו ְבּ ָﬠ ְפ ָ ֖רה ֲא ִ ֥בי ָ ֽה ֶﬠזְ ִ ֽרי׃ פ‬ ֣ ָ ‫טוֹבה וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ֗בר ְבּ ֶ ֨ק ֶב ֙ר‬ ֑ ָ ‫יבה‬ ֣ ָ ‫ן־יוֹאשׁ ְבּ ֵשׂ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֛מת גִּ ְד ֥ﬠוֹן ֶבּ‬ 8:32 Unique

‫וַ יָּ ָמת גִּ ְדעוֹן‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the impf. and ‫ו‬ consec., to distinguish it from its occurrence with the perf. (‫ ) ֵמת גִּ ְדעוֹן‬in the following verse. 8:32

‫טוֹבה‬ ָ ‫ְבּ ֵשׂ ָיבה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 15:15; 25:8; Judg 8:32; 1 Chr 29:28 ——————————

‫טוֹבה‬ ָ ‫ ְבּ ֵשׂ ָיבה‬four times, and their references

Gen 15:15 Gen 25:8 Judg 8:32 1 Chr 29:28

‫בשיבה טובה ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ואתה תבוא אל אבתיך‬ ‫ויגוע וימת אברהם‬ ‫וימת גדעון בן יואש‬ ‫וימת בשיבה טובה שבע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫ ְבּ ֵשׂ ָיבה‬with ‫טוֹבה‬, ָ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without ‫טוֹבה‬ ָ at Ps 92:15.

The Mp heading at Gen 25:8 mistakenly reads five times, but the Mm there correctly reads four times, as do the other three Mp headings highlighted above.

JUDGES 8:32

‫ָה ֶﬠזְ ִרי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Judg 6:11; 6:24; 8:32

161

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its four occurrences without it.

JUDGES 8:33 ‫א�הים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫וּבוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וַ יִּ זְ נ֖ וּ ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ַה ְבּ ָﬠ ִ ֑לים וַ יָּ ִ ֧שׂימוּ ָל ֶ ֛הם ַ ֥בּ ַﬠל ְבּ ִ ֖רית ֵל‬ ֙ ‫וַ יְ ִ֗הי ַ ֽכּ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ֵ ֣מת גִּ ְד ֔עוֹן וַ יָּ ֨שׁ‬ 8:33

‫וַ יָּ שׁוּבוּ‬

Six times plene

1–5 6

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Judg 8:33; 21:23; 1 Kgs 22:33; 2 Kgs 1:5; Jer 34:11 Zech 1:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (26x) in the Prophets written defective ‫)וַ יָּ ֻשׁבוּ( ו‬. That this lemma is limited to the Prophets is clear from the Mp headings at Judg 21:23, 1 Kgs 22:33 and Zech 1:6, all of which read six times plene in the Prophets.

The heading at Jer 34:11 of unique plene in the Prophets should be unique plene in the book, since this is the only occurrence of this lemma in Jeremiah.

JUDGES 8:34 ‫יהם ִמ ָסּ ִ ֽביב׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫אוֹתם ִמ ַיּ֥ד ָכּל־א ֵֹיְב‬ ֛ ָ ‫יהם ַה ַמּ ִ ֥צּיל‬ ֑ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫הו֖ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫רוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֶאת־י‬ ֙ ‫וְ ֤ל ֹא ָז ְֽכ‬ 8:34

‫וְ לֹא זָ ְכרוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 8:34; Amos 1:9; Neh 9:17 ——————————

162

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ לֹא זָ ְכרוּ‬three times, and their references

Judg 8:34 Amos 1:9 Neh 9:17

‫ולא זכרו ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫המציל‬ ‫ברית‬ ‫נפלאתיך‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a cj. at Ps 78:42 and Ps 106:7. 8:34

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ִמיַּ ד ָכּל־א ֵֹיְב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 8:34; 2 Sam 3:18 (‫)וּמיַּ ד‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without ‫ ָכּל‬at Judg 2:18.

The Mp heading at 2 Sam 3:18 reads unique reflecting the sole occurrence there of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj.

ֶ ‫ ָכּל־א ֵֹיְב‬but, since this phrase occurs In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫יהם‬ three times, it is most likely that, as in MA, the note belongs with the preceding word as well since the wider phrase ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ִמיַּ ד ָכּל־א ֵֹיְב‬only occurs twice. MC has no note here.

JUDGES 8:35 ‫טּוֹבה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ִﬠם־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ָ֔ ‫ל־ה‬ ַ ‫ם־בּית יְ ֻר ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל גִּ ְד ֑ﬠוֹן ְכּ ָכ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫א־ﬠ ֣שׂוּ ֶ֔ח ֶסד ִﬠ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ֽל‬ 8:35 Five times 1–5

‫א־ﬠשׂוּ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Exod 1:17; Judg 8:35; 2 Kgs 18:12; Jer 11:8; 2 Chr 21:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) of this form written without a cj.

JUDGES

163

JUDGES 9:1 ‫ית־א ִ ֥בי ִא ֖מּוֹ‬ ֲ ‫ל־מ ְשׁ ַ ֛פּ ַחת ֵבּ‬ ִ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫יהם וְ ֶא‬ ֶ֔ ‫ל־א ֵ ֖חי ִא ֑מּוֹ וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֲא ֵל‬ ֲ ‫ימ ֶל� ֶבּן־יְ ֻר ַ֨בּ ַﬠל֙ ְשׁ ֶ֔כ ָמה ֶא‬ ֤ ֶ ‫וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶל� ֲא ִב‬ ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ֵלא‬ 9:1

‫ְשׁ ֶכ ָמה‬

Six times 1–5 6

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Gen 37:14; Josh 24:1; Judg 9:1; 9:31; 21:19 2 Chr 10:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (50x) without this adverbial form (‫)שׁ ֶכם‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the Mm of Judg 9:31 in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 10:1 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage ְ in 1 Kgs 12:1, where the lemma occurs as ‫שׁ ֶכם‬. 9:1

‫ל־כּל‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice in the book

Mp

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 2:4.

JUDGES 9:2 ‫ם־מ ֥שׁ ֹל‬ ְ ‫ם ַה ְמ ֨שׁ ֹל ָבּ ֶ֜כם ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ִ֗אישׁ ֚כֹּל ְבּ ֵנ֣י יְ ֻר ַ֔בּ ַﬠל ִא‬ ֒ ‫ה־טּוֹב ָל ֶכ‬ ֣ ‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ְשׁ ֶכ ֮ם ַמ‬ ַ ‫רוּ־נא ְבּ ָאזְ ֨ ֵני ָכ‬ ָ ֞ ‫ַדּ ְבּ‬ ‫וּב ַשׂ ְר ֶכ֖ם ָא ִנֽי׃‬ ְ ‫י־ﬠ ְצ ֵמ ֶ ֥כם‬ ַ ‫ָבּ ֶכ֖ם ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא ָ ֑חד וּזְ ַכ ְר ֶ֕תּם ִ ֽכּ‬ 9:2

‫ְבּ ָאזְ נֵ י‬

Thirty-seven times

Com.: See Josh 20:4.

̇‫̇לז‬

Mp

164 9:2 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַה ְמשׁ ֹל‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with different hierarchial vowels, in the list termed milʿêl and milraʿ; see Yeivin, Introduction, §132, p. 103. In this connection, the higher vowel, the milʿêl, is the vowel ḥolem, and the lower vowel, the milraʿ, is the vowel ṣerê. Thus ‫( ַה ְמשׁ ֹל‬here) with the ḥolem is milʿêl; but ‫( ַה ְמ ֵשׁל‬Job 25:2) with the ṣerê is milraʿ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §5, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §5. 9:2

Unique

‫וּב ַשׂ ְר ֶכם‬ ְ ‫ַﬠ ְצ ֵמ ֶכם‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 9:3 ‫ימ ֶל� ִ ֥כּי‬ ֶ֔ ‫ל־ה ְדּ ָב ִ ֖רים ָה ֵ ֑א ֶלּה וַ ֵיּ֤ט ִל ָבּ ֙ם ַא ֲח ֵ ֣רי ֲא ִב‬ ַ ‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ֵ ֥את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫י־א ֜מּוֹ ָﬠ ֗ ָליו ְבּ ָאזְ נֵ ֙י ָכּ‬ ִ ‫וַ יְ ַד ְבּ ֨רוּ ֲא ֵ ֽח‬ ‫ָא ְמ ֖רוּ ָא ִ ֥חינוּ ֽהוּא׃‬ 9:3

‫ְבּ ָאזְ נֵ י‬

Thirty-seven times

Com.: See Josh 20:4. 9:3

‫ל־ה ְדּ ָב ִרים ָה ֵא ֶלּה‬ ַ ‫ֵאת ָכּ‬

Thirteen times

1–5 6–10 11–12 16–20 20–25

Mp

̇‫̇לז‬

‫י̇ ̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 20:8; 29:13; Exod. 19:7; 20:1; Num 16:31 Deut 12:28; 32:45; Judg 9:3; 1 Sam 19:7; 2 Sam 13:21 2 Sam 14:19;1 Kgs 18:36; Jer 7:27; 11:6; 16:10 Jer 25:30; 26:15; 34:6; 36:16; 36:17 Jer 36:18; 36:24; 43:1; 51:60; 51:61

Com.: The Masorah note here is in error since there are twenty-five occurrences of this lemma. The number thirteen refers to the number of occurrences of this phrase without ‫ ; ָה ֵא ֶלּה‬see the Mm at Lev 8:36 and Deut 1:18. The error no doubt was occasioned by the fact that in ML there are circelli only on the words ‫ל־ה ְדּ ָב ִרים‬ ַ ‫ֵאת ָכּ‬ instead of on the full phrase ‫ל־ה ְדּ ָב ִרים ָה ֵא ֶלּה‬ ַ ‫את ָכּ‬. ֵ

JUDGES

165

The Mp heading at Deut 32:45 reads seven times in the Torah and correctly enumerates the seven occurrences in the Torah. Neither MC or MA has a note here.

JUDGES 9:4 ‫יק ֙ים וּ ֹ֣פ ֲח ִ֔זים וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ‬ ִ ‫ימ ֶל� ֲאנָ ִ ֤שׁים ֵר‬ ֶ֗ ‫נוּ־לוֹ ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ֶ֔כּ ֶסף ִמ ֵ ֖בּית ַבּ ַ֣ﬠל ְבּ ִ ֑רית וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֨כֹּר ָבּ ֶ֜הם ֲא ִב‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְתּ‬ ‫ַא ֲח ָ ֽריו׃‬ 9:4 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְשׂכֹּר ָבּ ֶהם‬ ‫̊ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יִּ ְשׂכֹּר‬with ‫בּ ֶהם‬,ָ to distinguish it from its occurrence with ‫ )וַ יִּ ְשׂכֹּר ָﬠ ָליו( ָﬠ ָליו‬at Neh 13:2. In ML only the very tip of the ‫ ל‬is visible in the ms. 9:4

Unique

‫וּפ ֲֹחזִ ים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Zeph 3:4.

JUDGES 9:5 ‫יוֹתם ֶבּן־‬ ֧ ָ ‫ל־א ֶבן ֶא ָ ֑חת וַ יִּ וָּ ֵ֞תר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־א ָ ֧חיו ְבּ ֵנֽי־יְ ֻר ַ ֛בּ ַﬠל ִשׁ ְב ִ ֥ﬠים ִ ֖אישׁ ַﬠ‬ ֶ ‫ית־א ִב ֙יו ָﬠ ְפ ָ ֔ר ָתה ַוֽ יַּ ֲה ֞ר ֹג ֶא‬ ָ ‫יָּב ֹא ֵב‬ ֤ ַ‫ו‬ ‫יְ ֻר ַ ֛בּ ַﬠל ַה ָקּ ֖טֹן ִ ֥כּי נֶ ְח ָ ֽבּא׃ ס‬ 9:5 Unique

‫ָﬠ ְפ ָר ָתה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences without this adverbial ending (‫)ﬠ ְפ ָרה‬ ָ at 1 Sam 13:17 and 1 Chr 4:14.

166

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 9:6 ‫ם־אל֥ וֹן ֻמ ָ ֖צּב ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ֵ ‫ימ ֶל� ְל ֶ ֑מ ֶל� ִﬠ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ל־בּ֣ית ִמ ֔לּוֹא וַ ֵיּ ְ֣ל ֔כוּ וַ יַּ ְמ ִ ֥ליכוּ ֶא‬ ֵ ‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵל֤י ְשׁ ֶכ ֙ם וְ ָכ‬ ַ ‫וַ יֵּ ָ֨א ְס ֜פוּ ָכּ‬ ‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ 9:6

‫וַ יֵּ ָא ְספוּ‬

Twelve times

1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 32:26; Josh 10:5; Judg 9:6; 10:17; 20:14 1 Sam 17:1; 2 Sam 10:15; 23:11; Ezra 3:1; Neh 8:1 Neh 12:28; 2 Chr 30:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its four occurrences without this ‫)יֵ ָא ְספוּ( ו‬.

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 30:13 mistakenly reads fourteen times. Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.) suggest that this note belongs in the previous verse on the word ‫וְ ַה ָשּׂ ִרים‬, which does occur fourteen times. 9:6

‫ל־בּית‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָכ‬

‫ל־בּית‬ ֵ ‫ וְ ָכ‬twelve times

1–5

6–10

11–12

Judg 9:6 Judg 16:31 1 Sam 22:1 1 Sam 22:16 2 Sam 6:5 2 Sam 6:15 1 Kgs 4:12 Jer 52:9 Ezek 11:15 Ezek 37:16 Ezek 12:10

‫וכל בית י̇ ̇ב‬

Mm ‫מלוא‬ ‫אביהו‬ ‫וימלט‬ ‫ויאמר המלך‬ [‫)משחיקים( ]משחקים‬ ‫מעלים‬ ‫בענא בן אחילוד‬ ‫כי כל הגוים‬ ‫אחיך אחיך‬ ‫חבריו‬ ‫הנשיא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (34x) without a cj.

JUDGES 9:6

‫ֵאלוֹן‬

Three times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

167

Mp

Josh 19:33 (‫;)מ ֵאלוֹן‬ ֵ Judg 4:11; 9:6; 9:37; 1 Sam 10:3

——————————

‫ ֵאלוֹן‬three times, and defective in the Prophets Judg 9:6 Judg 9:37 1 Sam 10:3

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫אלון ̇ג‬

Mm

‫עם אלון מצב‬ ‫וראש אחד בא‬ ‫)והלכת( ]וחלפת[ משם והלאה ובאת עד אלון‬

Com.: The heading of the Mp here of three times is incorrect, as are the heading and list in the Mm, since there are five occurrences of this lemma. The correct enumeration is found in the Mp headings of Josh 19:33 and 1 Sam 10:3. The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms in the Prophets written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in various forms in the Prophets written plene ‫וְ ֵאילוֹן( י‬/‫) ֵאילוֹן‬.

Since there are other occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets written plene ‫י‬, the Mm heading is also incorrect in writing and defective in the Prophets with its implication that there are only defective forms in the Prophets. It should read simply defective in the Prophets. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 9:6

‫ֻמ ָצּב‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 28:12; Judg 9:6; Isa 29:3 ——————————

‫ ֻמ ָצּב‬three times, and defective Gen 28:12 Judg 9:6 Isa 29:3

‫והנה סלם מצב‬ ‫עם אלון מצב‬ ‫והקימתי עליך‬

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫מצב ̇ג‬

Mm

168

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs three times and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

The Mm at Isa 29:3 is given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic “the ladder of Shechem is raised”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 89.

The Mp heading at Gen 28:12 mistakenly reads twice. For some suggestions as to how this problem might be resolved, see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

JUDGES 9:7 ‫אמר ָל ֶ֗הם ִשׁ ְמ ֤ﬠוּ ֵא ַ ֙לי ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ְשׁ ֶ֔כם‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יוֹתם וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶל ֙� ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠמ ֹ֙ד ְבּ ֣ר ֹאשׁ ַהר־גְּ ִר ִ֔זים וַ יִּ ָ ֥שּׂא קוֹל֖ וֹ וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֑רא וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ֗ ‫וַ יַּ ִגּ֣דוּ ְל‬ ‫�הים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫וְ יִ ְשׁ ַ ֥מע ֲא ֵל ֶיכ֖ם ֱא‬ 9:7

‫וְ יִ ְשׁ ַמע‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 9:7; Isa 42:23; Jer 23:18 ——————————

‫ וְ יִ ְשׁ ַמע‬three times, and their references Judg 9:7 Isa 42:23 Jer 23:18

‫וישמע ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫אליכם‬ [‫)יקשיב( ]יקשב‬ ‫וירא וישמע‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (88x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §12E.

JUDGES 9:8 ‫וכה ָﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ֥ ָ ‫אמ ֥רוּ ַל ַזּ֖ יִת ָמ ְל‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם ֶ ֑מ ֶל� וַ יּ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫כוּ ָה ֵﬠ ִ֔צים ִל ְמ ֥שׁ ֹ ַ� ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֙ ‫ָהל֤ וֹ� ָ ֽה ְל‬ 9:8

‫וכה‬ ָ ‫ָמ ְל‬

Read ‫ָמ ְל ָכה‬

‫מלכה קרי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫מלוכה‬, rule) represents an older form of the imper. with cohortative ‫ה‬, whereas the qərê (‫)מ ְל ָכה‬ ָ has the later form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 107.

JUDGES

169

JUDGES 9:9 ‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִ ֽצים׃‬ ָ ‫�הים וַ ֲאנָ ִ ֑שׁים וְ ָ ֣ה ַל ְכ ִ֔תּי ָלנ֖ ַוּ� ַﬠ‬ ֖ ִ ‫יְכ ְבּ ֥דוּ ֱא‬ ַ ‫ר־בּי‬ ֛ ִ ‫ת־דּ ְשׁ ִ֔ני ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ִ ‫תּי ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ַה ַ֔זּיִת ֶה ֳח ַ ֨ד ְל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 9:9

‫ִדּ ְשׁנִ י‬

Unique 9:9

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫יְ ַכ ְבּדוּ ֱא‬

Unique 9:9

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ ֲאנָ ִשׁים‬

Ten times

̇‫י‬

Mp

1–5 6–10

Num 16:2; Judg 9:9; 9:13; 1 Sam 22:6; 1 Kgs 11:17 Jer 26:22; Ezek 23:45; Qoh 9:14; Neh 1:2; 2:12

9:9

�‫נוּ‬ ַ ‫ָל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma, which is indef., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) of the def. noun (‫)וְ ָה ֲאנָ ִשׁים‬.

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 9:9; 9:11; 9:13; Jer 14:10

JUDGES 9:10 ‫י־א ְתּ ָמ ְל ִ ֥כי ָﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ֖ ַ ‫אמ ֥רוּ ָה ֵﬠ ִ ֖צים ַל ְתּ ֵא ָנ֑ה ְל ִכ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 9:10

‫ָמ ְל ִכי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:10; 9:12 (qərê)

JUDGES 9:11 ‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִ ֽצים׃‬ ָ ‫טּוֹבה וְ ָ ֣ה ַל ְכ ִ֔תּי ָלנ֖ ַוּ� ַﬠ‬ ֑ ָ ‫נוּב ִ ֖תי ַה‬ ָ ‫ת־תּ‬ ְ ‫ת־מ ְת ִ֔קי וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫תּי ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ַה ְתּ ֵא ָ֔נה ֶה ֳח ַ ֨ד ְל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤תּ‬ 9:11 Unique

‫ָמ ְת ִקי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

170

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena arranged alphabetically, one of which occurs in the Torah (‫מ ְק ָדּ ַשׁי‬, ִ Lev 21:23), one in the Prophets (‫מ ְת ִקי‬, ָ here), and one in the Writings (‫מ ְתקוּ‬, ָ Job 21:33); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §57, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §58. 9:11

�‫נוּ‬ ַ ‫ָל‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 9:9; 9:11; 9:13; Jer 14:10

JUDGES 9:12 ‫וכי ָﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫י־א ְתּ ָמ ְל‬ ֖ ַ ‫אמ ֥רוּ ָה ֵﬠ ִ ֖צים ַל ָגּ ֶ֑פן ְל ִכ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 9:12

‫ַלגָּ ֶפן‬

Unique with qameṣ

‫֗ ָל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ג‬, to distinguish it from its other occurrence with a səḡôl (‫)לגֶּ ֶפן‬ ַ at Gen 49:11.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that begin with ‫ ל‬and a vowel; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §28, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §29. 9:12

‫וכי‬ ִ ‫ָמ ְל‬

Read ‫ָמ ְל ִכי‬

‫מלכי ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫מלוכי‬, rule) represents an older form of the imper., whereas the qərê (‫)מ ְל ִכי‬ ָ has the later form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 107. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 9:13 ‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִ ֽצים׃‬ ָ ‫�הים וַ ֲאנָ ִ ֑שׁים וְ ָ ֣ה ַל ְכ ִ֔תּי ָלנ֖ ַוּ� ַﬠ‬ ֖ ִ ‫ירוֹשׁי ַ ֽה ְמ ַשׂ ֵ ֥מּ ַ� ֱא‬ ִ֔ ‫ת־תּ‬ ֣ ִ ‫תּי ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ַה ֔ ֶגּ ֶפן ֶה ֳח ַ ֨ד ְל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤תּ‬ 9:13 Unique

�ַ ‫ַה ְמ ַשׂ ֵמּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

171

JUDGES 9:14 ‫�־ﬠ ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ָא ָ ֑טד ֵ ֥ל� ַא ָ ֖תּה ְמ ָל‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִ ֖צים ֶא‬ ָ ‫אמ ֥רוּ ָכ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 9:14

‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִצים‬ ָ ‫ָכ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ָה ֵﬠ ִצים‬with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (30x ) without ‫כּל‬,ָ seven of which occur in this chapter in vv. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15.

JUDGES 9:15 ‫ם־איִ ן‬ ַ֕ ‫יכם ֖בֹּאוּ ֲח ֣סוּ ְב ִצ ִ ֑לּי וְ ִא‬ ֶ֔ ‫ם ִ֡אם ֶבּ ֱא ֶ ֣מת ַא ֶתּ ֩ם מ ְֹשׁ ִ֨חים א ִ ֹ֤תי ְל ֶ֨מ ֶל ֙� ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֒ ‫ל־ה ֵﬠ ִצי‬ ָ ‫אמר ָה ָא ָט ֮ד ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ת־א ְר ֵז֥י ַה ְלּ ָבנֽ וֹן׃‬ ַ ‫אכ֖ל ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫ן־ה ָא ָ֔טד וְ ת‬ ֣ ָ ‫ֵ ֤תּ ֵצא ֵא ֙שׁ ִמ‬ 9:15

‫א ִֹתי‬

Unique defective in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the book written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) in the book written plene ‫;)אוֹתי( ו‬ ִ see the Mm at Deut 32:51 sub ‫אוֹתי‬. ִ

JUDGES 9:16 ‫ית ֙ם ִﬠם־יְ ֻר ַבּ ַ֣ﬠל וְ ִﬠם־‬ ֶ ‫ם־טוֹבה ֲﬠ ִשׂ‬ ָ֤ ‫ימ ֶל� וְ ִא‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫יתם וַ ַתּ ְמ ִ ֖ליכוּ ֶא‬ ֶ֔ ‫וּב ָת ִמ ֙ים ֲﬠ ִשׂ‬ ְ ‫ם־בּ ֱא ֶ ֤מת‬ ֶ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ִא‬ ‫יתם ֽלוֹ׃‬ ֶ ‫ם־כּגְ ֥מוּל יָ ָ ֖דיו ֲﬠ ִ ֥שׂ‬ ִ ‫יתוֹ וְ ִא‬ ֔ ‫ֵבּ‬ 9:16

‫ם־טוֹבה‬ ָ ‫וְ ִא‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

9:16

‫ִכּגְ מוּל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 9:16; 2 Chr 32:25 (‫)כגְ ֻמל‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in various forms with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without this preposition.

172

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 9:17 ‫שׁוֹ ִמ ֔ ֶנּגֶ ד וַ יַּ ֵ ֥צּל ֶא ְת ֶכ֖ם ִמיַּ ֥ד ִמ ְד ָיֽ ן׃‬ ֙ ‫ֲא ֶשׁר־נִ ְל ַ ֥חם ָא ִ ֖בי ֲﬠ ֵל ֶיכ֑ם וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵל֤� ֶאת־נַ ְפ‬ 9:17

‫נִ ְל ַחם‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Num 21:26; Judg 9:17; 11:25; 2 Sam 8:10; 1 Kgs 14:19 2 Kgs 13:12; 14:15; Isa 30:32; 63:10; 1 Chr 18:10 2 Chr 20:29; 27:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ (perf.), to distinguish them from its occurrences (11x) with a qameṣ (‫נִ ְל ָחם‬, ptcp.); see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §182A. This distinction is implied in the Mm lists of 2 Sam 8:10 and 2 Kgs 14:15, where there is an additional notation of the first occurrence of a catchword in the 1 Kgs 14:19 reference, to distinguish this reference from its second occurrence of this catchword in 2 Kgs 14:28, where the lemma appears as ‫נִ ְל ָחם‬.

JUDGES 9:18 ‫ל־א ֶבן ֶא ָ ֑חת וַ ַתּ ְמ ֜ ִליכוּ ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ת־בּ ָנ֛יו ִשׁ ְב ִ ֥ﬠים ִ ֖אישׁ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ל־בּ֤ית ָא ִ ֙בי ַהיּ֔ וֹם וַ ַתּ ַה ְרג֧ וּ ֶא‬ ֵ ‫וְ ַא ֶ֞תּם ַק ְמ ֶ֨תּם ַﬠ‬ ‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ִ ֥כּי ֲא ִח ֶיכ֖ם ֽהוּא׃‬ ַ ‫תוֹ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫ן־א ָמ‬ ֲ ‫ימ ֶל� ֶבּ‬ ֤ ֶ ‫ֲא ִב‬ 9:18

‫אַתּם‬ ֶ֞ ְ‫ו‬

Seven times with the accent (geršayim) 1–4

‫בטע‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Josh 18:6; Judg 9:18; Ezek 36:8; Neh 13:18

——————————

‫אַתּם‬ ֶ֞ ְ‫ ו‬four times with the accent (geršayim) Judg 9:18 Ezek 36:8 Josh 18:6 Neh 13:18

(= (= (= (=

‫)ק ְמ ֶתּם‬ ַ ‫)יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ ‫)תּ ְכ ְתּבוּ‬ ִ ‫)ה ַשּׁ ָבּת‬ ַ

‫קמון‬ ‫ישראל‬ ‫וכתבון‬ ‫בשיבתה‬

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫ואתם ̇ד‬

Mm

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven times with the accent is incorrect since there are only four occurrences of this lemma. The correct number is given in the Mm here, and in the three other Mp headings highlighted above.

JUDGES

173

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the accent geršayim, to distinguish them from occurrences with other accents. The catchwords are given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic: “Israel rose up and wrote on the Sabbath”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 62–63.

Both MC and MA correctly read here four times with the accent. 9:18

Unique

‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵלי‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵלי‬ ַ ‫ )וְ ַﬠ‬in v. 24.

JUDGES 9:19 ‫ם־הוּא‬ ֖ ַ‫ימ ֶל� וְ יִ ְשׂ ַ ֥מח גּ‬ ֶ֔ ‫חוּ ַבּ ֲא ִב‬ ֙ ‫יתוֹ ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֑ה ִשׂ ְמ‬ ֖ ‫ם־בּ‬ ֵ ‫יתם ִﬠם־יְ ֻר ַ ֥בּ ַﬠל וְ ִﬠ‬ ֛ ֶ ‫וּב ָת ִ ֧מים ֲﬠ ִשׂ‬ ְ ‫ם־בּ ֱא ֶ֨מת‬ ֶ ‫וְ ִא‬ ‫ָבּ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ 9:19 Unique

‫וְ יִ ְשׂ ַמח‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its occurrence with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ )וַ יִּ ְשׂ ַמח‬at Judg 19:3.

JUDGES 9:20 ‫ת־בּ֣ית ִמלּ֑ וֹא וְ ֵת ֵ֨צא ֵ֜אשׁ ִמ ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֤י ְשׁ ֶכ ֙ם‬ ֵ ‫ת־בּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥לי ְשׁ ֶכ֖ם וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫אכ֛ל ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫ימ ֶל� וְ ת‬ ֶ֔ ‫ם־איִ ן ֵ ֤תּ ֵצא ֵא ֙שׁ ֵמ ֲא ִב‬ ַ֕ ‫וְ ִא‬ ‫ימ ֶל�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫אכ֖ל ֶא‬ ַ ֹ ‫וּמ ֵבּ֣ית ִמ ֔לּוֹא וְ ת‬ ִ 9:20 Six times 1–5 6

‫אכל‬ ַ ֹ ‫וְ ת‬1 ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Judg 9:15; 9:20a; 9:20b; 2 Kgs 1:10; 1:12 Zech 11:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (21x) written with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫אכל‬ ַ ֹ ‫)וַ תּ‬. This distinction is implied in the heading of the Mm at Zech 11:1, which reads seven times raṕê, that is, seven times without daḡeš.

174 9:20

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫אכל‬ ַ ֹ ‫וְ ת‬2

Six times

̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above.

JUDGES 9:21 ‫ימ ֶל� ָא ִ ֽחיו׃ פ‬ ֥ ֶ ‫יִּב ַ ֖רח וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ְבּ ֵ ֑א ָרה וַ יֵּ ֶ֣שׁב ָ֔שׁם ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֖י ֲא ִב‬ ְ ַ‫יוֹתם ו‬ ָ֔ ‫וַ ָיּ֣נָ ס‬ 9:21

‫ְבּ ֵא ָרה‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Gen 46:1; Num 21:16; Judg 9:21; 1 Chr 5:6 —————————— ‫ ְבּ ֵא ָרה‬four times Num 21:16 Judg 9:21 Gen 46:1 1 Chr 5:6

‫בארה ̇ד‬

Mm

‫ומשם בארה הוא‬ ‫יות ̊ם ויברח‬ ̊ ‫וינ̊ ̊ס‬ ‫ויסע ישראל וכל אשר לו‬ ‫בארה בנו אשר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, three times as the name of a place (Beer) with a locative ‫ה‬, and once (1 Chr 5:6) as the name of a person (Beerah),

The Mp heading at 1 Chr 5:6 reads unique as the name of a person, whereas the heading to the Mm at 1 Chr 5:6 reads four times, three times as the name of a place, and once as the name of a person.

JUDGES 9:22 ‫ימ ֶל� ַﬠל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ָשׁ�֥ שׁ ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ ֛ ֶ ‫וַ ָיּ ַ֧שׂר ֲא ִב‬ 9:22

‫וַ יָּ ַשׂר‬

Three times written ‫שׂ‬

‫כת ̇ש‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Judg 9:22; Hos 12:5; 1 Chr 20:3

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written with a ‫שׂ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (22x) written with a ‫)וַ יָּ ַסר( ס‬.

JUDGES

175

JUDGES 9:23 ‫ימ ֶל�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫י־שׁ ֶכ֖ם ַבּ ֲא ִב‬ ְ ‫יִּבגְּ ֥דוּ ַב ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ְ ַ‫וּבין ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ְשׁ ֶכ֑ם ו‬ ֖ ֵ �‫ימ ֶל‬ ֶ֔ ‫�ה ֙ים ֣ר ַוּ� ָר ֔ ָﬠה ֵבּ֣ין ֲא ִב‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֤ח ֱא‬ 9:23

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַלח ֱא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This phrase is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that occur once with a def. article between them (1 Chr 21:15), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §3, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §3. 9:23

‫יִּבגְּ דוּ‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:23; Ps 78:57

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a ‫)יִבגְּ דוּ( ו‬ ְ at Isa 33:1.

JUDGES 9:24 ‫אוֹתם וְ ַﬠל֙ ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י‬ ָ֔ ‫שׁר ָה ַ ֣רג‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יה ֙ם ֲא‬ ֶ ‫ימ ֶל� ֲא ִח‬ ֤ ֶ ‫ל־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ָל ֕בוֹא ֲח ַ ֖מס ִשׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ְבּ ֵנֽי־יְ ֻר ָ ֑בּ ַﬠל וְ ָד ָ֗מם ָל ֞שׂוּם ַﬠ‬ ‫ת־א ָ ֽחיו׃‬ ֶ ‫ר־חזְּ ֥קוּ ֶאת־יָ ָ ֖דיו ַל ֲה ֥ר ֹג ֶא‬ ִ ‫ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 9:24 Unique

�‫ימ ֶל‬ ֶ ‫ל־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ַﬠ‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once preceded by the prep. ‫ ַ;ﬠל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §76, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §155. 9:24

Four times

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ֲא ִח‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 9:24; 2 Sam 3:30; Job 1:13; 1:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ḥîreq under the ‫ח‬ (sg.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (37x) with a ṣerê (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ֲא ֵח‬, pl.).

176

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Mp heading at Job 1:18 reads four times and once ‫ואחיהם‬, and this form is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ ו‬cj. and once (1 Chr 9:17) with a cj.; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. 9:24

‫ִחזְּ קוּ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 9:24; 2 Kgs 12:7; Jer 5:3; Ezra 1:6 —————————— ‫ ִחזְּ קוּ‬four times

‫חזקו ̇ד‬

Judg 9:24 Jer 5:3 2 Kgs 12:7 Ezra 1:6

Mm

‫אשר חזקו את ידיו‬ ‫חזקו פניהם מסלע‬ ‫לא חזקו הכהנים‬ ‫וכל )סביבותיהם( ]סביבתיהם[ חזקו בידיהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a daḡeš in the ‫( ז‬piel), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without this daḡeš (‫חזְ קוּ‬,ִ qal); see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §40C.

JUDGES 9:25 ‫יהם ַבּ ָ ֑דּ ֶר� וַ יֻּ ַגּ֖ד‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ל־א ֶשׁר־יַ ֲﬠ ֥בֹר ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֲ ‫אשׁי ֶה ָה ִ ֔רים וַ יִּ גְ זְ ֗לוּ ֵ ֛את ָכּ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֣שׂימוּ לוֹ֩ ַב ֲﬠ ֨ ֵלי ְשׁ ֶ֜כם ְמ ָא ְר ִ֗בים ַ ֚ﬠל ָר‬ ‫ימ ֶל�׃ פ‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ַל ֲא ִב‬ 9:25

‫וַ יֻּ גַּ ד‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 10:17.

Mp

JUDGES 9:26 ‫חוּ־בוֹ ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵ ֥לי ְשׁ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ֖ ‫יִּב ְט‬ ְ ַ‫ן־ﬠ ֶב ֙ד וְ ֶא ָ֔חיו וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֖רוּ ִבּ ְשׁ ֶכ֑ם ו‬ ֶ ֨ ‫יָּב ֹא ַגּ ַ֤ﬠל ֶבּ‬ ֞ ַ‫ו‬ 9:26 Unique

‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְברוּ ִבּ ְשׁ ֶכם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

177

JUDGES 9:27 ‫אכ ֙לוּ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֔תּוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם וַ ֽיּ‬ ֶ֔ ‫אוּ ֵבּ֣ית ֱ ֽא ֽ� ֵה‬ ֙ ֹ‫לּוּלים וַ יָּ ֨ב‬ ֑ ִ ‫יה ֙ם ַוֽ יִּ ְד ְר ֔כוּ ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֖שׂוּ ִה‬ ֶ ‫ת־כּ ְר ֵמ‬ ַ ‫ֽ יִּב ְצ ֤רוּ ֶא‬ ְ ‫וַ יֵּ ְצ ֨אוּ ַה ָשּׂ ֶ ֜דה ַו‬ ‫ימ ֶל�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ַוֽ יְ ַק ְלל֖ וּ ֶא‬ 9:27

‫יִּב ְצרוּ‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬

Unique 9:27

‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְד ְרכוּ‬

Unique 9:27

‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

‫לּוּלים‬ ִ ‫ִה‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Lev 19:24; Judg 9:27

—————————— ‫לּוּלים‬ ִ ‫ ִה‬twice

‫הלולים ̇ב‬

Lev 19;24 Judg 9:27

Mm

‫יהיה כל פריו‬ ‫ויבצרו את כרמיהם‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice plene (‫ )ו‬is not exact since there are no occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬. The more precise heading is given in the Mp heading at Lev 19:24, which reads twice and plene (‫ )ו‬correctly implying that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 9:28 ‫י־שׁ ֶכ ֙ם ִ ֣כּי נַ ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֔דנּוּ ֲה ֥ל ֹא ֶבן־יְ ֻר ַ ֖בּ ַﬠל וּזְ ֻב֣ל ְפּ ִק ֑ידוֹ ִﬠ ְב ֗דוּ ֶאת־‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ֽ ִ �‫ימ ֶל‬ ֤ ֶ ‫י־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ן־ﬠ ֶבד ִ ֽמ‬ ֶ ֗ ‫אמר ׀ ַגּ ַ֣ﬠל ֶבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫וּמ ֖דּ ַוּ� נַ ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֥דנּוּ ֲא ָנ ְֽחנוּ׃‬ ַ ‫מוֹר ֲא ִ ֣בי ְשׁ ֶ֔כם‬ ֙ ‫ַאנְ ֵ ֤שׁי ֲח‬ 9:28 Unique

‫וּזְ ֻבל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without a cj., five of which occur in this chapter in vv. 30, 36a, 36b, 38, and 41.

178

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

9:28

‫ְפּ ִקידוֹ‬

Unique 9:28

‫̇ל‬ �‫דּוּ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ַ

Ten times 1–5 6–10

̇‫י‬

Mp Mp

Num 12:8; 16:3; Judg 9:28; 11:7; 11:26 1 Sam 20:2; 2 Sam 18:11; 19:44; 1 Kgs 1:13; 2:43

——————————

�‫דּוּ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ten times, and their references 1–5

6–10

Num 12:8 Num 16:3 Judg 9:28 Judg 11:7 Judg 11:26 1 Sam 20:2 2 Sam 18:11 2 Sam 19:44 {2 Sam 18:11}

1 Kgs 2:43

‫ומדוע י̇ וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ומדוע לא יראתם‬ ‫תתנשאו על קהל‬ ‫נעבדנו‬ ‫באתם‬ ‫הצלתם‬ ‫יסתיר‬ ‫הכיתו‬ ‫הקלתני‬ {‫}הכיתו שם‬ ‫לא שמרת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (61x) without a cj. In the Mm, list two sets of catchwords have been given for the 2 Sam 18:11 reference, but none has been given for the 1 Kgs 1:13 reference.

JUDGES 9:29 ‫ימ ֶל� ַר ֶ ֥בּה ְצ ָב ֲא�֖ וָ ֵ ֽצ ָאה׃‬ ֶ֔ ‫אמ ֙ר ַל ֲא ִב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ימ ֶל� וַ ֨יּ‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫ת־ה ָ ֤ﬠם ַהזֶּ ֙ה ְבּיָ ִ ֔די וְ ָא ִ ֖ס ָירה ֶא‬ ָ ‫יִתּן ֶא‬ ֵ֜ ‫וּמי‬ ִ֨ 9:29

‫יִתּן‬ ֵ ‫וּמי‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 11:29; Judg 9:29

——————————

JUDGES ‫יִתּן‬ ֵ ‫וּמי‬ ִ twice

‫ומי יתן ̇ב‬

Num 11:2 Judg 9:29

179

Mm

‫כל עם יהוה נביאים‬ ‫ואסירה את‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) without a cj. The Mp heading at Num 11:29 adds catchwords ‫ת־ה ָﬠם ַהזֶּ ה( את העם הזה‬ ָ ‫ ) ֶא‬to refer the reader to this verse. 9:29

‫וְ ָא ִס ָירה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 9:29; 2 Sam 16:9; Isa 1:25

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its single occurrence without this cohortative ending (‫ )וְ ָא ִסיר‬at Isa 10:13. 9:29

Unique

‫ַר ֶבּה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena pairings from the same stem, one of which occurs in the Torah, one in the Prophets, and one in the Writings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §56, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §57. 9:29

Unique

�‫ְצ ָב ֲא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 9:31 ‫ן־ﬠ ֶ֤בד וְ ֶא ָח ֙יו ָבּ ִ ֣אים ְשׁ ֶ֔כ ָמה וְ ִה ָנּ֛ם ָצ ִ ֥רים‬ ֶ ‫מר ִהנֵּ ֩ה ֨ ַג ַﬠל ֶבּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ימ ֶל� ְבּ ָת ְר ָ ֣מה ֵלא‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ל־א ִב‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֧ח ַמ ְל ָא ִ ֛כים ֶא‬ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ָﬠ ֶ ֽלי�׃‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ 9:31 Unique

‫ְבּ ָת ְר ָמה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

180 9:31 Six times 1–5 6

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְשׁ ֶכ ָמה‬

Mp

̇‫ו‬

Gen 37:14; Josh 24:1; Judg 9:1; 9:31; 21:19 2 Chr 10:1

—————————— ‫ ְשׁ ֶכ ָמה‬six times 1–5

6

̇‫שכמה ו‬

Mm

Gen 37:14 Josh 24:1 Judg 9:31 Judg 9:1 Judg 21:19 ‫ ְר ַח ְב ָﬠם‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 10:1)

‫חברון‬ ‫יהושע‬ ‫געל בן עבד‬ ‫אבימלך‬ [‫)בשילה( ]בשלו‬ ‫רחבעם דדברי הימים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (50x) without this adverbial ending (‫)שׁ ֶכם‬. ְ

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 10:1 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 1 Kgs 12:1, where the lemma occurs as ‫שׁ ֶכם‬. ְ 9:31

Unique

‫וְ ִהנָּ ם ָצ ִרים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ָצ ִרים‬with ‫וְ ִהנָּ ם‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with ‫ )וְ ִהנֵּ ה ָצ ִרים( וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬at 2 Kgs. 6:25.

JUDGES 9:32 ‫ר־א ָ ֑תּ� וֶ ֱא ֖ר ֹב ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶ ֽדה׃‬ ִ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ֣קוּם ֔ ַליְ ָלה ַא ָ ֖תּה וְ ָה ָﬠ֣ם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ 9:32 Unique

‫וֶ ֱאר ֹב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

181

JUDGES 9:33 �‫תּוֹ י ְֹצ ִ ֣אים ֵא ֔ ֶלי‬ ֙ ‫ר־א‬ ִ ‫ה־הוּא וְ ָה ָ ֤ﬠם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֞ ֵ‫ל־ה ִ ֑ﬠיר וְ ִהנּ‬ ָ ‫וּפ ַשׁ ְט ָ ֣תּ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫וְ ָה ָי֤ה ַב ֨בֹּ ֶק ֙ר ִכּזְ ֣ר ֹ ַ� ַה ֶ֔שּׁ ֶמשׁ ַתּ ְשׁ ִ ֖כּים‬ ‫ית ֔לּוֹ ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ִתּ ְמ ָ ֥צא יָ ֶ ֽד�׃ ס‬ ָ ‫וְ ָﬠ ִ ֣שׂ‬ 9:33

‫וְ ָהיָ ה ַבבּ ֶֹקר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:33; Ruth 3:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ַבבּ ֶֹקר‬with ‫וְ ָהיָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) with ‫)וַ יְ ִהי ַבבּ ֶֹקר( וַ יְ ִהי‬. 9:33

�ַֹ ‫ִכּזְ ר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:33; Jonah 4:8

—————————— �ַֹ ‫ ִכּזְ ר‬twice and defective

Judg 9:33 Jonah 4:8

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫כזרח ̇ב‬

Mm

‫והיה בבקר‬ [‫רוח קדים )חרשית( ]חרישית‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs twice and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. 9:33

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬

Seventeen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Gen 34:25; Deut 20:20; Judg 9:33; 2 Sam 12:28; 1 Kgs 20:12 2 Kgs 6:14; 10:5; 24:11; 25:4; Jer 22:8 Jer 26:20; 32:29; 37:8; 52:7; Ezek 10:2 Neh 11:9; 13:18

——————————

182

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬seventeen times

1–5

6–10

11–15

16–17

Gen 34:25 Deut 20:20 Judg 9:33 2 Sam 12:28 1 Kgs 20:12 2 Kgs 6:14 2 Kgs 10:5 2 Kgs 24:11 2 Kgs 25:4 Jer 22:8 Jer 37:8 Jer 32:29 Jer 26:20 Jer 52:7 Ezek 10:2 Neh 11:9 Neh 13:18

̇‫על העיר י̇ ז‬

Mm

‫כאבים‬ ‫מצור‬ ‫כזרח‬ ‫וחנה‬ ‫שימו‬ [‫)ויקיפו( ]ויקפו‬ ‫ואשר‬ ‫ויבא‬ ‫ותבקע‬ ‫ועברו‬ ‫ושבו‬ ‫הנלחמים‬ ‫וגם איש‬ ‫ותבקע‬ ‫בינות‬ ‫ויואל‬ ‫כה עשו‬

And likewise every instance of ‫נּוֹתי‬ ִ ַ‫ וְ ג‬apart from one

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫וכל וגנותי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ﬠ‬,ַ to distinguish them from its slightly more numerous occurrences (21x) with the prep. ‫ֶאל‬ (‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫)א‬. ֶ

This distinction is implied in the additional notations to the Mp headings at Gen 34:25, 2 Sam 12:28 and Neh 11:9, and at the end of all the Mm notes, that the verbal form ‫נּוֹתי‬ ִ ַ‫ וְ ג‬also occurs with the phrase ‫ל־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫ ַﬠ‬with one exception, that of 2 Kgs 19:34, where it occurs with ‫נּוֹתי ֶאל ָה ִﬠיר( ֶאל‬ ִ ַ‫)וְ ג‬. 9:33

Five times 1–5

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה־הוּא‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 42:27; Deut 22:17; Judg 9:33; Jer 18:3 (qərê); 2 Chr 26:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the masc., to distinguish them from its single occurrence in the fem. (‫ה־הוא‬ ִ ֵ‫ )וְ ִהנּ‬at Gen 29:25.

JUDGES

183

JUDGES 9:36 ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו זְ ֻ֔בל ֵ ֣את ֵצ֧ל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אשׁי ֶה ָה ִ ֑רים וַ ֤יּ‬ ֖ ֵ ‫יוֹרד ֵמ ָר‬ ֔ ֵ ‫ה־ﬠ֣ם‬ ָ ֵ‫אמר ֶאל־זְ ֻ֔בל ִהנּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ם וַ ֣יּ‬ ֒ ‫ת־ה ָﬠ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ְרא־גַּ ַﬠ ֮ל ֶא‬ ‫ֶה ָה ִ ֛רים ַא ָ ֥תּה ר ֶ ֹ֖אה ָכּ ֲאנָ ִ ֽשׁים׃ ס‬ 9:36

‫ָﬠם‬

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

Num 23:9; 23:24; Deut 4:33; Judg 9:36; 9:37 2 Kgs 13:7; 15:10; Isa 42:6; Ezek 33:31; Joel 2:16 Ps 18:44; 62:9; 72:4; Prov 14:28; Job 34:20 Esth 3:8; 1 Chr 17:21

Seventeen times qameṣ and similarly every ʾaṯnaḥ, qabbalah (= zaqeṕ) and sôṕ pasûq apart from two

Mp ̇‫קמצ וכל אתנ‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬ ‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇ב‬ ̇ ‫וסופ פסוק‬ ̇ ‫וקבל‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of ‫ ָﬠם‬with a qameṣ, to distinguish them from its more numerous (100+) occurrences with a paṯaḥ (‫)ﬠם‬. ַ

This distinction is implied in the additional notation that ‫ ָﬠם‬is also found with the accents zaqeṕ, ʾaṯnaḥ and sôṕ pasûq, apart from two times (at Ruth 2:11 and 2 Chr 1:9) when, with a zaqeṕ gaḏôl, it occurs as ‫ﬠם‬.ַ

The headings of the Mp at 2 Kgs 15:10, Ps 62:9, Prov 14:28 and 1 Chr 17:21 incorrectly read sixteen instead of seventeen no doubt a graphic error of ‫ ו‬six for ‫ ז‬seven.

appears in place of zaqeṕ; for a In the Mp heading here, the term qabbalah (‫)קבל‬ ̇ discussion of this term, see BHQ, Judges, 21*.

JUDGES 9:37 ‫אשׁ־א ָ ֣חד ָ֔בּא ִמ ֶ ֖דּ ֶר� ֵאל֥ וֹן‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ה־ﬠ ֙ם יֽ ְוֹר ִ ֔דים ֵמ ִ ֖ﬠם ַט ֣בּוּר ָה ָ ֑א ֶרץ וְ ר‬ ָ ֵ‫אמר ִהנּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ ֹ ֶסף ֣ﬠוֹד גַּ ַﬠ ֮ל ְל ַד ֵבּר֒ וַ ֕יּ‬ ‫ְמעוֹנְ ִנֽים׃‬ 9:37

‫יוֹר ִדים‬ ְ

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 9:37; 1 Sam 9:27

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written defective ‫)י ְֹר ִדים( ו‬.

184 9:37

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְמעוֹנְ נִ ים‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Deut 18:14 (‫;)מעֹנְ נִ ים‬ ְ Judg 9:37; Mic 5:11 (‫)וּמעוֹנְ נִ ים‬ ְ ——————————

‫ ְמעוֹנְ נִ ים‬three times, twice plene and once defective Judg 9:37 Mic 5:11 Deut 18:14

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫מעוננים ̇ג ̇ב‬

Mm

‫מדרך אלון‬ ‫והכרתי כשפים‬ ‫אל מעננים ואל קסמים‬

And once (‫)וְ עֹנְ נִ ים‬: Isa 2:6

‫וחד ועננים כפלשתים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, with and without ‫ ו‬cj., twice written plene ‫( ו‬here and Mic 5:11), and once written defective ‫( ו‬Deut 18:14). The Mm has an additional note, adding to these three occurrences the parallel form ‫ וְ עֹנְ נִ ים‬at Isa 2:6.

JUDGES 9:38 ‫שׁר‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ימ ֶל� ִ ֣כּי נַ ַﬠ ְב ֶ ֑דנּוּ ֲה ֨ל ֹא ֶז֤ה ָה ָﬠ ֙ם ֲא‬ ֖ ֶ ‫אמר ִ ֥מי ֲא ִב‬ ַ ֔ ֹ ‫שׁר תּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו זְ ֻ֗בל ַא ֵ֨יּה ֵא ֥פוֹא ִ֨פ ֙י� ֲא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫א־נ֥א ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה וְ ִה ָ ֥לּ ֶחם ֽבּוֹ׃ ס‬ ָ ‫ָמ ַ ֣א ְס ָתּה ֔בּוֹ ֵצ‬ 9:38

‫אַס ָתּה‬ ְ ‫ָמ‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:38; 1 Sam 15:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written defective ‫אַס ָתּ( ה‬ ְ ‫)מ‬. ָ

JUDGES 9:41 ‫ת־א ָ ֖חיו ִמ ֶ ֥שּׁ ֶבת ִבּ ְשׁ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ֶ ‫ת־גּ ַ֥ﬠל וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ארוּמה וַ יְ ָג ֶ֧ רשׁ זְ ֻב֛ל ֶא‬ ָ֑ ‫ימ ֶל� ָבּ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥שׁב ֲא ִב‬ 9:41 Unique

‫ארוּמה‬ ָ ‫ָבּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

185

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where an ‫ א‬is written but not read; see the Mm to Num 11:4 sub ‫אס ְפ ֻסף‬ ַ ‫וְ ָה‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §103, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §86. 9:41

Five times 1–5

‫ת־א ָחיו‬ ֶ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 47:11; 47:12; Deut 33:9; Judg 9:41; Jer 35:3

—————————— ‫ת־א ָחיו‬ ֶ ‫ וְ ֶא‬five times 1–5

Gen 47:12 Gen 47:11 Deut 33:9 Judg 9:41 Jer 35:3

‫ואת אחיו ̇ה‬

Mm

‫ויכלכל יוסף את‬ ‫ויושב יוסף את אביו‬ ‫האמר לאביו ולאמו‬ ‫בארומה ויגרש‬ ‫את יאזניה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) without a cj., two of which are in vv. 5 and 24. 9:41

Six times 1–5 6–8

‫ִבּ ְשׁ ֶכם‬ ̇‫ו‬

Gen 37:12; 37:13; Josh 24:25; 24:32; Judg 8:31 Judg 9:6; 9:26; 9:41

The Mp heading here of six times is inexact since, as listed above, there are eight occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read six times in the Prophets.

The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (48x) without this preposition, twenty of which occur in this chapter.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

‫‪186‬‬

‫‪THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 9:43‬‬ ‫ן־ה ֔ ִﬠיר וַ יָּ ָ֥ קם‬ ‫אשׁים וַ יֶּ ֱא ֖ר ֹב ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶ ֑דה וַ ַ֗יּ ְרא וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ָה ָﬠ ֙ם י ֵֹצ֣א ִמ ָ‬ ‫�שׁה ָר ִ֔‬ ‫ת־ה ֗ ָﬠם ַוֽ יֶּ ֱח ֵצ ֙ם ִל ְשׁ ָ ֣‬ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ֶא ָ‬ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ֵ ֽכּם׃‬ ‫ֲﬠ ֵל ֶ ֖‬ ‫וַ יֶּ ֱח ֵצם‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪9:43‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪JUDGES 9:44‬‬ ‫ל־כּל־‬ ‫אשׁים ָ ֽפּ ְשׁ ֛טוּ ַ ֽﬠ ָ‬ ‫וּשׁ ֵנ֣י ָ ֽה ָר ִ֗‬ ‫שׁר ִﬠ ֔מּוֹ ָפּ ְשׁ ֕טוּ וַ ַיּ ַ֣ﬠ ְמ ֔דוּ ֶ ֖פּ ַתח ַ ֣שׁ ַﬠר ָה ִ ֑ﬠיר ְ‬ ‫אשׁ ֙ים ֲא ֶ ֣‬ ‫ימ ֶל� וְ ָה ָר ִ‬ ‫וַ ֲא ִב ֶ֗‬ ‫ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶ ֖דה וַ יַּ ֽכּוּם׃‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫אשׁים‬ ‫וְ ָה ָר ִ‬

‫‪9:44‬‬ ‫‪Unique‬‬

‫̇ל‬

‫‪ cj., to distinguish‬ו ‪Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a‬‬ ‫‪it from its occurrence without a cj. at Judg 7:20 and this verse.‬‬ ‫אשׁים‬ ‫ָה ָר ִ‬

‫‪9:44‬‬

‫̇ב‬

‫‪Twice‬‬

‫וַ יַּ כּוּם‬

‫‪9:44‬‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Judg 7:20.‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬

‫י̇ ̇א‬

‫‪Eleven times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 7:5.‬‬

‫‪JUDGES 9:45‬‬ ‫ת־ה ֔ ִﬠיר‬ ‫ר־בּהּ ָה ָ ֑רג וַ יִּ תּ ֹ֙ץ ֶא ָ‬ ‫ת־ה ָ ֥ﬠם ֲא ֶשׁ ָ ֖‬ ‫ת־ה ֔ ִﬠיר וְ ֶא ָ‬ ‫ימ ֶל� נִ ְל ָ ֣חם ָבּ ֗ ִﬠיר ֚כֹּל ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֔הוּא וַ יִּ ְלכּ ֹ֙ד ֶא ָ‬ ‫וַ ֲא ִב ֶ֜‬ ‫וַ יִּ זְ ָר ֶ ֖ﬠ ָה ֶ ֽמ ַלח׃ פ‬

‫‪Mp‬‬

‫ת־ה ָﬠם‬ ‫וְ ֶא ָ‬ ‫י̇ ̇ב‬

‫‪9:45‬‬

‫‪Twelve times‬‬

‫‪Com.: See Josh 6:10.‬‬

JUDGES

187

JUDGES 9:46 ‫ל־צ ִ ֔ר ַי� ֵ ֖בּית ֵ ֥אל ְבּ ִ ֽרית׃‬ ְ ‫ל־שׁ ֶכ֑ם וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ ֶא‬ ְ ‫ל־בּ ֲﬠ ֵל֖י ִ ֽמגְ ַדּ‬ ַ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְמ ֔עוּ ָ ֽכּ‬ 9:46

‫ֵ ֖בּית ֵ ֥אל‬

Unique with the accents (ṭiṕḥâ and mêrəḵâ)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with these accents (ṭiṕḥâ and mêrəḵâ), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (45x) with other accents.

JUDGES 9:48 ‫ת־ה ַקּ ְר ֻדּ ֜מּוֹת ְבּיָ ֗דוֹ וַ יִּ ְכר ֹ֙ת‬ ַ ‫ימ ֶל� ֶא‬ ֶ֨ ‫ר־אתּוֹ֒ וַ יִּ ַקּ ֩ח ֲא ִב‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ָﬠ֣ם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫הוּא וְ ָכ‬ ֮ ‫ר־צ ְל ֗מוֹן‬ ַ ‫ימ ֶל� ַה‬ ֶ֜ ‫וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠל ֲא ִב‬ ‫יתי ַמ ֲה ֖רוּ ֲﬠ ֥שׂוּ‬ ִ ‫ית ֙ם ָﬠ ִ֔שׂ‬ ֶ ‫ר־ﬠ ֗מּוֹ ָ ֤מה ְר ִא‬ ִ ‫ל־ה ָﬠ֣ם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־שׁ ְכ ֑מוֹ וַ ֜יּ‬ ִ ‫שׂוֹכ֣ת ֵﬠ ִ֔צים וַ ִ֨יּ ָשּׂ ֶ֔א ָה וַ ָיּ ֶ֖שׂם ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ָכ ֽמוֹנִ י׃‬ 9:48 Unique 9:48

Unique

‫שׂוֹכת‬ ַ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יִּ ָשּׂ ֶא ָה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the fem. sfx., to distinguish it from its occurrence with the masc. sfx. (‫ )וַ יִּ ָשּׂ ֵאהוּ‬at 2 Kgs 4:20. 9:48

Four times

‫ַמ ֲהרוּ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 45:9; Judg 9:48; 2 Sam 15:14; Esth 5:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences of this lemma with a ḥîreq (‫)מ ֲהרוּ‬. ִ In addition to listing the above four references, the Mm to Esth 5:5 has an additional note listing the three occurrences of this lemma with a ḥîreq under the ‫מ‬.

