Learn Persian with Chai & Conversation-Speak (L01-L90)

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In Persian, as in many other languages, there is a formal and an informal way of speaking. We will be covering this in more detail in later lessons. For now, however, chetor-ee is the

Lesson 1: How to Greet People and Ask How They're Doing Welcome to Lesson 1 of Learn Persian with Chai and Conversation! With Chai and Conversation, you'll learn to speak and understand conversational Persian, which is very different from written, formal Persian. In these lessons, we'll guide you through the beginning of the Persian language and

informal way of asking someone how they are, so it should only be used with people that you are familiar with. hālé shomā chetor-é is the formal expression for ʻhow are you.ʼ Spelling note: In written Persian, words are not capitalized. For this reason, we do not capitalize Persian words written in phonetic English in the guides. Note: In these guides, we provide the Persian word written both in phonetic English and in Persian script. It's not necessary to learn to read and write in order to learn to speak

help you learn the basics of Persian.

conversational Persian. However, it will help you with the

GREETINGS:

Persian language, especially since many quality resources salām hello

‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ chetor-ee how are you?

‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

learning process and will eventually open many doors for the assume you can read and write Persian. It's not very difficult to learn, especially with the Chai and Conversation Reading and Writing Program. It's a great thing to learn now in the beginning, since the deeper you get into learning, the more you'll be concentrating on more complicated aspects of the language, like grammar. So, although it's not necessary, we highly recommend you give it a try.

ANSWERS:

Pronunciation tip: Although this comes from the French word khoobam Iʼm well

‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

for ʻthank you,ʼ the pronunciation is slightly different. The ʻrʼ in the Persian version is rolled, rather than the guttural French ʻr.ʼ Bonus tip: Another common word for 'thank you' in Persian is

Pronunciation tip: kh is one of two unique sounds in the

mamnoon. This word can be used in place of merci in all these

Persian language that is not used in the English language. It

examples.

should be repeated daily until mastered, as it is essential to successfully speak Persian. Listen to the podcast for more information on how to make the sound. Conversation 1:

،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬ َ Matt: khoobam, merci, chetor-ee? ، ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ Leyla: khoobam, merci.

very

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ khayli khoobam

Leyla: salām matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

khayli

‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ merci thank you

‫ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

Iʼm very well

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ ِ khoob neestam Iʼm not well

‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ Cultural note: Just as you wouldnʼt hear an English speaker say ʻI am not wellʼ very o en, culturally, Iranians will rarely use this as an answer to the question ʻHow are you?ʼ Generally, the polite way to answer the question is to answer in a positive way, even if one is not feeling very postiive.

man

END OF LESSON 1

me/I

‫ﻣَﻦ‬ Note: At the end of the guide for each lesson, we provide Conversation 2:

bonus vocabulary for those who want to further their

Leyla: salām matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬ َ Matt: khoobam, merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ ، ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ Leyla: man, khoob neestam. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ ﺧﻮب‬،‫ﻣَﻦ‬

Pronunciation tip: The ʻaʼ in man is like the ʻaʼ in ʻhatʼ, not like the ʻaʼ in the English word ʻman.ʼ bad neestam Iʼm not bad

‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ Pronunciation tip: The ʻaʼ in bad, like the ʻaʼ in the previously learned man, is like the a in ʻhat,ʼ not like the ʻaʼ in the English word ʻbad.ʼ ālee great

‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬

understanding of the language at a quicker pace. These words are provided in the vocabulary list of each lesson so you can hear the way they are pronounced.

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): chetor-een? how are you? (formal)

‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬ ِ hālé shomā chetor-é? how are you? (formal)

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ hālet chetor-é? how are you? (informal)

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

khoob-ee? are you well? (informal)

‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬ mamnoon thank you

‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ chetor peesh meeré? howʼs it going?

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯿﺮِه؟‬ ِ ché khabar? whatʼs the news? (whatʼs up?)

‫ﭼﻪ ﺧَﺒَﺮ؟‬ ِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

shab bekheir good night َ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

Lesson 2: How to Greet People at Different Times of Day, Say Goodbye, and Introduce Yourself Greetings Throughout the Day: sobh bekheir good morning

‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ ﺑ‬ ُ rooz bekheir good day

‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ ‫روز ﺑ‬ asr bekheir good a ernoon َ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

Saying Goodbye:

‫ﻋَﺼﺮ‬

‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

khodāhāfez goodbye ُ‫ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬ Note: In casual speech, you will o en hear the shortened version of this word, which is khodāfez. Either way of saying it is completely valid. feʼlan goodbye (for now)

 ً‫ﻓِﻌﻼ‬ Note: The word feʼlan is usually used when saying goodbye on the phone, and o en is combined with pass, the Persian word for ʻthen,ʼ forming pass feʼlan. This means something along the lines of, ʻOk then, goodbye for now.ʼ bé omeedé deedār in hopes of seeing you again

‫ﺑِﺎُﻣﯿِﺪ دﯾﺪار‬

tā baʼad

khoshvaghtam

until later

pleased to meet you

‫ﺗﺎ ﺑ َ ﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 

Pronunciation tip: baʼad is a slightly tricky word. There is a stop in the middle of the word, making it more drawn out and thereby different than the word bad learned in the previous lesson. tā fardā until tomorrow

‫ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا‬

Introductions: esmé man ____________ hast. My name is __________.

Conversation: Leyla: salām sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

Matt : salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Leyla: chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Matt : khoobam merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

Leyla: khoobam merci. esmé man leyla hast. .

‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻟِﯿﻼ‬

Matt: esmé man mat hast. ‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬ َ

Leyla: khoshvaghtam! ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷَ ﻮﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 

written Persian. In written Persian, the word 'is' is ast. However, when spoken, the 'h' sound gets added to it and it sounds like hast.

‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

Matt : khoshvaghtam. ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷَ ﻮﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 

‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬ ِ ِ ‫ا‬. ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ــــــــ‬ Note: hast is one of the words that is different in spoken vs.

، ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

Translation: Leyla: Hello, good morning. Matt : Hello, good morning. Leyla: How are you? Matt : I am well thanks, and you? Leyla: I am well thanks. My name is Leyla.

Matt : My name is Matt.

safar bekheir

Leyla: Iʼm pleased (to meet you).

safe journey (bon voyage!َ)

Matt : Iʼm pleased (to meet you).

‫ﺳﻔَﺮ ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬  َ khodā negahdār

End of Lesson 2

goodbye (God keep you safeُ)

‫ﺧُﺪاﻧَِﮕﻬﺪار‬ 

Bonus Vocabulary (inquiring minds want to know): ghorbānat kind of you, your sacrifice

‫ﻗُﺮﺑﺎﻧ َﺖ‬  Cultural note: ghorbānat is a great example of Iranian exaggeration. It literally means ʻI am your sacrificeʼ or ʻI would sacrifice myself for you,ʼ and is used in many contexts, especially when saying goodbye. dorood! hi! greetingsُ!

‫دُرود‬

meebeenamet see you (informal, addressed to one person)

‫ﻣ ﺑﯿﻨَﻤِﺖ‬ 

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

USING THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF YOU:

Lesson 3: How to Introduce Where You are From, and Introducing the Different forms of You FORMS OF YOU:

va shomā? and you? (formal)

‫و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ esmé tō chee-yé? What is your name? (informal)

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ esmé shomā chee-yé? What is your name? (formal)

‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

shomā you (formal)

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

Note: chee-yé is the equivalent of the word chee which means ʻwhatʼ plus the word hast, which mean ʻis.ʼ In Persian, words

tō

are o en combined like this in conversational speech, making

you (informal)

written Persian very different than spoken Persian. In the PDF

‫ﺗﻮ‬

Guides of Chai and Conversation, we will represent two joined

Note: In general, Persian culture is very polite and respectful.

words with the use of a hyphen. We will get into the grammar and technicalities of such combined words in Unit 3.

When in doubt, you can comfortably default to the shomā form. However, you will be easily understood using either version of the word.

Conversation 1:

Leyla: salām sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Matt: salām, esmé man matt hast. esmé to chee-yé?

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﻮ ا‬

،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Matt: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

shomā ahlé kojā hasteen? Where are you from? (formal)

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬ Note: hasteen means ʻyou areʼ in Persian. There is another way to conjugate ʻto beʼ in the second person formal form,

Conversation 2:

however, and that is hasteed. When the word is written, it

‫ روز ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ Matt: rooz bekheir. esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﻢ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫روز ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬ Leyla: salām, rooz bekheir.

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. va shomā? ‫ﻟﯿﻼ‬

‫ و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ؟‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ Leyla: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

Matt: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

WHERE ARE YOU FROM? tō ahlé kojā hastee? Where are you from? (informal)

takes that form. However, in colloquial conversation, you are more likely to see the word conjugated as hasteen. This is the general rule for the formal second person conjugation of words in Persian- in written form, they appear as -eed, and in spoken colloquial form they appear as -een. Because Chai and Conversation focuses on conversational Persian, we will be learning the more colloquial spoken form throughout the lessons. man az _________ hastam. I am from __________.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ــــــ‬

SPECIFIC COUNTRIES:

‫ﻣِﮑﺰﯾﮏ‬

man az irān hastam. I am from Iran.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬

cānādā

āmrikā

‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎدا‬

Canada

the United States

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

DIALOGUE:

espāniā

ham

Spain

also

‫اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ

englees England

‫اِﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺲ‬ āllmān Germany

‫آﻟﻤﺎن‬ farāncé France

َ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻪ‬ ِ

Conversation 3: Leyla: salām, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Matt: khoobam merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ Leyla: bad neestam. esmé tō chee-yé?

‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

، ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ Leyla: tō ahlé kojā hastee, matt? ، ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﻮ ا‬ ‫ﻣَﺖ؟‬

mexic

Matt: man az āmrikā hastam. tō ahlé kojā hastee?

Mexico

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ َ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺗﻮ ا‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﻣَﻦ اَز‬

Leyla: man ham az āmrikā hastam! ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

‫ﻫﻢ اَز‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

cānādā Canada

‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎدا‬ otreesh Austria

Translation:

‫آﺗﺮﯾﺶ‬

Leyla: Hello, how are you? Matt: Iʼm good, thanks, how are you? Leyla: Not bad. Whatʼs your name? Matt: My name is Matt.

jāpon Japan

‫ژاﭘُﻦ‬

Leyla: Where are you from, Matt?

italiā

Matt: I am from the United States. Where are you from?

Italy

Leyla: I am also from the United States!

END OF LESSON 3 BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): man az tehrān hastam. I am from Tehran.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ از ﺗِﻬﺮان‬

‫اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ cheen China

‫ﭼﯿﻦ‬ hendoostān India

‫ﻫِﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن‬

Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ā

long a

like in not

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

hasteen? We teach it this way at the beginning of Chai and Conversation to give you a familiar way of asking the question and allowing you to communicate quickly and efficiently.

Lesson 4: How to Say Where You Live, and Answer Simple Questions ASKING WHERE OTHERS ARE FROM: tō az ___________ hastee? Are you from _________? (informal)

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫ﺗﻮ اَز ـــــــــــــــ‬ shomā az ___________ hasteen? Are you from _________? (formal)

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ از ـــــــــــــــ‬ Note: This is a very informal and simplified way of asking someone where they're from. Other ways of asking this question are tō ahlé _____ hastee or shomā ahlé ______

ANSWERS: balé yes

‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ āré yea

‫آري‬ na no

‫ﻧ َﻪ‬ Note: Just like in English, where you can substitute the word ʻyeahʼ for ʻyesʼ in casual conversation, the word āré can be used in Persian in informal contexts. However, just as you wouldnʼt use ʻyeaʼ in a context in which you should be more polite or proper, āré is less polite than balé, and should only be used in familiar and casual contexts.

man az __________ hastam. I am from _____________.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــــــ‬

Conversation 2: Leyla: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬

Note: In order to change a sentence from positive to negative, you use the word neestam instead of hastam. neestam means ʻI am not.ʼ

Matt: salām. esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ Leyla: man leyla hastam.

I am not from _____________.

‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــــــ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

Matt: salām. esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﺗﻮ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

Leyla: na, man az āmrikā neestam. man az irān hastam.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬.‫ ﻣَﻦ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬ Conversation note: Instead of answering the usual esmé man leyla hast, the phrase used was man leylā hastam. This simply

Conversation 1: Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﻼم اِﺳ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬

Matt: tō az āmrikā hastee? ‫؟‬ man az __________ neestam.

‫ ﺻﺒﺢ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

means ʻI am Leyla.ʼ

‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. va shomā? ‫ﻣَﺖ‬

‫ و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ؟‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

Matt: esmé man matt hast. shomā az āmrikā hasteen? ‫ﻢ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬

Leyla: balé, man az āmrikā hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

‫ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

man leyla hastam. I am Leyla.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬

TALKING ABOUT WHERE YOU LIVE: man dar __________ zendegee meekonam. I live in __________.

‫ﻣَﻦ دَر ـــــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

dar __________ zendegee meekonam.

kojā zendegee meekoneen?

I live in __________.

Where do you live? (formal)

‫دَر ـــــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬

tō kojā zendegee meekonee?

man az ______ hastam, vali hālā dar ______ zendegee

Where do you live? (informal)

meekonam.

‫ﺗ ُﻮ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬

I am from _______, but now I live in _______.

shomā kojā zendegee meekoneen?

‫ وﻟ دَر ـــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــ‬

Where do you live? (formal)

vali

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬

but

‫وَﻟ‬

Note: Just as you can drop the man when answering dar __________ zendegee meekonam, you can drop the noun

hālā

when asking a question as well. For example, when asking tō

now

kojā zendegee meekonee, you can simply say kojā zendegee

‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬

meekonee. The word meekonee indicates that you are speaking to an informal ʻyou.ʼ Similarly, you can simply say

Conversation 4:

kojā zendegee meekoneen instead of shomā kojā zendegee meekoneen, as the shomā is implied. kojā zendegee meekonee? Where do you live? (informal)

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬

Leyla: salām. ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Matt: asr bekheir. chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ Leyla: khoobam, merci.

‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

Matt: esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

.‫ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬

Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﻟﯿﻼ‬

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ َ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬

END OF LESSON 4:

Matt: na, man az irān neestam. man az āmrikā hastam. tō

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ Leyla: az irān hastee? ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫اَز اﯾﺮان‬ ham az āmrikā hastee?‫اَز‬

‫ ﻣَﻦ‬.‫ ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ َ ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ اَز آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ َ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬  Leyla: man az irān hastam, vali hālā dar āmrikā zendegee meekonam. ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ وﻟ ﺣﺎﻻ دَر‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬

Translation: Leyla: Hello. Matt: Good a ernoon. How are you? Leyla: Iʼm good, thanks. Matt: What is your name? Leyla: My name is Leyla. What is your name? Matt: My name is Matt. Leyla: Are you from Iran? Matt: No, I am not from Iran. I am from the United States.

eenjā here

‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ az eenjā hastee? Are you from here? (informal)

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ az eenjā hasteen? Are you from here? (formal)

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ az eenjā neestam. I am not from here.

‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ az eenjā hastam.

Are you also from the United States?

I am from here.

Leyla: I am from Iran, but now I live in the United States.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬

esmesh _________ hast. Its name is _________.

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ ــــــــــــ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺪر‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ dokhtar daughter (literally girl)

Lesson 5: How to Talk About Your Family, and Introduce Their Names FAMILY MEMBERS: barādar brother

‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬ khāhar sister

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ pesar son (literally boy)

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ shohar husband

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻮ‬ zan wife (literally woman)

‫زَن‬

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬

Note: As you can see above, the words for daughter, son, and

mādar

member. Rather, the listener must rely on context clues to

mother

differentiate whether, for example, you are talking about an

‫ﻣﺎدَر‬ pedar father

wife donʼt have a specific term relating them as a family

unrelated boy when you refer to a pesar or to your son.

BEING POSSESSIVE:

mādaré man

Note: As has been pointed out before, written Persian is very

my mother

different than spoken Persian. In written Persian, the above

‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻦ‬ Note: In the Persian language, when you are implying a relationship to a certain noun, you must link it to yourself literally in speech by adding an -é to the end of the noun. The -é is called an ezafé. When linking two nouns together to imply ownership, simply use this formula- belonging + é + owner. pesaré man my son

‫ﭘِﺴﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬ dokhtaré man my daughter

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬

INTRODUCTIONS: een _________-é man-é. This is my _________. (informal)

‫ه ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬-__________ ‫اﯾﻦ‬.

sentence would be een zané man hast. We will go over the technicalities of the grammar in Unit 3, but for now, know that man hast becomes man-é when translated from written Persian to conversational Persian. In other words, man hast = man-é. Conversation 1: Sām: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Maryam: salām. man maryam hastam. esmé tō chee-yé?

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬.‫ﺳﻼم‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

Sām: esmé man sām hast. een zané man-é, va een pesaré man-é.ِ ‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

‫ن ﻣَﻨِﻪ و اﯾﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎم‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ ِ َ‫ اﯾﻦ ز‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬

Maryam: khoshvaghtam. een shoharé man-é, va een dokhtaré man-é.ِ ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ و اﯾﻦ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

eeshoon _________-é man-and. This is my _________. (formal)

‫ه ﻣَﻨَﻨﺪ‬-__________ ‫اﯾﺸﻮن‬

‫ه‬-_________ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ‬

Note: Just as man-é is a combination of man and hast, manand is the spoken conversational equivalent of the written

esmeshoon _________-é.

man + hastand. hastand is the formal conjugation of the verb

Her/his name is _________. (formal)

hast, or ʻto be.ʼ

‫ه‬-_________ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺸﻮن‬

Also note: The more formal (and written) way to say esmeshoon is eshmeshān. But you will usually hear it spoken the way we are learning it.

Shirin: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

Conversation 2:

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Maryam: salām. man maryam hastam va eeshoon madaré man-and. ‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻨَﻨﺪ‬

‫ و اﯾﺸﻮن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬.‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Sām: khoshvaghtam. esmé man sām hast va een barādaré

‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Pedrām: salām. chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

Sām: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

man-é.ِ ‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬

Conversation 3:

‫ﻫﺴﺖ و اﯾﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎم‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

Maryam: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬

HIS/HER NAME IS: esmesh _________-é. Her/his name is _________. (informal)

،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Shirin: khoobam, merci. tō chetor-ee? ‫ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ

. ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

Pedrām: khoobam. esm-é tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬ ِ ‫ اﺳ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

Shirin: esmé man shirin hast. esmé to chee-yé? ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ َ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻢ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

Pedrām: esmé man pedrām hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﭘِﺪرام‬ ِ ‫اﺳ‬ Shirin: ahlé kojā hastee pedrām? ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﭘِﺪرام؟‬ َ ‫اﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ Pedrām: man ahlé esfāhān hastam. ‫ﻫﻞ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ا‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ Shirin: man ham ahlé esfāhān hastam, vali hālā dar pāris

‫ وَﻟ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ا‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ دَر ﭘﺎرﯾﺲ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ zendegee meekonam.

Pedrām: een zané man-é. esmesh marjon-é. .‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ ﻣَﺮﺟﺎﻧِﻪ‬

‫ن‬ ِ َ‫اﯾﻦ ز‬

END OF LESSON 5

Shirin: salām marjon. va een shoharé man-é. esmesh madani-yé. ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ‬

‫ﺪﻧﯿِﻪ‬ َ َ‫ﻣ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

.‫ﻫﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ َ ‫ و اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮ‬.‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺮﺟﺎن‬ َ

Pedrām: va een ham pesaré man-é. esmesh bobak-é. ‫اﯾﻦ‬

‫ اِﺳﻤِﺶ ﺑﺎﺑَﮑِﻪ‬.‫ﺴﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ َ َ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ ﭘ‬ Conversation 3 Translation: Shirin: Hello, good morning. Pedrām: Hello. How are you? Shirin: Iʼm well, thank you. How are you? Pedrām: Iʼm well. Whatʼs your name? Shirin: My name is Shirin. Whatʼs your name? Pedrām: My name is Pedrām. Shirin: Where are you from, Pedrām? Pedrām: I am from Esfāhān. Shirin: I am also from Esfāhān, but now I live in Paris. Pedrām: This is my wife. Her name is Marjon. Shirin: Hello Marjon. And this is my husband. His name is Madani. Pedrām: And this is my son. His name is Bobak.

‫و‬

hamsar spouse (either wife or husband)

‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬ َ َ ‫ﻫ‬ mādar bozorg grandmother

 ‫ﻣﺎدَر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ pedar bozorg grandfather

 ‫ﺪر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ khāle aunt (maternal)

 ‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ dāyee uncle (maternal)

‫داﯾﯽ‬

amé aunt (paternal)

Pronunciation Guide:

‫ﻋَﻤﻪ‬

a

short a

like in hat

amoo

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

uncle (paternal)

‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬

‫دارَم‬ yé a (one)

Lesson 6: How to Talk More About Your Family, and How to Count to Ten

‫ﯾِﻪ‬ Note: yé is a shortened, conversational version of the word yek, which means ʻoneʼ in Persian, and is used to mean ʻaʼ in the following phrases.

MORE FAMILY MEMBERS:

yé khāhar a sister/one sister

māmān mom

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﯾِﻪ ﺧﻮا‬

‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن‬

yé pesar a son/one son

bābā dad

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫ﯾِﻪ ﭘ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬

man yé khāhar dāram.

bābāyé tō your dad (informal)

‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎی ﺗﻮ‬ ِ dāram I have

I have a sister.

  ‫ﻫﺮ دارَم‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﯾِﻪ ﺧﻮا‬

NUMBERS:

1

yek

‫ﯾِﮏ‬

۱

‫ﯾِﮏ دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

2

dō

 ‫دو‬

۲

dō dokhtar

3

sé

 ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ِ

۳

4

chāhār

 ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬

۴

5

panj

 ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ‬

۵

6

sheesh

 ‫ﺷﯿﺶ‬

۶

7

ha

‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬ َ

۷

 ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬ َ

۸

 ‫ﻧﻪ‬

۹

 ‫ده‬

۱۰

8 9 10

hasht noh dah

FORMING PLURALS: yek dokhtar one daughter

two daughters

‫دو دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ yek barādar one brother

‫ﯾِﮏ ﺑَﺮادَر‬ dō barādar two brothers

‫دو ﺑَﺮادَر‬ yek pesar one son

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫ﯾِﮏ ﭘ‬ dō pesar two sons

 ‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫دو ﭘ‬ Grammar note: In English, we indicate a plural number of items by adding an ʻsʼ to the noun, such as one car versus two cars. The Persian language does not have this distinction.

Singular and plural nouns are the same, as seen in the above examples.

Translation: Farzaneh: Hello?

GIVING NAMES:

Leyla: Hello!

esmāshoon _______ va _______ hast. Their names are ________ and ________.

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫اِﺳﻢ اﺷﻮن ـــــــــــ و ـــــــــــ‬

Farzaneh: Hello! Leyla: What is your name? Farzaneh: I am Farzaneh. Leyla: Who are you? Farzaneh: I am your mother. Leyla: Hello mother! Yes, you are my mother, and I am your daughter.

Farzaneh: allo? ‫اﻟﻮ؟‬ Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Farzaneh: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Leyla: esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

Farzaneh: man farzaneh hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ Leyla: shomā kee hasteen? ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻓﺮزاﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﮐ‬

Farzaneh: man madaré tō hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﺗﻮ‬

Leyla: salām māmān! balé, shomā mādaré man hasteen, va man dokhtaré shomā hastam. ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣﺎﻣﺎن! ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ و ﻣَﻦ دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻦ‬

END OF LESSON 6 BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

sefr zero

‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ِ kee who

‫ﮐ‬ tō dokhtaré man hastee you are my daughter

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﺗﻮ دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

mohandes engineer

‫ﻣُﻬَﻨﺪِس‬

Lesson 7: How to Talk About Your Job and Where You Work

vakeel lawyer

‫وَﮐﯿﻞ‬ neveesandé writer

JOBS:

‫ﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪِه‬ َ ِ‫ﻧ‬ (man) moʼalem hastam.

meʼmār

I am a teacher.

architect

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ Note: In the Persian language, the subject of the sentence is

‫ﻣِﻌﻤﺎر‬ (man) vakeel hastam.

indicated in the verb, and therefore, subject pronouns can be

I am a lawyer.

omitted from the sentence. From now on, we will show the

 ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫وَﮐﯿﻞ‬

subject pronouns in parentheses in the pdf guides to show

(man) shāgerd hastam.

that they are optional. shāgerd student

‫ﺷﺎﮔِﺮد‬

I am a student.

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺷﺎﮔِﺮد‬

ASKING OTHERS WHAT THEY DO: (shomā) moʼalem hasteen? Are you a teacher? (formal)

Conversation 1: Leyla: salām, man moʼalem hastam.‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

  ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬

Matt: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

(shomā) moʼalem hasteen.

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ َ

You are a teacher. (formal)

 ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ Note: The intonation of the sentence implies whether it is a question or a statement.

Leyla: tō chetor? tō ham moʼalem hastee? ‫ﺗﻮ‬ Matt: na, man moʼalem neestam. Leyla: ché kāré hastee? ‫؟‬

Matt: man vakeel hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ Translation Conversation 1:

You are a teacher. (informal)

Leyla: Hello, I am a teacher.

(tō) ché kāré hastee? What do you do? (informal)

 ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬ ِ (shomā) ché kāré hasteen? What do you do? (formal)

 ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬ ِ

‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﻌﻠِﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬ ِ

(tō) moʼalem hastee.

  ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬

‫ ﻣَﻦ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

‫ﻣَﻦ وَﮐﯿﻞ‬

Matt: Hello! Leyla: What about you? Are you also a teacher? Matt: No, I'm not a teacher. Leyla: What do you do? Matt: I am a lawyer.

‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧِﻪ‬

tō chetor? What about you? (informal)

  ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬

ASKING OTHERS WHAT THEY DO:

TALKING ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT YOU LIKE YOUR JOB: (tō) kāret-ō doost dāree? Do you like your job? (informal)

 ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬

(man) dar edaré kār meekonam. I work in an office

 ‫دَر اِدارِه ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

(shomā) kāretoon-ō doost dareen?

(man) dar _________ kār meekonam.

 ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮﻧﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﻦ؟‬

I work in a/an _________.

Do you like your job? (formal)

 ‫دَر ــــــــــ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Note: kāret-ō is actually a combination of kāret + rā, (and

restoorān

example of how written Persian is different from spoken

restaurant

Persian.

kāretoon-ō is a combination of karetoon + ra), another

‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬

balé, (man) kāram-ō doost daram.

beemārestān

Yes, I like my job.

hospital

‫ )ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎَرﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬

na, (man) kāram-ō doost nadaram.

kārkhooné

No, I donʼt like my job.

factory

‫ )ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

TALKING ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT YOU WORK:

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرِه‬ ِ ،‫داﻧﯿﯿﻞ‬

Daniel: man doktor hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

‫ﻣَﻦ دُﮐﺘُﺮ‬

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬

Daniel: dar beemārestan kār meekonam. ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬

I work.

(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Sara: kāret-ō doost dāree? ‫داری؟‬

(man) kār nemeekonam.

‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ‬

Daniel: balé, khayli kāram-ō doost dāram.

I donʼt work.

‫ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎر ﻧﻤﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ (man) beekāram.

Conversation 2 Translation:

I am jobless.

(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﺑﯽ ﮐﺎرَم‬

Sara: Hello! My name is Sara.

(man) bāzneshasté hastam.

Daniel: Hello! I am Daniel. Sara: Daniel, what do you do?

I am retired.

Daniel: I am a doctor.

(‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﺑﺎزﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘِﻪ‬

Sara: Where do you work? Daniel: I work in a hospital.

Conversation 2:

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

Sara: daniel, ché karé hastee? ‫؟‬ Sara: kojā kār meekonee? ‫؟‬

(man) kār meekonam.

Sara: salām! esmé man sara hast. ‫ﺳﺎرا‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

Sara: Do you like your job?

‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

Daniel: salām! man daniel hastam. ‫داﻧﯿﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻼم! ﻣَﻦ‬

Daniel: Yes, I really like my job.

END OF LESSON 7

‫دَر‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ ،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): hesābdār accountant

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪار‬ ِ āshpaz cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰ‬ gārson waiter

‫ﮔﺎرﺳﻦ‬ ُ dandoon pezeshk dentist

‫دَﻧﺪان ﭘِﺰِﺷﮏ‬ khalabān pilot

‫ﺧَﻠَﺒﺎن‬ honarmand artist

‫ﻫُﻨَﺮﻣَﻨﺪ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

(man) shookoolāt doost dāram. I like chocolate.

 ‫ﺷﮑ ُﻼت دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

Lesson 8: How to Talk About Your Likes and Dislikes ASKING THE QUESTION:

(man) tabeeʼat doost dāram. I like nature.

  ‫ﻃﺒﯿ َﺖ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ (man) varzesh doost dāram. I like sports.

  ‫وَرزش دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

(shomā) kāretoon-ō doost dāreed?

(man) mooseeghee doost dāram.

Do you like your job? (formal)

I like music.

 ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮﻧﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﺪ؟‬

 ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

(tō) kāret-ō doost dāree? Do you like your job? (informal)

‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬

THINGS YOU LIKE: doost dāram I like

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

Pronunciation note: gh is a sound that we have not yet covered in Chai and Conversation. Like kh it is a sound that does not exist in the English language. It can somewhat be described as an exaggerated ʻgulpingʼ sound and is made at the very back of the mouth. Practice the sound o en as it is essential to speak the Persian language competently. (man) charlie chaplin rā doost dāram. I like Charlie Chaplin.

 ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻦ را دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

(man) doost dāram varzesh bokonam.

Note: rā has no direct translation in the English language and

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم وَرزِش ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

can best be described as a ʻdirect object marker.ʼ Learning the proper use of the word rā is one of the trickier aspects of learning the Persian language. In this case, it is used to specify a proper noun, or to say that you specifically like Charlie Chaplin, not all actors. rā gets further simplified in speech by becoming a simple -ō at the end of a proper noun. So in the above example, chārlie chāplin + rā = chārlie chāplinō.

I like to exercise.

(man) doost dāram chookoolāt bokhoram. I like to eat chocolate.

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت ﺑُﺨُﻮرَم‬ (man) doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram. I like to learn Persian.

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﺎرﺳ ﯾﺎد ﺑﮕﯿﺮَم‬

(man) charlie chaplin-ō doost dāram.

Note: The word varzesh is used both in the phrase varzesh

I like Charlie Chaplin.

doost dāram and doost dāram varzesh bokonam. It is the

  ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻨﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

same word, but in the first context, it is more commonly

THINGS YOU LIKE TO DO: (man) doost dāram feelm bebeenam. I like to watch movies.

understood to mean ʻsports,ʼ and in the second context, it most likely refers to physical exercising.

THINGS YOU REALLY LIKE:

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬

(man) shookoolāt khayli doost dāram.

(man) doost dāram ketāb bekhoonam.

  ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت‬

I like to read books.

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

I really like chocolate.

(man) charlie chaplin-ō khayli doost dāram.

(man) tabeeʼat doost nadāram.

I really like Charlie Chaplin.

I do not like nature.

 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻨﻮ‬

 ‫ﻃَﺒﯿ َﺖ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬

THINGS YOU REALLY LIKE TO DO:

THINGS YOU DON’T LIKE TO DO:

(man) khayli doost dāram feelm bebeenam.

(man) doost nadāram ketāb bekhoonam.

I really like to watch movies.

I do not like to read books.

 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑِﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬ ِ

‫دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

(man) khayli doost dāram chookoolāt bokhoram.

(man) doost nadāram varzesh bokonam.

I really like to eat chocolate.

I do not like to exercise.

 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت ﺑُﺨُﻮرم‬ ِ

 ‫دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم وَرزِش ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

THINGS YOU DON’T LIKE: (man) kāram-ō doost nadāram. I do not like my job.

 ‫ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬ (man) shookoolāt doost nadāram. I do not like chocolate.

 ‫ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬

Leyla: Matt:

salām matt. chetor-ee? ‫ ِﭼطوری؟‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬ salām leyla. bad neestam. tō chetor-ee? ‫ َﺑد‬،‫َﺳﻼم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬

‫ ﺗو ِﭼطوری؟‬.‫ﻧﯾﺳ َﺗم‬ Leyla:

khoobam, merci. .‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم‬.

Matt: bebeenam leyla, che kāré hastee? ‫ﮑﺎره‬ ِ ‫ ِﭼ‬،‫ِﺑﺑﯾ َﻧم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬ ‫َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬ Leyla: man meʼmār hastam va fārsi ham dars meedam. tō chetor, che kāré hastee? ‫ ﺗو‬.‫َﻣن ﻣِﻌﻣﺎر َھﺳ َﺗم و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ َھم دَ رس ﻣﯾدَ م‬ ‫ﮑﺎره َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬ ِ ‫ ِﭼ‬،‫ِﭼطور‬

Matt:

man kār nadāram. shāgerd hastam. fārsi yād

meegeeram. ‫ﻣﯾﮕﯾرم‬ ‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﯾﺎد‬.‫ ﺷﺎﮔِرد ھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫دارم‬ َ َ ‫َﻣن ﮐﺎر َﻧ‬ Leyla: Matt:

I also really like to exercise, and I really like to learn

Persian.

khayli khoobé. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬ kāret-ō doost dāree? ‫ﮐﺎرﺗو دوﺳت داری؟‬ ِ

Leyla: khayli kāram-ō doost dāram. Va doost daram ketāb bekhoonam va varzesh bokonam. ‫ و‬.‫دارم‬ َ ‫ﮐﺎرﻣو دوﺳت‬ َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬ ‫رزش ُﺑﮑُ َﻧم‬ َ ‫دوﺳت‬ ِ ‫دارم ﮐِﺗﺎب ِﺑﺧو َﻧم و َو‬ Matt:

Matt:

man ham khayli doost dāram varzesh bokonam. va

khayli doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram. ‫دارم‬ َ ‫َﻣن َھم ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳت‬ ‫ﮕﯾرم‬ َ ‫دارم ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﯾﺎد ِﺑ‬ َ ‫رزش ُﺑﮑُ َﻧم و ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳت‬ ِ ‫َو‬

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): ché kārhāyee doost dāree bokonee? What do you like to do? (informal)

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ دوﺳﺖ داری ﺑُﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ ِ ché kārhāyee doost dāreen bokoneen?

Leyla: Matt:

Hello Matt. How are you? Hi Leyla. Iʼm not bad. How are you?

Leyla:

Iʼm good, thanks.

Matt: Letʼs see, Leyla, what do you do? Leyla: I am an architect, and I also teach Persian. What about you, what do you do? Matt:

I donʼt have a job. I am a student. I am learning

Persian. Leyla: Matt: Leyla:

Thatʼs great. Do you like your job? I really like my job. And I like to read books, and I

like to exercise.

What do you like to do? (formal)

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﻦ ﺑِﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ ِ āshpazee doost dāram. I like cooking.

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ doost dāram piāno bezanam. I like to play piano.

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﭘﯿﺎﻧﻮ ﺑِﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬ doost dāram geetār bezanam. I like to play guitar.

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﮔﯿﺘﺎر ﺑِﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬

doost dāram footbāl bāzee bokonam. I like to play football.

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺑﺎزی ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‘MY NAME IS’ REVISTED: esm-am ________-é

Lesson 9: How to Use Question Words, More Family Vocabulary, and a Few Filler Words and Phrases

My name is ____________ (name ending with consonant)

‫ه‬-‫اِﺳﻤَﻢ ــــــــــــ‬ Note: esm-am means ʻmy name,ʼ since -am is the personal ending for ʻIʼ. esm-am ________-st My name is ____________ (name ending with vowel)

‫ﺳﺖ‬-‫اِﺳﻤَﻢ ــــــــــــ‬

‘HOW ARE YOU’ REVISTED: (shomā) chetor-een? How are you? (formal)

 ‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬ ِ hāl-é shomā chetor-é?

MORE MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY: khānevādé family

How are you? (formal)

‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

hamsar

hāl-et chetor-é? How are you? (informal)

‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

spouse

‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬ َ َ ‫ﻫ‬

AUNTS:

dāyee khālé maternal aunt

‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ amé paternal aunt

‫ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ dokhtar/pesar khālé cousin (from maternal aunt)

‫ﺴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ dokhtar/pesar amé cousin (from paternal aunt)

‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ Note: dokhtar is the word for girl, and pesar is the word for boy. There is no direct translation of ʻcousin.ʼ Rather, the word is a more literal construction of the gender and side of family your cousin is from.

UNCLES:

maternal uncle

‫داﯾﯽ‬ amoo paternal uncle

‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬ dokhtar/pesar dāyee girl / boy cousin (from maternal uncle)

‫ﺴﺮ داﯾﯽ‬ َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ dokhtar/pesar amoo girl / boy cousin (from paternal uncle)

‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤﻮ‬ َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

QUESTION WORDS: kee who

‫ﮐ‬ kay when

ِ‫ﮐ‬

kojā

kojā-yee?

where

Where are you? (informal)

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎﯾﯽ؟‬

chee

kojā-yeen?

what

Where are you? (formal)

‫ﭼ‬

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎﯾﯿﻦ؟‬

Pronunciation note: In written Persian, chee is pronounced

chee doost dāree?

ché. It is sometimes pronounced this way in spoken Persian

What do (would) you like?

‫ﭼ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬

as well. chetor how

chetor peesh meeré? Howʼs it going?

‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬ ِ

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯿﺮِه؟‬ ِ

kodoom

een kee-yé?

which

‫ﮐ ُﺪوم‬ Pronunciation note: In written Persian, kodoom is actually kodām.

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS:

Who is this?

‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬ cherā na? Why not?

‫ﭼﺮا ﻧ َﻪ؟‬ ِ

END OF LESSON 9

chetor-é?

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

How is he/she?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ

chand

cheghadr

how many

how much

‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ

chand tā how many (colloquial)

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ َ chegooné how (more literary)

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ِِ ِِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﮐﻮ‬

ā

long a

like in not

chee-yé?

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

koo

Where is it? (colloquial)

What is it?

‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

7. eeshoon mādar-é man hastand. ______________________________________________________ 8. man sé khāhar dāram.

Lesson 10: Review of Unit 1!

______________________________________________________ 9. man dar karkhooné kār meekonam. ______________________________________________________ 10. chekāré hastee? ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE ONE: The following phrases feature vocabulary sampled from Lesson 1 through 9. Translate them into English: 1. salām, chetor-ee?

11. man vakeel hastam. ______________________________________________________ 12. kāram-ō doost dāram. ______________________________________________________ 13. ahlé kojā hastee?

_______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. bé omeedé deedār _______________________________________________________________ 3. shomā ahl-é kojā hasteen? _______________________________________________________________ 4. man az espāniā hastam. _______________________________________________________________ 5. man az āmrikā neestam. _______________________________________________________________ 6. kojā zendegee meekonee? _______________________________________________________________

1. Hello, how are you? (informal) 2. Hope to see you 3. Where are you from? (formal) 4. I am from Spain 5. I am not from the United States 6. Where do you live? 7. This is my mother 8. I have 3 sisters 9. I work in a factory 10. What do you do? (informal) 11. I am a lawyer 12. I like my job 13. Where are you from? (informal)

_____________________________________ 4. esm-é man Sherry hast. _____________________________________

EXERCISE TWO: Write the following Persian phrases in reduced form: 1. esm-é man Sara hast. _____________________________________ 2. esm-é man Jacob hast. _____________________________________ 3. esm-é man Matt hast. 1. esm-am sārā-st 2. esm-am jacob-é 3. esm-am matté 4. esm-am sherry-st

EXERCISE THREE: Match the English phrases on top with their Persian

hastam. g. esm-é tō chee-yé? h. man dar edāré kār meekonam.

translations at the bottom- letters with numbers.

i. bad neestam

1. What is your name? (informal)

k. man az pāris hastam.

2. I am from Paris. 3. I live in Canada. 4. Where do you live? (formal) 5. This is my sister. Her name is Kathy.

j. tā fardā. l. shab bekhayr m. kāret-ō doost dāree? n. kojā zendegee meekoneen? o. man mooseeghee doost dāram.

6. Until tomorrow. 7. I have a sister and a brother. 8. I work in an office. 9. I am an architect. 10. I like music. 11. I like to learn Persian. 12. Do you like your job? (informal) 13. What is your name? (formal) 14. Goodnight 15. I am not bad. a. doost dāram farsi yād begeeram. b. man yek khahar dāram va yek barādar dāram. c. man dar cānādā zendegee meekonam. d. esmé tō chee-yé? e. een khāharé man-é. esmesh kathy-é. f. man memār

1. d 2. k 3. c 4. n 5. e 6. j 7. b 8. h 9. f 10. o 11. a 12. m 13. g 14. l 15. i

1. yek 2. dō 3. sé 4. chāhār 5. panj 6. sheesh 7. haft 8. hasht 9. noh 10. dah

EXERCISE FOUR: Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian: 1

____________________________

2

____________________________

3

____________________________

4

____________________________

5

____________________________

6

____________________________

7

____________________________

8

____________________________

9

____________________________

10

____________________________

EXERCISE FIVE: Now try writing the following sentences:

1. I have 3 sisters and 2 brothers. ______________________________________________________ 2. I have 4 fathers. ______________________________________________________

3. I have 8 sons. _______________________________________________________________ 4. I have 1 mother. _______________________________________________________________ 5. I have a wife.

DIALOGUES:

_______________________________________________________________ 6. I have 2 husbands. (hmmm...)

Conversation 1: _______________________________________________________________ 7. I have 6 daughters.

Andy: salām sobh bekhair, chetor-ee? ،‫ ﺻُﺑﺢ ِﺑﺧِﯾر‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬ _______________________________________________________________ ‫ِﭼطوری؟‬ Arezoo: salām khoob-am merci, chetor-ee? ،‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ ﺧو َﺑم‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬ ‫ِﭼطوری؟‬ Andy: khayli khoob-am, merci. man andy hastam. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬ ‫ َﻣن اَﻧدی َھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم‬ Arezoo: esmé man ārezoo hast. eeshoon mādaré manand. ‫ اﯾﺷون ﻣﺎدَ ِر َﻣ َﻧﻧد‬.‫آرزو َھﺳت‬ ِ ‫ﺳم َﻣن‬ ِ َ‫ا‬

Khanoom Tehrani: salām, man khānoom tehrāni hastam. ‫ َﻣن ﺧﺎﻧم ﺗِﮭراﻧﯽ َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬ ُ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ Andy: salām, hālé shomā chetor-é? ‫ﺷﻣﺎ ِﭼطوره؟‬ ِ ،‫َﺳﻼم‬ Khanoom Tehrani: khoob-am merci. ‫ﺧو َﺑم ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬ Arezoo: baché dāree? ‫َﺑﭼﮫ داری؟‬ Andy:

balé, yé pesar dāram, esmesh hast cyrus, va yé

dokhtar dāram, esmesh hast seemā. ‫ اِﺳﻣِش َھﺳت‬،‫دارم‬ َ ‫ ِﯾﮫ ِﭘ َﺳر‬،‫َﺑﻠﮫ‬ ‫ اِﺳﻣِش َھﺳت ﺳﯾﻣﺎ‬،‫دارم‬ َ ‫ﺳﯾروس و ِﯾﮫ ُدﺧ َﺗر‬

Arezoo: ahlé eenjā hastee? ‫ھل اﯾﻧﺟﺎ َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬ ِ َ‫ا‬

Andy:

Hello, how are you?

