Hawaiian-English Dictionary 9780824895976

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Linguistic

Map

RED • - East Polynesian languages most closely related to Hawaiian RED > - West Polynesian languages less closely related to Hawaiian BLUE • - Malayo-Polynesian languages distantly related to Hawaiian

HAWAIIAN-ENGLISH

DICTIONARY

HAWAIIAN - ENGLISH I MARY KAWENA PUKUI ASSOCIATE IN HAWAIIAN CULTURE / B. P. BISHOP MUSEUM

S i P L UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS - 1957

I [ DICTIONARY

AND

SAMUEL H. E L B E R T ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PACIFIC LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS / UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII

COPYRIGHT 1957 BY T H E UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS Library

of Congress

Manufactured

Catalog

Card A r o.

in Honolulu,

Hawaii,

57-8903

by

Advertiser Publishing Company, Limited

CONTENTS Page

Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

xii

Notes on Hawaiian Grammar 1. Introduction

xv

2. Sounds

xv

2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.

Consonants Vowels, stress, and intonation Fast speech Loan words Relative frequency of sounds

xv xv xvi xvii xvii

3. Words

xvii

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7.

xvii xvii xviii xix xx xx xx

Minor words Minor words: pronouns Minor words: demonstratives Minor words: possessives Numerals Interjections Major words

4. Particles 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5.

Substantive markers of case Plural markers Verb markers of aspect, mood, and tense Conjunctions Nondetermining particles after words

5. Processes 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6.

Prefixing Suffixing Compounding Reduplicating Lengthening of vowel for emphasis Lengthening of vowel to form a plural

6. Sentences

xx xxi xxi xxi xxii xxii

xxiv xxiv xxv xxvi xxvi xxvii xxvii

xxvii

6.1. Order within the phrase

xxvii

6.2. Functions and order of phrases

xxvii

7. Questions Arrangement of the Dictionary

xxviii xxviii

Pronunciation of Hawaiian

xxix

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary

xxx

Hawaiian-English Dictionary Bibliography of Important Works Consulted

1 359

PREFACE

He loa ka 'imina o ke ala o Hawai'i 'imi loa. Long is the search for the way of Hawaii's thinkers. The earliest known list of Hawaiian words is printed in Volume III of Captain James Cook's A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean and was compiled in 1778, the year of Cook's discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. This list includes some 250 words spelled in an English-like orthography : ee for today's i, as in eeheu (ihu), nose; oo for today's u, as in nooe (nui ), large; and y for today's ai, as in myly (maika'i ), good. Subsequent lists, prepared by Manuel Quimper in about 1791, by Urey Lisiansky in 1804, by Archibald Campbell in 1809, and by J. Arago in 1819, contain from about 170 to 400 words, and are written in orthographies that suggest the spelling habits of the Spanish, Russian, British, and French compilers. These and other early vocabularies have been described by Samuel H. Elbert (see Bibliography). In 1829 the missionaries decided to end this spelling diversity, and they adopted by vote an alphabet with vowels corresponding to the so-called continental sound values and with the usual English values of the consonants. C. M. Wise and Wesley Hervey have described the dramatic tale of the fashioning of this alphabet. The ease with which Hawaiians young and old learned to read and write is an indication of its success. The more ambitious project of writing a dictionary of the Hawaiian language has been attempted some nine times since 1836, as appears from the following list of works containing 3,700 or more words. In each case the number of words is approximate. Year

Number of Words

Author

1836

Andrews

1843

Mosblech 15,000 8,500 (15,000(?) j 4,000 16,000 16,000(?) 15,500(?)

Hawaiian-English Marquesan- and Hawaiian-French French-Marquesan and -Hawaiian English-Hawaiian French-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English English-Hawaiian English-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English Hawaiian-English

J 4,500 ] 6,000 25,000

English-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English Hawaiian-English

5,700 I 3,700 |

1845 1855

Emerson and Bishop Remy

1865

Andrews

1887 1922 1940(?)

Hitchcock Andrews-Parker Andrews reprint (Hong Kong)

1945

Judd-Pukui-Stokes

1957

Pukui-Elbert

4,000

The outstanding contributions have been those of Lorrin Andrews (1795-1868). His first book, published in 1836, was the basis for his greatly expanded work of 1865. Except for rearrangement according to the English alphabet and a surprising deletion of all Biblical references, the revised Andrews-Parker work of 1922 is nearly

— Preface

—

the same as the 1865 volume. Apparently only 400 copies of the Andrews-Parker dictionary were printed, of which 100 were given away. Within a year it was unobtainable except occasionally in second-hand stores at a very high price. Because of this, and because so many common words are not listed in the Andrews-Parker dictionary, the present authors were detailed in 1949 to prepare a new work or to revise and expand the old one. The story of this undertaking is briefly told below. T h e first task involved determination of policy, and an advisory committee was appointed. I t soon became apparent t h a t thoroughgoing changes were necessary in the Andrews-Parker dictionary if it were to be in line with present-day lexicography, and t h a t it would be neither accurate nor ethical to call the new work a revision of the previous dictionary. For one thing, the number of entries (as defined below) has been increased from approximately 14,000 in the earlier work to about 25,000 in this one. As indicative of the increase: the old volume has some 6 types of aha'aina (feast) compared with 23 in this work, some 49 types of hale (house) compared with 133, and 2 types of palapala (document) compared with 63. The number of illustrative phrases and sentences has been greatly increased and the system of cross references expanded. In spite of these significant increases, the new book has fewer pages than the old one, due partly to the type size used and partly to the elimination of questionable entries and duplicate definitions, and because every definition has been rewritten to eliminate padding and definitions within definitions. T h e principal sources examined for words are listed in the Bibliography. Hawaiian quotations from these sources were rewritten to conform with the dictionary style, and glottal stops and macrons added. For some volumes, as the Bible, Fornander, Kcpelino, Laieikawai, and the Kumulipo, English translations are available. Each translation in the dictionary, however, has been rephrased quite literally for the purpose of showing the value of each word. At times this has resulted in awkwardness or redundancy which could have been avoided only by a freer translation. There follows a summary of the sources most assiduously examined, in addition to the previous dictionaries, and many unpublished notes, letters, word lists, and texts, most of which are in the Bishop Museum library. Documentation of these and other works consulted is in the Bibliography. Legends: Fornander, Beckwith's Laieikawai. Chants: Emerson's Pe.le arid Hiiaka and Unwritten Literature, Beckwith's Kumulipo, Pukui's unpublished chants. Sayings: Pukui's unpublished sayings. Newspapers: Ka Na'i Aupuni, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Texts: Beckwith's Kepelino, McGuire. Christian writings: Ka Baibala, 1941; Ke Alanui o Ka Lani: Oia ka Manuale Kakolika. Material culture: Te Bangi Hiroa. Laws: Moolelo o na Hana o ka Hale o na Lunamakaainana, legal notices in Ka Hoku o Hawaii. Plants: Neal, Handy, Whitney. Fish: Titcomb. Shore and reef fauna: Edmondson. Stars: Makemson. Games: Mitchell. Arithmetic: Thomson. Military: He Kumu Paikau. An article by Bruce Biggs influenced the description of possessives in the grammatical notes. The Proto-Polynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions are based largely on works by Dempwolff, Dyen, and Elbert. In general, M a r y Kawena Pukui has been responsible for the accuracy of the meanings of the Hawaiian words, and Samuel H . Elbert for the technical aspects of presentation. M a n y problems arose during the years of work, the most important of which are briefly described below. 1. Description versus prescription. Is the function of dictionaries to prescribe what the compilers consider the best usage, or is it to describe the actual usage of cultivated speakers? Statements in the prefaces to English dictionaries over— viii

— Preface

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whelmingly indorse the descriptive approach. This matter is of sufficient importance to justify inclusion of a few statements of creed: J o h n S. Kenyon, in Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition (1934), "The function of a pronouncing dictionary is to record as far as possible the pronunciations prevailing in the best usage, rather than to attempt to dictate what the usage should be. In so far as a dictionary may be known and acknowledged as a faithful recorder and interpreter of such usage, so far and no farther may it be appealed to as an authority." (p. xxvi) NBC Handbook of Pronunciation (1943), "Makers of pronouncing dictionaries are inevitably confronted by at least two alternatives: recording what should be pronounced and what is pronounced. The latter seems reasonable and worthy of attempt." (p. x) Clarence L. Barnhart, editor-in-chief, The American College Dictionary (1947), "This dictionary records the usage of the speakers and writers of our language; no dictionary founded on the methods of modern scholarship can prescribe as to usage; it can only inform on the basis of the facts of usage. A good dictionary is a guide to usage much as a good map tells you the nature of the terrain over which you maywant to travel. It is not the function of the dictionary-maker to tell you how to speak, any more than it is the function of the mapmaker to move rivers or rearrange mountains or fill in lakes. A dictionary should tell you what is commonly accepted usage and wherein different classes of speakers or regions differ in their use of language." (p. ix) The implications of the descriptive approach pervade every aspect of the lexicographer's trade. He is permitted no personal predilections for words of native origin as opposed to words from foreign sources, for ancient words as opposed to newer ones, for words of one standard dialect as opposed to another, for pronunciations conforming to the spelling as opposed to pronunciations heard in the fast colloquial conversation of cultivated speakers. He must not frame condemnatory definitions of customs of which he may not privately approve, nor on the other hand may he glorify the past or purge from it what he may deplore. Nor may he blanch at risqué terms. In short, he is a reporter and in his role of lexicographer he never takes the part of teacher, missionary, innovator, or purist. 2. The concept of a dictionary entry. The Andrews-Parker system of entries seems to have been based on translation into English. All the meanings of maika'i, for example, that could be translated by English nouns (as beauty, goodness) constituted one entry. The meanings that might be translated by English adjectives (•externally good, handsome, beautiful, morally good) constituted another entry. The meanings that might be translated by English verbs {to be handsome, to be pleasing to the sight, to be good) constituted a third entry. The present compilers have treated all of these as a single entry, as many Hawaiian words can be translated by English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Similarly, some eleven meanings of pua that may be translated by English nouns form a single entry in the Andrews-Parker volume; in this new book the words spelledp-u-a that have widely differing meanings constitute different entries. This new conception of an entry necessitated a complete rearrangement of the material and has resulted in avoiding much repetition. I t has also meant abandonment of English grammatical terms such as noun, verb, adjective, and adverb, as in Hawaiian these are syntactic subclasses rather than major form classes. — ix —

— Preface

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3. Spelling. The principal difficulties involve indication of the glottal stop and macron, the spelling of loan words, and the indication or omission of the to-glide. The necessity for showing the glottal stop and the macron (as a symbol of both vowel length and of stress that does not conform to the predictable pattern) is attested by such pairs as ko'u (my) and kou (your), malama (light) and malama (care). No stress mark other than the macron is necessary: vowels with macrons and diphthongs are always stressed; vowels in words consisting of a single syllable (except the clitics) are always stressed; other vowels are stressed if they occur in positions described in the table in section 4.5, Grammar. Vowels not marked with macrons are short; this need not be shown with a breve. Many Hawaiian words borrowed from English words beginning with sounds not found in Hawaiian (6, d, g, j, r, s, t, v, z) are omitted from the Andrews-Parker dictionary. In the present work they are entered as commonly pronounced by Hawaiians, that is, with Hawaiian sounds. (Substitutes of Hawaiian sounds for English sounds are listed in Grammar 2.4.) Thus the Hawaiian word for baptize is entered papekiko, bapetiso, and the word for room is entered lumi, rumi. Words variously spelled with and without the lo-glide (koali and kowali, uila and uwila) presented another problem. The difference between the two members of each of these pairs, and hundreds of others, is purely graphic, that is, exists in the spelling and not in the pronunciation. Rules were drafted for an objective determination of a preferred spelling. The definitions are given under the preferred spellings, with cross references from other spellings found frequently in published form. 4. Obsolete words. Hours were spent attempting to analyze the hundreds of words in Andrews-Parker which were completely unknown to the compilers. Some proved to be misspellings or garbled phrases, sayings, or poetical expressions written as single words, and could be eliminated or entered elsewhere. Others that could not be found in the oldest legends and chants proved a real problem. Rather than assume the responsibility for omitting them the compilers decided to enter them with Andrews-Parker as the source. 5. Scope. Names of persons and places in Hawaiian are probably as numerous as other types of words. Frequently their interpretation depends on local knowledge and even then may be subject to controversy. Early in this study it was therefore deemed unnecessary to include proper names except those in very common use, as the names of the islands, of the major gods, and of winds and rains frequently mentioned in poetry. Another limitation is that there has not been included a statement of the derivation of many Biblical words, as without study of the missionary translators' work manuals it is often impossible to know whether the source of a particular word is Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or English. A completely new feature of this dictionary is the incorporation of ProtoPolynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions by Ronald R. Brown. An example is the following (which comes at the end of the entry following lani, 1, sky): (PPN langi; P M P langit). This means t h a t langi is the hypothetical reconstructed form in the Proto-Polynesian language spoken by the ancestors of the Hawaiians before the separation of the Polynesian peoples; this reconstruction is based largely on the form in use today in Tongan, Uvean, or Futunan, which languages have preserved more archaic features than any other Polynesian languages thus far recognized. Similarly, langit is the hypothetical reconstructed form

—

Preface

—

in the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language, the ancestor of Proto-Polynesian, spoken much earlier, before the separation of the Polynesian and other peoples from the Indonesians; this form can be reconstructed only when cognates are unmistakably present among Indonesian languages, as Javanese, Malay, Tagalog, or Malagasy. In the present work only those reconstructions are listed of which there can be little doubt, based on the present state of Malayo-Polynesian studies, and only those found in Indonesia as well as in western Polynesia. A reconstruction is acceptable only if the meanings of the cognate forms in the related languages are similar, and if the sounds of the cognates in the various languages are in accord with certain tables of sound correspondences, as published by Dempwolff, Dyen, and Elbert. The symbols used are those established by Dyen for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and by Elbert for Proto-Polynesian, except that a herein may be interpreted as Elbert's "a, or e before i " or "a, or o before u." The velar nasal is written "ng." It is impossible to tally the enormous number of man-hours behind a dictionary —the senior author has been working more than two decades assembling data. Some have questioned the propriety of "exposing the bones of the ancients," a Hawaiian expression of scorn for one who reveals the secrets of the ancestors. For the authors there have been dissatisfaction and frustration in the realization that in spite of years of dedicated work, it is impossible to record any language completely. How true this seems of Hawaiian, with its rich and varied background, its many idioms heretofore undescribed, and its ingenious and sophisticated use of figurative language. Thousands of pages have been printed in Hawaiian. These may be classified approximately as follows: (1) Texts concerned with ancient Hawaii, especially the chants and legends; they contain a wealth of names for stars, plants, fish, winds, rains, clouds, and objects of material culture. (2) Texts dealing with the period of the monarchy. With the coming of Christianity and the goods of modern civilization, hundreds of words were introduced into Hawaiian, mostly from English. (3) Texts published since Annexation, beginning with a translation of the Organic Act and continuing with names for technological advances and including recent vocabulary additions of World War I I . The present work cannot hope to achieve complete coverage of a history as rich and complex as this one. Many more years of work and more workers would have been needed. A complete lexicon is a picture of the whole of the life of today and of yesterday. But at least the present compilers can say, "Ua 'imihia ka mano wai o ko Hawaii kupuna: the many sources of waters and life of Hawaii's ancestors have been sought after." MARY KAWENA

PUKUI

SAMUEL H . ELBERT

University of Hawaii June, 1957

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xi

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people have helped in the compiling of this dictionary. First mention must go to the financial supporters who made the work possible. These include the Territory of Hawaii legislators, who made the original appropriation; the Bernice P. Bishop Museum and the University of Hawaii, who allowed the compilers to perform portions of the task as part of their regular duties, and especially the University for permitting the junior compiler to devote his sabbatical leave to the dictionary; and the Mclnerny Foundation for grants to the senior compiler. The Hawaiian dictionary committee has also helped in many ways. In addition to the compilers, the committee members include the chairman, Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, and the late Peter H. Buck, the late Reverend Henry P. Judd, Dorothy I. George, E. S. C. Handy, the Reverend Edward Kahale, the Reverend Samuel A. Keala, Henry E. P. Kekahuna, and Theodore Kelsey. An outstanding contribution to the dictionary was made by Henry E. P. Kekahuna and Theodore Kelsey, who generously permitted study of their voluminous notes containing the fruit of more than half a century of association with learned Hawaiians, and who made a great many constructive suggestions in their review of large portions of the manuscript. The value of the work was enhanced also by Marie C. Neal, botanist at the Bishop Museum, whose monumental contribution included descriptions of some 2,200 plant entries. Others who were constantly called upon for help throughout the years include K. P. Emory, who was one of the first to insist on the need of a new dictionary; Thomas Nickerson, chairman of the University of Hawaii Press committee; Alexander Spoehr, Director of the Bishop Museum; E. H. Bryan, Jr., Curator of Collections of the Bishop Museum, who described the birds and other animals and reviewed the entire manuscript; William A. Gosline, professor of Zoology at the University, who checked approximately 120 fish entries; and Charles H. Edmondson, marine zoologist at the Bishop Museum, who identified shore and reef fauna. Of those working on the manuscript, special mention must be made of three persons whose vital assistance extended over many years. Aldyth V. Morris, managing editor of the University of Hawaii Press, was most helpful in working out the intricacies of dictionary style and in carefully analyzing every entry from the technical viewpoint. Dorothy I. George, associate professor of English at the University, read the entire manuscript of more than 2,200 pages, as well as all the galley proofs, and made many helpful suggestions as to the quality of the English. Most of the manuscript was typed by Patience Namaka Bacon, whose knowledge of Hawaiian was invaluable. Visual effects were devised by Jean Chariot, not only an artist but a devoted student of the Hawaiian language. The printing of the book was done by the Advertiser Publishing Company, Limited, under the direction of Meiric K. Dutton, and the authors and publisher are grateful to him and to Charles K. O'Bevan, head of the Advertiser's monotype department, for the scrupulous care exercised to insure accuracy and attractiveness. —

x i i

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— Acknowledgments

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T h e grammatical notes were read by Harold C. Conklin of Columbia University, Isidore Dyen of Yale University, and Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., of the University of Hawaii, all of whose comments were most helpful. Grateful acknowledgement is given also to Ronald R. Brown, who prepared the 214 Proto-Polynesian and ProtoMalayo-Polynesian entries; to Paolo Comba, who assembled the data for the section on the relative frequency of sounds; and to Ruby Kawena Kinney, who made an important contribution to the part of the grammar dealing with fast speech and whoi helped in many other ways, including proofreading. Lexicographers are called upon for highly technical definitions in subjects as diverse as law and medicine, agriculture and fishing, religion and dancing, and music and poultry. The compilers of the Hawaiian dictionary have relied on the following, who', in addition to those already named, have been generous of their time and special knowledge: Col. Charles D. Calley, military science; the late C. Montague Cooke, land shells; Martha Poepoe Hohu, music; the Reverend Edward Kahale, Protestant writings; Dorothy Mitchell Kahananui, music; Edwina Noelani Kanoho, music; the late Daniel K. Keohokapu, Hawaiiana; the Reverend Samuel A. Keala, Protestant writings; the Reverend Charles A. Kekumano, Catholic writings; Dr. Yoshio Kondo, land shells; Dr. Nils P. Larsen, medicine; Kenneth L. Lau, legal terms; the late George Miranda, Hawaiiana; Donald D. Mitchell, games; Helen C. Norton, medicine; Rabbi Alexander Segel, Hebrew; Major D. N. Sproul, military science; Amy Suehiro, entomology. Others helped in the search for words, the checking of definitions and of references, and the proofreading, including Oswald A. Bushnell, Jesse W. Dykes, Elizabeth Nalani Ellis, Edwina Noelani Kanoho, Sarah Konia, Elspetli Sterling, Margaret Suyeoka, Emily Sharpe Wong, and Stanley Yamamoto. Librarians in charge of the volumes of Hawaiiana have been helpful in bringing important sources to the attention of the compilers, especially Janet E. Bell of the University of Hawaii, Margaret Titcomb of the Bishop Museum, Willowdean C. Handy of the Hawaiian Historical Society, and Bernice Judd of the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society. Miss Judd provided the 1835 primer attributed to Hiram Bingham containing the Hawaiian alphabet used for the letter entries in the dictionary. Other collections of Hawaiiana, word lists, and annotated dictionaries were loaned to the compilers by Mrs. Albert F. Judd, Mrs. Harvey M. Vollrath, and Robert Van Dyke. The Half Century Club furnished financial assistance for student help. Special appreciation is due also to Donald D. Mitchell, who supervised the students of the Kamehameha Schools Bishop Museum Workshop in their monumental task of mimeographing about three-quarters of the manuscript, and to the Stenographic Pool of the University of Hawaii, which completed this work. The compilers wish especially to thank Mary S. Judd, formerly of the Bishop Museum, whose sunny spirit and helpfulness made the way throughout the years happier and easier. To all of these the compilers extend mahalo nui loa, at the same time insisting that none of them be held responsible for defects in the work; for these the compilers alone are responsible. Finally, thanks must go to the missionaries who worked for a century on their word lists and compilations, and most of all to the Hawaiians and Proto-Polynesians, who for perhaps two millenia lived and flourished within this rich and fascinating language, of which the Reverend Lorenzo Lyons wrote (The Friend, September, 1878): "I've studied Hawaiian for 46 years but am by no means perfect . . . it is an

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Acknowledgments

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interminable language . . . it is one of the oldest living languages of the earth, as some conjecture, and may well be classed among the b e s t . . . the thought to displace it, or to doom it to oblivion by substituting the English language, ought not for a moment to be indulged. Long live the grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian language." M.K.P. S.H.E.

NOTES ON HAWAIIAN GRAMMAR

1. INTRODUCTION

with w- (uwaki, watch, and uwapo, wharf). (3) W h e n -w- introduces an independent root with related meaning. Uwali, smooth, contains t h e prefix u-, quality of, plus t h e root u ali, smooth. 'Owela, warm, contains t h e prefix 'o-, somewhat, plus t h e root wela, hot. T h e word sometimes written uwahi, smoke, is preferably written uahi because there is no semantic connection between wahi in this word and words pronounced wahi, as these m e a n " p l a c e " and " s o m e . " F o r m s written uahi and uwahi are pronounced t h e same a n d are merely v a r i a n t s p e l l i n g s . Variant spellings are very numerous (as kauila, kauwila; koali, kowali; 'uala, 'uwala; ueko, uweko; uila, uwila). In t h e dictionary both spellings are entered if each occurs f r e q u e n t l y in writing, b u t t h e definition follows t h e preferred form, as determined by t h e three conditions j u s t s t a t e d . A similar ¡/-glide occurs between i or e and a following a, and is particularly noticeable before a, as in t h e particle ia. B u t unlike t h e -¡¿'-glide, this sound occurs only in predictable environments and never serves t o distinguish meaning. I t is therefore not written, b u t is nevertheless pronounced. A few speakers use English sounds in words borrowed f r o m English (section 2.4), especially b, d. f . 0, T, s, and z, and t h e c o m m o n exclamation usually written ka is usually pronounced sa or cha, o f t e n with a vowel suggesting t h a t in English hat. A consonant occurs only before a vowel; t h u s two consonants never occur in succession and a syllable always ends with a vowel.

An analysis of t h e phonology and g r a m m a r of a l a n g u a g e is a prerequisite t o the compilation of a lexicon. T h e g r a m m a r of t h e Hawaiian language as worked out here is very different f r o m t h e t r a d i t i o n a l analyses, some of which seemed to be b a s e d on L a t i n or English models. I t therefore seems essential to present here some brief g r a m m a t i c a l notes. Furthermore, certain complicated f e a t u r e s of Hawaiian, such as pronouns, d e m o n s t r a t i v e s , possessives, a n d particles, can be presented more clearly and systematically in a g r a m m a r t h a n in a dictionary.

2. SOUNDS 2.1. C o n s o n a n t s . T h e consonants a r e described on page xxix. A few additional r e m a r k s will be made a b o u t k, t h e glottal stop, and w. T h e sound k is replaced by t by some speakers sporadically, by all speakers on t h e island of Niihau, a n d o f t e n in chants; this substitution is not c o m m o n a f t e r a pause. T h e glottal stop differs f r o m other consonants in t h a t it m a y occur nonsigniflcantly before any vowel (especially a-) a t t h e beginning of an u t t e r ance. T h u s akamai is pronounced without a glottal stop within a n utterance, b u t if spoken alone or a t t h e beginning of an u t t e r a n c e it m a y actually be pronounced 'akamai. In this position t h e glottal stop is not significant and ought not to be recorded unless it is heard in the s a m e word within t h e body of an utterance. Indication of the glottal stop is f u r t h e r complicated by its omission in most texts. A helpful clue t o its occurrence within texts is provided by t h e presence of ke r a t h e r t h a n ka before words beginning with tier e- w i t h o u t initial glottal stops, as in ke aloha and ke ehu. T h e necessary separation of t h e sounds w and u is shown b y such contrasts as kawa, place for leaping, versus kaua, war; awe, t h r e a d , versus 'aui, t o t u r n . In addition to t h e significant weound, a predictable and phonetically identical u)-glide occurs between u and o and following vowels, as in 'uwala, sweet potato, a n d uwila, lightning. W a f t e r u m a y in f a s t speech be shortened t o a similar glide, as in ko'u wa li'ili'i, m y little t i m e [youth]. I t is sometimes h a r d t o know whether this phonetic glide is merely a glide or a significant sound t h a t distinguishes meaning, and t h e traditional spelling is n o t consistent. In t h e dictionary -w- a f t e r o- or u- is t o be interpreted as a significant sound r a t h e r t h a n as a glide under these t h r e e conditions: (1) Before a final long vowel (kauwa, outcast, versus kaua, war, and kdwa, channel, versus koa, brave). (2) In loans derived f r o m English words beginning

2.2. Vowels, Stress, and Intonation. The vowels are described on page xxix. They occur with and w i t h o u t t h e macron, a m a r k indicating b o t h stress (or accent) and length, t h e a m o u n t of length depending on neighboring sounds and position within t h e word. Vowels following glottal stops are especially short, and stressed vowels are usually s o m e w h a t longer t h a n unstressed vowels. Final vowels m a r k e d with macrons a r e stressed b u t are usually not very long. In reduplications t h e first vowel marked with a macron m a y n o t be stressed or lengthened a t all in very fast speech ('ana'ana m a y be replaced b y 'dna'and). Vowels a t t h e ends of u t t e r a n c e s are f r e quently voiceless, as t h e final vowels in ki'i, aku. Meeting like vowels fuse i n t o a single vowel: aloha 'ia aku becomes aloha 'iaku. Vowels m a y be lengthened for emphasis. T h e vowels forming t h e diphthongs listed on page xxix are not as closely k n i t as t h e vowels of English diphthongs. T h e first o in oi suggests t h e o in English sole (without t h e off-glide). In fast speech a before i m a y suggest t h e vowels in X V

—

Grammar syllables may be slightly higher t h a n unstressed ones), or with a lower pitch a t t h e pause (this being more like English, t h e other quite dissimilar). In general, the pitch levels of speakers little influenced by English v a r y less t h a n pitch levels in English. Stress likewise shows less variation t h a n in English. T h e following types of pauses h a v e been n o t e d : a very slight one without pitch change, which

English hat or even set (see next section), and a before u m a y suggest t h e vowel in English cut. All possible vowel combinations occur, including sequences of two, three, four, five, and six vowels. Repeated vowels and diphthongs comprise single syllables. Vowels in t h e other sequences are in separate syllables, and are stressed according t o t h e rules given on page xxix: la, aid, hiidu, pi6i6i, pie-ueue. Spaces are a clue t o stress. W o r d s or particles separated by spaces are stressed except certain ones t h a t m a y be called c l i t i c s ; these are pronounced as t h o u g h a p a r t of accompanying words and a r e stressed only when preceding unstressed vowels. I n t h e following examples h y p h e n s connect t h e phonologically d e p e n d e n t clitics: ke-kiiki a-ki-aH'i, t h e child of t h e chief he-l(i d-ke-klpi, a lei of t h e rebel (to sell) ka~nHi o-kd-maka'u, t h e greatness of t h e fear ka-nui 6-ka-hdle, t h e greatness of t h e house nana-i ka-h&le. look a t t h e house h(le i-ka-hdle, go t o t h e house me-ki-al6ha, with t h e aloha n6ho 'o-Mile, M a r y stays ndho '6-ia, he stays T h e following are clitics:

may be called open transition; a sustained

pause, usually between phrases, without pitch change; f a d i n g pause, a t t h e end of a sentence, with decrease in pitch a n d volume; and r i s i n g pause, a t t h e end of a sentence, with rising pitch, and perhaps increase in force of articulation, b u t with t h e volume c u t off comparatively sharply. Long stretches of speech are heard without open transition (note close transition in reduplications, section 5.4); space between words and particles i s n o i n d i c a t i o n of t h e o c c u r r e n c e of o p e n transition. 2.3. F a s t S p e e c h . N a t u r a l fast speech in any language is quite different f r o m slow artificial speech, and in Hawaiian t h e r e are m a n y changes of vowel values, losses of vowels, and stress changes. Scientific s t u d y of these changes has been initiated a t t h e Bishop M u s e u m by R u b y K a w e n a Kinney (see Bibliography), who has partially analyzed t a p e recordings of t h e speech of 14 speakers, whose ages range f r o m late middlo age to 80 and 90, and who, with one possible exception, grew u p speaking Hawaiian before English. T h e recordings, m a d e in 1955 a t Kohala, Hawaii, consist of tales and conversation. T h e speakers did not realize t h a t their utterances were to be a n a l y z e d : t h e tapes therefore constitute a priceless record of varieties of t h e spoken H a waiian of today, and t h e y a r e available a t t h e Museum.

object m a r k e r i, to, in a a n d o, of vocative e ka and ke, t h e e, b y me, a n d , with he, a subject m a r k e r 'o T h e common causative/simulative form ho'ois written as a prefix in accordance with custom, b u t it is always pronounced as though a separate word. Analysis of Hawaiian intonation is incomplete, a n d only a brief note can be given here. A favorite p a t t e r n is a slight rise on t h e second or third syllable, followed by a speech stretch a t a nearly uniform pitch continuing t o a pause (stressed

T y p e of change Assimilation ai to ei:

*a'o t o *a'a: to t o iu: au to ou: Loss of - a before - ' a :

Miss Kinnoy t a b u l a t e d (see below) t h e varying Percentages of f a s t pronunciations

Number of citations

Spelling pronunciations

F a s t pronunciations

laila (there) kaikua'ana (sibling) kaikunane (sibling) kaikamahine (girl)

100 100 100 95

138 6 4 43

ikaika (strong) maika'i (good) kaikaina (sibling) kaikuahine (sibling) maila (hither) waiho (leave) mai (hither) ai (linking) 'a'ole (no) 'a'ohe (none) lio (horse) •tlio (dog) mau (plural)

leila, lila keikua'ana keikunane keikamahine. keikimahine ikeika meike'i keikeina keikuahine meila weiho mei ei 'a'ale 'a'ahe liu •iliu mou

92 63 56 50 49 40 37 36 79 37 66 48 29

13 34 7 2 41 10 242 216 324 73 36 42 75

loa'a (get) pua'a (pig)

lo'a pu'a

100 100

62 2

Xv i

—

G r a m m a r

pronunciations of 19 words, most of them of high frequency of occurrence. In the second column are given pronunciations that correspond to the traditional spelling, and in the third column aro assimilated pronunciations and pronunciations subjected to reductions. In the fourth column are the percentages of times that the fast pronunciations were noted, and the last column shows the number of times each word was noted. The evidence is thus greater for forms heard over a hundred times than for those noted fewer than a dozen times. Other imperfectly understood changes include fusion of like or similar vowels to a single vowel

—

2.5. Relative Frequency of Sounds. A count by Paolo Comba, assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Hawaii, revealed the following percentages of frequency of occurrence of Hawaiian sounds. The pages counted were at the beginning of the legend of Kawelo (Fornander 5: 3:13; see Bibliography). Vowels a a i i o

(loa'a ana t o lo'ana, loa'a aku t o lo'aku, pua aloalo t o pualoalo, pili i ka mea t o pili ka mea), s h o r t e n -

Percentages 22.4 3.1 .1

t o hele kula,

eia nei t o ei nei,

ke akua

.1

t o ke

kua), loss or whispering of vowels or syllables before silence, raising of a before u to a sound like the vowel in English cut, elimination of some syllables beginning with ha (palahalaha, palala), stressing of hi regardless of position (hd'okahi la), and shortening of a long vowel before another v o w e l (keia,

keia).

2.4. Loan Words. Words taken from one language into another are called loan words. Hawaiian has hundreds of loan words, mostly from English. The Bible is filled with them. The Hawaiian uses loan words when he gets married, baptizes his baby, reads the Scriptures, eats his lunch, goes to San Francisco, or uses soap. The spelling of some Hawaiian loan words is not fixed. In the Hawaiian Bible are found the letters t, d, g, s, and z (all of which the Ilawaiians usually pronounce k), b (usually pronounced p), r (usually pronounced I), and v (sometimes pronounced w). Many words are spelled with either English or Hawaiian letters, as dala and kala, dollar; li and fct, tea; mare and male, to marry. For the sake of consistency and ease of reference, words in the dictionary are entered according to the usual pronunciation of old-time Hawaiians, but variant spellings follow the entry. The Biblical bapetema, baptism, is entered in the p's, as follows: papekemo, bapetema. The substitutions of Hawaiian sounds for English ones, which are largely regular and not haphazard, follow, with the English sounds (not letters) in italics and the Hawaiian substitutions in bold face: p, b, f: p; t>, w: w ; hw: h u ; s, h, 5: h ; I, r: 1; m: m ; n, ng: n; t, d, e, 5, s, i, I, tS, dz, k, g: k; y, i, I: 1; e, e: e; x, a, 3, 3, A: a; a, o: o; u, u: u. Hawaiian adaptations of English words beginning with a-, e-, and o- begin with glottal stops. As there are no consonant clusters in Hawaiian, English adjoining consonants are separated in Hawaiian by a vowel (pulumi, broom, and palaki, brush) or one of the English consonants is dropped (kila, steel, and Kapalakiko, San Francisco). A vowel is added in Hawaiian to every consonant at the end of every word taken from English (poloka, frog). Some Hawaiian loan words approximate English spelling rather than English sounds, and do not follow the shifts just named (fcoma, comma; liona, lion; himeni, hymn). X v i i

10.10

9.5

ing of complete reduplication to partial reduplication (makemake. mamake), loss of short a (hele akula

25.50

10.0

7.9 .5 5.1 .3

u ii

9.60 8.40 5.40 59.00

Consonants k 1 n

10.1 7.5 5.7 5.2 4.8 3.7 2.5 1.5 100.00

The average word or particle had three and one half phonemes. 3. W O R D S Hawaiian words may be classified as minor words, numerals, interjections, and m a j o r words. The membership of these classes is discussed in this section, with statements as to their positions within the phrase. The grammatical processes by which increments are added to major words are discussed in section 5, and a somewhat fuller discussion of distributions (positions) is in section 6. Particles are discussed in section 4. 3.1. Minor Words. Minor words differ from other words in that they can be exhaustively listed and in that most of them consist of identifiable parts, most of which cannot stand alone and which do not contain any basic element that might be called a "root." (For example, the pronoun kakou, we, consists of these parts: k-, inclusiveness; -a-, first person; -kou, plural.) The three types of minor words are pronouns, demonstratives, and possesslves. 3.2. Minor Words: Pronouns. The pronouns are listed below (pronouns commonly written joined to preceding particles are in parentheses). Person 1

Singular au, wau;

a'u

(ia'u) 2 3

Dual

Plural

ka.ua

kakou

(inclusive)

maua

makou

(exclusive)

'oe

'olua

'oukou

to ('ota, ¿ata)

laua

lakou

— Grammar Au a n d wau a r e used i n t e r c h a n g e a b l y as s u b j e c t s : a'u is t h e o b j e c t i v e a n d a g e n t i v e f o r m ( a f t e r t h e o b j e c t m a r k e r ia it is w r i t t e n ia'u). T h e o t h e r p r o n o u n s h a v e n o special o b j e c t i v e f o r m s . Ia m e a n s " h e , " " s h e , " or " i t . " As s u b j e c t it is usually preceded b y t h e p a r t i c l e 'o a n d is o f t e n w r i t t e n a s o n e w o r d (oia). E n g l i s h " i t " is somet i m e s t r a n s l a t e d b y mea " t h i n g . " E x a m p l e s a r e :

Subject 'Ike au, I k n o w 'Ike 'oia, h e (she) k n o w s 'Ike laua, they two know

'Ike the 'Ike the 'Ike the

include p r o p e r n a m e s , a few words expressing place (as 'ane'i, ka'e, kdlii, kahakai, laila, 'o), a few words expressing t i m e ('apopo, nehinei), a n d w o r d s expressing d i r e c t i o n (hope, kai, lalo, loko, luna, mua, uka, waena, wuho). T h e s e l a s t a r e used also w i t h fc-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s w i t h a c h a n g e of m e a n i n g : mahope, a f t e r w a r d s , a n d ka hope, t h e r e s u l t ; i kai, in t h e direction of t h e sea,

Object ke ali'i ia'u, chief sees m e ke ali'i idia, chief sees h i m (her) ke ali'i ia laua, chief sees t h e t w o

T h e inclusive-exclusive d i s t i n c t i o n in t h e first person d u a l a n d p l u r a l n u m b e r s is m a d e c a r e f u l l y b y H a w a i i a n s . Kaua m e a n s " w e t w o (you a n d I ) " b u t maua m e a n s " w e t w o (lie a n d I ) . " T h e initial k- i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e person w i t h w h o m o n e is s p e a k i n g is included, b u t t h e initial mi n d i c a t e s t h a t he is excluded. E hele ana kdkou i ka hula a n d e hele ana makou i ka hula m a y b o t h be t r a n s l a t e d i n t o E n g l i s h a s " w e a r e going t o t h e h u l a " b u t t h e first f o r m ( w i t h k-) m e a n s t h a t t h e s p e a k e r is going w i t h t h e p e o p l e w i t h w h o m he is speaking, b u t t h e second " w e " (makou) does not i n c l u d e t h e persons a d d r e s s e d . P r o n o u n s a r e c o m m o n l y o m i t t e d unless t h e r e is a m b i g u i t y . I n a n s w e r t o t h e q u e s t i o n , ua 'ike? or, ua 'ike 'oe? ( K n o w ? D o you k n o w ? ) , t h e a n s w e r m a y be merely, 'ike, k n o w . I n t h e i m p e r a tive, h o w e v e r , t h e s u b j e c t is c o m m o n l y expressed: e hele aku 'oe, y o u go a w a y . English relative pronouns are often translated b y H a w a i i a n e (verb) ai, e (verb) ana, a n d i (verb) ai (sections 4.3 a n d 4.5). F o r t h e i n t e r r o g a t i v e p r o n o u n see section 7. P r o n o u n s c o m m o n l y o c c u p y position I I I , t h a t of s u b s t a n t i v e s , a s s h o w n in t h e d i a g r a m in section 4.5.

3.3. Minor Words: Demonstratives. The dem o n s t r a t i v e s o c c u p y positions I, I I , I I I , a n d X I in t h e d i a g r a m in section 4.5. T h e y m a y be classified usually a c c o r d i n g t o t h e first l e t t e r a s it-class, h-class, n-class, a n d p-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s . Dem o n s t r a t i v e s n o t b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e s e l e t t e r s or c o n t a i n i n g t h e m m a y be called zero-class dem o n s t r a t i v e s . T h e fc-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s follow: ka, ke, t h e keia, t h i s (keia mau, these) kena. t h a t (JVina mau, t h o s e ) , n e a r person addressed keia, t h a t (keia mau, t h o s e ) , f a r f r o m p e r s o n addressed and speaker kekahi, a, a c e r t a i n , o t h e r , a n o t h e r (kekahi mau, some) T h e fc-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s c o m m o n l y o c c u p y position I I a n d m a y p r e c e d e all m a j o r w o r d s used a s s u b s t a n t i v e s in t h e s i n g u l a r e x c e p t c e r t a i n w o r d s t h a t m a y be called fc-less words. T h e s e

—

—

Agent 'Ai 'ia e a'u, eaten by me 'Ai 'ia e ia, e a t e n b y h i m (her) 'Ike 'ia au e laua, I w a s seen b y t h e t w o

a n d ke kai, t h e sea; i loko, inside, a n d ka loko, the interior; tripe. Ka a n d ke h a v e t h e s a m e m e a n i n g ; ke is used before all words b e g i n n i n g w i t h a-, e-, 0-, a n d k (ke ala, t h e r o a d ; ke aka, t h e s h a d o w ; ke ea, t h e life; ke onaona, t h e f r a g r a n c e ; ke kanaka, t h e person), a n d elsewhere ka is used, except t h a t s o m e w o r d s beginning w i t h t h e glottal s t o p a n d w i t h p- a r e preceded by ke (ke 'ala, t h e f r a g r a n c e ; ke pa, t h e dish) a n d o t h e r s by ka (ka 'aka, t h e l a u g h ; ka 'ehu, t h e b l o n d ; ka pa, t h e y a r d ) . Such uses of ke a r e n o t e d in t h e d i c t i o n a r y . Ka a n d ke m a r k singular s u b s t a n t i v e s a n d a r e usually t r a n s l a t e d by E n g l i s h " t h e " b e f o r e n a m e s of t h i n g s t h a t c a n be c o u n t e d , b u t a r e not t r a n s l a t e d i n t o E n g l i s h before m a s s n o u n s or s t a t u s titles: Makemake au i ke kanaka, I like t h e person. Makemake au i ka wai, I like w a t e r . Maika'i ka pono, m o r a l i t y is good. E ke ali'i, e hele mai 'oe, O chief, c o m e here. S i n g u l a r i t y is lost if t h e ka or ke a r e o m i t t e d : makemake aui wai, I w a n t s o m e w a t e r . F o r stress of t h e clitics ka a n d ke see section 2.2. T h e ft-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s a r e he a n d 'a'ohe, b o t h of w h i c h f u n c t i o n as s u b s t a n t i v e m a r k e r s in position I , b u t which a r e less definite in m e a n i n g t h a n ka a n d ke. T h e y a r e m u t u a l l y exclusive w i t h &-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s a n d n o " p l u r a l m a r k e r . " They are often translated "a, to be a " and "none, t o h a v e n o n e . " Followed b y a possessive t h e y m a y t r a n s l a t e E n g l i s h " t o h a v e : " he keiki kana, h e h a s a child. 'A'ohe ana keiki, he h a s n o children. T h e o n l y n-class possessive is t h e r a r e neia, c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e v e r y c o m m o n keia, b o t h meaning "this." T h e c o m m o n p-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s a r e peia, like t h i s (indefinite); penei, like this, t h u s (precise); pela, like t h a t , in t h a t w a y ; pehea, h o w ? w h a t ? I n i t i a l p- h a s t h e m e a n i n g "like, s i m i l a r . " T h e zero-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s a r e n o t s u b j e c t t o f u r t h e r division. T h e y i n c l u d e ia, this, t h a t (unspecified d i s t a n c e f r o m s p e a k e r a n d person a d d r e s s e d ) ; net, here, t h i s ; na a n d ana, t h a t (near t h e p e r s o n a d d r e s s e d ) ; la a n d ala, t h a t (far f r o m s p e a k e r a n d person a d d r e s s e d ) . 'Oia ala, literally s u b j e c t m a r k e r he (she) t h e r e , is o f t e n t r a n s l a t e d merely " h e (she)." T h e s e d e m o n s t r a t i v e s (except

x v i i i

—

G r a m m a r

ila) usually follow rather than precede modified words., and occupy position X I in the diagram in secttion 4.5. Another zero-class demonstrative. ua, t h e afore-mentioned, may precede the modifled word in position XI; it is followed by nei, la or ala: ua kanaka nei, this person we have been discussing. T h e zero-class demonstrative na may carry an unfavorable connotation: e na luahine maka piapia makole, you old woman there with encrusted secretions in the eye, red-eyed one. 3 . 4 . M i n o r W o r d s : P o s s e s s l v e s . T h e discussion of possessives will begin with an analysis of o and a, the markers of alienability which occur in every possessive except ku'u and ko. T h e o or inalienable possessive forms are used for objects that may have seemed of great importance in the old culture, principally the following: objects in close c o n t a c t with the body, or a part of the body, or a part of anything; individuals to whom one does not himself acquire a relationship (siblings, parents, grandparents, deities, hereditary chiefs and subjects, kama'aina); objects important in the old life (deities, land, birthplace, house, canoe, paddle, adze); animals that one rides; certain bodily processes (to love, die, live, think, know, and life itself); emotions (fear, grief, anger); certain actions (to eat, come, go, stay). T h e a or alienable forms are used in general for objects not in intimate contact with the body, for relatives and other relationships that are acquired (spouses, sweethearts, children, subordinates, teachers, students, malihini), for animals not ridden, and for most actions (to work, fetch, drink, call, speak, say, chat, hear, fight, earn, order). The alienable a also means " i n the manner of, as, like": 'ai a pua'a, to eat like a pig. Exceptional forms taking o are hoa, companion; and makamaka, friend (perhaps by analogy with maka, eye, which takes o). Aikdne, friend, takes a (perhaps by analogy with 'ai, food, which takes a). M a n y possessed objects may take either o or a, usually with different meanings (kona and kana may be translated " h i s " or " h e r " ; o and a may be translated " o f " and " ' s " ) . wahine: ka wahine a ke ali'i, the wife of the chief; ka wahine o ka lua, the woman of the pit; kona wahine maika'i, her beautiful femininity; kana wahine maika'i, his beautiful wife. kanaka: kona kanaka, his subject, servant; kana kanaka, a person chosen or appointed by him. ali'i: kona ali'i, his chief (superior); kana ali'i. the chief appointed or controlled by him. keiki: keiki o ka 'aina, child of the land; kana keiki, his child. heana: kona heana, his (own) corpse: kana heana, his victim. Person

Singular

1

ku'u, ko'u,

2 3

ko, kou, kau kona, kana

ka'u

—

iwi: kona iwi, his (personal) bone; kana iwi, his bone [as a chicken bone on his plate]. leo: kona leo, his voice, command; kana leo, his tune (composed by him). (For. 5:235.) 'ai: kona 'ai 'ana, his eating; kana 'ai, his food. make: kona make, his own death; kana make, his murder of someone else. lei: kona lei, the lei he wears; kana lei, the lei he has to give away or sell but does not wear. (The same distinction may be made for any garment.) ki'i: kona ki'i, a picture of him; kana ki'i, a picture by him or belonging to him. mele: kona mele, song in his honor; kana mele, song by him. kahi: kahi o na ali'i. place of the chiefs, as a hereditary place; kahi a na ali'i e he'e nalu ai, place where the chiefs surf, but not belonging to them. Possessives may be classified according to the initial letter as &-class, n-class, and zero-class possessives. T h e Jt-class forms all begin with the same initial k- that introduces the it-class demonstratives listed in the previous section. Those in addition to ko and ka are shown in the table at the bottom of this page.* Analysis of this table reveals the following: (1) T h e dual and plural forms consist of the pronouns preceded by ko or ka. (2) T h e markers of alienability (o, a) occur in every form except the first and second person singular; ku'u and ko are nonspecific and may substitute freely for the o and a forms; ku'u, my, occurs as a common substitute for both ko'u and ka'u. Positions of the k-class possessives. Commonly they occupy three positions: (1) Position I I (see the diagram in section 4.5) immediately before a substantive, in which position they are translated by English possessive adjectives: kana keiki, his child; ko laua hale, their house; kana mau keiki, his children; ko laua mau hale, their houses; ko ke ali'i hale, the chief's house; ka Pua keiki, Pua's child. (2) Position I V as predicate complements following a substantive introduced by he: he keiki kana, he has a child; he mau keiki kana, he has children; he keiki ka Pua, Pua has a child. (3) Position I as verbs at the beginning of an utterance: kana, fit is] his; kana ke keiki, the child is his; kana na keiki, the children are his. N-class possessives. These are the same as the it-class possessives, except that initial n- replaces every initial k-, and that nonspecific forms (such as ku'u and ko) are lacking. (Also, there is usually no added length in nana.) In general no- means "for, in honor of, belonging to (inalienable object), from (a place)," and na- means " b y , belonging to (alienable o b j e c t ) . " An n-form may replace every Jt-form in (2) and (3) of the precedDual

ko kaua, ka kaua (inclusive) ko maua, ka ma.ua (exclusive) ko 'olua, ka 'olua ko laua, ka laua

Plural ko kakou, ka kakou (inclusive) ko makou, ka makou (exclusive) ko 'oukou, ka 'oukou ko lakou, ka lakou

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i n g p a r a g r a p h . He ka'a nona, i t is a c a r f o r h i m . He moa nana, i t is a c h i c k e n f o r h i m . Nona ka mele, i t is a s o n g i n h i s h o n o r . Nana ka mele, i t is a s o n g b y h i m . No'u kela, t h a t ( i n a l i e n a b l e o b j e c t ) is f o r m e ; g i v e m e t h a t . Na'u kela, t h a t ( a l i e n a b l e o b j e c t ) is f o r m e ; g i v e m e t h a t . No Maui ke ali'i, t h e c h i e f is f r o m ( o r f o r ) M a u i . Zero-class possessives. These are the same as the n - c l a s s p o s s e s s i v e s , e x c e p t t h a t i n i t i a l n- is l a c k i n g a n d ana h a s a m a c r o n . T h e z e r o - c l a s s p o s s e s s i v e s a r e u s e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g p o s i t i o n s : (1) I n position I I before the modified word a n d after n u m e r a l s ( i n c l u d i n g 'ehia) a n d n e g a t i v e s . 'Elua ana keiki, h e h a s t w o c h i l d r e n . Ho'okahi no o ma.ua ewe, w e a r e of t h e s a m e l i n e a g e ( l i t e r a l l y , o n e i n d e e d of o u r l i n e a g e ) . 'Ehia ou papale? How m a n y h a t s h a v e y o u ? ( C o m p a r e : ' E h i a o kou papale? H o w m u c h [did y o u p a y ] f o r y o u r h a t ? ) 'A'ohe ana keiki, h e h a s n o c h i l d r e n . (2) I n p o s i tion II before t h e modified word as an indication of p l u r a l i t y . Ou po'e hoa'aina (For. 4:203), y o u r t e n a n t s . T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n is n o t c o m m o n . (3) A f t e r t h e m o d i f i e d w o r d if a fc-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e o r t h e p a r t i c l e na p r e c e d e s t h e w o r d . Ka hale o ke ali'i, t h e h o u s e of t h e c h i e f . Keia keiki ana, t h i s c h i l d of his. Na keiki o ka 'aina, t h e c h i l d r e n of t h e l a n d . (4) A f t e r wahi, t o s a y . Wahi a ke ali'i, t h e c h i e f s a i d . (5) A f t e r t h e w o r d s e x p r e s s i n g direction or place listed in section 3.3 as not t a k i n g ¡¿-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s . I mua ona, i n f r o n t of h i m . I loko o ka hale, i n s i d e t h e h o u s e . T h e p l a c e w o r d m a y b e i m p l i e d o n l y : e hcle aku i ou la, g o t o y o u . (6) B e f o r e t h e s e w o r d s if t h e y a r e u s e d a s q u a l i f i e r s of a p r e c e d i n g m o d i f i e d w o r d . Ua nani o waho, t h e o u t s i d e is p r e t t y . ( C o m p a r e t h e i t - f o r m i n ua nani ko waho pua, t h e flowers of t h e o u t s i d e a r e p r e t t y . ) Ua malo'o o loko, t h e i n s i d e is d r y . 'A'ohe mea o loko, t h e r e i s n o t h i n g i n s i d e . ( N o t e t h e l a c k of a n y p o s s e s s i v e i n t h e English translation.) T h e zero-class possessive o is s o m e t i m e s rep l a c e d b y a 'o i n s o n g s . Na pali a 'o Ko'olau-loa, t h e cliffs of K o ' o l a u - l o a . O a n d a used alone m a y b e considered possessi v e p a r t i c l e s , a s m a y no a n d na. T h e s e a r e d i s c u s s e d i n s e c t i o n 4.1. Possessives are frequently o m i t t e d before body p a r t s : 'eha ke po'o, h e a d a c h e . F o r c o m m o n w o r d s a n d particles easily conf u s e d , n o t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t h e d i c t i o n a r y : ka (a c l i t i c ) , t h e ; ka ( n o t a c l i t i c ) , of ( a - f o r m ) ; ka, t o h i t ; ke ( a c l i t i c ) , t h e ; ke ( n o t a c l i t i c ) , w h e n , i f ; ki, t o c r i t i c i z e ; ko ( n o t a c l i t i c ) , of ( o - f o r m ) , y o u r ; ko, t o a c c o m p l i s h ; t o d r a g ; s u g a r c a n e ; na ( n o t a clitic), t h e (plural), b y (a-form); na, t o sigh; ma ( n o t a c l i t i c ) , a t , i n ; a n d c o m p a n y ; ma, f a d e d . 3 . 5 . N u m e r a l s . T h o s e n u m e r a l s w h i c h c o n s i s t of a single m e a n i n g f u l element ( m o r p h e m e ) include t h e n u m b e r s o n e t o t e n (.kahi, lua, kolu, ha, lima, ono, hiku, walu, iwa, 'umi), twenty (iwakalua), h u n d r e d (haneli), t h o u s a n d ( k a u k a n i ) , a n d million (miliona). Other n u m b e r s c a n be derived f r o m t h e s e b y u s e of p r e f i x e s kuma- (or kumama, t h e o l d f o r m ) , a n d kana-, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o l l o w i n g m e t h o d : 10, 'umi', 11, 'umi kumakahi: 12, 'umi kumalua-, 13, 'umi kumakolw, 14, 'umi kumaha\ 30, kanakolu-, 40, kanaha-, 50, kanalima;

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60, kanaono-, 21, iwakalua kumakahi; 32, kanakolu kumalua-, 43, kanaha kumakolu, etc. T h e n u m e r a l u s e d i n q u e s t i o n s i s -hia, " h o w m a n y . " C e r t a i n p r e f i x e s m a y p r e c e d e n u m e r a l s : 'e-, i n d i c a t o r of a c a r d i n a l n u m b e r , a s 'elua, 'ekolu, 'ehia; 'a-, i n d i c a t o r of a c a r d i n a l n u m b e r , b u t r a r e l y u s e d e x c e p t i d i o m a t i c a l l y , a s i n t h e n a m e s of t h e d a y s of t h e w e e k ( P o ' a k a h i , M o n d a y ; Po'alua, Tuesd a y ; Po'akolu, W e d n e s d a y ; PS'aha, Thursday; Po'alima, F r i d a y ; PB'aSno, S a t u r d a y ) ; pa-, a t a t i m e , a t o n c e . O l d w o r d s f o r n u m b e r s a r e lau, mano, kini, a n d lehu, m e a n i n g " a g r e a t d e a l , a m u l t i t u d e , " a n d s o m e t i m e s l i s t e d a s 400, 4 , 0 0 0 , 40,000, a n d 400,000 respectively.

3.6. I n t e r j e c t i o n s . A few of t h e common interj e c t i o n s f o l l o w : 'A! A h l Auwel Auwe noho'il O h ! G o o d n e s s ! Chal O h ! El A l a s ! 'Ea! I s n ' t t h a t so! KA.ha.ho.1 A s t o n i s h i n g ! Kahuhu! KahihiI HOTTOTS ! Ui,

hui!

Halloo!

3.7. Major Words.

Any element that can be spoken alone a n d t h a t h a s n o t been listed as a minor word, numeral, or interjection, m a y be c a l l e d a major word. T h i s l a r g e c l a s s i n c l u d e s t h e g r e a t m a j o r i t y of H a w a i i a n w o r d s , a n d n e a r l y all w o r d s t a k e n f r o m E n g l i s h i n t o H a w a i i a n . A c o u n t of t h e w o r d s a n d p a r t i c l e s ( s e c t i o n 4) i n a t a l e revealed t h a t 40 p e r c e n t were particles, 36 percent were m a j o r words, 23 percent m i n o r w o r d s , a n d 1 p e r c e n t n u m e r a l s . B u t if t h e w o r d s w e r e c o u n t e d o n l y o n t h e i r first a p p e a r a n c e , t h e relative percentages changed drastically. M a j o r w o r d s i n c r e a s e d t o 74 p e r c e n t , a n d p a r t i c l e s a n d m i n o r w o r d s d e c r e a s e d t o 14 a n d 11 p e r c e n t s . T h u s p a r t i c l e s , a n d t o a less e x t e n t m i n o r w o r d s , a r e of f r e q u e n t o c c u r r e n c e , b u t t h e i n v e n t o r y d r a w n u p o n is l i m i t e d , w h e r e a s t h e i n v e n t o r y of m a j o r w o r d s i s e n o r m o u s . S m a l l s u b c l a s s e s of m a j o r w o r d s of h i g h f r e q u e n c y of o c c u r r e n c e i n c l u d e (1) t h e ¡fc-less w o r d s l i s t e d i n 3 . 3 a s n o t b e i n g p r e c e d e d b y fc-class d e m o n s t r a t i v e s ; (2) t h e f o u r t e e n / o a ' a - t y p e w o r d s l i s t e d In s e c t i o n 4 . 1 a s b e i n g f o l l o w e d b y 'o a s a n o b j e c t m a r k e r a n d b y i (ia) a s a s u b j e c t m a r k e r ; a n d (3) c e r t a i n w o r d s of l i m i t e d d i s t r i b u t i o n t h a t a r e n o t p r e c e d e d b y s u b s t a n t i v e m a r k e r s or v e r b m a r k e r s , including aia, t h e r e is, a r e , a n d eia, h e r e is, a r e . T h e y m a y b e f o l l o w e d b y s o m e of t h e p a r t i c l e s i n p o s i t i o n s V I t o X I I . F o r e x a m p l e s see t h e d i c t i o n a r y .

i . PARTICLES T h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i z e p a r t i c l e s : (1) T h e y a r e n o t s p o k e n a l o n e a n d s o m e of t h e m a r e c l i t i c s . (2) T h e y a l w a y s m o d i f y w o r d s . (3) T h e y o c c u r i n fixed o r d e r s b o t h b e f o r e a n d a f t e r m o d i f i e d w o r d s . (4) S o m e of t h e m a c t a s m a r k e r s , i.e., t h e i r f u n c t i o n is t o i n d i c a t e w h e t h e r following modified w o r d s a r e m e m b e r s of o n e o r t h e o t h e r of t h e s y n t a c t i c s u b c l a s s e s c a l l e d substantives a n d verbs; i n t h i s t h e y d i f f e r f r o m t h e p r e f i x e s d e s c r i b e d i n s e c t i o n 5.1. (5) T h e y c o n t r a s t w i t h s u f f i x e s (5.2), w h i c h a r e i n s e p a r a b l y b o u n d t o m a j o r words. Particles m a y be separated f r o m m o d i f i e d w o r d s b y i n s e r t i o n of a d j e c t i v e s , a d verbs, and c o m p o u n d - m e m b e r s . T h e diagram in s e c t i o n 4 . 5 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e p o s i t i o n s of t h e p a r t i c l e s . X X

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G r a m m a r

4.1. S u b s t a n t i v e M a r k e r s of Case. Major word» and minor words are identified as belonging tio the syntactic subclass known as s u b s t a n t t i v e s by their occurrence after certain particles which indicate case and plurality. The mutu;ally exclusive case markers will be discussed first. They always occur at the beginning of phrasies in position I. 'o, ;a clitic subject marker. This particle is commonly used before the third person singular pronoun ia, the interrogative wai, and names of people. Ua hele 'oia, he went. 'O Pua kona inoa, her mame is Pua. 'Oia, 'owau, and 'owai are frequently written as single words. i a n d ia, to, at, in, by, on, because of, by means of, duie to, if, while, then, as soon as; also as markers of direct and indirect objects. Jo is used before pronouns, the interrogative wai, names of people, and occasionally before names of places and titles of songs or stories. Elsewhere the clitic i substitutes. (To follow custom, iaia, to him, and ia'u [from ia a'u], to me, are written as single words.) 'Ike an i ke kanaka, I see the person. lIke au ia-.ia, I see him. 'Ike au ia Moloka'i, I see Moloikai. Kilakila 'o Maui ia Hale-a-kala, Maui is maijestic by reason of [Mount] Hale-a-kala. Iaia r\o a hala, ku ana ke ka'a, as soon as he had gone, the car left. Changing functions of 'o and i (ia): after loa'a, to get, find, and certain other words, 'o indicates the object, and i (ia) indicates the subject. (Loa'a 'oia i ka wahine, the woman found him.) Words t h a t behave in this fashion may be called l o a ' a t y p e words. They are not followed by 'ia, marker of the passive/imperative. No phonological or semantic phenomena characterize the membership in this class, which is limited in number and includes the following words, many of which are of high frequency of occurrence: 'eha, eo, hiki, hina, ku'ia, loa'a, make, maopopo, nalo, oia, pa, pau, punahele, puni. Some roots may be used with both ordinary and loa'a-type meanings, as make. If these words are preceded by t h e causative/simulative ho'o-, accompanying 'o a n d i (ia) retain their usual functions of marking subject and object respectively; ho'ola and oia may both be used transitively to mean " t o save, cure," but oia has also numerous intransitive meanings, and the translation depends on context. a, to, as far as, until, as much as. For emphasis a is replaced by 3. Hele a Maui, go clear to Maul. Aloha a nui, very much aloha. Mahalo r plaiting designs, and long and cumbersome l a m e s of a few institutions and phenomena. 5.4. R e d u p l i c a t i n g . R e d u p l i c a t i o n consists of repetition of all of a m a j o r word )r a p a r t of it. Reduplications are commonly sp>ken fast w i t h close transition between t h e m e n b e r s ; only in singing is open transition sometines heard. T h e types of reduplication will first be .isted. followed by a discussion of t h e meanings. ( f t h e following types, t h e first t w o a r e very common. T h e syllable in t h e discussion below consists of a vowel or d i p h t h o n g and precedinr consonant, if any. 1. Complete reduplication: ' ah, 'aki'aki; hoe, hoehoe; pa, papa. 2. Prefixation to t h e m a j o r word of the first syllable: 'aki. 'a'aki; ka'a. kaka'a kaka, kakaka; kea, kekea; lele, lelele; make, mamcke; nui, nunui; pi'i, pipi'i; pilikia, pipilikia; p.lo, pipilo. T h e vowel of t h e prefixed first syllabi» in this t y p e is short and stressed weakly or n>t a t all. T h i s short vowel contrasts with a long vowel of a few otherwise homophonous pairs, as kakau, reduplication of kau, to place, and kikau, to write; papa'i, reduplication of pa'i, t o s.ap, and papa'i, c r a b ; papale, reduplication of idle, t o defend, and papale, h a t . 3. Sufflxation of all b u t t h e first syllable (dhole, aholehole; 'anai, 'anainai; 'Iniki, 'inikiniki; 'opto, 'opiopio), usually with lengtheiing of a s h o r t first syllable (aloha, alohaloha; naiele, nahelehele). 4. Double prefixation of t h e i r s t syllable or t r u n c a t e d first syllable: hiki, hii.ihiki; pau, papapau. 5. Prefixation of a truncated first syllable: pailua, papailua; pau, papau. 6. Prefixation of a first s y l l a b e (usually with shortening of long vowels in t j e root) a n d a t r u n c a t e d second syllable: kala., kalakalai; nlnau, ninaninau. A glottal stop is a d d e d in alai, ala'alai. 7. Prefixation of t h e first two of t h r e e syllables, with shortening of long vowels ia t h e r o o t : nlele, nieniele; unahi, unaunahi; weleau, welewelelau. Several t y p e s of reduplicatioi exist for some words, as 'anai, 'a'anai, 'anaina'.. A prefix or suffix is not reduplicated w i t h t h e root: aholehole, 'awa'awahia, ha'Uiuli, helehelena, ho'alohaloha, holoholona, ho'omikaukau, kalele, 'onuhenuhea, 'opulepule, 'upehupehu. Some reduplicated f o r m s a r e lsed t o t h e near or total exclusion of an unreduplicated r o o t : 'ao'ao, hilahila, ikaika, ki'eki'e, kukui, lehulehu, makemake, minamina, mokomoki, momona, nahenahe, nana. By f a r t h e commonest meaning of a reduplicated f o r m is f r e q u e n t a t i v e , I n c r e a s e d , or plural a c t i o n . " Frequentative," "increased" and " p l u r a l " a r e t o be construed broadly. For

X X v i

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examiple. hoe, to paddle; hoehoe, to paddle continuously, frequently, or for along time;for many persoms to paddle. Make, death; to die; mamake, deaths everywhere, many deaths, repeated dyings. Nlnan, to question; ninaninau, to question repea-tedly, interrogate, for many persons to be askin.g questions. Niho, tooth; nihoniho, toothed, notchied, serrated. In some instances there is little difference in meaning of the reduplicated and root forms, as 'opio and 'dpiopio, both meaning " y o u n g . " Frequently it is difficult to carry over into English the subtle semantic force the reduplication conveys to the Hawaiian. A few reduplications imply diminished or lessenied, as dhole, adult stage of a species of fish (abouit six to eight inches long), and aholehole, young stage of the same fish (about two inches long):; a'ua'u, young stage of the a'u (a fish); ma'i, sick, and ma'ima'i, sickish; mana, branch, and manamana, tiny branch, finger, toe. Compare also the following with the unreduplicated roots: 1 eke'eke, ho'opapailua, lilili. A few reduplicated forms have meanings rather different from the meanings of the roots. Compare the following in the dictionary: 'dkau, makaukau; 'apo, 'a'apo; 'au, 'au'au; 'awa, 'awa'awa; hema, hemahema; ho'i, ho'iho'i; ho'okama, ho'okamakama; ho'opuni, ho'opunipuni; hula, hulahula; kea, kekea, keakea; koke, kokoke; kuli, kukuli; kuli, kulikuli; lau, laulau; lawe, laicclaive; lima, limalima; pi'i, pipi'i; wa'a, wa'awa'a, wai, waiwai; wehe, wehewehe. Reduplications of many words in the dictionary are not defined, and the reader is referred to the root. This is an indication that the reduplicated meaning is frequentative, increased, and/or plural.

5.5. Lengthening of Vowel for Emphasis.

Some words and particles (especially a) are made emphatic by the lengthening of a vowel: mahalo a nui loa, thanks very, very much; hele a Kai-lua, to go clear, clear to Kai-lua; aloha a nui loa, very, very much aloha; ke aloha no, much, much aloha; maka'u, maka'u, great fear.

5.6. Lengthening of Vowel to Form a Plural.

In certain words denoting persons the third from the last vowel is lengthened as indication of the plural: 'aumakua, 'elemakule, kahiko, kahuna, kaikamahine, kanaka, kupuna, luahine, makua, wahine.

6. SENTENCES

A s e n t e n c e is any utterance preceded and followed by fading or rising pause. A sentence may consist of a single verb. The brief and incomplete discussion here will be in two parts: order within the phrase (a word and modifying words and particles), and functions of phrases and their order within a sentence. 6.1. Order W i t h i n t h e P h r a s e . The phrase is diagrammed in section 4.5. A word will be added here about adjectives and adverbs. Hawaiian substantive plus adjective will sometimes be translated most clearly by a possessive or other type of phrase, as ha'aheo Kaimana-Hila, pride in Diamond Head; ka li'ili'i keiki, the smallness of children; he maika'i 'olelo, goodness as to

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speech. Since many major words serve equally as substantives and adjectives, word order often drastically changes meaning, sis illustrated by the following pairs: kino maika'i, fine physique, and maika'i kino, physical attractiveness; kane 'dpiopio, young man, and 'dpiopio kane, male youth; wahine maika'i, beautiful woman or wife, and maika'i wahine, female attractiveness. Examples of adverbs: he hana maika'i loa, a very good work; ua hana maika'i loa, to have worked very well. Examples of I plus I I plus stem plus V I I plus I X : i ko'u mana'o wale 'ana, just in my opinion.

6.3. Functions and Order of Phrases. Phrases

function syntactically as follows (see the diagram in section 4.5). 1. As subjects, with substantives marked by the particles 'o or nothing or e (vocative). 'O au, I. E Kama, O, Kama. 2. As predicate complements, with substantives marked by the demonstratives he or 'a'ohe. He keiki, a child. 'A'ohe keiki, no children. 3. As objects of the particles i/ia, o or a or a 'o, me, ma, mai/mai id, n-. 'Ike i ka hale, see the house. 'Ike iaia, see him. O ka hale, of the house. Me ke aloha, with aloha. Ma Maui, at Maui. Mai Maui, from Maui. No Maui, for Maui; from Maui. 4. As agents, marked by e. E a'u, by me. 5. As verbs, marked by verb markers. E hele, go. 6. As conjunctions, usually at the beginning of a sentence and usually preceded by substantive markers, including the following: a laila, there; ia manawa, at this time, then; ia wd. at this time, then; ma laila, then; no ka mea, because; no laila, therefore. Common simple orders of phrases follow: (X) Verb plus subject plus object, as hele 'oia i ka hale, he is going to the house. (2) he plus predicate complement plus subject, as he kane kana, she has a husband; he kane 'oia, he is a man. (3) Subject plus subject, as 'O Hina ka makuahine, Hina is the mother. 'Owai kou inoa? What is your name? (4) Subject plus verb, as 'a'ole au e hele, I ' m not going. Actual speech is complicated by the insertion of many object phrases, and by the repetition or elimination of elements; this is a difficult subject needing further study. Omission of particles: the particle 'o is common only before au, ia, wai, and names of people or places. The verb-marking particles ua and e are sometimes omitted in fast speech, and context determines whether hele aku 'oe is to be understood as synonymous with ua hele aku 'oe, you have gone, or, e hele aku 'oe, go away. Particles are also commonly omitted as follows: (1) A particle consisting of a vowel may fuse in fast speech with a preceding like vowel, as pili i ka mea becoming pili ka mea. (2) Particles in action-object sequences are commonly omitted, as in such sequences as haku mele, to compose songs; song composer; he'e nalu, to surf; surf rider; holo lio, to ride horseback; horseback rider. In contrast to English, order is usually from

x x v i i

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— Arrangement f a r to near, as kela mea keia mea, this and t h a t (literally, that thing this t h i n g ) ; mai 'o a ma'ane'i, f r o m here t o there (literally, f r o m there t o here).

7. QUESTIONS T h e c o m m o n i n t e r r o g a t i v e words include aha, what; hea, which, w h a t ; Ma, how m a n y ; wai, who. Hea is c o m m o n l y used as substantive or a d j e c t i v e (t hea, mahea, where; ke kanaka hea, which person; ka manawa hea, which t i m e , w h e n ) .

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Preceded by the demonstrative prefix pe-, i t m a y be a v e r b : Pehea? W h a t ? H o w ? Inahea means " w h e n , in the p a s t " and ahea means " w h e n , in the f u t u r e . " Hia, preceded by the numeral prefix 'e- m a y also be a v e r b : 'Ehia kanaka? H o w m a n y people? Wai is usually a substantive: 'Owai kou inoaf W h a t is your name? Ia wai? T o w h o m ? T h e i n t e r r o g a t i v e particle anei was discussed in section 4.5. Questions are followed by f a d i n g pause and rising pause; this matter needs further study.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE DICTIONARY T h e order of the parts of t h e entries in t h e dictionary is described below (not e v e r y e n t r y has all of these parts, h o w e v e r ) : 1. Entry. A hyphen before an entry indicates that the e n t r y does not occur initially. A hyphen after an e n t r y indicates that the entry occurs only with a f o l l o w i n g element. I n determination of alphabetical order, short vowels precede long vowels, and the glottal stop is ignored, except that a precedes 'a and kau precedes ka'u. ( E x amples: kau, kau, ka'u, -ka'u; nana, nana, nana, -nana; pau, pa'u, pa'u, pa'u.) T h e following begin with capital letters: proper names of people, places, institutions, winds, stars, months of the year, rains, days of the week and month. I f an entry is not capitalized, later numbered definitions within the entry that require capitalization are preceded by the note (Cap.). Conversely, if an entry is capitalized, later numbered definitions within the entry that do not require capitalization are preceded by the note ( N o t cap.). ( F o r examples see palani and Ka'ula.) Words (except usually ka and ke) and particles comprising the f o l l o w i n g are separated by hyphens: names of people (except K a l a k a u a ) and places; kinds of plants, fish, birds, rocks, diseases; names of stars, winds, rains, months, days of the month, lua fighting holds, tapa or plaiting designs; and long or cumbersome names of a f e w institutions or phenomena. 2. Variant spellings. T h e following t y p e s of variant spellings m a y f o l l o w the e n t r y : spellings of loan words (pailaka, pailata); spellings w i t h and without the u>-glide described in G r a m m a r 2.1 (koali, kowali); words sometimes spelled w i t h single vowels and sometimes w i t h double v o w e l s (oloolo, ololo). 3. Definitions. A definition is generally entered only once. T h u s f o r the f o l l o w i n g types of entries there will o f t e n be cross references t o the e n t r y where the definition is t o be f o u n d : reduplicated

f o r m s in less c o m m o n use than the r o o t ; roots in less c o m m o n use than t h e reduplications; passive/imperative forms; variant forms; v a r i a n t spellings; ho- or ho'o- forms. H a w a i i a n words used In Knglish definitions or translations are spelled as they are in H a w a i i a n (except the names of the H a w a i i a n Islands, W a i k i k i , and K a l a k a u a ) and are in Italics (except lei, ukulele, and proper names). Definitions of h o m o n y m s f o l l o w in numbered order according t o class ( m a j o r words, minor words, numerals, particles, i n t e r j e c t i o n s ) ; h o m o n y m s of each class are in a p p r o x i m a t e order of frequency of occurrence, except that loan words f o l l o w n a t i v e words, and semantically close words are adjoining. 4. Source references. Only certain standard works are cited, abbreviated according t o the table on page xxx. 5. Literal

meanings.

6. Restrictive labels (English, slang, rare, obsolete, Biblical, transitive, intransitive, A n drews-Parker, or the name of an island or district t o which the use of the word is confined or where i t is best k n o w n ) . 7. Variants

of the entry.

S. Cross references. " O f . " directs t h e reader t o entries t h a t m a y be related or t h a t contrast significantly, " s e e " to entries under which the definition is to be found. 9. Illustrative phrases and sentences, w i t h t h e reference (if g i v e n ) separating t h e H a w a i i a n and the English translation. T h e H a w a i i a n h a « been rewritten b y the compilers t o c o n f o r m t o the dictionary style; the English has been translated b y t h e compilers. 10. The causative/simulative form, treated as an e n t r y in its o w n right, but with h o m o n y m s lettered alphabetically. 11. Proto-Polynesian nesian reconstructions.

and Proto-Malayo-Poly(See P r e f a c e . )

PRONUNCIATION OF HAWAIIAN Consonants p, k h , 1, m , n w '

about as in English but with less aspiration. about as in English. after i and e usually like v, after u and o usually like w ; initially and after a like v or w. a glottal stop, similar t o tho sound between the oil's in English oh-oh.

Vowels Unstressed

a e

. like .like . like . like . like

o u

a in a b o v e e in bet y in c i t y o in sole oo in moon

but without off-glides.

Stressed a, & e 6 1,1 o, 0 U, O

like like like like like like

a in f a r e in bet \ ay in play I ee in see > o in sole I oo in moon/

but without off-glides; v o w e l s marked with macrons are somewhat longer than other vowels.

Rising Diphthongs el, e u , ol, o u , al, ae, a o , a u

these are always stressed on the first m e m ber, but the t w o members are not as closely joined as in English.

Stress (or Accent) On all vowels marked with macrons: 2 , 6 , I , . guttata), a l a r g e c l i m b i n g s h r u b f r o m M e x i c o , w i t h l o n g - s t e m m e d , o b l o n g leaves. T h e l a r g e , s h o w y , f r a g r a n t f l o w e r s b l o o m in w i n t e r , a r e a b o u t n i n e i n c h e s long, g o b l e t s h a p e d w i t h f i v e s h a l l o w lobes, a n d a r e yellow with five narrow purple longitudinal streaks. Lit., g o l d e n (Eng.) c o n t a i n e r . Ipu k u n i 'ala. Incense burner, censer (Nah. 16.6). Lit., c o n t a i n e r b u r n i n g f r a g r a n c e . I p u l e i . C o n t a i n e r f o r leis. i p u 16'I. F i s h h o o k c o n t a i n e r . Obs. I p u l e p o . E a r t h e n w a r e p o t , c l a y p o t , vessel of e a r t h ( O i h k . 15.12), p o t t e r ' s vessel ( H a l . 2 . 9 ) ; c h a m b e r p o t . Lit., d i r t c o n t a i n e r . I p u - m a n a l o . A v a r i e t y of g o u r d w i t h n o n b i t t e r p u l p . ( N e a l 713.) Lit., s w e e t g o u r d , i p u m i m l . C h a m b e r pot, c o n t a i n e r for urine, i p u n u l . A large container; the great bronze l a v e r i n S o l o m o n ' s t e m p l e . (2 N a l . 25.16.) I p u o e o e . S a m e a s ipu hokiokio. I p u o K a n e . Shell c o n t a i n e r of t h e hiwa g r e e n coconut used in ceremonies h o n o r i n g t h e god Kane. I p u 'Olelo. S p e a k i n g gourd, a gourd containing pebbles a n d o t h e r objects used in divination; oracle. I p u - o - L o n o . 1 . A v a r i e t y of t a r o u s e d a s o f f e r i n g to t h e gods; it m a y be qualified by t h e t e r m s kea a n d 'ula'ula. 2 . A n a g r i c u l t u r a l heiau; a heiau w h e r e c e r e m o n i e s s e e k i n g t o o b t a i n r a i n w e r e held. 3 . A g o u r d c o n t a i n e r i n w h i c h o f f e r -

—

—

i w a e n a . See waena. I w a h o . See waho. ' i w a ' i w a . 1. All m a i d e n h a i r f e r n s ( A d i a n t u m s p p . ) , f r o m w a r m r e g i o n s of t h e w o r l d , m a n y grown ornamentally. T h e stems are dark, commonly shiny, slender, wiry; t h e f r o n d s ' subd i v i s i o n s a r e f o u r - s i d e d , o b l o n g , or w e d g e s h a p e d . ( N e a l 20.) 'A'ohe i ana_ iho ko'u makemake i na 'iwa'iwa o ka ua o Ha'ao ( h u l a ) , m y d e s i r e is n o t s a t i s f i e d f o r t h e m a i d e n h a i r f e r n s i n t h e Ha'ao rain. 2. A small, highm o u n t a i n f e r n ( A s p l e n i u m adiantum nigrum), w i t h s h i n y , b r o w n s t e m s a n d t r i a n g u l a r or o v a t e , s u b d i v i d e d , stiff f r o n d s , t h e s p o r e s n u m e r o u s , o f t e n f o u n d c o v e r i n g t h e u n d e r s i d e of

97

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—

' i w a ' i w a - a - K a n e

the fronds. Known in many countries. 3. Var. name for manawahua, 2, a fern (Dryopteris decipiens), listed by Rock and Hillebrand. ( l w a ' I w a - a - K & n e . An endemic fern (Asplenium rhipidoneuron) with narrow, feather-shaped fronds, which are stiff, four to twelve inches long, dark-green, the divisions pointed and obliquely cut, their stems bearing many dark scales. ' I w a ' l w a - ' f t p i ' i p i M . T h e curly-leaved maidenhair (Adiantum tenerum var. farleyense), an ornamental fern much like the 'iwa'iwa-hauli, but the leaf subdivisions much larger, more deeply cut, fringed and overlapping. Lit., curly maidenhair. Also called 'iwa'iwa-'Aukekulalia. ' i w a - ' i w a - ' A u k e k u l a l i a . Same as 'iwa'iwa-api'ipi'i. Lit., Australian maidenhair, ' i w a ' i w a h a u l i . The fan maidenhair fern (Adiantum tenerum), with each of the last fan-shaped subdivisions split into five to ten segments, ' i w a ' l w a - h a w a i . The Venus-hair, a kind of maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris), known in many warm countries, both wild and cultivated in Hawaii. The fronds are subdivided into many small, bright-green, fan-shaped divisions, borne on slender, black stems. Also called ' i wa' i w a-kaha kati ai. ' i w a ' l w a - k a h a k a h a . Same as 'iwa'iua-hdwai. Lit., striped 'iwa'iwa. ' i w a ' l w a - l a u - l P i . A native fern (Asplenium macraei f. sphenolobium) with narrow, feathershaped fronds one to two feet long, with subdivisions of each frond lobed or scalloped. Lit., small-leafed 1 iwa'iwa. Also called 'iwa-lau-Wi. ' I w a ' l w a - l a u - n u l . An endemic fern (Tectaria gaudichaudii) with thin, triangular fronds one to four feet long, much divided into rather broad lobes. Lit., large-leafed 'iwa'iwa. Iwak&lua. Twenty. ' l w a - l a u - l i ' i . Same as ' iwa' iwa-lau-li* i, ' I w a - p u a k e a . Same as mdnCi, a fern. Maui. i w l . 1. Hone. T h e bones of the dead, considered the most cherished possession, were hidden, and hence there are many figurative expressions with iwi meaning life, old age: Na wai e ho'ola i na iwi? Who will save the bones? [Who will care for one in old age and in death?] Ma'ane'i au me 'oe a waiho na iwi, here I am with you until leaving the bones (death]. '0 'oe no ku'u iwi, a me ku'u 'i'o (Kin. 29.14), thou art my bone and my flesh. Hole hole iwi, to strip I) ones of flesh [to speak ill of one's kin]. Pili i na iwi, to wager one's bones [one's life). Many phrases and compounds with iwi_ are listed below, Kona iwi, his [own] bone. Kan a iwi, his bone [as a chicken bone he is chewing on]. Iwi koko, bloody bones [a living person]. Iwi koko 'ole, bones without blood [a dead person]. Ko iwi, your own interests, your own. Hana no i ka ko iwi, do for your own bones [take care of your own interests]. Ko ko iwi 'aina hanau, your own land of birth. 2. Shell, as of coconut, candlenut, gourd, egg, shellfish. Cf. iwi ha la. 3. Remnants, pieces, as of coral in a lime pit after lime is extracted by burning, or as pieces of broken glass. 4. Corncob. 5. Stones or earth ridge marking land boundary. 6. Long line, as of surf. 7. Midrib, as of pili grass or ti leaf, ' i w i . 1. Var. of 'i'iwi, a bird. 2. Reddish. 3. Twitching of the eye, sometimes accompanied by contraction of the mouth, iwi Jawbone. Ka iwi a o ka hoki (Lunk. 15.15), jawbone of an ass. ! w l ' a o ' a o . 1. Rib, rib bone. (2 Sam. 2.23.) 2. Assistant leader in a hula troupe. Also paepae. Iwi elelo. Hyoid bone at the base of the tongue. Lit., tongue bone.

= = _J[ ==

—

iwi hala. Hard, upper part of pandanus key. i w i hilo. Thighbone, femur, the last rib bone; poetically the very core of one's being. Konikoni ana i ka iwi hilo, throbbing to the very depths of the chest, iwl h o e h o e . Shoulder blade. Iwi h o n u a . Rock or shoal projecting on a coral reef. ( U L 61.) Lit., earth shell, iwl h o p e . Bone forming the posterior segment of the skull. Iwi h u a . Hipbone; round bone fitting into a socket. i w i i w i . High cheekbone (Kep. 67); bony. i w i ka. Ischium, seat bone; spines on a fish fin. iwl k a ' e l c . Keel, as of a ship. Iwi kala. Same as iwi ka'ele; spines on fish fins. Iwi kala kua. Spines on dorsal fins of fish. Iwi k& lalo. Spines on ventral fins of fish. i w i k a m u m u . Cartilage. i w i kanaka. Human bone or skeleton. Iwl k a n a n a . Bone of the anterior part of the skull, forming the skeleton of the forehead. Iwi k a n l . Strong bones; possessing strong bones, strength. E hana pa ha "oe a iwi kani, i kohu ai kau kaena iho (song), you should, perhaps, have strong bones to match your boasting, i w i k a n o . Preaxial bone of the forearm. I w I - k a u - I - k a u a . Name of a star and of an ancient chief of Hawaii. Iwi k c l e . Same as iwi 4*a'ele. Iwi k o k o . See iwi, 1. i w i - k o ' o . Name of a lua hold. iwlkQ. Bone of the lower leg. h v i k u a m o ' o . 1. Spine, backbone. 2. Near and trusted relative of a chief who attended to his personal needs and possessions, and executed private orders; family. Ho'i hou i ka iwikuamo'o, return to the family [as after long absence or estrangement], i w i la 4 !. Stem and midrib of a ti leaf, i w i l e i . 1. Collarbone. 2 . Measure of length from the collarbone to the tip of the middle finger with the arm extended; yard, iwi l o a . A tall bone. Fig., a tall person. I w i '0. Wishbone. i w i o l e . Kind of adze. Lit., fang bone, iwi * Ope'ape* a. T w o bones between the occipital and frontal bones forming a part of the top and sides of the cranium; parietal bone. Iwl pftuma. Breastbone, as of a fowl. Iwl p i l l . 1. Midrib of a blade of pili grass. 2. Double or united bone of arm of leg. iwi p o ' i . Kneecap. Mwl-pOiena. Same as 'i'iwi-polena, a honey creeper. i w l p o n a . Hollow bone, as the eye socket; socket at a joint into which a round end of a bone fits, iwl p o ' o . Skull, head bone. (Lunk. 9.53.) Kaiwi po'o, Calvary (partial translation of Latin calvaria, bare skull). Iwi pQhaka. Pelvic bone. I w i - p t i h l . Design on a tapa beater and 011 tap a consisting of a herringbone figure with a long ridge in the center; design in plaited hat braids, as forming the papale 'ie. Lit., eel bone, iwi pu nlu. Coconut shell. Fig., skull, i w i u l u n a . Humerus or bone of the upper arm, Lit., pillow bone. i w i u m a u m a . Breastbone, sternum.

For loan words from English beginning with For example: for June, July, see lune, Iulai; see Kepanl, kiule.

— 98

substitute i- or k for Japanese, jury,

k - . 1. M a r k e r of a f o l l o w i n g singular substantive, occurring as the initial sound in certain demonstratives (ka, ke, keia, kena, kela) and possessives (ko'u, kou, etc.). 2. Inclusiveness, only in first person dual and plural pronouns and possessives kaua, kakou. See G r a m . 3.1. k a . 1. T h e one, the person in question (usually f o l l o w e d b y i and a v e r b ) . See ka i and ke, 2. 2. O f , belonging t o (a-form possessive; see G r a m . 3.4). Ka laua, their. Ka ka haumana, belonging t o the student; of the student. 3. D e m o n s t r a t i v e clitic indicating that a singular substantive follows, ka is replaced b y ke before words beginning with a-, e-> oand k-, and before some words beginning with the glottal stop and p-. See Gram. 3.3. Ka is usually translated " t h e , " except t h a t i t is not translated before English mass nouns or status titles, ka,. 1. T o hit, strike, hack, thrust, toss, fling, hurl, dash, especially with a quick hard stroke; t o bail water, as f r o m a canoe; t o clean, as weeds or mud f r o m a p o n d ; t o fling the arms or swing t h e m while walking; t o make net meshes; t o k n i t ; t o fish with a pole; t o turn the soil; t o turn a rope f o r children t o j u m p ; to r e m o v e , as a cataract f r o m the e y e with the edge of a blade of kukae-pua'a grass; t o snare, as birds; t o curse (especially if used w i t h Hno\ cf. kamalu). Ka i ka hoe, t o pull o n a paddle with all one's strength. Ka make loa, t o dash t o death, hurl down, as a f o e in lua f i g h t i n g ; t o doom to death. Ka i ka 'ino, t o curse, d o evil to. Ka i ka nele loa, t o t a k e a w a y e v e r y t h i n g ,

utterly deprive, t o be without. Limu ka kanaka o Manu'akepa, the man-striking moss of M a n u 'akepa [name of a famous slippery alga growing on t h e beach at Hanalei, Kauai). Ka makau, to m a k e a fishhook of bone or other material. Ka kehau, t o rub tapa on grass or shrubbery t o absorb the dew as a means of gathering moisture in arid places such as K a ' u . Ka ko'i, t o m a k e adzes. Ka liliko, t o burn, sear. F o r ka i ka waha see waha. h o ' o k a . T o dash down, shatter, break, strike. ( P P N la, probably P M P Tak.) 2. Canoe bailer. 3. Heater; knee-drum beater made of dried ti leaves or braided fiber. 4. Cross-stitching. 5. Vine, as of sweet p o t a t o ; to send o u t a vine, to vine, t o grow into a vine. Cf. hikaka, kahihi. Ua ka na 'uala a kakou, our sweet potatoes have g r o w n into vines. 6. R o o t cutting, as of breadfruit; to send f o r t h shoots. 7. A pelvic bone or arch. (For. 4:287.) 8. I n coming, of a current (au). 9. Container, hanger. C f . ka ipu, ka paka, ka 'umeke. 10. E x c l a m a t i o n of mild disapproval, or surprise. Oh! So! G o o d ness! So that's it! I s t h a t so! ( I f spoken alone i t is frequently pronounced Cha! or Sah!) 'O 'oe ka! So it's y o u ! 'Oia ka! Is that i t ! Eia a'e no ka! Still here! 'O ka makou ka kau mea i mana'o ai ( F o r . 4.297), so ours is w h a t you wanted. 11. Czar. Eng. 1 2 . Also ta. T a r . Eng. ka,-. A c o m m o n prefix with meaning similar t o t h a t of the causative/simulative ho'o-. C f . kahinu, kako'o, kawili, etc. k a ' a . 1. T o roll, turn, twist, wind, braid, r e v o l v e ; to wield, as a club; rolling, twisting, turning,

—

k a ' a

k a ' a k a ' a . 1. T o open, as the eyes; open, watching. E noho 'oe e ka'aka'a i ka hale, stay and watch the house. E ka Haku e, i ka'aka'a ko'u mau maka ( M a r . 10.51), Lord, that 1 might receive sight. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a star or constellation, said to be on the border of the M i l k y W a y . ( K L line 1865.) 3. Rare variant of ko'a, coral head, fishing grounds, -ka'aka'a. ( W i t h ho'o-) ho'oka'aka'a. To cause to roll repeatedly. Also ho'okaka'a. k a ' a k a ' a h l k l . A c t i v e l y and gainfully employed, successful; to make progress. Hare. k a ' a k a ' a - l A ' a u . Same as hi'u-wiwi, an 'ahi, a fish. k a ' a k a ' a l a l o . Redup. of ka'alalo. ( K e p . 101.) k a ' a k a ' a l a w a . T o have enough, especially of material goods. Ka'aka'alawa ka papa e pa'a ai ka hale, there is ample lumber to complete the house. k a ' a k a ' a l i n a . Tough, stringy, as of banana

sloping. Pu'u ka'a, sloping, rolling hill. Ka'a i ka lepo, to wallow in the mud or dirt. Ka'a ka lolo, the brain spins; dizziness; perturbation; Jig., destitution, poverty. Ka'a pa'akai, t o roll in salt, h o ' o k a ' a . T o cause a rolling, turning; to d r i v e back an enemy (For. 5:45). 2. Vehicle, carriage, wagon, automobile, car. JJku ka'a, carfare; transportation charge. 3. T o go past, pass by, reach; to be in a state of; to be located at; t o take effect, as medicine; gone, absent, past, turned over, transferred, delivered. Ka'a loa lakou i waena o ka waha o ua mo'o nei (For. 5:413), they went straight into the middle of the mouth of this lizard. Ua ka'a 'oia i ka ma'i, he is confined with illness. Ka'a iho no a ka'a iho no i ka ma'i, sick again and again. Ka'a i ka lawa, it's enough, sufficient. He mau la e ka'a a'e, several days gone by. Ka'a ka pilikia mahope, the trouble is gone. 4. T o p a y ; paid. Ua ka'a ku'u 'ai'e, m y debt is paid, n o ' o k a ' a . T o pay a debt, ilo'oka'a hapa, partial payment. 5. T o manage, run, be in charge of; given, as work to a person; well versed, skilled (see koa ka'a kaua, 'ike ka'a kaua). Ka po'e i ka'a aku ka malama 'ana i na mea ana ua, the people charged with taking care of the rain instruments. Ua ka'a ka hana ia 'oe, the w ork_ has passed on to you. 6. licsin. Cf. huka'a, la'auka'a. 7. T o wipe dry with a cloth, as dishes. Ka'u, Hawaii. 8. Pulley. 9. See hoana ka'a. 10. Tale, legend (now replaced by ka'ao). k a ' a . Thread, line, as of olond fiber; snell of a flshline, snood; ply, twist, strand. Cf. ka'a kolu, ka'a lua. k a ' a a h i . Train; locomotive engine. Lit., fire wagon. K a ' a ' e l . Star appearing in the M a h o e nights of the moon. k a ' a - ' e - n a - a l i ' I . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting, k & ' a h a . Stick or rod with leaves and tapa at one end, held by Ule priest while sacrificing in tho temple. k a ' a h a ' a h a . T o grow thriftily, of plants. k a ' a h a l e . Trailer, house on wheels. k a ' a h a l l ' o h u a . Tassenger conveyance. Lit., vehicle carrying passengers, k a ' a h a l l u k a n a . Freight (ukana) conveyance, k a ' a h a p a ' u m l . Horse-drawn trolley car. Lit., five-cent vehicle. k a ' a h S . Feeble, near death; to labor for breath. Cf. -naku. - k a ' a h e a . ( W i t h / » / « - ) h o ' o k a ' a h e a . T o soothe, k a ' a h e h l w S w a e . Bicycle, tricycle. Lit., vehicle press feet. k a ' a h e l e . T o make a tour, travel about; a tour; in turns. Kahuna pule ka'ahele, traveling preacher. Heluhelu ka'ahele, to read in turn. Ua ka'ahele au a puni ke kaona, I have gone all around the town, k a ' a h i . Short for ka'aahi. k a ' a h i l i . T o struggle; to pant, as f o r breath. Ua ka'ahili mauli'awa, struggling, gasping, k a ' a h i n a . T o fall down and roll. k a ' a h O k a i . T o mix up, disturb. Cf. hokai. k a ' a h o l o . T o speed ahead, run. k a ' a h o p e . Arrears in a p a y m e n t ; to pass by. k a ' a h u l l a l u a . A n y two-wheeled vehicle, as cart or buggy, k a ' a h u k l . Handcart. Lit., pull vehicle, k a ' a l . 1. Sash, belt, girdle of any kind; sennit container f o r the remains of a chief, with the skull in the upper part, the body bones in the lower; protective cloth wrapped around an object; to bind, tie round, encircle, gird on; to put on, as armor or a mourning garment. Variants are ka'ei, kahei. Akua ka'ai, image carved on a tall spearlike stick. Ho'i 'o Keawe, ku i ke ka'ai (saying), K e a w e returns, his remains bound in the sennit container. 2. T o dig food crops, as taro, sweet potatoes, k a ' a k a . Fellow, chap, person. Slang.

—

—

trees; viscid, gluey, k a ' a k a ' a n a . Redup. of ka'ana. k a ' a k a ' a w l l i . Redup. of ka'awili. h o ' o k a ' a k a ' a n l l l . Redup. of ho" oka'aw Hi. Jlo'oka'aka'awili ihola 'oia no kona 'eha'eha, he writhed much in his pain,

ka'a ka lolo. See ka'a, 1.

k a ' a k a u a . 1. Skilled in warfare; war maneuvers. 2. War tank; war chariot. (1'uk. 11.25.) k a ' a k e p a . Diagonal, cut at an angle; to avoid, shy away from, take a short cut. No laila r ka'akepa nei. 'e'ena i ka pili kepau (liula song), that's the reason for being so shy, fearful of the sticky gum. k a ' a k l n a l a h l . Fire engine. Lit., vehicle extinguish fire, k a ' a kolll. Three-stranded; threefold, k a ' a k o ' o . T o belt./..' pono e kaako'o i ka lulc ma ke kino me ke ka'ei, the garment should be belted on the body with a belt, k a ' a k u a . Violent dizziness; to lie down or lean back in pain, to roll over backwards. Ka'akua ka lani, ho'iloli ka honua (chant for K a m a m a l u ) , heaven leans back in pain, earth is in travail, k a ' a k u k u a . Redup. of ka'akua. k a ' a k Q m a k e n a . Period of mourning, especially wailing in grief; to mourn and wail, k a ' a k u m u . Dull, of tools, k a ' a k u p a p a ' u . Hearse. k a ' a l a . 1. Same as mo'o-'ala, a lizard. 2. Hlind (used with maka). Obs. kfi'ala. A n 'opihi, a limpet. k&'alS. Sling; to hurl stones with a sling. He nui ka po'e i a'o i ke ka'ala, many persons learned to use a sling, k a ' a l a ' a . R a r e var. of ka'ala'ala. k a ' a l a ' a l a . Vigorous, sturdy, healthy, as of an infant or young animal, k a ' a l a ' a u . T o wield a war club, k a ' a l a l o . T o sail to leeward. Fig., full of lies underhanded, deceitful. Cf. ka'aka'alalo. k a ' a l a n i . Those about a chief; members of the royal court. Honi na kini i ka makani Pa'ala'a, he hanu no ke ka'alani e (chant f o r Kamehameha I ) , the multitude smell the Pa'ala'a breeze, a breath of air for those about the chief, k a ' a l a u . Same as hukilau. k a ' a l a u n l u . Coconut-leaf thatching. 'O ka hana ho'i a na ali'i wahine 'o ka ulana i ka'a lau niu hale no ke ali'i, the work the chiefesses did was to plait coconut thatching f o r the house of the chief, k a ' a l a w e m a ' i . Ambulance, k a ' a l e l e . T o sway, reel; to fly or soar, as birds, k a ' a l e l e w a . Redup. and intensifier of ka'alewa. Na ao ka'alelewa (1 Tes. 4.17), floating clouds, k a ' a l e o . T o speak loudly. k a ' a l e w a . 1. T o revolve. 2. T o drift. Cf. kalewa.

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k a ' a w a

k a ' a l i a . Passive/imperative of ka'a, 1, 3, >t, o. Rare, h o ' o k a ' a l i a . Passive/imperative of ho'oka'a. JJo'oka'alia mai ke alo o ka moku ia'u nei ( K e p . 184), let the front of the island be turned toward me.

k & ' a o ' a o . N a m e for a garden patch. k a ' a ' 6 h u a . Vehicle carrying passengers for hire, as bus, taxi, stagecoach, k a ' a o k l . T o finish or complete, as a canoe; to oki. put on the last touches. Cf. ka'oko'a, Ka'aoki iho 'oe i kahi pu niu a ha'awi mai, finish the work on the coconut shell and give it to me. k a ' a ' o k o ' a . 1. Var. of ka'oko'a. Ka'a'oko'a no kona mana'o, his thinking is independent, h o ' o k a ' a ' o k o ' a . T o separate, set apart, abstain f r o m . '0 ka mea ho'oka'a'oko'a i ka la'au hahau, 'oia ke aloha 'ole i kana keiki (Sol. 13.24), he who spares the rod has no love for his son. 2. Entirely paid, as a debt, k a ' a ' o k o m o p i l a ( o t o m o b l l a ) . Automobile. Lit., automobile {Eng.) vehicle. K a ' a o n a . 1. N a m e of a month. ( M a l o 33-34.) 2. {Not cap.) Red or reddish-brown, due to being smoked, especially of fish, or of the stem of sugar-cane tassel to be used in a dart. 3. {Not cap.) A t t r a c t i v e , of a child (children born in the month of Ka'aona were thought to be attractive and lovable). Cf. pua ka'aona. 4. N a m e of a star. ( K L line 1881.) k a ' a ' o w c . T o roll along with a rustling sound {'owe). Fig., a person with no property or means of support. k a ' a p d . T o toss f r o m side to side, as a restless child in bed; in spasms. Eia ku'u hanu la ke ka'apa wale nei no i ka houpo, hen» is my breath, panting within the chest, k a ' & p a h l l . T o cut off squarely or crosswise {ka, strike, and 'apahu, cut oif short), k a ' a p a h u . Pushcart. k a ' a p a i k i k a l a . liicycle. Lit., bicycle {Eng.) vehicle. k a ' a - p a l a o a . Same as kauili palaoa. k a ' a p a u a h i . Fire engine. Also ka'a wai. k a ' a p e . Servile, humble, fawning, cringing, k&'ape. Headstrong, willful, obstinate (perhaps related to the 'ape plant which holds its leaves upright). k f t ' a p e ' a p e . 1. Same as 'ahina-kuahiwi, a fern. 2. A n inedible seaweed. 3. Same as ka'ape'apeha. k a ' a p e ' a p e h f t . A deep-sea fish said to resemble the moano. k a ' a p e h a . 1. Large mass of clouds; impressively big. large, even corpulent in a distinguished manner; influential and important. 2. T o spread wings or tail feathers. (For. G:381.) 3. T o fold over, as a bundle. (For. 6:381.) k a ' a p e h a . Castor bean, more commonly known as koli or pa'aila. k a ' a p i ' o . Hack (carriage). Lit., bent vehicle, so called because of t he top, k a ' a p o l a . T a b o o night in the ruling chief's heiau during October, k a ' a p O n i u n i u . Ferris wheel. Also huila pdniuniu.

k a a l l ' i . Ceremonial throwing of spears at a high chief returning f r o m a v o y a g e ; he dodges or catches the spears to show his courage and skill; to hurl thus. k a ' a l l n a . T o bruise; to pelt, as rain. Cf. 'alina. k a ' a lio. Horse-drawn vehicle, wagon, carriage, k a ' a l o . T o pass by, go by. Cf. ma'alo. h o ' o k S ' a l o . T o pass to and fro, to cause to pass, k a ' a l o ' a l o . Iledup. of ka'alo. k a ' a l o h i . Same as ka'ulolohi. k a ' a l o k u l o k u . Intrepid, fearless, as of one unafraid to brave the elements; bravery. (For. 5:353.) Cf. loku. K a ' a - l o l o . N a m e of a star, said to be tile tutelarystar of Niihau. k a ' u l o l o h i . Slow-moving, slow to anger. Ku i ka 'ena o ka lani nei ali i, 'o ka luni ka'ulolohi, ka'a ka lani (chant for Kamehameha 1), this chief is filled with regal f u r y , the chief usually slow to anger, the way [lit., rolling] of a chief, k a ' a l u a . T w o - p l y , two-stranded, k a ' a l u n a . T o sail against the wind. Fig., to dominate; overbearing. Cf. ka'alalo. k a ' a m a h u . Steam-propelled vehicle, k a ' a m a ' i . Siege of sickness; a long or chronic illness. Lo'ihi ke ka'a ma'i 'ana, the siege of sickness was long. k a ' a m a l a l o . T o fall in station, to serve others, to roll beneath, k a ' a m a l o ' o . T o wipe dry, as dishes with a cloth, k a ' a m a l u n a . T o rise in station, to come up f r o m under; to rule others, k a ' a m e a . T o change, as the wind or an idea. Obs. k a ' a m e h a ' l . Var. of kameha'i. k a ' a m o e n a . Bedridden. Obs. k a ' a n i o l a . T o turn around loosely, as a screw or peg that does not fit; loose, unsteady, k a ' a n a . A rolling, as of stones, k a ' a n a . 1. T o divide, share, apportion, h o ' o k i l ' a n a . T o d i v i d e equally among, share. 2. T o decoy, especially to attract uhu fish with a live uhu d e c o y ; to proselyte. Ke po'ai haele nei 'oukou i ke kui a me ka 'aina, i ka'ana mai ai na 'oukou kekahi haumana ( M a t . 23:15), you encompass the seas and lands to make one proselyte; lit., so one pupil is decoyed by you. k i i ' a n a ' a i i a . Constipation. Obs. Cf. 'ana'ana. k a ' f t n a u i ' a u . Same as ahupua'a, the altar marking the land division. Oahu. Obs. k a ' a n e . Strangling cord. k a ' a n e ' i . N o t (used idiomatically). lie lio ka'ane'i, he pipi, that's not a horse, that's a cow. k a ' a n e m a . Same as nemanema. k a ' a n e m o . Smooth, rounded, as seeds. ( K e p . 15!).) k a ' a n i a u . T o m o v e or walk quietly, k a ' a n l ' a u . Freed, as of a taboo, k a ' a n l n i . T o writhe, squirm, as a fidgety child or one in a tantrum; to run after in agitation; to go round and round, as a dog greeting a friend. Cf. niniu, spin, k a ' a n l n i a u . Var. of ka'anini. Ua ka'aniniau i ka wai, whirling in the water, k a ' a n u ' a . A i l elevated place; sleeping place in a grass house. k a ' a o . Legend, tale, usually fanciful; fiction; to tell a fanciful tale, k a ' a o . 1» R i p e , of pandanus fruit; ripe pandanus. Cf. puhalu, 1. 2. T o blow in gusts or spurts with frequent lulls. ( A P . )

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k a ' a p u n i . 1. T o make a tour, go around, travel. Kekimala ka'apuni, circulating decimal. 'Aha ka'apuni, circuit court. Ua hele maua i ke ka'apuni honua, we went on a tour around the world, 2. T h e hula step now called "around the island": the dancer pivots on the ball of one foot in a complete circle; the other f o o t takes four or more steps t o complete the circuit; to do this step. k a ' a u . 1. F o r t y . 2. {Cap.) A fine rain in Kohala, Hawaii. - k & ' a u . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k a ' a u . W i t t y , clever, entertaining, humorous; to pass the time pleasantly; entertaining time. Ilo'oka'au 'ana, time spent pleasantly, k a ' a u ' a u p u ' u . Hard, mottled stone, as used for 'ulu maika stones. Obs. k a ' a u i l a . Streetcar, electric bus, electric vehicle, k & ' a w a . L a r g e bowl in which k a v a is mixed and strained (short f o r kanoa 'awa).