188

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 9:49 ‫יהם ֶ ֽאת־‬ ֛ ֶ ‫ל־ה ְצּ ִ ֔ר ַי� וַ יַּ ִ ֧צּיתוּ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ַ ‫ימ ֶל ֙� וַ יָּ ִ ֣שׂימוּ ַ ֽﬠ‬ ֶ֨ ‫ל־ה ֜ ָﬠם ִ ֣אישׁ שׂוֹ ֗כֹה וַ ֵ֨יּ ְל ֜כוּ ַא ֲח ֵ ֤רי ֲא ִב‬ ָ ‫ם־כּ‬ ָ ַ‫וַ יִּ ְכ ְר ֨תוּ ג‬ ‫ל־שׁ ֶכ֛ם ְכּ ֶ ֖א ֶלף ִ ֥אישׁ וְ ִא ָ ֽשּׁה׃ פ‬ ְ ‫ל־אנְ ֵ ֧שׁי ִ ֽמגְ ַדּ‬ ַ ‫ַה ְצּ ִ ֖ר ַי� ָבּ ֵ ֑אשׁ וַ יָּ ֻ֜מתוּ ַגּ֣ם ָכּ‬ 9:49

‫ְכּ ֶא ֶלף‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a ‫כ‬ at the beginning of the word; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20.

JUDGES 9:50 ‫ל־תּ ֵ ֑בץ וַ ִיּ ַ֥חן ְבּ ֵת ֵ ֖בץ ַוֽ יִּ ְל ְכּ ָ ֽדהּ׃‬ ֵ ‫ימ ֶל� ֶא‬ ֖ ֶ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥ל� ֲא ִב‬ 9:50

‫ֵתּ ֵבץ‬

̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with this prep. (‫)בּ ֵת ֵבץ‬ ְ in this verse, and in 2 Sam 11:21; see the next entry.

In ML this lemma has a circellus but no note but, since this word only occurs once, the note most probably should be unique. 9:50

Unique 1–2

‫ְבּ ֵת ֵבץ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 9:50; 2 Sam 11:21

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without this prep. in the same verse; see directly above. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES

189

JUDGES 9:51 ‫ל־ה ֲאנָ ִ ֣שׁים וְ ַהנָּ ִ֗שׁים וְ כֹל֙ ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ָה ֔ ִﬠיר ַוֽ יִּ ְסגְּ ֖רוּ ַבּ ֲﬠ ָ ֑דם‬ ָ ‫תוֹ�־ה ִﬠיר֒ וַ יָּ ֻ֨נסוּ ָ֜שׁ ָמּה ָכּ‬ ָ ‫וּמגְ ַדּל־ע ֹ֮ז ָה ָי֣ה ְב‬ ִ ‫ל־גּ֥ג ַה ִמּגְ ָ ֽדּל׃‬ ַ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠל֖ וּ ַﬠ‬ 9:51

‫וּמגְ ַדּל‬ ִ

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 15:37. 9:51

‫וְ כֹל ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵלי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 9:52 ‫ד־פּ ַתח ַה ִמּגְ ָ ֖דּל ְל ָשׂ ְר ֥פוֹ ָב ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ד־ה ִמּגְ ָ ֔דּל וַ יִּ ָלּ ֶ֖חם ֑בּוֹ וַ יִּ ַגּ֛שׁ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ימ ֶל ֙� ַﬠ‬ ֶ֨ ‫יָּב ֹא ֲא ִב‬ ֤ ַ‫ו‬ 9:52

‫ְל ָשׂ ְרפוֹ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. (‫)שׂ ְרפוֹ‬ ָ at Amos 2:1.

JUDGES 9:53 ‫ימ ֶל� וַ ָ ֖תּ ִרץ ֶאת־גֻּ ְלגָּ ְל ֽתּוֹ׃‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ל־ר ֹאשׁ ֲא ִב‬ ֣ ‫וַ ַתּ ְשׁ ֞ ֵל� ִא ָ ֥שּׁה ַא ַ ֛חת ֶ ֥פּ ַלח ֶ ֖ר ֶכב ַﬠ‬ 9:53

�‫וַ ַתּ ְשׁ ֵל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 21:15; Judg 9:53; Ps 50:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its single occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. (�‫ )וְ ַת ְשׁ ֵל‬at Dan 8:12.

This distinction is affirmed in the Mp heading at Dan 8:12, which reads unique raṕê (e.g., with a ‫ ו‬cj.), and three times daḡeš (e.g., with ‫ ו‬consec.).

190 9:53

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וַ ָתּ ִרץ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without (‫)תּ ִריץ‬ ָ at Ps 68:32; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1. 9:53

‫ֶאת־גֻּ ְלגָּ ְלתּוֹ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. (‫ )וְ ֶאת־גֻּ ְלגָּ ְלתּוֹ‬at 1 Chr 10:10.

JUDGES 9:54 ‫אמרוּ ִ ֖לי ִא ָ ֣שּׁה ֲה ָר ָג ְ֑תהוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ן־י‬ ֥ ‫וֹת ֵ֔תנִ י ֶפּ‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ֣ �֙ ‫אמר ֙לוֹ ְשׁ�֤ ף ַח ְר ְבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ַנּ ַ֣ﬠר ׀ נ ֵ ֹ֣שׂא ֵכ ֗ ָליו וַ ֤יּ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֨רא ְמ ֵה ָ ֜רה ֶא‬ ‫מת׃‬ ֹ ֽ ָ‫וַ יִּ ְד ְק ֵ ֥רהוּ נַ ֲﬠ ֖רוֹ וַ יּ‬ 9:54

‫וּמוֹת ֵתנִ י‬ ְ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:54; 2 Sam 1:9 (‫)וּמ ְֹת ֵתנִ י‬ ——————————

‫וּמוֹת ֵתנִ י‬ ְ twice, once defective and once plene Judg 9:54 2 Sam 1:9

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫ומותתני ̇ב חד‬

Mm

‫ויקרא מהרה אל הנער‬ ‫ויאמר אלי עמד נא עלי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them at Jer 20:17. from the sole occurrence of a similar form ‫מוֹת ַתנִ י‬ ְ 9:54

‫אמרוּ ִלי‬ ְ ֹ‫י‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:54; Job 34:34

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ִלי‬with ‫אמרוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫י‬, to distinguish them from the two occurrences of ‫ ִלי‬with ‫אמרוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫אמרוּ ִלי( וַ יּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ )וַ יּ‬at Exod 32:23 and Neh 1:3.

JUDGES 9:54 Unique 9:54

Unique

‫ֲה ָרגָ ְתהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְד ְק ֵרהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

191

Mp Mp

JUDGES 9:55 ‫ימ ֶל� וַ יֵּ ְל ֖כוּ ִ ֥אישׁ ִל ְמק ֹֽמוֹ׃‬ ֑ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֥אוּ ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ִ ֣כּי ֵ ֣מת ֲא ִב‬ 9:55

‫ִל ְמקֹמוֹ‬

Three times defective Com.: See Judg 7:7.

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

JUDGES 9:56 ‫ת־שׁ ְב ִ ֥ﬠים ֶא ָ ֽחיו׃‬ ִ ‫ימ ֶל� ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ָﬠ ָשׂ ֙ה ְל ָא ִ֔ביו ַל ֲה ֖ר ֹג ֶא‬ ֑ ֶ ‫�הים ֵ ֖את ָר ַﬠ֣ת ֲא ִב‬ ִ֔ ‫וַ ָיּ ֶ֣שׁב ֱא‬ 9:56 Unique

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫וַ יָּ ֶשׁב ֱא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יָּ ֶשׁב‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫א‬,ֱ to distinguish it from its four occurrences with ‫)וַ יָּ ֶשׁב יְ הוָ ה( יְ הוָ ה‬.

JUDGES 9:57 ‫יוֹתם ֶבּן־יְ ֻר ָ ֽבּ ַﬠל׃ פ‬ ֥ ָ ‫יהם ִ ֽקלֲ ַל֖ת‬ ֶ֔ ‫אשׁם וַ ָתּ ֣ב ֹא ֲא ֵל‬ ֑ ָ ֹ ‫�הים ְבּר‬ ֖ ִ ‫שׁי ְשׁ ֶ֔כם ֵה ִ ֥שׁיב ֱא‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ל־ר ַﬠ ֙ת ַאנ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵ֗את ָכּ‬ 9:57 Unique

‫ל־ר ַﬠת‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵאת ָכּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish it from its occurrence without ‫ )וְ ֵאת ָר ַﬠת( ָכּל‬at 1 Sam 25:39. 9:57

Unique

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ֵה ִשׁיב ֱא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

192

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

9:57

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫וַ ָתּבֹא ֲא ֵל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 9:57; Jer 2:3 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫) ָתּבֹא ֲא ֵל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, once with a ‫ ו‬consec. (here), and once without (‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ ) ָתּבֹא ֲא ֵל‬in Jer 2:3. 9:57

‫ִקלֲ ַלת‬

‫ ִקלֲ ַלת‬three times Deut 21:23 Judg 9:57 Prov 26:2

‫קללת ̇ג‬

Mm

‫כי קללת אלהים תלוי‬ ‫קללת יותם בן ירבעל‬ [‫כן קללת חנם לא )תבוא( ]תבא‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the cstr., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in the absol. (‫)ק ָל ָלה‬. ְ

JUDGES 10:1 ‫ן־דּוֹדוֹ ִ ֣אישׁ יִ ָשּׂ ֶשׂ ָ ֑כר וְ ֽהוּא־י ֵ ֹ֥שׁב‬ ֖ ‫ן־פּוּאה ֶבּ‬ ָ֛ ‫תּוֹל֧ע ֶבּ‬ ָ ‫הוֹשׁ ַי� ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל‬ ֣ ִ ‫ימ ֶל� ְל‬ ֶ֜ ‫וַ יָּ ָק ֩ם ַא ֲח ֵ ֨רי ֲא ִב‬ ‫ְבּ ָשׁ ִ ֖מיר ְבּ ַ ֥הר ֶא ְפ ָ ֽריִ ם׃‬ 10:1

‫דּוֹדוֹ‬

Five times plene 1–5

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 10:1; 1 Sam 10:16; Amos 6:10; 1 Chr 11:12; 11:26

—————————— ‫ דּוֹדוֹ‬five times plene 1–5

Judg 10:1 1 Sam 10:16 Amos 6:10 1 Chr 11:12 1 Chr 11:26

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫דודו ̇ה‬

Mm

‫תולע בן פואה בן דודו‬ ‫ויאמר שאול‬ ‫ונשאו דודו‬ ‫ואחריו אלעזר‬ ‫וגבורי החילים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences written defective first ‫)דּ ֹדוֹ( ו‬.

JUDGES

193

JUDGES 10:2 ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁפּ ֹ֙ט ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֥רים וְ ָשׁ�֖ שׁ ָשׁ ָנ֑ה וַ ָיּ ָ֖מת וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֥בר ְבּ ָשׁ ִ ֽמיר׃ פ‬ 10:2

‫וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵבר ְבּ ָשׁ ִמיר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 10:4 ‫�שׁים ֲﬠיָ ִ ֖רים ָל ֶ ֑הם ָל ֶ֞הם יִ ְק ְר ֣אוּ ׀ ַח ֣ ֹוּת יָ ִ֗איר‬ ֥ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים ֲﬠיָ ִ ֔רים‬ ֣ ִ ‫ל־שׁ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים ָבּ ִ֗נים ֽר ֹ ְכ ִב ֙ים ַﬠ‬ ֣ ִ ‫י־לוֹ ְשׁ‬ ֞ ‫ַוֽ יְ ִה‬ ‫ַ ֚ﬠד ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶ֔זּה ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬ 10:4

‫ָל ֶהם ָל ֶהם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring together only once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §72. 10:4

‫ְבּ ֶא ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 10:4; 1 Chr 2:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ְבּ ֶא ֶרץ‬with ‫הגִּ ְל ָﬠד‬,ַ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ְבּ ֶא ֶרץ גִּ ְל ָﬠד( גִּ ְל ָﬠד‬at 1Kgs 4:19 and 1 Chr 5:9.

JUDGES 10:5 ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֣מת יָ ִ֔איר וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֖בר ְבּ ָק ֽמוֹן׃ פ‬ 10:5 Unique

‫ְבּ ָקמוֹן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

194

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 10:6 ‫�הי‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫ת־ה ַﬠ ְשׁ ָתּ ֡רוֹת וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ְבּ ָﬠ ִ ֣לים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ה וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֣דוּ ֶא‬ ֒ ָ‫וַ יּ ִ ֹ֣ספוּ ׀ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ַל ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ָה ַר ֮ע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י יְ הו‬ ‫�הי ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים וַ יַּ ַﬠזְ ֥בוּ ֶאת־‬ ֣ ֵ ‫י־ﬠ ֔מּוֹן וְ ֵ ֖את ֱא‬ ַ ֵ‫�הי ְבנ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫מוֹאב וְ ֵא ֙ת ֱא‬ ָ֗ ‫�הי‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ידוֹן וְ ֵ ֣את ׀ ֱא‬ ֜ ‫�הי ִצ‬ ֵ֨ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫ֲא ָר ֩ם וְ ֶא‬ ‫הו֖ה וְ ֥ל ֹא ֲﬠ ָב ֽדוּהוּ׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 10:6

‫וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬

Three times written like this*

Judg 10:6; 13:1; 1 Chr 14:13

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

——————————

‫ וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬three times written like this

‫ וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ‬of ‫( ָקמוֹן‬Judg 10:6) Judg 13:1 ‫ וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ עוֹד ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִתּים‬of Chronicles (1 Chr 14:13)

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫ויספו ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויספו דקמון‬ ‫ויהי איש‬ ‫)ויספו( ]ויסיפו[ עוד פלשתים‬ ‫דדברי הימים‬

Com.: There are many problems with this Masorah which, as Breuer notes in The Aleppo Codex, 278–79, has no doubt suffered corruption in its transmission.

* ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ‬, writes the lemma here defective second ‫ ;)וַ יּ ִֹספוּ( י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 61. However, the reading of M (‫ )וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ‬fits the references listed in the Mm rather than ‫וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬. This is seen in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 14:13 reference, since the notation contrasts this reference, which has the form ‫וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ‬, with a parallel passage in 2 Sam 5:22, where the lemma occurs as ‫וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬.

The number three does not fit a ‫ וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬lemma, since M has five such forms (Judg 3:12; 4:1; 20:22; 2 Sam 3:34; 5:22), and ML has seven (since it writes the forms here and at Judg 13:1 also as ‫ ;)וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 61 and 62. In the Mm, the addition of ‫ ָקמוֹן‬to the Judg 10:6 reference alludes to the place mentioned in the previous verse, and the catchwords ‫ וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ‬given for the Judg 13:1 reference actually belong to the following verse (13:2).

Both MC and MA read ‫וַ יּ ִֹסיפוּ‬. MA has a Mp note here reading three times written like this, but MC has no note.

JUDGES 10:6

‫ֲﬠ ָבדוּהוּ‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

——————————

Mp

‫ ֲﬠ ָבדוּהוּ‬three times plene in this and another form Judg 10:6 Ezek 48:19 Ps 72:11

195

[‫]ﬠ ָבדוּהוּ‬ ֲ [‫]יַ ֲﬠ ְבדוּהוּ‬ [‫]יַ ֲﬠ ְבדוּהוּ‬

‫בליש‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויעזבו את יהוה ולא עבדוהו‬ ‫)העבד( ]והעבד[ העיר‬ ‫כל גוים יעבדוהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene first ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences in various forms written defective first ‫ו‬, such as ‫ ֲﬠ ָב ֻדהוּ‬in Jer 28:14.

The heading of the Mp here of unique plene reflects the sole occurrence of the lemma in this particular form (‫)ﬠ ָבדוּהוּ‬. ֲ

JUDGES 10:8 ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֤י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶ֣בר‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַבּ ָשּׁ ָנ֖ה ַה ִ ֑היא ְשׁמ ֨ ֶֹנה ֶﬠ ְשׂ ֵ ֜רה ָשׁ ָ֗נה ֶ ֽא‬ ְ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְר ֲﬠ ֤צוּ וַ יְ ֽר ֹ ְצ ֙צוּ ֶא‬ 10:8 Half of the book

‫ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֔דּן ְבּ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֖רי ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַבּגִּ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬

‫הספ‬ ֗ ‫חצי‬

Mp

Com.: In ML there is no circellus for this note.

JUDGES 10:9 ‫אד׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫וּב ֵב֣ית ֶא ְפ ָ ֑ריִ ם וַ ֵ ֥תּ ֶצר ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְמ‬ ְ ‫יָמין‬ ֖ ִ ְ‫וּב ִבנ‬ ְ ‫יהוּדה‬ ֥ ָ ‫ם־בּ‬ ִ ַ‫ת־היַּ ְר ֵ ֔דּן ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֛חם גּ‬ ַ ‫מּוֹן ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ֽי־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֤רוּ ְב ֵנ‬ 10:9

‫יָמין‬ ִ ְ‫וּב ִבנ‬ ְ

Twice, once plene and once defective Judg 10:9; 2 Chr 11:10 (‫יָמן‬ ִ ְ‫)וּב ִבנ‬ ְ ——————————

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל והד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

196

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וּ ְב ִבנְ יָ ִמין‬twice, once plene and once defective

Judg 10:9 2 Chr 11:10

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל והד‬ ̇ ‫ובבנימין ̇ב חד‬

Mm

‫גם ביהודה‬ ‫ואת צרעה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two forms of this lemma, one written plene second ‫י‬ (here), and one written defective second ‫( י‬2 Chr 11:10).

JUDGES 10:10 ‫ת־ה ְבּ ָﬠ ִ ֽלים׃ פ‬ ַ ‫�הינוּ ַוֽנַּ ֲﬠ ֖בֹד ֶא‬ ֵ֔ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫מר ָח ָ ֣טאנוּ ֔ ָל� וְ ִ ֤כי ָﬠ ַ֨ז ְב ֙נוּ ֶא‬ ֹ ֑ ‫הו֖ה ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫קוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֶאל־י‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ זְ ֲﬠ‬ 10:10

‫וְ ִכי ָﬠזַ ְבנוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a cj. (‫) ִכּי ָﬠזַ ְבנוּ‬.

JUDGES 10:11 ‫ן־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֽתּים׃‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫ן־בּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֖מּוֹן‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫ן־ה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֔רי‬ ֣ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ֲה ֤ל ֹא ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם‬ ְ ‫הו֖ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ַו֥יּ‬ 10:11

‫ן־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ִ

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Lev 1:14 (‫ן־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫;)מ‬ ִ 14:30 (‫ן־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫;)מ‬ ִ Judg 10:11; Joel 1:12 (‫ן־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫)מ‬ ִ —————————— ‫ן־בּנֵ י‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ִ four times Lev 1:14 Lev 14:30 Judg 10:11 Joel 1:12

‫ומן בני ̇ד‬

Mm

‫היונה‬ ‫היונה‬ [‫)מצרים( ]ממצרים‬ ‫הגפן‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma where the prep. ‫ ִמן‬is not joined to ‫בּנֵ י‬,ְ to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (100+) where the prep. ‫ ִמן‬is attached to ‫וּמ ְבּנֵ י( ְבּנֵ י‬ ִ /‫) ִמ ְבּנֵ י‬.

This enumeration does not include the occurrences of this lemma in Chronicles (38x) and the Aramaic sections of Daniel and Ezra (5x).

JUDGES

197

The headings of the Mp and the Mm at Lev 1:14 are more expansive reading four times and similarly all Chronicles apart from seven.

The heading of the Mp at Lev 14:30 reads the same, but mistakenly has apart from two instead of apart from seven. 10:11

‫ן־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִתּים‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 10:11; 2 Chr 17:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the separable prep. ‫ ִמן‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬ (‫)וּמ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִתּים‬ ִ at 2 Sam 8:12 and 1 Chr 18:11.

JUDGES 10:12 ‫יﬠה ֶא ְת ֶכ֖ם ִמיָּ ָ ֽדם׃‬ ָ ‫אוֹשׁ‬ ֥ ִ ָ‫וּמ ֔עוֹן ָל ֲח ֖צוּ ֶא ְת ֶכ֑ם וַ ִתּ ְצ ֲﬠ ֣קוּ ֵא ֔ ַלי ו‬ ָ ‫ידוֹנ֤ים ַו ֲֽﬠ ָמ ֵל ֙ק‬ ִ ‫וְ ִצ‬ 10:12

‫וְ ִצידוֹנִ ים‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫י‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫י‬. 10:12

‫וּמעוֹן‬ ָ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 10:12; 1 Chr 2:45

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj. 10:12

Unique

‫וַ ִתּ ְצ ֲﬠקוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a ‫)תּ ְצ ֲﬠקוּ( ו‬ ִ at Isa 65:14.

198 10:12 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫יﬠה‬ ָ ‫אוֹשׁ‬ ִ ָ‫ו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 10:13 ‫הוֹשׁ ַי� ֶא ְת ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫א־אוֹסיף ְל‬ ִ֖ ֹ ‫�הים ֲא ֵח ִ ֑רים ָל ֵ ֥כן ֽל‬ ֣ ִ ‫אוֹתי וַ ַתּ ַﬠ ְב ֖דוּ ֱא‬ ִ֔ ‫וְ ַא ֶתּ ֙ם ֲﬠזַ ְב ֶ ֣תּם‬ 10:13

‫אוֹסיף‬ ִ

Nineteen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–19

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 8:21a (‫ ;)א ִֹסף‬8:21b (‫ ;)א ִֹסף‬Exod 10:29 (‫ ;)א ִֹסף‬Josh 7:12; Judg 2:21 Judg 10:13; 1 Kgs 12:11; 12:14 (‫ ;)א ִֹסיף‬2 Kgs 21:8 (‫ ;)א ִֹסיף‬Hos 1:6 Amos 7:8; 8:2; Jonah 2:5; Prov 23:35; Job 34:32 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬ Job 40:5; 2 Chr 10:11 (‫ ;)א ִֹסיף‬10:14 (‫ ;)א ִֹסיף‬33:8 (‫*)א ִֹסיף‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nineteen occurrences of this lemma written in various ways (plene and defective ‫ו‬, plene and defective ‫י‬, and doubly defective).

All the other Mp headings highlighted above restrict their notes to various books or particular writings.

Gen 8:21a (‫)א ִֹסף‬

1 Kgs 12:14 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬ 2 Kgs 21:8 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬ Job 34:32 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬ 2 Chr 10:11 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬ 2 Chr 10:14 (‫)א ִֹסיף‬

Three times defective, enumerating the three doubly defective occurrences at Gen 8:21a, 8:21b and Exod 10:29.

Twice written like this in the book, refers to the two occurrences of this form in the book of Kings; here and at 2 Kgs 21:8. Six times written like this, refers to all six occurrences of this form.

Unique in the book, refers to the sole occurrence of this form in Job.

Six defective, refers to all six occurrences of this form.

Three times written (like this) in the book, refers to the three occurrences of ‫ א ִֹסיף‬in Chronicles.

JUDGES

199

ִ see Breuer, The Biblical * ML, contrary to M (‫)א ִֹסיף‬, reads 2 Chr 33:8 plene ‫;)אוֹסיף( ו‬ Text, 338 and 393, and thus has only five, not six occurrences of the form ‫א ִֹסיף‬. However, the enumeration inherent in the text of M is supported by the Mp headings at 2 Kgs 21:8 and at 2 Chr 10:11, which both read six times written defective (‫ו‬, e.g., ‫)א ִֹסיף‬, and by the Mp heading at 2 Chr 10:14, which reads three times in the book (thus assuming that 2 Chr 33:8 is written defective and not plene as in ML).

JUDGES 10:14 ‫יוֹשׁיעוּ ָל ֶכ֖ם ְבּ ֵ ֥ﬠת ָצ ַר ְת ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫�הים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ְבּ ַח ְר ֶ ֖תּם ָ ֑בּם ֵ ֛ה ָמּה‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־ה ֱא‬ ֣ ָ ‫קוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ְל ֗כוּ וְ ַז ֲֽﬠ‬ 10:14

‫וְ זַ ֲﬠקוּ‬

Three times with paṯaḥ

Mp

‫֗ ַג‬

Judg 10:14; Jer 25:34; Joel 1:14 —————————— ‫ וְ זַ ֲﬠקוּ‬three times with paṯaḥ Judg 10:14 Jer 25:34 Joel 1:14

‫וזעקו ̇ג פתח‬

Mm

‫לכו וזעקו אל האלהים‬ [‫הילילו )הרועים( ]הרעים‬ ‫קדשו צום‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with paṯaḥ under the ‫ז‬ (imper.), to distinguish them from its three occurrences with qameṣ under the ‫וְ זָ ֲﬠקוּ( ז‬, perf.); see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §202, §295. 10:14

Unique

‫ָצ ַר ְת ֶכם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

The Masorah notes the occurrence of this lemma with ‫ ְבּ ֵﬠת‬with a sfx. (‫) ְבּ ֵﬠת ָצ ַר ְת ֶכם‬, possibly to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫ ְבּ ֵﬠת‬without a sfx. (‫) ְבּ ֵﬠת ָצ ָרה‬.

200

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 10:15 ‫ילנוּ ָנ֖א ַהיּ֥ וֹם‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ל־ה ֖טּוֹב ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶינ֑י� ַ ֛א� ַה ִצּ‬ ַ ‫ה־א ָ ֣תּה ֔ ָלנוּ ְכּ ָכ‬ ַ ‫אמ ֨רוּ ְבנֵ י־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ֶאל־יְ הוָ ֙ה ָח ָ֔טאנוּ ֲﬠ ֵשׂ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ 10:15

‫ל־הטּוֹב‬ ַ ‫ְכּ ָכ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 10:15; 1 Sam 11:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫ל־הטּוֹב( ב‬ ַ ‫)בּ ָכ‬ ְ at Deut 26:11.

JUDGES 10:16 ‫הו֑ה וַ ִתּ ְק ַ ֥צר נַ ְפ ֖שׁוֹ ַבּ ֲﬠ ַ ֥מל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫�הי ַהנֵּ ָכ ֙ר ִמ ִקּ ְר ָ֔בּם וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְב ֖דוּ ֶאת־י‬ ֤ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫וַ יָּ ִ֜סירוּ ֶא‬ 10:16

‫וַ ִתּ ְק ַצר‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Num 21:4; Judg 10:16; 16:16; Zech 11:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a ‫)תּ ְק ַצר( ו‬ ִ at Job 21:4. 10:16

‫ַבּ ֲﬠ ַמל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 10:16; Ps 73:5

——————————

‫ ַבּ ֲﬠ ַמל‬twice, and their references Judg 10:16 Ps 73:5

‫בעמל ̇ב וסימנהון‬

‫ותקצר נפשו בעמל‬ [‫בעמל אנוש )אינימו( ]אינמו‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this prep. (‫)ﬠ ַמל‬. ֲ

JUDGES

201

JUDGES 10:17 ‫פוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּ ַבּ ִמּ ְצ ָ ֽפּה׃‬ ֙ ‫קוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֔מּוֹן ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּ ַבּגִּ ְל ָ ֑ﬠד וַ יֵּ ָ ֽא ְס‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ָ ֽצּ ֲﬠ‬ 10:17

‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֲﬠקוּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 10:17; 1 Sam 13:4; 2 Kgs 3:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in the qal (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְצ ֲﬠקוּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §301.

10:17

‫וַ יֵּ ָא ְספוּ‬

Twelve times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 9:6.

JUDGES 10:18 ‫שׁר יָ ֵ֔חל ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֖חם ִבּ ְב ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֑מּוֹן יִ ְֽה ֶי ֣ה ְל ֔ר ֹאשׁ ְל ֖כֹל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ר ֔ ֵﬠהוּ ִ ֣מי ָה ִ֔אישׁ ֲא‬ ֵ ‫אמ ֨רוּ ָה ֜ ָﬠם ָשׂ ֵ ֤רי גִ ְל ָﬠ ֙ד ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫י ְֹשׁ ֵ ֥בי גִ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃ פ‬ 10:18

‫אמרוּ ָה ָﬠם‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 24:24

Mp

In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫ ָה ָﬠם‬but, since this form occurs more ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬. than three times, the note must refer, with MC and MA, to the phrase ‫אמרוּ ָה ָﬠם‬ 10:18

Unique 10:18

‫ֲא ֶשׁר יָ ֵחל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ְלרֹאשׁ‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 5:30.

Mp

202

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 11:1 ‫ת־יִפ ָ ֽתּח׃‬ ְ ‫וֹלד גִּ ְל ָ ֖ﬠד ֶא‬ ֶ ֥‫זוֹנ֑ה וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫ן־א ָ ֣שּׁה‬ ִ ‫וְ יִ ְפ ָ ֣תּח ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠ ִ ֗די ָהיָ ֙ה גִּ ֣בּוֹר ַ֔חיִ ל וְ ֖הוּא ֶבּ‬ 11:1

‫וְ יִ ְפ ָתּח‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Josh 15:43; Judg 11:1; Job 11:5 (‫)וְ יִ ְפ ַתּח‬

‫ וְ יִ ְפ ָתּח‬three times, twice with qameṣ and once with paṯaḥ, ‫ ויפתח ̇ג ̇ב קמץ וחד פתח‬Mm one is the name of a person, and one is the ‫חד שם בר נשא וחד‬ name of a town, and one means to open ‫שם קריה וחד לשון פתוחה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, with qameṣ and with paṯaḥ, in three different meanings. One as the name of a person Jephthah (here), one as the name of a town Iphtah (Josh 15:43), and one as a verbal form and would open (his lips, Job 11:5).

This lemma with qameṣ (Josh 15:43 and here) is featured in a Masoretic list of homonymous doublets; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60.

It is also featured in a Masoretic list of sixteen verses in which the initial word with a ‫ ו‬cj. and the last word (without a ‫ ו‬cj.) of the verse are the same see 1 Kgs 22:48. 11:1

‫יּוֹלד גִּ ְל ָﬠד‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:2 ‫א־תנְ ַ ֣חל ְבּ ֵבית־‬ ִ ֹ ‫אמרוּ ֙לוֹ ֽל‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־יִפ ָ֗תּח וַ ֤יּ‬ ְ ‫י־ה ִא ָ֜שּׁה וַ יְ גָ ְר ֣שׁוּ ֶא‬ ָ ֵ‫וַ ֵ ֧תּ ֶלד ֵ ֽא ֶשׁת־גִּ ְל ָﬠ֛ד ל֖ וֹ ָבּ ִנ֑ים וַ יִּ גְ ְדּ ֨לוּ ְ ֽבנ‬ ‫ן־א ָ ֥שּׁה ַא ֶ ֖ח ֶרת ָ ֽא ָתּה׃‬ ִ ‫ָא ִ֔בינוּ ִ ֛כּי ֶבּ‬ 11:2

‫ית־א ִבינוּ‬ ָ ‫ְבּ ֵב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 31:14; Judg 11:2

——————————

JUDGES ‫ית־א ִבינוּ‬ ָ ‫ ְבּ ֵב‬twice Gen 31:14 Judg 11:2

‫בבית אבינו ̇ב‬

203

Mm

‫העוד לנו חלק‬ ‫ויגרש את יפתח‬

Com.: The Mp heading at Gen 31:14 adds catchwords ‫ )לֹא ִתנְ ַחל( לא תנחל‬to refer the reader to this verse.

JUDGES 11:3 ‫יקים וַ יֵּ ְצ ֖אוּ ִﬠ ֽמּוֹ׃ פ‬ ִ֔ ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֣י ֶא ָ֔חיו וַ ֵיּ ֶ֖שׁב ְבּ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ֑טוֹב וַ יִּ ְֽת ַל ְקּ ֤טוּ ֶאל־יִ ְפ ָתּ ֙ח ֲאנָ ִ ֣שׁים ֵר‬ ְ ‫יִּב ַ ֤רח‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬ 11:3

‫יִּב ַרח יִ ְפ ָתּח‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬

Unique 11:3

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫ְבּ ֶא ֶרץ טוֹב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫ ) ֵמ ֶא ֶרץ טוֹב( מ‬in v. 5; see directly below. 11:3

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַל ְקּטוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:4 ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֖מּוֹן ִﬠם־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֖הי ִמיָּ ִ ֑מים וַ יִּ ָלּ ֲח ֥מוּ ְב ֵנ‬ 11:4

‫וַ יְ ִהי ִמיָּ ִמים‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 23:1.

Mp

204

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 11:5 ‫כוּ זִ ְק ֵנ֣י גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד ָל ַ ֥ ק ַחת ֶאת־יִ ְפ ָ ֖תּח ֵמ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ֽטוֹב׃‬ ֙ ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֖מּוֹן ִﬠם־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ ֵיּ ְֽל‬ ַ ‫וַ יְ ִ֕הי ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁר־נִ ְל ֲח ֥מוּ ְב ֵנ‬ 11:5

‫וַ יְ ִ֕הי‬

Twice with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl) in the book

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 6:7; 11:5

——————————

‫ וַ יְ ִהי‬twice with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl) in the book Judg 6:7 Judg 11:5

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫ויהי ̇ב‬

Mm

‫כי זעקו‬ ‫כאשר נלחמו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the book with the accent zaqeṕ gaḏôl. 11:5

‫ֵמ ֶא ֶרץ טוֹב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫ ) ְבּ ֶא ֶרץ טוֹב( ב‬in v. 3; see directly above.

Com.: In ML above the ‫ ̇ל‬there is a Mp note of ‫י‬, which has no associated circellus and does not match any of the immediate words in its vicinity.

JUDGES 11:6 ‫֥יתה ָלּ֖נוּ ְל ָק ִ ֑צין וְ ִנ ָֽלּ ֲח ָ ֖מה ִבּ ְב ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֽמּוֹן׃‬ ָ ִ‫יִפ ָ֔תּח ְל ָ֕כה וְ ָהי‬ ְ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ְל‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 11:6

‫יתה‬ ָ ִ‫וְ ָהי‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:6; 2 Sam 5:2 (‫יתה‬ ָ ִ‫)הי‬ ָ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence written defective second ‫ )וְ ָהיִ ָתה( י‬at 2 Sam 10:11.

JUDGES 11:6

‫וְ נִ ָלּ ֲח ָמה‬

Four times

205

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 1:3.

JUDGES 11:7 ‫אתם ֵא ַ ֙לי‬ ֤ ֶ ‫וּמ ֜דּ ַוּ� ָבּ‬ ַ ‫אוֹתי וַ ְתּגָ ְר ֖שׁוּנִ י ִמ ֵבּ֣ית ָא ִ ֑בי‬ ִ֔ ‫אתם‬ ֣ ֶ ֵ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ְלזִ ְק ֵנ֣י גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד ֲה ֤ל ֹא ַא ֶתּ ֙ם ְשׂנ‬ ְ ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫֔ ַﬠ ָתּה ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ַ ֥צר ָל ֶ ֽכם׃‬ 11:7

‫וַ ְתּגָ ְרשׁוּנִ י‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

11:7

�‫דּוּ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ַ

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is this lemma’s only occurrence. MA correctly reads unique, and MC reads unique and plene (‫)ו‬.

Ten times 1–5 6–10

̇‫י‬

Mp

Num 12:8; 16:3; Judg 9:28; 11:7; 11:26 1 Sam 20:2; 2 Sam 18:11; 19:44; 1 Kgs 1:13; 2:43

—————————— �‫דּוּ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ten times 1–5

6–10

̇‫ומדוע י‬

Num 12:8 Num 16:3 Judg 9:28 Judg 11:7 Judg 11:26 1 Sam 20:2 2 Sam 18:11 2 Sam 19:44 1 Kgs 1:13 1 Kgs 2:43

Mm ‫לא יראתם‬ ‫ומדוע תתנשאו על קהל‬ ‫ומדוע נעבדנו‬ ‫ומדוע באתם‬ ‫לא הצלתם‬ ‫ומדוע יסתיר אבי‬ ‫לא )הכיהו( ]הכיתו[ שם‬ ‫ומדוע הקלתני‬ [‫)אדניה( ]אדניהו‬ ‫לא שמרת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (61x) without a cj.

206

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 11:8 ‫֤ית ֨ ָלּ ֙נוּ‬ ָ ִ‫אמרוּ֩ זִ ְק ֵ֨ני גִ ְל ֜ ָﬠד ֶאל־יִ ְפ ָ֗תּח ָל ֵ ֙כן ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ַ ֣שׁ ְבנוּ ֵא ֔ ֶלי� וְ ָה ַל ְכ ָ ֣תּ ִﬠ ָ֔מּנוּ וְ נִ ְל ַח ְמ ָ ֖תּ ִבּ ְב ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֑מּוֹן וְ ָהי‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ְל ֔ר ֹאשׁ ְל ֖כֹל י ְֹשׁ ֵ ֥בי גִ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬ 11:8

‫ְלרֹאשׁ‬

Five times in the book 1–5

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 5:30; 10:18; 11:8; 11:9; 11:11

Com.: The Mp heading here notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the book, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (19x) in other books; see directly below at v. 9.

The Mp headings at Judg 10:18 and 11:9 note all twenty-four occurrences of this lemma throughout the Bible. However, the Mp heading at Judg 5:30 mistakenly reads twenty-one instead of twenty-four.

JUDGES 11:9 ‫אוֹתם ְל ָפ ָנ֑י‬ ֖ ָ ‫הו֛ה‬ ָ ְ‫אוֹתי ְל ִה ָלּ ֵח ֙ם ִבּ ְב ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֔מּוֹן וְ נָ ַ ֧תן י‬ ֙ ִ ‫ם־מ ִשׁ ִ֨יבים ַא ֶ ֤תּם‬ ְ ‫יִפ ָ֜תּח ֶאל־זִ ְק ֵנ֣י גִ ְל ֗ ָﬠד ִא‬ ְ ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫ָאנ ִֹ֕כי ֶא ְה ֶי֥ה ָל ֶכ֖ם ְל ֽר ֹאשׁ׃‬ 11:9

‫ְמ ִשׁ ִיבים‬

Unique 11:9

‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ְלרֹאשׁ‬

Twenty-four times

‫̇כ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 5:30.

Mp

JUDGES 11:10 ‫ם־ל ֹא ִכ ְד ָב ְר�֖ ֵ ֥כּן נַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֽשׂה׃‬ ֥ ‫ינוֹתינוּ ִא‬ ֵ֔ ‫הוה יִ ְה ֶי֤ה שׁ ֵֹ֨מ ַ ֙� ֵ ֽבּ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫אמ ֥רוּ זִ ְק ֵנֽי־גִ ְל ָ ֖ﬠד ֶאל־יִ ְפ ָ ֑תּח י‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ 11:10 Three times

‫ינוֹתינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ֵבּ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 22:34.

JUDGES

207

JUDGES 11:11 ‫ל־דּ ָב ָ ֛ריו‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יִפ ָ ֧תּח ֶא‬ ְ ‫וּל ָק ִ ֑צין וַ יְ ַד ֵ֨בּר‬ ְ ‫יהם ְל ֣ר ֹאשׁ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫אוֹתוֹ ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֛ ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ִﬠם־זִ ְק ֵנ֣י גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד וַ יָּ ִ֨שׂימוּ ָה ָ ֥ﬠם‬ ְ �‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֤ל‬ ‫הו֖ה ַבּ ִמּ ְצ ָ ֽפּה׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י י‬ 11:11

‫וּל ָק ִצין‬ ְ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. in v. 6. 11:11

‫ל־דּ ָב ָריו‬ ְ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:11; Amos 7:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with ‫כּל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its five occurrences without ‫) ֶאת ְדּ ָב ָריו( ָכּל‬.

JUDGES 11:12 ‫את ֵא ַל֖י ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֥חם ְבּ ַא ְר ִ ֽצי׃‬ ָ ‫י־ב‬ ֥ ָ ‫ה־לּי וָ ֔ ָל� ִ ֽכּ‬ ֣ ִ ‫מר ַמ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֖מּוֹן ֵלא‬ ַ ‫ל־מ ֶל� ְבּ ֵנ‬ ֥ ֶ ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ַמ ְל ָא ִ֔כים ֶא‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֤ח‬ 11:12

�‫ִלי וָ ָל‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 11:12; 1 Kgs 17:18; 2 Kgs 3:13; 2 Chr 35:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a šəwâ under the ‫ ) ִלי וְ ָל�( ו‬at 1 Kgs 17:13.

JUDGES 11:13 ‫לוֹתוֹ ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם ֵמ ַא ְרנ֥ וֹן‬ ֣ ‫ת־א ְר ִ ֙צי ַבּ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫י־ל ַ ֨קח יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ֶא‬ ָ ‫יִפ ָ֗תּח ִ ֽכּ‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ְל ֲא ֵכ֣י‬ ַ ‫י־ﬠ ֜מּוֹן ֶא‬ ַ ֵ‫אמר֩ ֶ֨מ ֶל� ְבּנ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵ ֑דּן וְ ַﬠ ָ֕תּה ָה ִ ֥שׁ ָיבה ֶא ְת ֶ ֖הן ְבּ ָשׁ ֽלוֹם׃‬ ַ ‫ד־היַּ ֖בֹּק וְ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬ 11:13 Unique

‫ל־מ ְל ֲא ֵכי‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

208

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring once with a preceding ‫( ֶאל‬here), and once with a preceding ‫( ַﬠל‬1 Sam 19:20); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §2, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §2. 11:13

‫ַבּ ֲﬠלוֹתוֹ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 11:13; 1 Sam 15:2 (‫;)בּ ֲﬠ�תוֹ‬ ַ Isa 11:16 (‫)ﬠ�תוֹ‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, with and without the prep. ‫ב‬, twice written defective ‫( ו‬1 Sam 15:2 and Isa 11:16), and once written plene ‫ו‬ (here). 11:13

‫ד־היַּ בֹּק‬ ַ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:13; 11:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וְ ַﬠד‬with ‫היַּ בֹּק‬,ַ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ )וְ ַﬠד יַ בֹּק( יַ בֹּק‬at Deut 3:16 and Josh 12:2. 11:13

‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ ַ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:13; 11:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its five occurrences without a cj. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 11:13

Three times

‫ָה ִשׁ ָיבה‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 11:13; Ps 35:17; 51:14 ——————————

JUDGES ‫ ָה ִשׁ ָיבה‬three times, and their references Judg 11:13 Ps 35:17 Ps 51:14

‫השיבה ̇ג וסימנהון‬

209 Mm

‫השיבה אתהן בשלום‬ ‫השיבה נפשי משאיהם‬ [‫יש( ]ישעך‬ ̇ ) ‫השיבה לי ששון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the lengthened imper., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) with the regular imper. (‫)ה ֵשׁב‬. ָ

JUDGES 11:14 ‫ל־מ ֶל� ְבּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֽמּוֹן׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫יִפ ָ ֑תּח וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל ֙ח ַמ ְל ָא ִ֔כים ֶא‬ ְ ‫וֹסף ֖ﬠוֹד‬ ֶ ֥‫וַ יּ‬ 11:14

‫יּוֹסף‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Seven times plene 1–5 6–7

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Num 22:26; Judg 11:14; 1 Sam 20:17; 23:4; 1 Kgs 16:33 Isa 7:10; 2 Chr 28:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (22x) written defective ‫;)וַ יּ ֶֹסף( ו‬ see 1 Sam 9:8.

JUDGES 11:16 ‫יָּב ֹא ָק ֵ ֽד ָשׁה׃‬ ֖ ַ‫ם־סוּף ו‬ ֔ ַ‫לוֹתם ִמ ִמּ ְצ ָ ֑ריִ ם וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶל� יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ַבּ ִמּ ְד ָבּ ֙ר ַﬠד־י‬ ֣ ָ ‫ִ ֖כּי ַבּ ֲﬠ‬ 11:16

‫ָק ֵד ָשׁה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 13:26; Judg 11:16

—————————— ‫ ָק ֵד ָשׁה‬twice

Num 13:26 Judg 11:16

‫קדשה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫)מלכו( וילכו ויבאו‬ ‫וילך ישראל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (13x) without this adverbial ending (‫)ק ֵדשׁ‬. ָ

210

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 11:17 ‫ה־נּ֣א ְב ַא ְר ֶ֗צ� וְ ֤ל ֹא ָשׁ ַמ ֙ע ֶ ֣מ ֶל� ֱא ֔דוֹם‬ ָ ‫מר ֶא ְﬠ ְבּ ָר‬ ֹ ֜ ‫ל־מ ֶל�֩ ֱא ֨דוֹם ׀ ֵלא‬ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֣ח יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֣אל ַמ ְל ָא ִ ֣כים ׀ ֶא‬ ‫מוֹאב ָשׁ ַל֖ח וְ ֣ל ֹא ָא ָ ֑בה וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥שׁב יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְבּ ָק ֵ ֽדשׁ׃‬ ֛ ָ �‫ל־מ ֶל‬ ֧ ֶ ‫וְ ֨ ַגם ֶא‬ 11:17 Unique

‫ָשׁ ַלח וְ לֹא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:18 ‫מוֹאב ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּן‬ ָ֔ ‫ח־שׁ ֶמ ֙שׁ ְל ֶ ֣א ֶרץ‬ ֶ֨ ‫יָּב ֹא ִמ ִמּזְ ַר‬ ֤ ַ‫מוֹאב ו‬ ָ֔ ‫ת־א ֶרץ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫דוֹם וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ת־א ֶרץ ֱא‬ ֤ ֶ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ַבּ ִמּ ְד ָ֗בּר וַ ָ֜יּ ָסב ֶא‬ ‫מוֹאב׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫מוֹאב ִ ֥כּי ַא ְרנ֖ וֹן גְּ ֥בוּל‬ ָ֔ ‫אוּ ִבּגְ ֣בוּל‬ ֙ ‫א־ב‬ ָ֨ ֹ ‫ְבּ ֵﬠ ֶ֣בר ַא ְרנ֑ וֹן וְ ל‬ 11:18

‫וַ יָּ ָסב‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma (qal of ‫)ס ַבב‬, ָ to distinguish it from the nine occurrences in its more usual form ‫וַ יִּ סֹּב‬. 11:18

Unique

‫מוֹאב‬ ָ ‫ְל ֶא ֶרץ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences without this prep. (‫מוֹאב‬ ָ ‫) ֶא ֶרץ‬, one of which occurs in this verse, and one in v. 15. 11:18

Unique

‫וַ יַּ ֲחנוּן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a paragogic ‫נ‬, to distinguish it from more numerous occurrences (81x) without this ‫)וַ יַּ ֲחנוּ( נ‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring only once with a final ‫;ן‬ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §75, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §72.

JUDGES 11:18

‫א־באוּ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

211

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a cj.

JUDGES 11:20 ‫ל־ﬠ ֔מּוֹ ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּ ְבּ ָי ְ֑ה ָצה וַ יִּ ָלּ ֶ֖חם ִﬠם־‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יחוֹן ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יחוֹן ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֲﬠ ֣בֹר ִבּגְ ֻב ֔לוֹ וַ יֶּ ֱא ֤סֹף ִס‬ ֤ ‫א־ה ֱא ִ֨מין ִס‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 11:20

‫ִבּגְ ֻבלוֹ‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 23:17 (‫ ;)גְּ ֻבלוֹ‬Num 20:21; 21:23; Judg 11:20; Ezek 43:12 (‫)גְּ ֻבלוֹ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences written plene ‫)גְּ בוּלוֹ( ו‬. 11:20

‫וַ יִּ ָלּ ֶחם ִﬠם־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 17:8; Judg 11:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ ִﬠם‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with the prep. ‫)וַ יִּ ָלּ ֶחם ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל( ב‬.

JUDGES 11:21 ‫ל־א ֶרץ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ל־ﬠ ֛מּוֹ ְבּיַ ֥ד יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל וַ יַּ ֑כּוּם וַ יִּ ַיר ֙שׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֵ ֚את ָכּ‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יחוֹן וְ ֶא‬ ֧ ‫ת־ס‬ ִ ‫�הי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ֶא‬ ֽ ֵ ‫הוה ֱא‬ ָ֨ ְ‫ַו֠יִּ ֵתּן י‬ ‫יוֹשׁב ָה ָ ֥א ֶרץ ַה ִ ֽהיא׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֔רי‬ 11:21

‫וַ יַּ כּוּם‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 7:5.

Mp

212 11:21

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫יוֹשׁב‬ ֵ

Four times plene in the book Com.: See Judg 1:9.

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:22 ‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵ ֽדּן׃‬ ַ ‫ן־ה ִמּ ְד ָ ֖בּר וְ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ִ ‫ד־היַּ ֔בֹּק‬ ַ ‫נוֹן וְ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫וַ ִיּ ְ֣יר ֔שׁוּ ֵ ֖את ָכּל־גְּ ֣בוּל ָה ֱאמ ִ ֹ֑רי ֵ ֽמ ַא ְר‬ 11:22

‫ד־היַּ בֹּק‬ ַ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

11:22

‫ד־היַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ ַ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 11:13. Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 11:13.

JUDGES 11:24 ‫�הינוּ ִמ ָפּ ֵנ֖ינוּ‬ ֛ ֵ ‫הו֧ה ֱא‬ ָ ְ‫הוֹרישׁ י‬ ֜ ִ ‫ל־א ֶ֨שׁר‬ ֲ ‫ירשׁ וְ ֵא ֩ת ָכּ‬ ֑ ָ ‫אוֹתוֹ ִת‬ ֥ �‫�הי‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ישׁ�֛ ְכּ ֥מוֹשׁ ֱא‬ ְ ‫יוֹר‬ ֽ ִ ‫ֲה ֞ל ֹא ֵ ֣את ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר‬ ‫ירשׁ׃‬ ֽ ָ ִ‫אוֹתוֹ נ‬ ֥ 11:24 Unique 11:24

Unique

�‫ישׁ‬ ְ ‫יוֹר‬ ִ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ִת ָירשׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ר‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a paṯaḥ (‫)ת ַירשׁ‬ ִ at Prov 30:23.

JUDGES

213

JUDGES 11:25 ‫מוֹאב ֲה ֥רוֹב ָר ֙ב ִﬠם־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִאם־נִ ְל ֥חֹם נִ ְל ַ ֖חם ָ ֽבּם׃‬ ֑ ָ �‫ן־צ ֖פּוֹר ֶ ֣מ ֶל‬ ִ ‫טוֹב ַא ָ֔תּה ִמ ָבּ ָ ֥לק ֶבּ‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֗תּה ֲה ֥טוֹב‬ 11:25

‫ֲהטוֹב‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 11:25; 18:19; Job 10:3; 13:9 ——————————

‫ ֲהטוֹב‬four times, and their references Judg 11:25 Judg 18:19 Job 13:9 Job 10:3

‫הטוב ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫מבלק‬ ‫היותך‬ ‫יחקר‬ ‫תעשק‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) with the def. article (‫;)הטּוֹב‬ ַ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §15E. 11:25

‫ִמ ָבּ ָלק‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

11:25

‫ֲהרוֹב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (40x) without this preposition.

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 11:25; Job 11:2 (‫;)הר ֹב‬ ֲ 40:2 (‫)הר ֹב‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written defective ‫( ו‬Job 11:2 and 40:2), and once written plene ‫( ו‬here).

214

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

11:25

‫נִ ְלחֹם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ḥolem (infin. absol.), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) with a paṯaḥ (‫נִ ְל ַחם‬, perf.), one of which is in the same verse, and from its more numerous occurrences (11x) with a qameṣ (‫נִ ְל ָחם‬, ptcp.). Com.: In ML there are two circelli on this lemma. 11:25

‫נִ ְל ַחם‬

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 9:17.

Mp

JUDGES 11:26 ‫ל־ה ָﬠ ִר ֙ים ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ַﬠל־יְ ֵ ֣די ַא ְרנ֔ וֹן ְשׁ�֥ שׁ‬ ֽ ֶ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ ‫יה‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ֗ ‫וּב ְב‬ ִ ‫וּב ַﬠ ְר ֣ﬠוֹר‬ ְ ‫יה‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ֜ ‫וּב ְב‬ ִ ‫שׁ ֶבת ִ֠י ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ְבּ ֶח ְשׁ ֨בּוֹן‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ְבּ‬ ‫א־ה ַצּ ְל ֶ ֖תּם ָבּ ֵ ֥ﬠת ַה ִ ֽהיא׃‬ ִ ֹ ‫וּמ ֥דּ ַוּ� ֽל‬ ַ ‫ֵמ ֖אוֹת ָשׁ ָנ֑ה‬ 11:26

‫ְבּ ֶשׁ ֶבת‬

‫ ְבּ ֶשׁ ֶבת‬twice

Judg 11:26 Ezek 38:14

‫בשבת ̇ב‬

‫בשבת ישראל בחשבון‬ ‫בשבת עמי ישראל‬

And once (‫)כּ ֶשׁ ֶבת‬: ְ Esth 1:2 —————————— ‫ ְבּ ֶשׁ ֶבת‬twice

Judg 11:26 Ezek 38:14

Mm1

‫בשבת ̇ב‬

[‫וחד כשבת המלך )אחשורש( ]אחשורוש‬ Mm2

‫ישראל בחשבון‬ ‫עמי ישראל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, and one occurrence with the prep. ‫)כּ ֶשׁ ֶבת( כ‬ ְ at Esth 1:2. This note occurs twice on the same folio, the first one at the upper left of fol. 141r, and the second at the bottom right of this folio.

JUDGES 11:26 Unique

215

‫יה‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ ‫וּב ְב‬ ִ ‫ְבּ ֶח ְשׁבּוֹן‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ ‫וּב ְב‬ ִ but, since this lemma Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫יה‬ occurs four times written plene and defective ‫( ו‬and twice in this verse), it is most likely that the note refers to the combined phrase ‫יה‬ ָ ‫נוֹת‬ ֶ ‫וּב ְב‬ ִ ‫ ְבּ ֶח ְשׁבּוֹן‬, which only occurs once here. 11:26

Ten times

�‫דּוּ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 11:7.

JUDGES 11:27 ‫הו֤ה ַהשּׁ ֵֹפ ֙ט ַהיּ֔ וֹם ֵ ֚בּין ְבּ ֵנ֣י‬ ָ ְ‫אתי ֔ ָל� וְ ַא ָ֞תּה ע ֶ ֹ֥שׂה ִא ִ ֛תּי ָר ָ ֖ﬠה ְל ִה ָלּ ֶ֣חם ִ ֑בּי יִ ְשׁ ֨ ֹפּט י‬ ִ ‫א־ח ָ ֣ט‬ ָ ֹ ‫ֹכי ֽל‬ ֙ ִ ‫וְ ָ ֽאנ‬ ‫וּבין ְבּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֽמּוֹן׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל‬ 11:27

‫וְ ָאנ ִֹכי‬

Nine times at the beginning of a verse and similarly all The Twelve 1–5 6–9

̇‫עשר דכו‬ ̇ ‫ראש פסוק וכל תרי‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Deut 10:10; 31:18; Judg 11:27; 2 Sam 3:39; Isa 51:15 Isa 66:18; Jer 2:21; 3:19; Ps 22:7

——————————

‫ וְ ָאנ ִֹכי‬nine times at the beginning of a verse, and their references 1–5

6–9

Mp

Deut 10:10 Deut 31:18 Judg 11:27 2 Sam 3:39 Isa 66:18 Ps 22:7 Jer 2:21 Jer 3:19 Isa 51:15

‫ואנכי ̇ט ראש פסוק וסימנהון‬

‫עמדתי בהר‬ ‫הסתר אסתיר פני‬ ‫לא חטאתי‬ ‫ואנכי היום רך‬ ‫מעשיהם ומחשבתיהם‬ ‫תולעת ולא איש‬ ‫נטעתיך שרק )כלו( ]כלה[ זרע‬ ‫אשיתך‬ ‫רגע הים‬

And similarly all The Twelve

‫עשר דכותהון‬ ̇ ‫וכל תרי‬

Mm

216

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) at the beginning of a verse without a cj.

The Masorah also notes that this lemma at the beginning of a verse also occurs (5x) in The Twelve. All the Mp headings highlighted above read nine times, apart from the one at Isa 66:18, which mistakenly reads ten times.