Andy: na, man az irān hastam, vali dar Paris zendegee

Khanoom Tehrani: I am well, thanks.

meekonam. ‫ َوﻟﯽ دَ ر ﭘﺎرﯾس ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬،‫ َﻣن اَز اﯾران َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﻧﮫ‬

Arezoo: Do you have children?

Arezoo: man va mādaram az irān hasteem, va dar shirāz

Andy:

zendegee meekoneem. ‫ و دَ ر ﺷﯾراز ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ‬،‫َﻣن و ﻣﺎدَ َرم اَز اﯾران َھﺳﺗﯾم‬

daughter, her

‫ﻣﯾﮑُﻧﯾم‬

Arezoo: Are you from here?

Andy: khob, khoshvakhtam, tā baʼad. ‫ ﺗﺎ َﺑﻌد‬،‫ﺧوﺷوﻗ َﺗم‬ ،‫ﺧوب‬ َ

Andy:

Arezoo: balé, tā baʼad. ‫ ﺗﺎ َﺑﻌد‬،‫َﺑﻠِﮫ‬

Arezoo: My mother and I are from Iran, and we live in

Khanoom Tehrani: khodāhāfez! ‫ﺧداﺣﺎﻓِظ‬

Shiraz.

Yes, I have a son, his name is Cyrus, and I have a name is Seema.

No, I am from Iran, but I live in Paris.

Andy: Well, pleased to meet you, until later. az _________ hasteem we are from ____________.

Arezoo: Yes, until later. Khanoom Tehrani: Goodbye!

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ ‫از ــــــــــــ‬ dar ___________ zendegee meekoneem we live in _______________

‫در ــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ Translation: Andy:

Hello, good morning. How are you?

Arezoo: Hello, Iʼm well thanks. How are you? Andy:

Iʼm very well, thank you. I am Andy.

Arezoo: My name is Arezoo. This is my mother. Khanoom Tehrani: Hello, I am Mrs. Tehrani.

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

doost dāram zabān yād begeeram I like to learn languages

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم زَﺑﺎن ﯾﺎد ﺑِﮕﯿﺮَم‬

Lesson 11: How to Speak About the Languages You Know RE-INTRODUCTIONS: Matt: esmé man matt hast. dar austin zendegee meekonam. shāgerd hastam va mooseeghee doost dāram, varzesh doost daram, va doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram.

I SPEAK...: fārsi sohbat meekonam I speak Persian

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ (tō) fārsi sohbat meekonee? Do you speak Persian? (informal)

(‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ (shomā) fārsi sohbat meekoneen? Do you speak Persian? (formal)

Leyla: man leylā hastam. irāni hastam, vali man ham dar austin zendegee meekonam. mooseegheeyé kelāssic doost dāram, doost dāram feelm bebeenam, va doost dāram zabān yād begeeram. irāni hastam I am Iranian

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ َ

(‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ (tō) fārsi sohbat meekonee. You speak Persian. (informal)

( ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬. ُ (shomā) fārsi sohbat meekoneed. You speak Persian. (formal)

(‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ

Note: sohbat meekoneed is the formal written version of 'to

āllmānee

speak'- it's not used in conversation. In conversation, you'll

German

‫آﻟﻤﺎﻧ‬

hear sohbat meekoneen. (man) fārsi sohbat nemeekonam I donʼt speak Persian

eetāleeyāyee Italian

 (‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻧِﻤﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ

‫اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

(man) kami fārsi sohbat meekonam

jāponee

I speak a bit of Persian

Japanese

  (‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐ َﻤ ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ُ

‫ژاﭘُﻨ‬ Pronunciation tip: Notice that the ʻjʼ sound in jāponee is

LANGUAGES:

another sound in the Persian language that is not found in the

engleesee English

English language. It is more similar to the French ʻjʼ than the flat English sound used in ʻJapanese.ʼ

‫اﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺴ‬

cheenee Chinese

farānsavee

‫ﭼﯿﻨ‬

French

َ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻮی‬ َ espānyāyee

LANGUAGES:

Spanish

meefahmam

‫اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

I understand

‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬ meefahmee you understand (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤ‬ meefahmeen you understand (formal)

nemeefahmam I donʼt understand

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬ bebakhsheed Iʼm sorry

‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤﯿﻦ‬

bebakhsheed, fārsi nemeefahmam

(man) fārsi meefahmam

‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻧِﻤﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬

I understand Persian

Iʼm sorry, I donʼt understand Persian

 (‫ﻣَﻦ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬

dāram fārsi yād meegeeram

(tō) fārsi meefahmee

‫دارَم ﻓﺎرﺳ ﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَم‬

you understand Persian (informal)

( ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤ‬ (shomā) fārsi meefahmeen you understand Persian (formal)

(‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤﯿﻦ‬ kami fārsi meefahmam I understand a bit of Persian

‫ﮐ َﻤ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬

Iʼm learning Persian.

SLOWING DOWN: lotfan yavāshtar sohbat kon please speak more slowly (informal)

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬ lotfan yavāshtar sohbat koneen please speak more slowly (formal)

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬

meeshé yavāshtar sohbat koneen?

_______________ bé fārsi chee meeshé?

Could you speak more slowly? (formal)

How do you say __________ in Persian?

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ ِ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬

 ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬ ‫ــــــــــــــ ﺑِﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﭼ‬ ِ

Note: meeshé means something along the lines of ʻis it possible.ʼ In written Persian, it is meeshavad, but it is rarely, if

END OF LESSON 11

ever, spoken that way. yavāshtar lotfan slower please

ً ‫ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): arabee

meeshé lotfan tekrār konee?

Arabic

Could you please repeat? (informal)

‫ﻋﺮَﺑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺗِﮑﺮار ﮐ ُﻨ ؟‬ ِ

meeshé lotfan tekrār koneen? Could you please repeat? (formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺗِﮑﺮار ﮐُﻨَﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ ِ

HOW DO YOU SAY:

roosee Russian

‫روﺳ‬ so-edee Swedish

‫ﺳﻮﺋﺪی‬

bé fārsi chee meeshé?

hendee

How do you say it in Persian?

Hindi

‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬ ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﭼ‬ ِ

‫ﻫِﻨﺪی‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ َ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ ﺑَﻠ‬

dorost meegam? Am I saying it correctly

‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﮕَﻢ؟‬ chejoor talafoz meeshé? how is it pronounced?

‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺟﻮر ﺗ َﻠَﻔُﻆ‬ ِ ِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

‫ﮐ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﺎرﺳ زَﺑﺎﻧِﻪ؟‬

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

fārsi baladam

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

kee eenjā fārsi zabān-é? whatʼs the news? (whatʼs up?)

I know Persian

Lesson 12: More Numbers, and the Months, Days and Seasons HIGHER NUMBERS: 11 yāzdah 12 davāzdah 13 seezdah 14 chāhārdah 15 poonzdah 16 shoonzdah 17 heevdah

‫ﯾﺎزدَه‬ ‫دوازدَه‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺰدَه‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎردَه‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺰدَه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧﺰدَه‬ ‫ﺪه‬ َ ‫ﻫﯿﻔ‬

۱۱ ۱۲ ۱۳ ۱۴ ۱۵ ۱۶ ۱۷

18 heezhdah

‫ﺪه‬ َ ‫ﻫﯿﺠ‬

۱۸

19 noozdah

‫ﻧﻮزدَه‬

۱۹

20 beest

‫ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ‬    

۲۰

21 beest ō yek

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﯾِﮏ‬

۲۱

22 beest ō dō

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دو‬

۲۲

23 beest ō sé

‫ﺳﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬

۲۳

24 beest ō chāhār

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﭼﻬﺎر‬

۲۴

25 beest ō panj

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﭘَﻨﺦ‬

۲۵

26 beest ō sheesh

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﺷﯿﺶ‬

۲۶

27 beest ō ha

‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬

۲۷

28 beest ō hasht

‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬

۲۸

29 beest ō noh

‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﻧ ُﻪ‬

۲۹

‫ﺳ‬

۳۰

600 sheeshsad

‫ﺸﺼﺪ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷ‬

۶۰۰

40 chehel

‫ﭼﻬِﻞ‬ ِ

۴۰

700 ha sad

‫ﻔﺘﺼﺪ‬ َ َ ‫ﻫ‬

۷۰۰

50 panjāh

‫ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬

۵۰

800 hashtsad

‫ﺸﺘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ َ َ

۸۰۰

60 shast

‫ﺷَ ﺼﺖ‬

۶۰

900 nohsad

‫ﺻﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻧ ُﻪ‬

۹۰۰

70 ha ād

‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد‬ َ

۷۰

1,000hezār

‫ﻫِﺰار‬

۱۰۰۰

80 hashtād

‫ﻫﺸﺘﺎد‬ َ

۸۰

2,000dō hezār

‫دو ﻫِﺰار‬

۲۰۰۰

90 navad

‫ﻧَﻮَد‬

۹۰

100 sad

‫ﺻﺪ‬ َ

۱۰۰

30 see

200 deeveest

‫دِوﯾﺴﺖ‬

۲۰۰

300 seesad

‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪ‬ َ

۳۰۰

400 chāhārsad

‫ﭼﻬﺎرﺻﺪ‬ َ

۴۰۰

500 poonsad

‫ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ‬ َ

۵۰۰

  45

chehel o panj

167 sad o shast o ha

‫ﭼﻬِﻞ و ﭘَﻨﺞ‬ ِ

۴۵

‫ﺻﺪ و ﺷَ ﺼﺖ و‬ َ ۱۶۷ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬ َ

555 poonsad o panjā o ‫و‬ panj

‫ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ و ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬ ۵۵۵ َ ‫دو‬

1,702hezār o ha sad o dō

‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و‬ َ ‫ﻫِﺰار و‬

۱۷۰۲

‫دو‬

would take place in the city on Mondays, and people would travel from all around the region to attend the market on that day. sé shanbé Tuesday

DAYS OF THE WEEK: shanbé Saturday

‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒ ِﻪ‬ yek shanbé Sunday

‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ dō shanbé Monday

‫دو ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ Cultural note: You might recognize the word dō shanbé as the name of the capital of Tajikestan. Farsi is also the official language spoken in Tajikestan, although they speak using a slightly different dialect. The name of the capital comes from the fact that traditionally, there was a large market that

‫ﺳﻪ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ ِ chāhār shanbé Wednesday

 ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ panj shanbé Thursday

 ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ jomʼé Friday

‫ﺟُﻤﻌﻪ‬ Pronunciation note: There is a stop between the ʻmʼ sound and final sound of the word jomʼé, so make sure to add a slight pause to the word for the correct pronunciation. jomʼé tateelé! Friday is off!

‫ﻄﯿﻞ‬ َ ‫ﺟُﻤﻌﻪ ﺗ‬ ِ

WESTERN (GREGORIAN) CALENDAR MONTHS: jānviyé January

‫ژاﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ fevriyé February

zhuʼan June

‫ژوﺋﻦ‬ zhuʼiyé July

‫ژوﺋﯿِﻪ‬ oot August

‫اوت‬

‫ﻓِﻮرﯾﻪ‬

septembre

mārs

‫ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬ ِ

March

September

‫ﻣﺎرس‬

octobre

āvril

‫اُﮐﺘُﺒﺮ‬

April

October

‫اورﯾﻞ‬

novembre

meh

‫ﻧ ُﻮاﻣﺒﺮ‬

May

‫ﻣِﻪ‬

November

decembre December

‫دِﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬

1st

aval

‫اَوَل‬

2nd

dovom

‫دُوُم‬

3rd

sevom

‫ﺳﻮُم‬ ِ

‫ﺑَﻬﺎر‬

4th

chārom (chāhārom)

‫ﺟﻬﺎرُم‬

tābestoon

5th

panjom

‫ﭘَﻨﺠُﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑِﺴﺘﺎن‬

6th

sheeshom

‫ﺷﯿﺸُ ﻢ‬

pāʼyeez

7th

ha om

‫ﻫﻔﺘُﻢ‬ َ

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ‬

8th

hashtom

‫ﻫﺸﺘُﻢ‬ َ

zemestoon

9th

nohom

‫ﻧُﻬُﻢ‬

SEASONS: bahār spring

summer

autumn

winter

‫زِﻣِﺴﺘﺎن‬

ORDINAL NUMBERS:

10th dahom

‫دَﻫُﻢ‬

Note: The first three cardinal numbers are irregular. A er that, simply add -om, to the end of the number in order to make a cardinal number ordinal.

DATES:

emrooz beest o hashtom-é jānviyé hast emrooz today

‫اِﻣﺮوز‬ dovom-é jānviyé second of January

‫م ژاﻧﻮﯾِﻪ‬ ِ ُ ‫دُو‬ Note: In order to construct the date, simple add -é to the ordinal number followed by the name of the month. emrooz dovom-é jānviyé hast today is the second of January

‫م ژاﻧﻮﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ‬ ِ ُ ‫اِﻣﺮوز دُو‬ emrooz poonzdahom-é decembre hast today is the fi eenth of December

today is the twenty-eight of January

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ژاﻧﻮﯾِﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ َ ‫اِﻣﺮوز ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬ ِ ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺘ‬

END OF LESSON 12 BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know): māh month

‫ﻣﺎه‬ fasl season

‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻢ دِﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬ ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز ﭘﺎﻧﺰدﻫ‬

ha é

emrooz chāhārom-é zhuʼiyé hast

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ

today is the fourth of July

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرُﻣﻪ ژوﺋﯿِﻪ‬ ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬

week

roozhāyé ha é days of the week

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬ ِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻗَﻨﺪ‬ chāi bā shirini tea with sweets

Lesson 13: How to Host or Be Hosted (especially when it involves chai)

‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬ ghahvé coffee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮه‬ ghahveyé tork

BEVERAGES:

Turkish coffee chāi tea

‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ِ ﺗ ُﺮک‬

‫ﭼﺎی‬

sheer

shekar

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬

sugar

milk

‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬ ِ

chāi bā sheer

chāi bā shekar

‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬

tea with sugar

tea with milk

‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ‬

ghahvé bā sheer

ghand

‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬

sugar cube

coffee with milk

āb water

‫آب‬ yakh ice

‫ﯾَﺦ‬ āb bā yakh water with ice

 ‫آب ﺑﺎ ﯾَﺦ‬ āb bedooné yakh water without ice

‫ﺑﺪون ﯾَﺦ‬ ‫آب‬ ِ sharbat flavored water

‫ﺷَ ﺮﺑَﺖ‬ āb meevé fruit juice

‫آب ﻣﯿﻮِه‬ nooshābé so drink

‫ﻧﻮﺷﺎﺑﻪ‬

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES: āb jō beer

‫آﺑﺠﻮ‬ sharāb wine

‫ﺷَ ﺮاب‬ sharāb-é sefeed white wine

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﺮاب‬ ِ َ‫ﺷ‬ shārab-é ghermez red wine

‫ﺮاب ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬ ِ َ‫ﺷ‬ bé salamati! Cheers! (to health!)

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬ َ ‫ﺑِﻪ‬

OFFERING AND BEING OFFERED: (tō) chāi meekhāi? Do you want tea? (informal)

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮای؟‬ (shomā) chāi meekhāin? Do you want tea? (formal)

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ؟‬ beeshtar more

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ‬ (tō) beeshtar chāi meekhāi? Would you like more tea? (informal)

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮای؟‬ (tō) chāi meekhoree? Will you drink some tea? (informal)

 ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬ (shomā) chāi meekhoreen? Will you drink some tea? (formal)

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬

(tō) chee mayl meekonee? What would you like? (informal)

‫ﭼ ﻣﯿﻞ ﻣ ﮐﻨ ؟‬ (shomā) chee mayl meekoneen? What would you like? (formal)

‫ﭼ ﻣﯿﻞ ﻣ ﮐﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ balé, (man) chāi meekhoram Yes, I will drink tea.

 ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ )ﻣَﻦ( ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ (man) chāi nemeekhām I donʼt want tea

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻧﻤ ﺧﻮام‬ (man) chāi meekhām I want tea

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮام‬ bāshé ok

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ lotfan please

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬ na merci

Note: In addition to meaning ʻtapʼ, sheer also means ʻlionʼ and ʻmilk.ʼ doogh

no thank you

yogurt drink

‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

END OF LESSON 13

‫دوغ‬ Cultural note: doogh is made by mixing yogurt with water or soda water, herbs, and salt, and is extremely popular among Iranians. Some say it's an acquired taste.

BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

befarmāyeen please help yourself

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

āb-é joosh boiled water

‫آب ﺟﻮش‬ ِ āb-é ma'dani

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﺪﻧ‬ َ ‫آب ﻣَﻌ‬ ِ

ā

long a

like in not

āb-é sheer

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

mineral water

tap water

‫آب ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ِ

your house (informal)

khooneyé tō

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﺗﻮ‬

Lesson 14: How to Talk About Places Around Town, and Possession

his/her house -

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی او‬ your house (formal) -

khooneyé shomā

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ our house -

POSSESSION:

khooneyé oo

khooneyé mā

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎ‬ khooné house

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ khooneyé man my house

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣَﻦ‬ Note: -ye is known in Persian as ezafé, and is added to convey ownership or possession. In a sentence, the possessed is

their house -

khooneyé ānhā

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی آﻧﻬﺎ‬ his/her house -

khooneyé eeshoon

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی اﯾﺸﻮن‬

ASKING THE QUESTION: een khooneyé kee-yé?

located before the possessor (so above, khooné is possessed

Whoʼs house is this?

by man. When it follows a noun that ends in a vowel, the ezafé

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬

is -yé and when following a noun that ends in a consonant, it takes the form of -é.

This is my house -

een khooneyé man-

This is their house -

een khooneyé

é

ānhā-st

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

This is your house

een khooneyé tō-st

(informal) -

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﺗﻮﺳﺖ‬

‫آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‬ This is his/her house -

een khoonéyé eeshoon-é

Note: In the sentence een khooneyé man-é, man-é is a

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

combination of man + hast. Similarly, in een khooneyé tō-st,

‫اﯾﺸﻮن‬ ِ

tō-st is a combination of tō + hast. When the subject ends in a consonant, like man (I) -é is added to signify possession, and

This is his/her house -

een khoonéyé

when the subject ends in a vowel, like tō (you informal), -st is

oo-st

added to signify possession.

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

This is your house (formal) -

‫اوﺳﺖ‬

een khooneyé shomā-st

This is _________ʼs house

een khoonéyé

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

(name ending in vowel) -

_________-st

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ــــــــ‬

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎﺳﺖ‬ This is our house -

‫ﺳﺖ‬-

een khooneyé mā-st

This is _________ʼs house

een khoonéyé

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

(name ending in consonant) -

_________-é

‫ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬ ‫ه‬- ‫ـــــــــــــــ‬

DIFFERENT SCENARIOS:

cinemā movie theater

een khoonéyé madar-é man-é

‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬

This is my motherʼs house.

moozé

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﻣﺎدَرِﻣَﻨﻪ‬

museum

een khoonéyé pedar-é tō-st

‫ﻣﻮزِه‬

This is your fatherʼs house

bānk

‫ﺪر ِﺗﻮﺳﺖ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﭘ‬

bank

fekr meekonam

‫ﺑﺎﻧﮏ‬

I think

restoorān

‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ Matt: een khooneyé kee-yé? ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬

restaurant

‫اﯾﻦ‬

Leyla: fekr meekonam een khooneyé oo-st.  

‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی اوﺳﺖ‬

‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬ ‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

bāzār bazaar

‫ﺑﺎزار‬

PLACES AROUND TOWN: ghahvé khooné coffeeshop

‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ﺧﻮﻧﻪ‬

vasaté shahr center of town

‫ﻂ ﺷَ ﻬﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ َ‫و‬ estakhr pool

‫اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ‬

‫اِدارِه ی ﭘُﺴﺖ‬

masjed

hotel

mosque

hotel

‫ﺴﺠﺪ‬ ِ َ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻫُﺘِﻞ‬

keleesā church

‫ﮐِﻠﯿﺴﺎ‬ keneesé synagogue

‫ﻨﯿﺴﻪ‬ ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬

END OF LESSON 14 BONUS VOCABULARY: edaré-yé post post office

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬ kojā zendegee meekoneen? kojā zendegee meekoneed?

Lesson 15: How to Talk to People in a Formal Manner, and More on Hosting and Being Hosted FORMAL SPEECH: chetor + hasteen = chetor-een? chetor + hasteed = chetor-eed? How are you? (formal)

Where do you live? (formal)

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﺪ؟‬ Note: In written Persian, the conjugation for the third person formal is -eed. However, in conversational Persian, you will most o en hear the third person formal conjugated with -een. In these lessons, we will always use the conversational conjugation. Leyla:

salām matt. khosh āmadee! ‫ﺧﻮش‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ‬ ِ

‫آﻣَﺪی‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﺪ‬ ِ

‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ‬ ِ

Matt:

mamnoon-am. shomā chetor-een? ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

Leyla:

shomā ahlé koja hasteed?

‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ِ ،‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬

‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬ Leyla: befarmā besheen. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬ Matt: khoob-am merci. Matt:

.‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

bad neestam, khayli mamnoon. tō khoob-ee? ‫ﺑَﺪ‬

shomā ahlé koja hasteen? Where are you from? (formal)

.‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬ َ

merci.

‫ﻣِﺮﺳ‬

Leyla:

chāi meekhoree? ‫ﺧﻮری؟‬

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ‬

khayli mamnoon

‫ ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ Leyla: bā ghand yā sheekar? ‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ؟‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗَﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ‬ Matt: dō ghand lotfan.ً ‫دو ﻗَﻨﺪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬ Matt:

Leyla: bāshé, befarmā, een ham dō ghand. ،‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻢ دو ﻗَﻨﺪ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ Matt:

Iʼm very thankful

balé, chāi meekhoram.

khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

THREE INSTANCES OF HELPING YOURSELF:

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

TALKING FORMALLY:

INFORMALFORMAL please/help yourself

khosh āmadee!

befarmā

befarmāyeen

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

befarmā

befarmāyeen

khoonam

khoonam

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

(Youʼre) welcome! (informal)

‫ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪی‬ khosh āmadeen! (Youʼre) welcome! (formal)

‫!ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬ mamnoon-am Iʼm thankful

‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

please come to my house

‫ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

please have a seat

balé, gorosnam-é befarmā

befarmāyeen

Yes, Iʼm hungry.

besheen

besheeneen

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺑَﻠﻪ ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨَﻤﻪ‬

‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

na, gorosné neestam No, Iʼm not hungry

‫ﻧﻪ ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ tāzé khordam I just ate.

INFORMALFORMAL Are you hungry?

gorosné-yee?

‫ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ ﯾﯽ؟‬

Are you thirsty?

gorosné-

‫ﺗﺎزِه ﺧﻮردَم‬

END OF LESSON 15

yeen?

‫ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ اﯾﻦ؟‬

teshné-yee?

teshné-yeen?

‫ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ ای؟‬

‫ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ اﯾﻦ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY: (inquiring minds want to know...) na, teshné neestam No, Iʼm not thirsty

‫ﻧﻪ ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ balé, teshnam-é Yes, Iʼm thirsty.

‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ ﺗِﺸﻨَﻤِﻪ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

shām dinner

‫ﺷﺎم‬

Lesson 16: How to Talk More About Food and Specific Persian Meals

(EVEN) MORE HOSTING VOCABULARY: befarmāyeen shām Please come to/help yourself to dinner. (formal)

MEALS:

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺷﺎم‬ sobhooné

befarmā shām

breakfast

Please come to/help yourself to dinner. (informal)

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺷﺎم‬

Pronunciation note: Breakfast is sometimes pronounced

nāhār hāzer-é

sobhāné.

Lunch is ready. nāhār

‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮِه‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬ ِ

lunch

shām hāzer-é

‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬

Dinner is ready.

asrooné

‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮِه‬ ‫ﺷﺎم‬ ِ

a ernoon snack

pazeerāyee

‫ﻋَﺼﺮوﻧِﻪ‬

hosting

‫ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﯽ‬

COMMON PERSIAN FOODS: asal honey

‫ﺴﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬ morabā jam

‫ﻣُﺮٌﺑﺎ‬ gerdoo walnuts

‫ﮔِﺮدو‬ noon ō paneer bread and feta

‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬ berenj rice

‫ﺑِﺮِﻧﺞ‬

khoresh stew

‫ﺧﻮرِش‬ koreshé ghormé sabzee a popular type of Persian stew

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ش ﻗُﺮﻣﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮر‬ sabzee greens/herbs

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ māst yogurt

‫ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬ namak salt

‫ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬ felfel pepper

‫ﻓِﻠﻔِﻞ‬ desser dessert

‫ﺳﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫د‬

khayli khosh gozasht

noon ō paneer

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬

I had a great time

bread and feta

‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬

EXPRESSIONS TO USE WHEN LEAVING: dastetoon dard nakoné thank you expression (formal)

‫دَﺳﺘِﺘﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ dastet dard nakoné thank you expression (informal)

‫دَﺳﺘِﺖ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬ mamnoon az pazeerāyeetoon thank you for hosting

‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن اَز ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﺘﻮن‬ bāyad yavāsh yavāsh beram I must start slowly leaving

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﯾَﻮاش ﯾَﻮاش ﺑِﺮَم‬

Matt:

dastetoon dard nakoné! khayli khosh gozasht.

‫دَﺳﺘِﺘﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ! ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬ khāhesh meekonam matt! ‫ﻣَﺖ‬

Leyla:

‫ﺧﻮاﻫِﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Matt: man bāyad yavāsh yavāsh beram. ‫ﯾَﻮاش‬

‫ﯾَﻮاش ﺑِﺮَم‬

Leyla: na, barāyé shām bemoon! ‫ﺑِﻤﻮن‬ Matt:

Matt:

‫ ﺑَﺮای ﺷﺎم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

oh, khayli mamnoon, bāyad beram! ،‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬ Leyla:

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

bāshé, khosh āmadee! ‫آﻣَﺪی‬

‫ ﺧﻮش‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

khayli khosh gozasht, merci. ‫ﺧﻮش‬

‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬

Leyla: bāshé pass, khodāhāfez, bé omeedé deedār. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

‫ ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار‬،‫ ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬،‫ﭘَﺲ‬ Matt:

balé, bé omeedé deedār! feylan khodāhāfez!

‫ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار! ﻓﻌﻼ ً ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬ Matt: Leyla:

Thank you so much! I had a great time. Youʼre welcome Matt!

،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬

Matt: I need to get going.

saretoon dard nakone

Leyla: No, stay for dinner!

I hope your head doesnʼt hurt (expression also meaning

Matt:

ʻYouʼre welcomeʼ in response to dastetoon dard nakone)

Leyla: Matt:

Oh, thanks so much. I must leave!

‫ﺳﺮِﺗﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ َ

Ok well, you were very welcome here! I had a great time, thank you.

befarma/befarmayeen too

Leyla: Ok then, goodbye. Hope to see you soon. Matt:

Please come in

Yes, hope to see you soon! Goodbye for now!

 ‫ ﺑِﻔَﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺗﻮ‬/ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮ ﻣﺎ‬

Note: The translation above is not necessarily a literal

mehmoonee

translation of the conversation, but rather a translation in the

party

spirit of the conversation.

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬ mehmoon

END OF LESSON 16 BONUS VOCABULARY: (inquiring minds want to know...) kabob kabob

‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ghazā food

‫ﻏَﺬا‬

guest

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮن‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Lesson 17: How to Describe Things (Includes List of All the Colors)

‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﺠ‬

orange

nāranjee

yellow

zard

‫زَرد‬

green

sabz

‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬ َ

blue

ābee

‫آﺑﯽ‬

purple

banafsh

‫ﺑَﻨَﻔﺶ‬

brown

ghahveyee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮِﯾﯽ‬

Note: In order to convert a word from singular to plural,

COLORS:

simply add hā to the end of the word. For instance, to make rang

the word ketāb plural, you say ketābʼhā.

color

‫رَﻧﮓ‬

DESCRIBING CHICKENS:

rangʼhā

morgh

colors

chicken

‫رَﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻣُﺮغ‬

black

seeyāh

‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬

white

sefeed

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ِ

red

sorkh

‫ﺳﺮخ‬ ُ

ghermez

‫ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬

morghʼhā colors

‫ﻣُﺮغ ﻫﺎ‬ een morgh sefeed-é This chicken is white

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪِه‬ ِ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ‬ morghé sefeed

smaller

koocheektar

smallest koocheektareen

‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

white chicken

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﺮغ‬ ِ ُ‫ﻣ‬

COMPARITIVE DESCRIPTIONS:

een morghʼhā seeyāh-an

een morgh koocheek-é

These chickens are black

This chicken is small

‫ﻫﻦ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺳﯿﺎ‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮑِﻪ‬

morghʼhāyé seeyāh

een morgh koocheektar-é

black chickens

This chicken is smaller

‫ﻣُﺮﻏﻬﺎی ﺳﯿﺎه‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮه‬

man yé morghé sefeed dāram

een koocheektareen morgh-é

I have one (a) white chicken

This is the smallest chicken

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﺮغ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﯾِﻪ ﻣ‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮﻏ ِﻪ‬

man sé morghé seeyāh dāram I have three black chickens

‫ﺮغ ﺳﯿﺎه دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣ‬

small

koocheek

‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ‬

ADJECTIVES: big

bozorg

‫ﺑُﺰُرگ‬

bigger

bozorgtar

‫ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮ‬

smallest

bozorgtareen

‫ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮﯾﻦ‬

quick

ferz

‫ﻓِﺮز‬

een morghé seeyāh ghashang-é

quicker

ferztar

‫ﻓِﺮزﺗ َﺮ‬

This black chicken is nice looking

quickest

ferztareen

‫ﻓِﺮز ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

slow

kond

‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ‬

slower

kondtar

‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮ‬

slowest

kondtareen

‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

ugliest

zeshtareen

‫زِﺷﺖ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺮغ ﺳﯿﺎه ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕِﻪ‬ ِ ُ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣ‬

vali oon morghé zard ghashangtar-é But that yellow chicken is nicer looking

‫ﺮغ زَرد ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮه‬ ِ ُ ‫وﻟ اون ﻣ‬ een morghé sorkh kond-é, vali oon morghé zard kondtar-é This red chicken is slow, but that yellow chicken is slower

nice looking

ghashang

‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ‬

nicer looking ghashangtar

‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮ‬

nicest looking ghashangtareen

‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

ugly

zesht

‫زِﺷﺖ‬

uglier

zeshtar

‫زِﺷﺖ ﺗ َﺮ‬

‫ﺮغ زَرد ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮه‬ ُ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺳﺮخ ﮐ ُﻨﺪه وَﻟ اون ﻣ‬

DIALOGUE (BUYING A CAR): expensive

geroon

‫ﮔِﺮون‬

more expensive

geroontar

‫ﮔِﺮون ﺗ َﺮ‬

most expensive

geroontareen

‫ﮔِﺮون ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ Leyla: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

Matt: een masheené seeyāh ghashangtar-é. va arzoon cheap

arzoon

‫اَرزون‬

cheaper

arzoontar

‫اَرزون ﺗ َﺮ‬

cheapest

arzoontareen

‫اَرزون ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

neest, vali khayli behtar-é.

‫ و‬.‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎه ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕﺘَﺮِه‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ِ

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬ ‫ وَﻟ‬،‫اَرزون ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ِ Matt: Which car is better? Leyla: I think this car is better.

māsheen

Matt: How so?

car

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

Leyla: Well, itʼs white, itʼs nice looking, and itʼs cheap.

kodoom

Leyla: How so?

Matt: I like this car.

which (one)

Matt: This black car is nicer looking. And itʼs not cheap,

‫ﮐ ُﺪوم‬

but itʼs much better.

‫ﮐ ُﺪوم ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬ Leyla: man fekr meekonam een māsheen behtar-é. ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ Matt: kodoom māsheen behtar-é?

END OF LESSON 17

‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬ Matt: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

Leyla: khob, sefeed-é, ghashang-é, va arzoon-é. ،‫ﺧﻮب‬

َ ‫ﻨﮓ و ا‬ ‫رزون‬ ِ ِ َ‫ ﻗَﺸ‬،ِ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ِ

Matt: man een masheen-ō doost dāram.

‫ﻣَﻦ اﯾﻦ‬

Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ā

long a

like in not

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

two o-clock

Lesson 18: How to Talk About the Time and Weather TIME: sāʼat time / watch

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

sāʼat dō-é

three oʼclock sāʼat sé-é

ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﻪ‬

four oʼclock

sāʼat chāhār-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭼﻬﺎرِه‬

five oʼclock

sāʼat panj-é

‫ﻨﺠﻪ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭘ‬

six oʼclock

sāʼat sheesh-é

‫ﺷﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬ ِ

seven oʼclock sāʼat ha -é

‫ﻫﻔﺘ ِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

eight oʼclock sāʼat hasht-é

‫ﺖ‬ ِ ّ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻫ‬ ِ ‫ﺸ‬

nine oʼclock

sāʼat noh-é

ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧُﻪ‬

ten oʼclock

sāʼat dah-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دﻫِﻪ‬

eleven

sāʼat yazdah-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﺎزدَﻫﻪ‬

sāʼat chand-é? What time is it?

‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬ The time is...

oʼclock twelve

one oʼclock

sāʼat yek-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﮑِﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دوِه‬   

oʼclock

sāʼat davāzdah-é‫دَوازدَﻫِﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

neem

fi een to

sāʼat yé robh bé

one

yek-é

______

sāʼat ______ o

fi een

robh-é

fi een to

sāʼat yé robh bé

______

_______-é

‫ﯾﮏ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻪ‬

half

‫ﻧﯿﻢ‬ The time is...

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﮏ و‬

one thirty sāʼat yek o neem-é

‫رﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋِﺖ ـــــــــ و‬ ِ

dagheeghé

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭼﻬﺎر و‬

neem-é

minute

‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬

______

sāʼat _________ o

thirty

neem-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ــــــــ و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬

robh

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ روﺑﻊ‬ ‫ه‬-‫ﺑﻪ ــــــــــ‬

‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬ four thirty sāʼat chāhār o

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ رﺑﻊ‬

‫دَﻗﯿﻘِﻪ‬ Pronunciation note: In conversation, the first gh in dagheeghé gets dropped, and it sounds like da'eeghé

The time is...

quarter

‫رُﺑﻊ‬ The time is... one fi een sāʼat yek o robh-é‫و‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ‬ ‫رﺑ ِﻪ‬

ten

sāʼat dah o dah

ten

daʼeegh-ast

ten to sāʼat dah daʼeeghé ten

bé dah-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه و دَه‬ ‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬

ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ دَه‬

nine

sāʼat noh o dah

ten

daʼeegh-ast

nine

sāʼat noh o panjāh

fi y

daʼeegh-ast

‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬

ten to sāʼat dah daʼeeghé nine

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و دَه‬

bé noh-é

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬ ‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

ِ ‫ﻧُﻪ‬

alān havā chetor-é? How is the weather right now?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ َ ‫اَﻻن‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ havā khoob-é The weather is good

‫ﻫﻮا ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ َ garm warm

‫ﮔَﺮم‬

WEATHER:

havā garm-é havā

The weather is warm

weather

‫ﻫﻮا ﮔَﺮﻣِﻪ‬ َ

‫ﻫﻮا‬ َ

sard

havā chetor-é?

warm

How is the weather?

‫ﺳﺮد‬ َ

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬ َ ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬

havā sard-é

emrooz havā chetor-é?

The weather is cold

How is the weather today?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ َ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬

‫ﺳﺮدِه‬ َ َ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ ā āb sun

‫آﻓﺘﺎب‬

bāroon

havā ā ābee-yé

‫ﺑﺎرون‬

The weather is sunny

‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ َ ِ martoob humid

‫ﻣَﺮﻃﻮب‬ havā martoob-é The weather is humid

‫ﺮﻃﻮب‬ َ َ‫ﻫﻮا ﻣ‬ ِ khoshk dry

rain

havā bāroonee-yé The weather is rainy

‫ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎروﻧﯿﻪ‬ َ barf snow

‫ﺑَﺮف‬ havā barfee-yé The weather is snowy

‫ﻫﻮا ﺑَﺮﻓﯿﻪ‬ َ

‫ﺧُﺸﮏ‬

daré bāroon meeyād

havā khoshk-é

‫دارِه ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯿﺎد‬

The weather is dry

‫ﻫﻮا ﺧُﺸﮑِﻪ‬ َ

PRECIPITATION:

itʼs raining (now)

daré barf meeyād itʼs snowing (now)

‫دارِه ﺑَﺮف ﻣﯿﺎد‬

DIALOGUE (A CONVERSATION ABOUT THE WEATHER):

Translation: Matt: Excuse me, what time is it?

sard neest

Leyla: The time is six-thirty.

itʼs not cold

Matt: Thank you so much. What great weather it is!

‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ َ

Leyla: Yes, the weather is very good. Itʼs not cold, and itʼs also not rainy.

cheghadr how (much)

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ

END OF LESSON 18

Conversation: Matt: bebakhsheed, sāʼat chand-é? ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬ َ

Leyla: sāʼat sheesh o neem-é. ‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬

،‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ و‬

Matt: khayli mamnoon. cheghadr havā khoob-é!

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬

‫ﻫﻮا ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ .‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

Leyla: balé, havā khayli khoob-é. sard neest va bāroonee ham neest.

‫ﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و َ ﺑﺎروﻧ‬ َ ،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ َ .‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY: (inquiring minds want to know...) tagarg hail

‫ﺗ َﮕَﺮگ‬ havā toofāneeyé the weather is stormy

‫ﻫﻮا ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻧﯿِﻪ‬ َ havā molāyemé the weather is mild

‫ﻫﻮا ﻣُﻼﯾﻤِﻪ‬ َ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

dooset dāram I like/love you

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ِ

Lesson 19: How to Talk About Love and Friendship

Cultural note: In actuality, this phrase is doostet dāram, but the first ʻtʼ sound gets dropped in conversation. doosam dāree? Do you like/love me?

LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP:

‫دوﺳﻢ داری؟‬ َ

eshgh

man ham dooset dāram

love

I like/love you too

‫ﻋِﺸﻖ‬

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

doostee friendship

‫دوﺳﺘ‬

TERMS OF ENDEARMENT: jān/joon

(tō) eshghé man-ee

dear

you are my love

  ‫ﺸﻖ ﻣَﻨ‬ ِ ِ‫ﻋ‬ āsheghet-am I am in love with you.

‫ﻋﺎﺷﻘِﺘَﻢ‬ ِ

‫ﺟون‬/‫ﺟﺎن‬ Leyla: matt jān, chetor-ee? ‫ ِﭼطوری؟‬،‫َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬ Matt: khayli khoob-am leyla jān, tō khoob-ee? ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧو َﺑم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬ ‫ ﺗو ﺧوﺑﯽ؟‬،‫ﺟﺎن‬ Leyla: man ham khoob-am. lādan jān chetor-é? .‫َﻣن َھم ﺧو َﺑم‬

zeebā

‫طوره‬ ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن ِﭼ‬ Matt: lādan jān ham khoob-é. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن َھم‬ azizam my dear

‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰَم‬ jānam my dear

 ‫ﺟﺎﻧ َﻢ‬ jānam-ee you are my dear

  ‫ﺟﺎﻧ َﻤ‬ jeegar dear

‫ﺟﯿﮕَﺮ‬ ghorboon-et beram literally: I hope I become a sacrifice for you

‫ﻗُﺮﺑﻮﻧِﺖ ﺑِﺮَم‬

COMPLIMENTS:

beautiful

‫زﯾﺒﺎ‬ khayli zeebā-yee you are very beautiful

‫ﺧﯿﻠ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ‬ ِ khoshgel pretty

 ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ khayli khoshgel-ee you are very pretty

  ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬ ché khoshgel-ee how pretty you are!

‫ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬ khoshteep handsome

‫ﺧﻮش ﺗﯿﭗ‬ boos bedé give me a kiss

 ‫ﺑﻮس ﺑِﺪه‬

MARITAL STATUS: (man) mojaradam I am single

 ‫ﺠﺮَدَم‬ َ ُ‫ﻣ‬ (man) zan dāram I have a wife

  ‫زَن دارَم‬ (man) shohar dāram

(man) nāmzad dāram I have a fiancé

 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد دارَم‬ Matt: salām lādan jān. ‫َﺳﻼم ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن‬ َ ‫َﺳﻼم َﻋ‬ Ladan: salām aziz-am. ‫زﯾزم‬ Matt: khayli dooset dāram. ‫دارم‬ َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳِ ت‬ Ladan: man ham dooset dāram. ‫دارم‬ َ ‫َﻣن َھم دوﺳِ ت‬ Matt: khayli āshegetam. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﻋﺎﺷِ ِﻘ َﺗم‬ Ladan: man ham āshegetam. ‫َﻣن َھم ﻋﺎﺷِ ِﻘ َﺗم‬ Matt: khayli khoshgelee. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﮕِﻠﯽ‬ Ladan: ghorboonet beram matt jān. ‫ﻗُرﺑوﻧِت ِﺑ َرم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬

I have a husband

‫ﻫﺮ دارَم‬ َ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ (man) doost dokhtar dāram I have a girlfriend

 ‫دوﺳﺖ دُﺧﺘَﺮ دارَم‬

END OF LESSON 19 BONUS VOCABULARY (inquiring minds want to know):

(man) doost pesar dāram

asal

I have a boyfriend

honey

 ‫دوﺳﺖ ﭘِﺴﺮ دارَم‬

‫ﺴﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

nāz sweet

‫ﻧﺎز‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

angel

ā

long a

like in not

‫ﻓِﺮِﺷﺘِﻪ‬

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

fereshté

sheereen sweet

‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬

LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP: jāt khāli

Lesson 20: Review of Unit 2 DIALOGUES: ُ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ Matt: salām, hālé shomā chetor-é? ‫طوره؟‬ ِ ،‫َﺳﻼم‬ ِ ‫ﺷﻣﺎ ِﭼ‬

lit: Your place is empty (You are missed)

ِ ‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟ‬ jāyé _________ khāli __________ is missed.

‫ﺟﺎی ــــــ ﺧﺎﻟ‬ khāhesh meekonam

In-Law: vālā bad neestam matt jān. hālé tō chetor-é? ‫واﻻ َﺑد‬

Youʼre welcome

‫طوره؟‬ ِ .‫ﻧﯾﺳ َﺗم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺗو ِﭼ‬

‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Matt: hālé man ham khoob-é. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺣﺎل َﻣن َھم‬ In-Law: jāyé lādan khālee. lādan chetor-é? ‫ ﻻدَ ن‬.‫ﺧﺎﻟﯾﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﺟﺎی ﻻدَ ن‬ ‫طوره؟‬ ِ ‫ِﭼ‬ Matt: lādan ham khoob-é, mamnoonam! ‫ َﻣﻣﻧو َﻧم‬،‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن َھم‬ In-Law: khob, befarmā besheen! ‫ ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ِﺑﺷﯾن‬،‫ﺧوب‬ Matt: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬ In-Law: befarmā chāi. ‫ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ﭼﺎی‬ Matt: dastetoon dard nakoné. ‫دَ ﺳﺗِﺗون دَ رد َﻧﮑُﻧِﮫ‬ In-Law: gorosne-yee? ‫ُﮔرُﺳﻧﮫ ی؟‬ Matt: na, tāzé nāhār khordam merci. ‫ﺗﺎزه ﻧﺎھﺎر ﺧوردَ م ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬ ِ !‫َﻧﮫ‬ In-Law: khāhesh meekonam. ‫َﺧواھِش ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬

emrooz ché roozee-yé? What day is today?