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ka'a

k a ' a wai. 1. Vehicle carrying water. 2. Fire engine. ka'awale. Separate, free, different, a p a r t , spare, alone, unoccupied, e m p t y ; to separate; free time, o p p o r t u n i t y ; to t a k e interval (military c o m m a n d ) ; distance separating places or objects. Manaica ka'awale, spare or free time. 'Eono mile ke ka'awale, six miles away. Ku ka'awale, to stand apart, entirely different; independent. 'A'ohe wahi ka'awale o keia pahu, there's no room left in this box. 'A'ohe wahi ka'awale o keia keiki i ka makua kane, this boy is the exact image of his f a t h e r [nothing independent or different]. Mawaena o laua, 'ewalu anana ke ka'awale (For. 4:207), eight f a t h o m s distance between the two. h o ' o k a ' a w a l e . To separate, distinguish (1 Nal. 3.9); to cause a division: to keep a distance or distinction; to establish as a separate entity; to set aside, appropriate. Ma'i-ho'oka'awale, leprosy. Ho'okaawale i ka pu'u kala, to appropriate a sum of money. k a ' a wale. To turn or roll freely, independently, or without control, k a ' a w e . To tie anything tightly around the neck, to choke, strangle, hang; necktie. Ua ka'awe 'oia a make, he hanged himself until dead. Ka'awe 'a'l, name of the manu-lele sugar cane when prayed over in hana aloha, love-making sorcery, to induce an absent person to fall in love; cf. manu-lele. k a ' a w e ' a w e . Redup. of ka'awe-, choking, strangling sensation. K a ' a - w e l a . N a m e of a planet, probably Venus or Jupiter. (KL line 1851.) k a ' a w e l e k a . To repeat, do over and over. Ke ka'aweleka nei no ia mea kahiko i loko o makou, this old thing is still being mulled over within us. ka'awlli. To turn, twist, writhe as i n p a i n ; to knead, as bread (Ier. 7.18). Cf. paka'awili. h o ' o k a ' a w i l l . To cause pain (Ier. 4.19); to torture; to cause to twist or writhe; to fondle or pet in ardent love-making, ka'awlli la'au. 1. Lathe. 2. Apothecary. (Puk. 37.29.) More commonly kawili la'au. kae. 1. Refuse; refuse from fibers, as of olona', raw bast and refuse of the wauke plant after soaking. 2. Treated with contempt, scorn. Ke kae 'ia o ka inoa, contempt shown the name, h o ' o k a e . To despise, treat with contempt or scorn; destroy, devastate (Oihk. 26.31). Ho'okae'ili, race prejudice, k a ' e . 1. Brink, border, brim, curb, edge; toothless gums; projecting brow of a hill. Cf. ka'eka'e, hakaka'e. He ka'e wale no, only gums and no teeth. 'A'ole o ka'e mai, without limits [same as 'a'ole okana mai; see okana]. 2. To sulk, fuss; sullen, cross. 3. To smudge, dab, besmear. hOka'e, h o ' o k a ' e . To daub, smudge, soil, smear. Cf. hauka'e. Hoka'e a'ela ku'u pepa i ka 'inika, my paper is smeared by ink. k a e a . 1. Cessation or lack of appetite or desire. 'A'ole kahe mai 'o ka waimaka, 'o ke kaea pu wale a'ela no ia (Laie 523), t h e tears do not flow, the desire was just gone. 2. Tired. Eng. ka'e'a. Same as ka'e'a'e'a. ka'e'a'e'a. Expert, hero. lie ka'e'a'e'a pulu 'ole no ka he'e nalu, an expert on the surfboard does not get wet. ka'e'e. Hard, stiff, not soft or pliable; dried up, withered as by heat; evaporated. He wahi wai 'a'ohe i ka'e'e i ka la, a little water not evaporated by t h e sun. ka'e'e. 1. A sea bean (Mucuna gigantea), native from southeast Asia, east into Polynesia, a highgrowing vine, bearing greenish flowers and large pods, each pod containing two to four round and flattened seeds, black-spotted or brown. In Hawaii, the seeds, known as peka'a, are found on t h e beaches, and are used medicinally for their strong purgative effect and are also strung for leis. (Neal 404.) 2. Hand net hanging on an ellipsoidal wooden f r a m e with one end pointed, used for 'ohua and other inshore fish; to use this —

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wai net or a skirt of a dress in this type of fishing; to strain, as through a strainer. ka'e'6. Joyful, glad, hospitable, friendly. Same as a'a, 2. ka'e'e'e. Var. of ka'e'e, 1. ka'e'C'e. Redup. of ka'e'e; very joyful, glad, etc. Ka'e'ele. Rare var. of Ka'ele, 2. a wind. ka-'Sheil. N a m e of a hold in lua fighting. Lit., wing stroke. k a e h u . Rare var. of kaiehu. ka'el. Var. of ka'ai\ rubber ring for bobbin winder of a sewing machine. Ka'ei kapu o Liloa, the sacred cordon of Liloa [a famous belt now in t h e Bishop Museum; it consists of feathers fastened to a band of fine netting and weighted at both ends with h u m a n and fish teeth],

ka'el papale. Hatband,

ka'el po'o. Diadem, turban, ka'eka. Entangled, confused, twisted. Wili ka_'eka ke aho, the line is tangled. Hihi ka'eka, obscure confusion, tangle, k a e k a c . 1. Smooth, polished, perfect, as a new canoe without knots or knobs; young, attractive, plump, desirable, as of a woman; tasty, mellow, soft, as of sweet potatoes; to r u b smooth, polish, finish. Cf. mokaekae. Kaekae ke olona, the olona fibers are perfectly cleaned. Kaekae ka 'umeke, the wooden bowl is smoothly polished. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a star. ka'eka'e. 1. Same as ka'e, 1. 2. Redup. of ka'e, 3. hOka'eka'e, h o ' o k a ' e k a ' e . Redup. of ho'oka'e. Mai ho'oka'eka'e wale 'oe i ka paia, d o n ' t stain the wall. kaekaea. Passive/imperative of kaekae, 1. Rare. k a ' e k e . Same as kd'eke'eke. k a ' e k e ' e k e . Bamboo pipes, varying in length from one to several feet; usually with one end open. A player held one vertically in each hand tapping down on a mat or on the ground. The tone varied according to the size of the tubeSeveral musicians might play at once^ (UL 143144 :_also_Roberts.) Also called 'ohe ka'eke'eke or pahupahu. ka'ekeloi, k a ' e k e ' e k e l o l . Same as ka'eleloi. ka'eko. Peeved, offended, k a e l a . Rare var. of kaola. ka'ele. 1. E m p t y and hollow, as of a bowl, poi board, drum, canoe hull; hull; inside bottom as of a calabash or poi board. Also 'ele. Ka'ele papa, dug-in poi board, fori ka'ele, keel. Alehe ka'ele papa_ la Ililo, i lalo ka noho, ka'ele wale Hilo i ke alai 'ia e ka ua (UL 60), like a poi board Hilo, dwelling below, darkened Hilo by the blocking rain. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind of Ka-lele-wa'a, Molokai. (For. 5:101.) ka'ele. 1. Darkened; cf. 'ele, black. (For example see ka'ele, 1.) 2. Numerous. Ka'ele ho'i kanaka o keia wahi! So many people in t h a t place! 3. Slow, delaying. Ka'ele noho'i ko 'oukou hele 'ana mai, how slowly you came. 4. A seaweed, ka'eleloi. Roll, ruffle, as of a drum. K a ' e l e - l o l i . N a m e of a rain a t Makiki, Oahu. K a ' e l o . 1. N a m e of a wet month. Cf. 'elo, saturated. 'O Ka'elo ka malama, kapule ke kolea (saying), Ka'elo is the month, the plovers are fat. 2. N a m e of a star, possibly Betelgeuse. k a e n a . To boast, brag, glorify, praise; boastful, conceited, proud. No ko'u 'ike i ka maika'i, ko'u mea no ia i 'olelo kaena ai (saying), as for my knowledge of beauty, t h a t ' s something I brag about, k a ' e o . Resentful, peeved, indignant, k a ' e o . 1. Full, as a food calabash. Fig., full of knowledge. 2. Strong, zealous. 3. Hair gathered in a t o p k n o t on the head, as by priests in ceremonies. (For. 6:401.) ka'eo'eo. Redup. of ka'eo, and ka'eo. k a ' e o - l a u . A variety of taro. —

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k a h a u

k a ' e o - n u i . A variety of taro. k a ' e p a ' a . Selvage of cloth. Lit., solid edge, k & ' e u ' e u . Helpful, co-operative; joyous, active;

larger, bigger. Cf. 'eu. h o ' o k a ' e u ' e u , hOka-

' e u ' e u . T o cncourage and bestir to action, k a ' e - u m u . A variety of sweet potato, k a h a . 1. T o scratch, mark, draw, cut, cut open or slice lengthwise, as fish or animals; to operate, as on the sick; to give a grade or mark to; to engrave; a line in m a t h e m a t i c s ; punctuation m a r k ; stripe, as in the flag or of enlisted men in the Armed Forces; a grade, as in school; long striped cloth. See kaha ki'i. He hana kaha ea, deprivation of livelihood; lit., life-cutting activity. He aha ko'u kaha? W h a t was my grade? h o ' o k a h a . Causative/simulative. 2 . Place [today usually followed by a qualifier, as kahakai, kahaone, kahawai] often used without ke, as hele i kahakai, go to the beach; in legends, a hot, dry shore ( P H 74, 84; For. 4:231).] O keia ka mea ulu o ko'u kaha, this is what grows on my place. 3 . T o swoop, as a kite; to be poised, soar, as a bird (less used than kikaha)\ to go by, pass by; to turn and go on; to surf, body surf (For. 4 : 2 1 3 ) . Kaha ka la ma ke kua o Lehua ( U L 238), the sun passes to the back of Lehua [lsland|. 4 . T o desolate, plunder, cheat. Cf. pakaha. Ua kaha akula ka nalu o ku'u 'aina, the waves of my land have swept everything away [said of famine], h o ' o k a h a . Causative/simulative; to extort. 5 . Stage of a foetus in which limbs begin to develop. Also called mana. 6. Proud, haughty. Hare. See ho'okahakaha. kah3. Large, fat, plump, as of a well-fed dog. Rare. k a h a a k u a . 1. A track of a god. 2 . Abode of gods or spirits. k a h a a p o . Circumference, parentheses, brackets. Lit., mark embrace,

kaha ea. See kaha, 1.

k a h a ' e a . Cumulus clouds, often colored, forming a mackerel sky, thought to be a sign of rain. Kau kaha'ea i ka hana uaele; palepale na 'auwai 0 lalo, the cumulus clouds appear during the task of weeding; clean the water courses down below. k a h a h a . Growth stage of t h e fish 'ama'ama, about a hand's length, k a h & h a . I n t e r j e c t i o n of surprise, wonder, displeasure; to wonder or be surprised; astonished, puzzled, ho'okahaha. Surprising, astonishing; to cause astonishment, k a h a h & n a i . 1 . Radius of a circle. 2 . Strings securing upper part of t h e net surrounding a calabash ( k o k o ) . k a h a h i O . Multiplication sign, crisscross mark; slanting lines, k a h a h u l . B r a c k e t combining two items, as male and female voices in music; plus sign in arithmetic. Lit., joining mark,

k a h a i . Var. of k'l'ai.

k a h a ' I . S a m e as kanaha'i. k a h a ' l h a ' i . 1. Itedup. of kaha'i.

2 . S a m e as the

weed ' a w e o w e o . K a h a - i - k a h a ' l . N a m e of a star, said to be the twentieth in t h e Milky W a y . k a h a ' l n o . Evil, evil place. Haele ana no kanaka 1 ke kaha, alualu ana i ke ka'i o kaha'ino e (For. 6 : 4 6 9 ) , people go to the place, following the guidance of evil. k a h a k a . Disagreeable, unpleasant. Ka'u, Hawaii. k a h a k a h a . 1. Redup. of kaha, 1; to mark frequently, to draw lines, scratch up; to cut lengthwise or into strips; to scarify, engrave; striped, lined. Pepa kahakaha, scratch paper, lined paper. 2 . Redup. of kaha, 3. h o ' o k a h a k a h a . T o parade back and forth, to make a display or exhibition; to show off; to drill, as a fire drill; parade, celebration, exhibition, display; superb, showy. La ho'okahakaha, holiday. 3 . Small stone larger than a pebble. 0 6 s .

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k a h a k a h a n a . Markings, scratchings, lines; narrow strip of cloth, usually white. Kahakahana lole (Ioane 11.44), napkin. Kahakahana kaumaha, marks of worry, as on the face, k a h a k a i . B e a c h , seashore. k a h a k e a . High, inaccessible, as a cliff. (For. 6:412.)

kaha keleawe. To cut or engrave in copper or

brass; a worker in copper or brass; engraver, k a h a k i ' I . T o draw or paint a picture or draw plans; artist, k a h a k i ' I h a l e . Architect; to draw building plans. k a h a k i k l . Roaring sound, as of wind, rain, or rushing waters; to roar. Ua lohe akula lakou i ke kahakikl a ka wai, they heard the roar of rushing water, k a h a k o . Steep, sheer. Ka pali kahako lele a koa'e, sheer cliff reached by tropic bird, k a h a k a . 1. T o turn off one's course; to go where one pleases, trespass. He kahaku wau no keia 'aina, ia'u o uka, ia'u o kai (For. 5 : 3 4 9 ) , I may go where I please on this land, inland is mine, seaward is mine. 2 . A unit of measure, usually said to be about eight feet, but in Fornander 5 :57 called fifteen feet, k a h a k u h l . Reference mark in writing or printing to direct attention, as asterisk, dagger, arrow, blaze, k a h a l a . 1. A m b e r j a c k (Seriola spp.). T h e name may be qualified by the terms maoli, moku-lei, and 'dpio. Amuka is a variant name or a name for the adult stage. Another name is mokule'ia. 2 . Ripe, said of a gourd with stem beginning to wither. Ua kahala ka ipu, the gourd is ripe. 3 . Net made of strong cord, used for sharks. (Malo 213.) Also called Mhi muno. k a h a l a h a l a . Tasteless, insipid, flavorless, unpleasant tasting. Cf. hala, fault,

kaha lalo. Underscore.

k a h a - I e l e l e - p o . F a m i n e during wartime, with persons seeking food at night for fear of being seen. Lit., cut leap about night, k a h a l i l i . 1. Sanctified stone used by a priest in 'ana'ana sorcery. 2 . T o exhibit wrath or displeasure due to jealousy, k a h a l o a . Short for 'ueokahaloa, a tapa. k a h a l o a . T o turn and then go straight for a long distance; long detour or digression, k a h a m a h a . 1. T o interrupt, break into a conversation. 2 . Dash (punctuation mark). Lit., mark to rest, k a h a m o e . Hyphen. Lit., horizontal mark, k a h a n a . (Jutting, drawing of a line; turning point; cf. kaha, I, 3. Eia ma'ane'i ke kahana alanui e iho ai i kahakai, here's the turn of the road to go down to the beach, k a h a n a l u . Body surfing. Cf. kaha, 3. k a h a n i a . 1. Smooth-shaven, smooth, unclouded. Kahania ke po'o o ka 'ohule, the head of the bald man is smooth. 2 . Sour, as of poi. k a h a o n e . Sandy beach. k a h a p e ' a . T o make a cross or X, especially in black magic (the victim becomes gravely or mortally ill by stepping on or over t h e m a r k ) ; a cross or X. k a h a p i l l . T a n g e n t of a circle. Lit., line t h a t touches. k a h a p O ' a l . Circumference of a circle. Lit., mark surround.

kaha po'ohiwl. Fat or muscle on the shoulder

blade. Lit., shoulder fat. k a h a - p o u l l . T a b o o on menstruating women, restricting them to t h e menstruating house. Lit., place of dark night. kahau. 1 . T h e sport of hurling lightweight hau wood spears; to hurl such spears. Lit., hurl hau wood. 2 . T o c a t c h edible locusts by striking (ka) the dew (hau) on bushes. Obs.

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k á h a

k & h a ' u . T o diminish, abato, lessen, as a storm or sickness. Ua kaha'u mai ka 'eha, the pain has grown less. Ua kaha'u ka wax o ke kahawai, the water in the stream has subsided, k a h a ' u i a . Sensual dream (sickness or bad luck, as in Ashing, was believed to follow shortly); name of a goddess who presided over erotic dreams (PH 140); to have sexual relations in a dream (Laie 459). Aikaha'ula, a dream of coition. Moe ka ha'u la, lascivious dream, k a h a u l e . T o circumcise (less used than kahe ule). Lit., slit penis, k a h a - u l i . A kind of 'ahi, a fish. I t is small, has a long pectoral fin, and reaches about eighty pounds in weight. Lit., dark-striped, k a h a w a i . Stream, river, ravine whether wet or dry; valley. k a h e . 1. T o flow, trickle, drop, melt, menstruate; in heat, of a bitch; a run or school of fish. Kahe ka ha'ae, to drool at t h e mouth. Kahe ka hu'a o ka waha, to froth a t the mouth, h o ' o k a h e . T o water or irrigate, to cause to flow, drain. 2 . T o cut or slit longitudinally, to circumcise. See kahe ule. k H h e . First appearance of young caterpillars on vines, especially of sweet potatoes. Ka'u, Hawaii. Cf. he, caterpillar, ua kahe ka 'uala, the caterpillars are beginning to eat the sweetpotato leaves, k & h e a . T o call, cry out; to name; recital of the first lines of a stanza by the dancer as a cue to the chanter; to recito the kdhea; to greet; to give a military command; a call, alarm. Cf. hea, heahea, kahea pau ahi. k & h e ' a . Red stains or streaks, as at dawn; bloody. ( M a l o 13.) k f t h e a ' a i . A call to come and e a t ; a prayer calling on the gods to come and share the food, k & h e a p a u a h i . Fire alarm. k a h e a w a i . T o flow like water. Fig., to move, in great crowds, k a h e ' e . 1. T o pour. 2 . T o catch fish with a scoop or hand net. 3 . T o slip flowers from the stringing needle to the string. 4 . T o train or practice, as for foot races. (Malo 219.) k á h e h i . T o make a misstep, stumble. Cf. hehi, step.

kfthel. Var. of kd'ai.

k & h e k a . Pool, especially a rock basin where the sea washes in t hrough an opening and salt forms,

kahekahe. l . Redup. oikahe, l. ho'okahekahe.

Redup. of ho'okahe. 2 . Method of fishing with a large net placed in deep water where fish fed, or where bait had been strewn. (Malo 212.) 3 . A method of birdcatching: all save a few lehua blossoms were plucked and the remaining flowers were gummed. k & h e k a h e k a . Plural and diminutive of kaheka\ small sea pool or pools; artificial salt pan. k a h e k o k o . Flow of blood, hemorrhage, h o ' o k a h e k o k o . T o shed blood; bloodshed, k a h e l a . 1. T o lie spread out, as an individual, or a wide expanse of land or sea; to sweep backward and forward, as great billows t h a t do not break; spread out, flat. Cf. lipi kahela. He 'ai, e kahela ai ka uha (saying), eating, intestines inflate [said of one who has eaten a good meal]. Kahela ka nalu o ka pae lau hala, ho'a'Va'i ke kai ko'o o Maliu e, waves sweep up to the leaves of pandanus rows, white-capped is the rough sea of Maliu. 2 . See ' a m i kahela, a hula step. 3 . Gourd d r u m b e a t : the gourd is thumped down on a pad; it is then raised with t h e left hand and is struck with two quick slaps of the fingers of the right hand. Pa kahela, to perform this beat. 4 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star, seen in the month 'Ikuwa. k & h e l a h e l a . Redup. and intensifier of kahela, 1, 2,

3.

k & h e l e . 1. Decoration for a journey, as a lei. He lei kahele no ke ala, a lei decoration for traveling t h e road. 2 . T o flow.

6

u

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k a h e l e - l a n i . 1. Species of small colored shells, found particularly on Niihau; perhaps so called because the shells were used by chiefs. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of an ancient chief. Lit., the royal going, k a h e n a . Flowing. Cf. kahe, 1. Kahena wai, a stream bed, stream, k & h e u . T o weed and stir up the soil, k a h e u l e . T o circumcise. Lit., cut penis, k & h e w a . T o miss, not succeed; to hit by mistake; foiled in an attempt, k a h l . T o cut longitudinally, shave, comb, press, rub or stroke as in a massage with gentle pressure of the open palm of the hand; to scrape; to run the fingers along the sides of a poi bowl so as to remove the poi clinging to the sides;_comb; scraper, as for olona fiber. Ilale kahi olona (Laie G07), fiber-combing house, h o ' o k a h i . Causative/simulative, k a h l . 1. Place (contraction of ka wahi\ never used with ke); duty; where; in case of; approximately about. For use of possessive o and a with kahi, see Gram. 3.4. Aia ka 'ai i kahi 'e kahi i waiho ai j K e p . 157), the food is left elsewhere. 4Auhea kahi e hcle ai? Where's the place to go? 'Auhea kahi o Kupa ma? Where is the residence of Kupa and his family? Kahi 'e, elsewhere. liele ma kahi e! Go away! Get out! Ma kahi o 'inni kapua'i, approximately ten feet. Ka mea iaia kahi i pa'a ai kona komo 'ana, the one whose duty it was to register his entrance. A ma kahi o ke komohewa, in case of trespassing. 2 . One, only one, alone, some (usually following the numeral classifiers 'a- and 'e-, or ho'o-)\ also, besides, too; fellow worker; someone, someone else (less common than kvkahi); unit. See karnau, 1, for example. 'O au kahi e hele, 1'mgoing, too. Na'u kahi, give ine some. Pchea kahi o 'olua? How is your companion (wife, colleague)? Ka 'dina o kahi (Kep. 159), someone else's land, h o ' o k a h i . One. one only, alone; oneness; together as a unit, at the same time, to make one, to be similar; same.j a, an. Noho ho'okahi, to live alone. E 'imi kakau ma ka mea e ho'okahi ai ka mana'o 'ana, let us seek to unite our thoughts into one. Ho'okahi ko kaua noho pu 'ana, let us live together. Ho'okahi no makua kane, t h e same father. Ho'okahi no 'an, of similar nature; synonym, synonymous. O ia la ho'okahi no, t h a t very day. k a h i a u . 1. T o give generously or lavishly with the heart and not with expectation of return. Obs. 2 . T o polish, as a bowl. Obs.

kahi 4 e. See kahi, 1.

k a h t h i . Entanglement, perplexity, involvement, blocking; entangled, choked, as by weeds; blocked, involved, as with the law ( M a t . 5.40), trapped, framed (slang). Cf. hi hi. h o ' o k a h i h i . to entrap, ensnare, entangle, etc. k a h l h i . Interjection of disapproval or disbelief; the vowels are sometimes nasalized and t h e lasttwo greatly lengthened, spoken with rising inflection. Cf. kahaha, kahuhu. k a h i h i h i . Redup. of kahihi. k a - h l h i - k o l o . Same as ka-hili-kolo.

kahi ho'oma'ema'e. Place for cleansing; pur-

gatory, k a h i k a h i . Redup. of kahi. k a h i k a i e n a . T o stretch out smooth by rubbing, as in making tapa. Lit., rub stretch out. K a h i k i . 1. Any foreign c o u n t r y ; T a h i t i . Cf. sail to T a h i t i or to holokahiki. IIolo i Kahiki, any foreign country. T h e sky was divided ( M a l o 10) into five areas beginning with the term K a h i k i : Kahiki-moe, horizon; lit., prostrate K a hiki. Kahiki-ku. sky j u s t above the horizon; lit., upright Kahiki. Kahiki ka papa-nu'u, the next layer; lit., Kahiki the elevated s t r a t u m . Kahiki-ka-papa-lani. high in t h e sky, a l m o s t directly overhead: lit., Kahiki the sky (or god) stratum. Kahiki-kapu-i-Holani-ke-ku'ina, the sky directly overhead; lit., sacred K a h i k i at Holani the meeting place. 2 . A variety o f banana, common wild on Maui. Kinds are k ahikihae, Kahiki-mauki, and Kahiki-puhi.

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kahu a

K a h i k i - n u i . 1. N a m e of a district or ahupua'a on Maui. (Malo 6.) Lit., great Tahiti, the great east. 2 . Name of a navigation star, said to be named for one of the eight steersmen of Hawai'i-loa. k a h l k o . l . Old, ancient; old person. (Usually in the singular; cf. kahiko, 2.) Wa kahiko, old times. Kahiko 'e, prematurely old..E kala kahiko, a long time ago. Hala kahiko, gone a long time ago. n o ' o k a h l k o . T o think, act, speak in the. old way; to speak of old times; to cling to old customs; old-fashioned. He wahine ho'okahiko, an old-fashioned woman. 2. Name of the first Hawaiian. (Malo 4.) k a h i k o . 1. Finery, ornaments; to wear finery, to dress up; to harness (Ier. 46.4). Kahiko o ka hale, house adornments and furniture, h o ' o k ^ l l l k o . T o dress someone in finery; to deck, ornament; to wear fine clothes. 2 . Plural of kahiko, 1. k f t h l k o k a u a . W a r finery, formerly shield, helmet, feather cape, k a h i k o l e . Early morning s u n t h a t has lost the red glow of dawn. Cf. kahiku. Ua kahikole ka la, the .sun is up and has lost the glow of dawn, k & h l k o l l l . Trinity; three in one. k a h i k u . Sun that is rising in the sky, after the stage called kahikole and before kau i ka lolo (noon). k a h i l i . 1. Feather standard, symbolic of royalty; segment of a rainbow standing like a shaft (a rainbow was considered a sign of royalty); to brush, sweep, switch. Pa'a kahili, kahili-bearer. Ku kahili, one standing by a kahili or carrying it. Kahili pulu, to clear away mulch. Ilaku 'ia na'e ho'i ka hulu o ka moa i kahili i maa o na ali'i; kahili 'ia na'e ho'i ko kua (For. 5:01), chicken feathers indeed are woven into a standard for the presence of the chiefs; your back is brushed by the kahili. 2 . T h e crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), an ornamental shrub from China, with small oval leaves and panicles of pink, white, or purple crapy flowers. (Neal 543.) 3. A small tree (Grevillea bankaii) from Australia, related to the silky oak, 'oka-kilika, but the leaves with fewer subdivisions and the flowers red or_ cream-white. This is a later application of kahili to a plant. Flowers not used for leis on head or around neck because of stinging hairs, but made into leis for hats by sewing alternate rows of flower clusters and own leaves on pandanus band. See ha'iku (Grevillea banksii). 4. Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum), from the Himalaya region; much like the white ginger but with a more open flower head, the flowers with narrow yellow segments and one bright-red stamen apiece. (Neal 215.) 5. A seaweed, k a i l i l i h i l i . Redup. of kahili, 1. Kahilihili ke kai a ka he'e nalu ( U L 36), spraying sea of surfrider. k a h i l i k a p o p o . Medical combination of juices of the gourd and the pu'uka'a grass, k a - h i l i - k o l o . Name of a legendary koa tree on Kauai said to consist of branches without a trunk. Lit., the creeping tangle. Also called ka-hihi-kolo. k a h l l i o . Currycomb. Lit., horse comb, k a h i l i p a ' a l i m a . Small hand kahili, standard, k a h l m o e . Place to sleep, bed, cot. k a h l n a . Wood shavings; rubbing, cutting, etc. Cf. kahi. k a h l n a . T o knock down, take advantage of, deceive. K a h i n a l l ' i * Name of a legendary chief in whose time was a great sea flood. Kai a Kahinali'i, flood. k a i t i n u . T o rub with oil, grease, vaseline; to anoint. Cf. hinuhinu. k a h l O . T o lean to one side. Cf. the more common hio. katll'O. Tipsy. k a h l ' 0 . High-backed comb with long prongs ('o) such as worn by the Spanish.

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k a h i o h l O . Redup. of kdhio. k a h l ' o h l ' o . Redup. of kahi'o: drunk, k a h l ' d m o u . B a c k or side comb used to hold the hair in place. Lit., comb to pin down. k a h i l i . See pule kahiu. k a h l ' u k u . Fine-toothed comb, as used for removing dandruff or head lice ('uku). k a h i ' u m i ' u m i . T o shave the whiskers; barber. k a h i w a _ ( u l l ) . Dark pupil, as of the eyo. 065, 'O ka 'onohi o ka lani nui, 'o ke kahiwa uli o ka 'onohi lani (chant for Lili'u-o-ka-lani), the eyeball of the high chiefess, the dark pupil of the royal eyeball, k a h i w a . Sacred vine. ( K L line 379.) k a h o a . 1. T o strike, break; to strike, of a fish at a hook. Cf. hoa, to strike. E kahoa aku 'oe i ke po'o o Malea, strike Malea's head. 2. Same as kahoahoa. 3. Beginning, as of a chant, with others then joining in. k a h o a h o a . T o appeal, intercede. E kahoahoa aku kau pule i mua o Kane i loa'a mai ke ola iki, ke ola nui, a me ke ola a kau i ka puaneane, may your prayer to Kane appeal for the obtaining of small life, big life, and life extending to vast old age. k a h o a k a . 1. Phantom, specter, spirit of a living person; sign in the heavens. 2. Kind of sorcery prayer spoken in a moderate or natural voice. K a h o 4 e a . Name of a star. k a i l Oho. Interjection of surprise or anger. Cf. kahaha, kahxhi, kahuhu. k a h o l o . 1. Hasty, nimble, swift, quick; to move fast, progress rapidly. Cf. holo, to run. Ko'i kaholo, planing adze. Kaholo ka 'olelo, to speak generally and vaguely without committing one4u'uku, self. Kaholo ka 'ike o kela icahi keiki that little boy is quick in learning, h o ' o k a h o l o . T o cause to hurry; to speed, hurry. Trans, and intrans. 2. T o sew with long stitches; basting; sennit lashings on royal canoes (Malo 131). Lopi kaholo, basting thread. 3 . T h e " v a m p " hula step, more common in modern than in ancient dance, consisting of four counts: (1) one foot is extended to the side, (2) the other is brought alongside, (3, 4) this is repeated on the same side; then the four steps are repeated on the opposite side; to execute this step. 4. (Cap.) Name of a star, k a h o l o h o l o . Redup. of kaholo, 1, 2. h o * o k a h o l o h o l o . Redup. of ho'okaholo, to exercise, as a horse ;_to practice racing; skittering in fishing. E ho'okaholoholo ana ua uahi pua'a nei, this little pig hurried, k a h o n u a . 1. Globe of the earth. 2. Level landing place, as after fording a stream or coming down from a cliff. 3 . Dirt embankment, k a h u . 1. Honored attendant, guardian, nurse, keeper, administrator; pastor of a church; one who has a dog, cat, or any pet. Cf. kahu hipa, kahu ho'oponopono, kahu malama, kahu waiuai, etc. Kona kahu, his attendant. 'O ka 'ilio kahu, dog with a master, h o ' o k a h u . T o act as a kahu \ to appoint a kahu. 2 . T o tend or cook at an oven; to build an oven fire; to burn, as lime in a pit; one who tends an oven, a cook. Fig., to seethe with hot rage. E kahu ana ko ia nei inaina, the rage of this [man] here is seething. Kahu ka 'ena, to attend the heat [to be angry], h o ' o k a h u . T o make a fire for cooking in the oven; to act as kahu. k a h u a . 1. Foundation, base, site, location, grounds, background, platform, as of a house; an open place, as for camping or for sports, as for *ulu maika or holua sliding; playground, course, camp; bed, as of a stream. Fig., declaration of principles, doctrine, platform. Ka Monroe kahua kalai 'aina, Monroe doctrine about land division. E hana mua a pa'a ke kahua, mamua o ke a'o 'ana ia ha'i (saying), work first to make firm the foundation before teaching others, h o ' o k a h u a . T o lay a foundation, establish, found; to camp or be stationed, as soldiers; to settle down and develop a place, as homesteaders. Ho'okahua ka no'ono'o, settle down to a

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— Kahu'a t a s k w i t h d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o see it t h r o u g h . Ko'u noho ali'i i ho'okahua 'ia maluna o kahi pu'u pele, m y k i n g d o m e s t a b l i s h e d on a l a v a hill. 2 . Hase of a q u i l t o n w h i c h t h e p a t t e r n (iau) is a p p l i q u e d ; t h i s b a s e is a b o v e t h e l a y e r of c o t t o n or wool. T h e pili is below it. K a h l u a . N a m e of a s t a r , k a h u a h a l e . H o u s e f o u n d a t i o n or site, k a h u a h a n a . S u b j e c t , as of a d i s c u s s i o n , b a s i s f o r w o r k ; f o u n d a t i o n p r i n c i p l e s , as a p o l i t i c a l platform. k a h u a h i . F i r e b u i l d e r ; t o b u i l d a n d t e n d a fire,

k a h u l l p f l . T u r n e d c o m p l e t e l y over, u p s i d e down. k a h u l u l . 1. A t h l e t i c c o n t e s t , especially c h a m pionship m a t c h . 2. Crescent-shaped disposition of soldiers o n a b a t t l e f i e l d . ( M a l o 203, E m e r s o n n o t e . ) 3 . V a r i e t y of s w e e t p o t a t o ,

k a h u m a ' i . Nurse, k a h u m&lama. Custodian, caretaker, k a h u m&lama hale. Housekeeper. Lit., guard-

i a n t o c a r e f o r house, k a h u m & l a m a m a ' l . N u r s e . Lit., g u a r d i a n t a k e s c a r e of sick. k a h u m o k a . Person who cared for t h e chief's e x c r e m e n t so t h a t it would n o t fall i n t o t h e possession of a s o r c e r e r . Also called kahu poka. Lit., g u a r d i a n of offal, k a h u m o k u . S e c o n d m a t e of a s h i p , k a l i f i m u . S a m e as kahu 'ai. E kahumu 'ai ana kakou, we a r e g o i n g t o b a k e v e g e t a b l e f o o d s in t h e o v e n . k a h u n a . 1. P r i e s t , m i n i s t e r , s o r c e r e r , e x p e r t in a n y p r o f e s s i o n : t o a c t as priest or e x p e r t . F o r m a n y e x a m p l e s see b e l o w : f o r p l u r a l see kahuna. h o ' o k a h u i i a . T o c a u s e to be a kahuna or p r e t e n d t o b e o n e : t o o r d a i n or t r a i n a s a kahuna. 2 . O v e n c o o k i n g ; t o c o o k . Cf. kahu, 2. k & h u n a . 1. P l u r a l of kahuna. 2 . S a m e as kahunahuna. k a h u n a ( a n & ' a n & . Sorcerer w h o p r a c t i c e s b l a c k m a g i c , as o n e w h o p r a y s a p e r s o n t o d e a t h , k a h u n a a ' o . T e a c h i n g p r e a c h e r , m i n i s t e r , sorcerer. k a h u n a h a ' l ' o l e i o . Preacher, especially an itinerant preacher,

k a h u a ho'ike'ike holoholona. Zoo. k a h u a holua. Sledding course, k a h u a ho'olele leo. Radiobroadcasting station. Lit., s i t e f o r m a k i n g voice fly. k a h u a h o ' o l u l u . M e e t i n g place. Cf. hale lulu. Lit., site for s h e l t e r ,

ho'o-

k a h u a ho'olulu mokulele. Airport,

k a h u a h o ' o f i k a . B a t t l e g r o u n d ; place used for c o m p e t i t i v e s p o r t s or c o n t e s t s . Lit., s i t e f o r attack. k a h u ' a i . T o c o o k t a r o or v e g e t a b l e f o o d ; t o k e e p t h e s t o r e of s u c h f o o d ; t o m a k e poi\ a keeper_or cook. Cf. kahu, 2. S a m e as kahu umu or kahumu. k a h u ' & l n a . H e a d m a n of a l a n d d i v i s i o n . ( A P . )

k a h u a k a u a lew a. Air hase.

k a h u a k l n a i a h i . F i r e s t a t i o n . Lit., p l a c e q u e n c h fire. k a h u a k u a . O n e w h o t a k e s c a r e of a n i m a g e or god; priest,

k a h u a le'a, k a h u a le'ale'a. Playground,

k a h u a l i ' i . I t o y a l g u a r d i a n in t h e f a m i l y of a h i g h chief. k a h u a ' o l e . ignoramus, one without background, trade, profession, knowledge, k a h u a o M a l l ' o . P l a c e of happineSvS, c o m f o r t , pleasure (named for Mali'o, a mythical woman renowned for entertaining with music and for h e r a b i l i t y in love m a g i c ) , k a h u a p a ' a . T e r r a f i r m a , t h e solid e a r t h . Fig., security.

k a h u n a h o ' o p i ' o p i ' o . Malevolent sorcerer, as

o n e w h o i n f l i c t s illness b y g e s t u r e , as r u b b i n g his own head to give the victim a severe heada c h e or h e a d i n j u r y . S o m e t i m e s t h e v i c t i m m i g h t i m i t a t e t h e g e s t u r e a n d send t h e affliction b a c k t o t h e s o r c e r e r . Cf. ho'oheihci.

k a h u n a h o ' o u l u ' a i . Agricultural expert,

k a h u n a h u i . A p r i e s t w h o f u n c t i o n e d in cerem o n i e s f o r t h e d e i f i c a t i o n of a k i n g . ( M a l o 105.) k f t h u n a h u n a . T o s p r i n k l e l i g h t l y , especially w i t h salt. Cf. huna. fine, k & h u n a i m u . P l a c e w h e r e f o o d is c o o k e d in a n u n d e r g r o u n d o v e n , as in a c o o k h o u s e ; t e n d i n g of t h e o v e n , k a h u n a k&lai. Carving expert; sculptor,

k a h u a p a ' a n i . Stadium; playground of any

k i n d . Lit., s i t e for p l a y , k a h u a u p t i n l . D e p u t y or r e g e n t in t h e d a y s of t h e m o n a r c h y . Lit., g o v e r n m e n t c a r e t a k e r ,

k a h u 'ekalekia (ekalesla.) Pastor of a church,

k a h u n a k&lai wa'a. Canoe builder,

k a h u h a n a i . F o s t e r p a r e n t (of a d o p t e d c h i l d r e n ) , k a h u h i p a . S h e p h e r d ; t o t e n d sheep,

k a h u n a k i ' i . C a r e t a k e r of i m a g e s , w h o w r a p p e d , oiled, a n d s t o r e d t h e m , a n d c a r r i e d t h e m i n t o b a t t l e a h e a d of t h e chief, k a h u n a k i l o k i l o . P r i e s t or e x p e r t w h o o b s e r v e d t h e skies f o r o m e n s , k a h u n a l a p a ' a u . Medical doctor, medical pract i t i o n e r . Lit., c u r i n g e x p e r t , k a h u n a n u i . High priest and councilor to a high c h i e f ; office of c o u n c i l o r , k a h u n a p o ' o . High priest. k a h u n a p u l e . P r e a c h e r , p a s t o r , p r i e s t . Lit., prayer expert, k a h u p a k a . H i g h c h i e f ' s t r u s t e d a t t e n d a n t of r o y a l blood w h o h a d c h a r g e of his t o b a c c o a n d pipes: he lighted t h e m and drew a few puffs b e f o r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e m t o t h e c h i e f . Lit., g u a r d i a n of t o b a c c o (Eng.). k a h u p l p i . H e r d s m a n , k e e p e r of c a t t l e , c a t t l e o w n e r , r a n c h e r ; t o c a r e for c a t t l e , k a h u p o k a . S a m e as kahu moka.

k a h u ho'oponopono. Administrator.

k & t l Q h p . I n t e r j e c t i o n of s u r p r i s e or a n g e r . Cf. kahaha, kahVn.

k a h u k a ' a . Coachman.

k a h u k a h u . T o offer f o o d a n d p r a y e r s t o a g o d or t o t h e spirit of a deified p e r s o n . Cf. ' a h a ' a i n a kahukahu. k a h u k e i k i . One who t e n d s a child, as a nurse, k a h u k i . S a m e as palahuki. k a h u k u l a . S c h o o l m a s t e r , school s u p e r v i s o r . Cf. papa o na kahu kula.

k a h u k u l a nui. School superintendent,

k a h u l l . T o o v e r t h r o w , o v e r t u r n , capsize, u p s e t .

ho'okahuli. Causative/simulative,

k a h u l l . 1. T o c h a n g e . Ua kahuli ke 'ano, t h e a p p e a r a n c e is c h a n g e d , h o ' o k & h u l i . C a u s a t i v e / s i m u l a t i v e . 'O Pa'ao ka mea nana i ho'okahuli i ka lahui Hawai'i nei ma ka ho'omana ki'i ( K e p . 21), P a ' a o w a s t h e o n e w h o c o n v e r t e d t h e H a w a i i a n r a c e t o idol w o r s h i p . 2 . L a n d shells (Philonesia s p p . ) . 3 . S p o r t or m u t a n t , a s of sweet potato. K a h l l l l - a l i M . N a m e of a s t a r . Cf. Kekau-hiwakau. k&huMhuli. Unsteady, shaky, unsettled; to s w a y , reel, rock, t o t t e r ; tossed a b o u t , as a s h i p , k a h u lio. Coachman, groom.

—

—

k a h u p u k e (buke). Librarian, custodian of

b o o k s . Also mea ma lama puke. k a h u *uh&. T h e h i g h chief w h o a t t e n d e d a n i n f a n t chief, c a r r i e d h i m , a n d sat h i m on his l a p ('uha). Also c a l l e d luha. ( K e p . 127.) k a h u u m u . Oven t e n d e r ; to tend an oven, k a h u w a l . O n e in c h a r g e of w a t e r r i g h t s a n d division.

1Q6

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k a i

k a h u w a i u . W e t nurse (also called kahu wale). (Kep. 127.) k a h u w a i w a i . Trustee, executor. Lit., custodian of wealth or p r o p e r t y , k a h u w a l e . Same as kahu waiu. (Kep. 123.) k a i . 1. Sea, sea w a t e r ; area near t h e sea; current in t h e sea; insipid, brackish, tasteless. I kai, towards the sea. Makai, on t h e seaside, t o w a r d t h e sea, in t h e direction of t h e sea. O kai, of t h e lowland, of t h e sea, seaward. Na kanaka o kai, shore dwellers. Na kai 'ewalu, t h e eight seas [a poetic expression for t h e channels dividing t h e eight inhabited islands]. Kai lalo, lower sea, i.e., western sea, where t h e sun sets. Ka mokupuni kai lalo, 'o Kauai, Kauai, t h e island of t h e western sea. Ko a kai, people f r o m t h e shore district. ( P P N lahi, P.\1I> [i]asifc.) 2. Gravy, sauce, dressing, soup, broth. 3. Interjection similar to keu. M y , how much! How very! How terrific! Kai ka nani! How beautiful! Kai ke kolohe! Oh, how mischievous. Cf. also kaino. k a I, k a i . Contraction ka mea i, t h e one who did. Of. ka, 1. 'O 'oe ka i hele i ka hale, you're t h e one who went to t h e house. Cf. ke, t h e one who will or should. - k a i . Swollen, bloated. Hakakai, swollen, excessive fat. Cf. kuakaikai, kuhakakai, 'u'ulukai. k a i , kalT. I n t e r j e c t i o n of displeasure, vexation, annoyance, prolonged to indicate greater force. Kavn! Ch 6. Long ago (usually followed by loa, wale, kahiko\ when preceded by 'a'ole, 'a'oe, or 'e'oe, it means " q u i t e a while a g o , " or, " f o r quite a long t i m e . " E kala loa ka holo 'ana o ka moku, the ship sailed long ago.

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112

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k a l e

k a l a i p o h a k u . S t o n e c u t t e r (2 S a i n . 5 . 1 1 ) ; t o c a r v e or h e w s t o n e , k a l a l w a , k a l a i w a . T o d r i v e , as a c a r ; d r i v e r , c h a u f f e u r . Eng. Kalaiwa ka'a, t o d r i v e a c a r ; car driver. k a l a i w a ' a . C a n o e c a r v e r ; t o build a canoe, k a l a k a . 1. T r u c k ( v e h i c l e ) . Eng. Carat.

2. A l s o k a r a t a .

Eng.

k a l a k a h i k o . See kala, 6. k a l a k a l a . I l e d u p . o f kala, 1, .); c r a g g y , t h o r n y , k n o t t y . Fig., r o u g h i n l a n g u a g e , r u d e , harsh, k a l a k a l a i . R e d u p . o f kalai; t o c a r v e , c u t , h e w , h o e , etc., a l i t t l e a t a. t i m e ; t o w h i t t l e . liana kalakalai, trifling or inconsequential action, e s p e c i a l l y o f a casual l o v e afTair. Nui kalakalai, manumanu ka loa'a, much whittling, nicked product. k a l a k a l a ' i h i . R e d u p . o f kala'ihu Kalakala'ihi kaha ka la ma ke kua o Lehua, lulana ihola ka pilie a ke akua ( L ' L 2 3 8 ) , t h e sun passes h o t a t t h e back o f L e h u a [ I s l a n d ] , s t i l l i n g t h e s h o u t s of t h e gods. kalakala'ula.

To

pick

entangled

debris,

as

b r o w n i s h s e a w e e d , f r o m a fish net. k a l a k e ' o k e ' o . Silver money, k a l a k i a , K a r a t i a . G r a c e , He ho'ole i ke garalia, d e n y i n g t h e g r a c e [of G o d ] , k a l a k o a . C a l i c o ; v a r i e g a t e d in c o l o r , as of c r o t o n l e a v e s , or o f a p i n t o h o r s e spot ted w i t l i s e v e r a l c o l o r s ; p r i n t e d c o t t o n c l o t h ( m o d e r n ) . Eng. k a l & k o u . T h e i r , t h e i r s ( a - f o r m possessive, p l u r a l ; see G r a m . 3 . 4 ) . k a l a k u . 1. T o p r o c l a i m , a n n o u n c e ; a n n o u n c e r . 'O ke kalakil, 'oia ka rnea kala aku me ka leo nui ( K e p . 149), t h e kalaku is t i i e o n e w h o a n n o u n c e s in a l o u d v o i c e . 2. T o release, u n d o , as e v i l b y p r a y e r . 3. Chilled, shivering, bristling, i'ig., a n g r y . C f . 'okala. Kalaku Jlilo i ka ua, l l i l o is s h i v e r i n g i n t h e r a i n , k a l a k u a . 1. S h a r p h o r n on d o r s a l fin. 2. L o n g a g o . See kala, (>, l o n g a g o . k a l a k u p u a . U n d e r c o n t r o l of a m y s t e r i o u s o r s u p e r n a t u r a l p o w e r ; m a g i c . Rare, h o ' o k a l a k u p u a . M a g i c ; to d o wondrous acts; a magician, enchanter, extraordinary fisherman, elusive t h i e f . He ikaika ho'okalakupua, extraordinary or supernatural strength, K a l a l a n l . N a m e o f a s t a r . Lit., t h e r o w . k a l a l a u . A v a r i e t y of t a r o ; c o r m white, yielding g r a y poi\ p e r h a p s o r i g i n a t e d in K a l a l a u , K a u a i , k a l a l e a . P r o m i n e n t , p r o t r u d i n g . Fig., haughty, i m p o r t a n t . Lalani kalalea, p r o t r u d i n g line [of d o r s a l fins o f s h a r k s a b o v e t h e w a t e r ] , Oni kalalea ke ku a ka la'au loa, t h e t a l l t r e e s t a n d s a n d p r o j e c t s p r o m i n e n t l y [of a n i m p o r t a n t person]. k a l a l e k a , k a l a r e t a . C l a r e t . Eng. k a l a l l . T o go quickly, briskly, without notici n g a n y o n e ; t o w a l k o r t a l k in a b r i s k , h a u g h t y w a y ; p r o u d . Noho ana ka makuahine i ka 'olu'olu, hele ke keiki i ke kalall, t h e m o t h e r s t a y s in c o m f o r t , t h e c h i l d g o e s a w a y w i t h p r i d e [a r i d d l e : t h e a n s w e r is t h a t t h e m o t h e r is t h e r o u g h t i p o f a p a n d a n u s k e y , t h e c h i l d is t h e s o f t b a s e m a d e i n t o a lei t h a t is p r o u d l y w o r n ] , h o ' o k a l a l l . Causative/simulative; t o hurry, k a l a - l o a . V a r i e t y o f 'ala'ihi, a fish, k a l a - m a k a - p i ' l . S a m e as makole-makopi'i, a moss, k a l a m a i o . A grass. k a l a m a n i a . L e v e l , e v e n , s m o o t h , as o f a c l i f f , c a l m sea, or sheer s u r f a c e , k a l a m a ' u l a . S a m e as humu'ula, a stone, k a l a m e l a , k a r a m e l a . 1. C a r a m e l . Eng. 2. C a r m e l i t e . Eng. k a l a m o . C a l a m u s . ( M e l . 4.14.) Eng. k a l a m o h o . 1. A k i n d o f awa, a fish. 2. C l i f l b r a k e (Pellaea ternifolia), a short, slender fern, the f r o n d s w i t h short, paired, narrow divisions. I t

— g r o w s i n d r y . s u n n y p l a c e s , as a t K i l a u e a V o l cano. Also called kalamoho-lau-li'i. k a l a m o n a . S a m e as kolomona, 1, 2, J. k a l a n a . 1. D i v i s i o n o f l a n d s m a l l e r t h a n a moku o r d i s t r i c t ; c o u n t y . 2. R e l e a s e , f o r g i v e n e s s , e t c . C f . kala, 1. La kalana ola, l i f e - g i v i n g sun. k a l a n a . 1. S t a t i o n e r y . 2. S a m e as kanana, 1, 2, 3. 1,. k a l a n a ' e . A p e r s o n so l a z y t h a t he will w o r k o n l y w h e n w a t c h e d : t o w o r k o i d y w hen wa t c h e d . Obs. He kalana'e ho'opau manawa, one who works only when watched, a waster of time, k a l a n a k u l a , t a r a n a t u l a . T a r a n t u l a . Eng. - k a l a n c ' o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k a l a n e ' o . Same as ho'okanane'o. k & l a n i , g a l a n i . G a l l o n . FJng. k a l a n i a . S m o o t h , as t h e sea. k a l a - n l ' a u . A k i n d o f kala, a fish, k a l a n i a ' t i l a . S a m e as humu'ula, a stone. K a l a n l - ' A p u ' l i . l . X a n t e o f a c h i e f . 2. V a r . o f Ka'a-wela, a star. k a l a n o m e k a , k a r a n o m e t a . C h r o n o m e t e r . Eng. k a l a p a , s a r a p a . S u l p h u r . Eng. k a l a p a - i k l . K i n d of stone; according to K a m a kau, a squid-lure sinker, k a l a p a k l . Double-yolked egg. Kauai. k a l a - p a l a . A k i n d o f Zebrasuma, a fish. C f . la'i-pala. kala pepa. Paper money. k a l a p l . T h e introduced salsify or oyster plant (Tragopogon purrifolius). ( N e a l 756.) Eng. k a l a - p o n i . See kala, s w e e t p o t a t o , k a l a p u . 1. C l u b , s o c i e t y ; c l u b in a d e c k o f c a r d s . Eng. 2. T o m o p t h e f l o o r . FJng. Obs. 3 . T o s t r a p , t i e ; a s t r a p . F45.) k a p a n a h a . M i l d insanity. Obs. k a p a o . Hold in lua fighting. K a p a o k a . Sabaoth.

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kai

122

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— kapulupulu k & p e k u p e k u . Redup. of kapeku. kSpele. Large, as an al>domen. Obs. k a p e n a . l . Captain. Eng. 2. Cabin. Eng. Cf. 'ohua kapena. K & p e n a - K e o e . A n introduced variety of sweet potato, probably named for a captain. K & p e n a - L o k e . N a m e of an introduced vine, the seeds of which are strung as leis, perhaps lit.. Captain Rhodes. Kauai. k a p e n e k i n e , tapenetlne. Turpentine. Eng. k a p i . T o sprinkle, as with salt; to salt; to scatter, as sand or salt. Also kopi. Mai kapi mai 'oe i ke one, don't throw sand at me. kftpi't. Curly; person with curly hair, believed to be strong and hence a good warrior ( M a l o 201). Fig., warrior, attendant to a chief, k a p i k a l a . Capital, capitol (city, building). Eng. k a p l k l . 1. Poi made with an inferior grade of soggy taro. 2. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). k & p l k l - ' a i - m a k a . Lettuce. Lit., cabbage eaten raw. Rare. k a p l k i - l i ' i l l ' i . Brussels sprouts. Lit., small cabbage. k a p l k i - p u a . Same as kalipalaoa, cauliflower. Lit., flowering cabbage, kapili. T o build, put together, put on (as glasses), fit together, set (as precious stones), mend, repair, join, plaster, unite, attach blame to a person; to shoe, as a horse. Cf. pohaku kapili v'a'a. Ua popopo ke kia moku, ho'i hou 'oia e kapili, the mast was rotten, he returned to repair it. kapili inailll. T o catch birds with lime, kapili m o k u . Shipbuilding, shipbuilder, shipwright (For. 5:479). kapiltplll. 1. Redup. of kapili. (Puk. 35.33.) 2. Variety of tapa. kapili w a ' a . Process of adding on canoe parts after the hull has been carved and rubbed smooth. kApi'o. 1. Bird snare made by bending a sapling over and attaching a baited noose; the bird enters, dislodges a weight, the sapling straightens up and the noose tightens and catches the bird: to catch in such a snare. 'A'ohe manu noho i ka lipo e pakele i ke kapi'o (saying), no bird of the deep forest can escape the snare (of an expert lover], 2. Upright, as supporting corners in a house, k a p l o k a . Tapioca. Eng. k a p l p l . Redup. of kapi. k a p i p u a ' a . T o salt pork; one who salts pork. Fig., dirty wretch. - k a p o ' a i . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k a p o ' a i . T o revolve, rotate, as in a hula. Obs. k a p o l a . T o bind, wrap, bandage. Obs. k a p o l a k a . Mysterious, unfathomable. Obs. No Ku, no Lono_, no Kane ma laua 'o Kanaloa, no Papa nui aiwaiwa a kapolaka (old chant), in honor of Ku, Lono, Kane, and Kanaloa, in honor of great Papa, mysterious and unfathomable, k a p o l e n a . Tarpaulin, canvas. Eng. k a p o ' o . Same as napo'o. Kani kapo'o. loud echoing sound, as of a heavy object falling into water, or of waves booming, k a p o ' o p o ' o . Redup. of kapo'o-, to abound in ruts, as a highway, kfipopo. See kahili kapopo. k a p o u l e n a . 1. Jaundice. Cf. lena, yellow. 2. L a z y , idle, indolent. Cf. lena, lazy, k a p u . 1. Taboo, prohibition; special privilege or exemption from ordinary taboo; sacredness; prohibited, forbidden; sacred, holy, consecrated. Kapu ka wai, water is taboo [said of a clean, ood person who does not need water], f i o ' o a p u . T o make taboo, prohibit, sanctify, con-

g

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secrate. 2. Tub. Eng. 3. Cap. Eng. See papale kapu. k a p u a . See mai'a-kapua. k a p u a h l . 1. Fireplace, stove, furnace; pan of a musket or gun; censer for sacrifice. 2. Base of fishhook point. 3. (Cap.) N a m e of a star, k a p u a h i ' a l i a rnahu. Kerosene stove. Lit., steam oil stove. k a p u a h i - a - K u ' l - a - l u a . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting. Lit., fireplace of Ku'i-a-lua [a god], k a p u a h i ea. Gas stove. k a p u a h i h o ' o h e h e ' e h a o . Iron-melting foundry, k a p u a h i h o ' o m a h a n a hale. House heater, furnace. k a p u a h i k u n i . Smallpox. Also kamolapoki. k a p u a h i k u i l l . Small stone container in which the sorcerer burned his " b a i t " (hair, spittle, etc., of his v i c t i m ) , k a p u a h i u l l a . Electric stove, k a p u a ' l . 1. Sole of the foot, footprint, tread, track; f o o t in measurement; paw of an animal. Hele mai, e Kane, he kapua'i akua,_ he kapua'i kanaka (ancient prayer), come, O Kane, walk as a god, walk as a man. 2. Part of the canoe float where the outrigger boom ('iako) is joined; the after one is the kapua'i hope. k a p u a ' i a k u a . Footprint of a god (see kapua'i, 1). Fig., f o o t of the rainbow, k a p u a ' i h a o llo. Horseshoe. Lit., horse iron tread. k a p u a ' i - k o l o a . Design on tapa beater consisting of a series of Gothic arches. Lit., wild duck tracks. Also called 'aha. k a p u a ' i m a h e l e 'la. Cloven-footed. k a p u a ' i - o - K a n a . A hold in lua fighting reserved for chiefs. Lid., Kana's footprint, k a p u a n o h o . Same as kapu noho. k a p u ' a u ' a u . Bathtub. k a p f l h i . Master of an animal; nurse or caretaker of a child; provider in general (named f r o m the Oahu custom of taming and feeding a particular eel Ipuhi) in the sea). h o ' o k a p O h l . Same as above; to feed an eel; to nurse or care for a child or person. Fig., clever, smart. Mai puni mai na ho'okapuhi, don't be taken in by smart, wily folk. k a p u h i a . Passive/imperative of kapu. He aha ka hala i kapuhia ai ka leo, i ho'okuli mai at, what was the wrong that silenced the voice and caused deafness? [Said of one who is silent.] k a p u h i l i . 1. T h e many taboos inherited f r o m chiefly ancestors or from the gods; person with many taboos. 2. A fish. See lau-hau. k a p u holoi. Washtub. k a p u kai. Ceremonial sea bath for purification; purification by sea water, k a p u k a p u . Dignity, regal appearance; entitled to respect and reverence, difficult of access because of rank, dignity, and station. A kapukapu noho'i e like, difficult to approach, h o ' o k a p u k a p u . T o impose a taboo, especially on something not previously taboo; to pretend a taboo that was not existent; to extol, praise, glorify, k a p u k a p u kai. Same as kapu kai; to purify by sprinkling with salt water (kava, ordinarily taboo to women, might be made noa or free of taboo by sprinkling the place in this fashion; usually termed pi kai). k a p u k u . T o restore life. Rare. k a p u l e . Overripe, black or spotted, as a banana skin; fat. as a plover. See Ka'elo, 1, for example, h o ' o k a p u l e . T o ripen, fatten, k a p u l u . Careless, slovenly, unclean, gross, untidy, disgusting, unkempt. Kapulu kana humuhumu 'ana i kona lole, she is careless in sewing her dress. Hana kapulu ka lima, 'ai kapulu ka waha (saying), unclean handling puts unclean food in the mouth [i.e., food should be prepared with cleanliness], k a p u l u p u l u . Redup. of kapulu.

123 —

— kapu moe, kapu a kapu noho. Taboo the presence of the tainer, bath water, ried by.

kapu

moe,

kapu

m o e . Prostration taboo. requiring e v e r y o n e t o sit in chief, or when his f o o d conand other articles were car-

moe

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beautiful! He 'ono ho'i kau! H o w v e r y delicious I E lohe mai auane'i kau i ka leo o ka makua, w o n ' t listen at all to the parent's request. (Kau is sometimes replaced by tau. He u'i ho'i tau! H o w beautiful!) k ä u . Y o u r , yours (singular, a - f o r m possessive; see Gram. 3.4). 'O kau mai a 'o ka'u aku, your [turn] and then mine. k a ' u . M y , mine (a-form possessive; see Gram. 3.4). - k a ' u . Hesitation, fear. See ka'uka'u, ka'une, maka'u, k a u a . 1. W a r , battle; a r m y ; to make war. 2. Var. spelling of kauuä. k ä u a . 1. T o detain, gently request t o remain. Ua käua mai 'oia 'ia'u e noho iho a li'uli'u me ia, he politely asked me t o stay a s h o r t w h i l e with him. 2. W e (dual, inclusive). Mai kaua! C o m e to me! Honi kaua, kiss me. k a u a h e a h e . 1. T o l o o k or m o v e straight ahead; to gaze. He aha keia au e kauaheahe nei? W h a t are you gazing at? Kauaheahe ka holo 'ana o kahi ka'a o makou, our car went straight on and on. Lele kauaheahe i luna lilo loa, to fly on and on, way far up. h o ' o k a u a h e a h e . T o h o v e r ; to fly softly, gently, continuously, at the same speed. 2. Gentle, as a breeze; light. Ka'ao kauaheahe, light story. 3. A variety of sweet potato. K a u a ' I . Kauai. (Some believe the f o r m is Kauai, without a glottal stop, but established usage among native speakers of H a w a i i a n is Kaua'i.) k a u a i k i . First harvest of small sweet potatoes,

k a p u O . Var. spelling of kapuwd. k a p u w a t . W a s h t u b ; water tub. k a p u w a ' l . Var. spelling of kapua'i. k a p u w O . A cry proclaiming a taboo on the approach of a sacred personage or as part of a c e r e m o n y ; the announcer of this taboo ( K e p . 139). Kapuwd, e moe! the taboo is on, prostrate yourselves! k a p u WOhi. T a b o o of wohi chiefs, including exemption f r o m the prostration taboo. k a u . 1. T o place, put, hang, suspend, gird on; to set, settle, perch, rest; to enact, impose, or pass, as a l a w ; to l e v y , as a tax; to ride, as on a horse or in a car; to board, mount; to rise up, appear, as the moon; t o place in sacrifice, as a pig; to come to rest, as the setting sun; to arrive, c o m e t o pass; to hang up, as a telephone receiver. Kau ka maka, to set the eyes upon, as with desire or affection; to feast the eyes upon, to yearn to see. Kalei-kau-maka (name), bel o v e d child to be looked upon with pride and love. Ka mea ho'i a ku'u mana'o i kau nui ai a halawai maka ( L a i e 413), the one on w h o m my heart is set so keenly to meet face to face. Pula kau maka 'ino loa, a v e r y bad mote in the eye [of a disliked person). Kau helu, to put up several, as of houses. Kau 'ino,_ to slam down [a telephone receiver Na kanawai e kau nei, existing statutes. Kanawai i kau 'ia, laws passed. Kau i ka uku poho, to assess damages. E kau 'ia maluna on a ka ho'opa'i, 'a'ole e 'oi aku mamua o ho'okahi kaukani kala, liable to [lit., set upon him] punishment not in excess of one thousand dollars. Mai ka la hiki a ka la kau, f r o m the rising sun to its setting. Kau ka makani, the wind blows. 'Oi kau ka la, while the sun is up, i.e., while there is still time. Ua kau ka waiu o Poipc, Phoebe's breasts contain milk. Kau ka pilikia maluna o lakou, they are in trouble. Kau mat i luna, to appear above. Ua kau ka malie, the calm has settled. Kau ka weli (For. 5:53), full of fear. h o ' o k a u . T o put on, place on, lay on, as responsibility; to happen, c o m e to pass. Ho1 okau hiamoe, to fall asleep. ( P P N tau, P M P taHuq.) 2. Period of time, lifetime; any season, especially summer; session of a legislature; term, semester; t i m e of late night before dawn ( K e p . 97). I ke kau i ke ali'i o Kamehameha, in the time of the chief, K a m e h a m e h a . Moe kau a ho'oilo, sleep summers and winters [a poetic expression f o r death]. Kau a kau, season after season; fig., a l w a y s and forever. ( P P N ta'u, P M P taqun.) 3. A sacred chant, as Hi'i-aka's chants of affectionate greeting to persons, hills, and landmarks; a chant of sacrifice to a d e i t y ; to chant thus. Kau akula ia i keia kau ma ke oli (For. 5:247), he offered this sacred chant in the chanted song. 4. W o o d e n handle, as on stone chisels; perch; pole raised longitudinally over a canoe in stormy weather, on which mats were placed f o r protection. 5* A method of feeding children or high-born persons as a special honor; the recipient held back his head and opened his mouth; the morsel of poi was dropped into his mouth; much e n j o y e d by children as a game. 'Ai kau, to eat in this w a y . 6. Center tapa under which the stone was hidden in the game of puhenehene. 7. M i d d l e finger of the hand. 8. Reason, cause. ' A ' o h e kau e make ai, no reason or cause to die. Ua ha'alulu au i kau mea o ka maka'u i ka 'ino, I trembled because of fear of the storm. 9. R a r e var. of kakau. Lala kau ( K L line 133), streaked fin. 10. (Cap.) N a m e of a star in the northern sky t h a t served as guide to mariners. 11. (Cap.) T h e M i l k y W a y . 12. Depression between collarbone and neck. Obs. 13. Particle indicating plural, much less used than na and mau except in the compounds kauhale, kaukolu, kauwahi. Ua 'ike anei 'oe i kau pua'a a makou? H a v e you seen our pigs? 14. Particle expressing superlative, preceded by ho'i or max ho'i. He nani mai holi kau! Oh, so

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a

others being left to grow larger, k a u a k ä . A boisterous person who speaks loudly and gestures wildlv, making a spectacle of himself. Obs. K a u - a k a - p u ' u . N a m e of a star associated with Kohala, Hawaii, k a u a k i o . Sham battle. See kio. k a u a k ü l o k o . Civil war, internal war. k a u a l a k ö . T o drag, pull along. Also alakö. k a u a - l a u . See mai'a-kaua-lau. k a u a l i ' l . A commoner elevated to chieftainship, k a u a lio. C a v a l r y ; cavalry war. Lit., liorse war. k a u ä l u p e . T o carry a person supported by arms over the shoulders of t w o persons, as one drunk or sick, or f o r one person to half carry and half drag another person. Lit., place like a kite. K a u a - m e a . A constellation, possibly Corona Borealis. k a u a m e a . See mea, cause, k a u a m o e . Ambuscade. Lit., l y i n g - d o w n war. k a u a n a I J p o . T h e southern sky where the star L i p o may be seen; the rising of the star Lipo. Variants are kauana Lepo, kauana Lewa, and kauana Liolioiwawau. K a u - a n o - m e h a . A star, possibly Sirius. Lit., placed in holy stillness. Other names are Kaului-kua, Kau-'opae, Ho'okele-wa'a, and ' A - i k i kau-e-lono. T h i s star was used by navigators and fishermen, k a u a n u . W i n t e r , cold season, k a u ' a p a ' a p a . A single generation f r o m father to son. (For. 6:269.) Cf. 'äpa'a, 2. k a u a p a l o . C o m b a t , debate. K a u a - ' u l a . 1. A strong, furious mountain wind, often destructive at Lahaina. Ke kukui pio 'ole i ke Kaua-'ula, the light which the K a u a - ' u l a can not blow out [said of Lahaina-luna School]. 2. (Not cap.) K i n d of soft, porous stone used for polishing and smoothing and as a sinker f o r squid lure, k a u a w e . Var. spelling of kauwawe. k a u ' e k e k e ' l . T o o short, as a dress; t o hang short. k a u e l e , k a u e l u . Var. spellings of kauwele and kauwelu. k a u ' e l l ' e l i . T o dig up the past, t o r e v i e w the past. 'O ka'u ia e kau'eli'eli nei, e kaumo'o nei

124

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— kauk oe — mamuli o ka Lono (chant for Kuakini), this is w h y I a m reviewing t h e p a s t , joining on t o Lono's account, k a u h a ' a . To move u p and downl as t h e waves, or as in dancing. Aia i Puna-lu u ka'u aloha, i ke kai kauha'a a ka malihini (song), my sweeth e a r t is a t P u n a - l u ' u , where t h e sea dances for visitors. k a u h a l e . G r o u p of houses comprising a H a waiian home, formerly consisting of men's eating house, women's eating house, sleeping house, cookhouse, canoe house, etc. T e r m was later used even if t h e home included b u t a single house, and is sometimes used for hamlet. I t is used without t h e article. Lit., plural house.E ho1 i kakou i kauhale, let's go home. Kanaka helc i kauhale, a person who goes f r o m house to house, k a u h a l e l e w a . Tabernacle. (Oihk. 23.34.) Lit., m o v a b l e house, k a u h l . Same as 'dkia, a shrub, k a u h l . See wala kauhl. k a u h l h l . 1. Tangled, snarled, of vines. Fig., in trouble. h o ' o k a u h l l i i . To entangle. 2. Lashing, as of t h a t c h i n g sticks to house post, k a u h i l o . To fasten horizontal t h a t c h i n g sticks of a house with rope, k a u h o l a . 1. T o open, unfold, as a t a p a ; to exp a n d , as a flower in bloom. Cf. hola. 2. To lose consciousness, as in an epileptic seizure; heart a t t a c k , stroke, k a u h o l o . T o pursue in order t o h a r m , to r u n a f t e r , to run and fetch. Kauholo aku 'oe ia La'a-kea, r u n a f t e r La'a-kca and bring him back, k a u h u a . 1. S t a t e of pregnancy, h o ' o k a u h u a . . To cause pregnancy; gestation; pregnancy sickness; pregnancy craving [thought to indicate t h e c h a r a c t e r of the child in the womb]. Alakemake 'oia i ka he'e, he ho'okauhua paha, she craves squid, probably because of her pregnancy. I ho'okauhua i kc kolea, no Kahiki ana ke keiki. with a pregnancy craving for plover, t h e child will be a traveler. 2. O r t h o g r a p h y ; to write down, note. Rare. Lit., place the word, k a u h u a . F r u i t season. k a u h u h l l . 1. House ridgepole. 2. E d g e of a precipice. k a u h u l u . Gathering of fish in schools near t h e surface of t h e sea. Cf. palauhvlu. Ua 'ike ait i ke kauhulu o ka i'a, I saw t h e gathering of fish schools near t h e surface, k a u i l a , k a u w l l a . 1. A native tree in t h e buckt h o r n family (Alphitonia ponderosa), found on t h e six main Hawaiian islands, with alternating leaves, oblong to narrow and woolly below; its hard wood was used for spears and mallets. I t s wood was one of three kinds f r o m trees on Mauna-loa, Molokai, t h a t were rumored to be poisonous f r o m t h a t location alone, and were used i n b l a c k magic. The three trees were called kalai-pahoa; t h e others were 'ohe and nioi. 2. A native tree in t h e b u c k t h o r n family (Colubrina oppositifolia), found only on Oahu and Hawaii, with opposite leaves, ovate and to seven inches long. I t s hard wood was valued for spears and tools, and was not reput_ed to be poisonous. Called o'a on M a u i . Cf. 'anapanapa. 3. Taboo ceremony consecrating a temple; ceremonial readorning of images with feathers. 4. H a r d , reddish rock resembling 'ala. 5. A kind of black, t o u g h s u g a r cane. Also maikoiko, ko-'ele'ele. 6. See puhi-kauila. k a u l l a - ' a n a p a n a p a . Same as 'anapanapa, a vine. k a u i l a h u l u h u l u . Temple ceremonies, during which images were readorned with feathers. (For. 4:201.) k a u i l a - k u k u k u . Same as kauila-'anapanapa. k a u i l a - m & h u . Same as 'olapa. k a u ' I p u k a . T o loiter about t h e door of a house as though desiring food gifts; one who does so. Lit., placed [at the] door, k a u k a . Doctor, physician; medical. Eng.

k a u k a h a ' l h a ' i I w l . Chiropractor. Lit., bonebreaking doctor, k a u k & h l . 1. Standing alone, solitary, by oneself, lone; persevering, singleness of purpose, regularity. Ma ke kaukahi kana hana 'ana, 'a'ole ma ka lauwili, his task was done with a singleness of purpose [or regularity], not with inconstancy. 2. Single canoe. Cf. kaulua. k a u k a h o l o h o l o n a . Veterinary. Lit., animal doctor. k a u k a h o ' o h a n a u . Obstetrician, k a u k a ' l . To depend on; one depended on. Kauka'i an i kona hana mai i ka maua hana, I depend on his doing our work. 'Ehia mea kauka'i ka pono ia 'oe? How m a n y people depend on you for livelihood? k a u k a k a h a . Surgeon. Lit., cutting doctor, k a u k a l a p a ' a u . Medical doctor. K a u - k a l i ' a . N a m e of a star, k a u k a l o m i l o m l . Osteopath. Lit., massage doctor. k a ' u k a m a . C u c u m b e r (Cucumis saticus), introduced. (Nah. 11.5.) Eng. K a u - k a m a l a m a . N a m e of a star t h a t rises with Kawelo-lani in t h e m o n t h of ' I k u w a .

kau ka m a n a ' o . See kau, 1. k a u k S n & w a l . To legislate, make or enact laws; lawmaker, legislation; legal, k a u k a n l , t a u s a n l . T h o u s a n d . Eng. k a u k a n l h o . Dentist. Lit., t o o t h doctor, k a u k a u . 1. C h a n t of l a m e n t a t i o n , as addressing the dead directly ; to advise, admonish, especially in a kindly or affectionate m a n n e r ; to weigh in t h e mind, deliberate, reason with (Hal. 13.'2), appeal to. Cf. kau, 3. He kaukau aloha na'u ia 'oe. a loving heart-to-heart talk with you. 2 . Redup. of kau, 1. h o ' o k a u k a u . To place, put, etc. 3. H e a p of stones used as a t e m p o r a r y altar. Cf. ahu. 4. Bird snare; to set or fix a bird snare. k a ' u k a ' u . 1. T o slow down, delay, procrastinate, hesitate, linger; inhibited, checked; reluctance. He aha ka mea o ke ka'uka'u 'ana? W h y be hesitant? h o ' o k a ' u k a ' u . To cause delay, linger. 2. Hemorrhoid or exterior obstruction to bowel evacuation, k a u k a u a l i ' i . Class of chiefs of lesser rank t h a n t h e high chief, t h e f a t h e r a high chief and t h e m o t h e r of lower r a n k b u t not a commoner. (For. 4:219.) Kona mau kaukauali'i (Laie 475), his lesser chiefs, k a u k a u k a l a l e . T a p - t a p , as of t a t t o o needle when it pierces t h e skin, k a ' u k a ' u l e l e . Nimble, active, joyful, as one leaping for joy. k a ' u k a ' u l l . R e d u p . of ka'uli. E Pele e! Ka'uka'uli (For. 5:339)! O Pele! Shishing along! k a ' u k a ' u l u a . Intensifier of ka'uka'u. Ka'uka'u lua 'ole, dauntless, quick, alert. Ku'upau na hana i ke akea, ka'uka'u lua 'ole i ka lehulehu (drinking song), unrestrained doings in public, unchecked by t h e crowd, k a u k a u n u . Redup. of kaunu. Le'a ke kaukaunu i na pua hala 'ai a ke klna'u (Kauai song), there is f u n in loving t h e t i p of t h e p a n d a n u s f r u i t of which klna'u eels are fond [if these fruits fall into t h e sea they are said to be eaten by klna'u eelsl. k a u k e p a . To fall or lie on a slant, as r a i n : slanting. Mehe manu la ka ua e kau kepa nei, e uiili nei i luna o ka la'au (chant for K a h a k u o-Hawai'i), like a bird t h e rain falls slanting, whirling a b o u t on t h e tops of trees, k a u k l n i , k a u s t n i . Cousin. Eng. k a u k o ' a . Short for kau 'oko'a, to place separately; to separate, k a u k o e . To continue or persevere in a s t r a i g h t course. E kaukoe aku 'oe i ka 'imi na'auao, go on with your education.

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k a ' u k o e — kaula llklnl. R i g g i n g , kaula lio. H a l t e r . Lit.,

k a ' u k o e . U n a r m e d spy in e n e m y c o u n t r y . ( M a l o , 2 0 2 . ) A l s o ka'uwo. Election season, election, on, as roots searching for m o i s t u r e ; t o c h a s e , f o l l o w ; t o p e r s e v e r e in m a k ing a request; creeping; petition. E kaukoloaku ana au i ku'u akua, e kala mai i ku'u hewa ia 'oe (old p r a y e r ) , I a m p l e a d i n g t o m y g o d , t o f o r give my wrongs to you. k a u k o l u . T r i p l e , t r i n i t y , g r o u p of t h r e e ( K e p . 27).

horse rope, k a u l a - l u a h l n e . L i n e r u n n i n g f r o m t h e p r o w of a c a n o e t o t h e a f t e r e n d , u s e d t o l a s h t h e 'ahu, o r m a t , u s e d f o r p r o t e c t i o n f r o m h i g h s e a s . Lit., old w o m a n line. K a ' u - l a m a - ' a k a l a . N a m e of a s t a r , kaula m a k a . R o p e m a d e of willow o r o t h e r g r e e n b a r k o r b r a n c h . ( L u n k . 16.7.) Lit., g r e e n cord.

k a u koho p i l o k a . kaukolo. T o c r e e p

k a u l a m a l i n a . Sisal rope.

k a u k o ' o . T o walk with a c a n e (ko'o); t o lean on, r e l y o n , d e p e n d 011. Fig., o l d a n d i n f i r m , h o ' o k a u k o ' o . T o cause to walk with a cane; to walk t h u s . Ua loa'a ia ' Alamila ke kuleana e ho'okauko'o aku ai maluna ona i na lawelawe kokua 'ana, A l m i r a o b t a i n e d t h e r i g h t t o d e p e n d 011 h i m for serving help, k a u k u k u l . C a n d l e s t i c k , l a m p s t a n d . Li!., p l a c e light. k a u l a . R o p e , cord, s t r i n g , line, s t r a p , t h o n g ; l a s h o r s t r o k e , a s of a w h i p (2 K o r . 1 1 . 2 4 ) ; a r c of a c i r c l e i n g e o m e t r y , k&ula. P r o p h e t , s e e r . K a ' u l a . 1 . N a m e of a n i s l e t o i l N i i h a u . S e e puaea f o r e x a m p l e . 2 . N a m e of a w i n d of P o h a k u - l o a , M a u i . ( F o r . 5 : 1 0 1 . ) 3 . (Not cap.) A sea bird, k a u l a ahl. W i c k . k a u l a ' a u . G r o w i n g i n a t r e e ; t o b e in a t r e e ; aU k i n d s of e p i p h y t i c p l a n t s . Pilali kukui kau la'au ( s o n g ) , c a n d l e n u t g u m o n t h e t r e e , kaula'ela'e. C l o u d l e s s , s t a n d i n g o u t c l e a r l y , plainly seen, k a u l a hao. C h a i n . Lit., i r o n r o p e , k a u l a he'e. S a m e a s kaula pahe'e. k a u l a ho'ohei. R o p e f o r l a s s o i n g o r e n s n a r i n g , k a u l a ho'olu'u kapa. C o r d f o r m a r k i n g t a p a . k a u l a hope. L i n e f r o m m a s t t o s t e r n , k a u l a huelo. T a i l s t r a p . kaula huki. D r a w s t r i n g , r o p e or cord to pull on. k a u l a h u k i pe'a. H a l y a r d . k a u l a ' i . T o h a n g u p , a s t o d r y in t h e s u n . Haka kaula'i, r a c k f o r d r y i n g , d r y i n g f r a m e . I'a kaula'i, fish h u n g o r s p r e a d f o r d r y i n g , kaula ihu. Line f r o m m a s t to bow (ihu). k a u l a ' i I w l . T o t a l k t o o m u c h of o n e ' s f a m i l y a f f a i r s o r a n c e s t o r s , t o tell the. c h e r i s h e d s t o r i e s , a n d c h a n t s of o n e ' s a n c e s t o r s (a t a u n t t o t h o s e w h o r e v e a l t o o m u c h of t h e H a w a i i a n p a s t ) . Lit., t o d r y o u t t h e b o n e s , m e a n i n g t o e x p o s e t h e b o n e s of t h e a n c e s t o r s , a c r i m e , ka'ulalki. T y p e of p i n k , s m o o t h , s o m e w h a t porous stone,

k a u l a i n o k u . 1. S h i p l i n e of a n y k i n d . 2 . B r o k e n rope, string. kaulana. 1. F a m o u s , c e l e b r a t e d , r e n o w n e d : f a m e ; t o b e c o m e f a m o u s . La kaulana, d a y of c e l e b r a t i o n o r f e s t i v i t y , f a m o u s d a y . ho'okaulana. T o m a k e f a m o u s , t o s p r e a d a r e p o r t c o n cerning a p e r s o n or t h i n g . 2. R e s t i n g place, place to p u t things; restful, quiet, k a u l a n a ' a ' a . H e a p of s t o n e s ,

kaulana

k a u l a ' i l a . To sun; t o bleach in t h e sun; sun bath.

k a u l a '111.

L e a t h e r rope, lassoing rope. Malama pono 'oe i ku'u kaula 'Hi, 0 pa'n aku 'oe i ka ho'ohei 'ia ( s o n g ) , w a t c h o u t f o r m y l e a t h e r rope, or you'll be c a u g h t in m y lasso, k a u l a ka'ili'ill. L i n e f r o m f o r w a r d o u t r i g g e r b o o m ('iako) t o p r o w t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e b o o m in storms. k a u l a k&llkl. L a c i n g s , c o r d s a s t h o s e b y w h i c h t h e c o c o n u t k n e e d r u m ( p u n i u hula) w a s t i e d t o t h e t h i g h of t h e p l a y e r , k a u l a k&ohi. R e i n s , c h e c k l i n e , k a u l a kaula'i Iole. C l o t h e s l i n e . Lit., l i n e t o d r y clothes, k a u l a kauwO. T o w l i n e . k a u l a kQpe'e. R o p e t o t e t h e r , a s h o r s e , c o w , o r Pigk a u l a lei. C o r d o n w h i c h flowers a r e s t r u n g i n t o a lei; c l u s t e r of f r u i t o r flowers g r o w i n g t o g e t h e r o n a s t e m like a lei; s t r e a m e r , k a u l a II. L a c i n g , a s f o r s h o e s o r c o r s e t , k a u l a II k a m a ' a . S h o e l a c e .

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'alna.

Land

administrator.

(For.

5:441.) K a u l a n a - a - k a l a . N a m e of a s t a r ; a p o n t i c n a m e for the west, k a u l a n a a Kane. R e s t i n g p l a c e of K a n e , s a i d t o b e 011 t h e i s l e t of K a ' u l a oH N i i h a u ; a l s o a poetic n a m e for t h e west, kaulanahaka. Bridge, trestle, k a u l a n a m a h i n a . T h e p o s i t i o n of t h e m o o n , k a u l a n a ' o l e l o . Heir by word-of-mouth rather t h a n b y w r i t t e n will; t o m a k e a will v e r b a l l y ; a v e r b a l will, k a u l a n a w a ' a . Place where canoes stop, as w h i l e fishing, k a u l a n i . T o r e l y 011 t h e c h i e f , t o s u p p o r t t h e c h i e f , t o p u t c o n f i d e n c e in t h e c h i e f . I ke kapu. 'a'ole e pono. 'o ka pono 0 ka 'aina e kaulani ( c h a n t f o r K e k a - u l u - o l i i ) . i n t h e t a b o o t h e r e is n o s a l v a t i o n , t h e s a l v a t i o n of t h e l a n d is in upholding t h e chief, kaula o. S p r i t l i n e . kaula 'Ohl'a. S t r o n g o u t r i g g e r l a s h i n g u s e d o n d e e p - w a t e r c a n o e s , p r o b a b l y so c a l l e d b e c a u s e of t h e h a r d n e s s of 'ohi'a w o o d , kaula '6pfl. S a d d l e g i r t h . Lit., s t o m a c h r o p e , kaula p a ' a lima. L e a s h . Lit., r o p e h e l d h a n d , kaula paepac. S h e e t f r o m b o o m t o a f t e r o u t r i g g e r b o o m ( ' i a k o hope). kaula pahe'e. Kheet, a s t o r a i s e a s a i l . Lit., s l i d i n g line. kaula p a ' f l . L i n e h o l d i n g i n p l a c e t h e c a n o e pa'u, c o v e r , kaula pO. S h i p s h r o u d , kaula uaki. W a t c h c h a i n , kaula uila. S t r e a k of l i g h t n i n g , kaula waha. 1. B r i d l e , r e i n s ; t o b r i d l e . Lit., m o u t h c h a i n . 2. L i n e e x t e n d i n g f r o m sail t i p t o t h e 'iako, b o o m , 011 t h e e d g e of t h e c a n o e , kaula wahine. P r o p h e t e s s , p r i e s t e s s , k a u l e l . 1 . T o o h i g h ; t o o s h o r t , a s a d r e s s . Fig.. i n s e c u r e , i n f i r m . He i'a pa kaulei, a fish a l m o s t h o o k e d . 2 . T o r e s t , h a n g , b e p l a c e d . He aha la kela mea e kaulei maila ma'o? W h a t t h e n is t h a t resting over there? k a u l e i . T o sell l e i s ; t o h a n g leis. Wahine kau lei, lei seller. Ua hele akula i ke kau lei, h a v i n g g o n e t o sell leis. kauleilei. R e d u p . of kaulei.

k a u l e l n a . Insecurity.

kaulele. 1.

T o t a k e flight; s o a r i n g , o n t h e w i n g . Ahikaulele, rocket. 2. I n t e r j e c t i o n , e x c l a m a t i o n , s t r e s s ; t o a c c e n t in m u s i c . Kaulele ma ka pana malalo, a c c e n t t h e d o w n b e a t . Kaulele iki, s e c o n d a r y stress, in music. 3. E x t r a o r d i n a r y , over a n d a b o v e t h e o r d i n a r y , e x t r a , a d d e d o n . He aloha kaulele ia 'oe, e ka hoa luhi, e x t r a l o v e f o r y o u , O f e l l o w l a b o r e r . Uku kaulele, interest (money); extra charge.

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k a u n a ' o a - m a l o l o

k a u l e - l o a . An 'o'opu (fish) f o u n d in brackish water. Lit., t h e long penis, k a u l e o . To urge, exhort, enjoin, advise, comm a n d . Lit., to place t h e voice. E kauleo aku ana au id 'oe, e ku'u kama, e noho max kaua e pono ai, I advise you, m y child, it is better for you to remain with me. k a u l l . T o show off, play t h e d a n d y , k a ' u l i . T o creep along, m o v e with a hissing sound, as fire, k a u l i a . 1. Passive/imperative of kau, 1; hung, suspended, hanging. 2. {Cap.) N a m e of a star called t h e chief of t h e m o n t h of Ikiiki because it a p p e a r s in t h a t m o n t h , k a u l i ' i l i ' i . To scatter here and there in small quantities; to divide or d i s t r i b u t e small amounts, k a u l i k e . Equality, justice; equal, impartial, just; parallel; to balance evenly, m a k e alike, treat fairly and impartially, dispense justice; to arrive at t h e same t i m e (For. 4:293); par. Pono kaulike, equal rights and justice for all. Kaha kaulike, paral_lel_line, llelu kaulike, even number. Luna Kanauai Ki'eki'e a Kaulike, Chief Justice, h o ' o k a u l i k e . T o equalize. Ho'okaulike ho'oka'a, equalization of payments, k a u l i k l . Southeast. Eng. k a u Ho. T o ride horseback. Koa kau Ho, cavalry, k a u l o l o a . To ask f r e q u e n t l y , tease; importunate, k a u l o n a . To observe closely, to direct a t t e n t i o n to, a i m at. I luna ona na maka o ke anaina kahuna kahi i kaulona ai, the eyes of the company of priests watched him with interest, k a u l u . 1. Ledge, step, jog, as on a cliff. He kanaka no kaulu hanai (saying), a man f r o m the high cliff ledge [a prominent man J- 2. (Cap.) Southern Cross. Also called Ncu e. 3. All species of an endemic genus (Pteralyxia), small trees related to maile, found only on Oahu and Kauai, resembling 'ala'a (Planchonella) with its shiny, oblong leaves. F r u i t s are paired, red, ovoid, and each contains one large winged seed. (Neal 603.) 4. Same as 'ala'a (Planchonella), a tree. 5. Same as aulu, 5, and lonomea, Sapindus oahuensis, a tree. 8. Neighborhood, locality, place. Cf. kaiaulu. k a u l u . Var. of kaunu. K a u l u - . N a m e s of several stars begin thus, as Kaulu-i-kua, Kaulu-ko'ako'a, and Kaulu-lena. T h e last is said to be a var. of Kaulua-lena. See Kaulua. k a u l u a . 1. Double canoe, pair, span, yoke, two of a k i n d ; to p u t together, to yoke or harness together, to double in q u a n t i t y . Fig., twonatured. Cf. kaukahi. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a month. See Malo 33, Kep. 89. 3. (Cap.) One of t h e m a n y names for t h e star Sirius; according to some-reports, a constellation. T h e n a m e m a y be qualified by t h e terms koko (said to be Betelgeuse), lena (Sirius), mohai, okaoka. k a ' i l l u a . Slackness, delay, procrastination, hesitation; to delay, procrastinate; remiss in fulfilling a promise, n o ' o k a ' u l u a . T o cause delay, etc. k a u l u a l i o . To harness or p u t t w o horses together. k a u l u ' a n u ' u . Ledge or terrace. K a u l u - l e n a . See Kaulua. k a u l u w a h a . Var. of kaunu waha. k a u l u w e h i . To decorate, adorn, especially with greenery. Cf. uluwehi. k a u l u w e l a . 1. Glowing, bright-colored, colorful. 2. Swarming; innumerable. Kauluwela ka moana i na 'au wa'a kaua o Kalani-lopu'u; aia na koa ke 'a'ahu la i ko lakou mau 'ahu'ula o na waiho'olu'u like 'ole, t h e ocean was swarming with t h e fleet of war canoes of K a l a n i - ' o p u ' u ; t h e warriors were wearing their f e a t h e r cloaks of varied colors. 3. Taboo ceremony in honor of t h e akua loa, long god, of t h e makahiki harvest festival. k a u m a h a . 1. H e a v y ; weight, heaviness. Fig., sad, depressed, h o ' o k a u m a h a . T o burden,

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load down. Fig., to oppress, cause sadness or grief; oppressive, burdensome. 2. Sacrifice, offering; to make an offering or sacrifice. Kaumaha a'e ana ia Laka, t o offer to Laka. k a u m a h a *al. Food offering to t h e gods. Pule kaumaha 'ai (Kep. o5), prayer before eating, k a u m a h a l u a . Very heavily laden; bearing a heavy load, especially of one drenched with water. Fig., extremely sad. k a u m a h a n a . N a t i v e mistletoes. Also called hulu-moa. k a u m a ' l . Period or t i m e of sickness, k a u m a k a Mole. Obs. var. of haumaka'iole. k a u - m a k a - n u l . Ocean sunfish (Mola mola). Lit., big eyes placed, k a u m a l u m a l u . To overlook faults of others. Lit., to place shade. k a ' u m a n a . See makua-ka'umana, a star, k a u m a n u . 1. Paper mulberry too old to be used for t a p a . Obs. 2. M e t h o d of catching birds by tying a caterpillar and a stick at one end of a string; when t h e bird swallows the caterpillar the stick lodges in his t h r o a t , k a u m a u . Regular session, as of legislature, k a ' u m e k e . Hanger for 'umeke, bowls, k a u m e l e . M a r k s showing r h y t h m in songs. Hare. k a u m o k o i . Hack to hold fish poles, k a u m o l l . Stick a b o u t four inches long with holes down its middle, used to hold gunwales in place while they are being sewed on with sennit. k a u r n o ' o . 1. To splice, mend a f r a c t u r e with a splint; to fasten canoe gunwale; wooden canoe clamp. 2. Perched high. 3. Uncertain, hesitant. 'A'ole i ho'omau 'ia ka hana, kaurno'o wale no i ke akaaka 'ole, work was not continued, j u s t uncertainty with lack of clarity. 4. T o point out or d e t e r m i n e boundaries of a mo'o land division. k a u m u k u . 1. Too short; shrinking away, as in kaudistaste. 'F.'eke ka pi'i pali o Mauna-hina, muku, 'ekeke'i i ka wai o ka liko (chant for Kua-kini), tho climber of M a u n a - h i n a cliff shrinks away, d r a w s away, shrinks f r o m t h e moisture of t h e leaf buds. 2. Wind squall, k a u n a . 1. Placement, hanging, appearance. Cf. kau, 1. 2. C o u n t (title of nobility). Eng. k a u n a . Four. 'Ekolu kauna, twelve, k a u n a k e k e , k a u n a t e s e . Countess. Eng. k a u n a k o m a . Q u o t a t i o n marks, k a u n a l e p o . Var. of kaunalipo. k a u n a l l p o . T h e south; s o u t h e r n skies. Lit., dist a n t placement, k a u n a l o a . Perseverance; to persevere. Kaunaloa i ka 'imi na'auao, determined perseverance in seeking education, k a u n a n a . Var. of kaulana. Kaunana paldmoa (For. 6:472), d a r k clouds coming into t h e sky. k a u n a n a . T o discover, perceive (Oih. 27.39). k a u n a ' o a . 1. A n a t i v e dodder (Cuscuta sandwichiana), belonging to t h e morning-glory f a m ily, a leafless, parasitic vine, growing densely on other plants. T h e numerous, slender, orange stems are used for orange leis to represent t h e island of Lanai. Hihi kauna'oa, hihi Mdna, aloha wale ia la'au kumu 'ole (saying), tangled parasite vine, tangled M a n a , pity for this vine without a t r u n k [of parasites or helpless folk). (Neal 626.) 2. A mollusk (Vermetidae sp.). (Ed. 154.) In a d u l t stage it becomes solidly fixed t o rocks; c u t s resulting f r o m stepping on it are considered deadly poisonous by Hawaiians. T h e mollusk was believed somehow related to t h e dodder. Also called kio, una'oa. k a u n a ' o a - k a h a k a l . Same as kauna'oa-lei. Lit., beach kauna'oa. k a u n a ' o a - l e i . Same as kauna'oa, 1 1. k a u n a ' o a - m & l o l o . Same as kauna oa-pehu. Lit., malolo (flying fish) kauna'oa, so called because

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kauna'oa-pehu

k a u p a u . An edible brown seaweed (Chnoospora paci/ica),_ with many slender branches. Also called wawahi-wu'a. k a u p e . 1. Humble, timid and cringing, crushed; to walk in a feeble, wobbly manner, as a sick or aged_ person. 2 . T o put forward, of a paddle. E kaupe aku no i ka hoe, e ko mai i ka hoe, o hoe, put forward the paddle, draw the paddle toward you, paddle! k a u p e ' a . Crisscross, interwoven. Kl kaupe'a, ti leaves crossed as a sign of taboo. Hihia i loko o ke alohiki kaupe'a, intermingled, mixed in a family united by several marriages. Ua kaupe'a 'ia na hae, the Hags are on crossed staffs, k a u p i l i . Beloved wife or friend, beloved friendship united in such close relationship. Lit., place clinging. K a u p O . A variety of native bananas, perhaps named for the place on Maui. Also called waimuhea. k a u p o ' l . Median canoe-bow cover, k a u p o k u . 1. Ridgepole, highest point, roof, attic. Fig., greatest. (Often used without ke', for example see 'olepe pu.) Ki'eki'e kaupoku o Hanalei, the high ridgepole of Hanalei [said of conceited or wilful persons; a pun on a place name at Hanalei]. Kahiko kc. noni i Kama'e, ke kaupoku la o ke 'ala (chant for Lili'u-okalani), beauty adorns K a m a ' e , the greatest fragrance. Ka home kaupoku 'ole, home without a ridgepole [of a prison or unhappy household]. 2 . T o thatch, k a u p o k u ' i o l e . Second ridgepole placed above the main ridgepole. Lit., rat ridgepole, k a u p o ' o h l w l . Anything placed on the shoulder, as a cloak or musket; to place on the shoulders, to shoulder. Ilunohano O'ahu i ka 'ilima, kohu manu 'o'o kau po'ohiwi, glorious is Oahu with the 'ilima, like a [cape of] 'o'o [feathers] on the shoulders. k a ' u p u . 1. Gannet or booby bird. Ka'upu hehi 'ale, billow-treading ka'upu. 2 . A native, rather narrow fern (Poli/sUchum hillcbrandii) with scaly stems, the fronds twice divided. Also called papa'oi. k a u p u a . 1. S a m e as 'opua. Ke kaupua maila na ao, the clouds are gathering in banks. 2 . Sport: swimming or diving for half-ripe gourds. (Malo 233.) k a u p u a . T o place flowers, as on graves. La Kau Pua, Decoration D a y . k a u w a . Untouchable, outcast, pariah; a caste which lived apart and was drawn on for s a c r r ficial victims; slave; servant. T h e term kauwa sometimes connotes great opprobrium. E p i t h e t s for these people were kauwa 'ai noa, outcast who eats without observation of eating taboos^ kauwa kuapa'a, hard-back outcast. Kauwa make loa 'oei Y o u are an outcast to be killed! I'll kill you! Kauwa a ke Akua, servant of God. h o ' o k a u w S . T o burden with work, to make a servant of, to a c t as a servant or outcast,

this plant was spread over malolo caught in a canoe t o k e e p them from escaping. Sometimes called malolo or pololo. k a u n a ' o a - p e h u . A greenish-yellow dodder vine (Cassytha filiformis), belonging to the laurel family, distributed from Polynesia west to Africa. I t is coarser than t h e native orange dodder (Cuscula sandwichiana). Lit., swollen kauna'oa. Also called kauna'oa-malolo, kauna'oa-uka. k a u n a ' o a - u k a . Same as kauna'oa-pehu. Lit., upland kauna'oa. k a u n a w a h i n e . Countess. Lit., female count (End.). k a ' u n C . Slow, lagging, delaying. k a u n e ' I n e ' l . T o hang short. Cf. ne'ine'i, 'ekeke'i. k a u n l h l n l h i . Holding on precariously. Lit., resting on the edges. Also kaunukunuku. k a u n o ' a . 1. Var. of kauna'oa, 1, 2 . A rough seaweed (Galaxaura rugosa). Cf. pakalakala. k a u n u . Var. of kaulu, 6. Kaunu a na lau, a place of verdure, especially one frequented by birds. Lit., place of leaves. k a u n u . T o make love; to love; thrill of love, k a u n u k u n u k u . Same as kaunihinihi. k a u n u n u . 1. Pole set up as indicative of taboo. 2 . Hold in lua fighting.

k a u n u » a h a . Insincere love-making.

k a u O . Var. spelling of kauwo. k a ' u o . Var. spelling of ka'uwo. k a u ' o ' e . King's bodyguard, k a u o h a . Order, command, testament, decree, will, message, s t a t e m e n t ; to order, command, decree, entrust, bequest, commit into the hands of; to order, as groceries or goods. Kauoha 'ia, entrusted, as to God's power. Ma ke kauoha, legal notice. 'Ouli kauoha, sign of the imperative. He kauoha na ka 'aha, a judicial decree. Ke'ehia i ka ho'ounauna, ke'ehia i ke kauoha (prayer), trample on the evil messenger, trample on the evil order. Make kauoha 'ole, die intestate, without a will. Keiki kane lawe kauoha, messenger boy.

K a u o h a Hou. New Testament.

