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English, English Pages 622 [620] Year 2006
CAMBRIDGE English ronouticing pm'naun^.sir)
Dictionary
Daniel Jones edited by
Peter Roach,
James Hartman
& Jane Setter
DUDLEY
/
/
Spoken pronunciation for every word - now American English too!
Boston Public LHxary Boston, MA 02116 Symbols used for the Transcriptions Vowel Phonemes: British:
as in
I
American:
'pit'
as in 'pit'
I
e as in 'pet'
e as in 'pet'
ae as in 'pat'
ae as in 'pat'
A as D as u as
in 'pot'
A u
in 'put'
3 as in 'potato', 'America'
in 'cut'
as in 'cut' as in 'put'
3 as in 'potato', 'uppcL' as in 'key'
i: i:
as in 'key'
a: as in 'father'
a: as in 'car'
0 as in 'caught'
d: as in 'core'
ei as in 'bait'
ui as in 'coo'
ou
as in 'boat'
au
as in 'house'
3: as in 'cur'
ei as in 'bay'
ai as in 'high'
ai as in 'buy'
Di as in 'boy'
01 as in 'boy'
3U au
as in 'low'
3^
("r-coloured schwa") as in 'mother!
as in 'how'
3^
("r-coloured bird vowel") as in 'bird'
19 as in 'here'
ea as U3 as
in 'there' in
'moor'
Consonant Phonemes: p
b d
as in 'pea' as in 'tea'
t
k
as in 'key'
as in 'bee' as in 'do'
f as in 'fat'
g as V as
0 as
d
in 'thin'
as in 'sip'
s
J as in 'ship'
h as
in 'vat'
as in 'that'
z as in
'zip'
3 as
'measure'
in
in 'hat'
m as in n as
in 'go'
'map'
in 'nap'
0 as in 'hang'
1
as in 'led'
r
as in 'red'
j
as in 'yet'
w as t
J as
in 'wet'
in 'chin'
d3
as in 'gin'
Non-phonemic symbols for English i
as in 'react', 'happy"
u as 3
in 'to each', 'influenza'
(superscript schwa) as in 'sudden' /'sAd.^n/:
vowel may be pronounced, or may be
omitted with the following consonant becoming syllabic. 1
t
(syllabic
/I/)
as in 'bottle'
("flapped /t/") (American pronunciation) as in 'better'
Symbols for other languages X (voiceless velar 2E,
fricative) as in 'loch', 'Bach'
a:, 5:, 3:, (nasalised
vowels) as
hi (voiceless lateral fricative) as in
in
French
'vin', 'change',
'mon', 'Lebrun'
Welsh 'Llangollen'
Prosodic marks '
,
.
(primary stress) as in 'better' /'bet. 9/ (secondary stress) as in 'retell' /,ri:'tel/ (syllable division) as in 'differ' /'dif .3/
italic
symbols
Italic
symbols are optional sounds, which may be pronounced or omitted.
CAMBRIDGE English
Pronouncing Dictionary
7
1
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU,
Singapore, Sao Paulo
UK
www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/978052 1 680868
© Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication
is in
copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
by J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd 1 9 1 by Cambridge University Press This edition published 2006 Fh-st published First published
1
99
Printed in Italy by LegoPrint s.p.A
A
catalogue record for this publication
is
available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cambridge English pronouncing dictionary. - 17th ed.
Hartman, Jane p.
/
[edited
by Peter Roach, James
Setter].
cm.
Cover title: English pronouncing dictionary Rev. ed. of: English pronouncing dictionary. 16th ed. 2003 Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-86230-1
ISBN- 10: 0-521-86230-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-521-68086-8 (pbk.) ISBN- 10: 0-521-68086-7 (pbk.) [etc.]
Roach, Peter (Peter John) II. Hartman, James, 1939- III. Setter, Jane. IV. Jones, Daniel, 1881-1967. English pronouncing dictionary. V. English pronouncing dictionary. VI. Title English pronouncing dictionary. I.
ISBN-13 978-0-521-86230-1 hardback ISBN- 10 0-521-86230-2 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-68086-8 paperback ISBN- 10 0-521-68086-7 paperback ISBN-13 978-0-521-68087-5 paperback + cd-rom ISBN- 10 0-521-68087-5 paperback + cd-rom
Editors' preface to the
1
7th edition
iv
v
Introduction Part
1
:
Introduction to the English Pronouncing Dictionary 1.1
What
1.2
Whose pronunciation
1
How are the pronunciations chosen?
.3
is
the English Pronouncing Dictionary? is
1
vi
2:
Syllable divisions
Principles of transcription
viii
2.2
Vowels and diphthongs
viii
2.3
Consonants
xi xii xiii
2.7 Assimilation
xiii
2.8 Treatment of /r/
xiv
Use of I'll and /u/
xiv
2.10 Syllabic consonants
xiv
2.1
1
Optional sounds
2.12 Elision
Explanatory notes
References
of
x
2.6 Syllable divisions
2.9
List
vii viii
The phoneme principle
2.5 Stress
3:
vii *'
2.1
2.4 Non-English sounds
Part
vi
Usage notes
1.7
Part
vi
Pronunciation of foreign words
.6
v
v
represented?
1.4 Regional accents 1.5
v
in
introduction
recommended reading
The International Phonetic Alphabet Index of Information Panels
The dictionary Study Section
xv
xv xvi xviii
xviii
xx xxi 1
573
iii
Introduction
authoritative guide to pronunciation, and for users
Editors' preface to the
of English as a foreign or second language
all
over
the world.
17th Edition Above
all,
the
aim of
information which
The English Pronouncing Dictionary was first published in 1917, perhaps the greatest work of the greatest of British phoneticians, Daniel Jones
(bom at
Jones was Professor of Phonetics
in 1881).
University College
retirement in 1949. itor to the
was
London from 1921
He was
department
in
until his
an occasional vis-
still
1967 when Peter Roach
there as a postgraduate student of phonetics,
though he died
in
December of that
The
year.
last
edition of the English Pronouncing Dictionary in
which Jones was direcdy involved was the 12^^, and the 13'*^ was substantially revised by A. C. Gimson, his successor as Professor of Phonetics at University College.
was
From the
13'*'
edition,
Gimson
been making plans for a
Gimson 's
the dictionary
is
to include
relevant to the needs of con-
temporary users and which
is
presented in the
clearest possible way. This
aim has informed both the choice of vocabulary covered and the range of pronunciations shown. The 15'*^ edition saw a massive injection of 18,000 new words. Large numbers of terms connected with science and technology were added, as well as hundreds of people and places which had acquired fame or notoriety in recent years. Personal names, both first names and family names, were based on census reports and statistical analysis, and many subject areas such as literature and law were revised and updated. For the first time, US spellings and vocabulary items were included.
by Dr. Susan Ramsaran, and
in her preface to the 14'^ edition she notes that they had
assisted
is
death.
After
15'*^
edition at the time of
this, the
publishing rights
were acquired from the original publishers, J.M. Dent & Sons, by Cambridge University Press.
With the publication of the 15^'^ edition in 1997, the English Pronouncing Dictionary entered the computer age. All the entries were converted into a computer database, and transferred electronically between phonetics experts in Reading, Leeds, Kansas, Hong Kong, then back to Cambridge. The process of updating and adding to previous editions has therefore become much more effi-
This process of updating continues with each
new
and we are fortunate to have the use of the Cambridge International Corpus, a collection of around 800 million words of written and transcribed spoken texts from a variety of genres. This corpus informs all Cambridge dictionaries, and gives us clear, empirical evidence for new words (general and proper nouns) which have come to prominence since the previous edition. The 16'^ edition added information panels explaining phonetics terminology and discussing the relationship between spelling and pronunciation, and this 17^*^ edition,
edition also has a study section introducing several
fascinating pronunciation topics such as differ-
cient. Versions of this database are available elec-
ences between British and American pronuncia-
and are currently being used by language researchers in both academic and commercial institutions. For details of licensing the database, see the Cambridge Dictionaries website: www.dictionary .Cambridge .org
tion.
tronically
Weak
In the Preface to the 15"^ edition
many people who had and our debt Edition.
The other major development Pronouncing Dictionary
ROM
version.
is
for
the
English
the creation of a
This 17^ edition
now
CD-
has both
and American spoken pronunciations for every word in the dictionary. For linguists and British
learners of English, there
is
also the ability to
search on both alphabetic and phonetic characters,
and
to record the user's
own
voice and compare
with the spoken pronunciation on the
it
CD-ROM.
forms, and Intonation.
them remains,
to
Above
use for almost 90 years, and during that time
become
established as a classic
University Press,
of the
15'^
and
it
has
both for native speakers of English wanting an iv
who
16^^
the
as
it
did for the
16'*"
are very grateful to Liz
Cambridge
has overseen the production
Editions and continued to
work
and encourage us on the 17'*^ We would also like to thank Diane Cranz and Dominic Glennon, who have grappled heroically with the challenges of producing the CD-ROM, as well as Catherine Sangster and her colleagues in the BBC Pronunciation Unit for their generous tirelessly to advise
in
work of reference,
we
Walter, our Commissioning Editor at
advice.
The English Pronouncing Dictionary has been
all,
we thanked
contributed to our work,
PETER ROACH JAMES HARTMAN JANE SETTER
Introduction
schools". Accordingly, he felt able to refer to his model as "Public School Pronunciation" (PSP). In
Introduction
later editions, e.g. that
of 1937, he added the remark
boys in boarding-schools tend to lose their markedly local peculiarities, whereas this is not the case for those in day-schools. He had by 1926, however, abandoned the term PSP in favour of "Received Pronunciation" (RP). The type of speech he had in mind had for centuries been regarded as a kind of standard, having its base in the educated pronunciation of London and the Home Counties (the counties surrounding London). Its use was not however, being region, to this restricted characteristic by the nineteenth century of upperclass speech throughout the country. The Editor of that
is
It
strongly
recommended
read
dictionary
users of this
that
since
introduction,
the
understanding of the information
in
it
a
full
will ensure
most effective use of the dictionary.
the
(PART
I)
'What is the English Pronouncing The intended use of the dictionary,
Dictionary?':
the principles of
its
English represented in
(PART
2) 'Principles
design and the accents of it.
of Transcription': The main
characteristics of the British
and American accents.
the 14th Edition of this dictionary,
(PART
3)
'Explanatory Notes':
How
to interpret
the information provided with the individual
words
in the dictionary.
Part
1
:
Introduction to the English
What is the
intelligible within Britain".
English Pronouncing
For
Dictionary? This dictionary
designed to provide information
on the current pronunciation of approximately 80,000 English words and phrases. For each entry, a British and an American pronunciation is shown i .2 below). The pronunciation is given modified phonemic transcription, and you need
(see Section in
to
understand
the
phonemic
of
principles
transcription in order to be able to
make proper use
of this information (see Section 2.1 below).
The
Pronouncing
Dictionary
essential information that
is
provides
much
not available in a
general dictionary, such as the pronunciation of
proper names, the pronunciation of
all
inflected
forms of each word, and a larger amount of detail about variant pronunciations than is usual in a general dictionary.
1.2
this
accessible is
in
,
Pronouncing Dictionary 1 .1
A.C. Gimson,
1977 "Such a definition of RP is hardly tenable today", and went on "If I have retained the traditional, though imprecise, term 'received pronunciation' it is because the label has such wide currency in books on present-day English and because it is a convenient name for an accent which remains generally acceptable and
commented
Whose pronunciation
is
represented?
A
pronouncing dictionary must base its recommendations on one or more models. A pronunciation model is a carefully chosen and defined accent of a language. In the
first
edition of
(1917), Daniel Jones described the type of pronunciation recorded as "that most this dictionary
a more broadly-based and model accent for British English is
edition
represented, and pronunciations for one broadlyconceived accent of American English have been added. The time has come to abandon the archaic name Received Pronunciation. The model used for British English is what is referred to as BBC
English; this
is
the pronunciation of professional
BBC as newsreaders and and BBC2 television, the World Service and BBC Radio 3 and 4, as well as many commercial broadcasting organisations such as ITN. Of course, one finds differences between such speakers - individual broadcasters all have their own personal characteristics, and an increasing number of broadcasters with Scottish, Welsh and Irish accents are employed. However, the accent described here is typical of broadcasters with an English accent, and there is a useful degree of consistency in the broadcast speech of these speakers. Their speech does not carry for most people the connotations of high social class and privilege that PSP and RP have had in the past. An additional advantage in concentrating on the accent speakers employed by the
announcers on
BBCi
of broadcasters is that it is easy to gain access to examples, and the sound quality is usually of a very high standard.
usually heard in everyday speech in the families of
Southern English persons whose menfolk have been educated at the great public boarding-
For American English, the selection also follows what is frequently heard from professional voices
V
Introduction
on national network news and information programmes. It is similar to what has been termed "General American", which refers to a geographically (largely non-coastal) and socially based
set
of pronunciation features.
to note that
no single
media
(radio, television, movies,
CD-
ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have
of
English
many
years.
The opinion of many colleagues and acquaintances
|
In general, a pronunciation typical of a
casual, informal style of speaking
articulate
have
most colourless form, can
be described as a relatively homogeneous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects (Canadian English
more
given for
is
common words, and a more careful pronunciation for uncommon words. In real life, speakers tend to
speakers with regionally mixed features. However,
most carefully when
|
listeners are likely to
difficulty in recognising the
When more
words they
word
than one pronunciation of a
given, the order of the alternatives
hear. is
important.
is
The
variants
first pronunciation given is believed to be the most usual one although the distance between the alternatives may vary, with some alternant forms
included within this targeted accent involve vowels
rivalling the first-given in perceived frequency
/r/, possible differences in words like 'cot' and 'caught' and some vowels before /I/. It is fully rhotic. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences. What are thought to be the more progressive (used by educated, socially mobile, and younger speakers) variants are listed first in each entry. The intent is to list the variety of
while others
has several notable differences). This "dialect" itself
contains
some
variant forms.
The
before
pronouncing
more
distant second.
dictionary
that
systematically
accents would be very valuable, but
much
very
would be
it
bigger than the present volume and the
job of ensuring an adequate coverage which treated accents as equally important would have taken
all
many
traits
a
presented the pronunciations of a range of regional
social marking, while
being sensitive to the
may be
'
1.4 Regional Accents
A
pronunciations with the least amount of regional or still
'
has also been a valuable source of advice.
"Network English", in
its
pronunciation
the
(particularly broadcast English) over
important
- regional or social an American standard. Even
dialect
has been singled out as national
It is
of
observers
years. In the case of
some place-names,
information about local pronunciations has been
of the individual word.
retained or added as well as "official" broadcasting 1 .3 It is
How are the pronunciations chosen?
ones, but the other words are given only in the
important to remember that the pronunciation
of English words
is not governed by a strict set of words have more than one pronunciation, and the speaker's choice of which to use depends on a wide range of factors. These include the degree of formality, the amount of background noise, the speed of utterance, the speaker's perception of the listener and the frequency with which the speaker uses the word. For example, the two words 'virtuous' and 'virtuoso' are closely similar in spelling and share a common origin. However, the former is more common than the latter, and for British English
rules;
\
standard accents chosen for British and American English.
most
/'v3:.tju.3s/
is
given as the
first
pronunciation of
Pronunciation of foreign words of the words in an English dictionary are of foreign origin, and in previous editions of this dictionary many such words have been given both in an Anglicised pronunciation used by most English speakers, and in a broad phonetic 1 .5
Many
transcription of the "authentic" pronunciation in the
original
language. This edition does not give
detailed phonetic transcriptions of foreign words; the
primary aim of
pronunciations
likely
this
to
dictionary
is
to
list
be used by educated
the former but /'vai.tju.su.sau/ for the latter
speakers of English and an authentic pronunciation
of more careful speech). If such variation did not exist, most of the work of compiling a pronouncing dictionary could
would in some circumstances be quite inappropriate
,
|
(which
in
general
is
typical
be done easily by means of one of the available computer programs that convert English spelling into a phonemic transcription. Ultimately, however,
(pronouncing 'Paris' as /pasr'i:/, for example). In some cases the information is unnecessary (very few English speakers would attempt, or even recognise, an authentic pronunciation of a
from a non-European language), while
word
in other
to establish the authentic original
decisions about which pronunciation to recommend, which pronunciations have dropped
cases
out of use, and so on, have been based on the
reached us after being adapted by British French or Portuguese colonists; place-names in Spain may be
the
it
is difficult
i
(many African place-names,
for example, have j
editors' intuitions as professional phoneticians
vi
and
,
j
!
i
Introduction
pronounced
in different
ways according
regional affiliation, so that the
to their
name of Barcelona
might be given a Catalan or a Castilian Spanish pronunciation, while other Spanish
names
are
whether they originate in Spain or South America). Words and names of foreign origin are therefore given in what is felt to be the pronunciation likely to be used among educated speakers of English. different according to
as if Italian: .bol.a'njei.zei. In a few cases it has been necessary to mark separate British and American pronunciations within this field, as the as:
degree of Anglicisation of any given word
1.6 Usage notes Usage notes are included with some words. In some cases these are needed so that users of the dictionary
In
some cases
it
is
possible to identify an alternative
which represents an attempt to manner closer to the supposed original. This is marked by first indicating the language which the speaker would be aiming at, then giving the pronunciation, using where necessary additional phonetic symbols not required for the phonemic transcription of English. For example, the word 'bolognese' is widely used to pronunciation
pronounce
in a
refer to a sauce served with pasta. This
/.bol.a'neiz/
for
British
English
is
given as
and
as
may
vary between British and American English.
how
understand
can
alternative
pronunciations are to be used. In some cases the rules needed for correct pronunciation are quite
complex, most noticeably in the case of the socalled "weak-form words" such as 'there', 'her'. Explanations with examples are given in such cases. 1.7 Syllable divisions
marked between syllables. This practice was largely abandoned in the 14th Edition, but the
Earlier editions of this dictionary regularly
the division
gives
present edition
syllable
divisions
in
all
/,bou.l3'ni:z/ for American; for speakers of both
cases, since
groups, a pronunciation aimed
find the information useful. Syllable division is
at
being nearer to
would be /,bDl.3'njei.zei/ (though this would still be different from the pronunciation that would be produced by an Italian speaker). To indicate that this last pronunciation is aimed at sounding Italian, it is marked in the entry the
Italian
original
marked with
it
is
the
felt that
symbol
.
foreign learners will
recommended by the The decision
International Phonetic Association.
on where
to place a syllable division is not
easy, and the rules used in this
work
always
are explained
later in this Introduction (Section 2.6).
vii
,
Introduction
Part 2: Principles of transcription
(a) British
English
(BBC
English
British
accent)
generally
is
The phoneme principle The basic principle of the transcription used is, as in all previous editions, phonemic. This means that
described as having short vowels, long vowels and
a small set of symbols
end of
2.1
is used to represent the sounds that can be shown to be distinctive in English, so that replacing one phoneme by another can change the identity of a word. We do not usually add phonetic detail such as the presence of
vowel devoicing. It is usual to put slant brackets before and after symbols representing phonemes (e.g. the word 'cat' would
diphthongs. There are said to be seven short vowels, five long ones and eight diphthongs. At the
•
glottal stops, aspiration or
be represented phonemically as
phonemic symbols
/kaet/).
•
When non-
are used, the convention
is
this section
some
attention
is
also given to
triphthongs.
Short vowels: pit
pet
pat
putt
pot
put
I
e
ae
A
D
u
Long vowels: bean barn born boon
to
a:
i:
u:
o:
another a
3
bum 3:
use square brackets (e.g. the glottal stop will be represented as
[?]). In entries
in the dictionary
however, we do not use these brackets, order to keep the information simple; only itself,
explanatory notes do
we
in
in
•
Diphthongs:
bay buy boy no now peer pair poor ei ai 01 is ea ua 9U au
use slant or square
brackets. For an explanation of the principle of the
These vowels and diphthongs may be placed on the
phoneme and some of the problems associated with it, see Roach (2000), Chapters 5 and 13. The use of phonemic transcription in works on pronunciation
Cardinal Vowel quadrilateral as shown in Figs,
(including this one) has remained in the "realist"
(•),
by Jones, while approaches to the phoneme by theoretical phonologists have changed radically during recent decades and become much more abstract. There are a few
target; the point represents the centre
tradition established
exceptions to our general use of the
it
is
misleading to think of
of an area
• u:
•
i
•u
the use, in
'better' /'bet. 3^/.
This
is
English find
it
difficult to
when
It/
(•
British
apply the rule which
voiced and/or flapped. Another is the use of the symbols [i] and [u] the use of which is explained below (Section 2.9). Finally, it is necessary to use a number of special symbols which are not normally used for English phonemes. This set includes some nasalised vowels
determines
•
• 3, 3:
an important feature of
American pronunciation, but speakers of
e
•A
is
•
,
• a: Fig.
I
BBC English pure vowels
used particularly in some words taken from French, the [x] sound found in Scottish words such as 'loch' and some non-linguistic sounds used in certain exclamations and interjections (see Section 2.2 It is
2.4).
Vowels and diphthongs standard practice in phonetics to represent the
them on a four-sided figure usually known as the Cardinal Vowel quadrilateral (see Roach (2000), pp. 13-14). This device is used in the vowel
quality of vowels and diphthongs by placing
descriptions in the following section.
Viii
falls.
phoneme
American pronunciations, of the [^] diacritic to indicate the voicing and "flapping" of ft/ in words such as 'getting' Z'get.ir)/, and is
this as a precise
within which the typical vowel pronunciation
principle that should be mentioned here, however.
One
i -
should be noted that though each vowel (or diphthong starting-point) is marked with a point 3. It
Fig. 2
BBC English closing diphthongs
Introduction
Triphthongs create some problems. These threevowel sequences are generally held to be composed of one of the diphthongs /ei, ai, di, 9U, au/ plus a schwa (e.g. 'layer' /leiaV; 'fire' /faiaV). In British English many of these triphthongs are pronounced with such slight movement in vowel quality that it is difficult for foreign learners to recognise them; for example, the name 'Ireland' which is generally transcribed /'aia.bnd/, frequently has an initial syllable which sounds virtually indistinguishable from /a:/. It seems reasonable in this case to treat these sounds as being monosyllabic (e.g. the word 'fire' is a single syllable), but in other words and names transcribed with the same symbols it seems (f)
,
BBC English centring diphthongs
Fig. 3
A
few comments on individual vowels and vowel symbols are needed. The pronunciation of any language is constantly changing, and a dictionary such as this one should reflect such changes. However, there is a general reluctance among users of phonemic transcription to change the symbols used too frequently, as
this
is
they occur in syllables
/'ai9.ri//,/ai9'reit/ or as /'ai.rij/ ,/ai'reit/, since
The length of long vowels and diphthongs
much reduced when
closed by the voiceless or fortis consonants
/
p,
t,
J /. Thus III! in 'beat' has only about half the length of I'wl in 'bead' or 'bee'; similarly k,
t
J, f , G, s,
/ei/ in 'place' is
'Messiah').
Another problem with triphthongs is that before an consonant at the beginning of a following syllable, the distinction between /aia/ and /ai/ seems to be neutralised - it seems to make no difference whether one represents 'Irish', 'irate' as
date.
BBC
pronunciation.
very
much reduced
in
Ivl
there
is
no
regular
edition
is to
transcribe such cases as /aia-
(b)
/ae/,
classified as a short
vowel,
is
nevertheless comparatively long before /b, d, g, d3, m, n/. The quality of this vowel is more open
used to be, and the symbol /a/ might one day We have retained the /ae/ symbol partly because it is phonetically appropriate for the corresponding American vowel.
than
it
be considered preferable.
The vowel /a/ used to be a back vowel, and the symbol was chosen for this reason. This is no longer a back vowel, but a central one. Alternative symbols could be considered in the future. (c)
(d)
Among younger
moved
to
a
more
speakers, the lull vowel has
front quality, with less lip-
rounding, particularly
when preceded by
/j/
as in
seems
to
be a
'use'.
(e)
Among
the diphthongs, there
progressive decline in the use of /ua/, with h\l taking its place (e.g. the pronunciation of the word 'poor' as /po:/
is
increasingly
in
/.
American English
American English
The vowel
made
distinction
pronunciation. In general, the practice of this
length compared
with /ei/ in 'plays' or 'play'. (b)
is
done (i) when there is a morpheme boundary (e.g. 'buyer' /bai.^V) and (ii) when the word is felt to be foreign (this includes many Biblical names originating from Hebrew, e.g.
causes existing teaching
materials and textbooks to become out of The following remarks apply chiefly to
(a)
necessary to insert a syllable division. This usually
common).
is
commonly
described
as
having lax vowels, tense vowels, and wide diphthongs. Generally speaking, lax vowels are lower and made with less oral tension; they do not usually end syllables. Vowel length in American English is generally considered to be conditioned by phonological environment, so the long/short distinction described for BBC English is not usually present, though we have retained the length mark on the tense vowels /ii a: o: 3: u:/ in order ,
,
,
,
mark their relationship to the English long vowels. Since the diphthongal movement in /ei/ and /ou/ is small in American pronunciation, these are treated as tense vowels. Vowels preceding Ixl are notably influenced by rhotic colouring. Word spellings such as 'bird', 'word', 'curd', 'earth', 'jerk', which now rhyme with 1 2^ I in American English, at one time in history had differing vowels. The retroflexed vowels 1 2^1 and /a^/, stressed and unstressed, are to
among
those features that noticeably distinguish
American English from occurring before
Ixl
BBC
English. All vowels
within a syllable are likely to
become "r-coloured"
to
some extent.
ix
Introduction
a u 3
•
lax vowels:
i
e
ae
•
tense vowels:
i:
a: o: 3: u: ei
•
wide diphthongs: au ai oi retroflexed vowels ("r-coloured")
•
2.3
ou
Consonants
(a) British
.
3^
•
English (BBC)
Plosives:
There is an issue in the symbolization of the diphthong in the word "home". This has for many years been represented as /au/, but in earlier editions of this and others of Jones' works the symbolization /ou/ indicated a rounded initial vowel. This is still the preferred transcription for the
American English diphthong. In order
preserve compatibility with other works,
chosen to use /au/ for American.
BBC
•
•
Fricatives:
in
'bother'): 'bother'
rhymes with
•
0
5
d3 Jane
v
f
vine think this
s
z
seal
Zeal
Nasals:
m
n
g
sum
sun
sung
1
r
w
j
light
right
wet
yet
Approximants:
These consonants can be arranged in table form as shown below. The layout of the symbols follows the principle that, where there are two consonants which differ only in voicing, they are placed side by side with the voiceless one to the left.
BBC Certain types of consonant have a distinction such as that between HI and /d/; this is commonly
(e.g. 'hot', 'top',
'father'.
g
gum
h 3 J sheep measure how
English and /ou/ for
many words
k kin
to
/ae/
vowel
d din
tj
fine
vowel is somewhat closer than BBC /ae/, and seems to be evolving into an even closer vowel in many speakers. It is used in the same words as BBC /ae/ and also in most of the words which in BBC have I ail when there is no letter r in the spelling and a fricative consonant at the end of the syllable, (e.g. 'pass', 'ask'). The quality of American /ai/ is similar to the BBC /a:/ vowel; it is used in some of the words which have /a:/ in BBC when there is no letter r in the spelling short /d/
Affricates:
we have
(e.g. 'father', 'calm'). It also replaces the
t
tin
chain
•
The American
b bin
p pin
(a)
American
h\l is more open in quality than BBC h\l It is used where BBC has /d:/ (e.g. 'cause', 'walk'), and also replaces BBC short /d/ in many words, e.g. 'long',
classed as a distinction between voiceless and
American /u:/ is similar to BBC /u:/, but is where BBC has /ju:/ after alveolar
as voiceless are /p, t, k, f, 0, s, J, h, t//, with voiced partners /b, d, g, v, d, z, 3, d3/. Since the
.
'dog'.
voiced consonants, but the distinction
much more complex. Consonants
also used
consonants
(e.g.
presence or absence of voicing
'new', 'duty').
is in
is
often
important than some other phonetic features,
been
suggested
that
instead
fact
usually classed
the
less it
has
terms fortis
(equivalent to voiceless) and lenis (equivalent to
voiced) should be used. These terms imply that the
amount of energy consonants being made with greater energy than lenis). These terms main distinguishing
used
factor
is
the
in the articulation (fortis
Table of English Consonants Bilabial
Plosive
Labio-dental
Dental
b
P
Alveolar
f
Fricative
m
V
0
d
Palatal
z
s
approximant
J
g
(X)
3
n
D
1
w
Glottal
d3
Lateral
Approximant
Velar
k tj
Affricate
Nasal
°ost-alveolar
d
t
r
j
h
Introduction
are not used in this dictionary, since the usefulness
of this terminology characteristics of the
is
uncertain.
Some
of the
/p,tj-/z
'aeb.
abbac|y
-ei.tir)
abbreviation a,bri:.vi'ei.J^n abbreviatory a'brii.vi.a.tri,
-kei.tid -a.tis,
a'baet .IS -es 'aeb.a.ti.siz (yp -ti-,
'aeb.a.twa:'^
®
-ei.tid -ator/s -ei.taVz
-eating
-'beit.mant/s
abat(t)is
a'bri:.vil.eit -ates -eits
-ei.tir)
a.brii.vi'ei.t^r.i
-ed
-ir)
abatabjle a'bei.ta.bl^l (5D -ta- -ly -11 a|bate al'beit -bates -'beits -bating
abaxial
aardvark'a:d.va:k®'a:rd.va:rk-s-s
aardwoljf
-ating
a bas
abattoir
®
'ail.bDig
abbrevijate
-'baeft
abandon
/-ser.i/
Cos'tello
-'daen
aeb.a'lau.ni (5D -'lou-
'aeb.a.tiiz
A&M ei.and'em
(®
III in
all in
®
® -kou
a'baet .i.siz alternative plur.:
'ai.kan
Aalborg
aeb,
abacus
-'bei.tii)
AA ,ei'ei stress shift: ,AA pat'rol AAA Amateur Athletics Association:
ab-
'aeb.a.kau
at
Abbotsford 'aeb.ats.fad -fa^d abbotship 'aeb.at.Jip -s -s Abbott aeb. at -s -s .Abbott and
a'baek
Abaco
abash
,A-1 con'dition
-'ioiT stress shift:
aback
vowels hi and
weak syllables, and may also not be pronounced British English, due to compression, e.g.:
@) er/or /ae @) e,
car
I
letter
a, e.g.:
-'do:. ma- -ly
-i
ab'djui.s^nt, aeb-
aeb'du:-, -'dju:-
ab'dAkt, aeb-ed -id -or/s -aVz
abduction
Abdul
-s -s
®
-ing -ig
-3^/z
ab'dAk.J^n, aeb- -s -z
'aeb.dul
Abdulla(h)
aeb'dAl.a, ab-, -'dul-
Abe eib abeam a'bi:m abecedarian
®
,ei.bi:.si:'dea.ri.an
-'der.i-
1
d Becket - Abnaki
Abbreviations
predictable and must be treated on a word-by-word basis.