JUDGES 11:29 ‫וּמ ִמּ ְצ ֵפּ֣ה גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד‬ ִ ‫ת־מ ְצ ֵפּ֣ה גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד‬ ִ ‫ת־מנַ ֶ ֑שּׁה ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠב ֹ֙ר ֶא‬ ְ ‫ת־הגִּ ְל ָ ֖ﬠד וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫הוה וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֥בֹר ֶא‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫ל־יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ ְ ‫וַ ְתּ ִ ֤הי ַﬠ‬ ‫ָﬠ ַ ֖בר ְבּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֽמּוֹן׃‬ 11:29

‫ַﬠל־יִ ְפ ָתּח‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ﬠל‬,ַ to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫ ) ֶאל יִ ְפ ָתּח( ֶאל‬in vv. 3, 8, and 10.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once preceded by the prep. ‫ ַ;ﬠל‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §76, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §155 11:29

‫ת־מנַ ֶשּׁה‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 48:13; Judg 11:29

—————————— ‫ת־מנַ ֶשּׁה‬ ְ ‫ וְ ֶא‬twice Gen 48:13 Judg 11:29

‫ואת מנשה ̇ב‬ ‫ואת מנשה בשמאלו‬ ‫ויעבר את הגלעד‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its four occurrences without a cj. 11:29

Unique

‫ָﬠ ַבר ְבּנֵ י ַﬠמּוֹן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

217

JUDGES 11:30 ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֖מּוֹן ְבּיָ ִ ֽדי׃‬ ְ ‫אמר ִאם־נָ ֥תוֹן ִתּ ֵ ֛תּן ֶא‬ ֑ ַ ֹ ‫יהו֖ה וַ יּ‬ ָ ‫יִפ ָ ֥תּח ֶנ ֶ֛ דר ַל‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֨דּר‬ 11:30

‫וַ יִּ ַדּר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 28:20; Num 21:2; Judg 11:30 —————————— ‫ וַ יִּ ַדּר‬three times Gen 28:20 Num 21:2 Judg 11:30

‫וידר ̇ג‬

Mm

‫וידר יעקב‬ ‫וידר ישראל נדר‬ [‫וידר יפתח נדר )לייי̇ ( ]ליהוה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a ‫)יִ דּ ֹר( ו‬. 11:30

‫נָ תוֹן‬

Five times plene 1–4 5

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 41:43 (‫ ;)וְ נָ תוֹן‬Deut 15:10; Judg 8:25; 11:30; All the Writings (Qoh 8:9 [‫ ;]וְ נָ תוֹן‬Esth 2:3; 6:9)

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its six occurrences in various forms written defective ‫וְ נָ תֹן( ו‬/‫)נָ תֹן‬. The Mp heading here of five times plene is taking all the Writings as one reference, but the Mp headings at Gen 41:43, Esth 2:3 and 6:9, that read seven times, take these three references in the Writings as separate entries. The Mp heading at Qoh 8:9 mistakenly reads seventeen times for seven times.

218

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 11:31 ‫יתהוּ‬ ֖ ִ ‫יהוה וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִל‬ ֔ ָ ‫שׁוּבי ְב ָשׁל֖ וֹם ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֑מּוֹן וְ ָהיָ ֙ה ַ ֽל‬ ֥ ִ ‫אתי ְבּ‬ ִ֔ ‫יתי ִל ְק ָר‬ ֙ ִ ‫יּוֹצא ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יֵ ֵ֜צא ִמ ַדּ ְל ֵ ֤תי ֵב‬ ֵ֗ ‫וְ ָה ָי֣ה ַה‬ ‫עוֹלה׃ פ‬ ָֽ 11:31

‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫ַה‬

Four times plene in the Prophets

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Judg 11:31; Jer 5:6; 21:9 (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫ ;)וְ ַה‬Ezek 33:30

Mp

——————————

‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫ ַה‬four times plene in the Prophets

Judg 11:31 Jer 5:6 The first occurrence of ‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫( וְ ַה‬Jer 21:9) Ezek 33:30 And similarly all the Writings

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫היוצא ̇ד‬

Mm

‫והיה היוצא אשר יצא‬ ‫כל היוצא מהנה‬ ‫קדמ‬ ̇ {‫והיוצא }מהנה‬ ‫מה הדבר היוצא מאת יהוה‬

‫וכל כתיבייה דכותהון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in various forms in the Prophets written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences in various forms in the Prophets written defective ‫)היּ ֵֹצא( ו‬. ַ

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of the first occurrence to the catchword ‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫ וְ ַה‬in the Jer 21:9 reference, which distinguishes the lemma in that verse from its second occurrence at Jer 38:2, where it is written defective ‫ ו‬as ‫וְ ַהיּ ֵֹצא‬.

The Masorah also notes that in the Writings the plene form (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ‫)ה‬ ַ is the only one that occurs. 11:31

Unique

‫יתהוּ‬ ִ ‫וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

ִ ‫)וְ ַה ֲﬠ ִל‬, and both these mss. Com.: Both MC and MA read here plene second ‫יתיהוּ( י‬ have Mp notes that read unique and plene (second ‫)י‬.

JUDGES

219

JUDGES 11:33 ‫עוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֔מּוֹן‬ ֙ ְ‫אד וַ יִּ ָ ֽכּנ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫דוֹל֣ה ְמ‬ ָ ְ‫ד־בּוֹא ֨� ִמ ִ֜נּית ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֣רים ֗ ִﬠיר וְ ַﬠ ֙ד ָא ֵב֣ל ְכּ ָר ִ֔מים ַמ ָ ֖כּה גּ‬ ֲ ‫רוֹﬠר֩ וְ ַﬠ‬ ֵ ‫וַ יַּ ֵ֡כּם ֵמ ֲﬠ‬ ‫ִמ ְפּ ֵנ֖י ְבּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ 11:33

�‫ד־בּוֹא‬ ֲ ‫רוֹﬠר וְ ַﬠ‬ ֵ ‫ֵמ ֲﬠ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

11:33

‫וְ ַﬠד ָא ֵבל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:33; 1 Sam 6:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a cj. (‫ ) ַﬠד ָא ֵבל‬at Num 33:49 and 1 Kgs 4:12. 11:33

‫דוֹלה ְמאֹד‬ ָ ְ‫ַמ ָכּה גּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Josh 10:20; Judg 11:33; 1 Sam 4:10 (‫דוֹלה ְמאֹד‬ ָ ְ‫) ַה ַמּ ָכּה גּ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice without the def. article on ‫( ַמ ָכּה‬Josh 10:20 and here), and once written with the def. article on ‫ַמ ָכּה‬ (‫דוֹלה ְמאֹד‬ ָ ְ‫ ַה ַמּ ָכּה גּ‬, 1 Sam 4:10).

JUDGES 11:34 ‫ידה ֵ ֽאין־‬ ֔ ָ ‫וּב ְמחֹל֑ וֹת וְ ַר ֙ק ִ ֣היא יְ ִח‬ ִ ‫אתוֹ ְב ֻת ִ ֖פּים‬ ֔ ‫תּוֹ י ֵֹצ֣את ִל ְק ָר‬ ֙ ‫ל־בּיתוֹ֒ וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ִב‬ ֵ ‫יִפ ָ ֣תּח ַה ִמּ ְצ ָפּ ֮ה ֶא‬ ְ ‫יָּב ֹא‬ ֨ ַ‫ו‬ ‫אוֹ־בת׃‬ ַֽ ‫ל֥ וֹ ִמ ֶ ֛מּנּוּ ֵ ֖בּן‬ 11:34 Unique

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה ִבתּוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

220

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

11:34

‫וּב ְמחֹלוֹת‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 15:20 (‫;)וּב ְמחֹ�ת‬ ִ Judg 11:34

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene second ‫( ו‬here) and one written defective second ‫( ו‬Exod 15:20). The Mp heading at Exod 15:20 adds catchwords ‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה ִבתּוֹ( והנה בתו יצאת לקראתו‬ ‫ )י ֵֹצאת ִל ְק ָראתוֹ‬to refer the reader to this verse. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that commence with ‫ ;וב‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §62, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §63. 11:34

‫וְ ַרק‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

11:34

‫יְ ִח ָידה‬

Mp

Com.: See Josh 6:18.

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the fem., to distinguish it from its three occurrences in the masc. (‫)יָ ִחיד‬.

JUDGES 11:35 ‫֣ית ְבּ ֽﬠֹ ְכ ָ ֑רי וְ ָאנ ִֹ֗כי‬ ְ ִ‫תּי ַה ְכ ֵ ֣ר ַ� ִה ְכ ַר ְﬠ ִ֔תּנִ י וְ ַ ֖א ְתּ ָהי‬ ֙ ִ ‫אמ ֙ר ֲא ָ ֤ההּ ִבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־בּגָ ָ ֗דיו וַ ֨יּ‬ ְ ‫אוֹתהּ וַ יִּ ְק ַ ֣רע ֶא‬ ָ֜ ‫אוֹתוֹ‬ ֨ ‫וַ יְ ִהי֩ ִכ ְר‬ ‫אוּכ֖ל ָל ֽשׁוּב׃‬ ַ ‫הוה וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫י־פי ֶאל־י‬ ֙ ִ ‫ית‬ ִ ‫ָפּ ִ ֤צ‬ 11:35 Unique 11:35

Unique

�ַ ‫ַה ְכ ֵר‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ִה ְכ ַר ְﬠ ִתּנִ י‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

JUDGES 11:35

‫ְבּע ְֹכ ָרי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

221

Mp

Com.: In ML this lemma does not have a circellus. 11:35

‫אוּכל‬ ַ ‫וְ לֹא‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 11:35; Jer 20:9; Neh 6:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (22x) without a cj.

JUDGES 11:36 �֙ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָשׂ ֩ה ְל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫שׂה ֔ ִלי ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר יָ ָצ֣א ִמ ִ ֑פּי� ַא ֲח ֵ ֡רי ֲא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫הוה ֲﬠ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫ת־פּ ֙י� ֶאל־י‬ ִ֨ ‫יתה ֶא‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֗ ָליו ָא ִ ֙בי ָפּ ִ ֤צ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣תּ‬ ‫ֹיְבי� ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ֽמּוֹן׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫הו֧ה נְ ָק ֛מוֹת ֵמא‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 11:36 Unique

‫יתה‬ ָ ‫ָפּ ִצ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:37 ‫ל־ה ָה ִ ֔רים‬ ֽ ֶ ‫יה יֵ ָ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂה ִ ֖לּי ַה ָדּ ָ ֣בר ַה ֶזּ֑ה ַה ְר ֵ֨פּה ִמ ֶ֜מּנִּ י ְשׁ ַנ֣ יִ ם ֳח ָד ִ֗שׁים וְ ֵ ֽא ְל ָכ ֙ה וְ יָ ַר ְד ִ ֣תּי ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ל־א ִ֔ב‬ ָ ‫אמ ֙ר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨תּ‬ ‫תוּלי ָאנ ִ ֹ֖כי וְ ֵרעי ֹ ָ ֽתי׃‬ ַ ֔ ‫ל־בּ‬ ְ ‫וְ ֶא ְב ֶכּ ֙ה ַﬠ‬ 11:37

‫יֵ ָﬠ ֶשׂה‬

Thirty-six times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36

̇‫̇לו‬

Mp

Gen 29:26; 34:7; Exod 2:4; 12:16a; 12:16b Exod 21:31; 31:15; Lev 2:8; 7:24; 11:32 Lev 13:51; 24:19; Num 4:26; 6:4; 15:11 Num 15:34; 28:15; 28:24; Deut 25:9; Judg 11:37 1 Sam 11:7; 17:26; 17:27; 2 Sam 13:12; 2 Kgs 12:14 Isa 3:11; Jer 3:16; 5:13; Ezek 12:11; 15:5 Ezek 44:14; Obad 15; Esth 2:11; 6:9; 6:11; Ezra 10:3

222

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirty-six occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (123x) in the qal (‫ ;)יַ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §13A.

11:37

‫ַה ְר ֵפּה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:37; 2 Kgs 4:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (6x) of its parallel form ‫ ֶ;ה ֶרף‬see 1 Sam 11:3. 11:37

Unique 1–3

‫ְשׁנַ יִ ם ֳח ָד ִשׁים‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Judg 11:37; 11:39; 1 Kgs 5:28

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are three occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ֳח ָד ִשׁים‬with ‫שׁנַ יִ ם‬, ְ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ ) ְשׁנֵ י ֳח ָד ִשׁים( ְשׁנֵ י‬in v. 38. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 11:37

‫וְ ֶא ְב ֶכּה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:37; Jer 8:23

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וָ ֶא ְב ֶכּה‬see 2 Sam 12:22. 11:37

‫וְ ֵרעי ָֹתי‬

Read ‫עוֹתי‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵר‬

̇‫ורעותי קרי‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ורעיתי‬, and the qərê (‫עוֹתי‬ ָ ‫ )וְ ֵר‬represent miscellaneous variations in nouns; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 124.

JUDGES

223

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that has a ‫ י‬written in the middle of a word that is read as ‫ ;ו‬see the Mm at Num 1:16 sub ‫קריאי‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, 80, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §71. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 11:38 ‫ל־ה ָה ִ ֽרים׃‬ ֶ ‫֖יה ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫תוּל‬ ֶ ‫ל־בּ‬ ְ ‫יה וַ ֵ ֥תּ ְבךְּ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫עוֹת‬ ֶ֔ ‫יא וְ ֵ ֣ר‬ ֙ ‫אוֹתהּ ְשׁ ֵנ֣י ֳח ָד ִ ֑שׁים וַ ֵ ֤תּ ֶל� ִה‬ ֖ ָ ‫אמר ֔ ֵל ִכי וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֥ח‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 11:38 Unique

‫יה‬ ָ ‫עוֹת‬ ֶ ‫וְ ֵר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 11:39 ‫יא לֹא־יָ ְד ָﬠ֣ה ִ֔אישׁ‬ ֙ ‫שׁר נָ ָ ֑דר וְ ִה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יה וַ ַיּ ַ֣ﬠשׂ ֔ ָלהּ ֶאת־נִ ְד ֖רוֹ ֲא‬ ָ ‫ל־א ִ֔ב‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ֞הי ִמ ֵ ֣קּץ ׀ ְשׁ ַנ֣ יִם ֳח ָד ִ֗שׁים וַ ָ֨תּ ָשׁ ֙ב ֶא‬ ‫וַ ְתּ ִהי־ ֖חֹק ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 11:39 Unique

‫ֶאת־נִ ְדרוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. at 1 Sam 1:21. 11:39

Unique

‫וַ ְתּ ִהי־חֹק ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 11:40 ‫ת־יִפ ָ ֖תּח ַהגִּ ְל ָﬠ ִ ֑די ַא ְר ַ ֥בּ ַﬠת יָ ִ ֖מים ַבּ ָשּׁ ָנֽה׃ ס‬ ְ ‫ימה ֵתּ ֨ ַל ְכנָ ֙ה ְבּנ֣ וֹת יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ְל ַתנּ֕ וֹת ְל ַב‬ ָ ‫יָמ‬ ִ֗ ‫ִמיָּ ִ ֣מים ׀‬ 11:40 Five times 1–5

‫ימה‬ ָ ‫יָמ‬ ִ ‫ִמיָּ ִמים ׀‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Exod 13:10; Judg 11:40; 21:19; 1 Sam 1:3; 2:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (11x) of its parallel phrase ‫ ָשׁנָ ה ְבּ ָשׁנָ ה‬also meaning yearly; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫י‬, §257.

224

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

11:40

‫ְל ַתנּוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 11:40; Mal 1:3

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of homonyms; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. Here the meaning is to celebrate, whereas in Mal 1:3 the meaning is for jackals.

JUDGES 12:1 ‫י־ﬠ ֗מּוֹן וְ ֨ ָל ֙נוּ ֤ל ֹא‬ ַ ֵ‫יִפ ָ֜תּח ַמ ֣דּ ַוּ� ׀ ָﬠ ַ ֣ב ְר ָתּ ׀ ְל ִה ָלּ ֵ ֣חם ִבּ ְבנ‬ ְ ‫אמ ֨רוּ ְל‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֵﬠ ֙ק ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא ְפ ַ ֔ריִם ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֖בֹר ָצ ֑פוֹנָ ה וַ יּ‬ ‫ית ֕� נִ ְשׂ ֥ר ֹף ָﬠ ֶל֖י� ָבּ ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ְ ‫את ָל ֶל ֶ֣כת ִﬠ ָ֔מּ� ֵבּ‬ ָ֙ ‫ָק ָ ֨ר‬ 12:1

‫וַ יִּ ָצּ ֵﬠק‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 7:23. 12:1

‫וְ ָלנוּ‬

Three times

Judg 12:1; 1 Sam 23:20; Dan 9:7 ——————————

‫ וְ ָלנוּ‬three times, and their references Judg 12:1 1 Sam 23:20 Dan 9:7

‫ולנו ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ולנו לא קראת ללכת‬ ‫ולנו הסגירו‬ ‫ולנו בשת הפנים‬

And once (‫)וָ ָלנוּ‬: Ezra 4:3

‫וחד לא לכם ולנו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫ו‬ cj., and the Mm has an additional note that this lemma occurs with a qameṣ under the cj. (‫ )וָ ָלנוּ‬at Ezra 4:3.

JUDGES

225

JUDGES 12:2 ‫א־הוֹשׁ ְﬠ ֶ ֥תּם‬ ַ ֹ ‫אד וָ ֶאזְ ַﬠ֣ק ֶא ְת ֶ֔כם וְ ֽל‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ֽי־ﬠ ֖מּוֹן ְמ‬ ַ ‫וּב ֵנ‬ ְ ‫֛יתי ֲא ִנ֛י וְ ַﬠ ִ ֥מּי‬ ִ ִ‫יהם ִ ֣אישׁ ִ ֗ריב ָהי‬ ֶ֔ ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ֲא ֵל‬ ְ ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫אוֹתי ִמיָּ ָ ֽדם׃‬ ִ֖ 12:2

‫וְ ַﬠ ִמּי‬

Eleven times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇א‬

1–5 6–10 11

Exod 9:27; Judg 12:2; Jer 2:11; 2:32; 5:31 Jer 8:7; 31:14; Hos 11:7; Esth 7:3; 7:4 1 Chr 28:2

12:2

‫וָ ֶאזְ ַﬠק ֶא ְת ֶכם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) without a cj.

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 12:3 ‫הו֖ה ְבּיָ ִ ֑די וְ ָל ָ֞מה‬ ָ ְ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ֔מּוֹן וַ יִּ ְתּ ֵנ֥ם י‬ ְ ‫פּי ָו ֶֽא ְﬠ ְבּ ָר ֙ה ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫ימה נַ ְפ ִ ֤שׁי ְב ַכ‬ ָ ‫מוֹשׁ ַי� וָ ָא ִ֨שׂ‬ ִ֗ ֣� ְ‫י־אינ‬ ֵ ‫ָו ֶֽא ְר ֶ֞אה ִ ֽכּ‬ ‫יתם ֵא ַל֛י ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֖ה ְל ִה ָ ֥לּ ֶחם ִ ֽבּי׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ֲﬠ ִל‬ 12:3

‫ימה‬ ָ ‫וָ ָא ִשׂ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 12:3; Ezra 8:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences without this cohortative ending.

226 12:3

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְב ַכ ִפּי‬

‫ ְב ַכ ִפּי‬nine times in this and a related form 1–5

6–9

Exod 33:22 Exod 33:23 Judg 12:3 1 Sam 28:21 Ezek 22:13 Ezek 21:22a Twice in the verse (Ezek 22:22b) Ps 119:109 Job 13:14

̇‫בכפי ̇ט בלשנ‬

Mm

‫ושכתי כפי עליך‬ ‫והסרתי את כפי‬ ‫ואשימה נפשי‬ ‫ואשים נפשי‬ ‫והנה הכיתי‬ ‫וגם אני אכה כפי אל כפי‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫נפשי בכפי‬ ‫ונפשי אשים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in related forms in the sg., to distinguish them from its eight occurrences in related forms ‫ ב‬in the pl. (‫ ְבּ ַכ ַפּי‬/‫ ;) ַכּ ַפּי‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §220.

JUDGES 12:4 ‫רוּ‬ ֙ ‫ת־א ְפ ַ ֗ריִ ם ִ ֤כּי ָא ְמ‬ ֶ ‫ת־א ְפ ָ ֑ריִ ם וַ יַּ כּוּ֩ ַאנְ ֵ֨שׁי גִ ְל ֜ ָﬠד ֶא‬ ֶ ‫שׁי גִ ְל ֔ ָﬠד וַ יִּ ָלּ ֶ֖חם ֶא‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ל־אנ‬ ַ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫יִפ ָתּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ֤בֹּץ‬ ‫יטי ֶא ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ַא ֶ֔תּם גִּ ְל ֕ ָﬠד ְבּ ֥תוֹ� ֶא ְפ ַ ֖ריִ ם ְבּ ֥תוֹ� ְמנַ ֶ ֽשּׁה׃‬ ֤ ֵ ‫ְפּ ִל‬ 12:4

�‫ְבּתוֹ‬

Two verses in which there is the sequence �‫ ְבּתוֹ‬...�‫ְבּתוֹ‬

‫̇ב פסוק אית בהון בתוך בתוך‬

Mp

Judg 12:4; Ezek 9:4

——————————

Two verses in which there is the sequence �‫ ְבּתוֹ‬...�‫ְבּתוֹ‬ Judg 12:4 Ezek 9:4

‫̇ב פסוק איתה בהון בתוך בתוך‬

‫גלעד בתוך אפרים בתוך מנשה‬ ‫בתוך )העם( ]העיר[ בתוך ירושלם‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two verses in which there is the sequence of the prepositional phrases �‫ ְבּתוֹ‬...�‫ ְבּתוֹ‬. Com.: In ML there is no circellus for this lemma.

JUDGES

227

JUDGES 12:5 ‫אמרוּ ל֧ וֹ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יטי ֶא ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ֶא ֱﬠ ֔בֹ ָרה וַ ֨יּ‬ ֤ ֵ ‫אמ ֞רוּ ְפּ ִל‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־מ ְﬠ ְבּ ֥רוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֖דּן ְל ֶא ְפ ָ ֑ריִ ם ְ ֽו ָ֠היָ ה ִ ֣כּי י‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְל ֥כֹּד גִּ ְל ָ ֛ﬠד ֶ ֽא‬ ‫אמר ׀ ֽל ֹא׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֹ ‫ַאנְ ֵ ֽשׁי־גִ ְל ָ ֛ﬠד ַ ֽה ֶא ְפ ָר ִ ֥תי ַ ֖א ָתּה וַ ֥יּ‬ 12:5

‫ת־מ ְﬠ ְבּרוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 3:28; 12:5

Com.: In ML two circelli have been placed on the words ‫ גִּ ְל ָﬠד ֶאת‬and ‫ַמ ְﬠ ְבּרוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ making a lemma the four-word phrase ‫ת־מ ְﬠ ְבּרוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן‬ ַ ‫גִּ ְל ָﬠד ֶא‬. But since this phrase occurs only once, it is most likely that the intended note was only for ‫ֶאת־‬ ‫ ַמ ְﬠ ְבּרוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן‬. 12:5

‫ַה ֶא ְפ ָר ִתי‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Both MC and MA correctly read here unique.

JUDGES 12:6 ‫אוֹתוֹ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָח ֖טוּהוּ ֶאל־‬ ֔ ‫אחז֣ וּ‬ ֲ ֹ ‫יָכ ֙ין ְל ַד ֵבּ֣ר ֵ֔כּן וַ יּ‬ ִ ‫אמר ִס ֗בֹּ ֶלת וְ ֤ל ֹא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ר־נא ִשׁ ֜בֹּ ֶלת וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ֨ ‫אמרוּ לוֹ֩ ֱא ָמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫וּשׁ ַנ֖ יִ ם ָ ֽא ֶלף׃‬ ְ ‫יא ֵ ֽמ ֶא ְפ ַ ֔ריִ ם ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים‬ ֙ ‫ַמ ְﬠ ְבּ ֣רוֹת ַהיַּ ְר ֵ ֑דּן וַ יִּ ֞ ֹפּל ָבּ ֵﬠ֤ת ַה ִה‬ 12:6 Unique

‫ִסבּ ֶֹלת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ס‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences with a ‫)שׁבּ ֶֹלת( שׁ‬, ִ one of which is in this verse. 12:6

Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

228 12:6

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּהוּ ֶאל‬

1–5

ה‬ ̇

Mp

Judg 12:6; 2 Kgs 10:14 (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָחטוּם‬Jer 41:7 (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ָח ֵטם‬Ezek 40:39 (‫;)ל ְשׁחוֹט‬ ִ 40:41 (‫)יִ ְשׁ ָחטוּ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of forms of the verb ‫ ָשׁ ַחט‬together with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from occurrences of forms of this verb with ‫ﬠל‬,ַ such as at Exod 34:25; Lev 1:11; and 14:6; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. In ML there is a circellus on this lemma but no note, and neither MC nor MA has a note here.

JUDGES 12:8 ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֤פּט ַ ֽא ֲח ָר ֙יו ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִא ְב ָ ֖צן ִמ ֵ ֥בּית ָ ֽל ֶחם׃‬ 12:8

‫ִא ְב ָצן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 12:8; 12:10

JUDGES 12:9 ‫ן־ה ֑חוּץ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּט‬ ַ ‫�שׁים ָבּנ֔ וֹת ֵה ִ ֥ביא ְל ָב ָנ֖יו ִמ‬ ֣ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫וּצה‬ ָ ‫נוֹת ִשׁ ַלּ֣ח ַה ֔ח‬ ֙ ‫�שׁים ָבּ‬ ֤ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים ָבּ ִ֗נים‬ ֣ ִ ‫י־לוֹ ְשׁ‬ ֞ ‫וַ יְ ִה‬ ‫ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶ ֥שׁ ַבע ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ 12:9

‫חוּצה‬ ָ ‫ַה‬

Sixteen times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16

̇‫י̇ ו‬

Mp

Gen 15:5; 19:17; 24:29; 39:12; 39:13 Gen 39:15; 39:18; Deut 24:11; 25:5; Josh 2:19 Judg 12:9; 1 Sam 9:26; 2 Sam 13:17; 1 Kgs 8:8; Ezek 34:21 2 Chr 5:9

——————————

JUDGES ‫חוּצה‬ ָ ‫ ַה‬sixteen times, and their references 1–5

6–10

11–15

16

Gen 15:5 Gen 19:17 Gen 24:29 Gen 39:12 Gen 39:18 Gen 39:13 Gen 39:15 Deut 24:11 Deut 25:5 Josh 2:19 Judg 12:9 1 Sam 9:26 2 Sam 13:17 1 Kgs 8:8 And its companion (2 Chr 5:9) Ezek 34:21

‫החוצה י̇ ו̇ וסימנהון‬

229 Mm

‫ויוצא‬ ‫כהוציאם‬ ‫ולרבקה‬ ‫ותתפשהו‬ ‫כהרימי קולי‬ [‫)כראתו( ]כראותה‬ ‫כשמעו‬ ‫העבוט החוצה‬ ‫אחים‬ ‫מדלתי ביתך החוצה‬ ‫שלח‬ [‫הוא )ושמו̇ ( ]ושמואל‬ ‫משרתו‬ [‫)ויאריכו( ]ויארכו‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ‫אותנה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its seven forms without this adverbial ending. All the Mp references highlighted above read sixteen times except the one at Ezek 34:21, which mistakenly reads twelve times.

JUDGES 12:10 ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֣מת ִא ְב ָ֔צן וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֖בר ְבּ ֵ ֥בית ָ ֽל ֶחם׃ פ‬ 12:10

‫ִא ְב ָצן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 12:8; 12:10 12:10

Three times

‫ְבּ ֵבית ָל ֶחם‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 12:10; Ruth 4:11; 1 Chr 11:16 ——————————

230

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ְבּ ֵבית ָל ֶחם‬three times

‫בבית לחם ̇ג‬

Judg 12:10 ‫ וּנְ ִציב‬of Chronicles (1 Chr 11:16) Ruth 4:11

Mm

‫אבצן ויקבר‬ ‫ונציב דדברי הימים‬ ‫)ויקרא( ]וקרא[ שם בבית‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without this preposition.

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 11:16 reference, which distinguishes the lemma in that verse from its form it has in the parallel verse in 2 Sam 23:14, where it is written without the prep. ‫) ֵבּית ָל ֶחם( ב‬. The Mp heading of 1 Chr 11:16 mistakenly reads twice, but the Mm there correctly lists the three references.

JUDGES 12:11 ‫וּ�נ֑י וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּט ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶ ֥ﬠ ֶשׂר ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֤פּט ַ ֽא ֲח ָר ֙יו ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֵאיל֖ וֹן ַהזְּ ֽב‬ 12:11 Three times

‫ַהזְּ בוּ�נִ י‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 26:27; Judg 12:11; 12:12

JUDGES 12:12 ‫בוּלן׃ פ‬ ֽ ֻ ְ‫וּ�נ֑י וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֥בר ְבּ ַאיָּ ל֖ וֹן ְבּ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ז‬ ִ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֖מת ֵאל֣ וֹן ַהזְּ ֽב‬ 12:12 Three times

‫ַהזְּ בוּ�נִ י‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 12:11.

JUDGES

231

JUDGES 12:13 ‫תוֹנֽי׃‬ ִ ‫ן־ה ֵלּ֖ל ַה ִפּ ְר ָﬠ‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּט ַא ֲח ָ ֖ריו ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ַﬠ ְב ֥דּוֹן ֶבּ‬ 12:13

‫אַח ָ ֖ריו‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּט‬

Unique with the accents (mêrəḵâ and ṭiṕḥa)

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the accents (mêrəḵâ and ṭiṕḥa), to distinguish them from its two other occurrences with the accents mahpaḵ and pašṭâ (‫אַח ָר ֙יו‬ ֲ ‫ )וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֤פּט‬in vv. 8 and 11.

JUDGES 12:14 ‫ל־שׁ ְב ִ ֣ﬠים ֲﬠיָ ִ ֑רם וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֹ֥פּט ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְשׁמ ֶֹנ֥ה‬ ִ ‫�שׁ ֙ים ְבּ ֵנ֣י ָב ִ֔נים ר ְֹכ ִ ֖בים ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫י־לוֹ ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֣ﬠים ָבּ ִ֗נים‬ ֞ ‫וַ יְ ִה‬ ‫ָשׁ ִנֽים׃‬ 12:14

‫ֲﬠיָ ִרם‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 32:16 (‫ ;)וַ ֲﬠיָ ִרם‬Judg 12:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written plene second ‫)ﬠיָ ִרים( י‬. ֲ

JUDGES 12:15 ‫תוֹן ְבּ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ֶא ְפ ַ ֔ריִ ם ְבּ ַ ֖הר ָה ֲﬠ ָמ ֵל ִ ֽ קי׃ פ‬ ֙ ‫תוֹנ֑י וַ יִּ ָקּ ֵ ֤בר ְבּ ִפ ְר ָﬠ‬ ִ ‫ן־ה ֵלּ֖ל ַה ִפּ ְר ָﬠ‬ ִ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֛מת ַﬠ ְב ֥דּוֹן ֶבּ‬ 12:15 Unique

‫ְבּ ִפ ְר ָﬠתוֹן‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 13:1 ‫ד־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֖תּים ַא ְר ָבּ ִ ֥ﬠים ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ פ‬ ְ ַ‫הו֛ה ְבּי‬ ָ ְ‫הו֑ה וַ יִּ ְתּ ֵנ֧ם י‬ ָ ְ‫פוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַל ֲﬠ ֥שׂוֹת ָה ַ ֖רע ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֣י י‬ ֙ ‫וַ יּ ִֹ֨ס‬ 13:1

‫וַ יּ ִֹספוּ‬

Three times written like this

‫כת כן‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: On this problematic note, see Judg 10:6.

232

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 13:2 ‫וּשׁ ֣מוֹ ָמנ֑ ַוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁ ֥תּוֹ ֲﬠ ָק ָ ֖רה וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ָ ֽל ָדה׃‬ ְ ‫וַ יְ ִהי֩ ִ֨אישׁ ֶא ָ ֧חד ִמ ָצּ ְר ָ ֛ﬠה ִמ ִמּ ְשׁ ַ ֥פּ ַחת ַה ָדּ ִנ֖י‬ 13:2

‫וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ ֶא ָחד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 13:2; 1 Sam 1:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ‬with ‫א ָחד‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) without ‫)וַ יְ ִהי ִאישׁ( ֶא ָחד‬. 13:2

‫וְ לֹא יָ ָל ָדה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Isa 54:1.

JUDGES 13:3 ‫־ﬠ ָק ָר ֙ה וְ ֣ל ֹא יָ ֔ ַל ְד ְתּ וְ ָה ִ ֖רית וְ יָ ַ ֥ל ְד ְתּ ֵ ֽבּן׃‬ ֲ ‫ה־נ֤א ַא ְתּ‬ ָ ֵ‫יה ִהנּ‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֗ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ה ִא ָ ֑שּׁה וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ‫הו֖ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יֵּ ָ ֥רא ַמ ְל ַא�־י‬ 13:3

‫יָ ַל ְד ְתּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 13:3; Ezek 16:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫ )יָ ָל ְד ְתּ‬at 1 Sam 4:20.

The Mp heading and the Mm heading at Ezek 16:20 reads three times, and the Mm lists all three forms, two with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ ל‬and one (1 Sam 4:20) with a qameṣ under the ‫ל‬. 13:3

Unique

‫וְ ָה ִרית‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

233

JUDGES 13:4 ‫ל־ט ֵ ֽמא׃‬ ָ ‫אכ ִ ֖לי ָכּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ִ ֖תּי ַי֣ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָ ֑כר וְ ַאל־תּ‬ ִ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה ִה ָ ֣שּׁ ְמ ִרי ָ֔נא וְ ַא‬ 13:4

‫ִה ָשּׁ ְמ ִרי נָ א‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the fem., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the masc. (‫ ) ִה ָשּׁ ֵמר נָ א‬at 1 Sam 19:2. 13:4

‫ל־ט ֵמא‬ ָ ‫ָכּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. at Num 5:2.

JUDGES 13:5 ‫ן־ה ָבּ ֶ֑טן וְ ֗הוּא‬ ַ ‫�הים יִ ְה ֶי֥ה ַה ַנּ ַ֖ﬠר ִמ‬ ֛ ִ ‫אשׁוֹ ִ ֽכּי־נְ ִז֧יר ֱא‬ ֔ ֹ ‫וּמוֹר ֙ה לֹא־יַ ֲﬠ ֶל֣ה ַﬠל־ר‬ ָ ‫ִכּי֩ ִה ָ֨נּ� ָה ָ ֜רה וְ י ַֹל ְ֣ד ְתּ ֵ֗בּן‬ ‫הוֹשׁ ַי� ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ִמ ַיּ֥ד ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֽתּים׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫יָ ֵ ֛חל ְל‬ 13:5

‫וְ י ַֹל ְד ְתּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 16:11; Judg 13:5; 13:7 ——————————

‫ וְ י ַֹל ְד ְתּ‬three times defective, and their references Gen 16:11 Judg 13:5 Judg 13:7

‫וילדת ̇ג חסירין וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ישמעאל‬ ‫הנך‬ ‫הנך‬

And once (‫)יָ ָל ְד ְתּ‬: 1 Sam 4:20

‫וחד אל תיראי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the two occurrences of its parallel form ‫ וְ י ֶֹל ֶדת‬at Isa 7:14 and Jer 31:8; see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §313.

234

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The heading of the Mm of three times defective (‫ )ו‬is inexact since there are no examples of this form written plene ‫ו‬. Possibly it may refer to the fact that the form being a fem. sg. ptcpl. is without its expected səḡôls; cf., the description of Joüon/Muraoka (Grammar, §89j), “forms (that) lack the expected segholisation.” MC correctly reads here three times and defective, whereas MA, as ML, just reads three times.

The additional note at the end of the Mm note of and once ‫( יָ ָל ְד ְתּ‬1 Sam 4:20) seems to be misplaced, and more likely belongs with the note on ‫ ;יָ ַל ְד ְתּ‬see directly above in v. 3; and Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 144v but the Mm note appears on the top of the following folio 145r.

JUDGES 13:6 ‫�הים‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּמ ְר ֵ֕אהוּ ְכּ ַמ ְר ֵ ֛אה ַמ ְל ַ ֥א� ָה ֱא‬ ַ ‫�ה ֙ים ָ ֣בּא ֵא ֔ ַלי‬ ִ ‫מר֒ ִ ֤אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ֹ ‫ישׁ ֮הּ ֵלא‬ ָ ‫אמר ְל ִא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ָתּ ֣ב ֹא ָה ִא ָ֗שּׁה וַ ֣תּ‬ ‫א־ה ִגּ֥יד ִ ֽלי׃‬ ִ ֹ ‫ת־שׁ ֖מוֹ ֽל‬ ְ ‫י־מ ֶזּ֣ה ֔הוּא וְ ֶא‬ ִ ‫יהוּ ֵ ֽא‬ ֙ ‫אד וְ ֤ל ֹא ְשׁ ִא ְל ִ֨תּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫נוֹרא ְמ‬ ָ֣ 13:6

‫וּמ ְר ֵאהוּ‬ ַ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Lev 13:34; Judg 13:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj. 13:6

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ַמ ְלאַ� ָה ֱא‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See Judg 6:20. 13:6

Unique

‫ְשׁ ִא ְל ִתּיהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the sfx. ‫הוּ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the alternate sfx. ‫)שׁ ִא ְל ִתּיו( ו‬ ְ at 1 Sam 1:20.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring twice, once with a ‫ ה‬at the beginning (1 Sam 1:28), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §8, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §8.

JUDGES

235

JUDGES 13:7 ‫ל־ט ְמ ָ֔אה ִ ֽכּי־נְ ִז֤יר‬ ֻ ‫אכ ִ ֙לי ָכּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ל־תּ‬ ֽ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ִ ֣תּי ׀ ַי֣ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָ֗כר וְ ַא‬ ִ ‫אמר ֔ ִלי ִה ָנּ֥ � ָה ָ ֖רה וְ י ַֹל ְ֣ד ְתּ ֵ ֑בּן וְ ַﬠ ָ֞תּה ַא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫מוֹתוֹ׃ פ‬ ֽ ‫ן־ה ֶבּ ֶ֖טן ַﬠד־י֥ וֹם‬ ַ ‫�ה ֙ים יִ ְה ֶי ֣ה ַה ַ֔נּ ַﬠר ִמ‬ ִ ‫ֱא‬ 13:7

‫אמר ִלי‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Judg 13:7; 2 Sam 1:8; Isa 49;3; Prov 4:4; Neh 2:2 Neh 2:4; 2:6; 1 Chr 28:6

——————————

‫אמר ִלי‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ וַ יּ‬eight times, and their references 1–5

6–8

Judg 13:7 2 Sam 1:8 Isa 49:3 Neh 2:4 Neh 2:2 Neh 2:6 1 Chr 28:6 Prov 4:4

‫ויאמר לי ̇ח וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫הנך הרה‬ ‫מי אתה‬ ‫עבדי אתה‬ ‫על מה זה‬ ‫מדוע פניך רעים‬ ‫והשגל יושבת‬ ‫שלמה בנך הוא‬ ‫וירני ויאמר לי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ וַ יּ‬with ‫ ִלי‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (59x) with ‫אמר ֵא ַלי( ֶאל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫)וַ יּ‬.

The Mp heading at 1 Chr 28:6 correctly reads unique in the book, and the Mp reading at Neh 2:4 of five times, if not a graphic error of ‫ ה‬five or ‫ ח‬eight, may represent the number of occurrences in the Writings. 13:7

‫וְ י ַֹל ְד ְתּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See directly above at Judg 13:5. 13:7

Unique 1–2

‫אכ ִלי‬ ְ ֹ ‫וְ אַל־תּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 13:4; 13:7

236

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with ‫ וְ אַל‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫אכ ִלי( לֹא‬ ְ ֹ ‫ )לֹא ת‬at 1 Sam 1:8 and Ezek 36:14.

MA correctly reads here twice, but MC has no note.

JUDGES 13:8 ‫יוֹרנוּ‬ ֕ ֵ ְ‫עוֹד ֵא ֔ ֵלינוּ ו‬ ֙ ‫יָבוֹא־נ֥א‬ ָ ‫שׁר ָשׁ ֗ ַל ְח ָתּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫�הים ֲא‬ ִ֞ ‫דוֹני ִ ֣אישׁ ָה ֱא‬ ָ֔ ‫אמר ִ ֣בּי ֲא‬ ֑ ַ ֹ ‫הו֖ה וַ יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יֶּ ְﬠ ַ ֥תּר ָמנ֛ ַוֹ� ֶאל־י‬ ‫יּוּלּד׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ַ ֽמה־נַּ ֲﬠ ֶ ֖שׂה ַל ַנּ ַ֥ﬠר ַה‬ 13:8

‫וַ יֶּ ְﬠ ַתּר‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Gen 25:21; Exod 8:26; 10:18; Judg 13:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma and, as indicated in the headings of the Mm to Gen 25:21 and Exod 8:26, two of these occurrences are at the beginning of a verse (Gen 25:21 and Judg 13:8), and two are in the middle of a verse (Exod 8:26 and 10:18). 13:8

‫ִבּי ֲאדוֹנָ י‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 7:8. 13:8

Mp

‫ֲאדוֹנָ י‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (400+) written defective ‫;)אד ֹנָ י( ו‬ ֲ see Judg 19:26 sub ‫יה‬ ָ ֶ‫אדוֹנ‬. ֲ 13:8

‫יוֹרנוּ‬ ֵ ְ‫ו‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 13:8; Isa 2:3 (‫ ;)וְ י ֵֹרנוּ‬Mic 4:2 ——————————

JUDGES ‫יוֹרנוּ‬ ֵ ְ‫ ו‬three times, twice plene and once defective, and their references

237

‫מל וחד חסיר וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ויורנו ̇ג ̇ב‬

Judg 13:8 ‫ וְ י ֵֹרנוּ ִמ ְדּ ָר ָכיו‬of Isaiah (Isa 2:3) And its companion in The Twelve (Mic 4:2)

Mm

‫מה נעשה לנער‬ ‫וירנו מדרכיו דישעיה‬ ‫עשר‬ ̇ ‫דתר‬ ̇ ‫וחביר‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫ו‬ (here and Mic 4:2), and once written defective ‫( ו‬Isa 2:3).

The additional notations of Isaiah to the Isa 2:3 reference, and of in The Twelve to the Mic 4:2 reference, are purely for reference purposes to distinguish both references in parallel texts from each other. 13:8

‫יּוּלּד‬ ָ ‫ַה‬

Unique and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 13:9 �‫וּמנ֥ ַוֹ‬ ָ ‫יוֹשׁ ֶבת ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶ ֔דה‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יא‬ ֙ ‫ל־ה ִא ָ֗שּׁה וְ ִה‬ ָ ‫�הים ֜עוֹד ֶא‬ ִ֨ ‫יָּב ֹא ַמ ְל ַא�֩ ָה ֱא‬ ֣ ַ‫�הים ְבּ ֣קוֹל ָמנ֑ ַוֹ� ו‬ ֖ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַ ֥מע ָה ֱא‬ ‫ישׁהּ ֵ ֥אין ִﬠ ָ ֽמּהּ׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫ִא‬ 13:9

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע ָה ֱא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ה ֱא‬,ָ to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫�הים( ֱא‬ ִ ‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַמע ֱא‬. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of phrases occurring only once, where the second element of the phrase has a def. article; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §189. 13:9

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ַמ ְלאַ� ָה ֱא‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See Judg 6:20.

Mp

238

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 13:10 ‫ר־בּא ַביּ֖ וֹם ֵא ָ ֽלי׃‬ ֥ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו ִה ֵ֨נּה נִ ְר ָ ֤אה ֵא ַ ֙לי ָה ִ֔אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ישׁהּ וַ ֣תּ‬ ֑ ָ ‫וַ ְתּ ַמ ֵה ֙ר ָ ֽה ִא ָ֔שּׁה וַ ָ ֖תּ ָרץ וַ ַתּ ֵגּ֣ד ְל ִא‬ 13:10

‫ֵא ֔ ָליו‬

Seven times with the accent zaqeṕ in the book

1–5 6

Judg 3:13; 6:12; 6:17; 13:10; 16:9 Judg 16:14

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע זקף‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven times is incorrect since there are only six occurrences of this lemma in the book. The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in the book with the zaqeṕ accent, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (26x) in the book with other accents. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣תּ‬, but since this phrase with In ML the circellus has been placed between ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו‬ zaqeṕ (on ‫)א ֔ ָליו‬ ֵ occurs only three times in the book (13:10, 16:9 and 14) it is most likely that the note refers solely to ‫ ֵא ֔ ָליו‬which does occur six times in the book. 13:10

Unique

‫נִ ְר ָאה ֵא ַלי ָה ִאישׁ‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

In ML only one circellus has been placed between ‫ ֵא ַלי‬and ‫ ָה ִאישׁ‬but, since the phrase ‫ ֵא ַלי ָה ִאישׁ‬occurs three times, it is most likely that the note should include the preceding word ‫ נִ ְר ָאה‬since the full phrase ‫ נִ ְר ָאה ֵא ַלי ָה ִאישׁ‬only occurs this once; see also Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

JUDGES 13:12 ‫וּמ ֲﬠ ֵ ֽשׂהוּ׃‬ ַ ‫ט־ה ַנּ ַ֖ﬠר‬ ַ ‫אמר ָמנ֔ ַוֹ� ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ֣יָב ֹא ְד ָב ֶ ֑רי� ַמה־יִּ ְֽה ֶי֥ה ִמ ְשׁ ַפּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 13:12 Three times

‫וּמ ֲﬠ ֵשׂהוּ‬ ַ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 13:12; 1 Sam 25:2; Ps 64:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) without a cj.

JUDGES

239

JUDGES 13:13 ‫ל־ה ִא ָ ֖שּׁה ִתּ ָשּׁ ֵ ֽמר׃‬ ָ ‫ר־א ַ ֥מ ְר ִתּי ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־מנ֑ ַוֹ� ִמ ֛כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫הו֖ה ֶא‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ַמ ְל ַ ֥א� י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֛יּ‬ 13:13

‫ָה ִא ָשּׁה ִתּ ָשּׁ ֵמר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 13:14 ‫אכ֑ל ֥כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ַ ֹ ‫ל־ט ְמ ָ ֖אה ַאל־תּ‬ ֻ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ְתּ וְ ָכ‬ ֵ֔ ‫אכל וְ ַי֤ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָכ ֙ר ַא‬ ַ֗ ֹ ‫ִמ ֣כֹּל ֲא ֶשׁר־יֵ ֵצ ֩א ִמ ֨ ֶגּ ֶפן ַה ַ֜יּיִ ן ֣ל ֹא ת‬ ‫מר׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫יה ִתּ ְשׁ‬ ָ ‫ית‬ ֖ ִ ִ‫ִצוּ‬ 13:14

‫וְ יַ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָכר‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 29:5; Judg 13:14; 1 Sam 1:15 ——————————

‫ וְ יַ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָכר‬three times, and their references

Deut 29:5 Judg 13:14 1 Sam 1:15

‫ויין ושכר ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫לחם לא אכלתם‬ ‫אל תשת וכל טמאה‬ ‫לא שתיתי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with an initial ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this initial cj. (‫)יַ יִ ן וְ ֵשׁ ָכר‬.

JUDGES 13:15 ‫אוֹת� וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂה ְל ָפ ֶנ֖י� גְּ ִ ֥די ִﬠ ִ ֽזּים׃‬ ָ֔ ‫ה־נּ֣א‬ ָ ‫הו֑ה נַ ְﬠ ְצ ָר‬ ָ ְ‫ל־מ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ַ ‫אמר ָמנ֖ ַוֹ� ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 13:15 Unique

‫נַ ְﬠ ְצ ָרה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this cohortative ending at 1 Chr 29:14 (‫)נַ ֲﬠצ ֹר‬.

240 13:15

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML �‫אוֹת‬ ָ

Four times one is liable to err

‫מטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 13:15; Jer 12:1 (�‫ ;*)א ָֹת‬49:16 (�‫ ;)א ָֹת‬Prov 6:22 (�‫)א ָֹת‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma where, because of its pointing, one might erroneously think that this is a fem. form; see Ginsburg 4, ‫א‬, §1427.

This enumeration does not include the five occurrences of this lemma in Ezekiel, nor the two occurrences with a sôṕ pasûq at 1 Kgs 22:24 and Jer 19:10. This lemma is featured in a Mm at Jer 19:10 sub �‫אוֹת‬ ָ listing the nine occurrences of forms this lemma written plene ‫ ו‬that are masculine; see 1 Kgs 22:24.

ָ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, * ML, contrary to M (�‫)א ָֹת‬, reads Jer 12:1 plene as �‫;אוֹת‬ 172.

JUDGES 13:16 ‫יהו֖ה ַתּ ֲﬠ ֶל֑נָּ ה ִכּ֚י‬ ָ ‫שׂה ע ֔ ָֹלה ַל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ם־תּ ֲﬠ‬ ַ ‫ם־תּ ְﬠ ְצ ֵ ֨רנִ ֙י לֹא־א ַֹכ֣ל ְבּ ַל ְח ֶ֔מ� וְ ִא‬ ַ ‫ל־מנ֗ ַוֹ� ִא‬ ָ ‫הוה ֶא‬ ָ֜ ְ‫אמר֩ ַמ ְל ַ֨א� י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫הו֖ה ֽהוּא׃‬ ָ ְ‫י־מ ְל ַ ֥א� י‬ ַ ‫לֹא־יָ ַ ֣דע ָמנ֔ ַוֹ� ִ ֽכּ‬ 13:16 Unique 13:16

Unique

‫ַתּ ְﬠ ְצ ֵרנִ י‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ם־תּ ֲﬠ ֶשׂה‬ ַ ‫וְ ִא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Gen 30:31. 13:16

Unique

‫ַתּ ֲﬠ ֶלנָּ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice, once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Dan 8:8), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1).

JUDGES

241

JUDGES 13:17 ‫י־יָב ֹא ְד ָב ְרי�֖ וְ ִכ ַבּ ְדנֽ וּ�׃‬ ֥ ‫הו֖ה ִ ֣מי ְשׁ ֶ ֑מ� ִ ֽכּ‬ ָ ְ‫ל־מ ְל ַ ֥א� י‬ ַ ‫אמר ָמנ֛ ַוֹ� ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֧יּ‬ 13:17

�‫ִמי ְשׁ ֶמ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of �‫ ְשׁ ֶמ‬with ‫מי‬, ִ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ ) ַמה ְשּׁ ֶמ�( ַמה‬at Gen 32:28. 13:17

�‫ְד ָב ְרי‬

Read �‫ְד ָב ְר‬

‫דברך ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)דבריך‬, and the qərê (�‫ ְ)ד ָב ְר‬are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations in the sing. and pl.; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 136–37.

This lemma is one of eight occurrences where forms of �‫ ְד ָב ְר‬are written with a superfluous ‫ ;י‬see the Mm at 1 Kgs 8:26, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §131, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §115. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 13:18 ‫הוּא־פ ִלאי׃ ס‬ ֶֽ ְ‫הוה ָל ָ֥מּה ֶזּ֖ה ִתּ ְשׁ ַ ֣אל ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑מי ו‬ ָ֔ ְ‫אמר ֙לוֹ ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 13:18

‫ֶפ ִלאי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 13:19 ‫וּמנ֥ ַוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁ ֖תּוֹ‬ ָ ‫וּמ ְפ ִ ֣לא ַל ֲﬠ ֔שׂוֹת‬ ַ ‫יהו֑ה‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ֖צּוּר ַ ֽל‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ִמּנְ ָ֔חה וַ ַיּ ַ֥ﬠל ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ַ ֨קּח ָמנ֜ ַוֹ� ֶאת־גְּ ִ ֤די ָה ִﬠזִּ ֙ים וְ ֶא‬ ‫ר ִ ֹֽאים׃‬ 13:19

‫ת־ה ִמּנְ ָחה‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Exod 40:29; Lev 14:20; Judg 13:19; 1 Kgs 8:64a; 8:64b Ezek 45:17; 46:15; 2 Chr 7:7

242

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) without a cj. 13:19

‫וּמ ְפ ִלא‬ ַ

Four times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Lev 27:2 (‫ ;)יַ ְפ ִלא‬Num 6:2 (‫ ;)יַ ְפ ִלא‬Judg 13:19; Isa 28:29 (‫*)ה ְפ ִלא‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in varied forms written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences in varied forms written plene ‫ ְל ַה ְפ ִליא( י‬/‫) ִה ְפ ִליא‬.

ִ has only three occurrences of this lemma since it writes * ML, contrary to M (‫)ה ְפ ִלא‬, the form at Isa 28:29 plene (‫;)ה ְפ ִליא‬ ִ see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 146 and 397. However, the Mp heading here of four times defective supports the enumeration inherent in the text of M. The Mp headings at Lev 27:2 and Num 6:2 of twice defective refer to the twofold occurrence of the form ‫יַ ְפ ִלא‬, that only occur at these references. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that start with ‫ ;ומ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §18, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §19. 13:19

‫נוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ָ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 13:19; 13:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וְ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ‬with �‫נוֹ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬, ָ to distinguish them from its occurrence with �‫נוֹ‬ ַ ‫נוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ( ָמ‬ ַ ‫ ) ָמ‬in v. 2.

JUDGES 13:20 ‫תּוֹ ר ִֹ֔אים‬ ֙ ‫וּמנ֤ ַוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁ‬ ָ �ַ֑ ‫הו֖ה ְבּ ַל ַ֣הב ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יְ ִהי֩ ַב ֲﬠ ֨לוֹת ַה ֜ ַלּ ַהב ֵמ ַ ֤ﬠל ַה ִמּזְ ֵ֨בּ ַ ֙� ַה ָשּׁ ַ֔מיְ ָמה וַ ַיּ ַ֥ﬠל ַמ ְל ַא�־י‬ ‫יהם ָ ֽא ְר ָצה׃‬ ֖ ֶ ֵ‫ל־פּנ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְפּל֥ וּ ַﬠ‬ 13:20 Five times 1–5

‫ַב ֲﬠלוֹת‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 13:20; 1 Kgs 11:15; 18:36; Jer 35:11; Jonah 4:7

JUDGES

243

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its six occurrences with the prep. ‫;)כּ ֲﬠלוֹת( כ‬ ֲ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §8E.

This distinction is implied in the Mm of 1 Kgs 11:15 in the additional notation of Elijah to the 1 Kgs 18:36 reference, which distinguishes it from its passage in 2 Kgs 3:20 that refers to Elisha, and where the lemma occurs as ‫כּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬.ֲ 13:20

‫יְמה‬ ָ ‫ַה ָשּׁ ַמ‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 8:20. 13:20

‫נוֹ� וְ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ָ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 13:19.

JUDGES 13:21 ‫הו֖ה ֽהוּא׃‬ ָ ְ‫י־מ ְל ַ ֥א� י‬ ַ ‫ל־א ְשׁ ֑תּוֹ ָ ֚אז יָ ַ ֣דע ָמנ֔ ַוֹ� ִ ֽכּ‬ ִ ‫ל־מנ֣ ַוֹ� וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫אה ֶא‬ ֹ ֖ ‫הוה ְל ֵה ָר‬ ָ֔ ְ‫עוֹד ַמ ְל ַ ֣א� י‬ ֙ ‫א־י ַ֤סף‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬ 13:21

‫ְל ֵה ָראֹה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 13:21; 1 Sam 3:21

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma ending in ‫אֹה‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences ending in ‫;)ל ֵה ָראוֹת( וֹת‬ ְ see 2 Sam 17:17.

JUDGES 13:22 ‫�הים ָר ִ ֽאינוּ׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫ל־א ְשׁ ֖תּוֹ ֣מוֹת נָ ֑מוּת ִ ֥כּי ֱא‬ ִ ‫אמר ָמנ֛ ַוֹ� ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֧יּ‬ 13:22 Unique

‫�הים ָר ִאינוּ‬ ִ ‫ֱא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ֱא‬with ‫ר ִאינוּ‬,ָ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫יתי‬ ִ ‫יתי( ָר ִא‬ ִ ‫�הים ָר ִא‬ ִ ‫ ) ֱא‬in 1 Sam 28:13.

244

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 13:23 ‫ל־א ֶלּה‬ ֑ ֵ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫וּמנְ ָ֔חה וְ ֥ל ֹא ֶה ְר ָ ֖אנוּ ֶא‬ ִ ‫א־ל ַ ֤ קח ִמיָּ ֵ ֨ד ֙נוּ ע ָֹל֣ה‬ ָ ֹ ‫ית ֙נוּ ֽל‬ ֵ֨ ‫הו֤ה ַל ֲה ִמ‬ ָ ְ‫אמר ל֣ וֹ ִא ְשׁ ֗תּוֹ לוּ֩ ָח ֵ֨פץ י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֧תּ‬ ‫יﬠנוּ ָכּ ֽז ֹאת׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫וְ ָכ ֕ ֵﬠת ֥ל ֹא ִה ְשׁ ִמ‬ 13:23

‫לוּ‬

Twenty-two times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–21

‫̇כ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 17:18; 23:13; 30:34; 50:15; Num 14:2a Num 14:2b; 20:3 (‫ ;)וְ לוּ‬22:29; Deut 32:29; Josh 7:7 (‫)וְ לוּ‬ Judg 8:19; 13:23; 1 Sam 14:30 (‫ ;)לוּא‬2 Sam 18:12 (‫וְ לוּא‬, qərê); 19:7 (qərê) Isa 48:18 (‫ ;)לוּא‬63:19 (‫ ;)לוּא‬Ezek 14:15; Mic 2:11; Ps 81:14 Job 6:2; 16:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-two occurrences of this lemma in varied forms pointed with a šûreq, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences pointed with a ḥolem (‫ ;)לוֹ‬see the Mm at Judg 8:19. Notes on the Mp headings highlighted above 1 2

3

4

5 6

Seven of the Mp headings highlighted above read twenty-two times (Gen 23:13, 50:15, Num 22:29, Judg 13:23, Ezek 14:15, Mic 2:11 and Job 16:4).

The Mp heading at Gen 50:15 has two notes for this lemma. One reads twenty-two times, and the other ‫דמטע‬ ̇ ‫ ̇ב‬, that is, there are two instances in this list where one might mistakenly err (and read the neg. ‫ לֹא‬instead of ‫)לוּ‬. These instances are at 2 Sam 18:12 and 19:7, where both forms have kəṯîḇ and qərê forms. The kəṯîḇ forms are written as negatives ‫ ולא‬and ‫ לא‬but are read as wishes ‫ וְ לוּא‬and ‫לוּ‬. So the reader is cautioned not to err in these two cases by reading the neg. form ‫ לֹא‬instead of the wish form ‫לוּ‬. The reading of twelve times at Num 14:2a is simply an error for twenty-two.