‫ﭼﻪ روزﯾﻪ‬ ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬ māh month

‫ﻣﺎه‬ fasl season

‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬

ha é

oo

week

he/she

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ

‫او‬

roozhāyé ha é

ān/oon

days of the week

it

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬ ِ

 ‫ اون‬/ ‫آن‬

vālā

mā

truthfully

we

‫واﻻ‬

‫ﻣﺎ‬

hālé tō chetor-é?

shomā

How are you? (informal)

you, formal or plural

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

PERSONAL PRONOUNS:

ānhā/oonhā/oonā they ‫ اوﻧﺎ‬/ ‫ اوﻧﮭﺎ‬/ ‫آﻧﮭﺎ‬

man I/me

‫ﻣَﻦ‬ tō you, informal

‫ﺗﻮ‬

Zohreh: salām, khosh āmadeen. ‫ ﺧوش آ َﻣدﯾن‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬ Matt: salām, mamnoonam. een khoone-yé shomā-st? ،‫َﺳﻼم‬ ُ ‫ اﯾن ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی‬.‫َﻣﻣﻧو َﻧم‬ ‫ﺷﻣﺎﺳت؟‬ Zohreh: balé, een khoone-yé man-é. ‫ اﯾن ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی َﻣﻧِﮫ‬،‫َﺑﻠِﮫ‬ Matt: ché khoone-yé ghashangee! ‫ِﭼﮫ ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی َﻗ َﺷﻧﮕﯽ‬

Zohreh: merci! ‫ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬

The following phrases feature vocabulary sampled from

Matt: esmé man matt-é! ‫ِﺳم َﻣن َﻣﺗِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ا‬

Lesson 1 through 9. Translate them into English:

Zohreh: salām matt jān, man zohreh hastam ‫ َﻣن‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬ ‫ھره َھﺳ َﺗم‬ ِ ‫ُز‬ Matt: salām zohreh jān! man shohar-é lādan hastam. lādan ُ ‫ھره ﺟﺎن! َﻣن‬ eenjā neest? ‫ ﻻدَ ن اﯾﻧﺟﺎ ﻧﯾﺳت‬.‫ﺷو َھ ِر ﻻدَ ن َھﺳ َﺗم‬ ِ ‫َﺳﻼم ُز‬ Zohreh: na hanooz! vali befarmā too lotfan, dāré bāroon meeyād! ‫داره ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯾﺎد‬ ِ ،ً‫َﻧﮫ َھﻧوز! َوﻟﯽ ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ﺗو ﻟُﺗﻔﺎ‬

1. dāram fārsi yād meegeeram ______________________________________________________ 2. emrooz chāhārom-é zhuʼiyé hast ______________________________________________________ 3. (tō) chāi meekhāi? ______________________________________________________ 4. een khooné-yé madar-é man-é ______________________________________________________

Zohreh: Hello, welcome. Matt: Hello, thank you. Is this your house? Zohreh: Yes, this is my house. Matt: What a nice house! Zohreh: Thank you! Matt: My name is Matt. Zohreh: Hello Matt, my name is Zohreh. Matt: Hello Zohreh! I am Ladanʼs husband. Ladan isnʼt here? Zohreh: Not yet. But please come in, itʼs raining!

5. balé, gorosnam-é ______________________________________________________ 6. khayli khosh gozasht ______________________________________________________ 7. een morgh koocheek-é ______________________________________________________ 8. daré bāroon meeyād ______________________________________________________ 9. khayli zeebā-yee ______________________________________________________ 10. meeshé lotfan tekrār koneen? ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE ONE:

11. (man) chāi nemeekhām ______________________________________________________

12. khosh āmadee!

EXERCISE THREE:

__________________________________________________________ Compare the two chickens below using vocabulary learned in 13. nāhār hāzer-é unit 2: __________________________________________________________ 14. een morgh sefeed-é 14. een morgh sefeed-é ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

EXERCISE TWO: Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian: 1,000

________________________________

22

________________________________

63

________________________________

155

________________________________

120

________________________________

14

________________________________

12

________________________________

95

________________________________

50

________________________________

10

________________________________

18

________________________________

84

________________________________

EXERCISE FOUR: Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian: 1,000

____________________________

22

____________________________

63

____________________________

155

____________________________

120

____________________________

14

____________________________

12

____________________________

95

____________________________

50

____________________________

10

____________________________

18

____________________________

84

____________________________

EXERCISE FIVE:

Compare the two chickens below using vocabulary learned in unit 2:

Pronunciation Guide: Example: Yek morgh zarde va yek morgh seeyaheh. Een morghe seeyah bozorge. Een morghe zard bozorg neest, vali ghashange. Een morghe zard koocheektar az een morghe

a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

seeyahe. é ending ʻeʼ _______________________________________________________________

like in elf

_______________________________________________________________ ō ending o _______________________________________________________________

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

plural

Lesson 21: The verb ‘To Be’ In unit 3 of Chai and Conversation we will focus on grammar. To begin, letʼs explore one of the most common verbs in any language- to be, or in Persian, boodan. As weʼve covered

(mā) hasteem

We are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

(shomā) hasteed

You are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ‬ َ

(ānhā) hastand

They are

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻨﺪ‬ َ

THE COLLOQUIAL CONJUGATION:

before, spoken Persian is different than written Persian, and To get a full picture of the verb in all its varieties, we will learn the formal written conjugation and the informal colluoquial conjugation most o en heard in spoken Persian.

singular

this is certainly the case in the conjugation of the verb 'to be'.

singular

(man) hastam

I am

(tō) hastee

You are

(oo) hast

He/she is

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

plural

THE FORMAL CONJUGATION:

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

(man) hastam

I am

(tō) hastee

You are

(oo) hast

He/she is

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

(mā) hasteem

We are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

(shomā) hasteen

You are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

(ānhā) hastan

They are

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

Note: In the above colloquial conjugation, only the shomā and ānhā form is different from the formal conjugation.

In addition to the formal and informal conjugations, the verb

hasteem

'to be', boodan has a reduced form that can be used in goodʼ (meaning I am well), you say man khoob-am. This is a

hasteen plural

the shortened version of hastam, or 'I am'. We will go over several examples to illustrate this.

THE REDUCED FORM OF ‘TO BE’: reduced

hastam

-am

I am

singular

They are

TO BE FREE:

-ee

You are

‫آزاد ﺑﻮدَن‬

-é

He/she is

singular

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

-an

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ hast

You are

Infinitive: āzād boodan

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ hastee

-een

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ hastan

full-form

We are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

combination with other words. For instance, to say ʻI am combination of the word good, khoob and -am, which is the

-eem

full-form

reduced

āzād hastam

āzād-am I am free

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫آزاد‬

‫آزادَم‬

āzād hastee

āzād-ee

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫آزاد‬

‫آزادی‬

You are free

āzād-é

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫آزاد‬

ِ‫آزاد‬

He/she is free

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﺧﻮب‬

āzād hasteem āzād-eem We are free

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ ‫آزاد‬

khoob hastam khoob-am I am well

singular

āzād hast

‫آزادﯾﻢ‬

plural

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ ‫آزاد‬

They are free

‫آزادَن‬

Infinitive: khoob boodan

‫ﺧﻮب ﺑﻮدَن‬

He/she is well

khoob

khoob-

hasteem

eem

We are well

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻢ ﺧﻮب‬ plural

TO BE WELL:

khoob-é

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮب ﺧﻮب‬ ِ

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫آزادﯾﻦ آزاد‬ āzād-an

َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮب‬ khoob hast

āzād hasteen āzād-een You are free

āzād hastan

khoob hastee khoob-ee You are well

khoob hasteen khoob-een You are well

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮب‬ khoob hastan khoob-an They are well

full-form

reduced

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻦ ﺧﻮب‬

sing

Leyla: khoob-ee? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬ Matt: khoob-am! ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

khoshhāl- You are

hastee

ee

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

happy

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

Matt: khoob-een? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻦ‬ Leyla: khoob-eem! ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻢ‬

khoshhāl hast khoshhāl-é He/she is

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

TO BE HAPPY:

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

Infinitive: khoshhāl boodan

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮدَن‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ِ

happy

khoshhāl

khoshhāl- We are

full-form

reduced

hasteem

eem

khoshhāl

khoshhāl- I am happy

hastam

am

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟَﻢ‬

happy

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

plural

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

gular

khoshhāl

khoshhāl

khoshhāl- You are

hasteen

een

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﺒﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

happy

khoshhāl

khoshhāl- They are

hastan

an

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟَﻦ‬

khoshgel hast khoshgel-é He/she is

happy

pretty

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬

‫ﻞ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕ‬

khoshgel

khoshgel- We are pretty

TO BE PRETTY:

hasteem

eem

Infinitive: khoshgel boodan

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠﯿﻢ‬

khoshgel

khoshgel- You are

hasteen

een

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠﺒﻦ‬

khoshgel

khoshgel- They are

hastan

an

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠَﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

full-form

reduced

khoshgel

khoshgel- I am pretty

hastam

am

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠَﻢ‬

singular

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

khoshgel

khoshgel- You are

hastee

ee

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬

plural

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ ﺑﻮدَن‬

pretty

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

pretty

pretty

TO BE HEAVY-HEARTED: Infinitive: deltang boodan

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺑﻮدَن‬

deltang

deltang- I am heavy-

hastam

am

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕَﻢ‬

deltang

deltang- You are heavy-

hastee

ee

singular

hearted

plural

reduced

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬

hasteem

eem

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬

‫دِل‬

deltang

deltang- You are heavy-

hasteen

een

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬

‫دِل‬

deltang

deltang- They are heavy-

hastan

an

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕَﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

hearted

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

deltang- We are heavy-

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

full-form

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

deltang

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

‫ﺗ َﻨﮕﯿﻢ‬

 ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫َﻨﮓ‬ ِ ‫دِل ﺗ‬

hearted

TO BE IRANIAN: Infinitive: irānee boodan

‫اﯾﺮاﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬ full-form

hearted

‫ﺗ َﻨﮕﺒﻦ‬

deltang hast deltang- He/she is heavyé

hearted

reduced

hearted

irānee hastam

singular

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ َ

irānee-yamI am Iranian

irānee hastan irānee-yan They are

‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿَﻢ‬

  ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

irānee hastee irānee-yee You are Iranian

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ َ irānee hast

Iranian

Note: In the above example, because the word ends with a vowel, a ʻyʼ sound is added between the noun and the reduced ʻto beʼ ending in order to make the word flow more

irānee-yé He/she is

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿِﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ َ

‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿَﻦ‬

Iranian

naturally. See the next section for a guide to adjustments to verbs ending with an ā or é sound.

TO BE AMERICAN: irānee

irānee-

hasteem

yeem

  ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬

‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﯿﻢ‬

We are Iranian

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدَن‬

plural

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ irānee

irānee-

hasteen

yeen

  ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬

‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺒﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

Infinitive: āmrikāyee boodan

You are Iranian

full-form

reduced

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- I am

hastam

yam

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿَﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

American

singular

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- You are

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- They are

hastee

yee

hastan

yan

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ َ

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿَﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

American

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- He/she is

hast

yé

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿِﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

American

American

EXCEPTIONS: Because the reduced form of ʻto beʼ starts with a vowel, slight adjustments need to be made when it follows a verb that ends in either the vowel ā or é (these adjustments are more extreme than if the vowel ends with an ee as exemplifies in

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- We are

hasteem

yeem

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿﻢ‬

American

TO BE CRAZY:

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

plural

the nationality examples above).

In the following example, the verb is deevoné, meaning crazy. In the first person singular form, the é sound is taken out. So

āmrikāyee

āmrikāyee- You are

rather than deevooné-am, you simply say deevoon-am. The

hasteen

yeen

same is true for the third person plural. It is reduced from

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

American

deevoné-an to deevoon-an. As noted above, the third person singular becomes deevoon-ast instead of deevooné-é. Note that for the third person singular (he, she or it), the original ast is used.

plural

Infinitive: deevooné boodan

‫دﯾﻮاﻧِﻪ ﺑﻮدَن‬ full-form

reduced

deevooné

deevoon-am I am crazy

hastam

singular

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

deevooné-

You are

hasteen

yeen

crazy

‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ اﯾﻦ‬

deevooné

deevoon-an They are

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﻢ‬

hastan

deevooné

deevooné-

You are

hastee

yee

crazy

‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﻦ‬

END OF LESSON 21

deevooné hast deevoon-ast He/she is crazy

Pronunciation Guide: deevooné

deevooné-

We are

hasteem

yeem

crazy

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ اﯾﻢ دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

crazy

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻨﻦ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ ای دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﺴﺖ دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

deevooné

a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

   ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ (man) bad neestam I am not bad

Lesson 22: The verb ‘To Have’

 ‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ (man) khoob neestam I am not well

plural

singular

FIRST, THE NEGATIVE OF 'TO BE': ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

(man) neestam

I am not

(tō) neestee

You are not

(oo) neest

He/she is not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

(mā) neesteem

We are not

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) neesteen You are not

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬

(ānhā) neestan

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻦ‬

They are not

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬

 ‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ Conversation 1: Joe: khoobee? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬ Sara: bad neestam. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﺑَﺪ‬

1) INFINITIVE, AND PAST AND PRESENT STEMS: 1) INFINITIVE: All Persian verbs in the infinitive form end with the sound -an. boodan to be

(man) khoshhāl neestam I am not happy

‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

boodan ----> hast dāshtan

to be ----> is

to have

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ dār

2) STEMS: There are two stems for each Persian verb, the past

to have ----> have

stem and the present stem. To get the past stem, you simply

‫< دار‬--- ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬

take the -an sound off the end of the infinitive form of the verb.

Present stem: dār

to be ----> was

‫< ﺑﻮد‬--- ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

singular

boodan ----> bood

(man) dāram

I have

‫دارَم‬

(tō) dāree

You have

‫داری‬

(oo) dāré

He/she has

‫داره‬

(mā) dāreem

We have

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) dāreen

You have

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

(ānhā) dāran

They have

‫دارَن‬

dāshtan ----> dāsht

‫< داﺷﺖ‬--- ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬

CONJUGATING THE PRESENT STEM: In the case of the verbs to be and to have, the present stems are a bit trickier. They are irregular, so they simply need to be memorized.

plural

to have ----> had

TO HAVE A HAT:

(man) kolāh

I have a hat

‫دارَم‬ hat He/she has a hat

(mā) kolāh

We have a

dāreem

hat

(shomā) kolāh

You have a

dāreen

hat

(ānhā) kolāh

They have a

dāran

hat

‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫داری‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه دارِه‬

to have

to be

dāram

hastam

‫دارَم‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

dāree

hastee

‫داری‬

‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

dāré

hast (exception)

‫داره‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬

-eem dāreem

‫دارﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫دارَن‬

Rather, these phrases are translated as ʻI have hatʼ or ʻthey

PERSONAL ENDINGS:

-ee

-é

Note: In Persian, you donʼt need to specify ʻa hatʼ or ʻhatsʼ. have hatʼ,ʼ and the indicator is understood.

singular

(tō) kolāh dāree You have a

(oo) kolāh dāré

plural

-am

-een plural

singular

dāram

‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬

-an

hasteem

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

dāreen

hasteen

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

dāran

hastan

‫دارَن‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

TO NOT HAVE:

(man) nadāram I don't have

‫ﻧ َﺪارَم‬

(tō) nadāree

You don't have

‫ﻧ َﺪاری‬

(oo) nadāré

He/she doesn't

‫ﻧ َﺪاره‬

plural

have

(mā) nadāreem We don't have

‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You (all) don't

nadāreen

have

‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ‬

(ānhā) nadāran They don't have

‫ﻧ َﺪارَن‬

plural

singular

Stem: nadār (mā) kolāh

We don't have a

nadāreem

hat

(shomā) kolāh You (all) don't nadāreen

have a hat

(ānhā) kolāh

They don't have

nadāran

a hat

‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪارَن‬

(to) chand sāl dāree? How old are you? (informal)

 ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل داری؟‬ َ

singular

TO NOT HAVE A HAT: (man) kolāh

I don't have a

nadāram

hat

(tō) kolāh

You don't have

nadāree

hat

(oo) kolāh

He/she doesn't

nadāré

have a hat

(shomā) chand sāl dāreen?

‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪارَم‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪاری‬ ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪاره‬

How old are you? (formal)

 ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل دارﯾﻦ؟‬ َ (man) _____ sāl dāram I am ______ years old (literally: I have ____ years) ‫دارم‬ َ ‫َﻣن ــــــــــــــ ﺳﺎل‬

man computer dāram

chand tā

I have a computer

how many

 ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ دارَم‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ؟‬ َ

man computer nadāram I donʼt have a computer

tā does not have a direct translation in the English language, but it means something along the lines of ʻunits.ʼ So the

 ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬

question chand tā is essentially saying ʻhow many units.ʼ It is

sāra khooné dāré

you can choose to leave it out of a sentence and still get your

Sara has a house

‫ﺳﺎرا ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ داره‬

optional, however, and as you will see in the last example, message across. chand tā māsheen dāree?

sāra khooné nadāré

How many cars do you have? (informal)

Sara doesnʼt have a house

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داری؟‬ َ

‫ﺳﺎرا ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧ َﺪاره‬

chand tā māsheen dāreen?

oo dah sāl dāré

How many cars do you have? (formal)

He is ten years old

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارﯾﻦ؟‬ َ

‫دَه ﺳﺎل دارِه‬

man panj māsheen dāram

mā podcast dāreem

I have five cars

We have a podcast

‫ﻣَﻦ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارَم‬

 ‫ﭘﺎدﮐ َﺴﺖ دارﯾﻢ‬

QUANTITIES:

ALTERNATE: man panj tā māsheen dāram I have five cars

‫ﻣَﻦ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارَم‬

Joe: salām sārā. tō chand sāl dāree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ

‫ﺳﺎل داری؟‬

Sara: man see sāl dāram. tō chetor? ‫ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

‫ ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﺳﻼم ﺳﺎرا‬ َ

.‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳ ﺳﺎل دارَم‬

Sara: No, I donʼt have a house. I live in my motherʼs house. Joe: What about a car, do you have a car? Sara: Yes, I have a car. Joe: Thatʼs great. I donʼt have a car, but I have five bicycles. Sara: How many bicycles do you have?!

Joe: man ham see sāl dāram. khooné dāree?

‫ ﺧﻮﻧﻪ داری؟‬.‫ﺳﺎل دارَم‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

Joe: Five!

Sara: na, khooné nadāram. khooneyé māmānam zendegee meekonam.

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Joe: māsheen chetor, māsheen dāree? ،‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬ ِ

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داری؟‬

Sara: balé, yek māsheen dāram. ‫دارَم‬

‫ ﯾِﮏ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬

Joe: ché khoob. man māsheen nadāram, vali panj docharkhé dāram. ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ‬

‫ﺧﻪ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫دو‬

‫ وَﻟ‬،‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬.‫ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮب‬ ِ

Sara: chand tā docharké dāree?! ‫داری؟‬ Joe: panj tā!

END OF LESSON 2

‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ زِﻧﺪِﮔ‬.‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ‬

Joe: Hello Sara. How old are you? Sara: I am thirty. How about you? Joe: I am also 30. Do you have a house?

‫ﺧﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ دو‬ َ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

(ānhā) boodan

They were

‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

mehmoonee chetor bood? How was the party?

Lesson 23: The Simple Past Tense

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﺑﻮد؟‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬ ِ (khayli) khoob bood It was (very) good.

To get the past stem of a word, simply take the 'an' off the infinitive form of the word.

‫ﺧَﯿﻠ ﺧﻮب ﺑﻮد‬

BEING IN THE PAST:

khoob nabood It was not good.

boodan ----> bood

‫ﺧﻮب ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬

to be ----> past stem of to be

        ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬  ‫ ﺑود‬  

Leyla: mehmoonee cheetor bood?

(man) boodam

I was

‫ﺑﻮدَم‬

(tō) boodee

You were

‫ﺑﻮدی‬

(oo) bood

He/she/it was

‫ﺑﻮد‬

Matt: khoob nabood.  ‫ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬ Leyla: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

Matt: khasté boodam. ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬ Leyla: How was the party? Matt: It was not good.

(mā) boodeem

We were

‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) boodeen

You (all) were

‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻮب‬

Leyla: How so? Matt: I was tired.

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﺑﻮد؟‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬ ِ

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

HAPPINESS IN THE PAST: khoshhāl boodan ----> khoshhāl bood

HEAVY-HEARTEDNESS IN THE PAST:

to be happy ----> past stem of to be happy

‫ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮد‬ (man) khoshhāl I was happy

‫ دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ ﺑﻮد‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬

You were

boodee

happy

(oo) khoshhāl

He/she was

bood

happy

(mā) khoshhāl

We were

boodeem

happy

(shomā)

You (all)

khoshhāl

were happy

boodeen (ānhā) khoshhāl They were happy

(man) deltang I was heavy-

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻮدی‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

singular

(tō) khoshhāl

boodan

to be heavy hearted ----> past stem of to be heavy hearted

‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

plural

plural

singular

boodam

deltang boodan ----> deltang bood

boodam

hearted

(tō) deltang

You were heavy-

boodee

hearted

(oo) deltang

He/she was

bood

heavy-hearted

(mā) deltang

We were heavy-

boodeem

hearted

(shomā)

You (all) were

deltang

heavy-hearted

boodeen (ānhā) deltang They were boodan

heavy-hearted

 ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬

‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدی‬

‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬

‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬

‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬

‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

TIREDNESS IN THE PAST: khasté boodan ----> khasté bood to be tired ----> past stem of to be tired

BECAUSE AND BUT: barāyé eenké because (for the reason that)

‫ﺑَﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ‬

‫ ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد‬ (man) khasté

I was tired

singular

boodam You were

boodee

tired

(oo) khasté bood He/she was tired

but

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬

(tō) khasté

vali

‫وَﻟ‬

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

example sentences:

‫ﺑﻮدی‬

mehmoonee khoob nabood barāyé eenké khasté boodam.

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

The party wasnʼt good because I was tired.

‫ﺑﻮد‬

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ﺧﻮب ﻧ َﺒﻮد ﺑَﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَم‬

plural

mehmoonee bad nabood, vali khasté boodam. (mā) khasté

We were

boodeem

tired

(shomā) khasté You (all) boodeen

were tired

(ānhā) khasté

They were

boodan

tired

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

The party wasnʼt bad, but I was tired.

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ﺑَﺪ ﻧ َﺒﻮد وَﻟ ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَم‬

GOING IN THE PAST: ra an ----> ra to go ----> past stem of to go

‫ رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬    ‫رَﻗﺖ‬

(man) ra am

I went

(tō) ra ee

You went

(oo) ra

He/she went

(oo) kard

He/she did

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

(mā) kardeem

We did

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) kardeen

You (all) did

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

(ānhā) kardan

They did

‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬ ‫رَﻓﺘ‬ ‫رَﻓﺖ‬

(mā) ra eem

We went

‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) ra een

You (all) went

‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻦ‬

(ānhā) ra an

They went

‫رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬

MAKING CONVERSATION: ākharé ha é cheekār kardee? What did you do during the weekend? (informal)

DOING IN THE PAST:

‫ﭼﯾﮑﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

kardan ----> kard

ākharé ha é cheekār kardeen?

to do ----> past stem of to do

What did you do during the weekend? (formal)

‫ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬    ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﯾﮑﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ ra am cinemā

(man) kardam

I did

‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) kardee

You did

‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

I went to the movies

‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬

‫و ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ رَﻓﺘﻢ ﭘﺎرک‬

Note: In written and formal Persian, a verb that deals with movement comes at the end of the sentence. For instance, ʻI went to the moviesʼ would be bé cinemā ra am. In colloquial Persian, the bé (to) becomes understood, and the ʻmovement

NOT GOING IN THE PAST:

verbʼ goes to the beginning of the sentence, as you can see with the example above and those that follow.

nara an ----> nara to not go ----> past stem of to not go

    ‫ ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻦ‬    ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺖ‬

ra am kelāsé yogā I went to yoga class

‫ﻼس ﯾﻮﮔﺎ‬ ِ ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﮐ‬ ِ ra am kelāsé naghāshee I went to drawing class

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻢ‬

(man) nara am

I didn't go

(tō) nara ee

You didn't go

(oo) nara

He/she didn't go

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺖ‬

(mā) nara eem

We didn't go

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘ‬

‫ﻼس ﻧ َﻘﺎﺷ‬ ِ ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﮐ‬ ِ ra eem musé We went to the museum

‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﻮزِه‬ jomʼé shab ra eem musé Friday night we went to the museum

‫ﻌﻪ ﺷَ ﺐ رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﻮزِه‬ ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬ va shanbé ra am pārk and Saturday I went to the park

(shomā) nara een You (all) didn't go

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘﯿﻦ‬

(ānhā) nara an

‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻦ‬

They didn't go

Leyla: matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬

،‫ﻣَﺖ‬

Matt: bad neestam leyla. ākharé ha é khosh gozasht? ‫ﺑَﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺧﻮش ﮔَﺬَﺷﺖ؟‬ َ ‫ آﺧَﺮه‬.‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ ﻟﯿﻼ‬

Matt: Friday. And Saturday I went to the park with my brother. Leyla: How great.

Leyla: āré, bad nabood. tō chetor? ākharé ha é chekār kardee? ‫ﮐﺎر‬

‫ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬

END OF LESSON 23

‫ﭼﻪ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟ آﺧَﺮه‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫ ﺑَﺪ ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬،‫آره‬

Matt: bā lādan ra am cinemā. ‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ Leyla: kay? ‫؟‬

ِ‫ﮐ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻻدَن رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬

Matt: jomʼé. shanbé ham ra am pārk bā barādaram.

‫ﻫﻢ رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﭘﺎرک ﺑﺎ ﺑَﺮادَرَم‬ َ ‫ ﺷﻨﺒِﻪ‬.‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ‬ Leyla: cheghadr khoob. ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﺧﻮب‬ ِ Leyla: Matt, how are you? Matt: Iʼm not bad Leyla. Did you have a good weekend?

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Leyla: Yes, it wasnʼt bad. How about you? What did you do over the weekend? Matt: I went to the movies with Ladan. Leyla: When?

‫ﺘﺎب ﺗﻮ‬ ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬ khoone-yé mā our house

Lesson 24: The Concept of ‘Ezafé’

‫ﺧﻮﻧﻪ ی ﻣﺎ‬ zan-é man my wife

Weʼve seen ezafé several times in previous lessons. It is the ʻéʼ

‫ن ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ َ‫ز‬

sound that follows a noun in order to let the listener know that more information is about to follow.

telephon-é Maryam Maryamʼs phone

formula:

‫ﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬ ِ ُ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔ‬

noun + é + more information The following are more specific uses of ezafé as outlined in the lesson.

FIRST USE OF EZAFÉ- TO TALK ABOUT POSSESSION:

SECOND USE OF EZAFÉ- LINK (PERSIAN) FIRST NAME TO LAST NAME: formula: first name + é + last name

formula:

fared-é shafinury

belonging + é + owner

Fared Shafinury ketab-é tō your book

‫ﻧﻮری‬

‫ﻓَﺮﯾﺪ ِ ﺷَ ﻔﯿ‬

‫ﻣَﺖ آﻗﺎ‬

leyla-yé shams Leyla Shams

‫ﻟﯿﻼی ﺷَ ﻤﺲ‬ ِ āghā Mr.

‫آﻗﺎ‬ khānoom Mrs/Ms.

‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮم‬ āghā-yé bourneuf Mr. Bourneuf

‫آﻗﺎی ﺑﻮرﻧ ُﻒ‬ khānoom shams Ms. Shams

‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﺷَ ﻤﺲ‬ leyla khānoom Ms. Leyla

‫ﻟﯿﻼ ﺧﺎﻧﻮم‬ matt āghā Mr. Matt

THIRD USE OF EZAFÉLINKING TWO NOUNS: formula: noun + é + more information film-é bambi the film Bambi

‫ﻢ ﺑَﻤﺒﯽ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﯿﻠ‬ kheeyaboon-é main Main Street

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﻣِﯿﻦ‬ ِ pārk-é lālé Laleh Park

‫ﭘﺎرک ﻻﻟِﻪ‬ ِ

FOURTH USE OF EZAFÉLINKING A NOUN TO AN ADJECTIVE:

formula:

boland

long

‫ﺑُﻠﻧد‬

sheek

chic

‫ﺷﯾﮏ‬

ghorbatee

shabby

‫ﻗُر َﺑﺗﯽ‬

tāreek

dark

‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬

roshan

light

‫رو َﺷن‬

noun + é + adjective morgh-é zard yellow chicken

‫ﺮغ زَرد‬ ِ ُ‫ﻣ‬ ketab-é khoob good book

‫ﺘﺎب ﺧﻮب‬ ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬ new adjectives: khoshmazé

good tasting

‫ﺧوش َﻣزه‬

badmazé

bad tasting

‫َﺑد َﻣزه‬

with nouns:

ghazā-yé khoshmazé

rāhat

comfortable

‫راﺣت‬ َ

good tasting food

nārāhat

uncomfortable

‫ﻧﺎراﺣت‬

‫َﺬای ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰه‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬ ghazā-yé badmazé

kootāh

short

‫ﮐوﺗﺎه‬

bad tasting food

‫َﺬای ﺑَﺪ ﻣَﺰه‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬

sandalee-yé rāhat comfortable chair

‫ﺐ ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬ ِ َ‫ﺷ‬

 ‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟ ِ را‬     

rooz-é roshan

sandalee-yé nārāhat

‫روز ِ روﺷَ ﻦ‬

uncomfortable chair

light day

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟ ِ ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ‬

sandalee-yé sheek-é kootāh

kheeyāboon-é kootāh

‫ﺷﯿﮏ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬ ِ َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺪﻟ‬

short street

the short comfortable chair

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬ ِ

kooh-é boland-é bozorg

kheeyāboon-é boland

‫ ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه ِ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬

long street

the long big mountain

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬ ِ

khanoom-é portman-é zeebā

lebās-é sheek

‫ﻦ زﯾﺒﺎ‬ ِ َ‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻤ‬

chic clothing

‫ﻟﺒﺎس ﺷﯿﮏ‬ ِ lebās-é ghorbatee shabby clothing

‫ﻟﺒﺎس زِﺷﺖ‬ ِ shab-é tāreek dark night

the beautiful Mrs. Portman

LINKING SEVERAL FUNCTIONS OF EZAFÉ: You can link several adjectives to a noun by using ezafé sandalee-yé sheek-é kootāh the short comfortable chair

‫ﺷﯿﮏ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬ ِ َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺪﻟ‬ kooh-é boland-é bozorg the long big book

‫ ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه ِ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬ khanoom-é portman-é zeebā the beautiful Mrs. Portman

‫ﻦ زﯾﺒﺎ‬ ِ َ‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻤ‬ barādar-é bāmazey-é man my funny brother

‫ی ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﺑَﺮادَر ِ ﺑﺎ ﻣَﺰِه‬ shab-é tāreek-é sard the cold dark night

‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬ ِ َ‫ﺷ‬

A GOOD TRICK FOR USING EZAFÉ: Write the English version of the noun and adjective combination youʼd like to communicate. Read the sentence backwards in Persian, linking the words together with an ʻéʼ

sound. This will give you the Persian equivalent of what you are trying to say. See the following examples: English version: cold - dark - night Opposite: night - dark - cold Persian equivalent: shab-é tareek-é sard

‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬ ِ َ‫ﺷ‬ English version: my - funny - brother Opposite: brother - funny - my Persian equivalent: barādar-é bāmaze-yé man

‫ﺑَﺮادَر ِ ﺑﺎﻣَﺰِه ی ﻣَﻦ‬

POSSESSIVE ENDINGS: One way to talk about possessions is by using ʻpossessive endingsʼ with the following formula: belonging + possessive ending -am

ketāb-am

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬

my book

-et

ketāb-et

māl-é kee-yé?

your book (informal

Whoʼs is this?

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺖ‬ -esh

ketāb-esh

‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ‬ ِ his/her book

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺶ‬

Note: If you are combining the possessive endings with the concept of ezafé, the possessive ending goes at the end of the phrase.

-emoonketāb-

our book

my small car

emoon

(trick: think opposite, car - small - my)

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﻤﻮن‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮑ َﻢ‬ ِ

-etoon ketāb-etoon your book (plural or

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺘﻮن‬ -

ketābe-

eshoon shoon

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺸﻮن‬

masheen-é koocheek-am

formal)

their book

māsheen-é koocheek-é geroon-am my expensive small car

‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﮔِﺮوﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ِ ِ

TALKING ABOUT PROPERTY: māl property

‫ﻣﺎل‬

To talk about an item that belongs to someone, you use the

māl-é kee-yé?

following formula:

Whoʼs is this?

‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ‬ ِ

māl + é + owner mal-é man

mine

‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ

mal-é tō

yours (informal)

‫ﻣﺎل ﺗﻮ‬ ِ

mal-é oo

his/hers/its

Itʼs mine

‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ ِ oon telephone māl-é man-é

‫ﻣﺎل او‬ ِ

mal-é mā

ours

‫ﻣﺎل ﻣﺎ‬ ِ

mal-é shomā

yours (formal)

‫ﻣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ِ

mal-é ānhā (oonā) theirs

māl-é man-é

‫ﻣﺎل اﻧﻬﺎ‬ ِ

That telephone is mine

‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ ‫اون ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮن‬ ِ oon telephone māl-é kee-yé? Whoʼs telephone is that?

‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫اون ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮن‬ ِ Leyla: een māsheen māl-é kee-yé? ‫ﮐﯾﮫ؟‬ ِ ‫اﯾن ﻣﺎﺷﯾن‬ ِ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ Matt: een māsheen māl-é man-e. ‫ﻣﺎل َﻣﻧِﮫ‬ ِ ‫اﯾن ﻣﺎﺷﯾن‬ OR

mal-é matt

Matt's

‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﺖ‬ ِ

Matt: māl-é man-e. ‫ﻣﺎل َﻣﻧِﮫ‬ ِ

mal-é leyla

Leyla's

‫ﻣﺎل ﻟﯿﻼ‬ ِ

Mr. Smith: salām, man āghā-yé smith hastam. ‫ی‬ ِ ‫ َﻣن آﻗﺎ‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬ ‫اِﺳﻣﯾت َھﺳ َﺗم‬ Mrs. Nouri: salām āghā-yé smith. man khānoom-é nouri hastam. ‫ َﻣن ﺧﺎ ُﻧ ِم ﻧوری َھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫ی اِﺳﻣﯾت‬ ِ ‫َﺳﻼم آﻗﺎ‬

Mr. Smith: salām khanoom-é nouri. ‫َﺳﻼم ﺧﺎ ُﻧ ِم ﻧوری‬

Sara: Do you also have a car?

Mrs. Nouri: een dochark-é māl-é shomā-st? ‫ﻣﺎل‬ َ ‫اﯾن‬ ِ ‫دوﭼرﺧِﮫ‬

Joe: I also have a car, but my car is not working!

ُ ‫ﺷﻣﺎﺳت؟‬ Mr. Smith: na, māl-é pesaram-é ‫ﻣﺎل ِﭘ َﺳ َرﻣِﮫ‬ ِ ،‫َﻧﮫ‬

END OF LESSON 24

Mrs. Nouri: ché ghashang-é! ‫ِﭼﮫ َﻗ َﺷﻧﮕِﮫ‬ Mr. Smith: khayli mamnoon ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬ Mrs. Nouri: māsheen ham dāreen? ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯾن َھم دارﯾن؟‬ Mr. Smith: māsheen ham dāram. vali māsheen-am kharābe. ‫راﺑﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯾن َھم‬ ِ ‫ َوﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﺷﯾ َﻧم َﺧ‬.‫دارم‬ Mr. smith: Hello, I am Mr. Smith. Sara: Hello Mr. Smith. I am Mrs. Nouri. Joe: Hello Mrs. Nouri. Sara: Does this bike belong to you? Joe: No, itʼs my sonʼs. Sara: Itʼs so nice! Joe: Thank you.

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Lesson 25: Compound Verbs

(oo) kard

He/she did

‫َﮐرد‬

(mā) kardeem

We did

‫َﮐردﯾم‬

(shomā) kardeen

You (all) did

‫َﮐردﯾن‬

(oonā) kardan

They did

‫َﮐردَ ن‬

Compound verbs consist of two verbs that form one idea. In most compound verbs, the second verb is either kardan, to do, or shodan, to become. Use the past stem of kardan or

TO BECOME:

shodan to construct these compound verbs in the past tense. Kardan or shodan takes on the past form while the first word in the coupound verb does not change.

shodan ----> shod to become ----> past stem of to become

        ‫ ﺷُ ﺪ‬             ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

TO DO: kardan ----> kard to do ----> past stem of to do

(man) shodam

I became

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(tō) shodee

You became

‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬

(oo) shod

He/she became

‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

(mā) shodeem

We became

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) shodeen

You (all) became

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) shodan

They became

‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

      ‫ ﮐ َﺮد‬             ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ (man) kardam

I did

‫َﮐردَ م‬

(tō) kardee

You did

‫َﮐردی‬

āshpazee kardan

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND VERBS USING ‘KARDAN’:

to cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

In these examples, the verb kardan is conjugated, while the first word of the compound verb stays the same.

TO WORK; TO DO WORK:

ākharé ha é cheekār kardee? What did you do over the weekend? (informal)

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ ākharé ha é cheekār kardeen? What did you do over the weekend? (formal)

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ kār kardan

kār kardan ----> kār kard to work ----> past stem of to work

        ‫ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮد‬             ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ (man) kār kardam

I did work

‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) kār kardee

You did work

‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) kār kard

He/she did work ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

(mā) kār kardeem

We did work

‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) kār

You (all) did

kardeen

work

‫ﮐﺎر‬

(oonā) kār kardan

They did work

‫ﮐﺎر‬

to do work

‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ telephon kardan to make a phone call

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ bāzi kardan to play

‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO MAKE A CALL:

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

telephon kardan ----> telephon kard to call ----> past stem of to call

        ‫ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬             ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬

TO COOK; TO DO COOKING: āshpazee kardan ----> āshpazee kard to cook ----> past stem of to cook

        ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬             ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮد‬ (man) telephon

I made a call

kardam

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) telephon kardee You made a call ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

I cooked

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) āshpazee kardee

You cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) āshpazee kard

He/she

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮد‬

(man) āshpazee kardam

‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) telephon kard

He/she made a call

(mā) telephon

We made a call

kardeem (shomā) telephon kardeen

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬

cook

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ You (all) made a ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

We cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) āshpazee

You (all)

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

(mā) āshpazee kardeem

call

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

kardeen

cook

(oonā) telephon

They made a

kardan

call

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

(oonā) āshpazee

They cook

‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

kardan

TO PLAY:

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

bāzi kardan ----> bāzi kard

(tō) tamreen kardee You practiced

to play ----> past stem of to play

        ‫ ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮد‬ (man) bāzi kardam I played

‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) bāzi kardee

You played

‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) bāzi kard

He/she played  ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﺑﺎزی‬

(mā) bāzi kardeem

We played

‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) bāzi

You (all)

kardeen

played

‫ﺑﺎزی‬

(oonā) bāzi kardan

They played

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) tamreen kard

He/she practiced

(mā) tamreen

We practiced

kardeem

‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬

(shomā) tamreen

You (all)

kardeen

practiced

(oonā) tamreen

They practiced‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬

kardan

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO PRACTICE: tamreen kardan ----> tamreen kard to practice ----> past stem of to practice

        ‫ ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬ (man) tamreen kardam

I practiced

‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

TO MAKE: dorost kardan ----> dorost kard to make ----> past stem of to make

        ‫ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬

(man) dorost kardam I made

‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) dorost kardee

‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) dorost kard

You made

He/she made

‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬

(man) tamāshā

I watched

kardam

‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) tamāshā kardee You watched

(shomā) dorost

You (all)

kardeen

made

(oonā) dorost kardan They made

‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO WATCH: tamāshā kardan ----> tamāshā kard to watch ----> past stem of to watch

        ‫ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) tamāshā kard

He/she watched

(mā) dorost kardeem We made

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

(mā) tamāshā

We watched

kardeem

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

(shomā) tamāshā

You (all)

kardeen

watched

(oonā) tamāshā

They watched ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

kardan

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

EXAMPLES: (man) sāndeveech dorost kardam I made a sandwich

 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪِوﯾﭻ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ (man) feelm tamāsha kardam I watched a film

‫ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ (man) piāno tamreen kardam I practiced piano

 ‫ﭘﯿﺎﻧﻮ ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬           ‫ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬ (man) khoshhāl shodam

I became happy ‫ﺣﺎل‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬

(tō) khoshhāl

You became

shodee

happy

(oo) khoshhāl

He/she became  ‫ﺣﺎل‬

shod

‫ﺧﻮش‬

‫ﺪی‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﻮش‬

happy

‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

(mā) khoshhāl

We became

shodeem

happy

 ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬

(man) emrooz kār kardam I worked today

‫اِﻣﺮوز ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ (man) deerooz kār kardam I worked yesterday

 ‫دﯾﺮوز ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

COMPOUND VERBS USING ‘SHODAN’: TO BECOME HAPPY: khoshhāl shodan ----> khoshhāl shod to become happy ----> past stem of to become happy

(shomā) khoshhāl You (all) shodeen

became happy

(oonā) khoshhāl They became shodan

happy

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

TO BECOME UNHAPPY: nārāhat shodan ----> nārāhat shod to become unhappy ----> past stem of to become unhappy

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺣﺖ ﺷ‬ َ ‫ ﻧﺎرا‬           ‫ﺣﺖ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ (man) narāhat shodam

I became unhappy ‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(tō) narāhat

You became

shodee

unhappy

(oo) narāhat shod He/she became unhappy

‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ ‫ﺪی‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

 ‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬

khasté shodan ----> khasté shod to become tired ----> past stem of to become tired

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷ‬           ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ (man) khasté

I became tired

shodam

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(tō) khasté shodee You became tired

‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

(oo) khasté shod

He/she became tired

(mā) narāhat

We became

shodeem

unhappy

(shomā) narāhat You (all) became shodeen

unhappy

(oonā) narāhat

They became

shodan

unhappy

TO BECOME TIRED:

‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬

‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(mā) khasté shodeem (shomā) khasté shodeen

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺪی‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬

We became tired ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬ You (all) became ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬ tired

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) khasté

They became

shodan

tired

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

TO BECOME ANGRY:

‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

asabānee shodan ----> asabānee shod to become angry ----> past stem of to become angry

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺷ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬           ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬ (man) asabānee

I became angry

shodam

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(tō) asabānee

You became

shodee

angry

(oo) asabānee shod He/she became angry (mā) asabānee

We became

shodeem

angry

(shomā) asabānee You (all) became shodeen

angry

(oonā) asabānee

They became

shodan

angry

‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺑﺎز ﺷ‬ dar bāz shod the door opened

‫دَر ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪ‬ nordestrom bāz shod

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

Nordstroms opened

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

basté shodan

‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

‫ﻧ ُﺮدِﺳﺘُﺮم ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪ‬ to become closed

‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺑَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺷ‬ maghāzé basté shod the store closed

‫ﻣَﻐﺎزه ﺑَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ hāzer shodan to become ready

‫ﺪن‬ ِ َ ُ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷ‬ ghazā hāzer shod

bāz shodan to become open

the food became ready

‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻏَﺬا‬ ِ

Leyla: matt, ākharé ha é cheekār kardee? ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ َ

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ ِ

‫ آﺧَﺮ‬،‫ﻣَﺖ‬

Matt: āshpazee kardam. ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬ Leyla: eh! chee dorost kardee? ‫ﭼ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ Matt: ghormé sabzee dorost kardam. ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ﻗﻮرﻣﻪ‬

Leyla: cheghadr āli! lādan chee fekr kard? !