Some words or phrases are abbreviated to initial letters. In this case, the item may be pronounced as the initial
Examples
which the
The pronunciation of individual abbreviations
is
not
letters,or in
are to
be found
in titles
Mr
/'mis.taV
Mrs
/'mis.iz/
@
UCLA
/'dok.taV
(yD /'da:k.t3^/
Esq
/is'kwaisV
(y|)
is
/,
/et'ael/
(y|) /-'a:l/
etc.(ercefera)
/it'set.ar.a/
(ys)
\.e.(idest)
/^ai'ii/
'eeb.sl.reit
®
-rating -rei.tir) -rei.tid® -rei.tid
,aeb.ed'ni:.g3u,
® -gou
o'bed.ni.gau
aberration
®
Abelmeholah
Abertillery
Abenaki .aeb.a'naek.i® ,a:.b3'na:.ki, .aeb.a'raev.^n
Abercanaid Abercarn .aeb.a'kain
®
-a^'aev-
.aeb.a'kaen.aid
Aberconway
®
®
,-3"-
-3>-'ka:rn
,aeb.9'kDn.wei
® -a^'kam-
Aberconwy ,aeb.3'kDn.wi®-3^'ka:n-
®
-a^.koirn Abercorn 'aeb.s.kDin Abercrombie, Abercromby
'aeb.s.krom.bi, -krAm-; .aeb.a'krom.bi, -'krAm-a^.kraim-, -3^'kra:m-
Aberdare .aeb.a'des''® Aberdeen .aeb.a'diin
®
-
-a^'der
-a^'- -shire Jir stress shift:
®
®
®
,aeb.a^- family
name:
,aeb.3'gen.i
®
-a^'-
,aeb.3'ne0.i, -'nii.Gi
'aeb.a^'neG.i
aberran|t
aeb'er.^nlt, a'ber-;
'aeb.s.r'nit -ce -ts -cy -t.si
2
®
'aeb.a^.nae6-
Abernethy
® -'d3ur
-s -z
ablatje -ing
®
asb'hoir, ab-
a
city: asb '
.
'
.
i
.
a
-0a^
-es -z
-ig
-id
a
Abidjan
,aeb.i:'d3a:n,
-i'-
'aeb.i.geil -s -z
in Syria: ,aeb.i'li:.ni, -a'- in
ablaut ablaze
Abimelech a'bim.a.lek Abingdon 'aeb.irj.dan -d3a>Abinger 'aeb.in.dsa"^ Abington 'aeb.ig.tan ab initio .aeb.i'nij.i.au, -a'-, -'nis-
®
'-I-
-ou'-
a'blei.J'n, aeb'lei-
ab|le
,aeb-
®
'aeb.la.tiv
-tiv -s -z
a'bleiz
-la^®-3l.3^,
'ei.bl^l -ler-'l.a^,
-lest -^l.ast, -last, -^l.ist, -hst
-la^
-ly-3l.i,-li
-able a.b^l Note: Suffix. Does not normally affect stress patterning, e.g. knowledge
/'nol.ids®
® nai
'na:.lid3/, '
.
li-/;
rely /ri
'
.
i
.
lai/,
dsa b^l .
reliable
I
lai a b^l/. In some cases, however, the stress patterning may change, /r
.
'
e.g.
.
admire/ad'maia''®-'maia-/, a b ^1/. aed m
admirable / able-bodied
®
.
.
'
.
.ei.b^l'bod.id
'ei.b^l,ba:.did, .ei.b^l'ba:- stress
British only: .able-bodied 'person
shift,
Ablett 'aeb.lat, -lit ablution a'blui.T^n -ably
,ei.bai.at»'d3en.a.sis,
®
.aeb.la'tai.v^l
'aeb.laut -s -s
'
-ability a'bil. a. ti, i.ti® a.ti Note: Suffix. Words containing -ability always exhibit primary stress as shown above, e.g. capability
-ed -id
,aeb'lei.tiT)
knowledgeable / nol
abilit|ya'biLa.tli,-i.tli®-a.tli-ies-iz
® -oo abiogenesis ®
®
ablative
-t -t
-ed -d
-ir)
-a^/z
,aeb'lei.tid
ablatival
-a^/z
®
a'bleit, aeb'leit, ,aeb'leit -es -s
-IT}
ablation
-ring -ig -red -d -rer/s -sVz
® abhorrenjce sb'hor.^nlfs, a'borsb® name: bai a Ab Abiathar ® -ing -ed abidje a'baid abode 'baud ® -'boud
®
aeb-, -'dso:'^
-es -z -ing
-er/s -aVz
-dsa'-,
-d3a'-, -dsu'- -s -z
abjur|e ab'dsua^,
-'bet.ir)
abeyance a'bei.snis abhor 9b'h^:^ s'bo:""
®
-dsua'-
/,kei.pa'bil.a.ti®-a.ti/.
-a^'-
-a^'Abergele .aeb.a'gel.i Aberkenfig .aeb.a'ken.fig Abernathy ,aeb.3'nae0.i
® ®
®
®
®
abjuration .aeb.dsu'rei.pn,
-ur
US: 'aeb.a.lim
Aberdour .aeb.s'daus'^® -^^'daua^ -a^'Aberdovey .aeb.a'dAv.i -a^'Aberfan .aeb.a'vaen Abergavenny place: .aeb.a.gs'ven.i
® ®
®
-betted -'bet. id -'bet. id -bettor/s -'bet.aVz -'bet.a^/z -betment -'bet.mant
Abilene
-a^'dou- -s -z
®-da--cates-keits-cating-kei.tir) -kei.t id -kei.tir) -cated -kei .t id
al'bet -bets -'bets -betting
-'bet.ir)
abigail (A)
.aeb.a'dau.ni.an
-ba^t
,aeb.3'ris.?wi9
a'bai.a.Ba"^
.Aberdeen 'station
Aberdonian
ajbet
ia biblical
®
-Ja^,
laeb.a'trid.ua"^
-'-
-ness -nas, -nis
-li
abjection aeb'dsek.pn abjudijcate aeb'dsui.dil.keit, ab-
-a^'-
,aeb.3.ti'le3.ri, -ts'-
Abertridwr
® ®
-ly
-a^.ta'ler.i
aeb'hDir-,
®
-J'^^ -Ji3^
®
Aberystwyth
,aeb.3'-,-'naek.i-s-z
Aberavon
®
-'ou-
.aeb.i'au.la
-'ai.tik abiotic .ei.bai'ot.ik 'aeb.dsekt, abject 'aeb.dsekt
,aeb.3'rei.J'n -s -z
Abersychan .aeb.a'sik.an -bs^it, Abert 'ei.bsit, -bat
.ei.b^l.mi'hau.b,
/-'set.W
® ® ®
Abiola
-rates -reits -rated
-rei.tir)
Abel 'ei.b^l Abeiard 'aeb.s.laid, '-i-® -laird
® -'hou-
/|i:'d3i:/
etal(efo//o)
dez'rez/
aberjrate
a'bek.it
s'bed
Abednego
e.g.(exempli gratia)
/bms/
/'brAd.a^z/
res [desirable residence)
-ma'-
/|en.bi:'ei/
(University of California Los Angeles] /ju:.si:.el'ei/
common, but do not all follow the same pattern, some being pronounced in full, some as letters, and some as they are
may be pronounced
/'brAd.az/, (US)
abed
/^ern'os/
written, e.g.:
Bros.(Brof/}er5)
a Becket
(see, for
spelt, e.g.:
the way it
des
word
as a
Abbreviations derived from Latin words and phrases are
/'es.kwaia^/
However, in some cases, an abbreviation
not the same as an acronym, in
MS (multiple sclerosis; manuscript) NBA (National Basketball Association)
used for people, e.g.:
Dr
is
pronounced
example, A/ZITO), e.g.:
Some good examples of abbreviations which are spoken in full
This
full.
letters are
-s -z
a.bli
Note: Suffix. Behaves as -able above.
Abnaki
aeb'naek.i
®
-'noi.ki -s -z
abnegjate - abuzz abnegjate
'aeb.ni.gleit, -negi.eit,
-ns.gleit -ates -eits -ating -ei.tir)
®-ei.tio -ated
abnegation
®
-ei.tid
-ei.tid
name in Britain often also:
.aeb.ni'geij'n, -neg'ei-,
-na'gei- -s -z
®
ab-
®
®
abnormitly
®
,aeb.n3:'mael.3.tli,
-no:r'mael.3.tli -ies -iz
aeb'noMna.tli, ab-, -mi-
-'noir.ma.tii -ies -iz
® -ou ABO ,ei.bi:'3u® -'ou aboard a'boid ® abode a'baud ® -'boud abolish ® abo
'aeb.su
-s -z
s'bol.ij
-ing -ig -ed
-s -z
-er/s -sVz
-t
®
-a^/z
® -,ba:m
-nei.tid
abscess
3,bDm.i'nei.J^n,
-a'-
.aeb.a'rids.^n.^l,
-i
®
a|bort al'bDit -'boirt -borts -'boits ®-'bo:rts -borting -'boi.tir) -'boir.tig -borted -'boi.tid
®
aborticide a'boi.ti.said -'boir.taabortifacient a.boi.ti'feiji.ant, -X^nt ®-,bo:r.t3'-
® abortive a'boi.tiv ®
-'boir.tiv -ly
,asb.u:'ki3'", -u'-
s'baund
-s -z
®
-ing
-li
-'kir
-ir)
-ed -id
9'baut -es -iz -ing
-ed -d
about-turn a.baut 't3:n
®
-'ta^rn -s -z
above a'bAv above-board
® aboveground s.bAv'graund ® 3'bAV.graund above-mentioned a.bAv'men.fJ^nd ® -'meni. J^nd a,bovementioned 'person ab ovo ,aeb'3u.v3u ® -'ou.vou stress shift:
.aeb.rs.ks'daeb.ra -s -z
abradje s'breid
Abraham biblical 'a:-
-es -z -ing -ig -ed -id
'ei.bra.haem,
-'saip-
-'sairp-, -'zairp-
-'saip-
-'sDirp-, -'zairp-
aeb'stein,
-s -z
-ing -ig
-a>-/z
abstemious
aeb'stii.mi.as, ab- -ly
-li
-ness -nas, -nis
abstention
aeb'sten Jj^n, ab-
abstergent
-s -z
aeb'stsi.ds^nt, ab-s
abstinen|ce 'asb.sti.nanlis, -sta- -t abstract (n^adj.) 'aeb.straekt -s -s
-t
-as -az
-i
®
-a^/z
-s-z-ing-ig -ed-d
'aeb.s^nis -es -iz 'aeb.s^nt -ly
-li
,
absent
.aeb.s^n'ti:, -sen'--s-z
-ham as a
name in Britain often also:
-ism
.absentee ballot; .absentee 'landlord '-Ji.a
.aeb.s^nt'main.did
-li -ness -nas, -nis stress .absent-minded 'person
shift:
®
®
.aeb.sa'luit,
'—
.asb.sa'luit.li, -'Ijuit-
® absolutjism ® absolutive ®
.aeb.sa'lui.pn, -'Ijui-
'aeb.s'l.ui.tli.z^m, -jui-
-sa.lui.tli- -ist/s -ist/s
.aeb.sa'lui.tiv, -'Ijui-
-'lui.tiv
-'solv
®
-'zai/v,
-'sa:/v, -'zai/v, -'sai/v -es -z -ing -ig
-ed -d -er/s -aVz
-ness
-'sa^id,
-li
-ness
ab'zai.dli.z^m, -'s3:-
-'zrM- -ist -ist ab'zsi.da.tii, -'ssi-, -di-
®
-a^/z
.oi.bui-,
-'daeb.i® .ai.bui'dai.bi
Abu Ghraib .aeb.u'greib Abuja a'bui.dsa a'bui.li.a, ei-, -'bjui-
abundance a'bAn.dan^s abundant a'bAn.dant -ly -li
Abu
Nidal
®
.aeb.ui.nii'dail, .oi.bui-,
.ai.bui-
'ei.b^r.i
®
-ber-, -ba^-
a'bjuis -es -iz
abus|e(i;.)a'bjuiz-es-iz-ing-ig-ed-d
-er/s-aVz®-a^/z
Abu Simbel
®
.aeb.ui'sim.b^l, -bel
.ai.bui'-
abusive
'fabulous
-'lu:- -s -z
absolvje ab'zolv,
®
ABTA 'aeb.ta Abu 'ai.bui, 'aeb.u: Abu Dhabi .aeb.ui'dai.bi,
abusje (n.)
.aeb.sa'luit-, 'aeb.sa.luit- stress
absolution
® absurditjy ®
Abury
-es -s -est -ast, -ist -ness -nas, -nis
s/ij/it.-.absolutely
ab'zsid, -'s3id
absurdjism
-'dael
absinth(e) 'aeb.saeG, -sin^G absolut|e .aeb.sa'luit, -ljuit,
absolutely
absurd
abulia
aeb'sen.ti.a, -'sen^./i-
absent-minded
-li
-nas, -nis
-'ss^i.da.tli, -'z3>-i- -ies -iz
stress shift, see compounds:
® -'senija,
aeb-
aeb'struis, ab- -ly
-'s3>-:-,
,
absentia
abstriction ab'strik.J^n,
-nas, -nis
'aeb. sell, -sail
-'sents-senting-'sen.tig®-'sen.tig -sented-'sen.tid®-'sen.tid
.
aeb- -s -s -ing -ig
-'z3^id -est -ist, -ast -ly
ab|sent(i;.)aebl 'sent ab- -sents
z
'aeb.straek^l.li,
ab'straeki-, aeb'- -ness -nas, -nis
abstruse
'aeb.si, -zi
absencje
-s -z
-ed -id
aeb'sij.^n, -'S13- -s -z
absent {adj.)
abstraction aeb'straekj^n, ababstraction|ism
abstrict ab'strikt,
aeb'sisl.a, ab- -ae
'aeb.s^l.uit, -ju:t
s.bAv'boid a'bAv.boird
abracadabra
-'sai-
abstract|ly -ing -ig
-iz
-ly
about-fac|e a.baut'feis -ir)
-'bruit-
-ing -ig -ed -id -er/s -a Vz
abseil
-I
-ness -nss, -nis
about
Abse
absentee
-'boir- -s -z
-ist/s -ist/s
abound
®
without leave
-'bD:r.tid
s'boi.J^n
-li
abstract(i;.)aeb'straekt ab- -s-s -ing -ig-ed/ly-id/li
abscond aeb'skond, ab-®-'ska:nd
-z
Aboukir
-est -ast,
-a^
aeb'sis.in
absciss|a
-s -z
abortion
-'sDir-, -'zair- -ly
-'sai-
aBb'straek./3nl.i.z3m,ab--ist/s-ist/s
abscisje aeb'saiz, ab- -es -ed-d
abscission
aborigine(A),£eb.3'rid3.3n.i,-i.ni-s
® ®
-ra'-
'aeb.ses, -sis -es -iz
abscisin
ae,b5:.ma:'J'ei, -,bDn-
-i.n'l -s -z -ly
-li
®-'steni.J^n
®
-ness -nas, -nis
ABS ,ei.bi:'es Absalom 'aeb.s^l.am
-,ba:.mi'- -s -z
aboriginal (A)
®
abruption a'brAp.J^n Abruzzi a'brut.si, -'bruit-
'-s-
® a bon marche ® -.boun.mair'-
-'sair-, -'zair- -ly
,
®-nei.tid
abomination
-li
-'sairb,
ab'zoi.ban^.si, -'sai-
® absorbent ab'zai.bant, ® absorbing ab'zai.big, ® absorption ab'zaip.J^n, ® absorptive ab'zaip.tiv, ® abstain ab-ed -d -er/s -aVz ®
®-'st3^:- -s
-ist -ly
-neits
-nei.tir)
-gates
-s -z
® -'bai.mi- -nates -nating -nated ® -nei.tir)
-ra-
.aeb.rao'gei./^n
A'Brook a'bruk abrupt a'brApt -er -a"^
®-'ba:.mi--ly-li-leness-^l.n3s,-nis a'bom.il.neit,
®
-s -z
abominab|le3'bDm.i.n3.bPl,-^n.3-
abomijnate
'aeb.raol .geit
abrogation
.aeb.aa'mei.sl^m
'ei,bDm
abrasion a'brei.s^n -s -z abrasive a'brei.siv, -ziv -ly -li -s -z abreact ,aeb.ri'aekt -s-s -ing-ig -ed-id abreaction ,aeb.ri'aek.J^n abreast a'brest abridgje a'brids -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d
-gated -gei.tid®-gei.tid
-ou'- -a -3
A-bomb
,erbraeg.kil.3l, a'braeg-,
-geit s -gating -gei.tig®-gei.tig
-ist/s -ist/s
®
absorbency
aeb'raeg- -ate -eit, -at
abrojgate
abolition ,aeb.3'lij'.=>n -s -z abolitionjism .aeb.a'lij.^nl.i.z'm
abomasjum
'a:-
a'braem.a.vitj,
®
-'bai.li / -es -iz
®
-'zoirb -s -z -ed -d -edly -id.li, -ad.li
-able -a.b^l
abridg(e)ment a'bnds.mant -s -s abroad a'broid -'braid, -'broid
-'boird
ab'zaib, -'saib
-'soir-, -'zair-
abranchijal -'no:r-
-ly-i
-i.tii
Abramovich
absorb biblical
aeb'raem-
Abner 'aeb-na"" -na^ abnormal aeb'nD:.m='l, abnormalitjy
Abrahams 'ei.bra.haemz Abram 'ei.bram, -braem as a
a'bjui.siv, -ziv -ly
-li
-ness
-nas, -nis
ajbutal'bAt -buts-'bAts -butting -'bAt.ig®-'bAt.ig-butted-'bAt.id -'bAt .id -buttal -'bAt ^1 -'bAt ^1
® ®
®
.
.
abutilon
a'bjui.ti.lan, -Ion -ta.lain, -Ian -s -z
abutment a'bAt.mant abutter a'bAt .a'^ abuzz a'bAZ
®
-s -s
-'bAt
.a- -s
-z
3
Abydos
-
accommo|date
Accent may refer to prominence given to a
Accent
Major differences between
syllable
(seesTRESs),ortoa particular way of pronouncing. This panel concentrates
on the
vowel
latter definition.
like butter,
English
Examples for English Speakers
Cockney
example, there are accents such as Scots,
London), and Scouse
United States the
(in
Liverpool),and
in
the
New York accent differs considerably from
commonly heard
that
in
non-rhotic,that is,an in
r in
is
in
words
rhotic while
British
the spelling
is
always
US English,butonly where a vowel follows
in
British English,e.g.:
may share the same grammar and vocabulary,
(in
is
and the fact that US English
pronounced
but pronounce what they say with different accents. In Britain,for
and US English include the
British
words such as g/oss, the use of a flapped A/
in
glass
/gla:s/
(ys)
/glaes/
butter
/'bAt.aV
@)
/'bAt.a^/
car
/ka:V
®
/ka:r/
More information on the accents chosen to represent
British
Texas. There are also different world
and American English
standard English accents, such as
British,
is
given
the Introduction.
in
American,
Australian, Indian or Singaporean.
Abydos
a'bai.dos, -das; 'aeb.i.dos
(up a'bai.dais; 'aeb.i-
abysm
s'biz.^m
abysmal abyss
-s -z
s'biz.m^l -ly
-i
a'bis -es -iz
abyssal
a'bis.^l
Abyssini|a,aEb.i'sin.il.3,-3'--an/s -an/z
AC, a/c (t/SafiZjreu. /or air conditioning)
mania maniac /'mei.ni.aek/.
stress patterning, e.g.
a/c {abbrev.for account) a'kaunt
acacia
a'kei.Ja, '-si.a
academe
-
-a^d
a'kui.tla^
a'kui.tla^ -a^d
-^r.ir)
Accra -i.tig
®
-i.tir)
accreditation
-its -its -iting
-ited -i.tid
®
-i.tid
a, kred.i'tei.pn® -a'-
accre|te
a'kriilt, aek'riilt -tes -ts
-ting
-tio -ted -tid
-tir)
®
®
accretion a'krii.pn, aek'ri:accretive a'krii.tiv, aek'ri:-
®
accrual
-s -z
accruement
-ing
-ir)
Aceldama
-'sel-;
-aceous always exhibit primary stress as shown above, e.g. herbaceous /hsi'bei.Jas
a'sef.^l.as, ,ei-, -'kef-
® ® ® -bei.tid ®
'aes.a.lbeit
'-a^-
-bated -bei.tid
-bates
-bei.tir)
acerbic a's3:.bik, aes'3:-aUy -^l.i, -li acerbity a's3:.ba.ti, -bi-
a'ss^:-
-ated -ei.tid
a,si:.ta'min.a.fan,
,aes.i.ta'-; a,si:.ta'-,
'aes.i.teit, '-a- -s -s
-ying
-ai.ir)
-ed -d
acetin
aek'Al-
acetone 'aes.i.taun, '-a-®-toun acetose aes t aus -a- -t auz -t ous acetous 'aes.i.tas, '-a-® 'aes.i.tas;
-ei.tir)
-ei.tid
accumbenjt a'kAm.banIt -cy -^.si accumujlate a'kju:.mjal.leit, -mju-
i
.
'
,
acetum
® ®
a'sii.tam
®
® -tam
'aes. i. tail, '-a-, -til; a'si:-, -tail
ae'set.M,
acetyl|ate
;i:l;
a'tj'i:v.mant -s -s
Achil(l)
aek.il
Achilles
a'kil.i:z
A.chilles heel
-i:r-®-'ser
.aej.il'seaf,
Achin a'tjiin Achish 'ei.kij"
® -,ka:n.drarplei.3i.a, -plastic achoo ®
,ei-
-'plaes.tik
a'tju:, 'ae.tju:
Achray a'krei, a'xrei achromatic .aek.raa'maet.ik,
®
.aek.ra'maet- -ally
achromatism
-^l.i
a'krau.ma.ti.z^m,
® -'krouachromatizje, ® -'krou-
-es -iz -ing
achromatous
a'krau.ma.tas,
,ei-
,ei-
-is|e a'krau.ma.taiz, -ir)
-ed -d ,ei-
'a:x.tur), 'aex-
®
'a:x-,
'a:k-
achy
'ei.ki
acicul|a a'sik.ju.lla, -ja- -ae
-i
-ar -a
acid 'aes. id -s -z -ly -li -ness -nas, -nis acid ,drop; ,acid rain; ,acid test, acid ,test 'aes. id.
acidity
bed
-s -z
a'sid.a.ti, aes'id-, -i.ti
a'si:. Pi
a'set.i.lleit, -^ll.eit
-'set.a.lleit, -'si:.ta- -ates -eits
®
-a.ti
acidiz|e, -is|e 'aes.i.daiz -es -iz -ing -IT) -ed -d
acidophilus
a'sii-
acetyl
-lei.tir)
'-i-®-tin ,
-ating
®
-ied -aid
.
-ed -d
acidifjy a'sid.i.f lai, aes'id- -ies -aiz -ying -ai.ir) -ied -aid
acid
a'si:.ti.flai, aes'i:-, -'set.i-
'
achievement
-ir)
-a^/z
acidic a'sid.ik
a'si:.tik, aes'i:-, -'et.ik
'aes.a.tin,
a'^J'u:.li.an
®
acidhead
-,set.a'-
-'krui.al
-tja'rei-
-lates -leits -lating
acetaminophen
acetic
Acheulean, Acheulian a cheval ,ae.Ja'vael
achtung
a's3^:.ba.ti
acetate
'aetj.i.s'n, '-a-
®-'krou.ma.tas
Acestes a'ses.ti:z, -'kesacetabul|um .aes.i'taeb.ja.llam, -ju-ums -amz -a -a -ar -a"^ -a^ acetaldehyde .aes.i'tael.di.haid, -da-
®
®
Acheson
iCi.kraa-
-belts -bating -bei.tir)
,aes.i-
a'tjei.bi
Achernar 'eLka-nai"^® -ka^.na:r -ra:n Acheron 'aek.a.ron, -r^n
stress shift: .achromatic 'lens
a'sei.ki.a, -'si:- -s -z
acerjbate
®
ha^-/.
ei'sef-, a-
acequia
-t
-a^/z
a'tj'u:
®
®
-ti:z
-ed
a.kon.drayl'plei.zi.a, -3a
Words containing
acephalous
®
-irj/li
achondrojplasia
a'sel.da-
'ei-Jas, 'ei.Ji.as
Note: Suffix.
Achebe
-ing/ly
-s
AchilleSerre
a'kel.da.ma,
®
Achaeja a'ki:l.a -an/s -an/z Achaia a'kai.a Achates a'kei.ti:z, -'ka:-
® A'chilles ,heel
®
acculturation a.kAl.tJ^r'ei.pn,
®
-ing
-iz
a'sii.tik a.cetic
a'kru:. mant
-tja.rleit -ates -eits
aek.Al-
-s -z
-ir)
accultur|ate a'kAl.tprl.eit, -ei.tir)
-a^/z
-'set. a- -ies -aiz
a'kru:.al, -'krual -z
®
a'si:.di.a
® acetifjy ®
'aek.rir).tan
accruje a'kru: -es
® ®
-tid
a'krii.tiv
Accrington
ac|e eis -es
a'set.i.Ii:n, -^l.i:n
-'set.a.li:n
a'tji:v -es -z -ing -able -a.b^^-er/s -aVz
-ig/li
,ei.si:'di:.si:
-aceous
.aes.a.t^l'-
achievje -ing/ly
®
a'kra:, aek'ra:
accredjit a'kredl.it
-iz
a'kAs.tam
-ed -d -er/s -aVz
.aek.el'da:-
acjcount al'kaunt -counts -'kaunts
-i.ti®
a'kjui.za.t^r.i;
a'kjui.za.tair.i
acedia
,aek.u:'J"3:z -es -iz
accountab|le
,aek.ju'zei.pn, -ja'- -s -z
accusje a'kjuiz -es
,aes.i.tairkau.li:n,
a,si:.t^rkou-, -.set.^i'-;
-er/s -aVz
®
®
®
achje eik -es
a'kju:.z'l -s -z
accusatory
a.set.i'lei.pn, -^I'ei-
-.set.a'lei-
®
-li
accusatival a.kjui.za'tai.v^l -tiv -s -z accusative a'kju:.za.tiv accusativity a,kju:.za'tiv.a.ti, -i.ti ®-a.ti
AC/DC
,aek.u:'Jy: -s -z
accountability
-ness
-ed/ness -d/nas, -nis
a'kuij.mdio
®-ma:nt, laek.uij'md: accoucheur ,aek.u:'/3:^
-li
a'k3:.sid, -'kaist
a'ka^ist, -'k3^:.sad -ly
accustom
-ed -id
accouchement
-ly
-rit
acin|ose
-ated -ei.tid
-ei.tig
-ei.tid
acetykholine
®
,aek.ju'zei-, -ja'-, -tri
© ®
a'koi.dir)
-ja^.a-,
-nas, -nis
accomplish
® ®
®
-ei.tir)
acetylation
,-a-
'aek.ja.rat, -ju-, -rit
®-ja^.at, -ju.rat,
-i.a^/z
-es -iz
®
'aek.ja.ra.si, -ju-
-ating
acetylene
accurate
accomplicje a'kAm.plis, -'kom-
accord a'koid -,
ael'aes-
-ta:r,
-ster
,a:k.rou'tir.i
Akroyd
a'laer.am; -'la:.
'ael.a.sta^ -stea""
,aek.and.av'swDt
a'laes.
'aek.raid
al-al,ael .ea.ta'sai.fis
,er.ta's3^:.fas stress shift:
air-to-surface 'missUe 'ea.ta:z, -tuaz
air traffic 'ea.traef .ik
airwave
®
® -'ga:r.dou
'ei.kaz
'aek.aed
®
Alamo
® -ba:r
Akerman
®
a'laed.in
-ta-
.er.ta-
Airtours"
,aek.a'bu:.si
'ei. kan.
Akron
Aladdin
French: -fua'njei
'aek.a
.aek.a'hii.tau
'aek.ba:^
Akkad
a'laek.ra.ti, -ri.ti
ael'e:n Alain man's name: ael'se woman's name: a'lein Alain-Fournier ael.se'foi.ni.ei as if
'aed3.u.tid3, a'd3u:t-
Akenside
akin -nis
a'laek.a.dei, a,laek.a'dei
alacrity
®
ai'kei.la
akimbo
-s -z
'ea.sik
a'laek
alackaday
®: 'ei.dsaeks
Akihito ,aek.i'hi:.tau®
'er- -s -s
,ael.a'ka:t, ,a:.la:'-
'cave
man ® ® Akhmatova ak'mai.ta.va, ,a:k.ma'tau- ® Ak'mai.ta.va,
,er- stress shift, see
'ea.Jip
akela
la
-'gouAlagoas ,ael.a'gau.as a la grecque .ael.a'grek, ,a:.la:'-
-tji.ou
,ai.ka'hi:.tou
Akers
'er- -s -z
® ® air-sea ® compound: ,air-sea rescue ® airship airshow 'ea.Jau ® 'er.Jou ® -ness -nas, airsick airspace 'ea.speis ® ® airspeed airstream 'ea.striim ® airstrike 'ea.straik ® ® airstrip ® airtight airtime 'ea.taim ® air-to-air ® .es'si:
-/ai'pel
'aed3.a.tid3, a'dsu:-
Akbar
-men -man, -men
® carte ®
alack
AKA, aka ,ei.kei'ei, Akaba 'aek.a.ba
®
,ael.a'baes.ta^
,a:.la'ka:rt, ,ael.a'-
a'jaetj.i.au, a'dsaes.i.au
Akabusi Akahito
'er.laik -s -s
'a:. la:, 'a:. la,
'ael.a.baes.ta^
a
.eiks.lei'bee, ,eks-,
® a:'ja:.tJou,
ajutage -it)
®
®
-'ba:.sta^ 'ael.a.baes.ta^ -bai.sta""
football team: 'ai.aeks
-ed -id
.