Kauoha Kahlko. Old Testament,

k a u o k a h l k l . S a m e as 'ohi'a-ha. k a u ' o k o ' a . Placed apart; to separate. k a u O l a n l . Var. spelling of kauwolani. K a u - ' G p a e . N a m e for t h e star Sirius. K a i l - ' O p u a . N a m e of a star. k a u p & . T o walk straight. 06s. k a u p a k u . Common var. of kaupoku. k a u p a l e . Boundary, barrier, partition; d a m ; to serve as a boundary; to thrust aside, parry, limit; to cover an oven, especially with rocks on its edge to keep earth out; to disown or sever relationship. Lit., place ward off. Ua kaupale mai ku'u kaikamahine ia'u, my daughter disowned me. h o ' o k a u p a l e . T o cause a separation, barrier; to disown, k a u p a l e ' I I I . T o draw t h e color line. Lit., to m a k e a skin boundary, k a u p a l e n a . T o limit, mark a border, set a deadline; limitation, deadline. Kaupalena 'ia, limited (as an incorporated c o m p a n y ) . Me na kaupalena 'ole, unconditional, without a deadline. Ke kaupalena 'ana i ka mana'o, imposition of a condition. h o ' o k a u p a l e n a . Causative/simulative, k a u p a l e w a e n a . F e n c e or boundary between one patch of land (.waena) and another, k a u p a o n a . Scales, weight; to weigh. Fig., to consider. Lit., place pound (Eng.). Luna kau paona (Isa. 33.18), receiver, k a u p a p a . A generation back. Cf. kau 'apa'apa.

kau waena. Arbitrator.

k a u w a h i . Some, a little, a few; something; some place. Cf. kau, 1Z\ wahi\ kekahi. Na'u ho'i kauwahi i'a, let me have a little fish. Na'u ho'i kauwahi o ka i'a, let me have a part of the fish. Hiki akula au ma ke kauwahi, a moe ihola i loko o kekahi ana, I went to a certain place and slept inside a cave, k a u w a h o ' o l u h l . Any type of kauwa. who works hard; vassal. Lit., oppressed kauwa. k a u w a i . T o pour out water, irrigate, moisten, k a u w a k l k o n l . Kauwa, pariah, branded with dot in t h e middle of tho forehead. Lit., dotted pariah. k a u w a l a e p u n l . Kauwa, pariah, with t a t t o o e d label on temples. Lit., outcast surrounded forehead. k a u w a l e . T o put or place for no reason; to ride free of charge; to ride bareback, k a ' u w a l i . T o jiggle, joggle. Obs. Kaua i ka holo ka'uwali (song), we two joggling along.

ka'upapS. Limp. Obs.

k a u p a p a l o ' l . B a n k of a taro patch.

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k a w e l e w e l e

kauwa p a ' a u a . Drudge; to be a drudge. K a u w a - ' u l a . Var. spelling of

Kaua-'ula.

kauwawe, kauawe. 1. Covering of ti leaves

made with t h e stems tied together, and the leaves spread out fanwise, formerly used on the oven, replaced today by gunny sacks. Also called kauwewe. 2 . Ruffle for the neck, as worn by Elizabethans,

kauweke. Southwest. Eng.

k a u w e l a . Summer, hot season, k a u w e l e . Grass, weeds hanging over fresh water. Cf. welu, rag, and kauivelu.

kauwelu. Var. of kauwele.

k a u w e l u . T o hang conspicuously a tapa as a taboo sign. Lit., hang rag.

kauwewe. Var. of kauwawe. k a u w l l a . Var. spelling of

kauwlli. To mingle, mix.

kauila.

k a u w O . 1. T o drag, haul, draw along. Kauwo huluhulu, to drag along roughly, as a canoe hull t h a t is shredded (huluhulu), or a child who is bruised. Kauwo ka hiki, possible to move by dragging. Pipi kauwo, oxen. Kauwo a lupe, same as kaualupe. h o ' o k a u w O . T o cause to be dragged; to prolong vowels in chanting. 2 . Yolk or white of an egg. Cf. kauwo ke'oke'o, kauwo melemele. 3 . Loud type of prayer, usually a t makahiki harvest festival. Cf. wowd, ho'okawowo. k a ' u w o . Same as ka'ukoe. k a u w o h a . Spelling used in letters by Queen E m m a for kauoha.

kauwo ke'oke'o. White of an egg.

k a u w O l a n l . 1. High shelf or place where chiefs hung or placed {kau) their clothes. Cf. holopapa. 2 . T o express admiration of a chief, as in chant,

kauwo lupe. Var. of kaualupe. kauwO melemele. Yolk of egg.

k a u w o w a ' a . T o drag a canoe, especially an unfinished canoe from the mountain forest to the shore to be finished,

kauwowo. Var. of kawouio.

k a w a . 1. Leaping place, as a precipice from which a swimmer leaps into a pool. Ki'o kawa, a pool below a precipice from which swimmers leap. 2 . T o assassinate, strike in t h e dark, kill and rob. Rare. k a w a . Distance between two points. Pehea ke kawa mawaena o na hale? W h a t ' s the distance between the houses? 'O ke ku'i keia, 'o ka holo keia, moe kawa, hapala ka 'ele (For. 4:57, konane chant), this is a stroke, t h a t is a run, a space lies between, the black is blotted. Kawa loa ka manao o laua, their opinions are far apart, k&vva'a. 1. T o cast overboard from a canoe, as fish nets or as a victim to be executed a t sea; a method of deep-sea fishing with nets. 2 . Call of the curlew bird, believed to s a y : "I kawa'a, e holo, ua nui ke kai o ke aumoe, let's do canoe net fishing, sail, the sea is high a t m i d n i g h t . " k a w a ' a . Canoe bailer; to bail a canoe, k & w a e . 1. T o bring up t h e foot, as in sitting cross-legged on a m a t ; to draw to one with the foot; to trip with the foot. 2 . Var. name for pa'ao'ao, a disease, k & w a ' e . 1. T o t r e a t in a mean way, to underrate others and treat them as of no value. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star, k a w a ' e - k u . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting, k f t w a ' e w a ' e . 1. Kind of stone or coral, as used in polishing canoes, or in rubbing off pig bristles. 2 . T o pay out a fishline while deep-sea fishing; a binding line. Obs. k S w a h a . V a c a n t ; hollow; furrowed, as a sea with waves; hollowed, as a log; fissured. Cf. waha, mouth, opening, k & w a h a w a h a . Redup. of kawaha. k a w a i . 1. L a s t liquor run off in distillation, very thin and watery (wai), especially of brew made of ti root or cane; extremely weak and watery

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liquor. 'A'ohe ikaika 'o keia lama, he kawai wale no, this rum has no strength, it is nearly all water. 2 . S a m e as maniawai, drowsy. 3 . (Cap.) N a m e of a navigation s t a r (no data), k a w a i h e m e . E x t r e m e l y watery kawai. He kawai hemo keia, this is j u s t water, the very end of the brew. k a w a k a w a . 1 . ISonito, little tunny (Euthynnus yaito). Sometimes called pohopoho. Growth stages are kma'u (immature), 'ahua, and kawakawa (adult). 2 . Dampish, saturated. Ua kawakawa kahi moe i ka wai, this sleeping place is saturated with moisture. k a w a k a w a Q . Redup. of kawau. k a w a l a . 1. Scattered here and there, sparse, inadequate, insufficient; unintelligible, of speech, h o ' o k a w a l a . T o make sparse; to eat sparingly; to talk unintelligibly. 2 . T o throw with force. kua, to strike Cf. wala, to throw, tip. Kawala from behind. k a w a l a w a l a . Redup. of kawala. 'Olelo kawalawala, speech of which only a word here and there is understood. He ma'ona kawalawala, insufficiently filled after eating. kUwao. 1. A variety of sweet potato. 2 . T o work in unity; exclamation urging people to work together. Obs. K a w a - o - M a k a l i ' l . N a m e of a constellation in the Milky Way. Lit., precipice of JNlakali'i. K a w a o - n u i - a - O l a . N a m e of a star appearing in the month of Hilinama. Lit., the great forests of Life. k a w a Q . Damp, wet with cold, moist with fog; wet, as in a cold sweat. Cf. u (moist), ma'u, ho'u. k a w a ' u . 1. Same as wa'u, to scrape. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star. 3 . S a m e as hea'e, a variety of Fagara dipetala, the wood of which was used for tapa-beating anvils. 4 . S a m e as pukiawe. Lanai, Maui. 5 . Same as uhiuhi, a tree. Maui. 6. A native holly (Ilex anomala f. sandicicensis), a rather common shrub or tree, with shiny, oval leaves and panicles of small, white flowers and small, round, black fruits. (Neal 463.) Also called laiea. 7 . T o detain, delay, keep back. (A P.) k a w a ' u p u ' u . T y p e of stone from which sinkers for squid fishing were made. (Malo 19.) k a w e l e . T o work or act slowly and in moderation, as in paddling a canoe or farming; slow, lingering, as disease, k a w e l e . 1. Kind of c h a n t with clear, distinct pronunciation, somewhat like kepakepa but slower. 2 . A hula step: one foot makes a half circle forward and to the side without touchiug the floor; usually in combination with other steps as t h e j i o l o or 'uwehe\ to do this step. Often called 'ai kawele, kawele style. 3 . Towel, napkin, dishcloth; to wipe or dry with a cloth. (Eng., towel.) E kawele mai i ke pa, dry the dish, h o ' o k a w e l e . T o wipe, pretend to wipe, k a w e l e ' a . Sphyraena helleri, a smaller relative of the kaku, a fish. Cf. hauhlli.

kawele ' a u ' a u . Bath towel,

kawele holoi. Washcloth,

k a w e l e k a . S a m e as koweloka. k a w e l e p a . Dish towel; to wipe dishes with a towel. k a w e l e w a i . T o mop or wipe with wet cloth or water. k a w e l e w e l e . 1 . Ropes, especially those attached to 'iako, outrigger booms, to assist in righting a capsized canoe; lines attached to a fish net; person or canoe a t the head of a line being pulled. Fig., to recall something_ almost forgotten; dim memory J Also kakawelewele. 'O Kama ke akua i ke kawelewele, K a m a was t h e god [who held] the end of the rope being pulled. A i loa'a ho'i ke kawelewele, pono iki no ia manawa, when an almost forgotten thought is recalled, it helps a little for the time being. 2 .

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k a w e l o

Goatee. 3. Redup. of kawele. 4. Redup. of kawele. k a w e l o . A variety of sweet potato. K a w e l o - a l i ' l . N a m e of a star said to rise during the month of Hilinehu, and to be accompanied by the star Kamalama. Lit., the royal family, k a w e l o k a . Var. of koweloka. k a w e l o - k u p a . A variety of mountain sweet potato. I t has heart-shaped leaves and hard tubers, and is very sweet. K a w e l o - l a n i . N a m e of a star that rises_ with Kau-kamalama in the month of 'Ikuwa and disappears shortly, k&welowelo. T o flutter, whip, as a flag in the wind. k a Weill. 1. T h e wind-blown grass (Eragrostis variabilis), famous in songs of Nu'u-anu pali. Also called kalamalo and 'emo-loa. 2. Hula step: one f o o t taps time with the heel, the toes being stationary, while the other foot, flat, steps forward and then a little back, twice or more; the step is repeated reversing the feet. In English this is called the Kalakaua step because the step is used to begin the hula dedicated to Kalakaua:_KYi/a-/caua no he inoa, ka pua mae 'ole i ka la, a name chant f o r Kalakaua. the flower that wilts not in the sun. 3. A kind of seaweed. 4. A type of house thatching. K a w e o . N a m e of a star (no data), k a w e w e . 1. T o clatter, as dishes; to roar, as a sudden downpour; to snap or crackle; such a roaring, clatter, crackling. Ke kawewe mai nei ka ua, the rain suddenly pours down. 2. Same as kauwawe. k&wl. T o press, wring (Hit, squeeze out, as fruit juice. (Also kowi. Of. 'uwi.) K & w i k a . David. Eng. k&will. T o mix ingredients, blend; to ensnare birds, as withJime; entwined, interwoven, interlaced. Lepo kawili, clay, adobe. Ka po'e kawili manu 'o'o, people who ensnared 'o'o. kftwlll ka'ek&. T o entangle, involve, interweave, k a w i l i l a ' a u . T o mix ingredients, drugs, medicine; pharmacist. k a w l U p a l a o a . Flour mill; to grind flour, k&wlliwili. Redup. of kawili. k a w i l l w l l i h u m u h u m u . Sewing machine worked by hand rather than by a f o o t treadle, k a w o a . Savoy, common cabbage with curled leaves. k a w o w o . Seedling; thrifty young plant; shoot f r o m a parent stalk; to multiply and thrive, as a plant or people. Fig., progeny. Kau mau kawowo hope loa (For. 4:209), your most distant progeny. -kftwowO. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k a w O w o . T o roar, as a wind or waterfall. Cf. wowo, roar, ke. 1. Demonstrative, same as ka, often translated " t h e . " See Gram. 3.3. Ke replaces ka before all words beginning with k-, a-, e-, and o-, and before some words beginning with p- or the glottal stop. 2. Contraction of ka mea e, the one who will, should, or is; the thing that is, will, should. 'O wau ke hele a'e i ka hale ku'ai, let me go to the store; lit., subject I the-onewho-should go obliquely t o the store. '0 ka makuahine wale no ke noho ana, the mother was the only one staying. 3. A particle meaning "when, i f " in a statement. See Gram. 4.3. I ko makou wa kamali'i, ke ho'olele aku i na lupe, huhu maila na kupuna, in our childhood, when we flew kites the grandparents scolded. Ke hele 'oe, hele au, if you go, I'll go. 4. A particle connecting certain forms, as hiki and pono, with following verbs. Hiki ia'u ke hele, I can go. Pono ke hele, right to go. kC. 1. Protest, complaint, criticism; critic, especially a hula critic; formerly a hula master who was invited by another hula master to criticize his class; t o criticize; to push, shove, struggle against,_oppose, shun, avoid, abstain from, refuse. Ke 'ai, to fast. Nui ke ke o ka po'e i kela

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puke, there was much protest by the people about that book. h o ' o k e . T o crowd, elbow, push aside, struggle, oppress, shun. Fig., to beset with difficulties. Ho'oke 'ai, to fast. Ho'oke a maka, to f a v o r some at the expense of others, as of relatives. Ho'oke ihu, to blow the nose. Na weliweli ho'oke, oppressing terrors. Ka'ula i ka ho'oke a na manu (saying). Ka'ula [Island] is narrow because of the crowding of birds [of a crowded place). 2. T o clang, as a bell or gong; to dingdong, strike, as a clock. 3. T o flatten out, adjust to a surrounding level, as in removing a heap of earth. Rare. 4. Player of the puhenehene game. Ho'omau maila na ke o kela 'ao'ao e koho i kahi i waiho ai ka no'a, the players of that side continued to guess where the no'a was placed. 5. See leleke. 6. Same as ka, the interjection. (1 Kor. 15.36.) 7. T h e letter " k . " kea. 1. White, clear; fair-complexioned person, often favorites at court ( M a l o 201); shiny! white mother-of-pearl shell. Cf. keakea, kekea. Po'o kea, towhead, gray-haired person. One kea, white sand [this is shortened to okea or kea, as in the expression kea pili mai, drift gravel, vagabond). 2. Breast milk. Seo Nu'a-kea. 3. A variety of sugar cane. One of the best-known and most-used canes, especially in medicine; clumps erect, dense, of medium height; pith white. ( I I P 223-225.) Ua ola a 'o ko-kea, living until kea cane tassels [until the hair turns gray). 4. N a m e listed by Hillebrand for kalamona. shrubs. 5. Share, as of stock; stock. Eng. k e ' a . 1. Cross, crucifix, any crossed piece; main house purlin; sticks connecting canoes of a double canoe. Fig., to hinder, obstruct, intercept, block; obstruction. Cf. ke'ahakahaka, ke'apa'a. h o ' o k e ' a . T o cross, block, obstruct, hinder. 2. Bow, dart; to shoot with bow and arrow (For. 4:259). 3. M a l e animal reserved for breeding; virile male. Ku i ke ke'a, like the sire (of a child). 4. Pleurisy. ( A P . ) k e ' a a w a i l e l a . Fishhook with more than one barb; small stick with hooks at each end and line in the middle, as used for small fish. Obs. kc'ae. T o saturate, soak in. k e ' a h a k a h a k a . 1. Abdomen. 2. Ladder with crosspieces, a poetic reference to the ladders used to scale Kauai precipices. Obs. k e a h l . A small native tree (.Nesoluma polynesicum), with milky sap and oblong, alternate leaves. K e a h l - l e l e . N a m e of a star that rises in the month of Welehu, accompanied by Kealohilani. Lit., the firebrand. K e a h o - I e h l . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting; fish was taboo to the learner. k e ' a h o ' o h a n o h a n o . Honorary cross or medal. ke 'al. See ke, 1. k e a k a . 1. Theater, theatrical. Eng. Hale keaka, theater building. Hana keaka, to act in the theater; show business; a play. Mea hana keaka, actor. Wahine hana keaka, actress. Keaka lio, horse show, circus. Keaka nika, minstrel show. 2. Jack (in a deck of cords). Eng. 3. T o chat, speak. Eng. keakea. Semen. Fig., child, seed. Poho i ka malama i ko ha'i keakea (saying), bad luck f r o m caring for the children of others [said in anger at a foster child), k e ' a k e ' a . Redup. of ke'a, 1. Ke'ake'a 'ia e na au, blocked by the currents [as a ship). E ke'ake'a ai i ka kaua ho'ohiki ( L a i e 383), to circumvent our oath. k e a k u l a , t e a s u r a . Box, a tree or shrub. (Isa. 41.19.) k e ' a l a ' a u . A stick game like peowee: one player pries a small stick up from the ground with a longer stick, hits it, and tries to run to a point and back before his opponent can catch it. Lit., wooden cross. K e a l a - k a ' a . N a m e of a star. Lit., the rolling pathway.

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k e i k i

K e a l o h i . N a m e of a star t h a t a p p e a r s on t h e night of H o a k a in t h e m o n t h of K a ' a o n a a f t e r t h e disappearance of Pau-ahi-lani; it in t u r n vanishes in Welehu. Lit., t h e brightness. K e a l o h i - l a n l . A star t h a t rises on t h e n i g h t of Mauli in t h e m o n t h of Welo a n d continues t h r o u g h t h e m o n t h of Mahoe-mua, when it vanishes on t h e night of M u k u . A ring a r o u n d it is said to p o r t e n d a coming revolution. Lit., t h e heavenly brightness, - k e a m a k a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o k d a m a k a . Selfish, ungracious, as one eating in t h e presence of others; partial; partiality, k e a n a h a . A specially built place reserved for t h e high chief on t h e p l a t f o r m of a double canoe, k e ' a p a ' a . H u m a n chest. Lit., solid cross, k e ' a p u a . To shoot or slide arrows m a d e of t h e stems of sugar-cane tassels. K e ' a ' U l a ' u l a . Red Cross, k e a u - m & h l n a . A variety of sweet p o t a t o . K e a w e . N a m e of a southern star, said to be n a m e d for an ancient king, k e ' e . 1. Crookedness^fault, defect, flaw; crooked, full of faults. Nana ke'e, to look a t with disfavor, look for faults. 'A'ohe pu'u, 'a'ohe ke'e, no physical defects, 110 flaws [common description of a h a n d s o m e person]. Noho ke'e, to sit crookedly; in disagreement, opposition, h o ' o k e 4 e . T o m a k e a t u r n , as in cutting paper or cloth; t o turn, as in walking; to bend, f o r m an angle. Ho'oke'e i ka wawae, to walk by crossing t h e feet one in f r o n t of t h e other, as in some kinds of s q u a r e dancing. 2. Same as ke'ena\ nook. Rare. 3. A stone used for adzes. k £ ' 6 . (With ho'o-) h o ' o k § ' e . To shun, slight. avoid. Cf. ke, 1. k e ' e h a n a . Any footrest, footstool, f o o t p r i n t ; ground or floor s t a m p e d on or trodden on. See papa ke'ehana. k e ' e h a n a w&wae. Footstool (Isa. 66.1), footrest. k e ' e h a u . To f a r m at night, especially during t h e moonlight nights of Akua. Hoku, and M a h e a lani. Obs. k e ' e t l i . 1. T o s t a m p , step, tread; to brace with t h e feet; to rebel against, repudiate; to strike against, to p u t foot into stirrup in m o u n t i n g a horse; to trip; not to tolerate, to " p u t t h e f o o t d o w n " in ending a situation. Ke'ehi akula ia i ka hoahanau, he repudiated his cousin. Ke'ehi kekahi wawae maluna 0 kekahi wawae, a hina ihola 'o Nunu i lalo (For. 4:209), tripping one foot over t h e other, N u n u fell down. Ke'ehi lo'ihi, full pace; forward march. Ke'ehi pokole, short step; m a r k time. 2. Stirrup. 3. N a r r o w space between top edges of house t h a t c h i n g , k e ' e h i a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of ke'ehi, 1. See kauoha for example, k e ' e h l l a e . H a u g h t y , disdainful, assuming an air of superiority. Lit., treading brow. Obs. k e ' e h i n a . Footrest, footstool, position where one stands, stance, firm position, place, k e ' e h i n a h a n a . Solution, remedy. K e ' e h u - h i w a . N a m e of a star visible 011 t h e night of M u k u in t h e m o n t h of Hinaia-'eie'ele, rising with L u a - h o ' o m o e . k e ' e k e ' e . 1. R e d u p . of ke'e, 1. h o ' o k e ' e k e ' e . Redup. of ho'oke'e-, zigzag, angular; zigzag lines, as in a m a t motif. Same as kxke'eke'e. 2. Same as keke, surly, c r a n k y , k e ' e k e ' e h i . R e d u p . of ke'ehi, l. E ke'eke'ehi kulana i pa'a, tread firmly in your stance, k e ' e k e ' e n u k u . T o t h r e a t e n , scold loudly, k e ' e l e . Great, excessive. Ke'ele ka pi'd'5 0 ka ma'i, t h e p a t i e n t was greatly troubled. Ke'ele ku'u aloha i ku'u kama, great is my love for m y child. Ke'ele 'awa'a ke ala, the road has m a n y gullies. k e ' e m o a . 1. Sour, crabbed, surly, ill-natured, turning against friends (frequently follows 'opu, disposition), h o ' o k e ' e m o a . T o b e h a v e t h u s . 2. R u m p bone of a chicken.

6

a i

w a i u

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k e ' e n a . Office, room, booth, nook, c r a n n y ; d r a w e r of a bureau (rare); d e p a r t m e n t , board, bureau. Ke'ena pale ahi, fireproof vault. Pau ka mo'olelo kaulana 0 Kawelo, a koe paha kekahi ma na ke'ena 'opu 0 ka lehulehu (For. 5:71), t h e f a m o u s story of Kawelo is over, b u t some of it perhaps remains in t h e crannies of t h e hearts of t h e people. K e ' e n a H&l&wai. Assembly Hall, where t h e Territorial House of Representatives met. k e ' e n a h a n a . Place to work, office, laboratory. K e ' e n a H o ' o n a ' a u a o o k a L e h u l e h u . Departm e n t of Public Instruction, k e ' e n a k & k a u k o p e . Recorder's office, k e ' e n a k a p u . T a b o o room; tabernacle (Puk. 25.9), s a n c t u a r y (Puk. 25.8). k e ' e n a k o h o p & l o k a . Voting booth. K e ' e n a K o p e . Bureau of Conveyances. K e ' e n a U k u H o ' o m a u . Pension Hoard, k e ' e o . S a m e as ka'eo. k e h a . Height, pride, dignity; lofty, high, promin e n t ; majestic, dignified; to brag, boast. Fig., head. Kau ke keha i ka uluna, the head rests 011 t h e pillow [work is done]. Ki'eki'e kau keha i luna, high above it rests. Xloe keha, to lie with t h e head on a pillow. Ke keha nei 'oe i ko laki, you are bragging of your luck. La'i ke keha 0 ka nohona, peaceful the dignity of life. Keha ka'akepa ka 'olelo i Hihimanu, toplofty and round goes t h e talk at Hihimanu [said of a boaster who keeps repeating], h o ' o k e n a . To cause height, pride, boasting, etc. Same as keha. k e h a k a , t e h a s a . Badger. Biblical. k e h a k e h a . Redup. of keha. Kau kehakeha Nu'uanu i ka makani, icehiwehi i ka holu a ke kawc.lu (song), proudly stands N u ' u - a n u in t h e wind, adorned with t h e ripple of kawelu grass, h o ' o k e h a k e h a . To act proudly; to cause pride. k € h a u . 1. Dew, inist, dewdrop. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a gentle land breeze, as of W e s t Hawaii. K e h e l a . N a m e of a star. k e h e n a . 1. Piace where refuse is thrown and burned. 2 . Gehenna, hell. (Hoik. 1.18.) kShdliO. T o bray, as of a d o n k e y ; bray. K e h o ' o e a . N a m e of a star. k e h u . y a r . spelling of ke ehu. Kane ali'i i kehu kai, Kane, chief in t h e sea spray. k £ h u e . Yellowish, of soil. k e l . 1. T o glory in, t a k e pride in; dignified, prideful; glorious; one's pride and glory. Cf. ha'akei. E Kamalama iki ku'a poki'i, e kei ka noho (For. 5:33), O little K a m a l a m a , my young brother, m a y you act with dignified pride. E kei a'e ana au i ku'u keiki, I ' m glorying in my boy. Kei ka nani 0 Iesu! How glorious is Jesus. 2. A hard rock f r o m which adzes were made. k € I a . This, this person,_ this t h i n g ; t h e latter. Cf. G r a m . 3.3. For kela mca keia mea see kela . . . keia. Keia pule a'e, next week. A me na 0 keia, and t h e troubles of the latter. f ilikia hele ana keia i ka hana, this person is going to work; I ' m going to work. (Note use of keia for "I."] Na kanawai . . . e ho'opau 'ia, a ma keia ua ho'opau loa 'ia no, t h e laws . . . are to be revoked, a n d hereby are revoked. k e ' I a . Var. of keia. k e i k e l . R e d u p . of kei. Keikei kulana hale wili, 'a'ohe mea hana 0 loko (song), nice-looking sugar mill, b u t nothing doing inside, k e l k f . 1. Child, offspring, descendant, boy, son, nephew, son of a dear friend; calf, colt, kid; worker; shoot, as of t a r o ; to h a v e or obtain a child; t o be or become a child. Cf. keiki kane. Kau keiki, your son. Keiki a ka pueo, child of t h e owl [one whose f a t h e r is not known]. Keiki hanau 0 ka 'aina,_a native son. one born on t h e land. Ua keiki kakou na. ke Akua (Rom. 8.16). we are t h e children of God. 2 . Gauge, as on a sewing machine. Eng. k e i k i ' a i w a i Q . Suckling child. Lit., child consume milk.

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k e i k i

k e i k l a l l ' l . P r i n c e , c h i l d of a c h i e f ,

keikl 'alu'alu. A premature baby, k e i k i h e ' e w a l e . M i s c a r r i e d f o e t u s . Lit., slide w i t h o u t cause,

child

keikl hele kula. School child,

k e i k l h l p a . L a m b . Lit., s h e e p (Eng.) o f f s p r i n g , k e i k l k a m e h a ' l . Illegitimate child whose father is n o t d e f i n i t e l y k n o w n . Lit., w o n d e r c h i l d ,

keikl k&ne. Boy, son. keikl kao. S a m e a s kao keiki. keikl makua 'ole. O r p h a n . Lit., parent.

keikl manuahl.

child

without

gratis child. k e i k l p a p a . N a t i v e whose ancestors for several g e n e r a t i o n s b a c k w e r e n a t i v e s of t h e s a m e p l a c e ,

keikl

(Eng.)

I l l e g i t i m a t e c h i l d . Lit.,

papakema. child,

Godchild. Lit.,

keikl plpl. S a m e a s pipi keiki. keikl po'o 'ole. I l l e g i t i m a t e c h i l d .

baptismal

Lit.,

headless

child.

k e k & h i . A, s o m e , o n e , o t h e r , a n o t h e r ; b e s i d e s , too, also, including; m o r e o v e r ; a c e r t a i n ; s o m e one, a n y o n e ; c o m p a n i o n , fellow worker, spouse. Kekahi la, a n o t h e r d a y , s o m e o t h e r d a y , a c e r t a i n day._ Kekahi manawa, some other time. 'O au kekahi e hele, I ' m g o i n g t o o . Na'u kekahi, g i v e m e s o m e . Pehea kekahi o 'olua? H o w ' s y o u r c o m p a n i o n (wife, c o l l e a g u e ) ? 'O ka i'a kekahina ke akua, t h e fish a l s o f o r t h e g o d . Eia kekahi, m o r e o v e r , f u r t h e r m o r e , a l s o . Ua kama'ilio aku na moho i kekahi me kekahi, t h e c a n d i d a t e s c o n versed one with the other. K e k a h u n a . T h e book Ecclesiastes. K e k a i - h i l l . N a m e of a s o u t h e r n s t a r , k e k a k e . 1 . D o n k e y , j a c k a s s . Eng. A l s o 'ekake. 2 . S a m e a s piula, a c a r d g a m e ,

kekakla, setadia, sedatla. Furlong (Hoik. 21.16); stadia, in surveying,

kekamekele, dekametere. Decameter. Eng.

K e k a u - h l w a - k a . S t a r a p p e a r i n g o n t h e n i g h t of H o a k a i n t h e m o n t h of W e l e h u a n d v a n i s h i n g o n t h e n i g h t of M u k u i n t h e s a m e m o n t h . O t h e r stars p e r h a p s rising a t a b o u t t h e s a m e time a r e Hi'i-lei, Hi'i-kua, P a - k o n a n e , a n d Kahuli-ali'i. k e k e . S a m e as 'akekeke, t u r n s t o n e . keke. 1 . S c o l d i n g , s h r i e k i n g a n g r i l y ; e x p o s u r e of t h e t e e t h , a s in d e r i s i o n , a n g e r , o r h y p o c r i t i c a l s m i l e s ; s u r l y , s h a r p - t o n g u e d , c r a n k y . C f . keke niho, keke nuku. ho'okeke, ha'akeke. To scold, expose t h e teeth, etc. 2. B o n y , skinny. Ua hele wale a keke na iwi, s o t h i n t h a t t h e b o n e s show. 3. I n d e c e n t e x p o s u r e b y a w o m a n or girl; a d m o n i t i o n t o a f e m a l e t o sit properly,

ho'okeke. Causative/simulative,

k e k e . D i s t e n d e d , e n l a r g e d , a s a s t o m a c h in p r e g n a n c y ; b i g - b e l l i e d . C f . kekewe. -keke. ( W i t h h(Yo-) ho'okeke. R e d u p . of ho'oke. Ka ho'okeke o na kanaka, t h e s h o v i n g of t h e people.

k e k e a . Albino. Cf. kea, white,

k e k e ' e . 1 . R e d u p . of ke'e, 1, b u t m o r e c o m m o n ; c r o o k e d , t w i s t e d . Fig., u n r i g h t e o u s , e r r o n e o u s . Ha'inakeke'e, i r r e g u l a r v e r b . E like me ke keke'e o ka lala la'au, pela no ke keke'e o kona aka ( s a y i n g ) , l i k e t h e c r o o k e d n e s s of t h e t r e e b r a n c h , s o t h e c r o o k e d n e s s of i t s s h a d o w [like f a t h e r , like sonl. b o ' o k e k e ' e . T o crook, bend, t w i s t o u t of s h a p e , p e r v e r t . 2 . S a m e a s 'aha, a fish. (AP.)

kekekaha.

S a m e as kikahakaha. k e k e k o . Small a n d ugly, w i t h p u g nose,

kekela. 1. Same as kelakela. 2. Also kedera. 3.

Also

sekela.

Shekel.

(Puk.

kekele, degere. Degree, as in latitude, music; a n a c a d e m i c d e g r e e . 'Elua

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kanaka, s e c o n d - d e g r e e m u r d e r . Mea ho'ike kekele (2. N a l . 2 0 . 1 1 ) , s u n d i a l ; lit., t h i n g s h o w i n g degrees. kekele ho'ohanohano. H o n o r a r y d e g r e e . KCkSmapa, Dekemaba. D e c e m b e r . Eng. k e k e n e . E v i l l y d i s p o s e d , j e a l o u s . 'Opu kekene, evil d i s p o s i t i o n , k e k e n i h o . Surly, cross, violently rude, needlessly a n d u n b e a r a b l y i n s u l t i n g , snarling, o f t e n i n t h e s e n s e of m a k i n g t h r e a t s t h a t m a y n o t b e carried out. keke nuku. A b o u t t h e s a m e a s keke niho, b u t w i t h m o r e v e r b a l i z a t i o n a n d s c o l d i n g . Lit., e x pose beak, kekepa. R e d u p . of kepa, 1. k f k C p u e . 1. T o s h u n o t h e r s ; t o w i t h d r a w f r o m o t h e r s , a s i n s h a m e . 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r .

kekgue, kekewe. To gossip maliciously, slander, d e f a m e . 'Opu kekeue, e v i i - h e a r t e d , m a l e v o l e n t , k e k e w e . B l o a t e d , swelled, as w i t h d r o p s y ; so f a t t h a t t h e s t o m a c h o v e r h a n g s . C f . keke.

kekimala, dekimala. Decimal. Eng.

keka, seka. Sex, gender. Eng.

C e d a r . Eng. 30.13.)

ali'i

kekele

o ka

pepehi

k e k o . 1. M o n k e y , a p e ; said t o b e a n a n c i e n t n a m e for a small a n d ugly c r e a t u r e , especially w i t h a p u g n o s e . 2 . S a g o . Eng. k e k o k e k o . S a m e a s kekeko. K e k o k l a , S e c o t i a . Scotland; Scotch, Scottish. (Eng., S c o t i a . ) k e k o n a , s e k o n a . Second (the time unit). (Hal. 3 0 . 5 . ) Eng. keku. T o r e p u l s e , s h o v e a w a y , n u d g e , ho'o-

keku. C a u s a t i v e / s i m u l a t i v e , kekukeku. K e d u p . of keku. kela. 1. E x c e l l i n g , e x c e e d i n g , p r o j e c t i n g

beyond, r e a c h i n g h i g h a b o v e ; t o e x c e l . C f . kakela, po'okela, pakela. Jianohano Ha'upu kela i ka lani, glorious H a ' u p u reaching high in t h e sky. h o ' o kela. T o o u t d o , s u r p a s s , e x c e l , e x c e e d ; t o s h o w off, t r y t o e x c e l ; t o s h o w p r e f e r e n c e ; h i g h e r , s u p e r i o r . 2. A l s o sela. S a i l o r . Eng. 3. T a i l o r . Eng. 4. A l s o gera. G e r a h . Biblical. k e (verb) la. Particle denoting p r e s e n t tense a t a d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e s p e a k e r . C f . ke ( v e r b ) nei a n d G r a m . 4 . 3 . Ke ahona ihola no ia, s h e ' s a little better just now. kel&. T h a t , t h a t one, he, she, it, t h a t p e r s o n or t h i n g ; t h e f o r m e r . See kela . . . keia b e l o w . I n c o n n e c t e d d i s c o u r s e o r n a r r a t i o n , kela m e a n s " t h e " i n t h e s e n s e of " t h e a f o r e - m e n t i o n e d . " Ua hele aku nei kelai ka hana, h e h a s j u s t g o n e t o w o r k . Ka mea kupono i ka 'ike hapa o kela, t h e p r o p e r t h i n g f o r t h e l i m i t e d k n o w l e d g e of t h e f o r m e r . Kela pule aku nei, l a s t w e e k . Kela pule_aku nei a ia pule aku, w e e k b e f o r e l a s t . Kela Po'aha aku nei, l a s t T h u r s d a y ,

kelaka, teraka. Tract. Ko 'Amelika

'Ahahui

Kelaka, A m e r i c a n T r a c t S o c i e t y , k e l a . . . k e l a . T h i s a n d t h a t , all, e v e r y , e v e r y t h i n g , h e r e a n d t h e r e ; m i s c e l l a n e o u s . I kela me keia la, d a i l y . I kela me keia pule, weekly._ I kela me keia makahiki, y e a r l y . I kela a me keia 'elua makahiki, e v e r y o t h e r y e a r . Kela mahina keia mahina, e v e r y m o n t h , m o n t h l y . 'A'ohe pau pono o kana pulumi 'ana, o kela me keia pau, she did n o t sweep thoroughly, j u s t here a n d t h e r e a n d finished, j u s t a l i c k a n d a p r o m i s e . 'O kela mea keia mea e makemake ana i ka lio, e hele mai 'oia, w h o e v e r w a n t s a h o r s e , l e t h i m c o m e . Ua ha'i 'ia ka lono i kela mea a me keia mea o lakou, t h e n e w s w a s t o l d t o a l l of t h e m , kelakela. R e d u p . of kela, 1. Ho'ike a'e 'oe i kou nani, ka malamalama 'oi kelakela (mele f o r K a lakaua), reveal your glory, t h e light p e n e t r a t i n g f a r t h e s t , ho'okelakela. T o b r a g , s h o w o f f ; o v e r b e a r i n g . Na hana ho'okelakela, extravagant d i s p l a y . XJa ho'okelakela ka mea hewa i ka makemake o kona na'au ( H a l . 1 0 . 3 ) , t h e w i c k e d o n e b o a s t s of h i s h e a r t ' s d e s i r e ,

kelaki, keraki. Celery (Apium

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graveolens). Eng•

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k e n i k e n i

kelaklo, keratio. Carob tree, somewhat like the algaroba; in Luke 15.16 Hawaiian keratio corresponds to English "husks." k e l a k o n a , d e r a g o n a . Dragon. (Hoik. 12.3.) Eng. kela (tela) lole. Tailor, dressmaker. Lit., clothes tailor. Eng. k e l a m a , d e r a m a . Dram (the weight or coin). Eng. k e l a m o k u . l . sailor. Lit., ship sailor (Eng.). 2. Checkered jacket; the material f r o m which it is made. 3. A hula step invented by Hawaiian sailors: one foot swings alternately on ball and heel of foot, the other points with the toe front and back four times, then reversed; knees are bent, arms out, bent at elbows with hands up and fingers often snapping, swaying with the body. k e l a p i m a , s c r a p i m a . Seraphim. (Isa. 6.2.) Eng. kelau. T o put out first leaves. Obs. k e l a w i n i . Gale. Lit., wind gale. Eng. kele. 1. Watery, muddy, wet, swampy, greasy, fat, lush. Fig., impurity. Cf. kelekele, makele, 'ukele. Wao kele, forested uplands. Moku kele, district surrounded by water; submerged island, lio'okele. Same as ho'okelekele. 2. T o sail; reached by sailing. Cf. pohaku kele. Aua kele, harbor that may be reached by sailing. lie moku kele i ka wa'a, an island reached by canoo. h o ' o k e l e . Steersman, helmsman; to sail or navigate, as the master of a ship; to steer; to drive as a car.Fig., to conduct any business. Po'e ho'okele moku, ship crew or navigators. IIo'okele-'ale, name of a navigation star. Ho'okelewa'a, the star Sirius. Ho'okele ka'a, chauffeur, driver; to drive a car. Ho'okele ica'a lolo niu, to sail coconut bloom sheaths as [toy] canoes. 3. T o scrape cooked taro with 'opihi shell or spoon after peeling is removed, to clean it in preparation for pounding. 4. Yar. of kela, 1. 5. A freshwater weed. 6. A n y kind of wild taro. Obs. 7. Jelly, jam. Eng. -kele. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k e l e . Kind of stone found at craters, as Kilauea, and used for adzes, kelea. Process by which a priest cleansed himself of impurities (kele) f r o m contact with the dead. kele ' a l . Var. of kale 'ai. keleawe. Brass, copper, tin. Ku'i kcleawe, one who makes brass, copper or tin articles; to work with these metals, k e l e k a l a m a , t e r e g a r a m a . Telegram. Eng. kelekalapa, telegarapa. Telegraph. Eng. kelekele. 1. Redup. of kele, 1; mud, mire, slush, fat, oil; muddy, oily, rich, greasy. Na kohi kelekele o Kapu'u-kolu (song), the f a t delicious food of Tlie-triple-hills [descriptive of rich, sumptuous fare], ho'okelekele. T o make mudd y ; to sprinkle; to soak material, as pandanus leaves, in water to make pliable for plaiting; to feed, fatten, especially with soft food or liquids. 2. Redup. of kele, 2. ho'okelekele. Redup. of ho'okele; to steer, navigate or sail frequently; to cast, as for fisli. kelelo, kelero. A lot, in casting lots. Biblical. kele l u a . Excessively damp, wet, muddy, greasy, fat. etc. k e l e m a , k e r e m a . Consecrated oil and balm, as used in confirmation services; chrisom. Ke kopilimakio aku nei au ia 'oe me ke kerema o ke ola, 1 confirm you with the chrisom of life. K e l e m a n i a . 1. Germany; German. Eng. 2. (Not cap.) Earthen crock as used for poi, said to have been introduced f r o m Germany, k e l e m a n i a ' a l . Poi crock, kelemoio. Same as momona, the cherimoya. kelemomeka, teremometa. Thermometer. Eng. k e l e p o n a , telepona. Telephone; to telephone. Eng.

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K e l e - w a ' a . Var. of Ho'okele-wa'a, the star Sirius. See kele, 2. k e l e w a l . Coarse tapa, as made f r o m mamaki bark or f r o m the waste of better grade tapa. kele w a l . Thin, as watery poi; muddy, as water, h o ' o k e l e w a l . T o use much water in mixing or pounding poi, or in irrigation, kele w a i n a . Grape jelly. Eng. kellkoll, terltorl. Territory; territorial. Eng. keliliona, terlliona. Trillion. Eng. k e l i u m a , d e l i u m a . Bdellium, kellluma kelemana, dellrunia teremana. Delirium tremens. Eng. kelo. Slimy, foul with snot; slippery, as thick mucus. Cf. hakelo. kfilS. Sail ho! Eng. kelokelo. Redup. of kelo. Cf. hakelo. keloko, keroko. Saffron. ( M e l e 4.14.) kelokoklle, kerokodile. Crocodile. Eng. k e l o u . H o o k ; to hook. Cf. lou, kilou. k e l a , selu. Quail. (Puk. 10.13.) T h e usual name is manu-kapalulu. k e l u i k a , d e r u i d a . Druid. Eng. k e l u k a , terusa. Thrush. Eng. k e l u k a k e , k e r u s a d e . Crusade. Eng. kelukollko, kerusolito. Chrysolite. (Hoik. 21.20.) kelukopelako, kerusoperaso. Chrysoprase. (Hoik. 21.20.) k e l u p a , k e r u b a . Cherub. (1 Nal. 6.24.) k e l u p i m a , k e r u b l m a . Cherubim. (Puk. 25.19.) k e m e p u l u . Var. of kamipulu. k e n i i k a . Chemist; chemical. Eng. liana kemika, chemistry. k e m o k a l a k a , d e m o k a r a t a . Democrat; democratic. Eng. k e m u . 1. T o absorb, consume. Kemu Wai-mea i ka ua kukupa'u o Hanakahi, Wai-mea absorbs the pouring rain of Hanakahi. 2. Game. Eng. 'O ka'u kemu 'ike keia, 'o ka ho'onoho papa konane (hula song), this is the game I know, how to set the konane board, k e n a . 1. Quenched; satisfied, of thirst. E 'ai a ma'ona, e inu a kena, eat until satisfied, drink until satisfied. 2. W e a r y , as f r o m heavy toil; grieved and distressed. k&n&. 1. T o command, order, give orders, send on business. Kena akula 'o Kamehameha i kona po'e kanaka e 'imi la'au-'ala, Kamehameha sent his men to look for sandalwood. 2. T h a t (near the person addressed). Used disparagingly for " y o u . " He aha kau, e kena mo'o! What's that to you, you reptile! Cf. kela, also Gram. 3.3. k e n a k e n a . 1. Redup. of kena, 1,2. 2. Unpleasant, stifling sensation of inhaling smoke; suffocation f r o m smoke, k e n a k e n a . Redup. of kena, l. h o ' o k e n a k e n a . T o compel, order, kenali, d e n a r l . Penny. ( M a t . 20.2.) ke (verb) nei. Particle denoting present tense near the speaker. Cf. ke (verb) la and Gram. 4.3. 'O wau 'o Kamika, ke ho'ohiki nei au, I, Smith, do hereby affirm, k e n e k a . Cent. Eng. keneklle, genetlle. Gentile. Eng. k e n e k u l l a , k e n e t u r i a . Century. Eng. k e n e l a l a , g e n e r a l a . General. Eng. Hope kenelala, adjutant general, kenele. Canary. Eng. K e n e m a k a . Denmark, Dane; Danish. Eng. kenl. 1. T o walk softly so as to make no noise. Rare. 2. Change (money), small change. Eng. He keni no kau? H a v e you change? k e n l k a , tenisa. Tennis. Eng. kenikeni. 1. T o assemble a complete outfit or set, as of furniture, food, fishing gear, clothing.

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k e n o 1 a ,

Rare. 2. K n i f e . Bare. 3. Dime, ten cents, small change. (Eng., ten.) 4. A v a r i e t y of i m p o r t e d white sugar cane, also called Lahaina cane, k e n o l a , t e n o r a . Tern. Eng. k e ' o . 1. W h i t e , clear, h o ' o k e ' o . T o whiten, bleach. 2. Clitoris. 3. Proud, haughty. Obs. 4. T o project. Hare. Cf. pake'o. keoe. 1. A sweet potato. 2. (Cap.) P r o b a b l y the constellation of L y r a , including the star Vega. Keho'oea m a y be a variant, k e ' o k e ' o . 1. W h i t e , clear. Kala ke'oke'o. silver money. E 'ike at ka mahi'ai i ke'oke'o ( K e p . 91), the f a r m e r sees clearly. 2. W h i t e muslin (usually followed by maoli, pia, or wai). 3. Proud. Obs. k e ' o k e ' o m a o l l . Bleached muslin of good quali t y . Lit., genuine whiteness, k e ' o k e ' o p i a . Bleached muslin of inferior quali t y , so called because it was weighted down as though with starch (pia); i t was used for underclothing. k e ' o k e ' o w a t . Bleached muslin. K e o l a . P a t r o n star of Lanai. K e o - I e w a . N a m e of a star, short for Keao-lewu. ( F o r . 5:31.) Lit., the light of the atmosphere, k e o m a . L a z y . Obs. k e O n i m a n a . Gentleman. ling, h o ' o k e d n i m a n a . Gentlemanly conduct or etiquette; to act as a gentleman. He mau lula no ka ho'okeonimana 'ana, rules f o r gentlemanly etiquette, k e o p u . L a z y . Obs. k e p a . 1. N o t c h e d ; cut or trimmed obliquely; to cut obliquely, notch; t o turn to one side, to look sideways; to snap. Ka'a kepa, to roll diagonally, n o ' o k e p a . T o cut obliquely, snap, tear, rend. 2. T o catch bonito, so named because the fisherman's body turns as he snaps the fish f r o m the sea into his c r a f t ; this kind of fishing. Also ka'ili. 3. W e d g e used in repairing wooden bowls, o f t e n hammered in obliquely in zigzag pattern. Also called kepakepa. 4. T o scrape, as dirt f r o m a board. Hare. 5. Contract labor ( f r o m Eng. " s h i p , " so called because Hawaiians shipping out on whaling ships were under contract; the term was later applied to sugar contract laborers) ; to contract f o r such service. 6. A l m o n d tree. Biblical. kep, of any underhanded act. k l m o p o ' o . T o bend down the head, b o w ; to g o headlong as in diving. K l n a . China; Chinese. Eng. - k l n a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k i n a . (a) T o persist, do continually. Ua ho'okina, continuous rain. Ho'okina i ka inu, to drink too much, ( b ) T o urge, compel, add one burden or command t o another. Malia i ho'okina ai ku'u kane ia'u i ka inu 'awa ( L a i e 009), perhaps my husband urged rae to drink kava. k l n a . Blemish, blotch, disfigurement or physical defect of any sort; blight; loss of crops due to any natural disaster, as drought, excessive rain, insects; sin, wickedness; disfigured, blemished, maimed, etc. h o ' o k i n a . T o cause defect, disaster, etc. k l n a l . 1. T o quench, as fire; to put out, as a light. Melc kinai 'ona, song to abolish intoxication [i.e., temperance song], yfai kinai i na leo o na hua palapala ma ka heluhelu 'ana, d o n ' t lower too much your voice in reading the letters. Kinai i ka hana a ke kiapolo, put a stop to the work of the devil. 2. T o continue, persist. Obs. Cf. -kina. 'O Hilo ia la o ka ua kinai, kinakinai ka ua o Hilo, ka ua mao 'ole o Hilo (chant), that is Hilo of the constant rain, the rains of I l i l o go on and on, the rain of Hilo that never clears, k i n a i a h i . Fireman, fire extinguisher; to put out fires. k l n a l n a . Extinguishing, putting out, snufling out of life. k i n a k i i i a . R e d u p . of -kina. ho'oklnaklna. Redup. of ho'okina. Ka ua ho'okinakina, the continuous rain, k i n a k i n a i . R e d u p . of kinai. k i n a m o n a . Cinnamon. ( H o i k . 18.13.) Eng. k l n a m u . Gingham. Eng. Pua kinamu, flower appliqued, as on quilt or cushion cover. Kinamu Kekokia, Scotch plaid gingham, k l n a n a . M o t h e r hen or bird and her brood; a brooding place. Cf. 'inana. k l n a n a hale. H o m e , including the house grounds. k i n a n a p c . C r a m m e d , stuffed, as with food, k l n a n a ' u . Same as kina'unalu. k l n a ' u . 1. Stain, blemish, defect, minor flaw or imperfection. ' Via kma'u ( P H 39), red streaked with dark. 2. A n eel. See puhi-kina'u. 3. Y o u n g of aku and kawakawa. k l n a ' u n a ' u . Redup. of klna'u. k l - n e h e . T h e Spanish needle (Bidens pilosa), a lowland w e e d ; young fresh plants are still brewed f o r tea ( k i ) . Similar to ko'oko'olau, also used f o r tea. Also called ki. k i n e m o n a . Var. of kinamona. k l n l . 1. M u l t i t u d e , m a n y ; f o r t y thousand. Ola no ia kini i ka limu lomi lima o Iiai-lua, the c r o w d thrives on the hand-massaged seaweed of Kai-lua. 2. K i n g . Eng. Kini peki, king of spades. 3. K i n , relatives. Eng. 4. A l s o g l n l . Gin. Eng. 5. A l s o t i n l . T i n , pail, can. Eng. Kini kakai, pail with a handle. Hale ho'okomo kini, cannery. Pa kini, tin plate. 6. Zinc. Eng. 7. Guinea (the coin). Eng. k l n l a k u a . T h e thousands of spirits and gods, the multitudinous spirits, k t n l h a m a . G i n g h a m . Eng. k l n l h e n e . Guinea hen. Eng.

k i n i h o l o . A ball game, something like playing catch on the run; to p l a y the game, k l n i k a . Ginger. Eng. C f . 'ela kinika. k i n i k l n i . 1. Redup. of kini, 1; numerous, v e r y many, multitudinous. 2. M a r b l e , g a m e of marbles (formerly round pebbles or seeds); to play marbles. K i n l k l u . U n c o m p l i m e n t a r y name f o r Chinese, perhaps f r o m English " C h i n k . " k l n l k o h u . E x t r e m e l y well-suited, fine-looking. Lit., many suitable. Kini kohu ka liele 'ana o kahi le'ale'a o ke ali'i, going to the entertainment of the chief, [we will be] fine-looking, k l n l l a u . Numerous, v e r y many, k i n i ' o p a l a . Garbage or rubbish can. k i n i p e k i . N a m e of a game in which tho stone called hiu was used, k i n i p e l a . Pail. Eng. k i n i p O p o . Hall, baseball; to play ball. k i n i p G p o h i n a ' i . Basketball. k i n i p O p o p e k u . Football. Lit., kick ball. IIo'okuku kinipopo peku xvawae, football game, k i n o . 1. Body, person, individual, self; main portion; f o r m ; f u l l y formed, as a foetus; bodily, physical._C_f. kino palua, kino papalua under palua, papalua. Ko ke kino, carnal. Kino lele (t'or. 4:73K power to fly; lit., flying form. Nani ke kino o keia kihei, the main part of this shawl is pretty. Ho'olako ma ke kino, supply material (nonspiritual) needs. 'Olelo pili kino, material, personal or worldly talk (cf. pili 'uhane under 'uhane). E lawe aku 'oe i keia ma kou kino lahilahi, take this f o r your thin f o r m [in the spare columns of a newspaper), h o ' o k i n o . T o tako shape, e m b o d y ; to develop, as a puny i n f a n t ; t o tako f o r m , as a spirit. 2. Person in g r a m m a r ; personal. Kino mua, kino kahi, first person. Kino lua, second person. Kino kolu, third person. Na mea pili kino, personal things. Ho'oko kino aku i keia kono, personally accept this invitation. E hana mua i ka ke kino mamua o ka hana 'ana i ko ha'i, do your personal work first before doing for others, k i n o a k a . Spirit, especially of a living person, k i n o h i . Beginning, origin, genesis. Kinohi loa, the very beginning. Mai Kinohi a Ho'ike 'ana, f r o m Genesis t o Revelations [from beginning t o end]. k i n o h i . Decorated, spotted, ornamented; decoration, ornamentation. Va kinohi 'ia ka papale me ka lipine 'ula'ula, the hat is t r i m m e d with a red ribbon, k l n o h l n o h i . Redup. of kinohi-, printed, as calico. He nani maoli na kinohinohi o kona lumi ho'oluana, v e r y beautiful were the decorations of his reception room. E ka honua e, e nahele la, i kinohinohi e ( K e p . 31), O earth. O plants, be adornments. Ka i'a kinohinohi pohaku, marine l i f e that adorns rocks [periwinkles and nerita]. k i n o h o u . Beginning 1 first. Lit., new b o d y . Pehea la i loa'a mai ai keia ha'awe i kinohou? H o w was this burden obtained at first? k i n o k a h i . See kino, 2. kino k a n a k a . Human form, k i n o k a u l e l e . Apposition, in grammar. Lit., enlarged f o r m , k i n o k o l u . See kino, 2. k i n o l a , k i n o r a . H a r p . ( H a l . 57.8.) k i n o l a u . M a n y f o r m s taken by a supernatural b o d y , as Pele, who could at will become a flame of fire, a young girl, or an old hag. k i n o l u a . 1. See kino, 2. 2. Dual-formed, dualnatured. k i n o m a k e . Corpse, dead b o d y . K i n o o k a H a k u . Corpus Christi. k l n o ' o l e . Frail and thin (animate). Ua hele ka ho'i *o Iunia a kino'ole, how frail and thin Eunice has become, k l n o p u . A strong scent, as of tobacco.

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kino

wailua k l o k l o p a l l . Cliff or ridge with irregular projections, k l o l a . T o throw away. k l o l a o l a . 1 . Iiedup. of kiola-, tossing back and forth or up and down, as in juggling; to cast for fish. 2 . A form of black magic, by which a special stone was prayed over and hurled at a victim; it entered through t h e anus or mouth and destroyed the victim, and then returned to the magician, k i o l e a . High, rickety or unsafe seat; high, long, rickety. A'a kiolea (For. 5 : 2 7 ) , aerial roots, as of panelanus. k i ' o l e i . S a m e as ki'elei, to squat, k i ' o l e n a . Tapa-drying and bleaching place; to dry and bleach tapa; to dye tapa. k l ' o l e p o . Swamp, mire (2 Pet. 2.22.), fen (Ioba 4 0 . 2 1 ) ; mud puddle, dirty pool, k l o l o a . 1. Same as kialoa, a long, narrow canoe. 2 . Long fishing line for deep-sea fishing, k l o l o h l a . Same as pu'uka'a, a sedge, k l o m a n a . T o ride or sit astride, as on a horse; to straddle. Cf. klhelei. Kiomana na waicae o ua keiki nei ma kela 'ao'ao a me keia 'ao'ao o ua ha mai'a nei, then the legs of this cliild sat astride of each side of the banana trunk

k i n o w a i l u a . Spirit of t h e dead; dead person, bodily remains, corpse, k l n u w a . Hopscotch; to play hopscotch, k l o . 1 . T o cheep, chirp, h o ' o k i o . S a m e as hokio, a whistle. 2 . Projection, protuberance, bubo; to protrude. 'A'ohe kio pohaku nalo i ke alo pali, on the face of a cliff, not one j u t t i n g rock is hidden from sight [no use being secretive], h o ' o k i o . T o spread cut, project. 3 . S a m e as kauna'oa, 2, a mollusk. ( P P N tio, P M P tiBem.) 4 . Word used in reply to a question one does not care to answer, somewhat like rude English " W h a t ' s it to y o u ? " E hele ana 'olua i hea? Kio. Where are you two going? Kio. 5 . Cords made of hibiscus bark used as drawstrings of a large net. 6. M o c k warfare ( A P ) ; according to M a l o (Malo 66) kaua kio is mock warfare with blunted spears. k l ' o . 1. Pool, cistern, water sluice; dregs; to settle, as dregs; to deposit L especially of any element beginning with kukae, as kukaehao, rust. Cf. ki'o lepo, ki'o wai. Kai ki'o, sea water remaining in rock hollows after the tide goes down. Na_ ki'o wai o Ku-lani-hako'i, pools of Ku-lani-hako'i [mythical spring in t h e s k y ; its overflow c a m e to earth as rain], h o ' o k l ' o . T o gather or settle, as water in a lake or pond; to cease flowing, of menstruation. Lv.a ho'oki'o wai, cistern. Luawai ho'oki'o, reservoir. 2 . T o excrete, evacuate, give birth to a child (often sarcastic). Cf. kiki'o, ki'oki'o, paki'oki'o. 3 . R o o t l e t of sweet potato root,

kf'omo. Var. of ki'amo.

Kiona, ZIona. Zion. Eng.

k i ' o n a . Dung heap; privy, toilet. Hale ki'ona (2 Nal. 10.27), draughthouse. k l ' d n a h a . Bent, crooked, curved. Cf. 'onaha. k l o - n a h a w e l e . A common mussel, probably Brachidontcs ccrcbristriatus.

kl'oa. Passive/imperative of ki'o. ho'okl'oa.

Same as ho'oki'o. He ua no. he kulu ua no ka liko . . . ke ho'oki'oa i na kikawaio (chant for K a m e h a m e h a I I I ) , it is rain, raindrops for the buds . . . water settling on t h e kikawaio fern, k l ' o a h l . Fiery pit, place of torment, hell, k l o e . 1 . Small surfboard. 2 . T o turn t h e head with a rotary motion, as of a bird watching its prey. Cf. oeoe, long neck, k l ' o ' e . Ladle, dipper, cup; scoop or spoon made of coconut shell; dip, as of poi\ arm or wrist motion in paddling or dipping; to skim, as c r e a m from milk; to dip, ladle, scoop; to join nets together: to twist and snap, as breadfruit with a lou stick. Cf. 'o'e, to probe. Ka 'ai kl'o'e la'au, t h e food reached with a stick [breadfruit),

kl 'oill. Key to animate a toy.

k l o - n o h o - o n e . Probably Natica macrochiensis. (Ed. 159.) Lit., sand-dwelling kio (mollusk). k l ' o ' o h u . T o dip. Ha ki'o'ohu a'ela lukou i ka wai i lokv o kekahi 'urncke, they dipped up water into a calabash, k l ' o ' o p a e . Taro-leaf container as held in the mouth, so as to form a basket to hold shrimps ('opae) while groping with the hands for shrimp. Also called pu'olo 'opae. k l ' o p a . L a m e ; to limp. Cf. 'o'opa. K i o - p a ' a . T h e North Star. Lit., fixed projection, k l ' o p e . 1. A bundle; to mako a bundle. 2 . T o scatter a fire in order to put it out. ( P H 119.) 3 . A fish resembling kawakawa. k l o - p o ' a p o ' a l . Same as po'apo'ai, 2, a mollusk. k l ' o w a i . Pool of water, water hydrant, fountain (Mele 4 . 1 2 ) ; to settle, as water, k l ' o - w a o . Cool mountain rain accompanied by wind and fog. k i o w e a . Var. spelling of kioea. k l p a . 1. T o visit, call. Hale kipa, guest house, inn (Puk. 4.24). Ua kipa a'e au i ko lakou hale, I visited their house, h o ' o k i p a . T o entertain, treat hospitably; hospitable; hospitality. 2 . T o turn aside; to turn from t h e direct path. Cf. kepa. k i p a . Chinese gambling game chee-fah; to play tins game. k l p a e p a e . Stone pavement or steps for entering a house, k l p a h e l e . T o go visiting from place to place, k l p a h u l u . Place where soil is worn out ( p a h u l u ) from c o n s t a n t farming; worn-out soil, k l p a ' l . 1 . T o shoo away, as by clapping ( p a ' i ) ; to drive away animals; to pat with the hands; to strike with the wings, as an angry bird. 2. T o cover or spread leaves, k l p a i p a l . T o encourage, inspire, k i p a ' l p a ' i . Redup. of kipa'i. k l p a k a k e . Same as pakake, gibberish, k i p a k u . T o send away, drive away, expel, discharge, banish, put out of t h e house, k l p a l a h e ' a . Smeared, stained.

kloea, kiowea. 1. Bristle-thighed curlew (Nu-

menius tahitiensis), large, dusky brown, migratory bird with a long, curved bill; t h e cry of this bird. 2 . Tall, long-legged, slender person; long, tall; standing high on long legs; to extend, stretch out. k i o ' e l e . A small native shrub ( H e d y o t i s coriacea, synonym Kadua menziesiana), belonging to the coffee family, a rare or extinct species, k l o e o e . Long, tall, as a ship mast or giraffe neck, k l ' o ' e ' o ' e . Redup. of kl'o'e. k l ' o ' e p o l . Finger or single dip of poi. k l o h o a . Spoiling, as a flower too long in t h e rain. Pala kiohoa i ka ua ka pua kou (chant), yellowed, spoiling in the rain are t h e kou blossoms, k l o h o n u a . Heap of food (For. 6 : 3 9 8 ) , earth protuberance, k l ' o h u ' o h u . M i s t ; misty place. Ct kili 'ohu. Noho ana ke akua i ka nahelehele i alai 'ia e ke kl'ohu'ohu, e ka uakoko (hula prayer), t h e gods dwell in the forest, hidden away by the mists and low-lying rainbow, k l ' o k l . Striped; creased with fat. He kakau kl'oki 'dni'o i ka lae, he kl'oki 'o ke kikakapu. 'o ka i'a kapu (chant), marked with bars and streaks on the forehead, t h e kikakapu is [a fish] with bars [of color], a sacred fish, k l o k l o . Redup. of kio, 1; young, immature, as flora or fauna. Cf. piopio, 'opiopio. ho'okloklo. Redup. of ho'okio. k i ' o k i ' o . Redup. of ki'o; variegated, as calm and unruffled spots in the sea. k l ' o k i ' o k i . Redup. of kl'oki. k l o k i o l a . Redup. of kiola.

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k i u k l p a l a l e . Disorder, jumble, tumult; rapid flow, as of a swollen stream; disorderly, unsystematic, without method; to spread, extend in a disorderly fashion. Klpalale ka Kolelo, to talk in a rapid, incoherent manner, k l p a l a p a l a h e ' a . Redup. of klpalahe'a. k l - p a o a . Same as kx-a'ala, sweet basil, k l p a o p a o . To scoop out the earth from the side, as by the sea hammering on a coast, k i p a p a . 1. Pavement, level terrace; to pave, lay stones in a pavement or terrace. 2. Neatly arranged load, as of poi. 3. Prone position on surfboard. O&s. 4 . A sweet potato, k t p a p a ' i . Same as klpa'ipaH. k l p a p a l a l e . Redup. of klpalale. Na 'olelo klpapalale, jumble of speech, k l p a p a n i . To flock. Kipapani ka noio e klkxko'u i ke aku, the noio birds flocked together to make a din over the bonito. k i p a p a u . Var. of kipopou. k i p a u . To overturn completely. Obs. k i p a w a l e . A variety of sweet potato. (HP 142.) k i p a w a l e . To call without being asked; to intrude; to happen in on a visit by chance. klpC. 1. Bribe, bribery (loba 15.34); to bribe. Cf. pe, humbled, flattened. 2. T o pelt with stones; to strike, as hail stones. 3. A large ti-leaf bundle tied at one end. Also wahx. k l p e ' a . To cross sticks, as in building a temporary shelter, k l p e ' a p e ' a . Redup. of klpe'a. k l p e h i . To pelt, throw at. Fig., to assail with rough language, h o ' o k i p e h l . Causative/simulative. k l p c p e h l . Redup. of klpehi. k l p l . 1. Rebellion, revolt, rebel; rebellious, seditious; to rebel, revolt, resist lawful authority; to conspire against; to ram, as of a goat. E kipi 'ia no wau e 'oe (For. 4:213), I have been conspired against by you. h o ' o k l p i . To foment or act in revolt; rebellious. 2 . Hilo name for mound taro patches. 3. T o dig with a sharp tool. 4. Oahu name for the 'akialoa bird, k l p l k e l l a , d l p l t e r i a . Diphtheria. Eng. k l p l k l p i . Redup. of kipi, 1, 3; to hew, trim, little by little, k l p i k u a . Pickaxe. Lit., dig hew. k l - p t p i l i . Same as nehe (Bidens). k l p o . 1. Var. of klmo. 2 . Depot. Eng. k i p f i ' a e ' a e . Armpit (po'ae'ae) and shoulder a b o v e i t . Pa'a a'e na 'awe1 awe ma kela a me keia kipd'ae'ae, fastened the packs around each armpit and shoulder, k l p o h o . 1. Small, shallow pool or hollow in a rock, as where salt water collects; small container. 2. To dive, dip or pitch downward, as a kite. k i p o h o p o h o . 1. Redup. of klpoho. 2. Small arable patch surrounded by lava beds, smaller than a kipuka. k l p o ' l . To cover, conceal, hide; to protest giving away objects to others. Cf. po'i, lid. k l p o ' i p o ' l . Redup. of kipo'i. k i p o k a , k l p o d a . Bittern. (Isa. 14.23.) k i p6k&. To shoot. k l p o l a . Wrapper, such as ti leaves about fish; to wrap up, bundle up; to keep warm with wraps, as a sick person, k l p o l a p o l a . Redup. of klpola. k l p o l l p o l l . Nook and c r a n n y . C f . poli, bosom. I loko o ka mahina me ka la, i loko o na ao 'opua o ka lewa a me na kxpolipoli apau, in the moon and sun, in the cloud banks of the firmament and in every nook and cranny, k l p o l o . T y p e of prayer used in black magic requesting that the victim be led to a place of death. k i p o n a . 1. Strong emotion (used with qualifying words). Kipona maka'u, great fear. Kipona

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— aloha, deep love. Ua hiki mai kona kipona huhu, his worst of bad tempers is here; he has flown into a rage. Kipona koHko'i loa, emotional crisis. 2 . To make a hollow or round opening, like the eye socket; hollow. 3 . Mixed, mingled; varying in color or texture, as of the sea; to add to, as something of different character, as ferns to a lei. Ka wai kipona me ke kai, water mixed with sea water. Kipona pauku i ka laua'e, ka pua o ka Hlima nono i ka la (chant for Ka'iu-lani), add a section of laua'e fern [to] the flower of the ' i l i m a , bright in the sunlight, k l p o n a p o n a . 1. Redup. of kipona, l, 2, S, h2 . A small, climbing, native shrub (Phyllostegia racemosa) in the mint family, with small, downy leaves, and small, purplish-white flowers in whorls. k i p o ' o h i w l . Same as kihi po'ohiwi. He kxpo'ohxwi i ke klpo'ohiwi, shoulder to shoulder, k l p o ' o p o ' o . Indented, pitted with holes; pits. kipdpO. Redup. of kxpd, 1. k i p o p o u . Redup. of klpou. k i p o u . T o drive down, as a stake into the ground; to go downward; descend; to lean, as a post. k l p Q . 1. To hold back or brace, as a canoe on a wave with a paddle; to reign in, as a horse; to remain, as mist or rain; to fold tightly about one, as a blanket. Klpu i ka mana'o, kxpU i_ ke kapa a ka noe\ 'auhea wale 'oe e ka lohu, kxpu maila i Ka'ala (song), hold fast to an idea, hold fast to the tapa blanket of mist; listen here, O mist, nestling now on [Mt.J Ka'ala. 2 . Tranquillity. Rare. Kipu aheahe, quiet peace. Kxpu ahiahi, tranquillity of eventide. k i pfl. To shoot, fire a gun. Cf. laikini kx pu. k i p u k a . 1. Variation or change of form (puka, hole), as a calm place in a high sea, deep place in a shoal, opening in a forest, openings in cloud formations, and especially a clear place or oasis within a lava bed where there may be vegetation. 2. Short shoulder cape; cloak, poncho. 3 . Loop, lasso; snare, as for catching owls (a r a t was tied to a sharp stick in a net; the owl, pouncing on the rat, was pierced by this stick). k i p Q k a l . Seaside heliotrope (Heliotropium curassavicum), a prostrate, perennial American herb one to two feet long, with narrow, hoary leaves, white flowers, long established in Hawaii. Formerly the plants were dried and brewed for tea used as a tonic. (Neal 633.) Also called nena. k i p u k a 'III. Leather lasso. Na keiki ho'olei kipuka 'Hi, the boys who throw lassos, k l p u k a p u k a . Redup. of kipuka.

klpfi lani. Immobile, motionless in the sky, as

clouds, stars; steadfast and loyal to one's chief, k l p u l u . Fertilizer, mulch; to fertilize, mulch, k l p u l u p u l u . Redup. of klpulu. k l p u n l . T o gird, wrap around, surround. Ua kxpuni Ha makou e ke aloha, we are enfolded in love. k i p u p f i . Redup. of klpu, 1; to hinder, draw back; to jerk and start, as an automobile. Cf. pupu, to stall, k l p u ' u . R a r e var. of hlpu'u, knot. K i p u ' u p u ' u . 1. Name of a chilly wind and rain at Wai-mea, Hawaii. Hole Wai-mea i ke ahe a ka makani, hao mai na 'ale a ke Kipu'upu'u (name song for Kamehameha I), Wai-mea is rasped by the blowing of the wind, billows of the Kipu'upu'u wind ravage. Ku i ke Kipu'upu'u, buffeted by the Kipu'upu'u [of hurt feelingsj. 2 . Name of a company of warriors from w a i mea in Kamehameha I ' s time, named for the wind. k i p u w g . T o keep away. Eng. k i u . 1. Spy; to spy, observe secretly. Cf. holomakakiu. Maka'i kiu, detective. 'Oihana kiu, secret service. 2 . {Cap.) Name of a strong, moderately cold northwesterly wind, known as Malualua, Malua-ki'i-wai, and Ho'olua, in some localities 3 . {Cop.) J e w ; Jewish. Eng.

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k l ' u

k l ' f l . Latch on sewing machine to which the bobbin is attached, k i u h o ' o p u l u . T o spy cunningly in order to entrap, perhaps by pretense of cultivating friendship. K t u - l n u - w a i . N a m e of a wind f r o m the mountains, stronger and cooler than the Kehau. Lit water-drinking Kiu. Also called Huehu. K i u - k a l - n u i . N a m e of a wind at Ko'olau, Kauai. (For. 5:97.) K h l - k e ' e . N a m e of a wind of Na-wiliwili, Kauai, k l - ' u l a ' l l l a . A red ti grown for ornament, long in Hawaii but not native, kiule, k i u r e . Jury. Eng. k l u l e l a , klurela. Squirrel. Eng. k i u l e n u i , kiure n u i . Grand jury. K i l l - w a i - l e h u a . N a m e of a cold wind. Lit., K i u of the lehua honey. Ku'u hoa pili i ke anu o Kiu-wai-lehua (For. 6:424), my close companion of the cold Kiu-Zc/iua-honey wind, k l w a ' a . 1. N a m e of a mythical bird. 2. T o dredge. 3. Stick formerly used as a vise to hold the canoe while attaching the gunwale strakes (mo'o). Also called molt. k i w a ' a w a ' a . 1. Full of ruts and furrows, rough, rutty, uneven; broad-shouldered, muscular, as a strong man (so callod because the muscular furrows suggest canoes, wa'a). 2. T y p e of coarse, rough tapa. khvala'O. Untidy, disorderly, unkempt; scrawly, as writing. Kiwala'o maoli no kau ho'onoho lana i ka wahie, how carelessly you have heaped the; wood. kiwawcl. 1. Unintelligible sound of voices. 2. Mulberry bark partly beaten into tapa. kiwi. Horn of an animal; horn of the kala, a fish; curved object such as a sickle; curved, bent; to pull obliquely, as a lish on a line; to bencl forward or sideways, as a sleepy person; to reel and stagger as in drunkenness; to fall or stumble head foremost. h o ' o k i w i . T o curve, bend; to stagger, etc. k i w l k i w i . Kedup. of kiwi. k l w i i a . Civil, civic; civilian. Eng. liana kiwila, civil service. Ilui Kiwila Hawai'i, Hawaiian Civic Association. Kanawai kiwila, civil laws, civil code. _Na pono kiwila, civil rights. Po'e limahana kiwila, civilian laborers, k i w i n i . Brazen. Cf. wini. ko. 1. Of (o-form possessive; see Gram. 3.4). N o t e idiomatic use with a, as far as, plus a direction word: ko a uku, those of the uplands; ko a mua, those in the foreground, ko a hope, those behind. Ko kakou, our (plural, inclusive). Ko Ana hale, Anna's house. Ko ia, of him, his, hers, its. Ko laila, of that place, belonging to that place, local. Ko 'one'i mokomoko nui (For. 5:411), the big wrestler of this place. Ko ka 'uhane, spiritual things. 2. Your (of one person; singular possessed object; replacing both kou and kau \ see Gram. 3.4). k o . 1. T h e sugar cane (Saccharum oflicinarum), a large unbranched grass brought to Hawaii by early Polynesians as a source of sugar and fiber. T h e thick stems are full of sweet juicy pulp. In time, many different kinds of cane were produced, with many different attributes and names. Cane yields one of the most valuable plant products known. For commercial purposes the yield has been increased by hybridizing with such success that the sugar industry has become the largest industry in Hawaii. Cf. kea, 31 He 'oi keld'o ke kanaka huhu . . . 'a'ohe pu ko momona iaia (For. 5:209), he's a very angry man . . . no clump of sugar cane will sweeten him up [i.e., you can't mollify his anger]. Ko 'eli lima a 'o JIalali'i, hand-dug sugar cane of Halali'i [famous in songs descriptive of Niihau; its stalks grew in sand with only the leaves protruding]. ( P P N to, P M P tebu.) 2. Dragged, towed, wiud-borne; long, as a vowel sound; to

— drag, tow, drawl; to massage; to hold a note for several beats in singing or chanting; pull, tug, drawing; massage. Cf. lawai'a ko lau. Ko max ana ke 'ala o ka pua o ka pxkake, the fragrance of the jasmine flower is wind-borne. I aloha i ke ko a ka wai, i ka 'i mai "Anu kaua" (chant), beloved is the pulling current in the stream, saying, " W e are c o o l . " 3. T o fulfill, come to pass; to succeed; to become pregnant; to win i n d i s p u t e ; fulfilled. Ua ko ka'u ho'ovi'i ma ke kanawai, I won the lawsuit. h o ' o k S . Executive; to fulfill; to carry out, as a contract; to cause a conception^ Hojoko 'ana, performance, carrying out. Ho'oko ka?iawai, to enforce the law. Ilo'oko hana mamua o ka le'ale'a, duty before pleasure. Luna ho'oko, executive officer. Ka puke o ka pule 'ana a me ka ho'oko 'ana, the book of prayers and the administration [of the sacrament]. 4. T o break up lumps in pox by ressing against the side of a container. 5. econd note in musical scale, re. 6. A call to to pigs, fowl. Also kolo, kolo, kolo. koa. 1. Brave, bold, fearless, valiant; bravery. Cf. ho'onakoa. h o ' o k o a . Brave; to cause bravery. 2. Soldier, warrior; martial. Kanawai koa, martial law. h o ' o k o a . T o act as a soldier; to cause to be a soldier. 3. T h e largest of native forest trees (Acacia koa), with light-gray bark, crescent-shaped leaves, and white flowers in small, round heads. A legume with fine, red wood, a valuable lumber tree, formerly used for canoes, surfboards, calabashes, now for furniture and ukuleles. A small koa was sometimes added to the hula altar to Laka, goddess of the hula, to make the dancer fearless. T h e name koa may be qualified by the terms ka, ku-makua, ku-mauna. E ola koa, live like a koa tree [i.e., long]. ( P P N toa, P M P teRas.) 4. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind at Malei, Molokai. (For. 5:103.) k o ' a . 1. Coral, coral head. Also 'dko'ako'a. Ke ko'a mokumoku o Ile'eia, the broken coral beds of He'eia (an expression used in songs and chants referring to He'eia, Oahu]. 2. Fishing grounds, usually identified by lining up with marks on shore. 3. Shrine, often consisting of circular piles of coral or stone, built along the shore or by ponds or streams, used in ceremonies as to make fish multiply; also built on bird islands, and used in ceremonies to make birds multiply.

D

k o ' a . Arid, barren, rocky and unfruitful; dry or tasteless, as overdone meat. Fig., rude, nasty, k o ' a ' a . Same as ko'a. k o a - ' a w a p u h i . Koa with yellowish wood, regarded as female by Hawaiians. Lit., ginger koa. k o a ' e . 1. T h e tropic or boatswain bird, particularly the white-tailed tropic bird (Phaethon lepturus dorotheae), which inhabits cliffs of the high islands. T h e red-tailed tropic bird is koa'e'uia\ the white is koa'e-kea. Ka pali Icle koa'e, cliff [where] tropic birds fly. 2. A variety of banana. Also called a'ea'e and manini. (Neal 212.) 3. A taro; varieties are qualified by the colors 'ele'ele, ke'oke'o, 'ula'ula. 4. A snapper fish. 5. A variety of sweet potato, koaea. llude, nasty. k o a ' e k e a . T o adjust and fit canoe parts to the canoe body. Obs. k o a ' e - k e a . See koa'e, l. k o a ' e - ' u i a . See koa'e, 1. k o a h a . Y o u n g shoots of mulberry plant used for medicine; soft mulberry fiber used for making fine white tapa. Obs. k o a - h a o l e . A common roadside shrub or small tree (Leucaena glauca), f r o m tropical America, with pinnate leaves, round white flower heads, and long, flat, brown pods; closely related to the koa. T h e small brown seeds are strung for leis, purses, mats; plants used for fodder. (Neal 360.) Lit., foreign koa. kOaheahe. Blowing gently, as the wind. Cf. koaniani. k o a hele w&wae. I n f a n t r y soldier. Lit., soldier goes afoot.

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— k O ' a l . To stir with a circular motion of t h e h a n d ; to wind around, creep around, as a vine; to gird around, as a pa'u sarong; to brace with a paddle, k o a i ' a . Var. of koai'e. k d ' a i ' a l . R e d u p . of ko'ai. k o a l ' e . A n a t i v e tree (Acacia koaia), much like t h e koa but smaller, t h e pods narrower and curved (instead of straight), and leaves averaging narrower; t h e wood is harder, formerly used for spears, f a n c y paddles, a n d for t h e i'e t a p a beater; later for f u r n i t u r e . Fig., person f r o m t h e upland c o u n t r y . Also called koai'a. Cf. hu'e. Lau koai'e, a koai'e leaf; fig., a n y t h i n g f r o m t h e upland c o u n t r y . (Neal 357.) k o a k a . l . Naked, exposed, of a male. Fig., debauchee (Laie 501), dissolute. Hole koaka, head of penis. 2. Quarter. Eng. k o ' a k a . Coral shoal with rough sea where two or more opposing currents meet. Fig., valiant. (1 Sam. 14.52.) Lit., dashing coral. k o a k a ' a k a u a . W a r strategist. (Kep. 125.) k o a k a h i k o . Veteran, old soldier. k o a k a i . Shore dweller. k o a k a u a l l o . Cavalry soldier. Lit., horsefighting soldier, k o ' a k e a . White coral. k o a k e l u k a k e ( k e r u s a d e ) . Crusader. Lit., crusade (Eng.) soldier. k o a k i . Sugar cane (so called to distinguish from kopa'a and koomoomo \ t h e root seems to be 'aki, to bite, but t h e glottal stop is lost), k o a k i a ' l . Military sentry, guarding soldier. Na koa kia'i lahui o ka teritori, national guard of t h e territory. k o a k o a . Overbold, arrogant, daring, i m p u d e n t . Cf. koa, brave. Koakoa lapa, fearless and mischievous. k o ' a k o ' a . 1. Coral. 2. Scarred; rough scar. 3. Well-supplied, rich. He nohona ko'ako'a ko lakou, theirs is a contented, c o m f o r t a b l e life. Kai ko'ako'a, rich, f a t sauce as of t h e parrot fish; watery fluid of the bowels, k o ' a k o ' a i . Same as ko'ai'ai. k o ' a k o ' a n a . Redup. of ko'ana, 1\ t h r i f t y , saving; to have saved or a c c u m u l a t e d , k o ' a - k o h e . M u s h r o o m coral. Lit., creased coral, k o a k u m u ' o l e . Var. of koa makua 'ole. Lit., koa without t r u n k , k o ' a l a . 1. Var. of ko'ana, 1, 2. 2. Coagulated mass of blood t h a t fails to come away with a f t e r b i r t h . (AP.) k o ' a l a . 1. To broil (of meat, fowl, fish)^ Cf. kunu, pulehu, and 'ala, f r a g r a n t . Pipi ko'ala, broiled beef. 2. Fast, quickly. Hao ko'ala ka makani la, pau loa, with one f a s t sweep of wind, all is gone. k o ' a l a ' a l a . 1. Redup. of ko'ala. 2; food scraps. 'O ka ho'omakauli'i, loa'a no na wahi ko'ala'ala e ola ai ia mau la nele, by saving are obtained bits of food to survive on in these d a y s of need. 2. Quickly. Cf. ala-, fast. Ilei ko'ala'ala ka manu o Ka'ula, t h e bird of K a ' u l a is quickly caught, k o a - l a u - k a n i . A kind of koa t r e e regarded by Hawaiians as male. Lit., strong koa. k o a - l a u - n u l . A variety of koa. Lit., large-leafed koa. k o a l l , k o w a l l . 1. Some kinds of morning-glory (Ipomoea spp L ). T h e vines were used for swings and nets (koko). (Neal 620.) 2 . Swing; to swing, twirl about, twine. Lele koali, t o j u m p rope, t o ride in a swing. 3. A v a r i e t y of sweet p o t a t o . 4. See puhi-koali. k o a l l - ' a i . An African morning-glory (Ipomoea cairica), with pink or purple flowers and flvet o seven-lobed leaves; t h e long trailing stems were formerly used as cordage, t h e t u b e r o u s roots and main stems, t h o u g h s o m e w h a t bitter, as f a m i n e food. (Neal 624.) Also called koalilau-manamana.

k o e

— k o a l l - ' a w a . A morning-glory {Ipomoea congesta). a n a t i v e of Pacific islands, with heart-shaped leaves, flowers opening blue in t h e morning and changing t o pink later in t h e day. When pounded, t h e bitter-tasting stems and roots are used externally for bruises and broken bones, b u t a r e dangerous t o t a k e internally. Also called koali-' awahia. k o a l i - k u a - h u l u . A tropical American weedy vine (Merremia acgxjptia, synonym, Ipomoea pentaphylla) with tawny-hairy stems and leaves, t h e leaves five-lobed, t h e flowers white. Also called kua-hulu. k o a l l - l a u m a n a m a n a . Same as koali-'ai. k o a l l - m a h o . A kind of morning-glory (.Ipomoea dissecta?). k o a l i - m & k e a . A kind of morning-glory, k o a l i - p e h u . T h e moon flower (Ipomoea alba), a morning-glory f o u n d in m a n y tropical countries, with f r a g r a n t , white, night-blooming flowers, to six inches long, and heart-shaped, angled, or lobed leaves. Also, large f o r m of koali-' awa. k o a l l - p o n l . A kind of morning-glory, k o a m a k u a ' o l e . F a m o u s legendary koa tree a t lva-hihi-kolo, Kauai, t h o u g h t to h a v e no roots or t r u n k , and to spread over t h e ground like a creeper. (For. 5:53.) Lit., koa w i t h o u t parent. k o a m a l l n a , k o a m a r i n a . M a r i n e (noun). Eng. k o a n a . 1. Spacing, space, as between rows of stitching in a quilt; width of p a n d a n u s strips used in plaiting. lie aha ke koana o ka maka o ka 'upena? W h a t ' s t h e width of t h e mesh of t h e net? 2. Bruised or parched spot on fruit, as breadfruit. Rare. 3. See mai'a-koana. k o ' a n a . 1. Dregs, sediment, small fragments, particles; to settle, as dregs. Ko'ana 'ana, k a v a dregs; fig., nursing of bitterness, h o ' o k o ' a n a . T o settle, as dregs. Fig., to p u t one's mind on a thing, concentrate upon. 2. liladder. k o ' a n a m l m i . Alkali in urine, k o ' a n a w a l . Small pool f r o m which most of t h e water has ovaporated. Cf. ko'ana, 1_. E holoi 'ia mai ka pu niu, i ke ko'ana xcai 'akolea (hula c h a n t ) , wash the coconut cup, in t h e tiny pool amid t h e ferns, k o a n l . 1. S a m e as koali. 2. Same as koaniani. k O a n i a n i . T o waft, as a soft cooling breeze; to make_a breeze with a f a n ; cooled by a breeze. Cf. koaheahe. k O a n o a n o . Dark, gloomy, fearful, k o a ' o h a . Same as koai'e.

k o a p a k a . Valiant, brave, especially in war. Obs. k o a u k a . Upland dweller. k o e . 1. To r e m a i n ; remaining, left over, excessive; remainder, surplus, excess; except; to be o b t a i n e d ; soon, a b o u t to: almost, b u t , only thing remaining, not yet. Koe is much used in idioms: Koe aku ia, except for this; this is not k n o w n or included; I d o n ' t know. Koe keia, except for this; however; but. 'Umi minuke i koe, kani ka hola 'elima, ten m i n u t e s before five [remaining t e n minutes, sound t h e fifth hour]. 'A'ohe hana a koe aku! No work is left! Oh, w h a t doings! 'A'ohe huhu a koe aku.' [He] couldn't h a v e been more angry! Ina e mimi, 'a'ohe koe 'aina i ka lilo i ka wai (For. 5:139), if [he] urinates, t h e r e is no land t h a t is not carried off b y t h e water [i.e., all t h e land becomes water]. He 'ai mai koe, will soon be eating. Hele maila na koa . . . nana 'ia aku, he ho'ea mai koe, t h e soldiers are coming . . . look, they'll soon be arriving! 'O ka i'a koe, t h e fish not yet gotten. 'O ka i'a i koe, t h e fish t h a t remain. 'Ane kipi wale aku no koe o keia keiki (For. 4:260), this boy does e v e r y t h i n g b u t rebel, h o ' o k o e . T o save, reserve for later use, cause a remainder. Na koa i ho'okoe 'ia, soldiers of t h e reserves. 2. T o scratch, claw, scrape; t o strike, as a m a t c h ; to card wool; to strip p a n d a n u s leaves; t o clean off pulp, as of mulberry b a r k ; to pull a stick with hooks t h r o u g h t h e water t o impale

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k o ' e

fish; garden rake, wool carder; stripper for p a n d a n u s leaves, formerly a thorn, now either a board with razor blades and phonograph needles over which t h e leaves are drawn, or a stripping machine, k o ' e . W o r m of a n y kind. He ko'e ka pule a kahuna, t h e p r a y e r of sorcerers is a worm [it moves iike a worm t o reach its victim], k o e a . Scratched, eroded. Cf. koe, 2. Nihoa ka pali, kala lua i uka; koea a mania ( P H 206), notched cliff, very s h a r p in t h e m o u n t a i n ; eroded smooth. k o e ' 2 . Willful, obstinate, unsociable, taciturn, k o ' e a u . Design on a t a p a beater or on t a p a consisting of gently waving, delicate parallel lines (the waves are smaller and less jagged t h a n those of t h e ha'ao). Cf. pu'ili. k o ' e a u - h a i u ' a . Ko'eau design with one or more straight lines separating every t w o wavy lines. k O ' e h a ' e h a . H e a t , sultriness; sultry, uncomf o r t a b l y hot. Fig., physical or mental distress or discomfort; distressed. Kd'eha'eha i ka la, u n c o m f o r t a b l y hot in t h e sun. h o ' o k o ' e h a ' c h a . To cause heat. Fig., t o distress. Ho'oko'eha'eha noho'i ka hana a keiki i ka makua, how childish actions distress t h e parents, k o ' e h a n a . 1. W a r m t h , h e a t ; warm. (AP.) 2. Boxing ring, g r a n d s t a n d , booth. (AP.) 3. Cons t a n t labor. (AP.) k o e h e k e . Go ahead! Eng. k o e h o n u a . 1. A large remainder, a balance, r e m n a n t . Koehonua ka 'uala, plenty of sweet potatoes left. 2. Two-pronged fishhook. Obs. k o ' e - k a l . Any sea worm, as t h e marine nematodes; r o u n d w o r m s or threadworms, k o ' e k e . Same as kaiko'eke, most used as a t e r m of address. k o e k o e . Redup. of koe, 2; to s t r u m , as a ukulele, k o ' e k o ' e . 1. Cool, d a m p , chilled f r o m wet and cold. 2. Tasteless; insipid, as unsalted food or as too fresh poi\ flat, unsavory, as warm food t h a t has chilled. kOekOe a k u . Go away. Eng. k O ' e k o ' e l e . R e d u p . of ko'ele. k o ' e l e . Sound of tapping, as wood against wood; ticking, as of clock; thumping, trudging; rattling, as a window; crack of t h u n d e r ; to tap, tick, t h u m p , trudge, crackle, r a t t l e ; noisy, s t o r m y . For example see pilena, 2. k o ' e l e . 1. Small land unit f a r m e d by a t e n a n t for t h e chief. Also called hakuone. 2. Friday, so called because commoners worked on t h e chief's f a r m , called ko'ele, on this day. Any work for a chief. Ko'ele kalai v a'a. canoemaking for a chief. 3. r Any variety of large, tough 'opihi (the shells w ere used as scrapers and peelers). 4. Same as ko'ele'ele, seaweeds. 5. A small pond, reserved for a chief, where fish could be kept alive until required. 6. Less desirable portions of m e a t or fish. Obs. k o ' e l e ' e l e . 1. Small, edible red seaweeds (Gumogongrus spp.), with r a t h e r thick, flattened stems and branches. Also called 'awikiwiki; ekahakaha, B; ko'ele; limu-uaua-loli', nei. 2. R e d u p . of ko'ele. Ko'ele'ele ka haka ipu (For. 6:490), t h e calabash shelf is rattling. Poha ko'ele'ele o 'Ikuwa, the_ m o n t h of ' I k u w a breaks forth in storm. Haka ko'ele'ele u'i 'oLo'eau (For. 6:383), t h e s t a l w a r t y o u t h Lo'eau fights in a s t o r m y v a l i a n t way. k O - ' e l e ' e l e . Same as maikoiko, a sugar cane. k O ' e l e p a l a i l . P u d d i n g m a d e by peeling and mashing sweet potatoes, t h e n adding coconut cream gradually, k o ' e l e w&wae. Sound of footsteps; to walk, trudge. Mea 'ole ia loa i ke ko'ele wawae 'ia, this distance was as nothing when traveled on foot. kOelo. Var. spelling of kowelo. k o e n a . 1. Remainder, residue, r e m n a n t , surplus, leftovers, balance (in accounts), remains, ruins.

— Cf. koe, 1. Ke koe koena. na'u ia. when leftovers remain, t h a t ' s for me. 2. A scratching, raking, k o e n a ' o l . Difference, remainder, as in subtraction. k o e n e . To edge away, back away, creep, move cautiously and carefully, as a frightened or feeble person, h o ' o k o e n e . Causative/simulative; to endeavor to walk in spite of weakness; mentally at rest a f t e r mental agitation. Ho'okoene kana hele 'ana, he goes slowly, cautiously, k o h a . Crack of a whip, report of a pistol, slapping sound, loud _squeak; to resound thus, squawk. 'Olelo koha (Kep. 127), rude or sarcastic remark. Koha pono maila 'oe i ka pa'i 'ia, w h a t a loud noise when you were slapped. k 0 h £ . See noio-kdha. k O h a h a . Same as mohaha, fully developed. (AP.) k O h a h e . Desolate, destitute, uninhabited. Obs. k o h a i . To sway in t h e breeze, as a tree. Obs. k S h a i h a l . Redup. of kohai. Obs. k O h a ' i h a ' i . Same as konane, 1. k o h a k a . Obs. var. of koaka, 2. k o h a k o h a . Redup. of koha. k o h S Ilia. To resound loudly, as poi being vigorously pounded, k o h a n a . Nude, n a k e d ; alone, by itself. 'Ai kohana, to eat one thing only, whether flesh or vegetable. Ku kohana, to stand naked; to stand alone. Ilele kohana, to go naked, emptyhanded. or alone. k O h a n a h a n a . W a r m , hot. Cf. maliana. k o h a n a m i m l . T a r o growing in f r o n t of t h e door and about the house. Lit., naked urine. Obs. k o h e . 1. Mortise; crease, as in t h e center of the crown of a h a t : groove in wood; corner in a p a n d a n u s m a t : fork at t h e lower ends of house rafters (the under side of the fork was cut back as far as the c o m m e n c e m e n t of t h e fork or f u r t h e r to form the 'auwae). Cf. ko'u-kohe. h o ' o k o h e . To fold p a n d a n u s m a t t i n g to form a corner; to form a crease, groove, etc. 2. Vagina. 3. Inside b a r b of a fishhook, k o h e a . Warm, clear, serene weather, k o h e ' a k o . Venereal diseaso of women. Lit., plucked vagina. k O h e ' e . To train or practice, as for foot races. (Malo 219.) k o h e h e o . Var. of koheoheo. k o h e k o h c 1. All species of a genus of sedges (Eleoeharis), some introduced, some native. (Neal 80.) Also called pipi-wai. 2. Tonsillitis (used with pu'u). k o h e k o h e a . Redup. of kohea. k o h e k o h e - p a p a . 1. A variety of kohekohe plant. 2. Bilateral tonsillitis, k o h e - l e l e w a . Same as kohe-lewalewa. k o h e l e m u . Dull, i n a t t e n t i v e , inactive, k o h e l e m u . 1. Division between t h e vagina and anus. 2. Male sodomy. Lit., anus vagina, k o h e - l e w a l e w a . A white loli t h a t lives in t h e sand (Holothuria arenicola). Lit., hanging vagina, k o h e l u a . Double-barbed, of a fishhook, k o h e l u a p a ' a . Same as kohe lua. k o h e n a l o . Corrugated stone used for smoothing wood or stone; to file or rasp with this stone, k o h e o . 1. T o show off, parade, s t r u t . h o ' o k O h e o . Causative/simulative. 2. Var. of poheo, head of penis. 3. Same as koheoheo, 3. k 0 h e o h e o . _ 1. To fall, as through t h e air; to tumble. 'Opu nui kewekewe, pa i ka lani, koheoheo.' (children's song ridiculing a fat stomach), big belly, large, large, touch t h e sky and t u m b l e clown. Lele koheoheo i ka pali o Kapa'aheo. tumbling f r o m t h e cliff of K a p a ' a h e o [a "goner," play on heo, gone], 2. Poisonous. He 'apu 'auhuhu koheoheo, a poisonous concoction of 'auhuhu\ fig., a poisonous-natured person. 3. Coattail. 4. Stick or buoy t h a t floats a

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k o ' i

fishhook. 5. R e d u p . of koheo. 6. N o s e flute (hano is m o r e c o m m o n ) . k O h i . 1. T o g a t h e r , as f r u i t ; t o b r e a k off n e a t l y , a s t a r o c o r m f r o m t h e s t a l k w i t h a stick or k n i f e ; t o split, a s b r e a d f r u i t ; splitter, a s stick, stone, knife. Wahine kohi noni (For. 5:335), t h e n o n i - g a t h e r i n g w o m a n [an insult t o Pele perh a p s likening her disposition t o t h e sour noni f r u i t ) . (Possibly P P N matosi,PMP tes.) 2 . F a t , rich, as f o o d ; f a t n e s s . Na kohi kelekele o Kapu'u-kolu, t h e rich f o o d s of K a p u ' u - k o l u [Kauai, f a m o u s f o r a b u n d a n c e ] . 3. T o fill or heal, of a w o u n d . Ke kohi maila ka 'i'o, t h e flesh is beginn i n g t o fill u p t h e c a v i t y . 4 . T o hold b a c k , check, r e s t r a i n ; t o s t r a i n , especially as in c h i l d b i r t h , t o t r a v a i l ; to hold b a c k by pressing a p e r s o n ' s a r m , a s in w i t h h o l d i n g c o n s e n t , or a s in urging s o m e o n e n o t t o be g e n e r o u s ; labor pains, t r a v a i l . Fig-, a g o n y , f e a r . Cf. haukohi, kaohi. ho'ok d h l . C a u s a t i v e / s i m u l a t i v e . Also ha'akohi. k O h i a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of kohi. Kohia mai makou e ka makani Moa'e (chant), we were held back by t h e M o a ' e wind. Kohia aku ka 'ilio, hold back t h e dog. k O h l ' a i . T o s e p a r a t e t a r o c o r m f r o m s t a l k ; to pick t a r o . k d h l k O h i . S a m e as kokohi; to cull, s e p a r a t e , grade, a s fish or sweet p o t a t o e s , k o h l k f l . S a m e as kokoliiku, t o lay waste. k O h l k & h l - k u - p a l a l S . C h i l d r e n ' s guessing game, w i t h a n o b j e c t h i d d e n in the. e a r t h or s a n d , k t i h l n a . P a r t of t a r o w h e r e t h e c o r m is c u t a w a y f r o m t h e t o p ; s p l i t t i n g of a b r e a d f r u i t for cooking. k o h o . 1. Guess, election, choice, selection; t o choose, select, bid, guess, a n t i c i p a t e , d e c i d e on, vote, elect, d r a w lots. La koho, election d a y . Po'e i koho 'ia, chosen r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . 'Owai kau moho i koho ai? Which c a n d i d a t e did you v o t e for? Po'e koho paloka, voters. I ke koho 'ana o na 'ao'ao, a t o p t i o n of parties. h o ' o k o h o . T o choose, elect, a p p o i n t . 2. T i p of a p a d d l e blade, k o h o h o n u a . T o choose a t r a n d o m , w i t h o u t t h o u g h t or care, a r b i t r a r i l y ; to v o t e w i t h o u t f o r e t h o u g h t , or f o r t h e sake of voting, k d h o k o . A n infection, p r o b a b l y luetic, k o h o k o h o . R e d u p . of koho, I. - k o h o k o l a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k o h o k o l a . S a m e as ho'aikola. Obs. k o h o l a . Reef flats, b a r e reef. Kai kohola, lagoon, k o h o l a . Whale. K o h o l a - l e l e . N a m e of a wind blowing f r o m east to west, also called Kiu a n d Kohola-pehu. Lit., leaping whale, k o h o l a - p e h u . 1. A n a t i v e s h r u b in t h e c o m posite f a m i l y ( R a i l l i a r d i a latifolia) w i t h long b r a n c h e s , opposite, elliptical, p o i n t e d leaves, a n d small flower h e a d s in large panicles. 2. (Cap.) Var. of Kohola-lele. k o h o l u a . 1. L a n c e for boils, sores, as of fishbone or a s h a r p s t i c k ; a b o r t i o n stick; this t e r m , like t h a t r e f e r r i n g t o o t h e r s h a r p things (shark, sea urchin, eel), is applied t o chiefs a s i n d i c a t i v e of t h e s h a r p d e f e n s e of t h e chief a g a i n s t c o n t a c t w i t h his t a b o o person, or i n f r i n g e m e n t of his t a b o o s . He koholua 'oi ke ali'i, a s h a r p - p o i n t e d piercing i n s t r u m e n t is t h e chief. 2 . A long shellfish (Terebra s p p . ) . k o h o m u a . F i r s t choice, first guess; h y p o t h e s i s . Uku koho mua, u p s e t price, in public bidding. k 6 - h o n u a - ' u l a . A red s u g a r cane, used in medicine. Lit., red e a r t h c a n e , k o h o p a l o k a . T o c a s t a ballot, v o t e ; voting, election. k o h o p o l o l e i . R i g h t choice; to choose r i g h t l y ; t o v o t e a s t r a i g h t ticket, k o h o w a e m o h o . P r i m a r y election. Lit., c a n d i d a t e - s e l e c t i o n election, k o h u . 1. R e s e m b l a n c e , a p p e a r a n c e , likeness, m a t c h ; s u i t a b l e , agreeable, a p p r o p r i a t e , m a t c h ing, in good t a s t e , a t t r a c t i v e , becoming, pleas-

h o 1u

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ing, fit_, like, r e s e m b l i n g , alike, similar. Kohu. kena papale ia 'oe, t h a t h a t is becoming to you. He kohu haole no ke namu mai, t a l k s j u s t like Pukiki a w h i t e person. '0 kela kanaka, he kohu 'oe ke nana aku, h e looks j u s t Jike a P o r t u g u e s e . Hiki i ke kameleona ke 'o'olopu i kona kohu 'ana, i hinahina, i 'dma'oma'o, i 'ele'ele, t h e c h a m e l e o n c a n c h a n g e his a p p e a r a n c e to gray, green, black. Ua kohu au me ia la, me ka liko lehua o uka, I ' m a good m a t c h f o r h i m , f o r t h e lehua b u d of t h e u p l a n d , h o ' o k o h u . T o a s s u m e a likeness t o ; t o p r e s u m e to; to m a k e a d v a n c e s , p e r h a p s h y p o c r i t i c a l l y ; t o t a k e a f a n c y to;_to_ h a v e a c r u s h o n ; p r e s u m p t i o n , pretense. Nana aku 'oe i ka ho'okohu o mea ia Pole, see how so-and-so is i n f a t u a t e d w i t h Pole. 'A'ole ho'i i ka ho'okohu 0 ka make'e waixcai (1 Tes. 2.5), nor a p r e t e n s e of c o v e t o u s n e s s . Ho'okohu ka ua i uka, how fit a n d pleasing is t h e r a i n of t h e u p l a n d s . 2 . Sap, stain, blot; s t a i n e d . Malama o kohu ko loir, be c a r e f u l or you'll s t a i n y o u r dress. IVai i kohu 1 na huawaina (Nail. G.3), liquor of g r a p e s ; lit., liquid t h a t is juice in grapes. Kohu 'mika, ink blot. 3 . See limu-kohu. - k o h u . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k o h u . T o a p p o i n t , a u t h o r i z e . Ho'okohu 'ia 'o Keoni i kumu kula, J o h n was a p p o i n t e d school t e a c h e r . Pulapala ho'okohu, c e r t i f i c a t e of a p p o i n t m e n t , k o h u k o h u . 1. R e d u p . of kohu, 1. Kohukohu 'oe i ke kau lio, a t t r a c t i v e you a r e on h o r s e b a c k , l i o ' o k o h u k o h u . R e d u p . of ho'okohu-, to pret e n d . Ho'okohukohu kulana maka'iki'u, impers o n a t i o n of t h e office of d e t e c t i v e . He ho'okohukohu ho'ohanohano ( K e p . 105), a person pret e n d i n g to h o n o r s not due. Jlo'okohukohu Akua, to p u t on a show of serving (Jod. Ho'okohukohu ali'i. t o a s s u m e t h e m a n n e r s of a c h i e f . 2. R e d u p . of kohu, 2. k o l i u k u k u i . T h e s a p of kukui. k o h u l i k e . E x a c t l y like. See kohu, 1. k o h u ' o l e . N o t m a t c h i n g , ill-suited, of poor t a s t e , silly, k o h u p o n o . Decent, upright, k o l . 1. T o urge, i m p l o r e , require, insist on, demand,_claim, pull; r e q u i r e m e n t . liana i ka mca a ke kanawai i koi mai ai, doing w h a t t h e law c o m m a n d s . Koi poho. c l a i m s for d a m a g e . Pila koi, r e q u i s i t i o n . 2 . F i s h i n g pole, pole fishing ( s a m e a s t h e m o r e c o m m o n makoi). k o i . 1. S h a r p , shrill, a s a voice. 2. T o flow with force, as w a t e r over a d a m . Kol au, a flowing c u r r e n t ; Jig., a flow of eloquence. 3. T o string, as flowers for a lei or c a n d l e n u t s on a c o c o n u t leaf m i d r i b for a light. 4. Sliding g a m e ; c h i l d ' s g a m e w i t h sticks d u g i n t o e a r t h or s a n d while r e p e a t i n g a jingle ( M a l o 233). 5. A small t r e e (Coprosma kauensis), a n a t i v e of K a u a i , r e l a t e d to t h e pilo. k o ' I . 1. Axe, a d z e ; adzelike, s h a r p , p r o j e c t i n g , a s a f o r e h e a d . Malu ko'i, deep gloom, s h a d e . 2. Y o u n g s t a g e of all 'ula'ula, red s n a p p e r s . 3. S a m e as ko'iko'i. h o ' o k o ' l . S a m e a s ho'oko'iko'i. k o l a . S a m e a s kona. Ko ia, his. E 'ike i ko ia ala ho'opunipuni nui ia'u (Laie 483), should see his g r e a t falseness t o me. k o l a a l a . His, hers. He mana'o paha ko ia ala, he m a y h a v e a n idea, k o ' l a w e . L i g h t , m o v i n g r a i n ; t o shower. E ka wiliu'ilitvai, ko'iau-e i ka la'i (song), O l a w n sprinkler, light m o v i n g r a i n in t h e c a l m , k o ' l a w e a w e . R e d u p . of ko'iawe. 'O ke ku a ka ua ko'iaweawe la (song), t h e c o l u m n of light r a i n appears. k o ' I ' S w i l l . S o c k e t e d adze, as used for hollowing o u t t h e n a r r o w bow a n d s t e r n of a c a n o e hull. k O ' l e ' l e . 1. P l a y t h i n g , t o y , used in w a t e r . (For. 5:235.) 2 . R a p i d c u r r e n t or w h a t it carries; t o r u s h , as w a t e r , k o i e l e . T o m o v e t o a n d f r o restlessly, a s t h e sea. Ka nape koiele a ke kai, t h e restless s u r g e of t h e sea. k o ' I h o l u . An a d z e used t o s m o o t h a canoe.