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﻋﺎﻟ‬ ِ

‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

‫ﻻدَن ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮد؟‬

Matt: lādan khayli khoshhāl shod. ‫ﺣﺎل‬

‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

Matt: I cooked. Leyla: Oh! What did you make? Matt: I made ʻghormeh zabzeeʼ Leyla: How wonderful! What did Ladan think?

āshpazee kardan to cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدن‬

to think

‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ chee fekr kardee? What did you think?

‫ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش‬ ِ ‫ﻻدَن‬

Leyla: Matt, what did you do over the weekend?

Matt: Ladan became very happy.

fekr kardan

END OF LESSON 25

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺗﻮی‬ ِ (‫)ﺗﻮ‬

Lesson 26: Prepositions rooyé

beerooné outside

‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬ ِ

(roo)

jeloyé

on

(jelō)

‫روی‬ ِ (‫)رو‬

in front of

Pronunciation note: For preposition words that end with the sound -yé, the -yé sound is o en dropped in conversational speech. So, the word rooyé, for example, is o en pronounced roo in casual speech. We will include the alternate pronunciation in parantheses when appropriate.

‫ﻠﻮی‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺟ‬ poshté behind

‫ﺸﺖ‬ ِ ُ‫ﭘ‬ bālāyé (bālā)

zeeré

above

under

‫ﺑﺎﻻی‬ ِ

ِ ‫زﯾﺮ‬

pāyeené

tooyé

below

(too)

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ِ

inside

pahlooyé (pahloo) next to

‫ﻬﻠﻮی‬ ِ ِ‫ﭘ‬ kenāré next to

ِ ‫ﮐِﻨﺎر‬ dākhelé inside

‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫دا‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬ tarafé chapé to the le of

‫ﭗ‬ ِ َ‫ﻃَﺮ‬ َ ‫ف‬ ِ ‫ﭼ‬ tarafé rāsté to the right of

‫ﺳﺖ‬ ِ ِ َ‫ﻃَﺮ‬ َ‫ف ر‬ rooberooyé across from

‫ﺮوی‬ ِ ِ ‫روﺑ‬

EXAMPLES: ketāb rooyé (roo) meezé the book is on the table

‫ﮐِﺘﺎب‬ ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬ ِ telephon zeeré meezé the telephone is under the table

ِ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ زﯾﺮ ِ ﻣﯿﺰ‬ telephon tooyé keefé the telephone is in the purse

‫ﮐﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻮی‬ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِ ِ telephon beerooné keefé the telephone is outside the purse

‫ﮐﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِ ِ sandalee jeloyé (jelo) meezé the chair is in front of the table

‫ﺪﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻠﻮی‬ ِ ِ ‫)ﺟﻠﻮ( ﻣﯿﺰ‬ ِ ‫ﺟ‬ sandalee poshté meezé the chair is behind the table

ِ َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬ ُ ‫ﺪﻟ ﭘ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺸﺖ‬ ِ ‫)ﺟﻠﻮ( ﻣﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺒﻞ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐِﻨﺎر ِ ﻣ‬

computer rooyé meezé the computer is on the table

‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ‬ ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬ ِ

dākhelé maghāzam

telephonam rooyé meezé

‫ﻞ ﻣَﻐﺎزَم‬ ِ ‫دا‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬

Iʼm inside the stoor

my telephone is on the table

sārā tarafé rāsté maryamé

‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬ ِ

Sara is to the right of Maryam

‫ﻢ‬ ‫ف‬ ِ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎرا ﻃَﺮ‬ ِ َ ‫راﺳﺖ ﻣَﺮﯾ‬

māsheen tooyé gārāgé the car is in the garage

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻮی ﮔﺎراژ‬ ِ

david tarafé chapé johné

parandé bālāyé derakhté

‫ﺣﺎن‬ ‫ﭗ‬ ِ َ‫داوﯾﺪﻃَﺮ‬ َ ‫ف‬ ِ ِ ‫ﭼ‬

the bird is above the tree

‫ﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﭘِﺮَﻧﺪِه‬ ِ َ‫ﺑﺎﻻی دِر‬ ِ sag pāyeené meezé the dog is below the table

‫ﺳﮓ‬ َ ِ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰ‬ ِ television pahlooyé moblé the television is next to the couch

‫ﺒﻞ‬ َ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻮزﯾﻮن ﭘ‬ ِ ِ ُ ‫ﻬﻠﻮی ﻣ‬ telephon kenāré moblé the telephone is next to the couch

David is to the le of John

EXERCISE: Instructions: Pick a noun from the le column and use one of our new preposition words to place it in relation to a noun from the right column. Weʼve learned many of the nouns before, but some are new, so weʼve included all the English meanings in parentheses following the words. NOUN #1 +

PREPOSITION + NOUN #2 +

rooznāmé (newspaper)

khooné (home)

-é

morgh (chicken)

meez (purse)

kafsh (shoe)

keef (purse)

gorbé (cat)

māsheen (car)

sag (dog)

gāree (cart)

ketāb (book)

keef (purse)

aynak (glasses)

mobl (couch)

goldoon (vase)

sandalee (chair)

END OF LESSON 26

Sample sentences: 1. rooznamé too keefé. 2. gorbé kenāré moblé 3._________________________________________________________

Pronunciation Guide:

4._________________________________________________________ a 5._________________________________________________________

short a

like in hat

6._________________________________________________________ ā

long a

like in not

7._________________________________________________________ é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

8._________________________________________________________ ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

(man)

I know

Lesson 27: Present Continuous Tense

singular

meedoonam (tō) meedooneeYou know (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬

(oo) meedooné He/she knows

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬

irregular, and simply need to be memorized. Please note that

(mā)

We know

as always, the formal and informal stems are different in the

meedooneem

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬

(shomā)

You (all) know

meedooneen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﯿﻦ‬

(oonā)

They know

Persian language. We are learning the informal present stems in Chai and Conversation.

plural

Unlike past stems, present stems in the Persian language are

formula:

meedoonan

mee + present stem + personal suffix

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬

TO KNOW:

For the negative present simple tense verbs, simply add a né

Infinitive: doonestan ‫دوﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬

to the front of the word:

Present Stem: doon ‫دون‬

formula:

mee + doon + personal suffix

né + mee + present stem + personal suffix

TO NOT KNOW:

Infinitive: neshastan ‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘَﻦ‬

Infinitive: doonestan ‫دوﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬

Present Stem: sheen ‫ﺷﯿﻦ‬

Present Stem: doon ‫دون‬

mee + sheen + personal suffix

né + mee + doon + personal suffix

singular

nemeedoonam (tō)

You don't

nemeedoonee know

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ‬

(informal) (oo)

He/she

nemeedooné

doesn't know

(mā)

We don't

nemeedooneemknow plural

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

(shomā)

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬

You (all) don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ‬ They don't

nemeedoonan know

TO SIT:

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬

I sit

meesheenam

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬

nemeedooneen know (formal) (oonā)

(man) singular

I don't know

(tō) meesheeneeYou sit (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬

(oo) meesheené He/she sits

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬

(mā)

We sit

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

(shomā)

You (all) sit

meesheeneen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

(oonā)

They sit

meesheeneem plural

(man)

meesheenan

TO NOT SIT:

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬

Infinitive: neshastan Infinitive: ra an ‫رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬

Present Stem: sheen

Present Stem: r ‫ر‬

I don't sit

singular

nemeesheenam (tō)

You don't sit

nemeesheenee (informal)

plural

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬ ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬

(oo)

He/she

nemeesheené

doesn't sit

(mā)

We don't sit

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

You (all)

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

nemeesheeneem (shomā)

nemeesheeneen don't sit (formal) (oonā)

They don't

nemeesheenan sit

TO GO:

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬

mee + r + personal suffix

singular

(man)

plural

né + mee + sheen + personal suffix

(man) meeram I go

‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

(tō) meeree

You go (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺮی‬

(oo) meeré

He/she goes

‫ﻣﯿﺮِه‬

(mā) meereem We go

‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You (all) go

meereen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) meeran They go

TO NOT GO: né + mee + r + personal suffix

‫ﻣﯿﺮَن‬

I don't go

singular

nemeeram (tō) nemeeree You don't go (informal)

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮَم‬

TO DO:

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮِی‬

Infinitive: kardan

(oo) nemeeré He/she doesn't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮه‬

ِ

(mā)

We don't go

plural

nemeereem (shomā)

You (all) don't go

nemeereen

(formal)

(oonā)

They don't go

Present Stem: kon mee + kon + personal suffix

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬

(man)

I do

meekonam singular

(man)

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮَن‬

(tō) meekonee

You do (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬

(oo) meekoné

He/she does

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

COMPOUND PRESENT VERBS:

(mā)

We do

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

You can use the present stem of kardan to construct

(shomā)

You (all) do

meekoneen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬

the present stem form, while the first word in the compound

(oonā)

They do

verb does not change.

meekonan

compound verbs in the present tense as well. Kardan takes on

meekoneem plural

nemeeran

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

TO WORK:

Leyla: ākharé ha é cheekār meekonee? ‫ﮐﺎر‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬

Infinitive: kār kardan

Matt: kār meekonam. ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﭼﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺎر‬

Present Stem: kār kon Leyla: What are you doing over the weekend?

kār + mee + kon + personal suffix (man) kār

I work

singular

meekonam (tō) kār

You work

meekonee

(informal)

(oo) kār

He/she works

meekoné

Matt: I am working

 ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

ākharé ha é cheekār kardee? What did you do over the weekend?

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ cheekār meekonee? What are you doing? (informal)

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ ِ (mā) kār

We work

plural

meekoneem

kār meekonam I am working.

(shomā) kār

You (all) work

meekoneen

(formal)

(oonā) kār

They work

meekonan

 ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ākharé ha é cheekār meekonee? What are you doing over the weekend?

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬

TO SWIM:

TO WATCH: Infinitive: tamāshā kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

Present Stem: tamāshā kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬

shenā + mee + kon + personal suffix (man) shenā

I swim

singular

meekonam

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ You swim

meekonee

(informal)

(oo) shenā

He/she swims ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

(mā) shenā

We swim

meekoneem (shomā) shenā meekoneen (oonā) shenā meekonan

(man) tamāshā I watch meekonam

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

‫َﺗﻣﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

(tō) shenā

meekoné

plural

‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

tamāshā + mee + kon + personal suffix

singular

Present Stem: shenā kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

(tō) tamāshā

You watch

meekonee

(informal)

(oo) tamāshā

He/she

meekoné

watches

(mā) tamāshā

We watch

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ You (all) swim  ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ (formal)

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬

meekoneem

They swim

 ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬ ِ

(shomā)

You (all)

tamāshā

watch

meekoneen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

plural

Infinitive: shenā kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬  ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬

(oonā) tamāshā They watch meekonan

shām meekhoram

‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

I eat dinner

‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

I am eating dinner I will eat dinner

Note: The present tense in colloquial Persian can mean one of

‫ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

three things: 1) present simple

EVERY:

2) future simple 3) present continuous

In order to convey the concept of ʻeveryʼ with time, simply

You need to use conversation context clues to figure out which the speaker is referring to. See below for examples.

add -hā to a quantity of time. -hā

television tamāshā meekonam

every

I watch television

-‫ﻫﺎ‬

I am watching television I will watch television

‫ﺗِﻠِﻮزﯾﻮن ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ sobhāné meekhoram I eat lunch I am eating lunch

sobh-hā every morning

‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ rooz-hā every day

I will eat lunch

‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫روز‬

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ ُ

shab-hā every night

‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣَﺪ ﻣِﻦ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

yek shanbé-hā

doshanbé shab-hā footbāll tamāshā meekonam

every Sunday

On Monday nights, I watch football

‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬

‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺷَ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

sobh-hā sobhāné meekhoram

END OF LESSON 27

Every morning, I eat breakfast In the mornings, I eat breakfast.

‫ﺻﺒﺤﻬﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ ُ ‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ rooz-hā nāhār meekhhoram Every day, I eat lunch In the days, I eat lunch

Pronunciation Guide:

‫ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬-‫روز‬

a

short a

like in hat

shab-hā shām meekohram

ā

long a

like in not

In the evenings, I eat dinner

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

‫ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬-‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Every night, I eat dinner

yek shanbé-hā mad men tamāshā meekonam On Sundays, I watch Mad Men

har ha é bé kelāssé yogā meeram I go to yoga class every week

‫ﻼﺳﻪ ﯾﻮﮔﺎ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﺑِﻪ ﮐ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ

Lesson 28: Habitual Actions

har māh bé khooneyé mādar zanam meeram I go to my mother in laws house every day

‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺑِﻪ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﯾِﻪ ﻣﺎدَر زَﻧ َﻢ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ har sāl bé hāwaii meeram

EVERY:

I go to Hawaii every year

‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل ﺑِﻪ ﻫﺎواﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ

har every

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ

EACH:

har rooz

every day

‫ﻫﺮ روز‬ َ

har ha é

every week

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ

har māh har sāl

every month every year

‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه‬ َ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل‬ َ

har rooz bé kār meeram I go to work every day

‫ﻫﺮ روز ﺑِﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ

The suffix -ee means each, a, or per. roozee

each day

‫روزی‬

ha é-ee

each week

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ای‬ َ

māh-ee

each month

‫ﻣﺎﻫ‬

sāl-ee

each year

‫ﺳﺎﻟ‬

rooz-ee yek bār once a day

‫روزی ﯾَﮏ ﺑﺎر‬

har dō rooz yek bār bé estakhr meeram

har dō rooz yek bār

‫ﻫﺮ دو روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ

once every two days

I go to the pool once every two days

‫ﻫﺮ روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ َ

ha é-ee yek bār bé kelāssé yogā meeram

har sé rooz yek bār

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﮐِﻼﺳﻪ ﯾﻮﮔﺎ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ

once every three days

once a week I go to yoga class

 ‫ﺳﻪ روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ ِ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ

har dō ha é yek bār bé khooneyé doostam meeram

ha é-ee yek bar

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﺧﻮﻧﻬﯿﻪ دوﺳﺘَﻢ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬ َ

once a week

Every other week, I go to my friendʼs house.

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ َ

māh-ee yek bār bé dāllās meeram

har dō ha é yek bar

‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

once every two weeks

once a month I go to Dallas

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ َ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬ َ

har chāhār māh yek bār bé dāllās meeram

māh-ee yek bar

‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﺎه ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ َ

once a month

I go to Dallas once every four months

‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬

sāl-ee yek bār bé hāwaii meeram

rooz-ee yek bār bé estakhr meeram

‫ﺳﺎﻟ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﻫﺎواﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

once a day I go to the pool

 ‫روزی ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

I go to Hawaii once a year

har rooz āshpazee meekonam I cook every day

‫ﻫﺮ روز آﺷﭙَﺮی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ َ

har dō sé ha é yek bār bé dāllās meeram

ha eyee yek bār āshpazee meekonam

I go to Dallas once every two or three weeks

I cook once a week

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم؟‬ ِ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬ َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ َ

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ َ

END OF LESSON 28

har dō rooz yek bār āshpazee meekonam I cook every other day

‫ﻫﺮ دو روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ َ har chand vakht yek bār āshpazee meekonee?

Pronunciation Guide:

How o en do you cook?

‫ﭼﻨﺪ وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ َ َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬

a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

har chand vakht yek bār bé dāllās meeree? How o en do you go to Dallas?

‫ﭼﻨﺪ وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬ َ َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ Matt: har chand vakht yek bār bé dāllās meeree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ

‫وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬

Leyla: har dō sé ha é yek bār bé dāllās meeram. ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ِ

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم؟‬ َ

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ

‫ﻫﺮ دو‬ َ

dāram meekhoram I am eating

‫دارَم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

Lesson 29: More Present Continuous and Imperatives (!)

So although it isnʼt necessary, adding the appropriate conjugation of dāshtan to the present tense verb will let the listener know that you are without a doubt in the middle of an action. formula:

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

dār + personal ending

Adding the present tense of dāshtan to a present continuous

ending

+

mee + present stem + personal

verb emphasizes the fact that you are in the middle of doing something. As noted before, the present tense in colloquial Persian can

TO HAVE:

mean one of three things: 1) present simple, 2) future simple,

Infinitive: dāshtan ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬

3) present continuous. So for instance, for the verb meekhoram means I eat in the present simple tense. However, it could also be taken to mean ʻI will eatʼ (future simple) or ʻI

Present stem: dār ‫دار‬

Now, in order to emphasize that you are in the middle of doing something, there is a word that you can add to meekhoram, and that is the word dārām, or I have.

singular

am eatingʼ (present continuous). dāram

I have

‫دارَم‬

dāree

You have (informal)

‫داری‬

dāré

He/she has

‫دارِه‬

plural

meeyābn They come dāreem We have

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

dāreen

You have (formal)

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

dāran

They have

‫دارَن‬

‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬

Pronunciation Note: Because the present stem is a vowel, adjustments are made to the conjuncations to make the words flow better.

TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF COMING:

TO COME:

Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

Present Stem: ā ‫آ‬

plural

meeyām

I come

‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬

meeyāy

You come (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺎی‬

meeyād

He/she comes

‫ﻣﯿﺎد‬

meeyāym We come

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬

meeyāyn You come (formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬

I am coming

‫دارَم‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬

dāree

You are coming

meeyāy

(informal)

‫داری‬

dāré

He/she is coming

dāram meeyām singular

singular

Present Stem: ā ‫آ‬

meeyād

‫ﻣﯿﺎی‬ ‫دارَه ﻣﯿﺎد‬

We are coming

plural

meeyāym dāreen

You are coming

meeyāyn

(formal)

dāran

They are coming

meeyān

‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬

dāreem

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

meekhoreem

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬

dāreen

‫دارَن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬

plural

dāreem

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

Infinitive: khordan ‫ﺧﻮردَن‬

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

You are eating

meekhoreen dāran

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬ They are eating

meekhoran

TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF EATING:

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

We are eating

‫دارَن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬

TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF SITTING: Infinitive: neshastan ‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘَﻦ‬

Present Stem: khor ‫ﺧﻮر‬

Present Stem: sheen ‫ﺷﯿﻦ‬ I am eating

singular

meekhoram

‫دارَم‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

meesheenam

‫داری‬

dāree

You are eating

meekhoree

(informal)

dāré

He/she is eating  ‫دارَه‬

meekhoré

dāram

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬

singular

dāram

I am sitting ‫دارَم‬

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬

dāree

You are

meesheenee

sitting

 ‫داری‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬

sitting

‫دارَه‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬

We are

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

dāré meesheené He/she is

dāreem

plural

meesheeneem sitting dāreen

You are

meesheeneen

sitting

dāran

They are

meesheenan

sitting

lotfan besheen please sit (informal)

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬

lotfan besheeneen please sit (formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫دارﯾﻦ‬

befarmā besheen

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

please, go ahead, sit (informal)

‫دارَن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬ befarmāyeen besheeneen please, go ahead, sit (formal)

IMPERATIVE:

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

formula:

Note: To make the imperative statement negative, simply add bé + present stem + personal ending besheen sit (informal)

‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬ besheeneen sit (formal)

‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

a na to the beginning of the statement. formula: na + present stem + personal ending nasheen donʼt sit (informal)

‫ﻧ َﺸﯿﻦ‬

nasheeneen donʼt sit (formal)

‫ﻧ َﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ lotfan oonjā nasheeneen please donʼt sit there (formal)

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ gozāshtan to put

‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬ bezār put (informal)

‫ﺑِﺬار‬ bezāreen put (formal)

‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ‬ bezār roo meez put (it) on the table

‫ﺑِﺬار رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬ bezār pāyeen put (it) down (informal)

‫ﺑِﺬار ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ bezāreen pāyeen put (it) down (formal)

‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ketāb-ō bezār pāyeen put the book down (informal)

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬار ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ketāb-ō bezār roo meez put the book on the table

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬار رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬ lotfan ketāb-ō bezāreen roo meez please put the book on the table (formal)

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬

lotfan ketāb-ō bezāreen pāyeen please put the book down (formal)

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

END OF LESSON 29

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

singular

Lesson 30: Review of Unit 3

plural

special verb, khordan.

‫ﺧﻮردَن‬

(tō) khordee

 ‫ﺧﻮردی‬

You ate (informal) He/she ate

(mā) khordeem We ate

verb tenses learned in Unit 3. Weʼll begin by using one very

to eat

 ‫ﺧﻮردَم‬

(oo) khord

Note: In this special review lesson, we will go through all the

khordan

(man) khordam I ate

(shomā) khordeen

 ‫ﺧﻮرد‬

‫ﺧﻮردﯾﻢ‬

You ate (formal)  ‫ﺧﻮردﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) khordan They ate

 ‫ﺧﻮردَن‬

PAST TENSE:

NEGATIVE:

Note: Persian verbs in the infinitive verb have an -an ending.

To make a verb negative, simply add the prefix na-

In order to get the past stem of the verb, you simply remove the -an. This also generally gives you the third person past tense of the verb.

formula: na + verb nakhordan

khordan ----> khord to eat ----> past stem of to eat

        ‫ ﺧﻮردن‬    ‫ﺧﻮرد‬

to not eat

‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَن‬ Again, take off the -an to arrive at the past stem of the verb.

deerooz nāhār nakhordam

TO NOT EAT:

I did not eat lunch yesterday

nakhordan ----> nakhord

 ‫دﯾﺮوز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬

to not eat ----> past stem of to not eat

emrooz nāhār khordam

        ‫ ﻧ َﺨﻮردن‬    ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرد‬ I didn't eat

 ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬

(tō)

You didn't eat

nakhordee

(informal)

 ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردی‬

singular

nakhordam

(oo) nakhord He/she doesn't eat

 ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرد‬

(shomā)

You don't eat

nakhordeen

(formal)

 ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردﯾﻦ‬

(oonā)

They don't eat

nakhordan

simply need to be memorized. formula: mee + present stem + personal ending

‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردﯾﻢ‬

nakhordeem

PRESENT TENSE: The present stem of Persian verbs is generally irregular, and

We don't eat

(mā)

‫اﻣﺮوز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮردَم‬

 ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَن‬

Stem: khor

(man)

I eat

meekhordam singular

(man)

plural

I ate lunch today

(tō) meekhordee You eat (informal) (oo) meekhordé He/she eats

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬

We eat

plural

meekhordeem (shomā)

You eat

meekhordeen

(formal)

(oonā)

They eat

meekhordan

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

singu

(mā)

(tō) dāree meekhoree

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬

PRESENT CONTINOUS:

You are eating  ‫داری‬ (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬

(oo) dāré

He/she is

meekhoré

eating

 ‫دارِه‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬

(mā) dāreem

We are eating

‫دارﯾﻢ‬

meekhoreem

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

generally irregular, and simply need to be memorized.

formula: dar + personal ending PLUS mee + present stem + personal ending Stem: khor

plural

As previously noted, the present stem of Persian verbs is

(shomā) dāreen You are eating ‫دارﯾﻦ‬ meekhoreen

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) dāran

They are

meekhoran

eating

  ‫دارَن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬

dāree cheekār meekonee? (man) dāram meekhoram

I am eating

 ‫دارَم‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

What are you doing? (informal)

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ ِ ‫داری‬ dāram kār meekonam I am working

‫دارَم ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﺑُﺨﻮر‬

dāram nāhār meekhoram I am eating lunch

‫دارَم ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ dāram shām meekhoram I am eating dinner

‫دارَم ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ dāreem sobhāné meekhoreem We are eating breakfast

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬ ُ ‫دارﯾﻢ‬ dāran shām meekhoran They are eating dinner

‫دارَن ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬

bokhoreen! Eat! (formal)

‫ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬ lotfan bokhor! Please eat! (informal)

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑُﺨﻮر‬

lotfan bokhoreen! Please eat! (formal)

‫ﻟُﺘﻔﺎ ً ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬

To make the imperative negative,: formula: na + personal stem

IMPERATIVE:

nakhor!

formula: bé + personal stem Pronunciation note: Although this is this formula, the imperative form of ʻto eatʼ is an exception. It begins with bo instead of bé.

Donʼt eat! (informal)

‫ﻧ َﺨﻮر‬ nakhoreen! Donʼt eat! (formal)

bokhor! Eat! (informal)

‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬

befarmāyeen bokhoreen!

(oo) sohbat

Please eat! (formal)

kard

‫ﺑِﻔﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬ befarmā bokhor!

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

We spoke

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) sohbat You spoke

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

(mā) sohbat

Please eat! (informal)

He/she spoke  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ

kardeem

‫ﺑِﻔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑُﺨﻮر‬ plural

COMPOUND VERBS:

kardeen

(formal)

(oonā) sohbat

They spoke

Now, letʼs continue the exercise using the compound verb sohbat kardan. sohbat kardan ----> sohbat kard

kardan

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

to speak ----> past stem of to speak

        ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ ُ     َ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬ ُ (man) sohbat

We spoke

singular

kardam (tō) sohbat

You spoke

kardee

(informal)

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

bobak sohbat kard Bobak spoke

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬ ُ ‫ﺑﺎﺑَﮏ‬ een ha é, clinton sohbat kard This week, Clinton spoke

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﺘُﻦ‬ man o tō sohbat kardeem You and I spoke

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬

bā māmānam sohbat meekonam I am speaking with my mother

Stem: sohbat kon I speak

singular

meekonam (tō) sohbat meekonee

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ He/she

meekoné

speaks

We speak

plural

meekoneem (shomā) sohbat You speak meekoneen

(formal)

(oonā) sohbat

They speak

meekonan

Stem: sohbat kard

You speak

(oo) sohbat

(mā) sohbat

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

(man) dāram

I am

sohbat

speaking

‫دارَم‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

(tō) dāree

You are

sohbat

speaking

‫داری‬

meekonee

(informal)

meekonam

singular

(man) sohbat

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬

(oo) dāré sohbat He/she is meekoné

speaking

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ ‫دارِه‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

(mā) dāreem

We are

sohbat

speaking

meekoneem

plural

(shomā) dāreen You are sohbat

speaking

meekoneen

(formal)

(oonā) dāran

They are

sohbat

speaking

meekonan

‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫دارﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫دارَن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬

sohbat bokoneem! Letʼs talk!

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ ُ sohbat bokonam? Shall I speak?

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ؟‬ ُ sohbat bokonan Let them speak

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻦ‬ ُ bokhoreem? Shall we eat?

dāram bā māmānam sohbat meekonam I am speaking with my mother

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ُ ‫دارَم ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬ sohbat bokon! Speak! (informal)

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻦ‬ ُ sohbat bokoneen! Speak! (formal)

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ ُ

‫ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻢ؟‬ har rooz nāhār meekohram I eat lunch every day

‫ﻫﺮ روز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ َ roozi sé bār bā māmānam sohbat meekonam I talk to my mom three times a day

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ِ ‫روزی‬ ُ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬

END OF LESSON 30

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Matt: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

Leyla: khob, khayli khoob-é. deegé ché kār kardee? ،

Lesson 31: A Dialogue between Matt and Leyla Leyla: matt, alān sé māh-é ké tō rō nadeedam.

‫ﺪم‬ ِ َ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫِﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮ رو ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬

‫ اَﻻن‬، ‫ﻣَﺖ‬

Matt: āré, khayli mashghool boodam! ‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل‬

‫ﺑﻮدَم‬

Leyla: jedi? dar een sé mah, ché kār kardee? ‫اﯾﻦ‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬ ِ ِ ، ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎه‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ ، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪی ؟ دَر‬ ِ

Matt: khob, aval, barāyé dāneshgah tagāzā kardam. ‫ﺧﻮب‬

‫ﺮای داﻧِﺸﮕﺎه ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺑ‬،‫ اَوَل‬، Leyla: barāyé ché reshteyee? ‫ای؟‬

Matt: ghabool shodam. ‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

‫ﭼﻪ رِﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﺮای‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ ‫ ﻣُﺒﺎرک‬، ‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬

Matt: bā lādan ra am espāniyā. oonjā khayli fāmeel dāré.

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻞ دارِه‬ ِ ‫ اوﻧﺠﺎ‬. ‫ اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻻدَن رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬ Leyla: wow, khosh bé hālet! kojāyé espāniyā? ‫ ﺧﻮش‬، ‫اوه‬ ‫ ﮐ ُﺠﺎی اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ؟‬، ‫ﺑِﻪ ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

Matt: aval ra eem bārcelonā, va baʼad ra eem mādrid. ‫اَوَل‬

‫ و ﺑ َ ﺪ رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﺎدرﯾﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺎرﺳﻠﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬ ِ Leyla: khosh gozasht? ‫ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ؟‬

Matt: khayli khosh gozasht! tō chetor? ra ee dāllās?

ُ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟ رَﻓﺘ داﻻس؟‬ ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﺧﻮش ﮔﺬَﺷﺖ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

Leyla: āré, man ra am dāllās, va khānevādam o deedam. bā ham kolee kayf kardeem. ‫و‬

 ‫ داﻻس‬ ‫ ﻣَﻦ رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬، ‫آرِه‬

Leyla: Matt, now, itʼs been three months since Iʼve seen

‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬

Leyla: jedi? cheghadr ālee! mobarak bāshé! ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ ِ ِ ‫ دﯾﮕِﻪ‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﺑِﺎ‬. ‫ﺪم‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادَﻣﻮ دﯾ‬

‫ﺮای ﭘِﺰِﺷﮑ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ Leyla: ghabool shodee? ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷُ ﺪی؟‬ Matt: barāyé pezeshgee!

‫ﺧﻮب‬

،‫ﺟﺪی‬ ِ

you. Matt: Yes, Iʼve been very busy! Leyla: Really? In these three months, what have you been

up to?

Iʼve been busy

Matt: Well, first, I applied for university.

‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮدَم‬

Leyla: For what subject?

alʼān

Matt: For medical school.

(right) now

Leyla: Were you accepted?

‫اﻻن‬

Matt: I was accepted. Leyla: Really? How wonderful! Congratulations!

nadeedam

Matt: Thank you very much.

I havenʼt seen

Leyla: Well, thaʼts great. What else did you do?

I didnʼt see

Matt: I went to Spain with Ladan. She has a lot of family

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬

there. Leyla: Wow, lucky you! Where in Spain? Matt: First, we went to Barcelona, and then we went to Madrid.

TO NOT SEE: nadeedan ----> nadeed

Leyla: Did you have a good time?

to not see ----> past stem of to not see

Matt: We had a very good time! What about you? Did you

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫ ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬    ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪ‬

go to Dallas? Leyla: Yes, I went to Dallas, and I saw my family. We had a

(man)

very good time together.

I was busy

nadeedam singular

mashghool boodam

I havenʼt seen

(tō) nadeedee You havenʼt seen (oo) nadeed

He/she hasnʼt seen

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪی‬ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪ‬

We havenʼt

nadeedeem

seen

(shomā)

You (all) havenʼt  

nadeedeen

He/she

kard

applied

(mā) taghāzā

We applied

seen

‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻦ‬

kardeem

(oonā)

They havenʼt

(shomā)

nadeedan

seen

  ‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬

You (all)

taghāzā kardeenapplied

kardan

to apply ----> past stem of to apply

        ‫ ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬    َ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬

singular

kardam

  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

(tō) taghāzā

You applied

kardee

(informal)

  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

taghāzā kardan ----> taghāzā kard

I applied

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(oonā) taghāzā They applied

TO APPLY:

(man) taghāzā

 ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬

plural

plural

  

(mā)

(oo) taghāzā

barāyé for

‫ﺮای‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ barāyé man for me

‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ barāyé tō for you (informal)

‫ﺮای ﺗﻮ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ barāyé ché reshteyee? For what degree?

TO BECOME ACCEPTED: ghabool shodan ----> ghabool shod to become accepted ----> past stem of to become accepted

        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷ‬    ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷُ ﺪ‬

‫ﭼﻪ رِﺷﺘِﻪ ای‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﺮای‬

(man) ghabool I was accepted

barāyé pezeshkee

shodam

for medicine (med school)

ghabool shodam I was accepted

singular

‫ﺮای ﭘِﺰِﺷﮑ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷ‬ jedi

 ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

(tō) ghabool

You were

shodee

accepted (informal)

(oo) ghabool

He/she was

shod

accepted

  ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬   ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

really

‫ﺟﺪّی‬ ِ

(mā) ghabool We were

man mashghool boodam

shodeem

accepted

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺸﻐُﻮل ﺑﻮدَم‬

(shomā)

You (all)

taghāzā kardam

ghabool

accepted

I applied

‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

plural

Iʼve been busy

shodeen

 ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬   ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

(oonā)

They accepted

ghabool

 ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

shodan

baʼad, baʼadesh a er, a erwards

‫ ﺑ َ ﺪِش‬، ‫ﺑ َ ﺪ‬

mobārak bāshé!

khayli khosh gozasht

Congratulations!

I had a very good time (a great time was had)

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬ ِ

deegé other, else

‫دﯾﮕِﻪ‬ deegé chee? What else?

‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬ ِ kolee kayf kardeem we had lots of fun

‫ﮐ ُﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ cheghadr khoob how great

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﺧﻮب‬ ِ

deegé chee kār kardee? What else did you do? (informal)

‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬

END OF LESSON 31

khosh bé hālet! Lucky for you! (informal)

‫ﺧﻮش ﺑِﻪ ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ā

long a

like in not

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Leyla: zood meeyām! fardā chetoré?

‫ ﻓﺮدا‬، ‫زود ﻣﯿﺎم‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬ ِ

Khālé farnaz: fardā khoobé! meeyāy barāyé nāhār? ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬

Lesson 32: A Dialogue between Leyla and Aunt Farnaz Leyla: alō, khālé farnaz? ‫؟‬ Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

‫ﺳﻼم ﻟِﯿﻼﺟﺎن‬ َ ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

Khālé farnaz: khoobee azizam? ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬

Leyla: balé, khayli mamnoon. shomā khoob hasteen? ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﺧﻮب ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ِ

Khālé farnaz: khoobam! shaneedam meeyāy dāllās! !‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ Leyla: balé, dorosté! emshab meeresam.

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬

 ‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ‬، ‫دُرُﺳﺘﻪ‬

Khālé farnaz: āliyé! pass kay meeyāy khoonéyé mā? ،

‫ﭘَﺲ ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺎی ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎ؟‬

‫ زَﺣﻤَﺖ‬. ‫ ﻧ َﻪ‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ‬ Khālé farnaz: zahmatee neest! pizza meegeereem! ‫زَﺣﻤَﺘ‬ ‫ ﭘﯿﺘﺰا ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬،‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻮب‬

Khālé farnaz: doost dāree bereem cinemā? ‫داری‬

‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬

Leyla: balé, doost dāram! ché feelmee?

‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺪم ﻣﯿﺎی داﻻس‬ َ ‫ﺷَ ﻨﯿ‬

Leyla: na, na, zahmat nakesheed. ‫ﻧ َﮑِﺸﯿﺪ‬

Leyla: khob, bāshé! ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

‫ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ ﻓَﺮﻧﺎز‬، ‫اَﻟﻮ‬

Khālé farnaz: balé, salām leylā jān!

‫ﺮای ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬ ِ َ ‫ ﻣﯿﺎی ﺑ‬. ‫ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬ ِ ،

‫ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

Khālé farnaz: feelmé ʻbeenavāyān. bé eengeleesee meeshé ʻLes Miserablesʼ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ؛‬ ِ

‫ ﺑِﻪ اِﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺴ‬. ‫ﻢ ﺑﯿﻨَﻮاﯾﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﻓﯿﻠ‬

Leyla: (laughs) fekr meekonam ʻLes Miserablesʼ

َ‫ﻓ‬ farāncaveeyé! ‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻮﯾِﻪ‬ َ

 ‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

Khālé farnaz: āré, rāst meegee. khob, sāʼaté chand meeyāy?

‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫دوﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﯽ؟‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫ راﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﮕ‬، ‫آرِه‬

Leyla: sāaté davāzdah khoobé? ‫؟‬

‫ﺖ دَوازدَه ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

Khālé farnaz: khayli khoobé. baʼad az nāhār meereem

Leyla: Well, ok!

‫ ﺑ َ ﺪ اَز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ ِ . Leyla: pirouz ham meeyād? ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺎد‬ َ ‫ﭘﯿﺮوز‬

Aunt Farnaz: Would you like to go to the cinema?

cinemā.

Khālé farnaz: nemeedonam. Leyla: khob, pass tā fardā.

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻮب ﭘَﺲ ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا‬

Khālé farnaz: tā fardā azizam. khodāhāfez.

‫ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬ Leyla: khodāhāfez khālé farnaz! ‫ﻓَﺮﻧﺎز‬

. ‫ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬

Leyla: I would like to! What movie? Aunt Farnaz: The movie ʻbeenavayānʼ. In English, itʼs “Les Miserables.” Leyla: I think ʻLes Miserablesʼ is French! Aunt Farnaz: Yes, youʼre right. Well, what time will you come?

‫ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬

Leyla: Is twelve good? Aunt Farnaz: Itʼs great. A er lunch, weʼll go to the cinema. Leyla: Will Pirouz come also? Aunt Farnaz: I donʼt know. Weʼll see.

Leyla: Hello, Aunt Farnaz? Aunt Farnaz: Yes, hello dear Leyla! Leyla: Hello! Aunt Farnaz: Are you well, dear? Leyla: Yes, thanks so much. Are you well? Aunt Farnaz: Iʼm well! I heard youʼre coming to Dallas! Leyla: Yes, itʼs true! I arrive tonight. Aunt Farnaz: Great! So when will you come to our house? Leyla: Iʼll come soon! Howʼs tomorrow? Aunt Farnaz: Tomorrow is great! Will you come for lunch? Leyla: No no, donʼt go through trouble. Aunt Farnaz: Itʼs no trouble. Weʼll get pizza!

Leyla: Ok, until tomorrow. Aunt Farnaz: Until tomorrow. Goodbye. Leyla: Goodbye Aunt Farnaz! alō? hello? (greeting on phone)

‫اَﻟﻮ‬ shaneedam Iʼve heard

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﺷَ ﻨﯿ‬

dorosté

(oo) meeyād

He/she comes

thatʼs right

‫ﻣﯿﺎد‬

‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ‬ meeresam Iʼll arrive

(mā) meeyāym We come plural

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬ zood soon

(shomā) meeyāyn

You come (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) meeyān They come

‫زود‬

TO COME:

meeresam Iʼll arrive

Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬

Present Stem: ā

zood

singular

soon (man) meeyām I come

‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬

(tõ) meeyāy

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

You come (informal)

‫زود‬

TO GET:

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬

Infinitive: gere an ‫ﮔِﺮِﻓﺘَﻦ‬

zahmat nakesheen donʼt go through the trouble

Present Stem: geer

‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺸﯿﻦ‬ (man)

I get

meegeeram

 ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَم‬ 

Itʼs no trouble

‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

(tõ) meegeeree You get singular

zahmatee neest

(informal) (oo) meegeeré He/she gets

‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮی‬

Cultural note: This is a perfect example of the concept of tārof, the ritual of etiquette in Iranian culture. In this case, even if

 ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮه‬

you are keen to take someone up on the offer of dinner, you politely decline. Then, they either offer again or give another suggestion. khob bāshé well, ok

(mā)

We get

plural

meegeereem (shomā)

You (all) get

meegeereen

(formal)

(oonā)

They get

meegeeran

 

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ ،‫ﺧﻮب‬

‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬

bereem

‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬

 ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَن‬

letʼs go

ché feelmee? which film?

‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬ ِ

(oo) meeré

He/she goes

 ‫ﻣﯿﺮِه‬

(mā)

We go

  ‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You (all) go

meereen

(formal)

 ‫)ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻦ)ﻣﯿﺮﯾﺪ‬

(oonā)

They go

fekr meekonam I think

‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨِﻢ‬ rāst meegee youʼre right/ you speak the truth

‫راﺳﺖ ﻣ ﮔ‬

plural

meereem

meeran

baʼad a er

 ‫ﻣﯿﺮَن‬

hālā

‫ﺑَ ﺪ‬

now

‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬

TO GO:

bebeeneem letʼs see

‫ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

Infinitive: meereem Present Stem: r (man)

I go

singular

meeram (tõ) meeree You go (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮی‬

END OF LESSON 32

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

māmān: ay vāy, bad joor bood? ‫ﺑﻮد؟‬

‫ ﺑَﺪ ﺟﻮر‬، ‫اِی وای‬

leyla: na, bé estelāh ʻfender benderʼ bood.

‫ﻓِﻨﺪِر ﺑِﻨﺪِر ﺑﻮد‬

*boogh, boogh**

‫ﺒﻮﺳﻤِﺖ‬ َ ِ ‫ ﺑﯿﺎ ﺑ‬، ‫ﺟﺎن‬

māmān: khodā rā shokr.

‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

، ‫ﻣﺎچ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن ﺟﻮن‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬ ِ ‫راه‬

leyla: khayli tool kesheed. ‫ﮐِﺸﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻃﻮل‬ ِ

leyla: too rāh yek tasādof shodé bood. ‫ﺗ َﺼﺎدُف‬

‫ﺷﺎم ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐِﻪ ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ َ‫ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧﯿﺎﻣ‬

leyla: too knooné yā beeroon? ‫ﺑﯿﺮون؟‬

‫ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﯾﺎ‬

māmān: na azizam, khooné shām meekhoreem. māmān

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

māmān: rāh chetor bood? ‫ﺑﻮد؟‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

‫ﺧُﺪا را ﺷُ ﮑﺮ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ ؟‬ َ shām bokhoreem.  ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ

‫ ﺑﻮد‬ ‫واﺳﺖ )ﺑَﺮات( ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬ ‫دِﻟِﻤﻮن‬ َ leyla: man ham hameentor!

‫ﺧﻮب ﯾ َ ﻨ ﺟُﺰﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد‬

māmān: hanooz nayoomadan. emshab meeyān ké bā ham

māmān: khayli delam vāsat tang shodé bood!

‫ﺷُ ﺪِه ﺑﻮد‬

leyla: khob, yanee jozʼee bood.

leyla: māmān joon eenjā hastan? ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬

māmān: salām leylā jān! beeyā beboomasemet. ‫ﻟِﯿﻼ‬

māmān: chetor?

‫ﭼﻪ‬ ِ .