The headings at Num 20:3 and Josh 7:7 read three times for occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫וְ לוּא‬/‫)וְ לוּ‬, the third reference being 2 Sam 18:12.

Three of the headings (Deut 32:29; Ps 81:14 and Job 6:2) note the fact that this lemma occurs six times at the beginning of a verse (the other three being Isa 48:18, Ezek 14:15, and Mic 2:11).

The headings at 1 Sam 14:30, Isa 48:18 and 63:19 note the fact that at these three verses the lemma is written plene (‫ )א‬as ‫לוּא‬.

JUDGES 13:23

‫ֶה ְר ָאנוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

13:23

‫וְ ָכ ֵﬠת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

245

Mp

Deut 5:24; Judg 13:23 Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the absol., to distinguish it from its two occurrences in the cstr. (‫)וּכ ֵﬠת‬ ְ at 1 Sam 4:20 and 2 Chr 21:19. 13:23

Unique

‫יﬠנוּ‬ ָ ‫ִה ְשׁ ִמ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 13:24 ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫ֽ יְב ְר ֵכ֖הוּ י‬ ָ ‫ת־שׁ ֖מוֹ ִשׁ ְמ ֑שׁוֹן וַ יִּ גְ ַ ֣דּל ַה ֔ ַנּ ַﬠר ַו‬ ְ ‫וַ ֵ ֤תּ ֶלד ָ ֽה ִא ָשּׁ ֙ה ֵ֔בּן וַ ִתּ ְק ָ ֥רא ֶא‬ 13:24

‫ת־שׁמוֹ‬ ְ ‫וַ ִתּ ְק ָרא ֶא‬

‫ת־שׁמוֹ‬ ְ ‫ וַ ִתּ ְק ָרא ֶא‬ten times, and their references 1–5

‫ותקרא את שמו י̇ וסימנהון‬

Mm

Gen 4:25 ‫שת‬ Gen 30:11 ‫גד‬ Gen 30:13 ‫אשר‬ Gen 38:5 ‫שלה‬ 1 Sam 1:20 ‫שמואל‬ 6–10 Gen 30:20 [‫)זבולן( ]זבלון‬ Gen 30:24 ‫יוסף‬ Gen 38:4 ‫אונן‬ Judg 13:24 ‫שמשון‬ 2 Sam 12:24 ‫שלמה‬ Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma with ‫את‬, ֶ to distinguish them from its nine occurrences without ‫ ;)וַ ִתּ ְק ָרא ְשׁמוֹ( ֶאת‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §35A.

246

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 13:25 ‫אל׃ פ‬ ֹ ֽ ‫וּבין ֶא ְשׁ ָתּ‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ה־דן ֵ ֥בּין ָצ ְר ָ ֖ﬠה‬ ֑ ָ ֵ‫הוה ְל ַפ ֲﬠ ֖מוֹ ְבּ ַמ ֲחנ‬ ָ֔ ְ‫וַ ָ֨תּ ֶחל֙ ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ 13:25

‫ְל ַפ ֲﬠמוֹ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

13:25

‫ֶא ְשׁ ָתּאֹל‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Josh 15:33 (‫;)א ְשׁ ָתּאוֹל‬ ֶ Judg 13:25; 16:31

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written defective ‫( ו‬here and Judg 16:31), and once written plene ‫( ו‬Josh 15:33).

JUDGES 14:3 ‫הוֹל ֙� ָל ַ ֣ ק ַחת ִא ָ֔שּׁה ִמ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֖תּים‬ ֵ ‫י־א ָ ֤תּה‬ ַ ‫מּי ִא ָ֔שּׁה ִ ֽכּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫ל־ﬠ‬ ַ ‫וּב ָכ‬ ְ �‫אמר ֜לוֹ ָא ִ ֣ביו וְ ִא ֗מּוֹ ַה ֵאין֩ ִבּ ְבנ֨ וֹת ַא ֶ ֤חי‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫י־היא יָ ְשׁ ָ ֥רה ְב ֵﬠ ָינֽי׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫ח־לי ִ ֽכּ‬ ִ ֔ ‫אוֹתהּ ַ ֽק‬ ֣ ָ ‫ל־א ִב ֙יו‬ ָ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֤שׁוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ָה ֲﬠ ֵר ִ ֑לים וַ ֨יּ‬ 14:3

‫ִבּ ְבנוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 34:1; Judg 14:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its occurrences (18x) with the prep. ‫מ‬, two of which are in vv. 1 and 2. The Mp note at Gen 34:1 adds the catchwords ‫אַחי�( האין בבנות אחיך‬ ֶ ‫) ַה ֵאין ִבּ ְבנוֹת‬, which refer the reader to this verse.

JUDGES 14:3

�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ

Twenty-nine times plene 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 20–25 26–27

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ט‬

247

Mp

Gen 15:2; 25:32; 28:20; Exod 19:19; Lev 11:27 Lev 11:42a; 11:42b; Num 17:11 (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ְ‫ ;)ו‬22:22; 24:14 Josh 23:14; Judg 4:9; 14:3; 2 Sam 15:12; 15:20a 2 Sam 15:20b; 1 Kgs 20:36; Isa 30:29 (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ‫;)כּ‬ ַ Jonah 1:11; 1:13 Mic 2:7; Hab 1:6 (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ‫;)ה‬ ַ Ps 15:2; 78:39; Cant 7:10 Esth 9:4a; 9:4b

Com.: The Mp heading here of twenty-nine times plene is incorrect since there are only twenty-seven occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the twenty-seven occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (60x) in various forms written defective ‫ו‬.

This enumeration does not include the seventeen occurrences of this lemma in Proverbs and Qoheleth. Both MC and MA correctly read here twice plene in the book.

The question of whether the form at Mic 2:7 was plene or defective was a matter of debate among the Masoretes; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 102, n. 4*, and 235, n. 7. Notes on the highlighted forms Gen 15:2

Seventeen times plene in the Torah. Error for nine or for ten if the form with a ‫ ו‬cj. (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬at Num 17:11 is included.

Gen 25:32; Exod 19:19; Nine times plene in the Torah. Does not include the form Num 22:22; 24:14 with a ‫ ו‬cj. (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬at Num 17:11. Gen 28:20

Lev 11:27; 11:42a Num 17:11 Josh 23:14

Ten times plene in the Torah. Includes the form with a ‫ ו‬cj. (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ְ‫ )ו‬at Num 17:11.

Three times plene in the book (of Leviticus, Lev 11:27; 11:42a; 11:42b).

The Mp and Mm read nine times plene in the Torah. The Mm list includes Num 17:11, but excludes Gen 28:20.

Unique plene in the book (of Joshua).

248

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Judg 4:9

The Mp and Mm read twice plene in the book (of Judges, Judg 4:9; 14:3).

Judg 14:3

Twenty-nine times plene. Error for twenty-seven.

2 Sam 15:20b

Mp and Mm read twenty-seven times plene.

Jonah 1:11

Three times plene in the book (of The Twelve): Jonah 1:11; 1:13; Mic 2:7). Not including the form with the def. article at Hab 1:6 (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ‫)ה‬. ַ

1 Kgs 20:36

Twenty-seven times plene.

Hab 1:6

Unique plene. Refers to the sole occurrence here of the form �‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ‫ה‬.ַ Twice plene in the book (Esth 9:4a; 9:4b).

Esth 9:4a 14:3

‫יָ ְשׁ ָרה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:3; Hab 2:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma pointed as a perf., to distinguish them from its three occurrences pointed as a fem. adj. (‫)יְ ָשׁ ָרה‬.

JUDGES 14:4 ‫וּב ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֔היא ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֖תּים‬ ָ ‫וּא־מ ַב ֵ ֖קּשׁ ִמ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים‬ ְ ‫וְ ָא ִ֨ביו וְ ִא ֜מּוֹ ֣ל ֹא יָ ְד ֗עוּ ִ ֤כּי ֵמיְ הוָ ֙ה ִ֔היא ִכּי־ת ֲֹא ָנ֥ה ֽה‬ ‫מ ְֹשׁ ִ ֥לים ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃ פ‬ 14:4

‫וְ ָא ִביו וְ ִאמּוֹ‬

Eight times written Judg 14:4; 14:5

‫כת‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of eight times written is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma; here and in v. 5, and the addition of written is not applicable to this lemma.

JUDGES

249

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj. (‫) ָא ִביו וְ ִאמּוֹ‬. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here, but MA has a note at Judg 14:5 that reads twice. 14:4

‫ת ֲֹאנָ ה‬

Unique 14:4

‫וּב ֵﬠת ַה ִהיא‬ ָ

Eight times 1–5 6–8

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 14:4; Jer 33:15; 50:4; 50:20; Joel 4:1 Dan 12:1a; 12:1b; 2 Chr 16:7

—————————— ‫ ָב ֵﬠת ַה ִהיא‬eight times 1–5

6–8

‫ובעת ההיא ̇ח‬

Judg 14:4 Jer 33:15 Jer 50:20 Joel 4:1 Jer 50:4 2 Chr 16:7 Dan 12:1a Twice in the verse (Dan 12:1b)

Mm ‫פלשתים‬ ‫אצמיח לדוד‬ ‫יבקש את עון‬ ‫בימים ההמה‬ [‫יבאו בני )קהת( ]ישראל‬ ‫בא חנני הראה‬ ‫יעמד מיכאל השר הגדול‬ ‫̇ב בפסוק‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (42x) without a cj.

JUDGES 14:6 ‫וּל ִא ֔מּוֹ ֵ ֖את‬ ְ ‫וּמה ֵ ֣אין ְבּיָ ֑דוֹ וְ ֤ל ֹא ִהגִּ ֙יד ְל ָא ִ ֣ביו‬ ָ ‫וּמ ֖א‬ ְ ‫הוּ ְכּ ַשׁ ַ ֣סּע ַהגְּ ִ ֔די‬ ֙ ‫הוה ַוֽ יְ ַשׁ ְסּ ֨ ֵﬠ‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫וַ ִתּ ְצ ֨ ַלח ָﬠ ֜ ָליו ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ ‫ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֽשׂה׃‬ 14:6 Unique

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ְסּ ֵﬠהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

250

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

14:6

‫אוּמה‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ְ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:6; Qoh 5:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (28x) without a cj.

JUDGES 14:7 ‫ישׁר ְבּ ֵﬠ ֵינ֥י ִשׁ ְמ ֽשׁוֹן׃‬ ֖ ַ ‫וַ ֵיּ֖ ֶ רד וַ יְ ַד ֵבּ֣ר ָל ִא ָ ֑שּׁה וַ ִתּ‬ 14:7

‫ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 3:13; Num 5:21; Judg 14:7; 2 Sam 11:3; 2 Kgs 8:6 ——————————

‫ ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬five times, and their references Gen 3:13 Num 5:21 Judg 14:7 2 Sam 11:3 2 Kgs 8:6

̇‫לאשה ̇ה וסימנ‬

Mm

‫ויאמר יהוה‬ [‫והשביע )אתה( ]הכהן‬ ‫וירד‬ ‫דוד וידרש‬ ‫וישאל המלך‬

And once (‫)וְ ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬: 1 Sam 28:24

‫וחד ולאשה עגל מרבק בבית‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫ל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (53x) with the indef. prep. ‫ְל‬ (‫)ל ִא ָשּׁה‬. ְ The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬at 1 Sam 28:24.

In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on ‫וַ יְ ַד ֵבּר ָל ִא ָשּׁה‬, which only occurs this once. 14:7

Unique

‫ישׁר‬ ַ ‫וַ ִתּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

251

JUDGES 14:8 ‫בוֹרים ִבּגְ וִ יַּ ֥ת ָה ַא ְריֵ ֖ה ְוּד ָ ֽבשׁ׃‬ ֛ ִ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֤שׁב ִמיָּ ִמ ֙ים ְל ַק ְח ָ֔תּהּ וַ ָיּ ַ֣סר ִל ְר ֔אוֹת ֵ ֖את ַמ ֶפּ ֶ֣לת ָה ַא ְריֵ ֑ה וְ ִה ֨ ֵנּה ֲﬠ ַ ֧דת ְדּ‬ 14:8 Unique 14:8

Unique

‫ַמ ֶפּ ֶלת‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫בוֹרים‬ ִ ‫ְדּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words occurring twice, once with a ‫ ה‬at the beginning (Deut 1:44), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §8, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §8. In this Ochlah list this lemma is written defective ‫ ו‬as ‫דּב ִֹרים‬.ְ

JUDGES 14:9 ‫א־ה ִגּ֣יד ָל ֶ֔הם ִ ֛כּי‬ ִ ֹ ‫אכ֑לוּ וְ ֽל‬ ֵ ֹ ‫ל־א ֔מּוֹ וַ יִּ ֵ ֥תּן ָל ֶ ֖הם וַ יּ‬ ִ ‫ל־א ִ ֣ביו וְ ֶא‬ ָ ‫לוֹ� וְ ָא ֔כֹל וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶל ֙� ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ל־כּ ָ֗פּיו וַ ֵיּ ֶ֤ל� ָה‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֵ ֣דּהוּ ֶא‬ ‫ִמגְּ וִ ַיּ֥ת ָה ַא ְר ֵי֖ה ָר ָ ֥דה ַה ְדּ ָ ֽבשׁ׃‬ 14:9 Unique 14:9

Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְר ֵדּהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ל־כּ ָפּיו‬ ַ ‫ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that only occur once with the prep. ‫;אל‬ ֶ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §77, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §156A 14:9

Unique

‫ִמגְּ וִ יַּ ת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence with the prep. ‫)בּגְ וִ יַּת( ב‬ ִ in the previous verse.

252 14:9

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ָר ָדה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ר‬ (3rd masc. sg. perf. from ‫) ָר ָדה‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a šəwâ (‫ר ָדה‬,ְ lengthened imper. from ‫ )יָ ַרד‬at Gen 45:9 and Ezek 32:19. 14:9

‫ַה ְדּ ָבשׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:9; 1 Sam 14:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this def. article (‫ ְ)דּ ָבשׁ‬at 1 Sam 14:26.

JUDGES 14:10 ‫חוּרים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫שׁוֹן ִמ ְשׁ ֶ֔תּה ִ ֛כּי ֵ ֥כּן יַ ֲﬠ ֖שׂוּ ַה ַבּ‬ ֙ ‫ל־ה ִא ָ ֑שּׁה וַ ַ֨יּ ַﬠשׂ ָ ֤שׁם ִשׁ ְמ‬ ָ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥ רד ָא ִ ֖ביהוּ ֶא‬ 14:10

‫ָא ִביהוּ‬

Seven times and plene 1–5 6–7

‫ומל‬ ̇ ̇‫ז‬

Judg 14:10; 14:19; 16:31; 1 Kgs 5:15; Zech 13:3 1 Chr 26:10; 2 Chr 3:1

—————————— ‫ ָא ִביהוּ‬seven times 1–5

6–7

Mp

Judg 14:10 Judg 14:19 Judg 16:31 1 Kgs 5:15 2 Chr 3:1 Zech 13:3 1 Chr 26:10

̇‫אביהו ז‬

(= (= (= (= (= (= (=

Mm ‫)ה ִא ָשּׁה‬ ָ ‫)וַ יִּ ַחר אַפּוֹ‬ ‫)בּית‬ ֵ �‫)מ ֶל‬ ֶ ‫)נִ ְר ָאה‬ ‫)וּד ָק ֻרהוּ‬ ְ ‫)לרֹאשׁ‬ ְ

‫אתתה‬ ‫רגזת‬ ‫מן ביתה‬ ‫מלכה‬ ‫חזיה‬ ‫ודקרה‬ ‫בראשה‬

The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma with the 3rd masc. sg. sfx. ‫הוּ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous (100+) occurrences with the sfx. ‫ו‬ (‫;)א ִביו‬ ָ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §223.

JUDGES

253

The catchwords are given here, and in the Mm at Zech 13:3, in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic: “A woman angrily (rushed) from her house, the king saw her and pierced her head”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 64–65, 115.

JUDGES 14:11 ‫�שׁים ֵ ֽמ ֵר ֔ ִﬠים וַ יִּ ְהי֖ וּ ִא ֽתּוֹ׃‬ ֣ ִ ‫חוּ ְשׁ‬ ֙ ‫אוֹתוֹ וַ יִּ ְק‬ ֑ ‫אוֹתם‬ ֣ ָ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֖הי ִכּ ְר‬ 14:11

‫ֵמ ֵר ִﬠים‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma pointed this way (‫ֵר ִﬠים‬ companions with the inseparable prep. ‫ ִמן‬from), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (15x) pointed as ‫( ְמ ֵר ִﬠים‬masc. pl. hiphil ptcp. from ‫רעע‬, evildoers).

JUDGES 14:12 ‫יְמי ַה ִמּ ְשׁ ֶתּ ֙ה‬ ֤ ֵ ‫אוֹתהּ ֜ ִלי ִשׁ ְב ֨ ַﬠת‬ ָ֨ ֩‫ם־ה ֵגּ֣ד ַתּגִּ ידוּ‬ ַ ‫ידה ִא‬ ֑ ָ ‫ה־נּ֥א ָל ֶכ֖ם ִח‬ ָ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן ָא ֽח ָוּד‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫�שׁים ֲח ִל ֹ֥פת ְבּגָ ִ ֽדים׃‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים ְס ִד ֔ ִינים‬ ֣ ִ ‫אתם וְ נָ ַת ִ ֤תּי ָל ֶכ ֙ם ְשׁ‬ ֶ֔ ‫וּמ ָצ‬ ְ 14:12

‫אמר ָל ֶהם‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Thirty times

̇‫̇כי‬

Com.: See Josh 4:5. 14:12

‫ָא ֖ח ָוּדה־‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that are accented milʿêl; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §32. 14:12

‫יְ ֵמי ַה ִמּ ְשׁ ֶתּה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:12; Job 1:5

254

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. article on ‫מ ְשׁ ֶתּה‬, ִ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this def. article ( ‫יְמי‬ ֵ ‫)מ ְשׁ ֶתּה‬ ִ at Esth 9:22.

The Mp at Job 1:5 adds catchwords ‫חוּדה־נָּ א ָל ֶכם( אחודה נא לכם‬ ָ ‫ ) ָא‬to refer the reader to this verse. 14:12

‫ֲח ִלפֹת‬

Twice defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 45:22b; Judg 14:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written doubly defective (of the ‫ י‬and the ‫)ו‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences written plene ‫ י‬and plene ‫)ח ִליפוֹת( ו‬, ֲ and from its three occurrences written just defective ‫)ח ִלפוֹת( י‬. ֲ

JUDGES 14:13 ‫אמרוּ ֔לוֹ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יפוֹת ְבּגָ ִ ֑דים וַ ֣יּ‬ ֣ ‫�שׁים ֲח ִל‬ ֖ ִ ‫וּשׁ‬ ְ ‫�שׁים ְס ִד ִ֔ינים‬ ֣ ִ ‫תוּכ ֮לוּ ְל ַה ִגּ֣יד ִלי֒ וּנְ ַת ֶ֨תּם ַא ֶ ֥תּם ִ ֙לי ְשׁ‬ ְ ‫ם־ל ֹא‬ ֣ ‫וְ ִא‬ ‫֥ח ָוּדה ִח ָיד ְת�֖ וְ נִ ְשׁ ָמ ֶ ֽﬠנָּ ה׃‬ 14:13

‫ְס ִדינִ ים‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:12; 14:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without any prefixes, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. and the def. article (‫ )וְ ַה ְסּ ִדינִ ים‬at Isa 3:23. 14:13

‫חוּדה‬ ָ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the lengthened imper., to distinguish it from its occurrence with the regular imper. ‫ חוּד‬at Ezek 17:2. 14:13

Unique

‫וְ נִ ְשׁ ָמ ֶﬠנָּ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

255

JUDGES 14:14 ‫יָמים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫ידה ְשׁ�֥ ֶשׁת‬ ֖ ָ ‫וּמ ַ ֖ﬠז יָ ָצ֣א ָמ ֑תוֹק וְ ֥ל ֹא יָ ְכל֛ וּ ְל ַה ִגּ֥יד ַה ִח‬ ֵ ‫אמר ָל ֶ֗הם ֵמ ָ ֽהא ֵֹכל֙ יָ ָצ֣א ַמ ֲא ָ֔כל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 14:14

‫ֵמ ָהא ֵֹכל‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

14:14

‫וּמ ַﬠז‬ ֵ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without this preposition.

14:14

‫יָ ָצא ָמתוֹק‬

Unique 14:14

Mp Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וְ לֹא יָ ְכלוּ‬

כ‬

Mp

Com.: In ML this lemma has a circellus but no note. The lemma occurs twenty times, two of which are in the book (Judg 2:14 and here), but there are no Mp notes at any of its occurrences. Neither MC nor MA has a note here.

It is possible that the purpose of this note was to distinguish this lemma, which is written with a šəwâ under the ‫כ‬, from its three occurrences with a ḥolem on the ‫וְ ל ֹא( כ‬ ‫ ;)יָ כֹלוּ‬see 2 Kgs 3:26.

JUDGES 14:15 �‫אוֹת‬ ֛ ָ ‫ידה ֶפּן־נִ ְשׂ ֥ר ֹף‬ ֔ ָ ‫ת־ה ִח‬ ֣ ַ ‫ד־ל ֙נוּ ֶא‬ ָ ֨ ֶ‫ישׁ� וְ יַ גּ‬ ֵ֗ ‫ת־א‬ ִ ‫שׁוֹן ַפּ ִ ֣תּי ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ת־שׁ ְמ‬ ִ ‫אמ ֤רוּ ְל ֵ ֽא ֶשׁ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יﬠי וַ יּ‬ ִ ֗ ‫וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ׀ ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ‫אתם ָל֖נוּ ֲה ֽל ֹא׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ת־בּית ָא ִ ֖בי� ָבּ ֵ ֑אשׁ ַה ְליָ ְר ֵ֕שׁנוּ ְק ָר‬ ֥ ֵ ‫וְ ֶא‬ 14:15

‫ַפּ ִתּי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 14:15; 16:5

Mp

256

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫פ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) with a səḡôl (‫)פּ ִתי‬. ֶ

This distinction is implied in the Mp heading at Judg 16:5, which reads twice with a paṯaḥ, indicating a contrast with a form with a different vowel, which is most probably a səḡôl. 14:15

‫וְ יַ גֶּ ד‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 14:15; Jer 42:3; Job 11:6; 12:7 —————————— ‫ וְ יַ גֶּ ד‬four times Judg 14:15 Jer 42:3 Job 11:6 Job 12:7

‫ויגד ̇ד‬

Mm

‫החידה‬ ‫את הדרך‬ [‫)תעלומות( ]תעלמות‬ ‫בהמות‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (45x) with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ ;)וַ יַּ גֵּ ד‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §37B.

The Mp heading at Job 11:6 mistakenly reads three times, a possible confusion with another word ‫יִפ ַתּח‬ ְ ְ‫ ו‬in the previous verse, but on the same line in the ms., that actually occurs three times; see Josh 15:43, and Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. 14:15

�‫אוֹת‬ ָ

Seventeen times indicating a fem. 1–5 6–10 11–15 16

‫נק‬ ̇ ‫בלש‬ ̇ ̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Gen 39:9; Num 5:21; Judg 14:15; Jer 2:35; 11:17 Jer 30:14; Ezek 16:4*; 16:39b; 16:40; 16:57 Ezek 16:59; 16:60; 22:14; 22:15; 23:25 Ezek 23:29

Com.: The Mp headings here, and at Gen 39:9, Num 5:21, Judg 14:15 and Ezek 23:29, of seventeen, are incorrect since there are only sixteen occurrences of this lemma as indicated in the Mm lists at Gen 39:9 and Ezek 23:29. The mistake is probably a graphic one of writing ̇‫ י̇ ז‬seventeen instead of ̇‫ י̇ ו‬sixteen.

JUDGES

257

The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of this lemma indicating a fem. written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its ten occurrences written defective ‫)א ָֹת�( ו‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mp headings at Gen 39:9, Num 5:21 and Ezek 23:29 and in the Mm headings at Gen 39:9 and Ezek 23:29, all of which read seventeen times plene in this (fem.) meaning. ָ writes Ezek 16:4 defective ‫ ;)א ָֹת�( ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical * ML, contrary to M (�‫)אוֹת‬, Text, 204. On the other hand, ML, contrary to M (�‫)א ָֹת‬, writes Ezek 16:39a plene see Breuer, ibid, 206. (�‫;)אוֹת‬ ָ Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here. 14:15

‫ַה ְליָ ְר ֵשׁנוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 14:16 ‫ידה ַ֨ח ְד ָ֙תּ ִל ְב ֵנ֣י ַﬠ ִ֔מּי וְ ִ ֖לי ֣ל ֹא‬ ֥ ָ ‫אתנִ ֙י וְ ֣ל ֹא ֲא ַה ְב ָ֔תּנִ י ַ ֽה ִח‬ ַ֨ ֵ‫ק־שׂנ‬ ְ ‫אמ ֙ר ַר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֵתּ ְב ְ֩ךּ ֵ֨א ֶשׁת ִשׁ ְמ ֜שׁוֹן ָﬠ ֗ ָליו וַ ֨תּ‬ ‫וּל ִא ִ ֛מּי ֥ל ֹא ִה ַגּ ְ֖ ד ִתּי וְ ָ ֥ל� ַא ִ ֽגּיד׃‬ ְ ‫אמר ֗ ָלהּ ִה ֵ֨נּה ְל ָא ִ ֧בי‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ִה ַגּ ְ֑ ד ָתּה וַ ֣יּ‬ 14:16

‫אתנִ י‬ ַ ֵ‫ְשׂנ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

14:16

‫ֲא ַה ְב ָתּנִ י‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

14:16

‫ַח ְד ָתּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

14:16 1–5 6–8

Mp Mp

‫וְ ִלי‬

Eight times

Mp

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 14:16; 1 Sam 18:8; 1 Kgs 1:26; Hag 2:8; Ps 60:9 Ps 116:6; 139:17; Dan 4:33

——————————

258

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ ִלי‬eight times

1–5

6–8

‫ולי ̇ח‬

Mm

Judg 14:16 1 Sam 18:8 1 Kgs 1:26 The first occurrence of ‫( ִלי גִ ְל ָﬠד וְ ִלי ְמנַ ֶשּׁה‬Ps 60:9) Hag 2:8 Ps 116:6 Ps 139:17 Dan 4:33

‫שמשון‬ ‫ולי נתנו האלפים‬ ‫ולי אני עבדך‬ ̇‫לי גלעד ולי מנשה קדמי‬ ‫לי הכסף‬ ‫דלותי‬ ‫ולי מה יקרו‬ ‫ולי הדברי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (700+) without a cj.

The mention of the first occurrence of the phrase ‫ ִלי גִ ְל ָﬠד וְ ִלי ְמנַ ֶשּׁה‬at the Ps 60:9 reference is to distinguish that phrase from its second occurrence at Ps 108:9, which reads ‫ ִלי גִ ְל ָﬠד ִלי ְמנַ ֶשּׁה‬, that is, it does not have the lemma ‫וְ ִלי‬. The Mp heading at 1 Kgs 1:26 mistakenly writes five for eight, a graphic error of ‫ ה‬five for ‫ ח‬eight. 14:16

‫ִהגַּ ְד ָתּה‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) written defective ‫)הגַּ ְד ָתּ( ה‬. ִ

JUDGES 14:17 ‫יק ְתהוּ‬ ֔ ַ ‫ד־ל ֙הּ ִ ֣כּי ֱה ִצ‬ ָ ֶ‫יﬠי וַ יַּ גּ‬ ִ ֗ ‫ר־היָ ֥ה ָל ֶ ֖הם ַה ִמּ ְשׁ ֶ ֑תּה וַ יְ ִ ֣הי ׀ ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ָ ‫וַ ֵ ֤תּ ְבךְּ ָﬠ ָל ֙יו ִשׁ ְב ַﬠ֣ת ַהיָּ ִ֔מים ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ידה ִל ְב ֵנ֥י ַﬠ ָ ֽמּהּ׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ ַתּ ֵגּ֥ד ַה ִח‬ 14:17

‫ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת ַהיָּ ִמים‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 7:10 (‫ ;) ְל ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת ַהיָּ ִמים‬Exod 13:7; Judg 14:7; Isa 30:26; Ezek 45:23 Ezek 45:25; 1 Chr 9:25 (‫ ;) ְל ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת ַהיָּ ִמים‬2 Chr 30:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in various forms with the def. article on ‫יָ ִמים‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (81x) without this def. article (‫ ;) ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת יָ ִמים‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §237.

JUDGES

259

All the Mp headings highlighted above read eight times except for that at Gen 7:10, which reads twice enumerating the two forms of ‫ ְל ִשׁ ְב ַﬠת ַהיָּ ִמים‬there, and at 1 Chr 9:25. In ML the Mp note in the margin is very faint. 14:17

Unique

‫ֱה ִצ ַיק ְתהוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 14:18 ‫וּמה ַ ֖ﬠז ֵמ ֲא ִ ֑רי‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ה־מּ ֣תוֹק ִמ ְדּ ַ֔בשׁ‬ ָ ‫יﬠי ְבּ ֶ֨ט ֶר ֙ם ֣יָב ֹא ַה ַ֔ח ְר ָסה ַמ‬ ִ ֗ ‫אמרוּ לוֹ֩ ַאנְ ֵ֨שׁי ָה ֜ ִﬠיר ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִב‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫אתם ִח ָיד ִ ֽתי׃‬ ֖ ֶ ‫לוּל ֙א ֲח ַר ְשׁ ֶ ֣תּם ְבּ ֶﬠגְ ָל ִ֔תי ֥ל ֹא ְמ ָצ‬ ֵ ‫אמר ָל ֶ֔הם‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 14:18 Unique 14:18

‫ַה ַח ְר ָסה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ה־מּתוֹק‬ ָ ‫ַמ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

14:18

‫לוּלא‬ ֵ

Mp

Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed on ‫ ָמתוֹק‬but, since this word occurs six times, it is more likely that the note refers to the phrase ‫ה־מּתוֹק‬ ָ ‫מ‬, ַ which only occurs this once. Four times written (with ‫)א‬

‫כת‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 43:10; Judg 14:18; 2 Sam 2:27; Ps 27:13 (‫וּל ׅ֗א‬ ֵ‫) ֗ ׅל ֗ ׅ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with an ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) written with a ‫)לוּלי( י‬. ֵ

The Mp heading at Ps 27:13 notes the dots that are above and below the first, third and fourth letters, and reads: unique pointed above and below apart from ‫ו‬, that is, this form is unique in having the three letters other than the ‫ ו‬pointed with dots above and below them.

260

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

14:18

‫ֲח ַר ְשׁ ֶתּם‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:18; Hos 10:13

Com.: This lemma is featured in two contradictory Masoretic lists. One in a list of doublets with the same meaning; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §70, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §13.

The other is in a list homonymous doublets; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. But the meaning of both forms here, and at Hos 10:13 is the same: you have plowed.

JUDGES 14:19 ‫תּן‬ ֙ ֵ ִ‫יצוֹתם וַ יּ‬ ָ֔ ‫ת־ח ִ ֣ל‬ ֲ ‫�שׁים ִ֗אישׁ וַ יִּ ַקּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ֣ ִ ‫הוה וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶרד ַא ְשׁ ְק ֜לוֹן וַ ַיּ֥ � ֵמ ֶ ֣הם ׀ ְשׁ‬ ָ֗ ְ‫וַ ִתּ ְצ ֨ ַלח ָﬠ ֜ ָליו ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ ‫ידה וַ ִיּ ַ֣חר ַא ֔פּוֹ וַ ַיּ ַ֖ﬠל ֵ ֥בּית ָא ִ ֽביהוּ׃ פ‬ ֑ ָ ‫ידי ַה ִח‬ ֖ ֵ ִ‫ַה ֲח ִל ֔יפוֹת ְל ַמגּ‬ 14:19 Unique

‫יצוֹתם‬ ָ ‫ֲח ִל‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list on words that occur once with a ḥolem (here), and once with a šûreq (‫יצ ָתם‬ ֻ ‫ﬠ ִל‬,ֲ Hab 3:14); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §55, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §56. 14:19

Unique 14:19

Seven times

‫ְל ַמגִּ ֵידי‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ָא ִביהוּ‬ ̇‫ז‬

Mp Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 14:10.

JUDGES

261

JUDGES 14:20 ‫וַ ְתּ ִ ֖הי ֵ ֣א ֶשׁת ִשׁ ְמ ֑שׁוֹן ְל ֵ ֣מ ֵר ֔ ֵﬠהוּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֵר ָ ֖ﬠה ֽלוֹ׃‬ 14:20

‫ְל ֵמ ֵר ֵﬠהוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 14:20; 15:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without this prep. (‫)מ ֵר ֵﬠהוּ‬. ֵ 14:20

‫ֵר ָﬠה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ע‬, to distinguish it from its three occurrences with a səḡôl (‫) ֵר ֶﬠה‬.

JUDGES 15:1 ‫ל־א ְשׁ ִ ֖תּי‬ ִ ‫אמר ָא ֥בֹ ָאה ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫תּוֹ ִבּגְ ִ ֣די ִﬠ ִ֔זּים וַ ֕יּ‬ ֙ ‫ת־א ְשׁ‬ ִ ‫יר־ח ִ֗טּים וַ יִּ ְפ ֨קֹד ִשׁ ְמ ֤שׁוֹן ֶא‬ ִ ‫ימי ְק ִצ‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ יְ ִ֨הי ִמיָּ ִ֜מים ִבּ‬ ‫יה ָל ֽבוֹא׃‬ ָ ‫ֶה ָ ֑ח ְד ָרה וְ ֽל ֹא־נְ ָתנ֥ וֹ ָא ִ ֖ב‬ 15:1

‫וַ יְ ִהי ִמיָּ ִמים‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Josh 23:1. 15:1

Mp

‫ָאב ָֹאה‬

Unique and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times with a ‫ ו‬cj., and once (here) without a ‫ ו‬cj.; see 2 Kgs 19:23.

262 15:1

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ֶה ָח ְד ָרה‬

‫ ֶה ָח ְד ָרה‬twice

‫החדרה ̇ב‬

2 Sam 13:10 Judg 15:1

Mm

‫ותקח תמר את הלבבות‬ ‫אבאה אל אשתי החדרה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with this pointing, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a different pointing (‫)ה ַח ְד ָרה‬ ַ at Gen 43:30 and 1 Kgs 1:15. 15:1

‫נְ ָתנוֹ‬

Five times

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Judg 1:34.

JUDGES 15:2 ‫טוֹבה ִמ ֶ֔מּנָּ ה‬ ֣ ָ ‫אתהּ וָ ֶא ְתּ ֶנ֖נָּ ה ְל ֵמ ֵר ֶﬠ֑� ֲה ֨ל ֹא ֲאח ָ ֹ֤תהּ ַה ְקּ ַטנָּ ֙ה‬ ָ֔ ֵ‫י־שׂ ֣נ ֹא ְשׂנ‬ ָ ‫תּי ִכּ‬ ֙ ִ ‫מר ָא ַ֨מ ְר‬ ֹ ֤ ‫יה ָא‬ ָ ‫אמר ָא ִ֗ב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫י־נ֥א ְל�֖ ַתּ ְח ֶ ֽתּ‬ ָ ‫ְתּ ִה‬ 15:2

‫ָאמֹר‬

Three times defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 21:5; Judg 15:2; 1 Sam 20:21 ——————————

‫ ָאמֹר‬three times defective, and (their) references Exod 21:5 Judg 15:2 1 Sam 20:21

‫ואם אמר יאמר העבד אהבתי‬ ‫ויאמר אביה אמר‬ ‫והנה אשלח את הנער לך‬

‫וסימ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫אמר ̇ג‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written plene ‫)אמוֹר( ו‬. ָ

JUDGES

263

JUDGES 15:4 ‫ין־שׁ ֵנ֥י‬ ְ ‫שׁוּﬠ ִ ֑לים וַ יִּ ַ ֣קּח ַל ִפּ ִ ֗דים וַ יֶּ ֶ֤פן זָ נָ ֙ב ֶאל־זָ ָ֔נב וַ ָ֨יּ ֶשׂם ַל ִ ֥פּיד ֶא ָ ֛חד ֵבּ‬ ָ ‫�שׁ־מ ֣אוֹת‬ ֵ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן וַ יִּ ְל ֖כֹּד ְשׁ‬ ‫ַהזְּ נָ ֖בוֹת ַבּ ָ ֽתּוֶ �׃‬ 15:4

‫שׁוּﬠ ִלים‬ ָ

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 15:4; Lam 5:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written defective ‫)שׁ ָﬠ ִלים( ו‬. ֻ

ֻ has two more occurrences of this lemma at Cant 2:15a and ML, contrary to M (‫)שׁ ָﬠ ִלים‬, b ָ see Breuer, The Biblical Cant 2:15 since it writes both these forms plene ‫;)שׁוּﬠ ִלים( ו‬ Text, 304. However, the Mp heading highlighted above supports the enumeration inherent in the text of M. 15:4

� ֶ‫ַבּ ָתּו‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 8:22.

Mp

JUDGES 15:5 ‫ד־כּ ֶרם ָזֽ יִת׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫ד־ק ָ ֖מה וְ ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫יַּב ֵﬠ֛ר ִמגָּ ִ ֥דישׁ וְ ַﬠ‬ ְ ַ‫ידים וַ יְ ַשׁ ַלּ֖ח ְבּ ָק ֣מוֹת ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים ו‬ ֔ ִ ‫ר־א ֙שׁ ַבּ ַלּ ִפּ‬ ֵ ‫יַּב ֶﬠ‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬ 15:5 Unique

‫יַּב ֶﬠר‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a səḡôl under the ‫ע‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with a ṣerê under the ‫יַּב ֵﬠר( ע‬ ְ ַ‫)ו‬, one of which occurs in this same verse, and the other in 2 Chr 28:3.

264

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 15:6 ‫ת־א ְשׁ ֔תּוֹ ַוֽ יִּ ְתּ ָנ֖הּ ְל ֵמ ֵר ֵﬠ֑הוּ‬ ִ ‫שׁוֹן ֲח ַ ֣תן ַה ִתּ ְמ ִ֔ני ִכּ֚י ָל ַ ֣ קח ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ ֗רוּ ִשׁ ְמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת וַ יּ‬ ֒ ‫ים ִ ֣מי ָﬠ ָ֣שׂה זֹא‬ ֮ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִתּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫יה ָבּ ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ָ ‫ת־א ִ ֖ב‬ ָ ‫אוֹתהּ וְ ֶא‬ ֛ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֔תּים וַ יִּ ְשׂ ְר ֥פוּ‬ 15:6

‫ֲח ַתן‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Exod 4:25; 4:26; Judg 15:6; 2 Kgs 8:27 —————————— ‫ ֲח ַתן‬four times Exod 4:25 Exod 4:26 Judg 15:6 2 Kgs 8:27

‫חתן ̇ד‬

Mm

‫דמים‬ ‫דמים‬ ‫התמני כי לקח את אשתו‬ ‫בית אחאב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma written with a paṯaḥ, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences written with a qameṣ (‫)ח ָתן‬. ָ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur five times, four times without a ‫ ו‬cj., and once with a cj. (1 Sam 22:14); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §17, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §18. 15:6

‫ַה ִתּ ְמנִ י‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

15:6

‫יה‬ ָ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Josh 6:23; Judg 15:6

——————————

JUDGES ‫יה‬ ָ ‫ת־א ִב‬ ָ ‫ וְ ֶא‬twice

‫ואת אביה ̇ב‬

Josh 6:23 Judg 15:6

265

Mm

‫ויבאו הנערים‬ ‫וישרפו אותה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj.

JUDGES 15:7 ‫ם־תּ ֲﬠ ֖שׂוּן ָכּ ֑ז ֹאת ִ ֛כּי ִאם־נִ ַ ֥קּ ְמ ִתּי ָב ֶכ֖ם וְ ַא ַ ֥חר ֶא ְח ָ ֽדּל׃‬ ַ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן ִ ֽא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 15:7

‫ַתּ ֲﬠשׂוּן‬

Fourteen times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 7:17.

JUDGES 15:8 ‫יטם׃ ס‬ ֽ ָ ‫דוֹל֑ה וַ ֵיּ ֣ ֶ רד וַ ֵ֔יּ ֶשׁב ִבּ ְס ִ ֖ﬠיף ֶ ֥ס ַלע ֵﬠ‬ ָ ְ‫אוֹתם ֛שׁוֹק ַﬠל־יָ ֵ ֖ר� ַמ ָכּ֣ה ג‬ ֥ ָ �‫וַ ַ֨יּ‬ 15:8

‫אוֹתם שׁוֹק‬ ָ

Unique 15:8

‫̇ל‬ ‫ִבּ ְס ִﬠיף‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish it from its occurrence without this prep. in v. 11.

JUDGES 15:9 ‫יהוּדה וַ יִּ נָּ ְט ֖שׁוּ ַבּ ֶלּ ִֽחי׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֔תּים ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֖ וּ ִבּ‬ 15:9

‫וַ יִּ נָּ ְטשׁוּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 15:9; 2 Sam 5:18; 5:22

266

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 15:10 ‫שׁוֹן ָﬠ ֔ ִלינוּ ַל ֲﬠ ֣שׂוֹת ֔לוֹ ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר‬ ֙ ‫ת־שׁ ְמ‬ ִ ‫אמ ֗רוּ ֶל ֱא ֤סוֹר ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫יתם ָﬠ ֵל֑ינוּ וַ יּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוּדה ָל ָ ֖מה ֲﬠ ִל‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫רוּ ִ ֣אישׁ י‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֽיּ‬ ‫ָ ֥ﬠ ָשׂה ָ ֽלנוּ׃‬ 15:10 Unique

‫יתם‬ ֶ ‫ָל ָמה ֲﬠ ִל‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫יתם‬ ֶ ‫ ֲﬠ ִל‬with ‫ל ָמה‬,ָ to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫יתם( וְ ָל ָמה‬ ֶ ‫ )וְ ָל ָמה ֲﬠ ִל‬at Judg 12:3. 15:10

‫ֶל ֱאסוֹר‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written defective ‫)ל ֱאסֹר( ו‬. ֶ 15:10

‫ָﬠ ִלינוּ‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 44:24; Num 14:40 (‫ ;)וְ ָﬠ ִלינוּ‬Judg 15:10; 1 Sam 14:10 (‫)וְ ָﬠ ִלינוּ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, twice with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Num 14:40 and 1 Sam 14:10), and twice without a cj. (Gen 44:24 and here).

The Mp headings at Gen 44:24 and Num 14:40 read twice, correctly enumerating their particular forms, whereas the headings here, and at 1 Sam 14:10 read four times enumerating all four forms, with and without a cj. The Mp heading at Gen 44:24 adds the catchwords ‫ֶל ֱאסוֹר ֶאת־( לאסור את שמשון‬ ‫)שׁ ְמשׁוֹן‬ ִ to refer the reader to this verse.

JUDGES 15:11 ‫אמ ֣רוּ ְל ִשׁ ְמ ֗שׁוֹן ֲה ֤ל ֹא יָ ַ ֨ד ְﬠ ָ֙תּ ִ ֽכּי־‬ ְ ֹ ‫ם וַ יּ‬ ֒ ‫יט‬ ָ ‫ל־ס ִﬠ ֮יף ֶ ֣ס ַלע ֵﬠ‬ ְ ‫יהוּדה ֶא‬ ֗ ָ ‫�שׁ ֩ת ֲא ָל ִ֨פים ִ֜אישׁ ִ ֽמ‬ ֶ ‫וַ יֵּ ְר ֡דוּ ְשׁ‬ ‫יתי ָל ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ִ ‫אמר ָל ֶ֔הם ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ָﬠ֣שׂוּ ֔ ִלי ֵ ֖כּן ָﬠ ִ ֥שׂ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ית ָלּ֑נוּ וַ ֣יּ‬ ָ ‫ה־זּ ֹאת ָﬠ ִ ֣שׂ‬ ֖ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ‫מ ְֹשׁ ִ ֥לים ָ֨בּ ֙נוּ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ֔תּים‬ 15:11 Unique

‫וּמה־זֹּאת‬ ַ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

267

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words which occur only once with a preceding ‫;וּמה‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §256.

JUDGES 15:12 ‫ן־תּ ְפגְּ ֥ﬠוּן ִ ֖בּי‬ ִ ‫אמר ָל ֶה ֙ם ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן ִה ָשּׁ ְב ֣ﬠוּ ֔ ִלי ֶ ֽפּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ד־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים וַ ֤יּ‬ ְ ַ‫אמרוּ ֙לוֹ ֶל ֱא ָס ְר�֣ יָ ַ ֔ר ְדנוּ ְל ִת ְתּ�֖ ְבּי‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫ַא ֶ ֽתּם׃‬ 15:12

‫ִתּ ְפגְּ עוּן‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 15:13 ‫ית� וַ יַּ ַא ְס ֻ ֗רהוּ ִבּ ְשׁ ֨ ַניִ ֙ם ֲﬠב ִ ֹ֣תים‬ ֑ ֶ ‫י־א ֤סֹר ֶנ ֱֽא ָס ְר ֙� וּנְ ַתנּ֣ וּ� ְביָ ָ ֔דם וְ ָה ֵ ֖מת ֣ל ֹא נְ ִמ‬ ָ ‫מר ֚ל ֹא ִ ֽכּ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫אמרוּ ל֣ וֹ ֵלא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֧יּ‬ ‫ן־ה ָ ֽסּ ַלע׃‬ ַ ‫ֲח ָד ִ֔שׁים ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠל֖ וּהוּ ִמ‬ 15:13

‫ָאסֹר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 15:13; 16:11 (‫)אסוֹר‬ ָ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬Judg 16:11), and one written defective ‫( ו‬here).

The Mp heading at Judg 16:11 of four times plene is incorrect since the form there is the only occurrence of this lemma written plene. 15:13

Unique 15:13

Unique

�‫נֶ ֱא ָס ְר‬ ‫̇ל‬ �‫וּנְ ַתנּוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a list of Masoretic words that occur once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (here), and once without (2 Chr 25:16); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

268 15:13 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML �‫ית‬ ֶ ‫לֹא נְ ִמ‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a cj. at Jer38:25. 15:13

‫אַס ֻרהוּ‬ ְ ַ‫וַ יּ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 15:13; 16:21 (‫אַסרוּהוּ‬ ְ ַ‫ ;)וַ יּ‬2 Chr 33:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the pl., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) in the sg. (‫אַס ֵרהוּ‬ ְ ַ‫ ;)וַ יּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §312.

JUDGES 15:14 ‫שׁר ַﬠל־‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הוה וַ ִתּ ְה ֶ֨יינָ ה ָה ֲﬠב ִֹ֜תים ֲא‬ ֗ ָ ְ‫אתוֹ וַ ִתּ ְצ ֨ ַלח ָﬠ ֜ ָליו ֣ר ַוּ� י‬ ֑ ‫וּפ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֖תּים ֵה ִ ֣ריעוּ ִל ְק ָר‬ ְ ‫ד־ל ִחי‬ ֶ ֔ ‫הוּא־בא ַﬠ‬ ָ֣ ‫סוּריו ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל יָ ָ ֽדיו׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫שׁר ָבּ ֲﬠ ֣רוּ ָב ֵ֔אשׁ וַ יִּ ַ ֥מּסּוּ ֱא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫רוֹעוֹתיו ַכּ ִפּ ְשׁ ִתּ ֙ים ֲא‬ ָ֗ ְ‫ז‬ 15:14

‫רוֹעוֹתיו‬ ָ ְ‫ז‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene second ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence written defective second ‫ )זְ רוֹע ָֹתיו( ו‬at Hos 11:3. 15:14

Unique

‫ַכּ ִפּ ְשׁ ִתּים‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of hapax legomena beginning with a ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20.

The other is in a list of words that occur only once with a ‫( ב‬Lev 13:52), and once with a ‫( כ‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §4, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §4.

JUDGES

269

JUDGES 15:15 ‫�־בּהּ ֶ ֥א ֶלף ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ ֖ ָ ַ‫י־ח ֖מוֹר ְט ִר ָיּ֑ה וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַל֤ח יָ ֙דוֹ וַ יִּ ָקּ ֶ֔ח ָה וַ יּ‬ ֲ ‫וַ יִּ ְמ ָ ֥צא ְל ִ ֽח‬ 15:15

‫ְט ִריָּ ה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 15:15; Isa 1:6

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of homonyms; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §59, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §60. Here the meaning is fresh, in Isa 1:6 the meaning is festering.

JUDGES 15:16 ‫֖יתי ֶ ֥א ֶלף ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ ִ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן ִבּ ְל ִ ֣חי ַה ֲח ֔מוֹר ֲח ֖מוֹר ֲחמ ָֹר ָ ֑תיִ ם ִבּ ְל ִ ֣חי ַה ֲח ֔מוֹר ִה ֵכּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 15:16 Unique

‫ֲחמ ָֹר ָתיִם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 15:17 ‫�תוֹ ְל ַד ֵ֔בּר וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵ ֥ל� ַה ְלּ ִ ֖חי ִמיָּ ֑דוֹ וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֛רא ַל ָמּ ֥קוֹם ַה ֖הוּא ָ ֥ר ַמת ֶל ִֽחי׃‬ ֣ ‫הי ְכּ ַכ‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ 15:17

‫הי‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫וַ י‬

Six times with the accent (pašṭâ) in the book 1–5 6–10

Judg 1:28; 3:18; 7:9; 9:42; 15:17 Judg 16:4; 16:25; 19:1; 19:5; 21:4

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫בטע‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of six times is incorrect since there are ten occurrences of this lemma in the book. The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma in the book with the accent pašṭâ, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences in the book with different accents. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

15:17

Unique

‫ָר ַמת ֶל ִחי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

270

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 15:18 ‫שׁוּﬠה ַהגְּ ד ָֹל֖ה ַה ֑זּ ֹאת וְ ַﬠ ָתּ ֙ה‬ ֥ ָ ‫ת־ה ְתּ‬ ַ ‫ֽד־ﬠ ְב ְדּ ֔� ֶא‬ ַ ‫אמר ַא ָתּ ֙ה נָ ַ ֣ת ָתּ ְב ַי‬ ַ֔ ֹ ‫אד֒ וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֤רא ֶאל־יְ הוָ ֙ה וַ יּ‬ ֹ ‫וַ יִּ ְצ ָמ ֮א ְמ‬ ‫ָא ֣מוּת ַבּ ָצּ ָ֔מא וְ נָ ַפ ְל ִ ֖תּי ְבּ ַי֥ד ָה ֲﬠ ֵר ִ ֽלים׃‬ 15:18

‫נָ ַת ָתּ‬

Twenty-five times defective 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–28

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 40:13; Exod 25:16; 25:21; 25:26; 25:30 Exod 26:34; 28:23; 28:30; 29:3; 29:6 Exod 29:17; 30:16; 30:18a; 30:18b; 40:7a Exod 40:7b; 40:8; Lev 2:15; 24:7; Judg 15:18 1 Kgs 3:9; 8:34; 8:39; Ps 61:6; Dan 10:12 Neh 9:20a; 9:35a; 9:35b

Com.: The Mp heading here, and at Gen 40:13, of twenty-five is incorrect since there are twenty-eight occurrences of this lemma. The error may be ascribed to graphic confusion of ‫ ה‬five and ‫ ח‬eight.

The Masorah notes the twenty-eight occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (65x) in various forms written plene ‫וְ נָ ַת ָתּה( ה‬/‫)נָ ַת ָתּה‬.

The correct number of twenty-eight is given in the Mp headings at 1 Kgs 3:9 and Ps 61:6.

All the other Mp headings highlighted above list the number of this lemma as twenty-nine because they include either Neh 9:15 (not in the above list) or Neh 9:20b (not in the above list), which are in dispute; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 353. The dispute can be seen, for example, in ML in the Mm to Exod 40:7, since the form at Neh 9:15 is included as defective in the Mm list, but ML writes this form plene in its text. MC reads here twenty-nine times defective including Neh 9:15; see Castro, El codice, 1:200, while MA reads here unique defective in the book (of Judges). 15:18

‫ַהגְּ ד ָֹלה‬

Eight times defective 1–5 6–8

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 15:18; Jer 11:16 (‫ ;)גְּ ד ָֹלה‬Ezra 9:7 (‫ ;)גְּ ד ָֹלה‬9:13; Neh 1:3 (‫)גְּ ד ָֹלה‬ Neh 2:10 (‫ ;)גְּ ד ָֹלה‬7:4 (‫ ;)*וּגְ ד ָֹלה‬9:37 (‫)*גְּ ד ָֹלה‬

——————————

JUDGES ‫ ַהגְּ ד ָֹלה‬eight times defective in the Prophets and Writings 1–5

6–8

Judg 15:18 Jer 11:16 Ezra 9:7 Ezra 9:13 Neh 1:3 Neh 2:10 Neh 7:4 Neh 9:37

‫ובכתיב‬ ̇ ‫חס בנביא‬ ̇ ‫הגדלה ̇ח‬

271 Mm

‫ויצמא מאד‬ ‫לקול המולה‬ [‫מימי )אבותינו( ]אבתינו‬ ‫)ובאשמתינו( ]ובאשמתנו[ הגדלה‬ ‫ברעה‬ ‫וירע להם רעה‬ ‫והעיר רחבת‬ [‫ובצרה )גדלה( ]גדולה‬

And similarly all Daniel apart from one (‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ְ‫)הגּ‬: ַ Dan 8:21

And all (cases in) the Torah are defective apart from four

‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א והקרן הגדולה‬ ̇ ‫וכל דניאל‬ ‫וכל אוריתא חסירין בר מן ̇ד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences in the Prophets and Writings of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) in the Prophets and Writings in various forms written plene ‫דוֹלה( ו‬ ָ ְ‫)גּ‬.

The Mm has two additional notes. The first is that this lemma is also the norm (5x) in Daniel, apart from one case when it is written plene ‫וֹלה( ו‬ ָ ‫ ) ַהגְּ ד‬at Dan 8:21.

The second is that this lemma written defective ‫ ו‬is also the norm in the Torah (18x), apart from four cases. The four plene writings are at Num 22:18, Deut 4:36, 25:13 and 25:14, see the Mm to Deut 25:13 sub ‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ְ‫גּ‬.

* ML, contrary to M (‫ וּגְ ד ָֹלה‬and ‫)גְּ ד ָֹלה‬, has only six occurrences of this lemma since it writes the forms at Neh 7:4 and 9:37 plene ‫דוֹלה( ו‬ ָ ְ‫ וּגּ‬and ‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ְ‫ ;)גּ‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 350 and 353. However, the Mp heading highlighted above reads eight times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

ַ has two exceptions in Daniel since, in addiFurthermore ML, contrary to M (‫)הגְּ ד ָֹלה‬, tion to Dan 8:21, it writes the form at Dan 8:8 plene ‫דוֹלה( ו‬ ָ ְ‫)הגּ‬. ַ Nevertheless, the Mp note at Dan 8:21 reads unique plene in the book.

The Mp heading at Neh 7:4 (‫ )וּגְ ד ָֹלה‬reads twice, once plene (‫ )ו‬enumerating the two forms of this form with a ‫ ו‬cj., one there (defective ‫)ו‬, and one at Qoh 9:13 (plene ‫)ו‬.

272

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 15:19 ‫ל־כּ֣ן ׀ ָק ָ ֣רא‬ ֵ ‫רוּחוֹ וַ ֶיּ ִ֑חי ַﬠ‬ ֖ ‫ר־בּ ֗ ֶלּ ִחי וַ יֵּ ְצ ֨אוּ ִמ ֶ ֤מּנּוּ ַ֨מיִ ֙ם וַ ֵ֔יּ ְשׁ ְתּ וַ ָ ֥תּ ָשׁב‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ְכ ֵ ֣תּשׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫�הים ֶא‬ ִ֜ ‫יִּב ַ ֨קע ֱא‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬ ‫שׁר ַבּ ֔ ֶלּ ִחי ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֥ וֹם ַה ֶזּֽה׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫קּוֹר ֙א ֲא‬ ֵ ‫ְשׁ ָ֗מהּ ֵﬠ֤ין ַה‬ 15:19

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫יִּב ַקע ֱא‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

15:19

‫ַה ַמּ ְכ ֵתּשׁ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 15:19; Zeph 1:11 15:19

‫קּוֹרא‬ ֵ ‫ַה‬

Ten times plene 1–5 6–10

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Judg 15:19; Isa 6:4; 40:3 (‫;)קוֹרא‬ ֵ 45:3; 64:6 (‫)קוֹרא‬ ֵ Amos 5:8; Hab 2:2 (‫;)קוֹרא‬ ֵ Ps 42:8 (‫;)קוֹרא‬ ֵ 1 Chr 9:19 (‫;)קוֹרא‬ ֵ 2 Chr 31:14 (‫קוֹרא‬ ֵ ְ‫)ו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) in various forms written defective ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 16:1 ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫יָּב ֹא ֵא ֶ ֽל‬ ֖ ַ‫זוֹנה ו‬ ָ ֔ ‫א־שׁ ֙ם ִא ָ ֣שּׁה‬ ָ ‫וַ ֵיּ ֶ֥ל� ִשׁ ְמ ֖שׁוֹן ַﬠ ָזּ ָ֑תה וַ יַּ ְר‬ 16:1

‫ַﬠזָּ ָתה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 16:1; 16:21

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) without this adverbial ending (‫)ﬠזָּ ה‬. ַ

JUDGES

273

JUDGES 16:2 ‫ל־ה ֨ ַלּיְ ָל ֙ה‬ ַ ‫שׁ ַﬠר ָה ִ ֑ﬠיר וַ יִּ ְת ָח ְר ֤שׁוּ ָכ‬ ֣ ַ ‫ל־ה ַלּ֖יְ ָלה ְבּ‬ ַ ‫שׁוֹן ֵ֔הנָּ ה וַ יָּ ֛סֹבּוּ וַ יֶּ ֶא ְרבוּ־ל֥ וֹ ָכ‬ ֙ ‫מר ָ ֤בּא ִשׁ ְמ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫ַ ֽל ַﬠזָּ ִ ֣תים ׀ ֵלא‬ ‫ד־אוֹר ַה ֖בֹּ ֶקר וַ ֲה ְרגְ ֻנֽהוּ׃‬ ֥ ‫מר ַﬠ‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ֵלא‬ 16:2 Unique 16:2

Unique 16:2

Six times 1–5 6

‫ַל ַﬠזָּ ִתים‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ָח ְרשׁוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫אוֹר ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp Mp Mp

Judg 16:2; 1 Sam 14:36; 25:34; 25:36; 2 Sam 17:22 2 Kgs 7:9

—————————— ‫ אוֹר ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬six times 1–5

6

Judg 16:2 1 Sam 14:36 1 Sam 25:34 1 Sam 25:36 2 Sam 17:22 2 Kgs 7:9

̇‫אור הבקר ו‬

Mm

‫ויתחרשו כל הלילה‬ ‫ונבזה בהם‬ ‫כי אם נותר לנבל‬ ‫הגידה‬ ‫נעדר‬ ‫מחשׁים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma which occur with the prep. ‫) ַﬠד אוֹר ַהבּ ֶֹקר( ַﬠד‬, possibly to avoid confusion with the twelve occurrences of the parallel phrase ‫ ַﬠד ַהבֹּ ֶקר‬. For example, some mss. read ‫ ַﬠד ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬at 1 Sam 25:22 as ‫( ַﬠד אוֹר ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬see Ginsburg, 4, ‫א‬, §211, and BHS ad loc.).