.ael.a'baem.a, -'bai.ma
alabaster (A)
ajar a'd3a:'"®-d3a:r Ajax cleaning substance
'er-
'er- -s -5
airlift 'ea.lift
-ing -ig
'er- -es -iz
:
'
® -'baem.a
-'baer)
Ajaccio
air-kiss 'ea.kis -ed -t
®
.
la 'ael.a:, 'a:. la:
Alabama
,eiks.la:.J"aep'el,
®
Aix-les-Bains
-nss, -nis
airing 'ea.rir) .cupboard
,eks-, -Ja'pel
I
'ael.a
-s -z
-a:n.prou'vd:s
Aix-la-Chapelle
'er- -s -z
.
Ala. {abbrev.for Alabama) -'baem.a .ael.a'baem.a, -'bai.ma
a
Aitchison 'ei.tji.s^n Aith eie Aitken 'eif.kin, -kan Aix eiks, eks Aix-en-Provence
®
'er- -s -z
abdomen becomes abdominal dom n ^1/ /- da ma-/,
'
/.aeds.ik'tai.v^l/.
locally: 'ei.z^l.bi
,eiks.d:m.pra'vd:ns, ,eks-
-s -s
forming
is
adjective becomes adjectival
-es -iz
aitchbone
'er.fer -s -z
'ea.fea"^
e.g.
®
,ea.ri'fea.ri
ail -s -z
aitch
/a'rauz/,
usually either stressed one or two syllables before the suffix,
item
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
Aisha ai'ii.Ja Aislaby 'eiz.la.bi aisle
'er.a^ -s -z
airfield 'ea.fiild
airgraph
-s -z
®
arouse
/a'rau.z^l/. In
adjectives, however, the resulting
®
stress shift: ,airy-fairy 'concept
'er.i
® ® ® airf leet airf low 'ea.fbu ® air-foil ®
airfare
14
®
'eri .i -ier -i.a"^ air|y (A) 'ea.rii ®-i.a^-iest -Last, -i.ist -ily-i.li,
airy-fairy
-ied -d
,
-alal Note: Suffix. When forming a noun, -al does not normally affect the stress
'er- -s -z
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
-s -z
airer
®
'ea.wei
airjwornan 'eal.wum.an -women-,wim.in airworth|y 'ea,w3:.dli®
'ea.weiv
®
®
Note: Prefix. Examples include allocate /'ael.a.keit/, in which stressed,
®
'er.turz
'er-
'er- -s -z
® AL
/-'lur/,
.ei'el
Alael
it is
and allure /a'ljuaV where it is unstressed.
alate 'ei.leit alb aelb -s -z
Alba
-s -s
'ael.ba
®
-koir albacore 'ael.ba. ka: Alba Longa ael.ba' lor). ga ,
®-'la:r).ga, -'b:r)-
-s -z
I
Alban - Alfa Romeo i
Alban Albani
ael'bai.ni
Albanija
Albany 'ael-
'dI-®
'Dil.ban,
London:
-an/s -an/z
®
'oil.ba.ni, 'ol-,
in Australia:
'a:l-,
'ael.bs.ni
®
albatross
Aldred
Alcmene
'a:l. bairn
-tra:s,
Aldrich
oil-, a:l-
Albers
-bi-® -marrl
bs. mail,
'ael.
Alberic 'ael.ba.rik Alberich 'ael.bs.rik,
®
-hail -s -z alcohol 'ael. ka. hoi -'hai.lik alcoholic .ael.ka'hol.ik
-rix
® ®
ael'bai.ts
® ®
albertite
'ael.ba.tait
Alberton
'ael.
'ael-,
-ba^-
Alcuin 'ael.kwm,
Alcyone
Aldbury
,ael.bi'gen/.si:z,
®
-z
®
'ail-
'ael.bju.b
®
'ail.bui-, -bjui-
-mm
-'nur.i-, -'njur-
'ael.ba,k3i-
®
'ael.ba.ka^i-
,--'--
® ®
ael'bai.nam
Albury 'ail.b^r.i, Alcaeus ael'sii.as
.ail.da.li'eds, ,d1-
,d1-
,ail.d3^'-, ,ail-
'ail.da^n, 'ail-
-s
ael'kael.dei, -di
®
'ol-®
'oil.da^-,
® Aldershot ®
'ail.daz.geit,
'ol-, -git
Alderson
Aldgate
'oil.da.t^n, 'ol-
® ®
'^Il.da^-,
Aldi"
'ail-
a'len.san;
.ael.ain'soun
® -ou ®
a'lep.au, ael'ep-
al'lsit
®
-lerts -'bits
-'la^it
-'la^it.li
-'Isit.li
-'bi.tir)
-'Isi.tid
,ael.i'saen.dri.a, -es'-
,ael.a'saen-, ,ai.la'sain-
a'les.i
Alethea
®
.ael.a'Gii.a; a'lii.Gi-; 'ael.i.Gi-
.ael.i'Gii.a; a'lii.Gi-
alethic
ael'ii.Gik, a'Hi-
Aletsch
® Aleut ®
'ael. It;,
'ai.litj, -let;
'ai.let; a'ljuit, -luit; 'ael.juit, -uit
a'luit; 'ael.juit, -i.uit -s -s
Aleutian A-level
a'ljui.;an, -'lui-
®
-'lui-
'ei.lev.^l -s -z
alewijfe
'eil.wailf -ves -vz
Alex 'ael.iks Alexander .ael.ig'zain.da^, -'ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-
®
-eg'-,
-'zaen.da^
Alexandra
.ael.ig'zain.dra, -eg'-,
'ol-®
'aild-,
'aild'ael.di
®
'ail-
Aldine-'ail.dain,
ol-,
-dim
Aldington
® ®
'oil. dig. tan, 'ol-
Aldis(s)
'oil.dis, 'ol-
®
®
-'zaen-
,ael.ig'zain.dri.a, -ag'-,
alexandrian
®
-'zaen-
,ael.ig'zain.dri.an,
®
-'zaen- -s -z
,ael.ig.zaen'drii.na,
-eg-, -ag-', -zain'-, -ik.sain'-
'oil-,
'ail-,
'ail-, 'ail-
,
ael.
ig'zaen. dram, -eg'-,
-ag'-, -'zain-, -ik'sain-
®
-'zaen.drin, -'zaen. dram -s -z
alexia
,ei'lek.si.a, a-
Alexis Alf aelf
a'lek.sis
alfalfa
Alfa
'a:l-
-al -^1
alembic a'lem.bik -s -s Alen^on 'ael.£en.s5i/7®
alexandrine
'aild. helm,
'a:l-
Alcestis ael'ses.tis
-ses -ziz
,ael.i'maen.ik, -a'-
-eg'-, -ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-
'ail.da^-,
'ailrf-, 'aild-
Alcatraz 'ael.ka.traez, ,-'Alcazar Spanish palace: ,ael.ka'zai 'ael.ka.zair; ael'kaez.a^ music hall: ael'kaez.a"^® -3^
'eil. hauls
-'zaen-, -ik'sain-
'ail.da.s^n, 'ol-
'aild.geit, 'ol-, -git
Aldhelm
Alcester '^Il.st^^ 'd1-® 'oil.sta^,
® -tou
'ael.ed, -id
Alexandrina
Alcan"^ 'ael.kaen
®
-lek
'ffil.ik,
a'lek.tau
Alexandria
'ail.da.Jot, 'ol-
'ail-
®
-dei -s -z
Alecto
-ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-
'a:l-
-'kail.di,
-^l.i, -li
Alex'ander tech.nique
'ail-
Alderton
alcaic (A) ael'kei.ik -s
alchemic ael'kem.ik
'ol-,
'ail.da.ni,
-ally
'ei.li.a.t^r.i, ,ael.i'ei.t^r.i
'ei.li.a.toir-
Alessi 'ail.da^, 'ail-
'oil.da^.Jait, 'ail-
-'ba-i- -s -z
'oil-, 'ail-
'ol-
-'toir-, -'tair-
®
'ol-
Alderney
.ael.i.a'tor.ik, ,ei.li-
® aleatory ®
®-'l3-i.tid
® alder|man (A) 'ail.dal.man, -men -man, -men ® aldermanic ,ail.da'maen.ik, ® Aldermaston 'ail.da.mai.stan ® aldern dan, -dsin ® 'oil.
'oild-,
eil -s -z
Alessandria
'oil.da^z-, 'ail-
esp.for
ale (A)
-'Is^i.tir)
ael'den.tei, ail-
®
'ail-, 'ail-
'old-®
-'la^it.nas, -nis
'aild. ^n. am, 'old-
'^Il.da^ 'ol-
®
'ol-, 'ael-
'aild.witj",
-'Isit.nas, -nis
'oild-, 'aild-
dente
-W3i0
'ol-,
'aildz-, -ws^iG
-'l3^its
'aild.ba^.ou, 'aild-
Aldersgate
,ael.ba'k3i.ki,
das,
'oil.
'oil-, 'ail-
'oil-, 'ail-
-lertly ® -lertness ® -lerting -lerted ®
'ail.da"^-, 'ail-
albuminoid ael'bjui.mi.nDid -s -z albuminous ael'bjui.mi.nas albuminuria .ael.bjui.mi'njua.ri.a
Albuquerque
'oil-,
'aild-
a|lert
'ail.da"^-, 'ail-
-men,
® ael'bjui.man 'ael.bju.mm, -bja.mm ® ael'bjui.man
alburnum
'aild.ber-,
.ail.da^-, ,ail-
albumin
alcalde
al
Aldus
'ol-®
'oildz.waG,
® 'aildz.wa^G,
Aleppo
Alderley Edge
.ael.bu'fea.ra
.ail.bui'fei.ra
person:
'ol-®
-s -z
album 'ael. bam -s -z albumen 'ael.bju.man,
®
'aild.b^r.a, 'ol- locally:
®
®
Aldsworth
Alemannic
'aild.b'r.i,
alder (A) 'Dil.brau®
®
'oil.drids, 'ol-
'oil.drin,
alehoujse
'ael-
'Dild.ba^.ou, 'aild-
Aldenham
'ail-
Albula
®
'ol-
Alde aild® aild, aild Aldebaran ael'deb.a.ran, -raen Aldeburgh 'aild.ber. a, 'd1-
®
Aldrin
Aled
aldehyde 'ael. di. hard, -da- -s -z Alden 'ail.d'n, 'ol'ail-, 'ail-
Albright 'oil.brait, 'ol-® 'ail-, 'diIAlbrighton 'Di.brai.t^n, 'oil-, 'd1-
Albufeira
'ael.kouv
'aild-, -ba^-
'ail.brekt
Albrow
'ail.kait,
ael'saia.ni
Aldborough
-t -t
-bi'dsenf-
®
'nl-®
'ael.kauv,
'oi.bra®
®
Aldridge
Alec(k)
-ba^-
albinism 'asl.bi.ni.z='m albino ael'bii.nau -'bai.nou -s Albinoni .ael.bi'nau.ni -'nouAlbinus ael'bii.nas Albion 'ael.bi.an Albrecht 'ael.brekt, -brext
®
®
-km
'oil.kat, 'ol-,
-kat
-s -z -d -d
-'ba^r.ta
® ®
'oil-,
®
'oil.dritj, 'ol-, -drids
aleatoric
alcove
ba. tan
'ail. das, 'ail-,
-dred®
'oil.drid, 'ol-,
Aldwych
-s -s
'ael.by:z,
'sel.bi
Albigenses
'ael.ka.hol.i.z^'m
-hai.li-
Alconbury 'oil.kan.b^r.i, 'di-, 'd1-, -kam-, -bri® 'ail.kan.ber.i, 'ail-,
-ba^t -s -s
albescen|ce ael'bes.'nUs Aibi
®
Alcott bat
.Albert Hall
Alberta
alcoholism
alcopop 'ael.kao.pDp®-kou.paip
-rik
'ail.ba^z 'ael.
®
-ba^-
'ael.bsiz, 'oil.baz
albert (A)
'ol-® 'ael.kaik,
'ail-,
-s -s stress shift: .alcoholic 'drink
®
Albemarle
'd1-®
'Gll-
aelk'mii.nii
Alcock 'ael.kok,
albedo ael'bii.dau -dou -(e)s -z Albee 'oil.bi:, 'ael-® 'a:l-, 'oil-, 'ael-
®
'oil. das,
'ail-,'oil-
® ®
'ael.ba.tros
Dil'bii.it
Aldous 'ael-
'ael.ka.mi, -ki-
®
-trois -es -iz
albeit
ka. mist, -ki- -s -s
Alcibiades .ael.si'bai.a.diiz '-ouAlcinous .ael'sm.au.as
'a:I-
'D:!.ba:n, 'd1-
'ael.
'ail-
in US:
'ail.ba-,
'oil.ba.ni, 'd1-
Albarn
alchemy
a:l-,
aerbei.nil.3, o:\-
in
®
®
alchemist
'a:l-
®
a-
.ael'fael.fa
Romeo
-
,ael.fa.rau'mei.au
® -rou'mei.ou
15
Alfie - Alleyn
Alf ie
®
align
ael.fi
Alfonso
®
-'fa:n^.sou, -'fain.zou
®
Alford 'o:l.f3d, 'ol'o:l.f3^d, 'a:lAlfred 'ael.frid, -frad Alfreda aerfrii.da Alfredian ael'frii.di.sn alfresco, al fresco ael'fres.ksu
® -kou
Alfreton
al|ga
-gae
'aell.ga
-tri
.ael.i.men'tei.J^n
alineation
'ael.gaiv
® ail'gair.va -ally
-^l.i, -li
ic 'sum algebraist
-al
stress shift: .algebra-
,ael.d3i'brei.ist, -dsa'-
-s -s
®
,ael.d3i'si3.r3s, -d33'-,
-ed -d
'ael.dsa''
®
a'li/.a
Alison
'ael.i.s'n
Algerine
®
-'d3ir.i-
'ael.i.sta"^
Alix
'aEl.d3a.nan, -non
'ael.gol
Algonquian Algonquin
-ga:l
®
'd:1-, 'a:l-
in Spain: ael'haem.bra,
surname:
'ael.i
al-;
boy's
name and
'a:.li, a:'li
'ei.li.as, -aes -es -iz
,ael.i'ba:.ba, ,a:.li-, -bai
alibi 'ael.i.bai -s -z
Alice
.ael.i'kaen.tei, -ti
®
-ti, -tei
.Alice 'Springs; .Alice in
'ael.is
'Wonderland Alicia
Alick alien
a'lis.i.a, -'lij.a
®
-'lij.a, -i.a
'ael.ik
'ei.li.an -s -z
-ing
-ir)
-ed -d -age
-id3
alienable
-nated ® ® -nei.tid -nator/s -nei.taVz ® -nei.tir)
-nei.ta^/z
alienation .ei.li.a'nei.J^n -s -z alienjism 'ei.li.a.nli.z^m -ist/s al'lait
-'lai.tir)
® 16
®
-'lai.tid
-lights
-'lai.tir)
-ist/s
-lighting -lighted -'lai.tid -
®
-ka.lai -(e)s -z
-ally ® ® allegorizje, -ing -ga- -es ® -='1
laits
-t
-^l.i, -li
'ael.i.ga.rist, '-a-
-iz
.ael.k^l.ai'zei.J^n,
'ael.k^l.oid
®
-ka.laiz
® -ka.bid
-s -z
'ael.ka.selt.sa^
alkene 'ael.kizn -s -z Alkoran .ael.kor'am, -ka'ra:n
-ka:'ra:n,
® -kair'am, ®
alk|y
'ael.k
alky!
'ael.kil
i
-ka'rain, -'raen
-k^l -s -z
-ed -d -gairl.i
'ael.a, -a:; a'la:, ael'a:
,ael.a.ha'ba:d, -'baed
,o:l.a'mer.i.k^n
allele
'ael.in
a'liil -s
®
-touallantois a'laen.tau.is allantoides a.laen'tau.i.diiz
-z
a'lii.li.z^m
alleluia (A)
.ael.i'lui.ja, -a'- -s -z
allemande
'ael.a.maind, -maend,
®
-mond -maend, -mamd, -maen, -man -s -z all-embracing .ail.im'brei.sio, -em'-
®
shift:
.all-embracing 'theory
,D:l.em'-, ,a:l-, -im'- stress
Allen 'ael.an, -in Allen ,key; Allen .wrench
Allenby 'ael.an.bi Allendale 'ael.an.deil, Allende ai'end.i, -ei
-in-
® ai'jen.dei,
a:l-
allergen
'ael.an.taun, -in-
'ael.a.dsen,
-dsan
®
'-3>-
-s -z
allergenic
allergly
® ® ® ®
'ael.a.dsist
'ael.a.dsli
Allerton
®
,ael.a'd3en.ik
allergic a'l3:.d3ik
'-3^-
'-a^-
'ael.a.t^n
-a^'-
-'l3^:-
-s -s
-ies -iz
'-a-. tan
allevi|atea'li:.vil.eit -ates -eits
-ating
,a:l-, ,a:l-
Allan 'ael.an Allan-a-Dale .ael.an.a'deil Allandale 'ael.an.deil
-s -z
-'leg.rou, -'lei.grou -s -z
Allein(e)
allergist
,a:.la'brei.vi, -vei
all-American
-irj
®
.ael.i'gret.au, -a'-
Allentown
-ies -iz
alkyne 'ael.kain -s -z all o:l® d:1, a:l .aU fours; .all right alia breve .ael.a'brei.vei, -vi
Allahabad
'ael.i.ga.rli, '-a-
Allegri ael'eg.ri, -'ei.gri allegro a'leg.rau, ael'eg-, -'ei.grau
allelism
alkane 'ael.kein -s -z Alka Seltzer .ael.ka'selt.sa'^
®
-a'-
.ael.a'gei.ni
allelic a'li:.lik
-al-^1
®
®
.ael.i'gor.ik, -a'gor-
allegorist
®
-ka'lin.a.ti
Allah
.neit -nates -neits
-nei.tid
a|light
a'li:.d35nlfs -ces -siz -t
allegoric
® -'gret.ou
.ael'kael.ik
alkaloid
®
'ei.li.an.a.b^l
aliejnate 'ei.li.al -nating -nei.tii)
allegianjce
'ael.i.gen.i
allegretto
alkalizje, -is|e 'ael.k'l.aiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d
a'laem- in California: ael'haem.bra
All girl's name:
'ael.k^l.ai
alkalization, -isa-i'-® -i'-
.algorithmic de'sign
®
.ael.i'gei.ni, -a'-
-ies -iz
'ael.ka.hest
®
®
-ed -d
-ir)
Alleghany Allegheny
allegorjy
-ka.lain alkaline 'ael.k'l.ain alkalinity .ael.k'l'in.a.ti, -i.ti
algorism 'ael.g^r.i.z^^m algorithm 'ael.g'r.i.d^m -s -z algorithmic ,ael.ga'rid.mik stress
Alhambra
alkali
-ing
-is|e 'ael.i.ga.raiz, '-a-
'ael.iks
alkalif|y ael'kael.i.f lai -ies -aiz -ying -ai.ig -ied -aid
ael'goq.kwin, -kin
'd1-
-iz
a'led3. id. li, -ad-
-goir.ist -s -s
-ja
alkalic
®-'ga:n-, -'ga:D-
Alicante
.ael.i'tael.i.a, ,a:.li'ta:.li-
alkalescenjce .ael.k^l'es.^nlfs ®-ka'les- -cy -t.si -t -t
ael'gog.kwi.an, -ki.an
Algren 'ail.grin, Algy 'ael.d3i
allegedly
-'ga:r- -al
alkahest
shift:
.anharmonic "system
anhungered
an'hAg.gsd, aen-
'aeg-, 'aig-
aen.jul,-
®
-d
-ka.rait
anna
annul a'nAl -s -z -ling -iq annular 'aen.ja.la^ '-ju-
'aen. a -s -z
(A)
annu|late
anility
aen'il.a.ti, a'nil-, -i.ti
anima
'aen.i.ma
animadversion
(®
-a.ti
annulet
Annagh aen'ai,
'aen.ai
annuljus
Annakin
'aen. a.
km
annalist
'aen.'l.ist -s -s
-i-ai,
® -'va^.s^n, -pn
Ann Arbor
,
am
-ating
a'nAnf.siI.eit, -Ji- -ates
®
-ei.tir)
-ated
-ei.tir)
-ei.tid
(A) a,nAni.si'ei.J^n
annus mirabilis
(A)
.aen.as.mi'rai.b'l.is, -ma'-
®
,aen.a'p3i.na, -'pua-
aen'ai.ba
-uses -as.iz
-s-z
,ai.nas-, ,aen.as-
anode
'aen.aud
® -oud
-s -z
®
anodizje, -ise 'aen.ao.daiz
®
-'air.ba^ '-a-
'aen.aes, -as
-es -iz -ing
anodyne
annatto
®
'aen.
annunciation
a'naep.^l.is, aen'aep-
®-'p3-i-, -'pur-
-s -s
-lit
-s -s
aen.ja.llas, '-ju-
-ei.tid®
'aen.aem
'aen.an.deil
Annapurna
'aen.ju.lat, '-ja-,
annunci|ate -eits
-lated
-ii
annum
'aen.a.li
-la^
-lei.tid
annulment a'nAl. mant
'aen.'lz
Annas
,aen.i.maed'v3:.pn,
-led -d
'aen.jal.leit, '-ju-
-lei.tid®
Annabel 'aen.a.bel Annabella ,aen.a'bel.a
Annandaie
-ant/s
-iz
-^nt/s
Annamese ,aen.a'miiz Annan 'aen. an
® -Im,
a'njui.a.tii, -i.tii
®
Annapolis
'ei.nail, 'aen.ail
aniline 'aen.i.liin, -hn, -lam -lim, -lam
-a.laiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed
®-'nui.a.tli, -'njui- -ies
ankle ,sock
'aeq.klat, -klit -s -s
Annam aen'aem,
'aen.il
®
annuit|y
-s
Ann aen
Annaly
anhydride aen'hai.draid -s -z anhydrite aen'hai.drait anhydrous aen'hai.dras anile
ankle anklet
aegk -s
'aeri.k^l -s -z
annals
® -ga^d anil
'aerj.k^r.ait
Annaba aen'ai.ba
-tid
(us)
Angus
'aeg.k^r.a®
ankerite
ankh aigk,
-ness-n3S,-nis
angularit|y
Ankara
a'naet.au, aen'aeta'nai.tou, a'naet.ou
'-ou-,
-ed -d
-ir)
'aen.ao.dain®
'-ou-, '-a-
-s -z
-verting-'v3:.tir)(HD-'v3>:.tir)
Anneka
'aen.i.ka, -a.ka
a|nointal'naint -noints -'noints -'nam. tig -nointing -'nain.tir) -'nain.tid -nointed -'nain.tid - naint. mant/s -nointment/s
-verted-'v3:.tid®-'v3^:.tid
annelid
'aen. a. lid -s -z
anomalous a'nom.a.las
-mad'-,
-s -z
animad|vert,aen.i.maedrv3:t,-m3d'r.3'bil.3.ti, -i.ti
®
,aen/.sa^.3'bil.3.ti
answerabjle -ly
'a:nf.s'r.3.bl='l
®
'aenf-
aent
Where ant-
is
attached to
a free stem it often carries secondary stress, e.g. antacid other cases it may take primary, secondary or no /,aen'ta;s.id/. In
stress at
all, e.g.
antonym
® antonymic antonymous /aen'tnn.i.mas ® /'aen.ta.nim
-t''n.im/,
/laen.ta'nim.ik/,
-'tui.ns-/.
®
-'1
ant
aent -s -s
-ary
®
-pa'nAlt
antepenultimate
.aen.taeg.'n'-® -3'nis- -ally
® -a.naiz
Antalya
-s -z
-'l.i, -li
-is|e aen't£eg.='n.aiz
-es -iz -ing
asn'tael.ja
®
-ir)
-ed -d
.am.t^l'ja:,
® -vou
,aen.t3,naen.3'ri:.v3u
-'ta:r.tik
aen'toik.tik
®
-'ta:rk-,
Ant.arctic Circle;
Ant, arctic 'Ocean
Antarctica
asnt'hi:.liks, fenf'Gi:- -es -iz
aen'Gem.ik
anthological
®
-'toirk-,
anthologjy
Anthon
aen'tea.riiz
® ®
-'ter.iiz
ant-bear 'aent.bea"^ -ber -s -z ante- jen.ti -ts. Note: Prefix. Words containing antecarry either primary or secondary stress on the first syllable, e.g.
®
antechamber /'aen.ti.tjeim.bs^ -ti.tjeim.ba-/,
/.aen.ti'nei.t
31
®
®
antenatal -tg'nei.Pl/.
ante 'aen.ti -ti -s -z -ing -ir) -d -d anteater 'aent,i:.t3''® -ta^ -s -z antebellum .aen.ti'bel.am ®-t3'antecedence ,aen.ti'si:.d'nfs,
®
antecedent
.aen.ta'sii-
.aen.ti'sii.d^nt, -ta'- -s -s
-li
antechamber
'aen.ti, t/eim.ba"^
-t3,tj"eim.ba^ -s -z
antechaperaen.ti,tjaep.3l®-t3--s-z
® -pa'mair-
-ist/s -ist/s
,aen?.Gra.pay'ma:.faiz -es -IZ -ing -ig -ed -d
anthropophajgus
-ing -ig -ed -d
®
aen'Gol.a.dsli
-'Goi.la-
anthrax 'aeni.Graeks anthropic aen'Grop.ik
-ti;
®
-'sit-
-'Groi.pik
,aenf.Graapao;
,asn^.Gra'pa:
secondary stress on the antihero
anthropomorphic
®
®-'pa:.la-/.
anthropocentric
'
first
®
-ti.hir.ou/, anti-
®
antinomy /aen'tin.a.mi/.
®
-ti, -tai -s
anti-abortion
®
-z
,aen.ti.a'bo:.j3n
-ti.a'bair-, -tai- -ist/s -ist/s
®
.aen.ti'ei.dsir)
-ti-,
-tai-
.
®
-ti'er.kraeft, -tai'-
anti-American
.aen.ti.a'mer.i.kan
-tai-
,£en.ti.baek'tia.ri.al
®-ti.baek'tir.i-, -tai-
/,aen^Gra.pao'ma:.fik -pa'mo:r-/, but may also have primary stress on the third syllable, e.g., .
'aen.ti
antibacterial
anthropo- normally exhibit secondary stress on the first
anthropology /,aenf Gra pol
-ti, -tai;
syllable, e.g.
®-ti-,
Words containing
syllable, e.g.
®
anti-aircraft .aen.ti'ea.kra:ft
,aenf.Graa'pD® .aenf.Gra.pa, -pou; Note: Prefix.
aen'ti
other words. Most often, these compounds carry primary or
stress, e.g.
-al-q
anthropo-
.aeni.Grao'pos.a.fli
-ist/s -ist/s
Numerous compounds
anti-ageing
®
-Gra'pai.fa-
aen'ti
anti
'aenf.Gra.sait
anthracitic ,aen^Gra'sit.ik
®
,aeni.Gra-
aep'nii.a, 'aep.ni.a
apocalyps|e
-a^'sui, .ai.pa^'- -s -z
-iz
'ei.pi.siiz, 'aep.i-
Apemantus aep.i'maen.tas ® -tas 'aep.a.namz, -en.ainz
-'er.i- -s -z
®
®
apath|y 'aep.a.Gli -ies -iz ap|e eip -es -s -ing -ig -ed -t Apelles a'pel.iiz
®
'ei.pi.a.rist -s -s
apiarjy 'ei.pi.a.rii -eri .i -ies apical 'aep.i.k^l, 'ei.pi--ly-i
apices
-'pair.teit, -tait
®
-ed -d
'aef.ra
a'paetj.i -s -z
a'pait. mant
-ir)
-a^/z
aphrodisian
-an/s -an/z
apart a'pait -'pairt -ness -nas, -nis apartheid a'pai.tait, -taid, -teid,
®
-ally-'l.i,-li
aphrodisiac
'ei.a.rist, 'ea.rist
aperiodicity 'aen-
nwick 'aen.ik®-wik nxiet|y
®
®
®
'ei.nas -es -iz
®
aphes|is
-er/s -aVz
-ou'-
ic 'voters
'aent. si
a'fei-
aphelijon aef ii.li.lan -a -a apheresis aef'ia.ra.sis, a'fia-, -n-
-s -z
Aosta aj'os.ta -'a:.sta, Aouita au'ii.ta® -ta apace a'peis
-^1
-a -a
-3i.a
a'fei.zik, aef'ei-, ei'fei-
aphorism
® AOB ® A-OK, A-Okay ® -ouAOL^
apathetic
®
aphasic
®
a'fei.zi.a, aef'ei-, ei'fei-,
-3a® a'fei.sa,
aphony
-s -s a'partment ,block; a partment ,house
'-a-
-'toi.ns-
-3i.a,
aphoriz|e,
apartment
-'toi.na-
aphasia
anywise 'en.i.waiz Anzac 'aen.zaek -s -s Anzac ,Day Anzio 'aen.zi.au -ou
aorist
-t^n.i
-ri-
a'fer.a-
aphorist 'aef.^r.ist, -or'-a^- -s -s aphoristic ,aef .^r'ls.tik, -or'-® -a'ris-
-ae
'aen.ta.ni
® -roud
aort|a ei'o:.tla®-'a:r.tla-as -az
® ® ® ntony ntonym 'aen.ta.nim ® -t^n.im
®
-es -iz
aef la.ra.sis, a'fia-,
anyway 'en.i.wei -s -z anywhere 'en-i./iwea"^ ® -/iwer
Aoni|a
-'too-;
aphaeresis
®
'en.i.pleis
anyroad 'en.i.raud anything 'en.i. Gig anytime 'en.i.taim
aperjy 'ei.pa.rli -ies -iz apeshit 'eip.Jit apex, APEX (A) 'ei.peks
aphonia ei'fau.ni.a, aef'au-, a'fau• ®erfouaphonic ei'fon.ik, aef'on-, a'fon-
.ei'wAn, -'won -'wAn stress shift: ,A-one con'dition
ntonine 'aen. ta. nam -s -z ntoninus ,aen.t3praisement a'preiz.msnt
>preci|ate
/li:d/
-e 1
.