‫ ﺑﻮق‬، ‫ﺑﻮق‬

*māch, māch* ‫ﻣﺎچ‬

‫ ﯾ َ ﻨ‬، ‫ﻓِﻨﺪِر ﺑِﻨﺪِر‬

māmān: ʻfender benderʼ yanee chee?

Lesson 33: A Dialogue between Leyla and Her Mother

‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑِﻪ اﺻﻄﻼح‬

joon shām dorost kardan. ‫ﺷﺎم‬

‫ ﻣﺎﻣﺎن ﺟﻮن ﺷﺎم دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬.‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬ leyla: cheghadr āli.

‫ﺗﻮ راه ﯾِﮏ‬

‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﻋﺎﻟ‬ ِ

māmān: khob, beeyā too bā ham yek chāi bokhoreem.

‫ﻫﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﭼﺎی ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﺑﯿﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎ‬، ‫ﺧﻮب‬

leyla: bah bah, alān cheghadr chāi meechasbé! ،

‫ﭽﺴﺒِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿ‬ ِ ‫اَﻻن‬

‫ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ‬

Mother: Well, come in so we can have tea together. Leyla: Wow, tea would be wonderful right now! boos

*Honk, honk**

kiss

Mother: Hello Leyla dear! Come here so I can kiss you.

‫ﺑﻮس‬

*Kiss, kiss* Mother: I missed you so much!

beeyā beboosamet

Leyla: Me too!

come here so I can kiss you

Mother: How was the road?

‫ﺑﺒﻮﺳﻤِﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎ‬ َ

Leyla: It took a long time.

delam barāt tang shodé

Mother: How come?

Iʼve missed you

Leyla: There was an accident on the road.

‫دِﻟَﻢ ﺑَﺮات ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬

Mother: Oh no, was it bad? leyla: No, it was what they call a ʻfender benderʼ.

man ham hameentor

Mother: What is a ʻfneder benderʼ?

me too

Leyla: Well, it means it was minor.

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻃﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

Mother: Thank god. Leyla: Is grandmother here? Mother: She hasnʼt come yet. Sheʼll come tonight so we

examples:

can eat dinner together.

man bastani doost I like ice

Leyla: At home or out?

dāram

Mother: No dear, weʼll eat at home. Grandmother made dinner. Leyla: How wonderful.

cream

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻨ‬

‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

man ham

me too

hameentor

ay vāy

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

oh no

‫اِی وای‬

man feelm doost I like dāram

movies

man ham

me too

hameentor

estelāh

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ دوﺳﺖ‬

saying

‫دارَم‬

‫ﻄﻼح‬ ِ ‫اِﺻ‬ jozʼee

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

trivial/insignificant

‫ﺟُﺰﯾﯽ‬ khodā rā shokr thank God

‫ﺧُﺪا را ﺷُ ﮑﺮ‬

rāh way/the road

‫راه‬ tasādof accident

‫ﺗ َﺼﺎدُف‬ yaʼnee chee? What does it mean?

‫ﯾَ ﻨ ﭼ‬

Cultural note: Iranian use this type of religious language o en in speech. It doesnʼt mean that the person saying them is necessarily religious, and it is not offensive for a non-religious person to use this type of speech. It is simply the most common expression to use.

TO NOT HAVE COME: Stem: nayoomad

‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬

‫ﭽﺴﺒِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻣﯿ‬ (man)

I have not

nayoomadam

come

‫ﺪم‬ َ َ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣ‬  

Cultural note: This is just a saying to express that something would feel really good right now. For example, a hot

singular

chocolate would warrant this expression on a cold, wintery (tõ)

You have not

nayoomadee

come

‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪی‬

day. So too would a dip in some cold spring water on a hot Texas day. cheghadr meechasbé!

(oo) nayoomadéHe/she has not ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬ come

(mā)

We have not

plural

nayoomadeem come (shomā)

You (all) have

nayoomadeen not come (oonā)

They have not

nayoomadan

come

beeroon outside

‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬ meechasbé it sticks

END OF LESSON 33

‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

leyla: cherā, yekee do-tā dāreem, vali faghat kabāb dāran.

‫ وَﻟ ﻓَﻘَﻂ ﮐ َﺒﺎب دارَن‬، ‫ دو ﺗﺎ دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﭼﺮا ﯾِﮑ‬ ِ

Lesson 34: A Dialogue between Leyla and Her Dear Grandmother māmān joon: azizam, barāt khoreshé ghormé sabzi dorost kardam. ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬

‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﺑَﺮات ﺧﻮر‬، ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬

leylā: bah bah bah, meedoneen ké man khoreshé ghormé

māmān joon: khob, kabāb ham doost dāree!  ‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬

‫ﻫﻢ دوﺳﺖ داری‬ َ leyla: dorosté doost dāram, vali ghorme sabzeeyé shomā behtaré. ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬

‫ﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ وَﻟ ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬، ‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬

māmān joon: khob, befarmā bokhor, sard nashé.  ‫ﺧﻮب‬

‫َﺸﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﺮد ﻧ‬ َ ،‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑُﺨﻮر‬

leyla: bah bah bah, ajab khoreshee!

‫ﺧﻮرِﺷ‬

‫ﺠﺐ‬ َ َ‫ ﻋ‬، ‫ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ‬

sabzi khayli doost dāram.

māmān joon: nooshé jan. ‫ﺟﺎن‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺧﻮر‬

leyla: khayli khoshmazas! va ajab tadeegee!

‫دارَم‬

māmān joon: albaté ké meedoonam.  ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﮐِﻪ‬

leyla: khayli vaghté ké ghormé sabzi nakhordam barāyé

‫ﺧﻮب‬

‫ﻧﻮش‬ ِ

‫ﺠﺐ ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮕ‬ َ َ‫ و َ ﻋ‬، ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻤَﺰَس‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

māmān joon: khayli ham khoob nashodé. ‫ﺧﻮب‬

‫ﻧَﺸُ ﺪِه‬

‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ َ ِ

eenké dar austin restoorāné irāni nadāreem.

leyla: cherā māmān joon, vāghan āli shodé. ‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن‬

‫ﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ دَر‬ ِ َ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ وَﻗﺘِﻪ ﮐِﻪ ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺑ‬. ‫ﺳﺒﺰی ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬

māmān joon: azeezam, noosheedanee chee meekhoree?

‫ﺳﺘﻮران اﯾﺮاﻧ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬ ِ ِ ‫آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ر‬ َ māmān joon: aslan nadāreen? ‫اﺻﻼ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ؟‬

‫ﺟﻮن واﻗِﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻟ ﺷُ ﺪه‬

‫ﭼﺮا‬ ِ

‫ﺪﻧ ﭼ ﻣ ﺧﻮری؟‬ َ ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬، ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬

leyla: āb lotfan.  ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬

‫آب‬

māmān joon: befarmā. nooshé jān!

Leyla: Water please. Grandmother: Here you go. Bon appétit!

‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬ .‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬ ِ

FOR YOU: translation: Grandmother: Leyla dear, I made you ghormé sabzi. Leyla: Mmmm, you know that I really like ghormé sabzi! Grandmother: Of course I know. Leyla: I havenʼt had ghormé sabzi in so long because we donʼt have any Persian restaurants in Austin. Grandmother: You donʼt have any? Leyla: Yes, we have one or two, but they only have kabab. Grandmother: Well, you like kabob too. leyla: Thatʼs true, I do like it, but your ghormé sabzi is better! Grandmother: Well, please eat, donʼt let it get cold. Leyla: Mmm, what great stew! Grandmother: Bon apetit! Leyla: Itʼs so delicious! And what wonderful tadeeg! Grandmother: Itʼs not that good. Leyla: Of course grandmother, itʼs really great! Grandmother: My dear, what would you like to drink?

full

shortened

barayé man

barām

‫ﺑﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮام‬

barayé tō

barāt

‫ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﺑَﺮات‬

barayé oo

barāsh

‫ﺑﺮای او‬

‫ﺑَﺮاش‬

barayé mā

barāmoon for us

  ‫ﺑَﺮای ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬

for me

for you (informal)

for him/her

barayé shomā barātoon

faghat

for you (formal)

‫ﺑَﺮای ﺷﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن‬

barayé oonā

barāshoon for them

  ‫ﺑَﺮای آﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮاﺷﻮن‬

only

‫ﻓَﻘَﻂ‬ dorosté itʼs true

‫ﺳﺖ‬ ِ ُ‫دُر‬ nooshé jān bon appétit

albaté

‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬ ِ

of course

‫اَﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

END OF LESSON 34

albaté ké meedoonam of course I know

‫اَﻟﺒَﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬ cherā yes (in response to negative question)

‫ﭼﺮا‬ ِ yekee dō tā dāreem we have one or two

‫ﯾِﮑ دوﺗﺎ دارﯾﻢ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻫﻢ آﺷﭙَﺰ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ اَﺳﺖ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ leylā: āliy-é! ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: een khooné sheesh otāgh khāb dāré.

 ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﺷﯿﺶ اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب داره‬

Lesson 35: A Dialogue between Leyla and Her Uncle Ahmad leylā: salām dāyeejoon ahmad! ‫اَﺣﻤَﺪ‬

leylā: chand tā? ‫؟‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: sheesh tā! leylā: khayli zeeyādé. ِ ‫زﯾﺎد‬

‫ﺳﻼم داﯾﯽ ﺟﻮن‬ َ

dāyeejoon ahmad: salām leylā jān! bé zameen khosh āmadee. ‫آﻣَﺪی‬

leylā: khayli mamnoon az davatetoon! cheghadr eenjā

‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕِﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ ِ ! ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن اَز دَﻋﻮَﺗِﺘﻮن‬

‫ﺷﯿﺶ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, khob meedoonee, fāmeelemoon khayli bozorg-é.

‫رگ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺑُﺰ‬

‫ﺳﻼم ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن ! ﺑِﻪ زَﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮش‬ َ

ghashangé! ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ َ

leylā: dorost-é.

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻠِﻤﻮن‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺖ‬ ِ ُ‫دُر‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: bereem beeroon? ‫ﺑﯿﺮون ؟‬

‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬ leylā: bāshé, bereem... ajab zeeb-āst! ‫ﺠﺐ‬ ِ َ َ‫ ﻋ‬....‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: doost dāree khoonarō bebeenee?

‫زﯾﺒﺎﺳﺖ‬

‫دوﺳﺖ داری ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ رو ﺑﺒﯿﻨ ؟‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, ha ād o panj hectār zameen

leylā: hatman, bebeeneem. ‫ﺑِﺒﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

dāreem. derakht zeeyād dāreem. va dō tā daryāchéyé

، ‫ﺣﺘﻤَﺎ‬ َ

dāyeejoon ahmad: befarmā een taraf. khob, een sālon-é.

‫ﻦ‬ ِ ُ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻟ‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬ leylā: khayli bozorg-é! ‫رگ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺑُﺰ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, een ham ashpazkhoonast. ،

koochooloo ham dāreem!

‫ و‬، ‫ دِرَﺧﺖ زﯾﺎد دارﯾﻢ‬.‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد ُ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﻫِﮑﺘﺎر زَﻣﯿﻦ دارﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫دو ﺗﺎ‬ َ ‫درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ‬ ِ ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

leylā: deegé chee dāreen? ‫دارﯾﻦ؟‬

‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ‬

dāyeejoon ahmad: deegé tractor dāreem, bulldozer dāreem. albaté, tractoremoon kharābé. panchar shodé.

‫ اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﺗِﺮاﮐﺘﻮرِﻣﻮن‬، ‫ ﺑُﻠﺪُزُر دارﯾﻢ‬،‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﺗِﺮاﮐﺘﻮر دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﭽﺮ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬ َ ‫ ﭘَﻨ‬. ‫َﺮاب‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬ leylā: āhā. khob, hayvoonāt chetor? ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ِ ، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫آﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ

Leyla: Hello Uncle Ahmad! Uncle Ahmad: Hello Leyla dear! Welcome to ʻthe landʼ. Leyla: Thank you or the invitation. How beautiful it is here! Uncle Ahmad: Would you like to see the house? Leyla: Of course, letʼs see. Uncle Ahmad: Please come this way. Ok, this is the living room. Leyla: Itʼs so big!

dāyeejoon ahmad: eenjā hayvoonāté vahshee zeeyād

Uncle Ahmad: Yes, and this is the kitchen.

dāreem. bobcat dāreem, coyote dāreem, āhoo dāreem.

Leyla: Itʼs great!

hamé cheez dāreem.

Uncle Ahmad: This house has 6 bedrooms.

، ‫ ﺑﻮب ﮐﺎت دارﯾﻢ‬ .‫ﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وَﺣﺸ زﯾﺎد دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ِ ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ دارﯾﻢ‬ َ . ‫ آﻫﻮ دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﮐ ُﯿﻮت دارﯾﻢ‬ leylā: parandé chetor?

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ؟‬ ِ ‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬

Leyla: How many? Uncle Ahmad: 6! Leyla: Thatʼs so many. Uncle Ahmad: Yes, well, you know, our family is very big.

dāyeejoon ahmad: balé! hamé joor parandeyee ham

Leyla: Thatʼs true.

dāreem. een yekee ro bebeen, cheghadr ghashangé.

Uncle Ahmad: Shall we go outside?

ābeeyé, roshané. behesh meegan ʻEastern Bluebirdʼ.

Leyla: Sure, letʼs go. How beautiful it is!

‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ َ ِ ‫ ﺑِﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﯾِﮑ رو‬.‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﺟﻮر ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه ای ﻫﻢ دارﯾﻢ‬ ِ ‫ ﺑِﻬِﺶ ﻣﯿﮕَﻦ ؛ » اﯾﺴﺘِﺮن ﺑﻠﻮ ﺑِﺮد‬ . ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕ‬ ِ َ‫ روﺷ‬،‫آﺑﯽ‬.‫ﻪ‬ ِ »

Uncle Ahmad: Yes, we have seventy-five acres of land. We have a lot of trees. And we have two small ponds. Leyla: What else do you have? Uncle Ahmad: We have a tractor, we have a bulldozer. Although, our tractor is broken. It has a flat. Leyla: Well, what about animals?

Uncle Ahmad: Here, we have many wild animals. We have bobcast, we have coyotes, we have deer. We have

āshpazkhooné kitchen

‫آﺷﭙَﺰﺧﺎﻧِﻪ‬

everything. Leyla: What about birds? Uncle Ahmad: Yes! We have every kind of bird. Look at this one, how beautiful it is. Itʼs blue, itʼs bright. They call it ʻEastern Bluebirdʼ.

otāgh khāb bedroom

‫اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب‬ chand tā how many

hatman certainly

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ َ

ً ‫ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬ َ  

zeeyād

bebeenee

‫زﯾﺎد‬

see (directed to you informal)

‫ﺑِﺒﯿﻨ‬ befarmā een taraf please come this way

a lot

meedoonee you know

‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬

dorosté

sālon

‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ‬

living room

‫ﺳﺎﻟُﻦ‬

itʼs true

albaté of course

‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬

END OF LESSON 35

hayvoonaté vahshee wild animal

‫ﻧﺎت وَﺣﺸ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺣﯿﻮ‬ ِ vahshee wild

Pronunciation Guide:

‫وَﺣﺸ‬

a

short a

like in hat

parandé

ā

long a

like in not

‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

roshan

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bird

brightِ

‫روﺷَ ﻦ‬

khālé farnoosh: hamé khooban! salām ham meeresoonan!

‫ﻫﻢ ﻣ رِﺳﻮﻧ َﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ َ  !‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﺧﻮﺑَﻦ‬

leyla: salāmat bāshan! dar cancun khosh migzaré?

Lesson 36: A Dialogue between Leyla and Her Aunt Farnoosh leyla: alō?

‫اَﻟﻮ؟‬  khālé farnoosh: salām leylā jān!

‫ﺳﻼم ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن‬ َ leyla: salām khālé farnoosh! az kojā zang meezaneen?

‫ اَز ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زَﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﺰَﻧﯿﻦ؟‬،‫ﺳﻼم ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ ﻓَﺮﻧﻮش‬ َ khālé farnoosh: az cancun. tō chetori?

‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫اَز ﮐ َﻦ ﮐﻮن‬ leyla: khoobam, khayli mamnoon- shomā chetoreen? fariborz joon, sahar, khoob hastan?

،‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟ ﻓَﺮﯾﺒﺮز ﺟﻮن‬ ِ ،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ ِ ‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ ﺧﻮب‬،‫ﺤﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬  َ

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ! دَرﮐ َﻦ ﮐﻮن ﺧﻮش ﻣ ﮔﺬَرِه؟‬  َ khālé farnoosh: aré azizam, jāt khāyli khāliyé!

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ؟‬ ِ ‫ ﺟﺎت‬،‫آرِه ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬ 

leyla: jāyé shomā ham eenjā khayli khāliyé. albaté boodan dar cancun beeshtar kayf dāré.

‫ اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَن دَر ﮐ َﻦ‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎی ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﮐﻮن ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﮐِﯿﻒ دارِه‬

khālé farnoosh: āré khob. meedoonee ké delemoon barāt khayli tang shodé, vali vāghʼan mosāferat lāzem dāshteem.

،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬ ِ ‫ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ ﮐِﻪ دِﻟِﻤﻮن ﺑَﺮات‬.‫آرِه ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﻌﺎ ً ﻣُﺴﺎﻓِﺮَت ﻻزِم داﺷﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫وَﻟ واﻗ‬ leyla: balé, meedoonam. oonjā havā chetoré?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ َ ‫ اوﻧﺠﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬  ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬

khālé farnoosh: havā ālee boodé. faghat roozé aval bāroon meeyoomad

‫ ﻓَﻘَﻂ روز ِ اَوّل ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬.‫ﻫﻮا ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮدِه‬ َ leyla: ghazāyeh oonjā chetoré?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬ ِ ‫َﺬای اوﻧﺠﺎ‬

khālé farnoosh: khob, beh omeedé deedār, behtaré man

khālé farnoosh: āliyé- yé restoorāné mahalee ra eem

barāyé shenā bargardam!

deerooz ké ghazāsh ālee bood.

‫ﺷﻨﺎ ﺑَﺮﮔَﺮدَم‬ ِ ‫ﺮای‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﻣَﻦ ﺑ‬،‫ ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار‬،‫ﺧﻮب‬.

‫ﺤﻠ ّ ﮐِﻪ ﻏَﺬاش ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬ َ َ‫ﺳﺘﻮران ﻣ‬ ِ ِ ‫ دﯾﺮوز رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ر‬،‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬

leyla: khosh begzaré, shenā dar ogheeyānoos khayli kayf

leyla: va tā hālā ché kārhāyee kardeen?

dāré.

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬ ِ ‫و َ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ‬

khālé farnoosh: khayli! khob khodā hāfez azizam. bé hamé

khālé farnoosh: khob deerooz ra eem khareed, emrooz oomadeem labé sāhel va fardā ham tour gere eem shahrō begardeem.

‫ و‬،‫ﺣﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺐ ﺳﺎ‬ ِ َ ‫ اِﻣﺮوز اوﻣَﺪﯾﻢ ﻟ‬.‫ دﯾﺮوز رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﺧَﺮﯾﺪ‬،‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺗﻮرﮔِﺮِﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﺷَ ﻬﺮو ﺑِﮕَﺮدﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬. 

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ دارِه؟‬ ِ ،‫ﺧﻮش ﺑِﮕﺬَرِه‬ ِ ‫ﺷﻨﺎ دَراُﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮس‬ salām beresoon.

‫ﺳﻼم ﺑِﺮِﺳﻮن‬ َ ‫ ﺑِﻪ‬.‫ ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮب‬ ِ َ ‫ﻫﻤِﻪ‬ leyla: hatman! merci keh zang zadeen!

‫ﺣﺘﻤﺎً! ﻣِﺮﺳ ﮐِﻪ زَﻧﮓ زَدﯾﻦ‬ َ  

leyla: vakhti bargashteed, man ham meeyam dāllās va hamdigar rō meebeeneem.

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕَﺮو ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺎم داﻻس و‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ‬،‫وَﻗﺘ ﺑَﺮﮔَﺸﺘﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬. khālé farnoosh: āré! yā mā meeyāym āustin.

‫آرِه! ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ آﺳﺘﯿﻦ‬.

leyla: āhā, een ham fekré khoobeeyé!

‫ﻫﻢ ﻓِﮑﺮ ِ ﺧﻮﺑﯿِﻪ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬،‫!آﻫﺎ‬

Leyla: Hello? Aunt Farnoosh: Hello dear Leyla! Leyla: Hello Aunt Farnoosh! Where are you calling from? Aunt Farnoosh: From Cancun. How are you? Leyla: Well, thank you- how are you? Fariborz, Sahar, how are they? Aunt Farnoosh: Everyone is well! They say hello! Leyla: May they be healthy! Are you having fun in Cancun?

Aunt Farnoosh: Yes dear, you are missed!

everyone.

Leyla: You are very much missed too! Of course, being in

Leyla: Certainly! Thank you for calling!

Cancun is more fun. Aunt Farnoosh: Well, yes. You know that we miss you very much, but we really needed a vacation.

TO MAKE A CALL:

Leyla: Yes, I know. Howʼs the weather there?

Stem: zang zadan

Aunt Farnoosh: The weather has been great! Only on the first day, it rained.

‫ زَدَن‬ ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

Leyla: Howʼs the food there? Aunt Farnoosh: Really well! We went to a local restaurant that had excellent food.

(man) zang

Leyla: And until now, what all have you done?

meezanam

Aunt Farnoosh: Well, yesterday we went shopping, today we came to the beach, and tomorrow we got a tour to see

I make a call

‫ﻣ زَﻧ َﻢ‬ You make a call

meezanee

(informal)

(oo) zang

He/she makes a

meezané

call

Leyla: Have a good time! Swimming in the ocean is very

(mā) zang

We make a call

pleasurable!

meezaneem

Leyla: When you return, Iʼll also come to Dallas and weʼll see each other. Aunt Farnoosh: Yes! Or we will come to Austin. Leyla: Ah, yes, this is a great idea!

singular

(tō) zang

the town.

 ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

 ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

‫ﻣ زَﻧ‬

 ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

‫ﻣ زَﻧِﻪ‬

Aunt Farnoosh: Well, hope to see you again, itʼs better I get back to swimming!

Aunt Farnoosh: Very! Well, goodbye dear. Say hello to

 ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

‫ﻣ زَﻧﯿﻢ‬

plural

(shomā) zang You (all) make a meezaneen (oonā) zang

call (formal) They make a call

meezanan

‫زَﻧﮓ ﻣ‬

‫زَﻧﯿﻦ‬

‫زَﻧﮓ ﻣ‬

‫زَﻧ َﻦ‬

Idiom note: This is a common saying in Persian culture. If youʼre talking about an event which occured, itʼs polite to let the person youʼre talking to know that they were missed if they were not present. You can either use this expression, or say jātoon sabzé, which literally means ʻyour place is greenʼ, but figuratively means the same thing.

VACATION VOCABULARY:

FAMILY MEMBERS: khālé

aunt on mother's side

‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬

amé

aunt on father's side

‫ﻋَﻤّﻪ‬

dāyee

uncle on mother's side

‫داﯾﯽ‬

amoo

uncle on father's side

‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬

mosāferat vacation

‫ﻣُﺴﺎﻓِﺮَت‬ havā chetoré? howʼs the weather?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ َ ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ ghazāyé oonja chetoré? howʼs the food there?

jātoon khāliyé

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬ ِ ‫َﺬای اوﻧﺠﺎ‬

lit.- your place is empty

ché kārhāyee kardeen?

‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬

what things have you done?

‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬ ِ

mahalee local

ّ ‫ﺤﻠ‬ َ َ‫ﻣ‬

END OF LESSON 36

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

niloufar: chashm. alān bar meegardam. ‫ﺑَﺮ‬

‫ﻣ ﮔَﺮدَم‬

‫ اَﻻن‬. ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ َ

niloufar: befarmāyeen. een doogh, een ham āb bedooné

Lesson 37: A Dialogue in a Restaurant host: bé restoorané shandeez khosh āmadeen! ‫ﺳﺘﻮران‬ ِ ِ‫ر‬

‫ﺷﺎﻧﺪﯾﺰ ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪﯾﺪ‬

patrons: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ host: chand nafar hasteen? ‫؟‬ man: do nafar. ‫ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬

‫دو‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ

‫ﺑِﺴﯿﺎر ﻋﺎﻟ‬

‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ اَز ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﯽ‬. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻧﯿﻠﻮﻓَﺮ‬، ‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ دوغ ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

woman: man āb bedooné yakh meekhām. ‫ﺪون‬ ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﯾَﺦ ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

mard: man hanooz nemeedoonam. shomā chee tarjeeh meedeen? ‫ﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ؟‬

‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ‬. ‫ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

niloufar: fesenjoonemoon aaliyé. ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬

niloufar: beseeyar aali.

pazeerāyee meekonam. noosheedanee chee mayl dāreen?

man: man doogh meekhām.

‫ﻣﯿﻞ دارﯾﻦ؟‬

‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬ ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬

niloufar: salām. man niloufar hastam. emshab az shomā

 ‫ﺪﻧ ﭼ ﻣِﯿﻞ دارﯾﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬

‫ ﻏَﺬا ﭼ‬ .‫ﺪون ﯾَﺦ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬،‫ اﯾﻦ دوغ‬. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ِ ِ ‫آب ﺑ‬

‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬ ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬

mard: pass baramoon fesenjoon beeyareen. ‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬ َ

host: beseeyār āli. befarmāyeen een taraf. ،

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬

‫ﺑِﻪ‬

yakh. ghazā chee mayl dāreen?

‫آب‬ ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﭘَﺲ‬

‫ﺑِﺴﯿﺎر ﻋﺎﻟ‬

niloufar: een ham fesenjoon. cheezé deegaree barātoon biāram?

‫ ﭼﯿﺰ ِ دﯾﮕَﺮی ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن ﺑﯿﺎرَم ؟‬. ‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻓ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬

mard: na, khayli mamnoon, feylan hameen khoobé. ،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ َ ً ‫ ﻓِﻌﻼ‬  ، ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ِ niloufar: nooshé jan. ‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬ ِ

translate: Host: Welcome to Shandeez restaurant!

‫ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬

Patrons: Thank you very much. Host: How many are you?

nemeedoonam

Man: Two people.

I donʼt know

Host: Very well. Come this way.

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

Niloufar: Hello. I am Niloufar. Tonight Iʼll be serving you. What would you like to drink?

hanooz

Man: I want doogh.

still

Woman: I want water without ice.

‫ﻫﻨﻮز‬ َ

Niloufar: Ok. Iʼll be right back. Niloufar: Here you go. Hereʼs doogh and hereʼs water

tarjeeh

without ice. What would you like to eat?

prefer

Man: I still donʼt know. What do you prefer?

‫ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ‬

Niloufar: Our fesenjoon is great. Man: Then bring us fesenjoon.

shomā chee tarjeeh meedeen?

Niloufar: Very good.

what do you prefer?

Niloufar: And hereʼs fesenjoon. Can I bring you anything

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ؟‬

else? Man: No thank you. This is good for now. Niloufar: Bon apetit.

nafar person

singular

KEY VOCABULARY:

barām

for me

 ‫ﺑَﺮام‬

barāt

for you (informal)

 ‫ﺑَﺮات‬

barāsh

for him/her/it

‫ﺑَﺮاش‬

plural

Pronunciation Guide: barāmoon for us

‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬

a

short a

like in hat

barātoon

 ‫ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن‬

ā

long a

like in not

 ‫ﺑَﺮاﺷﻮن‬

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

for you (formal)

barāshoon for them

END OF LESSON 37

‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬، ‫ ﻣ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬. ‫ اﯾﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ دِوﯾﺴﺖ دُﻻرِه‬. ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ زﯾﺒﺎﺳﺖ‬ ِ

khareedār: balé. vali een ham talāyé 22 hast?

Lesson 38: Dialogue in a Store While Buying Jewelry khareedār: mazerat meekhām. een dast band chandé?

‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

forooshandé: een dastband see sad dolāré. ‫دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬

‫اﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ؟‬ َ ۲۲ ‫ﻼی‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻃ‬ forooshandé: albaté. ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬

khareedār: āhā, balé, een gardanband khayli ghashangé.

‫ﻨﮓ‬ ِ َ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻗَﺸ‬ ِ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ‬، ‫ ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬، ‫آﻫﺎ‬

forooshandé: barāyé khodetoon meekhāyn? ‫ﺧﻮدِﺗﻮن‬

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ؟‬

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ َ .‫ ﺑَﺮای دُﺧﺘَﺮَم‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

āleeyé.

‫دُﻻر ؟ ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ زﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﺎد‬

‫ﻫﻢ دِوﯾﺴﺖ دُﻻر ﻧ َﻘﺪ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬

forooshandé: khob, talāyé 22-é. alān ghaymaté talā khayli bālāst. ‫ﻃَﻼ‬

‫ﺖ‬ ِ َ‫ اَﻻن ﻗِﯿﻤ‬. ‫ﻼی ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دوِه‬ ِ َ ‫ ﻃ‬، ‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ِ khareedār: dorosté, vali barāye man khayli gerooné. cheezé deegeyee nadāreen? ‫ﮔِﺮوﻧِﻪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﺰ ِ دﯾﮕِﻪ ﯾﯽ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ؟‬.

‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ِ ُ‫دُر‬ ِ ‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬ ِ َ ‫ وَﻟ ﺑ‬، ‫ﺳﺖ‬

forooshandé: balé. een gardanband deveest dolāré. meebeeneen, een ham khayli zeebāst.

‫ﺮای‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬

khareedār: na, barāyé dokhtaram. hameen gardanband

َ ِ ‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪدُﻻر‬

khareedār: see sad dolār? benazar zeeyād meeyād. ‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪ‬ َ

‫ وَﻟ‬. ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

befarmāyeed, een ham deveest dolār naghd.  ، forooshandé: albaté ghābelé shomā rō nadaré.

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ رو ﻧ َﺪارِه‬

khareedār: khāhesh meekonam. befarmāyeed.

‫ ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬. ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ِ ِ ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﻗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫِﺶ‬

buyer: Excuse me. How much is this bracelet?

‫ﺧَﺮﯾﺪار‬

seller: This bracelet is three hundred dollars. buyer: Three hundred dollars? It seems too much. seller: Well, itʼs 22 carat gold. Right now the price of gold is

KEY VOCABULARY: mazerat meekhām

high. buyer: Thatʼs true, but for me thatʼs very expensive. Do you have anything else? seller: Yes. This necklace is two hundred dollars. You see, this is also very beautiful. buyer: Yes. But is this also 22 carat gold? seller: Of course. buyer: Ah, yes, this necklace is very beautiful. seller: Do you want it for yourself? buyer: No, for my daughter. This necklace is great. Here you go, here is two hundred dollars cash. seller: Of course, it is not worthy of your money. buyer: Please, go ahead.

excuse me

‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ chandé? How much is it?

ِ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ dast band bracelet

‫دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬ een dast band chandé? How much is this bracelet?

forooshandé seller

‫ﻓُﺮوﺷَ ﻨﺪِه‬ khareedār buyer

‫ﭼﻨﺪِ؟‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬ benazar zeeyād meeyād it seems like too much

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ زﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﺎد‬

ghazāyé oonja chetoré? howʼs the food there?

SELF: ‫ﺧﻮدَم‬

khodam

myself

benazaram

khodet

yourself (informal) ‫ﺧﻮدِت‬

khodesh

himself/herself

in my opinion

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮَم‬

singular

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬ ِ ‫َﺬای اُﻧﺠﺎ‬

‫ﺧﻮدِش‬

talā gold

‫ﻃَﻼ‬ now

‫اَﻻن‬ ghaymat

plural

alān

khodemoon ourselves

‫ﺧﻮدِﻣﻮن‬

khodetoon yourself (formal)/

‫ﺧﻮدِﺗﻮن‬

yourselves khodeshoonthemselves

‫ﺧﻮدِﺷﻮن‬

price

‫ﻗِﯿﻤَﺖ‬

END OF LESSON 38

alān ghaymaté talā khayli bālā-st right now the price of gold is very high

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ِ َ‫اَﻻن ﻗِﯿﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻃَﻼ‬

Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ā

long a

like in not

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺳﺘﻮران ﭼﯿﻨ ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪِه‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻧ َﺰدﯾﮏ ﯾِﮏ ر‬.

zan: man ghazāyé cheenee doost nadaram. ghazāyé itāleeyāyee beeshtar doost dāram.  

Lesson 39: A Dialogue About What We Should Do Tonight zan: benazaré tō emshab chekār bokoneem?

‫ﭼﮑﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ؟‬ ِ ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ‬

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﺗﻮ‬

mard: nemeedoonam - tō chee fekr meekonee?

‫ﺗﻮ ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨ ؟‬

zan: doost dāree bereem cinemā? ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬

‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ؟‬

mard: ché feelmee? ‫؟‬

‫َﺬای اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ ِ ‫ ﻏ‬. ‫ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬. mard: meetooneem too khooné shām dorost koneem.

‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ﺷﺎم دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬،  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬.

zan: āhā, een ham fekré khoobeeyé- chee dorost koneem?

 ‫ ﭼ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ؟‬   . ‫ﻫﻢ ﻓِﮑﺮ ِ ﺧﻮﺑﯿِﻪ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬، ‫آﻫﺎ‬ mard: too yakhchāl chee dāreem?

‫ﺗﻮ ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل ﭼ دارﯾﻢ ؟‬

zan: gojé farangee dāreem, gooshté charkh kardé dāreem,

، ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

‫ﭼﺮخ‬ َ ‫ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬، ‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓَﺮَﻧﮕ دارﯾﻢ‬ ِ ‫ و َ ﭘﯿﺎز دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﮐ َﺮده دارﯾﻢ‬. va peeyāz dāreem.

mard: espāghetti chetor?

‫دوﺳﺖ داری‬

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ؟‬ ‫اِﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ‬ ِ

zan: bāshé, espāghetti! meetooneem yek feelmé italiyayee ham kerāyé-koneem va hameen jā , too khooné negāh

‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬ ِ

koneem!

zan: sabr kon bebeenam. hmm, benazar meeyād too cinemā-hā filmé jālebee neest.

‫َﺬای ﭼﯿﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻏ‬

 ، ‫ ﻫﻤﻢ‬. ‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻦ ﺑِﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬ َ

‫ﻢ ﺟﺎﻟِﺒﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ﻣﯿﺎد ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻓﯿﻠ‬.

‫ﻢ اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ِ ِ ‫ اﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ ! ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﻓﯿﻠ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬

‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧِﮕﺎه ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬، ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺟﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﮐِﺮاﯾِﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و‬ َ mard: ālee-yé! ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬

mard: bejāsh meetooneem yek jā shām bokhoreem.

ِ ‫ﺑِﺠﺎش ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﺟﺎ ﺷﺎم ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬. zan: masalan kojā?  ‫ﻣَﺜ َﻼ ً ﮐ ُﺠﺎ؟‬ mard: een nazdik yek restoorané cheenee bāz shodé.

Woman: In your opinion, what should we do tonight? Man: I donʼt know- what do you think?

 ‫اﯾﻦ‬

Woman: Would you like to go to the cinema?

Man: What movie?

benazaré

Woman: Let me see- hmm, it seems thereʼs not an

oon

in his/her opinion

ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬ ‫ اون‬ 

in our opinion

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﻣﺎ‬

benazaré

in your opinion

shomā

(formal)

ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

Woman: We have a tomato, we have ground beef, and we

benazaré

in their opinion

have onions.

oonā

interesting film in the cinema. Man: Instead, we can go eat dinner somewhere. Woman: Like where?

benazaré

Man: Thereʼs a Chinese restaurant near by.

mā

Woman: I donʼt like Chinese food. I like Italian food more. Woman: Aha, that is a good idea. What should we make? Man: What do we have in the refrigerator?

plural

Man: We can also make dinner at home.

Man: How about spaghetti?

ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬ ‫ اوﻧﺎ‬ 

Woman: Ok, spaghetti! We can also rent an Italian film, and watch it right here, at home!

IN THE OPINION OF: benazaré

in my opinion

singular

man

ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

benazaré tō in your opinion (informal)

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﺗﻮ‬

singular

TO NOT KNOW:

Man: Great!

nemeedoonam I donʼt know

 ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

nemeedoonee you donʼt

  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ‬

know (informal) nemeedooné

he/she doesnʼt know

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬

nemeedooneemwe donʼt

plural

know nemeedooneen you donʼt know (formal) nemeedoonan they donʼt know

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ‬  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ َ benazar meeyād it seems that

‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ﻣﯿﺎد‬ jāleb interesting

chee fekr meekonee? What do you think?

‫ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ doost dāree bereem cinemā? Would you like for us to go to the movies?

‫دوﺳﺖ داری ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ ché feelmee? What movie?

‫ﺟﺎﻟِﺐ‬ bejāsh instead of

‫ﺑِﺠﺎش‬ yek jā somewhere

‫ﯾِﮏ ﺟﺎ‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ ؟‬ ِ

hameen jā

sabr kon

‫ﻫﻤِﯿﻦ ﺟﺎ‬ َ

wait (informal)

‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻦ‬ َ sabr koneen wait (formal)

right here

masalan for instance

ً ‫ﻣَﺜ ََﻼ‬

nazdeek

gojé farangee

close

tomato

‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓَﺮَﻧﮕ‬ ِ

‫ﻧ َﺰدﯾﮏ‬

gooshté charkh kardé

WE CAN:

ground beef

singular

meetoonam I can

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

meetoonee you can (informal)  meetooné

he/she can

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

‫ﭼﺮخ ﮐ َﺮدِه‬ ِ َ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬ peeyāz onion

‫ﭘﯿﺎز‬ espāgetti spaghetti

plural

meetooneemwe can

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬

meetooneen you can (formal)

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬

meetoonan they can

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬

yakh chāl refrigerator

‫ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل‬

‫اِﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ‬ kerāyé rent

‫ﮐِﺮاﯾِﻪ‬

END OF LESSON 39

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

matt: aré, khayli! ‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬،‫آره‬ ِ leyla: deegé ché khabar? ‫دﯾﮕِﮫ ِﭼﮫ َﺧ َﺑر؟‬ matt: khob, hālā man dar dāllas zendegee meekonam,

Lesson 40: A Review Dialogue with Leyla, Matt and Ladan

barāyé eenké dāneshgāh dar dāllās-é. ‫ ﺣﺎﻻ َﻣن دَ ر داﻻس‬،‫ﺧوب‬ ‫ ﺑرای اﯾﻧﮑِﮫ داﻧِﺷﮕﺎه دَ ر داﻻﺳِ ﮫ‬.‫ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬ leyla: va yek khabaré khayli bozorgtar ham dāreen. ‫و َﯾﮏ َﺧ َﺑر‬ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ُﺑ ُزرﮔ َﺗر َھم دارﯾن‬ ladan: dorosté. khabar een-é ké man hāmelé hastam, va dar decembre bacheyé avalemoon bé donyā meeyād. .‫ُدرُﺳﺗِﮫ‬

leyla: ché khoob emrooz lādan ham bā māst. khosh

‫ و دَ ر دِﺳﺎﻣﺑر َﺑ ِﭼﮫ اَ َوﻟﻣون ِﺑﮫ ُدﻧﯾﺎ ﻣﯾﺎد‬،‫َﺧ َﺑر اﯾﻧِﮫ ﮐِﮫ َﻣن ﺣﺎ ِﻣﻠِﮫ َھﺳ َﺗم‬

āmadee lādan jān!

leyla: khayli khayli mobārak bāshé! dokhtaré yā

‫ ﺧوش آ َﻣدی‬.‫ اِﻣروز ﻻدَ ن َھم ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳت‬،‫ِﭼﮫ ﺧوب‬

‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن‬

pesar? ‫ُﺑﺎرک ﺑﺎﺷِ ﮫ! ُدﺧ َﺗر ﯾﺎ ِﭘ َﺳر؟‬ َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﻣ‬

ladan: khayli mamnoon! ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬

ladan: dokhtar! ‫ُدﺧ َﺗر‬

matt: man o lādan khoshhāleem ké meebeeneemet. ‫َﻣن و‬

leyla: bé salāmati. khayli mamnoon ké bā man emrooz bā

‫ﻻدَ ن ﺧوﺷﺣﺎﻟﯾم ﮐِﮫ ﻣﯾﺑﯾﻧﯾﻣِت‬

man sohbat kardeen, va az didanetoon khayli khoshhāl

leyla: man ham hameentor! khayli vaghté ké hamdeega-rō

shodam. ‫ و اَز‬،‫ِﺑﮫ َﺳﻼ َﻣﺗﯽ! ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون ﮐِﮫ ﺑﺎ َﻣن اِﻣروز ﺻُﺣ َﺑت َﮐردﯾن‬

nadeedeem! ‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َوﻗﺗِﮫ ﮐِﮫ َھﻣدﯾﮕَرو َﻧدﯾدﯾم‬.‫َﻣن َھم َھﻣﯾﻧطور‬

ُ ‫دﯾدَ ﻧﺗون ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺷدَ م‬

ladan: khayli vaghté! khob mā khayli mashghool

matt: mā ham khayli khoshhāl shodeem! ‫ﻣﺎ َھم ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﺣﺎل‬

boodeem. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﺷﻐول ﺑودﯾم‬،‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َوﻗﺗِﮫ! ﺧوب‬

ُ ‫ﺷدﯾم‬

leyla: khob, matt, aval begoo dāneshgāh chetoré? darshā khoob peesh meeran? ‫طوره؟ دَ رس ھﺎ‬ ِ ‫ اَ َول ِﺑﮕو داﻧِﺷﮕﺎه ِﭼ‬،‫ﺧوب َﻣت‬ ‫ﻣﯾرن؟‬ َ ‫ﺧوب ﭘﯾش‬ matt: khob, khayli khayli sakhté, vali khoob peesh meeré.

Leyla: How great that today Ladan is also with us.

‫ﻣﯾره‬ ِ ‫ َوﻟﯽ ﺧوب ﭘﯾش‬،‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﺳﺧﺗِﮫ‬،‫ﺧِوب‬

Welcome Ladan jan!

leyla: dars zeeyād daree? ‫دَ رس زﯾﺎد داری؟‬

Ladan: Thank you!

Matt: Ladan and I are really happy to see you. Leyla: Me too! Itʼs been a while since weʼve seen each other! Ladan: A long time! Well, weʼve been really busy. Leyla: So Matt, first tell us, howʼs school? Is it going well? Matt: Well, itʼs really really hard, but itʼs going well. Leyla: Do you have a lot of schoolwork? Matt: Yes, a lot! Leyla: So what else is going on?

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬ hamdeega-rō nadeedeem hamdeegé + rō nadeedeem havenʼt seen each other

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕِﻪ را ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫َھﻣدﯾﮕِرو َﻧدﯾدﯾم‬

Matt: Well, now I live in Dallas, because the university is in Dallas. Leyla: And you also have another very big news. Ladan: Thatʼs right. The news is that I am pregnant, and in December, our first child will be born. Leyla: Many many congratulations! Is it a boy or a girl?

hamdeegé each other

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕِﻪ‬ َ

Ladan: A girl! Leyla: Congratulations. Thank you so much for speaking

mashghool

with me today, and for telling me great news, and Iʼm so

busy

happy to see you. Matt: We are very happy too!

‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل‬ khayli vakhté a long time

bā mā-st is with us

‫ﺧﯿﻠ وَﻗﺘِﻪ‬ ِ

hamelé

END OF LESSON 40

pregnant

‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﻪ‬ mobārak bāshé congratulations

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

itʼs a pleasure

ā

long a

like in not

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺷ‬

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

dokhtaré yā pesar

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

khoshhāl shodam

girl or boy

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫دﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﯾﺎ ﭘ‬

man telephon zadam I made a call

َ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ زَدَم‬

Lesson 41: Telephoning and Other Structured Infinitives

bé mādaram telephon zadam I called my mother

 ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎدَرَم ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ زَدَم‬ bé maryam telephon kardee?

khasté nabāshee

did you telephone Maryam?

lit. donʼt be tired

 ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ ﺗِﻠِﻔﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَی‬

‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷ‬ salāmat bāshee may you be healthy

  ‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷ‬ َ Dialogue note: This is a common dialogue that happens between two people. One will say khasté nabāshee, basically meaning ʻI know youʼve been working hard, may you not be tiredʼ and the other responds by saying salāmat bāshee,

bé man telephon kard? did she telephone me?

  ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬ bé marthā telephon kard He/she telephoned Martha

 ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎرﺗﺎ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬

meaning ʻthank you, and may you remain healthy.ʼ Itʼs simply

TO TELEPHONE:

a common pleasantry that is sometimes used as a form of

bé _______ telephon kardan

greeting.

‫ﺑِﻪ ______ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِِ

bé

kardam

kardan

bé

I telephoned

telephon

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِِ bé

singular

‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

You telephoned

telephon

‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

kardee bé

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ ‫______ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

He/she

_______ telephoned

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِِ They telephoned

telephon

‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

rāzi boodan to be satisfied

‫راﺿ ﺑﻮدَن‬ az māshinam rāzi hastam az māshinam rāzi-am

telephon _______________

I am satisfied with my car

kard

 ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫از ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨَﻢ راﺿ‬ َ

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫از ﻣﺎﺷﯾ َﻧم راﺿ َﯾم‬

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِِ bé

We telephoned

telephon

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

kardeem

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ ِِ plural

bé

telephon kardeen

You telephoned

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

az madresé rāzi-am I am satisfied with my school

 ‫ﺳﻪ راﺿﯿَﻢ‬ ِ ِ ‫از ﻣَﺪر‬ az kār rāzi-am I am happy with work

 ‫از ﮐﺎر راﺿﯿَﻢ‬ az kāret rāzi hastee? Are you happy with your work?

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ ‫اَز ﮐﺎرِت راﺿ‬ َ az chāi rāzi-am? I am satisfied with tea

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ ‫اَز ﭼﺎی راﺿ‬ َ

TO BE SATISFIED WITH _____________________: Infinitive: rāzi boodan

‫راﺿ ﺑﻮدَن‬

Note: In the two above examples, we are asking about work

az _______ I am satisfied

satisfaction. In the first example, we used the phrase az kār

rāzi

rāzi-am. Here, the concept of ʻmy workʼ is implied. In other words az kār rāzi-am is the same as saying az kāram rāzi-am.

with ________

say az kāret rāzi-ee, but it would sound awkward when pronounced. For this reason, we choose to keep the longer version of rāzi hastee.

singular

Pronunciation note: It would be grammatically correct here to

‫______راﺿ‬

hastam

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

az _______ You are

‫از‬

In the second example, az kāret rāzi hastee, ʻyour workʼ is explicitly stated. Either way of saying it works.

‫از‬

rāzi hastee satisfied with

‫______راﺿ‬

________ az _______ He/she is rāzi hast

Another note: A common mistake made by English speakers is

satisfied with ________

that they want to translate directly from English, and say ʻI am

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ ‫از‬ ‫______راﺿ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

happy WITH my carʼ, whereas in Persian, you are using the preposition ʻfromʼ in this phrase. So az māshinam rāzi-am more literally means ʻI am satisfied from my carʼ, ʻI get satisfaction from my carʼ, rather than ʻI am happy with my car.ʼ

az _______ We are rāzi

satisfied with

hasteem

________

‫از‬ ‫______راﺿ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

rāzi

satisfied with

hasteen

________

az _______ They are rāzi hastan satisfied with ________

‫از‬ ‫______راﺿ‬

TO BE ANGRY WITH _____________________:

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

Infinitive: asabāni boodan

‫از‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫______راﺿ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

asabāni boodan to be angry

 ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬ َ

I am angry

asabāni

with ________ ______

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

az _______

You are angry

asabāni

with ________ ______

hastee

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

az man asabāni boodee?

az _______

Were you angry with me?

asabāni hast angry with

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدی؟‬ َ َ‫اَز ﻣَﻦ ﻋ‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

az _______ hastam

singular

plural

az _______ You are

He/she is ________

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬ ______ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

az sārā asabāni bood He/she was angry with Sarah

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮد‬ َ َ‫اَز ﺳﺎرا ﻋ‬

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

az _______

We are angry

asabāni

with ________ ______

hasteem

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

You are angry

asabāni

with ________ ______

hasteen

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ

az _______

They are

asabāni

angry with

hastan

________

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

TO BE WAITING FOR _____________________: Infinitive: montazer boodan

‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺑﻮدَن‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬

______

montazeré

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

_______ hastam

ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬ for ________ ______ I am waiting

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ

porsidan to ask

‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫ﭘُﺮﺳﯿ‬ az sārā porsidam I asked Sarah

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫اَز ﺳﺎرا ﭘُﺮﺳﯿ‬

singular

plural

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

az _______

montazeré

You are

_______

waiting for

hastee

________

montazeré

He/she is

ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬ ______ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

_______ hast waiting for

ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬ ______

________

az man porsidee

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

You asked me

‫اَز ﻣَﻦ ﭘُﺮﺳﯿﺪی‬ montazeré _______ hasteem

We are waiting ‫ﻈﺮ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ for ________

ِ

______ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬ َ

plural

montazeré

You are

_______

waiting for

hasteen

________

montazeré

They are

_______

waiting for

hastan

________

  ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺷﺎﻣَﻢ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬

ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬ ______ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬ ______ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬ َ

Leyla: alo? ‫اَﻟو‬ Matt: salām! matt hastam! ‫َﺳﻼم! َﻣت َھﺳ َﺗم‬ Leyla: salām matt, merci ké bé man telephon kardee. montazeret boodam! ‫ ﻣُﻧ َﺗظِ ِرت‬.‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ ﮐِﮫ ِﺑﮫ َﻣن ِﺗﻠِﻔُن َﮐردی‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬

montazeré nāhār-am

‫ﺑودَ م‬

I am waiting for lunch

Matt: montazeré man boodee? ‫ﻣُﻧ َﺗظِ ِر َﻣن ﺑودی؟‬

 ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﻧﺎﻫﺎرَم‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬

Leyla: āré! az kāré jadeed rāzee hastee? ‫ﮐﺎر َﺟدﯾد راﺿﯽ‬ ِ ‫ اَز‬،‫آره‬ ِ

montazeré shoharam-am

Matt: āré! az kāré jadeed khayli rāzi-am. ‫ﮐﺎر َﺟدﯾد راﺿ َﯾم‬ ِ ‫ اَز‬،‫آره‬ ِ

I am waiting for my husband

‫َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬

 ‫ﻫﺮَﻣَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺷﻮ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ montazeré chee hastee? What are you waiting for?

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﭼ‬ َ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ montazeré shām-am I am waiting for dinner

Leyla: Hello? Matt: Hi, this is Matt! Leyla: Hey Mat, thanks for telephoning me. I was waiting for you! Matt: You were waiting for me?

Leyla: Yes! Are you satisfied with the new job? Matt: Yes, I am satisfied with the new job.

END OF LESSON 41

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

emshab meetooneem shām bokhoreem tonight we can eat dinner

  ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﺷﺎم ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

Lesson 42: The Simple Subjunctive

emshab kār meekoneem tonight we will work

‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

emshab meereem cinemā

emshab meetooneem kār bokoneem

tonight weʼll go to the cinema

tonight we can work

or

‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﮐﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

tonight we are going to the cinema

‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ toonestan

TO BE ABLE TO: toonestan -------> toon

to be able

  ‫ﺗﻮﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬

to be able to ----> present stem of to be able to

emshab meetooneem bereem cinemā

‫ ﺗﻮن‬     ‫ﺗﻮﻧًﺴﺘَﻦ‬

tonight we can go to the cinema

  ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ tonight we eat dinner

‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

singular

emshab shām meekhoreem

(man) meetonamI can

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

(tō) meetoonee You can

 

(informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬

(oo) meetooné

He/she can

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

man meetoonam āvāz bekhoonam I can sign

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ (mā)

We can

plural

meetooneem

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬

(shomā)

You can

meetooneen

(formal)

(oonā)

 

They can

meetoonan

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬

man nemeetoonam āvāz bekhoonam I canʼt sing

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ tō meetoonee āvāz bekhoonee you can sing

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ‬

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬

mā meetooneem āvāz bekhooneem we can sing

āvāz khoondan to sign

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬

‫آواز ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن‬

ovordan

man āvāz meekhoonam

‫اُوُردَن‬

to bring

I sing or I am singing

 ‫آواز ﻣﯿﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

TO BRING: ovordan -------> ār to bring ----> present stem of to bring

‫ اُوُردَن‬     ‫ار‬

TO BE ABLE TO BRING:

 

ovordan -------> ār to bring ----> present stem of to bring I bring

‫ﻣﯿﺎرَم‬

(tõ) meeyāree You bring (informal) (oo) meeyāré He/she brings

(mā)

We bring

plural

meeyāreem You bring

meeyāreen

(formal)

meeyāran

(man)

  ِ ‫او ﻣﯿﺎر‬

They bring

I bring

beeyāram

  ‫ﺗﻮ ﻣﯿﺎری‬

(tõ) beeyāree You bring (informal)

‫ﻣﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬   ‫اوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎرَن‬

  ‫ﺗﻮ ﺑﯿﺎری‬

(oo) beeyāré

He/she bring

  ِ ‫او ﺑﯿﺎر‬

(mā)

We bring

  ‫ﻣﺎ‬

beeyāreem

  ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬

  ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬

  ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎرﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

(oonā)

‫ اُوُردَن‬     ‫ار‬

singular

singular

meeyāram

  ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

plural

(man)

‫ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You bring

beeyāreen

(formal)

  ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬

(oonā)

They bring

beeyāran

  ‫اوﻧﺎ‬

to put ----> present stem of to put

‫ﺑﯿﺎرَن‬

‫ ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬     ‫ذار‬ (man)

I put

meezāram

‫ﻣﯿﺬارَم‬

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎری ؟‬

singular

meetoonee chāi beeyāree? Can you bring tea?

meetoonee barāyé man chāi beeyāree? Can you bring me tea?

   ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

(tõ) meezāree You put (informal)

   ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺬاری‬

(oo) meezāré He/she puts

   ‫او ﻣﯿﺬارِه‬

(mā)

   ‫ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎری؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑ‬ meetoonam barāyé tō chāi beeyāram? Can I bring you tea?

meezāreem

to put

‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬

plural

 ‫ﺮای ﺗﻮ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑ‬ gozāshtan

We put

‫ﻣﯿﺬارﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You put

meezāreen

(formal)

(oonā)

They put

meezāran

TO PUT: gozāshtan -------> zār

TO BE ABLE TO PUT:

   ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺬارﯾﻦ‬    ‫اوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺬارَن‬

gozāshtan -------> zār

man meetoonam beram

to put ----> present stem of to put

‫ ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬     ‫ذار‬ (man)

I put

singular

bezāram (tõ) bezāree

‫ﺑِﺬارَم‬ You put (informal)

(oo) bezāré

(mā)

He/she puts

We put

plural

bezāreem (shomā)

You put

bezāreen

(formal)

(oonā)

They put

bezāran

   ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

   ‫ﺗﻮ ﺑِﺬاری‬    ‫او ﺑِﺬارِه‬

   ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻢ‬    ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

I can go

 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬

meetoonee bezāree you can put

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑِﺬاری‬ leevān-ō meetoonee bezāree too sink you can put the cup in the sink

 ‫ن ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑﺬاری ﺗﻮ دﺳﺖ ﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﯿﻮا‬ māsheen-ō meetoonam bezāram too gārāge I can put the car in the garage

 ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨﻮ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺬارَم ﺗﻮ ﮔﺎراژ‬ emshab meeram cinemā

‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ‬

Tonight I go to the cinema

   ‫اوﻧﺎ‬

‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﺬارَن‬

emshab meetoonam beram cinemā Tonight I can go to the cinema

  ‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬

emshab meetooneem kār bokoneem Tonight we can work

‫اِﻣﺸﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﮐﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ meetoonee barāyé man jāckat beeyāree Can you bring me a jacket

 ‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ ژاﮐ َﺖ ﺑﯿﺎری‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑ‬ meetoonee chāi rō bezāree roo meez You can put the tea on the table

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﭼﺎی رو ﺑِﺬاری رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬

END OF LESSON 42

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

(mā)

We want

Lesson 43: Talking about Wants and Possibilities

plural

meekhāheem (shomā)

‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ‬ You want

meekhāheed (formal) (oonā)

They want

meekhāhand

TO WANT, LITERARY:

  ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫أآﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬

khāstan

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬ I want

singular

meekhāham

‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬

(tõ)

You want

meekhāhee

(informal)

(oo)

He/she

meekhāhad

wants

‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬

TO WANT, COLLOQUIAL: khāstan

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻮاﻫ‬

(man)

I want

meekhām

  ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬

  ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮام‬

(tõ) meekhāi You want singular

(man)

(informal)

  ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮای‬

(mā)

(man)

We want

  ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ‬

(shomā)

You want

meekhāin

(formal)

(oonā)

They want

meekhān

(tõ) meekhāi You want to beree

go (informal)

to go

  ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬

(mā)

We want to

‫ﺧﻮان‬

meekhāim

go

‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬

has a literary ending rather than a colloquial one.

‫ﺗﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮای ﺑِﺮی‬

(oo) meekhād He/she wants ‫ﺧﻮاد‬ beré

of to want is different than other colloquial conjugations- it

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬

‫ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬ 

beram

  ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬

Note: The conjugation for the third person colloquial version

TO WANTS TO GO:

I want to go

meekhām

‫ﺧﻮاد‬

meekhāim

plural

‫ ﻣ‬ ‫او‬

singular

meekhād

He/she wants  

bereem

plural

(oo)

(shomā)

You want to

meekhāin

go (formal)

bereen

‫ﺑِﺮِه‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻦ‬

(oonā)

They want to

meekhān

go

beran

‫او ﻣ‬

  ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاَن ﺑ ِﺮَن‬

man meeram

man nemeekhām beram

I go

I donʼt want to go

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧِﻤﯿﺨﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬

man meetoonam beram

tō nemeekhāy beree

I can go

you donʼt want to go

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬

‫ﺗﻮ ﻧِﻤﯿﺨﻮای ﺑِﺮی‬

Note: Just as in the last lesson, when we introduce the verb ʻto wantʼ to the sentence, the first verb (to want) gets a present conjugation and the second verb (in this case, to go) receives a subjunctive one. So, in other words, the first verb gets a mee prefix and the second verb gets a bé prefix.

SPECIAL VERBS: bāyad

must/should

  ‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ‬

nabāyad

mustn't/shouldn't

 ‫ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾِﺪ‬

shāyad

maybe

 ‫ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ‬

momkené

it's possible

 ‫ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ‬

behtaré

it's better

‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬

man meekhām beram I want to go

‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬  shomā meekhāyn bereen You want to go

‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ ﺑِﺮﯾﻦ‬  man nemeetoonam beram I canʼt go

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬

Note: These ʻspecial verbsʼ can be used to enhance a sentence. Just as in the previous examples of ʻto wantʼ or ʻto be ableʼ, when they are introduced to a sentence, the second

verb takes on a bé prefix.

behtaré beram Iʼd better go

man bāyad beram I have to go

‫ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ِ‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮه‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬

āvāz khoondan to sing

tō bāyad beree You have to go

‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫آواز ﺧﻮﻧ‬

‫ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮی‬

man bāyad āvāz bekhoonam I have to sing

man nabāyad beram I shouldnʼt go/I donʼt have to go

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬

behtaré chāi nakhoram I better not drink tea

man shāyad beram I might go

‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﭼﺎی ﻧ َﺨﻮرَم‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬

bāyad chāi bokhoram I have to drink tea

momkené beram

‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﭼﺎی ﺑِﺨﻮرَم‬

I may go

‫ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻣُﻤﮑ‬ momkené naram

TO WANT TO COME:

I may not go

(man)

I want to

‫ ﻧ َﺮَم‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻣُﻤﮑ‬

meekhām

come

beeyām

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬

‫ﺧﻮام ﺑﯿﺎم‬

singular

(tõ) meekhāi You want to beeyāy

come (informal)

(oo) meekhād He/she wants beeyād

to come

‫ﺗﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮای ﺑﯿﺎی‬   ‫او ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاد ﺑﯿﺎد‬

(man) meekhām beeyām khooné I want to come home

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﯿﺎم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ (man) meekhām beram itāliā I want to go to Italy

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ (mā)

We want to

meekhāim

come

plural

beeyāym

‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬

(shomā)

You want to

meekhāin

come (formal) ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬

beeyāyn

‫ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬

(oonā)

They want to

meekhān

come

beeyān

  ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن‬

(oo) meekhād bā mān beeyād he/she wants to come with us

‫او ﻣ ﺧﻮاد ﺑﺎ ﻣَﻦ ﺑﯿﺎد‬ Note: The word order for these sentences is different than in the English counterparts. ʻWith usʼ is sandwiched between the two verbs. In English, it comes at the end of the sentence. (mā) meekhāym bā tō bereem we want to go with you

‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬ (man) meekhām bā tō cinemā beram I want to go to the movies with you

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬    (man) meetoonam bā tō cinemā beram I can go to the movies with you

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮ ِ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

(mān) bāyad bā tō cinemā beram

(man) behtaré bā tō cinemā naram

I have to go to the movies with you

I better not go to the movies with you

 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧ َﺮَم‬

(man) nabāyad bā tō cinemā beram

END OF LESSON 43

I shouldnʼt go to the movies with you

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ (man) shāyad bā tō cinemā beram I might not go ot the movies with you

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ (man) momkené bā tō cinemā beram

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

ā

long a

like in not

(man) meekhām bā tō cinemā beram

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

I might go to the ovies with you

I might go to the movies with you

‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ (man) behtaré bā tō cinemā beram I better go to the movies with you

bāsham bāshee

Lesson 44: Subjunctive To Have and To Be budan to be

‫ﺑﻮدَن‬ dāshtan to have

‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬ meetoonam khoshhāl bāsham

‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬

bāshé

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

bāsheem

‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

bāsheen

‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

bāshan

‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

TO BE ABLE TO BE HAPPY:

I can be happy

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

TO BE ABLE TO BE: stem: bāsh

‫ﺑﺎش‬

(man)

I can be

meetoonam

happy

khoshhāl bāsham

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

singular

(tõ) meetoonee You can be khoshhāl bāshee happy (informal) (oo) meetooné

He/she can

khoshhāl bāshé be happy

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

TO WANT TO BE HAPPY:

‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

meetooneem

happy

khoshhāl

plural

(shomā)

You can be

meetooneen

happy

khoshhāl

(formal)

bāsheen meetoonan khoshhāl bāshan

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

bāsheem

(oonā)

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬

happy

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

(tõ) meekhāy

You want to

khoshhāl

be happy

bāshee

(informal)

(oo) meekhād He/she khoshhāl bāshé wants to be happy

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮای‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

They can be‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬ happy

meekhām bāsham

singular

We can be

I want to be

khoshhāl

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

(mā)

(man)

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

(mā)

We want to

meekhāym

be happy

khoshhāl bāsheem

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

You want to

meekhāyn

be happy

khoshhāl

(formal)

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

bāsheen (oonā) meekhān

(oo) dāshté bāshé

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬

(mā) dāshté bāsheem

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) dāshté bāsheen

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

(oonā) dāshté bāshan

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

They want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮان‬ be happy

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

khoshhāl

‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

bāshan

plural

plural

(shomā)

meekhām dar itāliā bāsham

TO BE ABLE TO HAVE:

I want to be in Italy

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام دَر اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ meekhāym khoshhāl bāsheem

stem: dāshté bāsh

We want to be happy

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎش‬

  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ meekhām māsheen dāshté bāsham

singular

(man) dāshté bāsham (tõ) dāshté bāshee

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ‬

I want to have a car

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

I want to

māsheen dāshté

have a car ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

bāsham

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬

(shomā) meekhāynYou want plural

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

(man) meekhām

māsheen dāshté

to have a

bāsheen

car (formal)

singular

‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ (tõ) meekhāy

You want

māsheen dāshté

to have a

bāshee

car (informal)

(oo) meekhād

He/she

māsheen dāshté

wants to

bāshé

have a car

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮای‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬

(oonā) meekhān māsheen dāshté bāshan

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

They want ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮان‬ to have a car

‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

bāyad māsheen dāshté bāsham (mā) meekhāym

We want

māsheen dāshté

to have a

bāsheem

car

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

I have to have a car

 ‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ shomāré telephon phone number

 ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬

meetoonam shomāré telephonetō dāshté bāsham?

meetooneem fardā oonjā bāsheem

Can I have your phone number?

We can be there tomorrow

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨِﺘﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﻓَﺮدا اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

meetoonee shomāré telephonamō dāshté bāshee

meetooneem fardā sobhé zood oonjā bāsheem

You can have my phone number.

We can be there early tomorrow morning

  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨَﻤﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ‬

  ‫ﺻﺒﺢ زود اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﻓﺮدا‬

momkené shomāré telephonetō dāshté bāsham?

END OF LESSON 44

May I have your phone number?

 ‫ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮﻧِﺘﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ meekhām khoshhāl bāsham I want to be happy

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ meetoonam eenjā bāsham

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

ā

long a

like in not

meetooneem oonjā bāsheem

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

I can be here

We can be there

 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

hālam khoob neest. I donʼt feel well.

‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

Lesson 45: How to Talk About Feeling Under the Weather and Pain, and Parts of the Body

hālam bad-é. I feel bad.

‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺑَﺪِه‬ mareezam I am sick

khoob-am

‫ﺮﯾﻀﻢ‬ َ َ‫ﻣ‬

Iʼm well

chet-é?

‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬

Whatʼs wrong?

khoob neestam

‫ﭼﺘِﻪ‬ ِ

Iʼm not well

dard dāree?

‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

Do you have pain?

hālet chetor-é?

‫دَرد داری؟‬

How are you feeling?

kojāt dard meekoné?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

Where do you have pain?

hālam khoob-é.

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎت دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ؟‬

Iʼm feeling well.

badan

‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬

body

‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫ﺑ‬

poshtam dard meekoné

sar

‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

my back hurts

head

‫ﺳﺮ‬ َ

sheekamam dard meekoné

pā

‫ﺷﯿﮑَﻤَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

my stomach hurts

foot/leg

‫ﭘﺎ‬

delam dard meekoné my stomach/heart hurts

galoo

‫دِﻟَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

throat

‫ﮔَﻠﻮ‬

Leyla: hālet chetoré? ‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬ ِ

‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬

dast

Matt: hālam khoob neest. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺣﺎ َﻟم ﺧﻮب‬

hand/arm

Leyla: chetor? dard dāree? ‫داری؟‬

‫ﻄﻮر؟ دَرد‬ ِ ‫ﭼ‬ ِ

‫دَﺳﺖ‬ shooné

Matt: aré, saram khayli dard meekoné. ‫دَرد‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

shoulder

‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ‬ saram dard meekoné my head hurts

‫ﺳﺮم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ َ

Leyla: How are you doing? Matt: Iʼm not feeling well. Leyla: How so? Do you have pain? Matt: Yes, my head really hurts.

‫ﺳﺮم ﺧﯿﻠ‬ َ ،‫آره‬

cheshm / cheshmhā

pā / pā-hā

eye / eyes

foot/leg / feet/legs

‫ﭼﺸﻤﻬﺎ‬ ِ \ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ِ

‫ﭘﺎ \ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ‬

goosh / goosh-hā

END OF LESSON 45

ear / ears

‫ﮔﻮش \ ﮔﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬ damāgh nose

‫دَﻣﺎغ‬ dahan

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﻫﻦ‬ َ َ‫د‬

ā

long a

like in not

shooné / shooné-hā

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

mouth

shoulder / shoulders

‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ \ ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ dast / dast-hā hand/arm / hands/arms

‫دَﺳﺖ \ دَﺳﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﮔﻮﺷَ ﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ sar dard dāram I have a headache

Lesson 46: More About Pain and Illness hālam khoob neest I donʼt feel well

‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ dard dāram I have pain

‫دَرد دارَم‬ saram dard meekoné my head hurts

‫ﺳﺮَم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ َ poshtam dard meekoné my back hurts

‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ goosham dard meekoné my ear hurts

‫ﺳﺮ دَرد دارَم‬ َ deldard dāram I have a stomachache

‫دِل دَرد دارَم‬ galoo dard dāram I have a throatache

‫ﮔَﻠﻮ دَرد دارَم‬ goosh dard dāram I have an earache

‫ﮔﻮش دَرد دارَم‬ sorfé cough

‫ﺳﺮﻓِﻪ‬ ُ delam beham khordé I have a stomachache/My stomach is jumbled

‫دِﻟَﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣ ﺧﻮردِه‬

bālā ovordam

ghors

I threw up

pills/medicine

‫ﺑﺎﻻ اوردَم‬

‫ﻗُﺮص‬

sookhtam

balé ghorsé sardard dāreem

I burned

yes, we have headache medicine

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﺳﺮ دَرد دارﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺮص‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ ﻗ‬

sargeejé dāram

kerem

I am dizzy

cream

‫ﺮﮔﯿﺠﻪ دارَم‬ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ِ

‫ﮐِﺮِم‬

feshār khoonam bālāst

shalgham

my blood pressure is high

turnips

‫ﻓِﺸﺎر ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺷَ ﻠﻐَﻢ‬ nabāt

feshār khoonam pāyeené

rock candy/sugar

my blood pressure is low

‫ﻧ َﺒﺎت‬

‫ﻓِﺸﺎر ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨِﻪ‬

ghergheré āb namak

barāyé sardard cheezee dāreem?

saltwater gargle

Do we have anything for a headache?

‫ﻗِﺮﻗِﺮه آب ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬

‫ﺳﺮ درد ﭼﯿﺰی دارﯾﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺑﺮای‬

bokhoor steam

‫ﺑُﺨﻮر‬

‫زاﻧﻮ‬ zānoom dard meekoné

shooné

my knee hurts

shoulder

‫زاﻧﻮم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

‫)ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ)ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‬ shoonam dard meekoné my shoulder hurts

END OF LESSON 46

‫ﺷﻮﻧ َﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬ shooné dard dāram I have a shoulder ache

‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ دَرد دارَم‬ dastam dard meekoné

Pronunciation Guide:

my hand/arm hurts

a

short a

like in hat

‫دَﺳﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

dast dard dāram I have a hand/arm ache

‫دَﺳﺖ دَرد دارَم‬ zānoo knee

Leyla: noon ō paneer, meslé hameeshé.

‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺜﻞ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬

Lesson 47: How to Discuss Breakfast

Matt: āliyé.

‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬

Leyla: Did you eat breakfast?

sobhāné

Matt: Not yet.

breakfast

Leyla: Should I get some tea ready?

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

Matt: Sure. What do we have to eat? Leyla: Bread and feta, like always. Matt: Thatʼs great.

Leyla: sobhané khordee?

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردی؟‬ ُ

hameeshé always

Matt: na hanooz nakhordam.

‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ِ َ

‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬

hanooz

Leyla: chāi bezāram dorost beshé?

still/yet

‫ﭼﺎی دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐُﻨَﻢ؟‬

‫ﻫﻨﻮز‬ َ

Matt: bāshé. khordanee chee dāreem?

meslé

‫ ﺧﻮردَﻧ ﭼ دارﯾﻢ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬ ِ

like

‫ﻣِﺜﻠِﻪ‬

khordanee things to eat

‫ﺧﻮردَﻧ‬ gozāshtan to put

‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬ noon o paneer bread and feta

‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬ noon o karé bread and butter

‫ﻧﻮن و ﮐ َﺮِه‬ noon lavāsh thin bread

‫ﺳﻨﮕَﮏ‬ َ ‫ﻧﻮن‬ sabzee greens

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ gerdoo walnuts

‫ﮔِﺮدو‬ haleem oatmeal

‫ﺣﻠﯿﻢ‬ َ asal honey

‫ﺴﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻧﻮن ﻟَﻮاش‬

tokhmé morgh

noon barbari

‫ﺗ ُﺨﻢ ﻣُﺮغ‬

barbari bread

‫ﻧﻮن ﺑَﺮﺑَﺮی‬ noon sangak sangak bread

egg

kalé pāché sheep head and hooves

‫ﭘﺎﭼﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﮐ َﻠِﻪ‬

‫ﭼﺎی‬

sheer berenj milk rice

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑِﺮِﻧﺞ‬

chāi bā sheer

āb bā leemoo

‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬

tea with milk

water with lemon

‫آب ﺑﺎ ﻟﯿﻤﻮ‬

ghooree

sheer

‫ﻗﻮری‬

kettle

milk

too ghooree chāi hast?

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬

is there tea in the kettle?

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺗﻮ ﻗﻮری ﭼﺎی‬

āb portoghāl orange juice

‫آب ﭘُﺮﺗﻘﺎل‬

END OF LESSON 47

ghahvé coffee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬ ghahvé bā kerem va sheekar coffee with cream and sugar

Pronunciation Guide:

‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه ﺑﺎ ﮐِﺮِم و‬

a

short a

like in hat

chāi

ā

long a

like in not

tea

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬ َ ‫ ﺑِﻪ‬،‫ﺧُﻮب‬

Matt: khob, bé salāmati.

Leyla: Tomorrow Iʼm going to visit my family in Dallas.

Lesson 48: How To Discuss Travel

Matt: Are you going by car? Leyla: No, with an airplane. Matt: What time is your flight?

Leyla: fardā meeram peeshé khānevādam dar dāllās. ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬

‫ﭘﯿﺶ ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادَه ام در داﻻس‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ ِ Matt: bā māsheen meeree? ‫ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬ Leyla: na, bā havāpaymā.  

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

Matt: parvāzet sāʼaté chandé? ‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬ َ

‫ﺖ‬ ِ َ‫ﭘَﺮوازِت ﺳﺎﻋ‬

 ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

havāpaymā

‫ﻫﻮا ﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬ َ parvāz flight

‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﻣﯿﺮی‬ ِ

Leyla: bā otoboos meeram foroodgāh. ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬

‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬

Leyla: Iʼm going to the airport by bus.

airplane

‫ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ‬

Matt: chetor meeree foroodgāh? ‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه؟‬

Matt: How are you getting to the airport? Matt: Well, to your health!

‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

Matt: kay meeresee dāllās? ‫داﻻس؟‬ Leyla: sāʼaté dah. ‫دَه‬

Matt: When do you arrive Dallas? Leyla: At ten oʼclock.

‫ﻫﻮاﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

Leyla: sāʼaté nohé sobh. ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ

Leyla: At nine in the morning.

‫ﺑﺎ اُﺗﻮﺑﻮس‬

‫ﭘَﺮواز‬ foroodgāh aiport

‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬

khordanee things to eat

‫ﺧﻮردَﻧ‬ reseedan to arrive

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮ‬ bā otoboos meeram foroodgāh Iʼll go with a bus to the airport

‫ﺑﺎ اﺗﻮﺑﻮس ﻣﯿﺮم ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه‬

‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫رِﺳﯿ‬

māsheen

chejooree meeresee forodgāh

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

how are you arriving at the airport

car

‫ﭼﻪ ﺟﻮری ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬ ِ

docharké

kay meeresee?

‫ﺧﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫دو‬

when will you get here?

‫ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ‬ fardā meeresam Iʼm arriving tomorrow

bicycle

secharkhé tricylce

‫ﺧﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻓَﺮدا ﻣﯿﺮ‬

motorcyclet

zood meeresam

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠِﺖ‬

Iʼll get there quickly

‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫زود ﻣﯿﺮ‬ nemeeresam I wonʼt get there

motorcycle

metrō subway

‫ﻣِﺘﺮو‬

heleecoopter

END OF LESSON 48

helicopter

‫ﻫِﻠﯿﮑﻮﭘﺘِﺮ‬ ghāyegh boat

‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬ bé salāmati

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬ َ ‫ﺑِﻪ‬

ā

long a

like in not

safar khosh

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

to your health

safe travels

‫ﺳﻔَﺮ ﺧﻮش‬ havāpaymā airplane

‫ﻫﻮا ﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬ َ

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ kār kardan to work

Lesson 49: How to Talk About Daily Routines

‫ﮐﺎرﮐ َﺮدَن‬ kār meekonam I work

doshanbé tā jomʼé

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

Monday until Friday

‫ﻌﻪ‬ ِ ‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺟُﻤ‬ shanbé tā panjshanbé Saturday until Thursday

‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘَﻨﺠﺸَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬

TO WORK: Infinitive: kār kardan

‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

jomʼé tateelé

(man) kār

Friday is off

meekonam

middle of the week

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻂ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ َ‫و‬ akharé ha é weekend

singular

‫ﻌﻪ ﺗ َ ﻄﯿﻠِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬ vasaté ha é

I work

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬ ‫ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬

(tõ) kār

You work

meekonee

(informal)

َ ‫ﮐُﻨ‬

(oo) kār

He/she works

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬

meekoné

‫ﮐ ُﻨِﻪ‬

(man) sobhāné I eat breakfast ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

plural

meekoneem

‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) kār

You work

meekoneen

(formal)

(oonā) kār

meekhoram

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬

We work

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬ ‫ﮐُﻨَﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬

They work

meekonan

singular

(mā) kār

‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬

(tõ) sobhāné

You eat

meekhoree

breakfast (informal)

(oo) sobhāné

He/she eats

meekhoré

breakfast

‫ﮐُﻨَﻦ‬ (mā) sobhāné We eat

vasaté ha é kār meekonam

meekhoreem

In the middle of the week, I work

breakfast

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻂ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ َ‫و‬

TO EAT BREAKFAST: Infinitive: sobhāné khordan

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردَن‬ ُ

plural

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردَن‬ ُ

‫ﻣ ﺧﻮری‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرِه‬

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺧﻮرﯾﻢ‬

sobhāné khordan to eat breakfast

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

(shomā)

You eat

sobhāné

breakfast

meekhoreen

(formal)

(oonā) sobhāné They eat meekhoran

breakfast

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺧﻮرﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ

‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرَن‬

‫اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬

sāʼaté ha sobhāné meekhoram I eat breakfast at 7

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬

telephonam rooyé meezé my telephone is on the table

‫روی ﻣﯿﺰِه‬ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨَﻢ‬ ِ

sāʼaté chand sobhāné meekhoree? What time do you eat breakfast?

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَی؟‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ ُ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬

sāʼaté hasht az khooné meeram beeroon

sāʼaté hasht sobhāné meekhoram

‫ﻫﺸﺖ اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬

I eat breakfast at 8

I leave the house at 8

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬

sāʼaté noh meeresam edāré

man sāʼaté ha sobhāné meekhoram

‫ﺳﻢ اِدارِه‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﻣ ر‬

I eat breakfast at 7

I arrive at the office at 9

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬

nāhār khordan

va man sāʼaté hasht sobhāné meekohram

‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮردَن‬

and I eat breakfast at 8

to eat lunch

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫و َ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬

sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram

sāʼaté ha o neem sobhāné meekhoram

‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

I eat breakfast at 7:30

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ و ﻧﯿﻢ‬ az khooné meeram beeroon I leave the house

I eat lunch at 1

Leyla: Matt, sāʼaté chand nāhār meekhoree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ َ

‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮری‬

‫ﺖ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

Matt: man ham sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram.

‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

‫ﻫﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﮕ دَر ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ sāʼaté hasht shām meekhoram I eat dinner at 8

Translation: Leyla: Matt, what time do you eat lunch? Matt: I also eat lunch at one.

‫ﻫﺸﺖ ﺷﺎم ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ sāʼaté sheesh shām meekhoram I eat dinner at 6

bar gashtan to return

‫ﺑَﺮﮔَﺸﺘَﻦ‬ sāʼaté noh meeresam edāré I arrive at the office at 9

‫ﺳﻢ اِدارِه‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﯿﺮ‬ sāʼaté chand bar meegardee khooné? What time do you return home?

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑَﺮﻣﯿﮕَﺮدی ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ sāʼaté panj bar meegardam khooné I return home at 5

‫ﺖ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺑَﺮﻣﯿﮕَﺮدَم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ khastegee dar meekonam I rest

‫ﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺷﺎم ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

sāʼaté hasht o neem sobhāné meekhoram.

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ و ﻧﯿﻢ‬ sāʼaté noh az khooné meeram beeroon.

 ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣ رَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ mamoolan, sāʼaté noh o neem meeresam saré kār.

 ‫ﺳﺮ ِ ﮐﺎر‬ ِ َ‫ﻣَﻌﻤﻮﻷ ﺳﺎﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻢ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و ﻧﯿﻢ ﻣ ر‬ kam o beesh sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram.

 ‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ِ َ‫ﮐ َﻢ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺳﺎﻋ‬ taghreeban sāʼaté sheesh bar meegardam khooné.

 ‫ﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺑَﺮ ﻣﯿﮕَﺮدم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺗ َﻘﺮﯾﺒﺄ ﺳﺎﻋ‬

maʼmoolan usually

‫ﻣَﻌﻤﻮﻷ‬ kam o beesh more or less

‫ﮐ َﻢ و ﺑﯿﺶ‬ taghreeban about

‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺄ‬

Pronunciation Guide: I eat breakfast at 8:30. At 9, I leave the house. Usually, I arrive at work at 9:30. I eat lunch more or less at 1. I return home at about 6.

END OF LESSON 49

a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬ pā meesham I get up

Lesson 50: More about Daily Routines vasaté ha é the middle of the week

‫ﻫﻔﺘَﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻂ‬ َ َ‫و‬ vasaté ha é kār meekonam in the middle of the week, I work

‫ﻫﻔﺘَﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐًﻨَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻂ‬ َ َ‫و‬ sobhāné meekhoram

‫ﭘﺎ ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬ Leyla: matt, sāʼaté chand beedār meeshee? ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷ‬ Matt: sāʼaté hasht beedār meesham. ‫ﺑﯿﺪاز‬ Leyla: va sāʼaté chand pā meeshee?

‫ﺷ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎ ﻣ‬ َ ‫و َ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

Matt: sāʼaté hasht o neem pā meesham. ‫و‬

‫ﻧﯿﻢ ﭘﺎ ﻣﯿﺸﻢ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ ُ

Leyla: Matt, what time do you wake up?

beedār meesham

Leyla: And what time do you get up?

‫ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬ man sāʼaté sheesh beedār meesham I wake up at six

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬

I eat breakfast

I wake up

‫ﻣَﺖ‬

Matt: I wake up at eight. Matt: I get up at eight thirty. doosh meegeeram I take a shower

‫دوش ﻣ ﮔﯿﺮَم‬

‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

hamām meekonam I do a bath

‫ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻣﻮ ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎم ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ َ

lebās meepoosham

Pronunciation note: The word for shower, hamām can also be

‫ﻟِﺒﺎس ﻣ ﭘﻮﺷَ ﻢ‬

pronounced as hamoom.

I wear clothes

āmādé meesham baʼad a er/then

I get ready

‫آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸَ ﻢ‬

‫ﺑَ ﺪ‬

barāyé beeroon ra an āmādé meesham

ārāyesh meekonam

‫ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺮون رَﻓﺘَﻦ آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸﻢ‬ ِ

I do my makeup

I get ready to go out

‫آراﯾﺶ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

barāyé khāb āmādé meesham

eslāh meekonam

‫ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮاب آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸَ ﻢ‬ ِ

I shave

‫اِﺻﻼح ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ dandoonāmo mesvāk meekonam I brush my teeth

I get ready for sleep

khābam meebaré I fall asleep (sleep takes me)

‫ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ ﻣ ﺑَﺮه‬

‫دَﻧﺪوﻧ َﻤﻮ ﻣﺴﻮاک ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

sāʼaté dah meekhābam

moohāmō shooné meekonam

‫ﺖ دَه ﻣ ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

I brush my hair

I go to sleep at ten

sāʼaté noh barāyé khāb āmādé meesham

Leyla: Matt, what time do you wake up?

I get ready for sleep at nine

Matt: I wake up at nine

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﺑَﺮای ﺧﻮاب آﻣﺎدِه ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬

Leyla: Do you take a shower or bath? Matt: I take a shower. Leyla: A er dinner, do you study?

va sāʼaté yāzdah khābam meebaré

Matt: Yes, I study.

and I fall asleep at eleven

‫ﺖ ﯾﺎزدَه ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ ﻣ ﺑَﺮِه‬ ِ َ‫و ﺳﺎﻋ‬ Leyla: matt, sāʼaté chand beedār meeshee? ‫ﺖ‬ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷ‬ َ

Matt: sāʼaté noh beedār meesham.

‫ﺷَ ﻢ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ‬

Leyla: doosh meegeeree yā hamoom meekoné?

‫ﺣﻤﻮم ﻣ ﮐﻨ‬ َ ‫ﮔﯿﺮَی ﯾﺎ‬

Matt: doosh meegeeram. ‫ﮔﯿﺮَم‬

‫دوش ﻣ‬

‫دوش ﻣ‬

Leyla: baʼad az shām dars meekhoonee? ‫درس‬

‫ﺑ ﺪ ازﺷﺎم‬

َ ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮﻧ‬ Matt: balé, dars meekhoonam. ‫ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

END OF LESSON 50

 ‫ﻣَﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻪ دَرس ﻣ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

na, merci no, thank you

‫ ﻣﺮﺳ‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬

Lesson 51: Introducing 'Ta'arof'

na, mamnoonam no, thank you

‫ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬

taʼarof

zahmat nakesh

custom of etiquette in Iranian culture

donʼt go to the trouble

‫ﺗ ﺎرف‬

‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺶ‬

What is taʼarof? Taʼarof is an extremely important concept in Iranian culture, and if you plan to be interacting with

zahmatee neest

someone with ties to Iranian culture, you should be familiar

donʼt go to the trouble

with its intricacies. Itʼs basically the Iranian code of etiquette,

‫زَﺣﻤﺘ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

and the way Iranians ineract with one another regardless of age, social standing or gender. It can also be described as an extreme form of politeness.

TA’AROF WHILE BEING HOSTED

Leyla: salām matt, khosh āmadee. chāi meekhoree? 

‫ ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬.‫ ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪی‬،‫ﻣَﺖ‬ Matt: na, khayli mamnoonam.

‫ ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬

Leyla: cherā, barāt chāi beeyāram. Matt: na, merci. zahmat nakesh.

will you have tea?

Leyla: tārof nakon, zahmatee neest.

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫ ﺑَﺮات ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرم‬،‫ﭼﺮا‬ ِ

‫ زﺣﻤﺖ ﻧﮑﺶ‬، ‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺳ‬

chai meekhoree?