274

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 16:3 ‫וּב ְשׁ ֵ ֣תּי ַה ְמּזוּז֔ וֹת‬ ִ ‫יר‬ ֙ ‫ר־ה ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫ה וַ ָיּ֣ ָ קם ׀ ַבּ ֲח ִ ֣צי ַה ֗ ַלּיְ ָלה וַ יֶּ ֱא ֞חֹז ְבּ ַד ְל ֤תוֹת ַ ֽשׁ ַﬠ‬ ֒ ‫ד־ח ִ ֣צי ַה ַלּיְ ָל‬ ֲ ‫שׁוֹן ַﬠ‬ ֮ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ַכּ֣ב ִשׁ ְמ‬ ‫ל־פּ ֵנ֥י ֶח ְב ֽרוֹן׃ פ‬ ְ ‫ל־ר ֹאשׁ ָה ָ֔הר ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ַﬠ‬ ֣ ‫ל־כּ ֵת ָ ֑פיו ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵל ֙ם ֶא‬ ְ ‫ם־ה ְבּ ִ ֔ר ַי� וַ ָיּ ֶ֖שׂם ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵﬠ ֙ם ִ ֽﬠ‬ 16:3

‫ַבּ ֲח ִצי ַה ַלּיְ ָלה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 12:29; Judg 16:3; Ruth 3:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this prep. (‫ ) ֲח ִצי ַה ַלּיְ ָלה‬also in this verse.

The Mp heading at Ruth 3:8 extends the lemma to ‫וַ יְ ִהי ַבּ ֲח ִצי ַה ַלּיְ ָלה‬, and reads twice for the two occurrences of this phrase there, and at Exod 12:29. However, the Mm at Ruth 3:8 limits the lemma to ‫ ַבּ ֲח ִצי ַה ַלּיְ ָלה‬, and lists these three ocurrences. 16:3

Unique

‫וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵﬠם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 16:5 ‫וּכל ֔לוֹ וַ ֲא ַס ְר ֻנ֖הוּ‬ ַ ֣‫וּב ֶמּ ֙ה נ‬ ַ ‫אי ַבּ ֶמּ ֙ה כּ ֹ֣חוֹ גָ ֔דוֹל‬ ֙ ִ ‫אוֹתוֹ ְוּר‬ ֗ ‫אמרוּ ֜ ָלהּ ַפּ ִ ֣תּי‬ ְ ֹ ‫יה ַס ְר ֵנ֣י ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֗תּים וַ ֨יּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ֨לוּ ֵא ֜ ֶל‬ ‫וּמ ָ ֖אה ָ ֽכּ ֶסף׃‬ ֵ ‫ן־ל� ִ֕אישׁ ֶ ֥א ֶלף‬ ָ ֔ ‫ְל ַﬠנּ ֹ֑תוֹ וַ ֲא ַ֨נ ְח ֙נוּ נִ ַתּ‬ 16:5

‫ַפּ ִתּי‬

Twice with paṯaḥ

‫פתח‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 14:15. 16:5

Unique

‫וַ ֲא ַס ְרנֻ הוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

JUDGES 16:5

‫ְל ַﬠנֹּתוֹ‬

Three times

275

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 16:5 (‫;*)ל ַﬠנּוֹתוֹ‬ ְ 16:19 (‫;)ל ַﬠנּוֹתוֹ‬ ְ 2 Sam 7:10 (‫)ל ַﬠנּוֹתוֹ‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences without this prep. (‫)ﬠנֹּתוֹ‬ ַ at Exod 1:11 and 2 Sam 13:32.

ְ writes the lemma here defective ‫ ;ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical * ML, contrary to M (‫)ל ַﬠנּוֹתוֹ‬, Text, 64. MA reads ‫ל ַﬠנּוֹתוֹ‬,ְ and also has note of three times. MC, as does ML, reads ‫ל ַﬠנֹּתוֹ‬,ְ and has no note. 16:5

‫נִ ַתּן‬

Twenty-one times

‫̇כ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 24:33

Mp

JUDGES 16:7 ‫֖יתי ְכּ ַא ַ ֥חד‬ ִ ִ‫יתי וְ ָהי‬ ִ ‫שׁר לֹא־ח ָ ֹ֑רבוּ וְ ָח ִ ֥ל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יְת ִ ֥רים ַל ִ ֖חים ֲא‬ ָ ‫יה ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן ִאם־יַ ַא ְס ֻ ֗רנִ י ְבּ ִשׁ ְב ָ ֛ﬠה‬ ָ֙ ‫אמר ֵא ֨ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ ‫ָה ָא ָ ֽדם׃‬ 16:7

‫אַס ֻרנִ י‬ ְ ַ‫י‬

‫אַס ֻרנִ י‬ ְ ַ‫ י‬twice, once defective and once plene Judg 16:7 Judg 16:11

‫יאסרני ̇ב חד חסיר וחד מליין‬

Mm

‫בשבעה יתרים לחים‬ [‫אסור יאסרוני )בעבותים( ]בעבתים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬Judg 16:11), and one written defective ‫( ו‬here). This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets commencing with ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §66, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §67.

276

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

16:7

‫ח ָֹרבוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 16:7; 16:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the pual to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the qal (‫)ח ְרבוּ‬ ָ at Gen 8:13; see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ח‬, §380. 16:7

‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫ְכּ‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 3:22; 49:16; Judg 16:7; 16:11; 17:11 1 Sam 17:36; 2 Sam 2:18; 9:11; 13:13; Ezek 48:8 Obad 11; 2 Chr 18:12

—————————— ‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫ ְכּ‬twelve times 1–5

6–10

11–12

‫כאחד י̇ ̇ב‬

Mm

Gen 3:22 Gen 49:16 Judg 16:7 Judg 16:11 Judg 17:11 1 Sam 17:36 2 Sam 13:13 Ezek 48:8 2 Sam 2:18 2 Sam 9:11 Obad 11 ‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫ ְל ִמ‬of Chronicles (2 Chr 18:12)

And once (‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫)וּכ‬: ְ Ps 82:7

[‫הן )האחד( ]האדם‬ ‫שבטי ישראל‬ ‫וחליתי והייתי‬ ‫וחליתי והייתי‬ ‫כאחד מבניו‬ [‫)ומהם מבני( ]כאחד מהם‬ ‫הנבלים‬ ‫כאחד החלקים‬ ‫כאחד הצבים‬ ‫מבני‬ ‫ונכרים באו‬ ‫למיכיהו דדברי̇ הימים‬

‫וחד וכאחד השרים תפלו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (25x) without this preposition.

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 18:12 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 1 Kgs 22:13, where the lemma occurs as ‫אַחד‬. ַ

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫)וּכ‬ ְ at Ps 82:7.

JUDGES

277

JUDGES 16:8 ‫שׁר לֹא־ח ָ ֹ֑רבוּ וַ ַתּ ַא ְס ֵ ֖רהוּ ָבּ ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יְת ִ ֥רים ַל ִ ֖חים ֲא‬ ָ ‫לוּ־להּ ַס ְר ֵנ֣י ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֗תּים ִשׁ ְב ָ ֛ﬠה‬ ָ ֞ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠ‬ 16:8

‫ח ָֹרבוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 16:7.

JUDGES 16:9 ‫ת־היְ ָת ִ ֔רים ַכּ ֲא ֶ֨שׁר יִ נָּ ֵ ֤תק‬ ַ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֥תּים ָﬠ ֶל֖י� ִשׁ ְמ ֑שׁוֹן וַ יְ נַ ֵתּ ֙ק ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וְ ָהא ֵ ֹ֗רב י ֵ ֹ֥שׁב ָל ֙הּ ַבּ ֶ֔ח ֶדר וַ ֣תּ‬ ‫נוֹדע כּ ֹֽחוֹ׃‬ ֖ ַ ‫יחוֹ ֵ֔אשׁ וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ֣ ‫יל־הנְּ ֨עֹ ֶר ֙ת ַבּ ֲה ִר‬ ַ ‫ְפּ ִ ֽת‬ 16:9

‫וַ יְ נַ ֵתּק‬

Unique 16:9

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫יִ נָּ ֵתק‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 16:9; Job 18:14; Qoh 4:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the piel (‫ )יְ נַ ֵתּק‬at Ezek 17:9 and Ps 107:14. 16:9

Unique

‫ַבּ ֲה ִריחוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 16:11 ‫֖יתי‬ ִ ִ‫יתי וְ ָהי‬ ִ ‫אכה וְ ָח ִ ֥ל‬ ֑ ָ ‫ם־א ֤סוֹר יַ ַא ְס ֨רוּנִ ֙י ַבּ ֲﬠב ִ ֹ֣תים ֲח ָד ִ֔שׁים ֲא ֶ ֛שׁר ֽל ֹא־נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֥שׂה ָב ֶ ֖הם ְמ ָל‬ ָ ‫יה ִא‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫ְכּ ַא ַ ֥חד ָה ָא ָ ֽדם׃‬ 16:11

‫ָאסוֹר‬

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times plene is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this form written plene ‫ו‬. Both MC and MA read here unique plene.

278

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

For a suggestion as to how the four times might be accounted for as four plene forms of the verb ‫א ַסר‬, ָ see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

16:11

‫אַסרוּנִ י‬ ְ ַ‫י‬

Twice, once plene and once defective Judg 16:7 (‫אַס ֻרנִ י‬ ְ ַ‫ ;)י‬16:11

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 16:7. 16:11

‫אַחד‬ ַ ‫ְכּ‬

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 16:7.

Mp

JUDGES 16:12 ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֤תּים ָﬠ ֨ ֶל ֙י� ִשׁ ְמ ֔שׁוֹן וְ ָהא ֵ ֹ֖רב י ֵ ֹ֣שׁב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ִתּ ַ ֣קּח ְדּ ִל ָיל ֩ה ֲﬠב ִֹ֨תים ֲח ָד ִ֜שׁים וַ ַתּ ַא ְס ֵ ֣רהוּ ָב ֶ֗הם וַ ֤תּ‬ ‫ֶבּ ָ ֑ח ֶדר ַוֽ יְ נַ ְתּ ֵ ֛ קם ֵמ ַ ֥ﬠל זְ רֹע ָ ֹ֖תיו ַכּ ֽחוּט׃‬ 16:12 Unique 16:12

Unique

‫וַ יְ נַ ְתּ ֵקם‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ַכּחוּט‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a prefix ‫( ְכּ‬Cant 4:3), and once with a prefix ‫( ַכּ‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §11, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §11.

JUDGES 16:13 ‫אמר‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ד־הנָּ ה ֵה ַ ֤ת ְל ָתּ ִ ֙בּי וַ ְתּ ַד ֵבּ֤ר ֵא ַ ֙לי ְכּזָ ִ֔בים ַה ִגּ ָ֣ידה ֔ ִלּי ַבּ ֶ ֖מּה ֵתּ ָא ֵ ֑סר וַ ֣יּ‬ ֵ֜ ‫ל־שׁ ְמ ֗שׁוֹן ַﬠ‬ ִ ‫אמר ְדּ ִל ֜ ָילה ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨תּ‬ ‫ם־ה ַמּ ָ ֽסּ ֶכת׃‬ ַ ‫אשׁי ִﬠ‬ ֖ ִ ֹ ‫ת־שׁ ַבע ַמ ְח ְל ֥פוֹת ר‬ ֛ ֶ ‫ם־תּ ַא ְר ֗ ִגי ֶא‬ ַ ‫יה ִא‬ ָ ‫ֵא ֔ ֶל‬ 16:13 Unique

‫אַרגִ י‬ ְ ‫ַתּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 16:13

‫ַמ ְח ְלפוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

16:13

‫ַה ַמּ ָסּ ֶכת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

279

Mp

Judg 16:13; 16:19

Mp

Judg 16:13; 16:14

JUDGES 16:14 ‫יְתד ָה ֶ ֖א ֶרג וְ ֶאת־‬ ֥ ַ ‫ת־ה‬ ַ ‫אמר ֵא ֔ ָליו ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֥תּים ָﬠ ֶל֖י� ִשׁ ְמ ֑שׁוֹן וַ יִּ ַיק ֙ץ ִמ ְשּׁנָ ֔תוֹ וַ יִּ ַ ֛סּע ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ִתּ ְת ַק ֙ע ַבּיָּ ֵ֔תד וַ ֣תּ‬ ‫ַה ַמּ ָ ֽסּ ֶכת׃‬ 16:14

‫ת־ה ַמּ ָסּ ֶכת‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ַה ַמּ ָסּ ֶכת‬with ‫וְ ֶאת‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with ‫ם־ה ַמּ ָסּ ֶכת( ִﬠם‬ ַ ‫)ﬠ‬ ִ in the preceding verse.

JUDGES 16:15 ‫א־ה ַגּ ְ֣ ד ָתּ ֔ ִלּי ַבּ ֶ ֖מּה‬ ִ ֹ ‫אמר ֲא ַה ְב ִ֔תּי� וְ ִל ְבּ�֖ ֵ ֣אין ִא ִ ֑תּי ֶז֣ה ָשׁ�֤ שׁ ְפּ ָﬠ ִמ ֙ים ֵה ַ ֣ת ְל ָתּ ִ֔בּי וְ ל‬ ֣ ַ ֹ ‫אמר ֵא ֗ ָליו ֵ ֚אי� תּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣תּ‬ ‫כּ ֲֹח�֥ גָ ֽדוֹל׃‬ 16:15

�‫ֲא ַה ְב ִתּי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 16:15; Jer 31:3

——————————

�‫ ֲא ַה ְב ִתּי‬twice, and their references Judg 16:15 Jer 31:3

‫איך תאמר אהבתיך‬ ‫ואהבת עולם‬

‫אהבתיך ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the fem. sfx., to distinguish them from its occurrence with the masc. sfx. �‫ ֲא ַה ְב ִתּי‬at Isa 43:4.

280 16:15 Five times 1–5

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML �‫וְ ִל ְבּ‬

Mp

‫̇ה‬

Judg 16:15; Jer 22:17; Prov 22:17; 23:33; Qoh 5:1

—————————— �‫ וְ ִל ְבּ‬five times 1–5

‫ולבך ̇ה‬

Judg 16:15 Prov 22:17 Jer 22:17 Qoh 5:1 Prov 23:33

Mm ‫איך תאמר אהבתיך‬ ‫ולבך תשית לדעתי‬ ‫כי אין עיניך ולבך‬ ‫אל תבהל על פיך ולבך‬ ‫עיניך יראו זרות‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (45x) without a cj. 16:15

‫א־הגַּ ְד ָתּ‬ ִ ֹ ‫וְ ל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 31:27; Judg 16:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a cj. at Gen 12:18 and 21:26.

JUDGES 16:16 ‫ל־היָּ ִ ֖מים וַ ְתּ ַ ֽאלֲ ֵצ֑הוּ וַ ִתּ ְק ַ ֥צר נַ ְפ ֖שׁוֹ ָל ֽמוּת׃‬ ַ ‫יה ָכּ‬ ָ ‫י־ה ִ֨צ ָיקה לּ֧ וֹ ִב ְד ָב ֶ ֛ר‬ ֵ ‫ַו֠יְ ִהי ִ ֽכּ‬ 16:16 Unique 16:16

Unique

‫ֵה ִצ ָיקה‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫אַל ֵצהוּ‬ ְַ ‫וַ ְתּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: In ML there is no circellus on this lemma.

JUDGES 16:16

‫וַ ִתּ ְק ַצר‬

‫ וַ ִתּ ְק ַצר‬four times, and their references Num 21:4 Judg 10:16 Judg 16:16 Zech 11:8

‫ותקצר ̇ד וסימנהון‬

281

Mm

[‫ותקצר נפש העם )מאד( ]בדרך‬ ‫נפשו‬ ‫נפשו‬ ‫נפשי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without a ‫)תּ ְק ַצר( ו‬ ִ at Job 21:4.

JUDGES 16:17 ‫�הים ֲא ִנ֖י ִמ ֶבּ ֶ֣טן ִא ִ ֑מּי ִאם־‬ ֛ ִ ‫אשׁי ִ ֽכּי־נְ ִז֧יר ֱא‬ ִ֔ ֹ ‫א־ﬠ ָל֣ה ַﬠל־ר‬ ָ ֹ ‫מוֹר ֙ה ֽל‬ ָ ‫אמר ָל ֙הּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ל־ל ֗בּוֹ וַ ֤יּ‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ד־ל֣הּ ֶא‬ ָ ֶ‫וַ יַּ גּ‬ ‫ל־ה ָא ָ ֽדם׃‬ ָ ‫֖יתי ְכּ ָכ‬ ִ ִ‫יתי וְ ָהי‬ ִ ‫תּי וְ ָ ֣סר ִמ ֶ ֣מּנִּ י כ ִֹ֔חי וְ ָח ִ ֥ל‬ ֙ ִ ‫גֻּ ֨ ַלּ ְח‬ 16:17

‫אשׁי‬ ִ ֹ‫ר‬

Twenty-six times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26

̇‫̇כו‬

Mp

Gen 40:16; 40:17; Judg 16:13; 16:17; 2 Kgs 4:19a 2 Kgs 4:19b; 6:32; Jer 8:23; Ezek 8:3; Ps 3:4 Ps 23:5; 27:6; 38:5; 40:13; 60:9 Ps 69:5; 108:9; 141:5; Job 10:15; 16:4 Job 19:9; 29:3; Cant 8:3; Lam 3:54; Dan 1:10 Ezra 9:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-six occurrences of this lemma with a ḥolem on the ‫ר‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences with a ṣerê under the ‫אשׁי( ר‬ ִ ‫)ר‬. ֵ

16:17

Unique 16:17

Unique

‫גֻּ ַלּ ְח ִתּי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ל־ה ָא ָדם‬ ָ ‫ְכּ ָכ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) without this prep. (‫ָכּל־‬ ‫)ה ָא ָדם‬. ָ

282

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 16:18 ‫ל־לבּוֹ֒ וַ ִתּ ְשׁ ֡ ַלח וַ ִתּ ְק ָר ֩א ְל ַס ְר ֵ֨ני ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֤תּים ֵלאמ ֹ֙ר ֲﬠל֣ וּ ַה ַ֔פּ ַﬠם ִ ֽכּי־‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫י־ה ִגּ֣יד ָל ֮הּ ֶא‬ ִ ‫וַ ֵ ֣תּ ֶרא ְד ִל ֗ ָילה ִ ֽכּ‬ ‫יה ַס ְר ֵנ֣י ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֔תּים וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֥ וּ ַה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ְבּיָ ָ ֽדם׃‬ ָ֙ ‫ל־ל ֑בּוֹ וְ ָﬠל֤ וּ ֵא ֨ ֶל‬ ִ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ִה ִגּ֥יד ִ ֖לה ֶא‬ 16:18

Read ‫ִלי‬

‫ִלה‬ ‫לי ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫לה‬, to her), and the qərê (‫לי‬,ִ to me) represent variant forms where the qərê is preferable to the kəṯîḇ; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 152.

JUDGES 16:19 ‫נּוֹתוֹ וַ ָיּ ַ֥סר כּ ֹ֖חוֹ‬ ֔ ‫אשׁוֹ וַ ָ֨תּ ֶחל֙ ְל ַﬠ‬ ֑ ֹ ‫ת־שׁ ַבע ַמ ְח ְל ֣פוֹת ר‬ ֖ ֶ ‫יה וַ ִתּ ְק ָ ֣רא ָל ִ֔אישׁ וַ ְתּגַ ֕ ַלּח ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־בּ ְר ֶ֔כּ‬ ִ ‫הוּ ַﬠ‬ ֙ ‫וַ ְתּיַ ְשּׁ ֨ ֵנ‬ ‫ֵמ ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ 16:19 Unique 16:19

‫וַ ְתּיַ ְשּׁנֵ הוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ר ֹאשׁוֹ‬

Five times in the Prophets

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–32

‫בנביא‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 5:26; 13:5; 16:19; 16:22; 1 Sam 1:11 1 Sam 4:12; 10:1; 14:45; 17:5; 17:38 1 Sam 17:51; 31:9; 2 Sam 1:2; 1:10; 4:7a 2 Sam 4:7b; 12:30; 14:26a; 14:26b; 15:30 2 Sam 15:32; 16:9; 18:9; 20:21; 1 Kgs 2:32 2 Kgs 9:3; 9:6; Isa 58:5; Jonah 4:6; Zech 2:4 Zech 3:5a; 3:5b

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times in the Prophets is incorrect since there are thirty-two occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets as correctly indicated in the Mp heading at 2 Kgs 9:6. The Masorah notes these thirty-two occurrences, to distinguish them from its thirty-three occurrences in the rest of the Bible.

The Mp heading at 1 Sam 1:11 correctly reads twenty times in the book (of Samuel). Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES

283

JUDGES 16:20 ‫הוּא ֣ל ֹא יָ ַ ֔דע ִ ֥כּי‬ ֙ ְ‫אמ ֙ר ֵא ֵ֞צא ְכּ ַ ֤פ ַﬠם ְבּ ֨ ַפ ַﬠ ֙ם וְ ִאנָּ ֔ ֵﬠר ו‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אמר ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֥תּים ָﬠ ֶל֖י� ִשׁ ְמ ֑שׁוֹן וַ יִּ ַ ֣ קץ ִמ ְשּׁנָ ֗תוֹ וַ ֨יּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֕תּ‬ ‫הו֖ה ָ ֥סר ֵמ ָﬠ ָ ֽליו׃‬ ָ ְ‫י‬ 16:20

‫וְ ִאנָּ ֵﬠר‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

JUDGES 16:21 ‫טוֹחן ְבּ ֵ ֥בית‬ ֖ ֵ ‫וּהוּ ַ ֽבּנְ ֻח ְשׁ ַ֔תּיִ ם וַ יְ ִ ֥הי‬ ֙ ‫אוֹתוֹ ַﬠ ָ֗זּ ָתה וַ יַּ ַא ְס ֨ר‬ ֜ ‫יּוֹרידוּ‬ ֨ ִ ַ‫ת־ﬠ ָינ֑יו ו‬ ֵ ‫אחז֣ וּהוּ ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֔תּים ַוֽ יְ נַ ְקּ ֖רוּ ֶא‬ ֲ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ָה ֲאסיּ ִ ֽרים׃‬ 16:21

‫אחזוּהוּ‬ ֲ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a sfx. ‫הוּ‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫אחזוּ אוֹתוֹ( אוֹתוֹ‬ ֲ ֹ ‫ )וַ יּ‬at Judg 1:6 and 12:6 16:21

‫וַ יְ נַ ְקּרוּ‬

Unique 16:21

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ י ִוֹרידוּ‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Num 1:51 (‫ ;)י ִוֹרידוּ‬Judg 16:21 —————————— ‫יּוֹרידוּ‬ ִ ַ‫ ו‬twice plene Num 1:51 Judg 16:21

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫ויורידו ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ובנסע המשכן יורידו‬ ‫ויורידו )אתו( ]אותו[ עזתה‬

And once doubly defective ‫( י ִֹרדוּ‬1 Kgs 5:23)

‫וחד חסיר דחסיר עבדי ירדו מן הלבנון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in various forms written both plene first ‫ ו‬and second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from forms written defective first ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫וַ יּ ִֹרידוּ‬, Josh 8:29 and 2 Kgs 11:19), or defective second ‫( י‬e.g., ‫יּוֹרדוּ‬ ִ ַ‫ו‬, Gen 44:11 and Deut 1:25).

284

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Mm additionally notes this lemma’s sole occurrence written doubly defective (‫ )י ִֹרדוּ‬at 1 Kgs 5:23.

The Mp heading at Num 1:51 (‫ )י ִוֹרידוּ‬reads unique plene, to distinguish it from the form ‫( י ִֹרדוּ‬1 Kgs 5:23), which is written doubly defective. 16:21

‫ַﬠזָּ ָתה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

16:21

‫אַסרוּהוּ‬ ְ ַ‫וַ יּ‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 16:1.

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 15:13. 16:21

‫טוֹחן‬ ֵ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words occurring only once in which their first and last letters are in reverse alphabetical order (‫;)אתבשׁ‬ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §38, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §39.

The other is in a list of hapax legomena pairings from its same stem, one of which occurs in the Torah, one in the Prophets, and one in the Writings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §56, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §57. 16:21

‫סיּרים‬ ִ ‫ָה ֲא‬

Read ‫סוּרים‬ ִ ‫ָה ֲא‬

‫האסורים ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)האסירים‬, and the qərê (‫סוּרים‬ ִ ‫)ה ֲא‬ ָ represent noun variants of the qātîl/qātûl type; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 118.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice in which a ‫ י‬is written, but which is read as a ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §138, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §122.

JUDGES

285

JUDGES 16:22 ‫אשׁוֹ ְל ַצ ֵ ֖מּ ַ� ַכּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר גֻּ ָ ֽלּח׃ פ‬ ֛ ֹ ‫וַ ָיּ ֶ֧חל ְשׂ ַﬠר־ר‬ 16:22

‫גֻּ ָלּח‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 16:23 ‫ינוּ ְבּיָ ֵ ֔דנוּ ֵ ֖את‬ ֙ ‫�ה‬ ֵ֨ ‫אמ ֔רוּ נָ ַ ֤תן ֱא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וּל ִשׂ ְמ ָ ֑חה וַ ֣יּ‬ ְ ‫יהם‬ ֖ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫פוּ ִלזְ ֧בֹּ ַ� ֶז ַֽבח־גָּ ֛דוֹל ְל ָדג֥ וֹן ֱא‬ ֙ ‫וְ ַס ְר ֵנ֣י ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ֗תּים ֶנ ֱֽא ְס‬ ‫אוֹיְבינוּ׃‬ ֵֽ ‫ִשׁ ְמ ֥שׁוֹן‬ 16:23

‫וּל ִשׂ ְמ ָחה‬ ְ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 16:23; Zech 8:19; Qoh 2:2 —————————— ‫וּל ִשׂ ְמ ָחה‬ ְ three times Judg 16:23 Zech 8:19 Qoh 2:2

‫ולשמחה ̇ג‬

Mm

‫לדגון אלהיהם ולשמחה‬ ‫יהיה לבית יהודה לששון‬ ‫ולשמחה מה זה עשה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences without a cj.

JUDGES 16:24 ‫וֹיְבנוּ וְ ֵא ֙ת ַמ ֲח ִ ֣ריב‬ ֵ֔ ‫ת־א‬ ֣ ‫�הינוּ ְביָ ֵ ֨ד ֙נוּ ֶא‬ ֤ ֵ ‫יהם ִ ֣כּי ָא ְמ ֗רוּ נָ ַ֨תן ֱא‬ ֑ ֶ ‫�ה‬ ֵ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫ֹתוֹ ָה ֔ ָﬠם ַוֽ יְ ַה ְלל֖ וּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֤אוּ א‬ ‫ת־ח ָל ֵ ֽלינוּ׃‬ ֲ ‫ַא ְר ֵ֔צנוּ וַ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ִה ְר ָ ֖בּה ֶא‬ 16:24

‫אֹתוֹ‬

Twice defective in the book Judg 16:24; 16:31

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the book written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (17x) in the book written plene ‫)אוֹתוֹ( ו‬.

286 16:24

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וַ יְ ַה ְללוּ‬

‫ וַ יְ ַה ְללוּ‬four times, and their references Gen 12:15 Judg 16:24 2 Chr 29:30 Neh 5:13

‫ויהללו ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫אל פרעה‬ ‫אלהיהם‬ ‫עד לשמחה‬ ‫גם חצני‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without a ‫)יְ ַה ְללוּ( ו‬. 16:24

‫אוֹיְבנוּ‬ ֵ

Twice defective ‫י‬

Judg 16:23*; 16:24

Mp1

̇‫חס י‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

To the Easterners (it is) plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫למד‬

Mp2

Com.: There are two Mp notes here. In the first, the Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written defective second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences of this lemma written plene second ‫)אוֹיְבינוּ( י‬. ֵ

ֵ only has one occurrence of this lemma since it * However, ML, contrary to M (‫)אוֹיְבנוּ‬, see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 64. writes the form at Judg 16:23 plene second ‫;)אוֹיְבינוּ( י‬ ֵ In the second Mp note, the Masorah records the Eastern tradition that the form here is plene, and ML may have once had the Eastern writing because it is clear from the ms. that the second ‫ י‬was originally written and then was erased, but the ‫ י‬is still very visible.

JUDGES 16:25 ‫ק־ל֑נוּ וַ יִּ ְק ְר ֨אוּ ְל ִשׁ ְמ ֜שׁוֹן ִמ ֵבּ֣ית ָה ֲאסיּ ִ ֗רים וַ יְ ַצ ֵח ֙ק‬ ָ ‫ישׂ ֶח‬ ֽ ַ ִ‫אמ ֔רוּ ִק ְר ֥אוּ ְל ִשׁ ְמ ֖שׁוֹן ו‬ ְ ֹ ‫הי ְכּי ֣טוֹב ִל ָ֔בּם וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ ‫מּוּדים׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫אוֹתוֹ ֵ ֥בּין ָה ַﬠ‬ ֖ ‫יהם וַ יַּ ֲﬠ ִ ֥מידוּ‬ ֶ֔ ֵ‫ִל ְפנ‬ 16:25

‫ְכּי טוֹב‬

Read ‫ְכּטוֹב‬

‫כטוב ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)כי טוב‬, and the qərê (‫)כּטוֹב‬ ְ represent variants of equal value; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 151.

JUDGES

287

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words written as two words, but which should be read as one word; see the Mm at Gen 30:11 sub ‫בגד‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §100, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §83. It is also featured in a list of four occurrences of ‫ ְ;כּטוֹב‬see the Mm at 2 Sam 13:28. In ML there is no circellus on this lemma. 16:25

‫ישׂ ֶחק‬ ַ ִ‫ו‬

Unique 16:25

Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫סיּרים‬ ִ ‫ָה ֲא‬

Read ‫סוּרים‬ ִ ‫ָה ֲא‬

Mp

‫האסורים קרי‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)האסירים‬, and the qərê (‫סוּרים‬ ִ ‫)ה ֲא‬ ָ represent noun variants of the qātîl/qātûl type; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 118.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur twice in which a ‫ י‬is written, but is read as a ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §138, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §122. In ML there is no circellus on this lemma.

JUDGES 16:26 ‫ת־ה ַﬠ ֻמּ ִ ֔דים ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ַה ַ ֖בּיִת נָ ֣כוֹן‬ ֽ ָ ‫ימ ֵ֙שׁנִ י֨ ֶא‬ ִ ‫אוֹתי֒ וַ ֲה‬ ִ ‫֣יחה‬ ָ ‫דוֹ ַה ִנּ‬ ֮ ָ‫ל־ה ַ֨נּ ַﬠר ַה ַמּ ֲח ִז֣יק ְבּי‬ ַ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֜שׁוֹן ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫יהם וְ ֶא ָשּׁ ֵ ֖ﬠן ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֑ ֶ ‫ֲﬠ ֵל‬ 16:26

‫יחה‬ ָ ִ‫ַהנּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 32:10; Judg 16:26

Com.: The Mp heading at Exod 32:10 adds the catchwords ‫אמר( ויאמר שמשון‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫)שׁ ְמשׁוֹן‬ ִ to refer the reader to this verse. 16:26

‫ימ ֵשׁנִ י‬ ִ ‫וַ ֲה‬

Read ‫וַ ֲה ִמ ֵשׁנִ י‬

‫והמשני ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)והימשני‬, and the qərê (‫ )וַ ֲה ִמ ֵשׁנִ י‬represents examples where consonants have been transposed; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 116.

288

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

This form is featured in a Masoretic list of words in which two letters are written one way but are read transposed (presumably ‫ ;)והמישׁני‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §91, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §73. 16:26

‫ָה ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬

Eleven times defective 1–5 6–10 11

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇א‬

Mp

Exod 27:10; 27:11; 38:12; 38:17 (‫;)ל ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬ ָ Judg 16:26 1 Kgs 7:6b (‫ ;)וְ ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬7:21; 7:41 (‫;)ﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬ ַ Jer 27:19; Ezek 40:49 (‫)וְ ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬ 2 Chr 3:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) in various forms written plene ‫מּוּדים( ו‬ ִ ‫)ﬠ‬. ַ

ִ ‫)ה ַﬠ‬, ָ has two more occurrences of this lemma since it writes ML, contrary to M (‫מּוּדים‬ ָ see Breuer, The Biblical the forms at Exod 38:10 and 1 Kgs 7:41a defective ‫;)ה ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים( ו‬ Text, 17 and 108. However, neither of these two forms are listed in the Mm of ML at Exod 27:10 and 1 Kgs 7:21, and all the Mp headings, apart from one, highlighted above read eleven times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M. The one Mp heading that reads other than eleven times defective is Exod 38:17, which alone has the form ‫ל ַﬠ ֻמּ ִדים‬,ָ and reads twice, once defective and once plene. The plene occurrence of this form (‫מוּדים‬ ִ ‫)ל ַﬠ‬ ָ is at Exod 38:28.

JUDGES 16:27 ‫ל־ה ֗ ָגּג ִכּ ְשׁ�֤ ֶשׁת ֲא ָל ִפ ֙ים ִ ֣אישׁ וְ ִא ָ֔שּׁה‬ ַ ‫וְ ַה ַ֗בּיִ ת ָמ ֵל֤א ָ ֽה ֲאנָ ִשׁ ֙ים וְ ַהנָּ ִ֔שׁים וְ ָ֕שׁ ָמּה ֖כֹּל ַס ְר ֵנ֣י ְפ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֑תּים וְ ַﬠ‬ ‫ָהר ִ ֹ֖אים ִבּ ְשׂ ֥חוֹק ִשׁ ְמ ֽשׁוֹן׃‬ 16:27

‫ִבּ ְשׂחוֹק‬

Twice plene in the Prophets

Judg 16:27; Jer 20:7 (‫)ל ְשׂחוֹק‬ ִ

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the Prophets written defective ‫)ל ְשׂחֹק( ו‬ ִ at Jer 48:26 and Jer 48:39.

JUDGES

289

JUDGES 16:28 ‫�הים‬ ִ֔ ‫אמר ֲאד ָֹנ֣י יֱ הוִֹ ֡ה זָ ְכ ֵ ֣רנִ י נָ ֩א וְ ַחזְּ ֵ ֨קנִ י ָ֜נא ַ ֣א� ַה ַ ֤פּ ַﬠם ַהזֶּ ֙ה ָה ֱא‬ ֑ ַ ֹ ‫הו֖ה וַ יּ‬ ָ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְק ָ ֥רא ִשׁ ְמ ֛שׁוֹן ֶאל־י‬ ‫ם־א ַ ֛חת ִמ ְשּׁ ֵ ֥תי ֵﬠ ַינ֖י ִמ ְפּ ִל ְשׁ ִ ֽתּים׃‬ ַ ‫וְ ִאנָּ ְק ָ ֧מה נְ ַק‬ 16:28

‫וְ ִאנָּ ְק ָמה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

16:28

‫נְ ַקם‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 16:28; Isa 1:24 Mp

Lev 26:25; Judg 16:28

Com.: The Mp heading at Lev 26:25 adds the catchword ‫ )וְ ִאנָּ ְק ָמה( ואנקמה‬to refer the reader to this verse. This form is featured in a Masoretic list of words of two syllables that only occur twice; see Frendsdorff, Ochlah, §41, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §42.

JUDGES 16:29 ‫ימינ֖ וֹ וְ ֶא ָ ֥חד‬ ִ ‫יהם ֶא ָ ֥חד ִבּ‬ ֑ ֶ ‫יהם וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵ ֖מ� ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֶ֔ ‫מּוּדי ַה ָ֗תּוֶ � ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ַה ַ֨בּ ֙יִת נָ ֣כוֹן ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ת־שׁ ֵנ֣י ׀ ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְל ֨ ֹפּת ִשׁ ְמ ֜שׁוֹן ֶא‬ ‫אלוֹ׃‬ ֽ ֹ ‫ִבּ ְשׂמ‬ 16:29

‫וַ יִּ ְלפֹּת‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

16:29

� ֶ‫ַה ָתּו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp Mp

Judg 16:29; Jer 39:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with the def. prep. ‫ַבּ‬ (� ֶ‫)בּ ָתּו‬. ַ

290 16:29

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML �‫וַ יִּ ָסּ ֵמ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its two occurrences without this ‫ )יִ ָסּ ֵמ�( ו‬at 2 Kgs 18:21 and Isa 36:6; see the Mm at Isa 36:6 sub �‫יִ ָסּ ֵמ‬.

JUDGES 16:30 ‫ל־ה ָ ֖ﬠם ֲא ֶשׁר־‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫ל־ה ְסּ ָר ֔ ִנים וְ ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ם וַ ֵיּ ֣ט ְבּ ֔כֹ ַ� וַ יִּ ֹ֤פּל ַה ַ֨בּ ֙יִת ַﬠ‬ ֒ ‫ם־פּ ִל ְשׁ ִתּי‬ ְ ‫אמר ִשׁ ְמ ֗שׁוֹן ָתּ ֣מוֹת נַ ְפ ִשׁ֮י ִﬠ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫מוֹתוֹ ַר ִ֕בּים ֵמ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֵה ִ ֖מית ְבּ ַח ָיּֽיו׃‬ ֔ ‫שׁר ֵה ִ ֣מית ְבּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫֑בּוֹ וַ יִּ ְהי֤ וּ ַה ֵמּ ִת ֙ים ֲא‬ 16:30

‫ָתּמוֹת‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Num 23:10 (‫;)תּמֹת‬ ָ Judg 16:30; Job 36:14 (‫)תּמֹת‬ ָ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, written plene and defective ‫ו‬, with a ḥolem, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (33x) with a šûreq (‫)תּמוּת‬. ָ

This word is featured in a Masoretic list of groups of words that occur four times, three times without a ‫ ו‬cj., and once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Judg 20:5); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §15, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §16. 16:30

�ַֹ ‫וַ יֵּ ט ְבּכ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יֵּ ט‬with �ַֹ ‫בּכ‬,ְ possibly to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (26x) without �ַֹ ‫בּכ‬.ְ 16:30

‫ל־ה ָﬠם‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 16:30; Jer 44:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫ל־ה ָﬠם( ִמן‬ ָ ‫ל־כּ‬ ָ ‫)מ ַﬠ‬ ֵ at Neh 8:5.

JUDGES

291

JUDGES 16:31 ‫אל ְבּ ֶ ֖ ק ֶבר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫אוֹתוֹ ֵבּ֤ין ָצ ְר ָﬠ ֙ה ֵוּב֣ין ֶא ְשׁ ָתּ‬ ֗ ‫יהוּ וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֣אוּ אֹתוֹ֒ ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ׀ וַ יִּ ְק ְבּ ֣רוּ‬ ֮ ‫ל־בּ֣ית ָא ִב‬ ֵ ‫וַ יֵּ ְר ֨דוּ ֶא ָ֜חיו וְ ָכ‬ ‫ָמנ֣ ַוֹ� ָא ִ ֑ביו וְ ֛הוּא ָשׁ ַ ֥פט ֶאת־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֥רים ָשׁ ָנֽה׃ פ‬ 16:31

‫ל־בּית‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

Mp

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Gen 50:8; Judg 9:6; 16:31; 1 Sam 22:1; 22:16 2 Sam 6:5; 6:15; 1 Kgs 4:12; Jer 9:25; Ezek 11:15 Ezek 12:10; 37:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (34x) without a cj.

All the highlighted Mp headings read twelve times apart from 2 Sam 6:5, which mistakenly writes two (‫)ב‬ ̇ instead of twelve (‫)י̇ ̇ב‬. 16:31

‫ָא ִביהוּ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 14:10. 16:31

‫אֹתוֹ‬

Twice defective in the book Com.: See Judg 16:24. 16:31

Three times

‫ֶא ְשׁ ָתּאֹל‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 13:25.

‫בס‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

292

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 17:1 ‫יכיְ הוּ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫וּשׁ ֥מוֹ ִמ‬ ְ ‫ר־א ְפ ָ ֖ריִ ם‬ ֶ ‫י־אישׁ ֵ ֽמ ַה‬ ֥ ִ ‫ַוֽ יְ ִה‬ 17:1

‫ֶא ְפ ָריִם‬

Four times with qameṣ. And similarly every ʾaṯnaḥ and sôṕ pasûq

‫דכות‬ ̇ ‫וסופ‬ ̇ ̇‫קמצ וכל אתנ‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Num 13:8; Judg 17:1; Hos 4:17; 13:12 ——————————

‫ ֶא ְפ ָריִם‬four times with qameṣ, and their references Num 13:8 Judg 17:1 Hos 13:12 Hos 4:17

( = ‫) ְל ַמ ֵטּה‬ ( = ‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫)מ‬ ִ ( = ‫)צרוּר‬ ָ ( = ‫)חבוּר‬ ֲ

And similarly every ʾaṯnaḥ and sôṕ pasûq

‫קמצ וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫אפרים ̇ד‬

Mm

‫חוטרה‬ ‫דמיכיהו‬ ‫צרור‬ ‫ומתקן‬ ‫וכל אתנחה וסופ פסוק דכותהון‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ר‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (100+) with a paṯaḥ (‫)א ְפ ַריִם‬. ֶ

The Masorah also notes that this lemma is written with a qameṣ with the accents ʾaṯnaḥ and sôṕ pasûq.

The catchwords are given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic “The rod of Micah is tied up and established”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 66–67.

17:1

Four times

‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 17:1; 17:4; Jer 36:11 (‫;)מ ָכיְ הוּ‬ ִ 36:13 (‫)מ ָכיְ הוּ‬ ִ ——————————

JUDGES ‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫ ִמ‬four times Judg 17:1 Judg 17:4 Jer 36:11 Jer 36:13

‫מיכיהו ̇ד‬

293

Mm

[‫ויהי איש )אחד( ]מהר‬ ‫וישב את הכסף‬ ‫וישמע‬ [‫ויגד להם )מיכיהו( ]מכיהו‬

And all Kings. And from 2 Chr 17:19 to the end of the book, apart from two with ‫יכה‬ ָ ‫ִמ‬ 2 Chr 18:14 2 Chr 34:20

‫וכל מלכים ומן אלה המשרתים את המלך‬ ‫דסיפ ̇ב ̇מ ̇ב מיכה‬ ̇ ‫סופ‬ ̇ ‫עד‬

‫ויבא אל המלך‬ [‫ויצו >המלך< את )חלקיה( ]חלקיהו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the ending ‫יְ הוּ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (31x) with a ‫ ה‬ending (‫יכה‬ ָ ‫)מ‬. ִ The Mm has an additional note that this lemma with the ending ‫ יְ הוּ‬is also the norm (9x) in Kings, and in parts of Chronicles from 2 Chr 17:19 to the end of the book (7x), apart from two cases when it is written ‫יכה‬ ָ ‫ ִמ‬at 18:14 and 34:20.

The Mp heading at Jer 36:13 reads twice defective (‫ )י‬enumerating the two defective forms there, and at Jer 36:11, though the Mp heading at Jer 36:11 enumerates all four forms. ְ which In ML the circellus has mistakenly been placed on the preceding word ‫וּשׁמוֹ‬, occurs many more than four times. Thus it is more likely, as MA reads, that the note should be on ‫יכיְ הוּ‬ ָ ‫ ִמ‬which only occurs four times. MC has no note here.

JUDGES 17:2 ‫ֽה־ה ֶ ֥כּ ֶסף ִא ִ ֖תּי‬ ַ ‫ח־ל� וְ ַ ֤א ְתּי ָא ִל ֙ית וְ גַ ֙ם ָא ַ ֣מ ְר ְתּ ְבּ ָאזְ ַ֔ני ִה ֵנּ‬ ָ ֗ ‫שׁר ֻל ַ ֽֽקּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וּמ ָ֨אה ַה ֶ֜כּ ֶסף ֲא‬ ֵ ‫אמר ְל ִא ֡מּוֹ ֶא ֶל ֩ף‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫יהוֽה׃‬ ָ ‫אמר ִא ֔מּוֹ ָבּ ֥רוּ� ְבּ ִנ֖י ַל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ֲא ִנ֣י ְל ַק ְח ִ ֑תּיו וַ ֣תּ‬ 17:2 Five times 1–5

‫ֻל ַקּח‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 3:23; Judg 17:2; 2 Kgs 2:10 (‫;)ל ָקּח‬ ֻ Isa 52:5; 53:8 (‫)ל ָקּח‬ ֻ

——————————

294

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ֻל ַקּח‬five times 1–5

Mm

‫לקח ̇ה‬

Gen 3:23 Judg 17:2 Isa 52:5 Isa 53:8 2 Kgs 2:10

And once (‫)וְ ֻל ַקּח‬: Jer 29:22

‫וישלחהו‬ [‫)לאמר( ]ויאמר‬ ‫מה לי‬ ‫מעצר‬ ‫הקשית‬ ‫וחד ולקח מהם קללה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the pual, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (55x) in the qal (‫ ָל ָקח‬/‫) ָל ַקח‬.

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ ֻל ַקּח‬at Jer 29:22. All the Mp headings highlighted above read five times, but the Mp at 2 Kgs 2:10 incorrectly reads five times with qames (‫)ה‬. ָ֗ The note should have read like the other Mp headings just five times or, like MC at 2 Kgs 2:10, twice with qameṣ. 17:2

‫אַתּי‬ ְ ְ‫ו‬

Read ‫אַתּ‬ ְ ְ‫ו‬

‫ואת ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫ )ואתי‬represents the older 2nd pers. fem. sg. form of the pron. ‫אַתּי‬, ִ whereas the qərê (‫אַתּ‬ ְ ְ‫ )ו‬represents the regular form; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 102.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that are written at the end with a ‫י‬, but which is not read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §127, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §111. This lemma is one of seven occurrences where ‫אתי‬, with and without ‫ ו‬cj., is written but ‫אַתּ‬ ְ is read; see the Mm to 2 Kgs 8:1.

JUDGES

295

JUDGES 17:3 ‫יהוה ִמיָּ ִ ֜די ִל ְב ִ֗ני‬ ֨ ָ ‫ת־ה ֶכּ ֶס ֩ף ַל‬ ַ ‫אמר ִא ֡מּוֹ ַה ְק ֵ ֣דּשׁ ִה ְק ַ ֣דּ ְשׁ ִתּי ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ף־וּמ ָ ֥אה ַה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ְל ִא ֑מּוֹ וַ ֣תּ‬ ֵ ‫ת־א ֶל‬ ֽ ֶ ‫וַ ָיּ ֶ֛שׁב ֶא‬ ‫יבנּוּ ָ ֽל�׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫וּמ ֵסּ ָ֔כה וְ ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ֲא ִשׁ‬ ַ ‫שׂוֹת ֶפּ ֶ֣סל‬ ֙ ‫ַ ֽל ֲﬠ‬ 17:3

‫וַ יָּ ֶשׁב‬

Twenty-five times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 14:16; 20:14; 40:21; Exod 4:7; 15:19 Exod 19:8; Judg 9:56; 17:3; 17:4; 1 Sam 14:27 1 Sam 25:21; 2 Sam 15:29; 22:25; 1 Kgs 2:30; 2 Kgs 13:25 2 Kgs 17:3; 20:11; 22:9; Ezek 44:1; Ps 18:25 Ps 94:23; Prov 20:26; Job 33:26; 1 Chr 21:27; 2 Chr 34:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-five occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (81x) in the qal (‫)וַ יָּ ָשׁב‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mp headings at Exod 19:8 and Ps 18:25, which read twenty-five times with səḡôl (‫ ) ֶ֗כ ̇ה‬thereby contrasting this form with one not having səḡôl, that is, ‫וַ יָּ ָשׁב‬. 17:3

Six times

1–5 6

‫ִה ְק ַדּ ְשׁ ִתּי‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Num 3:13; 8:17; Judg 17:3; 1 Kgs 9:3; 9:7 2 Chr 7:20

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma without a prefixed ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬consec. (‫ )וְ ִה ְק ַדּ ְשׁ ִתּי‬at 2 Chr 7:16.

JUDGES 17:4 ‫וּמ ֵסּ ָ֔כה וַ יְ ִ ֖הי ְבּ ֵ ֥בית‬ ַ ‫הוּ ֶפּ ֶ֣סל‬ ֙ ‫צּוֹרף ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֵ֨שׂ‬ ֗ ֵ ‫אתיִ ם ֶ֜כּ ֶסף וַ ִתּ ְתּ ֵנ֣הוּ ַל‬ ַ֨ ‫ת־ה ֶכּ ֶ֖סף ְל ִא ֑מּוֹ וַ ִתּ ַ ֣קּח ִאמּוֹ֩ ָמ‬ ַ ‫וַ ָיּ ֶ֥שׁב ֶא‬ ‫יכיְ הוּ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ִמ‬ 17:4

‫צּוֹרף‬ ֵ ‫ַל‬

Twice, once plene and once defective Judg 17:4; Prov 25:4 (‫)לצּ ֵֹרף‬ ַ

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫מל וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

296

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬here) and one written defective ‫( ו‬Prov 25:4).

The Mp heading at Prov 25:4 simply writes twice.

JUDGES 17:5 ‫ת־י֤ד ַא ַח ֙ד ִמ ָבּ ֔ ָניו וַ יְ ִהי־ל֖ וֹ ְלכ ֵ ֹֽהן׃‬ ַ ‫יְמ ֗ ֵלּא ֶא‬ ַ ַ‫וּת ָר ֔ ִפים ו‬ ְ ‫פוֹד‬ ֙ ‫�הים וַ ַיּ ַ֤ﬠשׂ ֵא‬ ֑ ִ ‫יכה ל֖ וֹ ֵבּ֣ית ֱא‬ ָ֔ ‫וְ ָה ִ ֣אישׁ ִמ‬ 17:5

‫וַ יְ ַמ ֵלּא‬

Nine times 1–5 6–9

‫̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 29:28; Exod 35:31; Lev 9:17; Num 14:24; Judg 17:5 Judg 17:12; 2 Kgs 23:14; 24:4; Nah 2:13

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in the piel, to distinguish them from its eight occurrences in the niphal (‫)וַ יִּ ָמּ ֵלא‬.

The Mp heading at Num 14:24 reads unique indicating the lemma’s sole occurrence in that book.

JUDGES 17:7 ‫ר־שׁם׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫הוּדה וְ ֥הוּא ֵלִ ֖וי וְ ֥הוּא ָ ֽג‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫הוּדה ִמ ִמּ ְשׁ ַ ֖פּ ַחת י‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫י־נ ַﬠר ִמ ֵ ֥בּית ֨ ֶל ֶח ֙ם י‬ ַ֗ ‫וַ יְ ִה‬ 17:7

‫וְ הוּא‬

Seven verses that have the sequence ‫וְ הוּא‬...‫וְ הוּא‬ 1–5 6–7

‫ז̇ פסוק והוא והוא‬

Judg 17:7; 1 Kgs 2:8; 19:19; Isa 8:13; Hos 7:9 Zech 6:13; 1 Chr 2:21

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven verses that have the sequence ‫וְ הוּא‬...‫ ;וְ הוּא‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §340.

In ML there is no circellus on this lemma.

JUDGES 17:7

‫ר־שׁם‬ ָ ָ‫ג‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

297

Mp

Gen 35:27; Deut 18:6; Judg 17:7; Ezra 1:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in the sg., to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the pl. (‫ )גָּ ִרים ָשׁם‬at Jer 35:7.

JUDGES 17:9 ‫הוּדה וְ ָאנ ִ ֹ֣כי ה ֔ ֵֹל� ָלג֖ וּר ַבּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ֔ ָ ְ‫אמר ֵא ֜ ָליו ֵלִו֣י ָא ֗נ ֹ ִכי ִמ ֵ ֥בּית ֨ ֶל ֶח ֙ם י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יכה ֵמ ַ ֣איִ ן ָתּ ֑בוֹא וַ ֨יּ‬ ֖ ָ ‫אמר־ל֥ וֹ ִמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ֶא ְמ ָ ֽצא׃‬ 17:9

‫ָא ֗נ ֹ ִכי‬

1–5 6–8

Gen 3:10 (‫ ;) ָא ֹ֖נ ִכי‬Exod 4:10; Judg 17:9; 1 Sam 9:21 (‫;)א ֨נ ֹ ִ ֙כי‬ ָ 30:13 2 Sam 3:8 (‫;)א ֘נ ֹ ִ֘כי‬ ָ Amos 7:14c (‫ ;) ָא ֹ֖נ ִכי‬Ruth 3:13 (‫) ָא ֹ֖נ ִכי‬

Eight times accented (milʿêl), and similarly all ‫בטע וכל‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬ zaqeṕ (qaṭan), ʾaṯnaḥ and sôṕ pasûq apart from one ‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇א‬ ̇ ‫וסופ פסוק‬ ̇ ‫ואתנ‬ ̇ ‫זקפ‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma that are accented milʿêl, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) accented milraʿ.

The Masorah also notes that this lemma is accented milʿêl with the accents ʾaṯnaḥ, sôṕ pasûq, and zaqeṕ qaṭan apart from one (‫אנ ִ ֹ֑כי‬,ָ Job 33:9), which is accented milraʿ.

The Mm note at 1 Sam 9:21 expressly mentions that this lemma with a zaqeṕ qaṭan (‫ )זקפתא‬is accented milʿêl because, by contrast, this lemma with a zaqeṕ gaḏôl is accented milraʿ (Gen 26:24; Judg 11:9; 2 Sam 20:19; 1 Kgs 2:18); see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

The Mp heading at 1 Sam 30:13 mistakenly reads twice accented etc. instead of eight times accented etc.

298

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 17:11 ‫ת־ה ִ ֑אישׁ וַ יְ ִ ֤הי ַה ֨ ַנּ ַﬠ ֙ר ֔לוֹ ְכּ ַא ַ ֖חד ִמ ָבּ ָנֽיו׃‬ ָ ‫שׁ ֶבת ֶא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וֹאל ַה ֵלִּ ֖וי ָל‬ ֶ ֥‫וַ יּ‬ 17:11

‫יּוֹאל‬ ֶ ַ‫ו‬

Seven times

Mp

̇‫ז‬

Com.: See Josh 17:12.

JUDGES 18:1 ‫א־נ ְפ ָלה ֜לּוֹ‬ ָ֨ ֹ ‫שׁ ֶבט ַה ָדּ ֞ ִני ְמ ַב ֶקּשׁ־ל֤ וֹ ַנ ֲֽח ָל ֙ה ָל ֶ֔שׁ ֶבת ִכּי֩ ֽל‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וּביָּ ִ ֣מים ָה ֵ֗הם‬ ַ ‫ַבּיָּ ִ ֣מים ָה ֵ֔הם ֵ ֥אין ֶ ֖מ ֶל� ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל‬ ‫תוֹ�־שׁ ְב ֵ ֥טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ְבּנַ ֲח ָ ֽלה׃ ס‬ ִ ‫ד־היּ֥ וֹם ַה ֛הוּא ְבּ‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬ 18:1

‫וּביָּ ִמים ָה ֵהם‬ ַ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. in the same verse. 18:1

‫ד־היּוֹם ַההוּא‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 18:1; Neh 8:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ד־היּוֹם‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬with ‫ההוּא‬,ַ to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (76x) with ‫ד־היּוֹם ַהזֶּ ה( ַהזֶּ ה‬ ַ ‫) ַﬠ‬, one of which occurs in v. 12.

ַ ‫ﬠ‬,ַ but since this phrase occurs In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫ד־היּוֹם‬ many more than two times, the note most likely refers, as both MC and MA read, to the three-fold phrase ‫ד־היּוֹם ַההוּא‬ ַ ‫ ַﬠ‬that occurs only twice.