-e 1
1
-ei.tid
.
1
3-/z
-s -z
approval 3'pru:.v3l -s -z approvje 3'pru:v -es -z -ing/ly
a^/z
s.prii.Ji'ei./^n, -si'-
-ed -d -er/s -3Vz
-s -z
3preclative3'pri:./3.tiv;'-Ji.3.tiv,
®
-a^/z
approx (abbrev.for approximate/ly) s'prok.si.mst/li, -S3-, -mit/li
-ness-n3s,-nis
®-'pra:k-
-si.
3-®
3'pri:.Ji.3.t3r.i, -Ji.ei-,
f3prehend .aep.n'hend, -ing
-ir)
-rs'- -s -z
,aep.ri,henf.si'bil.3.ti, -rs-, -ss'-,
®
-3.ti
pprehensibte
-ir)
-ed
®
-tis -es -iz
3'pren.ti.;ip, -tis-
pprlsje, -iz|e 3'praiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d -er/s -3VZ -a^/z
®
ppro 'aep.r3u -rou pproach 3'pr3utJ -'prout J -es -ing -ig -ed -I.ti
®
®
-S3-
-,pra:k- -s -z
aep'wi:, s'pwi:
appuls|eaep'Als,3'pAls, 'aep.Als-es-iz 3'p3;.ti.n3nlis,
® -'pyi.t^n.sn/fs -ces
-t^n.^nlis
APR
-iz
3,pr3u.t;3'bil.3.ti,
® -'prou-
leLpi'D:""® -'a:r
®
aep.rei' - stress shift: apres-ski
-bates -belts -bating
®
-r3-
-bei.tir)
-bated -bei.tid ® ® -bei.tid -bative -bei.tiv ® -bei.tiv -bei.tir)
'ei.pri.kot
®
-ka:t, 'aep.ri-
'Pprobation ,aep.r3u'bei.pn®
,a:pri:'o:r.ai, ,ei-,
apriority
-ly-li
'aep.sli
-er
-3"^
®
-a^
-est -3st
,
-ist
-ness -n3s, -nis
apter|al
'aep.t^rl.^l
-ous -3s
apteryx 'aep.t'r.iks -es -iz aptitude 'aep.ti.tjuid, -t3-, ®-tu:d, -tjuid -s -z
-tj'u:d
aptitudinal .aep.ti'tjui.di.n^l, -t3'-, -'t/u:-® -'tui.d^n.^l, -'tjui- -ly -li Apulija 3'pju:.lil.3 -an/s -3n/z
apyretic
,aep.aia'ret.ik; .ei.paia'-,
®
-pai'ret-
aqua 'aek.w3®
'a:k-
,aek.w3.e3'r3u.biks ,a:.kw3.er'ou-, ,aek.W3-
® ,aek.w3'kAl.tpr.3l ® aquaculture ® 'a:.kw3,kAl.tX3^, aqua fortis ® Aqua-Lung 'aek.ws.Ug ® 'a:.kw3-, 'aek.waaquamarine ,aek.w3.m3'ri:n, 'aek.w3.m3.ri:n ® ,ai.kw3.m3'ri:n, aquacultural
,a:.kw3'-, ,aek.w3'-
'aek.W3,kAl.tj3'^
,aek.W3'fo:.tis
ia:.kw3'fD:r.tis, ,aek.w3'-
-s -z
,aek.w3- -s -z
aquaplan|e
'aek.ws.plein
® 'a:.kw3-, 'aek.w3-
aqua regia
-es -z -ing -ig
,£ek.w3'ri:.d3i.3
® ,a:.kw3'-,
,aek.W3'-
® ,ai.kw3'-, ® s'kwer.ist
aquarellje ,aek.w3'rel
,aek.w3'- -es -z -ist/s -ist/s 'aek.ws.rist
-s -s
'ei.pran -s -z -ed -d
.strings
-ums-3mz-a-3 Aquarijus 3'kwe3.ri.l3s
apron
®
-'kwer.i-
-an/s -3n/z
Aquascutum
-i
,ei.prai't)r.3.ti, -i.ti
-'o:r.3.ti
apron
® -'pou
aquari|um3'kwe3.ri.l3m®-'kwer.i-
-s -s
April 'ei.pr^l, -pril-s-z April 'Fools' .Day a priori ei.prai'oi.rai, ,a:.pri'o:.ri
® ®
Apsley apt aept
aquarist
'drinks
,
'aep.rsol.beit
.aep.rs'pau
apsje aeps -es -iz apsidal 'aep.si.d'l
,
apricot
pproachable 3'pr3u.t/3.bn
-r3'-,-rou'--s-z
English),e.g.:
-ed -d
Apr. (abbrev. for April) 'ei.pr'l, -pril apres 'aep.rei ,a:'prei, ,aep'rei apres-ski .aep.rei'ski: ,a:.prei'-, ,
-,prou.t|3'bil.3.ti
pprojbate
® s'prok.si.ms.tiv, ® -'pra:k.s3.m3.tiv
-S3'-
®
-t
pproachability
US
'aek.w3,-
3,prDk.si'mei.J"^n,
-f.siz -t -t
-to- -s -s
®
s'prok.sil.meit,
-mates -meits -mat-
® -mei.tig -mated
appurtenanjce
-t
pprenticeship ®-i3S.Jip,
(v.)
-'praik-
approximative appui
-ness -n3s, -nis
pprenticje 3'pren.tis -ing
®
-mei.tir)
approximation
pprehension .aep.ri'hen.ij'^n, -r3'®-'heni.pn -s -z pprehensive .aep.ri'henf.siv, -rs'-li
-S3-
ing
-li
-mei.tid® -mei.tid
.aep.ri'hen^.si.b^l,
-ra'-, -83-
-ly
in
aqua-aerobics
(adj.) a'prok.si.mst,
-'proik- -ly
approxi|mate
pprehensibility -i.ti
®
-S3-, -mit
3'prDk.si.m3nt, -S3-
-s -s
approximate
-ed -id
apropos
-pai.i'-
approximant ®-'pra:k-
'-j3.to:r.i, '-Ji.s.toir.i
-irj/li
-able -s.b'l
'-si-®3'pri:.X3.tiv;'-J'i.3-,-ei--ly-li
3preciatory
[^j
Approximants therefore are never fricative and never contain
approbatory
praisee
'-Ji.a.bPl, -si. 3-
lead
read
and
British English
in nasals.
non-fricative Ixl
interruptions to the flow of air.
-er/s -3
®
[j] in
and
,aek.w3'sk/u:.t3m
® ,a:.kw3'sku:.t3m, aquatic 3'kwaet.ik, -'kwot-'kwai.tik ®
,aek.w3'-
-'kwaet-,
-s -s -ally
-n.i,-li
29
—
k
,
-
aquatint - archduke
® 'ai.kwa-,
aquatint
'aek.wa.tint 'aek.wa- -s -s
-s -z
'aek.wa.vit, -vi:t
rchon'a:.k3n,-kDn® 'a:r.ka:n-s-z trch-prelate
®
.aitj'prel.st, -it
,a:rtj- -s -s
brch-priest
,a:tj"'pri:st
®
.airtj-
-s -s stress shift: arch-priest's ,
'ceremony Firch-traitor .aitj'trei.tsr
®
,a:rtj"'trei.t3^ -s -z stress shift:
f
'air-
®
®
'These are mine.' /.diiz.a'mam 'These are old.' /.diiz.a'''auld /-a^' ould), but when the weak form precedes a vowel, as in the last example, it often happens that the word is pronounced as a syllabic /r/
(e.g.
-a^'-/;
(e.g./,diiz.r'auld®-'ould/).
'air.ga.nait, -nait -s -s .ai.ga'noi.tik
.air.ga'nai.tik, -'noi-
'ai.gos
'air.gais,
'air.ga.sli
-z
'ai.rant
'air.gou, -gat -s -z 'airg--ly-li
®
'airg- -es -z
'aig.jui
-d
-ir)
-a^/z
-ju-
'airg.ja-, -ju- -s -s
.aig.ja'men.t^I, -ju-ju'-
argumentation.aig.ja.men'tei.J^n, -ju-,-man-®,airg.ja-,-ju--s-z
argumentative
.aig.ja'men.ta.tiv,
® .airg.ja'men.ta.tiv, -ness argus (A) ® argy-bargy ® Argyle ® -ju-li
-ju'- -ly
-nas, -nis
'air- -es -iz
'ai.gas
.ai.dsi'bai.dsi
®
aria 'air. ant,
®
aren'taint airnt areolja a'rii.^ll .a, aer'ii- -as -az -ae
®
'air.
'ai.ga.noit
Argyllshire
'er-
'-a-
'ai.gon,
.aer.i'Dm.i.ta', .ea.ri'-,
.er.i'ai.ma.ta^, ,aer- -s -z
air-, '- stress shift:
ai'gail
®
areometer
'air-
'ai.g^l.is
.Argyle 'tartan
-z
arena a'rii.na -s Arendt 'aer.ant,
'air.gail, -g^l
'ai.gol, -g^l
.air.dsi'bair-
®
are surface measure: a'J air -s -z area 'ea.ri.a® 'er.i- -s -z area .code areca a'rii.ka; 'aer.ia'rii.ka; 'aer.i-, 'er- -s
'air- -s -z
-ies -iz
®
® ®
'ai.gaiv
'ai.ga.sli
,archimedean 'screw
'ai.dwik
air-
'air.ds^n.tain, -tiin, -tin
'a:r-
'air- -ly
'ai-da"^
rchicar.kik® uir.kik 'ai.tji (® 'a:r-
rchie
®
® ®
ardent 'ai.d^nt Arding 'ai.dir)
® (A) 'ai.ds^n.tain ® Argentinian ® argillaceous ® Argive ® Argo 'ai.gau ® 'air.gou argol ® Argolis ® gain -gan ® argon Argonaut ® Argonautic ® -gas Argos ® argosjy ® argot 'ai.gau ® arguabjle'aig.ju.a.bPl® -ing argu|e ® -er/s -aVz ® -ed argument 'aig.ja.mant, ® argumental ® .airg.ja'men.Pl, argentine
-denz
Ardleigh, Ardley
® 'air.tJa.bDild, -ba:ld
chimedean
®
'a:r-
Ardingly'a:.dir).lai,,-'-®'air.dir)-,
® ,a:rtj'her.3- -s -s
-mi:'di:.3n
'ai.d'nf.si
-s -z stress
US only, see compound: .Argand diagram 'airargent (A) 'ai.d^nt Argentina ,ai.d3^n'tii.na, -d3en'shift,
'air-
Ardennes ai'den,
-li
®
-gand
'ai.gaend,
® .air'gaind, -'gaend
a:r-
'a:r- -s -s
ardency
®
Argand
-a^d/,
®
-eG'jui-
.air.a'Gui-
®
but may dullard /'dAl.ad, -a:d®-3^d/. See
® Ardeeai'di: ® Arden ®
aer'et, a'ret
ai'ret. sou Arezzo aer'et. sau, a'ret'air-, -f^n Arfon 'ai.v^n, -von
-a^d/, e.g.
-a:rd/, e.g.
chotypicjal .ai.ki'tip.i.kPl
chimandrite
®
Ardagh 'a:. da, -da: Ardeche a: 'dej a:r-
'er.iiz
'ea.riiz
arete
®
3^d, a:rd
®
.ai.ra'kii-, ,er.a'-, .aer-
Aretha a'rii.Ga Arethusa .aer.i'Gjui.za,
'a:r-
3) ,u:r.k3'- -ally -^l.i,
chi-a:.tji®
'a:r-
-it
individual items.
®
chery 'ai.tj'r.i 'a:rchetypal ,a:.ki'tai.p^l, 3)
.aer.i'kii.pa, -ek'ii-
'air.kju.ei.tid
also be /-a:d
op. a'd3it.ik
.aer.i'op.a.gas
® a:rk'tur.3s ®
wizard /'wiz.ad
-3^.stoun, -st^n
®
®
i
at|taint al'temt -taints -'temts -'tem.tir) -tainting -'tern. tir) -'tern. tid -tainted -'tern. tid
,aet-
-ing -ig -ed -d -er/s -aVz
atonal
a.tei.na'bil.a.ti, -i.ti
®
.aet.a.mi'-
atomizje,
.aeO.a.rau.skb'rot.ik, -skler'ot-, -rou.skla'rai.tik -sklir'-
-ing -ig -ed -d
®-a.ti attainder a'tem. da^ -da- -s -z attainment a'tem. mant, -'teim-
-s -s
.aet.a.mai'zei.J^n, -mi'-
atherosclerotic
athlete
® -'tai.mik a.tomic energy -ally atom|ism 'aet.a.mli.z^m ®
®
-s -z
attainability
'aet- -s -z
-ist/s -ist/s
® -rou.skb'rou.sas
athirst a'Gaist
®
am
a'tom.ik
atomistic .aet.a'mis.tik atomization, -isa-
.aeG.a.rau.skb'rau.sis, -skler'au-,
Atherton
'aet.
attain a'tem -able -a.b^l
'aet-
atherosclerosis sklir'-
'aet.oil, 'ei.ta:l,
-'l.i, -11
Athenian 3'0i:.ni.3n -s -z Athenry ,ae9.3n'rai, -in'Athens 'aeG.^nz, -inz 'aeG.a.li
atom
atomic
3'0i:.ni, -ni:
Atherley
®
'aet.ol; a'tol
-toil -s -z
a'eii.na
'
a.tai.niz.at'b:
-,t3-:.niz.at'la:, -'b:
l>
I
— augment
attorneyship -
AW
Pronouncing the letters AU,
combinations au and aw are similar in that common pronunciation is /d: (ys) a:/, e.g.:
The vowel their
In
letter
most
sauce
® ®
/sd:s/
saw
/so:/
addition
Other sounds associated with the combinations au
/sa:s/
/9u(ys)ou/
is
more variation
in
in rare cases:
gauge
/ei/
/la:f/
weak syllables
(g) /laef/
The vowel combinations au and
The combination au may also be pronounced as
vowel /a/
/D(y|)a:/,e.g.: syllabic
Australia
/os'trei.li.a/
because
/bi'koz/
/ai'strei-/
(ys)
in
awry
/a'rai/
/-'ka:z/
®
a'tai.ni.Jip
-'ty:-
/'res.t^r.S:/;, '-tro:/;/
ittract a'traekt -s -s -ing/ly
®
-irj/li
-able
-a^/z
-ed
-a.b^'l
ttractability 9,traek.t3'bil.3.ti,
®
-i.ti
-s -z
ttractive9'traek.tiv -ly
-li
-ness
ttributable
9'trib.j9.t9.b^l, -ju-
-j9.t9-
® ®
-bjuits -buting -bju.tir)
-buted -bju.tid
-bjg.tir),
-bja.tid,
ttribution
,aet.ri'bju:.J"^n -s -z
'3:k-
-ir)
-jg.tiv -ly
c®
'aik.J^n,
ttrition 9'tri/.'n,
®
kttwell 'aet.wel, -W9l
-ir)
kt(t)wood 'aet.wud (twater'aet.wo:.t9'^ Balzac 'bael.zaek® 'bo:l-, 'ba:l-,
Bamako
,baem.3'k3u ibai.ma-
Bambi
(us)
s -z
'bael-
® .baem.a'kou,
-ouz
ba:m- -os -auz
-i.
Bamborough 'baem.b^r.a (3) -ou Bamburgh 'baem.b^r.9®-b3^.3, Bamfield
'baem.fiild
Bamford
'baem.fsd
®
1
r)
-ned -d
'ba:.ni
banana
ba'nael.a.tii, baen'ael-, -i.tii
b3'nai.n3®-'naen.3-s-z
ba,nana re public; ba nana ba.nana split
,skin;
®
'baen.b^r.i,
'baer).k3jo:.r'nfs,
-,Ju3-
bandagje
-ed -d
go
.off
'baen-
'baen.dids -es -iz -ing
-ir)
®
® ®
bandan(n)a ba?n'daen.9 -s -z Bandaranaike .baen.d^r.a'nai.i.ka,
stress shift, British only:
-'-
.Bangkok
-'nai.ka
®
,
.baeg.gla'dej"-, ,ba:r)- -s -z
® ®
'baen.
®
®
Seri
Begawan
.baen.ds.ser.i.bs'gai.wan, -be'-, .bain.da^-'gau.sn
®
-bi'-,
,bi:
.
^nd'bi:
,
-^m'-® -^nd'- -s -z
bandbox 'baend. bDks®-ba:ks-es-iz bandeau 'baen.dso as if French:
® baen'dou bandeaux French: 'baen.dau, -dauz as baen'dau ® baen'dou, -douz ® -da.roul banderole baen'dau
if
'baen.d^'r.aul
-s -z
bandicoot 'baen.di.kuU -s -s bandit 'baen.dit -s -s -ry -ri bandleader 'baend. Ii:.d3'^®-d3^-s-z
® -tam® -ers -az -ered -ad ® -ering ® Banting ®
bant|er
'baen.tla"^
-tla^
-^r.ir)
bantling 'baent. lig Bantry 'baen.tri
-tig
-s -z
Bantu .baen'tu:, ,ba:n-, '-® 'baen.tu bantustan (B) .baen.tu'stain, ,bam in
-go:r, -ga^
-'staen
banyan
®
,ha:r\'--
'baen. jaen, -ni.an, '-jan
'-jan, '-jaen -s -z
Banyard
am
'bsn.jaid
® -ja:rd
banzai baen'zai, bam-, '-®bam'zai
(plur. of ban) 'bai.ni
banian banish
baobab 'bei.aabaeb®
'baen. i. an, '-jaen -s -z
'baen.ij -es -iz -ing -ig -ed
-t
banister(B)'baen.i.staf®-a.sta^-s-z
Banja Luka
Banjul baen'd3u:l
bap baep -s -s baptism 'baep.ti.z^m-s-z.baptismi baptismal
'baen.dsau,
'-ou-, 'bai-
-s -z
'fire
,baen.ja'lu:.ka
,ba:.nja'-
-'-® 'baen.dsou
baptist
baep'tiz.m^l -ly
(B) baep.tist -s -s
-i
.John
thi
'Baptist
-(e)s -z
® 'ba:n.d3u:l
bank baer)k-s-s -ing-ir) -ed-t bank a.ccount; bank .card; bank .clerk; .bank holiday; bank .manager; bank .rate; bank .statement; .Bank of England bankability .baeg.ka'bil.a.ti,
®
-s -z
'baen. tam. weit
'baen. tig
.baeo.gla'dej.i, -'dei.Ji
-ga"^
® -kwou
banshee 'baen.Jii, -'- -s -z Banstead 'baen^stid, -sted 'baen. tig bant baent -s -s -ing -113 -ed -id® 'baen.tid
-a^d
,baer).gla'dej, ,ba:r)-
banjo
barn-
bseri'ket -s -s
'baeg.kwau
-a^z
.baeg.gla'dej", -'deij"
bangle 'baeg.g^l -s -z -d -d bang-on .baerj'on® 'baeg.ain -ga^ Bangor in Wales: 'baerj.ga"^
®
-ts-ts-ting-tig®-tir)-ted-tid®-t 'banquet .room; banqueting .hall
bantam (B) bantamweight
-ment/s -mant/s 'baend. eid-s-z
banquejt 'bffir).kwilt®-kwalt,-kwi
® 'baen.tam ® -tam
.baerj.ga'b:"^
-a^ -s -z banger 'baerj-a"^ Banger 'bem.dsa' -dsa^ 'baer).ka:k, Bangkok baeg'kok
bani
da® 'ba:n-,
-ir)
-a.sta^
'baen. an
Banquo
'baer).ga.b:r, ,-'-
Banham
-ed -d
B and B
Bangalore
-ed -id
-ir)
Band-Aid', band-aid
Bandar
-Ja^,
with a bang
Bangui ,ba:r)'gi: bang-up .baeg'Ap
'band .shell 'baen.
-ing
baer) -s -z
®
baenz
banquette
'baen.kraift,
'baer)-
Banda
®
-
'basn.fiild
US: 'baeg.g^:^
'baeg.k^r.i
'baeq-kroft
bang
® ®
'baen.ber-, -ba^-
-ing
Jia'
-shire -J"^^
(B) 'baen.i.sta^
bannock 'baen.ak -s -s Bannockburn 'baen.ak. bam
banns
'bem.f'l,-ful-ly-i-ness-nas,
bffinf
-lain
®-b3^:n, -ba^n
-nis
Bangladeshi
'baen-
-s -z
ir)
-s -z
Bangladesh
® 'baemBanbury ® bancassurance ® 'baeg.kajur.enis Banchory Bancroft ® baend
.
,baen.di'legd,-'leg.id,
'temple
-'na:r.3s Banaras bs'nai.ras Banbridge 'basn.brids, 'baem-
46
baneful
®
ba'nail, baen'a:!, -'nael
-a.tii -ies -iz
band
bane bem
®
-s -z
Bannon
Banfield
-fa^d
® ba:n
®
ast -ies -iz -ying -i
-ied -id
-Jir
ba n prohibit: baen -s -z -ning ban Romanian money: baen
banallt|y
'baen.dli-ier-i.3'^®-i.3^-iest -i.
-s -z
'baen. it)
bannister
•chUd
Banff
-b^^ig
banal
,
baegks
Banning
.
baem'bu:. z^l -es -z -ing -'bu:z.lir) -ed -d
bani
'baen.dwit6, -dwidG
'baend. wit0, -widG, -wiG -s -s
ist
'baeg.krapi.sli, -krApi-
®
-s -z
-'leg ddstress shift: .bandy-legged
-s -z
bamboozl|e -ir),
'ba:n-,
'baend.waeg.an
bandy-legged
baem'bu:
®
-'-
'baen.dur),
-s
Bann baen Bannatyne 'baen. a. tarn banner (B) 'baen.a"^ -a^ -s -z Bannerman 'baen. a. man® '-a--
'baend. staend -s -z
bandwagon
'baeg.krApt, -krapt -s
-ing -ig -ed -id
banksia 'baegk.si.a Ban-Lon® 'baen. Ion
-men
'baen-
band|y
-i -i
bamboo
Bandung
®
bankrupt
Banks 'baendzl.msn
-roul -s -z
-ies -iz
-da-,
-dou-
bandwidth
baem'bii.nlau
^.Ja:p -s -s .barbershop juar'tet
® ba:r'bai.bi.kan ® 'bair.ba'Barbie ®
irbette bar'bet irbican (B) •s
-z
-s -s
irbie (B) 'bai.bi doll®
'ba:r-
-li, -id.li -ness -nas, -nis stress shift, British only: .barefaced 'liar
®
barefoot
'ber.fut stress bea'fut British only: .barefoot 'child ,
bea'fut.
id®
.bea'haen.did 'ber.haen- stress shift, British only: .barehanded 'warrior
.bea'hed.id 'ber, bed- stress shift, British only: .bare-headed 'worshippers
®
.bea'legd, -'leg. id
British only: .bare-legged 'child
'baer.an.boim, 'bair-
irbitone 'bai.bi.taun
Barfield 'bai.fiild®
® 'bair.ba.toun -s -z
bar|fly
irbiturate bai'bitj.^r.at,
Barf cot
'bai.fut
'bit. ju. rat, -j^r.at, -it, -eit
bargain
'bai.gin, -gan
S)ba:r'bitJ.^r.at, -eit -s -s
-ing
bai'bit.ju-, -j'r.ik
® .bair.ba'tjur.ik, -'tur-
-ig
'bair.ba^ -s -z
® bair'bu:-,
'bju:-
®
'ba:r- -s -z
irbwire 'baib.waia"^® 'bairb.waia^
®
'ba:r-
»rcarol(l)e ,ba:.ka'raul,
® 'bair.ka.roul
-'rol,
'—
-s -z
-si'lau-
® ,ba:r.sa'louirchester 'ba:.tJ'es.ta^ ® 'bair.tja.sta^, -t/es.ta^
-tji.sta""
®
'bair- -'s -z
srclaycarti^ 'ba:.kli.ka:d, -klei-
® 'bair.kli.kaird
'bar.kaud
-s -z
'bair.kra:ft
(B)
-ed
-t
'ba:r- -flies -flaiz 'ba:r-
®
® bairds ®
'ba:r- -s -z
®
-a^/z
® ® 'ba:rd3.poul
-s -z
® 'bair.dsa^ ® ba:rd3, ba:rf Bargoed 'bai.gaid ® Bargrave 'ba:.greiv ® Barham surname: am, 'ba:.ram 'bair.am Kent: ® am ® Bari ® Baring ® 'ba:r-
'baer.
in
'ber-, 'baer-,
'ber-, 'baer-
'bai.ri
'bair.i
'bea.riri, 'baer.ig
-s -z -ic -ik
Baring-Gould
®
'ber.ig,
,bea.rir)'gu:ld
,ber.ir)'-
barista
bai'rii.sta, -'is.ta
®ba:r'del; 'bair.d^l, -del In Dicken's 'The Pickwick
barium 'bea.ri.am®
'baer.i.taun
'baim.bi
® 'bairm-
Barmecide 'ba: .mi. said® 'ba:r. mabar mi(t)zvah bai'mits.va
®
-i.a^
-I.
nas,
®
'ba:.mli
® bair-
'ba:r-
'ba:r- -ier
-i.a""
-iest -i.ist, -i.ast -iness -I.
nis
barn bam® bairn -s-z barn. dance;
®
'bair-
'bair- -s -z
Barnard 'ba:.nad,-naid® 'bair. na^d; ,ba:.na'dis.tan
® Barnardo ba'nai.dau, bai® ba^'nair.dou Barnby 'baim- ® Barnes bainz ® bairnz Barnet(t) ® bair'net, barney ® Barnfield 'bain.fiild® Barnham 'bai.nam ® Barnicott -kot ® 'bair.na.kait,
'bairn-
'bain.bi,
'--
'bai.nit
'bair- -s -z
(B) 'bai.ni
'bair-
®
-ni-, -kat
Barnoldswickbai'nauldz.wik toca/Zy a/so; 'bai. Ilk® bair'nouldz.wik Barnsley 'bainz.li 'bairnzBarnstaple 'bain.sta.p'l locally also: -b'l® 'bairn. sta.p'l
®
barnstorm
®
-'rii.sta
® 'ber.a.toun,
'baer- -s -z 'ber.i-, 'baer-
'bain.staim
'bairn. stoirm -s -z -ing
-er/s -aVz
Barnum
®
-ir)
-ed -d
-a^/z
'bai.nam
®
'bair-
barnyard 'bain.jaid®
'bairn.jaird
-s -z
®
Baroda ba'rau.da -'roubarograph 'baer.ao.graif, -graef
®
'ber. a. graef
,
'baer- -s -s
Barolo ba'rau.lau
Barolong
-s -z
baritone
®
barmaid 'bai.meid 'bair- -s -z barjman 'ba:l.man, -maen® 'ba:r-men -man, -men
'bai.ni.kat,
-s -z
Barger 'bai-dsa^ Bargh ba:d3, ba:f
'baer.
'bair.lou
'bairn-
-es -iz -ing
bargee ba:'d3i:, 'bair'dsi: barge|man 'baidsl.man, -maen 'ba:rd3- -men -man, -men bargepole 'baids.paul
ardell bai'del; 'bai.d^l, -del ote:
-ir)
'ba:r-
'baer-
® 'bair.koud arcroft 'bai.kroft ® ard ba:d ® ba:rd code
-ed -d
®
,bair.na^'-
'ba:r-
ircelona .bai.s^l'au.na,
jrclay 'bai.kli, -klei
-ing
-s
-ed -d -er/s -aVz
bargje baids
barbi.tiiric acid
irbule 'ba:.bju:I
'ber-, 'baer-
,bargain basement; bargain ,hunter
irbituric ,ba:.bi'tjua.rik;
irbour 'bai.ba"^® irbuda bai'bjui.da
-ir)
® ®
'bair.li.kDirn -s -z
Barnardiston
®
'bail.flai
®
Barlow(e) 'bai.lau® barm ba:m bairm
bair'naird
'ber-, 'baer-
®
,
® barnacle 'bai.na.k^l ®
'ber, leg. id, -legd stress shift,
barejly'beal.li® 'ber- -ness -nas, -nis
®
® ®
,bam door Barnabas 'bai.na.bas, -baes Barnaby 'bai.na.bi 'bair-
ba'rei.li
Barenboim
'ba:r- -s -s
®
barmjy
bare-headed
®
®
-a^/z
Barmouth 'bai.maG®
®
bare-legged
®
-s -z
barehanded
Bareiily
-t
Barker 'bai.ka"^ 'bair.ka^ Barking 'bai.kirj 'ba:rBarkston 'baik.stan® 'bairkbarley 'ba: .li 'ba:r- 'barley .sugar; barley .water; barley wine barleycorn (B) 'ba:.li.ka:n
Barmby
'ber.fut-
stress shift, British only: .barefooted
SD ,ba:r.ba'ra:.li
irbirolli .bai.brrol.i, -ba'-
ar
-t
'ber. feist -ly
Barents 'basr.ants barf baif bairf -s
irca 'bai.ka
-d
-lo
'chUd
irbed ba:bd® bairbd .barbed wire irbell 'bai.bel
-est
'ber-
barefooted
'ba:r-
-irj
'ba:rd-
-a^
-ed
-ir)
-a^/z
'ba:.ki:p
-er/s -aVz
® 'bairdz'baid.wal, -wel ® bar|e ® ber -er ® -ed -ing bareback 'bea.baek ® -ed .bounz Barebones 'bea.baunz® barefaced bea'feist ® shift,
irbecu|e 'bai.bi.kju:, -ba-ing
barkeep
'ber
irbary 'bai.b'r.i® 'ba:r-,Barbary ape; ,Barbary Coast irbate 'bu:.beit, -bit, -bat (® 'ba:r-
-z
® ® ® ® 'bairdz-
-ist, -ast -es -z
irbarous'bai.b^r.as® 'ba:r--ly-li
es
ba:r'da:.la-
-a""
-ing
-s -s
,bark up the wrong tree; their .bark is .worse bite than their
Bardolph 'bai.dolf 'ba:r.da:lf Bardot bai'dau bair'dou Bardsey 'ba:d.si 'ba:rd-
bea""
® .bair.ba'rou.sa, -'ra:-
® bairk ®
-er/s -aVz
ba:'dDl.a.tri
Bardwell
irbarossa ,ba:.b'r'Ds.a
irbated
®
bark ba:k
Bardsley 'baidz.li Bardswell 'baidz.wal, -wel
-i.tii
3. tli, -'baer- -ies -iz
® 'ba:r- -es -iz -ing
,barium meal
Papers' generaUy pronounced /ba:'del® ba:r-/.