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬

‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ

‫ زﺣﻤﺘ‬،‫ﺗ ﺎرف ﻧﮑﻦ‬

Matt: na bé khodā, lotfan besheen.

ً ‫ ﻟﻄﻔﺎ‬،‫ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪا‬

‫ﺑﺮات‬

‫ﺑﺸﯿﻦ‬ Leyla: befarma, een ham chāi. 

barāt chāi beeyāram

‫ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺎی‬،‫ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎ‬

Matt: bah bah, khayli mamnoon.

let me bring tea for you

‫ ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣﻤﻨﻮن‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮات ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬ tārof nakon donʼt tārof

‫ﺗ ﺎرف ﻧ َﮑ ُﻦ‬

Leyla: Hello Matt, welcome. Would you like tea? Matt: No, thank you very much.

na bé khodā

Leyla: Yes, let me bring you tea.

no, for the love of god

Matt: No thanks, donʼt go through the trouble.

‫ ﺑِﻪ ﺧُﺪا‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬

Leyla: Donʼt tārof, itʼs no trouble. Matt: No, for the love of god, sit down. Leyla: Here you go, hereʼs some. Matt: Mmm, thanks so much.

Cultural note: Just like in western culture, Iranians have many religious seeming phrases that are o en used in regular speech, and in this context are secular in nature. The phrase above is similar to the English equivalent ʻfor the love of godʼ or ʻby god.ʼ

cherā yes (in response to a no)

‫ﭼﺮا‬ barāt for you

lotfan besheen please sit

‫ﻟُﺘﻔَﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬

END OF LESSON 51

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

zahmat nakesh donʼt go through the trouble

‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺶ‬

Lesson 52: Navigating 'Tā'arof' in Different Social Situations

seeram

khayli mamnoon

really

thanks so much

‫واﻻ‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ What is taʼarof? Taʼarof is an extremely important concept in Iranian culture, and if you plan to be interacting with someone with ties to Iranian culture, you should be familiar with its intricacies. Itʼs basically the Iranian code of etiquette, adn the way Iranians ineract with one another regardless of age, social standing or gender. It can also be described as an extreme form of politeness.

Iʼm full

‫ﺳﯿﺮَم‬ vālā

seeram vālā really, Iʼm full

‫ﺳﯿﺮَم واﻻ‬ nemeetoonam beeshtar bokhoram I canʼt eat more

‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﺑُﺨﻮرَم‬ dasté shomā dard nakoné I hope your hand

TA’AROF WHILE BEING HOSTED:

‫ﺳﺖ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ ِ َ‫د‬ khoshmazé delicious

 ‫ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰِه‬

Cultural note: When it comes to splitting the bill, Iranians see

khayli khoshmazé bood

is always a contest to see who can get to the bill first and treat

it was delicious

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰه ﺑﻮد‬ ِ saré shomā dard nakoné I hope your head doesnʼt hurt

‫ﺳﺮ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬ َ āli bood it was wonderful

‫ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬

TA’AROF WHILE SPLITTING THE BILL: nemeeshé itʼs not possible

‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬ ِ ِ‫ﻧ‬ nobaté mané itʼs my turn

‫ﺖ ﻣَﻨﻪ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻧﻮﺑ‬

it as a source of pride. Whether eating with friends or family, it the others. O en times, one member of the party will slip the waiter or waitress the payment before the bill even arrives so that there isnʼt an argument in the end. Youʼll o en see quite loud, sometimes physical arguments taking place when the bill does arrive at the end of the meal.

TA’AROF WHEN GIVING A COMPLIMENT: peeshkesh

‫ﭘﯿﺸﮑِﺶ‬ Cultural note: peesh kesh refers to the act of offering oneʼs belongings when they are complimented by another person. For instance, youʼll tell someone ʻI like your shoesʼ and theyʼll reply by saying ʻHave them then- theyʼd look better on you anyway!ʼ. Please note that theyʼre not literally offering to give you their shoes- they are just being polite. Sometimes, they just reply with the word peesh kesh which basically means ʻtake them- theyʼre yoursʼ.

TA’AROF WHEN AT A STORE: ghabelé shomā rō nadāré

Shopkeeper: No, please, take it Customer: Thank you, thatʼs not possible. How much is it?

itʼs not worthy of you

‫ﻞ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ را ﻧ َﺪارِه‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬

mazerat meekhām excuse me

moshtaree: salām- mazerat meekhām, ghaymaté een paneer chandé?

‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬ ِ َ‫ﻗﯿﻤ‬ َ ‫ﺖ اﯾﻦ ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬

ghābelé shomā rō nadāré

sāheb maghāzé: ghābelé shomā rō nadāré. :‫ﻣﻘﺎزه‬

‫ﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ را ﻧ َﺪاره‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬

moshtaree: na, khāhesh meekonam, chandé? ،‫ﻧﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬ َ ،‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

sāheb maghāzé: na, befarmāyeen. ،‫ﻧﻪ‬:

‫ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺐ‬ ِ ‫ﺻﺎ‬

:‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬

‫ﺣﺐ ﻣﻘﺎزه‬ ِ ‫ﺻﺎ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬

itʼs not worthy of you

‫ﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ رو ﻧ َﺪاره‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬ Cultural note: This is another seemingly extreme, yet common, use of tārof in Iranian culture. When making a financial transactions, things are rarely straightforward as they are in the west. Rather, when you ask how much

moshtaree: khayli mamnoon, magé meeshé? ghaymatesh chandé?

‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

،‫ ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬-‫ﺳﻼم‬ َ :‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬

‫ ﻣَﮕﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﺶ‬،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ِ :‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬

Customer: Hello- excuse me, how much is this cheese? Shopkeeper: It is not worthy of you (donʼt worry about it). Customer: No, please, How much?

something is, youʼre told that the item is not worthy of you, that you neednʼt bother paying. Donʼt be fooled however- the shopkeeper fully expects you to pay and will o en quote you a price that is much higher than the time is actually worth, forcing you to them play a reverse game of negotiating the price down.

END OF LESSON 52

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ِ‫اِﺣﺗِرام ﺑَﺮای ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬ bebakhsheed poshtam behetoon-é sorry my back is to you

Lesson 53: Respect in the Persian Culture ehterām respect

‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ ﺑِﻬِﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

COMBINING TO + SUBJECT: bé tō

behet

‫ﺑِﻪ ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﺑِﻬِﺖ‬

Persian culture, and in order to interact with an Iranian

bé man

behem

household, you need to be familiar with it. Tārof, the code of

‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﺑِﻬِﻢ‬

bé oon

behesh

‫ﺑِﻪ اون‬

‫ﺑِﻬِﺶ‬

‫اِﺣﺘِﺮام‬ Cultural note: The concept of ehterām, or respect, is key in

etiquette in Persian culture, is a form of ehterām.

TYPES OF RESPECT:

to you (informal)

to me

to him/her

ehterām barāyé bozorgtar respect for elders

‫اِﺣﺘِﺮام ﺑَﺮای ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮ‬ ehterām barāyé khānevādé respect for the family

bé shomā behetoon

‫ﺑِﻪ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺑ ِﻬِﺘﻮن‬

to you (formal/plural)

bé mā

behemoon to us

‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﻬِﻤﻮن‬

bé oonā

beheshoon to them

‫ﺑِﻪ اوﻧﺎ‬

behetoon ketāb

I gave a book to you

dādam

(formal/plural)

‫ﺑ ِﻬِﺘﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬ behemoon ketāb

‫ﺑِﻬِﺸﻮن‬

You gave a book to us

dādee

‫ﺑِﻬِﻤﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَی‬ beheshoon ketāb dādam

example sentences: behet ketāb dādam I gave a book to you

‫ﺑِﻬِﺖ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬

I gave a book to them

‫ﺑِﻬِﺸﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬

(informal)

behem ketāb dādee You gave a book to me

‫ﺑِﻬِﻢ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادی‬ behesh ketāb dādam

‫ﺑِﻬِﺶ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬

I gave a book to him/her

sample conversation: Person 1: bebakhsheed poshtam behetoon-é. ‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬

‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ ﺑِﻬِﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

Person 2: khāhesh meekonam, rāhat bāsh ‫ﺣﺶ‬ ِ ‫ﺧﻮا‬

‫ﺣﺖ ﺑﺎش‬ َ ‫ را‬،‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

lotf dāreen youʼre too kind

‫ﻟُﻄﻒ دارﯾﻦ‬

translation: Person 1: Iʼm sorry my back is to you.

cheshm khordan

Person 2: Donʼt worry about it (please), be comfortable.

being given the evil eye

‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮردَن‬ ِ

rāhat bāsh

cheshmesh nazaneem

be comfortable (donʼt worry about it)

letʼs not give it the evil eye

‫ﺣﺖ ﺑﺎش‬ َ ‫را‬

‫ﭼﺸﻤِﺶ ﻧَﺰَﻧﯿﻢ‬ ِ

HOW TO DEAL WITH COMPLIMENTS:

END OF LESSON 53

Cultural note: In Persian culture, itʼs rude to simpy accept a compliment by saying ʻthank youʼ. Rather, tārof plays a big role in how you react when someone says something nice to you. Itʼs customary to skirt around the issue to show that you are humble and modest. The following phrases allow you to do this. cheshmātoon ghashang meebeené your eyes see nicely

‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﺗﻮن ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﻣﯿﺒﯿﻨِﻪ‬ ِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

meaning: you were missed

‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬ jātoon sabz bood

Lesson 54: Common Persian Sayings and Expressions ON MISSING AND BEING MISSED:

literally: your place was green (formal) meaning: you were missed

‫ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻮد‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن‬ jātoon sabzé literally: your place is green (formal) meaning: you are missed

‫ﺳﺒﺰه‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن‬

jātoon khāliyé

khasté nabāshee

literally: your place is empty (formal)

literally: donʼt be tired (informal)

meaning: you were missed

meaning: youʼve worked so hard

‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن ﺧﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷ‬

jāt khāliyé

dastet dard nakoné

literally: your place is empty (informal)

literally: I hope your hand doesnʼt hurt (informal)

meaning: you were missed

meaning: thank you!

‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫دَﺳﺘِﺖ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

jāt khāli bood

na bābā

literally: your place was empty (informal)

literally: no father

meaning: no way

meaning: all right, good job

‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬

‫دَﻣﺖ ﮔَﺮم‬

na vālā

saramō bordee

literally: no to god

literally: you took my head (informal)

meaning: no, really

meaning: you talk too much

‫ﻧ َﻪ واﻻ‬

‫ﺳﺮَم را ﺑُﺮدی‬ َ

chashm

khāk bar saret

literally: eye

literally: dirt on your head (informal)

meaning: ok

meaning: (something not nice in English...)

‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ َ

‫ﺳﺮِت‬ َ ‫ﺧﺎک ﺑَﺮ‬

bā namak

khāk bar saram

literally: with salt

literally: dirt on my head

meaning: funny, charming person

meaning: (something not nice in English...)

‫ﺑﺎ ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬

‫ﺳﺮَم‬ َ ‫ﺧﺎک ﺑَﺮ‬

bee namak

khar

literally: without salt

literally: donkey

meaning: a boring, flavorless person

meaning: idiot

‫ﺑﯽ ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬

‫ﺧَﺮ‬

damet garm

khayli kharee

literally: may your breath be warm

literally: youʼre really a donkey (informal)

‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ‬ َ

meaning: youʼre such an idiot

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧَﺮی‬ ِ

END OF LESSON 54

magé man kharam literally: What, am I a donkey? meaning: am I an idiot?

‫ﻣَﮕﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺧَﺮَم‬ khar too kharé literally: thereʼs a donkey inside a donkey meaning: things are crazy

‫ﺧَﺮ ﺗﻮ ﺧَﺮِه‬ hamé cheez khar too kharé literally: everything is donkey inside a donkey meaning: everything is crazy here

‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺧَﺮ ﺗﻮ ﺧَﺮِه‬ َ hamé cheez everything

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺣﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﻣُﺰا‬ mozāhem nabāsheem Donʼt let us be any trouble

Lesson 55: The Etiquette of Being Hosted befarmāyeen manzel please come over

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﻣَﻨﺰِل‬ befarmāyeen besheeneen please sit

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ manzelé man my house

‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬ mozāhem nabāsham I donʼt want to be any trouble

‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ een harfa cheeyé? whatʼs the meaning of this?

ِ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ﭼﯿﻪ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ mozāhem neesteen youʼre no trouble

‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣَﻨﺰِل ﻣَﻦ‬

lotfan befarmāyeen

manzelé mā our house

‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣَﻨﺰل ﻣﺎ‬

dasté khālee

mozāhem in the way

please come in

empty handed

‫ﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻟ‬ ِ َ‫د‬

dasté por full handed

‫ﺳﺖ ﭘُﺮ‬ ِ َ‫د‬ gol flower

‫رو ﺑﻮﺳ‬ zahmat kam koneem letʼs lessen the burden

‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﮐ َﻢ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

‫ﮔُﻞ‬

yavāsh

sheereenee

‫ﯾَﻮاش‬

pastries

‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬ khodet golee you are a flower

‫ﺧﻮدِت ﮔُﻠ‬ khosh āmadeen you are welcome

‫ﺧﻮش اﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬

slowy

yavāsh yavāsh pā sheem letʼs slowly slowly get up

‫ﯾَﻮاش ﯾَﻮاش ﭘﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬ feylan neshasteen youʼre sitting for now

‫ﻓِﻌﻶ ً ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬

END OF LESSON 55

befarmāyeen too please come in

‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺗﻮ‬ roo boosy kissing faces

Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ā

long a

like in not

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Leyla: chris ham khoobé. oon ham salām meeresooné. ‫ﮐرﯾس‬ ‫ﻣﯾرﺳو َﻧﮫ‬ ِ ‫َھم‬ ِ ‫ اون َھم َﺳﻼم‬.‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬

Lesson 56: The Etiquette for Talking on the Phone

ring, ring

MAKING CONVERSATION:

Leyla: Hi Matt, itʼs Leyla.

alō

Matt: Hello? Matt: Hi Leyla! Leyla: Hello! Are you well (good)?

hello

Matt: Iʼm well, thank you! Are you well (good)?

‫اَﻟﻮ‬

Leyla: Good, thanks! Ladan, Kimiya, are they well (good)? Matt: Yes, they say hello!

ring, ring

Leyla: May they be healthy.

Matt: alo? ‫اَﻟو؟‬

Matt: Is Chris well (good)?

Leyla: salām matt, leyla hastam ‫ ﻟِﯾﻼ َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬

Leyla: He is good too. He also says hello.

Matt: salām, leylā. ‫َﺳﻼم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬ Leyla: salām! khoob hastee? ‫َﺳﻼم! ﺧوب َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬ Matt: khoobam, merci! tō khoobee? ‫ ﺗو ﺧوﺑﯽ؟‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬ Leyla: khoob, merci! lādan, kimiyā, khooban? !‫ﺧوب ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ ﺧو َﺑن؟‬،‫ ﮐﯾﻣﯾﺎ‬،‫ﻻدَ ن‬ Matt: āré, salām meeresoonan! ‫ﻣﯾرﺳو َﻧن‬ ِ ‫َﺳﻼم‬ Leyla: salāmat, bashan. ‫َﺳﻼ َﻣت ﺑﺎ َﺷن‬ Matt: chris khoobé? ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ؟‬ ِ ‫ﮐرﯾس‬

،‫آرِه‬ 

salām beresoon send my hello

‫ﺳﻼم ﺑِﺮِﺳﻮن‬ َ salām meeresoonan they say hello

‫ﺳﻼم ﻣﯿﺮِﺳﻮﻧ َﻦ‬ َ

sense- one is to say sohbat bokonam. But o en in

salāmat bāshan

sohbat konam. So to ask ʻmay I speakʼ, you simply say sohbat

may they be healthy

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬ َ

conversation, the ʻboʼ is dropped and it simply becomes konam. So, meetoonam sohbat konam is may I speak. To add a specific person, you say meetoonam bā ______ sohbat konam.

Note: The process of starting a phone conversation and all the exchanged pleasantries that follow is called ahvāl porsee.

khasté nabāsheed may you not be tired

‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬ meetonam sohbat konam

TO SPEAK: Infinitive: sohbat kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ Present stem: sohbat kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬ (man) sohbat

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ

I speak

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

You speak

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬

konam (tō) sohbat kon

(informal)

may I speak

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ

(oo) sohbat koné He/she speaks

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ ُﻨﻪ‬

youʼre asking to speak to someone on the phone, you use the

(mā) sohbat

present or future tense to ask. There are two ways to

koneem

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

Note: sohbat kardan is the verb for to speak. However, when

conjugate sohbat kardan in the present tense in the informal

We speak

(shomā) sohbat

You (all) speak

koneen

(formal)

(oonā) sohbat

They speak

konan

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬

Matt: khob, hālā meetonam ba chris sobat konam? ‫ ھﺎﻻ‬،‫ﺧوب‬

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﮐ ُﻨﻦ‬

konam. ‫ ِﺑ َرم ﺻِ داش ُﮐ َﻧم‬،‫ ﮔوﺷﯽ رو ِﻧﮑَﮫ دار‬،‫اﻟ َﺑﺗﮫ‬

‫ﻣﯾﺗو َﻧم ﺑﺎ ﮐرﯾس ﺻُﺣ َﺑت ُﮐ َﻧم؟‬ Leyla: albaté, gooshee rō negah dār, beram sedāsh

Matt: Ok, now could I speak to Chris? gooshee rō negah dār

Leyla: Of course, hold the phone, Iʼll go call (get) him.

hold the phone

‫ﮔﻮﺷ رو ﻧِﮕَﻪ دار‬ yek lahzé one moment

‫ﻈﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﯾِﮏ ﻟَﺤ‬ sabr kon wait

‫ﺻﺒﺮﮐ ُﻦ‬ َ beram sedāsh konam Iʼll go call her

‫ﺻﺪاش ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﺑِﺮَم‬

albaté of course

‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬ motasefāné unfortunately

‫ﺳﻔﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﺘِﺎ‬ payghām bezāram? can I leave a message?

‫ﭘﯿ ﺎم ﺑِﺬارَم‬

badan zang meezanam Iʼll call later

‫ﺑ َ ﺪا ً زَﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬ khoshhāl shodam I became happy

‫ﺪم‬ َ ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺷ‬ Note: khoshhāl shodam literally means ʻI became happy,ʼ but in this context is used to mean something like ʻtalking to you made me happy,ʼ and is a common pleasantry used a er talking to someone. ghorbānat I would sacrifice myself for you

‫ﻗُﺮﺑﺎﻧ َﺖ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Lesson 57: Proposals, Marriages and Weddings

(tō) esdevāj

You got married

kardee

(informal)

(oo) esdevāj kard He/she got married

We got married

kardeem

wedding

‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬

‫اِزدِواج‬

kardeen

(formal)

‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) esdevāj

They got married

‫اِزدِواج‬

kardan

ezdevāj kardan getting married

‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ khāstegāree

‫اِزدِواج ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

proposal

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘِﮕﺎری‬

TO GET MARRIED: kardam

‫اِزدِواج‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

marriage

I got married

‫اِزدِواج‬

(shomā) esdevāj You (all) got married ‫اِزدِواج‬

ezdevāj

(man) esdevāj

‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬ (mā) esdevāj

aroosi

‫اِزدِواج‬

khāstan

‫اِزدِواج‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬

to want

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬

almās

sofreyé aghd

diamond

ceremony table

‫اَﻟﻤﺎس‬

‫ﺳﻔﺮِه ِ ﻋَﻘﺪ‬ ُ

angoshtar

balé

ring

yes

‫اَﻧﮕُﺸﺘَﺮ‬

‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ doomād

angoshtaré almās

groom

diamond ring

‫دوﻣﺎد‬

‫اَﻧﮕُﺸﺘَﺮ ِ اَﻟﻤﺎس‬

aroos

nāmzad

bride

fiancé

‫ﻋَﺮوس‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد‬ nāmzadee engagement

‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَدی‬ aghd ceremony

‫ﻋَﻘﺪ‬

aroosi wedding

‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬ mehmoonee party

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬ mehmooneeyé mofasal epic party

‫ﺼﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ِ ﻣُﻔ‬ mofasal epic

‫ﺼﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻣُﻔ‬ shāmé mofasal epic dinner

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ َ َ‫م ﻣُﻔ‬

END OF LESSON 57

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

koodak child

‫ﮐﻮدَک‬

Lesson 58: Babies baché child

‫ﭽﻪ‬ ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ nozād newborn

‫ﻧﻮزاد‬ zāyeedan to give birth

PREGNANCY AND GIVING BIRTH: hāmelé pregnant

‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﻪ‬ hāmelegee pregnancy

‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﮕ‬

‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫زاﯾﯿ‬

man hāmelam

neenee

‫ﻣَﻦ ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﻢ‬

baby

‫ﻧ ﻧ‬ neenee koochooloo little baby

‫ﻧ ﻧ ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ‬

Iʼm pregnant

zanam hāmelast my wife is pregnant

‫زَﻧ َﻢ ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﻢ‬ zanam chāhār māh hāmelast my wife is four months pregnant

‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺎه ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﺲ‬ ِ ‫زَﻧ َﻢ‬

man dar beemārestān vazé haml kardam

lādan sheesh māh hāmelast

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ دَر ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن و‬ َ ‫ﺿﻊ‬

Ladan is six months pregnant

I gave birth in a hospital

‫ﻻدَن ﺷﯿﺶ ﻣﺎه ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﺲ‬

bedonyā oomadan

bār dār

‫ﺪم‬ َ َ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ آﻣ‬

pregnant

to be born

‫ﺑﺎر دار‬

donyā

zāyemān

‫دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

giving birth

‫زاﯾِﻤﺎن‬ zāyeshgāh place to give birth

‫زاﯾِﺸﮕﺎه‬ beemārestān hospital

world

deerooz bedonyā oomad he/she was born yesterday

‫دﯾﺮوز ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬ kay bedonyā oomad? when was he/she born?

‫ﮐ ِ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ؟‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬

rooz dar austin bedonyā oomad

vazé haml

‫روز دَر آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬

giving birth

‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ِ َ‫و‬ َ ‫ﺿﻪ‬

Rooz was born in Austin

kimiyā ham dar austin bedonyā oomad Kimiya was also born in Austin

‫ﻫﻢ دَر آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬ َ  ‫ﮐﯿﻤﯿﺎ‬

(oonā) bedonyā oomadan

They were born ‫دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﻪ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

TO BE BORN: Infinitive: bedonyā oomadan ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬ Past stem: bedonyā oomad ‫آﻣَﺪ‬ (man) bedonyā

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

I was born

oomadam

Leyla: kimiyā kojā bedonyā oomad? Matt: kimiyā dar āustin bedonyā oomad. Leyla: ārmān chetor?

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

Matt: ārman dar dāllās bedonyā oomad.

‫ﺪم‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

(tō) bedonyā

You were born

oomadee

(formal)

(oo) bedonyā

He/she was

oomad

born

(mā) bedonyā

We were born

oomadeem

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺪی‬ َ َ‫آﻣ‬

Matt: Kimiya was born in Austin.

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ آﻣَﺪ‬

Matt: Arman was born in Dallas.

You (all) were

oomadeen

born

Leyla: What about Arman?

 ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫آﻣَﺪﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) bedonyā

Leyla: Where was Kimiya born?

‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫آﻣَﺪﯾﺪ‬

TERMS OF ENDEAREMENT: moosh mouse

‫ﻣﻮش‬

joojé

lālāyee

baby bird

lulluby

‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ِ

‫ﻻﻻﯾﯽ‬ lālāyee khoondan

nāz

singing lullabys

sweet/dear

‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫ﻻﻻﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧ‬

‫ﻧﺎز‬ nāz kardan sweetly petting

‫ﻧﺎز ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ nāzee sweetie

‫ﻧﺎزی‬ azeez dear

‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰ‬ azeezam my dear

‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰَم‬

BABY GEAR: doroshké stroller

‫دُرُﺷﮑِﻪ‬ sheer milk

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ sheeré mādar motherʼs milk

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ِ ﻣﺎدَر‬ botreeyé sheer bottle of milk

‫ﺑﻄﺮی ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ِ

END OF LESSON 58

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

tahdeeg bottom of the pot (crispy rice)

‫ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮓ‬

Lesson 59: Persian Food ghazā food

ghāshogh spoon

‫ﻗﺎﺷُ ﻖ‬

‫ﻏَﺬا‬

changāl

zafaroon

‫ﭼﻨﮕﺎل‬ َ

saffron

‫زَﻋﻔَﺮان‬ zarchoobé turmeric

fork

kārd knife

‫ﮐﺎرد‬

‫زَردﭼﻮﺑِﻪ‬

khoreshé fesenjoon

polo va khoresh

‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮرِش ﻓ‬

rice and stew

fesenjoon

‫ﭘُﻠﻮ و ﺧﻮرِش‬

khoreshé bādemjoon

khoreshé ghormé sabzi

‫ﺧﻮرِش ﺑﺎدِﻣﺠﺎن‬

ghormeh sabzi (green stew)

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮرِش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬

eggplant stew

chelō kabob kabob and rice

‫ﭼﻠﻮ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ِ

END OF LESSON 59

joojé kabob chicken kabob

‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ِ joojé kabob bā ostokhoon chicken kabob with bone

Pronunciation Guide:

‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﮐ َﺒﺎب ﺑﺎ اُﺳﺘُﺨﻮان‬ ِ

a

short a

like in hat

sardee va garmee

ā

long a

like in not

‫ﺳﺮدی و ﮔَﺮﻣ‬ َ

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

nooshé jān

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

hotness and coldness

may it nourish your soul

‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬

Lesson 60: Transition to Persian Poetry Pronunciation Guide:

a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Sohrab Sepehri is one of Iranʼs most revered modern poets. He was born in 1928 in the city of Kashan, which he o en refers to in his poetry, and died in Tehran in 1980 from complications from

Lesson 61: Sohrab Sepehri Dar Golestāné Introduction

leukemia. In addition to being a master poet, he was a master contemporary artist as well. In both his poetry and art, his favorite subject was nature and core human values. Like many famous Persian poets, he was well versed in Sufism, the mystical

For the guide of this lesson, we will present the original Persian

sect of Islam, but he was also extremely knowledgeable in other

text of the portion of the poem in its entirety, followed by the

traditions as well, such as Buddhism, transcendentalism, and

phonetic English version of the poem in its entirety so you can

mysticism in general. He o en weaves mystic philosophies

follow along. A erwards, we will provide a translation of the

throughout his poetry.

poem line by line. Please remember this lesson is simply the intro to the poem. In the next few lessons, we will be learning all the vocabulary associated with this poem along with other words and phrases you might need to know to understand it. For now, simply read along with the poem and try to understand the feeling and sentiments behind the words. In the following weeks, try to memorize the portions of the poem we will be going over.

ABOUT THE POET:

Dar Golestan is one of his most famous poems, and is a poem about the triumph and endurance of life and those that live it.

‫دَر ﮔُﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﻓَﺮاخ‬ ِ ‫دَﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺑُﻠَﻨﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ُ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋَﻠَﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬ ِ ‫دَر ﮔﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ...

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫آری‬

‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬  ‫ﺧﻮاب دَم‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫ﺜﻞ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ

‫ﻫﺪ‬ َ ‫ ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬ ِ ‫و‬

‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬ َ ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬

‫ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬،‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬

tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard. dar delé man cehezee hast, meslé yek beesheyé noor, meslé khābé damé sobh va chenān beetābam, ké delam meekhāhad bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā saré kooh. doorhā āvāyeest, ké marā meekhānad dar golestāné in the place of flowers

‫دَر ﮔُﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ dashthāyee ché farākh meadows so vast

dar golestāné

‫دَ ﺷت ھﺎﯾﯽ ِﭼﮫ َﻓراخ‬

dashthāyee ché farāgh

koohhāyee ché boland

koohhāyee ché boland dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad

mountains so high

‫ﭼﻪ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad

...

in the place of flowers, there was such a smell of grass

zendegee khālee neest

ُ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋَﻠَﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬ ِ ‫دَر ﮔﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬

mehrabānee hast, seeb hast, eemān hast. āree

zendegee bāyad kard zendegee khālee neest

one must live

life is not empty

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

dar delé man cheezee hast

mehrabānee hast

in my heart, there is something

there is kindness

‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ َ

meslé yek beesheyé noor like a grove of light

seeb hast there are apples

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬ eemān hast there is faith

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻤﺎن‬ āree yes

‫ﺜﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬ ِ ِ‫ﻣ‬ meslé khābé damé sobh like the sleep of the early morning

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﺜﻞ ﺧﻮاب دَم‬ ِ ِ‫ﻣ‬ va chenān beetābam and I am so restless/impatient

‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬ ِ ‫و‬

‫آری‬

ké delam meekhāhad

tā shaghāyegh hast

‫ﻫﺪ‬ َ ‫ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬

as long as there are poppies

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬

that my heart wants to

‫ﮔِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬

bedavam tā tahé dasht run to the end of the meadow

‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬ َ ِ‫ﺑ‬ beravam tā saré kooh go to the top of the mountain

‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬ َ ‫ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬ doorhā āvāyeest in the distance there is a voice

‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬ ké marā meekhānad that is calling me

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

zendegee life

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ‬

Lesson 62: Sohrab Sepehri - Dar Golestāné, Part 2

khālee empty

‫ﺧﺎﻟ‬

In this lesson, we go over the ʻmiddle sectionʼ of our selection of this poem. We covered the general meaning and feelings of

neest

the poem in the last lesson, and in this lesson we go a bit

is not

more in depth.

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ .‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫آری‬

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

IS NOT Neest is the word for ʻis notʼ and can be used in vastly different contexts. Letʼs learn a few ways to use this word:

‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬

sard neest

zendegee khālee neest

It is not cold

mehrabānee hast, seeb ast, eemān hast. āree tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard.

‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ َ jedee neest It is not serious

‫ﺟﺪی ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ِ

khoob neest

eemān hast

It is not good

(there) is faith

‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫اﯾﻤﺎن‬

ketabé man neest

āree

It is not my book

yes!

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫آری‬

IS

tā

Hast by contrast is the third person conjugation for boodan or ʻto be.ʼ It could mean ʻit isʼ but in this context it means ʻthere is.ʼ

until (as long as)

‫ﺗﺎ‬ shaghāyegh

hast

poppy flowers

is

‫ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ

bāyad

mehrabānee hast

must

(there) is kindness

‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮَﺑﺎﻧ‬ َ

kard

seeb hast (there) are apples

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬

do

‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

kardan to do

‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

dar delé man cehezee hast, meslé yek beesheyé noor, meslé khābé damé sobh va chenān beetābam, ké delam meekhāhad

Lesson 63: Sohrab Sepehri - Dar Golestāné, Part 3

bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā saré kooh. doorhā āvāyeest, ké marā meekhānad dar in

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬. َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫آری‬

‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬  ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ ﻣِﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬،‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ‫دَم‬

‫ﻫﺪ‬ َ ‫ ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬ ِ ‫و‬

‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬ َ ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬

‫ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬،‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬ zendegee khālee neest mehrabānee hast, seeb hast, eemān hast. āree tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard.

‫در‬ del heart

‫دِل‬ delé man my heart

‫دِل ﻣَﻦ‬ cheezee something

‫ﭼﯿﺰی‬ dar delé man cheezee hast There is something in my heart

‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬

noor light

‫ﻧﻮر‬

LIKE:

Note: The device used here to provide a description called an meslé

ezafé, which is the é sound in beeshey-é noor. You can learn

like

about it in detail in Lesson 24 of Chai and Conversation. But,

‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬

basically, it is used to link a descriptive word to a noun. So the

In English, when you see the word ʻlikeʼ in a poem, it is o en accompanied by a simile or metaphor. Similary, in Persian, meslé can be a similar type of clue word. In this poem, the word meslé precedes the poets attempts to describe the feelings in his heart. meslé yek beesheyé noor like a grove of light

‫ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﯾِﮏ‬ ِ ِ

formula is: adjective + é + noun If the adjective ends in a vowel (as is the case with beeshé), the formula is: adjective + yé + noun So in this case, it is beeshé + yé + noor, meaning that the grove is being described as a grove of light.

yek a (one)

‫ﯾِﮏ‬ beesheyé grove

‫ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ‬ ِ

khāb sleep

‫ﺧﻮاب‬ sobh morning

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ

doorhā somewhere in the distance

dam

‫دورﻫﺎ‬

next to

‫دَم‬

ké marā meekhānad

khabé damé sobh

‫ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬

that calls to me

sleep of the early morning

‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﺧﻮاب دَم‬ ِ doorhā āvāyeest in the distance there is a voice

‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

āvā voice

‫آوا‬ door distance

‫دور‬

dasht field ‫دﺷت‬

Lesson 64: Sohrab Sepehri - Dar Golestāné, Part 4 ‫دﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺮاخ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫در ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋﻠﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬ ‫ ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬،‫و ِﭼﻧﺎن ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬ ‫ ِﺑ َر َوم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬،‫ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬

dashthāyee ché farāgh

kooh mountain ‫ﮐوه‬ dashthā fields ‫دﺷت ھﺎ‬  koohhā fields ‫ﮐوه ھﺎ‬ farakh wide

koohhāyee ché boland

‫ﻓراخ‬

dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad

boland

va chenān beetābam, keé delam meekhāhad bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā sareé kooh.  

tall ‫ﺑﻠﻧد‬ dashthāyee ché farakh fields so wide ‫دﺷت ھﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﮫ ﻓراخ‬

koohhāyee ché boland

meeyāmad

mountains so tall

was coming ‫ﻣﯽ آ َﻣد‬

‫ﮐوه ھﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﮫ ﺑﻠﻧد‬ golestāné

chenān

the place of flowers

how

‫ﮔﻠﺳﺗﺎﻧﮫ‬ 

‫ِﭼﻧﺎن‬

boo

va

smell

and

‫ﺑو‬

‫و‬

alaf grass/weeds ‫ﻋﻠف‬ booyé alaf smell of grass/weeds ‫ﺑوی ﻋﻠف‬ ché booyé alafee such a smell of grass ‫ﭼﮫ ﺑوی ﻋﻠﻔﯽ‬

beetābam I am restless/impatient ‫ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬ va chenān beetābam and I am so restless/impatient ‫و ِﭼﻧﺎن ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬ Conversational version: va che beetābam and I am so restless/impatient ‫و ِﭼﮫ ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬

bedavam ké

to run

that

‫ ِﺑدَ َوم‬ 

‫ﮐﮫ‬ delam my heart ‫ِد َﻟم‬ meekhāhad wants ‫ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬ 

Conversational version: bedoam to run (conversational) ‫ ِﺑدَ َوم‬  tā until ‫ﺗﺎ‬

ké delam meekhāhad that my heart wants ‫ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬ 

tah the end ‫ َﺗﮫ‬ 

Conversational version: ké delam meekhāhad that my heart wants ‫ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬ 

tā tahé dasht until the end of the field ‫ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬  sar the head

‫ َﺳر‬ 

‫ ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬ 

saré kooh

beravam tā saré kooh

the top of the mountain

to go to the top of the mountain (conversational)

‫ َﺳر ﮐوه‬ 

‫ ِﺑ َر َوم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬ 

beravam

Conversational version:

to go ‫ ِﺑ َر َوم‬ 

beram tā saré kooh to go to the top of the mountain ‫ ِﺑ َرم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬ 

Conversational version: beram to go (conversational) ‫ ِﺑ َرم‬  bedavam tā taheé dasht to go (conversational) ‫ ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬  Conversational version: bedoam tā taheé dasht to go (conversational)

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﻫﻤﭽﻮ ﺧﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬

Lesson 65: Rumi’s Rooz o Shab, Part 1

rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram rooz ō shab How can I pass these nights and days?

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬ dar havāyat bee gharāram rooz ō shab I am dazed of the thought of you, day and night

jān ō del rā meekhāstand az āsheghān

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

In the path of Love a Lover is asked to give away his heart and

sar zé pāyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab I will place my head at your feet, day and night.

‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

rooz ō shab rā hamchō khod majnoon konam Day and night, I will go mad for you.

his soul.

‫را ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ از ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎن و دل‬

jān ō del rā meesepāram rooz ō shab I offer my heart and soul night and day.

‫ﺟﺎن و دل را ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Lesson 65, has the following as the second line: sar zé kooyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab

Lesson 66: Rumi’s Rooz o Shab, Part 2

I will place my head in your vicinity, day and night.

‫ﺳﺮ ز ﮐﻮﯾَﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

In this lesson, we'll be covering the first two lines of the poem Rooz ō shab

rooz day

‫روز‬

dar havāyat bee gharāram rooz ō shab

shab

I am dazed of the thought of you, day and night

night

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬ dar havāyat night

sar zé pāyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab

‫ﻫﻮاﯾَﺖ‬ َ ‫دَر‬

I will place my head at your feet, day and night.

dar

‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

night

Note: An alternate version of the poem, which we covered in

‫دَر‬

HAVĀ

havā literally means air, but in this context it means so much

beegharār

more. In Sufism, there is little that is more intimate and

without plans

sacred than the breath. Breathing makes us human, and

‫ﻗﺮار‬

connects us to everything and to the divine. There is nothing more intimate than breathing in the air that someone else has breathed out. havā

beegharāram I am without plans

‫ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم‬

air

gharāré beram khooné

‫ﻫﻮا‬ َ

I plan to go home

havāyé tō ---> havāyat ---> havāt

‫ﻗﺮار ﺑِﺮَم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬

full form ---> shortened ---> conversational

gharāré māhi bokhoram

‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

I plan to eat fish

havāto dāram

‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﺎﻫ ﺑُﺨﻮرم‬

I have your air/I have your back

gharār nabood!

‫ﻫﻮاﯾﺘﻮ دارَم‬

This was not the plan!

dar havāyat

‫ﻗﺮار ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬

In your air

een kār gharār nabood!

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ‬

This was not the plan!

gharār plans

‫ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار‬

 ‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﻗﺮار ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬

dar havāyat bee gharāram

zé

In your air/In your presence, I am without a plan

from

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم‬

‫ز‬

sar

sar zé pāyat

head

my head from your foot

‫ﺳﺮ‬ َ

‫ﺳﺮ ز ِ ﭘﺎﯾَﺖ‬ َ

pā

sar zé pāyat bar nadāram

foot

I will not li my head from your foot

‫ﭘﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم‬

pāyat

kooy

your foot

alley/suburb

‫ﭘﺎﯾَﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻮی‬

pāyé tō ---> pāyat ---> pāt

sar zé kooyat bar nadāram

full form ---> shortened ---> conversational

I will not li my head from your vicinity

‫ﺳﺮ ز ﮐﻮﯾَﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم‬ az from

‫اَز‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺷﺐ‬ ō and

Lesson 67: Rumi’s Rooz o Shab, Part 3 rooz ō shab rā hamchō khod majnoon konam Day and night, I will go mad for you.

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﻫﻤﭽﻮ ﺧﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬

rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram rooz ō shab

‫و‬ va and

‫و‬ rooz ō shab day and night

‫روز و ﺷﺐ‬ rooz va shab day and night

How can I pass these nights and days?

‫روز و ﺷﺐ‬

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

majnoon

rooz day

crazy/mad

‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮن‬

‫روز‬

khod

shab

‫ﺧُﺪ‬

night

self

bokonam

hamchō

I am going to do

thus

‫ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﻢ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮ‬ َ

konam

kay

I am going to do (conversational)

when

‫ﮐ‬

‫ﮐ ُﻨﻢ‬ meekhām

gozāram

I want to

should I put/place

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

‫ﮔﺬارم‬

meekhām hamoom konam

kay gozāram

I want to take a shower

when should I place

‫ﻫﻤﻮم ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬

‫ﮐ ﮔﺬارم‬

khod majnoon konam

rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram

to make myself crazy

when should I put day and night

‫ﺧُﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم‬

hamchenoon thus

‫ﻤﭽﻨﻮن‬ َ ِ ‫ﻫ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺟﺎن‬ del heart

Lesson 68: Rumi’s Rooz o Shab, Part 4 jān ō del rā meekhāstand az āsheghān In the path of Love a Lover is asked to give away his heart and his soul.

‫را ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ از ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎن و دل‬

‫دل‬ Leyla jān Leyla dear

‫ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن‬ āsheghān lovers

 ‫ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬ meekhāstand

jān ō del rā meesepāram rooz ō shab I offer my heart and soul night and day.

‫ﺟﺎن و دل را ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

they wanted/requested

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬ az from

 ‫از‬ meesepāram I surrender

jān soul

‫ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

khabaré mā rā bā khod khāhad bord bé shahr That crow which flew over our heads and descended into the disturbed thought

Lesson 69: Forough Farrokhzad - Fathe Bagh, Part 1

of a vagabond cloud and the sound of which traversed he breadth of the horizon like a short spear will carry the news of us to the city.

‫آن ﮐﻼﻏ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫از ﻓﺮاز ﺳﺮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫و ﻓﺮو رﻓﺖ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ آﺷﻔﺘﮥ اﺑﺮی وﻟﮕﺮد‬ ‫ ﭘﻬﻨﺎی اﻓﻖ را ﭘﯿﻤﻮد‬، ‫و ﺻﺪاﯾﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻧﯿﺰۀ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ān kalāghy ké pareed as farāzé saré mā va foroo ra dar andeesheyé āshoféeye abree velgard va sedāyash hamchon neyzeyé kootāhee, pahnāyé ofogh rā paymood

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ از آن روزﻧﮥ ﺳﺮد ﻋﺒﻮس‬ ‫ﺑﺎغ را دﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫و از آن ﺷﺎﺧﮥ ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮ دور از دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺐ را ﭼﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬

hamé meedānand

hamé meedānand ké man ō tō az ān rozaneyé sardé aboos

hamé meetarsand

bāgh rā deedeyeem

hamé meetarsand

va az ān shākheyé bāzeegar door az dast

amā man o tō

seeb rā cheedeyeem

bā cherāgh o āb o āyeené payvasteem va natarseedeem

Everyone knows, everyone knows that you and I have seen the garden from that cold sullen window and that we have plucked the apple from that playful, hard-to-reach branch.

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮاغ و آب و آﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬ ‫و ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬

Everyone is afraid everyone is afraid, but you and I joined with the lamp and water and mirror and we were not afraid.

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬

‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬ sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō

I am not talking about the flimsy linking

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree va derakhsheedané oryāneemān meslé falsé māheehā dar āb sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad

of two names and embracing in the old pages of a ledger. I'm talking about my fortunate tresses with the burnt anemone of your kiss

and the intimacy of our bodies, and the glow of our nakedness like fish scales in the water. I am talking about the silvery life of a song which a small fountain sings at dawn.

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺎدر آن ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺳﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯽ از ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺷﺎن وﺣﺸ‬ ‫و در آن درﯾﺎی ﻣﻀﻄﺮب ﺧﻮﻧﺴﺮد‬

‫از ﺻﺪفﻫﺎی ﭘﺮ از ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ‬ ‫و در آن ﮐﻮه ﻏﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‬ ‫از ﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎن ﺟﻮان ﭘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﺮد‬ mā dar ān jangalé sabz seeyāl shaby az khargooshān vahshee va dar ān daryāyé moztarebé khoonsard

on that strange overwhelming mountain what should be done.