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k o ' i h o n u a

k o ' l h o n u a . Genealogical chant; to sing such chants. k o l ' l . T o diminish, decrease. ko'I'I. 1. Fresh, as plants; erection of male genital. 2. Desire; to desire. I mau ai ke ko'i'i koi a loko (song), to hold forever the insistent desire within. k o ' l k a h l . Carpenter's plane. Lit.. shaviDg adze, k o ' l k&holo. Planing adze. Lit., smoothing adze, k o ' l k i l a l . A d z e used for carving, k o ' l k&pill. Joiner's adze. Lit., adze for putting together, kolkol. Redup. of koi, 1. k o ' i k o ' l . Weight, responsibility; stress, accent; heavy, weighty; prominent, influential; emphatic, stressed; harsh, severe. Aia ke ko'iko'i ma keia hua'olelo, the stress is on this word. Maluna o'u kela ko'iko'i, that responsibility is on me. Ko'iko'i ka leo, loud, authoritative voice. h o ' o k o ' l k o ' I . T o deepen the voice; to stress or emphasize in speech; to treat with severity, harshness, rigor; to burden, oppress. Ho'ohana ihola ko 'Aikupika i na mamo o Ikela'ela me ka ho'oko'iko'i (Puk. 1.13), the Kgyptians made the children of Israel serve with rigor, i i o ' o ko'iko'i pua ahi 'ole, to practice trickery secretly, stealthily, without giving oneself a w a y ; lit., to act emphatically without puffing fire (that will reveal the fire maker), k o ' l k o ' l n a . Stressing, accent, h o ' o k o ' i k o ' i n a . T o stress. k o l k u a . T o go behind one's back, to do in a person's absence what one would not do in his presence. ko'l k O k u l u . A d z e with straight edges, used to shave down the sides of a bowl or canoe, koili. T o rest on, as the moon on the surface of the sea; to sink into, penetrate. Cf. Hi, to land. Kela kaha kupa koili a ka lai ke kula, that place where_the sun beats down on the plain. Mokumokuahua loko, kupakupa koili i ka 'ino, heart torn with grief, penetrating, heart-rending tragedy. k o ' l llpl. Adze, axe. Lit., sharp adze. kOlna. Urging, insistence; fine (as punishment). Cf. koi, 1. Mai ho'olohe aku i kana koina, don't listen to his insistence, ko'l n u n u . Same as ko'i kalai. Lit., greedy adze. Rare. k 6 ' l ' o . Accomplished, come to pass, come true, as a prophecy. Lit., truly accomplished, k o ' l o m a . Small, oval adze as used for finishing a canoe. k o ' l *6will. Gouge. Lit., twisting adze, k o ' l p&hoa. Chisel, stone battle-axe. Lit., dagger adze. K o t - p a l l . N a m e of a wind at Halawa, Molokai. (For. 5:103.) koi pohti. T o sue for damages. k O ' l u ' l u . Distant, faraway, so high as to be barely visible, k o ' l ' u l a . Rainbow-hued rain, mist, cloud. Ua wili ko'i'ula ka lepo i ka lani mehe puahiohio la (For. 4:227), the dirt twirled into the sky like a red cloud in a whirlwind. Hala i ke ala ko'Vula a Kane, passed on along the rainbow-hued trail of Kane [death], k o l w i . See iwi, bone, for this idiom, k o k a , k o d a . 1. Soda. Eng. 2. See 'aila koka. kfika. 1. T o lash back and forth, as the tail of an animal. 2. T o gag, stuff the mouth. k 6 k a ' a . Lean, of meat; dry, barren. Cf. paka'a. k o k a k a , k o s a k a . Cossack. Eng. kokakok&. Redup. of koka, 2. k o k a k o u . Our, ours (o-form possessive, plural, inclusive; see Gram. 3.4). kOkala. 1. Thorns on the edge of a pandanus or pineapple leaf; spines on a dorsal fin. Maka kokala, thorny eyes, said (sometimes jestingly,

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For. 5:83) of the Puna people, who concealed the placenta of a newborn child in a pandanus tree, believing that the child's eyelashes would then grow long as the pandanus thorns, giving the child a bright, keen look. 2. Porcupine fish (Diodon hystrix, Diodon holocanthus, Cheilomycterus ajjinis); both spines and flesh are regarded as poisonous. Also called hoana. k o k a m i . God damn. Eng. k o k&n&wal. Law enforcement; to enforce the law. k o k&ua. Our, ours (o-form possessive, dual, inclusive; see Gram. 3.4). koke. Quick, near; quickly, soon, immediately; swift runner. Cf., kokoke, near. E hele koke 'oe, go quickly. koke. T o strike, hit. Ka hana ia a ke akamai, ka 'ike i ke koke 'ulu (song), that is what a clever one does, he knows how to hit the billiard ball. kft-kea. See kea, 2. kOkeano. Silent, deserted, uninhabited. Cf. ano, 1. koke'e. T o wind, bend. Obs. k6kekok0. Redup. of koke\ the noise of hitting, kokl. 1. Snub-nosed, as of a bulldog, 'llio koki, pug dog. 2. Same as 'alue, mudhen. koki. Settee, couch (formerly made of pandanus plaiting). Eng. koki. 1. Extremity, tiptop_, topmost,; upper limit. 'O ka pi'i no ia a koki o Wai-lau (saying), climbed to the very top of Wai-lau [i.e., has reached the peak of a career, has made a great achievement; Wai-lau is a very steep^ valley with high sides on Molokai). Nuni-kokx, supremely-beautiful [name of ' I ; m i ' s ivory pendant]. 2. T o don a helmet. Kakua na pu'ali, hume na mulo, uhi na 'ahu'ula, kokl na mahiole, tighten the belt, don the »kjIo, drape the feather cloak, put on the feather helmet, kokia. Var. of kokl, 1. koklaka, zodiaka. Zodiac. Eng. kokia-ivallau. Hold in lua fighting. K o k l k a , U o t l k a . Gothic. Eng. kOklkT. Sagging, bending; place where a branch divides off. kokiklu. A w a y up high. Fig., ambitious, koklkokl. Redup. of koki. kokio. Same as kio, h- E hole ana 'oe i hea? Kokio! Where are you going? N e v e r you mind! koki'o. 1. A native shrubby hibiscus (Hibiscus kukio) with red flowers. T h e wood produced fine charcoal. Also called aloalo, makii. 2. All species of a native genus (Kokia) of small trees related to the hibiscus, with red flowers, and round, leathery leaves with from three to seven shallow points. (Neal 497.) k o k i ' o - k e a . Same as koki'o-ke'oke'o. k o k i ' o - k e ' o k e ' o . A native hibiscus, a small tree or tall shrub (Hibiscus arnottianus) with large, white, fragrant flowers. It is found chiefly on Oahu; also a similar hibiscus (H. waimeae) from Kauai, with smaller leaves. (Neal 493.) Also called pa-makani, koki'o-kea. k o k i ' o - ' u l a ' u l a . Hibiscus kokio, a native red hibiscus. Also called koki'o, koki'o-'ula. koko. 1. Blood; rainbow-hued. Hoykomo koko, blood transfusion. Koko pau mano, blood of a shark victim. Uakoko, rainbow-sparkling rain, h o ' o k o k o . T o cause bloodshed; to blush (rare). Fig., angry. Cf. pi'i ka 'ula under pi'i. 2. Same as 'akoko, shrubs. 3. Same as limu-kohu, a seaweed. koko. Crow, cackle, of chickens; to crow, koko. 1. A carrying net, usually made of sennit, as used for hanging calabashes; a string hammock, as formerly used for carrying the very old. Koko pu'alu, plain net carrier; lit., slack net. Kokd pu'u, a fine, knotted net carrier. Ua ka'i koko, carried about in a hammock [due to extreme old age]. 2. T o tie up strings, as of a

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k o 1e

calabash; lacings 1 as of sharkskin to a drum body. Rare. Koko a'e i ka pu'olo a pa'a, bring up the corners of the wrapper and tie together firmly in a bunch. 3. Redup. of ko, to pull, jerk, drag, push, massage; to set a bone by applying pressure. 4. Pregnant, heavy with child. Na malama o ko lakou koko 'ana (Ioba 39.2), the months of their pregnancy. 5. Cocoa. Eng. k o k o a . Cocoa. Rare. Eng. kokoe. Redup. of koe, Z. Kokoe maka, to frown, cast shy glances. Kokoe akula na maka i ka 'ike i kona 'enemi (Laie 491), the eyes glared at seeing his enemies, h o ' o k o k o e . Causative/ simulative. Ho'ina'inau mea ipo i ka nahele, ho'okokoe ana ka maka i ka moani (chant), lovers are wooing in the woods, casting shy glances at the wafted fragrance, k o k d h i . Redup. of kohi, 1, 2, ho'okokOhi. Slow and stunted of growth; black and threatening. as clouds before a storm; forceful. Same as ha'akokohi, 1, 2. kokOlllkil. T o lay waste, especially to devastate crops. Kokoliiku i na kalo, to lay waste the taro. k o k o h u . Redup. of kohu, 2. koko h u a w a l n a . Wine. Lit., blood of grapes. Obs. kokol. Jet, spurt; to flow, rush, as a torrent or crowd. Kokoi hele na kanaka i ke ki'i 'oni'oni, the people rush in crowds to the movies. K o k o - t k l . Star named for Katnehemeha I's birthplace, seen at the time of his birth. Lit., little blood. k o k o - k a h l k i . A hairy cosmopolitan spurge (Euphorbia hirla), a small, weedy herb; leaves opposite, oblong, pointed at tip, oblique at base, with brownish spot near center, tiny flowers clustered at leaf axils. (Neal 453.) Lit., foreign blood. kokoke. Near, close, friendly (rare); to draw near; almost. Cf. koke, fast. Kokoke lakou e loa'a i ka alia, they were almost in an accident. Kokoke i ka hale, near the house, ho'okokoke. T o draw near, approach, kokokl. Redup. of koki, 1. kOkokl. Redup. of kohl, 1, 2. kokoko. B l o o d y ; rare, as steak. Fig., violently angry. k o k o k o h e . T o have intercourse with a menstruating woman. Lit., vagina blood, k o k o k o ' o h a . Small, inferior, and sometimes soggy sweet potatoes, kokole. 1. Redup. of kole, 1. 2. T a r o of the fifth generation. ( K e p . 153.) See kalo for names of generations. 3. Any food crop stunted by weeds or drought. ( A P . ) kokoleka. Chocolate. Eng. kOkOll't. Thick black cloud. lio'okOkOli'i. T o rise, as a thick black cloud, kokollkoli. Dark, burned, of a kukui nut candle, kokolo. Redup. of kolo, to creep, kokololio. Sharp, swift wind gust; rapid flowing water; d r a f t y ; to blow in gusts, k o k o l o n a h e . Redup. of kolonahe. k o k o l o w l n i . Sharp, penetrating, of wind. He makani kokolowini ka i hiki mai i ka po nei, a swift, penetrating wind gust came last night. kOkom&lei. Same as 'akoko, shrubs and small trees. k o k o m l , sodonil. Sodomy. Eng. k o k o m o . Redup. of komo, 1, Ke kokomo maila kela wa'a, that canoe is filled (and about to sink], Kokomo akula ka wa'a i ka nalu, the canoe is plunging through the waves, k o k o n a . Bleeding. k o k o n S . Same as konakona, dislike, k o k o n i . Redup. of koni. k o k o n o l ' e . T o grow strong after a period of weakness, h o ' o k o k o n o i ' e . T o rouse, encourage, incite.

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kOko'o. Partnership, partner, associate, companion (nearly always followed by a number designating the number of associated persons, as koko'olua, koko'okolu). Na lawai'a koko'o o na moku, the associated fishermen of the islands. kOko'oha. 1. Companionship, partnership, association of four persons; one of four associates. 2. Var. of kokoko'oha. kOko'ohia. H o w many? (Of associated persons.) k o k o - o - K e a w e . A variety of sweet potato. k O k o ' o k o l u . Partnership of three, one of three associates. Ko maua koko'okolu ia, he is a member of our partnership of three. kOko'olua. Companion, partner, associate, union (always of t w o ) . k o k o ' o Q . Redup. of ko'ou. kokope. Redup. of kope, 1; to parry, defend, koko p l ' l . High blood pressure. Lit., mounting blood. k o k o p f l ' a l u . N e t t e d bag made of sennit with large plain mesh. Lit., loose net. (For. 2:128129.) k o k o p u n a . First menstruation. Lit., spring blood. koko p u ' u p u ' u . V e r y fine koko net for a calabash carried by kahu of high rank with chief's food. (For. 2:130.) Lit., knotted net. k o k o ' u l a . N e t w o r k of red color, as of a spreading rainbow. kOkOwalkl. Pith of banana stalk. kftkOwe. Redup. of kowe, to go away. Eng. For example see kamali'i. kOkua. Help, assistant, helper; comforter (Ioane 14.26); co-operation; to_ help, assist, support; to second a motion. Kokua mainua i ka mea hewa mamua o ka hana heua 'ana, accessory to the offender before the commission of an offense. Hui kokua ku'ai home, co-operative home purchasing society, k o k u a h a ' l n a . Adverb. Lit., aid in speaking, k o k u a h e w a . T o aid and abet in wrongdoing; to hel]) in error, k o k u a h o u . Comforter (Ioane 14.10); new help, k o k u a k a u k a . Doctor's aide, intern. kOkua k u m u . Assistant teacher, substitute teacher. k o k u l l . Ear wax. Cf. kuli, deaf, kola. 1. Hard, rigid; sexually excited. Ma'i kola, sexually excited genital, a term of derision for an oversexed person, h o ' o k o l a . T o arouse sexual excitement. 2. T o spread out, as a turkey's tail. Obs. 3. Wedge, cleat. ( A P . ) 4. Also kora. K o r . (Ezek. 45.14.) ko laila. Those of that place. (Isa. 34.4.) k o l a k a , k o r a k a . Raven, ( l Nal. 17.4.) k o l a k o l a . Redup. of kola, I. ko l&kou. Their, theirs (o-form possessive, plural; see Gram. 3.4). k o l a m u . 1. Column. Eng. 2. Also k o r a m u . Quorum. Eng. kOlane. Same as konane. kOlanl. Sitting hula, similar to kithi, but in honor of a chief ( l a n i ) . Obs. k o l&ua. Their, theirs (o-form possessive, dual; see Gram. 3.4). kole. 1. Raw, as meat; inflamed; red, as a raw wound or as red earth. Cf. hakukole, kolekole, makole, koaka. Kole ka ihu, nose inflamed with cold. Kole ka waha, wrangling and quarrelsome. Kole ke ahi, fire that won't burn because of the dampness of the wood. Kole ka 'aina, the land is bare and red. Alalama o kole ka lae, careful or your forehead will be skinned. Kole ka'aka (For. 5:331), worthless, no good, h o ' o k o l e . Same as ho'okolekole. 2. Weak and spent, as an old plant. Cf. 'akole, mu'okole. 3. Surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus strigosus). Kole maka onaona, sweet-eyed kole [said of attractive people, as the eye of this fish is considered beautiful]. 4. Story; to tell stories. Eng.

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k o 1e a

kOlea. 1. Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis dominica fulvus), a migratory bird which comes to Hawaii about t h e end of August and leaves early in M a y for Siberia and Alaska. Fig., to repeat, boast; one who comes to Hawaii a n d becomes prosperous, and t h e n leaves with his wealth, j u s t as the plover arrives thin each year, f a t t e n s up, and leaves. A less common figurative reference is to one who claims friendship or kinship t h a t does not exist. Cf. hula kolea. Haole ki kolea, plover-shooting white m a n [said in astonishment and horror a t t h e white m a n ' s shooting of plovers, contrasting with the laborious Hawaiian methods of catching plovers, a way of saying t h a t white people are strange and different], Kolea ke kolea i kona inoa iho, t h e kolea just says his own name [of a boaster], 2. Stepparent, as makuahine kolea, makua kane kolea. 3. The mottled periwinkle, probably Littorina scabra or other Liltorina sp. Also called 'akolea, kolealea, kukae-kolea, pupu-kolea. 4. N a t i v e species of trees and shrubs ( M y r s i n e [Suttonia]) with oval to narrow leaves more or less crowded a t branch tips, small flowers, and small round fruits among or below t h e leaves. Uses: red sap and charcoal from the wood to dye tapa, wood for houses, logs for beating t a p a . (Neal 585-586.) 5. (Cap.) Korea; Korean. Eng. k o i e a - l a u - l i ' l . A native small tree or shrub with small leaves ( M y r s i n e sandwicensis). k 6 1 e a - l a u - n u l . A native tree ( M y r s i n e lessertiana), in the rain forests, with narrow to wide, large leathery leaves clustered a t branch tips, bearing many small round red or black fruits usually just below the leaves. Wood is not very hard, b u t was formerly used for house posts and beams. k o l e a l e a . 1. To play with a child, as bobbing it up and down on one's leg and singing ditties with t h e refrain kolealea. Cf. kolekolea, I. 2. Same as kolea, 3. k o l e a m o k u . Heiau, temple, built by a chief a f t e r recovering f r o m serious sickness, named in honor of the first man who learned the use of herbs in healing and who was deified after his death. k o l e k o l e . Redup. of kole, 1. Pipi mo'a kolekole, beef cooked rare. Kolekole ka maka, pulling down the lower eyelid of an eye, an insulting gesture t h a t might bring bad luck to t h e victim, especially if accompanied by t h e t a u n t ; Eia kau, kolekole ka makaI This is for you, a red eye! h o ' o k o l e k o l e . Causative/simulative; to cook rare; to skin, denude, bruise. Ho'okolekole maka, to make the r u d e gesture, k o l e k o l e a . 1. T o cry, of t h e kolea, bird; to sing, of the kahuli, land shell in Hawaiian belief. Fig., a child t h a t runs a b o u t wildly. 2. Variety of moano, goatfish. Rare. k o l e k o l e ' a . Said to be K a u a i name for a large kole, t h e fish, k o l e l a , k o l e r a . Cholera. Eng. For example see one'a. k o l e n e k a , k o r e n e s a . l . Kite bird. 2. Also k o r o n e t a . Coronet. (1 Oih. 15.28.) Eng. k o l e n l k a , k o r e n l s a . Glede, a bird. (Kanl. 14.13.) k o l e n u k u h e u . Variety of t h e fish kole, said to h a v e fine hairlike growths around t h e m o u t h . Lit., kole with hairy mouth, k o l e p a n a , k o r e b a n a . Corban. (Mar. 7.11.) k o l e p e l a ' a l u . Old, wrinkled, bleary-eyed. Obs. k o l l . 1. T o whittle, pare, sharpen; to trim, as a lamp or t h e raveled edges of a dress; to shave, as hair (Oihk. 14.9). Pahi koli, carving knife. Koli miki'ao, to pare nails. E lilo ana ka makou mau keiki i ke koli kukui a maluhi, our children are engrossed in lamp trimming until exhaustion [i.e., they are going on a night spree]. Cf. kokolikoli, kolikoli. 2. Meteor, k o l i . Same as pa'aila, castor bean or castor-oil lant. T h e name may be qualified by ke'oke'o, ght-colored, and 'ula'ula, red.

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k o l i a . 1. Passive/imperative of koli, 1. 2. Passive/imperative of ko, to draw. Hukia mai ke kaula i kupono, kolia mai ke kaula i malo'elo'e (chant for K a l a k a u a ) , pull t h e rope till it fits right, draw t h e rope till taut, k o l i a n a . 1. Accordion. Eng. 2. Also k o r i a n a . Coriander. (Puk. 16.31.) k o l l h a n a . Straight, tall. Oki kolihana ka pali o Wci-aloha, very straight and tall is the cliff of Wai-aloha [admiration for a tall, well-formed person]. k o l l ' l . 1. A native lobelia shrub (Trematolobelia macrostachys) to six feet high, with several horizontal branches a t the t o p when in flower, each branch bearing a long cluster of pink flowers, each flower two inches long; the narrowleaves to twelve inches by one inch. 2. T o disappear gradually, as a ship on the horizon; to evaporate. kOllko. Same as kolikoliko. k o l i k o l i . Bedup. of koli, l. k o l i k o l i k o . Swollen, enlarged, fat, greasy, k o l l - k u k u i . A variety of domesticated 'ilima with bronze-red flowers. Lit., kukui candle, k o l l l a , g o r i l a . Gorilla. Eng. k01U&. Thin, bony. Cf. lila, thin. Kolxla maila ke kino a hakau noho'i na iu'i, the body was so thin t h a t t h e bones stood out. k o l i l e l i l e . T o glisten, sparkle, k o l l l i . 1. T o flutter, as a flag; to wag, as a dog's tail. Also konini. Intrans. h o ' o k o l i l l . T o flutter, wave. Trans. 2. An 'ilima rod, a f a t h o m or so long, tipped with feathers and used as a wand in the 'ume game. 3. To rush out, as p e n t - u p water; to flow swiftly, leak. (AP.) kOIUi'l. Dwindling, diminishing, as of water in a stream or pool, or of something in the distance, or of pain; convalescing, k o l l l i k o . Same as 'oliliko, to sparkle, k o l l l i l l . T o vibrate, as heat. Cf. hulili. k o l l l i ' u . Same as koli'uli'u. k o l l n e k a , k o r i n e t a . Var. of koleneka. k O l l ' u . Same as koli'uli'u. k O l l ' u l i ' u . Dim, obscure 1 indistinct, as a d i s t a n t object or sound. Ka hanau 'ana a me ka wa koli'uli'u o ko Kawelo noho 'ana (For. 5:3), the birth and dim d i s t a n t time of Kawelo's life, k o l o . 1. T o creep, crawl; to move along, as a gentle breeze or shower; to walk bent over as in respect to a chief or as indicative of humility. Cf. kolo manu. Ahe kolo, gentle-moving breeze. Koa kolo, a sprawling koa tree, h o ' o k o l o . To cause to creep, crawl; to follow a trail, track, clue; to trace to a source. Cf. ho'okolokolo. 2. To pull, tow, d r a g : to pull a seine. Mokukolo, tugboat. 3. Wagon tongue or shafts. Also called kolo ka'a. 4. T o grumble. 5. Call to fowl, pigs. Kolo, kolo, kolo! Come, come, come! 6. Var. of kono, Z, to a t t r a c t birds. 7. Also k o r o . Biblical liquid measure, a b o u t 420 pints, k o l o a . Hawaiian duck (Anas wyvilliana wyvilliana). Also called koloa-maoli, native koloa, to distinguish it f r o m migratory or introduced ducks, also called koloa. kOloa. 1. Long cane with a crook. 2. T o make a prolonged sound, roar. 'O Puna ia o ke kai koloa i ka ulu hala, this is P u n a where t h e sea ever roars in t h e p a n d a n u s groves, k o l o a - m & p u . Pintail duck (Anas acuta tzitzihoa), a common migrant to t h e Hawaiian Islands. Lit., wind-blown koloa. k o l o a - m O h i l . Shoveler or spoonbill (Spatula clypeata). K o l o - ' £ p u ' u p u ' u . N a m e of a wind usually accompanied by rain, common at Wai-mea, Hawaii. Lit., rough creep, k o l o a u . To stretch o u t ; stretched out, long and thin. Obs. k o l o - h a l a . Chinese pheasant (Phasianus colchicus torquatus), t h e showy ring-necked pheasant. Lit., creep go on.

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komikina, komisina

k o l o h e . Mischievous, naughty; unethical or unprincipled in any way; rascal, mischief-maker, jrankster, comic, roughhouse, crook, vandal, echer; to act in this fashion (very common). Nana 'ia ke kupu, ka 'en, ke kolohe o kai, look at the upstart, rascal, and mischief-maker of the sea area. Moekolohe, adultery. Hihia waiwai kolohe, law suit or case involving smuggling; lit., case for dishonest goods. Ko laua hui kolohe 'ana, their adulterous union. Waiwai loa'a ma ke kolohe, ill-gotten gains, h o ' o k o l o h e . To do mischief, play pranks, etc.; to cause to be mischievous; to disturb, annoy; to do amusing things to create laughter; funny, humorous, comical, mischievous. Ho'okolohe noho'i kana hlmeni 'ana, he sings in such an amusing manner.

k o l o n a . 1. Colon. Eng. 2. Also k o r o n a . Crown, rosary. Eng. Cf. lei kolona. Pule kolona, prayer with beads. 3. Solon. Eng. k o l o n a h e . Gentle, pleasant breeze; gentle, mild; softly blowing. Lit., gentle creeping, k o l o n e . Column, as military. Eng. kolonelo, k o r o n e r o . Coroner (used with kiure, jury). Eng. k o l o n i a l a . Colonial. Eng. - k o l o n o . (With ho'o-) l i o ' o k o l o n o . To pretend not to hear, to feign deafness; indifferent, - k o l o n u h a . Same as kananuha. Rare, h o ' o k o l o n u h a . Same as ho'okananuha. k o l o p a . 1. To flght, scream, kick, as children in tantrums; to jerk away from, as a runaway horse; to bolt. 2. Crowbar. Eng. k o l o p a o . A bird (no data), k o l o p o m a . Chloroform. Eng. kolopfl. Well-proportioned, of a large person whose flesh is evenly distributed; also said of a long koa tree trunk that grows straight without branching. k o l o p u a . Fragrant, as air laden with the perfume of flowers, sometimes said of the breath. Lit., creeping of flowers. Ua hala ku'u lehua, aia i Ko'oko'olau i ka nae kolopua, my lehua blossom is gone to Ko'oko'olau to breathe perfuine-laden air. kolopupQ. Old, infirm, of an aged person bent with age. Lit., creep crouched, k o l o ' u ' a . Old, worn out, of an old hag or old sow. Cf. 'u'a, worn, faded, k o l o w a k a . Soda water. Eng. kolowalu. Name of a law in the time of Kuali'i safeguarding the rights of commoners. (For. 4:433.) k o l u . Three. See Gram. 3.5. Manawakolu, eternal. (PPN tolu, P M P telu.) k o l a . 1. Glue. Eng. 2. A thorny, weedy shrub (Acacia farnesiana), widespread in the tropics. It is a legume with finely divided leaves and fragrant, round, orange flower heads, used in the perfume industry. The bark yields a gum for glue. 3. Bluing used in washing clothes. Eng. 4. Same as 'iniko, indigo plant, used for bluing. 5. Screw. Eng. kdlfl. To scatter; to drop, as bombs; bombing. kOluIlul. Continued ringing sound. Obs. k o l u k a h l . Trinity. Koluk&hl H e m o l e l e . Holy Trinity, koltt k e l k l . Gauge screw, k o l u k e l l n e , g o l u k e r i n e . Glycerine. Eng. kOluIu. To defend, shield, ward off. Obs. Cf. palulu. k o m a . Comma. Eng. k O m a k a . See niho-komaka, a fish, k o m a k o . Tomato (generally called 'ohi'a or 'ohi'a-lomi). Eng. ko m & k o u . Our, ours (o-form possessive, plural, exclusive; see Gram. 3.4). k o m a l u n a . Apostrophe, glottal stop. Lit., comma (Eng.) above, k o m a n a . Stone sinker, as used with squid lines. Obs. ko m & u a . Our, ours (o-form possessive, dual, exclusive; see Gram. 3.4). k o m e . Bulrush. (Isa. IS.2.) k o m e - ' u l a ' u l a . A variety of sweet potato. kOml. To press, bear down, rub, as in massage; to pull a flshline taut. Cf. kaomi. kOmike, k o m i t e . Committee. Eng. k d m t k e o l a . Welfare committee, k o m i k i n a , k o m i s i n a . Commissioner; commission. Eng. Uku komikina, commission. Ali'ikoa i komikina 'ia, commissioned officer. Komikina ho'ona 'aina, land commissioner, who settles land claims; lit., commissioner settles land.

f

k o l o h l a . Passive/imperative of kolo, k o l o k a . Cloak, cape. Eng. kolo k a ' a . See kolo, 3. k o l o k e . Croquet. Eng. koloklo. Method of catching birds by means of a long stick with a crosspiece at the end; flowers were attached and smeared with sticky juice to which the birds stuck. The birds were first attracted by whistling. A bird catcher; to catch thus. Lit., creep whistle, k o l o k o l o . 1. Redup. of kolo, 1; to track down, investigate, seek evidence, h o ' o k o l o k o l o . To try in court, investigate; judiciary; trial. Ho'okolokolo moku, admiralty cases. See hale ho'okolokolo. 2. Any creeping vine. 3. To gobble, rumble, grumble, scold, k o l o k o l o h a l . Humble, modest, thoughtful, kind. Cf. kolokolo, creeping, as in respect to a chief, and akahai, modest, k o l o k o l o - k a h a k a l . The beach vitex (Vita trifolia var. simplicifolia), distributed from Hawaii west to Japan and India, an aromatic, prostrate beach shrub, with downy, ovate leaves and small, blue, clustered flowers. (Neal 642.) Lit., beach creeper. Also called manawanawa, pdhinahina. kolokoloklo. Redup. of kolokio. k o l o k o l o - k u a h t w l . Two loosestrifes (Lysimachia daphnoides, L. hillebrandii), small native shrubs with purplish flowers, the branches densely covered with narrow, pointed leaves. L. daphnoides is confined to the high bogs of Kauai. Lit., mountain creeper. Also called kolekole-lehua. Cf. pua-hekili. k o l o k o l o - l e h u a . Same as kolokolo-kuahiwi. k o l o k o l o n a h e . Redup. of kolonahe. k o l o k o l o p S . Tiny stage of the kumu.weke, and other goatfish; other stages are _'ahuluhulu, kumu a'e, and kumu. Also called makolokolopa. k o l o l a n l . T o go away silently. Niau kololani ka helena, silently, quickly departed. Ka uahi kololani, the smoke that wisps away, k o l o l i o . Same as kokololio, gust, h o ' o k o l o l i o . Causative/simulative, - k o l o l o h e . (With ho'o-) h o ' o k o l o l o h e . To delay maliciously, to loiter sullenly, to dillydally in order to annoy; to not co-operate, sulk. kololQ. Soft, weak and helpless, as a newborn baby or newly hatched bird; soft and not yet hardened, as a new growth of bone; easily influenced and impressed, as an unstable person, kolo m a n u . Var. of kono manu. Cf. 'auli'i kolo manu, daintiness that attracts birds, k o l o m e k l . Third mate on a ship; the officer next to the second mate, k o l o m o k u . Tugboat; to tow a ship, k o l o m o n a . 1. A native shrub (Cassia gaudichaudii) with greenish-yellow flowers and thin, flat pods. Lit., Solomon. Eng. 2. A similar shrub (Cassia glauca), from southeastern Asia, naturalized in Hawaii and also grown ornamentally, with orange-yellow flowers and flat pods. (Neal 376.) 3 . A weedy shrub (Cassia laevigata), from tropical America, with yellow flowers and cylindrical pods.

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k o m i k o m i

k O m l k S m l . R e d u p . of komi. K o m l n l k a , D o m l n l k a . Dominican; dominical. Eng. K o m i n i k a o k a ' F h a . Passion Sunday. (Catholic term.) K o m l n l k a o n a L a i a L a ' a u . P a l m Sunday. (Catholic term.) Lit., dominical of t h e tree branches. k o m o . 1. T o enter, go into; to join, as a class or organization; to e n t e r t a i n or feel, as an emotion; entered, filled. Haumana komo hou, freshman, new pupil. 'Aha'aina komo. initiation feast. Mele komo, welcoming song. Komo maila ka huhu, filled with w r a t h . Ua komo ka wa'a, t h e canoe is filled [as with fish], h o ' o k o m o . T o insert, p u t in, enter, sink into, deposit, a d m i t , let in. Ho'okomo i ke kala i ka panako, deposit money in t h e b a n k . 2. T o dress, put on, wear (any g a r m e n t , formerly only lower garments). h o ' o k o m o . T o dress a n o t h e r person. 3. Ring, t h i m b l e ; tenon, k o m o ' a l n a . To t a k e possession of a land; to acquire land, as by inheritance, k o m o ' a p a n a . H o u s e visiting, as by a priest making t h e rounds of his district; visiting f r o m district to district, as by a c h u r c h committee. Lit., enter district. k o m o h a l e . H o u s e w a r m i n g ; moving into a new house. k o m o h a n a . West, western, so called because t h e sun " e n t e r s " (komo) t h e sea in t h e west, k o m o h a n a h e m a . Southwest, southwestern, k o m o h e w a . To trespass, enter by mistake or illegally; t o put on in a wrong way, as clothes wrong side out. k o m o h t a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of komo, 1. k o m o h u m u h u m u . 1. Thimble. Lit., sewing ring. 2. To put on clothing inside out. Lit., wear seams. k o m o l ' I ' l . Very small, tiny, of small stature; also said of people of little consequence, k o m o k a u h a l e . T o go f r o m house to house, as a census taker or salesman. Komike komo kauhale, c o m m i t t e e t h a t pays visits to t h e houses of members, as of a church, k o m o k o m o . 1. Evil possession resulting f r o m sorcery. Cf. noho. h o ' o k o m o k o m o . To cause a spirit, usually evil, t o possess; possession. 2. T o fit a g a r m e n t . 06s. h o ' o k o m o k o m o . T o dress, as children, - k o m o k o m o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o k o m o k o m o . To file, p u t in. k o m o l i m a . Ring, t h i m b l e {rare). k o m o l o l e . T o dress, p u t on clothes. k & m O m o . C a n d y . Also koomoomo. k o m o ' o k o ' a . To do with u n a n i m i t y ; to undert a k e a project wholeheartedly; to co-operate with enthusiasm. Lit., _to enter whole. Komo 'oko'a alcula makou e kokua, we pitched in to help. k o m o w a l e . T o enter w i t h o u t permission or c e r e m o n y ; t o trespass, intrude, k o m u n l o . C o m m u n i o n . Eng. Ke komunio me ka po'e Saneta, t h e c o m m u n i o n of saints. K o n a . 1. Leeward sides of t h e Hawaiian Islands. 2. N a m e of a leeward wind; t o blow, of this wind. 3. N a m e of a star. 4. (Not cap.) Also t o n a . Ton. Eng. Also kana. 5 . His, her, hers, its (o-form possessive; see G r a m . 3.4). k o n a . H a r d , unyielding, unfriendly, c o n t e m p t u ous, brusque, h a u g h t y . Cf. konakona, laukona, makona. k o n a h a o . Strong, as t h e hand of a fighter, k o n a h a u . Cold, penetrating, d a m p , of wind. K o n a - h e a . N a m e of a cold K o n a storm. (Malo 14.) K o n a - h i l i - m a i ' a . N a m e of a K o n a wind with p r o t r a c t e d rains. (Malo 14.) k O n a h u a . F a t , grease; kidneys. (Puk. 29.13.)

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k o n a k o n a . 1. Strong, bulging with muscles; rough and uneven, as a surface; hard. Cf. pukonakona. 2. A native t u f t e d grass ( P a n i c u m nephelophilum), to four feet high, with a large, open-flowering panicle to f o u r t e e n by ten inches. k o n a k o n a . Dislike, c o n t e m p t ; disliked; t o dis like. k o n a k f l . Posts on either side of t h e t w o center posts at t h e back wall of a grass house. K o n a - k u . N a m e of a K o n a wind with heavy rain. (Malo 14.) K o n a - l a n l . N a m e of a K o n a wind with slight showers. (Malo 14.) k O n a l e . 1. Var. of konane, 1. 'Ike konale mai, to see clearly. 2. Quiet, tranquil, peaceful. k O n a l e l e w a . 1. Variety of 'a'awa, a fish. 2. Same as kohe-lelewa. (Malo 46.) k O n a l e n a l e . Redup. of konale, 1, 2. See hulialana for example. k o n a l e w a l e w a . Same as konalelewa, 1, 2. K o n a - m a e . N a m e of a cold K o n a wind. (Malo 14.) Lit., withering Kona. K o n a - m a u - k u k u . N a m e of a star; probably short for Kukui-a-kona-mau-kuku. K o n a - m o e . N a m e of a cold K o n a wind and rain. k O n a n e . 1. Bright moonlight; to shine, as t h e moon; clear, bright. 'O ka pa konane a ka maliina, t h e moon shines brightly. 2. Ancient game resembling checkers, played with pebbles placed in even lines on a stone or wood board called papa konane; to play konane. Cf. nane, riddle; mu, papamu. 3. T a p a - b e a t e r design, k d n a n e - h o ' o p a ' i . T a p a - b e a t e r design. k G n a n e - p e p e h l . T a p a - b e a t e r design. k O n a n e - p t l p O . A t a p a - b e a t e r p a t t e r n : a konane checkerboard design with rounded pits (pupu) in t h e middle of each square. K o n a - n u l - a - n l h o . N a m e of a strong K o n a storm. Lit., great Kona t h a t bites with teeth, k o n a - p a k e k e . A variety of introduced sweet potato. Lit., Kona packet (Eng.). k o n a p l l l a h l . Strong^ powerful. Keiki konapiliahi, lawakua, kino 'awa'awa'a, a youth, strong, powerful, [and with a] muscular body, k o n e . Coney (Kanl. 14.7.); a bird described by Kepelino, probably gony (gooney). k O n e a . Restored to health. k O n e a n e a . Same as konekonea, 1, 2. k o n e k a . Cornet. Eng. k o u e k o . D o u g h n u t . Eng. k o n e k o n e a . 1. Redup. of konea-, convalescing. 2. Bald; hard, dry. Cf. nea, bare. Obs. k o n e l a . 1. Colonel. Eng. 2. T u n n e l (also called konela puka). Eng. k o n e l l k a , k o n e r i s a . Kite, a bird. Biblical. k o n e n e . 1. Desiccated, dried, as f r u i t . Obs. 2. To move t h e 'ili'ili, pebble, in t h e konane game. Obs. k o n e n e a . R a r e var. of konekonea. k o n e n e n e . R e d u p . of konene, 1, 2. Obs. k o n l . To t h r o b , tingle, b e a t ; t o flutter, as t h e heart; to tug, as small fish on baited hook. 'Eha koni, throbbing ache; fig., p a n g s of love. Koni au, koni au i ka wai, koni au i ka wai hu'ihu'i (song), I throb, I t h r o b for water, I a m eager for t h e cool water, k o n l a Passive/imperative of koni. k o n l a . Stubborn, unyielding, sulky, k o n i a k a . All kinds of asters. (Neal 732.) k o n l k o n l . R e d u p . of koni. He aloha hu'ihu'i konikoni ana i loko o'u, a benumbing, tingling love within me. k o n i n l . T o wag, as a dog's tail; to flutter, wave, move to a n d fro. Also kolili. k o n i n i u . Var. of koniuniu. k o n l u n l u . Dizzy. Cf. poniuniu.

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k o p e

k o n o . 1. To invite, ask in, entice. Palapala kono, (written) invitation, h o ' o k o n o . T o invite. 2. T o a t t r a c t t h e a t t e n t i o n of a bird, as by imitating its call, and then to snare it, as with g u m m e d 'ie'ie roots. 'Ua'u birds were snared thus. See kono 'elepi, kono manu. k o n o ' e l e . Darkness, as of a forest; said also of t h e inside of thighs t h o u g h t t o be d a r k e n e d by t h e chafing of t h e malo: somewhat darker t h a n konouli. k o n o ' e l e p i . T o c a t c h black crabs C elepi), as b y tying 'opihi limpets to a cord dangled above a rock fissure; t h e c r a b snatches t h e bait, t h e cord is d r a w n u p and t h e crab seized. (Kep. 172.) k o n o h l . Chinese New Year, k o n o h i a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of kono, 1. k o n o h i k i . H e a d m a n of an ahupua'a land division under t h e chief; land or fishing rights under control of t h e konohiki; such rights are sometimes called konohiki rights, k o o o k i . A card game. (Perhaps Eng.. knock.) k o n o k o n o . R e d u p . of kono, 1\ to require, h o ' o k o n o k o n o . T o induce, entice, urge persistently, especially to urge someone to will him his p r o p e r t y ; to set dogs to fight, k o n o m a n u . T o entice a bird, as by imitating its call, and t h e n to snare it: a birdcatcher. Cf. kono, 2. k o n o p u e . Short and plump. k o n o O l i . Same as kono'ele, b u t perhaps less dark, - k o n u . See waenakonu, center. (Possibly P P N tonga, P M P tengaq.) k O n u l . Stricken with great heat, as by the sun's rays. (AP.) k A n u I I u . R o u n d e d a n d well shaped, as a lehua flower. Lehua_maka konunu i ka u-ai, konunu, konunu, ohaha, lehua face rounded in the water, rounded, r o u n d e d , plump, k o n u w a e n a . S a m e as waenakonu. k o ' o . 1. Brace, s u p p o r t , prop; small stalks t o which f e a t h e r s on large kahili, standards, are tied, and which are a t t a c h e d to t h e main pole; pole as used in pushing a canoe; sprit of a canoe's sail; stick fastened across a small fish net near t h e meeting of t h e sticks (kuku) supporting t h e n e t ; to pole, push with a pole, prop; to uphold (Isa. 63.5). Cf. kako'o. h o ' o k o ' o . P r o p with a pole, as a heavily laden b a n a n a plant, or a house to keep it f r o m falling d o w n ; to pole, as a canoe. ( P P N toko, P M P teken.) 2. Tail feathers, as of a cock, or as below t h e tail of t h e mamo, a bird. 3. Force, s t r e n g t h (rarely used except a f t e r kai). Kai ko'o, rough, strong sea. Lilo a'ela ke ko'o makani o Lehua (chant), t h e force of t h e wind of L e h u a is spent. 4. Larger, a trifle bigger. A maluna mai o ka huli he wahi 'upena, ko'o a'e ia o ka maka, and a b o v e t h e bag net is a small net with slightly larger meshes. 5. Loose, slack; t o lay on in folds, as pleats in a dress; to loosen, slacken. 6. Light-green leaves near t h e center of a cluster of p a n d a n u s leaves. 'I'o ko'o, leaves inside t h e ko'o [their base is white and the upper p a r t d a r k green]. k o ' o k a . 1. T o l a m b a s t , buffet. He wa'a naha i ko'oka ko kane, m a n has a canoe t h a t breaks t o pieces when buffeted [overindulgence in sex leads t o impotence], 2. A variety of sweet potato. k o ' o k a h l . C a n o e carrying only one person (a canoe carrying t w o persons was ko'olua, t h r e e was ko'okolu, etc.). (Malo 131.) k o ' o k a p u . T a b o o with d e a t h as p e n a l t y for breaking; t o lay such a taboo, k o ' o k e a . T o h a v e gray or white hair, k o ' o k o l u . See ko'okahi. k o ' o k o ' o . 1. Cane, staff, rod; s u p p o r t , means of livelihood; staff in music. He ko'oko'o haki wale, an easily b r o k e n staff [a weak leader], l i o ' o k o ' o k o ' o . T o push, brace, resist, lean back a n d brace oneself. 2. Var. of koko'o and likewise followed by numerals and -hia.

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k o ' o k o ' o ' i m a n a . C a n e with a handle. Lit., tee-shaped cane, k o ' o k o ' o k o l u . Same as koko'okolu. k o ' o k o ' o l a u . All kinds of beggar ticks (Bidens spp.), most native, a few introduced, some used medicinally by Hawaiians, as a tonic in tea; t h e plants a r e still dried a n d used for tea, o f t e n in preference to t e a bought in stores. Cf. ki, 2. k o ' o k o ' o l a u - h a o l e . An introduced coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), with ray and central florets all yellow, k o ' o k o ' o l u a . Same as koko'olua. k o ' o k o ' o n a . T o reach f a r for; to rest one h a n d for s u p p o r t (ko'oko'o) and reach out with t h e other. (For. 5:329.) k o ' o k o ' o ' o i h a n a . Mace. Lit., professional cane. k o ' o k o ' o Q . R e d u p . of ko'ou. See ko'u. k o ' o k f l . 1. To swell o u t ; stick out, as a ruffle. 2. Hillside, slope, m o u n t a i n slope; hillside road or path. (AP.) k o ' o l a n l . Help given t o a chief. 'Awa ko'o lani, k a v a t h a t gives s t r e n g t h to a chief. Ma'a ia i ke ko'o lani, he is accustomed to giving all supp o r t to t h e chief. K o ' o l a u . 1. W i n d w a r d sides of t h e Hawaiian Islands. He au Ko'olau aku ia, t h a t is t h e time of the Ko'olau [trouble]. ( P P N tokelau, P M P -laud.) 2 . (Not cap.) Short for ko'oko'olau. k o ' o l a u - l o a . Ulua fishline 15 or so f a t h o m s long. Obs. K o ' o l a u - w a h l n e . Breeze blowing f r o m the north of Niihau. Lit., feminine windward, k o ' o l l l l . Same as kolili, 1, 2. 3. Rare. k o ' o l o a - k e a . A n a t i v e s h r u b with pale-pink flowers, otherwise like ko'oloa-'ula. k o ' o l o a - ' u l a . A native, h o a r y s h r u b (Abutilon menziesii), related to t h e hibiscus, with heartshaped leaves one to t h r e e inches long, and dark-red flowers f r o m which p r o t r u d e m a n y stamens borne on a central column. (Neal 484.) k o ' o l u a . 1. Var. of koko'olua. 2. Canoe carrying two. k o ' o l u a . Your, yours (o-form possessive, dual; see G r a m . 3.4). k o ' o m a n u . 1. S u p p o r t for birds; bird islet. 2. Long tail feathers, k o ' o m o a . 1. Long tail feathers of a cock. 2. Support for chickens, k d o m o o m o , k o o m O m o . Candy. Lit., sucking cane. Also komomo. k o ' o n a . 1. Var. of io'ana, dregs. 2. Same as ko'oko'ona.

ko'oO. Var. of ko'u.

k o ' o u k o u . Your, yours (o-form possessive, plural; see Gram. 3.4). k o p a . 1. A n a t i v e s h r u b (.Hedyotis [ Kadua] glaucifolia), f o u n d only on Kauai, with narrow, tubular, inconspicuous, pale-yellow flowers, and narrow-ovate t o heart-shaped leaves; related t o t h e 'uiwi. 2. Also s o p a . Soap; to cover with soap. Eng. Kopa 'ala, p e r f u m e d soap. Kopa 'au'au, b a t h soap. Kopa holoi, l a u n d r y soap. Kopa pauka, powdered soap. k O p a ' a . Sugar. Lit., hard sugar cane, k o p a h e l a , g o p a h e r a . Gopher. Eng. k 6 - P S k & . A variety of sugar cane, probably i m p o r t e d by t h e Chinese, k o p a k o , t o p a z o , t o p a z a . Topaz. (Hoik. 21.20.) k o p a l a . 1. Corporal. Eng. 2 . Copal. Eng. Waniki kopala, copal varnish, k o p a l a . Shovel. Eng. k O - p a l a n l . N a m e of a sugar cane, k o p e . 1. Rake, shovel (Nah. 4.14); t o rake, scratch. Fig., t o dislike, disregard. Moku kope awa, h a r b o r dredge. 2. Coffee, coffee beans. Eng., Kope la, sun-dried coffee beans. Kope wai, fresh, undried coffee beans in t h e hull. 3. C o p y ; t o coj>y. Eng. Cf. ponokope. Ke'ena kakau kope, copyright office; office where deeds are copied.

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k o p e a

k o p e a . Passive/imperative of hope, 1. k o p e a h l . Fire shovel, r a k e for ashes, k o p e a w a . H a r b o r dredge. k o p e k o p e . 1. R e d u p . of kope, 1. "Opu kopekope, ill-disposed. 2. R e d u p . of kope, 3. k o p e l a , k o p e r a . C a m p h o r . Eng. k o p e l e h u . R a k e or shovel for ashes, k o p e n a . 1. Hornet, wasp, scorpion (kopiana is t h e usual name for scorpion). 2. Copy. Ma ke kopena i ka puke, ua like, ma ka hapa ho'onui, ua 'oi (hula song), according to t h e copy in t h e book, equal, according to t h e exaggerated portion, [one was] superior, k f l p l . T o sprinkle, as salt, sand; to salt, as fish or meat, k o p i a n a . Scorpion. Eng. k O p i k o . 1. About eight species of trees belonging to a native genus (Slraussia), a member of the coffee family. Leaves are thick, leathery, blunt or pointed; flowers small, white, clustered at t h e ends of long stems a t branch tips. Called 'opiko on Hawaii. 2. Also t o p i d o . Torpedo. Eng. k O p i k o - k e a . A species of Straussia (S. kaduana) with short-stemmed, r a t h e r oblong leaves, small flowers in long drooping clusters, and with small yellow fruits. T h e wood is white (kea). k o p i k o - ' u l a . A kind of kopiko (Straussia hawaiiensis), native to SSIauna-Loa, Hawaii, with large leaves to a b o u t seven by three and a half inches, on inch-long stems, with midrib reddish below; the flowers covered with reddish down, k o p l l i . 1. Thin, t r a n s p a r e n t t a p a made of mulberry bark. 2. Small white t a p a placed over images and altars during religious services; the ceremony; to perform t h e ceremony. Also called kopilo nui. 3. liirthday gift to a child. (AIM k o p i l i m a k l o , k o p l r l m a t i o . Confirmation (Catholic t e r m ) ; to confirm. Ke kopilimakio aku nei au ia 'oe me ke kcrema o ke ola, I confirm you with t h e chrism of life, k o p i n a . Coping on t h e top of a building. Eng. k o p l p l . Redup. of kopl. k o p o l a , k o b o r a . Cobra. Eng. k o p o l a n o , s o p o r a n o . Soprano. Eng. k O - p u a - ' o l e . A variety of flowerless sugar cano. k o u . 1. A tree found on shores f r o m East Africa t o Polynesia (Cordia subcordata), with large, o v a t e leaves, and orange, t u b u l a r flowers one to two inches in diameter, borne in shortstemmed clusters. T h e beautiful wood, soft but lasting, was valuable to t h e early Hawaiians and was used for cups, dishes, and calabashes. (Neal 629.) 2. (Cap.) Old n a m e for Honolulu h a r b o r and vicinity, f a m o u s rendezvous for konane, checkers. Hui aku na maka i Kou (saying), t h e eyes will meet at Kou. 3. Your, yours (o-form possessive, singular; see Gram. 3.4). - k o u . Indicator of plurality in t h e plural pronouns and possessives only ikakou, makou, 'oukou, lakou). k o O . T o look a b o u t in all directions. Obs. k o ' u . 1. T o cluck. Fig., to talk too much. Waha ko'u, gabbling m o u t h . E nu'u a ko'u ka pu'u (saying), pile on until t h e t h r o a t clucks [eat all one can]. 2. Conception; male potency; to conceive. Ua pau ke ko'u, potency is over. Ua ko'u ka moa kane, t h e rooster has mounted [a hen]. Ua moe laua a i laila ko'u, t h e y slept together and life came. 3. M y , mine, of me (o-form possessive; see G r a m . 3.4). k o ' f i . D a m p , moist. Fig., thriving, prosperous, k o u - h a o l e . T h e foreign kou (Cordia sebestena), a small tropical American tree, related to t h e kou, f r o m which it differs in having stiff, rough, dark-green leaves, brighter red-orange flowers, and white, pulpy, instead of dry, fruits. (Neal G30.) k o u k a , k o u g a . Cougar. Eng.

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k o ' u k o ' u . Redup. of ko'u, l. k o ' Q k o ' Q . 1. Redup. of ko'u. Ko'uko'u i ka wai a ka naulu, d a m p f r o m t h e water of the showers [drunk]. 2 . Hold in lua fighting, k o w - , k O w - . M a n y words are spelled with a n d w j t h o u t -w- a f t e r -o- or -S-, as koali and kowali, koelo and kowelo. In the dictionary t h e preferred spelling contains -w- if t h e element exists witho u t initial ko-, as welo and kowelo, or if t h e vowel a f t e r t h e -w- is long. Otherwise t h e -wis considered a glide and is not written, b u t cross references to commonly noted spellings are given. Cf. Gram. 2.1. k5w&. I n t e r v e n i n g space or time; channel, strait; separated, as by a passage or channel. Kekowao-Pelina, Bering Straits. lio'okowZi. T o sepa r a t e by a space, k o w a ' a . Line used for towing a canoe, especially for dragging canoe hulls f r o m t h e forest where t h e y were hollowed out t o t h e shore; to tow or drag a canoe, k o w a ' e . Var. spelling of koa'e, tropic bird, k o w a h a . Var. spelling of koaha. k o w a k o w a O . Redup. of kowau, 1, 2. k o w a l i . Var. spelling of koali. k o w a u . 1. Fish eggs. 2. Testicles, k o w e . T o go away. Eng. k O w e h e . T o billow or flutter out, as a dancer's skirt. Cf. wehe, open. Ua 'ike lihi aku nei au i ka lawe kowehe a ka pa'u (song), I have j u s t glimpsed t h e fluttering skirt, k o w e l a , t o w e l a . Tower. Eng_. (The common t e r m is pu'o'a.) Ke Kowela o Lakana, t h e Tower of London. k o w e l o , k o e l o . To stream, flutter; to trail behind, as t h e train of a gown. Kowelo 'e'a, d u s t streamer. Kowelo ko hae Hauai'i (song), your Hawaiian flag waves. k O w e l o k a . To trail or drag, as a dress train. Also kaweloka. k O w e l o w e l o . R e d u p . of kowelo. kOwI. S a m e as kawi, to squeeze, k o w l l l . Var. of kawili. k O w i l i w l l t . R e d u p . of kowili. k o w o w o w o . Noisy, as t h e sea dashing against t h e cliff. Bare. K r l s t l a n o . Var. spelling of Iiilxkiano. k u . 1. T o stand, stop, halt, anchor; t o rise, as d u s t ; t o hit, strike; to park, as a car; t o stay, remain, exist; to reach, extend, arrive; upright, standing, parked. Ku is used in some idioms in sense of " u p , o u t " : Ku hele pela! Get outl Ku a hele! Go! Go away! Ku! Whoa! Stop! Halt! Ku anahulu ka moku, t h e ship anchors every ten days. Mahea ke ka'a e ku ai? W h e r e will t h e car be parked? Ku i ke 'aki (saying), t o s t a n d a t t h e top. Kai ku, quiet sea, especially a t mid-tide. Ua ho'oholo 'ia ke kaula a ku ma'o, t h e rope was let out as far as over there. E ku iho i ho'ike no'u, stand as a witness for me. Ku i ke kui, pierced by t h e needle. Ku i ka poka, hit by a bullet. Ku 'umi lau kanaka i ka make, t e n f o u r - h u n d r e d s of men were struck dead. Na kanawai e ku nei, existing laws. h o ' o k O . T o set up, m a k e stand, establish, as a society; t o brace a canoe with a paddle while sailing or coasting over waves in order to steer and steady t h e c a n o e ; to carry on, as a family n a m e (Kanl. 25.7). Ho'oku akea, t o m a k e k n o w n publicly. 2. Stand, pedestal, base; stem, as of a goblet; f r a m e of a bed, including f o o t b o a r d and headboard. Cf. kumoe. ( P P N tu'u, P M P \t]uquD.) 3. I n a s t a t e of; resembling, like; d u e to, because of (often followed by t or »). Ku i ka pilikia, t o be in trouble, wrong. Ku i ke kala, to forgive. A waiho ku a ma'i maoli ihola ia, he remained sick. I ku ka pololi, eia no ka 'ai, when h u n g r y , here's food. Ku a kahiko, as of long ago. Ku ka hakaka o kela po'e, those people h a v e been fighting. Ku no i ka makuahine, resembling t h e m o t h e r ; h a v i n g t h e c h a r a c t e r or n a t u r e of t h e mother. Hele a nui ka i'a, a ku ka

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k u ' a i

ha'awi, t h e r e w e r e so m a n y fish [they] g a v e [ t h e m ) a w a y . Waiho wale mai no ka limu, a ku ka pilau, t h e s e a w e e d lay t h e r e u n t i l it s t u n k , h o ' o k t ) . T o p r o d u c e a r e s e m b l a n c e , likeness. Na ia mea i ho'oku a ma'i ia'u, t h a t t h i n g m a d e m e ill. 4 . T o a p p e a r , s h o w , r e v e a l ; t o s t a r t , go; t o c h a n g e into, t r a n s f o r m ; beginning, appearance; a r r i v a l . E noho ana no maua e kama'ilio, a ku ana 'o Pete, w e w e r e s i t t i n g t a l k i n g w h e n P e l e s u d d e n l y a p p e a r e d . Ma ia malama e pono a'e ka pi'a ku ( K e p . 95), d u r i n g t h i s m o n t h i t is r i g h t f o r t h e pi'a l u b e r t o s h o w a b o v e g r o u n d . Na hana ku i ke aloha, d e e d s t h a t s h o w love. Ku a kanaka a'ela ua mo'o nei, _the d r a g o n c h a n g e d i n t o a h u m a n . Ku a pohaku (For. 4:61), t o t u r n i n t o s t o n e . Ma ke ku o ia malama e helu ai i ka makahiki hou, w i t h t h e c o m i n g of t h i s m o n t h t h e n e w y e a r will b e c o u n t e d in. 5 . T o r u n i n schools^ as fish; n u m e r o u s , a s o c t o p u s in s e a s o n . Nana, he akule ku! L o o k , t h e akule school is r u n n i n g ! Kai ku well, s e a w i t h p h o s p h o r e s c e n c e . 6. S u i t a b l e , p r o p e r , O . K . , a p p r o p r i a t e , f i t t i n g ; r e a d y , p r e p a r e d ; t o fit, as c l o t h e s . Cf. kupono. I ku no ka hele i ka lako i ke kala, i t is all r i g h t t o go w h e n s u p p l i e d w i t h m o n e y . 'E'oe ku ka hauna la'au a kaua i ko kane (For. 5:23), o u r c l u b - t h r u s t i n g t e c h n i q u e is n o t s u i t a b l e f o r y o u r h u s b a n d . 7. T o r u l e , as a l a n d . Ua ku 'o Lili'u i ka moku, Lili'u is r u l e r of t h e l a n d . 8 . T o s o a k , a s c l o t h e s . 9 . T o p o s t , as a b o n d . Mea ku pona, b o n d s m a n . 10. (Cap.) N a m e f o r t h e t h i r d , f o u r t h , fifth, a n d s i x t h d a y s of t h e m o n t h , usually called respectively Ku-kahi, Ku-lua, Iiu-kolu, Ku-pau. 11. (Cap.) N a m e of a m a j o r god. 12. T o set a p a r t a period f o r p r a y e r s f o r a special o b j e c t ; t o p r a y f o r . E ku ana au nou, I will b e p r a y i n g f o r y o u . 13. Abruptly, rudely, defiantly; without observat i o n of t a b o o s or n i c e t i e s (as a d v e r b or a d j e c t i v e f o l l o w i n g m a j o r w o r d s ) . ' A i ku, t o e a t i n f o r m a l l y , c a r e l e s s l y . Ho'opuka ku, t o s p e a k p l a i n l y , c r u d e l y , b l u n t l y , w i t h o u t r e g a r d f o r feeling of o t h e r s . Kaha ku ( F o r . 5:349), t o go a n y w h e r e o n e pleases. Ka'ili ku, t o s n a t c h a w a y r u t h lessly. Kuke ku, t o p u s h v i o l e n t l y . 'Ako ku i ka pua, t o pick flowers w i t h o u t p e r m i s s i o n . Moa'e ku, s t r o n g M o a ' e j t r a d e w i n d . 14. M o n t h s of p r e g n a n c y . I ka hapai 'ana a ka walu o ke ku, a laila ki'i i ka la'au ho'opahe'e, i n t h e e i g h t h m o n t h of p r e g n a n c y , g e t s o m e s l i m y m e d i c i n e . 15. S t e w . Eng. Moa ku, c h i c k e n s t e w . k u a . 1 . B a c k ; b u r d e n . Kahea kua, t o call f r o m b e h i n d o n e ' s b a c k . Huli kua, t o t u r n t h e b a c k o n , as t o i n s u l t ; b a c k wall of a h o u s e . Pili ke kua me ke alo, t h e b a c k t o u c h e s t h e f r o n t [of a t h i n p e r s o n ] . He kua a kanawai, a b a c k [ g u a r d e d by] l a w [ c e r t a i n c h i e f s ' b a c k s w e r e t a b o o a n d such c h i e f s m i g h t n o t be approached f r o m behind], Ka'u nui kua makani, g r e a t K a ' u w i t h w i n d y b a c k . I kua na'u, a b u r d e n f o r m e [as a request to a dying person, asking for last ins t r u c t i o n s ] . h o ' o k u a . T o p e r s e v e r e in w o r k e v e n when interest and pleasure have gone from it; b u r d e n s o m e . He hana ho'okua nui, i t ' s a v e r y b u r d e n s o m e job. 2. T o hew, chop, chip, hack, d u b , s t r i k e , c u t o u t ; t o fell, s t r i k e d o w n , as a n i m a g e ( O i h k . 2 6 . 3 0 ) ; a n v i l , as of a b l a c k s m i t h or f o r b e a t i n g t a p a ; h o u s e u s e d f o r b e a t i n g t a p a . 3 . B e a m , r a f t e r . 4 . Y o k e of a d r e s s ; b a c k of a g a r m e n t ; ox y o k e . 5 . P o l e s u s e d in q u i l t m a k i n g : t h e t h r e e u n s e w e d q u i l t l a y e r s a r e p l a c e d on o n e a n o t h e r w i t h t h e kua, poles, rolled i n t o e a c h e n d ; t h e e n t i r e t y is s e t o v e r w o o d e n h o r s e s a n d is s t r e t c h e d t a u t , so t h a t t h e s e w e r m a y sew t h e l a y e r s t o g e t h e r . 6 . V a r . of akua, god. 7 . M i d r i b , a s of p a n d a n u s leaf. 8. T h i r d b r e w f r o m k a v a . C f . mahu, hope. 9 . Also s u a . Sewer. Eng. k u a - . 1 . G e n e r a t i o n s b a c k , t w o (or s o m e t i m e s t o d a y , o n e ) m o r e t h a n t h e suffixed n u m b e r ; see kuakahi, kualua, kuakolu, kuaha. 2 . Once, t w i c e , t h r e e t i m e s , t w o f o l d , etc., d e p e n d i n g o n n u m e r a l suffix. Rare. k u a . T o t u r n i n t o . Ku a pohaku, t o t u r n t o s t o n e . See ku, 4. k u a ' a . S e v e r e t a b o o on a p p r o a c h i n g a chief f r o m b e h i n d ; h a v i n g s u c h a t a b o o . Lit., flaming b a c k , p e r h a p s so c a l l e d b e c a u s e i n f r i n g e m e n t of t h e t a b o o was punished b y d e a t h . Cf. kuakapu.

— kualoi, kuapala. He ali'i kua'a chief w i t h t h e b a c k t a b o o .

kela,

t h a t is a

k u a ' a ' A . Var. of kua'a. (Kep. 147.)

k u a ' a h a . A l t a r or p l a c e of w o r s h i p in a p r i v a t e h o u s e . C f . ipu kua'aha. k u a ' a l n a . C o u n t r y (as d i s t i n c t f r o m t h e c i t y ) ; p e r s o n f r o m t h e c o u n t r y , r u s t i c ; of t h e c o u n t r y , c o u n t r i f i e d , r u s t i c . Lit., b a c k l a n d , h o ' o k u a 'y K a m a k a u , p e r h a p s t h e f r i e n d l y s h a r k t h a t was said t o l e a n (kalele) on c a n o e o u t r i g g e r s f o r food a n d c o m p a n y , l e l e w a ' a . T r a n s f e r r i n g a t sea f r o m c a n o e t o c a n o e or c a n o e t o s u r f b o a r d for t h e s p o r t of surfing t o shore. Lit., c a n o e leaping, l e l e w a l . T o p u r g e , cleanse, p u r i f y w i t h w a t e r of p u r i f i c a t i o n , l e l e w a l e . T o fly, j u m p , m o v e of o n e ' s o w n a c c o r d or f o r n o r e a s o n ; in a n c i e n t p r a y e r s , t o speed on, as a p r a y e r t o a god. 'Amama, ua noa, lele wale (For. 5:413), t h e p r a y e r is finished, t h e t a b o o is l i f t e d ; go, p r a y e r [or: t h e t a b o o is l i f t e d and quite departed], l e l e w a l o . L o u d , d i s t a n t c r y ; t o call l o u d l y , l e l e w a w a l o . R e d u p . of lele walo; to r e v e r b e r a t e , a s a n echo. lele w e l u w e l u . Torn to shreds; broken up and scattered. l e l o . 1. T o n g u e (short for alelo, elelo). 2 . Yellowish, especially t h e h u e i m p a r t e d t o a whalet o o t h p e n d a n t (lei palaoa) by s m o k i n g , l e l o l e l o . R e d u p . of lelo, 2. l e m l . L e m o n , lime. Eng. Wai lerni, l e m o n a d e , limeade. l e m l - w a i . A k i n d of w a t e r l e m o n or sweet g r a n a d i l l a ( P a s s i f l o r a ligularis), with hearts h a p e d leaves; g o o d - t a s t i n g f r u i t s , t w o t o t h r e e inches long, ovoid, o r a n g e t o p u r p l i s h . Also called lani-wai, lemona. (Neal 524.) l e m o n a . Var. of lemi-wai. Eng. l e m u . 1. B u t t o c k s . E 'eu ka lemu, g e t moving. 2 . Slow-moving, sluggish; lagging, l e m u ' a . R u b b i s h s c a t t e r e d by flood rains. Obs. l e m u k u . B r o k e n off s h o r t , as a pole; t o s t a r t o u t t o do s o m e t h i n g a n d n o t finish it. llele akula keia, a lemuku ihola, he s t a r t s o u t a n d t h e n c u t s off [the p r o j e c t ) . l e m u k Q . One w h o sits a r o u n d d o i n g n o t h i n g , a t e r m or r e p r o a c h ; also said t o r e f e r t o a w o m a n who is sexually u n a t t r a c t i v e , hit., s t a n d ing b u t t o c k s . l e m u l e m u . S a m e a s lelemu. l e n a . 1. Yellow, yellowish; j a u n d i c e ; bile. ( P P N renga, P M P lenga.) 2 . Var. n a m e for t h e 'olena or t u r m e r i c p l a n t . 3 . T o s t r e t c h o u t , as to d r y ; t o d r a w t i g h t , a s a b e l t ; t o sight or a i m ; t o b e n d , a s a bow. Inlrans. Lena ka maka, t o s t a r e t h r e a t e n i n g l y . Lena no lakou i ko lakou mau alelo, e like me ko lakou kakaka, no ka wahahe'e (Ier. 9.3), t h e y b e n d their t o n g u e s like t h e i r bows f o r lies, h o ' o l e n a . T o s t r e t c h ; t o pull b a c k , as a bow. Trans. 4. L a z y , idle. Cf. le, lolena. 5 . (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r , l e n a l e n a . R e d u p . of lena. l e n e k l l a , l e n e t l l a . Lentils. (Ezek. 4.9.) Eng. l e o . Voice, tone, t u n e , s o u n d , c o m m a n d , advice, syllable, plea, v e r b a l message; to s p e a k , m a k e a s o u n d . Cf. leoleo, leo 'ole. Kona leo, his voice. Kana leo, his t u n e . Ka leo o ke kai, t h e s o u n d of t h e sea. I alVi no loe, i kanaka au, malalo aku au o ko leo (hula song), you be t h e chief, I t h e s e r v a n t , I shall be o b e d i e n t t o y o u r command. l e ' o . 1. L o f t y , tall, high. Cf. 'ale'o, t u r r e t . 2. A v a r i e t y of t a r o t h a t c a n n o t be e a t e n e i t h e r cooked or a s f r e s h poi w i t h o u t t h r o a t i r r i t a t i o n . A f t e r f e r m e n t a t i o n , h o w e v e r , t h e poi is t a s t y , l e o h o ' o n a n l . Song of praise, h y m n , l e o i k t . A low voice, l e o k a n e . M a l e voice, bass, l e o k & n e k l ' e k l ' e . T e n o r . Lit., high m a l e voice, l e o k a n l . Vowel. Lit., voiced sound, l e o k a n i p a . C o n s o n a n t . Lit., s o u n d said t o g e t h e r [so called b e c a u s e a c o n s o n a n t in H a w a i i a n is p r o n o u n c e d w i t h a following vowel].

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l e o k f l . Song s u n g t o a n a u d i e n c e . See e x a m p l e s below. Lit., s t a n d i n g voice, l e o k f l paha. Q u a r t e t . l e o k f l p a k a i l t . Solo. Lit., single s t a n d i n g speech, l e o k f l p a k o l u , l e o k f l p a p S k o l u . T r i o . Lit., triple s t a n d i n g speech, l e o k f l p a i u a . D u e t . Lit., d o u b l e s t a n d i n g speech, l e ' o l a n l . L o f t y , t a l l ; chiefly height, r a n k , l e o l e o . T o s p e a k l o u d l y , vociferously, a n g r i l y ; t o wail, as f o r t h e d e a d , l e ' o l e ' o . 1. R e d u p . of le'o, 1. 2. C h i l d r e n ' s l e a p ing g a m e . Obs. - l e ' o l e ' o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l e ' o l e ' o , h O l e ' o l e ' o . A g i t a t e d , s t o r m y , t e m p e s t u o u s ; rising a n d falling, a s w a v e s ; d i s t u r b i n g , c o n f u s i n g ; u n e v e n , a s a p a v e m e n t or a wrinkled m a t . l e o l e o w a , l e o l e o a . Speaking loudly; boisterous; t o s p e a k in a loud, noisy f a s h i o n , l e o l u a . D u e t ; t o sing in t w o s ; t w o voices, l e o m a n a . Voice of a u t h o r i t y . E hele aku 'qe ia Palani, he leo mana kona, go t o F r a n k , his orders are heeded, l e o i n e l e . Song t u n e ; n o t e s on t h e scale, l e o n u l . L o u d voice; t o s p e a k loudly, l e o ' o k o ' a . S o u n d s , a s in a l a n g u a g e . Lit., sepa r a t e speech, l e o ' o l e . Uncomplaining, agreeable; considerate of feelings of o t h e r s ; giving generously. Lit., no voice. l e o p a ' a . D e a f - m u t e , d u m b person. (Isa. 35.6.) Lit., held voice. l e o p a k l , l e o p a d l . L e o p a r d . (Ier. 5.6.) Eng. l e o p i l l a k u . A c t i v e voice, in g r a m m a r . Lit., voice r e f e r r i n g elsewhere, l e o p i l l ' l a m a t . P a s s i v e voice. Lit., voice ref e r r e d to. l e o ' u w G . Bass n o t e s . Lit., bellowing voice, r o a r , l e o w a e n a . Second treble, m i d d l e voice, l e o w a h l n e . S o p r a n o , s o p r a n o voice, f e m i n i n e voice. l e p a . 1. F l a g , e n s i g n ; t a p a c l o t h on e n d of a stick, as used t o m a r k a t a b o o a r e a . Cf. kalepa. 2 . S a m e a s lepe. 1; h e m . ( P u k . 28 33.) 3 . Var. of kepa, n o t c h e d . 4 . R a r e v a r . of lepe, cockscomb. l e p a h f l . T o lose c o u r a g e , give u p ( c o n t r a c t i o n of lele, t o fly, a n d pahu, t o t h u d ) . Lepahu wale iho no ka mana'o, t h e i d e a was given u p . l e p a l e p a . 1. R e d u p . of lepa, 1, 2, 3; t o h a n g in f r i n g e s or t a t t e r s . 2 . S a m e a s lepa. hl e p e . 1. H e m or f r i n g e , as of a g a r m e n t ; a n y loose a t t a c h m e n t , a s of t o r n c l o t h or t o r n flesh. Nohae mai nei ku'u lole a lepe, m y dress w a s t o r n a n d a piece h u n g loose. Cf. lepa, 1, 2; 'ulepe. h o ' o l e p e . T o c u t , t e a r ; t o stir, a s w a t e r . 2. Rooster comb; turkey wattles, l e p e a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of lepe. l e p e ' a . T o t w i s t , as t h e a r m . l e p e - a - m o a . C o c k s c o m b (Celosia argentea v a r . cristata), a n o r n a m e n t a l t r o p i c a l h e r b , b e a r i n g flowers c r o w d e d e i t h e r on n a r r o w spikes, or in large, p l u m e d clusters, or in o d d - s h a p e d , c r e s t e d c o m b s , t h e colors i n c l u d i n g white, yellow, p i n k , red, a n d p u r p l e . ( N e a l 285.) Lit., c o m b acquired by a chicken, l e p e k a , l e p e t a . M i t e . ( L u k . 21.2.) l € p e l a , l e p e r a . L e p r o s y , l e p e r ; l e p r o u s (Oihk. 13.2). F o r m e r l y o n l y leprosy, a n d n o t leper. Eng. l e p e l e p e . 1. R e d u p . of lepe, 1; f r i n g e d . 2 . W a t tles. 3 . L a b i a m i n o r . 4 . S a m e as lepelepe-o-Hma. l e p e l e p e - a - m o a . All species of Selaginella, small c l u b mosses; used f o r leis, b r a i d e d w i t h roseb u d s . ( N e a l 9.) l e p e l e p e - o - H l n a . 1. M o n a r c h b u t t e r f l y (Danaida plexippus); Kamehameha butterfly. 2. N u d i b r a n c h i a . Cf. E d . 180-185. 3 . S a m e a s lepe-o-Hina, 1, a seaweed.

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l é p e l o ,

1e p e r o

l e w a l a n l l e w a . Lower a t m o s p h e r e , j u s t a b o v e t h e lewa ho'omakua. l e w a l e w a . 1 . R e d u p . of lewa, 2. Kulapepeiao lewalewa, dangling earrings. Iieiki ma'i lewalewa, boy b e f o r e t h e age of p u b e r t y who did not wear a m a l o ; lit., child dangling genital, h o ' o l e w a l e w a . (a) S a m e as lewalewa-, t o cause t o dangle, (b) K i n d of fish n e t suspended f r o m a c a n o e in t h e deep sea. Also maiewa. 2. Unconcealed penis of a boy, usually called ma'i lewalewa. 3 . (Cap.) N i c k n a m e for Gilbertese, because their s t r e t c h e d ear lobes dangled, l e w a n u ' u . S p a c e in t h e h e a v e n s lower t h a n t h e lewa lani; a t m o s p h e r e reached by birds, l e w a w a l o . T o run calling ( p r o b a b l y a c o n t r a c tion of lele wawalo). l e w i a k a n a , l e v l a t a n a . Leviathan. (Ioba 41.1.) Eng.

l e p e l o , l c p e r o . S a m e as lepela (formerly only leper). Eng. l e p e l u a . A t u r n c o a t ; u n f a i t h f u l . Obs. l e p e - o - H i n a . 1 . A red seaweed ( H a l y m e n i a formosa), with a wide, t h i n , b r a n c h i n g thallus. Also called lehejehe- 'ilio, lepelepe-o-Hina, limupepe-o-Hina, pa'u-o-Hi'i-aka. 2 . V a r . n a m e for pa'u-o-Hi'i-aka, a seaweed. 3 . S a m e as lepelepeo-Hina, a butterfly, l e p e u l u . Split or c r a c k in wood, r u n n i n g with t h e grain. Obs. l e p o . 1 . D i r t , e a r t h , ground, filth, e x c r e m e n t ( e u p h e m i s m ) ; d i r t y , soiled. Fig., c o m m o n people ( F o r . 6:3t) 1). Hana lepo, stools, e x c r e t a ; t o excrete. 2 . V a r . of lipo, 1. l e p o h & n a l . D i r t ; r u b b i s h c a r r i e d t o a pit, as t o a c o m p o s t pit. Lit., fed dirt, l e p o h a o . R u s t . Lit., iron dirt, l e p o k a w i l l . Adobe; clay. (Isa. 41.25.) Lit., mixed e a r t h , l e p o k l ' a h a . P o t t e r ' s c l a y . Lit., cup dirt, l e p o k u h l i c . T y p e of clay. Lit., solidifying dirt, l e p o l e p o . D i r t y , t u r b i d ; c o n t a m i n a t e d , as water,

Lewlka, Levita. Levites. Eng.

II. 1 . Chills; t o h a v e chills; t o t r e m b l e with c o l d ; shuddery feeling of horror. Cf. hulili. L i ka 'ili, h ka 'i'o, t o h a v e goose flesh. Pi'i ka h, t o get chills. 2 . L a c e , as of shoes; t o l a c e or tie. Cf. li kaliki, li kama'a. E h mai i ke kama'a o La'a-kea. tie L a ' a k e a ' s shoes. 3 . T o hang, gird: t o furl or reef, as a sail. ( P P N lili, l ' M P lilit.) 4 . T h i r d n o t e in musical scale, mi. 1I-. A prefix t o m a n y kinds of seaweeds, short for limu. 11a. 1 . V a r . of liha, 1. ( P P N liha, P M P ¡i[fi]so.) 2 . V a r . of li, 1. l l ' a . S t r o n g desire, y e a r n i n g ; t o wish for ardently. I l a ' a k l m a l a l a . R e a r admiral. Eng. II a n i l . Cool chill. l l ' a p u . A v a r i e t y of t a r o (no d a t a ) . ( I I P 3 3 . ) l i ' a - w a h i n e . Kukui blossoms used as medicine, named for a woodland goddess. Lit., female desire. l i h a . 1 . N i t , louse egg. Also Ua. ( P P N lisa, P M P /¡[njsa.) 2 . S a m e as liliha-. dreadful, fearful. l i h a l i h a . 1 . S a m e as liliha, 1. Lihaliha wale ke moni akuta (song a b o u t fish), so wonderfully rich to swallow. 2 . R e d u p . of liha, 1; m a n y nits, l i h a l i h a u . R e d u p . of lihau, 1. Makulu ka noe, lihalihau, dripping fog, cool a n d d a m p . H h a u . 1 . G e n t l e cool rain t h a t was considered l u c k y for fishermen ( U L 2 4 1 ) ; moist a n d fresh, as plants in t h e dew or rain; cool, fresh, as dewladen air. Onaona ke 'ala o ka maile i ka hhau 'ia e ka ua noe (song), sweet f r a g r a n c e of t h e maile, k e p t fresh and moist by t h e m i s t y rain. Lihau mai nei 'oe, you are freshly adorned as t h e cool dew-laden plants. 2 . A v a r i e t y of sweet p o t a t o (no d a t a ) . ( H P 142.) l l h e . R a r e v a r . of liha, 1. I l h e l i h e . R e d u p . of lihe. H i l l . 1 . E d g e , rim, border, b o u n d a r y . Also nihi. See nihi for P P N , P M P . Cf. kaunihinihi. 2. Small q u a n t i t y , particle, a l i t t l e b i t , m i n u t i a ; slight. 'Ike lihi, t o glimpse. 'A'ohe ona lihi ho'omaopopo iki, he d i d n ' t in t h e least u n d e r s t a n d . 'A'ole lihi launa o ka pilikia, t h e r e ' s no end t o t h e trouble. 'A'ohe o'u lihi hoihoi, I haven't a p a r t i c l e of i n t e r e s t , not t h e slightest i n t e r e s t . He lihi pili ko makou, we are r e m o t e l y related. Lihi launa 'ole, n o t t h e slightest association. 'A'ole e lilo kahi huna, 'a'ole ho'i kahi lihi iki o ke kanawai ( M a t . 5 . 1 8 ) , not o n e j o t , n o t o n e t i t t l e shall in a n y wise pass f r o m t h e law. 3 . R i g h t or i n t e r e s t in p r o p e r t y . He lihi ko'u i laila, I h a v e an i n t e r e s t t h e r e . 4 . P o r t i o n of a fishhook below t h e point. 0 6 s . 5 . Pearl-shell lure, as for 'opelu, a fish. Obs. l l h l l i . Confused, bewildered, unsuccessful. Obs. Cf. hili, hilikau. l l h l l i h t . 1 . S a m e as lihi, 1, Z, 3. 2 . E y e l a s h e s , eyelid. Lihilihi maka ( I o b a 1 6 . 1 6 ) , eyelid. Lihilihi maka ku'i, artificial eyelashes. Lihilihi moku, eyelash t h a t b r e a k s off a n d gets i n t o t h e eye. Lihilihi pi'i, eyelashes t h a t a r e long and curl upward. Lihilihi 'o'oi, long bristling eye-

lepo lo'l. Taro-patch mud.

l e p o m a n o a n o a . C l a y . Lit., t h i c k dirt, l e p o u a l o . 1 . A e u p h e m i s m for kukaenalo: wax; mole; muslin. 2 . A kind of seaweed, l e p o - n e n e . S a m e as 'ai-a-ka-nene, a plant, l e p o - p a ' a . Hard earth; constipation, l e p o p e l e . M a t c h , sulphur ( e u p h e m i s m for kukaepele). Lit., v o l c a n i c dirt, l e p o p o h o . M a r s h y ground, m a r s h , mire ( f o b a 8.11). l e p o ' u l a ' u l a . K c d e a r t h . Fig., people i n t e r r e l a t e d for g e n e r a t i o n s tobs.). l e p o u l l . Ashes of c e r t a i n woods mixed with water, as for medicine. Lit., dark e a r t h , l e p u . H a r e . (1S43 B i b l e , K a n l . 14.7.)

lepupalika, repubalika. Republic; Republican.

Eng. l e u w l . C a n o e with e x t r a wide w e a t h e r b o a r d ; f o r e p o i n t of a c a n o e where t h e two ends of t h e two w e a t h e r b o a r d s c o m e t o g e t h e r . Obs. l e w a . 1 . S k y , a t m o s p h e r e , upper h e a v e n s . Ka'aahi kau i ka lewa, elevated t r a i n . Mahele kaua lewa, air force. 2 . T o float, dangle, swing, h a n g ; swinging, dangling, pendulous, afloat, uns t a b l e ; l i m b e r - j o i n t e d , of admired h u l a (lancers. Cf. ha'alewa. JIalelewa. t a b e r n a c l e . Hoku lewa, moving s t a r , p l a n e t . Kai lewa, deep sea o u t of sight of land. Ka moana lewa loa, t h e deep ocean. Waiu lewa, long, pendulous b r e a s t s . E ola ana 'oia nei a lewa ke kanahiku, h e will live on t o past seventy, h o ' o l e w a . (a) T o float, as a c l o u d ; t o lift up and c a r r y , as on a s t r e t c h e r . Moe ho'olewa, s t r e t c h e r , h a m m o c k , (b) T o rot a t e t h e hips in dancing. He aha e ka hana a 'Ana-pau la? Ho'olewa ka hana a 'Ana-pau la (song), what is t h e work of ' A n a - p a u t h e r e ? R o t a t i n g t h e hips is t h e work of ' A n a - p a u t h e r e . 3 . H o m e l e s s v a g a b o n d , w a n d e r e r ; landless, homeless. He lewa hele, 'a'ohe kahua pa'a, a wandering t r a v e l e r w i t h o u t fixed residence. Po'e lewa (1 P e t . 2 . 1 1 ) , pilgrims. 4 . T o know t h o r oughly, as a t y p e of work; t o be t h o r o u g h l y f a m i l i a r with, as a place. Ua lewa ia'u ka hana o ke kuiki kapa, I ' m thoroughly familiar with t h e work of quilting. Ua hele au i keia mau kuahiwi a lewa, I ' v e gone t o t h e s e m o u n t a i n s until I k n o w every nook a n d c o r n e r . 5 . (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r , - l e w a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l e w a . F u n e r a l , l e w a a l a n l . P a r t of a heiau t e m p l e where h u m a n sacrifices were offered. Obs. l e w a a n u ' u . Probably a part of the lananu'u mamao t u r r e t . Obs. l e w a h o ' o m a k u a . Space just above the surface of t h e e a r t h ; lower a t m o s p h e r e , l e w a l a n l . Highest s t r a t u m of t h e h e a v e n s .

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1i1in o e lashes. A toe i ka lau o ka lihilihi (Kep. 115), to doze; lit., sjeep on t h e tip of t h e eyelashes. Na lihilihi o ' Awihi-ka-lani, eyelashes of t h e blinking lord [a poetic reference to sleep]. 3. Lace. Kui lihilihi, crochet needle or hook. 4. To crochet. Ka hana lihilihi 'ana, crocheting. 5. Petals. 6. A variety of sweet p o t a t o (no data). This may be qualified by t h e t e r m palu. l i h i l i h i h a n a l i m a . H a n d m a d e lace; crocheting; any h a n d m a d e trimming, as of knitting, tatting, l i h i l i h i k u l l a n o h o . Maltese or hairpin lace, l l h l l i h i - m o l i n a . A variety of taro. l i h i l i h i m o l l n a . Lace edging, l i h i l o u . Tip of a barbless fishhook, l l h o . Choice, precious. Obs. l l h o l l h o . Very hot, fiery, glowing. Obs. Kalaninui-kua-liholiho-i-ke-kapu (name for Kamehameha II.) t h e great chief with t h e burning back taboo. l l ' i . 1. Small, tiny. ( I ' P N Tiki, P M P Dikiq.) 2. Short for ali'i, chief, being especially common a f t e r na: na li'i, the chiefs (preceded by ke). l l ' i l i ' l . Here and there, piecemeal, a little at a time; small, little. in bits, diminutive, infantile. Cf. ha'apuka. Ku'ai li'ili'i. retail buying or selling. Oku li'ili'i, to pay in installments. Lele li'ili'i, to scatter or fall in every direction. 'Oki li'ili'i, to cut a little a t a time. 'Oki a li'ili'i, to cut into small bits. Kau li'UVi, scattered or lying here and there. Ko'u wa li'ili'i, the time of my infancy, h o ' o l i ' i l l ' l . To decrease, lessen, m a k e small, l i ' i p o e . Same as ali'ipoe, canna. I l k a , l i t a . Liter. Eng. II k a k l n i . Garters. Lit., tie stockings (Eng.). II k a l i k l . Corset lace; t o lace u p a corset. II k j m a ' a . Shoelace; to lace shoes, l i k a n i a , l l t a n l a . Litany. Eng. l i k e . Alike, like, similar, resembling, equal. Cf. 'alike, alike, lialike. 'Alike alike, midway, equally. Ehiamoe ana ke keiki a hiki 'alike alike o ka po, t h e child slept until t h e middle of t h e night. Like alike, equal, exactly alike. Like loa, exactly alike, identical. Like me, such as, according to, like. He hale e like me keia, a house such as this. Like pu, just t h e same, alike. Ola like, living at the s a m e time, contemporaneous, h o ' o l l k e . Same as t h e more c o m m o n ho'ohalike\ to equalize, make alike, translate, l i k e l i k e . Kedup. of like, h o ' o l i k e l l k c . R e d u p . of ho'olike. l i k e ' o l e . Various, all, different, not alike. Na pua like 'ole o Hawai'i, all t h e flowers of Hawaii; t h e varied flowers of Hawaii. L l k e p o n a , L l s e b o n a . Lisbon. Eng. l i k e p u . See like. l i k i . 1. T o boast, brag, exult. Ku ka liki i Nu'u-anu, boasting like N u ' u - a n u [said of a boaster]. Ku ka liki mai nei ho'i 'oia ala, what a proud s t a n c e he has over there. 2. T o tighten, gird on; to pucker; stiff, as a limb. Cf. kaliki. E liki mai 'oe a pa'a ke kaula, tighten t h e rope securely. 3. Astringent, as medicine. 4. A substance or glaze, such as juice of ti roots, t h a t prevents colors f r o m fading or mixing, l i k l k l . Ticket, receipt. Eng. Likiki ho'oka'a, receipt; lit., ticket for p a y m e n t , l i k l l i k l . R e d u p . of liki, 2. Likiliki loa keia lole, this dress is too tight, h o ' o l i k i l i k l . T o tighten, l l k i n i . Rigging. Eng. For example see liolio. l i k i p a h u . Iron hoop, barrel hoop. Lit., barrel tightener. l l k o . 1. Leaf b u d ; newly opened leaf; to b u d ; to p u t f o r t h leaves. Fig., a child, especially of a chief; y o u t h . Cf. 'ohua-liko. Liko ali'i, chief's child. 2. Shining, glistening, as with dew; sparkling, glowing; burning. Ke liko a'ela ka ua i ke kai, the rain sparkles on t h e sea. 3. F a t , fleshy. 4. A T a h i t i a n b a n a n a (Musa fehi).

l l k o - l e h u a . 1. A variety of sweet p o t a t o . 2. A kind of seaweed, l l k o l e h u a . Lehua b u d ; red lehua leaves as used for leis or medicine. I l k o l i k o . R e d u p . of liko, 1, 2, 3. He ahi likoliko o ka wela (chant), glowing fire of heat. Kai likoliko, g r a v y full of f a t or grease; oily sea water. l i k u l a , l l g u r a . Ligure. (Puk. 28.19.) I l i a , l i r a . Lyre, h a r p (Kin. 4.21); lyric. Lira kamali'i, children's lyrics [a book of songs]. I l i a . Spindly, undeveloped, as of plants; thin, as a line of words across a page. Cf. 'e'a, 2. He mai'a lila, 'a'ohe 'i'o, a thin b a n a n a w i t h o u t substance [either fruit or plant], l l i a i l i a . R e d u p . of Ilia. l i l e . 1. Bright, shiny, dazzling, sparkling. 2. In unison, as chanting. Obs. 1116. 1. Var. of lila. 2. Upland patch, as of olona. ( H P 199.) Kauai. l l l e l u l i . T o cleanse, as of sin. Obs. Ulelile. R e d u p . of lile. 1. 1111. 1. Jealous; highly sensitive to criticism; jealousy; anger antl mental anguish felt if one's loved ones are criticized. Lili punalua, see punalua. h o ' o l i l i . To provoke jealousy; jealous. 2. Blasted, as f r u i t . -1111. (With ho'o-) h o ' o l i l i , h o l i l l . Rippled surface of t h e sea, as caused by fish; undulation or vibration of light in t h e hot sun; to ripple, vibrate, u n d u l a t e ; to close or blink t h e eyes in bright glare. Var. of ha'alili. Ho'olili ka 'opelu, t h e 'opelu ripples [the sea]. HIT. R e d u p . of II, 1. 1111a. Any kind of lily. Eng. l l l l a - l a n a - l - k a - w a l . W a t e r lily (Nijmphaea spp.). Lit., lily floating on the water, l l l l a - o - k e - a w a w a . Lily of the valley (Comallaria majalis). i l i a - p a l a ' a i . Day lily (Hemerocallis spp.). Lit., p u m p k i n lily, l i l i h a . 1. N a u s e a t e d , nauseating, of rich or f a t t y foods only; very rich, of f a t t y , oily food, as of th ewolu, a fish. Fig., heartsick, as over a t r a g e d y ; revolted, disgusted, as by a hideous crime; dreadful, fearful. 2. Kedup. oiliha, 1; m a n y nits, l i l i h u a . Prepared, supplied, outfitted. Obs. l i l l ' l . T i n y , d a i n t y , fine. Lili'i icai lehua, tiny drops of lehua honey, l i l l k o . R e d u p . of liko, 1, 2. U l l - k o a . Same as koa-haole, a s h r u b or small tree. l i l i k o ' i . T h e purple water lemon or purple granadilla (Passiflora edulis), an American vine with three-lobed leaves and edible dull-purple f r u i t s a b o u t t w o inches long, growing wild in m a n y forests of Hawaii; said to be named a f t e r Liliko'i, Maui, where it was first grown. T h e yellow-fruited liliko'i (P. edulis f. flavirarpa), is similar b u t has yellow, b e t t e r - t a s t i n g f r u i t s ; it is grown commercially in t h e Hawaiian Islands a n d used for desserts and beverages. (Neal 525.) l l l l i a . R e d u p . of lila. 1111-lehua. 1. T h e Texas sage (Salvia coccinea), a weedy herb f r o m southern United States, one foot high or more, with toothed, o v a t e leaves and red inch-long flowers borne in long narrow clusters. (Neal 648.) 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind and rain, f a m o u s at Palolo, Oahu, and Wai-ehu, Maui. 3. A variety of t a r o (no d a t a ) . 111111. R e d u p . of lili, often with meaning of p e t t y jealousy, l i l l l l l l . R e d u p . of lili. l l l i n a . Linen (Eng.), flax. l l l l n a p u ' u I l i a u ' l l . Grass linen. Lit., grassc l u m p linen, l i l i n o e . Fine mist, rain.

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lilio. Redup. of lio, 2. Lilio ka pepeiao, the ears are pulled back, as of a horse [also said of the frightened person]. Maka lilio, slant eyes, ltllpl. Redup. of lipi. l i l i ' u . Scorching, burning, smarting, as salt in a raw wound or pain in the eyes. ( T h e queen I.ili'll-o-ka-lani was said to h a v e been so named because at the t i m e of her birth her foster mother's aunt,_Kina'u, was suffering with pain in the eyes.) La lili'u, burning sun. l i l l - w a i . A small n a t i v e herb (Acaena ezigua), growing in bogs, only on top of W e s t M a u i and Kauai, the narrow, fernlike leaves forming a rosette. lllo. 1. T o accrue, be lost, pass into the possession of, be gone; to become, turn into; t o overcome; purchased, taken. Lilo i ke aupuni, accrue t o the government. Lilo aku ka wa'a i ke kai, the canoe was taken by the sea. Lilo i ali'i, to bec o m e a chief. 'A'ohe wahi lilo o ke ali'i ia 'oe, you are the perfect i m a g e of t h e chief; lit., there is nothing in the chief that does not accrue to you. Ina e mimi, 'a'ohe koe 'aina i ka lilo i ka wai (For. 5:139), if [he] urinates, there is no land that does not turn into water [that is not flooded completely], h o ' o l l l o . T o transfer, assign (as in legal transactions), change, etc.; reduction, as in fractions. Ua ho'olilo 'oia iaia iho i kanaka pono, he changed himself into a righteous man. 2. Husy, absorbed, occupied, engrossed, devoted, dedicated. Ua lilo loa au i ka heluhelu, I ' m completely absorbed in_reading. Lilo 'o Kawelo i laila, hiki ua mau kanaka nei i Wai-kiki ( F o r . 5:19), while K a w e l o was busy there, these afore-mentioned people came to Wai-kiki. No ka lilo loa o Lohi'au ipo i ka nani o Puna, ua lilo ka 'ai . . . i mea 'ole iaia, because of sweetheart L o h i ' a u ' s fascination by the beauty of Puna, food became . . . as nothing [of no interest] to him. 3. Expense, expenditure, outlay of money. Na uku makahiki a me na lilo 'e a'e, annual salaries and other expenses, h o ' o lllo. Expense, expenditure; to spend; to lose; to buy or sell. Nui ka ho'olilo, great expense; v e r y expensive. Ka mea ho'olilo li'ili'i, retail ka ho'olilo o ke aupuni no kela buyer. Nui alanui hou, the g o v e r n m e n t spent much oil that new road. 4. Far, distant, out of sight, completely, entirely (often f o l l o w s a directional). I luna lilo, w a y up. I waho lilo, far outside, w a y out. I ka moana lilo, f a r out to sea. Ua latve a lilo 'ia ka ipo a ke kelamoku, the sailor's sweetheart was swept c o m p l e t e l y off her feet. L i l o a . 1. N a m e of an early chief, the father of ' U m i . 2. ( N o t cap.) A long time ago. Obs. lilolllo. 1. Openhanded, generous. 2. T o break a w a y again and again, as fish f r o m a hook; t o hover between l i f e and death. C f . kalilolilo. lllo loa. C o m p l e t e l y engrossed, dedicated, absorbed; permanently lost or taken. II l u a . E x t r e m e l y chilly. C f . li, 1. Kau li lua i ke anu Wai-'ale'ale ( U L 105), doubly chilled in the cold of [ M t . ] Wai-'ale'ale. l i m a . 1. A r m , hand; sleeve; finger. F o r types of sleeves see 'ekeke'i, la'iki, loloa, pa'i 'ai, ihapiha, poko'u, 'uha hipa. Kui lima, to g o and in hand, a r m in arm; t o hold hands. Hana lima, handmade, hand work. Hana lima 'ike, expert craftmanship. Ua 'eha i ka 'eha lima 'ole a ke aloha (saying), suffering with the handless suffering of love. 2. F i v e ; fifth. ( P P N lima, P M P lima.) l i m a ' a i n a . Second finger. Lit., eating finger, l i m a ' & k a u . R i g h t hand; right-handed; dependable helper, right-hand man. lima Light-fingered, thieving, l l m a h a n a . L a b o r , laborer, worker, e m p l o y e e ; industrious, busy. Cf. hana lima under lima. Papa limahana, labor board. Komisina o na limahana, labor commission, l i m a h e h e ' e . A thinning hand, of one whose poi thins and ferments quickly, l i m a h e m a . L e f t hand; left-handed, l i m a I k a . Same as lima ikaika.