-'lor)
®
® -'rou.lou
,bai.ray'laor),
,
baer. ao-,
,bair.a'lour)
barometer ba'rom. 1. 1^^
-a.ta*"
® barometric ,baer.au'met.rik -ally ® -'rai.ma.ta^ -s -z
,ber.a'-, ,baer- -al -^1
-'l.i, -li
47
,
barometry - Basle barometry
®
bs'rom.i.tri,
barrio 'baer.i.au®
'-a-
-'ra:. ma-
®
'ber-, 'baer- -s -z baron (B) 'baer.^n baronag|e 'baer. ^n. ids® 'ber-, 'baer-
barrister 'baer.i.sta""®
baroness
®
® az barristers-at-law ® barristerial ® Barron an ® barroom 'bai.rum, -ru:m ® 'ba:r.ru:m, -rum barrow ® 'ber.ou, ,baer
'ber. ^n. as, 'baer-
-es -iz
®
.baer.^n'et
'ber. ^n. at, 'baer-, -it
'baer.a.na.tids, -ni-,
® 'ber.a.na.tids,
,baer.a'net.id3
baronetc|y
®
'baer.a.nat.sli, -nit-,
®
'
-'rou-
-ies -iz
baroque ba'rok,
baer'ok
® ba'rouk,
baer'ouk, -'a:k
baroscope 'baer.aaskaup
'baer- -s -s
-'rai.sa
bart
'ba:,p3:.s^n
'ba:r,p3^:-
-s -z
® ba:rk
barque ba:k Barquisimeto
® ba:r,ka.sa'mei.tou ® ® -ed
®
,ba:.ki.si'mei.tau
-s -s
-t
®
'ber-,
,baer.a'mAn.dla
,ber-, ,baer- -as -az -i
-i
Barrat(t) ba:"^
®
'baer. at
® ba:r
®
'ber-, 'baer-
'baer- -s -z
®
-li ,
'ber-, 'baer- -est
,
® ® ba'ret
Barrhead 'ba:.hed® barricadje
-s -s
'ba:r-
'baer.i
barrier
'baer-, ,-'- -es -z
ba:r'tou.li
'ba:r-
'bairt-
'bai.ruk,
ba'ruik; 'bair.uik,
'ber.
'bea.
i/ig f/K-
'
baer
.
I
;
'
baer-
^/ze f/S.-
'
i
.
'
.
'
baer
.
ik
i
baer'ij"-,
ba'rij.ni.kaif bai'-, ,
-ing
'baer.i.sfia"^
'ber.i.sfir, 'baer- -s -z
'ber-, 'baer-
(B) 'baer.i.a"^
'baer- -s -z
'bairt-
,
'—
-id
-II)
'bair.Pl-
'ba:r-
i
'ber-, 'baer-
.baer.i'keid, -a'-,
® 'ber.a.keid, -ed Barrie ®
'bair.t^l
'ber-
-ness -nas, -nis
Barrett 'baer .at -et -it barrette ba'ret, ba:-
'bair.t^l-
ba'-
biblical
'baer.^l.ai.gan
'baer.^n
-ist, -ast -ly
'ba:.t'l.mei
'bea-,
'ber.^l.Dir-, 'baer- -s -z
barren
® ba:r9 ® Barthes bait ® bairt Bartholomew bai'Gol.a.mju:, ® ba:r'9a:.b-, Bartle ® Bartleby ® Bartlett 'bait.bt, ® Bartok 'bai.tok ® Bartoli ® Bartolommeo .bai.tol.a'mei.au ® ba:r,ta:.b'mei.ou Bartolozzi ® Barton ® Bartram 'bai.tram ® Bart's baits ® ba:rts bartsia ® name: Baruch -rak ® modern surname: ba'ruik Barugh baif ® bairf am ram ® Barum k ® ber Ba rw ck m k ba wi k m ® 'bair.wik Baryshnikov ba'nj.ni.kof -kaif -kaf ® barysphere ® barytone ® 'ber.a.toun, 'bait. si. a
-s -z
®
'ber.i.a^,
.Great .Barrier Reef
®
'ba:r.ig barring 'bai.rir) 'berBarrington 'baer. ig. tan
®
'baer.i.taun
'baer- -s -z
basal 'bei.s^l basalt 'baes.oilt;
®
-ly
® ®
-fa^d in Staffordshire:
-fa^d -iz
ba'sailt, -'solt
ba'sDilt, -'sailt; 'bei.sailt, -sailt
-ir)
-ed
-t
'bei.Jaen
®
'baej.fad
-fa^d
'baej.f^l, -ful -lest -ist, -ast
'baej.au
® bai'Jou ® -s
(B) 'bei.sik -s -s -ally
BASIC, Basic basicity
Basie
-ing
'baej.am
-z
-^l.i, -li
'bei.sik
ba'sis.a.ti, -i.ti
®
-a.ti
'bei.si, -zi
basil (B)
'baez.'l,
-il
®
'bei.z'l, -s'l;
•baez.^1
basilar 'baez.I.b^
®
-i.la^, -^l.a^
Basildon
'baes-, -^l.a"^
.basilar
membrane
'baez.^l.dan
basilect
'-a-®
basilicja ba'zil.i.kia, -as -az -an -an
-'sil-
basilisk 'baez.a.lisk,
'-i-
'baez.i.lekt, 'bei.sa- -s -s -al -^1
'baez.a-,
® ®
-'sil-
'baes-,
'baez- -s -s
basin 'bei.s^n -s -z basinet 'baes. i. net;
'-a-; -nit;
.baes.i'net -s -s
Basinger
®
'beI.sIr).g^^ 'baes.in.d3a'^
'bei.siij.ga^, 'baes.in.dsa^
Basingstoke 'bei.zir).stauk®-stou]. bas|is 'bei.slis -es
-iiz |
baskbaisk®baesk-s-s-ing-ir)-ed-t
Basker
'bai.ska''
® ®
'baes.ka^
Baskervill(e) 'baes.ka.vil
basket
'bai.skit
®
i
-ka^-
'baes.kat -s -s
'
-ful/s -ful/z basket .case; put all one's .eggs in one basket 1
,
basketball
®
'bai.skit. boil
basketry
'bai.ski.tri
®
'baes.ka-
basketwork
'bai.skit.w3ik 'baes.kat.ws^ik
® ® -'rai.bmz
Basle
boil
i
^!
'baes.kat. bail, -bail
Baskin-Robbins -^It;
-s -s
of base) 'bei.siz (plur. of
-ness -nas, -nis
-i
basho basic
-3^d
'bai.t^n
'ber-, 'baer-
'ber-, barrel 'baer. ^1 -(Ding -ID -(l)ed -d
barrel-organ
®
,ba:r.ta'la:t-
,ba:r.a:n'ki:.ja:, ,ber-, ,baer-
barratry 'baer.a.tri®
Bashan bashful
,ba:.ta'lDt.si
-is -is
,baer.ar)'ki:.a
Basham
Bashford
'ba:r,ten.d3^ -s -z
ba:'tau.li
barrag|e'baer.a:d3®ba'ra:rf3-es-iz
Barranquitia
-z -ing
'ba:r- -s
'beis.mant
bash bae/ -es
-s -s
'ba:r.ta:k
,baer.a'kju:.da, -'ku:-
.ber.a'ku:-, ,baer-
-men
-ly
in Nottinghamshire:
'baes.fad
'bair.stou
-lit
,ber.a'ku:.ta, ,baer-, -da -s -z
'beisl.man, -maen
-lis
basis) 'bei.siiz 'beis.fad
'ba:r- -s -z
'bai.t^l.bi
,baer.a'ku:.ta
barramundja
® ba:rt
'bai.t^l
-ness
(plur.
Basf ord
ba^-
'baer-
barracuda
'ba:r-
Barth ba:0
Barraclough 'baer.a.kUf barracouta
®
-Ja^, -.Jir
'bai.ten.da"^
Barthelme
-li
basement
bartjer (B) 'bai-tla""® 'bair.tia^ -ers -a^z -ering -^r.ir) -ered -ad -az
-s -s
Barr ba:^® ba:r 'ber-, 'baerBarra 'baer. a 'ber-, 'baerbarrack 'baer.ak -ir)
®
-s -z
-man, -men
-ed -id
bartender
®
® ®
bartend 'bai.tend® -irj
-es-iz
-bail, -bail
'beis.lain -s -z
base|man
bases
'ba:.stu:l
(B) ba:t
Basel 'bai.z^l baseless 'beis.las,
baseline
'baer.i.ma:'^
Barstow 'ba:.stau®
Ba,rossa Valley barouch|eba'ru:J,baer'u:J®ba'ru:J
®
'beis.bail
-nas, -nis
'bai.sit, -set, -sat
barstool
,ber.a'ska:.pik, ,baer-
barperson
'baer-
'ber-, 'baer-
-shire -Ja^ -Jia^
'baes.kjuil -s -z
bas|ebeis-es-iz-er-af®-3^-est-ist, -ast -ely -li -eness -nas -nis -ing -ir) -ed-t .base metal; base .rate
® -baird ® -bairn
'ber.i.mair, 'baer-
Barset
® 'ber.a.skoup, baroscopic .baer.ao'skop.ik ® Barossa ba'ros.a ®
®
'baer.i
Barrymore
®
'bei.saen
baseboard 'beis.baid baseborn 'beis.bain Baseden 'beiz.dan
'ber-, 'baer-
,ber.ou.in'f3^:-, ,baer-
Barry
Basan
'baseball ,bat; baseball .cap
.baer.au.in'f3:.nis, -nes, -nas
®
-'sol-
ba'sDil.tik, -'sail-
baseball
Barrow-in-Furness
'ber-, 'baer-
®
,
at la:
-s -z
'ber-, 'basr- -ies -iz
®
48
.
(B) 'baer.au
baronial ba'rau.ni.al baron|y 'baer.^nl.i
®
st
-s -z
'baer- -es -iz
barre
.
.ber.a'stir.i-, ,baer'baer.
baronetagje
® ®
i
.basr.i'stia.ri.al
'baer. ^n. at, -it, -et,
-s -s
® ®
.
.ber.a.sta^z.at'la:, ,baer-, -'b:
baronet
basaltic ba'soil.tik,
bascule
.ber.a.sta^.at'la:, ,baer-, -'b:
(B) 'baer.^n.es, -is, -as;
jbaer.^n'es
-ing
'ber.i.sta^,
'baer- -s -z
barrister-at-law ,baer.I.sta^^t'b:
-es-iz
-net-
'bair.i.ou, 'ber-,
'baer- -s -z
.baes.kin'rob.inz
basmati - Bayswater ismati ba'smai.ti, baes'ma:-, baz-,
jsmi(t)zvah
®
@
ba'sui.tu:, -'sau.tau
(B) baesk, ba:sk
-ses -ziz
bathmat
® baesk
-s -s
®
ass in music: beis -es
,bass
-iz
clari net; ,bass clef; ,bass ,bass guitar
drum;
assenthwaite 'baes.'n.Gweit asset 'baes.it ®-3t -s-s basset ,hom; basset hound
®
baes'tea""
'baes.it
®
assinet(te)
'baeG.3ist, -ast, -haist,
baet'iik; 'baet.ik
Batley
>assoon ba'suin
lasswood
-s -z -ist/s -ist/s
'baes.ta^d -s -z -y
military: 'baet I. man
®
bats -ir)
-ed -d >astille (B) baes'tiil -s -z ,baes.ti'na:.dau, -'nei-z
-ing
'baes. ti. an
-ir)
®
-ed -d
®
iasuto ba'su:.tau, -'zu:-tou -s -z iasutoland ba'sui.tau.laend, -'zu:-
® -toulat baet -s
-s
-ting
®
-ir)
'baet.ir)
®
Sa'taan ba'tain -'taen, 3atavia ba'tei.vi.a
-ted
-'tain
® Battambang 'baet.am.baeg ® battels ®
®
boin
® baik, baik Baum US name:Jbo:m ® baim, baim German name: baum bauxite ® -an/s Bavarija ® -an/z bawbee ® -ry bawd baid ® baid, baid Bawden 'bai.d^n ® -ing
boik, bailk -ed -t
-s -s
-ig
'baik-, 'baik-'ver.i-
bai'bii, '-
'bai.bii, 'bai-,
-'--s -z
'-jan
'baet-
'baet-
batten (B) 'baet ^n -s -z -ing-ig -ed-d Battenberg 'baet.'n.bsig, -^m-^n.ba^ig Battenberg ,cake 'baetl.a""
®
-a^z -ering - ^r
.
-ers -az -a^d ig -ered -ad 'baetl.a^
®
Battersby 'baet.az.bi® 'baet.a^zBattersea 'baet. a. si 'baet.a^batter|y
-ri
®-i.3^-iest-i.ist, -i.ast -ily-i.li,-^I.i
-iness - i.nas,-i.nis'bawdy, house bail, bail -s -z -ing -ig bail
®
bawl
'baet.^rl.i
® ® ®
(n.) 'baet.ig
®
-a^/z
baeks
Baxandall
'baek.s'n.dail
®
-doil,
'baet- -ies -iz
'baet.ir) 'bat-
®
'baek-sta""
-sta^
(B) bei -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d bay ,leaf; ,Bay of 'Pigs; bay ,tree; ,bay
bay
window bayard (B)/iorse.beiad®beia^d-s-z -aird Bayard surname: 'bei.aid Bayard airship: 'bei.aid, -'-; beiad
®
®
beia^d; 'bei.aird -s -z
® bei- ®
-,berbayberrjy 'bei.b^rl .i Bayer" 'bei.a'' -a^, ber
-ies -iz
®
'bei.jui, Bayeux bai'jai, sams shift, British only: see
'bal-
compound: ,Bayeux 'Tapestry
Bayley
'bei.li
Bayliss 'bei.hs
Baylor 'bei.lp"^ Bayly 'bei.li
®
-la^
Baynes bemz
,
-^1.3^
'baet.i.Jil, -J^l
battl|e (B)
'baet
.
®
^1
®
'baet-
'baet- -es -z
-ing
-ed-d -er/s-aVz, '-laVz '-^1.3^/z, '-la^/z battle ,cry; ,Battle of Britain; ,battle royal; battle stations battleaxje, battic-ax baet .^l.aeks
®
'beit.man
Battishill
-ig, 'baet. hg
bat|e (B) belt -es -s -ing -ir) 'bei.tid 'bei.tir) -ed -id
®
-s -z
Bates belts
Baynham
'bei.
nam
®
Baynton
'bein.tan
bayonejt
'bei.a.nalt, -nilt, -nelt;
,bei.a'nelt
® ®
-t(t)ing -tig
®
-t'n
,bei.a'nelt,
'
—
ts -ts
-tig -t(t)ed -tid
-tid
,
Bateson 'beit.s^n Batey 'bei.ti® -ti
®
ba|th (B) (n.)bai IG® baelG-ths -dz ,Bath bun, Bath ,bun; ,bath chair;
bath ,cube; bath ,mat; bath
,
salts;
Bath stone; ,Bath 'Oliver bath (i;. ) ba iG® baeG -s -s -ing -ir) -ed -t bath |e be 6 -es -z -ing -ir) -ed -d bath,
1
ba'tael.i.an, '-jan
'baet.^lz
battjer
® bou'dwain
Baughan bain bain, Bauhaus 'bau.haus
Baxter
-men -man
ting .average; batting order
Batchelar, Batchelor 'baet;.3l.a%
Bateman
'baetsl.man
'battery ,acid
baet J -es -iz
® ®
-dail
-s -z
batting
'baet.boi -s -z
®
-s -z
baets
batsjman
® ®
.bou.da'ler, ,boud'ler
Bax
'battering, ram
'baet. id
-Llaf®
man
.
'-tjan, '-ti.an
-ed -d
®
Baudouin 'bau.dwaen Bauer baua"^ baua^ Baugh bai bai, boi
-ed -d -er/s -aVz
battalion
»ast|e beist -es -s -ing -ig -ed -id
® -dou -es
'baet.
®
>astardiz|e, -is|e 'bai.sta.daiz, 'baes.ta^- -es -iz -ing 'baes.ta-
lastinado
-men
Batman" 'baet.maen ba'tain baton 'baet .on; -^n Baton Rouge ,baet.^n'rui3
-i
® ®
'bai-, 'bai Baucis 'bai. SIS Baudelaire 'b^u.da.lea^ ,-'-
bawdjy 'bai.dii® 'bai-, 'ba^-ier-i.a""
'baet.li
-s -z
lastable 'baes.ta.b'l •astard 'ba:.stad, 'baes. tad
'baet-
Batumi bai'tui.mi batwing 'baet. wig .batwing 'sleeve 'bai-, 'bai- -s -z bauble 'bai.b^l
-s -z
batman oriental weight:
'baes.wud
'baet- -ier -i.a^
'bai-, 'bai-
-man
•ast (B) baest
3atboy
ba'tiik;
baet'iist, ba'tiist
bat|man
-i -i:
-id®
®
'baet- -s -s
-i.ist, -i.ast
ba'vea.ril .a
'baet.ik
batiste
-s -s
'baet.i
® ®
'baik.sait
'baeG.a^ist, -h^ist
batik
'baes.iij.bDin
Battye
®
'baet.^l.Jip
baet'ui, -'jui -s -z
batt|y 'baet.li ®-i.a^-iest
baulk
-s -z
bathyscaphe 'baeG.i.skaef -s -s bathysphere 'baeG. I. sfia'^®-sfir-s-z
'ass|o 'baesl.au® -ou, 'bai.slou
aatch
® 'baeG.ruim, -rum ®
®
-at
® -bairn assist 'bei.sist
-s -z
'baiG.rum, -ruim
'bai.G3ist, -Gast, 'baiG.haist
.baes.i'net, -a'- -s -s
assingbourne
-s -z
Bathurst
-'ter
'baes.i
>astion
-es -iz
Bathsheba 'baeG.Ji.ba; baeG'Jii'baeG- -s -z bathtub 'bciG.tAb
,
asseterre
®
'-a- -s -s
'-a- -s -s
'baeG.ao.liG
bathroom
assaniob3'sa:.ni.3u,baes'a:-^ -s
-z
^
Belorussija
®
-'lit-
-es -z
Belize ba'liiz, bel'iiz bell(B)bel-s-z-ing-ig-ed-d'beU.jar; bell .pepper; beU .tent; beU .tower 'bel.a
belladonna .bel.a'don.a Bellamy 'bel. a. mi
® -'dai.na
^
Belper Belsen
'bel.
.bel.ei'pok
®
Belle Isle .bel'ail Bellerophonba'ler.a.fan,bi-®-fan,
®
-zi ,
-pa^ n
Jam
'bel.Joi
Belshazzar
®
-Jai, -Joi •
bel'J'aez.a''® -a^
Belsize 'bel.saiz 'bel.stid, -sted
I
®
'bel .tig belt (B) belt -s -s -ing/s -ig/z -ed-id® 'bel. tidbe.lowthe belt
'bel.t1n.d3am
'bel. tan
beltway
'belt.wei -s -z
Beiuchistan -'paik
®
'bel.s^n
Belsham Belshaw
Belton
'bel.bai -s -z
-'lou
.bel.pai'ei.zei, -zi
'bel. pa''
Beltingham
-s-z -ed-d
®
bi'lau, ba-
Belstead
a'bel.a. triks,ba'lei-® 'bel.
bell-bottom'bel,bDt.am®-.bai.tam
ba'lui.tji. stain, bi-,
-staen; ba.lui.t/i'stain, ba-, -ki'-,
-'staen
beluga ba'lui.ga, bi'-, bel'ui- -s -/ belvedere (8) 'bel.va.dIa^ -vi-,
,-
-fain
belles lettres
Bellevue
-an/s -an/z
^
Bel Paese
epoque
-ou'-, -a'-
bi'lAV.id, ba-, -'lAvd
belittl|e bi'ht.^1, ba-® -ing-ig, -'lit.lig -ed -d
belle
.bel.aa'rAj'l.a, .bjel-,
beloved used predicatively: bi'Uvd,
below
Bellatrix
®
.bel'let .ra
bel'vjui, '-
,
-ing -ig -ed -d
Belishaba'hi.Ja,bi-Be,lisha 'beacon
Bella
ba-®-'laig, -'b:g
ba- used attributively or as a noun:
.belleofthe'ball
in Scotland:
-s -z
bi'log,
-'rui.sil-
bel le (B) bel -s -z .Southern belle;
bii.ig -s -z
Beira 'bai.ra® 'beiBeirut bei'ruit Beit bait Beith surname: biiG place bird
.
,
bellboy
bei'rfsiri
Bejam^ 'bii.dsaem bejan 'bii.ds'n -s -z
'bel.faest,
'
'bel. ig. haem
-s -z
believ|e bi'Uiv, ba- -es
®
beholden bi'haul.d^n, ba- (3) -'houlbehoof bi'huif, babehoovje bi'huiv, ba- -es -z -ing -ir)
being
'--
Northumberland:
,
-'hould -s -z bi'hauld, ba-ing -ir) beheld bi'held, babeholder/s bi'haol.da''/z, ba-
Beijing
bel'faist,
-ied -aid
Behn ben
behovje
in
®
-s
Belgic 'bel.dsik
Belial
bi.haind.da'siinz (SD ba- stress shift: .behind-the-scenes 'tour
behold
ingham
bell-push 'bel.puj" -es bellringer 'bel, rig. a*^
'bel.frii -ies -iz
Belgravia
bi'haind. haend, ba-
I
'bel.1n.d3am surname: 'bel.1n.d3am, -ig.am, -haem in the US: London: bel ig am
-gla^
British only: .Belgrave 'Square
-s
-s
behind-the-scenes
Behrman
'bel.am.nait -s
^
-ly-li
Bel
bellow
'-- stress shift, bel'greid British only: .Belgrade 'streets
-ir)
i
Bellot 'bel.au
-s -z
® ®
Belgrade
-ed -id
behindhand
Belfast
Belgium
ba- -ist/s -ist/s
beheld (/rom behold)
-fja^
bI'liI.gla^ ba-
Belgian 'bel.dsan
bi'hei.vj^rl.i.z'm,
bi'hed, ba- -s -z -ing
®
dam
ba'lem, bel'em
belemnite
-vja^i.al
behemoth
Belem
belfr|y
behavio(u)r|ism
'bel.
®
®
behavio(u)ral
-3>-/z
-a^z -ering -'r.ig -ered -ers -az -a^/z -a^d -erer/s -aVz -ad
-s -z
behead
-li
ba'lids.'r. anils, bi'-
ba'lids.'r.ant, bi- -s -s
'
'bel.ijaf
beleagujer
-'haef
behavio(u)r bI'heI.vja^ ba-
®
-er/s -aVz
beldam(e)
-ed-d
(05)
-tid -ly
bi'lei.tid,
Belcher -s -z
begun
behavje
® ba- ®
bi'laes.kau,
®
-ed -d
beguine
-rusian -rujan -kou ba-
-i.ti
-si
belligerent
belay bi'lei, ba- -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d bel canto .bel'kaen.tau -too belch (B) beltj -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -t
-ed -d
-ir)/li
-cy
.bel.a'ruis, ,bjel-
'
-a'kai.sa.ti
belligeren|ce
-ed -d
bi'lea.ri.as, ba-, -'lai-
-ness -nas, -nis
begrudg|e beguilje
-ir)
-ba^
-'ler.i-
Belasco belated
-ir)
®
bI'leI.ba^ ba-
-ruis.jan, -rus.i.an,
-ed-d -IT)
-ing
Belarus
-'gai.t^n
begrim|e bi'graim, ba-
® ®
-s -z
Belarius
begorra bi'gor.s, ba-'goir.a begot (from beget) bi'got, ba-
'bel.jui
bellhop, 'bel. hop -haip -s -s bellicose 'bel.i.kaus, '-a-, -kauz -kous -ly -li bellicosity .bel.i'kos.a.ti,
-(l)ed -d
bel bel -s -z
begonia
(© -'gait -ten -^n
bi'dsui.al -s -z -(l)ing -ig
belabo{u)r
® -'gain
Bellew
®
-zas
®
'bel.vjui
'bel.va.dir,
Belvoir
'biLva"^
,--'-
®
'-
-s -z
-va>^
52 I
bema t
ma
'bi:.m3 -s -z -ta -ta
Bmbridge
®
Benet US
-ta
bs-
® -'moun
®
emusje
bi'mjuiz, ba- -es -iz -ing
-ir)
-ed -d -ement -mant
-ja-
enbow'ben.bau, 'bem-® 'ben. boo
ench ben/J -es -iz encher 'ben. fja"^ enchley 'benfj.li
®
enchmark -ing
-8 -s
-fja^ -s -z
'benfj.maik
® -moirk
-ir)
end bend
-ing -ir) -ed -id bent bent bendable ben.da.b'l .round -s -z
endall
'ben.d^l, -da:l
®
-d^l, -dail,
-da:l
tender
®
(B) 'ben.da"^
®
®
,ber).g^ri:z, ,ben-, -go:'-
-ga'liiz, -'li:s
®
®
>eneath
-i.a^
®
'enedicite -tja-, -tei
.ben.i'dai.si.ti, -'di:.t/i-,
®
-a'dis.a.ti,
,bei.nerdi:.tj"i:.tei -s -z
tenedick 'ben.i.dik, '-a- -s -s lenedict 'ben.i.dikt, '-atenedictine liqueur: .ben.i'dik.tiin, -a'- -s -z
lenedictine monk: ,ben.i'dik.tin, -a'-,
Iota:
-tain
®
-tin, -ti:n -s -z
Members of the Order
pronounce /-tin/. tenediction .ben.i'dik.J^n, -a'- -s -z tenedictus .ben.i'dik.tas, -a'-, -tus -es -IZ
tenefaction ,ben.i'faek.pn,
'-a-
®
,ben.a'faek-, 'ben.a.faek- -s -z
»enefactive iben.i'faek-,
'ben.i.faek.tiv, -a-;
-a'-®
'ben.a.faek-,
>enefactor 'ben.I.faek.t^^
®
-ta^ -s -z
»enefactress
-a'-®
'ben.a.faek-
eneficbi'nef.ik »enef ic|e 'ben.i.fis,
'-a-
-es -iz -ed
»enef icenjce bi'nef .i.s^nlfs, ba-t/ly
,
-tid
-ast -ly-li
-ly
.ben.i'fij.^l, -a'- -ly
-li
-li
>eneficiar|y
.ben.i'fij.^rl.i, -a'-
)ene|fit 'ben. il. fit, -fit(t)ing -fi.tig
Benin ben'iin, bi'niin, baBenlng 'ben.ig benlson 'ben.i.s'n, '-a-, -z^n
®
'-a- -fits -fits -fi.tir) -fit(t)ed
-s -z
etc.:
,ber.i'nai.si, -ki, -'nii.tjei .ber.i'nii.tji
,ber.a'ni:s,
opera by
modern name:
-i'-
'ber.'ni.san
®
®
®
'bai.ga.mot, -mat 'b3^:.ga.ma:t -s -s 'bsi.gan, 'bea-
®
Berger English surname:
® ba'ni:.tou
® ®
'b3^:.d3a^
'b3^:-
'bsi.dsa"^
US surname:
'bai.ga''
Benjamin 'ben.d3a.m1n, -man Benjamite 'ben.d3a.ma1t -s -s Bennben
Bergerac'b3:.3a.raek®,b3^:.3a'raek,
Bennet(t)
Bergkamp
'ben. it
® ®
'baig.man
® berg'sou-,
Bering -s
-ite/s
-t '--
'bent.li -s -z
'ben. tan
'bent.wud
benumb bi'nAm, ba- -s -z -ing -iq Benvolio ben'vau. li.au
®
®
'bs^ig-,
'ba^ig-
'bs^ig-
b3>^:g-
beribbonedbi'rib.^nd, baberiberi .ber.i'ber.i
benthic 'beni.eik Bentlnck 'ben.tigk
Benton
'bsig.kaemp
Bergson 'baig.san 'berg-, Bergsonlan baig'sau.ni.an
'ben.tam, 'benf.Gam
Bentlneben'tiin,
-'roik
Bergman
'benz.li
® 'beni.Gam -ism -i.z^m
'b3^:.ga^
-kaimp
Bennette ben'et, ba'net Ben Nevis ,ben'nev.is Bennington ben. ig. tan
-'vou.li.ou
Jenet'ben.it
benzolc ben'zau.ik
Benelux 'ben.i.lAks ienenden 'ben. an. dan
m ancient Egypt,
Berenice
Bergen
Benls(s)on 'ben.i.s^n, -aBenito ben'ii.tau, ba'ni:-
Jene't 'ben. it
-fi.tid
.ber.^g'gea.ri.a, -ig'-,
bergamot
Benz benz, bents Benzedrine 'ben.zi.driin, -za-, -drin benzene, benzine 'ben.ziin, -'benzoate 'ben.zau.eit -zou-
-fi.tid®
-s
-'ger.i-
®
-ed -d
-ies -iz
ba- -s
Beresford 'ber. is. fad, -iz-fa^d beret 'ber.ei, -i ba'rei -s -z berg (B) b3:g, beag b3^:g -s -z
bi'nig.na.ti, ba-, -ni-
bentwood
-ness -nas, -nis
®
Handel:
bi'nig.nanf.si, ba-
-na.ti
Bentley
-t/li
Jenef icial
®
-er)'-
-ait/s
-es -IZ
-z
benignity
Bentham
'ben.i.faek.tras, '-a-,
-tris; ,ben.i'faek-,
bi'nai.tid, ba-
Benson 'beni.s^n Benstead 'beni.stid, -sted bent (B) (from bend) bent -s
'-a-
bi-
Berenson
Bensley
.ben.a'faek-
bi'riiv,
-ing-ig -ed -d»
Berengarla
Benny 'ben.i Bensham 'benf.Jam
-a'-
'ba^i.ba^ -s -z
Benlgnlba'ni:.ni
®
bi'ni:6, ba-
-'rei.tir)
-'rei.tid
bereft bi'reft, ba-
benignantbi'nig.nant, ba-iest
-i.a^
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
-i.ist, -i.ast
®
bereavement bi'riiv.mant,
benignbi'nain, ba--est-ist
benignancy
-'rei.tig
ba'rii.a, bi-
ber)-,
-'ha^:
'ben.i.daim,
® -dairm
-s
-rates -'reits
-'ssiz
'ben. am
Ben-Hur ben'ha:"^
ba- -s
-rated ® Berber ® berceuse bea's3:z ® ber'suz, Bere bia"^® bir Berea ® babereav|e -es ba- ® -rating
'bai.ba"^
,ben.gur'ja:n
-'gur.i-,
benighted
^end|y 'ben.dii -ier
-z
Benghazi ber)'ga:.zi, benBen-Gurion ben'gua.ri.an, -'gur.i-
'bi:-
bil'reit, ba-, bi-
-'rei.tid
Bengali beo'gDi.li, ben- -s Bengasi ber)'ga:.zi, benBenge bends
-za-
-z^l
bequea|thbrkwi:ld,ba-,-'kwi:l0 -ths-dz, -Gs -thing -dir) -thed-dd, -Gt
bejratc
>endroflumethiazide
® -droo-
-'go:l;
bequest bi'kwest,
tendix' 'ben.diks ,ben.drau,flu:.mi'9ai.a.zaid
'bei.ao.wulf,
'berj.g^l, 'ben- stress shift, British
Benldorm -da^ -s -z
Beowulf
only: .Bengal 'tiger
Benham
the 'bend
-li
® 'beia.wulf
,ber)'go:l, ,ben-
Bengalese
®
®
'ben.fli:t
,bi:'end3
Bengal
ba'na:r.i:z
®
benzol 'ben.zol -za:l benzoilne 'ben.zau.li:n benzyl 'ben.zil -zi:.al,
-ton
'-a-,
benevolence bi'nev.^l.anfs, babenevolent bi'nev.^l.ant, bi- -ly
BEng
bi'nai.riz, ba-, ben'a:-
® enbecula ben'bek.ju.la, bem-, ® ben-
'ben.i.t^n,
-a.tan, -ta:n
Benfleet
en ben enares
- Berks.
benzoin 'ben.zau.in, -'~® 'ben.zou-, ben'zou-
Benetton'
-ing-io -ed -d
-s -z
®
ba'nei,
ben'ei
'bem.brids
tmoan bi'msun,
surname: ben'ei
® ® -'zou-
'bea. rig,
'ber-®
ing 'Strait Berlo 'ber.i.au -ou Berlsford 'ber. is. fad
®
'ber.ig .Ber-
® ®
-fa-d
berk b3:k®b3-:k-s -z Berkeleian ba:k'li:.an 'ba^i.kli.an Berkeley in England: 'bai.kli
® ® berkellum ®
'ba:r-, 'ba^:- in
US:
'bsi.kli
'b3^:-
b3:'ki:.li.am
'b3^:.kli.am, b3^:'kli:.am
Berkhamsted, Berkhampstead 'bsi.kamp.stid, -sted® 'b3>-:Note: The usual British pronunciation is /'b3i-/, but the form /'ba:-/ is used
by some residents. Berkley 'bai.kli 'ba^:Berkoff 'bsi.kof 'b3-:.ka:f
® ® Berks, (abbrev.for Berkshire) boiks, 'ba:k.Ja^ Jia^ ® -
b3-:ks; 'ba^ik.Ja^,
-Jir
53
Berkshire - betwixt Berkshire 'ba:k.J^^
®
-
'ba^ik.Ja^,
-
®
Jia*^
Berlin in Germany: h3:'hn(^h3^:stress shift, British only, see
compound: .Berlin Wall Berlin surname: 'b3:.lin, -'- (® 'bs^:-, -'- town in US: 'bsi.lin 'ba^:Berliner bsi'lin.af hang baer) thangra 'basrj-gra, hindi bin.di
,bu:.ta'ni:z
H- bai
Words containing bi-
normally take secondary stress, but sometimes primary stress, on the first syllable, e.g. bimetallic /,bai.met'ael.ik/, British English bicarb /'bai.kaib/, or primary stress on the second syllable, e.g.