JUDGES

299

JUDGES 18:2 ‫אל‬ ֹ ֗ ‫וּמ ֶא ְשׁ ָתּ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫י־חיִ ל ִמ ָצּ ְר ָ ֣ﬠה‬ ַ֜ ֵ‫צוֹת ֩ם ֲאנָ ִ֨שׁים ְבּנ‬ ָ ‫שּׁה ֲאנָ ִ ֣שׁים ִמ ְק‬ ֣ ָ ‫י־דן ׀ ִ ֽמ ִמּ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ָ֡תּם ֲח ִמ‬ ֣ ָ ֵ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְל ֣חוּ ְבנ‬ ‫יכה‬ ָ֔ ‫ד־בּ֣ית ִמ‬ ֵ ‫ר־א ְפ ַ ֨ריִ ֙ם ַﬠ‬ ֶ ‫ת־ה ָ ֑א ֶרץ וַ יָּ ֤בֹאוּ ַה‬ ָ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ְל ֖כוּ ִח ְק ֣רוּ ֶא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וּל ָח ְק ָ ֔רהּ וַ יּ‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ‬ ָ ‫ְל ַר ֵגּ֤ל ֶא‬ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֖לינוּ ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ 18:2

‫ִמ ִמּ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ָתּם‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a ‫ ו‬cj. (Lev 25:45), and once without (here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §1, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §1.

At 1 Chr 4:27 this lemma occurs without the inseparable prep. ‫)מ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ָתּם( מ‬ ִ and the Mp heading there reads unique and once ‫מ ִמּ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ָתּם‬. ִ 18:2

‫וּל ָח ְק ָרהּ‬ ְ

Unique 18:2

‫̇ל‬ ‫ְלכוּ ִח ְקרוּ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of seven times is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. Both MC and MA correctly read here unique.

JUDGES 18:3 ‫יא�֣ ֲה ֔�ם‬ ֲ ‫י־ה ִב‬ ֱ ‫אמרוּ ֙לוֹ ִ ֽמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ת־קוֹל ַה ַנּ ַ֖ﬠר ַה ֵלִּו֑י וַ יָּ ֣סוּרוּ ָ֗שׁם וַ ֤יּ‬ ֥ ‫יכה וְ ֵ ֣ה ָמּה ִה ִ֔כּירוּ ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫ם־בּ֣ית ִמ‬ ֵ ‫ֵ ֚ה ָמּה ִﬠ‬ ‫ה־לּ�֥ ֽ ֹפה׃‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ‫ה־א ָ ֥תּה ע ֶ ֹ֛שׂה ָבּ ֶז֖ה‬ ַ ‫וּמ‬ ָֽ 18:3

‫ֵה ָמּה‬

Nineteen times at the beginning of a verse 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–19

‫י̇ ̇ט ראש פסוק‬

Gen 7:14; Num 20:13; Judg 18:3; 18:22; 19:22 1 Sam 9:5; 9:11; 9:27; Isa 24:14; Ezek 23:10 Ezek 27:24; 44:16; Job 24:13; Ps 20:9; 48:6 Ps 59:16; 102:27; 107:24; 1 Chr 4:23

——————————

Mp

300

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ֵה ָמּה‬nineteen times at the beginning of a verse 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–19

Gen 7:14 Num 20:13 Judg 18:3 Judg 18:22 1 Sam 9:11 1 Sam 9:27 1 Sam 9:5 Ezek 23:10 Isa 24:14 Job 24:13 {1 Sam 9:11} 1 Chr 4:23 Ezek 44:16 Judg 19:22 Ezek 27:24 Ps 59:16 Ps 107:24 Ps 102:27 Ps 20:9

‫המה י̇ ̇ט ראש פסוק‬

Mm

‫וכל החיה למינה‬ ‫מי מריבה‬ ‫בית מיכה‬ ‫המה הרחיקו‬ ‫עלים‬ ‫יורדים‬ ‫בארץ צוף‬ ‫ערותה‬ ‫)נתצו( ]ישאו[ קולם‬ ‫במרדי אור‬ {‫}במעלה‬ ‫היוצרים‬ [‫המה )יבואו( ]יבאו‬ ‫מיטיבים את לבם‬ ‫המה רכליך‬ ‫יניעון לאכל‬ ‫ראו מעשי‬ ‫יאבדו‬ ‫המה כרעו ונפלו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the nineteen occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse, to distinguish them from the ten occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ ;)וְ ֵה ָמּה‬see Josh 2:8. In the Mm list, two sets of catchwords are written for 1 Sam 9:11 (‫ עלים‬and ‫)במעלה‬, whereas the catchword for Ps 48:6 is missing. 18:3

‫וַ יָּ סוּרוּ‬

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 18:3; 18:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences written defective ‫)וַ יָּ ֻסרוּ( ו‬. 18:3

Unique

‫ה־אַתּה‬ ָ ‫וּמ‬ ָ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (10x) without a cj.

JUDGES 18:3

�‫ה־לּ‬ ְ ‫וּמ‬ ַ

Unique

‫̇ל‬

301

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj., one of which occurs in v. 23. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a preceding ‫;וּמה‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §256.

JUDGES 18:4 ‫יכה וַ יִּ ְשׂ ְכּ ֵ ֕רנִ י וָ ֱא ִהי־ל֖ וֹ ְלכ ֵ ֹֽהן׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ָכּ ֹ֣זה וְ ָכ ֶ֔זה ָ ֥ﬠ ָשׂה ִ ֖לי ִמ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 18:4

‫ָכּזֹה וְ ָכזֶ ה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 18:4; 2 Sam 11:25; 1 Kgs 14:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its three occurrences of the parallel phrase ‫ ; ָכּזֹאת וְ ָכזֹאת‬see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ז‬, §42. 18:4

‫וַ יִּ ְשׂ ְכּ ֵרנִ י‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 18:5 ‫יה׃‬ ָ ‫א�הים וְ ֵ ֣נ ְ ד ֔ ָﬠה ֲה ַת ְצ ִ ֣ל ַי� ַדּ ְר ֵ֔כּנוּ ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ֲא ַנ ְ֖חנוּ ה ְֹל ִ ֥כים ָﬠ ֶ ֽל‬ ֑ ִ ‫ל־נ֣א ֵב‬ ָ ‫אמרוּ ל֖ וֹ ְשׁ ַא‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֥יּ‬ 18:5

‫ְשׁאַל־נָ א‬

Three times 1–5

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 4:32; Judg 18:5; Hag 2:11; Job 8:8; 12:7

The Mp heading here of three times is inexact since there are five occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read three times in the Torah and Prophets.

The Masorah notes the occurrences of ‫ ְשׁאַל‬with ‫נָ א‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without ‫נָ א‬.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

302

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 18:7 ‫יוֹשׁ ֶבת־ ֠ ָל ֶב ַטח ְכּ ִמ ְשׁ ַ֨פּט ִצד ִֹ֜נים‬ ֽ ֶ ‫ר־בּ ִק ְר ָבּ֣הּ‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ָﬠ֣ם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫כוּ ֲח ֵ ֣מ ֶשׁת ָה ֲאנָ ִ֔שׁים וַ יָּ ֖בֹאוּ ָל֑יְ ָשׁה וַ יִּ ְר ֣אוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ יֵּ ְל‬ ‫ין־ל ֶ ֖הם ִﬠם־‬ ָ ‫יוֹרשׁ ֔ ֶﬠ ֶצר ְוּרח ִ ֹ֥קים ֵ֨ה ָמּ ֙ה ִמ ִ ֣צּד ִֹ֔נים וְ ָד ָ ֥בר ֵא‬ ֣ ֵ ‫ין־מ ְכ ֨ ִלים ָדּ ָ ֤בר ָבּ ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ‬ ַ ‫שׁ ֵ ֹ֣קט ׀ וּב ֵֹ֗ט ַ� וְ ֵא‬ ‫ָא ָ ֽדם׃‬ 18:7

‫ָליְ ָשׁה‬

Twice, once with qameṣ and once with paṯaḥ Judg 18:7; Isa 10:30 (‫)ליְ ָשׁה‬ ַ

‫פת‬ ̇ ‫קמ וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in various forms with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) without this adverbial ending (‫)ליִ שׁ‬. ַ This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a qameṣ (here), and once with a paṯaḥ (Isa 10:30); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §23, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §24. 18:7

Five times 1–5

‫ְכּ ִמ ְשׁ ַפּט‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Exod 21:9; Judg 18:7; 2 Kgs 17:33; Ezra 3:4; 2 Chr 8:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in the cstr., to distinguish them from its two occurrences in the absol. (‫)כּ ִמ ְשׁ ָפּט‬ ְ at Ps 119:132 and 1 Chr 23:31.

The Mp headings at Exod 21:9 and Ezra 3:4 read five times with paṯaḥ (‫)ה‬ ַ֗ as do the Mm headings at Exod 21:9, Ezra 3:4 and 2 Chr 8:14. 18:7

‫ִצד ֹנִ ים‬

Five times defective 1–5

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 18:7; 1 Kgs 5:20 (‫;)כּ ִצּד ֹנִ ים‬ ַ 11:5; 11:33 (‫;)צד ֹנִ ין‬ ִ Ezra 3:7 (‫)ל ִצּד ֹנִ ים‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences in various forms written plene ‫)ציד ֹנִ ים( י‬. ִ The Mp heading at 1 Kgs 11:33 reads unique and defective pointing to the special form of ‫ ִצד ֹנִ ין‬, and also noting that this form does not occur elsewhere written plene first ‫י‬.

JUDGES 18:7

‫וְ ֵאין‬

Six verses in which there is the sequence ‫ ֵאין‬...‫וְ ֵאין‬ 1–5 6

303

Judg 18:7; 18:28; Isa 45:5; Ps 142:5; Job 5:9 Neh 4:17

‫ו̇ פסוק אית בהון ואין אין‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six verses in which there is the sequence ‫ ֵאין‬...‫ ;וְ ֵאין‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §333, and Jobin, Concordance, 1–2. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 18:9 ‫ל־תּ ָﬠ ְ֣צ ֔לוּ‬ ֵ ‫אד וְ ַא ֶ ֣תּם ַמ ְח ִ֔שׁים ַא‬ ֹ ֑ ‫טוֹבה ְמ‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־ה ָ֔א ֶרץ וְ ִה ֵנּ֥ה‬ ָ ‫ינוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יהם ִ ֤כּי ָר ִ֨א‬ ֶ֔ ‫וּמה וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶל֣ה ֲﬠ ֵל‬ ָ ֚‫אמ ֗רוּ ק‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ת־ה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ָ ‫ָל ֶל ֶ֥כת ָל ֖ב ֹא ָל ֶ ֥ר ֶשׁת ֶא‬ 18:9 Unique

‫קוּמה וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶלה‬ ָ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶלה‬with ‫קוּמה‬, ָ to distinguish it from its three occurrences with ‫)קוּמוּ וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֶלה( קוּמוּ‬. 18:9

‫ַמ ְח ִשׁים‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 18:9; 1 Kgs 22:3; 2 Kgs 7:9; Neh 8:11 —————————— ‫ ַמ ְח ִשׁים‬four times

‫מחשים ̇ד‬

Judg 18:9 1 Kgs 22:3 And its companion (2 Kgs 7:9) Neh 8:11 18:9

Unique

‫ֵתּ ָﬠ ְצלוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mm ‫)ואת( ]ואתם[ מחשים‬ ‫ואנחנו מחשים‬ [‫וחב( ]וחבירו‬ ̇ ) ‫והלוים מחשים‬

304 18:9

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ָלבֹא‬

Nine times defective 1–5 6–9

Mp

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Gen 48:7; Exod 12:23; Num 13:21 (‫;)לבֹא‬ ְ 34:8 (‫;)לבֹא‬ ְ Deut 9:1 Deut 11:31; 20:19; Judg 18:9; Jer 42:15

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (82x) in various forms written plene ‫ ְלבוֹא( ו‬/‫) ָלבוֹא‬.

ָ has a tenth occurrence of this lemma since it writes Deut ML, contrary to M (‫)לבוֹא‬, 30:18 defective ‫ ;ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 41. Nevertheless all the headings above support the enumeration of M reading nine times defective (‫)ו‬.

JUDGES 18:10 ‫ין־שׁם‬ ֣ ָ ‫שׁר ֵ ֽא‬ ֣ ֶ ‫קוֹם ֲא‬ ֙ ‫�הים ְבּיֶ ְד ֶכ֑ם ָמ‬ ֖ ִ ‫ל־ﬠ֣ם בּ ֵֹ֗ט ַ� וְ ָה ָ֨א ֶר ֙ץ ַר ֲח ַ ֣בת יָ ַ ֔דיִ ם ִ ֽכּי־נְ ָת ָנ֥הּ ֱא‬ ַ ‫ְכּב ֲֹא ֶ֞כם ָתּ ֣בֹאוּ ׀ ֶא‬ ‫ל־דּ ָ ֖בר ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָבּ ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ ָ ‫ַמ ְח ֔סוֹר ָכּ‬ 18:10

‫ְכּב ֲֹא ֶכם‬

‫ ְכּב ֲֹא ֶכם‬three times Josh 3:8 Judg 18:10 1 Sam 9:13

‫כבאכם ̇ג‬

Mm

‫עד קצה מי הירדן‬ ‫תבאו אל עם בטח‬ ‫כבאכם העיר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with the prep. ‫)בּב ֲֹא ֶכם( ב‬. ְ 18:10

Unique

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫נְ ָתנָ הּ ֱא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ֱא‬with ‫נְ ָתנָ הּ‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫�הים( נְ ָתנוֹ‬ ִ ‫ )נְ ָתנוֹ ֱא‬at Gen 31:7 and 1 Sam 23:14.

JUDGES

305

JUDGES 18:12 ‫ה־דן ַ ֚ﬠד ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶ֔זּה ִה ֵ֕נּה‬ ֗ ָ ֵ‫ל־כּן ָק ְראוּ֩ ַל ָמּ ֨קוֹם ַה ֜הוּא ַמ ֲחנ‬ ֵ֡ ‫יהוּדה ַﬠ‬ ֑ ָ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֗לוּ ַוֽ יַּ ֲחנ֛ וּ ְבּ ִק ְריַ ֥ת יְ ָﬠ ִ ֖רים ִ ֽבּ‬ ‫ַא ֲח ֵ ֖רי ִק ְר ַי֥ת יְ ָﬠ ִ ֽרים׃‬ 18:12 Unique 1–2

‫ְבּ ִק ְריַת יְ ָﬠ ִרים‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬

Judg 18:12; 1 Sam 7:2

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. The Masorah notes the occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) without this prep., one of which occurs in the same verse.

Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 18:14 ‫יהם ַהיְ ַד ְﬠ ֶ֗תּם ֠ ִכּי יֵ ֣שׁ‬ ֶ֔ ‫ל־א ֵח‬ ֲ ‫רוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫שׁ וַ ֽיּ‬ ֒ ִ‫ת־ה ָ ֣א ֶרץ ַלי‬ ָ ‫ים ְל ַרגֵּ ֮ל ֶא‬ ֮ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠנ֞ וּ ֲח ֵ ֣מ ֶשׁת ָה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים ַהה ְֹל ִכ‬ ‫ה־תּ ֲﬠ ֽשׂוּ׃‬ ַ ‫וּמ ֵסּ ָ ֑כה וְ ַﬠ ָ ֖תּה ְדּ ֥ﬠוּ ַ ֽמ‬ ַ ‫וּפ ֶסל‬ ֖ ֶ ‫וּת ָר ִ֔פים‬ ְ ‫ַבּ ָבּ ִ ֤תּים ָה ֵ֨א ֶלּ ֙ה ֵא ֣פוֹד‬ 18:14

‫ַהיְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 29:5; Judg 18:14; 1 Kgs 22:3 —————————— ‫ ַהיְ ַד ְﬠ ֶתּם‬three times Gen 29:5 Judg 18:14 1 Kgs 22:3

‫הידעתם ̇ג‬ ‫את לבן‬ ‫יש בבתים‬ ‫רמת גלעד‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) without this interrogative.

306

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 18:15 ‫יכה וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאלוּ־ל֖ וֹ ְל ָשׁ ֽלוֹם׃‬ ֑ ָ ‫ית־ה ַנּ ַ֥ﬠר ַה ֵלִּ ֖וי ֵבּ֣ית ִמ‬ ַ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֽ ֵ ‫וַ יָּ ֣סוּרוּ ָ֔שׁ ָמּה וַ יָּ ֛בֹאוּ ֶא‬ 18:15

‫וַ יָּ סוּרוּ‬

Twice plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Com.: See Judg 18:3.

JUDGES 18:16 ‫י־דן׃‬ ֽ ָ ֵ‫גוּר ֙ים ְכּ ֵל֣י ִמ ְל ַח ְמ ָ֔תּם נִ ָצּ ִ ֖בים ֶפּ ַ֣תח ַה ָ ֑שּׁ ַﬠר ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ִמ ְבּנ‬ ִ ‫שׁ־מ ֣אוֹת ִ֗אישׁ ֲח‬ ֵ ‫וְ ֵשׁ‬ 18:16

‫וְ ֵשׁשׁ‬

Three times at the beginning of a verse

̇‫̇ג ראש פסו‬

Mp

Exod 23:10; Judg 18:16; 2 Chr 9:18

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its three occurrences at the beginning of a verse without a cj.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur three times at the beginning of a verse with a preceding ‫ו‬, but which otherwise in the Bible occurs at the beginning of a verse without this ‫ ;ו‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §173, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §97. 18:16

Three times

‫גוּרים‬ ִ ‫ֲח‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 12:11 (‫;)חגֻ ִרים‬ ֲ Judg 18:16; Dan 10:5 (‫)חגֻ ִרים‬ ֲ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms in the pl., to distinguish them from its six occurrences in various forms in the sg., one of which occurs in v. 11 (‫)חגוּר‬, ָ and another in v. 17 (‫) ֶה ָחגוּר‬.

JUDGES 18:16

307

‫ְכּ ֵלי ִמ ְל ַח ְמ ָתּם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a sfx., to distinguish it from its six occurrences without a sfx. (‫ ְכּ ֵלי ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬/‫) ְכּ ֵלי ִמ ְל ָח ָמה‬, two of which occur in vv. 11 and 17. 18:16

‫ֲא ֶשׁר ִמ ְבּנֵ י‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 18:17 ‫ת־ה ֵא ֔פוֹד וְ ֶאת־‬ ֣ ָ ‫ת־ה ֨ ֶפּ ֶסל֙ וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ָא ֶרץ֒ ָבּ֣אוּ ָ֔שׁ ָמּה ָל ְק ֗חוּ ֶא‬ ָ ‫ים ְל ַר ֵגּ֣ל ֶא‬ ֮ ‫ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠ ֞לוּ ֲח ֵ ֣מ ֶשׁת ָה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים ַהה ְֹל ִכ‬ ‫שׁ־מ ֣אוֹת ָה ִ֔אישׁ ֶה ָחג֖ וּר ְכּ ֵ ֥לי ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֽמה׃‬ ֵ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֵסּ ָ ֑כה וְ ַהכּ ֵֹ֗הן נִ ָצּ ֙ב ֶפּ ַ֣תח ַה ַ֔שּׁ ַﬠר וְ ֵשׁ‬ ַ ‫ַה ְתּ ָר ִ ֖פים וְ ֶא‬ 18:17

‫ת־ה ֵאפוֹד‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 29:5 (‫ת־ה ֵאפֹד‬ ָ ‫ ;)וְ ֶא‬Judg 18:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in various forms with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its five occurrences in various forms without a cj. 18:17

Unique

‫ָה ִאישׁ ֶה ָחגוּר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma as a def., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence as an indef. (‫ ) ִאישׁ ָחגוּר‬in v. 11.

This phrase is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that only occur once, in which both words of the phrase have the def. article; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §371.

JUDGES 18:18 ‫יה ֙ם ַהכּ ֵֹ֔הן‬ ֶ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֵסּ ָ ֑כה וַ ֤יּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ְתּ ָר ִ ֖פים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־פּ ֶ֣סל ָה ֵא ֔פוֹד וְ ֶא‬ ֶ ‫חוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫יכה וַ יִּ ְק‬ ָ֔ ‫וְ ֵ֗א ֶלּה ָ ֚בּאוּ ֵבּ֣ית ִמ‬ ‫ָ ֥מה ַא ֶ ֖תּם ע ִ ֹֽשׂים׃‬ 18:18 Unique

‫ֶפּ ֶסל ָה ֵאפוֹד‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

308

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 18:19 ‫יוֹת�֣ כ ֵֹ֗הן ְל ֵב ֙ית‬ ְ ‫וּלכ ֵ ֹ֑הן ֲה ֣טוֹב ׀ ֱה‬ ְ ‫ה־ל֖נוּ ְל ָ ֣אב‬ ָ ֵ‫ל־פּ ֙י� וְ ֵל֣� ִﬠ ָ֔מּנוּ ֶו ְֽהי‬ ִ֨ ‫אמרוּ֩ ֨לוֹ ַה ֲח ֵ ֜רשׁ ִ ֽשׂים־יָ ְד�֤ ַﬠ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫וּל ִמ ְשׁ ָפּ ָ ֖חה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ‫יוֹת�֣ כ ֵֹ֔הן ְל ֵ ֥שׁ ֶבט‬ ְ ‫ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא ָ֔חד ֚אוֹ ֱה‬ 18:19

�‫וְ ֵל‬

Eleven times 1–5 6–10 11

Mp

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Gen 22:2 (�‫ ;)וְ ֶל‬27:13; Judg 18:19; 1 Sam 16:1; 29:7 2 Sam 14:21; 2 Kgs 6:3; 8:8; 9:1; Ezek 3:1 Ezek 3:11

—————————— �‫ וְ ֵל‬eleven times

1–5

6–10

11

Mm

‫ולך י̇ ̇א‬

Gen 22:2 Gen 27:13 Judg 18:19 1 Sam 16:1 1 Sam 29:7 2 Sam 14:21 2 Kgs 9:1 2 Kgs 6:3 2 Kgs 8:8 Ezek 3:11 Ezek 3:1

‫המריה והעלהו‬ [‫)שוב( ]שמע‬ ‫החרש‬ ‫מתאבל‬ ‫שוב‬ ‫השב‬ ‫רמת‬ ‫הואל‬ [‫)חזאל( ]חזהאל‬ ‫בא‬ ‫דבר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eleven occurrences of this lemma with the ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a šəwâ, to distinguish them from its five occurrences with the ‫ ו‬cj. pointed with a qameṣ (�‫)וָ ֵל‬. 18:19

Three times

‫וּלכ ֵֹהן‬ ְ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 2:16; Judg 17:10; 18:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its six occurrences without a cj.

JUDGES 18:19

‫ֲהטוֹב‬

Four times

309

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Judg 11:25; 18:19; Job 10:3; 13:9 —————————— ‫ ֲהטוֹב‬four times Judg 11:25 Judg 18:19 Job 13:9 Job 10:3

‫הטוב ̇ד‬

Mm

‫מבלק‬ ‫היותך‬ ‫יחקר‬ ‫תעשק‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with an interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (46x) with a def. article (‫;)הטּוֹב‬ ַ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §15E.

JUDGES 18:20 ‫יָּב ֹא ְבּ ֶ ֥ ק ֶרב ָה ָ ֽﬠם׃‬ ֖ ַ‫ת־ה ָ ֑פּ ֶסל ו‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ְתּ ָר ִ ֖פים וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ֵא ֔פוֹד וְ ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ‫יט ֙ב ֵל֣ב ַהכּ ֵֹ֔הן וַ יִּ ַקּ ֙ח ֶא‬ ַ ִ‫וַ יּ‬ 18:20 Unique

‫יטב ֵלב‬ ַ ִ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish it from its occurrence without this ‫יטב ֵלב( ו‬ ַ ִ‫)י‬. 18:20

Unique

‫ת־ה ָפּ ֶסל‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. in v. 30.

310

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 18:21 ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֵ‫בוּדּה ִל ְפנ‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־ה ְכּ‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ִמּ ְק ֶנ֛ה וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫ת־ה ַ ֧טּף וְ ֶא‬ ַ ‫וַ יִּ ְפנ֖ וּ וַ יֵּ ֵל֑כוּ וַ יָּ ִ֨שׂימוּ ֶא‬ 18:21

‫בוּדּה‬ ָ ‫ַה ְכּ‬

Three times and plene

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 18:21; Ezek 23:41 (‫בוּדּה‬ ָ ‫;)כּ‬ ְ Ps 45:14 (‫בוּדּה‬ ָ ‫)כּ‬ ְ ——————————

‫בוּדּה‬ ָ ‫ ַה ְכּ‬three times and plene Judg 18:21 Ps 45:14 Ezek 23:41

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫הכבודה ̇ג‬

Mm

‫את הטף ואת המקנה‬ ‫כל כבודה בת מלך פנימה‬ ‫וישבת על מטה כבודה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, with and without the def. article, written plene ‫ו‬.

The Mp headings here, and at Ezek 23:41, read three times and plene (‫)ו‬, thus implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬.

The Mp heading at Ps 45:14 mistakenly reads unique plene, but the form is not unique nor does it occur elsewhere in a defective form.

JUDGES 18:22 ‫ת־בּנֵ י־‬ ְ ‫יכה ִ ֽנ זְ ֲﬠ ֔קוּ וַ יַּ ְד ִ ֖בּיקוּ ֶא‬ ָ֔ ‫ם־בּ֣ית ִמ‬ ֵ ‫יכה וְ ָה ֲאנָ ִ֗שׁים ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ַבּ ָבּ ִתּ ֙ים ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ִﬠ‬ ֑ ָ ‫ֵ ֥ה ָמּה ִה ְר ִ ֖חיקוּ ִמ ֵבּ֣ית ִמ‬ ‫ָ ֽדן׃‬ 18:22

‫נִ זְ ֲﬠקוּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

18:22

‫וַ יַּ ְד ִבּיקוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 18:22; 20:45

——————————

JUDGES ‫ וַ יַּ ְד ִבּיקוּ‬twice, and (their) references Judg 20:45 Judg 18:22

̇‫וידביקו ̇ב וסימנ‬

311 Mm

‫וידביקו אחריו‬ ‫נזעקו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from the three occurrences of its alternate form ‫ ;וַ יַּ ְד ְבּקוּ‬see 1 Sam 14:22.

JUDGES 18:23 ‫ה־לּ�֖ ִ ֥כּי נִ זְ ָ ֽﬠ ְק ָתּ׃‬ ְ ‫יכה ַמ‬ ָ֔ ‫אמ ֣רוּ ְל ִמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם וַ יּ‬ ֑ ֶ ֵ‫י־דן וַ יַּ ֵ ֖סּבּוּ ְפּנ‬ ֔ ָ ֵ‫ל־בּנ‬ ְ ‫אוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְק ְר‬ 18:23

‫וַ יַּ ֵסּבּוּ‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Judg 18:23; 1 Sam 5:8; 2 Chr 29:6 ——————————

‫ וַ יַּ ֵסּבּוּ‬three times, and their references 2 Chr 29:6 1 Sam 5:8 Judg 18:23

‫ויסבו ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫פניהם ממשכן יהוה ויתנו‬ [‫את ארון )אלהים( ]אלהי‬ ‫ויאמרו למיכה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the hiphil, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (11x) in the qal (‫)וַ יָּ סֹבּוּ‬.

JUDGES 18:24 ‫אמ ֥רוּ ֵא ַל֖י ַמה־‬ ְ ֹ ‫ה־זּ֛ה תּ‬ ֶ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ‫ה־לּי ֑ﬠוֹד‬ ֣ ִ ‫וּמ‬ ַ ‫ת־הכּ ֵ ֹ֛הן וַ ֵתּ ְל ֖כוּ‬ ַ ‫יתי ְל ַק ְח ֶ ֧תּם ְ ֽו ֶא‬ ִ ‫ר־ﬠ ִ֨שׂ‬ ָ ‫�הי֩ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ַ ‫ת־א‬ ֱ ‫אמר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֡יּ‬ ‫ָ ֽלּ�׃‬ 18:24

‫ת־הכּ ֵֹהן‬ ַ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 18:24; 18:27

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its two occurrence without a cj. at Lev 13:49 and 1 Sam 21:6

312 18:24 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ה־לּי‬ ִ ‫וּמ‬ ַ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) without a cj. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a preceding ‫;וּמה‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §256. 18:24

Unique

‫וּמה־זֶּ ה‬ ַ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (9x) without a cj. This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a preceding ‫;וּמה‬ ַ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §256.

JUDGES 18:25 ֖�‫ן־יִפגְּ ֣ﬠוּ ָב ֶ֗כם ֲאנָ ִשׁ ֙ים ָ ֣מ ֵרי ֔ ֶנ ֶפשׁ וְ ָא ַס ְפ ָ ֥תּה נַ ְפ ְשׁ‬ ְ ‫קוֹל�֖ ִﬠ ָ ֑מּנוּ ֶ ֽפּ‬ ְ ‫ל־תּ ְשׁ ַ ֥מע‬ ַ ‫י־דן ַא‬ ֔ ָ ֵ‫אמ ֤רוּ ֵא ָל ֙יו ְבּנ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫ית�׃‬ ֽ ֶ ‫וְ ֶנ ֶ֥פשׁ ֵבּ‬ 18:25

‫ַתּ ְשׁ ַמע‬

Unique with paṯaḥ

‫֗ ַל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written with a paṯaḥ under the ‫( ת‬hiphil), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (43x) with a ḥîreq (‫תּ ְשׁ ַמע‬,ִ qal).

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena from the root ‫ ; ָשׁ ַמע‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §12G. 18:25

‫וְ ָא ַס ְפ ָתּה‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its five occurrences written defective ‫)וְ ָא ַס ְפ ָתּ( ה‬. This lemma is one of twenty such forms that are written plene ‫ ה‬at the end of their words; see 2 Sam 2:26 sub ‫יָ ַד ְﬠ ָתּה‬.

JUDGES

313

JUDGES 18:26 ‫יתוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫י־חזָ ִ ֥ קים ֵ֨ה ָמּ ֙ה ִמ ֶ֔מּנּוּ וַ יִּ ֶ֖פן וַ ָיּ ָ֥שׁב ֶא‬ ֲ ‫יכה ִכּ‬ ָ֗ ‫י־דן ְל ַד ְר ָכּ֑ם וַ ַיּ֣ ְ רא ִמ‬ ֖ ָ ֵ‫וַ יֵּ ְל ֥כוּ ְבנ‬ 18:26 Unique

‫י־חזָ ִקים‬ ֲ ‫ִכּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

The circellus has been placed only on ‫ ֲחזָ ִקים‬but since this word occurs three times, it is more likely that the note refers to the phrase ‫י־חזָ ִקים‬ ֲ ‫כּ‬,ִ which only occurs this once.

JUDGES 18:27 �ַ ‫ל־ﬠ ֙ם שׁ ֵ ֹ֣קט וּב ֵֹ֔ט‬ ַ ‫ל־ליִ שׁ ַﬠ‬ ַ ֗ ‫שׁר ָהיָ ה־לוֹ֒ וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ ַﬠ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫הן ֲא‬ ֮ ֵ ֹ‫ת־הכּ‬ ַ ‫יכה ְ ֽו ֶא‬ ָ֗ ‫ר־ﬠ ָ ֣שׂה ִמ‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵ֨ה ָמּה ָל ְק ֜חוּ ֵ ֧את ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ָשׂ ְר ֥פוּ ָב ֵ ֽאשׁ׃‬ ָ ‫י־ח ֶרב וְ ֶא‬ ֑ ָ ‫אוֹתם ְל ִפ‬ ֖ ָ ‫וַ יַּ ֥כּוּ‬ 18:27

‫וְ ֵה ָמּה‬

Ten times at the beginning of a verse Com.: See Josh 2:8. 18:27

‫ת־ה ִﬠיר‬ ָ ‫וְ ֶא‬

Eight times

‫̇ח‬

Com.: See Judg 1:8.

‫פסוק‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ̇‫י‬

Mp

Mp

JUDGES 18:28 ‫יִּבנ֥ וּ‬ ְ ַ‫ית־ר ֑חוֹב ו‬ ְ ‫שׁר ְל ֵב‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ם־א ָ ֔דם וְ ִ֕היא ָבּ ֵ ֖ﬠ ֶמק ֲא‬ ָ ‫ין־ל ֶה ֙ם ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫ידוֹן וְ ָד ָ ֤בר ֵא‬ ֗ ‫ה־היא ִמ ִצּ‬ ֣ ִ ‫חוֹק‬ ָ ‫וְ ֵ֨אין ַמ ִ֜צּיל ִ ֧כּי ְ ֽר‬ ‫ת־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר וַ ֵיּ ְ֥שׁבוּ ָ ֽבהּ׃‬ ָ ‫ֶא‬ 18:28

‫וְ ֵאין‬

Six verses in which there is the sequence ‫ ֵאין‬...‫וְ ֵאין‬ Com.: See directly above at Judg 18:7.

‫פסוק אית בהון ואין אין‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

̇ ̇‫ )ו‬was In ML this lemma has no circellus. The first part of this note (‫פסוק אית בהון‬ written by the scribe three lines above the start of this verse. He then repeated the full note adjacent to this verse.

314 18:28

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ְרחוֹב‬

Twice plene as a city

Mp

‫בקר‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 18:28; 2 Sam 10:6

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, indicating the the name of a city, written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences indicating the name of a city, written defective ‫)רחֹב( ו‬. ְ The Mp heading at 2 Sam 10:6 (and MA here) reads three times plene to include the form with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּרחוֹב‬ ְ at 2 Sam 10:8.

JUDGES 18:29 ‫ם־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ָל ִראשׁ ָֹנֽה׃‬ ָ ‫אוּל֛ם ַ ֥ליִ שׁ ֵשׁ‬ ָ ְ‫יוּלּ֖ד ְליִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ו‬ ַ ‫יהם ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר‬ ֶ֔ ‫יר ָ ֔דּן ְבּ ֵשׁ ֙ם ָ ֣דּן ֲא ִב‬ ֙ ‫ם־ה ִﬠ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְק ְר ֤אוּ ֵשׁ‬ 18:29

‫יוּלּד‬ ַ

Twice plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 18:29; Job 5:7 (‫)יוּלּד‬ ָ

Mp

——————————

‫יוּלּד‬ ַ twice plene, and (their) references Judg 18:29 Job 5:7

‫וסימ‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ‫יולד ̇ב‬

Mm

‫לישראל‬ ‫לעמל יולד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (15x) written defective ‫)יֻ ַלּד( ו‬.

The Mp heading at Job 5:7 reads unique with qameṣ (‫)ל‬ ָ ֗ thereby noting that this is the sole occurrence of this form with a qameṣ. 18:29

‫ָל ִראשׁ ֹנָ ה‬

‫ ָל ִראשׁ ֹנָ ה‬twice Gen 28:19 Judg 18:29

‫לראשנה ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ואולם לוז שם העיר‬ ‫ליש שם העיר‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (6x) without this preposition.

JUDGES

315

JUDGES 18:30 ‫שׁ ֶבט ַה ָדּ ֔ ִני‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וּב ֗ ָניו ָהי֤ וּ כ ֲֹהנִ ֙ים ְל‬ ָ ‫ן־מנַ ֶ֜שּׁה ֣הוּא‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ָ ֑פּ ֶסל ִו֠יהוֹנָ ָתן ֶבּן־גֵּ ְר ֨שׁ ֹם ֶבּ‬ ַ ‫י־דן ֶא‬ ֖ ָ ֵ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֧ קימוּ ָל ֶ ֛הם ְבּנ‬ ‫ַﬠד־י֖ וֹם גְּ ל֥ וֹת ָה ָ ֽא ֶרץ׃‬ 18:30

‫ְמנַ ֶשּׁה‬

Four times elevated

‫̇ד תלוים‬

Mp

Judg 18:30; Ps 80:14 (‫ ;) ִמיָּ ַﬠר‬Job 38:13 (‫ ;) ְר ָשׁ ִﬠים‬38:15 (‫) ֵמ ְר ָשׁ ִﬠים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four raised letters that occur in the four words listed above; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §160, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §146.

JUDGES 18:31 ‫�הים ְבּ ִשׁ ֽ�ה׃ פ‬ ֖ ִ ‫ית־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ל־יְמי ֱהי֥ וֹת ֵבּ‬ ֛ ֵ ‫שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֑שׂה ָכּ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יכה ֲא‬ ֖ ָ ‫ת־פּ ֶסל ִמ‬ ֥ ֶ ‫וַ יָּ ִ ֣שׂימוּ ָל ֶ֔הם ֶא‬ 18:31

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ית־ה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ֵבּ‬

Forty-eight times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–48

‫̇מ ̇ח‬

Mp

Judg 18:31; Qoh 4:17; Dan 1:2; Ezra 1:4 (‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ;) ְל ֵבית ָה ֱא‬2:68 (‫�הים‬ ִ ‫) ְל ֵבית ָה ֱא‬ Ezra 3:8; 6:22; 8:36; 10:1; 10:6 Ezra 10:9; Neh 6:10; 8:16; 11:11; 11:16 (‫�הים‬ ִ ‫) ְל ֵבית ָה ֱא‬ Neh 11:22; 13:7; 13:9; 13:11; 1 Chr 6:33 1 Chr. 9:11; 9:13; 9:26; 9:27; 22:2 1 Chr 23:28; 25:6; 26:20; 28:12; 28:21 1 Chr 29:7; 2 Chr 3:3; 4:19; 5:1; 5:14 2 Chr 7:5; 15:18; 23:9; 24:7; 24:13 2 Chr 24:27; 28:24a; 28:24b; 31:13; 31:21 2 Chr 35:8; 36:18; 36:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the forty-eight occurrences of ‫ ְל ֵבית‬/‫ ֵבּית‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ה ֱא‬,ָ to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (100+) of ‫ ְל ֵבית‬/‫ ֵבּית‬with ‫יְ הוָ ה‬ (‫ ְל ֵבית יְ הוָ ה‬/‫ ;) ֵבּית יְ הוָ ה‬see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ב‬, §252. MA reads here unique in the Prophets for the sole occurrence in the Prophets of this lemma at this reference.

316

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 19:2 ‫י־שׁם יָ ִ ֖מים ַא ְר ָבּ ָ ֥ﬠה‬ ָ֕ ‫הוּדה וַ ְתּ ִה‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫ל־בּית ֶל ֶ֖חם י‬ ֥ ֵ ‫יה ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־בּ֣ית ָא ִ֔ב‬ ֵ ‫תּוֹ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ ִתּזְ ֶנ֤ה ָﬠ ָל ֙יו ִ ֽפּ ַילגְ ֔שׁוֹ וַ ֵ ֤תּ ֶל� ֵ ֽמ ִא‬ ‫ֳח ָד ִ ֽשׁים׃‬ 19:2

‫וַ ִתּזְ נֶ ה‬

Twice, once at the beginning of a verse, and once at the end of a verse

̇‫סופ פסו‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד ראש פסו̇ וחד‬

Mp

Judg 19:2; Isa 57:3

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one at the beginning of a verse (here), and one at the end of a verse (Isa 57:3). The Mp heading at Isa 57:3 inexactly reads unique. It should have read unique in the book or unique at the end of a verse.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once at the beginning and once at the end of a verse; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §90, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §109.

JUDGES 19:3 ‫יה‬ ָ ‫הוּ ֵבּ֣ית ָא ִ֔ב‬ ֙ ‫יא‬ ֵ֨ ‫ל־ל ָבּ ֙הּ ַל ֲה ִשׁ ָ֔יבו וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֥רוֹ ִﬠ ֖מּוֹ וְ ֶצ ֶ֣מד ֲחמ ִ ֹ֑רים וַ ְתּ ִב‬ ִ ‫יה ְל ַד ֵבּ֤ר ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ישׁהּ וַ ֵיּ ֶ֣ל� ַא ֲח ֶ ֗ר‬ ָ֜ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָקם ִא‬ ‫אתוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫הוּ ֲא ִ ֣בי ַ ֽהנַּ ֲﬠ ָ ֔רה וַ יִּ ְשׂ ַ ֖מח ִל ְק ָר‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֵ֨א‬ 19:3

‫ישׁהּ‬ ָ ‫ִא‬

Twenty-five times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25

‫̇כ ̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 16:3; Num 5:13; 5:29; 30:8; 30:9 Num 30:11; 30:12; 30:13a; 30:13b; 30:14 Num 30:15; Deut 25:11; Judg 13:9; 19:3; 1 Sam 1:8 1 Sam 1:23; 2:19; 2 Sam 3:16; 11:26; 2 Kgs 4:9 2 Kgs 4:22; Ezek 16:32; 16:45; Hos 2:4; Ruth 1:9

——————————

JUDGES ‫ישׁהּ‬ ָ ‫ ִא‬twenty-five times

1–5

6–10

11–15

16–20

21–25

‫אישה ̇כ ̇ה‬

317

Mm

Gen 16:3 Num 5:13 Num 5:29 Num 30:8 Num 30:9 Num 30:11 Num 30:12 Num 30:13a Twice in the verse (Num 30:13b) Num 30:14 Num 30:15 Deut 25:11 Judg 13:9 Judg 19:3 1 Sam 1:8 1 Sam 1:23 1 Sam 2:19 2 Sam 3:16 2 Sam 11:26 2 Kgs 4:9 2 Kgs 4:22 Ezek 16:32 Ezek 16:45 Hos 2:4 Ruth 1:9

‫ותקח שרי‬ ‫ושכב איש‬ ‫הקנאת‬ ‫ושמע‬ ‫ואם ביום שמע‬ ‫ואם בית אישה‬ ‫ושמע‬ ‫ואם הפר‬ ‫שנים בפסוקה‬ ‫כל נדר וכל‬ ‫ואם החרש‬ ‫כי ינצו אנשים‬ ‫האל( ]האלהים[ בקול‬ ̇ ) ‫וישמע‬ ‫ויקם אישה‬ ‫ויאמר לה‬ ‫אלקנה‬ ‫ומעיל קטן‬ ‫וילך אתה‬ ‫אשת אוריה‬ ‫ותאמר אל אישה‬ ‫ותקרא אל אישה‬ ‫המנאפת‬ ‫בת אמך את‬ ‫ריבו באמכם‬ ‫ומצאן מנוחה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty-five occurrences of this lemma with a fem. sfx. her husband, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (100+) of the common word ‫ ִא ָשּׁה‬woman. The Mp headings here, and at 2 Sam 11:26, read twenty-five. The heading at 2 Sam 3:16 of twenty-eight is no doubt a simple graphic error of ‫ ח‬eight and ‫ ה‬five.

The headings at 1 Sam 1:23, 2 Kgs 4:9 and 2 Kgs 4:22 read twenty-one, quite possibly taking the five Samuel references as one reference; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.

318 19:3

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ַל ֲה ִשׁ ָיבו‬

Read ‫ַל ֲה ִשׁ ָיבהּ‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫להשיבה‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur with a ‫ ו‬at the end of a word, but which are read as a ‫ ;ה‬see the Mm at Dan 5:5 sub ‫נפקו‬, Frensdorff, Ochlah, §115, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §97. In ML this lemma has no circellus. 19:3

‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ ְתּ ִב‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written defective ‫ )וַ ְתּ ִב ֵאהוּ( י‬at Exod 2:10 and 1 Sam 1:24.

JUDGES 19:5 ‫ת־ל ֶ֖חם‬ ֶ ‫ל־ח ָתנ֗ וֹ ְס ָ ֧ﬠד ִל ְבּ�֛ ַפּ‬ ֲ ‫אמר֩ ֲא ִ֨בי ַ ֽהנַּ ֲﬠ ָ ֜רה ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יﬠי וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִ ֥כּימוּ ַב ֖בֹּ ֶקר וַ יָּ ֣ ָ קם ָל ֶל ֶ֑כת וַ יּ‬ ִ ֔ ‫הי ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ָה ְר ִב‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ַוֽ י‬ ‫וְ ַא ַ ֥חר ֵתּ ֵלֽכוּ׃‬ 19:5

‫ֲח ָתנוֹ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. MA correctly reads here unique, but MC has no note.

JUDGES 19:6 ‫ל־נ֥א וְ ִ ֖לין וְ יִ ַ ֥טב ִל ֶ ֽבּ�׃‬ ָ ‫וֹא‬ ֶ ‫ל־ה ִ֔אישׁ ֽה‬ ָ ‫אמר ֲא ִ ֤בי ַ ֽהנַּ ֲﬠ ָר ֙ה ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יהם יַ ְח ָ ֖דּו וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֑תּוּ וַ ֜יּ‬ ֛ ֶ ֵ‫אכל֧ וּ ְשׁנ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יֵּ ְשׁ ֗בוּ וַ יּ‬ 19:6 Unique

‫אכלוּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יֵּ ְשׁבוּ וַ יּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 19:6 Five times 1–4

‫הוֹאל‬ ֶ

319

Mp

‫̇ה‬

6:3 Judg 19:6; 2 Sam 7:29 (‫;)הוֹאל‬ ֵ 2 Kgs 5:23 (‫;)הוֹאל‬ ֵ

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times is incorrect since there are only four occurrences of this lemma. The correct number is given in the Mp headings at 2 Sam 7:29 and 2 Kgs 5:23.

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma, written with ṣerê and səḡôl, to distinguish them from the three occurrences of a similar form ‫הוֹאיל‬. ִ Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 19:7 ‫ר־בּוֹ ח ְֹתנ֔ וֹ וַ ָיּ ָ֖שׁב וַ ָיּ ֶ֥לן ָ ֽשׁם׃‬ ֙ ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֥ קם ָה ִ ֖אישׁ ָל ֶל ֶ֑כת וַ יִּ ְפ ַצ‬ 19:7

‫וַ יִּ ְפ ַצר‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Gen 19:3; 33:11; Judg 19:7; 2 Kgs 5:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma from ‫פּ ַצר‬,ָ to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (9x) of its by-form ‫ ;וַ יִּ ְפר ֹץ( ָפּ ַרץ‬see HALOT, 2: 954, 972). For the interchange of the ‫ צ‬and ‫ פ‬with the pl. of this form in another Masoretic list, see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §176. The Mp headings at Gen 19:3 and Gen 33:11 read four times with paṯaḥ (‫)ד‬. ַ֗

JUDGES 19:8 ‫אמר ׀ ֲא ִ ֣בי ַ ֽהנַּ ֲﬠ ָ ֗רה ְס ָﬠד־נָ ֙א ְל ָ ֣ב ְב ֔� וְ ִ ֽה ְת ַמ ְה ְמ ֖הוּ ַﬠד־נְ ֣טוֹת‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת וַ ֣יּ‬ ֒ ‫ישׁ֮י ָל ֶל ֶכ‬ ִ ‫וַ יַּ ְשׁ ֵ֨כּם ַבּ ֜בֹּ ֶקר ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֲח ִמ‬ ‫יהם׃‬ ֽ ֶ ֵ‫אכל֖ וּ ְשׁנ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ַהיּ֑ וֹם וַ יּ‬ 19:8

‫ְס ָﬠד‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Judg 19:5; 19:8

Mp

320 19:8

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ ִה ְת ַמ ְה ְמהוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a cj. at Isa 29:9.

JUDGES 19:9 ‫אמר ל֣ וֹ ח ְֹתנ֣ וֹ ֲא ִ ֣בי ַ ֽהנַּ ֲﬠ ָ ֡רה ִה ֵנּ֣ה נָ ֩א ָר ָ֨פה ַהיּ֜ וֹם ַל ֲﬠ ֗ר ֹב‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וּפ ַילגְ ֖שׁוֹ וְ נַ ֲﬠ ֑רוֹ וַ ֣יּ‬ ִ ‫ישׁ ָל ֔ ֶל ֶכת ֥הוּא‬ ֙ ‫וַ ָ ֤יּ ָ קם ָה ִא‬ ‫יטב ְל ָב ֶ֔ב� וְ ִה ְשׁ ַכּ ְמ ֶ ֤תּם ָמ ָח ֙ר ְל ַד ְר ְכּ ֶ֔כם וְ ָה ַל ְכ ָ ֖תּ ְלא ָֹה ֶ ֽל�׃‬ ֣ ַ ִ‫יּוֹם ִ ֥לין פּ ֹ֙ה וְ י‬ ֙ ‫ינוּ־נא ִה ֨ ֵנּה ֲחנ֤ וֹת ַה‬ ָ֞ ‫ִ ֽל‬ 19:9

‫ָר ָפה‬

Twice written with ‫ה‬

‫כת ה‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 19:9; 1 Chr 8:37

Com.: The Masorah notes that these two forms, which are homonyms (‫ ָר ָפה‬here is a verbal form is waning, whereas ‫ ָר ָפה‬in 1 Chr 8:37 is a name Raphah), are written with ‫ה‬.

Another similar form ‫ ְר ָפה‬heal! is written both ways, once with ‫ ה‬at Ps 60:4 (‫ ) ְר ָפה‬and once with ‫ א‬at Num 12:13 (‫)ר ָפא‬. ְ 19:9

‫ַל ֲﬠר ֹב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 19:9 (‫;*)ל ֲﬠרוֹב‬ ַ Ezek 27:9

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this prep. at Ps 119:122.

ַ writes the lemma here defective ‫ ;ו‬see Breuer, The Biblical * ML, contrary to M (‫)ל ֲﬠרוֹב‬, Text, 657). MC and MA both write the lemma here as ‫ל ֲﬠרוֹב‬.ַ The Mp of MA reads twice, but the Mp of MC reads unique plene (‫)ו‬. At Ezek 27:9 the Mp of ML reads twice, the Mp of MA, in accord with M, reads twice, once defective and once plene, while MC has no Mp note there.

In ML the circellus has been placed on ‫ ַל ֲﬠר ֹב ִלינוּ‬but, since this phrase only occurs once, it is most likely that, with MA, the note should just be on ‫ל ֲﬠר ֹב‬,ַ that does occur twice.

JUDGES 19:9

‫וְ ִה ְשׁ ַכּ ְמ ֶתּם‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

321

Mp

Gen 19:2; Judg 19:9; 1 Sam 29:10 ——————————

‫ וְ ִה ְשׁ ַכּ ְמ ֶתּם‬three times, and their references Gen 19:2 Judg 19:9 1 Sam 29:10 19:9

Mm

‫והלכתם לדרככם‬ ‫מחר‬ ‫ואור לכם‬

�‫ְלא ָֹה ֶל‬

Unique defective

‫והשכמתם ̇ג וסימנהון‬

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫( י‬sg.), to distinguish it from its three occurrences written plene ‫לא ָֹה ֶלי�( י‬,ְ pl.). In ML the erasure of an original ‫ י‬to conform to the Mp note, is clearly apparent.

JUDGES 19:10 ‫בוּשׁים‬ ִ֔ ‫מוֹר ֙ים ֲח‬ ִ ‫רוּשׁ ָל֑� וְ ִﬠ ֗מּוֹ ֶצ ֶ֤מד ֲח‬ ָ ְ‫ישׁ ָל ֔לוּן וַ ָיּ֣ ָ קם וַ ֵ֗יּ ֶל� וַ יָּב ֹ ֙א ַﬠד־ ֹ֣נ ַכח ֔יְבוּס ִ ֖היא י‬ ֙ ‫א־א ָ ֤בה ָה ִא‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ֽל‬ ‫וּפ ַילגְ ֖שׁוֹ ִﬠ ֽמּוֹ׃‬ ִ 19:10

‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫ֲח‬

Six times plene 1–5 6

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Judg 19:10; 19:21 (‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫;)ל ֲח‬ ַ 2 Sam 16:2 (‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫;)ה ֲח‬ ַ Ezek 23:20; 1 Chr 5:21 (‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫)וַ ֲח‬ 1 Chr 12:41 (‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫)בּ ֲח‬ ַ

——————————

322

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫ ֲח‬six times plene, and their references 1–5

6

Judg 19:21 Judg 19:10 ‫ית־ה ֶמּ ֶל� ִל ְרכֹּב‬ ַ ‫ ְל ֵב‬of Ziba (2 Sam 16:2) Ezek 23:20 1 Chr 5:21 1 Chr 12:41

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ̇‫חמורים ו‬

Mm

[‫ויביאהו לביתו )ויבל( ]ויבול‬ ‫ולא אבה האיש‬ [‫לבית המלך לרכב )דציבאות( ]דציבא‬ ‫ותעגבה על‬ ‫מקניהם‬ ‫וגם הקרובים אליהם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (20x) in various forms written defective ‫)חמ ִֹרים( ו‬. ֲ In the Mm, the addition of Ziba to the 2 Sam 16:2 reference specifies that the verse occurs in the passage concerns Ziba, servant of Mephibosheth.

The first two letters (‫ )ות‬of the first catchword of the Ezek 23:20 (‫ )ותעגבה‬reference have mistakenly been repeated and attached to the previous word (‫ )דציבא‬as ‫דציבאות‬. 19:10

‫בוּשׁים‬ ִ ‫ֲח‬

Unique plene

Mp

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences written defective ‫)ח ֻב ִשׁים( ו‬ ֲ at 2 Sam 16:1 and Ezek 27:24.

JUDGES 19:11 ‫יְבוּסי ַה ֖זּ ֹאת‬ ֥ ִ ‫יר־ה‬ ַ ‫ל־ﬠ‬ ֽ ִ ‫ה־נּ֛א וְ נָ ֛ס ָוּרה ֶא‬ ָ ‫ל־אד ֗ ָֹניו ְל ָכ‬ ֲ ‫אמר ַה ַ֜נּ ַﬠר ֶא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫אד וַ ֨יּ‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ם־יְבוּס וְ ַהיּ֖ וֹם ַ ֣רד ְמ‬ ֔ ‫ֵ ֣הם ִﬠ‬ ‫וְ נָ ִ ֥לין ָ ֽבּהּ׃‬ 19:11

‫ַרד‬

Unique with paṯaḥ

‫֗ ַל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written with a paṯaḥ, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (12x) written with a ṣerê (‫)רד‬, ֵ and from its sole occurrence written with a qameṣ (‫ ָ)רד‬at Hos 12:1.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a paṯaḥ, and once with a qameṣ; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §23, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §24.

JUDGES

323

JUDGES 19:12 ‫א־מ ְבּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֵ ֑הנָּ ה וְ ָﬠ ַ ֖ב ְרנוּ ַﬠד־גִּ ְב ָ ֽﬠה׃‬ ִ ֹ ‫שׁר ֽל‬ ֛ ֶ ‫ל־ﬠיר נָ ְכ ִ ֔רי ֲא‬ ֣ ִ ‫סוּר ֶא‬ ֙ ָ‫אמר ֵא ָל ֙יו ֲאד ָֹ֔ניו ֤ל ֹא נ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֤יּ‬ 19:12

‫לֹא נָ סוּר‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. (‫ )וְ לֹא נָ סוּר‬at Judg 20:8. 19:12

‫יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֵהנָּ ה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 39:14; Judg 19:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬with ‫הנָּ ה‬,ֵ to distinguish them from its two occurrences with ‫ )יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ִהנֵּ ה( ִהנֵּ ה‬at Judg 6:15 and 1 Sam 12:1.

JUDGES 19:13 ‫אמר ְלנַ ֲﬠ ֔רוֹ ְל�֥ וְ נִ ְק ְר ָ ֖בה ְבּ ַא ַ ֣חד ַה ְמּק ֹ֑מוֹת וְ ַ ֥לנּוּ ַבגִּ ְב ָ ֖ﬠה ֥אוֹ ָב ָר ָ ֽמה׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 19:13

�‫ְל‬

Three times defective (in sense of) going

‫חס בהליכה‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Num 23:13 (kəṯîḇ); Judg 19:13; 2 Chr 25:17 (kəṯîḇ)

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in the sense of going, written defective ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (28x), in the sense of going, written plene ‫;)ל ָכה( ה‬ ְ see the Mm at Isa 3:6 sub ‫ ְל ָכה‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm to 2 Chr 25:17 in the additional notation of Chronicles to the 2 Chr 25:17 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 2 Kgs 14:8, where the lemma occurs as ‫ל ָכה‬.ְ

At the Num 23:13 and 2 Chr 25:17 references, the form ‫ לך‬is the kəṯîḇ whereas the form ‫ ְל ָכה‬is the qərê. 19:13

‫וְ ַלנּוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

324

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 19:15 ‫יְתה ָל ֽלוּן׃‬ ָ ‫ף־אוֹתם ַה ַ ֖בּ‬ ָ֥ ‫יָּב ֹא וַ ֵ֨יּ ֶשׁ ֙ב ִבּ ְר ֣חוֹב ָה ֔ ִﬠיר וְ ֵ ֥אין ִ ֛אישׁ ְמ ַא ֵ ֽסּ‬ ֗ ַ‫וַ יָּ ֻ ֣סרוּ ָ֔שׁם ָל ֖בוֹא ָלל֣ וּן ַבּגִּ ְב ָ ֑ﬠה ו‬ 19:15

‫וְ ֵאין ִאישׁ‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 39:11; Judg 19:15; 19:18; 1 Sam 9:2; Isa 41:28 Isa 50:2; 57:1

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its seven occurrences without a cj. 19:15

‫אַסּף‬ ֵ ‫ְמ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Num 10:25; Judg 19:15; 19:18; Jer 9:21 19:15

‫יְתה‬ ָ ‫ַה ַבּ‬

Nineteen times

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Com.: See Josh 2:18.

Mp

JUDGES 19:16 ‫הוּא־ג֖ר ַבּגִּ ְב ָ ֑ﬠה וְ ַאנְ ֵ ֥שׁי‬ ָ ְ‫ישׁ ֵמ ַ ֣הר ֶא ְפ ַ ֔ריִם ו‬ ֙ ‫ן־ה ָשּׂ ֶד ֙ה ָבּ ֔ ֶﬠ ֶרב וְ ָה ִא‬ ַ ‫ן־מ ֲﬠ ֵ ֤שׂהוּ ִמ‬ ַ ‫וְ ִה ֵנּ֣ה ׀ ִ ֣אישׁ זָ ֵ ֗קן ָ ֣בּא ִ ֽמ‬ ‫יְמ ִינֽי׃‬ ִ ‫ַה ָמּ ֖קוֹם ְבּ ֵנ֥י‬ 19:16

‫וְ ִהנֵּ ה‬

Twice at the beginning of a verse in the book Com.: See Judg 4:22.