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— l i m a i k a i k a . Strong hand or arm; power, strength; to handle roughly, assault, strongarm. l i m a iki. Small hand; little finger. l i m a k & k a u . H a n d w r i t i n g ; hand to write with. l i m a k o k o . Assassin, murderer, shedder of blood, brute; bloody hand, l i m a k u h l . Index finger; in printing, an index or hand calling attention to a note. Lit., pointing hand. l i m a k u h i k u h l . Hands of a clock. Lit., pointing hands. l i m a l a u . Same as laulima, but some persons limit limalau co-operation to canoe and house building. l i m a l a w e l a w e . Pilferer. Lit., handling hands, l i m a l e w a l e w a . Idler. Lit., hanging hands, l i m a l i m a . 1. T o handle, use the hands; t o pilfer. 2. T o hire, h o ' o l i m a l i m a . T o rent, hire, employ, lease, charter; a lease^ rental. Ka mea ho'olimalima, lessee, tenant. 'Aina ho'olimalima, leased land. Kanaka ho'olimalima, hired man. Ka'a ho'olimalima, hired car, taxi. Ho'olimalima manawa pau 'ole, perpetual lease. Ho'olimalima no ka manawa e ola ana, life-time lease. He ho'olimalima makahiki ha'aha'a, minimum annual rent. 3. T o massage. Obs. 4. Prayer in which the priest gestured with his hands; the ceremony was called ho'opi'i na 'aha limalima, the limalima assembly rises. l i m a l i m a p i l a u . One who handles dirty matter. Fig., an immoral wretch, as a pimp, l i m a l o a . Grabber of other's property. Lit., long arm. L i r n a - l o a . G o d of mirages. l i m a m e k e . Short for lima 'umeke, index finger, so called because poi was dipped f r o m the bowl ('umeke) with it. l i m a m l k l . Index finger. l i m a n a m a n a . A kind of seaweed. Lit., branching seaweed, l i m a n u i . T o attack violently, manhandle, administer a beating, take by force. Cf. lima iki. l i m a n u i . Big hand; thumb, l i m a p i l l . T h i r d or ring finger, l i m a p O h a ' u h a ' u . P u f f e d sleeve, as sleeve gathered at shoulder and wrist, l i m a u l u . A green thumb, l i m a ' u m e k e . See limameke. l i m a - w l w l . A v a r i e t y of sweet potato. Lit., thin hand. l i m i . Same as lumi, 1. Obs. l i m l l l m i . R e d u p . of limi. Obs. l l m o a . Same as hulu-moa, a seaweed, l i m u . 1. A general name f o r all kinds of plants living under water, both fresh and salt, also algae growing in any d a m p place in the air, as on the ground, on rocks, and on other plants; also mosses, liverworts, lichens. ( P P N limu, P M P limut.) 2. T r i c k y , deceiving, unstable (said t o be named f o r the octupus' ability to change its color, and its w a v i n g of a tentacle t o and f r o like the motion of seaweed in w a t e r ) . 3. W i n d gust. Obs. 4. Coil, curl. Obs. 5. Soft coral. l l m u a . O v e r g r o w n with moss, seaweed, or any limu. C f . ua limua. l l m u - a h l . A tree moss or l i v e r w o r t , l i m u - ' a h u ' u l a . A n upland moss, l l m u - ' e l e ' e l e . See 'ele'ele, seaweed, l l m u - h a e a . A lichen (Stereocaulon claviceps), with erect, branching stalks, l l m u - h a ' u l a . A red seaweed, possibly Amansia sp.; f o r m e r l y d o u b t f u l l y called Nitophyllum, a genus as y e t not known in H a w a i i , l i m u - h o l o - a - w a l . A fresh-water moss. l i m u - ' I l i o . Same as hulu-'ilio, seaweeds.

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l l m u - k a h a . A kind of liverwort, l i m u - k a - k a n a k a . A slimy blue-green alga (Nostoc commune), bright-green when fresn, growing on t h e shores of Hanalei, Kauai, f a m o u s in song. I n t h e wet season it covers t h e ground with a thin, slippery layer. Also called limuka-kanaka-o-Manu'akepa. Lit., man-striking moss, so called because people are said t o slip on it and fall. l l m u - k a - k a n a k a - o - M a h a m o k u . Stroke in lua fighting. Lit., seaweed of M a h a m o k u t h a t makes a m a n fall. l l m u - k a l a . C o m m o n , long, brown seaweeds (Sargassum spp.), their stems covered with short branches, bearing r a t h e r stiff, twisted, more or less t o o t h e d , narrow leaves. E a t e n raw mixed with o t h e r seaweeds; used in ceremonies to drive away sickness. Often qualified by t h e terms lau-li'ili'i or lau-nui. Also called 'akala. Some persons also call Turbinaria ornata, an inedible, stiff, dark-brown, erect seaweed by this name. l l m u - k a l a - w a l . One or more kinds of pond scum (Spirogyra spp.), filamentous, free-floating fresh-water algae, consisting of rows of cylindrical cells which contain narrow, spiral, green b a n d s . Also called palawai. l i m u - k a u - l & ' a u . All tiny ferns (such as filmy ferns), lichens, liverworts, and mosses growing on trees. I l m u k e l e . Moss growing on trees in rain forests, l i m u - k o h u . A soft, succulent, small, red seaweed (Asparagopsis sanfordiana), narrow, cylindrical, t u f t e d . I t is one of t h e best-known and best-liked of edible seaweeds. At Moloa'a, Kauai, it is cultivated for local use a n d for Honolulu markets, where it is sold in balls. Also called limu-koko. I l m u l a n a . Floating seaweed. Fig., a drifter, l l m u l l m u . R e d u p . of limn, 2, 3, l i m u - l o l o a . 1. Several species of edible red seaweeds (Gelidium), cylindrical or flattened, more or less pinnately branched, texture_ firm and smooth. Also called ' a n a p a n a p a , 'ekahakaha, kuwelu. 2. A kind of edible red seaweed (Pterocladia capillacea), like 1 a b o v e b u t more finely divided. l l m u - l f l ' a u . 1. A red seaweed ( P o r p h y r a leucosticla), with thin, wide, fiat blades. Kauai. Also called lipahe'e. 2. A red seaweed (Polyopes?), with flat, branching blades. l l m u - m a k e - o - H a n a . A seaweed reported as deadly poisonous a t H a n a , Maui. Also called limu-make-o-M u'olea. l l m u - m a k o l e - m a k a - ' f t p l ' l . Same as makolemakopi'i, a moss, l l m u - m o a . Same as hulu-moa, a seaweed. U r a u - n e h e . S a m e as limu~kala-wai. l i m u - p a ' a k a i . Same as lipa'akai. I l m u p a e . L a n d e d seaweed, said of a newcomer or in a bad sense of a drifter, v a g a b o n d , or kauwa outcast, l i m u - p e p e l a o . Same as lipepeiao. l l m u - p e p e - o - H l n a . Same as lepe-o-Hina, a seaweed. l i m u - u a u a - l o l l . Same as 'ekahakaha, 2 (Gymnogongrus), a seaweed, l i n a . 1. Soft; adhesive, sticky, clayey, g u m m y , tenacious; glutinous, as t a r o of poor quality. Cf. nina, papalina, 'ulika, 'ulina. 2. Scar. Cf. 'alina. h o ' o l l n a . To scar. Trans. 3. Ring (Eng.), hoop, race track. Ku'u lio kakele lina poepoe (song), m y racing horse [in the] round t r a c k , l i n a l i n a . R e d u p . of lina, 1, 2. I l n e k a . Lynx. Eng. l i n o . 1. Ilright, shiny, shining with splendor, dazzling, brilliant. Cf. linohau. 2. T o weave, twist, braid, tie. 'A'ohe 'oe e pakele aku, ua lino 'ia i ka lino pawalu (song), you w o n ' t escape, you are bound with an eight-strand tie. 3 . Same as linolino, 2. 4 . T a u t .

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l l n o a . Passive/imperative of lino, 2. Ua linoa 'ia a pa'a, tied securely, l i n o h a u . Dressed to perfection, beautifully decorated, o r n a m e n t e d . Ku kilakila i ka noe, linohau i ka malie (song), standing majestic in t h e mist, beautifully a t t i r e d in t h e calm, l l n o k a l p a , l l n o t a l p a . Linotype. Eng. U n O l e u m a . Linoleum. Eng. l i n o l i n o . 1. R e d u p . of lino, 1, 2. 2. Calm, unruffled. Cf. malino. l i n u . Tight-fisted, ungenerous, heartless, ungracious. Obs. Ho. 1. Horse. See G r a m . 2.3. Holo lio, to ride horseback. Kona lio, his horse. 2. Tight, t a u t , as a rope, or of hair or horse's ears pulled back tightly. Cf. lilio. 3. R o p e tied to t h e b o t t o m of a large bag net. l l ' o . Same as 'a'o, a sea bird. ll'O. To act wild, as a frightened animal; to open t h e eyes wide in terror; to quiver, leap away, shy, as a frightened horse. Also lei'o. h o ' o l l ' 6 . T o frighten, cause to shy, leap. H ' o a . Passive/imperative of li'o. lio h e i h e l . R a c e horse. lio h u l u ' a e k o . D a r k - g r a y horse. Lit., eagle feather horse, llo l & ' a u . Merry-go-round; horse on a merrygo-round; sawhorse; wooden horse, as used in quilting. Ilololio la'au, to ride on a merry-goround. I Iianekina i ka holo lio la'au me ka ulua (song), riding the merry-go-round at K a n e k i n a with t h e ulua fish (man), llo l a h o . Stallion. Lit., testicle horse, llo l a w e U k a n a . P a c k horse. Lit., horse carry gear. l l o l l o . R e d u p . of lio. 2. Ke liolio nei ke kaula likini, t h e rigging lines are d r a w n tight, l i ' o l l ' o . 1. Bright, dazzling; dazzled. Also liko, 2; lile, 1\ lino, 1. h o ' o l l ' o l l ' o . C a u s a t i v e / simulative. 2. Var. of li'o; n a m e of t h e sound made by t h e bird; t o call thus, l i ' o l l ' o . R e d u p . of li'o. L i o l i o - i - W a w a u . N a m e of a s t a r ; also n a m e for t h e southern sky. ( P H 206; W a w a u is a widely distributed Polynesian place name.) l l o n a . Lion. Eng. Hui Liona, Lions Club, l l o n a k a i . Sea lion. Ho w a h l n e . Mare. l i p a ' a k a i . A salty seaweed, treated by soaking overnight in fresh water. Also called lipehu, pa'akai. l l p a h a p a h a . All kinds of sea l e t t u c e ( Ulva spp. and Monostroma spp.), green seaweeds with thin, wide t o narrow-, fiat or wavy blades. E a t e n but n o t well liked. Also called 'ilioha'a, lipaha, hpalahalaha, pahapaha, pakaiea, palahalaha. l i p a h e ' e . 1. Same as pahe'ehe'e, a seaweed. Called lipahoe on Maui. 2. S a m e as limu-lu'au, 1, a seaweed. Kauai. l l p & h e ' e h e ' e . Same as lipahe'e, 1. l i p a h o e . Same as lipahe'e, 1, a seaweed. Maui. l l p a k l , i i b a t i . Liberty. Eng. l l p & I a h a l a h a . Same as llpahapaha, sea lettuce. l l p a l a ' O . Same as lipalaicai, f r e s h - w a t e r algae. llp&lSwal. Edible, green, fresh-water algae, consisting of t u f t s of branching t h r e a d s (Pithophora spp. and Stigeoclonium spp.), or of a network of t h r e a d s ( H y d r o d i c t y o n ) , or of simple t h r e a d s (Spirogyra spp.). Also called llpala'O, nehe, pala'o, palawai. l l p a l u . A seaweed much like hulu-'ilio, 3, and perhaps t h e same: edible, green, soft, slippery, forming long, hairlike t u f t s , l l p a n o , l l b a n o . Frankincense. ( M a t . 2.11.) l l p e ' e . Some n a t i v e species of a genus of edible red seaweeds (Laurencia), small, narrow, stiff,

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branching, and knobbed. Lit., hiding seaweed. Also called 'ape'epe'e, ho'onunu, llpe'epe'e, pe'epe'e. l l p e ' e p e ' e . Same as llpe'e. Hawaii. T h i s seaweed was taboo to those learning hula because pe'e means to hide, and the gods would hide their secrets from those eating the seaweed, l l p e h u . Same as lipa'akai, a seaweed, l i p e l a l a , l i b e r a l a . Liberal. Eng. Ka 'ao'ao lipelala, t h e liberal party. l l p S p e . Same as llpe'epe'e. Niihau. l l p e p e i a o . 1. An edible, small red seaweed (Amansia glomerala). with flat, curved blades forming rosettes on a cylindrical stem, the blades rolled up at t h e tips and toothed on the edges. I t has a distinctive odor and is seasonal. Also called limu-pepeiao and limu-kulapepeiao. 2. A fresh-water moss, usually qualified by uai. l i p l . Adze, chisel; any sharp edge; sharp mountain ridge; sharp, tapering, l i p l h o e h o e . Adze or chisel with broad, flat blade. Lit., paddle-like chisel. Ilpl k i i h e l a . Adze or chisel with concave blade, l i p l k u k e . Adze or chisel with thin, tapering blade. U p i l i p i . Redup. of lipi. Ua-po'o-lipilipi, name of a rain at Kalihi, Oahu; lit., adzelike head rain, said to be so called because t h e heavy rain forced the people to spend so much lime sleeping t h a t their heads were sharpened as though by an adze. l i p i n a , r i b i n a . Variant of lipine. Lipina ali'i, royal ribbon or decoration. U p l n e , r l b i n e . Ribbon. Eng. See also below, l i p i n e h o ' o k a n i . Tape, of a recorder, l i p i n e k i k o k i k o . Typewriter ribbon, l i p i o m a . Small rounded adze or chisel, l i p o . 1. Deep blue-black, as of a cavern, the sea, or dense forest: dim, distant. Kumulipo, the origin in the deep, blue-black past [a Hawaiian creation p o e m ] , L i p o lolohuamea, t h e d a r k depths (the unfathomable mystery of the gods], 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star in the southern skies, and hence sometimes the name for the southern sky. l l p o a . Passive/imperative of lipo, 1. Ua lipoa wale i ka ua ka nahele, forest dark with rain, l l p o a . 1. Much-branched brown seaweeds (two species of Dictyopteris [Haliseris]), one of three most popular edible seaweeds. 2. S a m e as lipoa-kuahiwi. I l p o a - k u a h i w i . A nonedible mountain moss. l l p o h a p o h S . S a m e as pohapoha, 3, a seaweed, l l p o l l p o . Redup. of lipo, 1. Ka moana nui lipolipo, t h e great blue ocean, l i p o w a o n a h e l e . Gloom and darkness of a great forest. llpGpQ. Any seaweed growing on a shell ( p u p u ) . l i p u ' u . Same as lipu'upu'u. ( K L line 90.) l l p u ' u p u ' u . An edible green seaweed. ( V a l o n i a utricularis), with turgid j o i n t s a n d short branches. Also called kukae-o-Kama-pua'a. l l u . 1. Leakage, bilge water; to leak, of a canoe or ship. 2. Same as liuliu. l i ' u . 1 . Slow, tardy, taking a long time; a long time. Ala li'u ka la o Wai-'anae, the Wai-'anae sun rises slowly. 'A'ohe i li'u iho kona hiki 'ana mai a hiki maila 'oe, he h a d n ' t been here long when you arrived. 2. Well-salted, salty; seasoned. Fig., deep, profound, as of skill or knowledge. Cf. lili'u, li'ua. Li'u ka 'ike i ke kalai wa'a, he's skilled in canoe carving. Li'u ka na'auao i loko ona, wisdom within him is profound, l i u a . 1. S a m e as niua, niniu, dizzy, etc. (For. 6:295.) 2. Same as kuhi-'ai-kamo'o-wahie, a lobelia, l i u a . Dissolute. (AP.) l i ' u a . S a m e as li'u, 1, 2. 'A'ole i li'ua, it wasn't long.

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l i ' u i a . Twilight; mirage. Ka hululi a ka wai li'ula, the glitter of water in the mirage. l i u l i u . Prepared, ready; to m a k e ready, h o ' o l i u l i u . T o prepare. l i ' u l i ' u . Redup. of li'u, 1\ to pass much time; to spend much time. 'A'ole i li'uli'u ma Maui, did not spend much time at Maui. Li'uli'u no aku na la i ua ai. it rained many days. Li'uli'u mahope (2 Sam. 7.19). a great while to come. E kali iho a li'uli'u, wait a while, h o ' o l i ' u l i ' u . T o cause a delay, prolong, procrastinate, l l w a l i . Soft, thin, as poi or dough. (AP.) 15. 1. A black insect, the earwig ( D e r m a p t e r a . ) 2. F r o n t half of the skull. (AP.) 10-, Prefix, perhaps short form for lo'o-, to obtain; cf. lohai, lokalii, lokea, lomilo, lo'ohia, lopi'o, louhu. l o a . 1. Distance, length, height; distant, long, far; permanent. Cf. loloa. Mauna-loa (name), long mountain. Meu 'ole ia loa, t h a t distance was nothing. Noho loa, to stay permanently (cf. noho lo'ihi, to stay a long time). He aha ka loa o keia pakaukau? W h a t ' s the length of this table? Pua kukui pua i ka loa i lalo, candlenut flowers blooming far down below, h o ' o l o a . T o stretch, extend, prolong, lengthen. 2. Very, very much; too; excessive, most. Maika'i_ loa, very good. Wela loa, too hot. Ma ke kukala akea i na mea knho ki'eki'e loa, at public auction to the highest bidders^ 3. As soon as. Obs. ljoa no iaia a hala aku. 'o'ili ana ka makua kane, no sooner had he gone, I han the father appeared, l o a ' a . T o find, get, obtain, acquire, have, gain, receive, catch, win, succeed; gain, earnings, profit, revenue, receipts, wealth, property; success, solution; to have a child, beget a child; to be born; to find none to compare with; unequalled, incomparable. See Gram. 2.3. (This extremely common word takes a subject preceded by'i or ia, and an object may be preceded by 'o. See Gram. 4.1.) Loa'a ka hale i ke ali'i, the chief has a house. Kanaka loa'a 'ole, a person who gains little, has little. He mea loa'a wale no kela ia makou, t h a t ' s something we can easily get. He mau maka loa'a 'ole, eyes not easily obtained, [said affectionately of a high chief not easily approached], Ua 'ai au i kana loa'a, I ' v e eaten his earnings [said in pride by a parent who is cared for by a son or daughter]. He mea pili o ka loa'a (Kep. 109), one to whom gain clings. '0 ka'u loa'a no keia, this is what I ' v e gained. Ha'iloa'a, answer to a problem. Ka mea e loa'a ana (ka mea e lo'ana), anything a t all, whatever is to be had. Ka manawa e loa'a ana, any_convenient time. 'O 'oe ka mea e loa'a ai a'_u wahine, no ka mea ua pau loa ku'u waiwai ia laua, 'a'ohe na'e he loa'a iki (For. 5 : 3 4 3 ) , you're the one who can win my wives, because my wealth is entirely spent on t h e two without any success a t all. Loa'a au i ke anu, I caught a cold; lit., t h e cold catches me. Loa'a Kane-alai, ke kupuna o lakou (chant), their ancestor, Kane-alai, was born. Ka'u kane i loa'a ai 'oe (For. 4 : 1 8 3 ) , my husband by whom you were begot. E nana wahine a'e no wau, a'ole 'oe e loa'a, I look at all other women, there's not another your equal. 'A'ole e loa'a mai keiki o ke kaona (song), none as fine as boys of the town. Ma ka hlmeni, 'a'ohe 'oe e loa'a, in singing you have no equal, h o ' o l o a ' a . T o obtain, get, find, etc. l o ' a ' a . Rough, jagged stone, either of coral or lava; hence, hard, severe, as of a taboo. He kanawai ku i ka lo'a'a, a cruel blow. l o a ' a h i a . Passive/imperative of loa'a. l o a l a . T o praise, extol, as a chief (in poetry). (AP.) l o ' a l o ' a . S a m e as 'alo'alo'a, pitted, l o ' e . Curve of a fishhook. l o e a . Skill, ingenuity, cleverness; expert, clever, skillful, dexterous, handy, skilled; skilled person. 'Ike loea, technical knowledge, knowledge of skills.

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l o ' e l o ' e . Same as malo'elo'e, aching, l o ' e w a . Same as pa'ewa. l o h a . 1. Drooping, wilting; hanging low-, as a b r a n c h ; beaten down, as by rain. Fig., sullen, spiritless, depressed, unsociable, subordinate, inferior. 2. T r i m m i n g s of corners and ridge of a t h a t c h e d house; t o p u t on these trimmings (For. 5:289). 3 . Short for aloha. 4. A variety of b a n a n a . 5. A v a r i a n t name for t h e kilu game. (AP.) l o i i a l . Lever or stick used in prying u p or raising h e a v y articles; to lift thus, l olohelohe, h a l o h a Si. . 1. R e d u p . of loha, 1, 3. 2. Var. of l o h e . To hear; to mind, obey; to feel, as t h e t u g of a fishing line; obedient. Lohe mai i ke a'o, heed t h e teachings. Lohe mai ke a'o, how terrible [in idioms], Pau ka 'ike, pau ka lohe, in a coma, unconscious, h o ' o l o h e . Causative/simulative; a t t e n t i o n (a m i l i t a r y c o m m a n d ) . He kanaka ho'olohe i kauoha, a person obedient to commands. l o h e a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of lohe. l o h e l a u . 1. Wall p l a t e in house. 2. Exhausted, worn-out, dilapidated, l o h e l a u a l i e a . See ahea. l o h e l o h e . 1. R e d u p . of lohe\ to listen carefully, eavesdrop. He 'ilio lohelohe (PH 75), a dog [sacrificed to obtain] obedience. 2. L a r v a e of t h e dragonfly; this was used in hula ceremonies because lohe means to hear and obey. See pua'alohelohe. Also po'ola-nui, lohaloha. 3. R a r e var. of lohaloha, 1. Lohelohe i honua, poetic name for b a n a n a plant because its f r u i t droops {loha), to t h e ground (i honua). Lohelohe pele unu Mahiki i ka ua, M a h i k i is beaten down and m a d e m u s t y by t h e rain, l o h e n a . Hearing, obedience. Of. lohe. He lohena ka'u i ka 'ola'ola (chant), I heard a gurgling, l o h e p e p e l a o . H e a r s a y ; to hear of. He lohe pepeiao mai ko'u, 'a'ohe he 'ike maka, I ' v e j u s t heard about it b u t h a v e not seen for myself, l o h i . 1. Slow, t a r d y , late. 'Olelo lohi, speak slowly. E hele, lohi! Half step, march! h o ' o l o h l . T o delay, make slow, d e t a i n ; to go slowly, procrastinate, dillydally, lag. 2. Short for 'alohi, sparkle. I ka papa lohi a 'o Xlau-kele, in t h e bright flats of Mau-kele. Ka wai lohi o Maleka (song), t h e sparkling water of America [alcoholic drink], l o h l a . 1. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of lohi, 1, 2. Wai lohia, sparkling water, intoxicating drink. 2. Short for lo'ohia. ( M a t . 4.24.) l o h i ' a u . Slow, r e t a r d e d , backward. Lohi'au Puna i ke akua wahine. P u n a is handicapped, r e t a r d e d , set back, by t h e goddess. Cf. Lohi'au, t h e unsuccessful suitor of Pele and Hi'i-aka. l o h i l o h l . R e d u p . of lohi. 1, Z. l o t . To look over critically; to look at as t h o u g h searching for flaws, scrutinize, l o ' l . Irrigated terrace, especially for taro, b u t also for rice, l o i a . 1. R a r e var. of loea, skill. 2. Var. of loio, lawyer. I o i a l l k l , r o i a l l t l . Royalist. Eng. l o l e . R a r e var. of loina. (AP.) lOlele. Sluggish, slow; to loiter, dillydally. He aha ke kumu o kou loiele? Why are you so slow? l o ' i h i . Length, height; long, tall. Lo'ihi ke ala, a long road. Lo'ihi a'e nei ka manawa, long since. h o ' o l O ' l h i . To lengthen, extend, prolong. Ua ho'olo'ihi 'oia i kona noho 'ana, he prolonged his stay. l o i l o l . R e d u p . of loi\ to find fault, criticize, l o ' l l o ' i . 1. Pools of w a t e r ; having m a n y pools; taro patches. Cf. halo'ilo'i, lo'i. 2. Same as 'alo'ilo'i, a fish. ( K L line 157.) l o l n a . Rule, custom, code, precept, law; principle, as of a political p a r t y .

' i n o

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l o i o . 1. Thin, spindly. 2. R a r e var. of loea, skill. 3. Lawyer (Eng.), a t t o r n e y ; to a c t t h e lawyer; to judge. Loio o ka 'ao'ao ku'e, la\vyer for t h e opponent. E loio ana i ke 'ano o kela keia mo'olelo (Kep. 131), judging t h e n a t u r e of all t h e tales, h o ' o l o i o . T o a c t t h e lawyer; to show off knowledge; to ask bewildering questions as a lawyer might, l o i o h o ' o k o l o k o l o . Prosecutor, l o i o k u h i n a . A t t o r n e y general, l o ' l P O ' a l i m a . A " F r i d a y " taro paich, meaning one worked for t h e konohiki (supervisor), as F r i d a y was t h e work day. l o k a . 1. Also r o d a . Rod. Eng. 2. Also l o g a . Log, Hebrew liquid m e a s u r e (Oihk. 14. 10). - l o k a . See maloka. l o k i l h l . Unity, agreement, accord; agreed, in u n i t y . Mana'o lokahi, unanimous. h o ' o l O k & h l . T o bring a b o u t u n i t y ; to make peace and u n i t y ; t o be in agreement, l o k a l i a . 1. Coral plant (Russelia equisetiformis), a Mexican low s h r u b b y plant, one to four feet high, with m a n y leafless, green, q u a d r a n g u l a r branches, used for low hedges and in rock gardens; it bears bright-red flowers resembling small firecrackers. (Neal 668.) Eng. 2. (Cap.) Rosalie. Eng. lGkaiio, r o s a r i o . Rosary. Eng. Less common t h a n lei kolona. l o k e . 1. Rose; rosy. Eng. 2. Also r o k e . Roast. Eng. Pipi loke, roast beef. lGkea. Long E u r o p e a n knife with a white handle. l o k e - H a w a i ' l . Castilian rose, a double pink rose, t h e flower of t h e island of Maui, l o k e - h i h l . Climbing rose. l o k e - h u l h u l . A pinkish-white rose, very f r a g r a n t and growing in a cluster. Possibly this is t h e Duchess of l i r a b a n t , still common in Hawaii gardens, l o k e - k f l k a e p e l e . Sulphur rose, l o k e - l a n l , r o s e l a n i . T h e c o m m o n small red rose. I t has been s u b s t i t u t e d for t h e pink rose, now rare, as t h e flower of Maui, l o k e - l a u . Green rose (Rosa chinensis var. viridiflora). (Neal 345.) No ka pua loke-lau ke aloha (song), love for tile green rose, l o k e l i , l o t e r l . Lottery. Eng. l o k e - o - k a - l u a - p e l e . A pink rose growing in t h e Kilauea area, Hawaii, commonly called volcano rose. Lit., rose of t h e volcanic crater, l o k e - p i h i . T i n y b u t t o n h o l e roses (Rosa chinensis var. minima). (Neal 346.) l o k e - w a i - k S h u l i . A kind of rose, red on t h e outside of t h e flower and pink in t h e center; used for hedges. Lit., rose with changing color, l o k i a . R o a n , as a horse. Eng. l O k l h i . Var. of lo'ihi. l o k o . 1. In, inside, within; interior, inside; internal organs, as tripe. Maloko mai 'olua o ka hale, come into t h e house. Ua lawe nui au no loko a'e o keia mau kanawai, I have t a k e n much f r o m within these laws. '0 ka inaina i loko o kekahi hana hewa, malice in respect to t h e commission of a n y offense. Ko loko, those inside. Make na loko, d e a t h caused by own relatives, or failure t o observe one's taboo gods; lit., inside d e a t h , h o ' o l o k o . T o insinuate, suggest, i m p l a n t a t h o u g h t , either good or bad. 2. Character, disposition, heart. Cf. loko haiki, loko 'ino, loko li'u, lokomaika'i. 3. Pond, lake, pool. 4. M a i n land of t h e United States. I loko aku nei au, I ' v e been to t h e mainland. 5. In spite of. I loko no o ka waiwai, hana no, in spite of wealth, working a n y w a y . 6. By means of. Loa'a ka 'aina ia makou maloko o ka ikaika (For. 4:47), we won t h e land by force, loko h a i k i . Hard-hearted, narrow-minded; tight-fisted, parsimonious; such a person, l o k o ' l n o . Merciless, heartless, evil, malevolent, cruel; such a person.

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l o k o k a l . Lagoon. l o k o k u ' i . M a n - m a d e salt-water pond. Lit., artificial lake. l o k o l i ' u . 1. Salt pond. 2. Cross, embittered, sour in disposition; such a person, l o k o l o k o . Puddles, small pools. Cf. hdlokoloko. l o k o m a l k a ' I . Generosity, kindness, good will; generous, kind, benevolent. Na la o ka lokomaika'i. days of grace [time allotted for paying a bill], L o k o - p a ' a k a l . Salt Lake City, l o k o p a ' a k a i . Salt pond or lake, l o k o u , l o g o u . Word, logos (Ioane 1.1). l o k o u l u . Seedling bed. Lit., iuside growing, l o k o w a l . Fresh-water pond or lake; fountain (Sol. 5.16). l o k u . Downpour of rain; blowing of wind; to pour, of rain; to blow, as a gale. Fig., to feel deep emotion, pain, sorrow; to weep profusely; intense. Ka ua loku, t h e pouring rain. Ke aloha loku i ka pu'uwai, love surging in t h e heart. Ke loku nei ka makani, t h e wind is blowing in a gale, h o ' o l o k u . T o pour, as rain; to disturb; agitated. lOkfl. A game, perhaps like kilv. (For. 4:221); a place for indoor games, l o k u l o k u . Redup. of loku. Cf. ha'alokuloku, ka'alokuloku. h o ' o l o k u l o k u . Redup. of ho'oloku. l o l a . 1. Drooping, hanging downward; droopy, sluggish, lazy, idle. Lola moe halau, lazy one who sleeps in the workhouse [a lazy person], 2. A native fern ( A s p l e n i u m acuminatum), with much-subdivided fronds. 3. A variety of taro. 4. Roller, rolling pin; to roll. Eng. lOlS. To sun. Rare. Ke lola maila lakou, they are sunning. lola h o ' o p a l a h a . Roller. Lit., flattening roller, l o l a l o l a . Redup. of lola, 1. l o l a m a h u . Steam roller. l o l e . 1. Cloth, clothes, dress; to wear clothes. Cf. 'a'a lole. Komo i ka lole, to p u t on a dress. 2. To unfold, t u r n inside out, reverse; to strip or peel off, as b a r k ; to skin, flay (Mika 3.3); to scalp; to handle, t u r n over with the hands. Hele akula 'o 'Oma'o-kama'u . . . lalau ihola i ka 'auwae [o Hakau] a lole a'ela i luna (For. 4:203), ' t j m a ' o - k a m a ' u went . . . grabbed [Hakau'sj chin and yanked it up. 3. Depigmentation, as of palm of hand or soles of feet, l o l e a . Worn smooth b y friction, wear, or cons t a n t handling; t u r n e d inside out; skinned, flayed. Cf. lole, 2. l o l e h a u . Limping, lame. Obs. l o l e h o l o l . L a u n d r y ; soiled clothes ready to be washed. l o l e k o m o . Clothes. Lit., clothes to p u t on. l o l e l a u . T h a t c h i n g a n d trimming, of a house. Lit., handle leaves. l o l e l a u o h o . Sackcloth of hair. (Hoik. 6.12.) l o l e l e p o . Soiled clothing, laundry, l o l e l o l e . Redup. of lole, 2. Mai ki'i 'oe e lolelole i ku'u ukqna, d o n ' t you go and go through my things. 'Olelo lolelole, twisted, not straightforward, r o u n d a b o u t speech, l o l e l u a . Changeable, fickle, unstable, inconstant, l o l e m o e pO. Nightgown. Lit., night-sleeping clothes. l o l e n a . 1. -na form of lole, 2. Palai lolena, fern t u r n e d over. 2. Limp, flexible, as cloth; inefficient, unproductive, idle, sterile, barren, faded. He u'i lolena ku i ki'ona (saying), a stupid b e a u t y fit for t h e d u n g hill. 'A'ohe lolena i ka wai 'opae, no slackers in water full of shrimps [there m u s t be no slackers when work is to be done]. l o l e p l a . L a u n d r y washed, starched, and dried b u t not ironed. Lit., starch clothes.

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l o l e w a l . Laundry washed and dried b u t not starched or ironed. Lit., water clothes, l o l e w S w a e . Trousers, pants, panties, slacks. Lit., leg clothes. l o l e w a w a e ' e p a n e . O v e r a l l s . Lit., a p r o n trousers. lole w i w a e m o e p o . P a j a m a s . Lit., trousers for night sleeping, l o l e w i w a e p u h a ' u h a ' u . Bloomers. Lit., puffed trousers. loll. 1. T o turn, change, alter, turn over, h o ' o loli. T o change, take a new form, exchange; to amend, as laws; a m e n d m e n t , change. Ho'ololi 'olelo, conjugation, declension. Ilo'ololi i ka mana'o, to change the mind. Ho'ololi mai i ka noi, to amend a motion. Ho'ololi kala, currency exchange. 2. Sea slug, beche-de-mer, sea cucumber, trepang (Holothuria spp.) (Ed. 96-102.) 3. Spotted, speckled J daubed; to color in spots, as tapa. Cf. 'xloli, kukaeloli. l o l l a . Passive/imperative of loli, 1. h o ' o l o l l a . Causative/simulative, loll ' a n o . Change of nature, as of words and their etymology, l d l l ' l . Relaxed, at ease, without worry, carefree. Moe loli'i, to lie a t ease. Ua noho 'o Maleka a loli'i (song), America is well prepared, l o l l - k a ' e . A variety of loli, sea slug, l o l l - k o h o l a . A variety of loli (Holothuria), black and cylindrical. Lit., reef loli. l o l i - k o k o . A variety of loli, perhaps Chirodota rigida. Lit., blood loli. lollloll. 1. Redup. of loli, 1; changing, turning, changeable, h o ' o l o l l l o l l . Causative/simulative. For example see ka'ina. 2. Soggy, gummy, tough and watery, as overripe taro. l o l l l u a . Same as lolelua. l o l l - l t i ' a u . A variety of loli (Holothuria). Lit., taro-tops loli. l o l l - m a k o k o . A variety of loli, perhaps Chiridota rigida. Lit., blood-red loli. l o l l n a . A change, alteration, lollo. Skinny, thin. Cf. lio, taut, l o l l - p u a . A species of edible loli (Holothuria). Lit., flower loli. lolo. 1. Brains, bone marrow. Kau ka la i ka lolo, t h e sun rests on the brains [it is noon]. Lolo 'eleu, active mind or intelligence. 2. Religious ceremony at which the brain of t h e sacrificed animal was eaten (such ceremonies occurred a t a canoe launching, s t a r t of journey, completion of instruction); to have completed t h e lolo ceremony, hence expert, skilled. He lolo 'au moana, seafaring expert. A'o ihola 'o Hale-mano i ka hula . . . pau ke a'o 'ana, lolo ihola i ka pua'a (For. 5:247), Hale-mano learned t h e hula . . . after learning, a pig was offered ceremonially. 3. Pithy, white sponge in a sprouting coconut. Also iho. 4. Long slender pole placed above the second ridgepole of a house, functioning as t h a t c h purlin for t h e a t t a c h m e n t of additional layers of t h a t c h . Also called lolo 'iole5. First brew made f r o m ti root. 6. Short for hinalea-'aki-lolo, a fish. 7. Same as holowa'a, sheath covering coconut flowers. 8. Exclamation: serves you right! 1016. Paralyzed, n u m b ; feeble-minded. Lolo moe halau, stupid one who sleeps in a workshop [a lazybones]. ho'olOlO. T o pretend paralysis, s t u p i d i t y ; to pretend to be asleep, l o l o a . 1. R e d u p . of loa, l.Lima loloa, long sleeve. 2. A seaweed. (KL line 95.) lOloa. E m p h a t i c form of loloa. Uhai loloa, to follow persistently, l o l o ' a . Bleached, as a shell in the sea. l o l o a - m a l a u . A hold in lua fighting. Lit., neat length. l o l o a ' u . Flying gurnard, a fish (Dactyloptena orientalis). Also called pinao. l o l o h a . Redup. of loha, to droop.

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l o l o h e . 1. Redup. of lohe; to listen carefully, attentively, with good hearing. He pepeiao lolohe, an ear with good hearing, h o ' o l o l o h e . T o listen carefully; to strain t h e ear to hear. He ali'i 'o ka lani, he mo'opuna na Lono, he hiapo na ke kini, ho'ololohe ua (chant), t h e heavenly one is a chief, a descendant of Lono, the first-born of a multitude [of long lineage], a listener to t h e rain [unafraid of rain because of high rank], 2. Stubborn; hard to move, as a rock. Rare. Cf. ho'okololohe. h o ' o l o l o h e . Causati ve/simulative. i o l o h l . Redup. of lohi, 1. Lolohi ke a'o 'ana, slow in learning, l o l o h i l l . Var. of loloiahili. l o l o h u a . Same as mlkololohua. l o l o h u a m e a . 1. Same as lolohua. 2. Variegated color, as of the distant sea. For example see lipo, 1. l o l o h u w j l . One who is jealous and constantly stirring up trouble; jealous, l o l o i a h i l i . T o wander, as one lost; to stray, dillydally; to digress and wander in speech, h o ' o l o l o l a h i l l . Same as above. Me ka ho'ololoiahili 'ole aku, without f u r t h e r digression, l o i o i e l e . Redup. of loiele. h o ' o l o i o i e l e . Causative/simulative. Ho'ololoiele kana liana 'ana, he works so slowly, lolo ' i o l e . Same as lolo, •'/. lolo l w i . Bone marrow. l o l o k a ' a . Dizziness, with spinning head; dizzy. Cf. niu loloka'a, poniuniu. l o l o k l a . Coconut stem. l o l o k u . Same as lokuloku. 'O lili'u 'o loloku, 'o walania i ke ki'i 'onohi (song), smarting, tearful, burning are the eyeballs, l o l o k n . 1. Midday. Ke loloku aku nei, it is noon. Cf. kau ka la i ka lolo, under lolo, 1. 2. Muscle on back of the head, probably the occipitofrontalis muscle; t h e nervous system. Also called molokii. lOlOkull. Deafness, as f r o m disease. For examplo see 'a'a, 1. lololo. 1. Intelligent, brilliant; deep thinking. 2. Tasty, rich, fat, as marrow. Rare. l o l o l o a . Intensive of loloa, 1. l o l o l o h e . R e d u p . and intensificr of lohe, to hear (said of a very keen ear). For example see 'a'a, 1. l O l o l o h u a . Redup. of lolohua. l o l o m f l . Unsuccessful, unlucky. Obs. l o l o n l u . Canoe hull made of coconut log. Obs. lolo n i u . Embryonic sponge in a coconut; cocon u t sheath. Wa'a lolo niu, coconut sheath used as a toy canoe, l o l o p a i o a . Same as lolopaioea. l o l o p a i o e a . Tall, spindly, thin, l o l o p l l i . N a m e of a design used on Niihau mats, l n l o p i o . T o die calmly and easily. (For. 6:297.) lolo p o ' o . Brain. Lit., head brain, l o l o p u a . Zenith. Eia la i ka lolopua o ka lani, here is the zenith of the heavens, l o l o ' u . Redup. of lo'u. lolo w a ' a . Canoe-launching ceremony; to perform t h e ceremony. See lolo, 2. l o m a . 1. Lazy, indolent, slow, idle. Cf. kuloma. 2. (Cap.) Rome; Roman. Eng. l o m a l o m a . Redup. of loma, 1. For example see halale. loilli. T o rub, press, squeeze, crush, mash fine, massage, r u b o u t ; to work in and out, as claws of a contented cat. Kamano lomi, i'a lomi, salmon or fish, usually raw, worked with t h e fingers and mixed with onions and seasoned. Kanaka lomi, masseur, masseuse, l o m i a . Passive/imperative of lomi. Pepe lomia e ka Inu-wai, crushed and mashed by t h e waterdrinking wind [as grass, but figuratively of lovers].

— lOmilo. To spin with fingers; to twist, as thread in making rope or cord. Cf. milo, to twist. I o m i l o m l . Redup. of lomi; masseur, masseuse, l o n a . 1. Block of wood used to support a canoe out of water. Also 'aki. 2. Useless, vain. (AP.) 3. Straight, direct. (AP.) l o n a l o n a . 1. Var. of nonanona, ant, gnat. 2. Var. of nonanona, many. Lonalona na pu'u, there are many, m a n y hills, i o n i k o , l o n l t u . Longitude. Eng. l o n o . 1. News, report, remembrance (Kanl. 32.26), rumor (sometimes formerly preceded by ke, as For. 5:331). Ku'i ka lono, the news spread, h o ' o l o n o . T o listen, hear, obey; obedient. Ku'i ka lono i Pelekane, ho'olono ke kuini o Palani (song), t h e news spread to England, the queen of France heard. ( P P N rongo, P M P (lengeR.) 2. (Cap.) One of the four major gods brought f r o m Tahiti, the god of the makahiki harvest festivities and of agriculture. He is also regarded as t h e god of medicine (Malo 96, 111), and his name occurs in chants concerned with cloud signs and weather phenomena. C a p t a i n Cook was believed to be the god Lono and was thus addressed. Ou kino e Lono i ka lani, he ao loa, he ao poko, he ao ki'ei, he ao halo, he ao ho'opua i ka lani (Malo 140), your bodies, O Lono, are in the heavens, a long cloud, a short cloud, a watchful cloud, a peery cloud, a cloud issuing forth in the heavens. 3. (Cap.) T h e 28th day of the lunar month. 4. (Cap.) N a m e of a star. See lono-maka-ihe. l o n o a . Var. spelling of lonoua. l o n o l l l ' i . To cry to be carried, of an infant carried too much; to fret in a spoiled way to be carried. Lit., hear carry. Mai hi'i man 'oukou o lonohi'i keia keiki, d o n ' t keep carrying this child or he'll want to be carried always, l o n o h o n u a . T o hear surprising or sudden news, l o n o k f i . On the back; backward. (Al>.) l o n o l a u . Large-sized gourd. Also nonoluu. l o n o l o n o w f t . Redup. of lonoica. l o n o l u p e . A banner held up by two starts. Obs. l o n o - m a k a - l h e . Art of spear throwing, named for a god. Cf. maka ihe. Ua a'o anei 'oe i ka lono-maka-ihe? Have you learned the art of spear throwing? L o n o - m a k l i a . F a t h e r Lono, elder Lono, a name for the akua loa. l o n o m e a . A native tree (Sapinrlus oahuensis), to thirty feet high, with ovate leaves four by eight and two by five inches; it is found only on Oahu a n d Kauai. Kauai. On Oahu it is called kaulu. l o n o p a p a . News spread far and wide; news so well bruited t h a t everyone has heard repeatedly; spread far, of news. l o n o p O h a . 1. Art of healing, especially of wounds, abscesses. A'o i ka lonopuha, learn t h e healing art. 2. (Cap.) T h e name of a god of healing. lonow&. Hearsay, rumor; to keep hearing, as rumor. Also nonou a. I o n u . Cheat, liar, rogue; to cheat, lie. Rare. IGnfl. To swell up, as with disease. Cf. onu. l o ' o h i a . Possessed, overwhelmed, overcome; to befall, happen. Ua lo'ohia i ka 'uhane_ 'ino, possessed by an evil spirit. Lo'ohia i ka nau-aliwali, lo'ohia i ke kaumaha, overcome by weakness, overwhelmed by grief. Ua lo'ohia mai lakou i keia mau mea (1 Kor. 10.11), these things happened to them. 1 0 ' o h u . To buck, of a horse. Kauai. l o ' o k a h l . R a r e var. of lokahi. lftpS. 1. Shiftless; poor t e n a n t farmer. Lopa ho'opili vale, one entirely dependent on others for livelihood. Lopa kua kea, lazy lopa, with untanned back; lit., white back. E aho no ke kiimakahiki iko ka 'auana wale a ho'opili mea'ai paha a noho lopa wale iho no, it is better to have a yearly contract [as hired hand] t h a n to vaga-

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l o p a l a u ' e k a

bond and be dependent for food and live just as a shiftless tenant. 2. A n uncertain term in the phrase ho'ao lopa, marriage with a relative 24 generations removed. (For. 6:268.) l d p £ l a u ' e k a . _ Worthless, shiftless squatter (contraction of lopa palau'eka, worthless lopa). l o p l , r o p i . Thread. (Eng., r o p e ) . (Lunk. 16.12.)

lopf lopl lopl lopl

h o ' o h o l o h o l o . Basting thread, huluhulu. Worsted thread, h u m u l a u . Embroidery thread, k&holo. Basting thread,

loplne. Robin. Eng.

l f t p l ' O . T o bend over, as one nodding, sleeping, l o p u . Consecrated adze, as uged in carving, l o u . 1. H o o k : t o hook, to fasten with a hook; to hook off, as with the lou pole. Lou ka i'a, the fish is hooked. Lou ka mana'o, thoughts are hooked, as of t w o persons thinking of each other, h o ' o l o u . T o hook, catch with a hook; t o put on a hook, as bait. 'O ka limu-kala ka maunu e ho'olou ai i ka makau ( F o r . 4:205), kala (seaweed) was the bait placed on the hook. 2. V e r y long fruit-plucking pole, with short sticks lashed obliquely near the end for plucking, as f o r breadfruit. 3. Pain in the side, stitch. 4. Same as louulu. 5. Tache, clasp ( P u k . 26.6). l o ' u . T o overhang, as a cliff: to bend over, as with grief or laughter; bent over, as a laden branch. Cf. ha'alolu. Ko'i lolu, adze on bent haft. Lo'u pali, overhanging cliff. (Perhaps P P N roku, P M P dekung.) l o u a . 1. Passive/imperative of lou, 1. Loua max, hook (it] this way. 2. Var. of laua. Loua 'ole aku ka hana, much work y e t to be done. I d u h u . Same as uhu, to bolt, strain. 06s. l o u l o u . 1. Redup. of lou, 1; to link or hook together. 2. Finger-pulling contest: t w o players hook fingers and see who can keep his finger hooked the longest,

lo'ulo'u. Redup. of lo'u.

l o u l u . 1. AM species of native fan p a l m s J P r i i chardia). ( N e a l 85.) Also noulu. Cf. hawane. 2. Umbrella, so called because the loulu palm leaf was f o r m e r l y used as protection f r o m rain or sun. 3. Alutera vionoceros, a fish, perhaps so called because its greenish-white skin resembled the loulu palm: used in sorcery to cause death because the name contains the word lou, to hook. 4. T y p e of heiau said to be built for prevention of epidemics, famine, destruction. l o ' l l l l l . A n endemic fern {Coniogramme pilosa) with leaves somewhat like those of the breadfruit tree ('ulu), but the divisions narrower and deeper. l o u l t l - h i w a . A small native f a n palm ( P r i t c h a r dia martii), with thick trunk to six feet high. Lit., dark loulu. l o u l u - l e l o . A native f a n palm ( P r i t c h a r d i a hillebrandii), with trunk to 20 feet high. Lit., yellowish loulu. l o u u l u . Betrothal g i f t , as sent f r o m one f a m i l y to the other. 06s. ID. 1. T o scatter, throw, as ashes; to sow; t o shed, as a chicken its feathers or a tree its leaves; to push aside; to drip, as water; to shake: t o cast off, as grief; to spend recklessly, squander. Pau ke kala i ka lu 'ia, all the money was squandered. 2« Seeds of the pua-kala, prickly p o p p y . 3. Gunshot, so called because the pellets suggested the lu seeds. 4. Scalloped hat braid, as made of bamboo, sugar-cane stem, pandanus, or coconut, l u a . 1. Hole, pit, grave, den, cave, mine, crater. Lua is a hole that has a b o t t o m , contrasting with puka, perforation. Ho'opiha i ka lua o ka inaina, fill the pit of wrath [eat heartily], h o ' o l u a . T o bake in the oven. Cf. ho'olua under lua, 3 and kalua. Puala ho'olua, pork and taro tops baked in ti leaves, called laulau today. ( P P N lua, P M P ruwang.) 2. T o i l e t , outhouse. 3. T w o , second, secondary, twice; second of a pair; doubly, much, a great deal. Ka lua keia

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0 ko'u hele 'ana mai, this is the second of m y trips here. 0 ka lua ia o na keiki, this is the second of the children. Ka'uka'u lua, to delay much. Kaumaha lua, extremely sad or h e a v y . Konikoni lua i ka pu'uwai, throbbing, throbbing in the heart. h o ' o l u a . T o do twice, repeat, do over and o v e r ; to bake twice, as f o o d in the oven. ( P P N rua, P M P Duua.) 4. Equal, likeness, duplicate, copy, match. Lua 'ole, „unequalled, without an equal, incomparable. Ola'i ikaika loa i 'ike 'ole Ha kona lua, very strong earthquake, the like of which had never been seen before. 5. Companion, mate. C f . koko'o. 6. General name for t y p e of hand-to-hand fighting that included bone-breaking, quick turns and twists of the spear, noosing, leaping; to fight thus. l u a - . T o e n j o y oneself. Cf. luakaha, luala'i, luana. - l u a . 1. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l u a . ( a ) Strong, muscular, rough, ( b ) {Cap.) N a m e of a strong north wind, famous in song. (For. 5.27.) Ho'olua nui, big H o ' o l u a wind; Jig., to talk loudly and to no purpose. 2. Dual number, only in pronouns and possessives 'olua, kaua, maua. l u ' a . Old and wrinkled, worn and shabby with use, worn-out; sagging, hanging down, flimsy; soft, pliable. See 'aluKa. - l u ' a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l u ' a . ( a ) T o bear many children, ( b ) T o lay an egg, as of a chicken, l u a ' a . T o pound poi. Obs. (For. 6:397.)

luaahi, luahi. 1. Victim, as of wrath. Mai

pa'akikx aku 'oe i ke anu, 'o ke kino mai no ka luaahi, don't persist in going into the cold, the body will suiter for it [lit., be the victim]. 2. Fearful, m i g h t y . Ka lima luaahi o ke koa, the fearful arm of the warrior, l u a a h i . P i t of fire; hell. l u a ' & p a n a . Jester (For. 5:479); hilarity, sport; to laugh, jest, indulge in uproarious merriment. Obs. l u a ' e h u . M a n y and colorful. Lua'ehu ka i'a i loa'a mai i hei mai i ka 'upena (song), colorful and many are the fishes caught, snared in the net. l u a ' e l l p o h a k u . Quarry. Lit., pit for digging stones,

lua 'eli walwal. Mine, luahaka. Outhouse. l u a h e l e . P i t f a l l , seduction, deception; to lead astray, seduce, deceive,

lualil. See lua ahi. luahlne, luwahlue. 1. Old woman, old lady; to be an old woman. ho4oluahlne. To act or

dress like an old l a d y ; to try to be like one. 2. See kaula-luahine. l u a h o a n a . H a l o or rainbow around sun or moon. Lit., polished pit.

lua h o ' o k l ' o wal. Cistern. L u a - h o ' o m o e . N a m e of a star, said to appear in the month of Hinaia-'ele'ele. l u a h u n a . H i d d e n or secret c a v e or pit, as where bones of the dead were hidden, l u a ' l . V o m i t ; volcanic eruptions; to v o m i t , erupt; to banish, expel, d r i v e out, as people. C f . lua'i koko. Lua'i a koko, to v o m i t f o o d until blood comes. Lua'i po, outcasts, as wandering souls not accepted in the realm of the dead; lit., night v o m i t , h o ' o l u a ' l . E m e t i c ; causing v o m i t i n g ; to cause a vomiting, t o feign v o m i t ing; t o gag: to d r i v e out people. ( P P N lua, P M P luwaq.) l u a i e l e . 1. T o live a dissipated life, reckless of health; to dissipate. Luaiele wale iho no i 'o 1 'ane'i, going here and there [as a fickle lover]. 2. Swaying. Nani ka 'oiwi o ka la'au i ka luaiele 'ia e ka makani, beautiful the b o d y of the tree swayed by the wind [some are handsome even in adversity or dissipation]. l u a ' l k o k o . A n y kind of sickness with v o m i t i n g of blood; to v o m i t blood.

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l u k a

l u a ' l k Q . Disgusting, nauseating, sickening. l 0 kana mau hana, he me a e lua'iku ai, what he does is disgusting, l u a ' i p e l e . Volcanic eruption, lava, sulphur, brimstone ( H o i k . 9.17). l u a k a h a . E n j o y a b l e , pleasant, as a place t o which one is attached; to while a w a y the time e n j o y a b l y . He luakaha ko makou nohona i keld 'aina, our stay at that land was comfortable and pleasant, l u a k & l a l . Same as luahoana. Lit., hewn pit. l u a k & l a i l a n i . Same as luakalai. l l i a k e l e . C a v e f o r concealing. For roots cf. lua ( p i t ) and hunakele (to bury), l u a k i n i . T e m p l e , church, cathedral, tabernacle; large heiau where ruling chiefs prayed and human sacrifices were ottered, l u a k u p a p a ' u . T o m b , grave. Lit., corpse pit. Iuala'1. Same as luana. E aha ana la ku'u lani, e luala'i la i Lukana (chant for Kalakaua), what is my lord doing, enjoying life in London, l u a l i ' l l i ' i . Outhouse, toilet, l u ' a l o a . Large fishhook, as used for large fish or sometimes f o r bonito. l u a l l i a . 1. Uneven, full of holes, rough, humpy, as a road. 2. Same as lueluc, a fishing not. l u ' a l u ' a . Redup. of lu'a\ aged, l u a l u a " ! . 1. Redup. of lua'i. ho'olualua'i. Redup. of hv'olua'i. 2. T o raise and chew the cud. l u a l u a ' i n a . Yar. of lulud'ina, 1, 2. l u a l u a n a . Redup. of luana. l u a m e k l . Deep pit or cave. (Zek. 9.11). l u a n a . T o be at leisure; to enjoy pleasant surroundings and associates; to live in comfort and ease; to enjoy oneself. He aha ka 'oukou e hana nvi? K luana wale ana no, what are you all doing? Just enjoying ourselves. h o 4 o l u a i i a . ho'oluana. Causative/simulative. Cf. lumi l u a n a I k l . T o pause a moment; to enjoy oneself a little. Ma'ane'i kakoa e luana iki iho ai no na 'olelo e pili ana i ke ko'i (For. 5:291), here we'll stop a moment for the story concerning the adze. l u a n u ' u . Dressed out in tapa, as temple images in Lono's temple on important occasions. ( A P . ) l u a 4 o l e . Superior, incomparable, unequalled, second to none. l u a 4 o n I . Second person to fall in battle, the second victim, l u a 4 6 p a l a . Rubbish pit. l u a p a ' a h a o . Dungeon. Lit., jail pit. l u a p & l o l o . Clay pit. l u a p a o . Burial c a v e ; tunnel. Lit., cave pit. l u a p a ' f l . Refuse pit in the luakini or temple enclosure. Fig., any place of destruction. Lit.± damp pit. O ka pakela inu lama 'o ka luapa'u ia o ke kanaka, excessive drinking of intoxicants is a cause of man's destruction, l u a p e l e . Volcano, crater. Lit., volcanic pit. l u a p O . Grave. ( H a l . 88.3.) Lit., night pit. l u a p u h l . Blowhole, l u a p G h l . Eel hole. I f i ' a u . 1. Y o u n g taro tops, especially as baked with coconut cream and chicken or octopus. 2. Hawaiian feast, named f o r the taro tops always served at one; this is not an ancient name, but goes back at least t o 1856, when so used by the Pacific Commercial Advertiser; f o r m e r l y a feast was pa'ina or 'aha'aina. 3. Dark-greenish meat in a turtle, considered a delicacy; so named because the color of its meat suggested the color of taro tops. 4. Same as limu-lu'au, a seaweed. 5. K i n d of soft porous stone, as used in the ground oven. Obs. l u a ' u h a n e . T h e inner corner of each eye, next to the nose; tear duct. Lit., soul-pit, so called because it was believed that the soul leaves

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— and enters the body of sleeping persons at this point. l Q a u ' l . T r u e parent, as contrasting with foster parent or aunt or uncle (makua). Ku'u luau'i makua kane, m y true father, l u a ' u n u . Refuse pit in a heiau. l u a w a i . W e l l , cistern (Isa. 30.16), pool, pond, reservoir. l u e , r u e . Rue. (Luka 11.42.) I u 4 e . Loose, as a garment; hanging loose, long and flowing; loosened. h o 4 o l u 4 e . ( a ) T o loosen, let down, as hair; to unfurl, as a flag; to hand down. (t>) Same as ho'olu'a. - l u 4 e . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l u 4 e . T o shape a log f o r a canoe, as at bow and stern. Obs. l u e a . Seasickness, nausea, dizziness. Cf. poluea. l u e l i u . 1. Easily scattered, dispersed, blown a w a y ; scaly, as skin. Lit., scattered fine. 2. K i n d of soft, porous stone that breaks easily, l u e l u e . Bag net with meshes the width of a linger, as held open by a hoop of walahe'e wood and baited and lowered into the sea by four long cords. I u 4 e l u 4 e . 1. Redup. of lu'e. 2. Loose gown, as of Biblical characters. 3. A hold in lua fighting. 10 h a i l . Shaking down of dew or rain drops f r o m tree boughs by a breeze; to fall thus; scattered dew. L G - h a u - p u a . A wind of Ola'a, i l a w a i i . l u h e . T o hang down, sag, droop; to wither, l u h e a . Passive/imperative of luhe. Ka lau luhea o ka 'ofiai o ^lana, the drooping leaves of the 'ohai of Mana. l n h e ' e . Fishing for octopus with line and cowry lure; the octopus lure; to fish thus. 10 h c l e l e ' i . T o scatter, strew; to lot hair hang loose and unbound. Mai holo 'oe i uaena o ke kaona me ka lu helele'i o kou luuoho, don't ride through the midst of the town with your hair hanging loose, l u h e l u h e . Redup. of luhe, to sag with fat. l u h e l l l l i e a . Passive/imperative of luheluhe. Ka ua luheluhea i na pali, the [misty] rain hanging on the cliffs, l u l i i . 1. W e a r y , tired, fatigued; wearisome, tiresome, laborious, tedious; burden, wearisome or tedious task; labor, work, pains. Ko'u luhi, my fatigue. h o 4 o l u h l . T o bother, disturb, trouble, wear out with work, overburden. Cf. hale ho'oluhi. Hiki anei ia'u ke ho'oluhi ia 'oe, may I trouble you [a polite preface to a request]. 2. A child or other person tended and raised with devoted care; to care for and attend with care and affection. Ka'u luhi, the person I care for. Luhi wahine 'ia, to be cared for and raised by a woman. 'O La'a-kea, ka luhi a Na-maka, La'akea is devotedly_ cared f o r by Na-maka. Ua luhi ka makua kane iaia, the father cared f o r him with devotion and patience, l u l l i a . A variety of shark. l u h l e h u . Beautiful, attractive, festooned. Obs. Luhiehu iho la ka pua i Maile-huna ( U L 237), beautiful the flower at Maile-huna. l u h i h e w a . T i r e d without accomplishing anything; weary f r o m efforts that bring no results. h o 4 o ! u h l h e w a . T o oppress, harass, burden to no use. l u h l l u h l . Redup. of luhi, 1. h o ' o l u h l l u h l . T o make tired, disturbed, etc; to wear one down with work. Cf. ho'oluhi. l u h i n a . A laboring, wearying, caring for, etc. l u ' i . 1. Imaginary or indistinct sound. Obs. 2. T o abolish, nullify. Obs. (Oih. 5.39.) l u l a . Same as luhia. l u ' i l u ' l . Redup. of lu'i, 1, 2. l u l n a . Sailor. l u k a , r u d a . R o o d , in surveying. Eng. l f i k £ . Var. of muka, to smack.

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lukaluka

l u k a l u k a . 1. Var. of lupalupa, 1. 2 . S a m e as pdlukaluka, 1. 3 . T a p a sarong, as worn by men.

(Malo 182.)

l u k a m a e a . Religious ceremony for women, said to date from t h e time of Papa, l u k & n e l a , l u t a n e l a . Lieutenant. Eng. l u k a u . L o o k o u t ; to look out, be careful. Eng. l u k e , l u t e . Lute. Eng. l G k e . T o prod open, as bivalve shells. Obs. L u k e l a , L u t e r a . Lutheran. Eng. L u k e l a n o , L u t e r a n o . Lutheran. Eng. l u k l a . 1. Short for lu'ukia. 2 . (Cap.) Also R u s i a . Russia; Russian. Eng. ltkklnl. 1. Perfume. 2 . (Cap.) Russian. Eng. 3 . Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), a grass with fragrant leaves, lemony odor, edges sharp. Also called lapine. l u k i p a , l u c i f a . Lucifer. Eng. Ahikoe lukipa, lucifer. l u k u . Massacre, slaughter, destruction; to destroy, massacre, slaughter, lay waste, exterminate. IJele luku, go on a raid. Wai-luku (place name), waters of destruction, l u k u a . Passive/imperative of luku. l u k u n a . Destruction, slaughter, l u k u w a l e . Vandalism, useless slaughter or destruction; to destroy thus, l u l a , r u l a . Ruler, t a p e measure; rules, manners, regulations. Eng. He kanaka lula 'ole. a man without manners; unruly. lfll&. Calm, windless, dead stillj bored (rare). Lula au i ka ho'olohe i kana ha'i'olelo, I ' m bored listening to his sermon, l u l a k u m u . Fundamental or basic rule. lQl&na. Same as lula. Liildna ihola ka pihe_(UL 238), the shouting quieted. Ku'u hoa lulana i ka lipolipo, my peaceful companion in the forest depth. l u l e . 1. T o quiver, as jello; to sag, as flesh of a f a t person; weak, flexible. 2 . A variety of pili grass. 1Q l e h u a . 1. A red t a p a design. 2 . T o scatter lehua flowers, said poetically of rain, l u l e l u l e . Redup. of lule, 1. l u l l . T o shake, as t h e head in approval or disapproval; to roll, as a ship; to totter, be unsteady; to sway to and fro ( M a t . 11.7), wag. 'Ohe luli i ka makani, bamboo swaying in the breeze. Cf. 4 aluli. h o ' o l u l i . T o rock, as a child; to shake, as a drink; to sway. Cf. mohai ho'oluli. l u l l l u l l . Redup. of luli. h o ' o l u l l l u l l . Redup. of ho'oluli. Waiu ho'oluliluli, milk shake. 1Q10. Lei made of braided leaves or ferns, l u l o i l i . T o sleep soundly. (AP.) l u l u . Calm, peace, shelter, lee, protection, shield, cloak; to lie at anchor. Cf. lulu ali'i, palulu. Honolulu (name), protected harbor, h o ' o l u l u . (a) T o lie quietly in calm water, as a ship in port; to be c a l m ; to gather together to wait, as ior transportation. Hale ho'olulu, depot, waiting station. Ho'olulu lei, to offer leis on an altar; t h e prayer uttered while making an offering of leis; lit., to make leis repose in peace and quiet, (to) T o chum, for fish: this type of fishing and fisherman. ( P P N ru, P M P DukDuk.) lQlfi. 1. Redup. of lu, 1; to scatter, sow, as seeds; to fan, winnow; to shake, as dice or t h e hands, or as an earthquake. Cf. ha'alulu. Hele akula kekahi kanaka lulu hua e lulu ( M a t . 13.3), a sower of grain went forth to sow. ( P P N lulu, possibly P M P DugDug.) 2 . Donation, offering, as in church; to make an offering, l u l u a l e l e . Redup. of luaiele. l u l u & ' l n a . 1 . Freckles. Lulud'ina 'ole, without a freckle, said of one well-cared for in childhood who grows up handsome, gracious, and agreeable. 2 . T o pound 'ina and ha'uke'uke sea urchins as for bait.

—

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l u l u a l l ' l . Royal feather cloak (rare)-, chiefly protection. l f i l Q h e ' e . Redup. of luhe'e. l u l u h l . 1. Redup. of luhi, 1, 2. Ua luluhi na maka, the eyes are heavy with sleep, h o ' o l u l u l l l . T o make sleepy; drowsy. Mele ho'oluluhi, lullaby. 2 . Black and heavy, of clouds; overcast, threatening. (AP.) lQlfi h u a . Sower; to sow seeds, l u l u k a . Peace, calm. Obs. lfilfi l i m a . T o shake hands; handshake, l u l u l u . Redup. of lulu; dead calm, great c a l m : becalmed; hanging limp, as a sail in a calm, l u l u m i . Redup. of lumi, J ; crushed, crumpied, wrinkled. E lulumi ana na 'ale o Kauna (chant). t h e billows of K a u n a rush pell-mell. Huki i he kalo nut, lulumi i ka lepo a popo'i i ka mau'u, pull up the big taro, press t h e earth firmly and cover with grass, l u l u ' u . Same as lu'ulu'u, 1\ said also of a tree laden with fruit, a person laden with leis. h o ' o l u l u ' u . Same as ho'olu'ulu'u: to cause to bend down, to load heavily. Trans. Pakaukou i ho'olulu'u pu me na mea'ai, tables laden down with food, l u m a . Same as luma'i. l u m a h a ' l . Certain twist of the fingers in making string figures, perhaps named for a place on Kauai. I t i m a ' l . T o douse, duck; to upset, tumble, as in the surf. Fig., to destroy, overwhelm, as with trouble. Luma'i Ha ke kauwa, t h e kauu-a (outcast) was drowned. Ua luma'i 'ia kona mana'oluna e na pilikia, his hopes were dashed by his troubles. Luma'i 'ia e ka nalu, rolled by the waves. l u i n a ' i a . Passive,imperative o f luma'i-, capsized, l u m a ' l n a . Drowning, etc. See luma'i. l u m a k i k a , r u m a t i k a . Rheumatism. Eng. l u m a l u m a ' l . Redup. of luma'i. I G m a n a w a h u a . Stomach disorder accompanied by gas and looseness of the bowels; to suffer thus. Cf. manau ahua. l u m i . 1. T o crowd uncomfortably; to overturn, pound, crush, as the surf; to press; to be overwhelmed with trouble; to destroy by black magic. Cf. lulumi. 2 . Also r u m i . Room. Eng. Nui ka lumi, plenty of room, l u m i a . Passive/imperative of lumi, 1. Lumia e ke kahuna 'ana'ana, destroyed by an 'ana'ar.d sorcerer, l u m i ' a l n a . Dining room, l u m i ' a u ' a u . B a t h r o o m . Lit., washing room, l u m i h o ' & h l l . Storeroom, l u m i h o l o l . Laundry room, l u m i h o ' o k l p a . Parlor, living room. Lit., entertaining room, l u m i h o ' o l u a n a . Lounge, reception room, l u m i h u l a h u l a . Ballroom, l u m i k u k e . Kitchen. Lit., cooking room, l u m l l u m l . S a m e as lulumi. Lumilumi 'ia laua e ka 'ona o ka 'au a, they were overcome by the intoxication of the kava. l u m i m o e . Bedroom. Lit., sleeping room, lumi waiho P a n t r y . Lit., room for leaving plates. l u m i w a i h o u k a n a . Storeroom. Lit., room to leave goods. l u n a . 1. High, upper, above, over, up; on, in, into. Luna follows particles expressing place, as a, i, ko, ma-, mai, no, o. Kau i luna o ke ka'a, get into the car. 2 . Foreman, boss, overseer, supervisor, officer of a n y sort, commissioner. h o ' o l u n a . T o appoint as foreman, officer, etc.: to act as officer. 3 . Chief piece in the konane game. (AP.) l u n a ^ h a ' a i n a . T o a s t m a s t e r , director of a feast. (Ioane 2.8.)

198 —

— l u w a h i n e — l u n a ' a l . F o o d inspector. l u n a ' A n e l a . Archangel. ( I u d a 9.) l u n a ' S p o n o . Censor, a p p r o v i n g officer. l u n a ' a u h a u . T a x collector ( L u k a 7.34), tax assessor, publican, master of tribute, l u n a a u p u n l . G o v e r n m e n t official, l u n a a w a . Harbor master. l u n a h a ' i . Confessor, as Catholic priest. Lit., speaking superior, l u n a l i a l e k l a ' l . C o m m a n d e r or chief guard of a fortress. l u n a h a n a . Overseer, foreman, anyone in charge of work. l u n a h a n e l i . Centurion. (Oih. 10.1.) Lit., overseer of hundred, l u n a h e l u . Census taker. Lit., counting supervisor. l u n a h e l u k a i a . Teller, as of a bank. Lit., officer who counts money, l u n a h o ' o h a n a . M a n a g e r , administrative head, overseer. Lit., supervisor to cause work to be done. l u n a hft'ola. Auditor. Lit., proving officcr. l u n a h O ' o l a ' l ' o p a l a p a l a . Certifier of title. Lit., officer who certifies the truth of document, l u n a l i o ' o k o . E x e c u t i v e officer. Lit., officer who accomplishes, l u n a h o ' o l u h i . Taskmaster. ( P u k . 5.6.) Lit., officer who makes weary, l u n a h o ' o n i a l u . Chairman; speaker, as of the House of Representatives; presiding officer; comptroller, l u n a h o ' o p o n o p o n o . Editor, l u n a h o ' o p o n o p o n o w a i w a l . Executor, as of an estate. l u n a h o ' o p u k a . Publisher. Lit., officer who makes appear, l u n a ' l k e h a l a . Conscience. Lit., officer who knows wrong. ; A'ole 'apono 'o ku'u iuna'ikehala i keld, my conscience does not a p p r o v e of that, l u n a k a h l k o . Elder ( P u k . 3. 10); elderly leader, l u n a k l k a u k o p e o k e a u p u n l . N o t a r y public. Lit., officer who writes the g o v e r n m e n t copy. Obs. l u n a k a n a l l m a . Leader of fifty men. (2 N a l . 1.10.) l u n a k a n a w a i . Judge, magistrate; Book of Judges in the Old T e s t a m e n t ; judicial. Lit., law officer, l u n a k a n a w a i ' a p a n a . District judge, l u n a k a n a w a i h o ' o m a l u . Police justice, l u n a k a n a w a i k l ' e k l ' e . Chief justice, l u n a k a u a . W a r officer; captain, l u n a k a u k a n l ( t a u s a n l ) . Officer in charge of a thousand or more men. Lit., officer of a thousand (Eng.). l u n a k i a . Upper part of a pillar, chapiter (1 N a l . 7.16). l u n a k i a ' l . Supervisor; overseer of others; bishop ( P i l i p i 1.1). l u n a k l ' e k l ' e . High officer, l u n a k o a . M i l i t a r y officer. Cf. ali'ikoa. l u n a k o ' l k o ' l . Ambassador; i m p o r t a n t officer, l u n a k u l a . School superintendent, schoolmaster, l u n a k u l a n u i . School superintendent, l u n a l a w e l a w e n o ke k e n e l a l a . Aide-de-camp. Lit., officer serving for the general, l u n a l e k a . Postmaster. Lit., letter officer, i u n a m a k a ' a t n a n a . R e p r e s e n t a t i v e in the legislature. Lit., people's officer, l u n a m a k a ' i . District sheriff, chief of police, l u n a m a n a ' o . Same as Iuna'ikehala. l u n a m e l e . Chorister. Rare. l u n a n a n a . Inspector; judge, as in song contests.

l u n a n u l . Chief officer or foreman, especially head overseer of a sugar plantation, l u n a ' o h a n a . H e a d of a f a m i l y ; headman of a tribe. (1 Oihn. 9.34.) l u n a ' o h l k a i a ' a u h a u . T a x collector. l u n a ' G l e l o . A p o s t l e ; communication officer; proclaimed (Oih. 1.2.) l u n a w a e m a n a ' o . Conscience. Lit., officer that selects thoughts, l u n a w e h e p l l i k i a . R e p r e s e n t a t i v e in the old H a w a i i a n parliament. Lit., officer who removes trouble. l u n l . L i m p i n g , unsteady. Obs. l u n u . Same as nunu, 1, 2. Cf. 'aiunu, 'anunu. l u ' o n l . One w h o delivers a v i c t i m to the sacrificial altar; t o so deliver. ( A P . ) l u p a . 1. Same as lupatupa. 2. Same as nupa. l u p a l u p a . 1. Flourishing, of luxuriant growth. Lupatupa ke oho o ka palai, thriving fronds of fern, h o ' o l u p a l u p a . T o cause to flourish; lush. See nupanupa. 2. P u r i f y i n g ceremonies of various sorts, as to insure g r o w t h or to cleanse contaminated persons, as those who h a v e buried the dead; prayer f o r the soul of one who has just died; to conduct such ceremonies, l u p e . 1. K i t e . Cf. ka'idlupe. Ilo'olcle lupe, to fly a kite. Four types of lupe were said to exist: lupe la, a round kite, lit., sun kite; lupe mahina, kite with tapa covering cut in a crescent shape, lit., moon kite; lupe many, kite with wings on the side, lit., bird kite; lupe maoli, kite suggestive of European kites in shape, tit., genuine kite. 2. Same as hihimanu, sting ray. 3. F l a t tened end of the f o r w a r d end or the outrigger float outside of the joining of the outrigger boom to the float. 4. A kind of seaweed, l u p e a . Pleasing, attractive, as plants. Obs. Lupea ka uka i ka palai, the inland is l o v e l y with ferns, l u p e ' a . Drunk, intoxicated, l u p e ' a k e k e . H a w a i i a n stormy petrel (Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura). Also called oeoe. l u p e l u p e a . R e d u p . of lupea. Lupelupea i kc 'ala, a t t r a c t i v e with perfume, l u p e p a . R h u b a r b ; calomel and tartar emetic. Eng. lupo. Wolf. lflpG. Var. of ulupo. L f t - p u a . N a m e of a wind. 10 p u a . T o scatter flowers, as by a flower girl at a w e d d i n g ; to decorate graves with flowers. La Lu Pua, D e c o r a t i o n D a y . l u ' u . T o d i v e , plunge into water, immerse; to dip in, as a shrimp net. h o ' o l u ' u . T o dip, immerse, etc. Trans. Ho'olu'u 'Hi, t o tan hides. pa'akai, basket f o r storing salt (pa'aHo'olu'u kai); t o d y e salt with ocherous earth. Waiho'olu'u, color, d y e . Po'e ho'olu'u, d y e makers, l u ' u a . Passive/imperative of lu'u. h o ' o l u ' u a . Passive/imperative of ho'olu'u. Pa'u no'eno'e i ho'olu'ua, d y e d printed skirts, l u ' u '111. T a n n e r of skins and hides, h o ' o l u ' u '111. T o tan skins, l u ' u k l a . Coconut fiber lashing; to lash thus. Pa'u-o-Lu'ukia, a kind of lashing, referring to a legendary w o m a n ' s sennit chastity belt, l u ' u k l m o . T o d i v e headfirst, l u ' u l u ' u . 1. Bent or bowed down, as w i t h weight, sorrow, or trouble; painful, sorrowful, toilsome, cast down. Lu'ulu'u Hanalei i ka ua nui, kaumaha i ka noe o Alaka'i, Hanalei is downcast with great rains, h e a v y with mists of A l a k a ' i [said in dirges to describe the weight of grief], Hala ka lu'ulu'u kaumaha, the h e a v y sorrow is over, h o ' o l u ' u l u ' u . T o cause sorrow, grief; to oppress. 2. R e d u p . of lu'u\ t o set a hina'i, fish trap, h o ' o l u ' u l u ' u . Redup. of ho'olu'u', t o set a fish trap, l u ' u p o ' o . T o d i v e headfirst, l u w a h i n e . R a r e spelling of luahine.

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as in maha, makahi, malua, etc. 3. Short for make, desire, as in ho'oma'aka'aka. 4. Common prefix indicating a quality or state, m a ' a . 1. Accustomed, used to, knowing thoroughly, habituated, experienced. Cf. ma'ama'a, ma: a ma u. h o ' o m a ' a . T o practice, gain experience or skill, become accustomed (less used than ho'oma'ama'a). 2. Sling, as made of coconut fiber, human hair, or aerial pandanus roots; to cast a stone in such a sling; string of a musical instrument (rare). 3. T o tie. Cf. kama'a.

i n - . Exclusiveness, only in first person dual and plural pronouns and possessives, maua, makou. m a . 1. At, in, on, beside, through; by means of, because of, in behalf of, according to. This very common particle is perhaps more specific than the similar i, at, in: it is written in the dictionary as a part of the following words: 'ane'i, hea, hope, kai, laila, lalo, luna, mult, 4o. With meaning "because" it is frequently followed by o, of. E noho ana ma Ulu-kou i Wai-kikl (For. 5:239), living at Ulu-kou place in Wai-kiki. Ma* ane'i, here. Afakai, at the sea, seaward. Mauka, inland, at the mountains. 'A'ole au i hele max ma ke 'ano ikaika, i hele mai au ma ka maka'ika'i (For. 5:507), I didn't come in an aggressive way, I came to sightsee. Ma o ivai 'oukou i pili ai? Through whom are you related? Kona make 'ana ma o Kawelo ala (For. 5:49), his death at the hands of Kawelo there. Ua hele mai au ma ona ala, I came for his sake. 2. Particle following names of persons: and company, and others, and wife, and associates. Ke ali'i ma, the chief and his retinue. Hina ma, Hina and the others; Hina and her husband, friends. Me a ma. they, m a . 1. Faded, wilted, stained, discolored, blushing; defeated; passed away, perished; to have lost a former attractiveness; to fade. -\/a wale, to fade quickly, as earthly glory. Ua ma ka mana'o kaumaha, the sad thoughts have faded away^ ho'oma. Causative/simulative. 2. Same as makahakaha, to clear. m & - . 1. Short for maka, eye, as in ho'oma'e, ma'eo, makahi, makole. 2. Short for maka, mesh,

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m&'«i. 1. Bad smelling. 2. Same as ma'a'a. M a ' a ' a . Name of a famous wind on Maui, m a ' a ' a . 1. T o reach out, as a baby or as an octopus. Cf. 'a'ama. 2. Goat's bleat; to bleat. M a ' a ' a - k u a - l a p u . Wind at Kaha-lu'u, Hawaii. (For, 5:93.) m a ' a a l a l o a . Slingshot; to shoot with sling (ma'a). Rare. M a ( a ' a - p a ' i m a l a u . Wind name. Lit., Portuguese man-of-war Ma'a'a. m a ' & ' e l e . Same as ma'e'ele. m a a h e . Var. spelling of mahe. - m & ' a k a ' a k a . j W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m & ' a k a ' a k a . Same as ho'omake'aka, to cause laughter, m a ' a k f l . T o sling with a sling and stone. Ua ma'aku aku laua i ka manu, they slung a stone at the bird with the sling.

200

—

— ma'alaea.

m a h a e

ma'awe'awe.

R e d color, red ocher color; stained

red, as with ocherous earth; red, as earth, m a ' a l a h i . Easy, simple. m a ' a l e a . Cunning, c r a f t , trickery, deceit; cunning, c r a f t y , artful, deceitful, shrewd; skillful; accustomed, skilled. (Ios. 9.4.) h o ' o m a ' a l e a . Causative/simulative, m a ' a l e a l e a . Redup. of ma'alea. m a ' a l e w a . 1. Aerial root or vine. ( U L 63.) 2. Surging, swinging, m & ' a l l . Same as md'ali. m a ' a l l l i . Cooled, of what has been hot, as f o o d ; abated, calmed, of anger, love, passion; blasted, of fruit ( A m . 4.9). Ka wa i ma'alili ai ka huhu (Eset. 2.1), when wrath had been appeased. t i o ' o m a ' a l l U . T o cause to cool; appease, soothe, quiet, p a c i f y , assuage anger or grief (Sol. 16.14). m a ' a l o . T o pass along, by, or alongside, as to o v e r t a k e and pass a car; to pass through, as land; to pass a w a y , as glory. (Dan. 4.31.) m a ' a l o a . A low n a t i v e shrub ( N e r u u d i a melastomaefolia), related t o the mamaki, and, like it, having strong bark formerly used f o r making tapa. Also called 'olna, ma'oloa. n i f t ' a l o ' a l o . Redup. of ma'alo; to pass to and fro, back and f o r t h ; to pass frequently. F o r example see panoanoa. m a ' a l o ' e l o ' e . Same as malo'elo'e. m a ' a m a ' a . R e d u p . of ma'a, 1; accustomed, experienced, used, n o ' o m a ' a m a ' a . Same as ho'oma'a; to practice, become accustomed, m a ' a m a ' a h l a . Passive/imperative of ma'ama'a. m a ' a m a ' a l e a . Redup. of ma'alea. He mau 'olelo ma'ama'alea, c r a f t y words, m a ' a m a ' a m a . Same as malamalama. m a ' a m a u . Usual, customary, regular, habitual, ordinary. Uku ma'amaii, customary fee. liana ma'amau, usual work. 'Olelo ma'amau, common word, h o ' o m a ' a m a u . T o become accustomed, familiar. m & ' a n a . Beginning. Obs. h o ' o m a ' a n a . Beginning. ( K e p . 175.) i n a ' a n e ' l . See 'ane'i. m & a n i a n i . 1. G e n t l e blowing of the wind. Fig., tranquility. 2. Var. spelling of maniani. m a ' a u . T o sprout, germinate, spread, especially of useless weeds; weeds. Fig., to g o f r o m place t o place, to gad about; rain belt in the upland forest (also ma'u). Cf. ma'au'auwa. Ka wao ma'au kele ( K L line 618), the upland damp region. - m a ' a u . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a ' a u . T o persecute, ofTend, injure, bully, tease, torment, m & ' a u a . 1. Same as 'a'aua, coarse. 2. Passive/ i m p e r a t i v e of -ma'au. Obs. m a ' a u ' a u . Poi calabash as used by poi peddlers. Cf. ma'au, going f r o m place to place, m a ' a u ' a u a . R e d u p . of ma'aua. m a ' a u ' a u w a . Peddler, merchant; to sell, trade, peddle.

R e d u p . of ma'awe;

streaked, as

with different colors, m a ' a w e l o l o a . L e n g t h w i s e strand, warp (Oihk. 13.48). Lit., long track, m a ' a w e p o k o p o k o . Transverse strand, woof (Oihk. 13.48). Lit., short track, m a ' a w e ' u l a . A red track, as in well-trod red earth. m a e . T o fade, wilt, wither, droop; partially dry, as clothes; to f a d e a w a y ( H a l . 18.45); to pine a w a y (Oihk. 26.39); t o waste a w a y , as with illness, h o ' o m a e . T o cause to wilt, f a d e ; to fade. - m i ' e . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a ' £ . Short for ho'omaka'e. m a e a . Stinking, as of unwashed bodies; malodorous, as a s w a m p ; ofTensive-smelling, as v o m i t . m 3 e a . 1. T o rise to the surface. 2. A v a r i e t y of taro. Hawaii. m a e a e a . 1. Redup. of maea and maea, 1.2. T o disregard. m a e a l a n i . T o get up, rise. E ala, e ho'oku, e maealani, get up, stand, rise, m a ' e ' e l e . N u m b , as a f o o t that has " g o n e to s l e e p " ; numb with cold or deeply m o v e d by l o v e ; shocked; stricken with fear, horror, grief; numb feeling during pregnancy. l i o ' o m a ' e ' e l e . T o cause numbness, shock, great love, m a ' e h a . Same as 'eha, pain, h o ' o m a ' e h a . Same as ho'o'eha. m a ' e h a ' e h a . Redup. of ma'eha; much pain, m a ' e l e . Same as ma'e'ele. h o ' o m a ' e l e . Causative/simulative, m a e m a e . R e d u p . of mae\ damp, as clothes suitable for ironing. I'a maemae, fish partially dried, much relished when cooked, m a ' e m a ' e . Clean, pure, attractive, chaste; cleanliness, purity. Ula'ema'e wale no 'o Kaua'i, hemolele wale i ka malie (song), perfectly beautiful is Kauai, flawless in the calm, h o ' o m a ' e m a ' e . T o clean, cleanse. 'Ao'ao ho'oma'ema'e, r e f o r m party, m a e m a e a . Same as maeaea. m f t ' e n o . Same as 'eno, wild, m a ' e n o ' e n o . Redup. of ma'eno. m a ' e o . Same as makd'eo. m a e w a . Swaying, swinging, as something with an anchored base, as seaweed, hair, leaves; fluttering; wandering, unstable. Maew_a lani, swinging in the air. 1 hea 'oe i hele maewa aku nei? W h e r e did you go wandering? m a ' e w a . Reproachful, scornful, mocking, mimicking in a nasty w a y , sneering; scorned, abused, desecrated, h o ' o m a ' e w a . T o reproach, sneer at, mimic, ridicule, desecrate, m a e w a e w a . Redup. of maewa. Hulu maewaewa, fluttering feathers, m a ' e w a ' e w a . Redup. of ma'ewa. ho'oma'ew a ' e w a . R e d u p . of ho'oma'ewa-, to purge oneself of the effects of black magic by performing a prescribed humiliating ceremony, as walking about naked, m a b a . l . T e m p l e , side of the head. (Lunk. 4.21.) 2. Gill plate of a fish. 3. W i n g s of a flying fish. 4. Preputium, foreskin. 5. L o w e r portion of a canoe manu. 6. Rest, repose; f r e e d o m f r o m pain; at ease. See mahamaha, 2. h o ' o m a h a . Vacation; rest in music; t o t a k e a rest or vacation; to retire, stop w o r k ; to obtain relief. Ua ho'omaha na kula, the schools are having a vacation. Ho'omaha 'ia mai au i ku'u ha'awe, I a m relieved of m y burden. 7. Severed portion. Cf. maha la'au, mahamaha, maha 'o'o. 8. Same as mahamoe, 1. 9. Same as mahana, twin. Maha pu'u, twin hills, m a h a . N e t mesh large enough to a d m i t the entrance of four fingers; net of such a mesh, m a h a e . 1. T o tear, split, separate. Mahae lua, t o split in two. Ua mahae ka pili o kela pa'a male, that couple has separated; lit., the association of that married couple is split. 2. A fish,

m a ' a u e . R a r e var. of malauea, lazy, m a ' a u e a , m a ' a u w e a . 1. Passive/imperative of -ma'auwe. Ho'oma'aka'aka ma'auea ( L a i e 465), mocking laughter, h o ' o m & ' a u e a . T o laugh at, ridicule, m o c k ; to disregard. 2. Same as manauea, a taro. 3. P l a n t listed by K a m a k a u as used f o r tapa. m a ' a ' u l a ' u l a . R e d clay as used in coloring, - m a ' a u w e . ( W i t h ho'o-) ho'oma'auwe. To mimic speech in a nasty way, to mock, annoy thus. m a ' a u w e a . V a r . spelling of ma'auea. m a ' a w e . 1. Fiber, thread, strand, as of a spider web; f a i n t f o o t p r i n t ; to tread, track, f o l l o w , as a trail; small, narrow, thin, as of a fiber; weak, sickly. F o r example see puahilohilo. Ma'awe ala, faint path or track; fig., departure of the soul after death, h o ' o m a ' a w e . T o m a k e a tracing; footprint, track, slight path; t o m a k e small fibers or threads. 2. A variety of taro.

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— mähaehae said t o b e l o n g t o t h e lali-pala group. 3. Not mesh, a b o u t f o u r inches and above, between maha a n d malewa. m S h a e h a e . R e d u p . of mahae, 1\ t o t e a r t o shreds. m a h a h a . A surgeonfish (Acanthuridae). m a h a h a . Soft, tender, weak; soft and mealy, as a b a k e d p o t a t o , h o ' o m a h & h a . T o p r e p a r e soil f o r g a r d e n i n g , t o m a k e e a r t h s o f t a n d fine, m a h a h f t . D r y a n d h a r d , a s poi m a d e of p o o r quality taro. - m a h a h f t . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a h a h a . T o p l a c e t a r o tops together until t h e y begin to s p r o u t and are ready for planting (perhaps a contract i o n of ho'omaka haha, t o s t a r t s t e m s ) , m a h a h a - ' u l a ' u l a . A v a r i e t y of t a r o . m a h a i . A v a r i e t y of ulua, a fish, m & h a ' i h a ' l . S a m e a s ha'iha'i, b r i t t l e , m a h a k e a . 1. O n c e u n c u l t i v a t e d l a n d , as f o r b a n a n a s , s w e e t p o t a t o , t a r o . Cf. kumahakea. 2 . A v a r i e t y of_ t a r o . 3 . A v a r i e t y of k a v a , u s u a l l y called makea. m a h a l f t ' a u . C l u m p of t r e e s . Cf. maha 'ulu, c l u m p of b r e a d f r u i t t r e e s , m & h a l o . 1. T h a n k s , g r a t i t u d e ; t o t h a n k . Alahalo nui loa, t h a n k y o u v e r y m u c h . 2 . A d m i r a t i o n , p r a i s e ; t o a d m i r e , p r a i s e . 'O wan no me ka mahalo, I a m , [yours] r e s p e c t f u l l y . Ka me.a i mahalu 'ia, Mr. Paki, t h e e s t e e m e d M r . P a k i . m a h a l u a . S a m e as maha'oi b u t s t r o n g e r : r u d e , s a u c y , o v e r b e a r i n g ; e n c r o a c h i n g on t h e p r o p e r t y or r i g h t s of o t h e r s . Lit., d o u b l e t e m p l e , m a h a m a h a . 1. Gill p l a t e . 2 . R e d u p . of maha, 6, t o r e s t , s t o p . ( L a i e 463.) 3 . T o show o r feel p l e a s u r e , love, a f f e c t i o n ; a f f e c t i o n a t e . Ka pili mahamaha, affectionate relationship, h o ' o m a h a i n a h a . C a u s a t i v e / s i m u l a t i v e . 4 . R e d u p . of maha, 7. 5 . A v a r i e t y of t a r o , s o m e t i m e s q u a l i fied by ke'oke'o, white, m a h a m a h a o ' o . R e d u p . of mahao'o. m a h a m a h a ' 0 * 0 . R e d u p . of maha 'o'o. m a h a m c a . N a m e of a d e e p - s e a fish, said t o b e s t r i p e d (no d a t a ) , m a h a m o e . 1 . A t t r a c t i v e , sleek, as a p l u m p a n i m a l ; s m o o t h . Obs. He kai mahamoe (For. 6:297), a s m o o t h sea. 2 . A n e d i b l e b i v a l v e (no data). m a h a n a . 1. W a r m t h ; w a r m . Cf. hahana, pumehana. h o ' o m a l l a n a . T o w a r m , c r e a t e w a r m t h , h e a t . ( P P N mafana, P M P panas.) 2 . R e s t . Cf. maha, 6. h o ' o m a h a n a . V a c a t i o n , r e s t . 3 . S a m e a s mahina, p l a n t a t i o n . 4 . A class of chiefs, m & h a n a . 1. T w i n s ; d o u b l e ; h a v i n g t w o b r a n c h e s or f o r k s . Afdhana lua na kukui ( U L 130), t h e t o r c h l i g h t s a r e d o u b l e fsaid of o n e d r u n k w i t h kava]. ( P P N masanga, P M P pasang.) 2 . (Cap.) C a s t o r a n d _ P o l l u x . _ Also called Na-hoku-mahana, Na-mahoe, Nana-hope, Nana-mua. m & h a n a h a n a . 1. R e d u p . of mahana, 1; s m a r t ing, p a i n f u l ; u n p l e a s a n t o d o r , a s of flatulency; l u k e w a r m . Ka pa'i mahanahana, a slap t h a t smarts, h o ' o m a h a n a h a n a . To make warm, h e a t . 2 . R e d u p . of mahana, 2. h o ' o m & h a n a h a n a . T o relax r i g o r of t a b o o d u r i n g a l o n g rigorous session. ( M a l o 160, 176.)

-mahanahana.

m a h a ' ö ' t f . Piece of s w e e t p o t a t o b r o k e n off b y t h e 'o'o, digging s t i c k . S a m e a s t h e m o r e c o m m o n ku'o'ö. m a h a p e p e . I 3 r o a d - b r o w e d . Lit., flat b r o w . M a h a - p i l i . N a m e of t w i n s t a r s (no d a t a ) , m a h a ' u l u . d r o v e or c l u m p of b r e a d f r u i t t r e e s , m a h a w e l a . A v a r i e t y of fish (no d a t a ) . ( M a l o 46.) m a h a w e l e . S a m e as nahauele, a b i v a l v e , m ä h e , m a a h e . T o g r o w less d i s t i n c t a n d f a d e o u t , as t h e s o u n d of a voice or a wisp of s m o k e ,

m a h e a . See hea, 5, where,

m ä h c a . H a z y , as m o o n l i g h t . M ä h e a - l a n i . S i x t e e n t h d a y of t h e l u n a r m o n t h , n i g h t of t h e full m o o n , m a h e h a . S a m e as hcha, i n d o l e n t , m ä h e l a h e l a . C l e a r l y s h o w i n g , as g r a i n of wood, m ä h e l e . 1. P o r t i o n , division, d e p a r t m e n t , p r e c i n c t ; s h a r e , as of s t o c k s ; m e a s u r e in m u s i c ; l a n d division of 18 IS; p a r t , as of t h e b o d y : s e c t i o n ( m i l i t a r y , see mokuna): d e n o m i n a t o r , in f r a c t i o n s ; t o d i v i d e , a p p o r t i o n , c u t into_ p a r t s . Jlo'ailona Aiahele lua, t o d i v i d e i n t o t w o p a r t s . mahele, m e a s u r e s i g n a t u r e in m u s i c , h o ' o m ä h e l e . T o h a v e a d i v i s i o n m a d e , etc. 2 . T o t r a n s late, interpret, - m ä h e l e . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m ä h e l e . T o l e a d c o n v e r s a t i o n t o w a r d s a t o p i c . 'O 'Alamila e ho'omahele ma kona kama'ilio 'ana no na mea e pili ana no 'Enelani, A l m i r a in h e r c h a t t i n g led t h e conversation to things pertaining to England, m ä h e l e h a n a . D u t y ; work s e c t i o n , m ä h e l e h e l e . R e d u p . of mähele. m ä h e l e l ä ' a u . P o r t i o n of m e d i c i n e , dose,

mähele manawa.

Division of time, as of a

fiscal p e r i o d , m ä h e l e 'ölelo. Interpreter, translator; to translate, interpret, m ä h e l u . T o dig, r a k e , s c r a t c h t h e e a r t h ; t o s p r e a d loose s o f t e a r t h o v e r a t a r o p a t c h a f t e r t h e b o t t o m has been pounded hard to m a k e it impervious, m a h e n a . H e a p , pile, as of t r a s h . Obs. m a h e u . 1. R a r e v a r . of meheu, t r a c k . 2 . T o dig a n d r a k e t h e e a r t h , as f o r p l a n t i n g . E maheu a'e ana i kcia pu'u e kann 'uala, p r e p a r i n g t h e soil in t h i s hill f o r p l a n t i n g s w e e t p o t a t o e s . 3 . K i n d of p o r o u s s t o n e , u s e d t o r u b , scour, polish. m a h l . 1. T o c u l t i v a t e , f a r m ; a f a r m , p l a n t a t i o n . Cf. mahi'ai, mahiku, mahina, mahina'ai. Mahi fco, s u g a r p l a n t a t i o n . 2 . S t r o n g , e n e r g e t i c , a s a w o r k e r . Moa mahi, fighting cock, m a h l ' a l . 1. F a r m e r ; t o f a r m , c u l t i v a t e ; a g r i c u l t u r a l . 'Oihana mahi'ai, agricultural industry. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r , m ä h l e . Delightful, charming, pleasant, h o ' o m ä h l e . Delightful, charming; to cast shy g l a n c e s , a s of a c o y c h i l d , m ä h l e h i e . R e d u p . of mähie. m ä h l h l . 1 . S a m e as maihi. 2 . S a m e a s mahimahi, dolphin, m a h i h l k i . R e d u p . of mahiki. m a h l ' l l l . T o p l u n d e r t h o r o u g h l y ; t o t a k e all, as a chief t a k i n g all t h e p r o p e r t y of h i s s u b j e c t s . Lit., d i g s k i n . m a h l k ä k ä . S a m e a s hikäkä, t o reel, s t a g g e r . Rare. m a h l k l . 1. T o j u m p , leap, h o p , m o v e u p a n d down, vibrate: to spatter; to teeter, seesaw; to w e i g h , a s on scales; a seesaw, h o ' o m a h i k l * T o c a u s e t o l e a p , j u m p , etc. ( P M P fiti, PMP piTik.) 2 . T o c a s t o u t spirits, exorcise, e s p e c i a l l y w i t h t h e mahiki s h r i m p s . 3 . A n y k i n d of s h r i m p used ceremoniously. 4. Same as 'aki'aki, a grass u s e d t o exorcise evil spirits, e s p e c i a l l y w h e n s h r i m p s a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e . 5 . T o p r y ; peel off, a s a s c a b ; t o a p p e a r . Mahiki ka la i ka Hlikai,

(With fco'o-) h o ' o m & h a n a -

h a n a . T o d e d i c a t e , a s a t e m p l e (For. 4 . 1 8 1 ) ; t o o f f e r first f r u i t s t o t h e gods, m & h a n a k a n a l o a . N a m e for large food calabash (root u n k n o w n ) , m & h a n a p u ' u . D o u b l e peak, twin peaks, m & h a n l . 1. D u l l . 2 . T o lessen, of h e a t , m & h a o . 1 . P i t h . 2 . R o t t e n , h o l l o w , as w o o d . Obs. Cf. popopo. m a h a ' o h a ' o . S a m e a s ha'oha'o, s t r a n g e , m a h a ' o i . Bold, i m p e r t i n e n t , nervy, forward, p r e s u m p t u o u s , b r a z e n . Lit., s h a r p t e m p l e , m a h a o ' o . M a t u r e , in w i s d o m ; wise; wise p e r s o n . Lit., m a t u r e t e m p l e . m a h a - ' O ' O . A fish of t h e 'ahi t y p e . —

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m a h u w a

m & h o l e h o l e . R e d u p . of mahole.

t h e sun came f o r t h on t h e horizon. 6. Same as 4 uku-kai, a sand hopper. 7. A variety of taro. m & h i k i h i k i . 1. R e d u p . of mahiki, i , Z, 5. 2. S a m e as mahiki, 4. 3. Stone, as used for adze. Also called makai'a. m a h i k i n a l a . Crack of dawn, m a h i k i - o - k a - l u a - k a n a k a . Hold in lua fighting. m a h i k Q . To clear land for planting; p l a n t a t i o n clearing not yet planted. Obs. m a h i l i . l . Same as hili, to deviate. ATahiti ho'i kana mo'olelo, how his story meanders. 2. To s t r i p away property, m a h l l o a . D i s t a n t , far (perhaps contraction of ma kahi loa, a t far place), - m a h l l u . (With ho'o-) l i o ' o m a h i l u . To beautify, adorn, bedeck. Cf. hiluhilu. m a h l m a h i . Dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), a g a m e fish up to Ave feet long, popular for food, l n a h i n a . 1. Moon, m o n t h ; moonlight. Mahina meli, honeymoon. 2. Crescent-shaped fishhook. 3. E y e of t h e snail at t h e end of its horn. 4. F a r m , p l a n t a t i o n , patch. 5. A variety of onion, similar to silver onion. 6. A variety of sweet potato. m a h l n a ' a i . Same as mahi'ai; f a r m , to f a r m ,

Mahomeka, Mahometa. Mohammed; Mo-

h a m m e d a n . Eng. m a h o p e . See hope, a f t e r . - m a h u . (With ho'o-) h o ' o m a h u . T o e a t j u s t a little to allay hunger, as while waiting for a feast. m a h u . 1. Steam, vapor; to steam, exude vapor. Lola mahu hana alanui, steam roller for streets, h o ' o m a h u . T o create s t e a m ; to cook or soften food by s t e a m ; to steam. 2. Same as 'Slapa, trees. m a h Q . Weak, flat, as diluted k a v a or stale beer; insipid, as fresh poi kept too long in t h e icebox; quiet, peaceful, undisturbed. 06s. Cf. mahumahu. m a h Q . Homosexual, of either sex; h e r m a p h r o dite. h o ' o m a h O . T o behave like a homosexual or hermaphrodite, rnahua. Mockery, derision, spying (rarely used without ho'o-). h o ' o m a h u a . To mock (Hal. 2.4); to spy, watch, as a c a t watching a mouse, m a h u a . Increase, growth; to increase, thrive, multiply, flourish (less used t h a n mahuahua). h o ' o m a l l l i a . To increase, expand, enlarge, multiply, grow. Ho'omahua i kona waiivai, t o increase its value, wealth. Ho'omahua ke aniani ho'onui 'ike i ka pupu, t h e microscope magnifies t h e shell. m a h u a h u a . R e d u p . o f m a h u a: to grow strong, as a ruler. I mea e mahuahua ai ka maika'i o ke mele 'ana, in order to increase t h e b e a u t y of t h e song. m a h u a k a l a . Disbelieving, sceptical, as of religion; atheistic, h o ' o m a h u a k a l a . To show disbelief. scepticism; to ridicule, mock, as beliefs. I l i a h u ' e . To open, as a box; to t a k e out, remove, as gear. m a h u ' e . Same as mahuka 'e, to flee beforehand,

m a h i n a liapalua hope. Waning of the moon. Lit., last half of the moon.

mahina hapalua m u a . Waxing of the moon.

Lit., first half of t h e moon, m a h l n a h l n a . Pale moonlight, m a h i n a h o u . 1. New moon, new month. 2. C h u r c h offering on t h e first Sunday of t h e m o n t h , of Congregationalists. m a h i n a - k e h a u . A variety of sweet potato, m a h l n a - l u a . A small creeping native fern (Polypodium pseudogrammitis) with simple narrow f r o n d s two inches long or longer, each bearing none to many round fruit dots,

mahuea. Gas.

mahina plha. Full moon.

m a h u ' e h u ' e . R e d u p . of mahu'e. m a l l l l ' I . To guess, suppose, surmise, expect. 'Ike mahu'i, to c a t c h a glimpse of. Lohe mahu'i, t o hear a hint or rumor without much detail; t o have heard rarely. For example see ulua. m a h u ' i . T o imitate, ape, p a t t e r n a f t e r , do as, follow after. Mahu'i lani (UL 56), royal imitation. said of t h e right hand in dancing, as this h a n d always m a d e m o v e m e n t s first. Po'e kumu la, i ho'omahu'i 'ia ai e kela po'e (1 Pet. 5.3), teachers i m i t a t e d by t h a t people, m a h u ' l h u ' l . R e d u p . of mahu'i and mahu'i.

m a h i n a p o e p o e . Full moon. Lit., round moon, m & h i n u . 1. Same as hinu, r u b b e d , anointed, polished. 2. P a r t l y cooked, as Chinese vegetables; beginning to cook, as lu'au leaves t h a t are getting greener and softer, m a h l o l e . F e a t h e r helmet, helmet; to wear a helmet. 'Oki mahiole, a haircut with crest of hair left down t h e middle of t h e head,

mahlole haka. See haka, 3.

m a h l ' o p u . 1. Bold, rude. Obs. 2. To dig, as with a pickax. Obs. m a h l p u a . Flower garden or p a t c h ; horticulture, m a h l w a e n a . Weed cultivator; to cultivate and weed. Lit., weeding farm, m a h l w a i n a . Vineyard; grape raiser; to cultiv a t e grapes. m a h o a . T o travel together in c o m p a n y , as canoes. Na wa'a e mahoa aku ana, canoes traveling together. Cf. hoa, companion, m a h o ' a . Thick, as a cloud. Maui. m a h o e . 1. Twins. 2. Two native trees (Alectryon macrococcum a n d A. mahoe), related to t h e soapberry and t h e litchi; t h e y h a v e c o m p o u n d leaves and globose, brown, twinned or single fruits. (Neal 466.) Also called 'ala'ala-hua. m a h o e h o e . Same as ma'ohe'ohe, tall. Rare. M a h o e - h o p e . M o n t h in t h e old calendar, t h e eleventh (Hawaii) or seventh (Oahu, Kauai). (Malo 33.) Lit., last twin. M a h o e - m u a . M o n t h in t h e old calendar, t h e t e n t h (Hawaii) or sixth (Oahu, Kauai). (Malo 33.) Lit., first-born of twins, m a h o l a . T o spread o u t ; t o s m o o t h out, as a cloth to d r y ; t o extend, expand. Mahola a'ela ka 'dpu o ka 'upena, t h e bag of t h e net opened out. m a h o l a h o l a . R e d u p . of mahola. m & h o l e . To bruise, skin, scrape, as a flesh w o u n d ; to injure, as t h e feelings. Cf. hole, peeled.