®
iianca
bi'aerj.ka
®
bai'sen.t^n.erl.i; (bai.sen'ten.^r- -ies -iz ,bai.sen'ten.i.al, -san'-
-s -s
-ing
-ir)
-ed
®
-t
'bai,fou-, ,-'-
bifurjcate 'bai.fa.keit, -f3:-®-f3^-cates -keits -eating -kei.tir) -kei.tir) -cated -kei.tid
® ® -kei.tid bifurcation ®
,bai.fa'kei.J^n, -fa:'-
-fa^'- -s -z
®
-a"^ -a^ -gest -ist, -ast -ness-nas, -nis ,Big Apple; ,Big Bang; ,Big Ben; ,big business; ,Big Dipper; ,big game; ,big screen; ,big wheel; ,hit the big ,time
'big. a. mist -s -s
'big. a. mas -ly -li bigamjy 'big.a.mli -ies -iz Bigelow 'big.^l.au, -i.lau
® -a.lou
Bigfoot 'big.fut Bigge big biggie big.i Biggin 'big. in biggish 'big.i/ Biggies 'big>lz
Bicester
'bis.ta^
®
'big.^lz.weid
Biggs bigz -ta-
biggjy
'bigl.i -ies -iz
bichloride, bai'kb:. raid® -'kb:r. aid
Bigham
bichromate
bighead 'big.hed -s -z bigheaded ,big'hed.id, -ad®
,bai'krau.meit, -met,
® -'kroubickjei ® -ers -az ® -ering/s -ered -ad ® -erer/s -^r.aVz ® -mit
'bikl .a'
-a^
-^r.ig/z
-a^z
-a^d
-a^.a^/z
®
® -'kou-
'big.
'-a^-
am
-ness -nas, -nis stress .bigheaded 'bully
-ly
-li
bighorn
Bickerstaff(e)'bik.a.sta:f®-a-.staef
®
-'aer)-, -'a:r)-
®
biff bif
Biggleswade 'bai.seps
Bicknell 'bik.n^I bicoastai bai'kau.st^l
-'ael.a-
Bielefeld 'bii.la.felt, -feld biennial bai'en.i.al -ly -i bier bia'^® bir -s -z Bierce bias birs
'
bi'a:.la.sta:k,
bi'ael.i.stok; '-a-;
.bii.a'lis.tok
-eit , -it
Bickersteth 'bik.a.steG, -stiG® Bickerton 'bik.a.t^n® '-a^Bickford 'bik.fad -fa^d bickie 'bik.i -s -z Bickleigh, Bickley 'bik.li
/bai'aeG.liit/.
tiafrja bi'aef.ria, bai'- -an/s -an/z
}ialystok
,
-s -z
® 'bui.tou
ibai.daia'lek.t^l.i.z^m
bigamist
®-'ka:r--s-sbi, carbonate of soda bice bais Bice 'bii.tji; bais bicentenarjy .bai.sen'tii.n^rl.i,
biceps
-z
bigamous
® bai'kairb
bicarbonate ,bai 'ka: .b^n. at
bicentennial
-'taen
thutto 'bu:.tau, 'but.au
biathlete
-ism
.bai'kaem.^r.^l
-s^n'-, -'ten.^r'ba:r)-
® bou-
lote: Prefix.
-a-,
-i.z'm
bicarb 'bai.ka:b
®
Bidwell 'bid.wel
big big -ger
®
'bib.li.aa.fail
Bic* bik
tezique bi'ziik, baIFPO ,bi:.ef.pi:'au
thutanese
,bib.li.aa'mei.ni.aek
-a'-, -ou'- -s -s
bicameral
(hopal bau'pail thutan bu:'ta:n,
-zf-lz
bibulous 'bib. ja. las, -ju-®-ja--ly-li
E^ziers 'bez.i.ei
thagwan
-'a:.la-
-ou- -s -z
•ezel 'bez.^l -s -z
thagavad-Gita
®
-a'-, -ou'-
bibliophile
-z -ing -ig -ed -id
-s -z
.bib.li.ao'mei.ni.a
bibliomaniac
leyrout(h) bei'ruit tezant 'bez.^nt -s -s
,bAg-, -vaed'-
® ®
-a7z
.bib.li'ol.a.tlri
®
bid|e (B) baid -es
Biffen 'bif.in, -an bifocal bai'fau.k^l
-a^/z
bibliomania
®
or
.bib.li'og.ra.fli
-'ai.gra- -ies -iz -er/s
lexleyheath ,bek.sirhi:6
®
-a'-/,
/,bib.li'Dg.ra.fi®-'a:.gra-/.
iexley 'bek.sli
'eynon 'bai.nan, 'beileyonce bi'onf.sei, beileyond bi'ond -';a:nd
bibliomania
secondary stress on the first syllable, with primary stress occurring on the third syllable, e.g. bibliography
bibliolat|ry -er/s -aVz
!ey bei -s -z
®
-^'If
bidialectalisrrw
first syllable, e.g.
®
bid.Alf,
(B) 'bidt.i -ies -iz
bidialectal ,bai.daia'lek.t^i
bib.li.ou, -a; ,bib.li'a:-
/.bib.li.ao'mei.ni.a
-a^ -s -z
bid.^l
®
-^l.i, -li
,bib.li'D
/'bib.li.ao.fail
® ®
,
Bideford 'bid.i.fad -fa^d Biden 'bai.d^n bi'dei, bi:- -s bidet 'bii.dei
'bai.b^ln,baej.ig
biblicjal 'bib.li.kl'l -ally
®
®
Biddulph
Note: Prefix. Normally takes either primary or secondary stress on the
ewick(e)
ewitch
Bible-bashing
-s -s
bid bid -s -z -ding-ir) -der/s-a7z -a^/z bade baed be id bidden
bidd|y
Bible ,Belt
'bai.b'libaej.a"^® -a^
biblio- bib.li.au;
bi'/iwis.kad, bs-
® -ka^d
-ers -3Z -ered -ad
-a. lou,
-s -z
-iz
bicyclist 'bai.si.klist, -sa-
®
'bai.b^l -s -z
-^Iz
-led -^Id
-III)
Biddle
®
-^1. au
'bii.blou -s -z
Bible
'bev.is
'hi:. VIS,
-ling
biddable 'bid.a.b^l bidder (B) 'bid.a"^
'bib.i
'bib.lau,
-s -z
bicycjle 'bai.si.ki'l, -sa- -les
'bid. an
-s -z
bibelot
Bvv|y
'—
,bi:.a'rits,
biaxial bai'aek.si.al
eves
Bvin 'bev.in
®
biathlete bai'aeG.liit -s -s biathlon bai 'aeG. Ian, -Ion® -la:n-s-z biaxal bai'aek.s^l
Bibby
Bvis
,bia'rits, '-
bicuspid bai'kAs.pid
-li
bai as -(s)es - 1 z -(s)ing -i o -(s)ed -t
HUls 'bii.vis
bai'aen.ju.al -s -z -ly
bight -ed
'big.
bait -s
-id®
-s -z
'bai. tig
'big.li:g
'big.lau
® -lou
Bignell 'big.n^l big|ot 'bigl.at -ots
®
® -hairn ®
-ing -ig
'bai.tid
big-league
Biglow
ham
-s
'-,-
shift:
-ats -oted -a.tid
-a.tid
bigotrjy
'big.a.trii -ies -iz
55
;
bigraph - biodegradab|le
Bilabial both of the
Bilabial articulations involve
lips.
pan
/paen/
ban
/baen/
man
/maen/
Examples for English and /m/ are examples of bilabial sounds.
In English, /p//b/
These are (/w/
all
also
is
lip
made with a complete closure of the lips,
sometimes
has tongue to
The plosives /p/ and fbl are one of the
referred to as bilabial, but, as
movement towards the velum
rounding, it
in
rather than voiceless
it
which are said to respectively,
and voiced.
addition
more accurately described
is
pairs
be distinguished by being fortis and lenis
as
'labial-velar!), e.g:
® -fould ®
bindweed
bigraph 'bai.gra:f,-graefiology barDl.a.d3i
>iome 'bai.aum
birdwatchjing
®
-s -s -al -^1
jiometrybarDni.a.tri,'-i-®-'a:.ma-
3iophysicist
'bsid.sog
® ®
.bai.aa'fiz.i.sist, -ou'-
'bsid.wotjl.ir)
biopsjy 'bai.op.sli
® ®
-oo'-
bireme
-'-
'bai.ri:m,
biretta bi'ret .a biriani
®
®
.
® -skoup
'bs^:-, -gi:t
'b3:.bek, 'bsik-
'b3^:-, 'bs^^ik- college in
®
London:
®
® ,b3^:.k^n'hed, Birkenstocks^ 'bsi.k'n.stoks stalks ® Birkett ® Birkin ® Birley ® Birling ® Birminghamp/acem UK: places 'bsi.mirj.am ® 'bsi.miQ.haem ® Birnam 'b3:.nam ® Birney ® Biro 'baia.rau ® 'bai.rou
-s
® -ou,bai.aa.tek'nDl.a.d3i ®
'bsi.kit
'bsi.kin
'bsi.h
biotech 'bai.ao.tek
'bsi.lir)
biotechnology
'ba^i-
'bs^i-
'bs^i-
'bs^:-
in US:
'b3>^:-
-ou.tek'na:.la-
,bai.ao'ter.'r.i.z'm
'b3^:-
'bsM-
-ou,-
biotope 'bai.aataup biparous 'bip.'r.as
® -toup
-s -s
bai'pai.ti.zaen;
® bai'pair.ta.zan
-s -z
Biron
'bai.ran
Lost'.
® bai'pair-
stress shift: .bipartite 'treaty
'bai.ped -s -z
'bs^:-
Note: /bi'ruin/ in 'Love's Labour's
,bai.pa:.ti'zaen, -zan
bipartite bai'pa:.tait
'bsi.ni
'
birr bs:"^
®
®
Birrell'bir.^l
birrotch
'b3^:9-
® ® ®
bis bis
Biscay
biscuit .barrel
'bis. kit -s -s
®
bisect bai'sekt -ing
.Bay of 'Biscay
'bis.kei, -ki
biscuit
-If)
'bai.sekt,
-'-
-s -s
-ed -id
bisection bai'sek.J'n -s -z bisector bai'sek.taf -ta^ -s -z bisexual bai'sek.Jual, -Ju.al, -sjual, -sju.al® -Ju.al bisexuality bai.sek.Ju'ael.i.ti, -sju'ael-, -a.ti
bishop
®
-Ju'ael.a.ti
(B) 'bij.ap -s -s
bishopric
'bij.a.prik -s -s
Bishopsgate
'bij.aps.geit, -git
Bishop's Stortford .bi/.aps'stoit.fad, -'sta:-
® Bishopstoke 'bij.ap.stauk ® -stouk -'stoirt.fa^d, -'stair-
Bishopston 'bij.ap.stan Bishopton 'bij.ap.tan Bisley
'biz.li -s -z
Bismarck 'biz.maik bismuth 'biz.ma9 bison 'bai.s'n -s -z
Bispham swrnamg;
'bai.rotj"
® -mairk
'bis.fam,
'bis.pam place: 'bis.pam
Bissau
'bis.au,
-'-
® bisk ® bi'sau
-s -s
Bissell bis.'l Bissett'bis.it, 'biz-
bissextilebi'sek. stall
®
-st'l, -stail
-s -z
bister
'bis. ta'^®-ta^
Bisto' 'bis.tau® -tou bistour|y 'bis.t'ri.i -ies -iz bistre 'bis.ta"^® -ta^ bistro, bistrot 'bii.strau, bis-
® -strou
-s -z
bisulph|atebai'sAl.fleit,
®-fleit
-flit, -flat
-ite -ait
-s .bits and pieces; take the .bit between one's teeth bitch bitj -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d bitchjy 'bitJI.i -iness -i.nas, -i.nis
bitbit -s
-ier -i.a''® ba^:
'bs^i.aitj
®
birthrate 'b3:9.reit 'b3^:9- -s -s birthright 'b3:9.rait 'b3^:9- -s -s Birtwistle 'b3:.twi.s'l 'b3^:biryani ,bir.i'a:^ni -s -z
bisque biisk, bisk
'b3^:k-
Birkenau 'b3:.k3n.au 'bs^:Birkenhead bsi.k'n'hed, -
'ba^i.k'n.
-s
biosphere'bai.aasfia'^®-a.sfir-s-z
bioterrorism
-s -z
'
-ou,-
-s -z
bai au. skaup
® bai'riim ®
-'ret- -s -z
,bir.i'a:.ni -s -z
'b3:k.bek
-s
-a:p- -ies -iz
'bai.ac»,rid.^m
®
-er/s -aVz
-3^/z
Birkbeck surname.-
-s -s
®
'by:d.sa:r),
'bs'-id.wai.tj'lir), -,wd:-
Birgit 'bsi.git, 'bia-
-'ai.nik -s -s
3iophysic|s ,bai.au'fiz.ikls -al-n oiopic 'bai.au. pik -ou- -s
®
-soir)
-'a:.la-
>iomedical,bai.au'med.i.k'l®-ou'>iometric .bai.aa'met.rik -ou'-
lionicbai'on.ik®
-ing -10 -ed -id .bird's nest 'soup
-s -s
birdsong
®
®
-d -d
® birdiime 'b3:d.laim ® birdseed ® bird's-eye(n, .bird's-eye 'view ® Birds Eye' ® 'by:dzbird's-nest 'b3:dz.nest ® birdlike 'bsid.laik
birthmark 'b3:9.ma:k
-es -IZ
® 'b^itj-
®
ing .center birthday'b3:9.dei,-di® 'b3^:9.dei -s-z birthday .cake; birthday .card; birthday .party; birthday .present; in one's birthday .suit 'by:0.ma:rk -s -s birthplacje 'b3:6.pleis
'ba^i.tja^
'bsitj.wud
'bs^i.stoil, -stail
'b3^:-
adj.) 'bsidz.ai
,-ou-
iologic ,bai.a'lDd3.ik
bipartisan
®
'ba^id-
-ies -iz
liolinguistics ,bai.au.lir)'gwis.tiks
'
'b3^:.t;a:l,
-ses -ziz
,bai.3c»'graef .ik
lographjy bai'og.ra.f
bioscope
®
'b3:.tJ"i.nAf
'bai.tja'
birdhoujse
bolink 'bnb.a.liok (® 'bai.bs- -s >bsled 'bob. sled 'ba:b- -s -z -ding-iQ -ded -id absleigh 'bob.slei 'ba:b- -s -z
'bod.i
bi'au.Jla, -Jil.a
Boethius
®
® 'bou® ® ® bou-
'bao.io
Boeotija
-an/s -an/z
>bo Dioulasso
boisterous
Boeing
Boer bau^^
-s -s
.bau.bau.dju'laes.au .bou.boo.dju'laes.ou
®
'bai.di.wyik
-s
,bDl.a'neiz
-'njei.zei
if Italian:
.bou.la'ni:z, -'nji:z I.
'-a-
-s -z
.bai.pa'tor), -paet'orj
'bai.pa.ta:!), -ta:r)
Bois bais, bwa: Boise 'boi.zi, 'boi.si
-'lou-
'bol.Ja.vik, -Ji-
'boul-, 'ba:l- -s -s
Bolshev|ist
'bol.Ja.vlist, -Ji-
61
— bolshie - boondogglje
®
®
® 'bouljoi,
-s -z
'bail- -ies-z
-ier-i.3''®-i.3^-iest-i.ist,-i.3St
Bolsover surname,
street in
London:
'bol.saavs'^®
'boul. sou. va^ in Derbyshire: 'baul.zau.va^; 'baul.sau-
® 'boul.zou.va^
®
-a^d
®
(B) bsult
boult -s
-s
-ing -ig
® 'boul.tid ® bolter houl bolt-hole 'bault.haul ® Bolton 'baul.t^n ® 'boul.tir)
-ed -id
,bolt 'upright
'boul.ta^ -s -z
(B) 'baul.ta"^
'boult.
-s -z
'boul-
Bolton-le-Sands,b3ul.t3n.l3'saendz, -li'-®,boul.t^n-
®
'boubolus 'bsu.bs Bolzano boU'zai.nau
-ig/z
bomb
'bom.baid
® 'ba:m.ba:rd bom'baid bombard ® ba:m'ba:rd -ing -s -z
-s -z
-ir)
-ed -id
-ment/s -msnt/s -s -z
-s -z
-si:n,
,--'-
-'l.i, -li
stress
shift, see
-s -z
-s -z
'bom.a''
-s -z
-s -s
'bAm.pss -diei
® 'baig.gou Bonham 'bon. am ® 'bai.nam Bonham-Carter .bon.am'kai.ta'' ® .bai.nam'kair.ta^ bonhomie 'bon.om.i, mi, ® .bai.na'mii, ® Boniface Bonifacio ® Bonington 'bon. tan ® 'bai.nig.tan bonk bogk ® baigk, baigk
-(e)s -z
'bongo ,drum
-mii,
'
,--'-
'bai.ni-
.bon.i'faej.i.au, -'faes-
,bou.ni'fa:.J"ou, '-Ji.ou ir).
-s -s
-ing -iQ -ed
-t
bonkbuster
®
'bair)k,bAst3^ -s -z
bonkers 'bog. kaz®'baig.ka^z, 'boig-
® .boin'mou
®
'bai.na^,
® bai'nair, boi® Bonner ® bonnjet -eted -eting ® ® Bonnett 'bon. ® ® Bonnie bonnjy 'bonl.i® 'bai.nli-ier -Last ® -^l.i
'bai.na^
'bai.nlit -ets -its
bain ® 'bon.tjaitj ® 'bain.tj3MtJ -ing bond ® baind bond 'bond .holder -ed bondage 'bon.dids ® 'bain-s -z
-ily
'bau.nau, 'bon.
bonsai
au®
'bon.sai
®
Bonsor 'bDn^sa^ -ir)
Bondi in Australia: 'bon.dai® 'bain,Bondi 'Beach 'bon.di
'bain-
bondmaid 'bond.meid® 'baind- -s -z
-za^
bonus
'bau.nas
'bui.bu: -s -z
'bui.bli -ies -iz
'booby
-yish
booby
.prize;
-za""
®
® 'bou-
bon(s) vivant{s)
® bon(s) viveur(s) ® bon voyage ® .bain.vwai'-,
'bou.nou,
'bainf.sa^,
-es -iz
.boi^.vi.'vd:/?
,bain.vi:'vaint, ,b5:,b5i/?.vi'v3:f
,bain.vii'v3^i
.boi/j.vai'ais, -vwai'-voi'-
-i.ij"
.trap
boodle (B) 'bui.d^l booger 'buI.ga^ 'bug.a"^
® 'bug.a^
'bui.ga^-s -z
boogey|man
'bug.il. maen, 'bui.gi-
-men -men boog|ie 'bui.gli®
'bugl.i, 'bui.gli
-ies -iz -ieing -i.ig -ied -id
boogie-woogie
.bui.gi'wui.gi,
'bui.gi.wui-, .bug.i'wug.i
boohoo .bui'hu: -s -z -ing -ig -ed book buk -s -s -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -a' -(
®-3^/z book .club; book .token; .bring someone to book; in
bookable
'buk.a.b^l
bookbindjer -ers -az
®
bookcasje
'buk.bain.dla"^
®
-dia
-ing -ig
-a^z
'buk.keis -es -iz
bookend 'buk. end -s -z Booker bookie
®
'buk.a"^
-a^
buk. am
Bookham
'buk.i-s-z
book ng buk i
'
bookish 'buk bookkeepjer .
-ers -az
®
bookland
i
.
i
g -s -z 'booking
offi(
.
J -ly -li -ness -nas -ni ,
'buk.kii.pla^
-a^z
®
-pla^
-ing -ig
'buk.laend
® bookmakjer 'buk.mei.kla"^ ® -ing -ers -az ®
-,l3'
-kla^
-a^z
-ig
'bukl.man, -maen -men -man, -men bookmark 'buk.maik -mairk -s -a^/z -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -aVz
bookmobile -mou-
® ® -ma
'buk.mao.biil
-s -z
bookplate
'buk.pleit -s -s
booksell|er'buk, sell. a'^®-a^ -ers-; ®-a^z-ing-ig 'buk.Jellf -ves -vz
bookshel|f
bookshop
'buk.Jop
bookstall
'buk. stall
-i.li,
.bain'sai, ,boun-
-s -z
-id
Bondi mathematician:
'bai.nit
'bai.ni
'bai-
-s -z
(B)
-i.tid
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
Bono
boobjy
®
Bonn bon® bain Bonnard bon'oi""
-i.3^-iest -i.ist,
-ist/s -ist/s
'bbn.za"^ -s -z
book|man
bon(s) mot(s) ,b5:m'mau
-i.tig
.
book-learning 'buk, hi. nig booklet 'buk.lat, -lit -s -s
book.bAs.taf
'bon.a""
,
.
-es -iz
someone's good/bad .books, in someone's ,good/,bad 'books
-s -z
-i.a"^
'bsu.na.pait
'bon.bDn, 'bom-
'bain.
'bain.faia^ -s -z
boig
it
Bonchurch
62
bong bog bair), bongo 'borj.gau
'bon.i
'bou-
®
-s -z
-i.tid
-s -z
'bon.^^ 'bau.na"^
bonbon
Jei.ka"^
-i.tir)
-es -i:z, -eiz
® 'bou.ns.pairt
Bonar
set. 3^ -s -z
'bonl.it
bon bo:/;® b5:n bona fid|e .bau.na'fai.dli, bonanza ba'naen.za
-s -z
'baun.set.a"^
'bon.i.feis, -faes
.bDm.ba'dia'^
® .baim.ba'dir bombardon 'bom.ba.d^n; bom'ba:® 'baim.ba^-; ba:m'ba:rbombasine 'bom.bs.ziin, ® ,ba:m.b3'zi:n bombast 'bom.baest ® 'ba:mbombasticbom'baes.tik ® ba:m-aUy Bombay ,bDm'bei ® ,ba:mcompound: .Bombay 'duck bombe bom, bomb ® ba:m ® 'bai.ma^ bomber bombshell 'bom.Jel ® 'ba:mbombsite 'bom.sait ® 'ba:m-
Bonapart|e
bone-dry 'desert
-a.
(v.)
® ibou.na'-
bone .meal; bone .marrow; .chilled to the bone; have a bone to pick with .someone; .make no bones about something ,boun- stress bone-dry ,baun'drai
® bonehead 'baun.hed ® 'bounbonesetter ® 'boon, bone-shaker 'baun ® 'boon Jei.ka^ Bo'ness bau'nes ® bou-
I
boo-boo -ir)
-las,
-dt-lz
.
® bainz ® 'bain.za^
-ing - ig-ed-d-er/s-aVz ®-3^/z .couldn'tsay .bootoa goos boob buib -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d
-lis
®
-s -z
Bompas
-es -z
(B)
,
,
.
bonz|e bonz
boo bu
'Bonfire .Night
-ed -d ,bomb dis posal ,unit, di,sposal ,unit
bombardier
® 'baindz- -women -.wim.in bondjwoman 'bDndl.wum.sn ® 'baind- -women -.wim.in -ing baun ® boun bon|e -eless -er/s -aVz ® -ed
shift:
bon|y'bau.nli®'bou--ier-i.a''®-i.; -iest -i ist -i ast -iness -i nas -i nis
bonzer
'bondzl.wum.an
bonfire 'bon-faia"^®
-es -iz
® boult 'sai.nou, boul'za:-ing/s bomb bom ® ba:m bombard (n.)
bondsjwoman
-d
'boul.stla^ -ers
bolst|er 'baul.st la"" -3z (© -a^z -ering -^r.ir) -ered -ad
® bolt ®
'bondl.man
-men -man, -men -men -man, -men
boul'J^i
'bail-;
bolshjy 'boljli® 'boul-,
® 'baindbondsjman 'bondzl.man ® 'baindz-
bondjman
-ism -i.z^m
'boul-, 'ba:l-
'boul-, 'bailbolshie 'bolji Boishoi, Bolshoy borjoi, '--
® -Jaip ®
-s -s
-stoil, -sta:
-s -z
bookstand 'buk.staend -s -z -stair -s bookstore 'buk-stDi""
bookwork
'buk.waik
® ® -wa^ik
-2
bookworm 'buk. W3:m®-w3>^im-s Boolean
'bui.li.an -s -z
boom buim -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d boom ,box boomerang
® -ma.raeg
boomlet
'bui.m'r.aeg -ing -ig -ed -d
-s -z
'buim.lat,
-lit
-s -s
boon bum -s -z boondock 'buin.dok ® -daik boondogglje 'bum, dog. ^1
-s -s
,
Boon(e) - bottle-wash|er )
-,da:.g^l, -.do:- -es -z -ing
ig
®
®
-ir),
-ed
-,da:.g='l.ir), -,do:-,
-er/s-37z, ,-l3Vz-/z, io:-, .-gJa^/z
bum
mies
'bui.niz
*r
st burst -s -s -ing
>ster 'bui-sta"^
®
-ed -id
-ir)
-st3^ -s -z
>t(B)bu:t-s-s-ing-io®'bu:.tir)
d-id®'bu:.tid'boot, sale;, put the oot in; too ,big for one's boots >tblack 'buit.blaek -s -s ,bu:'ti:; 'bu:.ti
®
'bui.ti -s -z
® bou'ou-
>tes b3u'9u.ti:z
)th (B) bu:d, bu:e -s -z,
-s
'bu:d.bi
® bo:r
.bor.i'ai.lis, ,bo:.ri'-, -'ei-
'buiG.rDid, 'bu:d-
>tjack 'buit.dsaek -s
>tleg 'bu:t.leg-s-z-ging-ir)-ged-d
>tlegger
'buitileg-s"^
)tless 'buit.bs,
-lis
®
-ly
-a^ -s -z
-li
-ness
)ts (sing.) hotel servant: bu:ts
buits, 'buit.siz
)ts''
buits
>tstrap 'buit.straep
-s -s
-ping
-ig
-t
>ty 'bui.ti®
>tylicious
land®
born bo:n born-again
bo:'lDt.i
®
®
.bui.ti'lij.as
-ti-
®
®
®
'bor.a.deil
3bDp®ba:p-s-s-ping-ig-ped-t
borstal
»y-i
borstch
®
-i.a^
-iest
® ,bou-
)Dp.u:.taet'swa:.n3, ,bou.pu:-,
® ,bou.pu:.ta:t'swa:-,
-tat'-
racic ba'raes.ik, bor'aesD ba'raes-, bo:-
rage 'bor.ids, 'bAr-®
'boir-
rate 'boi.reit, -nt, -rat D 'boir.eit,
D ,bo:rrd bold
,bD:.ba'rig.mas
® boird
® boir'dou ® bo:r'del.ou s-z rden dan ® 'boird^n rdler -ers -az ® -ering -ered -ad -erer/s -^r.a7z ® rdeaux boi'dau
rdello bo:'del.au 'bo:.