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ ره ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﯾﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاب ﺳﺮد و ﺳﺎﮐﺖ ﺳﯿﻤﺮﻏﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ را در ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﯾﻢ‬ ‫در ﻧﮕﺎه ﺷﺮمآﮔﯿﻦ ﮔﻠ ﮔﻤﻨﺎم‬

az sadafhāyé por az morvāreed

‫و ﺑﻘﺎ را در ﯾﮏ ﻟﺤﻈﮥ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود‬

va dar ān koohé ghareeb fath

‫ﮐﻪ دو ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﯿﺮه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬

az oghāban javān porseedeem

hamé meedānand

ké ché bāyad kard

hamé meedānand mā dar khābé sard ō saketé seemorghān, rah yā é-eem

we asked wild rabbits one night in that green flowing forest and shells full of pearls in that turbulent cold blooded sea and the young eagles

mā hagheeghat rā dar bāghché paydā kardeem dar negahé sharmāgeen golee gomnām va baghā rā dar yek lahzé nāmahdood

kê dō khorsheed bé ham kheeré shodand

Everyone knows, everyone knows we have found our way Into the cold, quiet dream of phoenixes: we found truth in the garden In the embarrassed look of a nameless flower, and we found permanence In an endless moment when two suns stared at each other.

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

hamé everyone

‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬

Lesson 70: Forough Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, Part 2

meetarsand is afraid

‫ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬ amā

hamé meetarsand

but

everyone is afraid

‫اﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬

man

amā man o tō

me

but you and I

‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬

tō

bé cherāgh o āb o āyeené payvasteem

you (informal)

joined with the lamp and water and mirror

‫ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮاغ و آب و آﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬

ō

va natarseedeem

and

and we were not afraid

‫و‬

‫و ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬

bé to

‫ﺑﻪ‬

natarseedeem we were not afraid

cherāgh

‫ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬

light

‫ﭼﺮاغ‬ āb water

‫آب‬ āyeené mirror

‫آﯾﻨﻪ‬ payvasteem we joined

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō

Lesson 71: Forough Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, Part 3 ‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬

I am not talking about the flimsy linking of two names and embracing in the old pages of a ledger. I'm talking about my fortunate tresses with the burnt anemone of your kiss

sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām I am not talking about the flimsy linking of two names

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬ va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest and embracing in the old pages of a ledger

‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast

I'm talking about my fortunate tresses

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬ bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō with the burnt anemone of your kiss

‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬ sokhan speech/talk

‫ﺳﺨﻦ‬ sost numb

‫ﺳﺴﺖ‬ ُ dō nām two names

‫دو ﻧﺎم‬ dō two

‫دو‬ nām names

payvandé sosté dō nām the numb joining of two names

‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬ va and

‫و‬ hamāghooshee embracing

‫ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ‬ orāgh papers

‫اوراق‬ kohné ragged/old

‫ﮐﻬﻨﮥ‬

‫ﻧﺎم‬

da ar

payvand

‫دﻓﺘﺮ‬

joining

‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ‬

ledger

dar in

‫در‬

ast

neest

‫اﺳﺖ‬

is not

is

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

shaghāyegh

geesoo

‫ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖ‬

hair

poppy

‫ﮔﯿﺴﻮ‬

boos

mo

‫ﺑﻮس‬

hair

kiss

‫ﻣﻮ‬

booseyé tō

khosbakht

‫ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬

lucky/happy

your kiss

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ‬

sookhté

geesooyé khoshbakht

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

happy hair

‫ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ‬ man me

‫ﻣﻦ‬

burnt

shaghāyeghhyé booseyé tō the burnt anemone of your kiss

‫ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬

and the intimacy of our bodies, and the glow of our nakedness

LESSON 72

like fish scales in the water. I am talking about the silvery life of a song

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree

which a small fountain sings at dawn.

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree and the intimacy of our bodies

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ va derakhsheedané oryāneemān and the glow of our nakedness

‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ meslé falsé māheehā dar āb like fish scales in the water

va derakhsheedané oryāneemān

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬

meslé falsé māheehā dar āb

sameemeyat

sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad

intimacy

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ doosté sameemee intimate friend

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ tan body

oryāneemān our nakedness

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

derakhsheedan

tan hāmān

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

our bodies

glowing

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

derakhsheedané oryāneemān

dar

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

in

the glowing of our nakedness

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

meslé

dar tarāree

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

in playfullness

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ va and

like

fels scales

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

māhi

oryānee

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

naked

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

fish

māhihā fishes

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ dar āb in water

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ dar in

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ āb water

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

and the intimacy of our bodies, in playfulness and the glow of our nakedness

Lesson 72: Forough Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, Part 4 ‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬

like fish scales in the water.

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree and the intimacy of our bodies, in playfullness

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ va derakhsheedané oryāneemān and the glow of our nakedness

‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ meslé falsé māheehā dar āb

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree

like fish scales in the water.

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ sameemeeyat

va derakhsheedané oryāneemān meslé falsé māheehā dar āb

intimacy

‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ‬ doosté sameemee intimate friend

‫دوﺳﺘِﻪ ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ‬

sameemee intimate

‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤ‬ tan body

‫ﺗ َﻦ‬ tan hāmān our bodies

‫ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ sameemeeyaté tan hāmān the intimacy of our bodies

‫در ﻃﺮاری‬ va and

‫و‬ oryānee naked

‫ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧ‬ oryāneeman our nakedness

‫ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬

‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬

darakhsheedan

dar

‫درﺧﺸﯿﺪن‬

in

glowing

‫در‬

derakhsheedané oryāneemān

tarāree

‫درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬

playfulness

the glowing of our nakedness

‫ﻃﺮاری‬

meslé

dar tarāree

‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬

in playfulness

like

fels

āb

scales

water

‫ﻓﻠﺲ‬

‫آب‬

māhi fish

‫ﻣﺎﻫ‬ māhihā the fishes

‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ‬ felsé māhihā fish scales

‫ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ‬ dar in

‫در‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

az of

‫از‬

Lesson 73: Forough Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, Part 5

zendegee life

‫زﻧﺪﮔ‬ noghreyee silvery

sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest

‫ﻧﻘﺮهای‬

I am talking about the silvery life of a song

āvāz

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬

song

ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad

‫آواز‬

which a small fountain sings at dawn

āvāzeest = āvāzee hast

‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬

a song is

hamé meetarsand

‫آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬

everyone is afraid

zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬

the silvery life of a song

sokhan

‫زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬

the topic/speech

favāré

‫ﺳﺨﻦ‬

fountain

‫ﻓﻮارۀ‬

‫ﮐ َﻼغ‬

koochak

oghāb

small

eagle

‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬

‫ﻋُﻘﺎب‬

favāreyé koochak

seemorgh

a small fountain

"phoenix"

‫ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬

‫ﺳﯿﻤُﺮغ‬

sahar gāhān early in the morning

‫ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن‬ sahar dawn

‫ﺳﺤﺮ‬ meekhānad sings

‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬ kalāgh crow

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Edward Fitzgerald translation:

Lesson 74: Khayyam khosh bāsh, Part 1

Khayyam, if you are drunk with wine, be happy. If you have sat with a beloved who has a face like the moon, be happy.

‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

Since the end of the affairs of the world is nothingness,

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺧ اﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

suppose that you are not, but while you are, be happy

‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﮐﺎر ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﮕﺎر ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘ ﭼﻮ ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh chon āghebaté kāré jahān neestee hast engār ké neestee, chō hastee, khosh bāsh

bāsh be (second person informal)

‫ﺑﺎش‬

Lesson 75: Khayyam khosh bāsh, Part 2 ‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺧ اﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

kosh glad/content/happy

‫ﺧﻮش‬ kosh bāsh be glad/happy

‫ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh

khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh

Khayyam, if you are drunk off wine, be glad/content

bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh

‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ agar if

Edward Fitzgerald translation: Khayyam, if you are drunk with wine, be happy. If you have sat with a beloved who has a face like the moon, be happy.

‫اَﮔﺮ‬ bāsh be (second person informal)

‫ﺑﺎش‬ zé of

ِ‫ز‬ az of

‫اَز‬ bādé wine

agar az sharāb mastee if you are drunk of wine

‫اﮔﺮ اَز ﺷَ ﺮاب ﻣﺴﺘ‬ māh moon

‫ﻣﺎه‬

‫ﺑﺎدِه‬

rokh

mast

‫رُخ‬

drunk

‫ﻣَﺴﺖ‬ mastee you are drunk

‫ﻣَﺴﺘ‬ agar zé bādé mastee if you are drunk off wine

‫اَﮔﺮ ز ِ ﺑﺎدِه ﻣَﺴﺘ‬ sharāb wine

‫ﺷَ ﺮاب‬

face

māh rokh moon face

‫ﻣﺎه رُخ‬ māh rokhee a moon face

‫ﻣﺎه رُﺧ‬ lālé rokhee tulip faced girl

‫ﻻﻟِﻪ رُﺧ‬ bā māh rokhee agar neshastee if you are sitting next to a moon faced girl

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ اَﮔَﺮ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬

‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬

neshastee you are sitting

‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬ agar bā māh rokhee neshastee If you are sitting next to a moon faced girl

‫اَﮔَﺮﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬ bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh If you are sitting next to a moon faced girl, be happy/content

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ اَﮔَﺮ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ neshastee you are sitting

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

neestee not being

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬

Lesson 76: Khayyam khosh bāsh, Part 3 chon āghebaté kāré jahān neestee hast

‫ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اَﺳﺖ‬ ِ َ ‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬ Since the end of the affairs of the world is nothingness engār ké neestee, chō hastee, khosh bāsh

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ َ ‫ ﭼﻮ‬، ‫اِﻧﮕﺎر ﮐِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬ suppose that you are not, but while you are, be happy rubāyiāt Rubayiat

‫رُﺑَﺎﻋﯿﺎت‬ hastee being

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ َ

āghebat conclusion

‫ﻋﺎﻗِﺒَﺖ‬ kār work

‫ﮐﺎر‬ āghebaté kāré jahān the conclusion of the work of the world

‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ِ َ ‫ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬ َ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬ jahān the world

‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ َ chon because

‫ﭼﻮن‬

chon āghebaté kāré jahān

chō hastee, khosh bāsh

the conclusion of the work of the world

because you are, be glad

‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ِ َ ‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬ َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ َ ‫ﭼﻮ‬

neestee hast is to not be

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اﺳﺖ‬ engār it's as if

‫اِﻧﮕﺎر‬ ké that

‫ﮐِﻪ‬ chō (chon) because

‫ﭼﻮ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Lesson 77: Animals (Vocabulary Sprint) hayvoonāt

horse

asb

‫اَﺳﺐ‬

bear

khers

‫ﺧﺮس‬ ِ  

frog

ghoorbāghé

‫ﻗﻮرﺑﺎﻏِﻪ‬ 

cat

gorbé

‫ﮔُﺮﺑِﻪ‬

animals

peeshee

‫ﻫِﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ hayvoon

dog

animal

‫ﻫِﯿﻮان‬

‫ﭘﯿﺸ‬

sag

‫ﺳﮓ‬ َ

hāpoo

‫ﻫﺎﭘﻮ‬

bear

khers

‫ﺧﺮس‬ ٍ

sheep

barré

‫ﺑَﺮِه‬ 

bird

parandé

‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬

lizard

mārmoolak

‫ﻣﺎرﻣﻮﻟَﮏ‬ 

joojoo

‫ﺟﻮﺟﻮ‬

snake

mār

joojé

‫ﻣﺎر‬ 

‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ِ

alligator

soosmār

‫ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎر‬ 

mouse

moosh

‫ﻣﻮش‬ 

duck

ordak

‫اُردَک‬ 

rabbit

khargoosh

‫ﺧَﺮﮔﻮش‬ 

giraffe

zarāfé

‫زَراﻓِﻪ‬ 

donkey

khar

‫ﺧَﺮ‬ 

pig

khook

‫ﺧﻮک‬ 

cow

gāv

‫ﮔﺎو‬

lion

sheer

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ 

butterfly

parvāné

‫ﭘَﺮواﻧِﻪ‬ 

turtle

lākposht

‫ﻻک ﭘُﺸﺖ‬ 

elephant

feel

‫ﻓﯿﻞ‬ 

crab

kharchang

‫ﭼﻨﮓ‬ َ ‫ﺧَﺮ‬ 

peeshee, doosté man meeshee? Kitty, will you be my friend?

‫ دوﺳﺘِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺸ ؟‬، ‫ﭘﯿﺸ‬ goosh ear

‫ﮔﻮش‬

BONUS VOCAB (inquiring minds like to know): chicken

morgh

‫ﻣُﺮغ‬

owl

joghd

‫ﺟُﻐﺪ‬

swan

ghoo

‫ﻗﻮ‬ 

bee

zanboor

‫زَﻧﺒﻮر‬ 

camel

shotor

‫ﺷُ ﺘُﺮ‬ 

rooster

khoroos

‫ﺧُﺮوس‬ 

worm

kerm

‫ﮐِﺮم‬ 

tiger

babr

‫ﺑَﺒﺮ‬ 

bat

khof-fāsh

‫ﺧُﻔﺎش‬

ā

long a

like in not

whale

nahang

‫ﻧَﻬَﻨﮓ‬ 

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

Lesson 78: Colors (Vocabulary Sprint)

green

sabz

‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬ َ

purple

banafsh

 ‫ﺑَﻨَﻔﺶ‬

white

sefeed

 ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ِ

black

seeyāh

‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬

rang

meshkee

color

‫رَﻧﮓ‬ ranghā colors

‫رَﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬

COMMON COLORS: brown red

yellow

ghahveyee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه ای‬

ghermez

‫ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬

sorkh

‫ﺳﺮخ‬ ُ

zard

 ‫زَرد‬

‫ﻣِﺸﮑ‬

gold

talā

‫ﻃَﻼﯾﯽ‬

orange

nāranjee

  ‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﺠ‬

gray

khākestaree

 ‫ﺧﺎﮐِﺴﺘَﺮی‬

pink

sooratee

  ‫ﺻﻮرَﺗ‬

silver

noghreyee

 ‫ﻧ ُﻘﺮه ِ ای‬

INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY: ghāhvé coffee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬

āb

soorat

water

face

‫آب‬

‫ﺻﻮرَت‬

sabzee

noghré

herbs

silver

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ

‫ﻧ ُﻘﺮه‬

banfshé violet flower

‫ﻔﺸﻪ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺑَﻨ‬ talā gold

‫ﻃَﻼ‬ nārangee mandarin orange

‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﮕ‬ khākestar ashes

‫ﺧﺎﮐِﺴﺘَﺮ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

fasl season

‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬

Lesson 79: Time and Date (Vocabulary Sprint) TIME AND DATE:

bahār spring

‫ﺑَﻬﺎر‬ tābestoon

Note: There are two different words for 'time'- one is more of

summer

a finite notion of time, or vakht, and another is more of an

‫ﺗﺎﺑِﺴﺘﺎن‬

eternal concept of time, zamān. vakht time

‫وَﻗﺖ‬ zamān time

‫زَﻣﺎن‬ tāreekh date

‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬

SEASONS:

pāyeez fall

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ‬ zemestoon winter

‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬

MEASUREMENTS OF TIME: sāl year

‫ﺳﺎل‬

māh

roozhāyé ha é

month

days of the week

‫ﻣﺎه‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬

ha é

Pronuncation Note: When you read the word for Saturday, it is

week

actually shanbé. This is the word on which all the other days

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ َ

(except Friday) are based. However, in conversational Persian,

rooz day

‫روز‬

it's pronounced with a 'm' sound, or shambé. So, to stay true to our conversational spirit, this is how we teach it in Chai and Conversation. doshambé

sā'at

Monday

hour

‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

seshambé

dayeeghé

Tuesday

minute

‫ﺳﻬﺸَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬ ِ

‫دَﻗﯿﻘِﻪ‬

chārshambé

sāneeyé

Wednesday

second

‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ ِ

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿِﻪ‬

DAYS OF THE WEEK:

panjshambé Thursday

‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬

jomé

ākharé ha é

Friday

weekend

‫ﻌﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

shambé Saturday

‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ yekshambé Sunday

‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ jomé tateelé Friday is off

‫ﻄﯿﻞ‬ َ ‫ﻌﻪ ﺗ‬ ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬ ِ vasaté ha é weekday

‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻂ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ َ‫و‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

seer garlic

‫ﺳﯿﺮ‬

Lesson 80: Nowruz (Vocabulary Sprint) Nowruz nowruz

‫ﻧﻮروز‬ Nowruz celebration aidé nowruz

‫ﻋﯿﺪ ِ ﻧﻮروز‬

HAFT SEEN TABLE:

senjed Persian olive

‫ﻨﺠﺪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ somāgh sumac

‫ﺳﻤﺎق‬ ُ serké vinegar

‫ﺳﺮﮐِﻪ‬ ِ sabzé

sofreyé ha seen

wheatgrass

ha seen table

‫ﺳﺒﺰِه‬ َ

‫ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻔﺮِه‬ ُ

samanoo

seeb

sweet pudding made from wheat germ

apple

‫ﺳﻤَﻨﻮ‬ َ

‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬

aidee

nowruz mobārak

gi

happy nowruz

‫ﻋﯿﺪی‬

‫ﻧﻮروز ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬

aidé shomā mobārak

sabzee polō bā māhi

happy nowruz

herb rice and fish

‫ﻋﯿﺪ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬

‫ﺳﺒﺰی ﭘُﻠﻮﻣﺎﻫ‬

ātash

seezdah bedar

fire

13th day

‫آﺗ َﺶ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺰدَه ﺑِﺪ‬

deed ō bāz deed to see and see again

‫دﯾﺪ و ﺑﺎز دﯾﺪ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

khooné takoonee shaking of the house

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﺗ َﮑﻮﻧ‬ lebasé nōw new clothes

‫ﻟِﺒﺎس ﻧﻮ‬

Vaseeleyé naghleeyé doesn't cover modes of getting around such as walking, so ra ō āmad is a broader and more general term. Also, lucky for us, it doesn't have either of the difficult

Lesson 81: Transportation (Vocabulary Sprint)

gh or kh sounds, so that is a bonus. āmad coming

‫آﻣَﺪ‬

TRANSPORTATION:

ra going

First, let's go over the word for 'transportation' in Persian. The

‫رَﻓﺖ‬

more 'official' word for this topic is: vaseeleyé naghleeyé transportation

‫وَﺳﯿﻠِﻪ ﻧ َﻘﻠﯿِﻪ‬

VEHICLES OF TRANSPORTATION: dockharkhé

This translates literally to something along the lines of

bicycle

'vessels of transportation,' and isn't used very o en in

‫ﺧﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫دو‬

conversation. In this lesson, we want to cover different modes of 'getting around,' so instead, let's learn a term that has a meaning more along those lines, and that is: ra ō āmad going and coming

‫رَﻓﺖ و آﻣَﺪ‬

Note: Thought docharkhé is the official word for a bike, it could also be reduced to charkh, which literally means 'wheel.'

charkh

havā paymā

bike

airplane

‫ﭼﺮخ‬ َ

‫ﻫﻮاﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬ َ

secharkhé

peeyādé

tricycle

‫ﺧﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ Note: There are several different words for 'car' in Persian, just as there are in English (automobile, car, vehicle, etc.). The most 'Iranian' word is khod rō which literally means moving by itself, but this is also the least used word. māsheen car

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ otomobeel car

‫اﺗﻮﻣُﺒﯿﻞ‬ khod rō car

‫ﺧﻮدرو‬

by foot

‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه‬ heleecoopter helicopter

‫ﻫِﻠ ﮐﻮﭘﺘِﺮ‬ teran train

‫ﺗِﺮَن‬ ghatār train

‫ﻗَﻄﺎر‬ otoboos bus

‫اُﺗﻮﺑﻮس‬

tāxee

charkh savāree

taxi

bike riding

‫ﺗﺎﮐﺴ‬

‫ﺳﻮاری‬ َ َ ‫ﭼﺮخ‬

ghāyegh

masheen savāree

boat

riding a car

‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬

‫ﺳﻮاری‬ َ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

keshtee

rānandegee kardan

ship

driving

‫ﮐِﺸﺘ‬

‫راﻧ َﻨﺪِﮔ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

mooshak

rāh paymāyee

rocket

walking

‫ﻣﻮﺷَ ﮏ‬

‫راه ﭘِﯿﻤﺎی‬

metrō

peeyādé ravee

underground

walking

‫ﻣِﺗرو‬

‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه‬

THE ACT OF GETTING AROUND (ACTION WORDS):

rāh ra an walking

‫راه رَﻓﺘَﻨﺮَوی‬

parvāz kardan flying

‫ﭘَﺮواز ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ ghāyegh savaree boat riding

‫ﺳﻮاری‬ َ ‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬

BONUS WORDS (inquiring minds want to know): The following words are associated with the topic of transportation, but were not covered in the lesson. motorceeclet motorcycle

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺳﯿﮑﻠِﺖ‬ naghshé map

PATHS OF TRANSPORTATION: peeyādé rō sidewalk

‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه رو‬ kheeyāboon street

‫َﻘﺸﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻧ‬ eskee skiing

‫اِﺳﮑ‬ āmboolance ambulance

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن‬

‫آﻣﺒﻮﻻﻧﺲ‬

eestgāh

kāmyoon

station/bus stop

‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬

truck

‫ﮐﺎﻣﯿﻮن‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Note: The word for cooking in Persian literally means 'soup cooking' and the word for cook is literally 'soup cooker'.

Lesson 82: Food (Vocabulary Sprint) FOOD AND COOKING: ghazā food

‫ﻏَﺬا‬ ghazāhā foods

‫ﻏَﺬاﻫﺎ‬ āsh paz cook

‫آﺷﭙَﺰ‬

DIFFERENT MEALS OF THE DAY: sobhāné breakfast

‫ﺻﺒﻬﺎﻧِﻪ‬ ُ nāhār lunch

‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬ shām dinner

‫ﺷﺎم‬ asrooné a ernoon snack

‫ﻋَﺼﺮوﻧِﻪ‬

āsh pazee cooking

‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬

SOME DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOODS:

polō

noosheedanee

rice

drink

‫ﭘُﻠﻮ‬

‫ﺪﻧ‬ َ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬

polõ khoresh

chāyee

rice and stew

tea

‫ﭘُﻠﻮ ﺧﻮرِﺷﺖ‬

‫ﭼﺎی‬

ghormé sabzee

ghahvé

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ َ ‫ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬

coffee

fesenjoon

‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬

‫ﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬

āb

tah deeg bottom of the pot

‫ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮓ‬ sālād salad

water

‫آب‬ doogh (a yogurt drink)

‫دوغ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻻد‬

sodā

desser

‫ﺳﻮدا‬

dessert

‫ﺳﺮ‬ ِ ِ‫د‬

soda

kabāb

asal

kabab

honey

‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬

‫ﺴﻞ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

chelokabāb

morabā

rice and kabab

jam

‫ﭼﻠﻮ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ِ

‫ﻣُﺮَﺑﺎ‬

tanagholāt

gerdoo

snacks

‫ﺗَﻨَﻘُﻼت‬

walnut

‫ﮔِﺮدو‬

meevé fruit

‫ﻣﯿﻮِه‬ sheereenee sweets

‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬ noon ō paneer bread and cheese

‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬

NEEDED TO EAT FOOD: gāshogh spoon

‫ﻗﺎﺷُ ﻖ‬ changāl fork

‫ﭼﻨﮕﺎل‬ َ

kārd

mehmoonee

knife

party

‫ﮐﺎرد‬

‫ﻣِﻬﻤﺎﻧ‬

boshghāb

ghazāyé khoonegee

plate

home food

‫ﺑُﺸﻘﺎب‬

‫َﺬای ﺧﺎﻧِﮕ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬

kāsé

restoorān

bowl

restaurant

‫ﮐﺎﺳﻪ‬ ِ

‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬

dasmāl napkin

‫دَﺳﺘﻤﺎل‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation note: The word dasmāl is actually dast-māl, literally hand rubber. But, when pronounced, the 't' gets dropped and it is pronounced dasmāl.

MISCELLANEOUS FOOD RELATED WORDS:

DIFFERENT EMOTIONS: hāl feeling

Lesson 83: Emotion (Vocabulary Sprint) FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS: ehsāsāt emotions

‫ﻫﺎل‬ Note: Hāl literally means something along the lines of condition or 'state' in the Persian language, and it's used to ask the very important question of 'how are you.' 'How are you' literally translates to 'how is your condition' or 'how is your state of being.' Hāl is very in the moment. hālet chetoré

‫اِﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬

how are you feeling?

por ehsās

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ‫ﻫﺎﻟِﺖ‬

emotional

khoshhāl

‫ﭘُﺮ اِﺣﺴﺎس‬

happy

ehsāsātee

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

emotional

ghamgeen

‫اِﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎﺗ‬

sad

bee ehsās

‫ﻏَﻤﮕﯿﻦ‬

without emotions (cold)

Note: If you want to say 'I am happy' when someone asks you

‫ﺑﯽ اِﺣﺴﺎس‬

how you are doing or hālet chetoré, you add an -am to the end of the word. So khoshhāl becomes khoshhāl-am. To get a

more thorough lesson on this, check out Lesson 1 of Chai and Conversation.

depressed ārām

‫ﻓﺴﺮدِه‬ ُ َ‫ا‬

calm

shād

‫آرام‬ asabee nervous

‫ﺼﺒﯽ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

happy

‫ﺷﺎد‬ khandé laughter

asabānee

‫ﺧَﻨﺪِه‬

angy

geryé

‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬

tears

asab

‫ﮔِﺮﯾِﻪ‬

nerves

khosh akhlāgh

‫ﺼﺐ‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬ Note: Both the word for nervous, asabee, and angry, asabānee, are rooted in the word for nerves, asab. It's interesting that in the Persian language, there's a direct line between the feeling of anger and the nervous system of the body.

afsordé

good attitude

‫ﺧﻮش اَﺧﻼق‬ bad akhlāgh bad attitude

‫ﺑَﺪ اَﺧﻼق‬

bā hoselé

doost dāshtanee

with patience

loving

‫ﺣﻮﺻﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ِ bee hoselé without patience

‫ﺣﻮﺻﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ِ

‫دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘَﻨ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

doost dāshtan liking/loving

‫دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘَﻦ‬ nefrat hate

‫ﻧِﻔﺮَت‬ tars fear

‫ﺗ َﺮس‬

panjeré window

‫ﻨﺠﺮه‬ ِ َ‫ﭘ‬

Lesson 84: House / Home (Vocabulary Sprint) house khooné

‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬ Note: In written Persian, house is khāné but in spoken Persian, it's pronounced khooné.

deevār wall

‫دﯾﻮار‬ saghf ceiling

‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬ َ zameen floor

otāgh room

‫اُﺗﺎق‬

PARTS OF A HOUSE: dar door

‫دَر‬

‫زَﻣﯿﻦ‬ komod closet

‫ﮐُﻤُﺪ‬

ROOMS OF A HOUSE: sālon living room

‫ﺳﺎﻟُﻦ‬

otāgh khāb

gārāge

bedroom

garage

‫اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب‬

‫ﮔﺎراژ‬ 

toowālet

zeerzameen

bathroom (toilet room)

basement

‫ﺗﻮاﻟِﺖ‬ dastshoowee bathroom (handwashing room)

‫دَﺳﺘﺸﻮﯾﯽ‬ otāghé nāhār khoree dining room

‫زﯾﺮ زَﻣﯿﻦ‬ 

ELEMENTS OF ROOMS: Now let's learn the vocabulary for different pieces of furniture you can find throughout the house, starting with the living room:

‫اُﺗﺎق ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮری‬

meez

poshteboon

‫ﻣﯿﺰ‬

roo op

‫ﺸﺖ ﺑﺎم‬ ِ ُ‫ﭘ‬ āshpazkhooné kitchen

‫آﺷﭙَﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬

table

mobl couch

‫ﻣُﺒﻞ‬ lāmp lamp

‫ﻻﻣﭗ‬

farsh

toowālet

rug

toilet

‫ﻓَﺮش‬

‫ﺗﻮاﻟِﺖ‬

Note: The farsh is a centerpiece of any Iranian household.

dast shoowee

Iranians see rugs as investments, since they hold on to their

hand washing sink

‫دَﺳﺘﺸﻮﯾﯽ‬

value, and even increase in value over time. Bedroom furniture:

hamoom bath

takht bed

‫ﺣﻤﻮم‬ َ

‫ﺗ َﺨﺖ‬

vān bath

Dining room furniture: meezé nāhār khoree dining table

‫ﻣﯿﺰ ِ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮری‬ sandalee chair

‫ﺪﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬ َ Bathroom furniture:

‫وان‬ Kitchen furniture: yakh chāl refrigerator

‫ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل‬  zarf shoowee kitchen sink

‫ﻇَﺮف ﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬ 

BONUS VOCABULARY:

estakhr pool

‫اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

mādar bozorg grandmother

‫ﻣﺎدر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬

Lesson 85: Families (Vocabulary Sprint) khānevadé family

‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬ mādar mother

‫ﻣﺎدَر‬ pedar father

‫ﺪر‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ khāhar sister

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬ barādar brother

‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬

pedar bozorg grandfather

‫ﺪر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ dāyee maternal uncle

‫داﯾﯽ‬ amoo paternal uncle

‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬ khālé maternal aunt

‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬  amé paternal aunt

‫ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬

pesar khālé

pesar amé

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

cousin (boy of dad's sister)

‫ﺴﺮﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

 ‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

dokhtar khālé

dokhtar amé

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

cousin (girl of dad's sister)

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬

 ‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

pesar amé

pesar dāyee

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

cousin (boy of dad's sister)

‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫ﭘ‬ 

‫ﺴﺮداﯾﯽ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

dokhtar amé

dokhtar dāyee

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

cousin (girl of dad's sister)

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ 

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ داﯾﯽ‬

pesar amoo

shohar

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

husband

‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻮ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

‫ﻫﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺷﻮ‬

dokhtar amoo

zan

cousin (boy of mom's sister)

wife (woman)

 ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻮ‬

 ‫زَن‬ hamsar spouse

‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬ َ َ ‫ﻫ‬

khānevādeyé bozorg

nābarādaree

‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه ﺑُﺰُرگ‬

stepbrother

big family

‫ﻧﺎﺑَﺮادَری‬

khānevādeyé koocheek

nākhāharee

‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮاده ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ‬

stepsister

‫ﻫﺮی‬ َ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮا‬ khāharé nātanee half sister

‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﺗ َﻨ‬ َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬ barādaré nātanee half brother

‫ﺑَﺮادَر ﻧﺎﺗ َﻨ‬ nāmādaree step mother

small family

ezdevāj marriage

‫اِزدِواج‬ aroosee wedding

‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬ nāmzad fiancé

 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﺎدَری‬

doost dokhtar

nāpedaree

‫دوﺳﺖ دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ 

step father

‫ﺪری‬ َ ِ ‫ﻧﺎﭘ‬

girlfriend

doost pesar boyfriend

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ ‫دوﺳﺖ ﭘ‬ dokhtar girl/daughter

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ pesar boy/son

‫ﺴﺮ‬ َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

morabee coach ‫ﻣ َُرﺑّﯽ‬

Lesson 86: Sports (Vocabulary Sprint) varzesh

tarafdār fan ‫َط َرﻓدار‬ dāvar

exercise/sports

referee

‫رزش‬ ِ ‫َو‬

‫داور‬ َ

TEAM SPORTS:

footbāll

varzeshé goroohee team sports ‫رزش ُﮔروھﯽ‬ ِ ‫َو‬ team

soccer ‫ﻓوﺗﺑﺎل‬ footbāll āmreekāyee American football

team

‫ﻓوﺗﺑﺎل آﻣرﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺗﯾم‬

basketbāll

bāzeekon

basketball

players

‫َﺑﺳﮑِﺗﺑﺎل‬

‫ﺑﺎزﯾﮑُن‬

basebāll baseball ‫ِﺑﯾس ﺑﺎل‬

so bāll

golf

so ball ‫ﺳﺎﻓت ﺑﺎل‬

golf ‫ُﮔﻠف‬

volleybāll

eskate bāzee

volleyball

skating

‫واﻟﯾﺑﺎل‬

‫اِﺳﮑِﯾت ﺑﺎزی‬

hockey rooyé yakh

jeemnāsteek

hockey

gymnastics

‫ی َﯾﺦ‬ ِ ‫ھﺎﮐﯽ رو‬

‫ژﯾﻣﻧﺎﺳﺗﯾﮏ‬

vāterpolo

asb savāree

water polo

horse back riding

‫واﺗِر ﭘوﻟو‬

‫اَﺳب َﺳواری‬

varzeshé tak nafaré

do-eedan

individual sport

running

‫رزﺷِ ﮫ َﺗﮏ َﻧ َﻔ ِره‬ ِ ‫َو‬

‫دوﯾدَ ن‬

dō charkhé savāree

koshtee

bicycle riding

wrestling

‫دو َﭼرﺧِﮫ َﺳواری‬

‫ُﮐﺷﺗﯽ‬

badmeenton

tenees

badminton

tennis

‫َﺑدﻣﯾﻧﺗون‬

‫ﺗِﻧﯾس‬

bowleeng

bākhtan

bowling

losing

‫ﺑوﻟﯾﻧﮓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺧ َﺗن‬

beelyārd billiards ‫ﺑﯾﻠﯾﺎرد‬ kamāngeeree bow and arrow ‫َﮐﻣﺎﻧﮕﯾری‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bordan winning ‫ﺑُردَ ن‬

ghesmat parts

‫ﻗِﺴﻤَﺖ‬

Lesson 87: Parts of the Body (Vocabulary Sprint) Parts of the Body: Note: Colloquial Persian is o en very different from written Persian, and this is demonstrated quite o en with the words for parts of the body. In the examples below, we first show the word the way it is spoken (and taught in the lesson), and in parentheses, we show how it sounds in written Persian. The Persian script below reflects the way the word is actually written, not the way it is pronounced in colloquial Persian. ghesmathāyé badan parts of the body

sar head

‫ﺳﺮ‬ َ cheshm (chashm) eye

‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ abroo eyebrow

‫اَﺑﺮو‬ damāgh nose

‫دَﻣﺎغ‬

‫ﺪن‬ َ َ ‫ﻗِﺴﻤَﺘﻬﺎی ﺑ‬

beenee

badan

nose

body

‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻨ‬

dahan (dahān)

chooné (chāné)

mouth

chin

‫دَﻫﺎن‬

‫ﭼﺎﻧِﻪ‬ 

lop

moo

cheek

hair

‫ﻟُﭗ‬ 

‫ﻣﻮ‬

dandoon (dandān)

gardan

teeth

neck

‫دَﻧﺪان‬

‫ﮔَﺮدَن‬

zaboon (zabān)

shooné (shāné)

tongue

shoulder

‫زَﺑﺎن‬

‫ﺷﺎﻧِﮫ‬

goosh

seené

ear

chest/breast

‫ﮔﻮش‬

‫ﺳﯾﻧِﮫ‬

peeshoonee (peeshānee) forehead

‫ﭘﯿﺸﺎﻧ‬ 

dast hand/arm

‫دَﺳﺖ‬

sheekam (shekam)

nākhoon (nākhon)

stomach/tummy

fingernail

‫ﺷﮑ َﻢ‬ ِ

‫ﻧﺎﺧُﻦ‬

del

zānoo

heart

knee

‫دِل‬

‫زاﻧﻮ‬

ghalb

māheeché

heart

muscle

‫ﻗَﻠﺐ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ‬ ِ

jeegar (jegar)

khoon

liver

blood

‫ﺟﮕَﺮ‬ ِ pā foot/leg

‫ﭘﺎ‬ angosht finger

‫اَﻧﮕُُﺸﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻮن‬ ostokhoon (ostokhān) bone

‫اُﺳﺘُﺨﻮان‬ posht back

‫ﭘُﺸﺖ‬

sotooné fagharāt spine

‫ﺘﻮن ﻓَﻘَﺮات‬ ُ ِ ‫ﺳ‬

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬ ‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

Lesson 88: Ahmad Shamlou Raz, Part 1 with Tehran von Ghasri For the guide of this lesson, we will present the original Persian text of the portion of the poem in its entirety, followed by the phonetic English version of the poem in its entirety so you can follow along. A erwards, we will

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ راز ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬ ‫از راه رﺳﯿﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪی‬ ‫اﺷﮑ ﻓﺸﻮﻧﺪم‬ ‫اﺷﮑ ﻓﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬

provide a translation of the poem line by line. Please remember this lesson

‫ﻟﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ‬

is simply the intro to the poem. In the next few lessons, we will be learning

‫از ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬

all the vocabulary associated with this poem along with other words and phrases you might need to know to understand it. For now, simply read along with the poem and try to understand the feeling and sentiments behind the words. In the following weeks, try to memorize

bā man rāzee bood, ké bé kooh go am

the portions of the poem we will be going over.

bā man rāzee bood,

ABOUT THE POET:

ké bé chāh go am,

Shamlou was born in 1925 in Rasht, and he died in 2000 a er a few years of health problems. He lived through a several revolutions in Iran, and he was a journalist for a while. He wrote about politics and was part of the Toudeh party, and was jailed for his writing as well. He also lived through a lot of turmoil in the Islamic Republic, and he stayed in Iran a erwards- he didn't leave, like so many others. For a few years a er the Islamic revolution

too rāhé derāz, bé asbé seeyāh go am bee kas ō tanhā, bé sanghāyé rāh go am

happened, he did go silent. But he emerged a er that, and did tours of Europe and he did tours of the US. He was nominated for a Nobel Prize in 1984. He remains one of the most famous contemporary poets from Iran to this day.

bā rāzé kohné, az rāh reseedam,

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

harfee naroondam, harfee naroondee, ashkee feshoondam,

ashkee feshoondee,

bā rāzé kohné, with a worn secret

labāmō bastam,

‫ﺑﺎ راز ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬

az cheshām khoondee

az rāh reseedam I arrived from the path

bā man rāzee bood

‫از راه رﺳﯿﺪم‬

with me there was a secret

harfee naroondam

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬

I didn't say any word

ké bé kooh go am

‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪم‬

that I told the mountain

harfee naroondee

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

You didn't say any word

ké bé chāh go am

‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪی‬

that I told the well

labāmō bastam

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

I closed my lips

‫ﻟﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ‬

too rāhé derāz on the long path

az chashām khoondee

‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬

You read it from my eyes

bé asbé seeyāh go am

‫از ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬

I told the black horse

‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ bee kas ō tanhā

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

ā

long a

like in not

bé sanghāyé rāh go am

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Without anyone and alone

I told the stones on the path

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬

Lesson 89: Ahmad Shamlou - Raz, Part 2 In this lesson, we go over the first part of the poem Rāz by Ahmad Shamlou. We covered the general meaning and feelings of the poem in the last lesson, and in this lesson we go a bit more in depth. First, let's look at the first part of the poem:

bā man rāzee bood, ké bé kooh go am bā man rāzee bood, ké bé chāh go am, too rāhé derāz, bé asbé seeyāh go am

‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫رازی‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫رازی‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دراز‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬

bee kas ō tanhā, bé sanghāyé rāh go am

bā man rāzee bood with me there was a secret

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬

ké bé kooh go am

rāz

that I told the mountain

secret

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

‫راز‬

ké bé chāh go am

Note: In the poem, Shamlou says bā man rāzee bood- rāz

that I told the well

means secret, so what does rāzee mean? Adding an ee to the

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

end makes the meaning of the word ʻa secret' rather than just

too rāhé derāz

ʻsecretʼ. So, he's referring so a particular secret.

on the long path

‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬ bé asbé seeyāh go am

with

I told the black horse

‫ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

man

bee kas ō tanhā

me

Without anyone and alone

‫ﻣَﻦ‬

‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

rāzee

bé sanghāyé rāh go am I told the stones on the path

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ Now we can go into the individual words and phrases in a bit more detail:

bā

a secret

‫رازی‬ man me

‫ﻣَﻦ‬

ké

rāh

that

path/way

‫ﮐِﻪ‬

‫راه‬

bé

derāz

to

long

‫ﺑِﻪ‬

‫دِراز‬

kooh

asb

mountain

horse

‫ﮐﻮه‬

‫اَﺳﺐ‬

go am

seeyāh

I told

black

‫ﮔُﻔﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬

chāh

go am

well

I told

‫ﭼﺎه‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

too

Note: The -é sound you see at the end of asbé seeyāh and rāhé

in

derāz is called an ezāfé, and it's a way of linking the two

‫ﺗﻮ‬

words together, to show that the second word is a descriptor for the first word. So asbé seeyāh means the black horse, and rāhé derāz means the long path.

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bā rāzé kohné, az rāh reseedam,

Lesson 90: Ahmad Shamlou - Raz, Part 3 In this lesson, we go over the second half of the poem rāz by Ahmad Shamlou. We'll go over specific words and phrases learned in this section.

harfee naroondam, harfee naroondee, ashkee feshoondam, ashkee feshoondee, labāmō bastam,

First, let's take a look of the entire second half of the poem:

az cheshām khoondee bā rāzé kohné, with a worn secret

‫ﺑﺎ راز ِ ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫اَز راه رِﺳﯿ‬

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬ َ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬ َ

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫اَﺷﮑ ﻓِﺸﻮﻧ‬

‫اَﺷﮑ ﻓِﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬ ‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬ ِ ‫اَز‬

‫ﺑﺎ راز ِ ﮐ ُﻬﻨﻪ‬ az rāh reseedam I arrived from the path

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫اَز راه رِﺳﯿ‬ harfee naroondam I didn't say any word

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬ َ

harfee naroondee

reseedam

You didn't say any word

I arrived

‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬ َ

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫رِﺳﯿ‬ 

labāmō bastam

go am

I closed my lips

I said

‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﮔُﻔﺘَﻢ‬ 

az chashām khoondee

harfee

You read it from my eyes

a word

‫ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬ ِ ‫اَز‬ kohné worn

‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ َ   harf word

‫ﮐ ُﻬﻨِﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮف‬ َ  

rāzé kohné

harfee nazadam

a worn secret

I didn't say a word

‫راز ِ ﮐ ُﻬﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧَﺰَدَم‬ َ  

rāh

naroondam

the way

‫راه‬

I didn't drive

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬ 

naroondee

labām

you didn't drive

my lips

‫ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬

‫ﻟَﺒﺎم‬

ashkee

labāmō = labām rā

a tear

‫اَﺷﮑ‬ ash tear

‫اَﺷﮏ‬

‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ‬ Note: rā in Persian is what's known as a ʻdirect object markerʼ. It's very difficult to translate this concept into English, but basically, it specifies that you are talking about a particular noun. In the case of labām rā (which is further complicated by

feshoondam

being shortened to labāmō), the poet is specifying that he is

I let out

talking about his particular lips, not the lips of anyone else.

‫ﺪم‬ َ ‫ﻓِﺸﻮﻧ‬

bastam

feshoondee

I closed

you let out

‫ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﻓِﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬

cheshm

lab

eye

lip

‫ﻟَﺐ‬

‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ِ cheshām my eyes

‫ﭼﺸﺎم‬ ِ

Pronunciation Guide: a

short a

like in hat

ā

long a

like in not

é

ending ʻeʼ

like in elf

ō

ending o

sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound