Selbstsein und Anerkennung: Theologisch-philosophische Erkundungsgänge im Spannungsfeld von Ich, Wir und Gott 9783161616952, 9783161618697, 3161616952
117 102 4MB
German Pages 449 [450] Year 2022
Cover
Titel
Vorwort
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Einleitung: Gott zwischen Ich und Wir
1. Selbstsein und Anerkennung - philosophisch
2. Selbstsein und Anerkennung - theologisch
3. Theologisch-philosophische Erkundungsgänge: zum Aufbau der Arbeit
A. Gott zwischen lch und Wir - theologische Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis von Selbstsein und Anerkennung
Einleitung: Theologische Perspektiven
A.1 Der Mensch zwischen göttlicher und sozialer Anerkennung: Eberhard Jungels Reformulierung des Rechtfertigungsartikels
Einleitung
1. Widersprüche: menschliches Anerkennungsstreben und göttliche Anerkennung
1.1 Personsein und Anerkennung
1.1.1 Geschöpflichkeit: Die Konstitution der Person durch Gott
1.1.2 Die Herkunft des Selbstverhaltnisses aus dem Weltverhältnis
1.1.3 Zur Differenz von Welt- und Gottesverhältnis
1.2 Selbstverwirklichung und Sünde
1.2.1 Selbstverwirklichung als neuzeitliches ldeal
1.2.2 Selbstverwirklichung als Sünde
2. Zuspruch: Rechtfertigung als definitive Anerkennung des Menschen durch Gott
2.1 Rechtfertigung als Definition Gottes und des Menschen
2.2 Aspekte rechtfertigender Anerkennung: die reformatorischen Exklusivpartikel
2.2.1 Solus Christus, oder: der definitive Charakter göttlicher Anerkennung
2.2.2 Sola gratia, oder: der bedingungslose Charakter göttlicher Anerkennung
2.2.3 Solo verbo, oder: die Externitat göttlicher Anerkennung
2.2.4 Sola fide, oder: die Anerkennung göttlicher Anerkennung
2.3 Yom Glauben zum Handeln aus Anerkennung: Innerer und äußerer Mensch
3. Entsprechungen: Göttliche Anerkennung - menschliche Anerkennung
3.1 Der Gottesdienst: Institutionalisierte Unterbrechung menschlichen Anerkennungsdrangs und Ort der Erschließung definitiver Anerkennung
3.2 Der Primat des Personseins vor den Werken als sozialethische Konsequenz des Rechtfertigungsglaubens
3.2.1 Anerkennung in Staat und Recht: theologische Zumutungen an den Gesetzgeber
3.2.2 Bioethische Grundfragen: Zur Anerkennung des Noch-Nicht- und Nicht-mehr-leistungsfähigen Lebens
3.2.3 Arbeit und Wirtschaft: Anerkennung diesseits von Lebensleistungen
4. Fazit
Obergang: Wagner vs. Jüngel - oder: warum Freiheit nicht (nur) aus Gott sein kann
1. Die Passivitätszumutungen der christlichen Freiheit
1.1 Göttliche Aktivität vs menschliche Passivität
1.2 Innere vs äußere Freiheit
2. ,,Noch nicht der christliche Gott": Wagners Kritik an Jüngels Gottesbegriff
A.2 Gott als Prädikat gelingender Zwischenmenschlichkeit: Falk Wagners Theologie der Anerkennung
Einleitung
1. Revolutionen: Göttliche Anerkennung und menschliche Freiheit
1.1 Das Scheitern des unmittelbar selbstmächtig-selbständigen Gottes
1.1.1 Bestimmte Selbstbestimmung: die Möglichkeit der Wirklichkeit
1.1.2 Yon der Asymmetrie zur Symmetrie: die Relationalität der Wirklichkeit
1.2 Auswege aus dem Scheitern Gottes
1.2.1 Retheologisierung: der trinitätstheologische Ausweg
1.2.2 Enttheologisierung: der anerkennungslogische Ausweg
1.3 Revolutionierte Freiheit
2. Konfrontationen: Göttliche Anerkennung und moderne Gesellschaft
2.1 In ,gottloser' Gesellschaft: Folgen der Sakularisierung
2.1.1 Gottesverlust: die Revolutionen der Moderne
2.1.2 Bindungsverlust: die Freiheit zur (Nicht-)Religion
2.1.3 Der Verlust als Gewinn
2.2 In ,weltloser' Gemeinschaft: Konsequenzen der Wort-Gottes- Theologie
2.2.1 Ausstieg aus der Modernisierung
2.2.2 Rückkehr zum Gehorsam
2.3 In zweideutigen Verhältnissen: Ambivalenzen des modernen Freiheitsideals
2.3.1 Ambivalente Moderne
2.3.2 Ambivalente Individualitätskultur
2.4 In kontrafaktischen Sphären: Möglichkeiten der (christlichen) Religion
3. Übersetzungen: Göttliche und soziale Anerkennung
3.1 Recht: geordnete Freiheit zwischen Anerkennung und Zwang
3.1.1 Das Verhältnis von Recht und (christlicher) Religion
3.1.2 Das Beispiel des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs
3.2 Wirtschaft: Der Gott des Geldes gegen den Gott der Anerkennung
3.3 Kirche: Vom geistlichen zum alltäglichen Gottesdienst
4. Fazit
Übergang: Koch vs. Wagner - oder: warum Anerkennung nicht das Absolute ist
1. Warum Anerkennung nicht das Absolute ist...
2. .und wie stattdessen das Absolute zu denken ist
A.3 Unbedingtes Selbstsein und unverfugbare Anerkennung: Traugott Kochs Begrundung einer frei gewollten Sozialität
Einleitung
1. Gott und Mensch: Einheit in Verschiedenheit - Verschiedenheit ohne Einheit
1.1 Religion: Sich-Bestimmen-Lassen
1.1.1 Freiheit jenseits von totalem Bestimmen und absolutem Bestimmtwerden
1.1.2 Das Subjekt zwischen Absolutheit und Selbstverabsolutierung
1.1.3 Gott zwischen den Menschen
1.1.4 Bleibende Differenzen
1.1.5 Der Mensch zwischen Stünde und Gottebenbildlichkeit
1.2 Gott: Für sich und unter uns
1.2.1 Gott selbst: Die Allmacht des Guten, der Liebe und der Wahrheit
1.2.2 Gott und Mensch: Kooperation mit dem Absoluten im Endlichen
1.2.3 Gott als Subjekt: Reminiszenzen eines vorkritischen Theismus?
1.2.4 Gottes Reich: Das Unbedingte im Bedingten
2. Mensch und Mensch: Freiheit durch Anerkennung - Anerkennung aus Freiheit
2.1 Zwischen Anerkennung und Freiheit
2.2 Recht: Zwischen Formalität und Inhaltlichkeit
2.2.1 Menschenwürde: Freiheit um ihrer selbst willen
2.2.2 Die Unabdingbarkeit rechtlich gesicherter Anerkennung
2.2.3 Der richtige Umgang mit dem Recht
2.3 Familie und Ehe
2.3.1 Familie: Zwischen Eltern und Kindern
2.3.2 Ehe: Fragile Gemeinsamkeit
2.4 Wirtschaft: Zwischen Eigennutz und Gemeinsinn
2.5 Staat und Politik: Zwischen Ermöglichung und Zwang
2.6 Kirche: Zwischen Institution und Gewissen
3. Fazit
B. Ich oder Wir? - Philosophische Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis von Selbstsein und Anerkennung
Einleitung: Ich oder Wir?
1. Der Primat des Wir: Axel Honneths Kritische Theorie der Anerkennung
2. Die Unangepasstheit des Ich: Joel Whitebooks Kritik des Intersubjektivismus
3. Zur Gliederung des Kapitels
B.1 Honneth vs. Whitebook I: Von Hobbes zu Hegel und zurük
Einleitung: Hobbes und Hegel
1. Vorgängige Intersubjektivität: Honneths anerkennungstheoretische Hegeldeutung
2. Ursprüngliche Unverbundenheit: Whitebooks hobbesianistische Hegeldeutung
3. Jenseits von Selbstgewinn und Selbstverlust: ein Seitenblick auf Judith Butler
4. Gott als Geheimnis des Selbst - Theologische Reflexionen im Gespraäch mit Eberhard Jüngel
B.2 Honneth vs. Whitebook II: Von Freud zu Winnicott und zurück
Einleitung: Omnipotence or fusion?
1. Verschmelzungssehnsüchte: Honneths intersubjektivistische Winnicottdeutung
1.1 Trennungsschmerzen: von der Abhängigkeit zur Unabhängigkeit
1.2 Fusionsbedürfnisse: die bleibende Abhängigkeit von der primären Intersubjektivität
1.2.1 Alleinseinkönnen: im Schutze einer gefühlten Intersubjektivität
1.2.2 Die Ich-Grenzen aufheben: Vergegenwartigungen erfüllter Intersubjektivität
2. Allmachtsfantasien: Whitebooks hobbesianistische Winnicott-Deutung
2.1 ,,The dark side of Winnicott": die antisoziale Tendenz des Subjekts
2.2 Zwischen Destruktion und Innovation: die Ambivalenz der Allmacht
3. Innerweltliche Transzendenz: das strittige Kriterium kritischer Gesellschaftstheorie
4. Gott zwischen Immanenz und Transzendenz - theologische Reflexionen
B.3 Honneth vs. Whitebook III: Von der Subjektphilosophie zur Intersubjektivitatstheorie und zuruck
Einleitung: Hobbes und Habermas
1. Abschied vom Subjekt: Habermas, Honneth und die kommunikative Wende
1.1 Mead-Rezeption I: Das Selbst als Produkt sozialer Interaktion
1.2 Mead-Rezeption II: Das widerständige Ich und die kontrafaktische Intersubjektivität
2. Ausgang beim Subjekt: Whitebooks Widerruf der kommunikativen Wende
2.1 Vorgangige Selbstvertrautheit: mit Henrich gegen den Intersubjektivismus
2.2 AuBersoziale Kritikinstanz: mit Sacks gegen den Intersubjektivismus
3. Soziale Bedingungen der Autonomie? Beate Rösslers Kritik an Honneth
4. Gott in Gewissen und Gemeinsamkeit - theologische Reflexionen
C. Subjekte von heute zwischen Ich, Wir und Gott - Gegenwartsdiagnostische Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis von Selbstsein und Anerkennung
Einleitung: Subjekte von heute zwischen Selbstsein und Anerkennung
1. Gegenwartdiagnostische Grundthese: Das Anerkennungsvakuum
2. Zum Aufbau des Kapitels
C.1 Ausgebrannt und fertig mit sich selbst? Das erschöpfte Subjekt zwischen Selbstsein, Anerkennung und Gott
1. Erschopfungsgefühle - zwischen Empirie und Empfinden
2. Stabilitätsverlust - vom sicheren Anerkanntsein zum Dauerwettkampf um Anerkennung
3. Burnout - zwischen erschöpfendem Anerkennungsverlangen und kompensatorischer Ersatzanerkennung
4. Vorsorge - zwischen Entlastung und (Zusatz-)Belastung
5. Erlosungshoffnungen - zwischen Schwäche und Stärke
C.2 Bin ich, was wir sind? Das identitätspolitische Subjekt zwischen Selbstsein, Anerkennung und Gott
1. Allgemeinheitsbezug und Besonderungswille: Die Crux mit der Identitätspolitik
2. Von konstruktiv bis fundamentalistisch: Ursachen und Typen der Identitätspolitik
3. Das Partikulare auf Kosten des Allgemeinen: zur Kritik linker Identitätspolitik
4. Das Kollektive und das Individuelle die fingierte Identität der Identitätspolitik
5. Jenseits des (anti-)identitätspolitischen Wir - theologische Reflexionen
C.3 Ich werde geliebt, also bin ich? Das amourose Subjekt zwischen Selbstsein, Anerkennung und Gott
1. Die ambivalente Macht der Liebe
2. Das verunsicherte Begehren
3. Zwischen Autonomiebedürfnis und Anerkennungsverlangen
4. Mit Gott lieben: Zwischen Alleinsein und Zusammensein
Epilog
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Dogmatik in der Moderne Herausgegeben von
Christian Danz, Jörg Dierken, Hans-Peter Großhans und Friederike Nüssel
39
Karl Tetzlaff
Selbstsein und Anerkennung Theologisch-philosophische Erkundungsgänge im Spannungsfeld von Ich, Wir und Gott
Mohr Siebeck
Karl Tetzlaff, geboren 1987; 2008 − 2016 Studium der Ev. Theologie in Berlin, Prag und Halle; 2022 Promotion, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; seit 2021 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. orcid.org / 0000-0001-6667-1040
ISBN 978-3-16-161695-2 / eISBN 978-3-16-161869-7 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-161869-7 ISSN 1869-3962 / eISSN 2569-3913 (Dogmatik in der Moderne) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Natio nalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2022 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohrsiebeck.com Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für die Verbreitung, Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Das Buch wurde von Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen auf alterungsbeständiges Werkdruckpapier gedruckt und von der Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren gebunden. Printed in Germany.
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