'boLdla""
iD
-a^z
iD
-a^d
rderland
'boir.dla^
-^r.ig
-3>-.a^/z
'boi.d^l.aend
^ 'boir.da^.laend
-s -z
rderline 'boi.dn.ain
® ®
(B) 'bo:.st3l
®
®
-a^/z
'bair-
,
'
®
-is|e 'bot.^n.aiz
'ba:.t'n- -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d
botch botj
®
ba:tj' -es -iz
-tng -ig
® botch-up 'botJ.Ap ® both baue ® bouG Botha 'bau.ta ® 'bou.ta Botham 'bau.Gam, am ® 'bou. Gam, dam both|er .dla^-ers-az .a""® -ered -ad ® ® -ering botheration ® -ed
-t
-er/s -aVz
-a^/z
'ba:tj"- -s -s
'bod.
'bodl
'ba:
-a^z
-
-a^d
^r ig .
.bod.^r'ei.J^n
'bo:r- -s -z
bo:J, boistj", bo:;t J
® bo:rJt
® ®
'ba:.skaes.^l
bos'kau.an; -in; bai'skou.an; 'ba:.skwin
® Bosch boX ® baij bosh boj ® ba:X
-'ko:-;
'bos.kwm
Bosham
i
'bo:.
Boscawen
-it, -at -s -s
rax 'boi.raeks® 'bair.aeks
rborygmus
®
borzoi 'boi.zoi, -''bo:r- -s -z Bosanquet'bau.z^n.ket,-kit®'bouboscagje 'bos. kids 'ba:s- -es -iz Boscastle 'bDs.ka:.s3l, -kaes.^1
®
botanic ba'taen.ik,bDt 'aen-®ba'taen-li bo, tanic garden -al - ^1 -ally - ^1 botanist 'bot.^n.ist 'bai.t^n- -s -s
botany'bDt.^n.i®'ba:.t'n-, Botany 'Bay
Borthwick 'bo:0.wik® 'bo:rGBorwick 'bor.ik® 'bo:r.wik
ahuthatswana
-s -z
®
'bair.ou.wa:]", -wo:J
®
-s -s
® ba:'stou-, bo:'ba:.strid3 bosun 'bau.s^n ® 'bouBoswell 'boz.wal, -wel ® Bosworth 'boz.waG, -W3:9 -W3^:0 ® botaniz|e,
'bor.au. wdJ
.ist, -i.ast -ily -i.li, -^l.i
.bau'piip
®
borough 'bAr. a 'b3^:.ou, -a -s -z borrow (B) 'bor.au 'ba:r.ou -s -z Borrowash
'ba:.stik
®
Bostock 'bos.tok 'ba:.sta:k Boston 'bos.t^n® 'ba:.st^n, 'bo:Bostonian bos'tau.ni.an
.
Bors bo:s bo:rs borsch bo:/ bo:rJ' borscht bo:J't bo:rJ"t
3z|y 'bui.zli -ier -i.s^
'bos.tik®
Bostik'"^
'ba:z.wa>-9,
borne (from bear) bo:n bo:rn Borneo 'bo:.ni.au 'bo:r.ni.ou Borodin 'bor.a.din 'bo:rboron 'bo:.rDn® 'bo:r.a:n
®
-i.ist, -i.ast -ily -i.li,
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
'ba:z-
bo:r'la:.ti
,bo:rn.a'gen stress shift, see compound: ,born-again Christian
Borrowdale
t/s -sVz -a^/z 3ze-up 'buiz.Ap
-^l.i
'bai.swei
'ba:.sli-ier-i.a'^
Bostridge 'bos.trids®
,bo:n.a'gen, -'gem
®
'ba:s.aid
-s -z
-ing/s -ig/z -ed -d -er/s -aVz
-ti
>2|e bu:z -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d
9t'-
'bo:r.ik
'bo:r-
® ®
-nis
^ -s -z Borg bo:g bo:rg Borges 'bo:.ges, -xes 'bo:r.hes Borgia 'bo:.d3i.a, -dsa® 'bo:r.d3a
Borland
®
®
stress shift: boss-eyed 'cat
®
)tie 'bu:.ti®-ti -s -z
'ba:s.fa^-, 'ba:.sp3^-
Bosporus 'bos.p^r.as boss (B) bos ba:s -es
boss-eyed .bos'aid®
'boir.i-
boredom 'bo:. dam ® 'bo:rBoreham 'bo:. ram ® 'bo:r.am Borehamwood ,bo:.ram'wud
®
-i
® ,ba:.sa'nou-
,
>throyd
-s -z -y
'bos.f^r.as, -p^r-
bossa nova
'bor.i.aes, 'boi.ri-, -as
boric 'bo:.rik, 'bor.ik boric 'acid Boris 'bor.is 'bo:r-
)the bu:d
ted
®
,bo:r.i'ael.is, -'ei.lis
Boreas
»sey 'bu:.zi
i3s,
® ®
bo:"^
'buz.^m
Bosphorus
'boi.djya""® 'boir.dja^,
bore (from bear)
iess-n3s,-nis
>thby
bosom
'bo:r-
-dsa^ -s -z
>rish 'boi.rij,
>tee
-ga'-
'boir.da^z
bor|ebo:'^®bo:r-es-z-ing-ig-ed-d
b^:^bu^®bur -s -z
>rd bold
Bordon 'boi.d^n® bordure
>n(e)
® ,ba:z.ni.a,hert.sa.gou'vi:.na,
'boir.da^.lain -s -z
Borders 'boi.daz®
'boz.am, 'bos-
,ba:.da'rei-
bothersome 'bod.a.s^m®
'ba:.da^-
Bothnia 'boG.ni.a® 'ba:GBothwell 'boG.w^l, 'bod-, -wel
®
'ba:G-, 'ba:d-
® Botolph ® Botox* 'bau.toks ® 'bou.ta:ks botrytis ® bou'trai.tas both|y
'boGl.i,
bod-
'ba:.GIi, -dli
-ies -iz
'bot.Dlf, -^If
'ba:.ta:lf
bot'rai.tis
Botswana bDt'swa:.na® ba:tBotticelli .bot.i'tjel.i® ,ba:.ta'--s-z
bottlje 'bot ^1® 'ba: .PI -es-z -ing-ig '-lig® 'ba:.Pl.ig,'ba:t.lig-ed-d -er/s-aVz, '-laVz® 'ba:.t'l.a^/z, .
®
'ba:.zam,
-sam
'bait .la^/z 'bottle
Note: A new pronunciation /'boj.am/ is also heard.
Bosher 'bau.Ja"^® 'bou.Ja^ bosky 'bos.ki® 'ba:.ski
®
bos'n, bo's'n 'bau.s^n 'boo- -s -z Bosni|a 'boz.nil .a® 'ba:z- -an/s-an/z
Bosnia-Herzegovina ,bDz.m.a,h3:t.sa'gDv.i.na; -gau'vi:-
bottle-green
®
,bank
,bDt.^rgri:n
,ba:.t^r- stress shift: ,bottle-green
'jacket
bottleneck 'bot.^l.nek®
'ba:.t'l-
-s -s
bottle-nos|e 'bot.^l.nauz
® 'ba:.t^l.nouz
bottle-washjer
-es -iz -ed -d 'bot.'l.woj.a'^
63
s
,
bravado - bricklayjer bravado
® -dou
bra'vai.dau
bravje breiv -er -3st -ely
-es -z -ing
-li
Braveheart braverjy
-(e)s -z
-s^ (yD -a^ -est -ist,
-ed -d
-ir)
Bravington 'braev.ig.tsn 'brai.vou, bravo brai'vsu, '--
®
®
-'-
Bremner
-.wai.ta^, -,woi- -s -z
®
bream (B) briim briim, Breamore 'brem.af ® -a^
'breiv.ha:t -d
.brent 'guis -geese -gi
'bren.tan
Brentwood
Bretwalda
briidd
®
breadwinner 'bred, win. a'^®-a^-s-z '
'breathing ,room; breathing .space; .breathe .down someone's 'neck
Bredon 'bred9-
-wise -waiz
®
-ed -d
-in-
breadboard 'bred.boid®-boird-s-z breadbox 'bred.bDks®-baiks-es-iz breadcrumb 'bred.krAm -s -z breadfruit 'bred. fruit breadline 'bred. lain
-ir)
-nas, -nis
'braez.a.vil, 'brai.za-
Breadalbane
-es -z -ing
®
Bra'zil ,nut
Brazilian
breathje briid
-ddr- -s -z breather 'brii.da"^ breathiness 'breG.i.nas, -nis breathless 'breG.las, -lis -ly -li -ness
Brazil country: brs'zil English
surname:
-3^/z
breathed phonetic term: breBt,
-33^
Brenner 'bren.a"^® -a^ Brent brent Brentford 'brent. fad
Brescia
-a.laiz -es -iz -ed -d -ing -ig -er/s
®
'bren. dan
'bren. an
Brenton
-W3>^ik
breath bre0-s-s breath ,test; ,take someone's breathaway; .waste
-aVz
«|
'bren.d^l
Brendon Brennan
brent|-goose
-s -s
®
,
®
®
'brest. W3ik
Brendel
I
'bren. dan
®
'brii.st^n
breathalyz|e, -ys|e 'breG.^l.aiz
-d
.
brazier 'breI.zi.9^ Brazier 'brei. 33"^
-ir)
one's breath
brazje breiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d brazen 'brei z^n -ly -li -ness -nas -ni
brazen-faced
Breaston
® -strouk
-iest -i.ist, -i.ast
-i.a^
'bresf.fiid -s -z -ing
breast-fed 'bresi.fed
breastwork
Braxton 'braek.st^n bray (B) brei -s -z -ing -ir) -ed Braybrooke 'brei.bruk Brayiey 'brei.li
shift:
-s -z
-na^
Bren bren Brenda 'bren. da
'brei.ma.hai.v^n
.field
brickbat
'brik.baet -s -s
brickie 'brik.i -s -z brick-kiln 'bnk. kiln, -kil -s -z Note: The pronunciation /-kil/ is usee chiefly by those concerned with th(
j,
working of kilns, bricklayjer 'brik,leil.af®-a^-ers-az'
.
brickmakjer - Broadstairs
Brighouse
)-3^z-ing-ir)
®
:kmak|er 'brik.meil.ka'' rs-9Z®-3^z -ing-ir)
ckwork 'brik.w3:k colage )
-ka^
'—
,brik.30.'la:3,
ial 'brai.d^'l -s -z
degroom
'braid. grum,
-ly
-gruim
rides-to-be ,braidz.t3'bii
dewell
-tu:'-
®
-tu:'-
'braid. wel, -wal
Brigstock(e) 'brig.stok brillianjce -cy -si
'brids.hed -s -z
dgend ,brid3'end, 'dgenorth 'brid3.nD:0, )
'brid3.nD:r6,
-'-
-'-
dgeport 'brid3.po:t -a^ iger 'brid3.3'" iges 'brid3.iz Jget 'br1d3.1t
®
®
-poirt
brilliant 'bril.i.ant -li -ness -nas, -nis
®
)
'brid3,WD:.t3'^
-ing -irj, -ed -d bridle ,path
dleway
'brai.d^l.wei -s -z 'brid.lig.tsn
'brid.pD:t
B (B) bri:
ef briif -s -s -er St -ly
® ©
-a""
-est -ist
Bfless 'bri:.fbs, er brats'^
®
-az
-flis
erfield 'braia.fiild® 'braia^-
erley
'brais.li, 'bris-
®
'braia^-,
inr-
ers braisz
g brig
gade
gadier,brig.9'di3f®-'dir-s-z ressshift, see compound: brigadier ,
leneral
gantine 'brig.^n.tiin, ges 'brids.iz
gg brig
gham
-s -z
'brig.
am
-tain -s -z
®
.broadbrimmed
broadcast
®
® -kou ® -a^
,
-ast
'hat
'braid. kaist
'braid. kaest, 'braid- -s -s -ing -ig
®
-a^/z
'braid. kloG
'braid. klai9, 'braid-
broaden 'brai.d^n® -s -z
'brai-, 'brai-
-ing-ig-ed -d
broad-gauge
-est -ist
-ness -nas, -nis
® Broadhurst ®
'braid. geid3
'braid-, 'broid'braid. haist
'braid. h3^ist, 'braid-
'bris.kit -s -s
Broadlands''braid.landz
bristlfe 'bris.^1 -es -z -ing -ig, 'bris.lig -ed -d 'brisl.li
'bris.tau
®
.braid'brimd
,braid-, .braid- stress shift:
broadcloth
-s -s
-liness
broadloom
'braid.
broad-minded
®
luim®
'braid-,
.braid'main.did -ness -nas,
.braid-, .braid-,
-nis stress shift, British only:
-s
.broad-minded 'person
Brit, (abbrev.for Britain) brit;
Broadmoor 'braid. mai"^
®
Brit, {abbrev.for British) brit;
'braid. mur, 'braid-, -mair
broadsheet
'brit.ij"® brit; 'brit.ij
'braid. Jiit
®
'braid-,
'braid- -s -s
Britain 'brit.^n
britches 'bntj.iz, -az
'braid-,
'braid-
® -too
Britannia bri'taen.i.a, '-ja Britannic bri'taen.ik -a -a
®
'braid-
'brit.'n
gadoon ,brig.3'du:n gand 'brig.'nd -s -z -age -id3
-li
'braid-
-er/s -aVz
Brisbane 'briz.ban -ban, -bein Note: /'briz.ban/ is the pronunciation in Australia.
Brit brit -s
-iz
'braid-,
'braia.ni
Bristow(e)
broutj"
-t
broadbrimmed
Bristol bris.t'l
-s -z
-s -z
'broid-
-^l.i.nas, 'brisl.li-, -nis
bri'geid, bra- -s -z
®
-s -z
®
brist|ly 'brisk ^l.i,
® braia^z
'bsi.nau as if Czech: 'ba^-
-nis
®
®
-li
'brik.s^m
'braid-,
'
brisket
-3>-
-a"^
-lain Bri-Nylon .brai'nai. Ion -ou brio 'brii.au -'ouj", -'a:/ briochje bri'oj, -'au/
-ly
braia^ -s -z
®
'brik.st^n
-a^ -est -ist, -ast -ly
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
-a"^
-a-"
'b3>^:.nou
-IT}
'brinz.li
brisk brisk -er
'brit- -er
-ing -es ® -ed broad braid ® braid, braid -er -ness -nas, ® .broad bean Broad braid ® braid, braid broadband 'broid.baend ® Broadbent 'braid.bent ®
.brigks'maet
Briscoe 'bris.kau
'briif .keis -es -iz,
®
brou bro brau broach brautj
®
-3^
-t
efcasje
®
-a^/z
briquet(te) bri'ket
-ness -nas, -nis -ing/s
-li
q/z -ed
Brno
'brai.nii -ier -i.a"^® -i.a^ -iest
Briony
-poirt
'1
Brize Norton .braiz'na:. t^n®-'no:r-
-zi
-es -IZ
bri'duin -s -z
dport
Brixton
-i.ist, -i.ast
raid.lir)
.
Britvic® 'brit.vik
® -stoun
(B) brirjk -s -s
brinjy
i\\e 'brai.d^l -es -z
doon
®
Brindisi 'brin.di.si, -da-,
Brinsley
die (B) 'brai.di -s -z
'brit.'n
Brixham
Brinks-Mat"
'brit.'n;
-est -1st, -ast -eness -nas, -nis
'brim.staon
®
®
Brittany 'brit.'n.i Britten 'brit.^n brittlje 'brit
brinkmanship 'brigk.man.Jip brinksmanship 'brig/cs.man./ip
)-,wa:.ta^, -,wo:-
dlington
'-jan-
Brittan
brimstone
brink
'brid3.n3:r9,
dgwater
®
'bril.i.an.tiin
brinjal 'brin.d3'l
'brids.noiG,
'brit.lig
Brittney 'brit.ni Britton 'brit.'n
'brig.aVz
'brid3.w3:k
Britling
-ou,Brillopad" 'bril.au,paed brim brim -s -z -ming -iq -med -d brimful brim'ful, '-
®
)-W3>^:k
Jgnorth
'-jant -s -s -ly
brindle (B) 'brin.d^l -s -z -d -d brine brain bring brir) -s -z -ing -ir) brought brait, brait bringer/s brait
-,wa:.ta^, -,wd:-
dgework
,brit-
Brittain 'brit.^n; bri'tem bri'tem
'-janils
Brind brind
igetown 'brid3.taun dgewater 'brid3,w3:.t3'^ )
®
'bril. i. anils
Brillo" 'bril.au® -ou
'brid3.m3n
,
®
Britt brit
dgeable
dgeman
British Leyland' brit. ij'lei. land
®
® -staik
brill (B) bril -s -z
brilliantine -d-d
dgehead
'brit- -s -z
Britney 'brit.ni Britomart 'brit .ao.mait ®-ou.ma:rt Briton 'brit.^n -s -z -pa:p Britpop 'brit. pop
Jg|e (B) brid3 -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d urn one's bridges 'brids.a.b^l
®
'brit-
Brigid 'brid3.id Brignell 'brig.nal
-men
®
'brit.ij"
Britishism 'brit. I. Ji.z^m® 'brit- -s-z
Brigit 'br1d3.1t
,
'brai.tist, -tsst
®
-er/s -aVz -a^/z .British English; .British Summer .Time .British 'Isles;
British
brighten 'brai t ^n -s -z -ing-ir) -ed-d Brightlingsea 'brait.lig.si: Brighton 'brai.t^n brights brails
deshead 'braidz.hed desmaid 'braidz.meid -s -z deslman 'braidzl.man -men Je-to-be braid. ta'bi: (©
'brai.ta^^
-ness -nas, -nis
-li
)-gru:m, -grom -s -z
isn,
®
.
,bri:.kou'la:3, .brik.oo'-
ie braid
®
-est -ist, -9st
® -W3^:k
Briticism 'brit.i.si.z^m
'brig.haus
(B) brait -er -3^
bright
®
broadside '-ja
'braid. said® 'braid-,
'braid- -s -z
Broadstairs
®
'braid. steaz
'braid. sterz, 'braid-
67
J
.
broadsword - Broxburn broadsword (®
bromine 'brau.miin, -mm® 'brou'braimBrbmley 'brom.li, 'brAmBrompton 'bromp.tan, 'brAmp-
'broid.sDid
®
'braid. soird, 'broid- -s -z
Broadwater
'brDid.woi.ts''
-,wo:-
(yD 'braid, wai.ta^,
Broadway
'brDid.wei (® 'braid-,
'brDid-
Broadwood 'brDid.wud®
'braid-,
'broid- -s -z
'brob.dirj.nseg
'braib-
Brobdingnagian
-ja^d
(brDb.dig'naeg.i.an
^-
® by:.ou irgh b3:g ® h\T.3 ® irgh 'bAr.3
b3^:g, 'b3:.r3,
-s -z
b3^:g in Suffolk: hsig;
Baron,
b3^:g; 'b3^:.ou
ieath in Surrey, place in Ancolnshire: 'bAr.a 'b3^:.ou 3urgh- by- Sands: hrxf
-es -IZ
burnt offering Burntisland, b3:nt'ai. land®, by:nt-
®
,
burnt-out
irghclere 'b3:.kle3''® 'ba^i.kler irgher 'b3:.g3f 'ba^i.ga^ -s -z
® irghersh 'bai.gaj® irghley ® irglar ®
-a^/z
-t
'b3:n.li
irgess (B) 'b3:.d33s, -dsis, -d^es 35)
® Burnham-on-Sea ,b3:.n3m.Dn'si: ® ,ba^:.n3m.a:n'-ing burnish 'b3:.nij® -er/s -aVz ® -ed Burnley ® 'by:nburnous, burnous|e ba:'nu:s ® burnout 'b3:n.aut ® 'by:nBurns b3:nz ® by:nz Burnside 'b3:n.said ® 'by:nburnt (from burn) b3:nt ® by:nt -ig
.bsint'aut
® ,by:nt-
burp ba:p by:p -s -s -ing -ig burqa 'ba:.k3 'by:- -s -z
-ed
-t
ies -iz irial'ber.i.sl-s-z' burial
bursarship 'b3:.s3.J'ip®
'bs^:-
'bsi.gb"^
'b3^:.gl3^ -s -z
-s -z
irglarizje 'bai.gl^r.aiz
© 'b3>^: .gb.raiz -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d
®
irglar|y 'b3:.gFrl.i
®
irgl|e 'b3:.g^l If),
'-glig
'ba^:- -ies -iz
-ing
-s -z
-ed -d
irgomaster
'b3:.g3a,ma:.st9'^
-s -z
® 'b3^:.g3,maes.ta^ -s -z
® 'bur.gais ® ba^i'goin, 'b3:.g3n.dli ®
irgos 'bus.gos
irgoyne irgundjy
'b3:.g3in,
(B)
-'-
'bs^:-
,
ground;
'bur. in, b^^i- -s -z
'by:.sa^, -sa:r -s -z
-es -s -ing
ed-t
irkina Faso bai.kii.na'faes.au ®bur,ki:.n3'fa:.sou Jrlap 'bai.laep® 'bs^:-
®
'b3>^:-
Jrlesqu|e b3:'lesk ing -If) -ed -t
®
bursarjy
b3-:- -es -s
-ir)
'by:.s3^-,
® 'by:-
® |by:.skou'-
-ies -iz
,b3:.sk3u'brid3
®
Bursledon 'b3:.z3l.d^n 'by:Burslem 'b3:z.bm 'by:z-
® ®
Bushire
bju:'J'ai3f, bu:-, -'Jis"^
®
®
burst b3:st by:st Burtb3:t by:t
-s -s
bush-league
bushjman
'buj".li:g -s -z
(B) 'bujl.msn
-men -man,
-n^l, -nel
'buj.rein.dss''
®
-dsa^
-s -z
bushwhack
'buj./iwaek -s -s -ing -ig
-ed-t
bushwhacker
'buj./zwaek.a'^
®
-a^
-s -z
bushjy
(B) 'bujl
.i
®
-ier -i.a^
-iest -i.ist, -i.ast -ily
-i.a^
-i.li, -^l.i
-iness -i.nss, -i.nis
business 'biz.nis, -nss -es -iz ,niind one's ,own 'business businesslike 'biz.nis.laik, -nas-
business|man 'biz. nisi. maen, -man -men -men, -man business|person -people
-nas,-
-nss-,
'biz. nisi, p3:.s'n,
-,pi:.p^l
,biz.nis.ta.kan'sju:.ma'', -'su:-
® -'su:.ma^
buslness|woman 'biz. nisi, wum.an, -nas,- -women -,wim.in busk (B) bAsk -s -s -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -aVz
buskin
®
-s -z
ba- -an/s -sn/z
-a^/z
'bAs.kin -s -z -ed -d
bus|man
'bAsl.man, -maen -men -man, -men .busman's holiday
Busoni
bu:'zau.ni, bju:-, -'sau-
® bu'zou.ni, bju:-
buss (B) bAS -es -iz -ing -ig -ed bust bASt -s -s -ing -ig -ed -id bustard 'bAs.tad -ta^d -s -z -ta- -s -z buster (B) 'bAs.ta"^
-t
® ®
®
'bAS. ti.a^ 'bus-, 'bu:.sti-
'bu:.sti.ei, 'bus.tjei -s -z
bustlje 'bAS.^1 -es -ed -d
bust-up 'bASt.Ap bustjy
bus|y
-s -s
-i.a"^
®
-I.li, -^l.i
busybod|y
®
-i.a^
-iest
-iness -i.nas, -i.nis
'bizl.i -ies -iz
-id -ier -ily
-z -ing -ig, 'bAS.lig
'bAS.tIi -ier -i.a^
-i.ist, -i.ast
-ing -ig
® 'by:® 'by:-
burthen 'b3:.d3n burton (B) 'ba:.t^n Burundi bu'run.di,
'buj.^l, bu'Jel
bu:'Jir
bustier
'b3:.s^rl.i
Burscough Bridge
b3>^:k-s -s
irk|e (B)
'bsi.li
,by:.i'pD:rt
,bAr.i'pD:t
'b3:.s3
-sa:r- -s -s
® bsik® b3:k ® b3^:k
irin 'bjua.rin
jrleigh
-ig
'b3:.s3'"
burial .place irk
'bAr.'l, 'b3:r-
b3'ri:.t3u, bur'i:-
'ba^:- -es -z
'buj.i
business-to-consumer
® burr (B)b3:f ® by: Burrell Burridge 'bAr.ids ® 'by:burrito ® ba'rii.tou Burrough(e)s 'bAr.auz ® 'by:.ouz burrow 'bAr.su ® 'by:.ou -ing -ed -d Burrows 'bAr.auz ® 'by:.ouz Burry Port ® Bursa ® bur'sa:, by:bursar ®
'b3:.li
®
'buj.^l
Bushey
,biz.nis.ta'biz.nis
'by:nt-
®
'b3^:.g3^J'
'buj.^l -s -z
business-to-business
stress shift: ,burnt-out 'case
Burntwood 'b3:nt.wud®
-s -z
Bushell
®
'by:- -es -iz
-ed -d
® -ba:r
'bAz.bli -ies -iz
bushranger
,b3>^:.n9m.a:n'-
'b3^:- -s -z
ing
'ba^:-
,ba:.n3m.Dn'krautJ
b3>^:d3 -es -iz -'-
®
'b3:.n3m
-t
'bAS.boi -s -z
-men Bushmills 'buJTmilz Bushnell 'buj.n^l
'ba^:-
Burnham-on-Crouch
irgar 'bsi.ga"^® 'ba^i.ga^
irgee 'bsi.dsi:,
®
'bjua.ri,
(B)
bushel
ba^-
ba^'net; 'by:. nit
Burnham
®
®
surname:
'ber.i
buj -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -t 'bush ,baby; ,beat about the bush
'bs^:-
®
'b3:.ni
busbjy
bush
bs-
-i.ig
'bur.i, 'ber-
'bAS.ba:"^
busboy
ba^int
®
-ying
-(s)es -iz -(s)ing -ig -(s)ed
busbar
-ed -d
-it)
-wd:J"
-ies -iz
.i
'bus conductor; bus ,stop
burner 'b3:.n3f®'b3^:.n3^-s-z, put something on a/the ,back burner 'ba^:- -s -s burnet (B) 'b3:.nit Burnett bsr'net, ba-; 'bai.nit
Burney
s -s
irg|e baids
-ing
-s -z
®
bus bAS
®
® by:n ®
burnt b3:nt
®
-ouz
bjua'ret
irford 'bai.fad irg
Bury place:
-iness
'ber.i
®
ireaucratic .bjua.rao'kraet.ik,
rauz
-i.sst
(v.) 'berl
-ied -id
'b3-:- -ier -i.s'
Burnaby 'b3:.n3.bi Burnand b3:'naend, b3^:n Burne b3:n
® 'bjur.3- -s -s
'
bur|y
Burma 'bai.ma® 'b3^:Burmah 'b3:.m3 ® 'b3^:Burman 'b3:.m3n ® 'by:- -s -z b3M-, -'mi:s Burmese b3:'mi:z burn b3:n
ireaucracjy bjua'rok.ra.sli, )jo:'-® bju'rai.kra- -ies -iz
'b3:.wDj" locally also:
'bAr.sJ® 'by:.wa:/,
® 'b^:-
-i.nas, -i.nis
us)b3^:,det'-
bjo:-®
® ®
burljy (B) 'bsi.lli ®-i.3^-iest -i.ist,
jrdett-Coutts ,b3:.det'ku:ts,
Burwash
'b3^:Burley 'b3:.li 'by:Burling 'b3:.Iir) Burlington "bsi.lio.tan
-ying
-i.a^
-i.ig
-ied
-iest -i.ist, -i.ast
'busy .signal
'biz.i,bDdl.i
®
-,ba:.dli
-ies -iz
71
busyness - Byzantium
®
busyness 'biz.i.nss, -nis but strong form: h\i weak form: bat Note: Weak form word. The strong
®
form PokXI is used contrastively (e.g. ifs and buts) and in sentence-final position (e.g. "It's anything but"). The weak form is /bat/ (e.g. "It's good but expensive /its,gud.b3t.ik'speni.siv/).
butane 'bjui.tem (® butch (B) butj butch|er(B)
®
-ar^z
Jia"^
®
butler
®
-la^ -s
butlerjage 'bAt.Prl.1d3 -Y Butlin 'bAt.lm -s -z
butt
®
(B) bAt -s -s -ing -ig
-ed-id®
-ies -iz
'bAt.ir)
-3^z -ering -
®
-ered -ad -a^d 'butter ,bean; butter dish; butter ,kiiife; .butter wouldn't ,melt in .
ir)
,
his/her 'mouth butterball'bAt.a.b3:l®'bAt.3^.ba:l, -ba:l-s-z
® ® ®
buttercup 'bAt.a.kAp butterfat
'bAt.a.faet
Butterfield
'bAt.a.fiild
butterfingerjs
®
®
-aiz
bu:'tu:t
buttermilk 'bAt. a. milk® 'bAt.a^butternut 'bAt.a.nAt 'bAt.a^- -s butterscotch 'bAt.a.skotJ"
®
'bAt.a^.skoitJ"
'bAt.'r.ik, -a.wik
-s
®
bju'tir.ik
buxom
'bAk.sam -ness -nas, -nis
bju:-
-b: -s -z
-ou'-, -a'-
-an/s -^n/z
® baia-z Byfleet Byford fad ® bygone 'bai.gon ® -gain Bygraves 'bai.greivz bylaw 'bai.bi ® -bi
® ®
'bAZ.w3:d
® -W3^:d
-d
-paes -es -iz -ir
'bai.