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫פס‬ ̇ ‫רא‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

JUDGES

325

JUDGES 19:17 ‫וּמ ַ ֥איִ ן ָתּ ֽבוֹא׃‬ ֵ �֖‫אמר ָה ִ ֧אישׁ ַהזָּ ֵ ֛ קן ָ ֥אנָ ה ֵת ֵל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ת־ה ִ ֥אישׁ ָהא ֵ ֹ֖ר ַ� ִבּ ְר ֣חֹב ָה ִ ֑ﬠיר וַ ֨יּ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ָ ֣שּׂא ֵﬠ ָ֗יניו וַ ַיּ֛ ְ רא ֶא‬ 19:17

‫וַ יִּ ָשּׂא ֵﬠינָ יו‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 5:13. 19:17

Mp

‫ִבּ ְרחֹב‬

Unique defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (8x) written plene ‫)בּ ְרחוֹב( ו‬. ִ 19:17

‫אמר ָה ִאישׁ ַהזָּ ֵקן‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

19:17

‫וּמאַיִ ן‬ ֵ

Mp

Judg 19:17; 19:20

Five times 1–5

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Josh 9:8; Judg 19:17; 2 Kgs 20:14; Isa 39:3; Jonah 1:8.

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) without a cj.

JUDGES 19:18 ‫ד־בּית‬ ֥ ֵ ‫ם ִמ ָ ֣שּׁם ָא ֔נ ֹ ִכי וָ ֵא ֕ ֵל� ַﬠ‬ ֒ ִ‫ר־א ְפ ַרי‬ ֶ ‫הוּד ֮ה ַﬠד־יַ ְר ְכּ ֵ ֣תי ַה‬ ָ ְ‫ית־ל ֶ֣חם י‬ ֶ ‫אמר ֵא ֗ ָליו ע ְֹב ִ ֨רים ֲא ַ֜נ ְחנוּ ִמ ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ ‫יְתה׃‬ ָ ‫אוֹתי ַה ָ ֽבּ‬ ֖ ִ ‫ת־בּ֤ית יְ הוָ ֙ה ֲא ִנ֣י ה ֔ ֵֹל� וְ ֵ ֣אין ִ֔אישׁ ְמ ַא ֵ ֥סּף‬ ֵ ‫הוּדה וְ ֶא‬ ֑ ָ ְ‫ֶל ֶ֖חם י‬ 19:18 Four times

�‫ֲאנִ י ה ֵֹל‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

ֵ ‫ ;)וַ ֲאנִ י‬15:20b (�‫הוֹל‬ ֵ ) Judg 19:18; 2 Sam 12:23; 15:20a (�‫הוֹל‬

326

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of �‫ ה ֵֹל‬in various forms with ‫אנִ י‬, ֲ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (7x) in various forms with ‫) ָאנ ִֹכי ה ֵֹל�( ָאנ ִֹכי‬.

19:18

‫וְ ֵאין ִאישׁ‬

Seven times

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 19:15. 19:18

‫אַסּף‬ ֵ ‫ְמ‬

Four times

Mp

‫̇ד‬

Num 10:25; Judg 19:15; 19:18; Jer 9:21 19:18

‫יְתה‬ ָ ‫ַה ָבּ‬

Nineteen times

‫י̇ ̇ט‬

Com.: See Josh 2:18.

Mp

JUDGES 19:19 ‫ם־ﬠ ָב ֶ ֑די� ֵ ֥אין ַמ ְח ֖סוֹר‬ ֲ ‫שׁ־לי וְ ַ ֽל ֲא ָמ ֶ֔ת� וְ ַל ַנּ ַ֖ﬠר ִﬠ‬ ֙ ִ ֶ‫מוֹרינוּ ְו֠גַ ם ֶל ֶ֣חם וָ ַי֤ יִ ן י‬ ֔ ֵ ‫פּוֹא ֵי ֣שׁ ַל ֲח‬ ֙ ‫ם־מ ְס‬ ִ ַ‫ם־תּ ֶבן גּ‬ ֤ ֶ ַ‫וְ ג‬ ‫ל־דּ ָ ֽבר׃‬ ָ ‫ָכּ‬ 19:19

‫מוֹרינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ַל ֲח‬

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MC, of unique plene (‫ )ו‬is inexact since there is no occurrence of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬. The note more precisely should have read unique and plene. MA reads here twice to include the form of this lemma written defective ‫ ו‬and without the prep. ‫)חמ ֵֹרינוּ( ל‬ ֲ at Gen 43:18.

JUDGES

327

JUDGES 19:20 ‫ל־תּ ַ ֽלן׃‬ ָ ‫סוֹר�֖ ָﬠ ָל֑י ַ ֥רק ָבּ ְר ֖חוֹב ַא‬ ְ ‫ל־מ ְח‬ ַ ‫קן ָשׁל֣ וֹם ֔ ָל� ַ ֥רק ָכּ‬ ֙ ֵ ָ‫אמר ָה ִ ֤אישׁ ַהזּ‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֨יּ‬ 19:20

�‫ָשׁלוֹם ָל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 19:20; Dan 10:19

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ָשׁלוֹם‬with �‫ל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with �‫ ;) ָשׁלוֹם ְל�( ְל‬see Judg 6:23. 19:20

�‫סוֹר‬ ְ ‫ַמ ְח‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence with a cj. (�‫)וּמ ְחס ְֹר‬ ַ at Prov 6:11. 19:20

‫ָבּ ְרחוֹב‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 19:2; Judg 19:20; Isa 59:14; Job 29:7

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫בּ‬,ָ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the indef. prep. ‫)בּ ְרחוֹב( ְבּ‬. ִ 19:20

‫ָתּ ַלן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 19:20; Job 17:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫ל‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a səḡôl (‫)תּ ֶלן‬ ָ at 2 Sam 17:16.

328

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 19:21 ‫אכל֖ וּ וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֽתּוּ׃‬ ְ ֹ ‫יהם וַ יּ‬ ֶ֔ ‫מוֹרים ַוֽ יִּ ְר ֲח ֙צוּ ַרגְ ֵל‬ ֑ ִ ‫יתוֹ וַ יָּ ֖ ָבול ַל ֲח‬ ֔ ‫יאהוּ ְל ֵב‬ ֣ ֵ ‫וַ ִיְב‬ 19:21

‫יאהוּ‬ ֵ ‫וַ ִיְב‬

Five times plene 1–5

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Gen 29:13; Judg 19:21; 1 Sam 16:12; 2 Kgs 4:20; Ezek 17:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma written plene second ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its six occurrences written defective second ‫)וַ ִיְב ֵאהוּ( י‬.

This enumeration does not include the two occurrences of this lemma in the Writings at 2 Chr 25:23 and 36:4. The Mp heading at 2 Kgs 4:20 reads eight times, no doubt a graphic error of ‫ ח‬eight for ‫ ה‬five.

The Mp headings at 2 Kgs 4:20 and Ezek 17:4, and the Mm at 1 Sam 16:12, add and similarly all the Writings apart from one (‫וַ ִיְב ֵאהוּ‬, 2 Chr 36:10). 19:21

‫יָּבול‬ ָ ַ‫ו‬

Five times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times plene (‫ )ו‬is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. The note seems to be a duplication of the one for the previous lemma. What is expected here is either a qərê ‫( וַ יָּ ָבל‬so BHS), or a note ‫יתיר‬ ‫ו‬, as in MC and MA. 19:21

‫מוֹרים‬ ִ ‫ַל ֲח‬

Six times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 19:10.

JUDGES

329

JUDGES 19:22 ‫ת־ה ַ֔בּיִ ת ִ ֽמ ְת ַדּ ְפּ ִ ֖ קים ַﬠל־‬ ַ ‫בּוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫ֽי־ב ִל ַ֗יּ ַﬠל נָ ַ֨ס‬ ְ ‫שׁי ְב ֵנ‬ ֣ ֵ ְ‫ם וְ ִהנֵּ ֩ה ַאנְ ֵ֨שׁי ָה ֜ ִﬠיר ַאנ‬ ֒ ‫ת־ל ָבּ‬ ִ ‫יבים ֶא‬ ֣ ִ ‫יט‬ ִ ‫ֵה ָמּ ֮ה ֵמ‬ ‫ית�֖ וְ נֵ ָד ֶ ֽﬠנּוּ׃‬ ְ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ר־בּא ֶא‬ ֥ ָ ‫ת־ה ִ ֛אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫הוֹצא ֶא‬ ֵ ֗ ‫מר‬ ֹ ֔ ‫קן ֵלא‬ ֙ ֵ ָ‫אמ ֗רוּ ֶאל־ ֠ ָה ִאישׁ ַ ֣בּ ַﬠל ַה ַ ֤בּיִת ַהזּ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ַה ָ ֑דּ ֶלת וַ יּ‬ 19:22

‫ֵה ָמּה‬

Nineteen times at the beginning of a verse Com.: See Judg 18:3.

‫פס‬ ̇ ‫י̇ ̇ט רא‬

Mp

ִ ‫ ֵמ‬has a In ML this lemma has no circellus. However, the following word ‫יט ִיבים‬ circellus but no note, so it would seem that the circellus has simply been misplaced. 19:22

Unique 19:22

Unique

‫ִמ ְת ַדּ ְפּ ִקים‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

‫ל־ה ָדּ ֶלת‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a preceding ‫( ַﬠל‬here), and once with a preceding ‫( ֶאל‬Exod 21:6); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §2, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §2. 19:22

Unique 19:22

‫ַבּ ַﬠל ַה ַבּיִ ת ַהזָּ ֵקן‬ Mp

‫̇ל‬ ‫הוֹצא‬ ֵ

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 6:30. 19:22

Unique

‫וְ נֵ ָד ֶﬠנּוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

330

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 19:23 ‫ר־בּא ָה ִ ֤אישׁ ַהזֶּ ֙ה‬ ָ֞ ‫ל־תּ ֵ ֣רעוּ ָנ֑א ֠ ַא ֲח ֵרי ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫ל־א ַ ֖חי ַא‬ ַ ‫אמר ֲא ֵל ֶ֔הם ַא‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ישׁ ַבּ ַ֣ﬠל ַה ַ֔בּיִת וַ ֣יּ‬ ֙ ‫יהם ָה ִא‬ ֶ֗ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵצ֣א ֲא ֵל‬ ‫ת־הנְּ ָב ָ ֥לה ַה ֽזּ ֹאת׃‬ ַ ‫ל־תּ ֲﬠ ֖שׂוּ ֶא‬ ַ ‫יתי ַ ֽא‬ ִ֔ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫ַא‬ 19:23

‫ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬

Six times defective in the book 1–5 6

‫בסיפ‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Judg 3:28; 8:23; 8:24; 18:2; 18:4 Judg 19:23

Mp

——————————

‫ ֲא ֵל ֶהם‬six times defective in the book, and their references 1–5

6

Judg 3:28 Judg 8:23 Judg 8:24 Judg 18:2 Judg 18:4 Judg 19:23b

‫בסיפ וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫אלהם ו‬

Mm

‫רדפו אחרי כי‬ ‫לא אמשל אני‬ ‫אשאלה מכם שאלה‬ ‫לכו חקרו‬ ‫וישכרני‬ ‫אל תרעו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in the book written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) in the book written plene ‫יהם( י‬ ֶ ‫)א ֵל‬. ֲ

The Mp heading at Judg 8:23 enumerates the twenty-nine occurrences of this lemma in the Prophets, for which there is a Mm at 1 Kgs 12:16 and Ezek 33:25. 19:23

Three times

‫אַל־תּ ֵרעוּ‬ ָ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 19:23; Ps 105:15; 1 Chr 16:22

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫אַל‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences without ‫ אַל‬at Gen 19:7 and 1 Sam 12:25.

JUDGES

331

In ML at the Ps 105:15 reference, the notes for this lemma and the preceding one ‫ וְ ִלנְ ִביאַי‬have mistakenly been reversed. The heading for this lemma reads unique instead of three times, and the one for the preceding lemma ‫ וְ ִלנְ ִביאַי‬reads three times instead of unique; see Dotan/Reich, Masora Thesaurus, ad loc. 19:23

‫אַל־תּ ֲﬠשׂוּ‬ ַ

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Gen 19:8; Judg 19:23; Jer 5:10

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with ‫אַל‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (31x) with ‫)לֹא ַת ֲﬠשׂוּ( לֹא‬.

JUDGES 19:24 ‫אוֹתם וַ ֲﬠ ֣שׂוּ ָל ֶ֔הם ַה ֖טּוֹב ְבּ ֵﬠינֵ ֶיכ֑ם וְ ָל ִ ֤אישׁ‬ ָ֔ ‫אוֹת ֙ם וְ ַﬠנּ֣ וּ‬ ָ ‫ה־נּ֤א‬ ָ ‫יא‬ ָ ‫אוֹצ‬ ֽ ִ ‫וּפ ַילגְ ֵ֗שׁהוּ‬ ֽ ִ ‫תוּלה‬ ָ ֜ ‫ִהנֵּ ֩ה ִב ִ֨תּי ַה ְבּ‬ ‫ַהזֶּ ֙ה ֣ל ֹא ַת ֲﬠ ֔שׂוּ ְדּ ַ ֖בר ַהנְּ ָב ָ ֥לה ַה ֽזּ ֹאת׃‬ 19:24

‫וּפ ַילגְ ֵשׁהוּ‬ ִ

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the sfx. ‫הוּ‬, to distinguish it from its four occurrences with the sfx. ‫)וּפ ַילגְ שׁוֹ( וֹ‬, ִ two of which occur in vv. 9 and 10 of this chapter. 19:24

‫יאה‬ ָ ‫אוֹצ‬ ִ

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 19:8; Judg 19:24

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences without this cohortative ending (‫)אוֹציא‬ ִ at Exod 3:11 and Ezek 20:38. 19:24

‫וְ ַﬠנּוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its occurrence without a cj. at Isa 27:2.

332 19:24

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וְ ָל ִאישׁ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (32x) without a cj.; see 1 Sam 2:15.

JUDGES 19:25 ‫וֹתהּ וַ יִּ ְֽת ַﬠ ְלּלוּ־‬ ָ ‫יהם ַה ֑חוּץ וַ יֵּ ְד ֣ﬠוּ ֠א‬ ֖ ֶ ‫ישׁ ְבּ ִ ֣פ ַילגְ ֔שׁוֹ וַ יּ ֵ ֹ֥צא ֲא ֵל‬ ֙ ‫מ ַ ֽ� ֔לוֹ וַ יַּ ֲח ֵז֤ק ָה ִא‬ ֹ ֣ ‫א־א ֤בוּ ָה ֲאנָ ִשׁ ֙ים ִל ְשׁ‬ ָ ֹ ‫וְ ֽל‬ ‫וּה ַבּ ֲﬠל֥ וֹת ַה ָ ֽשּׁ ַחר׃‬ ָ ‫ד־ה ֔בֹּ ֶקר ַוֽ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֖ח‬ ַ ‫ל־ה ֨ ַלּיְ ָל ֙ה ַﬠ‬ ַ ‫ָ ֤בהּ ָכּ‬ 19:25

‫וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬

‫ וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬thirteen times defective

1–5

6–10

11–13

Num 17:23 Num 17:24 Judg 19:25 2 Sam 10:16 2 Sam 13:18 2 Sam 22:20 2 Kgs 15:20 2 Kgs 23:6 2 Kgs 10:22 Jer 20:3

2 Chr 16:2 Job 12:22

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫ויצא י̇ ̇ג‬

Mm

‫פרח‬ [‫)המטות( ]המטת‬ ‫בפילגשו‬ ‫הדדעזר‬ {‫מש‬ ̇ } ‫משרתו‬ ‫למרחב‬ ‫מנחם‬ ‫האשרה‬ ‫המלתחה‬ ‫פשחור‬ ‫מאצרות‬ ‫מגלח‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the thirteen occurrences of this lemma written defective ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its twelve occurrences written plene ‫יּוֹצא( ו‬ ֵ ַ‫ ;)ו‬see Judg 6:19.

ֵ ַ‫)ו‬, has a fourteenth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the ML, contrary to M (‫יּוֹצא‬ form at Jer 51:16 defective; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 196. 19:25

‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫וַ יּ ֵֹצא ֲא ֵל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Gen 43:23 (‫יּוֹצא‬ ֵ ַ‫ ;)ו‬Judg 19:25 ——————————

JUDGES ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫ וַ יּ ֵֹצא ֲא ֵל‬twice

Gen 43:23 Judg 19:25

‫ויצא )אלהם( ]אליהם[ ̇ב‬

333 Mm

‫את שמעון‬ ‫ויחזק האיש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ וַ יּ ֵֹצא‬with ‫יהם‬ ֶ ‫א ֵל‬, ֲ to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with ‫ )וַ יּ ֵֹצא ָל ֶהם( ָל ֶהם‬at 2 Kgs 10:22. 19:25

‫וַ יֵּ ְדעוּ‬

Six times 1–5 6

Mp

̇‫ו‬

Gen 3:7; Judg 19:25; 1 Sam 4:6; 2 Sam 3:37; Zech 11:11 Neh 6:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma (an impf. consec.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (66x) with a perf. consec. (‫)וְ יָ ְדעוּ‬. 19:25

Unique 19:25

‫חוּה‬ ָ ‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ַבּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬

Read ‫ַכּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬

‫קר‬ ̇ ‫כעלות‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)בעלות‬, and the qərê (‫)כּ ֲﬠלוֹת‬ ַ represent examples of interchanges between the letters ‫ ב‬and ‫ ;כ‬see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 144.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that are written with a ‫ב‬, but read as a ‫ ;כ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §149, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §137. In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 19:26 ‫ד־ה ֽאוֹר׃‬ ָ ‫֥יה ָ ֖שּׁם ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫דוֹנ‬ ֶ ‫ר־א‬ ֲ ‫ית־ה ִ ֛אישׁ ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ָ ‫וַ ָתּ ֥ב ֹא ָה ִא ָ ֖שּׁה ִל ְפנ֣ וֹת ַה ֑בֹּ ֶקר וַ ִתּ ֞ ֹפּל ֶ ֧פּ ַתח ֵבּ‬ 19:26 Unique

‫ִל ְפנוֹת ַהבּ ֶֹקר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

334

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ִל ְפנוֹת‬with ‫הבּ ֶֹקר‬,ַ to distinguish it from its two occurrences with ‫ ) ִל ְפנוֹת בּ ֶֹקר( בּ ֶֹקר‬at Exod 14:27 and Ps 46:6.

19:26

‫יה‬ ָ ֶ‫ֲאדוֹנ‬

Five times plene 1–5 6

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 13:8 (‫;)אדוֹנָ י‬ ֲ 19:26; Mal 1:6 (‫;)אדוֹנִ ים‬ ֲ Ps 123:2 (‫יהם‬ ֶ ֵ‫;)אדוֹנ‬ ֲ 147:5 (‫)אדוֹנֵ ינוּ‬ ֲ 2 Chr 17:8 (‫)אדוֹנִ יָּ ה‬ ֲ

Com.: The Mp heading here of five times plene is incorrect since there are six occurrences of this lemma. The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (700+) in various forms written defective ‫( ו‬e.g., ‫)אד ֹנִ י‬. ֲ Only one of the Mp headings highlighted above (Mal 1:6) reads six times plene, all the rest read unique plene indicating the exclusiveness of their particular forms. Both MC and MA read here unique plene indicating the uniqueness of this particular lemma (‫יה‬ ָ ֶ‫)אדוֹנ‬. ֲ

JUDGES 19:27 ‫יה ַבּ ֗בֹּ ֶקר וַ יִּ ְפ ַתּ ֙ח ַדּ ְל ֣תוֹת ַה ַ֔בּיִ ת וַ יֵּ ֵ ֖צא ָל ֶל ֶ֣כת ְל ַד ְר ֑כּוֹ וְ ִה ֵנּ֧ה ָה ִא ָ ֣שּׁה ִ ֽפ ַילגְ ֗שׁוֹ נ ֨ ֶֹפ ֶל ֙ת ֶפּ ַ֣תח‬ ָ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָקם ֲאד ֶֹ֜נ‬ ‫ל־ה ַ ֽסּף׃‬ ַ ‫יה ַﬠ‬ ָ ‫ַה ַ֔בּיִ ת וְ יָ ֶ ֖ד‬ 19:27 Unique

‫ָה ִא ָשּׁה ִפ ַילגְ שׁוֹ‬ ‫̇ל‬

19:27

‫יה‬ ָ ‫וְ יָ ֶד‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 19:27; Prov 31:20

The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are two occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES

335

JUDGES 19:28 ‫ל־ה ֲח ֔מוֹר וַ ָיּ֣ ָ קם ָה ִ֔אישׁ וַ ֵיּ ֶ֖ל� ִל ְמק ֹֽמוֹ׃‬ ַ ‫וּמי וְ נֵ ֵל ָ֖כה וְ ֵ ֣אין ע ֶֹנ֑ה וַ יִּ ָקּ ֶ֨ח ָ֙ה ַ ֽﬠ‬ ִ ‫֛יה ֥ק‬ ָ ‫אמר ֵא ֶל‬ ֶ ֹ ‫וַ ֧יּ‬ 19:28

‫קוּמי וְ נֵ ֵל ָכה‬ ִ

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫ וְ נֵ ֵל ָכה‬but, since this form occurs more than once, it is most likely that the note should have been on these two words that only occur this once. 19:28

Five times 1–5

‫וְ ֵאין עֹנֶ ה‬ ‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 19:28; 1 Kgs 18:26; 18:29; Isa 50:2 (‫ ;)עוֹנֶ ה‬66:4 (‫)עוֹנֶ ה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma, three times written defective ‫( ו‬Judg 19:28, 1 Kgs 18:26 and 29), and twice written plene ‫( ו‬Isa 50:2 and 66:4). 19:28

‫ִל ְמקֹמוֹ‬

Three times defective Com.: See Judg 7:7.

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

JUDGES 19:29 ‫יה ִל ְשׁ ֵנ֥ים ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂר נְ ָת ִ ֑חים‬ ָ ‫ת־ה ַמּ ֲא ֶ֨כ ֶל ֙ת וַ יַּ ֲח ֵז֣ק ְבּ ִ ֽפ ַילגְ ֔שׁוֹ ַוֽ יְ נַ ְתּ ֶ֨ח ָ֙ה ַל ֲﬠ ָצ ֶ֔מ‬ ֽ ַ ‫יתוֹ וַ יִּ ַ ֤קּח ֶא‬ ֗ ‫ל־בּ‬ ֵ ‫יָּב ֹא ֶא‬ ֣ ַ‫ו‬ ‫ַוֽ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֶ֔ח ָה ְבּ ֖כֹל גְּ ֥בוּל יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ 19:29

‫ַה ַמּ ֲא ֶכ ֶלת‬

‫ ַה ַמּ ֲא ֶכ ֶלת‬three times, and their references Gen 22:6 Gen 22:10 Judg 19:29

‫ויקח אברהם‬ ‫וישלח אברהם >את< ידו‬ ‫ויבא אל‬

‫המאכלת ̇ג וסימנהון‬

Mm

336

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

19:29

‫וַ יְ נַ ְתּ ֶח ָה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

19:29

‫וַ יְ ַשׁ ְלּ ֶח ָה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since this is the only occurrence of this lemma. MC correctly reads here unique, but MA has no note. Mp

Gen 21:14; Judg 19:29

JUDGES 19:30 ‫יְתה וְ ֽל ֹא־נִ ְר ֲא ָת ֙ה ָכּ ֔ז ֹאת ְל ִמיּ֞ וֹם ֲﬠל֤ וֹת ְבּ ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵמ ֶ ֣א ֶרץ ִמ ְצ ַ ֔ריִ ם‬ ֤ ָ ‫ל־הר ֶֹ֗אה וְ ָא ַמ ֙ר ֽל ֹא־נִ ְה‬ ָ ‫וְ ָה ָי֣ה ָכ‬ ‫֖יה ֻ ֥ﬠצוּ וְ ַד ֵ ֽבּרוּ׃ פ‬ ָ ‫ימוּ־ל ֶ ֥כם ָﬠ ֶל‬ ָ ‫ַ ֖ﬠד ַהיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֶזּ֑ה ִ ֽשׂ‬ 19:30 Three times

‫ְל ִמיּוֹם‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 19:30; 2 Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 —————————— ‫ ְל ִמיּוֹם‬three times

‫למיום ̇ג‬

Judg 19:30 ‫�תי‬ ִ ‫ ַה ֲﬠ‬of Samuel (2 Sam 7:6) Isa 7:17

Mm ‫עלות‬ ‫)העלותי( ]העלתי[ דשמואל‬ ‫סור אפרים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (11x) of its alternate phrase ‫ ִמן ַהיּוֹם‬.

This distinction is implied in the Mm in the additional notation of Samuel to the 2 Sam 7:6 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:5, where the lemma occurs as ‫ ִמן ַהיּוֹם‬. In ML the Mp for this lemma has erroneously been placed in the left margin instead of the right one.

JUDGES 19:30

‫ֲﬠלוֹת‬

Unique and plene 1–5

337

Mp

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Gen 32:25; Exod 19:12; Judg 19:30; Amos 7:1; 2 Chr 36:16

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique and plene is inexact since there are four more occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique and plene in the book.

By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫( ו‬in the book), the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur in the book written defective ‫ו‬. The Mp heading at 2 Chr 36:16 and of MA here read six times to include the five forms listed above, and the form without a ‫)ﬠ�ת( ו‬ ֲ at Neh 3:19. MC has no note here.

In ML the Mp for this lemma has erroneously been placed in the right margin instead of in the left one. 19:30

‫ֻﬠצוּ‬

Twice and defective

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 19:30; Isa 8:10

—————————— ‫ ֻﬠצוּ‬twice and defective Judg 19:30 Isa 8:10

‫ודברו‬ ‫עצה ותפר‬

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫עצו ̇ב‬

Mm

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs twice and is written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

338

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 20:1 ‫הוה‬ ֖ ָ ְ‫ד־בּ ֵ ֣אר ֶ֔שׁ ַבע וְ ֶ ֖א ֶרץ ַהגִּ ְל ָ ֑ﬠד ֶאל־י‬ ְ ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל ֒ וַ ִתּ ָקּ ֵ֨הל ָה ֵﬠ ָ ֜דה ְכּ ִ ֣אישׁ ֶא ָ֗חד ְל ִמ ָ ֙דּן וְ ַﬠ‬ ְ ‫אוּ ָכּ‬ ֮ ‫וַ יֵּ ְצ‬ ‫ַה ִמּ ְצ ָ ֽפּה׃‬ 20:1

‫וַ ִתּ ָקּ ֵהל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Lev 8:4; Judg 20:1

JUDGES 20:2 ‫�הים ַא ְר ַ֨בּע ֵמ ֥אוֹת ֶ ֛א ֶלף ִ ֥אישׁ ַרגְ ִ ֖לי ֥שׁ ֹ ֵלֽף‬ ֑ ִ ‫ל־ה ֗ ָﬠם ֚כֹּל ִשׁ ְב ֵ ֣טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִבּ ְק ַ ֖הל ַﬠ֣ם ָה ֱא‬ ָ ‫וַ ִיּ ְֽתיַ ְצּ ֞בוּ ִפּנּ֣ וֹת ָכּ‬ ‫ָ ֽח ֶרב׃ פ‬ 20:2

‫וַ יִּ ְתיַ ְצּבוּ‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Com.: See Josh 24:1. 20:2

‫ִאישׁ ַרגְ ִלי‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

1–4

Mp

Mp

Judg 20:2; 2 Sam 8:4; 1 Chr 18:4; 19:18

Com.: The Mp heading here of twice is incorrect since there are four occurrences of this lemma. It is possible that the note only refers to occurrences in the Prophets, in which case the note should have read twice in the Prophets.

The Mp note in MA reads here four times, as do all the Mp headings in ML at the three other Mp notes highlighted above. MC has no note here.

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫ ַרגְ ִלי‬with ‫ ִאישׁ‬meaning infantryman, to distinguish them from its seven occurrences without ‫ ִאישׁ‬also meaning infantryman, and from its six occurrences meaning my foot.

JUDGES

339

JUDGES 20:3 ‫יְתה ָה ָר ָ ֥ﬠה‬ ֖ ָ ‫יכה נִ ְה‬ ֥ ָ ‫רוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַדּ ְבּ ֕רוּ ֵא‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫י־ﬠל֥ וּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַה ִמּ ְצ ָ ֑פּה וַ ֽיּ‬ ָ ‫עוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ִבנְ יָ ִ֔מן ִ ֽכּ‬ ֙ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְמ‬ ‫ַה ֽזּ ֹאת׃‬ 20:3

‫ ְבּנֵ י־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל‬2

̇ב בפסוק‬

Mp

In ML this lemma has a circellus here but no note. It may have been meant to indicate the occurrence of this lemma twice in this verse. 20:3

‫יכה‬ ָ ‫ֵא‬

Seventeen times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–17

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Deut 1:12; 7:17; 12:30; 18:21; 32:30 Judg 20:3; 2 Kgs 6:15; Isa 1:21; Jer 8:8; 48:17 Ps 73:11; Cant 1:7a; 1:7b; Lam 1:1; 2:1 Lam 4:1; 4:2

Com.: The Masorah notes the seventeen occurrences of this lemma with a lenghtened ending, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (43x) without this lenghtened ending (�‫)אי‬. ֵ

Three of the Mp headings highlighted above (Deut 1:12, 12:30 and 18:21) read only sixteen times, and the Mm at Deut 7:17 lists only sixteen omitting 2 Kgs 6:15.

JUDGES 20:4 ‫וּפ ַילגְ ִ ֖שׁי ָל ֽלוּן׃‬ ֽ ִ ‫אתי ֲא ִנ֥י‬ ִ ‫יָמן ָ ֛בּ‬ ִ֔ ְ‫שׁר ְל ִבנ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫אמר ַהגִּ ְב ֨ ָﬠ ָת ֙ה ֲא‬ ֑ ַ ֹ ‫וַ ַ֜יּ ַﬠן ָה ִ ֣אישׁ ַה ֵלּ ִ֗וי ִ ֛אישׁ ָה ִא ָ ֥שּׁה ַהנִּ ְר ָצ ָ ֖חה וַ יּ‬ 20:4 Unique

‫ָה ִאישׁ ַה ֵלּוִ י‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This phrase is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that only occur once, in which both words of the phrase has the def. article; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §371.

340 20:4 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ָה ִא ָשּׁה ַהנִּ ְר ָצ ָחה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This phrase is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that only occur once, in which both words of the phrase has the def. article; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §371.

JUDGES 20:5 ‫מת׃‬ ֹ ֽ ‫ת־פּ ַילגְ ִ ֥שׁי ִﬠנּ֖ וּ וַ ָתּ‬ ִ ‫אוֹתי ִדּ ֣מּוּ ַל ֲה ֔ר ֹג וְ ֶא‬ ֙ ִ ‫ת־ה ַ ֖בּיִ ת ָל֑יְ ָלה‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֻ ֤ קמוּ ָﬠ ַ ֙לי ַבּ ֲﬠ ֵל֣י ַהגִּ ְב ֔ ָﬠה וַ יָּ ֧סֹבּוּ ָﬠ ַל֛י ֶא‬ 20:5 Unique 20:5

Unique

‫ִדּמּוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫ִפּ ַילגְ ִשׁי‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a ‫ ו‬cj. in v. 4. 20:5

Unique

‫וַ ָתּמֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This word is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of words that occur four times, three times without a prefixed ‫ו‬, and once with a prefixed ‫( ו‬here); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §15, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §16.

The other is in a list of words that occur beginning with ‫ות‬, once as a ‫ ו‬consec. (here), and once as a ‫ ו‬cj. (Isa 50:2); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §50, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §51.

JUDGES

341

JUDGES 20:6 ‫ל־שׂ ֵ ֖דה נַ ֲח ַל֣ת יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל ִ ֥כּי ָﬠ ֛שׂוּ זִ ָ ֥מּה וּנְ ָב ָל֖ה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ‫שׁי ָו ֲֽאנַ ְתּ ֶ֔ח ָה ָו ֲֽא ַשׁ ְלּ ֶ֔ח ָה ְבּ ָכ‬ ֙ ִ ְ‫ָ ֽוא ֵ ֹ֤חז ְבּ ִ ֽפ ַילג‬ 20:6

‫וָ א ֵֹחז‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec. (I took hold of), to distinguish it from its sole occurrence without a ‫א ֵֹחז( ו‬, a ptcp. holding) at 2 Chr 25:5. 20:6

‫וָ ֲאנַ ְתּ ֶח ָה‬

Unique 20:6

‫̇ל‬ ‫וָ ֲא ַשׁ ְלּ ֶח ָה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp Mp

JUDGES 20:8 ‫יתוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫מר ֤ל ֹא נֵ ֵל ֙� ִ ֣אישׁ ְל ָא ֳה ֔לוֹ וְ ֥ל ֹא נָ ֖סוּר ִ ֥אישׁ ְל ֵב‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ל־ה ֔ ָﬠם ְכּ ִ ֥אישׁ ֶא ָ ֖חד ֵלא‬ ָ ‫וַ ָ֨יּ ָק ֙ם ָכּ‬ 20:8

‫ְכּ ִאישׁ‬

Twenty times 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20

‫̇כ‬

Mp

Num 14:15; Judg 6:16; 20:1; 20:8; 20:11 1 Sam 11:7; 2 Sam 19:15; Isa 42:13; 66:13; Jer 6:23 Jer 14:9; 23:9; 50:42; Zech 4:1; Ps 38:15 Prov 6:11; 24:34; Ezra 3:1; Neh 7:2; 8:1

——————————

342

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ ְכּ ִאישׁ‬twenty times 1–5

6–10

11–15

16–20

‫כאיש ̇כ‬

Num 14:15 Judg 6:16 Judg 20:1 Judg 20:8 Judg 20:11 1 Sam 11:7 2 Sam 19:15 Isa 42:13 Isa 66:13 Jer 6:23 Jer 14:9 Jer 23:9

Zech 4:1 Ps 38:15 Prov 6:11

Ezra 3:1 Neh 7:2 Neh 8:1

Mm ‫והמתה את העם הזה‬ [‫)והבית( ]והכית‬ ‫ותקהל‬ ‫ויקם כל‬ ‫ויאסף‬ ‫צמד‬ [‫)וישם( ]ויט‬ [‫)גבור( ]כגבור[ )יצוא( ]יצא‬ ‫אשר אמו תנחמנו‬ ‫קשת וכידון‬ ‫כאיש נדהם‬ ‫)לנביאים( ]לנבאים[ נשבר לב בקרבי‬ ‫ויעירני כאיש אשר‬ ‫ואהי כאיש אשר‬ ‫ובא כמהלך ראשך‬ ‫ויגע החדש‬ ‫ואצוה את חנני‬ ‫ויאספו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the twenty occurrences of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫כ‬, possibly to distinguish them from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫)כּ ִאישׁ‬ ָ at Judg 8:21.

JUDGES 20:9 ‫גוֹרל׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫יה ְבּ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֕תּה ֶז֣ה ַה ָדּ ָ֔בר ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר נַ ֲﬠ ֶ ֖שׂה ַלגִּ ְב ָ ֑ﬠה ָﬠ ֶ ֖ל‬ 20:9 Four times

‫גוֹרל‬ ָ ‫ְבּ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Josh 14:2 (‫ ;) ְבּגוֹ ַרל‬19:51; Judg 20:9; Mic 2:5

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences, apart from Numbers, of this lemma with the indef. prep. ‫ ְבּ‬to distinguish them from its seven occurrences with the def. prep. ‫ ;) ַבּגּוֹ ָרל( ַבּ‬see Josh 21:6.

JUDGES

343

JUDGES 20:10 ‫וּמ ָ ֤אה ָל ֶ֨א ֶל ֙ף וְ ֶ ֣א ֶלף ָל ְר ָב ָ֔בה ָל ַ ֥ ק ַחת ֵצ ָ ֖דה ָל ָ ֑ﬠם‬ ֵ ‫וְ ָל ַ ֣ ק ְחנוּ ֲﬠ ָשׂ ָר ֩ה ֲאנָ ִ֨שׁים ַל ֵמּ ָ֜אה ְל ֣כֹל ׀ ִשׁ ְב ֵ ֣טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל‬ ‫ל־הנְּ ָב ֔ ָלה ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר ָﬠ ָ ֖שׂה ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ַ֨ ‫בוֹא ֙ם ְל ֶג ַ֣בע ִבּנְ יָ ִ֔מן ְכּ ָכ‬ ָ ‫ַל ֲﬠ ֗שׂוֹת ְל‬ 20:10

‫ַל ֵמּ ָאה‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words beginning with a ‫ ל‬and vowel that only occur once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §26, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §27. 20:10

‫ָל ֶא ֶלף‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:10; Isa 60:22

——————————

‫ ָל ֶא ֶלף‬twice, and their references Judg 20:10

‫לאלף ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ומאה לאלף ואלף לרבבה לקחת צדה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫ל‬,ָ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the indef. prep. ‫)ל ֶא ֶלף( ְל‬. ְ

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets that begin with ‫ ל‬and a vowel; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §28, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §29. This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 148v, but the Mm note appears on the bottom of the following folio 149r. 20:10

Unique

‫ָל ְר ָב ָבה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words beginning with a ‫ ל‬and vowel that only occur once; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §26, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §27.

344

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:10

‫ֵצ ָדה‬

Three times defective

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Com.: See Judg 7:8. 20:10

‫בוֹאם‬ ָ ‫ְל‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

20:10

‫ְלגֶ ַבע ִבּנְ יָ ִמן‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 20:10; Ezra 3:8

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the prep. ‫ל‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with the prep. ‫ ) ְבּגֶ ַבע ִבּנְ יָ ִמן( ב‬at 1 Sam 13:16.

JUDGES 20:11 ‫ל־ה ֔ ִﬠיר ְכּ ִ ֥אישׁ ֶא ָ ֖חד ֲח ֵב ִ ֽרים׃ פ‬ ָ ‫ל־אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶא‬ ֤ ִ ‫וַ ֵיּ ָֽא ֵ֞סף ָכּ‬ 20:11

‫וַ יֵּ ָא ֵ֞סף‬

Three times 1–2

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Num 11:30; Judg 20:11

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma as correctly noted here by MC and MA, and in ML in the Mp heading at Num 11:30.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma accented milraʿ, to distinguish them from its five occurrences accented milʿêl (e.g., ‫)וַ יֵּ ָ ֖א ֶסף‬.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words only occurring twice that commence with ‫ ;וי‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §68, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §69.

JUDGES 20:11

‫ְכּ ִאישׁ‬

Twenty times

‫̇כ‬

345

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 20:8. 20:11

‫ֲח ֵב ִרים‬

Twice: ‫יּוֹשׁ ֶבת ַבּגַּ נִּ ים‬ ֶ ‫ַה‬

Judg 20:11; Cant 8:13

‫̇ב הישבת בגנים‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a qameṣ (‫ ֲח ָב ִרים‬of Ps 58:6, and ‫ַח ָבּ ִרים‬ of Job 40:30); see Ginsburg, 4, ‫ח‬, §28. The Mp heading here adds catchwords ‫יּוֹשׁ ֶבת ַבּגַּ נִּ ים( הישבת בגנים‬ ֶ ‫ ) ַה‬to refer the reader to Cant 8:13.

JUDGES 20:12 ‫יְתה ָבּ ֶ ֽכם׃‬ ֖ ָ ‫מר ָ ֚מה ָה ָר ָﬠ֣ה ַה ֔זּ ֹאת ֲא ֶ ֥שׁר נִ ְה‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ל־שׁ ְב ֵ ֥טי ִבנְ יָ ִ ֖מן ֵלא‬ ִ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְשׁ ְל ֞חוּ ִשׁ ְב ֵ ֤טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֲאנָ ִ֔שׁים ְבּ ָכ‬ 20:12

‫ִשׁ ְב ֵטי ִבנְ יָ ִמן‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:12; 1 Sam 9:21

——————————

‫ ִשׁ ְב ֵטי ִבנְ יָ ִמן‬twice, and their references

Judg 20:12 1 Sam 9:21

‫וישלחו שבטי ישראל‬ ‫ומשפחתי הצערה‬

‫שבטי בנימן ̇ב וסימנהון‬

Mm

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ִבּנְ יָ ִמן‬with ‫שׁ ְב ֵטי‬, ִ to distinguish them from its three occurrences with ‫יָמן( ֵשׁ ֶבט‬ ִ ְ‫) ֵשׁ ֶבט ִבּנ‬.

346

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 20:13 ‫יתם וּנְ ַב ֲﬠ ָ ֥רה ָר ָ ֖ﬠה ִמיִּ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל‬ ֵ֔ ‫ֽי־ב ִל ַ֜יּ ַﬠל ֲא ֶ ֤שׁר ַבּגִּ ְב ָﬠ ֙ה וּנְ ִמ‬ ְ ‫ת־ה ֲאנָ ִ֨שׁים ְבּ ֵנ‬ ָ ‫וְ ַﬠ ָ֡תּה ְתּנוּ֩ ֶא‬ ‫יהם ְבּ ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֥ ֶ ‫מ ַ� ְבּ ֖קוֹל ֲא ֵח‬ ֹ ֕ ‫יָמן ִל ְשׁ‬ ִ֔ ְ‫בוּ ְא ֵ ֣א ִבּנ‬ ֙ ‫וְ ֤ל ֹא ָא‬ 20:13 Unique 20:13

‫וּנְ ַב ֲﬠ ָרה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ְא ֵ ֣א‬

‫ ְבּנֵ י‬is read but not written —————————— Read ‫ְבּנֵ י‬

‫בני ̇ק‬

‫כת‬ ̇ ‫קר ולא‬ ̇ ‫בני‬

Mp1

Mp2

Com.: There are two Mp notes here. One states that ‫ ְבּנֵ י‬is read but not written. The other is a regular qərê directing a reading of ‫בּנֵ י‬.ְ

In ML the vowels, but not the consonants, of the word ‫ ְבּנֵ י‬are written, and this is one of ten cases where words are read though not written; see the Mm to Jer 50:29 sub ‫לה‬,ָ the Mm to Ruth 3:5 sub ‫א ַלי‬, ֵ Frensdorff, Ochlah, §97, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §80. There is also another tradition that knows of eleven cases of this phenomenon; see Martín-Contreras, “The Phenomenon,” 77–87.

In ML this lemma has no circellus.

JUDGES 20:14 ‫ם־בּ ֵנ֥י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ‫ן־ה ָﬠ ִ ֖רים ַהגִּ ְב ָ ֑ﬠ ָתה ָל ֵ ֥צאת ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ִﬠ‬ ֶ ‫ֽי־בנְ יָ ִ ֛מן ִמ‬ ִ ‫וַ יֵּ ָא ְס ֧פוּ ְב ֵנ‬ 20:14 Three times

‫ן־ה ָﬠ ִרים‬ ֶ ‫ִמ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 4:42; Judg 20:14; 2 Chr 15:8 (‫ן־ה ָﬠ ִרים‬ ֶ ‫)וּמ‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ ֶה ָﬠ ִרים‬with the separable prep. ‫מן‬, ִ to distinguish them from its four occurrences with the inseparable prep. ‫)מ ֶה ָﬠ ִרים( מ‬, ֵ one of which is in v. 15.

JUDGES

347

JUDGES 20:15 ‫הוּא ֵמ ֶ ֣ה ָﬠ ִ ֔רים ֶﬠ ְשׂ ִ ֨רים וְ ִשׁ ָ ֥שּׁה ֶ ֛א ֶלף ִ ֖אישׁ ֣שׁ ֹ ֵלֽף ָ ֑ח ֶרב ֠ ְל ַבד ִמיּ ְֹשׁ ֵב֤י‬ ֙ ‫יָמן ַבּיּ֤ וֹם ַה‬ ִ֜ ְ‫וַ יִּ ְת ָ ֽפּ ְקדוּ֩ ְב ֵ֨ני ִבנ‬ ‫ַהגִּ ְב ָﬠ ֙ה ִה ְת ָפּ ְ֣ק ֔דוּ ְשׁ ַ ֥בע ֵמ ֖אוֹת ִ ֥אישׁ ָבּ ֽחוּר׃‬ 20:15

‫וַ יִּ ְת ָפּ ְקדוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the pl., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the sg. (‫ )וַ יִּ ְת ָפּ ֵקד‬at Judg 21:9. 20:15

‫ֵמ ֶה ָﬠ ִרים‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Josh 20:4; Judg 20:15; 20:42; Ezek 25:9 ——————————

‫ ֵמ ֶה ָﬠ ִרים‬four times, and their references Josh 20:4 Judg 20:15 Judg 20:42 Ezek 25:9

‫מהערים ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫ונס אל אחת‬ ‫ויתפקדו‬ ‫ואשר‬ ‫את כתף מואב‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the inseparable prep. ‫מ‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the separable prep. ‫ִמן־( ִמן‬ ‫;)ה ָﬠ ִרים‬ ֶ see above at v. 14. 20:15

Three times

‫ִמיּ ְֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 20:15; 21:9 (‫יּוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫;)מ‬ ִ 21:12 (‫יּוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫)מ‬ ִ

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫ו‬ (Judg 21:9 and 12), and once written defective ‫( ו‬here).

348

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:15

‫ִה ְת ָפּ ְקדוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:15; 20;17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ḥîreq under the ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences with a qameṣ (‫;)ה ְת ָפּ ְקדוּ‬ ָ see 1 Kgs 20:27. The Mp heading at Judg 20:17 (see directly below) mistakenly reads unique.

JUDGES 20:16 ‫ל־ה ַשּׂ ֲﬠ ָ ֖רה וְ ֥ל ֹא‬ ֽ ַ ‫ל־זה ק ֵֹל ַ֧� ָבּ ֶ ֛א ֶבן ֶא‬ ֶ֗ ‫ד־יְמינ֑ וֹ ָכּ‬ ִ ַ‫אוֹת ִ ֣אישׁ ָבּ ֔חוּר ִא ֵ ֖טּר י‬ ֙ ‫ִמ ֣כֹּל ׀ ָה ָﬠ֣ם ַה ֶ֗זּה ְשׁ ַ ֤בע ֵמ‬ ‫יַ ֲח ִ ֽטא׃ פ‬ 20:16

‫ִא ֵטּר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

20:16

�ַ ‫ק ֵֹל‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 3:15. Twice, once defective and once plene Judg 20:16; Jer 10:18 (�ַ ‫)קוֹל‬ ֵ

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫חס וחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ב חד‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, once written defective ‫ו‬ (here), and once written plene ‫( ו‬Jer 10:18).

JUDGES 20:17 ‫ל־ז֖ה ִ ֥אישׁ ִמ ְל ָח ָ ֽמה׃‬ ֶ ‫יָמן ַא ְר ַ֨בּע ֵמ ֥אוֹת ֶ ֛א ֶלף ִ ֖אישׁ ֣שׁ ֹ ֵלֽף ָ ֑ח ֶרב ָכּ‬ ִ֔ ְ‫וְ ִ֨אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ִה ְת ָ ֽפּ ְק ֗דוּ ְל ַב ֙ד ִמ ִבּנ‬ 20:17 Unique

‫ִה ְת ָפּ ְקדוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are two occurrences of this lemma; see directly above at Judg 20:15. MA correctly reads here twice, but MC has no note.

JUDGES

349

JUDGES 20:18 ‫ה־לּ֣נוּ ַב ְתּ ִח ֔ ָלּה ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ִﬠם־‬ ָ ‫רוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ִ ֚מי יַ ֲﬠ ֶל‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫ם וַ ֽיּ‬ ֒ ‫א�הי‬ ִ ‫ית־א ֮ל וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאל֣ וּ ֵב‬ ֵ ‫וַ יָּ ֻ ֜קמוּ וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ֵ ֽב‬ ‫הוּדה ַב ְתּ ִח ָ ֽלּה׃‬ ֥ ָ ְ‫הו֖ה י‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫יָמן וַ ֥יּ‬ ֑ ִ ְ‫ְבּ ֵנ֣י ִבנ‬ 20:18

‫א�הים‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאלוּ ֵב‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 18:5 (‫ ;) ְשׁאַל נָ א‬20:18; 1 Sam 14:37 (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁאַל ָשׁאוּל‬ 1 Sam 22:13 (‫ ;)וְ ָשׁאוֹל לוֹ‬22:15 (‫)ל ְשׁ ָאל־לוֹ‬ ִ 1 Chr 14:10 (‫ ;)וַ יִּ ְשׁאַל ָדּוִ יד‬14:14 (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁאַל עוֹד ָדּוִ יד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of ‫ ָשׁאַל‬in various forms with ‫א�הים‬ ִ ‫בּ‬,ֵ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (12x) with ‫ ַבּיהוָ ה‬, one of which is in v. 23 (‫)וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאלוּ ַביהוָ ה‬.

ִ ‫ ֵבּ‬but, since this form appears more In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫א�הים‬ than seven times, it is most likely that, as in MA, the note refers to this lemma, which only occurs seven times.

JUDGES 20:19 ‫ל־הגִּ ְב ָ ֽﬠה׃ פ‬ ַ ‫וַ יָּ ֥קוּמוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַבּ ֑בֹּ ֶקר וַ ַיּ ֲֽחנ֖ וּ ַﬠ‬ 20:19

‫וַ יָּ קוּמוּ‬

Nine times plene 1–5 6–9

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 24:54; Num 22:14; Judg 20:19; 1 Sam 23:24; 31:12 2 Kgs 7:7; Ezra 1:5; Neh 9:3; 1 Chr 10:12

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine occurrences of this lemma written first ‫ ו‬plene, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (27x) written defective first ‫ו‬ (‫)וַ יָּ ֻקמוּ‬.

ML, contrary to M (‫)וַ יָּ ֻקמוּ‬, has a tenth occurrence of this lemma since it writes the form at 2 Kgs 7:5 plene; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 123 and 398. Nevertheless, this verse is not included in the Mm lists in ML on this lemma at 1 Sam 23:24 and Ezra 1:5, and all the Mp headings highlighted above read nine times, thus supporting the enumeration inherent in the text of M.

350

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:19

‫ל־הגִּ ְב ָﬠה‬ ַ ‫ַﬠ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:19; Isa 30:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of ‫ ַהגִּ ְב ָﬠה‬with ‫ﬠל‬,ַ to distinguish them from its five occurrences with ‫) ֶאל ַהגִּ ְב ָﬠה( ֶאל‬.

JUDGES 20:20 ‫ל־הגִּ ְב ָ ֽﬠה׃‬ ַ ‫יָמן וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְר ֨כוּ ִא ָ ֧תּם ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ִמ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ֶא‬ ֑ ִ ְ‫ם־בּנ‬ ִ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵצ ֙א ִ ֣אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ִﬠ‬ 20:20

‫ִא ָתּם‬

Thirty-six times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–37

Mp

̇‫̇לו‬

Gen 7:13; 11:31; 14:8; 23:8; 34:8 Gen 40:4; 42:7; 43:16; Exod 6:4; 12:38 Exod 34:33; Lev 16:16; 26:39; 26:44; Num 22:20 Num 32:19; Deut 28:69; Josh 22:15; Judg 20:20; 1 Sam 25:15 2 Sam 12:17; 1 Kgs 20:23; 2 Kgs 6:4; 17:35; 22:7 Isa 14:20; 30:8; 60:9; 65:23; Jer. 27:18 Ezek 30:5; 34:30; 38:5; Prov 1:15; 24:1 Dan 1:19; 2 Chr. 22:12

Com.: The Mp heading here of thirty-six times is incorrect since there are thirty-seven occurrences of this lemma as noted in all the other Mp headings highlighted above.

The Masorah notes the thirty-seven occurrences of this lemma with a ḥîreq under the ‫א‬ (a prep.), to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (200+) with a ḥolem on the ‫א ָֹתם( א‬, an accusative marker). Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 20:22 ‫אשׁוֹן׃‬ ֽ ‫ר־ﬠ ְרכוּ ָ ֖שׁם ַבּיּ֥ וֹם ָה ִר‬ ֥ ָ ‫פוּ ַל ֲﬠ ֣ר ֹ� ִמ ְל ָח ָ֔מה ַבּ ָמּ ֕קוֹם ֲא ֶשׁ‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַח ֵזּ֥ק ָה ָ ֖ﬠם ִ ֣אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֑אל וַ יּ ִֹ֨ס‬ 20:22

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַחזֵּ ק‬

Eight times 1–5 6–8

‫̇ח‬

Mp

Gen 48:2; Judg 20:22; 1 Sam 30:6; 2 Chr 1:1; 12:13 2 Chr 13:21; 17:1; 27:6

JUDGES

351

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma with a ṣerê under the ‫ז‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a paṯaḥ (‫ )וַ יִּ ְת ַחזַּ ק‬at 2 Chr 21:4 and 32:5. This distinction is implied in the Mp headings at 2 Chr 12:13 and 17:1, which read eight times with a ṣerê (‫)ח‬ ֵ֗ assuming a contrast with another vowel, which can only be a paṯaḥ.

JUDGES 20:23 ‫אוֹסיף ָל ֨ ֶג ֶשׁ ֙ת ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ֔מה‬ ִ֗ ‫מר ַה‬ ֹ ֔ ‫ד־ה ֶﬠ ֶר ֒ב וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאל֤ וּ ַ ֽביהוָ ֙ה ֵלא‬ ָ ‫יִּב ֣כּוּ ִל ְפ ֵנֽי־יְ הוָ ֮ה ַﬠ‬ ְ ַ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ו‬ ‫הו֖ה ֲﬠל֥ וּ ֵא ָ ֽליו׃ פ‬ ָ ְ‫אמר י‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ם־בּ ֵנ֥י ִבנְ יָ ִ ֖מן ָא ִ ֑חי וַ ֥יּ‬ ְ ‫ִﬠ‬ 20:23

‫אוֹסיף‬ ִ ‫ַה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:23; 20:28 (‫אוֹסף‬ ִ ‫)ה‬ ַ

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma written plene and defective ‫ י‬with the interrog. ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (10x) without this interrogative.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §65. 20:23

‫ָלגֶ ֶשׁת ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 20:25 ‫ן־הגִּ ְב ָﬠ ֮ה ַבּיּ֣ וֹם ַה ֵשּׁנִ י֒ וַ יַּ ְשׁ ִחיתוּ֩ ִב ְב ֵ֨ני יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל ֗עוֹד ְשׁמ ַֹ֨נת ָﬠ ָ ֥שׂר ֶ ֛א ֶלף‬ ַ ‫אתם ׀ ִ ֽמ‬ ֥ ָ ‫וַ יֵּ ֵצ ֩א ִבנְ יָ ִ֨מן ׀ ִל ְק ָר‬ ‫ל־א ֶלּה ֥שׁ ֹ ְל ֵפי ָ ֽח ֶרב׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ִ ֖אישׁ ָ ֑א ְר ָצה ָכּ‬ 20:25 Unique

‫ְשׁמֹנַ ת ָﬠ ָשׂר‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ ָﬠ ָשׂר‬with ‫( ְשׁמֹנַ ת‬cstr.), to distinguish it from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with ‫( ְשׁמֹנָ ה‬absol. ‫) ְשׁמֹנָ ה ָﬠ ָשׂר‬, one of which is in v. 44. 20:25

Unique

‫שׁ ְֹל ֵפי ָח ֶרב‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

352

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 20:26 ‫יּוֹם־ה ֖הוּא‬ ַ ‫הוה וַ יָּ ֥צוּמוּ ַב‬ ָ֔ ְ‫כּוּ וַ ֵיּ ְ֤שׁבוּ ָשׁ ֙ם ִל ְפ ֵנ֣י י‬ ֙ ‫יִּב‬ ְ ַ‫ית־אל ו‬ ֵ֗ ‫ל־ה ֜ ָﬠם וַ יָּ ֣בֹאוּ ֵ ֽב‬ ָ ‫ל־בּנֵ י֩ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֨אל וְ ָכ‬ ְ ‫וַ יַּ ֲﬠל֣ וּ ָכ‬ ‫הוֽה׃‬ ָ ְ‫וּשׁ ָל ִ ֖מים ִל ְפ ֵנ֥י י‬ ְ ‫ד־ה ָ ֑ﬠ ֶרב ַוֽ יַּ ֲﬠל֛ וּ עֹל֥ וֹת‬ ָ ‫ַﬠ‬ 20:26

‫וַ יָּ צוּמוּ‬

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 20:26; 1 Sam 7:6; 1 Chr 10:12 ——————————

‫ וַ יָּ צוּמוּ‬three times plene, and their references

Judg 20:26 1 Sam 7:6 ‫ל־אישׁ‬ ִ ‫ וַ יָּ קוּמוּ ָכּ‬of Chronicles (1 Chr 10:12)

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫ויצומו ̇ג‬

Mm

‫ויעלו כל >בני< ישראל‬ ‫ויקבצו המצפתה‬ ‫דדבר ימים‬ ̇ ‫ויקומו כל איש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences written defective ‫)וַ יָּ ֻצמוּ( ו‬.

This distinction is implied in the additional notation in the Mm of Chronicles to the 1 Chr 10:12 reference, which distinguishes it from its parallel passage in 1 Sam 31:12– 13, where the lemma occurs as ‫וַ יָּ ֻצמוּ‬.

JUDGES 20:27 ‫�הים ַבּיָּ ִ ֖מים ָה ֵ ֽהם׃‬ ִ֔ ‫רוֹן ְבּ ִ ֣רית ָה ֱא‬ ֙ ‫יהו֑ה וְ ָ֗שׁם ֲא‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ֲאל֥ וּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַ ֽבּ‬ 20:27 Unique 1–4

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ֲארוֹן ְבּ ִרית ָה ֱא‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Judg 20:27; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 15:24; 1 Chr 16:6

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are four occurrences of this lemma as corrrectly indicated in MA here, in the Mp headings at 2 Sam 15:24 and 1 Chr 16:6, and in the heading and lists of the Mm of 1 Chr 16:6. MC has no note here. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book.