-d
-IT)
-paelG -ths -d
® -iPrai.dakt Byrd bsid ® ba^id byre ® Byrne bain® ba-in byroad 'bai.raud ® -rood Byrom
-akt
baia^ -s -z
-s -z
weak
ba
The weak forms /bi,
by-and-by ,baI.^nd'baI,-^m-®-^nc^'Byard baiad baia^d Byars baiaz baia^z
® ®
Byas(s) baias baiat
-n.i,
'bai. ran
bai'ron.ik
®
-'rai.nik
-aU
-li
Bysshe bij bystander bystreet
'bai.staen.da"^
®
-da^ -s
'bai.striit -s -s
byte bait -s -s Bythesea 'bai9.si:
byway 'bai.wei -s -z byword 'bai.waid ® -W3^id -s -z Byzantlan
®
'-tpn
bai'zaen.ti.an, bi-, ba-,
bi'zaen.ti.an, ba-, bai-,
-'zxnt.pn
Byzantine -tiin;
bi'zaen.tain, bai-, ba-,
'biz.^n-®
Byzantium '-tpm
'bid-go/t as if Polish:
-s -z
'bai. ram
Byronic
Weak form word. The strong is /bai/.
-s -z
-nou ,bi:.wai'au®-'ou
Byron
'bwai.na occasional
-s -z
-s -z
® bypass pais ® -ed bypa|th 'bai.pailG ® BYO
baia""
Buzf UZ 'bAZ.fAZ buzz bAZ -es -iz, -az -ing -ii) -ed buzzard 'bAz.ad -a^d -s -z buzzer 'bAZ.a^ -zr- -s -z
Bydgoszcz
-fa-d
-s -s
®
hi,
'bai.fliit
byplay 'bai.plei by-product 'bai, prod. Akt,
buyable 'bai.a.b^l buyback 'bai.baek -s -s buyer 'bai.a^ -a^ -s -z buyout 'bai.aut -s -s
Byatt
-la:,
Byng big Bynoe 'bai.nau
butyric
/.tui.ba'Gri:/).
'bAt.a.mia"^
®
Byles bailz byline 'bai. lam
'bAt- -ies -iz
ba/ are rarely used, but can be found occasionally, particularly in measurements (e.g. "two by three"
'bAt.a^.li
72
butut
Note:
®
by-election 'bai.iilek.J^n, -a,--s-j Byelorussi|a .bjel.aa'rAjl.a, ,bel-,
-lai,
®
'bAt Li
form
® Buttermere ® 'bAt.a^.mir ®
-s
-ed -d
forms: 'bAt. 3^- -ies
'bai. bai -s -z
'bai.b:
'bai.
(B) 'bAt.ras, -ris -es -iz -ing
by normal form: bai
Butterick 'bAt.^r.ik® 'bAtButterleigh, Butterley 'bAt.^i.i
Butterwick
® -houl
'bAt.'n.huk -s
butt|y
bwana
-ed -d
'bAt.a.fllai
'bAt. ^n. haul
-es -z -ing -ig -ed -d
buzzword
'bAt.3^-
'bAt.a,fir).galz
'bAt.3^,fir).g3^lz
butterfl|y
'bAt.a^- -s -s
'bAt.a--
byelaw
Byers baiaz
® bait, bait
-s -z
,bai'bai, ba-,
bAb'ai; 'bai. bai, 'bAb.ai
-'rui.si-
,bAt.^nd'daun
,bAt-
Buxtehude ,buk.sta'hu:.da Buxton 'bAk.stan buy bai -s -z -ing -ig bought boit
butt|er'bAtl.a'"(®'bAtl.3^-ers-az (US)
,bAt.^n'daun stress shift: ,button-down 'collar
-ir)
'bAt.id
Butte bju:t butt-end 'bAt. end
'n -s -z -ing -ir) -ed -d
button-down
buttress
-z -i
.
bye (B) bai -s -z bye-bye goodbye: bye-bye sleep:
'bAt- -s -s
button (B) 'bAt
-Ja^,
,bu:.ta'lei.zi
(B) 'bAt.la"^
'bAt- -ies -iz
.i
.
buttonhook
-Jir
Buthelezi
'bAt ^1
buttonholfe
'but/.^rl.i -ies -iz -
® buttock 'bAt.ak ® butter|y
®
'butJ'l.3'^^:-
,si:.ei'ei
b kaeb
-s -z
.sii.ei'bi:
bal ka'bael, kaeb'ael
®
caboosje ka'buis
(C) ka'bai.la, kaeb'a:-
balism 'kasb.a.h.z^m balistic ,kaeb.9'lis.tik -al -^1 -ally n.i,
bana
®
ka'bai.na
baret
—
cacao
'kaeb.a.rei,
3) .kaeb.a'rei,
bbagje
'
s -z
(©
-oul -s -z
©
.kaeb.ri.a'lei -s -z
'kaeb. ids -es -iz
'cabbage
-la:t, -lou
(C) ks'bai.ls, kaeb'a:- -s -z
bbal|ism'kaeb.3.1li.z'm-ist/s-ist/s
bbalistic .kaeb.a'lis.tik -al
-'1
-ally
kaej"
cabbjy
bdriver
'kaebl.i -ies -iz
'kaebidrai.va"^
®
-va^ -s -z
cachepot
-pou
ibell'kaeb.^I 'kei.ba'^
tbernet
®
-ba^ -s -z
'-a-
-es -s
kaeb.3.nei.s3u.vi:'nj5:;7, -jon
bin 'kaeb. in -s -z cabin ,boy; cabin
-s -z
ka'siik -s -s
cack-handed,kaek'haen.did,'— -ly-li -ness-nas,-nis
cruiser; 'cabin fever ,
binet (C) 'kaeb.i.nat, -a-, -nit -s -s Cabinet .Minister, .Cabinet 'Min-
cackl|e'kaek.^l-es-z-ing-ig,'-lir)-ed
ister
cacodyl 'kaek.au.dail, (© 'kaek.ou.dll, '-a-
ibinetmakjer 'kaeb.I.n^t,meI.kl^^ nit-
®-k\dr- -ers -az
®
-a^z
-ing -ig
ibl|e(C)'kei.b^l-es-z-ing-ir),'-blir)
ed-d cable ,car; .cable television, cable tele 'vision
,
iblecast'kei.b^l.ka:st(uD-kaest -s-s
-d-er/s-a''/z,
'-laVz® '-^l.a^/z,
'-la^/z
®
Cadby
'kaed. ber. i,
'kaed.bi, 'kaeb-
'kaed.kaem
Caddick kaed.ik caddie 'kaed.i -s -z caddis 'kaed. is caddis .fly caddish 'kaed. ij-ly-li-ness-nas,-nis cadd|y 'kaedl .i -ies -iz -ying -i.ig -led -Id
cade
(C)
keid
-s -z
Cadell 'kaed.^1, ka'del cadenc|e 'kei.d^n^s -es
-dil
®
-'ou.acacoepy kaek'au. i. pi, -ep.i cacographic .kaek.ao'graef .ik (SD-ou'-, -a'- -al -^1
cacographykaek'og. ra.fi, ka'kog-
® ka'kar.gra-
-a^.ik
Caddellka'del
.kaek.i'nei.pn
cacique kaes'iik,
'kaed.b^r.i
CAD/CAM
cachou kaej'u:, ka'Ju:; 'kaej.u: cachucha ka'tjui.tja -s -z
yD -a^.nei,sou.vi:'njoun
®
-ba^-
-ed -id
cachinnation
Sauvignon
-ta^
-'dei-, -'daev.a"^
®-'daev.a^-s -z
Cadbury
-s -s, -z
-'- -s -z cachet 'kaej.ei cachinnat|e 'kaek.i.neit, -11)
ka'daes.ta"^
-nis
'kae/.pau, .kaej'pot
-,- Jir
Cambyses
®
Edinburgh: 'kail.t^n 'ka:l- in Glasgow: 'ka:l.t'n
in
'kael. trap,
America)
® kaemftz;
'ka:1.0o:rp, 'ka:l-, 'kael-
calumet
illender 'kael.In.da^ -an-
® -9D:rp surname:
'ka:l.eo:p, 'kol-, 'kael.ea:p
Jllcott 'kail.kat, 'kol-
'ka:l.ka:t,
®
-'p3-:Calpurnia ,kaerp3:.ni.a calque kaelk -s -s Calshot 'kael.Jot -J"a:t Calthorpe district in Birmingham:
caltrop
®
-(e)s -z
-s -z
(abbrev.for Central
cambial
ka,b:r.i-, kael,a:r-
calorimeter
kaem
(C)
camaraderie kael'-,
'kael.^r.i -s -z
llback 'koil.baek® 'koil-, 'ka:lSlboy 'koil.bai 'kail-, 'ka:l- -s -z 'ka:l-
® -sou
kaelt'sou.nl, kael'zau-, -nei
.kaem.a.lau'djui.nam
'kael.ma.tiv, 'ka:.ma-
'ka:.nia.tiv, 'kael- -s -z
calorific
®
ka'lip.sau
'keil.liks, 'kaell.iks -lyces
.sen.tr^l.a'mer.i.ka -t
-ed -d
-ir)
Calton
•lias 'kael.as, -aes
®
CAm
'kD:l-, 'ka:l-
'kael.as -es -iz
'kael.Goip -'net-
'kael.i.d^n, '-a-
kael'zou.nl, -'zoun -s -z
cam
'kael.a.wei
ka'bi- -s -z
'kael.a.han, -haen, -gan
ca|lyx
®
®
'call ,girl
.kael.vi'nis.tik, -va'-
(('-}
calzone
-a""
-est -ist, -ast
calorie
®
-s -s
Itaghan
® -ou -er
.kael.a.ri-, .kael.o:-,
Ikin 'kael.kin, 'ka:-
II
-as'-
ka'lis.tau® -tou
® ka:k, ka:k ® ® ka:l
-va-
-li.shz -lyxes -lik.siz (C) 'kael.au
ka'lor.ik; 'kael.'r-
'kael.i.feit, 'kei.li-, -fit,
ka:k
Ik
-dr-
®
-ness -nas, -nis
-11
-t
'kael.a^
'kei.lliks, 'kaell.iks -ices -is.i:z
l|ix
calypso
® kael'ma:.d3a-, -dsuCalne ka:n calomel 'kael.ao.mel ® -a.mel, -mal calor ® 'Calor ,gas caloric ® ka'bir-
-as'- -s -s
listo
'kael.as -ly
callow
-ing
'kei.lif, 'kael.if -s -s
®
Calydon
-ju-
isthenic ,kael.is'9en.ik,
'kaevz-
cal|x kaellks -ces -sl:z -xes -k.siz
kael'os.a.tli, ka'los-, -itl.i
calmative
ipash 'kael.i.paej ipee 'kael.i.pi:,
iphate
®
-al-'l -ally-'l.l,Ml
ka'la:.sa.tli -ies -iz
calmodulin
®
Calvinistic
-s -s
kael'is.tra.tas, ka'lis-
-est -ist, -ast -ly
.kael.i'fDi.ni.am, -a'-
'kael.i.pa"^
calves'-foot 'kaivz.fut
-ist/s -ist/s
ka'lis-
calm ka:m -a'-,
ligula ka'lig.ju.la, -ja-
5)
® callositjy ®
callus
s)-a'fa:r-
iph
'kael.va.t^n, 'ka:l-
Calvin 'kael.vin Calvinjism 'kael.vi.nli.z^m,
kaeris.9a.ni:z, ka'lis-
call-up 'ka:l.Ap®
D-a'fair.nja, -ni.a
fat
Callistratus
Calloway
-s -s
Lael.i'foi.ni.a, -a'-, '-nja
iper
kael'ir.au.i:, ka'lir-
ka'lir.ou-
®
(abbrev.for California)
njla® .kael.a'fair.njla, m/s -an/z
'kael.v3:t, -vat, 'ko:l.vat
® Calverton ®
'kael.v3-:t, -va>^t
,kael.i'pai.gas,-a'-®-a'-
® Callisthenes ®
-ed -(e)s -z
-kAt
ifornija ,kael.i'fD:.nil.a,
Calvert
-a.pa^ -s -z
'kael.va^.tan
callous
if.
®
.kael.i'pids.i.an, -a'-
callisthenic .kael.is'Gen.ik
ibration .kael.i'breij^n, -a'ibrator 'kael.I.breI.t^^ '-a-®-t3^ '-a-
'kael.v^l.l
®-va>-.llp/acem West Yorkshire: 'ka:.va.ll,'ko:v.H®'ka:.va--,'kD:v-
ka'lis-
i)-brei.tid
ibre 'kael.I.b^^
-s -z
ikael.va'dous, ,ka:l-
Calverley surname:
'ko:-, 'ka:- -s -z
-a'-
Callirrhoe -brates
'-a-
-ated
-ei.tir)
ka'laia.pi, kael'aia-
callipygous
ijbrate 'kael.il.breit,
I
®
®
-ei.ta-/z
®
'ka:l-, 'ka:l- -s -z
'kael.i.pa"^
callipygian
-z
® ®
-ei.tir)
-ei.tid -ator/s -ei.taVz
calvar|y (C) 'kael.v^rl .1 -ies -Iz calvje ka:v®kaev-es-z-ing-ir)-ed-d
-ze-lz
'calling ,card
calliper
iber 'kael.I.b^^
®
®
calumniation ka,lAm.ni'ei.J"^n calumnjy 'kael. am. nil -ies -Iz calvados (C) 'kael.va.dos
ka'lig.ra.fli, kael'ig-
'ko:.lir)
Calliope
'ka:.li
®
'ko:-, 'ka:-
'kael.i
-ally-M.i,-Ii
calligraph|y
callmg
)kaerhu:n, -'houn, ks'huin i
-'1
®
'kai.li
.kael.i'graef.ik, -a'- -al
calligraphic
call-in 'kail. in
'kael.g'r.i
houn
Callie surname:
-ei.tid
-a-
-ist/s -ist/s -er/s -a7z
jelly
lot
Caller 'kael.a'®
-ating
-eits
'kai.la-, 'ka:- -s -z
Callie girl's name:
-s -z
?nture 'kael.an.tjuaf, -m-, -tjo^^ f3f®-tja^, -tjur -s -z f
®
caller 'kai.la^
ka'lAm.nlI.eit -ates
camcorder
kaem'bai.sl:z 'kaem,ka:.da'^
®-,ko:r.da-
Camder:
-s -z
'kaem. dan
came (from come) keim camel 'kaem.^1 -s-z Camelford 'kaem.^l.fad® -fa>^d 75
—
,
,
1
camelhair - Cannock
® -her
'kaem. H.hea'
camelhair
campion
Camelot
'kaem. a. lot,
'-i-
®
campsite
,role
'kaem.^r.sl.maen,
CAMRA
kaem.ra
camshaft
-ir)
'kaem.^r.a.Jai, 'kaem.ra
camerajwoman -women
-ra,-
-,wim.m
Camero ka'mea.rau censjure 'sen^.Jla^ -sjla""®
,sel.3>-'et -s -s
Gellini
'ses.i.li, 'sis-, -^l.i CyD 'ses-
-a^d
-'sD:r.i-
-sa^- -s -sS
-bit -s -s
'-i-,
-men -man, -men
-'siil.ja, -'sil-
-az®
®
-nis
censurable
'sel.a.bat,
cellarage
®
seni'sa:.ri.al
-li
,-i-
sel'im, sei'lim
cellarer
Note:
Gecilia
celibate
cellar 'sel.a'^®-3^
'ses.^1
-ors
senf'sa:.ri.as
cell sel -s -z
.tjau'jes.ku:
Gebu
Gecile
'sii.ii.aek
Geline
-nas, -nis
Geausescu
-t
-'sa:r.i-
celiac
®-'ter.i- -s -z
-ness
-li
'sii.li.a
-sla^
-ored -ad
-^r.ir)
® -ly-i censorian senf'so:.ri.an ® censorious ® -ly -ness -nas, censorship 'senf.sa.Jip ® censorial
si'les.tain, sa-, -tin, -tim -s -z
,si:.di:'ti:
-oring
-ed
-ir)
-sa^ -s -z
.sen.i'maet.iks, -a'-
centime
®
'sen.ti.lii.ta
'sd:n.ti:m, 's5:n-, 'sa:n-;
'sa:n-, 'sen- -s -z
centimetre, centimeter
-'maet-
®
-'netcenetics sa'net.iks, siCEng {abbrev.for Chartered Engin-
eer) ,si:'end3; ,tJa:.t^d,en.d3^nIa^
'sen.ti,mi:.taf
®
-ta.mi:.ta^ -s -z
centimo 'sen.ti.mau® -mou -s-z centipede
'sen.ti.pi:d
®
-ta- -s -z
-l
centipoisje - eg tipois|e'sen.ti.p3iz®-t3- -es-iz
®
tner 'sent .na^ to 'sen.tao
TO
®
'sen.tau
-na^ -s -z
-too
(3)
-s -z
certiorari
Cepheid 'si:.fi.id, 'sef.i- -s -z Cepheus 'sii.fi.as, -fjas ceramic sa'raem.ik, si-, ki-, ka-
®
®
-too
tral(C) 'sen.tr'l -ly-i .Central
frican Re public; .Central
®
-'ra:.ri
certitude
sa'raem- -s -s Note: In the UK, experts tend to use the forms with /ki-, ka-/.
,s3:.Ji.o:'rea.rai, -ti.a'-, ,s3^:.J'i.a'rer.i, -'ra:r- -s -z
's3:.ti.tju:d
's3^:.ta.tu:d, -tju:d
cerulean
sa'ru:.li.an, si-
cerumen
sa'ru:.men,
®
ceramicist sa'raem. i.sist,
ceramist 'ser. a. mist, sa'raem. ist -s-s
cervical sa'vai.k^l,
ime
cerastes sa'raes.ti:z, cerate 'sia.reit, -rit,
® cervine 'S3:.vain ® cerjvix ®
tralism 'sen.tr'l.i.z'm
jn.tr'l.ai'zeij'n,
®
-i.ti
tralization, -isa-li'-
®
-a.ti
-h'-
-ed -d
'sen.tl3'"®-t!3^-res-3z®-3^z -red-3d®-3^d .centre gravity; .centre stage
ing-^r.io
'sen.ta.boid
tre-field ,sen.t3'fi:ld -ta^- -s -z -er/s -aVz
®
>-t3>^'fD:r.w3^d -s -z
® ® trepiec|c ® s-iz point ® itrepoint tre-spread .sen.ta'spred ® tre-|half ,sen.t3l'ha:f -'haevz alves -'haivz
-ta^l'haef
'sen.ta.piis
-ta^-
-t?r-
'sen. ta.
-ta^-
ress shift: .centre-spread 'picture
-ally
-^l.i, -li
itrifugal ,sen.tri'fju:.g^i, -tra'-,
® sen'trif
.ja.g^l,
3-, -ju:-
-tra- -es -iz
-ing -iq -ed -d
itriole 'sen.tri.aol
®
'-a-,
®
itr|ism 'sen.trli.z'''m -ist/s -ist/s
'sen.trao®
®
® -ba:s
'-i-
'-i-®
®
'-a-
cestui
®
-nas, -nis
itumvirate sen'tAm.vi.rat,
® sen'tAm.va-.at, ken-,
cert -va-.
-vi.rat
-s
D 'sen. tarn. VI-, 'ken. torn-, -rai
ituple 'sen.tjo.p^l; sen'tju:D 'sen.ta-; sen'tu:-, -'t ju:iturion sen'tjoa.ri.an, -'tjoa-,
® ®
tjo:-, -'tja:-
-'tor.i-, -'tjor- -s -z
pe Sep
-s -s
phalic
sef'ael.ik, sif-, sa'fael-,
:ef'ael-,
kif-
®
sa'fael. ik
®
'sef.^l.ao.pod
D -a. paid -s -z phalopoda
.sef.a'lop.a.da
©-'lai.pa-
phalous
certificate -kit
® ®
cestus cesura
®
'ser-
® ®
-tin-
's3^:-
's3^:.ti:z
-li
(v.) sa'tif.ii.keit, s3:-,
-cates -keits -eating -kei.tir) -cated -kei.tid,
®
-ka.tid,
-ki-®
-kei.tid
sef.^l.as
'sii.faes
,s3:.ti.fi'kei.J"'n, -fa'-
-s -z
-'loo-
providing with a
® ®
,s3-:.ta-
certificate:
,s3:.ti.fi'kei.J''n, sa.ti-
,sy:.ta-
-s -z
certificatory -kei-, -tri
®
sa'tif .i.ka.t^r.i, S3:-, sa^'tif .i.ka.to:r.i
®
-ta- -ies certif|y 's3:.ti.flai, -ta-aiz -ying -ai.ig -led -aid -ier/s -ai.a^/z .certified mail -ai.aVz
®
si'zjoa.ra,
si:-, -'zja:-,
-'30a-
sa'zor.a, -'3or- -s -z sa-, -Ji.a, -si.
-si.
a® -Ja
si'tei.J^n, sa-, -Ji.an,
® as ® -Jas
-pn -s -z -si. an cetaceous si'tei.Jas, cetane
-ta'-,
'S3^:.ta.fai- -ly
sdf- -s -s
S3^-
.set.iz.ki'trAst
'ses.tas -es -iz
cetacean
(n.) sa'tif.i.kat, S3:-, '-a-,
-kei.tir)
que trust
Cetaceasi'tei.Ja, 's3^:- -ly -li
certifiabjle ,s3:.ti'fai.a.bPl,
®
.set-,
,set-,
'sir.i-
's3:.ti:z, -tiz, S3:ts
's3:.ti.fai-, -ta-
®
.set.iz.ki'vi:
sa-
certification act of certifying:
,sef .a'lao.ni.a
phalopod
certes
'-a-
p sep -s -s
phalonia
®
®
.set.i.ki'vi:
.ses.twiz® cestuis que vie .ses.twiz®
S3^:t -s -s
certifi|cate
-iz
-'oo
|Si:.i:'ao
®
vie
.set-,
-ies -iz
ntumviri ,sen.tAm'vi.ri:
itur|y 'sen.iprl.i -ies
s3:t
que
cestuis
.sia.raa'plaes.tik,
certain 's3:.t'n, -tin certaintjy 's3:.t^n.tli,
.set.i.ki'trAst
.ses.twi- -s -z
'sir.i:z
-'pla:.stik® 'sir.oo.plaes-,
-a
.sei.lae'vi:, -la:'-, -la'-
que trust
|Set-, .ses.twi- -s -s
cestui
'ser. if -s -s
®
'ses.pu:! -s -z
c'est la vie
-ies -iz
'sia.ri.am
'ses.na
'ses. pit -s -s
cesspool
-i
-s -z
-er- -ies -iz
cesspit
-a'-
cerium
'si:.zi.am
cess ses -es -iz cessation ses'ei.J^n, si'sei-, sacession 'sej.'n -s -z cessionarjy 'sej.^n.^ri.i, -^n.rli
®
-s -s
sa'ri:z, si-, -'ri:s
si:'za:.ri.ao, -'zaer.i-
-'za:r.i.oo
Cessna"
.ser.i'mao.ni.al, -a'-
cerise
-'za:r.a- race:
®-'za:r.a-
Cesario
® -a:n cerement 'sia.mant, 'ser.a.mant ® 'sir.mant ceremonial -ism -i.z^m ® -a'mooceremonious .ser.i'mao.ni.as, -ness ® -a'mooceremonjy ® '-a.moo.nli -li
®
si'zaer.a.witj"; -'za:.ra-, -ri-
cesium
-ly
si'zea.ri.an, sa-
ce.sarean section
si'zai.ra.vitj", sa-
-brei.tid
cerif
sa'zer.i- -s -z
,ser.a'ni:.an
sei'za:r
'-a-
cerebration .ser.rbrei.J^n, -a'®-a'--s -z cerebr|um sa'ri:. brlam,si-; ser. I-, ®'ser.a-; sa'ri:- -a-a -ums -amz Ceredigion .ker.a'dig.i.on, -i'-
-s -z -ly
-vices
Cesarewitch Russian prince:
sa'ri:-, si-
'ser.al.breit,
sa'rin.i.an
Cesar 'seI.za:^ -za^ cesarean, cesarian
.cerebral palsy
.
ceroplastic 'sen. tra
>tr|um 'sen.trlam -a
(phas
-a
'-i-;
'ser a-; sa'ri:- -s -z
's3^:-
® ®
Cerynean
,ser.i'bell.am, -a'-
'ser.a.br'l,
smear
-vis.i:z -vixes -vik.siz
-ing -lo -ed -d
-ums -amz -a Cerebos 'ser.a.bos,
cer.vical smear, .cervical
's3^:.vi-
's3:l.viks
sa^'ker.i-
'sir.i- -s -z
-a'-
Ceres 'sia.ri:z®
-col -s -z
itripetal ,sen.tri'p.i:.t'l, sen'tn.pa.t^l m'tri.pi-
O
®
sa^-
'S3>^:-
'S3^:-
sir -es -z
®
ss:-; 's3:.vi-
smear
'ser.i.ma.nli, '-a-
itrifugje 'sen.tri.fju:d3, -tra-
>
®
® ®
tre-forward ,sen.t3'fD:.w3d
:n'tnf .jo-, -ja-
®
'sia.ri.al
s3:'vaen.ti:z, -tiz
.cervical
'sir.eit,
-brates -breits -brating -brei.tiQ -brei.tir) -brated -brei.tid
)-ta>^.foold -s -z
It
sia"^
cere|brate -3>-/z
trefold 'sen.ta.faold
itric 'sen.trik -al -^1
®
sa-
® ®
'ssi.b'r.as
cerebelljum
®
)
itro-
cer|e
cerebral
i-ta^.boird -s -z
[)
Cerberus
cereal
t|re
treboard
® ®
si-
-rat
cercarija ssi'kea.ril.a -ae -i:
traliz|e, -is|e 'sen.tr'l.aiz -es -iz ig-ir)
Cervantes
-It -s -s
tralist 'sen.tr^l.ist -s -s
trality sen'trael.a.ti,
si-, '-a-
a- -s -s
sa'ru:-
-man
sa'ru:-
merica; Central Daylight Ime; .central heating; .central ser'vation; .Central Standard
® sa'raem.
®
si-,
sa-, -Ji.as,
'sii.tein
Cetewayo -wa:.jao
ketj'wai.ao, .ket.i'wai-,
® -'wai.oo
Ceuta 'sju:.ta® 'sei.u:.ta Cevennes sev'en, sa'ven, si-, -venz
® sei'ven
ceviche
sa'vi:.tj'ei, -tji:
®
si'la:n, seiCeylon si'lon, saCeylonese ,sel.a'ni:z, ,si:.la-
® ® sei'za:n
|Si:.la'ni:z, ,sei-, -'niis
Cezanne cf.
sei'zaen, si-, sez'aen
{abbrev.for compare) kam'pea^,
kan'fs:""; ,si:'ef
® kam'per,
kan'f3^:;
,si:'ef
CFC
,si:.ef'si: -s -z
eg {abbrev.for centigramme, centi-
85
Chablis - chamomile
Pronouncing the letters CH The remainder, pronounced
The consonant digraph ch has three main pronunciations: /tj,
k/and /j"/. Before the
letter r,ch
is
always realised
often being
/tj/,are
more
long-established,
common everyday words {e.g.lunch,chew).
as /k/, e.g.:
In Christmas
anachronism
Occasionally, ch
/s'naek.rs.ni.z^m/
However, there
is
no
reliable
place
way of predicting whether ch
be pronounced as /tj k/ or /_[/
will
addition
/'krisf.mas/
in
most other situations by
/tjaep/
stomach
/'stAm.sk/
in
the
British
Words from Scots ending ch may be pronounced /x/, but can also have the realisation
chap
/Ink, Idx/
loch
/k/,e.g.:
(ys)
/la:k, la:x/
/Jaem'pein/ In
In
pronounced /d^,as
/'gren.ids/
looking at the spelling alone, e.g.:
champagne
is
name Greenwich.
the case of yacht ch
is
silent:
general,/k/ words are those originating from Greek
{e.q.chaos, chorus).
Words containing /J/ are
yacht
usually late
/jot/
(ys) /ja:t/
borrowings from French {e.g.champagne,chauffeur).
® -smouk
gram) 'sen.ti.graem (® -taChablis 'Jaeb.li:, -bli, -'-® /aeb'li,
-er/s -aVz
Jai'bli
Chabrier
®
'Jaeb.ri.ei, 'Jai.bri-,
cha-cha 'tJaLtJa: -s -z -ing -irj -ed cha-cha-cha ,tj"a:.tj'a:'tja: -s -z
chaconne
-d
Jsek'on, Ja'kon
® Jai'kam, Jaek'ain,
-'oin -s -z
chacun a son gout Jaek.3:n.a:.s5:/;'gu:, -Ee.sor)'-
-, 'kaer- -s -z
t Jes""
Chapel-en-le-Frith
anel Ja'nel, Jaen'el
®
't
-bd:o
-d
'hAn.u.kd, 'haen-, 'xAn'ha:.n3.k3, 'xa:-, -nu.ka:
chapat(t)i
—®
® ® ®
'tjam.tri
chantrjy 'tjam.trii chant|y 't Jam.t li
-'pul-
(C)
it
-^l.i, -li
-z
'
Jam.ti'ji
Note: In the song "ChantiDy Lace",
chaos
-s -z
)-i.3^ -iest -i.ist, -i.sst
ga'f,
-t3-, ,-'-
'Jam-,
® Chantilly ®
®
-ka^
incroid 'Jaeo-kroid inc|y 'tjamf.sli
(C) 'tJam.tI.klI3^
Chanukah
-iz
incre 'Jaeo-ka^
Jaen-, -'tu:s -es -iz
'Jaen.ti, 'tjaen-,
chanticleer
'Jaer.s.baer),
® character 'kaer.^k.t3^ ® characteristic ®
Jd:«'t3:z,
Jaen'til.i;
Jaen^- -ies -iz
(llor
-s -z
Jaen.ts'-,
,tjaen-
'/Jaent-,
'tjaenf- -s -z
incellerjy 'tja:nf.s^l.^rl.i )
'tjaen.ta^
'Jaen.ti -s -z
nc|e tja:nfs t Jaenfs -es -a^/z ] -ed -t -er/s -sVz
ncel
Ja:n'ta:l
,Jd:«. ta'rel, Jaen-,
impneys 'tja^mp.niz imps Elysees Jamz.eVu.zei,
®
'tjzen.tid
-id
'tjam-ta"^
Jaem'plein; J5:(;'plu:/7 lake in US: J