JUDGES

353

The Masorah notes the four occurrences of the phrase ‫ ֲארוֹן ְבּ ִרית‬with ‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ ָה ֱא‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (24x) with ‫ֲארוֹן ְבּ ִרית( יְ הוָ ה‬ ‫)יְ הוָ ה‬.

The Mp heading at 1 Sam 4:4, which reads three times, is inexact. It should have read three times in the Prophets.

JUDGES 20:28 ‫אוֹסף ֜עוֹד ָל ֵ ֧צאת ַל ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֛מה ִﬠם־‬ ִ֨ ‫מר֒ ַה‬ ֹ ‫ן־א ֲה ֜ר ֹן ע ֵֹמ֣ד ׀ ְל ָפ ָ֗ניו ַבּיָּ ִ ֣מים ָה ֵה ֮ם ֵלא‬ ַ ‫ן־א ְל ָﬠ ָ֨זר ֶ ֽבּ‬ ֶ ‫וּ ִ֠פינְ ָחס ֶבּ‬ ‫אמר יְ הוָ ֙ה ֲﬠ ֔לוּ ִ ֥כּי ָמ ָ ֖חר ֶא ְתּ ֶנ֥נּוּ ְביָ ֶ ֽד�׃‬ ֶ ֹ ‫ם־א ְח ָ ֑דּל וַ ֤יּ‬ ֶ ‫ֽי־בנְ יָ ִ ֥מן ָא ִ ֖חי ִא‬ ִ ‫ְבּ ֵנ‬ 20:28

‫אוֹסף‬ ִ ‫ַה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 20:23.

JUDGES 20:31 ‫כּוֹת ֵמ ָה ֨ ָﬠם ֲח ָל ֜ ִלים ְכּ ַפ ַ֣ﬠם ׀ ְבּ ֗ ַפ ַﬠם‬ ֩ ‫ן־ה ִ ֑ﬠיר וַ יָּ ֵ֡חלּוּ ְל ַה‬ ָ ‫מן ִל ְק ַ ֣ראת ָה ֔ ָﬠם ָהנְ ְתּ ֖קוּ ִמ‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ֽי־בנְ י‬ ִ ‫וַ יֵּ ְצ ֤אוּ ְב ֵנ‬ ‫�שׁים ִ ֖אישׁ ְבּיִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ֥ ִ ‫ית־אל וְ ַא ַ ֤חת גִּ ְב ֨ ָﬠ ָת ֙ה ַבּ ָשּׂ ֶ ֔דה ִכּ ְשׁ‬ ֵ֗ ‫לּוֹת ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ַא ַ֜חת ע ָֹל֣ה ֵ ֽב‬ ֙ ‫ַ ֽבּ ְמ ִס‬ 20:31 Unique 20:31

Four times

‫ָהנְ ְתּקוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬ ‫וַ יָּ ֵחלּוּ‬ ‫̇ד‬

Mp Mp

Judg 20:31; Ezek 9:6; Hos 8:10; 2 Chr 29:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma (hiphil of ‫)ח ַלל‬ ָ with the ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its three occurrences with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫וְ יִ ֲחלוּ‬/‫וְ יִ ֵחלוּ‬, piel of ‫)יָ ַחל‬.

354

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:31

‫ַבּ ְמ ִסלּוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:31; 20:45

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫ב‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences without this prep. (‫)מ ִסלּוֹת‬. ְ 20:31

‫גִּ ְב ָﬠ ָתה‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:31; 1 Sam 10:26

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without the def. article, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (5x) with the def. article, two of which occur in vv. 4 and 14. 20:31

Three times

‫�שׁים ִאישׁ‬ ִ ‫ִכּ ְשׁ‬ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 20:31; 20:39: 1 Sam 9:22 (‫)* ִכּ ְשׁ� ִשׁם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma in various forms with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence without this prep. at Judg 14:19.

* ML, contrary to M (‫�שׁם‬ ִ ‫)כּ ְשׁ‬, ִ writes the form at 1 Sam 9:22 plene ‫�שׁים( י‬ ִ ‫)כּ ְשׁ‬ ִ despite the fact that the Mp heading there reads unique defective (‫ ;)י‬see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 71.

JUDGES

355

JUDGES 20:32 ‫ן־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ֶאל־‬ ָ ‫וּס ֙ה וּֽ נְ ַת ְקּ ֔ ֻנהוּ ִמ‬ ָ ֨‫וּב ֵנ֧י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֣אל ָא ְמ ֗רוּ נָ נ‬ ְ ‫יָמן נִ גָּ ִ ֥פים ֵ ֛הם ְל ָפ ֵנ֖ינוּ ְכּ ָב ִראשׁ ָֹנ֑ה‬ ִ֔ ְ‫רוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ִבנ‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֽיּ‬ ‫ַ ֽה ְמ ִס ֽלּוֹת׃‬ 20:32

‫ְכּ ָב ִראשׁ ֹנָ ה‬

Five times

‫̇ה‬

Mp

Judg 20:32; 1 Kgs 13:6; Isa 1:26; Jer 33:7; 33:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the prep. ‫כ‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (14x) without this preposition. 20:32

Unique

‫נוּסה‬ ָ ָ‫נ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with the cohortative ‫ה‬, to distinguish it from its two occurrences without this cohortative (‫ )נָ נוּס‬at 2 Sam 18:3 and Isa 30:16. 20:32

Unique

‫וּנְ ַת ְקּנֻ הוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 20:33 ‫ה־ג ַבע׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫קוֹמוֹ וַ יַּ ַﬠ ְר ֖כוּ ְבּ ַ ֣ב ַﬠל ָתּ ָ ֑מר וְ א ֵ ֹ֧רב יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֛אל ֵמ ִג ַ֥י� ִמ ְמּק ֹ֖מוֹ ִמ ַ ֽמּ ֲﬠ ֵר‬ ֔ ‫וְ ֣כֹל ׀ ִ ֣אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֗אל ָ ֚קמוּ ִמ ְמּ‬ 20:33

‫וְ כֹל ׀ ִאישׁ‬

Seventeen times

1–5 6–10 11–15 16

̇‫י̇ ז‬

Mp

Exod 35:22; 35:23; 36:1; Judg 3:29; 20:33 1 Sam 14:22; 17:19; 17:24; 22:2a; 22:2b 2 Sam 16:18; 17:14; 17:24; 2 Kgs 23:2; Ezek 39:20 2 Chr 34:30

——————————

356

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

‫ וְ כֹל ׀ ִאישׁ‬sixteen times 1–5

6–10

11–15

16

[ ̇‫וכל איש )י̇ ז̇ ( ]י̇ ו‬

Exod 35:22 Exod 35:23 Exod 36:1 Judg 3:29 Judg 20:33 2 Kgs 23:2 And its companion (2 Chr 34:30) 1 Sam 17:19 1 Sam 14:22 1 Sam 17:24 1 Sam 22:2a Twice in the verse (1 Sam 22:2b) 2 Sam 17:14 2 Sam 17:24 2 Sam 16:18 Ezek 39:20

Mm ‫אשר הניף‬ ‫אשר נמצא‬ ‫חכם‬ ‫כל שמן וכל‬ [‫קמו )ממקמו( ]ממקומו‬ ‫ויעל המלך‬ ‫וחבירו‬ ‫ושאול והמה‬ ‫המתחבאים בהר אפרים‬ ‫בראותם את‬ ‫ויתקבצו אליו‬ ‫שנים בפסוק‬ ‫ויאמר אבשלום‬ ‫מחנימה‬ ‫ויאמר חושי‬ ‫ושבעתם‬

Com.: The Mp heading here of seventeen is incorrect since there are only sixteen occurrences of this lemma. The error is probably a graphic one confusing ‫ ז‬seven with ‫ ו‬six.

The Masorah notes the sixteen occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (39x) without a cj.

Six of the Mp headings highlighted above, and the Mm heading here, read seventeen times (Judg 3:29, 20:33, 1 Sam 14:22, 17:19, 17:24 and 2 Sam 16:18), whereas only three Mp headings, and the Mm heading at 2 Chr 34:30 read sixteen times (2 Sam 17:14, Ezek 39:20 and 2 Chr 34:30). MA correctly reads here sixteen times, but MC has no note. 20:33

�‫ֵמגִ ַי‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES

357

JUDGES 20:34 ‫חוּר ִמ ָכּל־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל וְ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ָכּ ֵב ָ֑דה וְ ֵה ֙ם ֣ל ֹא יָ ְד ֔עוּ ִ ֽכּי־‬ ֙ ‫וַ יָּ בֹאוּ֩ ִמ ֶ֨נּגֶ ד ַלגִּ ְב ֜ ָﬠה ֲﬠ ֶשׂ ֶר ֩ת ֲא ָל ִ֨פים ִ ֤אישׁ ָבּ‬ ‫יהם ָה ָר ָ ֽﬠה׃ פ‬ ֖ ֶ ‫נ ַֹג ַ֥ﬠת ֲﬠ ֵל‬ 20:34

‫וְ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬

‫ וְ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬three times Judg 20:34 Judg 20:42 1 Sam 14:23

Mm

‫והמלחמה ̇ג‬

‫כבדה והם לא‬ ‫הדביקתהו‬ [‫עב( ]עברה‬ ̇ ) ‫והמחמה‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (69x) without a cj. 20:34

Unique

‫ָכּ ֵב ָ֑דה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in two Masoretic lists. One is in a list of hapax legomena that are accented milʿêl; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §32, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §33.

The other is in a list of hapax legomena pairings from its same stem, one of which occurs in the Torah, one in the Prophets, and one in the Writings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §56, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §57.

JUDGES 20:36 ‫ל־הא ֵ ֹ֔רב ֲא ֶשׁר ָ ֖שׂמוּ ֶאל־‬ ֣ ָ ‫חוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫קוֹם ְל ִבנְ יָ ִ֔מן ִ ֤כּי ָ ֽב ְט‬ ֙ ‫ֽי־בנְ יָ ִ ֖מן ִ ֣כּי נִ ָגּ֑פוּ וַ יִּ ְתּנ֨ וּ ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֤אל ָמ‬ ִ ‫וַ יִּ ְר ֥אוּ ְב ֵנ‬ ‫ַהגִּ ְב ָ ֽﬠה׃‬ 20:36

‫נִ גָּ פוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a qameṣ under the ‫ג‬ (pausal), to distinguish it from its three occurrences with a šəwâ (‫נִ גְּ פוּ‬, non-pausal).

358

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

20:36

‫ָב ְטחוּ ֶאל‬

Ten times 1–5 6–10

̇‫י‬

Mp

Judg 20:36; 2 Kgs 18:22; 18:30; Isa 36:7; 36:15 Jer 7:4; Ps 4:6; 31:7; Prov 3:5; Qoh 9:4

Com.: The Masorah notes the ten occurrences of this lemma of the verb ‫ ָבּ ַטח‬in various forms with ‫אל‬, ֶ to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences of this verb in various forms with ‫ ַ;ﬠל‬see the Mm to MA here, and Mikraʾot Gedolot ‘Haketer’, Joshua-Judges, 174–75.

JUDGES 20:37 ‫י־ח ֶרב׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫ל־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ְל ִפ‬ ָ ‫ת־כּ‬ ָ ‫ל־הגִּ ְב ָ ֑ﬠה וַ יִּ ְמשׁ ֹ֙� ָהא ֵ ֹ֔רב וַ ַיּ֥ � ֶא‬ ַ ‫וְ ָהא ֵ ֹ֣רב ֵה ִ֔חישׁוּ ַוֽ יִּ ְפ ְשׁ ֖טוּ ֶא‬ 20:37

‫ֵה ִחישׁוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 20:38 ‫ן־ה ִ ֽﬠיר׃‬ ָ ‫לוֹתם ַמ ְשׂ ַ ֥את ֶה ָﬠ ָ ֖שׁן ִמ‬ ֛ ָ ‫ם־הא ֵ ֹ֑רב ֶ֕ה ֶרב ְל ַה ֲﬠ‬ ָ ‫מּוֹﬠד ָה ָי֛ה ְל ִ ֥אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ִﬠ‬ ֵ ֗ ‫וְ ַה‬ 20:38

‫מּוֹﬠד‬ ֵ ‫וְ ַה‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

20:38

‫ֶה ֶרב‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish it from its three occurrences without a cj. Mp

Judg 20:38; Ps 51:4 (qərê)

——————————

JUDGES ‫ ֶה ֶרב‬twice

Judg 20:38 Ps 51:4

359

Mm

‫הרב ̇ב‬

‫העשן מן העיר‬ ‫כבסני מעוני ומחטאתי‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (45x) of its longer form (‫;)ה ְר ֵבּה‬ ַ see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §22F. 20:38

‫ַמ ְשׂאַת‬

‫ ַמ ְשׂאַת‬six times 1–5

6

Gen 43:34 Judg 20:38 2 Sam 11:8 2 Chr 24:9 2 Chr 24:6 Ps 141:2

̇‫משאת ו‬

Mm

‫ותרב משאת בנימן‬ ‫הרב להעלותם משאת‬ ‫ותצא אחריו משאת‬ ‫ויתנו קול ביהודה‬ ‫ויקרא המלך‬ ‫תכון תפלתי קטרת‬

And once (‫)וּמ ְשׂאַת‬: ַ Amos 5:11

‫וחד ומשאת בר תקחו ממנו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma with a paṯaḥ under the ‫א‬, to distinguish them from its three occurrences with a ṣerê (‫)מ ְשׂ ֵאת‬. ַ

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫)וּמ ְשׂאַת‬ ַ at Amos 5:11.

JUDGES 20:39 ‫�שׁים ִ֔אישׁ ִ ֣כּי‬ ֣ ִ ‫יָמן ֵה ֵח ֩ל ְל ַה ֨כּוֹת ֲח ָל ִ ֤לים ְבּ ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ִכּ ְשׁ‬ ִ֡ ְ‫וּבנ‬ ִ ‫וַ יַּ ֲה ֹ֥פ� ִ ֽאישׁ־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה‬ ‫הוּא ְל ָפ ֔ ֵנינוּ ַכּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ָה ִראשׁ ָֹנֽה׃‬ ֙ ‫ָא ְמ ֔רוּ ַא�֩ נִ ֨גּוֹף נִ ָגּ֥ ף‬ 20:39

‫יָמן‬ ִ ְ‫וּבנ‬ ִ

Nine exceptional cases 1–5 6–9

‫מיחד‬ ̇ ‫̇ט‬

Mp

Gen 45:14; Exod 1:3; Judg 20:39; Obad 19; Ps 80:3 1 Chr 7:10; 8:1; 21:6; 2 Chr 34:32

Com.: The Masorah notes the nine exceptional cases where the form ‫וּבנְ יָ ִמן‬ ִ is not preceded by Judah nor Joseph. Four of the Mp headings highlighted above elaborate on this note.

360

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

The Mp heading at 2 Chr 34:32 reads nine exceptional cases and similarly all (cases with) Judah and Joseph, whereas the Mp headings at Gen 45:14, Exod 1:3 leave out the term exceptional and just read nine times and similarly all (cases with) Judah and Joseph. Most expansive is the Mp heading at 1 Chr 8:1, which reads nine times, and similarly all (cases of) Judah and Benjamin, and Joseph and Benjamin.

20:39

‫�שׁים ִאישׁ‬ ִ ‫ִכּ ְשׁ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 20:31. 20:39

‫נִ גּוֹף‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

20:39

Mp

‫נִ גָּ ף‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Deut 28:25; Judg 20:39; 2 Sam 10:15 (‫)נִ גַּ ף‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice with a qameṣ under the ‫( גּ‬Deut 28:25 and here), and once with a paṯaḥ (2 Sam 10:15). 20:39

Unique

‫ַכּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena beginning with a ‫;כ‬ see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §19, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §20.

JUDGES 20:40 ‫יל־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר‬ ָ ‫מן ַא ֲח ָ ֔ריו וְ ִה ֵנּ֛ה ָﬠ ָ ֥לה ְכ ִל‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ן־ה ִ ֖ﬠיר ַﬠ ֣מּוּד ָﬠ ָ ֑שׁן וַ יִּ ֶ֤פן ִבּנְ י‬ ָ ‫וְ ַה ַמּ ְשׂ ֵ֗את ֵה ֵ ֛ח ָלּה ַל ֲﬠל֥ וֹת ִמ‬ ‫ַה ָשּׁ ָ ֽמיְ ָמה׃‬ 20:40 Unique

‫וְ ַה ַמּ ְשׂ ֵאת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 20:40

‫ַל ֲﬠלוֹת‬

‫ ַל ֲﬠלוֹת‬fourteen times, and their references 1–5

6–10

11–14

361

Judg 20:40 1 Sam 2:28 2 Sam 5:22 1 Sam 9:14 1 Kgs 18:29 1 Kgs 12:18 And its companion (2 Chr 10:18) 2 Kgs 12:18 Hab 3:16 2 Chr 18:2 Ps 62:10 Job 36:20 Ezra 1:5 Ezra 7:28

‫לעלות י̇ ̇ד וסימנהון‬

Mm

‫והמשאת‬ ‫ובחר‬ ‫פלשתים‬ ‫הבמה‬ ‫המנחה‬ ‫במרכבה‬ ‫וחביר‬ ̇ ‫חזאל‬ ‫יגודנו‬ ‫ויסיתהו‬ ‫במאזנים‬ ‫אל תשאף‬ ‫העיר‬ ‫הטה חסד‬

And similarly all the Torah and Joshua apart from three: ‫דכות ̇ב ̇מ ̇ג‬ ̇ ‫אורית ויהושע‬ ̇ ‫וכל‬ Lev 24:2 Exod 27:20 Josh 22:23

‫צו‬ ‫תצוה‬ ‫לבנות‬

The Masorah also notes that this lemma occurs in the qal in the Torah (2x) and Joshua (3x), apart from the three listed cases when it occurs in the hiphil (‫)ל ַה ֲﬠלוֹת‬. ְ 20:40

‫יְמה‬ ָ ‫ַה ָשּׁ ָמ‬

Eleven times

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 8:20.

Mp

JUDGES 20:41 ‫יָמן ִ ֣כּי ָר ָ֔אה ִ ֽכּי־נָ גְ ָ ֥ﬠה ָﬠ ָל֖יו ָה ָר ָ ֽﬠה׃‬ ֑ ִ ְ‫יִּבּ ֵ ֖הל ִ ֣אישׁ ִבּנ‬ ָ ַ‫וְ ִ ֤אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ָה ַ֔פ� ו‬ 20:41 Unique

‫יִּבּ ֵהל‬ ָ ַ‫ו‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

362

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 20:42 ‫יתים‬ ֥ ִ ‫ל־דּ ֶר� ַה ִמּ ְד ָ֔בּר וְ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֖מה ִה ְד ִבּי ָ ֑ ק ְתהוּ וַ ֲא ֶשׁ ֙ר ֵמ ֶ ֣ה ָﬠ ִ ֔רים ַמ ְשׁ ִח‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְפנ֞ וּ ִל ְפ ֵ֨ני ִ ֤אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֶא‬ ‫תוֹכוֹ׃‬ ֽ ‫אוֹתוֹ ְבּ‬ ֖ 20:42

‫וְ ַה ִמּ ְל ָח ָמה‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 20:34; 20:42; 1 Sam 14:23

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (69x) without a cj. 20:42

‫ִה ְד ִבּ ָיק ְתהוּ‬

Unique

Mp

‫̇ל‬

20:42

‫ֵמ ֶה ָﬠ ִרים‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 20:15. 20:42

‫יתים‬ ִ ‫ַמ ְשׁ ִח‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Gen 19:13 (‫;)מ ְשׁ ִח ִתים‬ ַ Judg 20:42; 2 Sam 20:15 (‫יתם‬ ִ ‫;)מ ְשׁ ִח‬ ַ Isa 1:4; Jer 6:28 Jer 22:7 (‫;)מ ְשׁ ִח ִתים‬ ַ 2 Chr 27:2

Com.: The Masorah here (and at Jer 6:28, 22:7, and 2 Chr 27:2) notes the seven occurrences of this lemma. Four are written doubly plene ‫יתים( י‬ ִ ‫מ ְשׁ ִח‬, ַ Judg 20:42, Isa 1:4, Jer 6:28, 2 Chr 27:2), two are written defective first ‫מ ְשׁ ִח ִתים( י‬, ַ Gen 19:13 and Jer 22:7), and one is written defective second ‫יתם( י‬ ִ ‫מ ְשׁ ִח‬, ַ 2 Sam 20:15). The Mp heading at Isa 1:4, which has a doubly plene form (‫יתים‬ ִ ‫)מ ְשׁ ִח‬, ַ notes only these plene forms in its reading four times plene (Judg 20:42, Isa 1:4, Jer 6:28, 2 Chr 27:2).

Two of the Mp headings highlighted above (Gen 19:13 and 2 Sam 20:15) read eight times, presumably because, in addition to the seven forms listed above, they include the form at 1 Sam 6:5 with the def. article (‫יתם‬ ִ ‫)ה ַמּ ְשׁ ִח‬. ַ

JUDGES

363

JUDGES 20:43 ‫ח־שׁ ֶמשׁ׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫נוּחה ִה ְד ִר ֻיכ֑הוּ ַ ֛ﬠד ֹ֥נ ַכח ַהגִּ ְב ָ ֖ﬠה ִמ ִמּזְ ַר‬ ֖ ָ ‫יפהוּ ְמ‬ ֻ֔ ‫מן ִה ְר ִד‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ת־בּנְ י‬ ִ ‫ִכּ ְתּ ֤רוּ ֶא‬ 20:43

‫יכהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ִה ְד ִר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 20:43; Job 28:8 (‫)*ה ְד ִריכוּהוּ‬ ִ ——————————

‫יכהוּ‬ ֻ ‫ ִה ְד ִר‬twice, once defective and once plene, and their references Judg 20:43 Job 28:8

‫מל וסימנהון‬ ̇ ‫הדרכיהו ̇ב חד חסיר וחד‬

Mm

‫מנוחה הדריכהו עד‬ ‫לא הדריכהו )בצי( ]בני[ שחץ‬

The first one is defective

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫קדמ‬ ̇

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma, one written defective ‫ו‬ (here), and one written plene ‫( ו‬Job 28:8).

ִ has two defective forms of this lemma since it writes * ML, contrary to M (‫)ה ְד ִריכוּהוּ‬, the form at Job 28:8 defective (‫יכהוּ‬ ֻ ‫)ה ְד ִר‬. ִ But the Mm note of twice, once defective and once plene conforms to the text of M.

JUDGES 20:45 ‫הוּ ַ ֽבּ ְמ ִס ֔לּוֹת ֲח ֵ ֥מ ֶשׁת ֲא ָל ִ ֖פים ִ ֑אישׁ וַ יַּ ְד ִ ֤בּיקוּ ַא ֲח ָר ֙יו ַﬠד־‬ ֙ ‫ל־ס ַלע ָ ֽה ִר ֔מּוֹן וַ יְ ֽﬠֹ ְל ֨ ֻל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְפנ֞ וּ וַ יָּ ֻנ֤סוּ ַה ִמּ ְד ָ֨בּ ָר ֙ה ֶא‬ ‫גִּ ְד ֔עֹם וַ יַּ ֥כּוּ ִמ ֶ ֖מּנּוּ ַא ְל ַ ֥פּיִ ם ִ ֽאישׁ׃‬ 20:45

‫ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּ ָרה‬

Twelve times 1–5 6–10 11–12

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Exod 4:27; Lev 16:10; 16:21; Num 21:23; 33:8 Deut 1:40; 2:1; Judg 20:45; 20:47; 1 Sam 13:18 1 Sam 26:3; Ezek 29:5

364

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

Com.: The Masorah notes the twelve occurrences of this lemma with the locative ‫ה‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (39x) without this adverbial ending. The Mp heading at Exod 4:27 reads thirteen times reflecting the Eastern reading that reads ‫ ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּר‬of Judg 20:42 as ‫ ַ;ה ִמּ ְד ָבּ ָרה‬see Breuer, Masora Magna, 284, n. 3. 20:45

‫וַ יְ ע ְֹל ֻלהוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

20:45

‫ַבּ ְמ ִסלּוֹת‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Mp

Judg 20:31; 20:45 20:45

‫גִּ ְדעֹם‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena pairings, one of which occurs in the Torah, one in the Prophets, and one in the Writings; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §57, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §58.

JUDGES 20:47 ‫בוּ ְבּ ֶ ֣ס ַלע ִר ֔מּוֹן ַא ְר ָבּ ָ ֖ﬠה ֳח ָד ִ ֽשׁים׃‬ ֙ ‫ל־ס ַלע ָ ֽה ִר ֔מּוֹן ֵ ֥שׁשׁ ֵמ ֖אוֹת ִ ֑אישׁ וַ ֵיּ ְֽשׁ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וַ יִּ ְפנ֞ וּ וַ יָּ ֻנ֤סוּ ַה ִמּ ְד ָ֨בּ ָר ֙ה ֶא‬ 20:47

‫ַה ִמּ ְד ָבּ ָרה‬

Twelve times

‫י̇ ̇ב‬

Mp

Com.: See directly above at Judg 20:45.

JUDGES

365

JUDGES 20:48 ‫ל־הנִּ ְמ ָ ֑צא ַגּ֛ם ָכּל־‬ ַ ‫ד־בּ ֵה ָ֔מה ַ ֖ﬠד ָכּ‬ ְ ‫י־ח ֶרב ֵמ ִ ֤ﬠיר ְמת ֹ֙ם ַﬠ‬ ֶ֔ ‫מן וַ יַּ ֣כּוּם ְל ִפ‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫ל־בּ ֵנ֤י ִבנְ י‬ ְ ‫שׁבוּ ֶא‬ ֣ ָ ‫וְ ִ֨אישׁ יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֜אל‬ ‫ֶה ָﬠ ִ ֥רים ַהנִּ ְמ ָצ ֖אוֹת ִשׁ ְלּ ֥חוּ ָב ֵ ֽאשׁ׃ פ‬ 20:48

‫וַ יַּ כּוּם‬

Eleven times

Mp

‫י̇ ̇א‬

Com.: See Josh 7:5. 20:48

‫ְמתֹם‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 20:48; Isa 1:6; Ps 38:4; 38:8

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with a ḥolem, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a ḥîreq (‫)מ ִתם‬ ְ at Deut 2:34 and Deut 3:6.

20:48

‫ַהנִּ ְמ ָצאוֹת‬

Four times plene 1–2

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Gen 19:15 (‫;)הנִּ ְמ ָצאֹת‬ ַ Judg 20:48

Com.: The Mp heading here of four times plene is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma, one written plene ‫( ו‬here), and one written defective ‫ו‬ (‫)הנִּ ְמ ָצאֹת‬ ַ at Gen 19:15. MA correctly reads here twice, once plene and once defective, but MC has no note.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of doublets with an initial ‫ ַה‬or ‫ ֲ;ה‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §64.

JUDGES 21:2 ‫יִּב ֖כּוּ ְבּ ִ ֥כי גָ ֽדוֹל׃‬ ְ ַ‫קוֹלם ו‬ ָ ֔ ‫�הים וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֣אוּ‬ ֑ ִ ‫ד־ה ֔ ֶﬠ ֶרב ִל ְפ ֵנ֖י ָה ֱא‬ ָ ‫ית־אל וַ ֵיּ ְ֤שׁבוּ ָשׁ ֙ם ַﬠ‬ ֵ֔ ‫יָּב ֹא ָה ָﬠ ֙ם ֵ ֽבּ‬ ֤ ַ‫ו‬ 21:2

‫�הים‬ ִ ‫ִל ְפנֵ י ָה ֱא‬

Six times, and similarly all Qoheleth Com.: See Josh 24:1.

‫ו̇ וכל קהלת‬

Mp

366

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 21:5 ‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ֜ ְ‫בוּﬠה ַהגּ‬ ָ ֨ ‫הו֑ה ִכּי֩ ַה ְשּׁ‬ ָ ְ‫ל־שׁ ְב ֵ ֥טי יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֖אל ֶאל־י‬ ִ ‫א־ﬠ ָל֧ה ַב ָקּ ָ ֛הל ִמ ָכּ‬ ָ ֹ ‫רוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֠ ִמי ֲא ֶ֨שׁר ל‬ ֙ ‫אמ‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֽיּ‬ ‫יוּמת׃‬ ֽ ָ ‫מר ֥מוֹת‬ ֹ ֖ ‫הו֧ה ַה ִמּ ְצ ָ ֛פּה ֵלא‬ ָ ְ‫א־ﬠ ֨ ָלה ֶאל־י‬ ָ ֹ ‫ָהיְ ָ֗תה ֠ ַל ֲא ֶשׁר ל‬ 21:5

‫ַב ָקּ ָהל‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 21:5; Job 30:28; Lam 1:10; 2 Chr 30:17

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫ ַבּ‬to distinguish them from the four occurrences with the indef. prep. ‫בּ‬.ְ This distinction is implied in the the Mp headings to Job 30:28, Lam 1:10 and 2 Chr 30:17, and the Mm headings to Lam 1:10 and 2 Chr 30:17, that read four times daḡeš, that is, with the def. prep. ‫ ַבּ‬as opposed to the indef. prep. without a daḡeš. The catchwords in the Mm to 2 Chr 30:17 are given in the form of an Aramaic mnemonic “let us rise, and go up for I was commanded many things”; see Marcus, Scribal Wit, 155–56. 21:5

Unique

‫דוֹלה‬ ָ ְ‫בוּﬠה ַהגּ‬ ָ ‫ַה ְשּׁ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This phrase is featured in a Masoretic list of two-word phrases that only occur once, in which both words of the phrase has the def. article; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §371. 21:5

‫יוּמת‬ ָ ‫מוֹת‬

Twice in the Prophets

Judg 21:5; Ezek 18:13

̇‫̇ב בנבי‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences in the Prophets of ‫ מוֹת‬with ‫יוּמת‬ ָ to distinguish them from its three occurrences in the Prophets with ‫ ;)מוֹת יָ מוּת( יָמוּת‬see the Mm at Num 26:65 sub ‫יָמתוּ‬ ֻ ‫מוֹת‬.

JUDGES

367

JUDGES 21:6 ‫אמ ֔רוּ נִ גְ ַ ֥דּע ַהיּ֛ וֹם ֵ ֥שׁ ֶבט ֶא ָ ֖חד ִמיִּ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ְ ֹ ‫ל־בּנְ יָ ִ ֖מן ָא ִ ֑חיו וַ ֣יּ‬ ִ ‫מוּ ְבּ ֵנ֣י יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵ֔אל ֶא‬ ֙ ‫וַ יִּ ָנּ ֲֽח‬ 21:6

‫וַ יִּ נָּ ֲחמוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 21:6; Ezek 31:16

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma in the niphal, to distinguish them from its sole occurrence in the piel (‫ )וַ יְ נַ ֲחמוּ‬at Job 42:11. 21:6

‫ ֶאל‬...‫וַ יִּ נָּ ֲחמוּ‬

Seven times 1–5 6–7

̇‫ז‬

Mp

Judg 21:6; 2 Sam 10:2 (‫ ֶאל‬...‫ ;) ְלנַ ֲחמוֹ‬24:16 (‫ ֶאל‬...‫)וַ יִּ נָּ ֶחם‬ Jer 26:3 (‫ ;)וְ נִ ַח ְמ ִתּי ֶאל‬26:13 (‫ ֶאל‬...‫)וְ יִ נָּ ֵחם‬ Jer 26:19 (‫ ֶאל‬...‫ ;)וַ יִּ נָּ ֶחם‬42:10 (‫)נִ ַח ְמ ִתּי ֶאל‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the seven occurrences of forms of the verb ‫ נָ ַחם‬with ‫( ֶאל‬see Ginsburg, 2, ‫נ‬, §186), to distinguish them from the more numerous occurrences (22x) of this verb with ‫ﬠל‬.ַ

ִ ‫א‬, ֶ but this phrase occurs only once as is In ML the circellus has been placed on ‫ל־בּנְ יָ ִמן‬ noted by MC and MA, both of which read here unique. It is most likely, as suggested by Dotan/Reich (Masora Thesaurus, ad loc.), that the lemma be extended to include ‫וַ יִּ נָּ ֲחמוּ‬, since the phrase ‫ ֶאל‬...‫ נִ ַחם‬does occur seven times.

JUDGES 21:7 ‫נוֹתינוּ ְלנָ ִ ֽשׁים׃‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ת־ל ֶ ֥הם ִמ ְבּ‬ ָ ‫יהוה ְל ִב ְל ִ ֛תּי ֵתּ‬ ָ֔ ‫נּוֹת ִ ֖רים ְלנָ ִ ֑שׁים וַ ֲא ַ֨נ ְח ֙נוּ נִ ְשׁ ַבּ ְ֣ﬠנוּ ַ ֽב‬ ָ ‫ַמה־נַּ ֲﬠ ֶ ֥שׂה ָל ֶ ֛הם ַל‬ 21:7

‫נוֹתינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ִמ ְבּ‬

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Mp

Judg 21:7; 21:18; Ps 144:12 (‫נוֹתינוּ‬ ֵ ‫;)בּ‬ ְ 2 Chr 29:9 (‫נוֹתינוּ‬ ֵ ‫)וּב‬ ְ

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma in various forms written plene ‫ו‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) in various forms written defective ‫)בּנ ֵֹתינוּ( ו‬. ְ

368

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 21:9 ‫יָבשׁ גִּ ְל ָ ֽﬠד׃‬ ֥ ֵ ‫יּוֹשׁ ֵ ֖בי‬ ְ ‫ין־שׁ ֙ם ִ֔אישׁ ִמ‬ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ָפּ ֵ ֖ קד ָה ָ ֑ﬠם וְ ִה ֵנּ֤ה ֵ ֽא‬ 21:9

‫וַ יִּ ְת ָפּ ֵקד‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma in the sg., to distinguish it from its sole occurrence in the pl. (‫ )וַ יִּ ְת ָפּ ְקדוּ‬at Judg 20:15. 21:9

‫יּוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫ִמ‬

‫יּוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ ‫ ִמ‬three times, twice plene and once defective Judg 20:15 Judg 21:9 Judg 21:12

‫מל וחד חסיר‬ ̇ ‫מיושבי ̇ג ̇ב‬

Mm

‫ויתפקדו בני בנימן‬ ‫ויתפקד העם‬ [‫וימצאו מיושבי )יבש( ]יביש‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma, twice written plene ‫ו‬ (here and Judg 21:12), and once written defective ‫מיּ ְֹשׁ ֵבי( ו‬, ִ Judg 20:15).

This lemma occurs in the ms. in folio 150r, but the Mm note appears on the bottom of the preceding folio 149v.

JUDGES 21:10 ‫ת־יוֹשׁ ֵ֨בי‬ ְ ‫יתם ֶא‬ ֶ֞ ‫מר ֠ ְלכוּ וְ ִה ִכּ‬ ֹ ֗ ‫אוֹתם ֵלא‬ ָ֜ ‫ים־ﬠ ָ ֥שׂר ֶ ֛א ֶלף ִ ֖אישׁ ִמ ְבּ ֵנ֣י ֶה ָ ֑חיִ ל וַ יְ ַצוּ֨ וּ‬ ָ ֵ‫חוּ־שׁם ָה ֵﬠ ָ ֗דה ְשׁנ‬ ֣ ָ ‫וַ יִּ ְשׁ ְל‬ ‫י־ח ֶרב וְ ַהנָּ ִ ֖שׁים וְ ַה ָ ֽטּף׃‬ ֶ֔ ‫יָבשׁ גִּ ְל ָﬠ ֙ד ְל ִפ‬ ֵ֤ 21:10

‫וַ יְ ַצוּוּ‬

Unique

‫̇ל‬

1–4

Mp

Gen 50:16: Josh 3:3; Judg 21:10; 21:20 (qərê)

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are four occurrences of this lemma, two in the book of Judges. However, since the kəṯîḇ form ‫ ויצו‬at Judg 21:20 is written defective second ‫ו‬, the note may be taken to mean only plene forms of this lemma, of which there is only one in the book, so the note more precisely should have read unique plene in the book.

JUDGES

369

This interepretation is supported by the Mm of Gen 50:16, which reads three times plene and once defective (second ‫)ו‬. And the end of the note specifies that it is the Judg 21:20 that is written defective.

Both MC and MA correctly read here four times as does the heading at Josh 3:3 in ML. 21:10

‫יוֹשׁ ֵבי‬ ְ

Unique plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is incorrect since there are thirty-four occurrences of this lemma; see Josh 15:63. Most probably the number four ‫ ֗ד‬was left out after the ‫ל‬,֗ since it should have read ‫ ֗ל ֗ד‬. MA correctly reads here thirty-four times plene, but MC has no note.

JUDGES 21:11 ‫ל־א ָ ֛שּׁה י ַ ֹ֥ד ַﬠת ִמ ְשׁ ַכּב־זָ ָ ֖כר ַתּ ֲח ִ ֽרימוּ׃‬ ִ ‫שׁר ַתּ ֲﬠ ֑שׂוּ ָכּל־זָ ָ֗כר וְ ָכ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫וְ ֶז֥ה ַה ָדּ ָ ֖בר ֲא‬ 21:11

‫וְ זֶ ה ַה ָדּ ָבר‬

Four times at the beginning of a verse

̇‫̇ד ראש פסו‬

Mp

Exod 29:1; Josh 5:4; Judg 21:11; 1 Kgs 11:27 ——————————

‫ וְ זֶ ה ַה ָדּ ָבר‬four times at the beginning of a verse Exod 29:1 Josh 5:4 Judg 21:11 1 Kgs 11:27

‫וזה הדבר ̇ד ראש פסוק‬

Mm

‫אשר תעשה‬ ‫אשר מל יהושע‬ ‫תעשו‬ ‫)את( ]אשר[ הרים‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse, with a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its six occurrences of this lemma at the beginning of a verse without a cj.

In ML the circellus has been placed only on ‫וְ זֶ ה‬, but this form occurs many more than four times at the beginning of a verse so it is most likely, as indicated in the Mp headings in MC and MA and in the Mm here, that the note refers to the two words ‫וְ זֶ ה‬ ‫ה ָדּ ָבר‬.ַ

370 21:11

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫ל־א ָשּׁה‬ ִ ‫וְ ָכ‬

Three times

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Exod 35:25; Num 31:17; Judg 21:11

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of ‫ וְ ָכל‬with ‫א ָשּׁה‬,ִ to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (16x) with ‫ל־אישׁ( ִאישׁ‬ ִ ‫)וְ ָכ‬. 21:11

‫י ַֹד ַﬠת‬

Three times

Mp

‫̇ג‬

Num 31:17; Judg 21:11; Ps 139:14

Com.: The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma pointed as a fem. ptcp., to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (55x) pointed as a 2nd pers. masc. perf. (‫ ;)יָ ַד ְﬠ ָתּ‬see Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §7M, or from its three occurrences pointed as a 2nd pers. fem. perf. (‫)יָ ַד ְﬠ ְתּ‬.

JUDGES 21:12 ‫תוּלה ֲא ֶ ֧שׁר ֽל ֹא־יָ ְד ָ ֛ﬠה ִ ֖אישׁ ְל ִמ ְשׁ ַכּ֣ב זָ ָ ֑כר‬ ָ ֔ ‫אוֹת נַ ֲﬠ ָ ֣רה ְב‬ ֙ ‫יּוֹשׁ ֵב֣י ׀ ֵיָב֣ישׁ גִּ ְל ֗ ָﬠד ַא ְר ַבּ֤ע ֵמ‬ ְ ‫ַוֽ יִּ ְמ ְצ ֞אוּ ִמ‬ ‫ל־ה ַמּ ֲחנֶ ֙ה ִשׁ ֔�ה ֲא ֶ ֖שׁר ְבּ ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ְכּ ָנ ַֽﬠן׃ ס‬ ֽ ַ ‫אוֹתם ֶא‬ ֤ ָ ‫יָּביאוּ‬ ִ֨ ַ‫ו‬ 21:12

‫ְל ִמ ְשׁ ַכּב זָ ָכר‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Num 31:17; Judg 21:12

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena in a similar section where one has a prefixed ‫( ל‬here), and the other does not have this ‫ ִמ ְשׁ ַכּב זָ ָכר( ל‬at Judg 21:11); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §245, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §136.

JUDGES 21:14 ‫א־מ ְצ ֥אוּ ָל ֶ ֖הם ֵ ֽכּן׃‬ ָ ֹ ‫שׁר ִחיּ֔ וּ ִמנְּ ֵ ֖שׁי ֵיָב֣שׁ גִּ ְל ָ ֑ﬠד וְ ֽל‬ ֣ ֶ ‫מן ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֔היא וַ יִּ ְתּנ֤ וּ ָל ֶה ֙ם ַהנָּ ִ֔שׁים ֲא‬ ֙ ִ ָ‫וַ ָיּ ָ֤שׁב ִבּנְ י‬ 21:14 Unique

‫ֲא ֶשׁר ִחיּוּ‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 21:14

‫ֵיָבשׁ‬

Six times defective 1–5 6

‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

371

Mp

Judg 21:9; 21:10; 21:14; 2 Kgs 15:10; 1 Chr 10:12 (‫)בּ ֵיָבשׁ‬ ְ All ‫ֵﬠץ ֵיָבשׁ‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the six occurrences of this lemma, with and without prep. ‫ב‬, written defective ‫י‬. The occurrences include five cases of the lemma used as a name of a place or a person, and one case designated as ‫ ֵﬠץ ֵיָבשׁ‬, which consists of the fourteen occurrences of ‫ ֵיָבשׁ‬used as a verb or adj.; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 66.

ֵ has a seventh occurrence since it writes this lemma (indiML, contrary to M (‫)יָבישׁ‬, cating a name of a place) defective ‫ י‬at 1 Sam 11:1a; see Breuer, The Biblical Text, 72. However, the Mp headings here of six times supports the enumeration inherent in the text of M. ̇ part of the note is not too clear. In ML the ‫חס‬

JUDGES 21:17 ‫א־יִמּ ֶ ֥חה ֵ ֖שׁ ֶבט ִמיִּ ְשׂ ָר ֵ ֽאל׃‬ ָ ֹ ‫יטה ְל ִבנְ יָ ִ ֑מן וְ ֽל‬ ֖ ָ ‫אמ ֔רוּ יְ ֻר ַ ֥שּׁת ְפּ ֵל‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ ֣יּ‬ 21:17

‫יְ ֻר ַשּׁת‬

Twice and defective

Mp

‫וחס‬ ̇ ‫̇ב‬

Judg 21:17; Ps 61:6

Com.: By noting that this lemma occurs twice and is written defective ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written plene ‫ו‬.

JUDGES 21:18 ‫מר ָא ֕רוּר נ ֵ ֹ֥תן ִא ָ ֖שּׁה‬ ֹ ֔ ‫נוֹתינוּ ִ ֽכּי־נִ ְשׁ ְבּ ֤ﬠוּ ְב ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ֵלא‬ ֑ ֵ ‫ת־ל ֶ ֥הם נָ ִ ֖שׁים ִמ ְבּ‬ ָ ‫נוּכ֛ל ָל ֵת‬ ַ ‫וַ ֲא ַ֗נ ְחנוּ ֥ל ֹא‬ ‫ְל ִבנְ יָ ִ ֽמן׃ ס‬ 21:18

‫נוֹתינוּ‬ ֵ ‫ִמ ְבּ‬

Four times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ד‬

Com.: See Judg 21:7.

Mp

372

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

21:18

‫ָארוּ֕ ר‬

Eight times with the accent (zaqeṕ gaḏôl) 1–5 6–8

‫בטע‬ ̇ ‫̇ח‬

Deut 27:16; 27:17; 27:18; 27:21; 27:23 Deut 27:24; Judg 21:18

Mp

Com.: The Mp heading here of eight times is incorrect since there are only seven occurrences of this lemma with a zaqeṕ gaḏôl accent. The correct number seven is given in the Mp heading at Deut 27:18. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

JUDGES 21:19 ‫ית־אל֙ ִמזְ ְר ָ ֣חה ַה ֶ֔שּׁ ֶמשׁ ִל ְמ ִס ֔ ָלּה‬ ֵ ‫ימה ֲא ֶ֞שׁר ִמ ְצּ ֤פוֹנָ ה ְל ֵ ֽב‬ ָ ‫יָמ‬ ִ֗ ‫הוה ְבּ ִשׁ ֜לוֹ ִמיָּ ִ ֣מים ׀‬ ָ֨ ְ‫אמ ֡רוּ ִהנֵּ ֩ה ַחג־י‬ ְ ֹ ‫וַ יּ‬ ‫בוֹנֽה׃‬ ָ ‫וּמ ֶנּ֖ גֶ ב ִל ְל‬ ִ ‫ית־אל ְשׁ ֶכ ָ֑מה‬ ֖ ֵ ‫ָהע ָ ֹ֥לה ִמ ֵ ֽבּ‬ 21:19

‫ַחג־יְ הוָ ה‬

Four times

‫̇ד‬

Mp

Exod 10:9; Lev 23:39; Judg 21:19; Hos 9:5 —————————— ‫ ַחג־יְ הוָ ה‬four times Exod 10:9 Lev 23:39 Judg 21:19 Hos 9:5

‫חג יהוה ̇ד‬

Mm

[‫בנערינו )ובזקיננו( ]ובזקנינו‬ ‫באספכם את תבואת‬ [‫הנה חג יהוה )בשלה( ]בשלו‬ ‫ליום מועד‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the four occurrences of ‫ ַחג‬with ‫יְ הוָ ה‬, to distinguish them from its five occurrences with ‫) ַחג ַליהוָ ה( ַליהוָ ה‬.

JUDGES 21:19

‫ְבּ ִשׁלוֹ‬

‫ ְבּ ִשׁלוֹ‬eight times defective 1–5

6–8

‫חס‬ ̇ ‫בשלו ̇ח‬

Judg 21:19 1 Sam 1:24 1 Sam 3:21, the second part of the verse 1 Sam 14:3 Jer 7:14 Jer 26:9 Jer 41:5 Ps 78:60

373

Mm [‫הנה חג יהוה )בשלה( ]בשלו‬ ‫ותבאהו בית יהוה‬ ‫כי נגלה יהוה תינינ̇ דפסוק‬ ‫בן פינחס‬ ‫ועשיתי‬ ‫מדוע נבית‬ ‫אנשים‬ ‫ויטש משכן שלו‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the eight occurrences of this lemma in various forms written defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its four occurrences in various forms written plene ‫;)בּ ִשׁילוֹ( י‬ ְ see directly below at Judg 21:21. The additional note of the second part of the verse to the 1 Sam 3:21 reference distinguishes the second part of the verse from its first part, where the lemma occurs as ‫ ְבּ ִשׁ�ה‬. 21:19

Unique

‫ִמ ְצּפוֹנָ ה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of this lemma with a šəwâ under the ‫צ‬, to distinguish it from its sole occurrence with a qameṣ (‫)מ ָצפוֹנָ ה‬ ִ at Josh 15:10. 21:19

Unique

‫ִל ְמ ִס ָלּה‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words that occur once with a indef. ‫( ל‬here), but otherwise with a def. ‫( ַל‬Jer 31:21 and 1 Chr 26:18); see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §27, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §28, and Ognibeni, ’Oklah, §280, p. 428. 21:19

Six times

‫ְשׁ ֶכ ָמה‬ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

Com.: See Judg 9:1.

374 21:19 Unique

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML ‫וּמנֶּ גֶ ב‬ ִ

Mp

‫̇ל‬

Com.: This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of hapax legomena that start with ‫ ;ומ‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §18, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §19.

JUDGES 21:20 ‫מר ְל ֖כוּ וַ ֲא ַר ְב ֶ ֥תּם ַבּ ְכּ ָר ִ ֽמים׃‬ ֹ ֑ ‫ת־בּ ֵנ֥י ִבנְ יָ ִ ֖מן ֵלא‬ ְ ‫וַ יְ ַצ ֻ ֕וּ ֶא‬ 21:20

Read ‫וַ יְ ַצוּוּ‬

ֻ‫וַ יְ ַצוּ‬ ‫ויצוו ̇ק‬

Mp

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)ויצו‬, and the qərê (‫ )וַ יְ ַצוּוּ‬represent examples where the text, in accordance with older orthography, writes only one of two adjoining and identical vowel-letters; see Gordis, The Biblical Text, 96.

This lemma is featured in a Masoretic list of words where a ‫ ו‬which is not written is read; see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §119, and Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §105. 21:20

Unique

‫וַ ֲא ַר ְב ֶתּם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

JUDGES 21:21 ‫ן־ה ְכּ ָר ִ֔מים וַ ֲח ַט ְפ ֶ ֥תּם ָל ֶכ֛ם ִ ֥אישׁ‬ ַ ‫את ֙ם ִמ‬ ֶ ‫יצ‬ ָ ‫ת ִ ֽו‬ ֒ ‫ילוֹ ָל ֣חוּל ַבּ ְמּחֹלוֹ‬ ֮ ‫נוֹת־שׁ‬ ִ ‫ם־י ְצ ֥אוּ ְב‬ ֵ֨ ‫יתם ְו ִ֠הנֵּ ה ִא‬ ֶ֗ ‫ְוּר ִא‬ ‫ִא ְשׁ ֖תּוֹ ִמ ְבּנ֣ וֹת ִשׁיל֑ וֹ וַ ֲה ַל ְכ ֶ ֖תּם ֶ ֥א ֶרץ ִבּנְ יָ ִ ֽמן׃‬ 21:21

‫יֵ ְצאוּ‬

Fourteen times

‫י̇ ̇ד‬

Com.: See Josh 8:5.

Mp

JUDGES 21:21 Unique 1–3

‫ַבּ ְמּחֹלוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

375

Mp

Judg 21:21; 1 Sam 21:12; 29:5

Com.: The Mp heading here of unique is inexact since there are three occurrences of this lemma. The note more precisely should have read unique in the book. Neither MC nor MA has a note on this lemma here.

21:21

‫אתם‬ ֶ ‫יצ‬ ָ ִ‫ו‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 21:21; Mal 3:20

—————————— ‫אתם‬ ֶ ‫יצ‬ ָ ִ‫ ו‬twice Judg 21:21 Mal 3:20

‫ויצאתם ̇ב‬

Mm

‫מן הכרמים‬ ‫ויצאתם ופשתם‬

Com.: The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma with a ‫ ו‬consec., to distinguish them from its two occurrences without a ‫אתם( ו‬ ֶ ‫ )יְ ָצ‬at Exod 13:3 and Deut 11:10. 21:21

Unique 21:21

‫וַ ֲח ַט ְפ ֶתּם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫ ִשׁילוֹ‬2

Three times plene

‫מל‬ ̇ ‫̇ג‬

Mp

ְ Judg 21:21a; 21:21b; Jer 7:12 (‫)בּ ִשׁילוֹ‬

Com.: The Mp heading here, and in MC and MA, and at Jer 7:12 of three times plene is inexact since there is another occurrence of this lemma at Gen 49:10. The note more precisely should have read three times plene in the Prophets.

The Masorah notes the three occurrences of this lemma written plene ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its more numerous occurrences (8x) in various forms written defective ‫י‬ (‫;)שׁלוֹ‬ ִ see directly above at Judg 21:19.

376

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 21:22 ‫אוֹתם ִ ֣כּי ֥ל ֹא ָל ַ ֛ ק ְחנוּ ִ ֥אישׁ‬ ָ֔ ‫יה ֙ם ָחנּ֣ וּנוּ‬ ֶ ‫יהם ָל ִ ֣רוב ׀ ֵא ֗ ֵלינוּ וְ ָא ַ ֤מ ְרנוּ ֲא ֵל‬ ֶ֜ ‫בוֹת ֩ם ֨אוֹ ֲא ֵח‬ ָ ‫וְ ָה ָ֡יה ִ ֽכּי־יָ ֣בֹאוּ ֲא‬ ‫ִא ְשׁ ֖תּוֹ ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָח ָ ֑מה ִ ֣כּי ֥ל ֹא ַא ֶ ֛תּם נְ ַת ֶ ֥תּם ָל ֶ ֖הם ָכּ ֵ ֥ﬠת ֶתּ ְא ָ ֽשׁמוּ׃ ס‬ 21:22

Read ‫ָל ִריב‬

‫ָל ִרוב‬ ‫לריב קר‬

—————————— ‫ ָל ִריב‬five times

1–5

‫לריב ̇ה‬

Mp Mm

Judg 21:22 Amos 7:4 Isa 3:13 Job 9:3 Prov 25:8 The last form is defective

And once (‫)וְ ָל ִריב‬: 2 Chr 19:8

‫והיה כי יבאו אבותם‬ ‫והנה קרא )לריב( ]לרב[ באש‬ ‫נצב לריב יהוה‬ ‫אם יחפץ לריב עמו‬ ‫אל תצא לרב‬ ‫חס‬ ̇ ̇‫בתרי‬

‫וחד למשפט יהוה ולריב‬

Com.: The kəṯîḇ (‫)לרוב‬, and the qərê (‫)ל ִריב‬ ָ are examples of kəṯîḇ/qərê variations where a ‫ ו‬in the middle of a word is read as a ‫ ;י‬see Frensdorff, Ochlah, §81, Díaz-Esteban, Sefer Oklah we-Oklah, §72, and Gordis, The Biblical Text, 128. In the Mm, the Masorah notes the five occurrences of this lemma with the def. prep. ‫ל‬,ָ written plene and defective ‫י‬, to distinguish them from its two occurrences with the indef. prep. ‫)ל ִריב( ְל‬ ְ at Isa 34:8 and Isa 58:4. This distinction is implied in the heading of the Mm at Isa 3:13, which specifically notes that these forms occur five times with qameṣ (under the ‫)ל‬, thereby contrasting them with forms with another vowel under the ‫ל‬, which can only be a šəwâ (‫)ל ִריב‬. ְ

The Mm has an additional note that this lemma also occurs with a ‫ ו‬cj. (‫ )וְ ָל ִריב‬at 2 Chr 19:8.

The Mm notes that the last entry in its list (Prov 25:8) is written defective ‫י‬, but the second entry in the list at Amos 7:4 is also written defective ‫ ) ָל ִרב( י‬in both ML and M.

JUDGES 21:22

‫ָחנּוּנוּ‬

Unique and plene

377

Mp

‫ומל‬ ̇ ‫̇ל‬

Com.: By noting that this lemma is unique and written plene ‫ו‬, the Masorah is also implying (correctly) that this lemma does not occur elsewhere written defective ‫ו‬. 21:22

‫ִאישׁ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ‬

Three times 1–2

‫̇ג‬

Mp

Judg 21:21; 21:22

Com.: The Mp heading here of three times is incorrect since there are only two occurrences of this lemma.

The Masorah notes the two occurrences of this lemma without a ‫ ו‬cj., to distinguish them from its two occurrences with a cj. (‫ ) ִאישׁ וְ ִא ְשׁתּוֹ‬at Gen 7:2a and 7:2b.

MA correctly reads here twice, but MC has no note. 21:22

‫ֶתּ ְא ָשׁמוּ‬

Twice

‫̇ב‬

Mp

Judg 21:22; 2 Chr 19:10

JUDGES 21:23 ‫ל־נ ֲ֣ח ָל ָ֔תם‬ ַ ‫וּבוּ ֶא‬ ֙ ‫שׁר גָּ ָז֑לוּ וַ יֵּ ְל ֗כוּ וַ יָּ ֨שׁ‬ ֣ ֶ ‫ן־ה ְמּח ְֹלל֖ וֹת ֲא‬ ַ ‫יָמן וַ יִּ ְשׂ ֤אוּ נָ ִשׁ ֙ים ְל ִמ ְס ָפּ ָ ֔רם ִמ‬ ִ֔ ְ‫שׂוּ־כן ְבּ ֵנ֣י ִבנ‬ ֵ֙ ‫וַ ַיּ ֲֽﬠ‬ ‫ת־ה ָﬠ ִ ֔רים וַ יֵּ ְשׁ ֖בוּ ָבּ ֶ ֽהם׃‬ ֣ ֶ ‫יִּב ֙נוּ ֶא‬ ְ ַ‫ו‬ 21:23 Unique 21:23

‫ַה ְמּח ְֹללוֹת‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

‫וַ יָּ שׁוּבוּ‬

Six times plene in the Prophets Com.: See Judg 8:33.

‫בנב‬ ̇ ‫מל‬ ̇ ̇‫ו‬

Mp

378

THE MASORAH OF THE FORMER PROPHETS IN ML

JUDGES 21:24 ‫וּל ִמ ְשׁ ַפּ ְח ֑תּוֹ וַ יֵּ ְצ ֣אוּ ִמ ָ֔שּׁם ִ ֖אישׁ ְלנַ ֲח ָל ֽתוֹ׃‬ ְ ‫וַ יִּ ְת ַה ְלּ ֨כוּ ִמ ָ ֤שּׁם ְבּ ֵנֽי־יִ ְשׂ ָר ֵאל֙ ָבּ ֵﬠ֣ת ַה ִ֔היא ִ ֥אישׁ ְל ִשׁ ְב ֖טוֹ‬ 21:24 Unique

‫וַ יִּ ְת ַה ְלּכוּ ִמ ָשּׁם‬ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

Com.: The Masorah notes the sole occurrence of ‫ וַ יִּ ְת ַה ְלּכוּ‬with ‫מ ָשּׁם‬, ִ to distinguish it from its three occurrences without ‫מ ָשּׁם‬. ִ 21:24

Unique

‫וּל ִמ ְשׁ ַפּ ְחתּוֹ‬ ְ ‫̇ל‬

Mp

The number of the verses in the book is six-hundred and eighteen

‫סכום הפסוקים של ספר‬ ‫שש מאות ושמונה עשר‬

Mf