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m a h u ' i lani. See mahu'i.

m a h u k a . T o r u n away, flee, escape, elope, m a h u k a h u k a . R e d u p . of mahuka. m a h u k a l l o a . Same as 'a'au loa. See 'a'au. (Malo 59.) m a h u l l . Same as huli, t o seek. m a h u l u . S a m e as pahulu, 1. m a h u l u k f l . Aerial roots of p a n d a n u s or other tree, as t h e b a n y a n . See also ule hala, uleule. m a h f i m a h f l . R e d u p . of mahu (commonly said of tasteless poi). m a h u n a . 1. Scaly a p p e a r a n c e of t h e skin, as resulting f r o m excessive k a v a drinking; t o scale thus. 2 . Fine scented t a p a dyed with noni bark, m a d e under strict t a b o o and reserved for chiefs; used for t h e best pa'u (sarongs) on Hawaii. (For. 5:231.) 3 . Var. of mahune, 2. 4. A variety of taro. m a h u n e . 1. Poor, d e s t i t u t e . 2. Small particle; fine. 3. Barely; with difficulty, m a h u n e h u n e . R e d u p . of mahune, 1, 2, 3. Pakele mahunehune mai ka make mai, barely escaping f r o m d e a t h . m a h Q w a . S a m e as huwa, envy. h o ' o m a h Q w a . T o bring b a d luck, misfortune; t o a n n o y , distress, h a r m . Ho'omahuwa i na hoa noho, t o mistreat t h e people one lives with. He ho'ailona ho'omahuwa ka makapa'a, a one-eyed person is a sign of bad luck.

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m a i

m a t . 1. Direction towards the speaker. See Gram. 2.3, 4.5. Come, come here; say, give (used without particles). Hele mai, come (cf. hele aku, go). Ha'aui mai, give me. Mai ho'i kauwahi wai, give me a little water. Mai e 'ai, come and eat. ( I ' P N mai, P M P malii ,)2. Also m a i . . . m a i . From. Alai Hilo mai ka lei, the lei is from Hilo. Mai 'o a 'o, f r o m there to there, f r o m one point to another. Mai ia Maui, from Maui. Mai hea mai 'oe? Where did you come from? 3. Almost, nearly, as though. Mai ho'oku'i 'ia au e ke ka'a, I was almost hit by the car. Mai 'ike 'ole 'ia no! [He] was hardly seen at all [said sarcastically of a show-off], Mai replaces ina ua after an if clause, and seems to mean " t h e n " : I ho'olohe 'ia e 'oe, mai (ina va) maika'i kau hana, if you had listened, then your work would have been good. 4. Particle of negative command. Don't. Mai 'ai 'oe, don't eat. m a i . T o chew fine, soften, masticate; laceration in childbirth. Obs. m a ' i . 1. Patient, sick person; sickness, disease; sick, ill, menstruating. Ma'i na loko. inside sickness. i.e., caused by family trouble,s. AUt'i 7ia uaho mai, sickness from outside, i.e., caused by sorcery, h o ' o m a ' l . T o cause sickness; to feign sickness. 2. Genitals. Mele ma'i, song in honor of genitals, as of a chief, as composed on his or her birth. He ma'i no ka lani, a genital song in honor of the high chief, m a i ' a . All kinds of bananas. Originally the banana was introduced by the Hawaiians, and native varieties were developed, some of which are still used. When the white man came, about seventy different kinds were known; today, only about half that number. These are mainly subspecies and varieties of Musa paradisiaca, especially of the subspecies sapientum. Some kinds are eaten raw, others cooked. (Neal 212.) Pala ka mai'a, the bananas are ripe |a rude expression meaning worthless, since dreaming of bananas was thought to precede bad fortune], m a l ' a - ' a ' a o . Tall, wild bananas, m a l ' a - a ' e a ' e . Same as mai'a-koa'e. Lit., prematurely gray banana, m a ' t - ' a ' a l . A spreading sore; cancer, m a l ' a - a k u a . Maui name for mai'a-Polapola. Lit., god banana. ( H P 177.) m a i ' a - ' a n o ' a i i o . A variety of banana with seeds. Lit., seeded banana, m a l ' a - ' a u - l e n a . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana. ( H P 177.) Lit., yellow-stem banana, m a l ' a - ' e k a . A Hawaiian variety of banana; fruit with skin changing f r o m red to green to yellow, edible when cooked. ( H P 173.) Lit., discolored banana, m a i ' a - ' e k e - ' u l a . All ancient Hawaiian variety of banana. m a i ' a - ' e l e ' e l e . A Hawaiian variety of mountain banana with black trunk, the skin of which is used to make designs in mats. T h e fruit has orange flesh, which is edible when cooked. Also called mai'a-hinu-pua'a, mai'a-poni, mai'aPuna. ( H P 173.) Lit., black banana, m a i ' a - h a ' a , m a i ' a - h a ' a h a ' a . A Hawaiian variety of banana, with short trunk and leaves, but taller than mai'a-Pake. T h e fruit is yellow, edible raw or cooked. ( H P 175.) Lit., low banana, m a i ' a - h a i k e a . A Hawaiian variety of banana that bears yellow fruit, edible raw or cooked. ( H P 175.) Lit., pale banana, ( H P 177.) m a i ' a - h a k e a . Same as mai'a-'ohe. Lit., whitish banana. m a l ' a - h & p a i . A Hawaiian variety of banana of medium height, the fruit maturing within the trunk. T h e fruits are small, ten or fewer in a bunch, yellow, sweet, edible raw. ( H P 175; Neal 213.) Also called mai'a-hua-waena. m a i ' a - h e ' i . Same as mai'a-Polapola. (Neal 213.) Fe'i is the Tahitian name. i n a l ' a - h i l a h l l a . Same as mai'a-iho-lena. (HP 175.) Lit., bashful banana.

— m a i ' a - h i n u - p u a ' a . Same as mui'a-'ele'e',e. ( H P 173.) Lit., hog's-grease banana, m a l ' a - h u a - l u a . Same as mai'a-mahoe. (HP 176.) Lit., bearing two bunches, twin banana, m a i ' a - h u a m o a . Same as mai'a-moa. ( H P 176.) Lit., egg banana. m a i ' a - l i u a - n u i . A variety of banana. Lit., bigfruited banana, m a i ' a - h u a - w a e n a . Same as mai'a-hapai. (HP 175.) Lit., central fruit banana, m a ' i a h u l a u . Epidemic, pestilence, m a ' i - ' a i - a k e . Tuberculosis. Lit., lung-eating sickness. m a i ' a - i h o - l e n a . A Hawaiian variety of banana, popular and common. T h e trunk is green, purple, and pink. Fruits are salmon-pink, edible raw or cooked. Also called mai'a-hilahihi. (HP 175.) Lit., yellow-cored banana, m a i ' a - i h u - ' n . A Hawaiian variety of banana, growing wild on Kauai and Hawaii, rarely cultivated. T h e fruit is yellow, edible only when cooked. ( H P 175.) Lit., snub-nosed banana, m a i ' a - k a h i k i . A variety of banana growing wild on Maui, rarely cultivated. T h e trunk is tall; the fruit long, skin yellow, flesh white and edible only when cooked. ( H P 175.) Lit., foreign or Tahitian banana, m a i ' a - k a i l i k i - h a e . A Hawaiian variety of banana. similar to mai'a-kahiki, but having a short trunk. ( H P 175.) m a i ' a - k a h i k i - m a i e i . Same as mai'a-malei. ( H P 176.) m a l ' a - k a h l k i - n i a u k i . A Hawaiian variety of banana with tall, green trunk. T h e fruit looks like mai'a-kahiki. ( H P 175.) m a i ' a - k a h i k i - p Q h i . Same as mai'a-puhi. (HP 177.) m a l ' a - k a ' i o . Same as mai'a-popa-'ulu. ( H P 177.) m a i ' a - K i l n e . An Oahu name for mai'a-Polapola. ( H P 177.) m a i ' a - k & p u a . Same as mai' a-popo-' ulu-puapuanui. ( H P 177.) m a l ' a - k a u a - l a u . A Hawaiian variety of banana. Fruit like that of mai'a-maoli, except that the young, dark-green fruit has light-green spots like raindrops; when ripe, yellow, waxy, with flesh light-yellow, good only when baked. ( H P 175.) Lit., many rain drops banana. m a i ' a - K a u p O . Same as mai'a-uai-muhea. (HP 177.) m a i ' a - k o a ' e . A Hawaiian variety of banana, beautifully striped leaves, trunk, and young fruit. Fruit is yellow and round; flesh yellow, edible cooked or raw. Also called mai'a-a'ea'e, mai'a-nianini. ( I I P 177.) Lit., tropic bird banana. m a i ' a - k o a n a . A Hawaiian seed-producing variety of banana. Also called 'opule. M a l a k o . Stars in the belt of Orion, m a i ' a - l a h i . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana. Lit., delicate banana. m a i ' a - I e l e . A common wild Hawaiian variety of banana of the uplands; trunk tall, yellowishgreen; fruit yellow; flesh pink, edible raw or cooked, good for piepiele. R o o t of shoot used in medicine. T h e fruit was commonly offered to gods, the tree planted to shelter the altar. I t was planted far from a dwelling house, for fear it would cause the occupants to lele ( f l y ) elsewhere. ( H P 176.) Lit., altar banana, m a ' i - a l i ' i . Royal disease, leprosy, m a i ' a - l i k o . Same as mai'a-Polapola. ( H P 177.) Lit., bud banana. m a i a l i l e . Quiet, calm, still. Same as malie, Rare. m a i ' a - l o h a . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana; trunk and leaf like mai'a-lele, fruit like mai'a-iho-lena. ( H P 177.) Lit., droopy banana, m a i ' a - m & h o e . A Hawaiian variety of banana, the stem bearing two bunches; fruit small, yel-

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m a ' I' I' l

low, flesh light salmon and very palatable. Also called mai' a-hua-lua, mai'a-mana-lua, mai'a-pa!ua. (HP 176.) Lit., twin banana, m a i ' a - m & l a i - ' u l a . Same as mai'a-malei-'ula. (HP 176.) m a i ' a - m & l e i . A Hawaiian variety of banana; trunk green and pink, streaked with brown; fruit like mai'a-puhi. Also called mai'a-kahikimalei. (HP 176.) I l i a i ' a - m a l e i - ' u l a . A Hawaiian variety of banana, common both cultivated and wild in the uplands. Fibers of the stalk are used for stringing_ flowers for leis with a coconut-leaf needle (manai). Ripening fruit changes from maroon i'ula) to green to yellow; the flesh is orange, edible only when cooked. Also calle-d mai'amalai-' ula, mai'a-manei-'ula, mai'a-manai-' ula. (HP 176.) m a i ' a - m & n a l - ' u l a . Same as mai'a-malei-'ula. (HP 176.) m a i ' a - m a n a - l u a . Same as mai'a-mahoe. (IIP 176.) Lit., two-branched banana, m a i ' a - m a n t n i . Same as mai'a-koa'e. (HP 176.) Lit., manini (lish) banana. m a i ' a - m a o l i . A Hawaiian variety of banana, growing in uplands and lowlands. It has a green trunk, large leaves. T h e fruit is long, waxyyellow, and has yellow flesh, edible raw or cooked. (HP 176.) Lit., indigenous banana, m a i ' a - m o a . A Hawaiian variety of banana with a tall, yellowish-green trunk. T h e fruit is large, somewhat egg-shaped, and yellow; the flesh yellow, edible raw or cooked. Also called mai'ahuamoa. (1IP 170.) Lit., chicken banana, n i a l ' a - n o ' u . A Hawaiian variety of banana, usually cultivated; the trunk green, with pink and brown markings; fruit short, thick, yellow, the flesh cream-colored, edible raw or cooked. (HP 177.) Lit., short banana or big-mouthful banana.

m a i ' a - p O - l u a . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana. (HP 177.) m a i ' a - p o n i . Same as mai'a-'ele'ele. (HP 175.) Lit., purple banana, m a i ' a - p d p o - ' u l u . A Hawaiian variety of banana, with short, green trunk; one of two varieties not taboo to women in old times; the root of young plants used medicinally. Fruit is rounded and yellow, the flesh salmon-pink, edible raw but preferred baked. (HP 177.) Lit., breadfruit L ball-like banana. Also called mai'aka'io, popo-'ulu. m a i ' a - p o p O - ' u l u - ' i l l - l a h l . S a m e as mai'apopb-'ulu-lahi. (HP 177.) Lit., thin-skinned popo-'ulu. m a i ' a - p f t p o - ' i i l u - p u a p u a - n u i . A Hawaiian variety of banana, resembling mai'a-iho-lena, but the fruit broad-tipped. Also called mai'akapua. (HP 177.) Lit., big-tailed popo-'ulu banana. m a i ' a - p u a p u a - n u l . A Hawaiian variety of banana. (HP 178.) Lit., big-tailed banana. m a l ' a - p Q h i . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana with green and brown trunk. T h e fruit is twisted when young; when ripe long, thick, yellow, the flesh yellow and edible only when cooked. Also called mai'a-kahiki-puhi. (HP 177.) Lit., insipid-water banana. m a l ' a - P u n a . New name for mai'a-'ele'ele. Lit., Puna banana, m a l a u . Neat and careful in work; skillful, ingenious, expert; correct, careful, as in speech; thorough. For example see pololei, 2. m a T a w a . Sterile; sterility. I.it., sour genitalia, i n a ' i - ' a w a . A hold in lua fighting, m a i ' a - w a l - m t t h e a . An ancient variety of Hawaiian banana. Also called mai'a- Kaupo. (HP 177.) Lit., insipid water banana, m a l e l e . 1. Same as pukiaue, shrubs. 2 . Eloquence, skill in speaking; eloquent; skilled in asking questions to puzzle and confuse. Obs. m a ' l - ' e l e p a n l . Elephantiasis. Lit., elephant (Eng.) sickness. I l i a l e w a . 1. Same as mdewa. 2. Deep-sea fishing net. Also ho'olewalewa. Obs. m a ' l h a . Energetic, persevering. Obs. m S ' i h a ' l h a . Redup. of ma'iha. m a ' i l i e . Same as 'ihn'iha, pu'u mimi. m a ' i - I I e p e l a ( H e b e r a ) . Smallpox. Lit., Hebrew disease. m a l h i . T o peel; strip, as bark. Cf. ihi. Maihi 'Hi, to peel off the skin; fig., to strip a person of all he has. Maihi ola, to escape by the skin of one's teeth; to barely escape; lit., to scrape life, m a ' i - h i l o . Venereal disease, gonorrhea. Lit., braiding disease, m a ' i - h o h o l a . Heart failure. Rare. m a i h o ' l k a u . Intensifier of ho'ikau (usually written as three words), m a ' l - h o l e . A small holothurian. Lit., pulledback foreskin, m a ' l h o l u . Same as 'a'awa, a fish. Rare. m a ' l - h o ' o k a ' a w a l e . Leprosy. Lit., separation disease, m a l h u a . A variety of taro. m a ' l h u ' i - k e ' o k e ' o . A variety of sweet potato, m a ' l h u ' l - ' u l a ' u l a . A variety of sweet potato, m a ' l - h u k i . Convulsion, fit. Lit., pulling disease, m a l h u l i . Presents made at the birth of a child. Obs. m i ' l ' t . 1. Short for ma'i'i'i. 2 . T o sprout; to begin to open, as flower petals. m S ' I ' I . Fatigue and backache. Obs. m a ' i ' i ' i . 1. A fish, called by some the young of the pualu (surgeon) and by others a distinct species of the genus Acanthurus. 2 . A variety of taro. m a ' P I ' I . Redup. of ma'i'i. Obs.

m a i ' a - N t l h f t l a n l . A variety of introduced banana cultivated by Hawaiians for many generations. The; trunk is tall, green; the fruit yellow, edible raw or cooked. (HP 178.) M a i a o . Name of a star used in navigation, m a l ' a o . Nail of finger or toe; hoof of an animal; claw of a bird, m a i ' a - ' o a . Probably a distinct species of Hawaiian banana, according to W. T . Pope, being unique in producing fertile seeds. Trunk and leaves dull-green, tinted with bronze and purple; fruit inedible. (HP 177.) Also called hao, 'oa, poni. m a i ' a - ' o h e . An ancient Hawaiian variety of banana. Also called mai'a-hakea. (HP 177.) Lit., bamboo banana. m a i ' a - P a k v . T h e Chinese banana ( \ f u s a nana, synonym M. cavendishii), a stocky tree to seven feet high, a native of southern China, brought in 1855 to Hawaii from Tahiti. It bears heavy crops of fruit, and is the only kind of banana raised in Hawaii for export. (Neal 210.) m a i ' a - p a - l u a . Same as mai'a-mahoe. (HP 176.) Lit., banana in pairs. m a i a p i l o . A low, smooth shrub ( C a p p a r i s sandwichiana) with vinelike branches, a member of the caper family, growing on some beaches and lava flows of Hawaii and some other Pacific islands; leaves rounded-oblong; flowers white, pea-shaped, two inches long, with four petals surrounding a mass of long white stamens, open and fragrant only at night. (Neal 318.) Also called pilo, pua-pilo. m a i ' a - P o l a p o l a . A species of banana ( M u s a troglodytarum, synonym M. fehi) recently introduced to Hawaii, known in the South Pacific from Mangareva west to the Moluccas. I t has a tall, black trunk and upright fruiting stalk bearing large fruits with reddish-orange skin, yellow flesh, edible when cooked, sometimes made into poi mai'a. ( H P 177.) Also called mai'a-he'i, mai'a-akua, mai'a- Katie, mai'a-liko. Lit., Borabora [i.e., Tahitian] banana.

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m a i k a

m a l k a . 1. T i r e d , w e a r y , l a m e . Obs. Cf. ma'i'i, malo'elo'e, ma'ulu'ulu. 2. Tasteless, insipid. Obs. 3. A n c i e n t H a w a i i a n g a m e suggesting bowling; t h e s t o n e used in t h e g a m e ; s h o t - p u t . 4. S t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e b o d y , a s b y a t h l e t i c s . Cf. ika, s t r o n g . m a i k a ' i . G o o d , well, fine, excellent; good-looking, h a n d s o m e , b e a u t i f u l ; goodness, r i g h t e o u s ness, well-being, m o r a l i t y ; good looks, good h e a l t h . See G r a m . 2.3. Pehea 'oe? Maika'i no. H o w a r e y o u ? F i n e . He wahine maika'i loa ke nana aku, a w o m a n v e r y good t o look a t . He maika'i 'olelo, goodness in speech [with i m p l i c a t i o n t h a t a c t i o n s a r e not good], E 'ai a pau maika'i ka i'a, e a t u n t i l t h e fish is c o m p l e t e l y finished, h o ' o m a i k a ' i . T o t h a n k , bless, r e n d e r t h a n k s , c o n g r a t u l a t e ; gratified, t h a n k f u l ; t o praise; to improve, perfect, correct. Trans. Ho'omaika'i! C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s ! La Ho'omaika'i, T h a n k s g i v i n g D a y . Me.le ho'omaika'i, song of raise; Doxology. 'O wau no me ka ho'omaika'i, a m v e r y g r a t e f u l l y y o u r s [in conclusion of a letter], m a l k a l k a . R e d u p . of maika, h. S a m e a s ho'oikaika, b u t less f r e q u e n t : t o s t r e n g t h e n , etc. m a ' l k a u . C h r o n i c or r e c u r r i n g disease or sickness. Lit., placing sickness. m S ' l k e . T o k n o w . Rare. h o ' o m & ' I k e . T o show, m a ' l k e ' i k e . R e d u p . of ma'ike. h o ' o m a ' i k e ' i k e . T o show, reveal, m a k e k n o w n or c o m p r e h e n s i ble. He ho'oma'ike'ike mai ka po mai, a revelat i o n f r o m t h e n i g h t [as in a d r e a m ] , m a ' l k e i k i . P r e g n a n c y sickness; cliild's disease. Cf. ma'i o kamali'i, c h i l d r e n ' s disease, m a l k i . Little. m a ' i k l p a . Disease c a u s e d b y a n evil spirit. Lit., visiting sickness, m a l k o . T h e y o u n g of t h e pualu a n d palani, fishes. Also called maikoiko, popolo. m a i k o i k o . 1. A c o m m o n v a r i e t y of s u g a r c a n e relished f o r chewing, n a m e d for maiko, a fish; s t e m s b l a c k i s h ; leaves light yellow-green t i n g e d with red; pith dark-brown; seldom flowery. Also called 'ele'ele, ko-'ele'ele, kauila, nika. ( H P 223, 224.) 2. S a m e as maiko. m f t t k o i k o - k a h a k a h a . A v a r i e t y of s u g a r c a n e , a b u f f - b r o w n a n d s t r i p e d m a r o o n when y o u n g , b e c o m i n g olive b r o w n a n d v e r y d e e p p u r p l e on e x p o s u r e . R e a d i l y m u t a t e s t o maikoiko. (HP M223.) a l k o n e k l a , M a l k o n l k l a . Micronesia; Micron e s i a n . Eng. m a ' l k u m u p a ' a . See kumupa'a. rna'i-kunl. T y p h u s . Lit., searing disease, rnatla. T h e d i r e c t i o n a l mai plus la, t h e r e , t h e n . See G r a m . 2.3, 4.5. Hele maila ke ali'i, t h e chief then came. m f t ' l l a . 1. L i g h t - b r o w n skin, a s of s o m e p a r t H a w a i i a n s . ( K e p . 67.) 2. Clear, a s t h e sea on a s u n n y d a y w h e n t h e d e p t h s c a n be seen, m a l l a n l . T o extol, praise, t r e a t as a chief or g r e a t f a v o r i t e . Also pailani. ho'omailanl. C a u s a t i v e / s i m u l a t i v e . (For. 4:199.) m a l l e . 1. A n a t i v e t w i n i n g s h r u b (Alyxia olivaeformis), w i t h s h i n y f r a g r a n t leaves, used for d e c o r a t i o n a n d leis. I t is a m e m b e r of t h e periw i n k l e f a m i l y . L a k a , g o d d e s s of t h e h u l a , was i n v o k e d a s t h e goddess of t h e maile, w h i c h was o n e of five s t a n d a r d p l a n t s used in her a l t a r . (See m o r e u n d e r palai.) ( N e a l 6 0 8 - 6 0 9 . ) A m o n g several f o r m s or maile, w i t h w i d e t o n a r r o w leaves, l a r g e or small f r u i t s , H a w a i i a n s recogn i z e five, r e p r e s e n t i n g five sisters (minor goddesses of t h e h u l a ) : maile-lau-li'i, maile-launui, maile-kaluhea, maile-pakaha, maile-ha'iwale. See also kuhonua, moe-kahi. 2. Maile s t i c k s a t t a c h e d t o t h e e n d of t h e 'auku'u (pole) u s e d f o r c a t c h i n g b i r d s ( t h e maile was g u m m e d w i t h lime, a n d b i r d s p e r c h i n g on it were c a u g h t ) ; n a m e of a s n a r e used in c a t c h i n g p l o v e r s a r o u n d t h e leg; r o d used in t h e g a m e s of puhenchene a n d 'ume\ piece securing a n ex's n e c k t o t h e yoke.

m a l l e - h a ' l - w a l e . A v a r i e t y of maile (Alyxia olivaeformis v a r . rnijriillifolia) with small, r o u n d e d leaves. Lit., b r i t t l e maile. m a i l e - h a o l e . The myrtle (Myrtus communis), an aromatic shrub from the Mediterranean region and western Asia, a fa v o r i t e g a r d e n p l a n t in m a n y countries, a n d f o r m e r l y used in R o m e f o r w r e a t h s t o c r o w n t h e v i c t o r . T h e leaves look like t h o s e of maile a n d f o r m e r l y were used by H a w a i i a n s for leis like maile, t h e b a r k being s t r i p p e d f r o m t h e s t e m s in t h e s a m e w a y , w i t h t e e t h h o l d i n g one e n d . (Neal 555.) m a i l e - h o h o n o . A tropical A m e r i c a n a n n u a l c o m p o s i t e {Ageratum conyzoides), b o t h a weed a n d an o r n a m e n t a l . I t is a h a i r y , b r a n c h i n g , w e a k - s t e m m e d h e r b , w i t h l i g h t - b l u e (rarely w h i t e or p i n k ) florets b o r n e in small t u f t e d h e a d s . (Meal 729.) Also called maile-honohono and maile-kula. m a l l e - h o n o h o n o . S a m e as maile-hohono. m a i l e - k a - K a h l k l . S a m e a s maile-pilau. Lit., T a h i t i a n v i n e maile. m a l l e - k a l u h e a . A kind of maile (Alyxia olivaeformis v a r . ) . Lit., s w e e t - s m e l l i n g maile. m a i l e - k u - h o n u a . A maile seedling, a b o u t t h r e e inches high, w i t h t w o or t h r e e leaves. Lit., e a r t h - s t a n d i n g maile. m a l l e - k u l a . S a m e a s maile-hohono. Lit., maile of t h e plains, m a i l e - l a u - l i ' i . A k i n d of maile with n a r r o w , p o i n t e d leaves. Lit., s m a l l - l e a v e d maile. m a i l e - l a u - n u l . A k i n d of maile w i t h large leaves. Lit., big-leaved maile. i n a ' l l e l e . C o n t a g i o u s disease. Lit., jumping disease. m a l l e - p & k a h a . A k i n d of maile w i t h b l u n t , o v a t e leaves, m a t l e - p l l a u . Stink vine (Paederia foetida). Lit., s t i n k i n g maile. II1.V1I1. 1. Pebble, as used for m a k i n g s i n k e r s for squid fishing; p e b b l y , full of pebbles. Cf. 'Hi, pebble. 2. Small a r r o w r o o t (via) t u b e r s , so called b e c a u s e t h e y grow well in stones. 3. Small t a r o , as f o u n d g r o w i n g in weeds. m a ' I l l h a u . C o r d m a d e of i n n e r hau b a r k . Obs. m a ' I l i ' l l l . R e d u p . of ma'ili. n i . t l l o . W a s t i n g a w a y of t h e b o d y ; t h i n , e m a c i a t e d , as w i t h tuberculosis, h o ' o m a i l o . T o c a u s e t h i n n e s s . He mea 'ino, ho'omailo kino ka 'opiuma, o p i u m is a b a d t h i n g t h a t c a u s e s t h e body to waste away, m & ' i l u . A trifle, p i t t a n c e ; insignificant, m & ' l l u ' i l u . R e d u p . of ma'ilu. He md'ilu'ilu kona wahi uku, his wage is a m e r e p i t t a n c e , m a i . . . ma!. See mai, 2. m a ' i m a ' l . R e d u p . of ma'i, sick; c h r o n i c a l l y sick, ailing, sickly, h o ' o m a ' l m a ' l . T o p r e t e n d t o be sickly. m a l n a i n a . Anger, w r a t h . Cf. inaina. ho'omaln a i n a . To cause anger; to anger, m a i n e . M i n e . Eng. Maine 'eli gula, gold m i n e , m a l n o . C r u e l t y , misery, h a r m ; cruel, miserable, h u r t . (Cf. 'ino a n d n o t e lack of t h e g l o t t a l s t o p here.) h o ' o m S l n o . T o t r e a t cruelly, a b u s e , persecute; to cause misery and suffering. ( P P N ino, P M P ines.) n i S l n o l n o . R e d u p . of maino. Hana mainoino i na holoholona, c r u e l t y to a n i m a l s . h o ' o m a l n o I n o . Causative/simulative, m & ' i n o ' i n o . T o d e f a c e , m a r , spoil, r u i n ; def a m e d , d e f a c e d . Ma'ino'ino ka helehelena i ka ma'i-lepela, t h e f a c e is disfigured b y leprosy, h o ' o m a ' i n o ' l n o . T o defame, slander, deface. Trans. m i l o . F u r r o w e d , g r o o v e d , c u t in r i d g e s ; v e r y t h i n , w a s t e d . Cf. ioio, groove, a n d mailo. h o ' o m S i o . T o f u r r o w , c u t in ridges, c a u s e t h i n n e s s , m a ' l ' o . 1. T o c u t r a g g e d l y a n d u n e v e n l y , a s c l o t h or h a i r ; d e n t e d ; c h i p p e d , a s c r o c k e r y . Cf.

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'upena ma'i'o. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star. 3 . A variety of sweet potato. 4 . A variety of taro. i n & i o i o . Redup. of maio. m & ' l o ' l o . T o peep, chirp, as chickens. Cf. 'io'io. m a ' I ' o ' I ' o . Redup. of ma'i'o.

m a ' i - ' o k u ' u . See 'oku'u.

M a ' i - o l a . T h e name of a god; he was said to occupy a certain tree, the wood of which could counteract the noxious effects of poison from the kalai-pahoa wood, m a ' i o l a . T o cure sickness; curable disease, m a ' i ' o w a . Insulting epithet for women. Lit., slit genital. m a ' l - P a k S . Leprosy. Lit., Chinese disease, m a ' i p Q h a . Ulcer, running sore. m a ' i - p u ' u p u ' u - l i ' l l i ' I . Smallpox. Lit., disease with many little pimples, m a ' i - p u ' u w a l . Heart disease, heart a t t a c k , m a ' i - ' u h o l a . Heart failure. Hare. m a ' i u ' i u . At a distance, out of sight. Cf. 'iu'iu. h o ' o m S ' i u ' i u . T o keep at a distance, avoid, m a i ' u ' u . T o e or finger nail; hoof; claw. ( P P N maikuku, P M P kuku.) m a ' i - i v l l i . Incessant or recurring pain; venereal disease. Lit., writhing sickness, m a k a . 1. E y e . eye of a needle, face, countenance; presence, sight, view. F o r idioms cf. ' o n o h i . puka, 2; pulakaumaka and below. Aiaka poniuniu pololi, eyes faint with hunger. Nana maka, to look, but not help. Ho'oke a maka, to be partial, show favoritism. 'Oi ka'aka'a ka maka, while the eyes are open [and there is still life], 'Ike maka, to see for oneself. Jlo'ike a maka, to reveal in the light, as of something long hidden. Ku'i ka hekili i ka maka o ka 'opua, the thunder claps in the presence of the cloud bank. Puka na maka i ke ao, the eyes appear in the Hght (said of birth]. 'A'ole e moe ku'u maka a ko ku'u makemake, my eyes won't sleep until my wish is accomplished [said with determination]. 'O na maka wale no keia i hele mai nei, only the eyes have come [said by one not bringing a gift, as was customary], Mohala na maka, the eyes are open [a frank countenance]. ( P P N mata, P M P mata.) 2. Beloved one, favorite; person. Cf. makamaka (very common), makana, pula, 'onohi. T h e pig god was affectionately called ku'u maka (For. 5 ; 3 1 7 ) by his grandmother, rather like " a p p l e of my e y e . " Kau ka maka, to desire, to long to see, to think of fondly. He kau maka 'oia na kona hoaloha, he is the o b j e c t of his friend's affection and respect. Kalei-kau-maka (name), the beloved child. 3. Point, bud, protuberance; center of a flower, including usually both the stamens and pistils; nipple, t e a t ; sharp edge or blade of an instrument; point of a fishhook; beginning, source. Fig., descendant. Ke 'au mahope a ka maka ( L u n k . _ 3 . 2 2 ) , t h e h a f t after the blade. Na maka o Ilu-loa i luna (For. 5:9), descendants of Ha-loa above. Maka mua o ka huaka'i (For. 4; 199), beginning of the procession. Maka o k(i makani, beginning or origin of t h e wind. 'O maka kolu, three-pronged spear, h o ' o m a k a . T o begin, s t a r t ; to appear, of a child's first tooth; to put forth buds; to come to a head, as a boil. 4. Mesh of a net; mesh in plaiting; stitch, in sewing. Cf. maka 'aha, maka'opihi, 2. 5. Raw, as fish; uncooked; green, unripe, as f r u i t j fresh as distinct from salted provisions. Cf. kamakamaka. ( P P N mata, P M P ma\n]taq.) 6 . Probably same as manu, bow and stern pieces. 7. A seaweed. See alani. m a k a . M a r k , target; to mark. Eng. Ho'okiki maka, target shooting. E maka mai 'oe ma'ane'i, m a k e a mark here, m a k a . A kind of stone (perhaps maka). m & k a ' a . 1. Clear and open, as a view; a clearing. 2. A faint green striped mutant of the sweet potato. ( H P 221.) m a k a - ' a . 1. A fish (Malacanthus hoedtii). Maka'a holapu kaheka, the maka-'a roils the pool [of a mischievous child], 2. A variety of sugar cane.

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m a k a ' 4 . Wide, staring eyes. Lit., glowing eye. m a k a ' a ' S . Redup. of maka 'a. m a k a ' a h a . 1. H a m m o c k , swinging netted bed. 2. Skin eruption, itch, m a k a ' a b a . Sennit mesh; fairly fine mesh. Uwea maka 'aha, chicken-wire fence, m a k a ' a h e w a . Walleyed; cross-eyed. Lit., eyes t h a t err. Cf. maka lalau. m a k a ' a t a u . Envious eye; to eye with envy, m a k a ' & i n a n a . Commoner, populace, people in general; citizen. Cf. lunamaka'ainana.Lit., people t h a t attend the land, m & k a ' a k a ' a . Redup. of maka'a. m a k a ' a k l u . Same as makakiu. m a k a a l a . F a i n t p a t h ; beginning of a path, m a k a ' a l a . Alert, vigilant, watchful, wide awake; to attend lo vigilantly. Aiaka'ala 'oia i ka 'a'ahu o kana kane, she tends carefully to her husband's clothes. E maka'ala mai i ka hana! T e n d to the job! m a k a ' a l a . Blind, but with eyes t h a t look normal, m a k a - ' a - l o a . A small reddish crab ( M a c r o p h thalmus telescopicus) found on mud flats. (Ed. 312.) Lit., long, bright eyes. Also 'a-loa.

maka 'alo'alo. Shifty-eyed. Lit., dodging eye.

M a k a - ' a l o h l l o h l . N a m e of a star. Lit., bright eye. m a k a ' a l u a . S a m e as makalua. M a k a - ' a m o ' a m o . N a m e of a star or constellation in t h e M i l k y W a y . Lit., twinkling eye. m a k a a n i a n i . Eyeglasses, spectacles. Lit., crystal eye. Cf. 'umi'i. m a k a ' a o a . S a m e as 'aoa, a shellfish, m a k a a u , m a k a u . T o look around; a roving eye.

maka'au. Yar. of makaau.

- m a k a ' a u ' a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o m a k a ' a u ' a . To

hang moist, as undried tapa, over a line or drying rack ( h a k a ) , so t h a t the edges will correspond and t h a t a fixed crease will form, m a k a ' a w e l a . Kind of soft, porous stone. m a k a ' C . T o look a t with disfavor; to look askance. Ua maka'e aku au ia 'oe, I am against

you. ho'omaka'C.

Causative/simulative. Ua

ho'omaka'e ka Ilaku i ka po'e hana hewa (1 Pet. 3.12), the face of the Lord is against evildoers, m a k a ' e l e ' e l e . Chilled, frozen. Fig., benumbing, intense, as emotion; exhausting, wearisome, of labor. Bare. m a k a ' e o . Angry-appearing (probably a contraction of maka ke'eo, angry eyes), h o ' o m a k a ' e o . T o look a t with anger, to avoid looking a t because of anger; not to recognize because of anger. m a k a ' e u . Mischievous eyes, naughty eyes, m a k a h a . 1 . Fierce, savage, ferocious. Ka'u makaha, fierce K a ' u , a description of t h e K a ' u people, referring to their killing of several oppressive chiefs. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r ; this star and Makohi-lani were near the Pleiades, and were said to be patrons of fighters. 3. S a m e as makahakaha. 4. T o speak disparagingly or insultingly of. 'O Hawai'i no keia i makaha 'ia ai he palu la'i, the people of [the island of] Hawaii are spoken of derisively as lickers of ti leaves [so called because they were said to have done this a t a feast in t h e time of K a m e h a m e h a where not enough food was provided], m a k a h a . Sluice gate, as of a fish pond; entrance to or egress from an enclosure, m a k a h a h i . S a m e as makahehi. Ua haka mai lakou ia'u me ka makahahi (Hal. 22.17), they stared a t me with wonder, m a k a h a l . H a s t y ; active, as a child into everything. M a k a - h a i - a k u . N a m e of a star. M a k a - h a i - w a ' a . N a m e of a star. Li«., eye following canoe.

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m a k a h a k a l i a

m & k a h a k a h a . C l e a r i n g , as rain, h o ' o m a k a h a k a h a . T o s h o w signs o f clearing. Ke ho'omakahakaha maila ka ua, t h e r e a r e signs t h a t t h e rain is clearing, m a k a h a k a h a k a . Sunken eyes, as of o n e long sick; d e e p p i t or h o l l o w ; o p e n space, as a cleari n g in a l o r e s t or clear space in a l a v a flow, m & k a h a l a . T h r e e shrubs in t h e t o m a t o f a m i l y : (1) w i l d t o b a c c o or paka (Nicotiana glauca), f r o m South A m e r i c a , w i t h l o n g , n a r r o w , y e l l o w flowers a n d o v a t e , blue-green l e a v e s ; ( 2 ) d a y c e s t r u m ( C e s t r u m diurnum), f r o m the W e s t I n dies, w i t h small, w h i t e , tubular flowers, f r a g r a n t b y d a y ; o v a l l e a v e s ; black berries; (3) o r a n g e c e s t r u m (Cestrum aurantiacum), f r o m Guatem a l a , w i t h longer, n a r r o w , o r a n g e flowers. T h e flowers o f all t h r e e shrubs a r e used s o m e w h a t f o r leis in H a w a i i . ( N e a l 663.) m £ k < i h a l a - ' u l a . A shrub similar t o mdkahala (3), o r a n g e c e s t r u m , e x c e p t t h a t t h e flower is bronze-red.

n i a k a i a . K e v e n g e , v e n g e a n c e , t r e a c h e r y , bet r a y a l ; t r a i t o r , b e t r a y e r . ( L a i e 513.) Ku holi kau hana i ka makuia, y o u ' v e b e h a v e d treacherously. m a k a i ' a . 1. W h i t e n e d pupil of a blind person's e y e ; c a t a r a c t . Lit., fish eye. 2. A kind of stone, as used f o r adzes. A l s o called mahikihiki. m a k a i a u l l . Flesh w i t h i n t h e 'opihi shell, o f a bluish-gray color. ( K L line 27.) m a k a i h e . Spear p o i n t . m & k a ' ! h o ' o m a l u . P r o b a t i o n officer, m a k a ' i h o ' o m a l u p o . P a t r o l l i n g n i g h t police. Lit., p o l i c e m a k i n g night p e a c e f u l , m a k a I h u . B o w s p r i t of a c a n o e ; sharp p o i n t a t t h e b o w . Lit., b o w p o i n t , m a k a - i h u - w a ' a . l . P h o s p h o r e s c e n t l i g h t seen in t h e w a t e r at n i g h t . 2. (Cap.) N a m e o f a star, m a k a ' i k a ' i . T o visit, see t h e s i g h t s ; t o stroll, t a k e a w a l k ; to look upon ( P u k . 3.4). Alaka'ika'i hete, to stroll here and there. Po'e maka'ika'i, visitors, sight-seers, tourists. ho'omak a ' l k a ' i . T o t a k e o t h e r s on a v i s i t ; to show t h e sights; t o escort, m a k a ' i k e . T o see c l e a r l y and w i t h keen p o w e r s of o b s e r v a t i o n ; t o see m o r e than most, especially to see supernatural things or ghosts not seen b y o t h e r s ; to h a v e the g i f t o f second sight. Lit., seeing e y e . C f . 'ike maka. m a k a i k i . E y e smaller than the o t h e r . Lit., small e y e . i n a k a ' l k i ' e k i ' e . H i g h sheriff, m a k a ' i k i u . D e t e c t i v e . Lit., s p y i n g police, m a k a ' i k o a . .Military police. Lit., soldier police, m a k a ' i k u h u i n a . T r a f f i c p o l i c e m a n . Lit., p o l i c e m a n s t a t i o n e d at corners, m a k a i l a . A senile p i g m e n t a t i o n caused b y sunburn of t h e e y e . as f o u n d a m o n g H a w a i i a n s ; person w i t h such an e y e (such persons w e r e said t o be o b s e r v a n t and c r i t i c a l ) . Lit., b i r t h mark eye.

m a k a - h & i i l i . A seasliell (Peasiella tantilla). m a k a h a n i . T o step l i g h t l y , t o u c h l i g h t l y , to s k i m l i g h t l y . C f . hani, mahani. m a k a h a u ' i o l e . l i a r e v a r . of haumaka'iole. m a k a h e h l . A d m i r a t i o n , d e s i r e f o r , wonder, a m a z e m e n t ; a t t r a c t i v e ; to a d m i r e , m a k a h e k i l l . H a i l s t o n e . Lit., t h u n d e r eye. C f . huahckili. m a k a h e l e i . E y e w i t h lid d r a w n d o w n ; ectropion. C f . hclei. Eia ka pua'a wawae luloa, ua maka helei, here is a pig w i t h l o n g legs [a human sacrifice] w i t h d r a w n eyes [ f a t cheeks, f a t ] , m a k a h i . 1. O n e - e y e d (short f o r maka kdhi). 2. N e t mesh l a r g e e n o u g h t o a d m i t the entrance o f o n e f i n g e r j a net w i t h such a mesh. Maka hi a 'oua, makahi 'oene, a mesh l a r g e r than one linger s w i d t h , but n o t l a r g e e n o u g h f o r t w o fingers ( m a l u a ) . m a k a h i a . .Roving, unsteady, restless e y e s ; sleepless. E Lono makahia, lele ( K e p . 37), O L o n o w i t h t h e restless eyes, fly. m a k a h i a m o e . Sleepy e y e s ; s l e e p y , d r o w s y , m a k a h i a p o . F i r s t - b o r n child, o l d e s t child. Lit.,

m a k a l l i . R o c k y patches w h e r e sweet p o t a t o e s or taro were c u l t i v a t e d ( F o r . 0 : 1 0 5 ) ; soil c o n s i s t i n g o f coarse sand or g r a v e l . C f . 'Hi, p e b b l e , n i a k a i l o . Y o u n g s h o o t , as f o r t r a n s p l a n t i n g . M a k a - M m o ' i m o . N a m e o f a c o n s t e l l a t i o n in t h e M i l k y W a y . Lit., b l i n k i n g eyes, t w i n k l i n g e y e s , m a k a ' i n a . Guard; watchful, m a k a ' i n o . T o look at w i t h h a t r e d ; t o lose afTection f o r o n e ; o n e w h o l o o k s w i t h h a t r e d . '() ke kanaka palupalu . . . e maka 'ino akn ia i kona hoahanau ( K a n l . 2X.54), t h e man t h a t is t e n d e r . . . his e y e shall b e e v i l t o w a r d his brother, m a k a ' i m i l . Sheriff.

first-born person, i n a k a h l k i . 1. Y e a r : annual, y e a r l y ( s o m e t i m e s w r i t t e n M . H . ) See kulana. Ho"ike makahiki, annual r e p o r t . Ho"ike no 'elua makahiki, biennial r e p o r t . I ka makahiki, y e a r l y ; in t h e year. 2. A n c i e n t f e s t i v a l b e g i n n i n g a b o u t t h e m i d d l e of O c t o b e r a n d lasting a b o u t f o u r m o n t h s , w i t h sports and religious f e s t i v i t i e s and t a b o o on war. m a k a t l i k i h o u . N e w Y e a r . Jiau'oli Makahiki IIou, H a p p y N e w Year, m a k a h i k i i d k e u . L e a p y e a r . Lit., extra-day year.

m a k a i o . S a m e as maka ¡I'd, w i l d e y e . Obs. M a k a - ' i o - l a n i . N a m e of a star. Lit., e y e o f t h e royal hawk, m a k a ' i p o . N i g h t w a t c h m a n , night police, m a k a i w a . M o t h e r - o f pearl eyes, as in an i m a g e , especially of t h e g o d L o n o . Lit., m y s t e r i o u s e y e . m a k a ' i w a h i n e . Police matron, m a k a - k a - ' a l a . S a m e as maka keleawe. m a k a k a l . S e a - w a s h e d ; s p r a y . Ea mai ka makakai he'e nalu ( I ' L 3 6 ) , t h e s p r a y o f surfing rises. Ua 'au'au akula 'oia i ka u ai a pau ka makukai, he b a t h e d in fresh w a t e r so as to be rid o f t h e spray. m a k a k a n a k a . M a n y people, c r o w d s of p e o p l e . La maka kanaka, day when many people gather, as a h o l i d a y , m a k a k e h a u . H e a r t ' s desire. Lit., d e w e y e . m a k a k e l e a w e . B r a z e n l o o k ; horse e y e o f a whitish color, but w i t h g o o d vision. Lit., b r a s s eye.

m a k a h i k i l e l e ' o i . L e a p y e a r . Lit., y e a r j u m p ahead. m a k a h i l a h l l a . Bashful e y e s ; bashful, t i m i d l y averting one's gaze, m a k a h l n u . K i n d o f hard stone, m a k a h i n u . B r i g h t f a c e , c h e e r f u l look, m a k a h l ' 6 . E y e s t h a t d a r t in e v e r y direction, as if l o o k i n g f o r m i s c h i e f ; a m i s c h i e v o u s l y alluring look. m a k a h i ' o w a . See makahi. M a k a - h o l o - w a ' a . N a m e o f a st ar, perhaps v a r i a n t n a m e f o r the N o r t h Star. Lit., sailingcanoe eye. m a k a h o u . Beginning, new start, h o ' o m a k a h o u . T o begin again, m a k a h u n e . F i n e mesh or w e f t , as o f net or m a t . m a k a i . See kai, ocean, m a k a i . R a r e v a r . o f manai, needle, m a k a ' i . P o l i c e m a n , g u a r d ; t o police, inspect, s p y . C f . luna maka'i. Ua mau kanaka la nana i maka'i i ka 'aina ( I o s . 6.22), t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d m e n w h o h a d spied in t h e c o u n t r y , h o ' o m & k a ' l . T o a c t as a p o l i c e m a n ; to a p p o i n t o r i n v e s t as a p o l i c e m a n .

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m a k a k l . T o look a t w i t h h a t r e d , h o ' o m a k a k l . T o look a t w i t h h a t r e d ; t o plan r e v e n g e or »evil, m a k a k l ' e k l ' e . P r o u d l o o k (Sol. 6 . 1 7 ) ; h a u g h t y air.

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m ak a m om i

maka kihl. To look out of the corner of the

m a k a l e n a . Fine muslin cloth. Eng. m a k a l e n a . 1. Unfriendly, suspicious glance from under the eyelid; to glance thus. Lit., drawn eye. 2 . Yellow center of a flower, as of a daisy. Mehe ipo la ka maka lena o ke Ko'olau (chant), like a sweetheart is the yellow flower center of the Ko'olau. m a k a l e n a p u ' u . Dotted swiss cloth. Lit., lumped muslin, m a k a l i . 1. Same as mali, to flatter. 2 . Barely cooked, underdone. Obs. 3 . Glowing, bright, as of fire. Obs. He ahi makali ho'dli na ke kupa (chant), a glowing fire stirred by the native son. m a k a l i ' i . 1. T i n y , very small, fine, wee; smallmeshed; narrow wefts. Makali'i 'ohua, tiny 'ohua, spawn; fig., anything wee, tiny. 2 . (Cap.) Pleiades; Castor and Pollux. 3 . (Cap.) Hawaiian month name; t h e six summer months collectively. m a k a l i k a . Marguerite, daisy. Eng. m a k a l l k e . Uniform, as in color, style, clothes. Lit., similar face. I'a'a lole makalike, uniform, as of military, m a k a l i o . T a u t , as a rope. Lit., tight mesh, m a k a l o a . 1. A perennial sedge (Cyperus laevigatus), found in or near fresh or salt water in warm countries. F r o m a horizontal, creeping stem rise long, slender unbranched stems, each topped by a small inflorescence. Formerly t h e plants were valued in Hawaii for making t h e fine Niihau mats. (Ncal 79.) Also called makoloa. 2 . An edible shellfish (Thais intermedia, Drupa horrida). Also called aupupu, pupu-'awa. (KL line 30.) See also 'olepe-makaloa. 3 . A seaweed, m a k a l o a . Very green, as a fruit; barely cooked, very raw.

eyes; eye drawn back a t the corner, m a k a k i ' i . 1. M a s k . Lit., image face. 2 . T o lure or a t t r a c t with t h e eyes, especially one of t h e opposite sex. m a k a - k l l a . A name given to the kala-poni, sweet potato, m a k a k i l a . P e n ; steel point, as of a weapon. Lit., steel (Eng.) point, m a k a k i l o . Observant, watchful eyes; to watch with great attention, m a k a k l u . Spy, detective, spying e,ye; watchful, vigilant, spying; to spy. h o ' o m a k a k l u . T o spy, watch, reconnoiter. m a k a k o a . Bold, unafraid, fierce. Lit., brave eye. He lahui kanaka maka koa, 'a'ole e mdlama mai i ka 'elemakule (Kanl. 28.50), a nation of fierce countenance, which shall not care for t h e old. m a k a k o ' a . L a n d m a r k for a fishing ground. Lit., fishing-ground point, m a k a - k o a l i . Wild sweet potato found in P u n a ; it may have been eaten in famine times; also fed raw to pigs,

maka kole. Same as mdkole.

m a k a k G . Creative imagination of an artist. Obs. m a k a k u l . Needle or nail point; stitch. Cf. maka o ke kui, eye of a needle, m a k a k u ' i k u ' i . T o scowl, leer hatefully. Lit., pounding eyes, m a k a l a . 1. T o loosen, undo, untie, open a little, set at liberty; to remit, as a d e b t ; to forgive; to free of defilement or uncleanness; to open, as a flower. ( P P N matala, P M P tara.) 2 . A trail. ( M a l o 92.) m a k a l a . Short for maku'ala. Obs. m & k a l a . 1. Myrtle. Eng. 2 . Marshal. Eng. 3 . (Cap.) Marshall (Islands). Eng. m a k & l a e . B e a c h , shore, coast. Aia akula i makalae i ka paeaea, there [he's] gone on the shore pole fishing. m a k a l a h i a . 1 . Sleepless, awake. 2 . Passive/ imperative of makala. m a k a l a k a l a . 1. Redup. of makala. Makalakala iaia nei a pau na hihia i kauhale, free him of all defilements at home. 2 . S a m e as makalahia. m a k a l a l a u . Cross-eyed, with eyes t h a t seem to look inward. Lit., roving eyes. Cf. maka 'dhewa. m a k a l a p u a . Handsome, beautiful; to blossom forth. Na hi'ona ua hele wale a makalapua, features handsome indeed. Nani ho'i na lau nahele e 'bmaka ana, e mohala ana a e makalapua ana, beautiful, indeed, are the budding plants, opening and blossoming, m a k a l a u . 1. Carbuncle, boil. 2 . Cluster of spears. 3 . M a n y buds, as on a pussy willow. Fig., many offspring. m a k a l a u l u a . Ulua fishermen; seekers of human victims for sacrifice. ( M a l o 92.) 06s. m a k a l a u n a . Friendly, having many friends maka and associates; sociable. Ua ma'a i ka launa, used to being friendly, m a k a l e . Mackerel, canned sardines. Eng. m a k a l e ' a . Twinkle-eyed, happy-eyed, mischievous. m a k a l e h a . T o look a b o u t as in wonder or admiration, to glance, m a k a l e h o . Covetous; lustful, lascivious. Lit., cowrie eye, perhaps so called because the squid clings to t h e cowrie. Hahai ana i ka maka leho (1 Pet. 4.3), walked in lasciviousness. m a k a l e h u a . Lehua flower petals. Fig., a t t r a c tive, as young girls. Na kini maka lehua o na 'opio, the many youths, lovely as lehua flowers, m a k a i e i . 1 . Fish trap. 2 . N a m e of a supernatural tree found on M o l o k a i ; portions of its root were placed by t h e gates of fish ponds, as they were thought to a t t r a c t fish. 3 . Same as melomelo, a stick lure.

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maka lokomaika'i. Bountiful eye (Sol. 22.9);

one who looks kindly, charitably, and with good will. Lit., good-hearted face, m a k a l o l e . Eyelid turned back, exposing t h e under side of the lid; an insulting term, as prisoners were tortured by tattooing the exposed eyelid. Lit., turned eye. m a k a l u a . 1. Two-faced, double-edged; twofold, as a plaited m a t ; hypocritical. 2 . Socket of the eyeball. Fig., depths of the sea. 3 . Fishing net with mesh wide enough to admit two fingers. Lit., double mesh. m a k a l u a . Hole for planting, as for taro; to dig such a hole, m a k a l u a k e l e . A large makalua hole, m a k a l u h l . Tired eyes, tired people, especially those who have been working hard on a community project. Cf. 'aha'aina maka luhi. m a k a l u k u . T o plan slaughter, to determine to destroy. m a k a m a e . Precious, of great value, highly prized, darling (Hal. 22.20). m a k a m a k a . 1. I n t i m a t e friend with whom one is on terms of receiving and giving freely; host. Fig., anything very helpful, as education. Cf. maka, beloved. Kona makamaka, his friend, h o ' o m a k a m a k a . T o befriend, be a friend to, make a friend, cause to be friends. Cf. ho'okamakamaka. Ho'omakamaka wahine, to make friends with a woman. 2 . Redup. of maka, raw, fresh. 3 . Buds, as forming on the corm of a taro. ( H P 5.) m a k a m a k a n u l . One with a host of friends because of a genial, kindly, or hospitable nature; many friends,

m a k a m e , m a d a m e . Madame. Eng.

Makame

Pele, M a d a m Pele. m a k a m i n o . Indented, non-protruding nipple, as is difficult for a b a b y to grasp, m a k a m o e n a . Mesh in mat made by plaiting over one and under one; similar style in quilting; check plait. Lit., mat mesh,

maka momi. See momi, 5.

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m a k a

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m a k a p a p i p i . Hollow worn in lava rock by the sea, where salt is collected, m a k a p e h u . Swollen; suffering from hunger; hungry person. Ola ka makapehu i'a 'ole, t h e suffering from lack of fish is over, m a k a p e l a . Dirty face; sticky, dirty eyes, m a k a p e p e . Fine-meshed, as a mat of medium weft, as one-half inch, m a k a p l a p i a . Eyes sticky with viscous matter; watery eyes; insulting epithet for one who does not find what he is looking for. m a k a p i p i p i . 1. Small eyes; pregnant women were discouraged from eating pipipi shellfish lest their children be born with small eyes, hence the name. 2 . T i n y , twinkling stars, m a k a p o . Blindness, blind person; blind. Lit., night eye. h o ' o m a k a p O . T o cause blindness, to feign blindness, to blindfold, m a k a p o n i u n i u . Dizziness, faintness, lack of courage; obscure, dizzy, faint (Lunk. SA).Lit., dizzy eye. m a k a p o u l l . Dizziness; dizzy, faint. Lit., blacknight eyes.

m a k a rnua. First, beginning, commencement, first t i m e ; first child of a family. Lit., first end. Maka mua o ka huaka'i (For. 4 : 1 9 9 ) , beginning of t h e procession. 'O ka maka mua keia o ko'u ho'a'o 'ana i ka 'olepe, this is the first time I ' v e tasted an oyster, m a k a n a . Gift, present; reward; prize; to give a gift. Cf. maka, 2. Kana makana, his gift [one t h a t he gives or receives]. Makana ka ho'i! W h a t a giftl [sometimes said sarcastically, indicating t h a t a person is ungrateful]. m a k a n a ' & . Plants growing on lava beds (probably a contraction of maka i na 'a'a, budding in t h e lava). m a k a n a a l o h a . Gift of friendship or love; freewill offering, m a k a n a h e l e . Wild, untamed; of the wilderness or forest. Lit., forest person. Pua'a makanahele. wild pig. Nohona makanahele, living in the forest. Mikana makanahele, papaya growing wild, h o ' o m a k a n a h e l e . T o let a garden grow wild; wild, untamed, m a k a n a h e l e . Parting gift. Lit., going gift, m a k a n a l a u . Same as makalau. m a k a n a u . Twinkling of eyes. Obs. m a k a n i . 1 . Wind, breeze; gas in the stomach, flatulent wind: to_blow. Fig., anger; to show anger. Cf. ani. Ilamau o makani auane'i, be still or there'll be anger. ( P l ' N malangi, PMP angin.) 2 . Ghost, spirit. Kahuna makani, priest possessed by the spirit called makani. 3 . Call of sentinel, similar to "all's well. 1 ' M a k a n l - l l S u a l - l o l l . N a m e of a gentle wind; it is said to permit loli to come out of their holes and feed. ( U L 207.) Lit., wind t h a t feeds sea slug.

-makaptt.

(With

ho'o-)

ho'omakapO.

To

frown, look with disapproval, m a k a p u a ' a . Breast nipple t h a t stands out and is easy for a baby to t a k e ; pig nipple, m a k a p u h i . Fishhook with two opposite barbs, as used for eels. Lit., eel point, m a k a - p u ' u . Variety of fish (no data). Lit., bulging eyes, hill point,

m a k a u . Fishhook,

m a k & u . Var. spelling of makaau. m a k a u . Same as makaukau. T h i s word is related to 'akau, right hand. Cf. hema. hemahema, m a k a ' u . F e a r ; frightened, afraid. Maka'u 'oia i ke /cava, he is afraid of war. h o ' o m a k a ' u . T o frighten, scare, terrify, make afraid; to pretend fear; to fear. ( P P N mataku, P M P takut.) m a k a u a . 1. Hard-hearted, unfriendly; troubled, vexed. Lit., tough face. 2 . T o increase, grow larger. 3 . A variety of taro. m & k a u a . W a r dead (short for make kaua). m a k a ' u a . Passive/imperative of maka'u. m a k a u a u a . 1. Redup. of makaua. 2 . T o toughen

m a k a n i h a u n o n e . Tce-cold mountain wind. Lit., icy, annoying wind.

makani holo 'flhft. Cold wind. IAt., wind running [over] thighs. ( P H 187.)

makani ka'a wlliwlli. Tornado. Lit., wind re-

volving and twisting, m a k a n i k u h o n u a . Sudden strong wind. Lit., wind arriving suddenly, m a k a n i n o h o . Spirit t h a t possesses a medium and speaks through him. Lit., spirit t h a t takes possession. m a k a - n u l . A variety of sweet potato. (HP 142.) Lit., big eyes. m a k a n u n u i . Big eyes. Cf. ki'i maka nunui under ki'i, 1. m a k a ' o . S a m e as ka'oka'o, 3, arid. Cf. kumimimaka'o. m a k a ' o l . Piercing, penetrating, sharp eyes, m & k a ' o k a ' o . 1. Var. of moka'oka'o. 2 . High; height. Obs. Maka'oka'o ke ahi 'au hau i ka pali, high on t h e precipice are the firebrands, m a k a o l e . E y e t o o t h ; point of a dog's tooth. Fig., point of an 'd'd, digging stick; sprouting plant. m a k a o n a o n a . A sweet, lovely expression of face or eyes; also said of t h e eyes of the kole, a fish. m a k a ' o p l h l . 1. 'Opihi scooped out of its shell. 2 . A fine pandanus mat, of quarter-inch strands. Lit., fine mesh. m a k a - ' 6 p i ' l . Same as makole-makopi'i. m a k a - ' O p l o . A variety of taro. m a k a ' o i l . Excelling eye. epithet for a councilor (kalaimoku), who had served under three rulers in three generations, and hence was regarded as full of wisdom. Obs. rnakapft. 1. Feeble, of light, as firelight in the d a y t i m e ; shy, wild, as a bird. 2 . Stones t h a t break in a fire, not desirable for the imu. m a k a p a ' a . Person blind in one eye; blind in one eye (it was considered bad luck to meet such a person); blind (Oihk. 22.22). Lit., closed eye. m a k a p a l a . Soft, ripe; ready to burst, of a boil. —

m u a

by drying, as hide. Rare. Lit., tough face, m a k a u h l . 1. F a c e tattooed solid, without patterning. 2 . T a t t o o e d eyelid, as a humiliating sign of a warrior's defeat. 3 . Downcast eyes. Keau-hou maka uhi, Keau-hou with downcast eyes [said of the people a t Keau-hou who did not welcome visitors because of chiefly taboos], m a k a ' u h l a . Passive/imperative of maka'u. m a k a u k a u . Able, competent, capable, efficient, adept, skilled, expert, qualified ; prepared, ready; competence, proficiency, efficiency, preparation; to know how, to know well. Cf. 'akau, right, h o ' o m & k a u k a u . T o prepare, make ready. Ho'omakaukau 'ia ma keia kanau'ai, provided for by this law. ( P P N mata'u, P M P taqu.)

m a k a ' u k a ' u . Redup. of maka'u.

ho'omaka'u-

k a ' u . T o scare, frighten; scared, frightened, m a k a ' u k i ' i . F e a r of images representing gods, m a k a ' u k Q h e w a . Sudden fear, panic, m a k a u l a . Variety of dark lizard. (Malo 40.) m a k & u l a . Same as kaula, prophet,

maka 'ula'ula. Pinkeye; inflamed eye. Lit., red

eye. m a k a u l l . Black eye, as from a bruise, m a k a ' u l l a . Passive/imperative of maka'u. (For. 6:299.) m a k a u l l ' i . 1. Saving, economical, thrifty, provident; miserly, avaricious, eager to own. h o ' o m a k a u l l ' l . T o economize; thrifty, saving, economical; to desire, covet. Po'e ho'omakauli'i 'aina, people eager for land. Ua ho'oko 'ia ka hana ho'omakauli'i i loko o ke aupuni, economies in government have been effected. 2 . Broadbacked, thick-shelled, of a turtle. 210

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m a k i

- m a k a u l l ' i . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a k a u l i ' l . T o seek every detail; to find out even the smallest things. M a k a - ' u n u - l a u . N a m e of a navigational star. Lit., eyes drawing many. m a k a ' u o . Gathering and tying, as pala fern for a heiau service. Obs. n i a k a u p a w e o . Small shell hook, as used for 'opelu fishing. Lit., hook to turn away. m a k a ' O p e . Grief. Ka hale maka'upe, pa i ka 'u la (Kep. 71), the sad house, touched by grief, m a k a ' u p e n a . 1. N e t mesh. Cf. 'opua maka 'upena, uwea maka 'upena. 2. Design, as carved 011 a tapa beater and used in quilting. 3. M i d riff; fat. Maka 'upena e uhi ana i ka na'au (Oihk. 3.3), fat covering the intestines, m a k a ' u w a l e . Coward, cowardice; afraid for no reason, easily frightened, m a k a ' u w i w a e . 1. Excrement lying exposed on the ground. Lit., feared [by] feet. 2. Anything on which one fears to tread, m a k a w a l . Small outlets for water through banks of taro patches; small waterways; water sources, m a k a Wai. Watery-eyed; eyes welling with tears; tender-eyed (Kin. 29.17). m a k a waiO. Nipple of the breast, m a k a w a l u . 1. Numerous, many, much (sometimes used with implication of chiefly mana). Lit., eight eyes. Ka iho makawalu a ka ua, the great downpour of rain. Makawalu na moku. many islands are scattered haphazardly. 2. T y p e of fighting on plains covered with brush, with irregularly grouped warriors. ( M a l o 196, 203.) m a k a w e l a . 1. Glowing, burning; full of hate. Fig., term for the despised kauwa, outcasts. Na pdhaku makawela o Kllauea, the burning lava rocks of Kilauea. 'Olelo makawela, words of hatred, h o ' o m a k a w e l a . T o treat like a kauwa makawela. 2. T y p e of stone from which weights for cowry octopus lures were made, m a k a w e l a w e l a . Redup. of makawela, 1. Ua ma ka-Wf la we la wale mai no 'oia ia'u, he liated me for nothing, m a k a welt. Glaring, threatening eyes; to glare, glower, m a k a w l . See pahapaha, 3. m a k e . 1. T o die; defeated, killed, unfortunate; to faint; death, fainting, danger of death, peril, destruction, misfortune; to kill (when used transitively, the subject is preceded by i or ¿a); deathly, deadly, faint, deceased, late; obsolete; poisonous. Kona make, his [own] death. Kana make, his murder [of someone else]. Make loa, to die. Make anu, stiff and chilled with cold. 'A'ole kona he make maoli, he make na waho, his was not a natural death, [but] a death by outsiders [sorcery], Na-'ehu i make aku nei, the late Na-'ehu. Makamaka make, unresponsive friend. Emi maila 'o Kamalama, a 'ane'ane no e make i na wahi koa (For. 5:45), Kamalama fell behind and was almost killed by the warriors, h o ' o m a k e . T o kill; to pretend to be dead; to let die; to let diminish, grow faint. Mai ho'opae 'oe, e ho'omake 'oe i kou nalu, don't catch [the wave], let your wave get smaller. ( P P N mate, P M P matay, patay.) 2. Desire, want; to want. Cf. make 'ai, -make'aka, make wai. A f t e r 'a'ole, make expresses a weak command, as " y o u better not/' ' / mai nei ke ali'i, 'a'ole make kaha ka 'opu o ka pua'a (For. 5:323), the chief said, better not cut open the pig's stomach. 'A'ole make hana, better not do it. Mai make hele 'oe! Don't get the notion of going. 3. Price, barter, exchange. Obs. Cf. makehewa, makepono. 'Ehia huamoa make ka hapalua, how many eggs for fifty cents? A make na 'Iwa, na ke keiki 'aihue a Kukui, 'o ka waiwai o ku'u wa'a (For. 5:287), the reward for 'Iwa, Kukui's thieving son, is the value of my canoe, m a k e . Masthead. Eng. m a k e a . Passive/imperative of make, 1, 2.

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rnftkea. Same as mahakea, 1, 2, 3. m a k e ' a i . Hungry. Lit., want food, - m a k e ' a k a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a k e ' a k a . W i t ty, comic, funny, amusing; to cause laughter, exercise wit. liana ho'omake'aka, funny antics; to do something to provoke laughter. M a k e a u p e ' a . N a m e of a star or constellation, m a k e ' e . Covetous, greedy, desirous to have; to have affection for. He make'e keiki, a great affection for children, m a k e ' e k a n a w a i . Law-abiding, m a k e ' e k e ' e . Redup. of make'e. m a k e ' e p o n o a u p u n i . Patriotic; desirous for the welfare of the nation, m a k e ' e w a i w a i . Avarice, covetousness (ler. 22.17); eagerness to acquire wealth, m a k e h a . Shish, to shish, swish, especially accompanied by flash, as of skyrockets^ flash, as of lightning; to flash. Ku-uila-makeha-o-kalani (name), flashing lightning of heaven, m a k e h e w a . Bad bargain, vain undertaking; in vain, useless, without profit. Cf. mukepono. 'A'a makehewa, rash, desperate. Makeheua ke kino u'i, 'o kela ke kane, the youthful beauty is wasted on a man like that, m a k e h i a . Passive/imperative of make, 2. 'Onipa'a una ka pono, "onipa'a me ka makehia (song), let the right stand firm, stand firm because it is wanted, m a k e k a u . Warlike. m a k e k e . 1. Market. Eng. 2. Black mustard (Brassica nigra), a cosmopolitan herb, a weed in Hawaii, but formerly cultivated for the seeds, which are the main source of table mustard. Small yellow flowers, and later erect seed pods, are borne on tall stems. Eng. llua makeke ( M a t . 13.31), grain of mustard seed, - m a k e k e ' e o . ( W i t h ho'o-) ho'omakcke'eo. Resentful. m a k e k e n u i . Large market, supermarket. m a k e i a , m a s e l a . Muscles. Eng. m a k e l e . Same as kele, 1. Ka ulua makcle, the fat, large deep-sea ulua, a fish, m a k e l i a . Material. Eng. m a k e l i m o n i o , m a t e r i m o n i o . Matrimony.¿in», m a k e loa. T o die (in contrast to make, which may mean "defeated, f a i n t " ) , m a k e m a k e . Desire, want, wish; to want, like, wish (often replaced colloquially by mamake). See make, 2 and Gram. 2.3. h o ' o m a k e m a k e . T o cause or feign desire, m a k e m a k i k a . Mathematics. Eng. m a k e m a k i k a ho'opiii 'ia. Applied mathematics. Lit., referred mathematics, m a k e m a k i k a ' o k o ' a . Pure mathematics, rnakena. 1. Mourning, wailing, lamentation; to wail, lament, weep for joy. Nona keia makena e uwe 'ia mai nei (For. 4.47), this wailing that is being sobbed forth here is for him. 2. Calm, of sea, atmosphere. Cf. make, dead, m a k e n a . M a n y , numerous; often, much. Maz kena wale ua m o a . l o t s of chickens. Makena ka ho'i ko'u hilahila ia 'oe, how you humiliated me; you made me ashamed of you. m a k e n a w a i . Place where a stream disappears in the ground, m a k e n e k i . Magnet, magneto. Eng. m a k e p i l a u . Complete defeat, as in card games, m a k e pololl. T o die of starvation; faint with hunger. m a k e p o n o . Bargain, profitable, reasonable in price. Cf. makehewa. m a k e w a i . Thirst; thirsty. For example see iho, 6. m a k e w a l e . T o die of itself, to die without cause, to die or wilt easily. 'O ka mea make wale (Oihk. 22.8), that which dieth of itself, m a k i . T o march. Eng.

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m a k i

m < i k o ' i o l e . To hold the breath, of divers. Rare. m a k o k o . 1. Fresh-water leech or bloodsucker. Cf. koko, blood. 2. Reddish. Cf. he'e-makoko, loli-makoko. 3. A variety of taro, used for red poi. ( H P 22.) Also called nohu. m a k o l e . 1. Inflamed eye; red-eyed; red-hot; red or yellow, as dying leaves; red, as a tinted cloud. Makole, makole 'akahi (For. 5:339), so red-eyed, red-eyed [said tauntingly of Pele, referring to her fires], h o ' o m a k o l e . To cause redness or soreness of the eyes. 2. Slightly decomposed pinkish octopus, relished by some; to t u r n pinkish, as octopus. Also called he'e pulu. h o ' o m S k o l e . To prepare squid in this fashion. 3. Rainbow. Po makole, night with a [lunar] rainbow. 4. A small, smooth, succulent herb ( N e r tera granadensis, commonly known as N. depressa), creeping on d a m p forest floors, a member of the coffee family with small ovate leaves and round, red to yellow, berry-like fruits. (Neal 697.) m £ k o l e a . Bold, shameless. Obs. m & k o l e k o l e . Hedup. of makole, 1, 2, 3. Ua makolekole, a rain with rainbow colors, m a k o l e l a u . Leaf turning yellow or red, or drying. Hare. m a k o l c - m a k o p i ' i . A native moss (Thuidium hawaiiense). the plants branching in one_plane, looking like small ferns. Also called makopi'i, maka-'opi'i, limu-makole-maka-'opVi, kale-makapi'i. m a k o l i . F r a g m e n t : tiny bit, as of small shavings. Cf. koli, to whittle, h o ' o m a k o l i . T o cut into small bits, to render small or fine, m a k o l o . Same as kolo, to creep, m a k o l o a . Same as makaloa, a sedge, m f t k o l o k o l o . Same as honohono, the; wandering Jew. Lit., creeper. I l i a k o l o k o l o p a . Same as kolokolopd, young of goatfish. m a k o l l l . 1. Thick, heavy, deep, as clouds; thickcoated, as d u s t ; laden, as a high chief with taboo. 2. Net mesh large enough to admit t h e e n t r a n c e of three fingers: a net with such a mesh; threeply, as sennit. Of. makahi, mdlua. m & k o l u k o l u . Redup. of makolu\ c h u b b y . He papa makolukolu, a thick plank. Ka-lani-nuimakolukolu-i-kekapu (name), the great chief thickly surrounded by taboo, m a k o m a k o . Redup. of mako, 1. Obs. h o ' o m & k o m a k f i . Large, billowy; to increase, enlarge. m a k o n a , m a s o n a . Mason. Eng. Hui makona, Masons' society, m a k o n a . H a r d , mean, hard-hearted, malevolent, implacable, nasty. h o ' o m & k o n & . T o a c t mean, h a r d , etc. m d k o p i ' i . Same as mdkole-mdkdpi'i, a moss, m a k o u . X. All native and introduced species of b u t t e r c u p s (Ra?iunculus), coarse herbs with subdivided leaves and small yellow flowers. (Neal 303.) Also called 'awa- Kanaloa. 2. A n a t i v e perennial herb (Peucedanum sandwicense), in t h e parsley family, with coarse leaves m u c h subdivided and tuberous roots t h a t were used medicinally. 3. A native fern {Botruchium subbifoliatum), with fronds fan-shaped a n d lobed much like leaves of buttercups. 4. T o blush; red. as with s u n b u r n : bloodshot. 5. Kukui lamps, as burned all night while court r e t a i n e r s told stories to the chiefs; courtiers who told such stories; venerable statesmen who had served u n d e r three kings, presumably in t h r e e generations, perhaps so called because t h e makou torch consisted of three strings of kukui nuts, m & k o u . We, us (plural, exclusive). ( P P N akimaulolu, kimatou: perhaps -kima- P P N f o r m s correspond to P M P kami, with m e t a t h e s i s . Hawaiian -kou probably corresponds t o kolu, three.) m £ k u . 1. Firm, h a r d ; thick, stiff, as molasses; jellied, solidified; to gel, harden; to settle, as

m a k i . To roll, fold. He aha ka me a i makx 'ia ai keia moena, why was this m a t rolled up? m & k l a . 1. Aim, motto, purpose; to aim or strive for, to c o n c e n t r a t e on, 'Onipa'a ka LiWu-okalani makia, stand firm was Lili'u-o-kalani's m o t t o . 2. Pin, nail, wedge, spike, stake, bolt; to nail, bolt, crucify, pin; to establish, as a kingdom (For. 4:215); to destroy by sorcery; to drive stakes, as in surveying. Makia Ha ma ka la'au ke'a, nailed to t h e cross, m & k l ' a . M a y b e , perhaps, probably. Maki'a o uhaele aku kdua, we'll probably go. m a k i a w a . R o u n d herring (Etrumeus micropus); c o m m o n in estuaries, as a t Pearl H a r b o r . Also called mikiawa, 'omaka. m a k i k a . 1. Mosquito. Eng. In t h e Bible, makika is used for "lice" (Puk. 8.16) and "diverse sorts of flies" (Hal. 105.31). 2. P l a n t blight t h a t a t t a c k e d sweet potato, taro, and other food crops, believed caused b y mosquitoes, m a k i k i . 1. Same as kiki, to peck. Rare. Makiki moa, cockfight. 2. T y p e of stone used as weights for octopus lures (Malo 19), and for adzes. Obs. m a k l k o e . Long, tall, slender, as a tree, m & k i l a . M a u i n a m e for manai, needle, m a k l l l . To crack, a p p e a r through a crack, come to light; to come off, as shingles; cracked, split open. He la makili Ion ka uka (For. 6:299), a sun j u s t peering forth in t h e uplands. Ua makili max ka malamalama ma ka hakahaka o ka puka, t h e light shows through t h e open space of the door, h o ' o m a k l l i . To open a crack; to crack. Ho'omakili ka papa, t h e board is cracked, m & k l l l . A d r o p ; to drop, as water. Of. kili hau, kilihune, Hal. 37.25_. He ivahi makili hou, a drop of p e r s p i r a t i o n . Makili 'ai, to eat j u s t a little. Makili li'ili'i ka wax (Kep. 165), add a little water [as in mixing poi]. m & k l l l k t l l . Itedup. of makili. m & k i l o . To eye wistfully, to look at longingly, to beg thus, m a k l m a k i . Same as 'o'opu-hue, puffer, m a k i n l . 1. G r o u p of spears tied together, used as a battering ram in war (from maka kini, m a n y points). 2. M a n y d e a t h s ; death-inflicting, d e a t h l y (from make kini, m a n y deaths). 3. Gourd mask, as used by canoemen. m £ k i n i k & . 1. Monkey. Fig., ugly person; ugly. Eng. 2. (Cap.) Hawaiian whalers' n a m e for Eskimo, m a k i n i k e l a . Martingale. Eng. m & k l n l k i n i . Hilly; notched, as a ridge. m&kG. 1. Rough, rocky; largo. Manoanoa mehe pali mako (chant), thick as a rock cliff. 2* Similar to makona, mean. Obs. m a k o a . 1. Fearless, courageous, aggressive. Cf. koa, brave, h o ' o m a k o a . T o a c t bravely. 2. Similar to makona. Obs. Pulu a'u lehua i ka makoa (For. 5:47), my lehua trees are wet in the implacable [elements], m & k o ' a . Coral head in t h e sea. m a k o ' a k o ' a . Plural of mako'a. m & k o e . To rake, strip, scrape away, rn&ko'e. Var. of makole, 1. (AP.) m f t k o e i . Tedious, wearisome, difficult, as a t a s k ; hard to get along with, of a person. Rare. m & k o h l . 1. Same as kohi, 1, to dig. 2. A red variety of taro, used for pink poi, sometimes qualified by t h e colors 'ele'ele or 'ula'ula. Also called mokohi. M f i k o h l - l a n i . N a m e of a star. See Makaha, 2. m a k o i . 1. Fishing pole (also called mokoi). Cf. makoi kanaka. Ka makoi, to fish with a pole. 2. Same as makona. (AP.) 3. Also m a g o i . Magi, magicians. Biblical. m & k o i e l e . T o teeter, seesaw; to swing on a single rope. Obs. m & k o i k a n a k a . A sport of s t r e n g t h : players lie on the ground, with bodies rigid. T h e y are lifted up f r o m t h e back and hoisted t o their feet. —

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m a 1a h i a

dregs; to thicken, as c r e a m ; dregs, sediment, l e e s , ho'om&kfi. T o c a u s e t o h a r d e n , s o l i d i f y , g e l ; t o l o w e r , a s c l o u d s . Fig., t o s h o w o f f . 2 . S a m e a s koki'o, a n a t i v e hibiscus, m a k u a . P a r e n t , a n y r e l a t i v e of t h e p a r e n t s ' generation, as uncle, aunt, cousin; Catholic f a t h e r ; m a i n s t a l k of a p l a n t ; a d u l t ; f u l l - g r o w n , m a t u r e , o l d e r , s e n i o r . Fig., b e n e f a c t o r , p r o v i d e r , a n y o n e who cares for one; the Lord (God). Kamika Makua, S m i t h S e n i o r . Makua Laiana, t h e n a m e of t h e H a w a i i a n s f o r t h e R e v . L o r e n z o L y o n s , since, t h e y i o o k e d t o h i m a s c h i l d r e n t o a p a r e n t . 'O ko makou Makua i loko o ka lani, o u r F a t h e r w h o a r t i n h e a v e n . Mana'o au, 'o ko'u makua aku ana keia, I b e l i e v e t h i s o n e will b e t h e o n e w h o will c a r e f o r m e i n t h e f u t u r e [ m a y b e s a i d of a c h i l d ] , ho'omakua. T o g r o w i n t o m a t u r i t y ; t o m a t u r e ; t o a c t t h e p a r t of a p a r e n t ; t o f o s t e r , a d o p t , a s a c h i l d ; t o call or t r e a t a s a p a r e n t ; t o a d d r e s s a s p a r e n t , a u n t , or uncle one related by affection rather than by blood or a d o p t i o n ; t o b e c o m e e s t a b l i s h e d or p e r m a n e n t . Ua ho'omakua aku au nona, I b e c a m e h i s p a r e n t o r g u a r d i a n . ' A ' o l e ho'i e ho'omakua aku 'oukou i kekahi kanaka ( M a t . 23.9), a n d c a l l n o m a n y o u r f a t h e r . '0 kou ahonui ka i ho'omakua mat nei ia'u (Hal. 18.35), y o u r gentleness has m a d e me great. ( P P N matu'a, PMP tuqa.)

makua.

sunfish.

1 . P l u r a l of makua.

2.

Same as

kiinehi,

ni&ku'a. V a r . of maku'e, makua ali'I, makualll.

dark-brown, Progenitor, patriarch, h e a d of a t r i b e ; d u k e ( I o s . 1 3 . 2 1 , K i n . 3 6 . 1 5 ) . makuahlne, makuwahine. M o t h e r , a u n t , f e m a l e c o u s i n o r r e l a t i v e of p a r e n t s ' g e n e r a t i o n . Lit., f e m a l e p a r e n t . 'Olelo makuahine, mother t o n g u e , ho'omakuahlne. T o a c t a s o r c l a i m makuahine. t o b e a makuahine; t o t r e a t as a

m a k u a h l n e . P l u r a l of

makuahine hanauna.

makuahine.

F e m a l e c o u s i n of t h e p a r e n t s ' g e n e r a t i o n . Lit., g e n e r a t i o n m o t h e r , makuahine kolea. S t e p m o t h e r . Lit., p l o v e r mother.

makuahine makua.

A u n t w h o is o l d e r sister o r c o u s i n of t h e f a t h e r o r m o t h e r . Lit., older mother. makuahine Tipio. A u n t w h o is y o u n g e r s i s t e r of t h e f a t h e r o r m o t h e r . Lit., y o u n g m o t h e r , makuahine papakema. G o d m o t h e r . makuahAnowal. R a r e v a r . of makuahundwai.

niakuahunOwai, makuahunoai.

Parent-in-

l a w ; u n c l e - o r a u n t - i n - l a w ; c o u s i n of p a r e n t - i n l a w (sex m a y b e d e s i g n a t e d b y a d d i t i o n of kane, m a l e , o r wahine, female). Ho'ohoihoi makuahunowai, a n i n - l a w w a y t o p l e a s e [of o n e w h o s e first e n t h u s i a s m f a d e s ] . Kona mau makuahundwai (Laie 613), his parents-in-law. makua k^ne. F a t h e r , u n c l e , m a l e c o u s i n of p a r e n t s ' g e n e r a t i o n . Lit., male parent, ho'omakua kane. T o a c t a s o r c l a i m t o b e a makua kane \ t o a d d r e s s o r t r e a t a s a makua kane. makua kane. P l u r a l of makua kane. makua kane hanauna. M a l e c o u s i n of t h e p a r e n t s ' g e n e r a t i o n . Lit., g e n e r a t i o n f a t h e r , S t e p f a t h e r . Lit., plover

makua kane kolea. father.

makua kane makua.

U n c l e w h o is o l d e r b r o t h e r o r c o u s i n of t h e f a t h e r o r m o t h e r . Lit., older father. makua kane 'Opto. U n c l e w h o i s y o u n g e r b r o t h e r of t h e f a t h e r o r m o t h e r . Lit., young father. makua kane papakema. G o d f a t h e r . M a k u a - k a ' O m a n a . N a m e of a s t a r , s a i d t o b e in t h e K a u l u a constellation, m a k t i a k e a h u . S p i r i t of a l i v i n g p e r s o n , makua kdiea. S t e p p a r e n t . Lit., p l o v e r p a r e n t , makuakua. 1 . R e d u p . of makua-, a g e d , o l d . Ua makuakua kela kanaka, t h a t p e r s o n is o l d . 2. Coarse, thick, as cloth; furrowed, as plowed

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l a n d . 3 . A v a r i e t y of g r a s s . 4 . Y o u n g of makua, a fish. maku'aku'a. S a m e a s maku'eku'e, 1. makuali'l. S a m e a s makua ali'i. makua lua. V e r y o l d . ( F o r . 6 : 4 0 0 ) . Lit., d o u b l y mature. makua-o-ka-limu-kohu. A s e a w e e d . Lit., p a r e n t of t h e limu-kohu.

makua-o-ka-llpoa. 2 7 4 . ) Lit., kumu-lipoa.

parent

makua papakema. parent.

makua priest.

'uhane.

of

Sponge the

crab.

hpoa

(Ed.

seaweed.

G o d p a r e n t . Lit., Spiritual

268,

Cf.

baptismal

father,

Catholic

maku'e. 1.

D a r k b r o w n , a n y d a r k c o l o r . Lole maku'e (2 O i h n 1 2 . 7 ) , p u r p l e . Poni maku'e, dark p u r p l e . 'Ulamaku'e, d a r k or purplish red. Kanaka 'Hi maku'e o ka moana Pakipika, darks k i n n e d n a t i v e of t h e P a c i f i c O c e a n . 2 . F r o w n , scowl; t o f r o w n , scowl. 3. A n a t i v e fern (Elaphoglossum hirtum), with long, narrow, u n d i vided fronds, which a r e coated on b o t h sides w i t h soft, b r o w n scales, maku'eku'e. 1. R e d u p . of maku'e, 1, 2. 2. B u n c h grass, maku'e-lau-li'i. A s m a l l n a t i v e f e r n ( P o l y p o dium hookeri), with narrow, unbranched fronds t h r e e to nine inches long, clothed with long, d a r k - r e d h a i r s . Lit., s m a l l - l e a v e d maku'e.

m a k u ' l . J o i n t , joining. Obs.

makuika, makulsa. M a r q u i s . Eng. makukana. T h e b o x f i s h (Lactoria makflkoa'e. T r o p i c b i r d p h a n t o m ,

fornasini). a poetic n a m e f o r d e a t h a n d the. s p i r i t of d e a t h . La makukoa'e 'oia, t h e t r o p i c bird p h a n t o m is h o v e r i n g o v e r h i m [he is d y i n g ] , makfikfl. R e d u p . of maku, 1. m a k u l e . A g e d , o l d , of p e o p l e . C f . 'elemakule, old m a n .

m a k u l u . 1. Var. of nakulu.

Makulu

ka not. i ka

lehua, t h e m i s t d r i p s u p o n t h e lehua flowers. 2 . (Cap.) Saturn, m a k u m a . S a m e a s hakuma. Makuma ke aloha, love intense, makumaka. R e d u p . of maku; t h i c k , h e a v y -

m a k u m a k u m a . R e d u p . of

makuma.

m a k u ' u . 1 . T o p k n o t of h a i r ; p o m m e l , h o r n , of a s a d d l e ; e n d p i e c e s of a c a n o e ; n e c k c u t o n t h e s t e r n e n d of a c a n o e h u l l h e w n i n t h e m o u n tains, to which a rope was fastened for dragging t h e c a n o e t o t h e s e a . 2 . H u n d l e , a s of w h i t e t a p a fastened to ridgepole during certain cerem o n i e s . ( M a l o 171.) 3 . U n c o n t r o l l a b l e b o w e l d i s c h a r g e , a s a f t e r e a t i n g g r e a t q u a n t i t i e s of wolu (walu), a fish; to h a v e such discharge, makuwahine. V a r . s p e l l i n g of makuahine. mala. 1 . A c h i n g , a s a f t e r u n a c c u s t o m e d e x e r c i s e ; s t i f f a n d s o r e ; b r u i s e d , ho'omala. T o c a u s e s u c h a n a c h i n g . ( P P N mala, perhaps P M P walat.) 2 . S o u r , a s f e r m e n t e d s w e e t p o t a t o ; i n s i p i d . 3 . S a m e a s 'ahui, b u n c h , a s of b a n a n a s , mala. G a r d e n , p l a n t a t i o n , c u l t i v a t e d field, a s mala 'ai, mala kalo, mala ko, mala kulina, mala pua, mala 'uala. mala 'al. T a r o p a t c h , f o o d g a r d e n o r p l a n t a t i o n .

M a l a e . M a l a y a ; M a l a y . Eng. - m a l a e . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a l a e . friendship.

To

feign

m a l a ' e . C l e a r , c a l m ; c l e a r of w e e d s , a s a field; s e r e n e , a s a c l o u d l e s s s k y . ho'omala'e. T o clear, explain clearly; to calm, cheer, dispel g l o o m ; t o clear a w a y , a s b r u s h or weeds, mala'ea. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of mala'e. ho'omaia'ea. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of ho'omala'e.

m a i a ' e l a ' e . R e d u p . of mala'e. m a i a h l . S h o r t f o r ma'alahi.

malahia.

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P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of mala,

1, Z.

—

m a 1a i

m a l a i . Var. of palai, 2. m a l a i a . Passive/imperative of mala, soured; a sour disposition; crosspatch. m a l a i l a . See laila. m a l a l l e n a . 1. Bitter, sour; sour disposition (For. 6:502). h o ' o m a l a l l e n a . To cause sourness; to embitter. 2. A kind of 'ahi, a fish. M a l a i l u a . 1. N a m e of a strong, blustering wind a t N u ' u - a n u ; to blow, of this wind. 2. ( N o t cap.) Hornless goat or cow (said t o be named for a particular goat a t Kona, Hawaii). (AP.) m a l a l o a . Broken into small or m i n u t e particles, as d u s t . Obs. m a l a k e k e . Molasses. Eng. M a l a k i . M a r c h . Eng. m a l a k i a . Rare var. of malahia. 'Etia malakia ka 'ili i ka 'oli'oli (chant), t h e skin is hurt, sore with joy. malakile, m a r a t i r e . Martyr,

m&la l a ' a u h u a ' a l . Orchard,

m & l a l a i o a . 1. A thill person; thin. Obs. For example see wilimo'o. 2. Person skilled in trade or occupation. (Malo 194, 201.) Obs. m a l a l e l . Hold in lua fighting, m a l a l o . See laic. m a l a l u a . Aching greatly. m a l a m a . 1. Light; m o n t h . Of. lama, torch. 2. Perhaps. Rare. Malama o ulu mai ka 'ano'ano, perhaps the seeds will grow, m a l a m a . 1. To t a k e care of, care for, preserve; to keep or observe, as a taboo; to conduct, as a service; to serve, honor, as God; care, preservation, s u p p o r t ; fidelity, loyalty; custodian, caretaker. Of. malama hale, malama moku, malama pu'olo. Malama makua, one who cares for parents. Malama wahine_, caring for one's wife. Malama i kou makua kane, honor your f a t h e r . Malama kauoha, obey orders. Malama La Kapaki, keeping the S a b b a t h . E ku'u Akua, e malama au ia 'oe ma ka no'ono'o, O my God, let me serve you in t h o u g h t . Malama pono! He careful! Look out! 'O ka ho'olohe a me ka malama pono i ke aupuni, obedience and fidelity due t h e government. Ka malama 'ole i ko ha'i ola, negligence of the lives of others. 2. P a n creas. 3. Hold in lua fighting, m a l a m a h a l e . C u s t o d j a n of a house, janitor, housekeeper. Kahu malama hale, housekeeper. m & l a m a - k a - ' G p u a - h l k l . Hold in lua fighting. Lit., t h e rising cloud bank preserves. m a l a m a - k a ' £ . Hold in lua fighting. Lit., watch opposition. m a i a m a - k f l l o k o . A hold in lua fighting. Lit., watch within. m i l l a i n a - k Q w a h o . A hold in lua fighting. Lit., watch without, m a l a m a l a . Redup. of mala, 1, 2. h o ' o m a l a m a l a . T o leave so as to sour, as mashed sweet p o t a t o to be eaten as poi. m & l a m a l a m a . 1. R e d u p . of malama, l; light of knowledge, clarity of_thinking or explanation; shining, clear. Ka malamalama o ka 'akau, northern lights, h o ' o m & l a m a l a m a . T o cause light, brighten, illuminate, enlighten, inform. 2. Probably a variety of hilu, a fish; the n a m e m a y be qualified by t h e colors 'ula and uli. m a l a m a m o k u . M a t e of a ship. Malama moku 'ekahi, first mate, m a l a m a o l a . To s u p p o r t financially; means of livelihood. Malama ola ka'awale, separate maintenance. Ua ho'opi'i 'ia no ka malama ola 'ole, he was sued for n o n s u p p o r t . m a l a m a p l V o l o . Keeper of bundles, especially for objects used in sorcery; to keep such bundles. Kanaka pupuka malama pu'olo, evil person who cares for sorcery objects in a bundle,

m a l a m a walhona puke. Librarian,

m a l a n a . Same as manana. m a i a n a . 1. Buoyant, light; to float, as canoes; to move together, as people; unsteady, shallow-

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rooted. h o ' o m a l a n a . To make b u o y a n t , lighten. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a star. M a l a n a i . N a m e of a gentle breeze, m a i a n a i . Similar to jpandnai, shallow. He ua malanai wale iho no keia, this is just a light rain, m a i a n a l a n a . R e d u p . of malana, l. m a l a n a ' o p l . Unstable, a b o u t to collapse, as an old house. Rare. m a l a n i . Sketchy, not deep, superficial, as of knowledge, emotion, a sore; obvious or plain r a t h e r t h a n p r o f o u n d ; mild, as of sickness. He 'ike malani kona i ka hula, he has a superficial knowledge of t h e hula, m a l a ' o . Same as la'o, 1; aggravating, annoying, m a l a o a . Sad, sorrowful; moping over one's woes. Obs. m a i a ' o l a ' o . 1. R e d u p . of mala'o. 2. Twilight. Obs. m a l a p u a . Flower garden. m a l a u . 1. Canoe b a i t carrier, some t w o or three f a t h o m s long, with holes pierced in the sides and b o t t o m to a d m i t water, as used for bonito fishing. Ua huli ka malau, t h e bait carrier is overturned (the project is completed]. 2. Calm, as t h e sea. Obs. 3. Spoiled, decomposed, as m e a t or fish. Obs. - m a l a u . (With ho'o-) h o ' o m a l a u . Skeptical, unbelieving, irreverent, m a l a u e a . Lazy. m a i a u l a u . To trade, peddle. Obs. Cf. ma'au'auwa. m a l a w a l n a . Vineyard. Lit., grape garden, m a l e . 1. Phlegm, mucus f r o m lungs or t h r o a t . 2. Young uhu, a fish. Also 'omale. 3. Also m a r e . Marriage, m a t r i m o n y , wedding; to marry. Eng. 'Oki male, divorce. Wahine male hou, bride. Kane male hou, groom. Male lehulehu, polygamy, polyandry, bigamy. Ua ho'opili 'ia ma ka perita ma'ema'e o ka male, united in t h e clean bonds of m a t r i m o n y . Ua male 'ia laua, they were married. Hele mai 'oe i ko maua male 'ana, come to our wedding, h o ' o m a l e . T o perform t h e marriage ceremony, to marry off; t o force into marriage. 4. A card game, m a i e h a l e h a . Twilight. (Isa. 5.11.) m a i e h u l e h u . R a r e var. of molehulehu, twilight, m a i e l . 1. Short for mai'a-malei. 2. (Cap.) T h e n a m e of a goddess who watched over t h e uhu (fish) of M a k a - p u ' u Point, m a i e i - ' u l a . Same as mai'a-malei-'ula. M a l e k a . America. Eng. For example see lohi, 2. m a l e l a . Lazy, idle. m a l e l e . Scattered here and there, spreading here and there. Kanu malele, to p l a n t in various places. Leo malele, far-reaching voice. h o ' o m a l e l e . To scatter, distribute. Obs. m a i e n a . 1. Ashes used as medicine, as of b a m boo or makaloa reed. 2. Tight, t a u t . 3 . Yellow, m a i e n a l e n a . R e d u p . of maiena. m a l e u w O , m a l e u o . Rough, as the sea. Obs. m a l e w a . To sway, move to and fro, pass b y ; passer-by. m a l e w a . N e t mesh wide enough for t h e entire hand to pass t h r o u g h . Cf. maha, mahae. m a l l . 1. To flatter, soothe, persuade with soft words, cajole; to speak gently. Ua puni au i kau mali leo 'ana mai, I believed your flattering words. 2. To tie, as b a i t to a hook, hook to a line, f e a t h e r s t o a lei, or the end of a rope so t h a t it will not u n r a v e l ; a string used for such purposes. rnalla. 1. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of mali, 2. Ua pa'a i ka lino pawalu i malia i ke aho makali'i (chant for K a l a k a u a ) , m a d e fast t o an eight-ply line, bound on with fine-meshed string. 2 . Perhaps, m a y b e (usually followed by o or paha). Malia o hele au, m a y b e I'll go. Alalia paha o lohe aku, perhaps [they] will hear, m a l i a . R a r e var. of malie.

— 214 —

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m a 1u

m a l i ' a . 1. Same as malia, 3. 2. T o recollect; a sign of the f u t u r e . Cf. hali'a. m a l i e . Calm, quiet, still, gentle; calmly, slowly, quietly. Noho malie, keep still, sit still. 'Ai malie, to eat slowly. Malie ke kai me ka makani, the sea and wind are calm. Lana malie ka mana'o, to think quietly, h o ' o m a i l e . T o calm, quiet, hush, soothe, m a i l e l i e . Redup. of malie. - m a l i h l a . (With Info-) h o ' o m a l l h l a . Passive/ imperative of mali, 2. m a l l h i n l . Stranger, newcomer, guest; one unfamiliar with a place or c u s t o m ; new, unusual, rare, or of foreign origin; for the first time. Ka'u malihini, my guest [cf. ko'u kama'aina). La'au malihini, non-native plant. Ka hele malihini 'ana mai keia ao aku a hiki i keia ao, the first trip f r o m this world to the other world [translation of "Pilgrim's Progress"]. He mea malihini keia i ku'u maka, I ' v e never seen t h a t before; I've seen this rarely, h o ' o m a l l h l n l . To be or act as a stranger, guest; to reveal t h a t guests are coming, as by omens. Ke ho'omalihini mai nei kahi moa a kakou, our chicken reveals t h a t guests are coming.

mall'I. Var. of malili.

- m a l l k o . (With ho'o-) h o ' o m a l l k o . To refuse respect, discredit. (AP.) m a l l k o . 1. To bud, as leaves. 2. Transparent, as small fish of some species, as manini; a stage of growth of fish. Cf. 'ohua-liko. m a l l l a . Ghostly, shadowy. Obs. O ka malila mohai a Kaulu-lani, nona ke aka ka hihi'o i ka po nei (chant for Kua-kini), t h e ghostly offering of Kaulu-lani, to him belonged the shadow, the fleeting dream of last night, m a l l l i . Blighted, withered, stunted, as fruits. Hua'ai malili (Kanl. 28.22), blasted fruit, m a l l m a l l . Same as mali. 1. h o ' o m a l l m a l l . T o flatter (Hal. 78.36); to mollify with soft words or a gift; to soothe, quiet, m a l i n a . 1. Calming, soothing. See mali, 1. 2. Sisal {Agave sisalana), a tropical American plant grown for its fiber; used for rope, twine, hula skirts. T h e plant forms a huge rosette of stiff, straight leaves (to six feet by six inches). (Neal 189.) 3. T o splice, as rope. 4. Also m a r i n a . Marine. Eng. m a l t n o . Calm, quiet, as t h e sea; peaceful, as one's spirits; smooth, as ironing nicely done. Malino ke kai, the sea is calm. ( P P N lingo, P M P lingaw.) m a l l n o l i n o . Redup. of malino. m a l l ' o . Dawn light, twilight, especially as it pierces t h e shadows of night. But cf. UL 63. 'O ka mali'o o ke aka, 'o aka lei mali'o (For. 0:381), t h e dawn light in the shadows, shadows thrown off by the dawning. m a i l p o l l p o . Shady; deep, dark shade. Ho'okaka'a 'ia mai e ke ahe ka lau malipolipo, moved by the breezes are the leaves t h a t cast deep shade. m a l l u . 1. T o heed, give attention, listen, look upon with favor, t u r n toward. E maliu mai i ka leo o ka makua, heed t h e word of the parent, h o ' o m a l l u . T o cause to heed, heed. Ho'omaliu 'ia aku ke Akua, God was entreated. 2. {Cap.) N a m e of a star, m a l l ' u . 1. Well salted. Fig., seasoned with wisdom. 2. Depth of tone; deep tone or sound, of the h u m a n voice, m a l o . 1. Male's loincloth; c h a n t in praise of a chief's loincloth. Malo 'eka, dirty malo [said of farmers in dry areas]. 2. Leaf sheath t h a t protects the young leaves of t h e breadfruit tree, sometimes called malo 'ulu.

malO. Var. of malo'o. m a l O . T a u t , firm, straight. Kino maio, straight body. Ku a malo, stand straight. Malo pono, t a u t . h o ' o m a l O . T o make straight, firm, as a cord; to tighten.

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m a i o ' e l o ' e . 1. Aching, stiff, as f r o m unaccustomed exercise. Also lo'elo'e. h o ' o m a l o ' e l o ' e . Causative/simulative. (Ier. 9.5.) 2. T a u t , firm, as a rope. m a l o h l . Drowsy, sleepy, sluggish, h o ' o m a l o h l . T o act drowsy, sleepy; to cause drowsiness, sleepiness, m a i o h i l o h l . Redup. of malohi. m a i o ' l . T o well up, of tears in the eyes; to form puddles, pools, m a l o k a . Sceptical, unbelieving, h o ' o m a l o k a . Same as above. (1 Kor. 7.12.) m a l o k a i . Loincloth worn in the sea; to wear a loincloth in t h e sea, i.e., to go swimming or fishing; poetic name for t h e sea, which acts as malo for the bather. E malo kai kakou i wahi mea e 'ai ai, let's wet our loincloths so as to get something to eat [a circumlocution; to mention t h a t one was going fishing was t h o u g h t to bring bad luck], m a l o k e a . White loincloth, an epithet for a female priest enjoying masculine privileges and exemption f r o m female taboos; in particular she might enter the heiau temple where female deities were worshipped, m a l o k o . See loko. m a l o l o . 1. To rest, pause, a d j o u r n ; a d j o u r n ment, pause, h o ' o m a l o l o . T o cease work for a time, recess; a d j o u r n temporarily. Cf. la ho'omalolo. 2. Low, of a tide, h o ' o m a l o l o . Causative/simulative, m a l o l o . 1. General term for Hawaiian flying fishes. This name m a y be qualified by the terms 'eheu-la, 'eheu-'ula, and hapu'u. Fig., fickle person who_ leaps f r o m m a t e to mate. 2. See kauna'oa-malolo. m a i O l o h l . Same as malohilohi. m a l o l o h i a . Passive/imperative of maldlohi. Ku malolohia Puna i ka ua 'awa. P u n a s t a n d s sluggish in the cold rain, m a l o ' o . Dry, dried up, evaporated; stale as bread; drought, dryness, h o ' o m a l o ' o . To dry out; to season, as lumber; tracing, as of genealogy (For. 4:179). m a l o ' o h a h a . Very dry. as some turkey m e a t ; arid. Fig., cold, devoid of animation or expression. m a l o - o - L l l o a . Lua fighting hold. Lit., malo of Liloa. m a l o w a l . A loincloth wet in fresh water; it was taboo to a p p e a r in a chief's presence in such disrespectful array, and death was said to be a penalty. m a l u . Shade, shelter, protection, peace, control, strength (Kanl. 33.25); shaded, peaceful, quiet; under taboo; reserved, held a p a r t ; taboo; t h e stillness and awe of taboo. Ke'ena malu, any private or restricted room. Ma ka malu o kona "eheu, within t h e shelter of his wings. Ka'a i ka malu o, still being cherished, fostered. No ka waiho wale 'ana no ia mea ma kona malu, for the retention of this thing for his protection. He malu ka nohona, life is protected, peaceful. Ua malu neia kino mamuli o ko leo, this person is set a p a r t because of your wish. Malalo o ka malu o keia kulanakauhale, under t h e control of this city, h o ' o m a l u . T o bring under the care and protection of, to protect; to keep quiet, still, as during taboo; to restrict, confine, quarantine; to rule over, govern, make peace between warring parties; to suspend, as a license; to preside, as a t a meeting; probation. Cf. hale ho'omalu, luna ho'omalu. Ho'omalu ma'i, q u a r a n tine. Panako ho'omalu 'ia, security b a n k ; lit., protected. Ho'omalu 'ia ka Hale, t h e House was called to order. Ua ho'omalu 'ia kakou e ke aupuni, we are protected by t h e government. E_ ho'omalu kakou 'oiai e ho'omaka ana ka halawai, let us be quiet while t h e meeting begins. Ka po'e hewa i ho'omalu 'ia, evildoers who were restricted. 'Aha ho'okolokolo ho'omalu, police court. Maka'i ho'omalu po, night-patrol police. Ho'omalu i kou po'e (1 Nal. 3.9), to judge t h y people.

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m a 1u

m a l Q . Secretly, clandestinely, illegally. Lawe malu, to t a k e secretly. Ho'opae malu, to bring ashore illegally, smuggle, m a l u a . 1. N e t mesh large enough to a d m i t t h e entrance of two fingers; a net of such a mesh; two-ply. Cf. makahi. 2. (Cap.) Sea breeze, famous in song. 3. Depression or cavity of any size. (AP.) M & l u a - h e l e . Wind, well known on Kauai, said to _blow f r o m t h e northwest. Lit., traveling Malua. M a l u a - k e l e . T r a d e wind, as on n o r t h Kauai. Lit., d a m p Malua. M a l u a - k l ' i - w a i . Sea breeze accompanied by showers, known a t Hilo. Also Malualua-ki'iwai. Lit., Malua fetching water. Also called Huehu._Malua-ki'i-wai ke aloha, ho'opulu i ka liko mamane (song), greetings to t h e waterfetching M a l u a breeze, bringing moisture to the mamane buds, m a i u a l u a . 1. Rough, b u m p y , uneven, full of r u t s or puddles. Cf. lua, hole. 2. (Cap.) N o r t h wind,_known at M a u i and Oahu. For example see pahili. m a l u a ' i l i a . T y p e of t a p a stainod with dye made of kukui bark, m a l u h a . Mallow bush. (Ioba 30.4.)

maluhi. Same as maluhiluhi. ho'omaluhl.

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load; to ease pain; t o cheer. E ho'omàmà 'oe i kou kaumaha, ease your grief. 3. Mama, mother. Eng. m a m a e . Redup. of mae\ sickly, listless; weakening or withering effect of pain; wan or pale, as a f t e r illness; crestfallen, as a f t e r enthusiasm is squelched,

m a m a l k t . See

pupu-mamaiki.

m a m a k a . 1. To p u t f o r t h buds, to bud; green. Mamaka hou, to bud anew. Cf. maka, bud. 2. A variety of kava. ( H P 202.) m a m a k a . 1. Horizontal carrying stick, borne over t h e shoulders; to carry this stick. Ua mamaka lakou i ka huaka'i a ke ali'i, they bore carrying sticks on t h e chief's journey. 2. A game: one person grasps hjs own ankles f r o m t h e back; others stick a mamaka pole between his a r m s and his back and carry him, as they would a bundle. A more difficult variant is t h a t one person m a y a t t e m p t to carry two persons single-handed, m a m a k a k a u a . C o m p a n y of warriors. Lit., carriers of war. Cf. 'Ahahui Mamakakaua. m a m a k a w a l u . R e d u p . of makaualu. He mamakawalu làkou i loko o 'I (chant), they are m a n y in t h e 'I family, m a m a k e . 1. R e d u p . of make, 1 ; to die, of several; t o wilt, wither, of p l a n t s . 2. Colloquial for makemake, to want, like, m a m a k i . .Small n a t i v e trees (Pipturus spp.) with broad white-backed leaves and white mulberry-like f r u i t ; t h e bark yielded a fiber valued for a kind of t a p a . similar to t h a t made f r o m wauke b u t coarser. O f t e n misspelled mamake. (Neal 272.) m a r n a l a . R e d u p . of mala.

Same as ho'omaluhiluhi. m a l u h i a . Peace, quiet; serenity; s a f e t y ; solemn awe and stillness t h a t reigned during some of t h e ancient taboo ceremonies; peaceful, restful. E ho'omaha me ka maluhia, rest in peace, h o ' o m a l u h l a . To cause or give peace, protect; to a r b i t r a t e between warring parties, m a l u h i l u h i . Tired, weary; tiresome, wearisome, fatiguing, h o ' o m a i u h l l u h l . T o cause fatigue, exhaust, tire; tiresome, exhausting. 'A'ohe waiwni o ka hele 'ana, he ho'omaluhiluhi, there's no use going, it wears one out. m a l u k o ' i . Services for c u t t i n g 'ohi'a logs for images, or for consecrating adzes to be used for carving images. Fig., shadow of death, deep gloom ( P H 25, For. 4 :218-219). Lit., adze taboo. M a l u - l a n i . N a m e of a star. Lit., celestial shade, m a l u l e . Limp, weak, flexible; s o f t and fragile, as some eggshells. Cf. ha'i malule, hapai malule. h o ' o m a l u l e . To m a k e lax, limp, weak; to relax, weaken, enfeeble; to shed a hard shell, as of a crab; to change f r o m a caterpillar into a butterfly. Cf. la'au ho'omalule kino. Wai ho'omalule, water of relaxation [liquor], m a l u l e l u l e . Redup. of malule. m a l u l u . Pool t h a t never dries up. (AP.) Cf. lulu, sheltered, m a l u m a k e . Shadow of d e a t h . (Ioba 24.17.) m a l u m a l u . Redup. of malu\ shelter or protection of a n y kind, o f t e n humble. Malumalu akua, shelter or protection of t h e gods. 'A'ole maika'i loa 'o keia hale aka he malumalu, this house is not very good, still it is a shelter. He malumalu hele la, i t ' s protection [for] going in t h e sun. h o ' o m a l u m a l u . To overshadow, shade; darken, as by a cloud. Na kerubima nani e ho'omalumalu i ka noho aloha (Heb. 9.5), t h e c h e r u b i m of glory overshadowing t h e mercy seat. m a l u m a l u h l a . R e d u p . of maluhia.

m a r n a l a h o a . 1. Var. of marnala hoe. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a particular c o m p a n y of warriors of K a m e h a m e h a I. m a r n a l a h o e . N a m e of K a m e h a m e h a 1's f a m o u s law of t h e splintered p a d d l e (lit., paddle f r a g ment) which g u a r a n t e e d t h e safety of the highways to all, as women, children, sick, and aged; t h e law was so called because it was said to have been f o r m u l a t e d a f t e r K a m e h e m e h a had been struck on t h e head with a paddle while his foot was trapped in a crevice. T h e law is o f t e n called marnala hoa. m a m a l a ' O l e l o . Sentence, clause, phrase. Lit., speech f r a g m e n t , m a r n a l i . 1. R e d u p . of mali, 2. m a m a l i h l n l . R e d u p . of malihini-, not well acquainted, s o m e w h a t unaccustomed to or unfamiliar with. Mamalihini au i keia hana, I ' m n o t too well a c q u a i n t e d with this work, m a m a l u . 1. R e d u p . of malu \ protection, defense, shade, covering; protected, shaded. Mamalu hale o Ku, protection of t h e house of K u . h o ' o m a m a l u . To p r o t e c t ; to make s h a d y ; t o cast gloom. 2. Umbrella, parasol. 3 . T y p e of mushroom.

m a l u ' O h i ' a . Taboo ceremonies when an 'ohi'a t r e e was c u t t o be carved into images; t h e log itself. Cf. malu ko'i. m a m a . T o chew, m a s t i c a t e (but not swallow; cf. nau). Kona mau mama 'awa, his k a v a chewers. ( P P N mama, P M P mamaq.) m a m a . 1. Fast, nimble, speedy of movement. Mama i ka hele, fast going, traveling far and f a s t ; said also of an i n f a n t in t h e first stages of walking by himself. Mama i ka holo, fast in running. 2. Light, of weight. Fig., eased, of pain, ache, or distress. Eamama, oxygen. Akemama, lungs. b o ' o m U m l . T o lighten, as a

m a m a m a k e . R e d u p . a n d intensifier of make, 1, t o die, of very m a n y , as in a disaster; m o r e d e a t h s t h a n mamake. m a m a m a l a . Small, little, especially of work. Cf. marnala, f r a g m e n t . He noho wale iho no na ali'i, he 'olu'olu, he mamamala, 'a'ole hana nui, t h e chiefs live in an agreeable way, little work, n o t much work, m a m a m o . Same as marno, s, a fish, m a r n a n e . 1. A n a t i v e leguminous tree (Sophora chrysophylla), which thrives a t high altitudes, u p to t h è tree line, as on M a u n a - k e a and M a u na-loa. T h e leaves are narrow, compound, m o r e or less downy, t h e flowers commonly yellow,

m a r n a l a . 1. F r a g m e n t , splinter, piece. »Vn mamala i koe (Luka il.17), f r a g m e n t s (of food] t h a t remained. 2. Stroke, as of paddle or or war club. 'Ehia mainala newa au i hahau ai? How m a n y club blows did you strike? 3. (Cap.) Old n a m e of Honolulu harbor,

mamalahia. Sour, as poi.

m a l u n a . See luna.

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manakü

the pods four-winged, yellow-seeded. Hawaiians formerly used the hard wood for spades and sled runners. (Neal 388, Kep. 65.) For example see malua-ki'i-wai. Uhiuhi lau mamane, kahi wai o Kapapala, covered with mamane leaves is the water of K a p a p a l a [any concealing, as of scandal; mamane branches are said to have been tossed in this pool at Ka^u to make the mud settle). Kike ka 'ala, uwe ka mamane, rocks crash, the mamane tree weeps [someone weeps when there is a clash]. 2 . Attractive, said of a person sexually appealing but not necessarily good-looking, perhaps so called because of the a t t r a c t i v e flower of t h e mamane tree. 3 . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) m a m a o . 1. F a r , distant; high in rank. Ka-'Ii-mamao (name), the very highest 'I. h o ' o m a m a o , T o keep away; to keep one's distance; to go far; to remove someone to a distance. Jlo'omatnao lani, taboo of unapproachability, of some very high chiefs. 2 . Third or highest platform of the lananu'u-mamao (oracle tower), where the high priest stood as he conducted services. m a m a ' o . 1. Greenish, light green. Cf. ma'o, green. 2 . Same as mamo, 3, a fish, m a m a u . Redup. of mau, 1, 2, 3. F o r example see 'i't, 1. Ua mamau ka 'ai a ka i'a, the fish are really biting. Mamau na ihu, noses stuck together [said jokingly of long kisses], h o ' o m a m a u . T o causo to get stuck, to stall, m a m a u a . Redup. of tnaua. m a m a u e a . Same as manauea, 1, 2, and ma'auea. m a i n l n a . Same as mina mina but less frequent . Mamina au i ka tilo o ka ica'a, I'm sorry the canoe is lost. Mamina wale ka ho'i, t h a t ' s regrettable, m & m i o . Same as mio, to disappear, m a m o . 1. Black Hawaiian honey-creeper (Drepañis pacifica); its yellow feathers above and below the tail were used in choicest featherwork. Formerly found only on Hawaii, not seen since the 1880s. A Molokai species was Drepanis funerea, not seen since t h e 1890s; also called hoa and 'o'o-nuku-mu. 2 . Safflower or false saffron ( C a r l h a m u s tinctorius), a branching annual, one to four feet high, from Asia, grown for its flowers, which are yellow, like the feathers of the mamo bird. (Neal 754.) 3 . A fish (Abudefduf abdominalis), to about seven inches long. Also called mama mo, mamo-pohole. 4 . Descendant, posterity. Na mamo o Ikelaela (Puk. 1.13), pifia'a o the children of Israel. Na mamo Ka'alu'alu, the driftwood descendants of K a ' a lu'alu [said derisively of a K a ' ü person with many children, because of the abundance of driftwood a t Ka'alu'alu, K a ' u ] .

mamo ali'i. Descendant of a chief,

m a m o n a . M a m m o n . ( M a t . 6.24.) m a m o - p o h o l e . Same as mamo, 3, a fish,

mamua. See mua, 1. mamuli. See muli.

m a n a . 1. Supernatural or divine power, mana, miraculous power; a powerful nation, authority; to give mana to, to m a k e powerful; to have mana, power, authority; authorization, privilege; miraculous, divinely powerful; possessed of mana, power. Cf. -amana. Mana makua, parental authority. Leo mana, voice of authority t h a t is obeyed. Mana kia'i, guardian power. Ke kumu . . . i mana ai ka 'ao'ao ali'i, the reason for giving the chief's side power. E mana ana no i ke konohiki (Kep. 159), it is the privilege of the landlords. E mana no ma ka la 'umi, effective on t h e tenth day (as a law], h o ' o m a n a . (a) T o place in authority, empower, authorize. He bila e ho'omana ana i ke koho 'ia o na luna maka'i, a bill authorizing t h e election of district sheriffs. 'O na kdnawai i ho'omana hou 'ia, laws re-enacted, (b) T o worship; religion, sect. Ho'omana Kepanx, Buddhist; Buddhism. Ho'omana ki'i, idolatry, idol worship. Ho'omana Na'auao, Christian Science. Ho'omana o lesu Kristo o na Po'e Ho'ano o na La Hope Nei, Church of Jesus Christ of L a t t e r Day Saints. Ho'omana Palani

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(Farani), French religion; Catholicism. Ho'omana Pihopa (Bihopa), Episcopalian religion; lit., bishop's religion. Ho'omana Po'aono, Seventh Day Adventist; lit., Saturday religion. 2 . Branch, limb, c r o t c h ; crosspiece, as of the cross; a line projecting from another line; stream branch; road branch; variant, version, as of a tale; to branch out, spread out. Aiana weu lani, branch with divine foliage [a chief]. 3 . Hook used in catching eels. 4 . Stage in growth of fish in which colors appear; stage of a foetus in which limbs begin to develop. 5 . A native fern {Hypolepis punctata), with large, much subdivided fronds. T h e dark-brown mature stems were used to plait the best hats, after being scraped to remove t h e pulp. Also olua. 6. A variety of taro used in medicine; it propagates by branching from the top of the corm. ( H P 23.) Mana may be qualified by descriptive terms, as listed below. 7. A taboo house in a heiau. Cf. 'aha hele honua. - m a n a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o m a n a . Callus; callous. Kauai. m & n a . 1. A chewed mass, as of k a v a for drinking, coconut or kukui nut for medicine. Mana 'ai, food chewed by adult for child; any mouthful of food. Pehea ka ma'i? Ua komo kahi mana 'ai, how is the patient? He has taken a little nourishment. 2 . T r a i t believed acquired from those who raise a child. Ku no i ka mana a ke kahu hanai, trait acquired from association with the one who raised the child. 3 . Short for haumana, student. 'O ke kumu, 'o ka mana, ho'opuka 'ia, the teacher, the pupil, come forth [challenge from pupil to teacher]. m&n&. 1. Arid; desert. Cf. Mana, place on Kauai. 2 . A native fern ( P t e r i s irregularis). with large, bright-green, much-subdivided fronds. Also 'ahewa, 'iwa-puakea. m a n a a l a n u i . Road fork or branching, m f t n a e . S a m e as nac, shortness of breath, m a n a ' e . T o the east (a direction, see na'e, I). m a n a - ' e l e ' e l e . A variety of taro; petiole and leaf with red-black markings. ( H P 23.) Lit., black mana taro. m a n a h a l o . T o swim with paddling motions, as in learning to swim. Obs. E manahalo a 'ike i ka 'au, to paddle until knowing how to swim, m a n a - h u a . A variety of taro (no data). ( H P 33.)

manahu'a. Sad, grieving. (AP.)

m & n a i . Needle for stringing leis, formerly of coconut midrib, now of wire; to string leis. Also cajled hanai on Hawaii, makila on Maui, and mokila on Kauai. Manai pua ana kdkou, we are stringing flowers, m a n a l e a . S a m e as manauea, a seaweed, m & n a l n a l . Redup. of manai. m & n a l - ' u l a . 1 . S a m e as mai'a-malei-'ula. 2. Marriage of close relatives. m a n a k & . Boresome, tiresome, dull, monotonous, wearisome, uninteresting; bored, uninterested. h o ' o m a n a k & . S a m e as above; to cause boredom. Mai hana ho'omanaka 'oukou, don't work in such a bored, indifferent fashion, m a n a - k e a . S a m e as mana-ke'oke'o. m a n a - k e ' o k e ' o . A native variety of taro: white c o r m ; mainly used as table taro, a favorite for making kulolo; consistency tough for poi. ( H P 23.) m a n a k d . M a n g o ( M a n g i f e r a indica), a large, common fruit tree from India. Long, narrow leaves form a dense top, and large, ovoid, juicy fruits develop usually between M a r c h and October. (Neal 457.) m a n a k O - k & n e . Chutney mango. Also manakoku-kane. m a n a k o h o . Voter. I na manakoho, to the voters. m a n a k 6 - m e n e k e . Variety of mango, m a n a k d . 1. Humble commoner, used with kanaka. Obs. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of a star.

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pinker. (IIP 24.) This term m a y be qualified by t h e colors ke'oke'o, lenalena, melemele, 'ula'ula.. m a n a ' o h a ' i . Something to say, thought to express, predication, theorem; to predicate, m a n a - ' o h e . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) m a n a ' o h o ' o h a l i k e l i k e . Comparison, m a n a ' o h o ' o n a l o n a l o . Hidden meaning, m a n a ' o h o ' o n a n e n a n e . F i g u r a t i v e meaning, hidden meaning, m a n a ' o ' l n o . Evil thought or idea; hatred, m a n a ' o ' i ' o . Faith, confidence; to have faith, confidence; to believe. Kumu mana'o'i'o. creed. Pelika o ka _ mana'o'i'o, c o v e n a n t of faith. Mana'o'i'o Nikine, Nicene creed. Ua mana'o'i'o 'oia i ke Akua, he believes in God. m a n a ' o k i ' e k l ' e . Pride, conceit. Lit., high thinking. m a n a ' o k o k u a . Hypothesis, l e m m a ; t h o u g h t to help. 'O ka mana'okokua, 'oia kekahi mana'o a kumumana'o paha, i ho'oia 'ia i mea kokua ma ka ho'oia 'ana i ka mana'oha'i nui a me ka u-ehe 'ana paha i ka naneha'i, a hypothesis is a t h o u g h t or proposition used as a demonstration and aid t o proving a main predication [or theorem] cr for t h e solution of a problem, m a n a ' o l a n a . Hope, confidence; to hope. Lit., floating thought, m a n a ' o l i a . Passive/imperative of mana'o. m a n a ' o m a o l i . Literal meaning; a real or true opinion. m a n a ' o n a ' o . Redup. of mana'o-. to meditate (Hal. 63.6). Rare. m & n a ' o n a ' o . Horrible, dreadful,horrifying, gruesome, shocking; shocked, horrified; heartsick, overcome with grief or horror; heartbreaking. Kona mana'ona'o (Laie 591), his grief. Mana'ona'o au i ka pepehi o ku'u keiki i kana wahine, I a m horrified at the beating given his wife by my nephew, h o ' o m & n a ' o n a ' o . T o cause a sensation of horror, grief, m a n a ' o n u i . I m p o r t a n t m a t t e r or idea, m a n a ' o p a ' a . Conviction, d e t e r m i n a t i o n ; convinced, determined, resolute (Laie 591). He mana'opa'a kona ua pono kana kana, he is convinced his conduct is righteous. m a n a - ' G p e l u . A native variety of taro, named for a fish, 'opelu, t h e corms of which were used as 'opelu bait; t h e leaf stem is green with white streaks, becoming maroon above. ( W h i t n e y ; H P 23.) m a n a ' o p i l i . Corollary, as in mathematics, m a n a ' o u l u w a l e . Whim, fancy, impulse, t h o u g h t t h a t has come for no particular reason, m a n a ' o w e h e w e h e . Explanatory thought, scholium, explanation, m a n a - ' o w e n e . Var. spelling of mana-'oene. m a n a - p i k o . A native variety of taro, distinguished by purple on leaf center and extending on main veins; a fair table taro. ( W h i t n e y ; H P 24.) m a n a - p l p i k a . A variety of taro. Lit., crinkled mana. m a n a - u a u a h i . A variety of taro, t h e leaf s t e m mainly light green, t h e leaf blade with white leaf center, veins, and edges. ( H P 24.) Lit., smoky-gray mana. m a n a u e a , m a n a u w e a . l . A kind of small red seaweed (Gracilaria coronopifolia), with stiff, cylindrical, succulent stem and branches. I t is t h e best local alga for making gelatine, a n d is o f t e n cooked with octopus. (KL line 53.) T h e t e r m may be qualified by pala-kea, pehu, or puakea. Also called manaiea. 2. A variety of taro. m a n a - ' u e l e , m a n a ' u w e l e . Same as mana-'oene, a taro. m a n a - ' O h a - p u a ' a . A variety of taro. m a n a - ' u l a ' u l a . A rare variety of t a r o , distinguished by its purplish-red flecked petioles;

m a n a k u k e . Mongoose. Eng. m a n a - k u k u l u - h e m a . A variety of taro, introduced f r o m Samoa; chalky-white c o r m ; a fair table taro. Lit., mana f r o m s o u t h e r n border, m a n a - l a u - l o a . A native, large-leaved variety of taro, chiefly used as t a b l e t a r o ; leaf stem pink and green below grading upward to lightgreen. Lit., long-leaved mana. m a n a l o . 1. Sweet, potable, of water t h a t may be d r u n k but is not deliciously cool (hu'ihu'i); firm and t a s t y , as t a r o or sweet p o t a t o . Waimanalo (place name), potable water. Manalo iki keia wai, this water is drinkable, b u t perhaps a little brackish, h o ' o m & n a l o . To remove bitterness or saltiness, as of overly salty salmon. 2. Appeased, softened, mollified, as anger, curses, bad omens; safe f r o m h a r m or danger; sweetness, appeasement. 'A'ohe mea e manalo ai ka huhu, nothing will assuage the anger. Manalo ka moe (Kep. 121), t h e d r e a m is made harmless. Manalo ka heiau, to sweeten a temple; to appease t h e gods, as by offering sacrifice. Aukahi ka pua'a, manalo ka wa'a, perfect t h e [sacrificial] pig, safe t h e canoe. h o ' o m £ n a l o . T o appease or mollify, as a god; t o neutralize, as a curse. 3. (Cap.) N a m e reported for both Venus and Jupiter, m a n a l o a . Same as nenue, pilot fish, m a n a l o n a l o . Kodup. of manalo. 1, 2. m a n a - l u a . Same as mai'a-mana-lua, mai'amahoe. m a n a l u a . Two branches, fork, as in a road, m a i i a m a n a . 1. Redup. of mana, 1. h o ' o m a n a m a n a . To i m p a r t mana, as to idols or objects; superstitious. 2. Redup. of mana, 2 ; appendages, branches, rays, forks; to branch out. La manamana, sun with rays. 3. Finger. 4 . Third of three coconut husks tied to a hi fishing line. Cf. nuku and poli. t h e first and second husks f r o m t h e b o t t o m . 5. A variety of sweet p o t a t o with linger-like leaves, sometimes qualified by ke'oke'o, white. (IIP 142.) m a n a m a n a I k i . Little finger, m a n a i n a n a k u h l . Index finger, m a n a m a n a l i m a . Finger, m a n a m a n a l i m a n u l . T h u m b . Lit., big finger, m a n a m a n a l o a ( l o l o a ) . Middle finger, m a n a m a n a m i k i . Index finger, m a n a m a n a n u l . Iiig b r a n c h ; big toe, t h u m b , m a n a m a n a p i l l . Third or ring finger, m a n a m a n a - ' u l a . A kind of seaweed. Lit., redbranching, m a n a m a n a w f i w a e . Toe. m a n a - m e l e m e l e . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) m a n a m o i . Medium-sized moi, a fish, m a n a n a . 1. To stretch out, as arms, fingers, feet; to spread out, as t h e tentacles of an octopus; to protrude, as ears; t o distend, as nostrils while breathing hard, h o ' o m a n a n a . To stretch out, extend; to loosen, as a grip. 2. A variety of sweet potato, m a n a n a i . Var. of malanai, shallow, m a n a n a l o . 1. R e d u p . of manalo. 2. (Cap.) Venus. m a n a n a ' o . Redup. of mana'o; opinions or viewpoints of several persons, m a n a ' o . T h o u g h t , idea, opinion, theory, meaning; mind ( M a t . 22.37); desire, w a n t ; to think, suppose, meditate, deem, consider. 'O ka mea i ho'opi'i 'ia e mana'o 'ia no 'oia he kanaka maika'i no, t h e accused p a r t y shall be presumed a good man. h o ' o m a n a ' o . T o remember, recall, commemorate. He ho'omana'o, in memoriam. Mea ho'omana'o, souvenir, keepsake, reminder, memo r a n d u m . Kia ho'omana'o, m o n u m e n t , memorial tablet. He mau 'olelo ho'omana'o, notes, m a n a ' o a k a m a i . Clever t h o u g h t , wise t h o u g h t ; spirit of wisdom. (Puk. 28.3.) m a n a - ' o e n e , m a n a - ' o w e n e . A variety of taro, same as mana-'ulu except t h a t t h e petiole is —

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manienie-'aki'aki mainly used as table taro. ( H P 24.) Also called mana-ha'ula'ula. m a n a - u l l u l l . A variety of taro, introduced f r o m South Seas; makes good poi of yellow color. T h e corms are tough and rubbery when cooked. N o t e d for prolific branching. Lit., dark mana. m a n a - ' u l u . A native variety of taro distinguished by pinkish petioles. T h e corms have orange-yellow flesh when cooked (like fruit of breadfruit) and are used mainly as table taro. (Whitney 27; H P 24.) Lit., breadfruit mana. Cf. mana-'oene. m a n a w a . 1. Time, turn, season; chronology. Cf. ha'i manawa. I ka manawa hea, when. Manawa iki, a moment. Manawa mau loa, eternal; eternity. Manawa 'ole, in no time, instantly, immediately. Manawa xia, rainy season. Ia manawa no, then. Ho'opaumanawa, to waste time. Mai keia manawa aku, henceforth. No ka manawa pokole, temporary. I kela manawa i keia manawa, n o w a n d then, from time to time. 0 kou manawa keia, this is your turn. I ka manawa o Kamehameha, in the time of Karaehameha. Na bona no ka manawa, term bonds. 2. For a short time, infrequent. Ku manawa ka moku, the ship stops infrequently. 3. Affections, feelings, disposition. Cf. manawahuwa, manawa 'ino, manawale'a, manawanui. HalVali'a mai ke aloha pili pa1 a i ku'u manawa (song), recalling love dwelling firmly in my affections. ( P P N manava, P M C nawa.) 4. Anterior fontanel in the heads of infants; top of the head of adults at position of the fontanel, m a n a w a e a . 1. Hard breathing, panting for breath, f r o m exertion; to pant thus. Lit., rising breath. 2. Infancy before the fontanel closes. Lit., rising fontanel. M a n a - w a h l n e . N a m e of a star, said to appear in the first night of the month Nana and to vanish after the night of Muku. Lit., female power. m a n a w a h u a . 1. Discomfort of the stomach, with gas and often diarrhea, thought to be caused by wrong diet or by excessive handling of animals, such as kittens or puppies, which might also become sick; to suffer thus; great grief, as over the loss of a loved one; to grieve. Lit., swollen stomach. Cf. lumanawahua. Manawahua kai ko'o, great distress, pain; surging pain, distress [lit., strong sea, stomach discomfort], 2. A native fern (Dryopteris decipiens), about a f o o t high, with heart-shaped fronds divided into many long segments. Also called 'iwa'iwa.

manawahuwa (hfla). Jealousy; to be jealous, to bear a grudge; jealous. Obs. Lit., jealous disposition. Ua manawahuwa 'oia i na hoahanau, he bore a grudge against his brethren, m a n a w a i . Warped, depressed, bent in. Obs. m a n a - w a l . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) m a n a w a l . Stream branch, m a n a - w a l - k e - ' o h e . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) m a n a w a ' l n o . E v i l disposition, hard feelings; time of storm, m a n a w a k o l u . Eternal. Ola manawakolu, life everlasting. m a n a w a l e ' a . A generous heart; charity; to give freely and willingly; gratis, free. Hui manawale'a, relief society. Ua manawale'a aku 'oia i na hoahanau, he gave willingly to his cousins, m & n a w a n a w a . Same as kolokolo-kahakai, a beach vitex. m a n a w a n u i . Patience, steadfastness; fortitude; to have patience, fortitude; patient, steadfast; courageous and persevering. Lit., large disposition. n o ' o m a n a w a n u l . Causative/simulative (very common); to try one's patience. E ho'omanawanui, be patient. He kanaka ho'omanawanui i ka la a me ka ua, a man who patiently endures the sun and the rain. He nohona ho'omanawanui, a way of life that tries one's patience. m a n a - w e o . A variety of taro, introduced f r o m South Seas as weo; distinguished by dark-purple

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petiole edges; a fair table taro. Also called weo. m a n e . 1. Manna. (Puk. 16.31.) 2. Maneh. (Ezek. 45.12.) m a n e a . H o o f (Lunk. 5.22); claws; fingernails, toenails; ball of a f o o t ; keel of a ship. Fig., dependent, underling, inferior. Mai ka piko o ke po'o a ka manea o na wawae, f r o m the crown of the head to the balls of the feet. Manea 'u'xikuo ka wawae (For. 5:51), toe of the foot. He manea 'o Ni'ihau no Kaua'i, Niihau is a dependent of Kauai, h o ' o m & n e a . T o harden, raise calluses; to strengthen, make steadfast, m & n e l - ' u l a . Same as manai-'ula. m & n e l e . 1. Sedan chair, palanquin, litter, stretcher, bier (2 Sam. 3.31); to carry on a stretcher, bier, sedan chair. 2. Same as a'e, several trees, m a n e n a . A small native tree (Pelea cinerea), with oblong leaves and four-parted fruit capsules; related to the mokihana. m a n e n e . 1. Shuddery sensation of fear, as on looking over a precipice or if confronted by sudden danger; sensation of disgust or repugnance; sensation of inner quaking accompanying sexual desire; to shudder, quake. Manene ka wawae, tender feet. Manene ka pepeiao, the ear shudders [as on hearing vile language). 2. A small kind of plantain or lau-kahi (Plantago pachyphylla var. kauaiensis), found only on the uplands of Kauai, m a n e ' o . Itch; itchy; smarting, as the throat after eating raw taro or certain fish; prickly, as some clothes; sexually titillated; ticklish; tickling. Nahele mane'o, nettle. Ke pi'i nei ko'u mane'o, I am beginning to itch, h o ' o m a n e ' o . T o cause to itch; to tickle, m f t n e o n e o . 1. A seaweed, perhaps some slender species of Laurencia. 2. Barren. Obs. Cf. neo, void. 3. A fish (no data), m & n e ' o n e ' o . Redup. of mane'o.

m a n e w a . 1. Same as manewanewa. h o ' o m a -

n e w a . Same as ho'omanewanewa. 2. T o breathe, as a fish. Obs. 3* A kind of grass (no data), m a n e w a n e w a . 1. Grief, sorrow, mourning; exaggerated expression of grief, as by knocking out teeth, cutting the hair in strange patterns, eating of filth, tattooing the tongue, removing the malo and wearing it about the neck, h o ' o m a n e w a n e w a . T o display violent grief; to free oneself f r o m black magic and regain health by extravagant conduct, as going nude or eating of filth or drinking 'auhuhu juice. 2. Unkind, h o ' o m f t n e w a n e w a . T o treat unkindly. 3. Var. of hinawenawe, hinewanewa, weak, spindly. Obs. 'O ka liahu 'ape manewanewa ( K L line 370), the weak young 'ape plant. 4. N a m e given for a beach grass; used in leis on Lanai. m a n l . 1. Dull, as a blade; smooth, as a waterworn pebble. Cf. hamani. 2. T o cool off, of heat. ( A P . ) E mani ka umu, let the oven cool, m a n i a . 1. Shuddering sensation as on looking down a great height, or hearing a saw filed; dizziness; dizzy; to shudder. Mania ka niho, the teeth are set on edge (as on eating certain green fruits). 2. Inactive, drowsy, sleepy, h o ' o m a n i a . T o cause sleepiness, drowsiness. 3. Same as mani, 1. 4. Same as mani, 2. Mai lohi 'olua o mania ka imu, don't be slow or the oven will cool, m & n l a n l . A c i d i t y ; tart, acid, m & n l a n l a . Redup. of mania. m a n l a w a l . Drowsy, sleepy, especially after bathing,

manie. Var. of mania. m & n l e n t e . 1. Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), a fine-leafed, cosmopolitan grass, much used for lawns in Hawaii. ( N e a l 62.) 2. Short for manienie-'aki'aki, buffalo grass. 3. Bare, barren. 4. Same as maniania. m a n i e n i e - ' a k i ' a k i . 1. Seashore rush grass {Sporobolus _virginicus). Also_ called 'aki'aki, manienie-mahikihiki, and manienie-maoli. 2.

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m a n i e n i e - a l i ' i

Buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), a coarse-leafed grass f r o m the southern United States, used f o r lawns in H a w a i i . Sometimes qualified by haole and also called manieniemahikihiki. m & n l e n i e - a l i ' i . Wiregrass (Eleusine indica), a weed in lawns and waste places, a strong, smooth, tufted grass, with pale-green, flattened stems. Lit., chief manienie. m a n i e n l e - h a o l e . Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), said to have been introduced by Dr. G. P. Judd about 1835; called manienie because it creeps like buffalo grass (see manienie-maoli), which the Hawaiians originally called manienie. m & n i e n i e - m i U i i k i h l k i . Same as manienie-'akilaki, 1, 2. Lit., manienie f o r exorcising evil spirits. m & n i e n i e - m a o l l . Same as manienie-'akVaki (Sporobolus virginicus). Lit., native manienie. m & n i e n l e - ' u l a . A small, stiff, weedy grass (Chrysopogon aciculatus) from southeastern Asia, found in some Pacific islands: it f o r m s mats and bears a narrow head of reddish, barbed spikelets, which stick to animals' coats, Also called pi'ipi'i, pilipili-'ula. m a n t h a . Same as kamaniha, sullen, m a n i h e ' u . Var. of manuhe'u, bruised, m a n i l a . M a n i l a hat, named f o r the city, m a n l n e . Ashamed, humiliated. Rare. m a n i n f . 1. Very common reef surgconfish ( A c a n thurus sandvicensis), in the adult stage. In legends manini-'ele-kuho. F o r younger stages see 'ohua-liko, ohua-kani'o, pala-pohaku, and kakala-manini, and maninini. 2. Stingy. Modern slang. 3. A kind of banana generally eaten cooked; leaves and fruits green and white striped. Also called a'ea'e, koa'e. ( N e a l 212.) 4. A variety of sugar cane, named for the fish. Also called laukona. 5. A variety of dryland taro with striped petiole. T h e name may be qualified by the terms 'ele'ele, ha-kikokiko, hauliuli, kakau, kea, lau-kikokiko, uliuli. 6. A v a r i e t y of sweet potato. 7. W r a t h , anger; angry. 8. T o pour, spill; j r r i g a t e d . Obs. Manini aku a mainini mai na 'olelo 'ino, evil words poured out, poured back and forth, m a n l n t n i . 1. Stage of manini, a fish, said to be larger than 'ohua and smaller than manini. 2. Redup. of manini, to pour, m a n l n o . Var. of malino, calm, m f t n i n o n i n o . Redup. of manino. m a n l o k a . T h e cassava or manioc {Manihot esculenta), a bushy herb or shrub three to nine feet high, f r o m Brazil, widely grown f o r its tuberous, edible roots, like sweet potatoes. T h e roots also yield a starch, tapioca. Cf. pia manioka. ( N e a l 449.) Eng. m a n o . X. M a n y , numerous; four thousand; thick. Cf. kini, lau. He lau ka pu'u, he mano ka ihona (chant), many hills, numerous descents, h o ' o m a n o . T o increase; t o do repeatedly or persistently. Koi ho'omano, to keep asking and insisting. Ka hahai e ho'omano ai ( F o r . 4:47), the following persistently. 2. T o throw, as a stone; to aim at and hit. Rare. 3. {Cap.) Short for Mano-kalani-po. - m a n o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o m a n o . A name g i v e n t o the kamanomano plant when used in hana aloha, l o v e sorcery, m a n d . Shark, general name. Fig.,_ a passionate lover. Cf. hula mano, pua, 1. Mano i'a, ordinary shark. Mano kanaka, shark thought to be born of a human mother and sired b y a shark god, or by a deified person whose spirit possesses a shark or turns into a shark. Mano ihu wa'a, shark traditionally said t o rest its head on the outrigger of a canoe, beloved by^ fishermen and f e d ; lit., bow shark. 'Ai a mano, to eat like a shark [of a prodigious appetite]. Pau pele, pau mano, consumed by volcanic fire, consumed by shark [may I die if I d o n ' t keep m y pledge). h o ' o m a n O . T o behave as a shark; to eat ravenously; t o pursue women ardently.

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m & n o . D a m ; stream source; place where water is obstructed for distribution in channels; channels (lsa. 8.7). Cf. mano wai. m a n o a . Numerous, v e r y many. Manoa na pua o kela pa, there are many flowers in that lot. h o ' o m a n o a . T o increase, m & n o a . Thick, solid, vast; depth, thickness, h o ' o m a n o a . T o thicken, m & n o a n o a . Redup. of manoa and manoa: dullwitted, stupid; calloused ;_numbed, as the tongue f r o m chewing kava. Manoanoa ke kapu o ke ali'i, the chief is thick with taboo [of high rank). Lepo manoanoa, clay, m a n o ' a u w a ' a . L a r g e fleet of canoes, m a n o h a . Intensifler of mano, 1. Manomano, manoha na li'i, many, numerous the chiefs. m a n o - h l ' u - k & . Thresher shark ( A l o p i a s vulpinus). Rare. Lit., tail-hitting shark, m a n o ' l . Coconut oil, perfume. (Perhaps f r o m T a h i t i a n : the Samoan cognate is manongi, and the normal Hawaiian equivalent would be manoni.) Kou man me a mano'i tlsa. 57.9), thy perfumes, m a n o i ' a . See mano. M a n o - k a l a n i - p o . N a m e of a chief of Kauai. Kauai is sometimes referred to as Kaua'i o Mano or Kaua'i o Mano-kalani-po. m a n O k a n a k a . See mano. m a n d - k i h l k i h i . Hammerhead shark (Sphryna zygaena). Lit., angular shark, m a n o - l a l a - k e a . Shark, perhaps Squalus fernandinus, sometimes called dogfish; considered harmless. Lit., white-fin shark, m a n d - l a u - k a - h i ' u . A shark, possibly thresher. Lit., shark that frequently strikes tail, m a n d - l e l e - w a ' a . Variety of shark. Lit., canoeleaping shark, m a n o m a n o . Redup. of mano, 1\ great; greatness: four thousand times four thousand. Eia 'o Kalani, ka manomano, ka manomano heke o ke kapu (chant), here is the heavenly chief, the great one, the very greatest of the taboo ones. Ka manomano o kuna ikaika (lsa. G3.1), the greatness of his strength, m a n o n i . Unhappiness, sorrow. Obs. manoninia. Passive/imperative of manoni. h o ' o m a n o n l n i a . Causative/simulative. Kani'uhu a ho'omanoninia no ko kakou lahui, no ke emi 'ana mai, grief and sadness for our race, f o r its decreasing, m a n d - n i u h i . See niuhi. m a n o n o . 1. Red, as sunburn. Cf. nono, red. 2. Redup. of mano, 1. Manono ho'i kela po'e e hele maila, those people coming there are so numerous. 3. Same as nono\ to seep; to wane, as the moon. 4. All species of an endemic genus (Gouldia) of shrubs or small trees belonging to the coffee f a m i l y . 5. Block set athwart a canoe to which 'iako (outrigger booms) are lashed. 6. L a i d across one another, as mats, m a n o n o n i . Y o u n g of the kawakawa, a fish, m a n d - p & ' e l e . A shark. Lit., black-smudged shark. m a n d - p a h & h a . A shark. Lit., thick-necked shark. m a n G - ' u l a . A shark. Lit., red shark, m & n o w a i . Same as mano. Fig., heart and circulatory system; source of water and of life, m a n u . 1. Bird; any winged creature; wing of a kite. Fig., person. Ka nui manu, the people, the many people. He manu hulu, a feathered bird (a prosperous person]. He manu hulu 'ole, a featherless bird [a poverty-stricken person]. He aha kau i pi'i aku nei i ka lapa manu 'ole? W h y did you climb the ridge without birds [go on a wild-goose chase]? 'Ai ka monu i luna, the birds eat a b o v e [a poetic tribute t o a handsome person, likened to an 'ohi'a tree with birds eating its lehua blossoms]. ( P P X manu, P M P manuk.) 2j Bruised, broken, scarred, injured. Manu kina, bruised and injured. 3. Ornamental

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m á ' o i

elliptical expansions at the upper ends of the bow and stern endpieces, distinguished by mua and ihu, "forward" or " b o w , " and hope, stern. 4 . Salty, pungent, acrid. (AP.) m a n u a . 1. Passive/imperative of manu, 2. 2 . Same as mana-kukulu-hema, a taro. 3 . Manure (Eng.) -, any kind of fertilizer, m a n u a . Var. spelling of manuwa. m a n u ' a . Piled, accumulated. Hele a manu'a a 'eha, nui na pilikia (hymn), accumulated pains, much trouble, m a n u a h i , m a n u w a h i . Gratis, free of charge; adulterous. (This word is said to have originated from the name of a Hawaiian merchant famous for giving good measure with his sales.) Keiki manuahi, illegitimate child. Wahine manuahi, mistress, common-law wife, m a n u - ' a i h u e . Partridge. (Ier. 17.11.) Lit., thieving bird. m a n u - ' a i - I a i k i . Ricebird ( M u n i a punctulata topela), introduced from the Malay Peninsula. Lit., rice-eating bird.

manu-'ai-mlkana,

manu-'ai-papala.

m a n u n u n u . Redup. of manunu. m a n u - n Q n ü . Dove. (Hal. 55.6.) Lit., cooing bird. m a n u - n f l n O - l a w e - l e k a . Carrier pigeon. Lit., dove carrying letters (Eng.). m a n u - o - K u . White tern, fairy tern, love tern (Cygis alba rothschildi), a small, friendly sea bird, pure white except for a black ring around the eye. Lit., bird of Ku. Niihau. m a n u ' u . 1. Same as manu'unu'u. 2 . Sick, weak, in pain. (AP.) m a n u - ' f l . Crane. (Ier. 8.7.) Lit., groaning bird. m a n u - ' u l a ' u l a . Cardinal, redbird. Lit., red bird. m a n u ' u n u ' u . Vast, great, without measure, multitudinous. Cf. nu'u. Manu'unu'u wale ka lokomaika'i, very great is the kindness, m a n u w a , m a n u a . 1. Wounded, bruised. Obs. Manuwa wale mai ana no ia'u ko aloha, your love keeps wounding me. 2. Man-of-war; warship. Eng. m a o . 1. Cleared, as rain; alleviated, assuaged, as grief; to clear up, as rain; to pass, as sadness. Ua mao a'ela ke kaumaha, the sadness has ceased. 2 . To fade, as cloth. 3. Type of fish. ( K L line 158.) Cf. maomao. m a O. Because of, due to, by means of, through. Cf. ma, at. m a ' o . 1. Green. Cf. mama'o, ma'oma'o, 'oma'oma'o. 2 . T h e native cotton (Gossypium tomentosurn), a shrub in the hibiscus family, bearing yellow flowers and seed cases containing brown cotton. (Neal 496.) Also called huluhulu. Cf. pulupulu-haole. 3 . T h e hoary abutilón (Abutilón incanum), a small native, velvety shrub, in the hibiscus family, with small heart-shaped leaves, small pink and red flowers, and small dry fruits. (Neal 483.) 4. T h e hairy abutilón (Abutilón molle), a weedy, hairy, South American shrub, with large, broad leaves, orange, 'ilima-Yúí), unleavened bread. pflpO p e l e n a ( b e r e n a ) . L o a f of bread. Popo (Oihk. 23.17), w a v e loaf. Popò pelena ho'oluli pelena i ha mo "in i ka 'aila (Oihk. 8.26), cake of oiled bread, p o p o p o . R o t , as of wood or cloth; decay, as of teeth; moth-eaten; worm o f f a l : rust (Bible) ; rotten, decayed. Cf. pilau. Maka popopo, rotten eye |of a ghost]. ( l ' P N popo, I ' . M P bekbek.) p o p ò p u l u . A wet bundle, as of laundry; to wrap up wet, as laundry that is not allowed to dry. P o p o - u a . N a m e of a rain. ( I ' H 109.) Also called Va-popo-kapa. pOpO u a h i . Dense, gray, p u f f y , as smoke, fog. noe, Lit., smoke ball. Popo uahi ka uai kilikili dense as smoke is the misting fine rain. p ó p O - ' u l u . Same as mai'a-popo-'ulu. p O p u a k l ' l . Clusters of cloud banks, p f t p u ' a l l . T o girdle, tie tightly or constrict in the middle. ( A I ' . ) p o u . 1. Post. 2. Ridge, as of nose. 3. M a s t of canoe. 4. M a c h i n e gun. 5. P a r t of snood lashing on composite hook, as for bonitos: sometimes shaft of a hook is so called. 6. Spool pins on a sewing machine. 7. Same as poupou, 1. 8. A canoe, broad for its length and wide and blunt at the ends, used for baggage. p o ' O . Same as pa'u, drenched, p o u a l o . House wall posts, f r o n t row of posts, p o u a m a n u . Var. of pouomanu. ( F o r . 5:323.) p o u h a n a . Post set in the middle of each end of the house, supporting the ridgepole. Pig., support, mainstay, as of a f a m i l y , p o u h a n a n u ' u . Short, stout. Var. of pau hananu'u. P o u - h S n u ' u . N a m e of a star. Lit., low post, p o ' u h l a . Var. of pa'uhia. p o u hiO. Bent corner post, p r o b a b l y as supporting the ridgepole of a canoe house, p o u h u . 1. Var. of pauhu, a c o w r y . 2. H o m e l y , ugly. Obs. p o u k a , p o u d a . Var. of pauka, powder. Cf. paula. p o u kthl. Corner post. p O u k i u k l . M i l d e w e d , mouldy, musty. Obs. p o u k f l . Cleats supporting canoe seats, p o u k u a . House wall posts, back row of posts, p o u k u k u n a . Gable post. See kukuna. p ó u l e . M a l e flower of the breadfruit. Cf. ule, penis. p o u l i . 1. D a r k ; darkness, dark night. Fig., ignorance. He 'ano 'e ka pouli nui, how strange is deep ignorance. Cf. kupouli. h o ' o p o u l l . T o darken, m a k e dark, blind, mislead; t o pretend to be ignorant or not know. Mai ho'opouli mai 'oe, e ka hoa, 'o wau no kèia 'o ka 'ano'i (song),

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do not feign ignorance, O companion, this is I, the lover. 2 . Eclipse. Pouli ka mahina, eclipse of t h e moon. Pouli holo'oko'a 'ana a ka la, total eclipse of the sun.

pduliulh Redup. of pouli, 1. ho'opouliuli.

Redup. of ho'opouli; blackout, p d ' u l l l . 1. B a r k of tender breadfruit shoots, as used for less fine tapa. 2 . E u p h e m i s m for poule. p o u l u a . S h a f t of the luhe'e, squid lure, perhaps so called because one side has a stone attached, with a cowry on the other side. Lit., double shaft. p o u n a . Var. of paona, pound. ( L u k a 19.13.) Of. paona, paona kaulike.

pou nanahua. See nanahua,

p o u o m a n u . House post; post designating place of human sacrifice, said to be named for an ancient deity. p o u o n o . Fishing net. (Malo 212.) p O u o u o . Hag net with meshes two fingers wide, similar to but larger than the luelue. p o t i p o u . 1. Short and stocky, stout. Cf. nohoni'o. h o ' o p o u p o u . T o shorten, stoop. 2 . Saino as kupou, Z, a fish. p o u p o u a n a . A service for the erection of the haku 'ohi'a, image for a temple dedication. (Malo 169.) pftw&. Robber; to rob, plunder, bo a robber. E powa icale ka hele aku a ko ha'i 'aina, make (For. 4 : 4 7 ) , like a robber to go on the land of others, death.

powehi, pOwehlwehl. Var. spelling of

poehi;

poehiehi. ( K L line 135.) p o w e k o . Var. spelling of poeko. p u . Inactive, sluggish, quiet, dejected, bored (usually following noho). 'Oia noho pu wale Viola no 'o ke ali'i, the chief just sits quietly. 'Oku'u pu, to crouch dejected. Kai pu, sea without animation; sea a t midtide. p u - . Short for puna. See puhau. pQ. 1 . Large triton conch shell ( C h a r o n i a trilonis)\ any wind instrument, as horn, trumpet, cornet. T h e instrument may be distinguished from other /m by the qualifier ho'okani, sounding. Na pii kiui hipa 'ehiku (Iosua 6.4), seven trumpets of rams' horns. (Probably P P N pu, P \ 1 P puput.) 2 . Gun, pistol. Cf. pu aloha. I lalo pu, order arms (military command]. 3 . General name for pumpkin or squash. Also called ipu-pii. 4 . T r e e that consists of a cluster of several stalks, as of banana, pandanus, or k a v a ; clump, as of sugar cane. Also opu. 5 . Head of octopus or squid. 6 . Canoe endpiece, both fore and aft. 7 . Coil of hair, topknot _of hair; rope or line, as attached to sticks in an 'opelu net; rope attached to the front of an unfinished canoe to haul it to the shore; olona string used in the game pukaula\ snotter holding the end of the sprit of a sail; to coilj to gather in, as sails; to form a topknot. Pu i ka wala, ceremony during which a head craftsman prayed t h a t t h e gods would protect the newly carved canoe hull as it was drawn from the forest to the sea; to a t t a c h a line to a canoe; such a line. Pu i ka lauoho, to form the hair in a topknot. 8. T o divide by lot: pebbles or seeds were placed under a tapa, and divided unseen into heaps, and the players drew to get the largest heaps. h o ' o p Q . Causative/ simulative. 9 . T o eat a little, said in a humble invitation, as Mai kakou e pu ' a i , come and have a little food with us [take potluck]. Mai kakou e pu pa'akai, come and share a little salt with us [said disparagingly of the meat J. 10. A variety of sweet potato. 11. T o blow water from the mouth. Obs. 12. Together, entirely, also with, together with. Via pu, entirely red. Me 'oe pu, same to you [as in reply to a good wish). Like pu, exactly alike. Noho pu, to live together, as without benefit of clergy. '0 au pu, me too. 'O kaua pu, so will I ; you and I both. Moku pu, broken completely. Pau pu kaua i ka ho'opa'i 'ia, we'll be punished together.

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p u a . 1. Flower, blossom, tassel and stem of sugar cane; to bloom, blossom. Papale pua, papale pua ko, hat made of stem of sugar cane. Pua ka wiliwili, nanahu ka mano, the wiliwili tree blooms, t h e sharks bite [a blossoming girl is desired by males; sharks are believed to mate when the wiliwili blooms and to be especially ferocious). E hau'oli ho'i ka wao akua, a e pua mai ho'i (Isa. 3 5 . 1 ) , the wilderness shall be glad and blossom too. 2 . T o issue, appear, come forth, emerge, said especially of smoke, wind, speech, and colors, hence to smoke, blow, speak, shine. Cf. pua ahi, pua ehu, pua 'ehu, pua 'ena, pua hina, puana, puka. Pua ka uahi, the smoke rises. E pua ana ka makani, the wind rises. Kapu ka nu, ka 'i, i ka pua o ka leo, forbidden to groan, to speak by sound of voice. A 'ike pua iki aku no 'oe ia Ka'ula, and you barely see Ka'ula. Pua i'a hoa makani, the wind companions blow the fish [scandal], h o ' o p u a . Causative/simulative. Mai ho'opua 'oe, do not say a word. 3 . Progeny, child, descendant, offspring; young, as of aholehole, 'ama'ama, 'anae, awa, kahala, 'o'io, uouoa\ to produce progeny or young. Pua ali'i, descendants of chiefs, royal progeny. Pua 'uhini, young 'uhini, a grasshopper. Kana mau pua, his descendants. Lau ko pua, netting drive for young fish. Ua pau, ua hala lakou, a koe no na pua (song), they are gone, passed away, and the descendants remain. 4 . Arrow, dart, sometimes made from flower stalks of sugar-cane. 5 . Same as olopua, 1, a tree. 6 . Float, buoy. Obs. 7 . Short for ' o p u a , a cloud bank. 8 . (Cap.) T h e name of a mischievous goddess of sorcery. Cf. ki'ipua. p u ' a . Same as hokiokio, a whistle. Oahu. pQ'&. 1. Flock, herd, drove; to flock. Pu'a hipa, herd of sheep. 2 . A sheath, bundle, as of grain or fuel that is not wrapped; to tie in bundles, bind. Pu'a 'i'oL bundle of flesh. I ka pu'a 'ana a kakou i na pu'a (Kin. 37.7), we wen? binding sheaves. 3 . T o feed by passing directly from mouth to mouth, of masticated food such as fish or poi\ infants and the aged were fed thus. 4 . T o cut crosswise. Obs. 5 . T o besiege. Obs. (Pu'a in 2 Sam. 11.1 of the 1843 Hii>le was changed to pue in later editions; cf. pu'e.) p u a ' a . 1. Pig, hog, swine, pork. Cf. hula pua'a, Gram. 2.3. Pua'a 'imi ali'i (For. 4 : 1 8 9 ) , a chief-seeking pig [a priest after proper prayers would release a pig, which would then approach a chief t h a t the priest was to serve]. Pua'a nui huelo huluhulu, great pig with hairy tail [a name given to the horse on Lanai]. Moe ka ihu o ka pua'a, the snout of the pig has been laid down [entire pig sacrifice is offered]. Ia 'oe ke po'o pua'a a kakou, you are in charge of our offering of pig [lit., pig head]. 2 . B a n k s of fog or clouds, often as gathered over a mountain summit, a sign of rain. Mehe ao pua'a la, ke aloha e kau nei, like a cloud resting on the mountain is the love alighting here. pQ'&'&. 1 . Scattered, dispersed; to flee_ in disorder and fright. Also pukaka. Holo pu'a'a, to stampede. h o ' o p f i ' a ' & . T o put to flight, drive in confusion. 2 . Redup. of pu'a, 2, o; bundles, sheaths; to tie m a n y ; to besiege frequently. p Q ' a ' a - ' e h u ' e h u . Red pig, a poetic name for 'ama'uma'u, ferns. T h e demigod K a m a - p u a ' a took this form when he ran from Pele to the forest of 'ama'u ferns and turned into a fern himself,

pua'a hame. Ham.

p u a ' a h e ' a . Mood-stained pig, hence a sacrificed pig, also said of human sacrifice, p u a a h e a h e , p u a h e a h e . T o blow gently; light, as work. P u a - a h l . N a m e of a star. Lit., fire flower, p u a a h i , p u a h i . T o glow like fire. F o r figurative use see ko'iko'i. Lohi mai 'Apua, 'anapa i ka la, pua ahi ka la i ka papa o Maukele (chant), 'Apua sparkles, glistens in the sun. t h e sun shines like fire on the flats of Maukele. p u a - a h i a h i . S a m e as nani-ahiahi, t h e fouro'clock flower.

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p u a ' a

p u a ' a tlillll. Greasy pig. Fig., h u m a n sacrifice, p u a ' a h i w a . A solid-black pig, much desired for sacrifice. p u a a h o l e h o l e . Young aholehole.

pua'a holo honua. The Tahitian name for

horse, p e r h a p s used at one t i m e in Hawaii. Lit., pig runs [on the) ground, p u a ' a h u l u 'ole. Hairless pig. a figurative n a m e for taro leaves, since they might sometimes replace pig as sacrifice, p u a ' a - ' l l i - ' o ' o l . Heron, bittern (Zep. 2.14 of 1843 Bible, changed in later editions t o kipoda). Lit., sharp-skinned pig. p u a ' a - i - n a k a . An endemic long-branched shrub (Sienogyne rotundifolia) in the_ m i n t family, f o u n d only on M o u n t Hale-a-kala; t h e inch-long flowers woolly, purple-tinted, in whorls of six; t h e leaves round and rough, p u a ' a - k a - h u l u h u l u . A lua fighting hold. Lit., pig striking frayed, p u a ' a k a i . Certain fish (as ahole, 'ama'ama, 'anae, humuhumu-nukunuku-a-pua'a, kum-u, pualu) used as s u b s t i t u t e for pig offering. Lit., sea pig. p u a ' a k a u . Hog offered as sacrifice. Lit., placod pigp u a ' a - k u h i n i a . Same as pakahakaha, a fern, p u a ' a k u k u i . Carved log of kukui wood placed with hard t a r o (pa'i 'ai) on t h e altar marking b o u n d a r y of ahupua'a. (Malo 163.) p u a ' a l a h o . Boar; t e r m of reproach for a lecherous male, named for t h e pig demigod, K a m a p u a ' a . Lit., scrotum hog. p u a ' a l a u . N a m e for plants t h a t might replace pig in some sacrifices, a f a v o r i t e being young t a r o leaves. Others were 'ama'u, hapu'u, kukaepua'a, kukui, olomea, and 'uha-loa. T h e y were considered t h e plant f o r m s of t h e pig demigod, K a m a - p u a ' a . Lit., leaf pig. p u a ali'i. Descendant of a chief. Lit., chief flower, p u a a l o a l o . Hibiscus flower. See aloulo. p u a ' a - l o h e l o h e . L a r v a e of dragonfly (lohelohe) used ceremonially as an offering,

pua'a in&lkl. Small pig. puaaneane, pOaneane. Extremity of life, ex-

t r e m e old age. Kau i ka puaaneane, to reach a stage of advanced old age. p u a - ' a n u h e . Same as lau-lele, butterfly weed (Asclepias). Lit., caterpillar flower, p u a ' a o h l . A young female pig t h a t has not borne young. p u a ' a - ' O k a l a k a l a . Hedgehog. Lit., rough pig. p u a ' a o l o m e a . 1. A striped pig. 2. Poetic n a m e for the olomea, a tree. K a m a - p u a ' a took this f o r m when pursued by Pele. p u a 'aptkl. A n a m e for t h e 'ilima flower. See 'apiki. p u a ' a p l p l . E a r l y n a m e for c a t t l e when b r o u g h t to t h e islands by Vancouver. Lit., beef (Eng.) pig. p u a ' a pQko'a. Spotted pig. Lit., coral head pig. p u a ' a flkO. Pig offering a t t h e d e a t h of a chief as a plea to t h e 'aumakua gods to receive t h e spirit of t h e departed. Lit., fulfillment pig. p u a ' a w a ' a w a . G r e a t hunger. Obs. Lit., issuing sourness,

pua'a wahlne. Sow.

p u a £ a . To expire, b r e a t h e one's last. Puaea ka manu o Ka'ula i ke kai, t h e bird of K a ' u l a expires a t sea [utter destruction, as of birds dropping dead while flying overseas], p u a e h u . To blow s p r a y or dust. Pua ehu akula ka moana, t h e ocean s p r a y flies, p u a ' e h u . T o shine brightly, as reddish flowers. Pua 'ehu maila uka (For. 6:545), t h e uplands sparkled with red color, p u a ' e n a . T o glow brightly.

h i n u

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p u a h a l a . A medium-sized bowl, as used for serving pot, n a m e d for a supposed resemblance to a p a n d a n u s key (pua hala). p u a - h a l a . 1. Design in t a p a and patchwork quilts. 2. A variety of sugar cane, p u a h a l a . Bright yellow base of a p a n d a n u s (hala) key t h a t m a y be used for leis. p Q ' a h a - n u l . Same as kanawao, 1, small trees, p u a h a u . 1. Blossoms of hau, a tree. 2. Yellow, as a malo. Moa pua hau, chicken with yellowish feathers a t neck and flanks, p f l a h e a h e . Var. spelling of pua aheahe. p u a - h e k i l l . One of t h e native loosestrifes (Lysimachia hillebrandii). Lit., t h u n d e r flower. Cf. kolokolo-kuahiwi. p u a h l . 1. Var. spelling of pua ahi. 2. Same as puahia. p u a h l a . 1. Spry, quick. Holo puahia i ka wao o lehua, swiftly running in the lehua forest. 2. Hazy, gray. p t t a h l a h l . Var. spelling of pua-ahiahi, a flower, p u a h i a h l a . R e d u p . of puahia, 1, 2. p u a - h i l a h l l a . T h e sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), a low, spreading American plant, with round pink flower heads. T h e leaves, compound, with m a n y small leaflets, droop and close when touched. Lit., bashful flower, pu&hllo. 1. Fine, slender, frail as a spider's web, delicate. 2. T o chap, peel, crack, as skin, p u a h l l o h l l o . R e d u p . of puahilo, 1. Z. Hilo, he puahilohilo ke 'ano, no ka mca 'a'ole i aka loa a'e kona nui, aka, ua mo'ali ma'awe ke'oke'o iki wale no (Kep. 99), t h e lunar night of Hilo, t h e n a t u r e of the moon is a narrow sliver, because its full size has not been made clear, but is just a small white fibrous strand, p u a h l n a . Gray. Ka lani pua hina o ka ho'oilo, t h e gray skies of winter, p u a h l o . T o come and go swiftly, as a puff of wind. p u a h l o h l o . R e d u p . of puahio\_ whirlwind. Fig., worthless talk. E lawe aku 'o Iehova id 'Elia i ka lani ma ka puahiohio (2 Nal. 2.1), J e h o v a h was to t a k e Elijah u p to heaven by a whirlwind, p u a h l p a . L a m b . Also hipa keiki.

pO'ft hlpa. Flock of sheep.

p u a - h O k f i . A tropical American herb (Isotoma [Hippobroma] longiflora), one to two feet high, with few or no branches, with long, narrow, lobed leaves, and starliko flowers with throeinch-long t u b e . T h e plant is related to t h e lobelias. I t is poisonous, especially to stock. (Neal 718.) p u a - h O k O - h l h l . T h e waxflower (Hoya carnosa), an o r n a m e n t a l vine f r o m south China and Australia, in t h e milkweed family. Leaves are thick, broad-oval, paired, a t their bases bearing short clusters of waxy, f r a g r a n t , white and pink, star-shaped flowers used for leis. (Neal 616.) pu&hole. Var. spelling of pua ahole, young of ahole. p u a h u k u . A t e r m of c o n t e m p t ; perhaps literally rising squid h e a d ; said also to refer to erections not followed by satisfaction. Obs. p u a h u l u . S a m e as pupuahulu. p u a ' i . To flow out, as water; to bubble or gurgle, boil; t o v o m i t ; t o appear, as a color; t o u t t e r , as speech. (Mar. 7.15; Ier. 6.7.) Cf. pua, 1. 'A'ohe pua'i leo mai, no word u t t e r e d . Pua'i max ka 'ula mai loko mai o ka 'ele'ele, t h e red shows t h r o u g h t h e black, h o ' o p u a ' i . T o cause to flow, show, etc. pO 'al. To s h a r e a little food. See pu, 9. pn'J'I. A d a m ' s apple (probably f r o m pu'u 'a't, neck lump), p u a t a l e w a . S a m e as puailewa. p u a 'i'l. T i n y f r y of fish, p u a ' i l e h o . S a m e as puleileho.

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p u ' a 1 o a I o

pfiallewa, pOalalewa. 1. Suspended in the air.

as clouds. 2. To b r e a t h e with difficulty, gasp. 3. N a m e of a drastic r e m e d y m a d e of papa'ahekili bark. Obs. p u a ' i l i m a . 'Ilima flower; eaten as a mild c a t h a r t i c , especially by children, p u a ' l n a . Flowing, bubbling, boiling, etc. See pua'i. Pua'ina waimaka, flow of tears, p u a l n f t w e l e . Thin, web-like, weak. Makali'i puainawele ke kai o Keone-'o'io, t h e sea of Keone-'o'io is like a fine-meshed web [one who considers himself too good for his associates). puainawele mehe leo la no ka Lohe koli'uli'u hinihini, t o hear faintly, weak, like t h e voice of t h e land shell, p u a l n e a . Same as puanaiea. p u a i o h i . Small Kauai thrush (Phaeornispalmeri). p u ' a k a . 1. T o bind, tie. Obs. 2. To work h a r d w i t h o u t reward or appreciation. Obs. p O ' a k a ' a k a . R e d u p . of pu'aka, l, 2. p u a k a ' a d n a . D a r t m a d e of t h e s t e m of sugarc a n e tassel smoked reddish-brown (ka'aona). p u a k & h a l a . Small kahala. a fish, p u a k a l . 1. Same as pukai, I. 2. Red of t a p a or malo dyed with noni juice (Malo 49); a red dye. p u a k a l a . T o disguise itself as kala, a seaweed, of a squid in t h e sea. Lit., a p p e a r kala. p u a - k a l a . 1. T h e beach or prickly poppy (Argemone alba var. glauca). a Hawaiian variety of a species of southern United States, a gray, prickly p l a n t with stiff, lobed, toothed leaves and fragile, white-petaled flowers. Formerly, Hawaiians used t h e yellow juice medicinally to relieve pain. Lit., t h o r n y flower. Also called kala, naule, pokalakala. 2. A n a t i v e prickly lobelia (Cyanea solenocalyz), a shrub with large o v a t e or oblong, prickly leaves and hairy, purple flowers, f o u n d in gulches of Molokai. 3. T h e spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), a coarse, prickly E u r o p e a n weed, two to five feet high, with large, spiny, lobed leaves, and dark-purple, spiny flower heads a b o u t two by two inchos. 4. A kind of crab. p u a - k a l a u n u . T h e crown flower (Calotropis gigantea), a large shrub, native f r o m I n d i a to t h e East Indies, belonging to t h e milkweed family. T h e crown-shaped flowers, white or lavender, are commonly used for leis, and t h e p l a n t s for hedges in dry areas. (Neal 615.)

pua-kauahl-haehae-kamanu. Name of a lua

hold. Lit., t h e smoke rises, t h e bird tears, p u a k a u h l . Same as 'awikiwiki, a vine. Kauai. p2. u aA - Kvariety a w a l - h of a e .sweet 1. A potato. variety of taro. ( H P 34.) p u a k e a . 1. Pale-colored, especially a t i n t between white and pink, as sunset clouds; t h e color of a buckskin horse. 'Ilipuakea, white person [a poetical name]. Ku'u lio puakea, my buckskin horse, h o ' o p u a k e a . T o a p p e a r bright, shine. 2. T o spread, as a ship's sails or as fog. p u a - k e n i k e n l . A s h r u b or small tree (Fagraea berleriana), f r o m t h e South Pacific, grown ornamentally for foliage, flowers, fruit. T h e flowers are two inches long, white, changing t o orange, f r a g r a n t , and used for leis. T h e inch-wide berry is orange or red. (Neal 601.) Lit., ten-cent flower, so called because a t one t i m e t h e flowers are said to h a v e sold for ten cents each, p u a k l . 1. Same as puaki'i, 1. 2. A young eel. 3. A red seaweed (Liagora decussata), s o m e w h a t calcified b u t flexible, branched; not edible; related to papa'akea. p u a kl. Flower of t h e ti. p u ' a k l . 1. Stingy; antisocial, suspicious and distrustful of others. Obs. 2. Lines meeting on a mast. Obs. p u a k l a w e . Same as pukiawe. p u a k i ' i . 1. Thin, skinny. Cf. hoki'i. 2. To take, as without permission. Obs. p u a kl'i. Same as 'opua ki'i. p u a k l k a . Cigar flower. See kika.

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p u a k 6 . Stem and tassel of sugar cane (the s t e m was used in making hats). Papale pua, papale pua ko, h a t m a d e of sugar-cane stem, p u a k o ' u l a . Red, as lehua blooms. 'A'ala lau lehua ka wao o Puna, puako'ula i ka mau'u Ko'o-lihilihi (chant), f r a g r a n t with m a n y lehua is t h e u p l a n d of P u n a , red in t h e grass at Ko'o-lihilihi. p u a k u k u l . Blossoms of kukui. p f l ' a l a . 1. Same as pu'a, sheath. 2. Overcooked, as taro. Obs. p a ' a l a ' a . Short for pu'u 'ala'a, heap of small t a r o tubers. p u a l a h a ' o l e . A choice and rare flower. Fig., a beloved person. Lit., flower not spread, p u a i a h t l a h l . Single flowering. Lit., thin flower. p O ' a l a l c l . To scream, shriek, cry out, bleat; to c r y loudly like a baby. For example see 'uwi'uwl, 5. p u a l a l e a . Clear, bright. Pualalea Mauna-loa i ka pa a ka la (chant), M a u n a - l o a is bright with t h e touch of sun. p u a l a n l . Descendant of a chief, p u a l a u . T o carry on t h e hip, as a child. Obs. p u ' a l a w & h i . To divide. Obs. Lit., bundle split, p u a lei. Flowers for leis; cherished blossom or child. p u a IS'I. Flower t h a t a t t r a c t s m a n y (/e't), as a lehua t h a t a t t r a c t s birds, p u a - l e l e . T h e sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), a weedy herb in t h e daisy family, f r o m Europe. I t is a foot tall or more, t h e leaves narrow, lobed, toothed, t h e flower heads clustered, yellow, a b o u t an inch in diameter. T h e iight seeds a r e tipped with hairy t u f t s . T h e plant is sometimes fed to pigs and t h e leaves eaten by people during famine. (Neal 756.) p u a l e n a . 1. Yellow color; to appear yellow, as said of d a w n or m u d d y water. Ka wa e pualena ana 'o ke ao (Puk. 14.27), t h e time when t h e light a p p e a r s yellow a t dawn. 2. Lazy; t o loll about. p u a l e w a . Unsettlod, unfixed, always on t h e move; upset stomach. p Q ' a i l . 1. Warrior, so called because Hawaiian fighters tied (pu'ali) their malos a t t h e waist so t h a t no flap would dangle for a foe to seize; a r m y , host, multitude. Various types of military f o r m a t i o n s are listed below. Kona pu'ali apau (Puk. 14.4), all his host. Pu'ali 'anela, host of angels. 2. To gird tightly a b o u t t h e waist, as of malo-clad warriors, or as corseted women; compressed, constricted in t h e middle; grooved, notched; irregularly shaped, as t a r o ; _ n o t c h ; tight belt (see koki for example). Ua kaliki 'ia a pu'ali ke kino o ka wahine, the body of t h e woman is_ corseted and pulled tight. 'Eono pu'ali o kana la'au palau (For. 5:221), his war club has six notches. Pu'ali ka hau nui i ka hau iki, t h e big hau tree is grooved by t h e small hau [a child annoying an a d u l t ; a small warrior harassing a big one], n o ' o p Q ' a l l . T o gird, compress; grooved. 3. I s t h m u s . 4. Slender a b d o m i n a l stalk on a wasp's body, p a ' a l i ' a l i . R e d u p . of pu'ali, 2; of varying thickness, as a cord or 'ilima lei not carefully woven. P d ' a l t H o ' O l a . Salvation Army. Lit., saving army. p u a l i ' l . 1. Var. spelling of pua ali'i. 2. Kind of t a p a used for loincloths and sarongs. p Q ' a l i l n u w a i . T e m p e r a n c e league. Lit., waterdrinking host.

pQ'ali kaua ka'I w&wae. Infantry. Lit., war a r m y proceeding afoot.

pQ'ali kaua llo. Cavalry.

p Q ' a l i k a u l l o . Cavalry. Lit., horse-riding a r m y . p Q ' a l i k o a . A r m e d forces.

pQ'ali koa ho'ohanohano. Honor guard.

p Q ' a l i k o a l l o . Cavalry. Lit., horse-soldier a r m y . p Q ' a l o a l o . Same as pua aloalo, hibiscus flower.

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p u

pQ a l o h a . Gun salute. p u a l u , p u w a l u . 1. A species of surgeonfish about eight inches in length and brown or dull-gray in color. I t resembles the palani in tough skin and strong smell but may be distinguished from the latter by a blue line across the soft part of the fin. 2. Var. spelling of puwalu, 1. p Q ' a l u . Loose, slack; crumpled, crinkled, as ruffles. p f i ' a l u ' a l u . Redup. of pu'alu. p u a m a k a h i k i . Annual flower, p u a - m a k a - n u l . Same as aka'aka'awa, a begonia. Lit., large-eyed flower, p u a - m a l e . A kind of vine (Stephanotis jlorU bunda), in the milkweed family, from Madagascar. I t has oval, leathery, paired leaves and clustered, fragrant, white, tubular flowers, which are sometimes worn by brides in Hawaii. (Neal 616.) Lit., wedding flower, p u a m a n a . Caret sign of omission, p u a - m a n a . Same as ilioha, horseweeds. p u a m e l t a . See melia, plumeria. p u a n a . 1. Attack or beginning of a song; to begin a song; summary refrain, as of a song, usually at or near the beginning of a song; theme of a song. Ka puana a ka moe, revelation or message of a dream. Ha'inn 'in mai ana ka puana, tell the summary refrain (this line followed by the refrain is at the end of many songs or precedes the name of the person in whose honor the song was composed). E puana mai 'oe i ka puana, start the summary refrain of the song. 2 . Pronunciation. E ho'opuka pololei ana ka haumana i ka puana pololei o ia mau hua pl'apa, the student was saying the pronunciation of the letters of the alphabet well. 3. T o surroum^ encompass, crowd. 'O ka puana 'ana aku i kela ulu lehua, crowding about t h a t lehua grove. A puana maila lakou iaia a puni (2 Oihn. 18.31), they completely surrounded him. p Q ' a n a ' a n a . Same as pu'ali'ali. p u a n a ' I . Front of the neck and throat. Ka'aue i ka puana'i, hang by the neck, p u a n a l e a . Weak, sickly. Puanaiea ke kanaka ke hele i ka li'ula, the one going after a mirage becomes weak [don't try for the impossible]. P u a n a - k a u . T h e star Rigel, tutelary star of West Maui. p u a - n & n & - h o n u a . An endemic tree ( S o l a n u m carterianum), on Oahu only, related to the tomato, having large, downy, oblong leaves, and blue flowers clustered at branch tips. Lit., flower looking (atj earth. p u a - n & n & - l & . T h e common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), a coarse annual herb, 3 to 15 feet high, from the western United States. I t is a member of the daisy family and has flower heads from 3 to 14 inches across, the yellow ray florets surrounding a brown-purple center. (Neal 738.) Lit., flower looking [atj sun. P u a n a n e . Name of a star. p Q a n e a n e . Var. spelling of puaaneane. F o r example see kahoahoa. p u a n l e a . Obs. var. of puanaiea. p u a n l h i . Young taro, taro tops. (AP.) p u a n l k i . 1. T o bind tightly. Kl'aha puaniki, goblet. 2* Small wooden bowl, as for an individual serving of poi. p u a n i u . 1. Coconut flower. Hale pua niu, house where offerings of bananas, coconuts, kava were kept, said to be offered in order to deify a deceased person and make him into a lizard god. 2. Color of the coconut flower; ivory-colored. p Q a n u a n u . Cold, chilly, damp and shivering. Puanuanu ka hale, the house is chilly [of a house where a loved one has died; apology for not serving alcoholic drinks]. p u a ' 6 . Bluster, onslaught, as of high wind or dashing waves; rude, abrupt speech; to speak thus.

a l o h a

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p Q ' a o . 1. Mesh about a quarter to a half inch wide, of mats. 2 . Womb. Cf. lapa pu'ao. Pu'ao pelu, fallen womb, p u a ' o h i . T o chatter, gush, ramble verbally, p u a - ' o l e . Same as 'dwela, a flowerless (pua 'ole) sugar cane. p u a - P & k € . A genus (Chrysanthemum) in the daisy family, including many species of ornamental annual and perennial herbs, with small to large flower heads, which are white to red. yellow, or purple. Most species are from the Eastern Hemisphere. (Neal 747.) Cf. haleloke, uailuku. p u a - P & k e - p i h l . Dwarf pua-Pake. p u a - p e p a . T h e everlasting or straw flower. Lit., paper flower. Also nani-mau-loa. p u a - p l h l . All kinds of zinnias, especially one (Zinnia elegans), a Mexican annual grown ornamentally for the flowers. T h e flower heads are two to five inches across, single and daisylike, or double and somewhat round, and of various colors. In Hawaii is also found a wild species (Z. pauci flora), from Mexico and South America, with inch-wide, single flower heads, the central florets yellow, the rays yellow, red, or purple. (Neal 7 3 6 J Lit., button flower, p u a - p i l i p i l i . T h e Spanish clover ( D e s m o d i u m uncinatum), a South American herb, long established in Hawaii. It is good fodder. T h e plant is one to three feet high, eacli leaf having three ovate leaflets with a light area along the midrib. Flowers are small, pink or whitish, pea-shaped. Pods are narrow, flattened, chainlike, one to two inches long, clinging to clothing and animals. (Neal 395.) Also called kikania-pipili. p u a - p i l o . Same as maiapilo, a plant. p 0 ' £ p l p l . Herd of cattle. p u a p o ' o . Comb or crest of a bird, as of a chicken. Lit., head issue, p u a p u . Same as upuapu, file, p u a p u a . 1. Tail feathers, as of a cock; rump, as of a chicken; streamer; coattails; this word is used as a means of avoiding answering questions: Aia 'oia i hen? Aia i ka puapua. Where is he? Gone to get tail feathers. Kuka puapua, swallow-tailed coat. 2 . Redup. of pua, 2. h o ' o p u a p u a . Redup. of ho'opua\ to appear again and again. 3 . Spike in the back of sphinx moths. 4. Same as pupua, 3. 5. A variety of banana, p u ' a p u ' a . Tasteless; not tasty. pU'apQ'&. Redup. of pu'a, 1, 5. p u a p u a ' a . Plural of pua'a, 2. Mehe ao puapua'a la ke aloha e kau nei (Laie 605), like cloud banks is the love settling here, p u a p u a ' a . Piglet. Kaka'i ka pua pua'a i ka malie, he 'ino, when the little pigs follow in the calm, it is bad weather [pun on puapua'a clouds piling up in the sky], p u a p u a ' l . Redup. of pua'i\ to pour continuously or often. E puapua'i mai anei ka wai 'ono? (lak. 3.11), does sweet water pour forth? p u ' a p u ' a l a . Redup. of pu'ala, 1, 2. p u a p u a - i n o a . 1. Long-tailed dinner coat. 2. A kind of adder's-tongue fern (Ophioglossum pendulum), found in Polynesia westward into Madagascar, commonly growing on trees. I t has riobon-like fronds, erect or bent and hanging, two feet long or less, some bearing short, narrow, spore-filled spikes, p u a p u a m o a . Tail feathers of a chicken, p u a p u a - n u i . A variety of banana, p u a p u p u p u . Double flowering. p O ' a u . Ti-leaf blossom stem. ( H P 206.) Rare. p u a ' u l a . Young kumu or 'ahuluhulu, fish, p u a ' u ' l i . Masturbation; to masturbate. Lit., to pull issue. p u a w a . 1. S a m e as pua axva, young awa, fish. 2 . Same as kuawa, guava. p t l ' a w a . 1. Young white pandanus leaves t h a t are good for plaiting. 2* Bitter; bitterness. Obs.

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— p uhem o — p f l ' a w a . K a v a p l a n t or root portion. For exa m p l e see 'ike. p Q ' a w a ' a w a . R e d u p . of pu'awa, l. p u ' a w a l . Spittle, slobber, spray. Obs. p u a w e . Same as awe, thin, soft. Obs. p f l a w e a w e . R e d u p . of puawe. Obs. p u e . 1. T o huddle or sit crouched, as with cold. Intrans. h o ' o p u e . Causative/simulative. Trans., intrans. '0 ka pua 'ilima i kui Ha, ka'u e ho'opue nei i ka poli (song), t h e 'ilima blossoms s t r u n g in a lei, t h a t I press to my h e a r t . Ho'opue au i ke ko'eko'e, 1 sit huddled u p with cold. 2. Feathers on t h e back of a bird above t h e puapua, tail feathers. p u ' e . 1. Hill, as of sweet potatoes; dune; to hill up. Cf. pu'eone. (Probably P P N puke, P M P bukid.) 2. T o a t t a c k , force, ravish, rape, compel. Keiki pu'e, boy or youth who ravishes women. (Puk. 22.16.) 3. A lobelia (Lobelia gaudichaudii var. kauaensis) f o u n d only in m o u n t a i n s of Kauai. T h e stem, three to six feet high, bears a t u f t of narrow leaves six inches long, and three or four racemes of large flowers, whitish streaked with purple, p t l ' e ' e k e . T o shrink away from, to wrinkle u p the nose, as in distaste; to shorten, contract. Intrans. h o ' o p u ' e ' e k e . Causative/simulative, p u ' e ' e n a . Glowing, as fire. Pu'e'ena maila ka lua i ke akua (chant of K a ' u chiefs), t h e pit glows because of t h e goddess. p u e h u . 1. Scattered, dispersed, routed, gone; fine, crumbling; every which way, as hair in the wind. 'Ai a lawa, inu a kena, puehu 'oe, eat until satisfied, drink until replete, all gone! Ua puehu ka hulu o ka manu, t h e f e a t h e r s of the bird have scattered [said of one who has left in a hurry]. No Hanama'ulu ka ipu puehu, an e m p t y calabash at H a n a m a ' u l u [no hospitality at Ilanama'ulu, probably a play on ma'ulu, tired), h o ' o p u e n u . T o scatter, disperse, rout, blowaway, crumble; blown away, gone. Trans. 2. Peeling, as s u n b u r n . 3. Remainder, r e m n a n t . Obs. 'Elua a puehu, two and a little over. A 'o ka puehu ka mea i puehu aku o na pale o ua uhi la, a ka hapalua o ka pale puehu, e kau no ia ma ke kua o ka halelewa (Puk. 26.12), and t h e r e m n a n t t h a t remained of t h e curtains of t h e tent, t h e half of t h e remaining curtain, it shall h a n g a t t h e back of t h e tabernacle. p o e h u e h u . R e d u p . of puehu, lf 2, tousled; flaky. Hau puehuehu, snowflake. Mahuna ka 'Hi, nakaka puehuehu 'ino'ino loa ke nana aku, t h e skin is flaked, cracked and peeling, unpleasant to look at. Puehuehu ka la, komo 'ino'ino (Malo 216), t h e sun is routed, storms enter, p n ' e k e . Same as puliki, to gird, p u e o . 1. Hawaiian short-eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis), sometimes regarded as a deity. (Isa. 34.11.) Keiki a ka pueo, child of an owl [one whose f a t h e r is not known]. 2. Short (perhaps so called because t h e owl's neck was short). Cf. hue-nuku-pueo. 'Oki pueo 'ia ka lauoho, hair c u t short. 3. Same as 'ahopueo ± main purlin of a house. Ku'u manu noho pu me ke kanaka: pueo (riddle), m y bird living with people: owl [pun on 'ahopueo]. 4. T o rock a child on t h e foot; while doing this one amused t h e child by c h a n t i n g pueoeo. 5. Shroud of a ship or canoe. 6. See papa-pueo, a taro._ Other names recorded ( H P 34) a r e pueo-halenalena and pueo-ke'oke'o. p O e o e o . R e d u p . of pueo, 4; to rock a child, p u ' e o n e . Sand dune, sand bar. Ku'u ipo i ka he'e pu'eone (song), m y sweetheart surfing [over the] sand b a r [referring t o t h e old sport of surfing u p into t h e very m o u t h of a stream], p u e p u e . R e d u p . of pue, 1. p u ' e p u ' e . R e d u p . of pu'e, 1, 2. p u e p u e h u . Same as puehuehu. p u e w a . T o float, drift, as carried by wind or tide; a vagabond. Rare.

p u ' e w a l . Agitated water, as under a waterfall or at t h e meeting of s t r e a m and sea. Cf. he'e pu'ewai. p u ' e w a l e . To force, a t t a c k , rape. E ku'u kaikunane, mat pu'e wale mai 'oe ia'u (2 Sam. 13.12), m y brother, do not force me. pQh&. 1. Abscess^ burst sore, ulcer; to break, burst. Ua pa'apu ko'u kino i ka Ho a me ka papa'a lepo, a laila puha hou a'ela (Ioba 7.5), m y body is covered with worms and filthy clots and t h e n breaks out afresh. 2. Hollow\ as a tree. Noho ihola lakou maloko o na puha la'au (Laie 431), they then lived within hollow trees. 3. To belch, clear the t h r o a t , hawk up phlegm. 4. T o b r e a t h e air, as a sea turtle. Puha hewa ka honu i ka la makani, t h e t u r t l e breathes at t h e wrong m o m e n t on a windy d a y [one who says the wrong thing]. 5. A brown seaweed (Colpomenia sinuosa), cushion-shaped, hollow, surface smooth and uneven; not eaten. Cf. nakeke. p f l h & ' a ' & . Spots, as uncooked spots in t a r o ; light spots on a cowry shell; to burst forth, as light. Obs. p u h a a k a k a l e a . M a l e ' s spelling of puhaka-kaiea. (Malo 40.) p t i h & h f t . R e d u p . of puha, 4- Fiy-, to speak loudly or evilly of others, p u h a h a l u . R e d u p . of puhalu. p Q h a i . Shallow, of roots. He noni no Kaualehu, he puhai a'a, a noni tree of Kaualehu [a rocky place at K a ' u , Hawaii] whose roots are in shallow ground [one with superficial knowledge], p u h a l n & n a . To s t a r e w i t h o u t replying, as to a question. (AP.) p Q h a k a . 1. Loins. Ka mea ma na puhaka, a me ka 'a'a o ke au ma ke akepa'a (Oihk. 3.4). t h e thing by t h e flanks and t h e caul of t h e bile at t h e liver. 2. Same as hakahaka, e m p t y . Obs. p Q h a k a h a k a . R e d u p . of p^Vlaka, 2. Obs. p Q h a k a - k a l - e a . Same as noio, a sea bird. Obs. pQ h a l a . Paiulanus tree. See hala. Kumu pu ha la, p a n d a n u s tree. Ulu pu hala, p a n d a n u s grove. pQh& lMP sump.) 3. Same as the more common uluulu, 3. 4. Stick used in spreading hot oven stones; to spread the stones. 5. Kind of tapa made at Wai-pi'o, Hawaii. 6 . Center, as of a canoe or net. Cf. uluna, 3. Kxhele ia ulu, bail out the center, ' u l u . 1. The breadfruit (Artocarpus indsus), a tree originating in Malaysia and distributed through tropical Asia and Polynesia. I t belongs to the fig family, and is grown for its edible fruits, sometimes for ornament. The leaves are large, oblong, more or less lobed; fruits are round or oblong, weighing up to ten pounds, when cooked tasting something like sweet potatoes. (Neal 258.) For example see paki. 'Ulu hua i ka hupapa, breadfruit that bears fruit on the flats (of the famous Niihau breadfruit growing in the sand dunes). ( P P N kulu, P M P kulu[r|.) 2. Round, smooth stone as used in 'ulu maika game; bowling ball; bell clapper. Ka iki 'ulu keia o Kanekina e koke ai na pine, a small [fellow] is this bowiing ball that knocks down the pins [boast of a small fellow who can do much], 3. Muscles in calf or leg. 4. Name for konane stone, u l u a . 1. Certain species of crevalle or jack, an important game fish and food item. Cf. uluaaukea, ulua-'ele'ele, and pa'opa'o. Unidentified ulua are qualified by the terms kaha-uli, kihikihi (or kihi or huli-pu), la-uli, mahai, moha'i (AP.)_, nuku-momi,_uli. Growth stages are pajiio (or papiopio). pa'u'u, and ulua, the last attaining a length or five feet and a weight of over a hundred pounds. This fish was substituted for human sacrifices when the latter were not available. probably because of word magic and the meaning of ulua, 2. Since an ulua replaces a man, ulua also means "man, sweetheart," especially in love songs. Huki ka ulua, pull In the ulua\ fig., get your man. 'A'ole no wau i mahu'i mua, e lilo ana 'oe i ulua na'u (song), I never thought before that you'd be my sweetheart. 2. Same as ulu, 1, 2. ulu'a. Similar to pa'ulu'a. Obs. ' u l u a . 1. Same as 'ulu'ulu. 2. Same as 'unua. u l u a - a u k e a . A variety of ulua, probably Caranx ignobilis, one of the largest of ulua. Also called ulua-kea.

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u l u a - ' e l e ' e l e . A variety of dark-skinned ulua, probably most commonly Caranx melampygus. Lit., black ulua. u l u & h e w a . 1. Mania, delusion, craziness; deranged; somewhat crazy, sometimes believed due to possession by a spirit. 2. Overgrowth; to grow wild and lush, - u l u ' a l . (With ho'o-) h o ' o f l l u ' a i . T o grow food plants: a prayer to bless crops. Heiau ho'oulu 'ai, temple where first crops were offered. Kahuna ho'oulu 'ai, a priest who made such offerings, agricultural expert. u l u a - k 3 n i ' o . Same as ulua-pa'opa'o. Lit., striped ulua. u l u a - k f l k a e n a l o . Probably a species of 'omilu, a fish. Lit., beeswax ulua. u l u ' a i a n a . Offering, especially as made to priests for them to offer to the gods, u l u a l o n o . Genealogist in the hale nauwa. (Malo 200.) u l u a m a h l . Officer in the hale nauwa. (Malo 200.) u l u a o ' a . 1. Confusion, mob. disturbance; gathered in excitement and confusion. 'A'ole na ke Akua mai ka uluao'a (1 Kor. 14.33), confusion is not from God. h o ' o Q l u a O ' a . To create confusion, excitement; to incite, stir up bedlam. 2. Jungle; growing in wild profusion. Uluao'a ka lauo ke kahili i kapa 'ia ai ka inoa o Hawai'iloa (kahili cliant), bristling is tho top of the feather standard of royalty that is called by the name of Hawai'i-loa. u l u a - ' S m l l u . Probably same as 'omilu, a fish, u l u a - p a ' o p a ' o . See pa'opa'o. Also called uluakani'o. u l u e k l . Brush, undergrowth. Obs. u l u ' e o . Name recorded by Thrum for a tree with hard wood. u l u h a ' e h a ' e . Same as hn'eha'e, intense feeling, u l u h a k a . Elevatod place in the high chief's house where those of rank might rest. (For. 6; 418.) Obs. ' u l u h a k u . Jjumpy, as of poi\ knotty, bumpy, pimply. Cf. 'u'uluhaku. u l u h & n a u . Of the same age group, contemporary. Lit., birth growth. Iio'okahi o makou ulu hanau, we are of the same age. u l u h a ' o . Rough, jagged, as rocks. Cf. hao'eo'e. u l u h a ' o ' a . Same as uluha'o. u l u h e . All Hawaiian species of false staghorn fern (formerly known as Gleichenia spp., now listed under three genera: Dicranopteris, Hicriopteris, Sticherus), weedy, creeping, branching ferns, forming dense thickets. (Neal 12.) Also called unuhe. u l u h e - l a u - n u i . A large species of false staghorn fern (Hicriopteris pinnata, formerly known as Gleichenia glauca). u l u h i a . Passive/imperative of ulu, 1, 2. Po'e i uluhia e na daimonio ( M a t . 4.24), people possessed by devils, u l u h u a . Vexed, annoyed, discouraged, displeased (1 Nal. 20.43), harassed, weary. h o ' o Q l u h u a . To annoy, weary, vex. u l u h u l . A variety of sugar cane. Also called 'awela-melemele, ule'ohi'u. - u l u l ' a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o f l l u 1'a. To cause fish to be numerous, as by prayer, u l u I m u . Same as ulu, 4; to stir up an oven. (For. 4:259.) u l u k a k e . Var. of hdkake, to disturb, ' u l u k a n l . Clapper of a bell, u l u k a n u . Garden patch. u l u k a u . Unexplained acquisition of prophetic and interpretive powers without visible possession by a god. Lit., placed inspiration,

-ulu kauwO. (With ho'o-) ho'ofllu kauwO. To

inspire canoe haulers by chant and prayer. U l u - k o a . Name of a star. Lit., soldier's inspiration.

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U l u < k o u

U l u - k o u . Old n a m e for Howland Island. Lit., kou t r e e grove. u l u k Q . Disturbed, nervous, a g i t a t e d , p e r t u r b e d ; t o disturb. F o r example see hana aloha. u l u k u a . S a m e as uluku. u l u k u k u i . C a n d l e n u t grove. u l u l a . Owl. ( K a n l . 14.15.) u l u I & ' a u . F o r e s t , grove of trees,

-ulu l&hul. See ulu.

u l u l e l e . A chief's favorite. (AP.J U l u - l o a . N a m e of a star, said to appear on t h e night of M u k u in t h e m o n t h o f M a h o e - m u a . Of. Pauxvala. U I Q I U . Var. spelling of uluulu. u l u m S h l e h l e . Festive, a t t r a c t i v e l y adorned and a r r a y e d ; to m a k e a fine a p p e a r a n c e , pleasing, happy. Ka la ho'omana'o ulumahiehie o ka na'i aupuni, t h e festive c o m m e m o r a t i v e day of t h e conqueror, h o ' o u l u m & h l e h l e . T o adorn, decorate attractively, ' u l u m a i k a . S t o n e used in maika g a m e ; to play t h e 'ulu maika g a m e ; bowling. l < l u - m a n o . A strong wind blowing f r o m a given direction in each locality, as a strong southeast wind in K a ' u , Hawaii. Lit., q u a n t i t i e s of roughness. 'Eha i ke ku'iku'i a ka L'ln-muno, pained b y buffets of the L'lu-mano wind, u l u m a n u . F l o c k of birds, u l u rnoku. Fleet, collection of ships, l l l u n a . 1. Pillow, cushion, formerly m a d e of pandanus; to use as a pillow ( K i n . 28. I S ) . ( P r o b a b l y P P N 'ulu, P M P qulu, head.) 2. Upper part of t h e arm. 3. C e n t e r part of a net. as of a large 'upcna iheihe (net used for i/icihe fish). Cf. ulu. (>. u l u n a h e l e . Wilderness, place of wild growth, u l u n l u . C o c o n u t grove, u l u o ' a . Upright, erect. Obs. U l u ' o a . Var. of Ulu-koa. ' u l u p & . T o break to pieces, hurst f o r t h , dash to pieces (Hal. 2.9), raze to the ground, destroy, b e a t ; to rage, as a storm, ' u l u p a ' a . Cooked but unpounded breadfruit, u l u p a l l . T a l u s slope, transitional slope between cliffs and base, u l u p a u . E v e r y w h e r e , everything. Rare. F o r exa m p l e see holokahiki. u l u p S . S a m e as pulu pe \ i n t o x i c a t e d , u l u p l ' l . T o shiver, t r e m b l e , as with cold or fright. ' u l u pllO._ R o t t e n breadfruit, a t e r m of abuse for kavica (outcasts) a t P u n a , Hawaii, since t h e y were said to live in c a v e s and hollows, as breadfruit fallen on t h e ground to rot. U l l i p d . 1. D a r k or dense as growth. Kona. mauna uliuli, mauna ulupo, K o n a , green mountain, m o u n t a i n with dense flora. 2. Sudden sickness or stroke. 3. A fish said to resemble t h e papiopio. u l u p o n o . Progressive, thriving, successful. Obs. u l u p u a . F l o w e r garden, growth of flowers. Ka pua o ke Ko'olau i ka ulu pua (chant), t h e flower of t h e K o ' o l a u in t h e flower garden, u l u - p u a . S a m e as olopua, a tree. ' u l u - p Q - I o a . A variety of breadfruit with oval, r a t h e r t h a n round fruit, u l u p u n l . O v e r c o m e by emotion, passion, or an occult influence. Ulupuni ihola ko Mose huhu ( P u k . 3 2 . 1 9 ) , Moses' anger waxed hot. h o ' o Q l u p u n i . T o cause passion, possession, etc. u l u u l u , u l u l u . 1. R e d u p . of ulu, 1; growing things. Ponalo ihola ka uluulu, t h e growing plants swarmed with flies. 2. R e d u p . or ulu, 2. h o ' o f l l u u l u . Redup. of ho'oulu. Holouluulu a'ela 'o Kawelo i na akua ona ( F o r . 5 : 2 9 ) , K a w e l o appealed to his gods. 3. T a n g l e d , snarled, snagged, mussed, ruffled, f r a y e d ; violent, agit a t e d . F o r example see ku'uluku. ho'oQluulu. T o wrangle, snarl, snag, t a u n t , rouse to anger. 4. S a m e as unuunu, 1. to singe. 5. Diving or scoop net, its mouth being held open with t w o

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sticks. ( M a l o 213.) 6. S e a cavern. Obs. 7. T o munch. (AP.) ' u l l l ' u l u . Collection, gathering, assembly. h 6 ' u l u ' u l u . T o collect, assemble, gather together; addition, to add; collection. Trans. llo'ulu'ulu pokole, brief s u m m a r y , resume, u l u u l u l e i . Leis offered to t h e gods. h o ' o Q l u u l u l e i . Hula a l t a r where fresli leis were placed during hula instruction, u l u w a ' a . Fleet of canoes. F o r example see honu-pe'ekue. u l u w a l e . T o grow easily or without care. See ulu, 1, 2. u l u w e h i . Lush and beautiful verdure; a place where beautiful plants t h r i v e ; festively adorned. Lit., decorative growth. Cf. uluwehiwehi. ho'ot i l u w e h l . T o bedeck with plants, u l u w e h i w e h i . Redup. of uluwehi. Uluwehiwehi mni ka mana'o, t h e t h o u g h t s were delighted, filled with enthusiasm, u l u w e l a . S a m e as kauluwela. l i m a . 1. Hand wrestling: each trios to force his opponent's hand to t h e m a t ; to push, press, grip; to pry, as a lever. 2^ Stern of a canoe. Obs. 3. Curve. Obs. Cf. paumu. Ilanauma (place), curved bay. ' u m a l a . S a m e as mala, aching, u m a l e l . Apoplexy, stroke. Obs. ' u m a l u . Brow of a hill or cliff; shade under cliff or hill; to frown, cast shade. Maka 'umalu, eyes with heavy upper lids. h o ' o ' G m a l u . T o c a s t a shadow, overshadow, frown, u m a u m a . Chest, breast. Fig., hearty c h a r a c t e r . Umauma naha, very hungry. Ho'okahi ka umauma! United, all as one! He aha ka hua i ka umauma? (P1I 42), what is t h e thought in t h e h e a r t ? E wehe i ka umauma i akea, open t h e chest wide (be generous, kind). 'An umauma 'v Jlilo i ka wai, Hilo swims breasting t h e water (travel regardless of obstacles; Jlilo district had gulches and s t r e a m s hard to crossl. u m a u m a l e ! . A fish similar to but darker t h a n t h e palani or pualu. It has bright orange-red spots around t h e gills and side fins and at the base of t h e caudal fin where the spike is set. Lit., lei for t h e chest. ' u m e . 1. T o draw, pull, a t t r a c t , e n t i c e ; a t t r a c tive, alluring; a t t r a c t i o n . ( M e l e 1.4.) 'Ume i ka ihu, to pull on t h e nose, as with a handkerchief or with t h e fingers, causing t h e nose to discharge, said of one who weeps in sorrow. Pahu 'ume, drawer, bureau. 2. A sexual g a m e for commoners, t h e c o u n t e r p a r t of kilu, t h e chiefs' game. ( M a l o , c h a p t e r 41.) It was called 'ume, to draw, because players of opposite sex were drawn to one another. T o pair off in t h e game. Mea 'ume, master of ceremonies in game of 'ume. Ua 'ume 'ia a'e ?iei kaua e ka mea 'ume o ka 'aha le'ale'a (Laie 4 8 3 ) , we have been paired off by t h e master of ceremonies of this merry throng. 3. Fermata in music, hold, pause; t o lengthen, as a sound. 4. S a m e as kala, a fish. 5. An overlaid or braided t h a t c h i n g used on corners and ridges of a house. ( A P . ) ' u m e ' a l u . B u r grass ( C e n c h r u s echinatus), a weedy grass bearing round burs, which stick t o passersby. Also called mau'u-kuku. ' u m e k a u m a h a . G r a v i t y . Lit., weight a t t r a c t i o n , ' u m e k e . Bowl, calabash, circular vessel, as of wood or gourd. 'Umeke ka'eo, a well-filled c a l a bash (a well-filled mind]. ' U m e k e pala 'ole, c a l a bash without a dab [empty bowl, e m p t y mind], h o ' o ' u m e k e , h O ' u m e k e . T o assume t h e shape of a bowl; to assume t h e shape of fruit, to fruit o_ut. Fig., to h a v e enough to eat. E pua ana ka 4ohi'a-'ai a ho'umeke i ka malama o Hinaia'ele'ele (Kep. 9 3 ) , t h e m o u n t a i n apple blooms and fruits f o r m in t h e m o n t h of Hinaia-'ele'ele. ' u m e k e ' a l . Poi bowl. Fig., source of food, of t h e uplands. ' u m e k e I p u k a i . Bowl, as for serving m e a t or salty meat.

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u n e - k i

' u m e k e k e p a k e p a . Bowl with horizontal panels. Lit., wedged bowl,

flat

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' u m e k e l a ' a u . Wooden bowl,

and tugging on an imaginary beard.] ( P P N kumi, P M P gumi.) 2 . Redup. of 'umi, 1. ' u m l ' u m l - o - D o l e . S a m e as hinahina, 2, Florida moss. Lit., Dole's whiskers,

' u m e k e pOhue. Gourd calabash,

u m i l . T o moo, bellow; to bark, of seals; mooing, ' u m o k l . 1 . Cork, stopper, bung; to cork, stop up; wad of a gun; partitions in bamboo water containers; to shont au arrow so t h a t i t hits a mark squarely. 2 . T o plant taro shoots in small holes made by a stick. (Kep. 153.) ' u m o ' u m o k i . Redup. of 'umoki, 1, 2; to puff at a pipe or cigar, so called because of the movement of the cheeks, u m u . Oven, furnace (Ezek. 22.20); a heap of rocks placed in the sea for small fish such as t h e manini to hide in: this was surrounded by a net and the fish were caught. More commonly called imu. h o ' o O m u . T o make an umu\ to pile in a heap, u m u a h l . Fire pit. Ka umu ahi e punohu ana (Kin. 15.17), a smoking furnace, u m u a k u a . S a m e as waiakua, aloof, u m u l e p o . E a r t h oven, u m u l o a . S a m e as imu loa.

' u m e k e m f t n a ' a l . Very small bowl, as formerly used for poi by favorite children. Lit., poi mouth-fed bowl, ' u m e k e ' d p a k a . Bowl with vertical panels with vertical edges between them. See ' o p a k a , 1. ' u m e k e p a l a p a ' a . Thick-bottomed wooden calabash. Lit., firm-dabbed bowl, perhaps so called because dabs of poi are held firm in this type of calabash t h a t does not upset, ' u m e k e p & w e h e . A decorated gourd bowl, as made on Niihau. ' u m e l a u n a . T h e a t t r a c t i o n t h a t draws two solids and makes them one. ' u m e l a u o h o . T h e attraction t h a t draws liquids up through narrow tubes; siphon. Lit., hair attraction. ' O m e l u . Somewhat decomposed, as fish. C'f. melu.

'ume makCneki (magenetl). The attraction

or pull of a magnet, ' u m e n a . An attraction, pulling. See 'ume, ' O m e n e . Same as 'upepe.

1.

' u m e ' u m e . Redup. of 'ume, l, 2, 3.

' u m l . 1. T o strangle, choke, suifocate, stifle, t h r o t t l e ; to repress, as desire. 'Umi a pua'a, to strangle like a hog. E 'umi i ka waimaka, hold back the tears. 2 . T e n ; tenth, ' u m i a . Passive/imperative of 'umi, 1. 'Umia ka hanu! (a war c r y ) , hold the breath! B e patient, persist! ' u m l h a u . Offering of pig between two armies before starting battle. (Malo 197.) ' Q m l ' I . Clamp, clip, clasp, buckle, vise, trap; to pinch, clip, clasp, clamp, squeeze; sharp _body pain or cramp, as in the side. Makaaniani 'umi'i, spectacles held on t h e nose with clips, and without s u p p o r t i n g h a n d l e s on the ears; pince-nez. Mea ho'opa'a umi'i, stapler,

' f l m l ' i 'lole. Rattrap, mousetrap. 'uml'l-kO. (Perkinsiella

Introduced sugar-cane saccharicida).

leafhopper

'Oml'i kuapo. Belt buckle,

'ttml'l kukul-haole. Nutcracker. 'Omi'l lauoho. Hair clasp.

' O m l ' I p e p a . Paper clip, clamp, staple, ' u m l k a m a l l ' l . S a m e as 'umi keiki. ' u m l k e l k l . Infanticide; to strangle infants; foeticide, ' u m i k l . S a m e as 'umi'i. ' u m l k Q m f t - . An element compounded with numbers from one to nine to indicate 11 to 19. See G r a m . 3.5. ' u m l k Q m a h a . Fourteen,

'uml kQmahlku. Seventeen, 'uml kQm&lwa. Nineteen, 'uml kam&kolu. Thirteen, 'uml kflmallma. Fifteen, ' u m l k f i m a l u a . Twelve.

'uml kQm&ono. Sixteen, 'uml kOmawalu. Eighteen,

'Amu'o. Var. of 'omu'o, to nip.

u m u p a o . Same as imu pao. u n a . 1. Shell of turtle or tortoise. 2 . S a m e as haha ka 'upena (net gauge or spacer) so called because some were made of turtle shell. 3 . Var. of une. 4 . Dice. - u n a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o Q n a . T o send, transmit, send on an errand, command, put to work; to send spirits on an errand, especially of destruction. u n a . Fatigued, weary (Lunk. 4.21). h o ' o u n a . T o cause weariness, ' u n a e . 1. T h e lumpy sea cucumber ( S t i c h o p u s chloronotes). 2 . Worn thin and lumpy, as a mattress, or formerly, the dried leaves under the sleeping mat. u n a h e . 1. Same as nahe\ light breeze. Unahe ka pa o ka makani, tho wind blows gently. Ho'olele lupe i ka unahe (Kep. 115), fly kites in a light breeze. 2 . A foliose lichen (Parmelia pcrlata). u n a h l . Scales of a fish; scaly; to scale. ( P P N 'unafi, P M P qunap.) u n a h l k a l a k a l a . Rough scales, especially from midbody to tail of certain fishes; scute, u n a h l n a h l . Redup. of una hi; many scales, u n a h l p l ' i . Cracked and peeling, of the soles or heels of the feet, u n a h l - p l p l . Young pipi shellfish, u n a h l p o h a k u . Fungus growths on stones. Lit., stone scales, u n a h i - u h u . A variety of sweet potato,

unala. Var. of ulana, 1, 2, 3.

' u m l kQmak&hl. Eleven,

' u m l k u m a m a - . S a m e as 'umi kuma-. one to nine are suffixed to this also.

'uml'uml pCheuheu. Sideburns,

Numbers Biblical.

' u m l n a . Strangling, choking, etc. See 'umi, 1. ' u m l ' u m l . 1 . Whiskers, beard, mustache; tendril; barbel or feelers on lower jaw of a fish; suckers t h a t fasten bivalves such as the nahawele to rocks; rope used for hauling unfinished canoe hull from t h e forest to t h e shore. E ! 'umi'umi kaol S a y ! G o a t ' s beard! [a t a u n t of one child to another child who has been scolded, sometimes accompanied by goat-like bleating

u n a n a . 1. Var. of unala, to plait. 2 . Wee, tiny. 06s. 3 . A bird (no d a t a ) . ( K L line 321.) 4 . A plain. Obs. u n a ' o a . Same as kauna'oa, a mollusk. u n a u n a . Hermit crabs in general. Also called papa'i-iwi-pupu. -u n a u n a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o f l n a u n a . Redup. of

ho'ouna.

unftunft. Redup. of una.

u n a u n a h l . T o scale, of fish, u n e . Lever; lever on a sewing machine t h a t raises or lowers the presser foot; to pry. Fig., to urge, disturb, harass,

unea. Nausea,

u n e a n e a . Redup. of unea. u n e - k i . Shift lever for bobbin winder of a sewing machine.

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u n e 1 e

Unele. Honk_of a goose; to honk. Unelel unele! wahi a ka nene, honk! honk! says the goose [of failure, lack; pun on nele, loss, deprived], 'unelunelu. Same as nenelu, marsh, uneune. Redup. of une. 'unla. Adult 'uhini, locust; cricket, 'unihl. Variant of 'uhini, 1, 2. 'unihlplll. 1. Spirit of a dead person, sometimes believed present in bones or hair of the deceased and kept lovingly. Also 'uhinipili. 2. Same as 'uhinipili, 2. unlkallo, unitarlo. Unitarian. Eng. 'flnlkl. Graduation exercises, as for hula, lua fighting, and other ancient arts (probably related to niki, to tie. as the knowledge was bound to the student), 'flnina. Var. of 'ulina. uniona. Union, labor union. Eng. 'unlu. Same as manu, 3, canoe projections, uno'a. Var. of uno'o.

on a needle; to splice, interweave, as strands of a rope; seizing turns in lashing. Ke 'uo la i ka mdnai ( P H 191), threading [flowers] on the needle. 'Uo 'ia i ka manai ho'okahi, strung on the same lei needle [married]. 2. Same as 'uo'uo. uoa. 1. Same as uouoa, a fish. 2. Name given for an unknown disease, characterized by aching shoulders. uol. To move along, of many; to slouch along together. I ka hele ua o Manu'a-kepa, uoi aku i ka loa o Ko'i-alana (song), the rain journey of Manu'a-kepa, moving at random along the length of Ko'i-alana. UOkl, uwokl. Stop it! Quit! Don't touch! uolo. T o call out; a loud calling. I ka'u uolo 'ana aku e lohe mai ia'u (Hal. 4.1), when I call out, listen to me. uo'o. Tough. He pu hala uo'o, a tough old pandanus [a tight-fisted person, named for Puhala-hua, a Hawaiian noted for thrift]. 'UO'UO, 'UWO'UWO. Adhesive, sticky, but without lumps, as good poi; tough, strong. Ka poi 'uo'uo o kaohi pu'u, sticky poi that settles nicely down the throat, uouoa. A fish (Neomyxus rhaptalii), known as the false mullet or false 'ama'ama, distinguishable from the true mullet by its narrower and tapered mouth and creamy rather than silvery pectoral fins. The head, when eaten, was supposed to cause sleeplessness and nightmares, ua hopu heua i ka uouoa, accidentally caught an uouoa [in trouble, play on uwo, to howl], ' u o ' u o l e a . Shadows and gloom of a forest;

'Onoko. Same as kd'ele'ele, seaweeds. Hawaii. unonoho. Plural and frequentative of noho. uno'o. Scorched, partly consumed by fire, inflamed. unouno'o. Same as uno'o. Unouno'o Puna i ke kua wahine, the goddess scorched Puna, unu. 1. Small stone, pebble, stone chip; wedge, prop. Cf. unu pehi 'iole. Kohala i ka unu pa'a, Kohala with the solid stone [firmness], 2. Altar, especially a crude one for fishermen or for the god Lono. Unu kupukupu ( P H 202), a growing altar [of fishermen]. 3. Rare var. of inu, to drink. 4. Rare var. of ulu. E ka unu me ka ua Kipu'upu'u (song), by the stirring [of tho wind] and the Kipu'upu'u rain, - u n u . (With ho'o-) ho'oQnu. T o macadamize, as a road. ' u n u . T o shorten, hoist, jerk upwards; to pull or draw together, as the hair, ho'o'unu. Causative/simulative; to massage with the palm of the hand and with quick movements rather than gentle pressure, 'unua. Passive/imperative of 'unu. unuhe. Same as uluhe, ferns, unuhi. T o take out, withdraw, as money from a bank, or a drawer from a desk; to unsheath; to take off, as a ring; to translate, interpret. Mea unuhi, translator, interpreter, ho'ounuhl. To have something translated, withdrawn, etc. ( P P N unuhi, P M P qunus.) unuhia. Passive/imperative of unuhi. unuhi kallke loa. Literal translation, unuhi l a u l l loa. Free translation, unuhina. Translation. unuhi 'Oielo. To translate or interpret; translator, interpreter, unuhi pill. Close, literal translation. Unulau. 1. A wind famous in song; according to Emerson, the trade wind. ( U L 196, For. 5:253.) For examples see puka, pu'upa. 2. Name of a place at Ka'u, Hawaii. 3. Name of a star, 'unuloa. A Kauai name for napili, a fish, ununa. Var. of uluna, 1-3. unflnu. Var. spelling of unuunu. u n u pehi 'iole. Rat-pelting pebble, insulting

weird, ghostly, fearsome. (AP.) 'flp2. Any instrument that opens and shuts, as shears, scissors, tongs, bellows, carpenter's compass; to beat, as the heart; to open and shut, as the mouth champing food; to slam, bang, as a door. Fig., a furious attack, onslaught. 'QpS ahi. Tongs for picking up hot coals, upa'ap&'ani. To play together, 'upa'i. T o flap, as wings, clothes in the wind; to bend in the wind, as a branch; to walk with a flapping movement. Mehe 'upa'i na ke koa'e la ( P H 101), like the flapping of a tropic bird's [wings]. ' u p a ' l p a ' l . Redup. of 'upa'i. '0p2 koli k u k u i . Candle snuffers. Lit., scissors cutting off candlenut. 'flpalu. 1. Gentle, mild, soft-spoken, soft, tender, fragile. Ua 'upalu wale ke oho o ke kupukupu, the kupukupu fern fronds are soft. 2. A softbodied holothurian (Opheodesoma spectabilis). 3. A bird (no data). 'Qpalupaiu. 1. Redup. of 'upalu, 1. 2. According to Malo, a type of fishing; translated by Emerson as "ordinary angling." (Malo 210, 213.) ' D p i makanl. Bellows. 'OpS m a u ' u . Grass shears. 'Qp& mikl'ao. Fingernail scissors. 'Qp& nul. Shears. ' d p i 'oki nihoniho. Pinking shears. Lit., shears for cutting points, 'up&palu. 1. Same as 'upalupalu. 2. The larger cardinal fishes (family Apogonidae). A variant name is 'upapalu-maka-nui. 'Opa ' u m e . Nippers. 'upa'upA. Redup. of 'upa; to rub clothes up and down a washboard. Op6. Crushed, flattened; humble, bashful; dry and juiceless, as sugar cane. Hale maka upe, humble-appearing house. ho'oOpS. T o crush, belittle, flatten, treat contemptuously (Kep. 107). 'upe. Same as io, a rib on a paddle. 'ttpi.Mucus. Fig., tears, grief. Also hupe. Kahe ka 'upe (For. 5:11), mucus flows. He 'upe, he waimaka, he waimaka aloha ( P H 139), the nose runs from weeping, tears, tears of love. Mai

epithet for a person of no consequence, u n u u n u . 1. T o singe, as the feathers of a chicken before dressing it, or the hairs of a pig or dog by rolling it over hot oven stones. Also uluulu. 2. Var. of uluulu, 3, tangled. 3. Stick erected as a taboo sign. (AP.) 4. Young 'ohi'a timber, as used in making images. (AP.) ' u n u ' u n u . Redup. of 'unu. hO'unu'unu. T o pleat, overlap in sewing; to pull up, as a sagging petticoat. 'UO, 'UWO. 1. A group of feathers tied together in a small bunch, to be made into a feather lei or cloak; to tie thus; to tie into a lei; to string

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' u ' u ' u

ho'omakamaka wahine, he 'upe ka loa'a, d o n ' t m a k e a pal of a woman, nose running in grief is the outcome. ' Q p e h u p e h u . Swollen, bloated; inflammation, ' u p e n a . Fishing net, net, web. Fig., trap, ' u p e n a a h u u l u . Same as 'upena uluulu. ' u p e n a ' a k l ' l k l ' l . D i p net. c f . la, 5. ' u p e n a ' a k u k u . N e t held open by supporting stick, as used for pahuhu fish, ' u p e n a - ' a l i h l . N a m e given f o r a net spread over a patient by a medical kahuna in order to catch evil spirits, ' u p e n a ' a p o ' a p o . Fishing net. ' u p e n a - h a l u ' a . Tapa-beater design. ' u p e n a - h & l u ' a - n l h o - m a n O . T a p a - b e a t e r design, with stripes and shark-teeth motifs, ' u p e n a h o ' o l e w a l e w a . Gill net stretched at high tide across fish runs in shallow water. Lit., suspended net. ' u p e n a h o ' o m o e m o e . A net set out in the sea and l e f t there, ' u p e n a h O u n a . N e t made of fibers of hau and 'ahu'axva. Lit., scoop net. ' u p e n a ' l a o . N e t f o r 'iao, bait fish, ' u p e n a k a h e . N e t similar to the paku'iku'i. Lit., flow net. ' u p e n a k&tva'a. N e t about f o r t y f a t h o m s long used in deep-sea fishing with canoes, ' u p e n a k i l o l . T h r o w i n g net. ' u p e n a k l o l a . T h r o w i n g net. ' u p e n a k o l a u . Seine. Also called hukilau. Lit., rope-pulling net. ' u p e n a k o l o . I m m e n s e bag net said to be f r o m sixteen to t w e n t y - f o u r fathoms deep. Lit., t o w ing net. ' u p e n a k u ' u . Gill net. ' u p e n a l a u o h o . Hairnet. ' u p e n a m a ' I ' o . N e t made of hau fiber. Lit., jagged net. ' u p e n a m & k i n l . A net used for destruction, as by robbers to snare victims, ' u p e n a m a o m a o . A large net used in deep water with the melomelo lure. Lit., f a r net. ' u p e n a m O k O . N e t that is baited and left in the sea, as f o r papa'i crabs, ' u p e n a n a n a n a n a . Spider web. ' u p e n a ' O h u a p a l e m o . N e t used for young palemo, a fish. Also called nae. ' u p e n a p a k l ' l k i ' l . Same as 'upena 'aki'iki'i. ' u p e n a p a p a . Gag net, said to be a combination of three nets, with the puhi nui at the opening (meshes t w o or more fingers in w i d t h ) , then the puhi iki (meshes half as large), and at the end the pupu, which was also called the mole. Lit., stratum net. ' u p e n a p a p a ' i . N e t f o r catching papa'i crabs. A l s o 'upena moku. ' u p e n a p i l l . T w o nets attached to either side of the opening of the paku'iku'i. Lit., joining net. ' u p e n a p o ' o . Bag net. Lit., head net. ' u p e n a - p Q p O . A tapa-beater design with net meshes enhanced w i t h small circles, ' u p e n a u l u u l u . A scoop net with t w o parallel sticks f o r a f r a m e . Probably lit., f r a y e d net. Ka 'upena uluulu noho i ka hapapa (song), the uluulu net in the shallows. Qp£p€. R e d u p . of upe. ' O p e p e . Flat-nosed. A l s o 'umene, kumene. ' u p e p e h u . Same as 'upehupehu. ' d p i . Sponge; syringe; t o squirt, squeeze, spray through an orifice; t o squish-squash, as the noise m a d e by walking with shoes full of water; to extract b y pressing and wringing; t o express. ' O p l k l . 1. T r a p , snare, clamp; treachery; t o snap or clamp together, as a trap, the jaws, or a b i v a l v e ; to shut, as a flower; t o pinch, as with

pressure of thumb and fingers. Same as 'Bpiki. F o r example see pahele. 2. A tapa stamp. ' Q p i k l ' l o l e . R a t t r a p , mousetrap. ' O p l k l l i m a . Handcuff. ' Q p l k l p i k l . Redup. of 'upiki, 1. ' Q p l l a h o . Testicle pressing, said of male h o m o sexuality. 'fipllt. Cramped, crowded, packed tight. C f . •opili. Maka 'upili, tightly closed eyes, ' u p i ' u p l . Redup. of 'upt; t o soften an octopus, as by holding the head and working the tentacles up and d o w n in a container with salt. ' O p o h o . 1. Same as poho\ the sound produced by clapping the body with cupped hands. Cf. kai 'upoho. 2. Bagpipe, ' f i p o ' i . Same as po'i. ' f l p o ' l m a k a . Eyelid. ' O p o ' l p o ' l . Same as po'ipo'i. 'O'ili maila o 'Aiohi-kupua a ma ke alo o Ihu-anu ku ihola, a ua 'upo'ipo'i na lima ( F o r . 5:409), 'Aiohi-kupua appeared before Ihu-anu and stood there and slapped his cupped hands against his body (to resound defiantly], ' f l p o l u . M o i s t . Cf. u, 2. Ka maka 'upolu o ka lehua i ka ua, the soft petals of the lehua wet by the rain. ' u p u . Recurring thought, desire, attachment, hope, expectation; to desire, long for, c o v e t , keep thinking of with anticipation. Cf. ha'upu'upu. 'A'ole no i 'upu iho, komo mai ana ka mo'i wahine, in a moment, the queen entered; lit., not indeed a thought given. Cf. 'u, 2. ' O p u k a . Obs. variant of 'Ipuka. u p u p S . Sandpiper, lapwing bird (Biblical; Oihk. 11.19). ' u p u ' u p u . Redup. of 'upu. 'A'ole i 'upu'upu, in hardly any time. h f i ' u p u ' u p u . T o recall t o someone else; to t e r r i f y someone by repeating an unpleasant impending event, especially t h a t one is to be the v i c t i m of sorcery; to harp on impending doom. Cf. ha'upu'upu, to recall without this p e j o r a t i v e connotation, ' u ' u . T o strip, as leaves or maile bark; to draw in, as a line on a ship; to draw out, unsheath, as a sword; to draw back, as the fist preparing to strike, or as the f o o t about t o kick; to hoist, as a sail; to practice masturbation; t o answer back sharply or rudely; to pour suddenly, as rain. 'U'u ke kua ua, d o w n came the shower. 'O ka 'u'u maila no ia i ka pakike, it was a snapping f o r t h rudely. He po'e 'u'u maunu palu 'ala'ala na kekahi po'e lawai'a, a people who draw out the octopus liver bait preparation for other fishermen [those w h o do the d i r t y work f r o m which others reap the benefit]. ' f l ' O . 1. R e d u p . of 'u, 1\ to stutter, stammer. Ka 'u'u 'ana o na mamo o Isera'ela (Puk. 6.5), t h e groaning of the children of Israel. (Possibly P P N kuku, P M P gukguk.) 2. R e d u p . of fi, 2; impregnated partially, as fish w i t h salt. ( H o ' o ma'u is used t o d a y f o r soaking.) 3. All squirrelfishes of the genus Myripristis. Ua loa'a akula ka i'a 'o ka 'u'u, the 'u'u fish now caught [one has cause to sigh or grieve, a play on 'u, t o sigh]. 4. {Cap.) N a m e of a star (no d a t a ) , ' t i ' f l a , ' O ' f l w a . Slippery, slimy, ' u ' u ' l n a . R e d u p . of 'u'ina. ' u ' u k u . T i n y , small; f e w . h o ' o ' u ' u k u . T o m a k e small, reduce, lessen, ' u ' u l u h a k u . L u m p y , b u m p y , coarse, said of some skin diseases. Cf. 'uluhaku. ' u ' u l u k a l . Bloated, swollen, dropsical, ' u ' u m l . Redup. of 'umi, to strangle. Ua aukS au i ka 'u'umi (Ier. 6.11), I am w e a r y with holding in. ' u ' u m u l k u . Short, deficient, defective. ( A P . ) ' u ' u n u . Redup. of 'unu. ' u ' u p e k u p e k u . T o s w a y , teeter, as the mast of a ship at sea. ' u ' u ' u . R e d u p . of 'u'u.

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' u ' u ' u

' O ' u ' u . Same as 'u'u, 1. Kapo'e 'u'u'u (Isa. 32.4), the stammerers. Ua 'uu'u noho'i kona leo ( M a r . 7.32), an impediment also in his speech. ' O ' O w a . Var. spelling of 'u'ua. ' u » a . T o shout, cry out, sound loud. 'Uwa ho'ohilahila, to hoot at, shout at in derision. hO'uwa. Causative/simulative, u w a ' a . T o dig or dredge a trench, furrow, u w a h t . Var. spelling of uahi. u w a t . Var. spelling of uai. fl w a l . Water-soaked, soggy, u w a k i , u a k l , w a k i , u a t l . W a t c h , clock; a watch, as of a sailor. Eng. See ku uwaki. u w a k i h o ' a l a . A l a r m clock, u w a k i p f i l l m a . W r i s t watch, ' u w a l a . Var. spelling of 'uala. u w a l i . Same as wali, soft, smooth. Cf. uua'uwali. u w a l o , u a l o . T o call out, as f o r heip; to resound. Of. walo. Ke akua uwalo i ka la'i (chant), the god calling out in the calm, ' u w a l l l . Same as walu, to claw. 'Eha ka pdhaku i ka 'uwalu a ke ahi ( I ' H 202), the stone suffers as it is clawed by the fire. U W & n l ' l . Var. spelling of uani'i. ' u w a o . Var. spelling o f ' t t a o . u w a p o , u a p o . W h a r f , pier, bridge. Eng. Na loa'a mai na uwapo mai, revenues f r o m wharves, u w a ' u , u a ' u . Same as wa'u, to grate, ' u w a ' u . Var. spelling of 'ua'u, petrel. ' u w S ' u w i , ' u a ' u a . Redup. of 'uwa. u w a u w a l . Var. spelling of uauai. See uai. u w a ' u w a l l . Soft, limp, weak. Lilo ku laua uani'i i mea uwa'uwali wale no. their stiffness will become just limpness, u w e . Var. spelling of ue. u w € . T o cry, weep, lament, mourn; a cry, lamentation, weeping; to salute ( M a t . 5.47). Cf. auwe. Uwe wale, to cry for no reason; crybaby. h o ' o u w S . T o cause weeping, to make someone cry. u w e a , u e a . W i r e . Eng. Uuea poepoe, smooth wire. u w e a h a k a h a k a . W i r e screen; screen, as on windows. Lit., space wire, u w e a k e l e p o n a . Telephone wire, u w e a m a k a ' u p e n a . Chicken wire. Lit., netmesh wire, u w e a m o a n a . Undersea cable, u w e a ' o l e . Wireless. u w e a 'Olelo. Telegraph wire. Lit., speaking wire. u w C ' e h e n e . Same as ehehene. ' u w e h e , ' u e h e . 1. T o open, uncover, reveal, untie; to pry open, as a b i v a l v e ; t o r e m o v e evil influence, as by prayer. Cf. wehe. 2. Hula step: one f o o t is lifted with weight shifting t o opposite hip as the f o o t is lowered; both knees are then pushed forward by the quick raising of the heels, with continued swaying of the hips f r o m side to side (a difficult s t e p ) ; t o do this step.

u w g h e h e n e . Same as ehehene. uwC h e l u . A wailing call of grief and love, recounting deeds of a loved one and shared experiences; t o weep and speak thus. Lit., enumerating weeping, u w e k a , u e k a . D i r t y , bleary, as the eyes. Cf. weka. ' u w e k e . Same as 'uwehe, 1, 2. u w e k o , u e k o . Bad-smelling, musty, u w e k o w e k o , u e k o e k o . Redup. of uweko. u w e n e . Var, spelling of uene. u w e n e w e n e . Unclean in habits. ( A P . ) u w e p a , u e p a . 1. W a f e r . Eng. 2. Whip. Uepa kiani, a flexible hand whip. 3. Wax seal, as used on envelopes; to seal, u w i u w e . Redup. of uwe. h o ' o u w 6 u w 6 . Redup. of ho'ouwe\ t o imitate wailing; a wailing dirge, u w e u w e k o , u e u e k o . Redup. of uweko. ' u w e ' u w e l e . Var. spelling of 'ue'uele. ' u w l , ' u l . 1. T o squeak, squeal; t o gnash, as teeth. Of. wi. hO'UWl. Causative/simulative. 2. T o twist, squeeze, wring, grind; to express, as juice f r o m f r u i t ; to milk, as a cow. h O ' u w I . Causative/simulative. ' u w l a . 1. Passive/imperative of 'uwl, 1,2. 2. A split in a tree. Obs. ' u w l k l . 1. Var. spelling of 'uiki, to glimmer. 2. Also ' u l k i . W i c k . Eng. For example see pipl. 3. Whist. Eng. u w l l a . Var. spelling of uila. u w i l l l h a p a . Hrick, named for Captain Winship, said to have brought the first bricks to Hawaii, ' u w l ' u w l , ' u l ' u l . 1. Redup. of 'uwl, 1, 2. h o ' u w l ' u w l . Redup. of ho'uwi. 2. A variety of triggerfish (family Balistidae), so called because it is said to make a squeaky sound. Also called humuhumu. 3. A ceremony to insure sharp teeth for infants; after an infant's tooth is pulled, it is passed under the knee of the child while chanting: 'Uwl'uwl ka niho o ke kanaka no ka 'iole, ka niho o ka Hole no ke kanaka, e 'oi ka niho o [name of the child], grind the tooth of the person f o r the rat, the tooth of the rat f o r the person, so the tooth of [name] will be sharp. T h e tooth is thrown away so that a rat will find it and grant the sharpness of its own teeth to the new tooth that will grow in the child's mouth. T o perform this ceremony. 4. Fermented liquor, swipes. 5. Same as ilioha, horseweeds; to use as a switch: to beat. ' Uwl'uun aku au ic 'oe a pu'alala, I'll take a switch to you until [you] bawl, ' u w l ' u w i a . Same as 'uwl'uwl, 4. ' u w l ' u w l k l . Var. spelling of 'ui'uiki. ' u w l ' u w l - l u a . A variety of 'uwl'uwl, triggerfish. ' u w l w a i O . T o milk, as a cow. Hui 'uwl waiu, dairy. u w f l . T o bellow, roar, shout loudly, howl. Leo uwo, bass notes in music; roaring voice, as of a lion. Pule uwo ( K e p . 57), loudly-chanted prayer. 'UWO. Var. spelling of 'uo, 1, 2. u w o k l . Var. spelling of uoki. UW0UW0. Redup. of uwo. ' u w o ' u w o . Var. spelling of 'uo'uo.

For words sometimes spelled with initial v-, see w>. For example: vabine, see wupine, verbena; vinega, see wlneka, vinegar; vito, see wiko, vito.

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346

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Initial

w - is sometimes

omitted

before

-a-, as in w a i , who;

called bocause of the similarity to a m o v i n g canoe. w a ' a '&kea, w a ' a kea. Starboard hull of a double canoe, w a ' a ' a u h a u . T r i b u t e canoe; a basket filled with f o o d and set adrift during the makahiki ceremonies, said to represent the canoe in which L o n o returned to T a h i t i ( M a l o 151). w a ' a e ' o l a . Same as la'ae'oia. W a ' a h l l a . A rain in Nu'u-anu and M a n o a valleys. Ola ke kai o Kou i ka Ua-Wa'ahila (saying), the land of K o u [Honolulu] lives by the W a ' a h i l a rain, w a ' a h o l o h a i l . Sleigh. Lit., canoe running on snow.

Wft. 1. Period of time, epoch, era, time, season, age. Ia wa, then, at t h a t time. Wa kamali'i, wa li'ili'i, childhood. Wa u'i, age of youth and beauty. Mai keia wa_aku_, f r o m this t i m e forth, henceforth. Mai kela wa mai, f r o m that time on. I ka wa pau 'ole, f o r e v e r , eternity. Wa huli i luna ke alo, the t i m e the f r o n t turns over [infancy]. Na wa me na kau, seasons, chrono l o g y . 'A'ohe wa, almost. 'A'ohe noho'i he wa, ho'oku'i 'ia e ke ka'a, almost hit. by a car. 2. Tense, in grammar. C f . wa 'and. Wa i hala, past tense. Wa e hiki mai ana, future tense. 3. T o m a k e a noise, roar, din; noisy; to talk much, as of gossip: t o talk loudly back and f o r t h ; to reason. Cf. wawa. Wa ihola lakou ia lakou iho ( M a t . 16.7), they reasoned among themselves, h o ' o w a . T o m a k e a sound, roar; t o cause gossip, talk. Kai ho'owa, roaring sea. 4. Space, interval, as between o b j e c t s ; channel. Cf. kowa. ( P P N va, P M P wawaq.) 5. Fret of an ukulele, guitar, or similar instrument, - w a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o w a . T o retch, w a ' a . 1. Canoe; a chant in praise of a chief's canoe. Wa'a kome nona (Puk. 2.3), ark of bulrushes. h o ' o w a ' a . T o make or shape a canoe. ( P P N vaka, P M P wangkang.) 3. Trench, f u r r o w . Fig., a woman, h o ' o w a ' a . T o dig a trench, f u r r o w . 3. M o v i n g masses of liquid lava, so

—

Wakea, wanini, wau.

w a ' a h o n u a . A wide canoe. w a ' a - k a l - l l k e . A canoe with little sheer.

Lit.,

equal-sea canoe, w a ' a k a u . H e a d fisherman's canoe, w a ' a k a u a . W a r canoe; an army f o r m a t i o n ( M a l o 197). w a ' a k a u h l . Canoe f o r Ashing aku. w a ' a k a u k a t i l . Single canoe, as contrasted with the kaulva. Lit., single-placed canoe.

347

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w a ' a

ffa'a k a u l u a . Double canoe. Lit., double-placed canoe. w a ' a k e a . 1. Unpainted canoe set t o sea a f t e r the taboos were lifted during the makahiki harvest festivals. ( M a l o 151.) Lit., white canoe. 2. Same as wa'a 'akea. w a ' a - k Q p a h o a . A long, thin canoe. Obs. - w a ' a l l a . ( W i t h hn'o-) h o ' o w a ' a l l a . Passive/ i m p e r a t i v e of ho'owa'a, to dig a trench. w 4 ' A n d . Present tense. w a ' a p f t . Skiff, r o w b o a t ; f e r r y b o a t (2 Sam. 19.18). Lit., board canoe. w a ' a - p f t h o a . Same as wa'a-kupahoa. Obs. w a ' a p a u l u a . Said to be a large or double canoe w i t h three 'iako. w a ' a - p Q h l . A small, slim canoe used f o r surfing. Obs. w a ' a ' u l a . A chief's canoe with red sails, w a ' a w a ' a . 1. Redup. of wa'a, 2; full of gulches, gullies, grooves; gullied, furrowed, g r o o v e d . 2. Muscular; one whose back bulges with muscles and furrows. 3. Stupid, ignorant. C f . hawawa. Wa'awa'a-iki-na'aupd, ignorant stupid one [name of a legendary simpleton], n o ' o w a ' a w a ' a . T o act the fool. 4. Upper end of a lobster's leg. 5. H o l l o w at meeting of bones below the A d a m ' s apple. 6. Desolate, uninhabited. Wa'awa'a ko kaua hale, 'a'ohe kanaka (a dirge), our house is desolate without people, w a ' a w a ' a b l a . Passive/imperative of wa'awa'a, 1. Ka ua wa'awa'ahia o Wai-pi'o, the f u r r o w cutting rain of W a i - p i ' o . w a ' a w a ' a Iki. Same as wa'awa'a, 3, w a e . 1. T o choose, select, pick out, sort, separate; to draft, as soldiers; t o preen, as_ of a chicken; finicky; to reflect, meditate. Himeni wae, selected hymn or anthem, h o ' o w a e . T o choose, pretend t o choose; finicky. 2. U-shaped canoe spreader. 3. L e g . Obs. See wawae. w a ' e . Same as 'a'ae, third generation taro. w a e ' a n a . Selection, choice. w& e h l k l m a l a n a . Future tense or time, w a e l e . T o weed, r e m o v e grass or weeds, w a e n a . 1. M i d d l e , between, center ( o f t e n preceded by i, ma-, mai)', mean, average. Of. leo waena. 2. Cultivated field, garden, v e g e t a b l e iot. Na meakanu o ka waena ( K i n . 3.18), the erb of the field, w a e n a k o n u . Center, middle. I waenakonu o ke kai ( P u k . 14.29), in the midst of the sea. ( F o r P P N , P M P see -konu.) w a e w a ' a . Same as wae, z. w a e w a e . Redup. of wae, l. w a ' e w a ' e . 1. C l o v e n hoof, as of cattle, goats, and deer. Iiauai. Obs. 2. H e a d fisherman in charge of ku'ula, stone gods, w a h a . 1. M o u t h ; opening; inner surface of a b o w l ; open t o p of a canoe; muzzle of a gun; oral; to talk too much. See hewa, 4; kaka'o, waha wale, wahawaha. Ma ka waha, oral. Ka i ka waha, to smite the speaker [said disparagingly of one who does himself what he has condemned others for doing], Mai lawe mai i kana 'uala, he waha, d o n ' t bring his sweet potatoes, (he] talks t o o much. Ha'i walewaha mai, t o recite, h o ' o w a h a . T o talk excessively, insult; t o make an opening; t o make faces; t o dub out a canoe; to make a f u r r o w . 2. N e c k of a dress. Mu'umu'u waha nui, mu'umu'u with a l o w neck. 3. T o carry on the back, as a child; a load so carried, h o ' o w a h a . Causative/simulat i v e . 4. Square notch cut in the upper part of house posts, in which the wall plates (lohelau) were placed, w a h a ' S . Sharp-tongued; to speak heatedly and rudely. Lit., burning mouth, w a h a ' a w a . A prophet of misfortune whose evil prophecies usually c o m e true. Lit., bitter mouth, waha hauka'e. Smeared mouth; smuttymouthed, evil-tongued.

g

k a u l u a

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w a h a h e ' e . T o lie; lying, d e c e i t f u l ; a lie, liar. Lit., slippery mouth. F o r example see keu. w a h a k a l e . T o drool at the m o u t h ; to talk excessively, gush, w a h a k o l e . Garrulous, noisy, boisterous and obstreperous in speech. Lit., raw mouth, w a h a k o ' u . Garrulous; clucking mouth, w ä h a l a . Past tense. w a h a l a p a l a p a . T o scold, utter scathing remarks. Lit., blazing mouth, w a h a l e h e . W i d e open, as a door; t o o large, as the neck of a dress. Fig., to exaggerate. Lit., wide mouth. A l s o uhalehe. w a h a l l n a . F i n i c k y , of eating. Lit., tightmouthed, w a h a m a n a . Screen, shutter. Obs. w a h a m a n a . 1. Voice of authority, person in authority. Lit., powerful mouth. 2. One who digresses f r o m subject to subject ; to digress. Lit., branching mouth. w ä h a n e . Same as häwane, seed of the loulu. w a h a n u l . A big mouth; to talk too much, tattle; tattler, w a h a ' o h l . T o talk in a foolish, silly, senseless manner; such talk: such a talker, w a h a - o - k a m a n ö . A lua fighting hold; fish was taboo while learning this. Lit., shark's mouth, w a h a 'Ö k o k o . T o slander one's o w n blood. Lit., mouth that pierces blood, w a h a ' ö l e l o . Spokesman; speaking mouth, w a h a p a ' a . T o goad, tease, banter; argumentative. Lit., hard mouth, w a h a p a l a . A coated mouth, said in derision of one who does not know the chants honoring his chief when he should, w a h a p l l o . Halitosis, foul mouth, w a h a p l o . T o be unable to speak; not to dare to speak. Lit., imprisoned mouth, waha pu'u. Protruding lips; unintelligible speech, as of one who has had a stroke. Lit., lumpy mouth, w a h a ' u l a . T o nibble and pick at f o o d without appetite. Lit., red [sore] mouth, w a h ä w a h ä . T o treat with contempt, despise, abhor, ridicule, h o ' o w a h ä w a h ä . Causative/ simulative. Iio'owahawaha i ka 'aha, c o n t e m p t of court. w a h a w a l . T o talk glibly, brag. Lit., watery mouth. w a h a w a l e . Deceitful, lying. Lit., slimy mouth, w a h a w a l l . Glib-tongued. w ä h e ' e . T i m e when he'e (octopus) abound, w ä h e u ' o l e . T i m e of beardless youth, proadolescence. Lit., t i m e without whiskers, w ä h l . 1. Place. ( K a wahi contracts to kähi.) Iä 'oe ia wahi! (rudely), N o n e of your business! ( p o l i t e l y ) I t is your turn. Ua hele akula laua ia wahi a'e ia wahi a'e, they went everywhere. 2. Some, a little, a few, a bit of. E 'olu'olu 'oe i wahi wai, please a little water. He wahi makana keia, this is just a little g i f t . 'A'ohe wahi a ne'ene'eu mai, does not bestir at all. 3. T o say (usually followed by a or a zero-class possessive, and not preceded by either verb or noun particles). Wahi a wai? W h o said so? Wahi a ke ali'i, the chief said, w a h i . W r a p p e r , envelope, covering, sheath; a ti-leaf bundle; t o wrap, cover, bundle up, f o l d up, roll up ; swathe; to dress, as a wound. Cf. 'ili wahi, kipe. A wahi ihola 'oia i na papa i ke gula ( P u k . 36.34), and he overlaid the boards with gold. w ä h l . T o cleave, split, burst through, break through; to change, as m o n e y ; t o h a v e sex relations with a virgin. O wahi mai, e Lono, o wähi o luna, o wahi o lalo, o wahi ka uka, o wähi ke kai (prayer t o L o n o f o r rain), break through, O Lono, break through above, break through below, m a y the uplands break through, m a y tne

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w a i

seashore lands break through. E wähi mai i ka berena e ola ai (hymn), break the bread of life, w ä h t a . Passive/imperative of wähi. Ka hülili pa'a 'a'oe e wahia (chant for Kalakaua), the strong tower that cannot be broken, w a h i e . Fuel, firewood; to serve as firewood, w a h l e - ' a l a . Sandalwood. w a h l e - o - k e o l a . Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale), a small tree f r o m tropical America, with heavy, hard wood, useful f o r many purposes. T h e resin yields medicine and stain. T h e tree is also ornamental, each leaf with two or three pairs of rounded leaflets, the flowers blue and clustered, the fruits yellow and heart-shaped. W a h l leka. Envelope. w a h i moe. Bed (Hal. 132.3), place to sleep, w a h i n e . Woman, lady, wife; sister-in-law, female cousin-in-law of a man; queen in a deck of cards; womanliness, female, femininity; feminine; Mrs.; to have or obtain a wahine; to become a woman, as an adolescent. In some chants, as those about Pele, the word wahine seems to have a connotation of goddess. Cf. wahine. Kai wahine ( K e p . 183), a gentle sea. Kamika wahine, Mrs. Smith. Pipi wahine, cow. A laila wahine 'oe ( L a i e 493), then you will have a wife. Kana wahine maika'i, his good wife. Kona wahine maika'i, her good-looking femininity. h o ' o w a h l n e . T o behave like a woman, to imitate the ways of a woman; to grow into womanhood; to have the manners and ways of a lady; to become a wife; to obtain a wife (rare); to take as wife; feminine. Wahine ho'owahine, a platonic wife (an old Hawaiian relationship). 'Ike 'oia i ka wahine maika'i o Kamaile, 'o ka ho'owahine ihola no ia (For. 5:607), he saw the beautiful womanliness of Kamaile, [and] took her as wife. ( P P N fine, P M P binay.) w a h i n e . Plural of wahine. Na wähine, the women. w a h i n e h l ' u I'a. Mermaid. Lit., fish-tail woman, w a h i n e k a n e m a k e . W i d o w . Lit., woman with dead husband, w a h i n e k ä n e ' o l e . Spinster, woman without a husband, single woman, w a h i n e - m a l k a ' i . A gray lichen, w a h i n e m a k u a . Older woman; older sister-inlaw or female cousin-in-law of a man. w a h i n e m ä l a m a k a p a . Wardrobe mistress, w a h i n e m a l e ( m a r e ) . Married woman, bride, w a h l n e - n o h o - k u l a . A n endemic shrub ( I s o dendrion hawaiiense) in the violet family, having the petals equal and without spurs. Lit., woman dwelling [on the] plains, w a h l n e - n o h o - m a u n a . An endemic fern ( P o l y podium tamariscinum), with finely subdivided, narrow-elliptical fronds four to fifteen inches long, growing on trees and on the ground. Lit., mountain-dwelling woman, w a h i n e 'ole. Without a wife or sweetheart; bachelor. w a h l n e - ' ö m a ' o . Same as mohihihi, a vine, w a h i n e 'Öplo. Y o u n g woman; younger sisterin-law or female cousin-in-law of a man. w ä h l n o h o . Dwelling place, w ä h l p a ' a . Stronghold. (1 Sam. 23.14.) w a h o . Outside, beyond, out, outer, outward (frequently preceded by particles 'o, ma-, i). Mawaho o Hanalei (For. 5:13), off Hanalei [as a ship). Mawaho aku 'olual Go out, you two! Mawaho aku o ka po'ina nalu, beyond the breakers. He make na waho, death by outside [sorcery, not a natural death]. E 'imi i ke ola mawaho, seek help outside [consult a kahuna]. w a h u . T o take without consent, as food at a feast; to ensnare, trap. ( A P . ) w a h u a . Snare, trap. ( A P . ) w a h u l u . Same as ahulu, overcooked, w a h u w a h f l . T o interlock arms, as while walking. ( A P . )

a u

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w a l . 1. Water, liquid of any kind other than sea water, juice, sap, honey; any liquid discharged from the body, as blood, semen; color, dye, pattern; to flow like water; fluid. Cf. hanawai, niu, waiho'olu'u, wai niu, waiwai. Wai has a connotation of wealth and life, hence wai and ua, rain, are frequently mentioned in poetry. Wai o ke kane, semen. Wai o ka wahine, menstruation or other discharge. Wai o kdunu, thrilling discharges of love. Komo wai 'e 'ia, foreign liquid has entered [of a child conceived by other than the married husband]. Wai ihola ke koko, the blood flowed. Wai o ka lehua, lehua flower honey. Wai lukini, perfume. Ho'okahi wai 'o ka like, the sameness of a single d y e [unity], E wai kahi ka pono i manalo, better sweeten with a single color [unity to find serenity]. Ua hewa i ka wai, an error as to water [great quantities]. Ho'olana i ka wai ke ola, life floats on water [near death], Pa'ihi 'oe la, lilo i ka wai, 'a'ohe 'ike iho i ka hoa mua, welladorned are you, carried to water [wealth], not knowing former friends. (Probably P P N vai, P M P wayeR.) 2. (Cap.) Place names beginning with Wai-, river, stream. Na Wai'eha, tne four waters, a poetic name for Wai-luku, Wai-ehu, Wai-he'e and Wai-kapu, Maui. 3. Grain of stone. 4. Short for waiho. Obs. Hale wai, prison. 5. Who, whom, whose, what (in questions only and referring to persons). 'Owai? Who? 'Owai kou inoa? What is your name? 'Owai ia? Who is he? (angrily) W h o does he think he is? Ko wai, ka wai? Whose? No wai? For or in honor of whom? Na wai? l i y wjiom? Ko wai ka'a kela? Whose car is that? Ia wai 'oe i kama'ilio ai? T o whom did you speak? Na wai no i 'olelo ia 'oe e hele malaila? Who told you to go there? ( P P N hai, P M P [s]a[j/]t.) w a ' i . Same as wahi, to break, end. Kauai. La-wa'i (place name), day to end [fishing taboo], w a l a . 1. Disgraced; shame, dishonor; name of a legendary son of Ha-loa (he was irreligious and wicked and a pestilence killed all the people during his reign except twenty-six; M a l o 244245). Waia noho'i ka inoa o ka 'ohana, the name of the family is disgraced, h o ' o w a i a . T o disgrace, bring to shame. Trans. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a star. wft l ' a . Season in which fish are numerous, w a l ' a ' a . Same as wai 'a'apu. wal ' a ' a p u . R a r e variant of wai 'apo. w a l a h u . Same as waiehu. w a l a h u . Pool of water. w a l a k a . Water showing a reflection; name of a Nu'u-anu pool, w a l - a - k e a . Same as lehua-ke'oke'o, a taro. w a l ' a k l k a . Acid. w a i a k u a . Distant, aloof, unsociable, as of a chief too high to mingle with others. Lit., godly blood. wal ' a l a . Perfume, cologne. Lit., fragrant liquid. W a i - ' a l e ' a l e . N a m e of the highest mountain on Kauai. w a l ' a l e ' a l e . Rippling water, w a l - a n l a n l . A variety of Molokai sweet potato, w a l a n l a n i . Crystal-clear water, artesian water, w a l a n u h e a . Same as anuhea. Pi-waianuhea, sweet pea. Waianuhea ke 'ala o ka 'awapuhi, the cool fragrance of ginger, h o ' o w a l a n u n e a . T o cool, make fragrant and cool. Na ka Ma'a'a i ho'owaianuhea a 'olu wale, cooled by the M a 'a'a wind so as to be pleasant, w a l a n u h e a . Tepid water, neither hot nor cold, w a l a n u ' u k o l e . N a m e of a soft porous stone, as used in medicine or for squid sinkers. ( M a l o 19.) Obs. w a l ' a p o . W a t e r caught in a taro leaf, often used in ceremonies as it was regarded as pure in not having touched the ground. Fig., a beloved mate. Lit., caught water, w a l a u . Swirling water of a current.

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wai

' a u ' a u

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w a l ' a u ' a u . B a t h water; bathing place or pool. A figurative use follows: he wai 'au'au ia nona (For. 5:19), it was like bath water f o r him [of heroes dodging spears or engaged in fights; the hail of spears is as pleasant, as splashing water], w a l ' a w a . Poisoned or bitter water. Fig., same as poli 'awa. w a l a w l . T h e y e l l o w strawberry guava ( P s i d i u m caitleianum t. lucidum), a small tree, like the waiawl-'ula'ula in many w a y s but bearing larger, yellow fruit. ( N e a l 556.) w a i a w l - ' u l a ' u l a . T h e purple strawberry guava (Psidium caitleianum), a small tree f r o m Brazil, with smooth bark, smooth, shiny, o b o v a t e leaves about t w o inches long. T h e purplish-red fruit is round, about an inch in diameter, and has w h i t e pulp, good t o eat raw or m a d e into j a m or jelly, tasting like strawberries. ( N e a l 556.)

w a i h o n a . Depository, closet, place f o r laying up things in safekeeping; internal organs of the b o d y ; funds, treasury; fiscal. N u m e r o u s types of waihona are listed below. Hale waihona puke, library. Hana waihona kala, fiscal service. Waigeneral fund of the hona nui o ka Teritori, T e r r i t o r y . Waihona o ka na'auao, repository of learning [a learned person], w a i h o n a ' S i n a . Position of the land, lay of the land, position of the earth, waihona ho'omana'o. Memory, w a i h o n a l p u . Place to keep f o o d containers; bases supporting bath basins in Solomon's temple (1 NaT. 7.35). w a i h o n a k&l& i d a l a ) . Treasury, money deposit o r y . Lit., dollar depository. F o r example see kupiliki'i. w a i h o n a kelkl. W o m b .

w a l ea. 1. A e r a t e d water. 2. Small house at the entrance of a heiau temple, where the ceremonial 'aha ( c o r d ) was stretched. ( M a l o 162.) 3. Sea water used f o r purification. Lit., water of life. w a i e h u . A file; f o r m e r l y a rough stone used to grind and polish, w a l e h u . Spraying water. w a l 'ele. 1. Black tapa d y e ; tapa so dyed. 2. T o drug fish with 'auhuhu. w a l ' e l e ' e l e . 1. Black dye. 2. Ink. 3. A darkskinned person, w a l ' e l l . W e l l water, well. Lit., dug water, walhft. W a t e r upon which the breath (ha) of the priest has been expelled in order to impart mana\ to give mana by breathing upon an image or person; to request earnestly in prayer. For example see waipd. w a l h a u . 1. A heiau where hogs, bananas, and coconuts were sacrificed, but not human beings. 2. A small, tight bundle; to do up in such a bundle. Obs. w a l b a u . Ice water. w a l h i . W a t e r oozing as f r o m a precipice. Lit., purging water, w & ' l h l . Short f o r wai lihi. w a l h i l l . W a t e r obtained by shaking the dew or rain drops f r o m the leaves of plants or trees, as was said to h a v e been done in dry areas. Lit., hit water. w a l h o . T o leave, lay down, place before, present, refer, submit, place in nomination, file, deposit; t o desist, cease, stop, quit, resign, abandon, remain; a leaving, depository, etc. Cf. palapala waiho 'oihana, waihona, waiho wale and Gram. 2.3. Waiho make, to be l e f t as though dead; to be f a i n t ; unconscious. Waiho 'ao'ao, t o lie on the side; heeled over, as a ship. '0 ka waiho ha'aha'a 'ana aku, respectfully submitting. Ua pani 'ia ka waiho 'ana a'e i na inoa, the nominations were closed. Waiho akula 'oia i kana pu'upu'u, he laid to with his fists. 'A'ole au e waiho ia 'oe, e 'eha ana 'oe ia'u, I w o n ' t spare you, I will inflict punishment on you. Ka waiho helahela mai o na Ko'olau, the panoramic view of the Ko'olaus. h o ' o w a l h o . T o leave, abandon, ignore, shun; to expose or l e a v e naked. Ua ho'owaiho maila ia i ka poki'i, he shunned the younger brother, w a l h o a . Passive/imperative of waiho. w a l h o ' a ' a l a . T o i l e t water, liquid spice, scented

w a i h o n a k u k u i . Candlestick, l a m p stand. Waihona kukui gula (1 Oihn. 28.15), candlesticks of gold. w a l h o n a - l a k o k a u a . Arsenal, arms depository. Lit., war goods depository, w a i h o n a l a n a h u . Coalbin. w a i h o n a m e a l a ' a . Place f o r sacred objects; treasure ( N e h . 7.70). w a i h o n a m e l l . H o n e y c o m b . (1 Sam. 14.27.) w a i h o n a m o n l . Place f o r keeping money, treasury. Obs. w a i h o n a n o ' o n o ' o . M i n d , mentality, w a i h o n a p a l p u . Cupboard, w a i h o n a p a l a p a l a k a h l k o . Archives. Lit., depository of ancient documents,

waihona puke (buke). Library,

w a i h o n a w a l w a i . Treasury, depository f o r goods, p r o p e r t y ; treasurer. (2 Oihn. 5.1.) w a l h o ' o h e h e ' e . D i g e s t i v e juice, w a l h o Ola. T o spare the life, to remain living, w a t h o ' o l u ' U. D y e , water f o r coloring; color. He aha ka waiho'olu'u o kela pua? W h a t is the color of that flower? w a l h o ' o m a ' e m a ' e . Disinfectant; any kind of cleaning liquid, cleansing liquid, w a l h o w a l e . T o l e a v e without reason; to l e a v e about carelessly; t o set aside as useless; to expose to view. Lumi waiho wale, r o o m left unused. Mai waiho wale i ko puke o lilo i ka 'aihue, d o n ' t just leave your book around or a thief will take it. w a l h f l . Gushing spring, overflowing water, w a l h u a . W a t e r - d r o p caught as in a taro leaf, much liked for purification and medicine, as it has not touched the earth. Also called wai 'apo. w a l h u l k a l a . W a t e r f o r purification, w a l ' I h l . Sacred blood, as of r o y a l t y . Fig., prominent, royal, w a l l k l . A kidney disease that impedes urination. Lit., little water. w a l I n u . Drinking water, potable water, w a l k a h e . Stream ( H a l . 124.4); t o flow, o v e r flow, as a stream. Lit., flowing water. F o r example see mokuhia. Waikahe nui, torrent, w a l kfthl. U n i t e d ; of one dye. See wai, 1. w a i k a h u l l . 1. A calliopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria), an annual ornamental herb, in the daisy f a m i l y , f r o m central United States, the ray flowers yellow with dark-red at the base. ( N e a l 740.) Lit., change [of] color. 2. See aloalo, hibiscus. 3. See melekule-wai-kahuli. w a l k a l . Brackish water, salty water, walk&ia ( d a l a ) . Quicksilver; silver; silvercolored. Lit., silver liquid, w a l k a u a . 1. A war temple. 2. Same as waiwai kaua. w a l k e a . Juice of fresh kukui nuts, as mixed w i t h fresh or brackish water and used as an enema. Lit., white liquid.

extract. Lit., liquid that perfumes, w a i h o a k a a k a , w a l h o k f t k a . T o lie in f u l l v i e w ; easily seen, obvious, w a l h o ' & n o . H o l y water, w a l h o k & h e l a . T o lie widespread before one. w a l h o k S k a . Same as waiho akaaka. w a l h o l o a . T o abandon completely, g i v e up. w a l h o l o m o k u . Flood. Ua kahe noho'i ka waiholomoku ( H a l . 124.5), the waters h a v e gone over. w a l h o m a ' i . T o lie sick, t o remain sick.

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walkekfi. Same as wekeke, whisky, wal ke'oke'o. Leucorrhea. Lit., white liquid, walkf. 1. Gun. Obs. 2. Enema of a concoction consisting of the juice of the poisonous gourd, water, salt, and other matter, drastic and painful Cf. the more mild waikea. 3. Gonorrhea, of males; painful urination, perhaps due to cystitis. Obs. Koko waiki, blood discharge in urine. 4. One whose father was a chief but whose mother was not, a term of contempt. Obs. Cf. 'ahunali'i. wal kl. Water in which tea has been brewed. Wal-klkl. Place name used as a direction marker in Honolulu. Lit., spouting water. Ma ka 'ao'ao Wai-kiki. on the Waikiki side, wal kO. 1. Water with a strong current. 2. Sugary water, walkft'lhl. Waterspout. Cf. more common waipu'ilani. wal kula (gula). Gold-colored. walkQlono'ako'ako'a. An old name for syphilis. Obs. walkfioa. Dart, as for war. Obs. wal la'au. 1. Sap of plants. 2. Liquid medicine, wallana. 1. Calm, quiet, as the sea; still water. 2. Banished, as for unworthy conduct. 3. A prayer uttered to free a taboo period, wal lanl. Rain water, especially as used for medicine and purification. Cf. wai hua. wallau. Very large leaf bundles of food, as poi, for carrying, wal laulau. Water carried in folded taro leaves. Wallela. Name of a morning star, wallele. Waterfall, cataract. Lit., leaping water, wal leml. Lemon juice, lemonade, limeade, wallena. Bile. Lit., yellow water, wallewa. Coconut water. Lit., hanging water. walU'lll'l. A decorated tapa. Lit., small colors, walll'u. Same as waili'ula. Aloha i ka waili'u o ka 'aina ( P H 116), greeting to the mirage of the land. waili'ula. 1. Mirage. 2. Of changing color, as taffeta or a stone; taffeta. Wai-loa. Name of a star near the Pleiades, said to be a member of the group called Kaulua. It is also said to be a name of an ancient chief. Lit., long stream. wallua. 1. Spirit, ghost; remains of the dead. Ho'iho'i 'ia aku kona kino wailua a ho'omoe Ha maloko o ka pa ilina, his remains were taken and laid away in the cemetery. 2. An ancient variety of sweet potato, presumably introduced from Wailua, Kauai, walluku. 1. Name reported for an ulua fishing line. 2. Same as haleloke, a chrysanthemum, walm&hoehoe. To strip the flesh from bones, as for burial, walmaka. Tears. Lit., eye water. For example see pania. walmaka lehua. Waterdrops from the 'ohi'alehua tree; euphemism for menstruation. Also called waimaka o lehua. w a l m a k a - n u l . 1. An endemic fern (Dryopteris keraudreniana), with large, broad, pale, subdivided fronds, the last divisions triangular or oblong, the spores arranged in small dots scattered on the frond back. Also called ala'alai. 2. A native fern (Pteris ezcelsa), with large, broad, bright-green, subdivided fronds, in general like waimaka-nui. 1, but the last divisions longer and subfalcate, and the spores arranged in a line under the curled frond margin, walmaka o Pele. Pele's tears, walmano. 1. Stone from which octopus sinkers were made. (Malo 19.) 2. Adobe. ( A P . ) W a l - m e a . 1. A place name, reddish water. 2. (Not cap.) Maui name for olomea, a shrub. 3. (Not cap.) Kauai name for a kind of mamaki.

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having leaves with red veins and stems resembling those of the olomea. wal mell. Honey. Lit., bee liquor, wal mlmi. Urine. (2 Nal. 18.27.) wal momona. Soda water, sweet water, wal-mtlhea. Same as Kaupd, a native banana, walna. 1. Place with water. 2. Pyorrhea, bleeding gums. 3. Wine. Eng. 4. The Isabella grape (Vitis labruscana), a strong-climbing vine, bearing blue, loose-skinned fruits. This is a hybrid that succeeds best of any grape introduced to Hawaii, but little interest is shown in the grape industry here. (Neal 476.) W a l - n a k u . Name of a star, sometimes called the patron star of Hilo. Lit., pushing water, walna malo'o. Raisins. Lit., dry grapes, wal nlu. Coconut water. Cf. wai o ka niu, coconut cream. walnohla. 1. Safe, safety. (AP.) a. A gift of affection. Obs. wal nul. A large flow of water; excessive flow of saliva; to flow in great quantities, waloha. Same as ohaoha, joy. wal-'Ohl'a. A variety of sugar cane, wal 'Ohl'a. Juice or cider of mountain apples; cider in general; tomato juice, walohinu. All kinds of cultivated dahlias (Dahlia spp.) named for a town on Hawaii where the plant was first grown. Pika waiohinu, vase or pitcher of dahlias [name of an old quilt design showing a pitcher containing dahlias), waloklla. See papale waiokila. waloleka. Fragrant cultivated violets (as Viola odorata). Eng. See nani-WaVale'ale «.native violets). walollna. Violin. Eng. For example see ne. walolono. Careful, cautious about what one says. Obs. wal'olu. Cool, pleasant, attractive, soft, gentle, pleasing. Kou piko wai'olu (song), your ploasant private parts, wal 'ona. Intoxicating liquor. Jio'ole wai 'ona, prohibition of intoxicants. Wal-'ODua. 1. Name of a pleasant breeze. Lit., water of cloud banks. 2. (Not cap.) A disease similar to pulmonary consumption. 3. (noI cap.) Leucorrhea. wal'oOpe. Mirage. Lit., deceiving water, walpft. Request, prayer, as to the gods. Pela ka'u waiha me ka'u waipa aku ia oe, e keakua, such is my request and prayer to you, O god. walpa'a. Ice. (Ioba 6.16.) Lit., hard, solid water, wal pa'akal. Salty water, brine, waipahe. Courteous, gentlemanly, polite, agreeable, complacent. This word is usually used in a favorable sense, but occasionally pejoratively. he wahine waipahe wale ma na mea ano ino, a woman complacent indeed in the ways of sin. walpahO. Gunpowder. Lit., explosive liquid, wal pa'lpa'l. Mixed liquid or drink of any kind, wal-palupalu. 1. A kind of tapa. Lit., soft dye. 2. Name recorded for a variety of sweet potato. Wal-pao. Cool breeze famous at Wai-mea, Kauai. Lit., scooped water. walpehC. Variant of waipahe. wal pl'l. Rising water, overflow of water, flood (Ier. 46.7); to flow, overflow, wal pl'lpl'l. Redup. of wai pi'i\ charged water; bubbling water, wal plula. Water from a faucet. walpD. Gunpowder. Obs. wal pua. Honey of flowers. wal puhla. Wind-blown water especially of a waterfall; name of the "upside-down waterfall in Nu'u-anu Valley, walpu'llanl. Waterspout (perhaps from wai puhi lani, heaven-blown water). I ka halulu mau ana

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wai

(Hal. 42.7), at the noise of o kou waipu'ilani thy waterspouts, w a l p u n a . Spring water. Fig., a sweetheart (rare). w a l p O ' o l o . Water in leaves, as of taro, t h a t could be carried; coconut water. Lit., bundled water. w a l p t t ' o l o i k a l a u l a ' a u . An ancient name for ice. Lit., water in a package of tree leaves, so called because ice was said to be brought down from t h e mountains in leaves. (Malo 241-242.) w a l a . Milk; a wet nurse; breast. Lit., breast liquid. Kau ka waiu, breasts filled with milk. Ho'okau i ka waiu, to perform ceremonies to make the breasts fill with milk. Lele ka waiu, breast milk has ceased to flow. Ho'olele i ka waiu, to perform ceremonies to make t h e breast cease flowing. He 'aina e kahe ana ka waiu a me ka meli (Nah. 14.8), a land which flows with milk and honey, w a l u a . Rain water. walO h a k l . A breast t h a t sags, but not long or pendulous. Lit., broken breast, w a l o h a k u h a k u . Clabbered milk, cottage cheese. Lit., lumpy milk. walQ h e ' e h e ' e . Caked breast. walO h o ' o h u i h u l . Milk combined with other ingredients, as for a baby or person on a liquid diet; formula. Lit., mixed milk. walO k a h e . Flowing breast or milk, w a i a k a u . Breast filled with milk. walO k i a . Condensed milk. Lit., deer milk, so called because t h e first cans of condensed milk had a picture of deer oil the label, w a l a k l n i . Canned milk. w a l f l k o ' a . A breast t h a t has milk from the beginning of pregnancy to long after weaning, w a l ' u l a . Ked liquid, blood, menstrual flow. wai'QIlll. To fix firmly. Cf. 'ulili, S. 'O keia mau mea auane'i apau a'u e 'olelo aku nei ia 'oe la, e wai'ulili a'e 'oe a pa'a i loko o kou na'au, all these things I will tell you, you should fix them firmly in your mind, w a l a l u l i l u l l . Milk shake. w a l t t p a ' a . Cheese. (1 Sam. 17. IS.) Lit.., solidified milk. w a l a p a ' i p a ' t . Diluted milk.

waiOpaka, waiu b a t a . Butter.

w a l O p a k a p a ' a . Cheese. Lit., solidified butter. walO p u ' u . Budding breast, as of a young girl, w a l w a l . Goods, property; value, worth; estate; rich, costly; financial. Ilo'oponopono waiwai, administrator of property or of an estate. Waiwai loa'a ma ke kolohe, ill-gotten gains. Komike waiwai, financial committee, h o ' o w a l w a l . To enrich, bring prosperity, w a l w a l h a p a ' u m l . Tithe, tithing. Lit., onet e n t h property, w a l w a l h o ' o l l l n a . Inherited property, w a l w a l h o ' o p a ' a . Security. Lit., solid property, w a l w a l h o ' o p u k a . Profits, w a l w a l h u l . Assets. Lit., combined wealth, w a l w a l l n o a . Par value, as of stocks. Lit., name value. w a i w a i ' I ' o . T r u e worth, as of heirlooms; market value, as of stocks, w a l w a l k a u a . War goods, spoils, w a l w a l k a u l l k e . Par value, just value, w a l w a l l e w a . Movable or personal property; liquid assets; chattel. Moraki waiwai lewa, chattel mortgage, w a l w a l m a l o k o . Tribute or wealth from the uplands. w a l w a l p a ' a . Real estate, property t h a t cannot be moved. w a l w a l p l o . Booty, plunder, spoils (Puk. 15.9). w a l w e l a w e l a . W a r m spring, hot spring.

p u n a

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w a k a . 1. Sharp, protruding. 2. Same as 'owaka, to flash. w a k a m a l i ' l . Childhood. Also called wa li'ili'i. Ko'u wa kamali'i, my childhood, w a k a w a k a . l . Redup. of waka, l; serrated, sharp, as a rake's prongs or t h e spikes of a sea urchin; hilly. Puhi niho wakawaka, sharptoothed eel [a mighty warrior], Hamakua i ka wakawaka, H a m a k u a with t h e sharp hills. 2. Redup. of waka, i. w a k e a , A k e a . T h e progenitor of chiefs and priests, who married P a p a and later their daughter, Ho'ohoku-kalani, f r o m whom was born the nt'aupi'o chief, Ha-loa. (Kep. 61-67.) w a k l . Var. spelling of uwaki, watch, w a k l k a n a , v a t l k a n a . Vatican. Eng. W a k l n e k o n a , W a s l n e t o n a . Washington. Eng. w a l a . To tilt, lift backwards, fall backwards; to throw backwards, as with a backhand flip. Wala ki'aha, to tip t h e glass in drinking, tipple. Ua wala 'ia mai au i ka pahi, a knife was thrown at me. w a l a ' a u . To talk, speak; formerly, to talk loudly, shout. Hoa wala'au, person to speak with. Wala'au ka waha, to speak too much. Kumepala u-ala'au (1 Kor. 13.1), tinkling cymbal, h o ' o w a l a ' a u . To cause talk, start talk or conversation, w a l a t i e ' e . Same as alahe'e, a shrub, w a l a h e ' e - h a o l e . Same as alahe'e-haole. w a l a k l k c . To toss, hurl back and forth, as spears in battle, w a l a k u a . To fall over backward, to throw or stab at tins back; to rear, as a horse, w a l a n i a . Anguish, burning pain, woe, torment; anguishing. Walania ke ki'i 'onohi, smarting eyeballs. Na 'eha walania o ka make mau loa, the agonizing pain of eternal death, h o ' o w a l a n l a . To cause pain, wound, w a l a n u k a , w a l a n u t a . Walnut. Eng. w a l a w a l a . Redup. of wala; to tilt, as a canoe ia waves. Walawala pahu, to fall backwards and land with a thud. Ka ua walawala, rain hurled, as by wind, w a l a w a l a ' a u . Redup. of wala'au. Rare. w a l a w a l a k l . To fall back; to plummet to the ground. w a l a w a l a n i a . Redup. of walania. w a l e . 1. Slime, mucus, phlegm; sticky sap, as from cuts in tree ferns and mamaki wood t h a t is mixed with bark in making tapa. Cf. waha wale. 2. A common particle t h a t always follows modified words and has many meanings, as; only, just; very: alone; without pay, payment, reward, cause, reason; easily; gratuitous, free, casual. See hele wale, hikiwale, mea wale (mea, 4), wale no. 'Ai wale, to eat without pay or reason; to eat alone. Hana wale, to do or act without justification, cause, reward. Ho'i wale, to go back empty-handed. Huhu wale, quicktempered, angry without cause. Loa'a wale, easily obtained. Maika'i wale 'o Kaua'i (song), how beautiful is Kauai. WSle. Wales, Welshman; Welsh. Eng. Ke keiki ali'i o Wale, t h e Prince of Wales, w a l e a . 1. Same as nanea. E walea, nanea ana paha i ka leo nahenahe o na manu (song), relaxing a t ease with t h e gentle voices of t h e birds, h o ' o w a l e a . Causative/simulative. For example see peue. 2. Accustomed; so familiar that one does a thing without effort, as a dance; to do well and effortlessly, as an acquired skill. Ua hana a walea, done until automatic. Ua walea i ka pena ki'i, an experienced and perfect painter. w a l e ' a . Same as wele'a, a fish, w a l e h a u . Sap in hau tree blossoms, chewed and swallowed to relieve constipation, and given to women before labor; slimy liquid obtained by immersing hau bark in water, drunk as a laxative. h o ' o w a l e h a u . Unreliable, fickle, unstable; slippery and amusing, as in speech.

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w a l e k e a . White mucus, as in t h e eyes, w a l e l u k a , w a l e r u s a . Walrus. Eng. Also wolu. w a l e n i a . Variant of walania. w a l e n o . Only, just; all. 'Elua wale no, only two. lie po'e wahine wale no, t h e y were only women; t h e y were all women, w a l e w a h a . To know a thing so well t h a t it can be spoken w i t h o u t t h o u g h t ; letter-perfect; to know as a_ mother tongue. Ua lilo ia i mea walewaha iaia, this has become k n o w n to him letter-perfect, w a l e w a l . Slimy with saliva. Fig., to talk too much. w a l e w a l e . 1. R e d u p . of wale, 1. 2. Deceived. Rare, h o ' o w a l e w a l e . To t e m p t , decoy, lead a s t r a y ; t e m p t e r ; t e m p t a t i o n . Ho'owalewale i na naheka, to c h a r m snakes, w a l e w a l e k e l k l . Discharge following childbirth, w a l e w a l e n a . Slimy discharge, w a l l . Smooth, thin, as poi; fine, mashed, soft, powdery; supple, limber, as a dancer's body, h o ' o w a l l . To make soft, smooth, as soil; to mix, as poi or dough; to digest. 'Uala ho'owali 'ia, mashed sweet potatoes. Na lio ka'inapu ho'owali lua (chant), graceful, doubly supple horse«. Na mea ho'owali 0 loko, digestive organs. 'Ulei ho'owali 'uala, digging stick of 'ulei wood t h a t softens [the e a r t h for] sweet potatoes [sexual reference], « 3 I l ' l l l ' l . See wa kamali'i. w a l l n a . Softness. Cf. wall. w a l l w a l l . R e d u p . of wali; gentle, easygoing, good-natured. Cf. nawaliwali. He waliwali kana 'olelo, ho speaks gently, softly. Aloha no au i kou maka, kou ihu waliwali ka'u i honi (song), I love your eyes, your soft nose 1 kiss, w a l o . Same as uwalo, to call, resound. Kar.i ka pro, walo i ke kula, t h e whistle sounds, carries across t h e plain, w a l o h l a . Passive/imperative of walo: pathos, touching, pathetic. Mo'olelo piha walohia, tale full of pathos, w a l o l n a . Same as walo, to call, w a l o w a l o . R e d u p . of walo. w a l u . 1. To claw, scratch, rub, grate, rasp. Also 'uwalu. 2. Oiliish (Ruvettus pretiosus), c a u g h t in deep water; large, much prized for eating and used as a cathartic. 3. Eight, eighth. Hapa walu, one eighth. Kanawalu, eighty. ( P P N valu, P M P walu.) - w a l u . M a n y . Cf. kuwaluwalu, makawalu, olowalu, puwalu. (Eight being a sacred n u m b e r m a y h a v e led to this extension of t h e meaning.) w & l u a . 1. To carry on a pole 011 t h e shoulders, of two. 2. Middle, interior. (Mele 3.10.) w a l u h t a . 1. Passive/imperative of walu. 2. N a m e of a bird (no d a t a ) , w a l u n a . Clawing, scratching. Cf. walu. w a l u n a . Prophecy. (AP.) w a l u w a l u . R e d u p . of walu, 1. w a n a . 1. A sea urchin, as Cenlrechinus paucispinus or Echinothrix diadema. (Ed. 87, 89.) 2. Sharp-pointed, as sea-urchin spines; jagged, s h a r p ; spike. 3. A long spike or r a y of light, as a t d a w n ; to appear, as a ray of light. Cf. wana'ao. Wana kau lani, a streak in t h e heavens, as of light or cloud, w a n a ' a o . D a w n ; to dawn, w a n a h l n a . Streak of gray, as in hair, w a n a - k a u l l a . A wana with d a r k spikes. Lit., kauila-wood wana. w & n a n a . P r o p h e c y ; to prophesy, predict. Kawanana-koa (name), the brave prophecy. Wanana i ke au 0 ka manawa, weather forecast. w a n a A ' a . Projecting in every direction, as t h e spines of a sea urchin; sharp-edged and projecting; to radiate, w a n a w a n a . R e d u p . of wana, 2-, spiny, t h o r n y , as cactus. He wana ka i'a, wanawana ka lani,

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sea urchin the sea creature, thorny t h e heavens [a fierce battle], w a n l k l . Varnish. Eng. w a n t l a . Vanilla. Eng. w & n l n i . Same as anini, a tree or shrub, w a o . A general t e r m for inland region, usually not precipitous and o f t e n uninhabited. For examples see puahia and below, w a o a k u a . A d i s t a n t m o u n t a i n region, believed inhabited only by spirits (akua); wilderness, desert. For example see pua, i. Wao akua nui 0 Sahara, great S a h a r a desert, w a o ' e l w a . An inland region, w a o h u a . To plot to t r a p . Obs. w a o k a n a k a . An inland region where people m a y live or occasionally frequent, usually considered below t h e wao akua. w a o k e l e . A rain belt. Ka 'uhane i ka wao kele (For. 5;245), t h e soul in t h e rainy depths, w a o k o a . Inland region where koa trees grow, w a o l a ' a u . Same as wao nahele. w a o l a n i . M o u n t a i n area believed occupied by gods. w a o l l p o . Inland region, said by K a m a k a u to be between t h e wao'eiwa and t h e wao nahele. hit., d a r k wao. w a o m a ' u k e l e . Same as wao kele. w a o n a h e l e . I n l a n d forest region, w a ' 6 p l o . Y o u t h (time of). w & p l n e , v a b l n e . T h e lemon verbena ( L i p p i a cilriodora), a South American shrub, with rough, lemon-scented, narrow leaves, and small white or lavender flowers in spikes. Formerly t h e p l a n t was a f a v o r i t e in Hawaiian gardens, was used in leis, a n d was mentioned in poetry. (Neal 637.) w a u , a u . I (often preceded by ~o). w a ' U . To grate, scrape, claw, wear away by friction; grater, scraper, as of cowry or other shell. Also uwa'u. w& u a . Rainy season. w a u ' a h a . P r a y e r for deliverance or t h a n k s giving. w a u ' l . Youth, t i m e of physical perfection, w a u k e . T h e paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), a small tree or shrub, f r o m eastern Asia, k n o w n t h r o u g h o u t t h e Pacific for its usefulness. I t belongs t o t h e fig or mulberry family. T h e bark was m a d e into tough t a p a used for clothing, bed clothes; it lasted longer t h a n mamaki t a p a . (Neal 257.) w a u k e - m a i o l o . A wauke t h a t was used medicinally, perhaps as a s u b s t i t u t e for t h e malolo (flying fish) o f t e n used in sacrifices, w a ' u n l u . Coconut g r a t e r ; to grate coconut, w a ' u ' u k u . Childhood. Lit., small time. For exa m p l e see hiwahiwa. w a u w a u , w a u a u . To travel off t h e p a t h or crookedly. Obs. w a ' u w a ' u . R e d u p . of wa'u. Pohaku wa'uwa'u 'Hi, stone t h a t claws t h e skin [name of a stone offshore a t W a i - k a p u n a , K a ' u ; formerly persons would entice a would-be lover to this stone and scratch his or her skin as an indication of sexual possession]. w a w a . Redup. of wa, 3; t u m u l t u o u s ; sound of d i s t a n t voices, r o a r ; rumored, talked a b o u t . Ua wawa 'ia e kaua ana na aupuni 'elua, it is r u m o r e d t h a t t h e two governments a r e going t o battle. Ahu wawa ka nahele, a mass of sound in t h e forest [rumor, gossip], Ka wawa lapuwale (1 T i m . 6.20), p r o f a n e babblings, w a w a e . 1. Leg, f o o t ^ f o o t of a rainbow; trousers (06s.); afoot. Lole wawae, trousers. Wawae olona (Puk. 28.42), linen breeches. Kinipopo peku wawae, football. Pohaku 'ai wawae o Malama, feet-eating rocks of M a l a m a [of s h a r p aa lava]. Pua'a wawae loloa, long-legged pig [human sacrifice]. 2. H u l a step (general n a m e ) .

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w a w a e

wftwae h u k l . Cramps in the foot or leg. w a w a e - ' l o l e . l . A cosmopolitan tropical club moss (Lycopodium cernuum), a far-creej>ing mosslike plant, growing one to five feet high. Its stems and many branches are covered with short, narrow-pointed leaves, and are made into Christmas wreaths. Nine other species of club mosses also bear this name. (Neal 7.) Also called huluhulu-a-'iole and hulu-'iole. 2. Same as 'a'ala'ula, a seaweed, w&wae k l ' l . Same as ki'i, 3, and wawae, 2, a hula step. wawaele. Redup. of waele. Nana i wawaele i ke ala, mahope aku kakou, he cleared the way, we came later [respect is due an older sibling], w a w a h a . Redup. of waha\ to storm, rave, rant, wawahi. Redup. of wahi\ to tear down, break into, demolish; to break, as a twenty-dollar bill ; to causedisorder. Cf. pOhaku wawahi wa'a. Mikini wawahi pohaku, rook crusher. Wawahi i ka hua, to break the egg. Wawahi pu'upa'a, to ravish a virgin. Wawahi pa hula, to disturb a hula show by presenting a rival show. Wawahi i ka manawa, to keep open an infant's fontanel by applying crushed popolo berries; it was believed that an infant might be fed through the fontanel. wftw&hla. Passive/imperative of wawahi. Ua wawahia, ua nahaha, ua hehelele'i ka papa (chant), split, shattered, crumbled foundation, wawahi h a l e . Burglary, housebreaking; to break and enter, wftwahl panakG. To break the bank, as in chee-fah or other games, w&w&ht-wa'a. 1. Borer that bores into canoe hulls, a teredo. Lit., canoe breaker. 2. Same as kaupau, a seaweed, wawal. Watered well, watery, wawaka. Same as wakawaka, flashing, w a w a l a n l a . Same as walawalania, pain, wawall. Same as waliwali, smooth, wawalo. Redup. of walo. Koha ka leo o ka wai kini, ua la'i ea, ka wawalo i ka 'ohu noe i na mauna ea (song), the roaring voice of the many waters is calm, tra-la, the roaring in the misty clouds in the mountains, tra-la. w a w a l u . Redup. of walu, 1, to scratch, w a w a n a . Redup. of wana, 2, sharp. W a w a u . See Liolio-i-Wawau, a star, wawau. Name recorded as an insulting term similar to dumb brute. Obs. w a w a ' u . Redup. of wa'u. Fig., ill-natured, quarrelsome, wawe. Quickly; fast. Hikiwawe, quickly or easily done. w&wena. Heat; hot. Obs. Nui ka wawena o keia la, this sun is very hot. we. 1. T o sift. Obs. 3. The letter " w . " w e ' a . 1. Same as we'awe'a, 1. Kau e we'a mai nei ia'u, what you tempt me to. 2. A red dye; to print or color red. w e ' a w e ' a . X. T o help, abet, or tempt, especially in love affairs; accomplice; one who aids or incites but does not share; procurer, pimp; to procure. 'O wai ka we'awe'a o keia mea? Who is the accomplice in this affair? 2. Same as 'awe'awe'a, trace, streak, spot, w e h e . 1. To open, untie, undo, loosen; to take off, as clothes; to unfix, as a bayonet; to tip, as a hat; to solve, as a problem; to cleanse of defilement, forgive. For example see 'Iao. Wehe 'aha mele, to hold a concert. Wehe pau ka papale, the hat is removed [the person has left], h o ' o wehe. To cause to open, undo, etc. 2 . To go away. Ua wehe ke akule i ka hohonu, the akule [fish] has fled to the depths [won't be caught], Wehe pau i ka papale (slang), to take off, hat and all. w e h e a . Passive/imperative of wehe. wehe ' a n a . Same as wehena. Ka wehe 'ana i ka naneha'i, the solution of the problem.

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h u k i

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wehe h a l a . To remove a personal transgression by prayer, with or without offering; remission of sins; name for sugar cane used in such ceremonies. w e h e n a . 1. Opening, unfastening, taking off; solution, as of a problem. Wehena 'ole, closely related, as of blood kin. Pili wehena 'ole, inseparable association, close relationship. Ka wehena o ke ao, the opening up of light [daybreak]. 2. Difference (with 'a'ohe). 'A'ohe wehena iki aku 'o ke ali'i ia 'oe, there is no difference between you and the chief, w e h e w e h e . 1. To explain. Cf. puke wehewehe 'dlelo. Wehewehe 'ana, explanation, definition. 3. Redup. of wehe \ to unsaddle or unharness, as a horse; to pull growing taro stalks slightly apart so as to strengthen the corm. 3. (Cap.) Name of a star (no data), wehewehe ' a n o . Analysis, wehewehe h a l a . Redup. of wehe hala. w e h l . 1. Decoration, adornment; to decorate, h o ' o w e h l . To beautify, decorate, adorn. 3. A song composed as an adornment, a song honoring someone. Ha'ina kou wehi, sing the adornment, your song. 3. Dark. Ka'u malo 'eka, kua wehi, Ka'u of dirty malo and black back [due to working in the sun], wehlwa. 1. A variety of taro. Also wewehiwa. 2 . Dark. Hakuko'i uli ka lani. 'ononinoni ke ao, wehiwa hapokopoko ka 'dpua (name song for Queen Emma), agitated dark the heavens, disturbed the clouds, short dark cloud patches. 3. Choice, prized; a choice object. 4. A variety of sweet potato. S. A secret language consisting of substitution of special words, in southern Hawaii. Cf. kake. wehiwehl. Redup. of wehi. Cf. uluwehiwehi. weka. 1. Ink discharged by squid or octopus. 2. Dark organs of an 'opihi, a limpet. 3. Jirst dark excreta of an infant, meconium. 4. Mucus in the eyes. Also called piheka. 6. Also w e t a . Weight. Eng. Teroe Weta, Troy Weight, wekaweka. 1. Same as weka, I k- 2. A foul stomach. 3. Hard-hearted; stingy, weke. 1. Crack, narrow opening; to open a crack, as a door; to separate, loosen, free. 2. Certain species of the Mullidae, surmullets or goatfish. All weke have large scales and are usually found in reefs, sometimes in deep water. Both red and light-colored weke were popular as offering to the gods; the meaning of weke, to open, gave this fish sorcery value. For the connection of weke with nightmares, see pahulu, 1. Unidentified varieties of weke are qualified by the terms koa'e, la'B, moelua. See also weke-'a or wekeke'oke'o, weke-ahulu or weke-pahulu or weke pueo, weke-nono, weke-'ula. 3. Rare variant of waka, to flame, flash, wekea. 1. Passive/imperative of weke, 1. Rare. 2. Midday; zenith. Obs. weke-'ft, w e k e - ' a ' a . A fish (Mulloidichthys samoenis). Lit., staring weke. w e k e - a h u l u . Same as weke-pahulu. w e k e k c . Whisky. Eng. w e k e - k e ' o k e ' o . Same as weke-'a. Lit., white weke. w e k e n a n S , w e s e n a n a . To make merry (a sailors' expression), w e k e - n o n o . Name given for a red weke identified as Upeneus. Lit., red weke. w e k e - p a h u l u . A weke (Upeneoides arge) named for a god on Lanai. Lit., nightmare weke. Also called weke-ahulu and weke-pueo. See pahulu, 1. w e k e - p u e o . A weke, probably the same as wekepahulu. Lit., owl weke, probably so called because of similarity of stripes on the tail and the bars of the Hawaiian owl's feathers, w e k e - ' u l a . A species of weke (Mulloidichthys auriflamma). T h e color effect of a school of weke-'ula is not red but yellow. They show themselves red when taken out of the water. Lit., red.

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— weweli wekeweke. 1.

R e d u p . of weke, 1, t o o p e n , a s a c r a c k . 2 . R e d u p . of weke, 3, t o flame, wekewekea. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of wekeweke, l; pried open, loosened. w(kiu. T i p , t o p , t o p m o s t , s u m m i t : of t h e h i g h e s t r a n k o r s t a t i o n . Kawekiu-lani, the royal height [a n a m e of P r i n c e s s K a ' i u - l a n i ] . weko. S a m e a s uweko, b a d - s m e l l i n g , wekoweko. R e d u p of weko. wela. 1. H o t , b u r n e d ; h e a t , t e m p e r a t u r e . Fig., l u s t , p a s s i o n ; t o feel p a s s i o n . Ua wela kekahi i kekahi ( K e p . 97), o n e l u s t e d f o r a n o t h e r . Wela ka haol T h e i r o n is h o t [now is t h e t i m e f o r f u n ! W h o o p e e ! H u r r a y ! ] ! Wela ka hao i na kaikamahine home lulal H u r r a y f o r t h e h o m e r u l e girls! h o ' o w e l a . T o h e a t , b u r n , a r o u s e p a s s i o n . 2 . S a m e as puhi-wela. w e l a u . Tip, top, e x t r e m i t y , end, pole (not n e c e s s a r i l y h i g h or l o f t y , a s wikiu); extremes, a s i n f r a c t i o n s . Also called 'elau. Welau o ka make, p o i n t of d e a t h . Mai ke kumu a ka welau, f r o m base to tip. W C l a u - ' i k a u . N o r t h Pole, welau alelo. T o n g u e t i p . W C l a u - t a e m a . South Pole. welawela. R e d u p . of wela, 1. Cf. makawelawela. wele. 1. S a m e as waele. Wele i luna ka mala la7ii a ka ua, ke pulu 'ino i ka hio a ka makani ( c h a n t ) , t h e h e a v e n ' s r a i n g a r d e n is c l e a r e d a b o v e , t h e r o t t e n m u l c h b y t h e s l a n t i n g b l o w i n g of t h e w i n d 2 . S u s p e n d e d , h a n g i n g : fine, t h i n , a s t h r e a d . Cf. nawele, punawelewele. w e l e ' f t . A lizard fish ( T r a c h i n o c e p h a l u s myops). welehia. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of wele, 1, 2. w e l e h u . 1. A d e e p s e a flsh r e s e m b l i n g t h e hauliuli 2 . (Cap.) A n c i e n t H a w a i i a n m o n t h , c o r r e s p o n d i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y t o N o v e m b e r . Kau ke po'o i ka uluna, 'o Welehu ka malama, rest t h e h e a d on t h e pillow. W e l e h u is t h e m o n t h [a s t o r m y m o n t h a n d l i t t l e c o u l d b e d o n e e x c e p t s t a y a t h o m e a n d s l e e p ; s a i d of o n e w h o m a y r e s t s i n c c his w o r k is done), welelau. S a m e as u-elau-, t o t o u c h t h e t i p , as of a s p e a r ( F o r . 5:21). welenla. S a m e as walania. weleweka. 1. V e l v e t . Eng. Moena weleweka, c a r p e t . 2 . T h e coleus (Coleus blumei), a n orn a m e n t a l perennial herb or small shrub, f r o m J a v a . T h e leaves are ovate, toothed, variegated w i t h r e d , yellow, g r e e n , p u r p l e . S m a l l b l u e flowers a r e b o r n e i n spikes. ( N e a l 647.) welewele. R e d u p . of wele, 1. Mai ka uluulu a ka welewele ( K L line 585), f r o m t h e t a n g l e a n d t h e clearing, w e l e w e l e I w l . T o s t r i p t h e b o n e s of flesh, a s f o r b u r i a l . Fig., t o c r i t i c i z e or s l a n d e r o n e ' s k i n .

w e l e w e l e l a u . Very end of the tip.

well. 1. well,

F e a r , t e r r o r ; f e a r f u l , a f r a i d . Kau ka f u l l of f e a r . Ua kau ko'u weli i ka lua'i

SO'owell.

ele' I w a s filled w i t h f e a r of t h e l a v a e r u p t i o n .

To frighten, terrify, arouse fear. 2. A h o l o t h u r i a n . ( K L line 19; E d . 102.) 3 . Scion, s h o o t , as f r o m a r o o t ; s p r e a d i n g r o o t . 4 . P h o s p h o r e s c e n t light on water, believed caused by a g h o s t t h a t w a s i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h fishing. F o r e x a m p l e see ku, 5. 5 . S a m e a s welina. E weli ho'i ia 'oe ( F o r . 4 : 1 6 3 ) , g r e e t i n g s t o y o u . w e l i n a . A g r e e t i n g of a f f e c t i o n , s i m i l a r t o aloha; a s a l u t a t i o n in a l e t t e r , in l o n g e r f o r m a s f o l l o w s : me 'oukou ka welina o ke aloha, t o y o u a n exp r e s s i o n of a f f e c t i o n [or love]; t o g r e e t , wellwell. 1. R e d u p . of weli, 1; r e s p e c t f u l , as of t h e w o r d of a c h i e f . F o r e x a m p l e see puni, 1. h o ' o w e l i w e l l . R e d u p . of ho'oweli. 2 . A s m a l l weli, h o l o t h u r i a n . ( K L l i n e 19.) 3 . R e d u p . of weli, 3\ n u m e r o u s , i m m e n s e , prolific. Ua 'apo 'ia mai 'o Kawelo e na kukuna weliweli o ko Kauahoa kulana u'i ( F o r . 5:53), K a w e l o w a s c a u g h t b y t h e n u m e r o u s t e r r i b l e r a y s of K a u a h o a ' s r e p u t a t i o n as a y o u t h f u l s t a l w a r t . Weliweli ka pua, m a n y flowers. Weliweli ka nui o

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kela 'elepani, t h e size of t h a t e l e p h a n t is immense. welo. 1. T o flutter, float o r s t r e a m , a s i n t h e w i n d . Welo kihei i ke A'e-loa, t h e s h a w l s t r e a m s i n t h e A'e-loa w i n d [said of a s w i f t r u n n e r ) . 2 . T o s e t , of t h e s u n . 3 . P r o g e n y , f a m i l y , f a m i l y t r a i t o r s t r a i n , g r o u p c u s t o m . He welo huhu, a f a m i l y t r a i t of q u i c k t e m p e r s . Ka po'e o 'Enelani-hou he welo holomoku, t h e p e o p l e of N e w E n g l a n d h a v e t h e t r a i t of s e a f a r i n g . Ua kapa 'ia ko makou 'ohana ka welo kunono o Waikapuna, o u r f a m i l y is called t h e fiery b r e e d of W a i - k a p u n a . 4 . (.Cap.) N a m e of a m o n t h i n t h e old c a l e n d a r , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o April. B. (Cap.) N a m e of a s t a r (no d a t a ) . 6 . A s t r o n g p u r g e m a d e of t h e j u i c e of t h e b i t t e r g o u r d o r s e e d s of ka'e'e. Obs. weloka. T h r a s h i n g , s m i t i n g , as a fishtail,

weloklke, weloslte. Velocity. Eng. welona. S a m e as welo, 2. Mai ka pi'ina

a ka la i Ha'eha'e a ka welona a ka la i Lehua, f r o m t h e rising of t h e s u n a t H a ' e h a ' e [ E a s t H a w a i i ] t o t h e s e t t i n g of t h e s u n a t L e h u a I s l a n d [a p o e t i c r e f e r e n c e t o all H a w a i i ] , welowelo. R e d u p . of welo, 1, 2; flying s t r e a k , a s of t h e tail of a c o m e t or of a firebrand. C f . hoku welowelo. welowelo-lS. S a m e a s 'ala-o-Puna, a v a r i e t y of t a r o . ( H P 31, 34.) W e i l l . 1. R a g , r a g g e d f r a g m e n t ; r a g g e d , f r a y e d . He 'iHo welu moe poli, a t a t t e r e d d o g s l e e p i n g o n t h e b o s o m [a p a m p e r e d person], 2 . S t r a g gling c l u m p , a s of t r e e s , welu ahl. B a l l of t a p a c o r d u s e d t o c a r r y fire, welu 'ula. R e d r a g ; t a p a m a d e of pieces of r e d t a p a b e a t e n u p w i t h o t h e r t a p a . Also c a l l e d pa'i'ula. w e l u w e l u . 1. R e d u p . of welu -. s h r e d d e d t o b i t s . 2 . S a m e a s kawelu, a s e a w e e d , wena. 1. G l o w , a s of s u n r i s e or fire. Wena 'ula, red glow. Hd'ike 'o Pele i kona nani, ka 'ula wena i ka maka o ke ao (song), P e l e r e v e a l s h e r b e a u t y , t h e r o s y glow in t h e c o u n t e n a n c e of t h e c l o u d . 2 . A close_ r e l a t i o n s h i p , b l o o d r e l a t i v e . He hoahanau kena e loa'a ai ka wena, t h a t is a c o u s i n in w h o m t h e r e is a close b l o o d t i e . wenawena. R e d u p . of wena, 1.

w e n u k a , v e n u k e , venuse. Venus. (Laie 599.) Eng.

w e o . 1. R e d ; r e d n e s s ; t o b l u s h . F o r e x a m p l e s e e pano. 2 . D r i e d b a n a n a b a r k , p e r h a p s so called b e c a u s e of a r e d d i s h color. Obs. 3 . A v a r i e t y of t a r o . Also mana-weo. weo kanaka. See weo, l , a n d pano. w e o w e o . 1 . R e d u p . of weo, 1. 2 . S a m e a s 'aweoweo, fishes, wepa. V a r . spelling of uwepa.

wepele, vepere. Vesper. Eng.

w e u . S a m e a s weuweu. w e u w e u . H e r b a g e , g r a s s ; b u s h y or f u z z y , a s a b e a r d . C f . kumoena, puweuweu. Pupu weuweu, a c l u m p of g r a s s , e s p e c i a l l y of h e r b s o f f e r e d i n p r a y e r . Hele ana i ka 'ohi weuweu, going t o g a t h e r herbs [often said when going fishing, w h i c h i t w a s b a d l u c k t o m e n t i o n ) . Nalo i loko o ka weuweu, l o s t i n t h e h e r b a g e [ s o m e t i m e s s a i d of a l o v e affair), wewe. 1. S a m e a s 'iewe, n a v e l s t r i n g . 2. S a m e a s kawewe, t o c l a t t e r , r o a r , p o u r , wewehe. S a m e a s wehewehe. Rare. w e w e h l . S a m e a s wehiwehi. Onaona i ka ihu ke honi iho, ka wewehi i ka maka o ka ulua ( c h a n t ) , f r a g r a n t is t h e n o s e t h a t is k i s s e d , l o v e l y i n t h e e y e s of t h e j a c k f i s h [ t h e lover], w e w e b l w a . S a m e a s wehiwa, a t a r o . w e w e l a . S a m e as welawela. w e w e l i . 1 . S o m e w h a t a f r a i d (less s t r o n g t h a n weliweli). 2 . S a m e a s weliweli, 3. Ka wahine weweli wale ( K L l i n e 6 9 1 ) , t h e w o m a n of m a n y offspring.

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w e w e l o

w e w e l o . Same as welowelo. Mea ho'owewelo, streamer. w e w e n a . Redup. of wena, 1. Wewena 'ula ke kai, red glowing sea. w e w e o . Same as weoweo. w e w e w e k e . Same as wekeweke, 1, 2. Wl. 1. Famine; to suffer a famine. 2. T o squeal, tinkle: the sound of wind, of gnashing teeth: any high shrill sound. Cf. pule wi. Wi ka niho 0 ke kolohe la, the rascal's teeth are gnashing [he is getting his just merits). Wi mai nei ho'i kou leo, how shrill your voice is. 3. T h e wi tree (Spondias dulcis), a smooth, gray-barked tree in the mango family, f r o m islands of the south Pacific. T h e round or ovoid orange fruits, called wi apples, are one or more inches in diameter, have apple-flavored, yellow pulp surrounding a core with a few seeds. (Neal 459.) 4. T h e tamarind (Tamarindus indica), a large leguminous tree f r o m tropical Africa and possibly Asia, grown f o r shade and ornament, and for the wood and fruit. T h e brown pod contains a few seeds embedded in sticky, brown, acid pulp, which is eaten or made into a drink. Sometimes called wi-'awa'awa. _5._ See hihi-icai, 1, a grainy snail. 6. A female kiki, a bird. Willi. Same as '(iwihi, to wink. W l k a n l . Strong, hard, rigid, inflexible. Wikani na a'ahuki, hard tendons, w l k a ' o . Same as wikani: dry. Obs. w i k i . T o hurry, hasten: quick. Hele wiki, quick time; quick step, h o ' o w l k l . T o hurry, hasten, wlkiliola, vltlrlola. Vitriol. Eng. w l k i w a m a . W i g w a m . Eng. w l k l w l k i . Redup. of wiki, fast, w l k o , vlto. Veto; to veto. Eng. w i k o l l a . 1. A fine lawn used in dresses: victoria lawn. 2. (Cap.) Victoria. Eng. wiielaiki. T h e Christmas-berry tree (Schinus terebinthifolius), a rather small tree, from Brazil, the leaves compound, each leaf having about seven leaflets, the flowers whitish, small, in large bunches, the small red fruits of the female tree abundant, resembling those of the pukiau-e. N a m e d f o r Willie Rice, who during political campaigns wore a hat lei of the red berries. ( N e a l 461.) will. 1. T o wind, twist, writhe, crank, turn, grind, drill, mix; to dial, as a telephone; to ring up, as on the telephone; to roll up, as a mat: coil, lock, as of hair. Wili lauoho ( M e l e 5.2), locks of hair. Ma'i-wili, venereal disease. Wili Ko'olau, Ko'olau whirlwind [careless hurried work]. Ma ka 'akau wili, right, turn. Ua wili 'ia kou niho me ka mikini wili, your tooth was drilled with the drill, h o ' o w l l l . T o wind, coil, twine, drill, turn; to mill about, as a school of fish. Trans. 2. Mill, drill; bit; various implements or machines used for turning are listed below. Cf. hale wili. Na mea wili (Nah. 11.8), mills. 3. A bird (no data). ( K L line 420.) wilta. Passive/imperative of wili. Ka liko o ka palai i wilia me ke 'ala (name song), the young fern frond is interwoven with fragrance, w l l l a u . T o stir, circulate, move in eddies; mixed currents and eddies; turbulent. Ika ihola lakou

will m a k a n l . Windmill. w i l i m o ' o . T o turn, twist, writhe, as a reptile, h o ' o w l l i m o ' o . (a) Same as above. Lele mai ke kanaka malalaioa me ka ho'owilimo'o, me ka ho'uni puhi 'ana o kona kino, the tall slim man leaped in with a twist and turn, his body moving like that of an eel. (b) Ceremony during luakini or war temple dedication. For a pule ho'owilimo'o see M a l o 185. (c) Quadrille dance, w l l i n a u . T o writhe, twist, wriggle, will n u l . Auger. wili oho. Coil or strand of hair, as in a lei palaoa necklace. wili'Oka'i. 1. Chrysalis of night moth ('oka'i), cocoon. Also called 'owili 'oka'i. 2. T o whirl bluster, as the wind. Cf. 'oka'i. Ka wili 'oka'i a ka Unulau, the whirling turning of the ITuulau wind. will p a p a . Planing mill. W i l i p u a ' a . Corkscrew, hand drill, gimlet, screw auger. Lit., pig twist. Also ulepua'a. w i l i w a i . Eddy, whirlpool. Ua ka'aniniau i ka wiliwai, tossed in the whirlpools [of love], wiliwili. 1. Redup. of wili. 1. Pa wiliwili, blowing of wind in all directions, h o ' o w l l l w i l i . Redup. of ho'nwili. Ho'ou'iliwili ka ua i ka 'ino, the rain swirls in the storm. Ho'owiliwili ka i'a, the fish swim in circles. 2. A Hawaiian leguminous tree (Erythrina sandwicensis, formerly called E. monosperma), found on dry coral plains and on lava flows, somewhat spiny, with short thick trunk. Each leaf has three ovate leaflets; flowers are clustered near branch ends and range in color f r o m red to orange, yellow, white; pods contain red, oblong seeds, used for leis. T h e wood is very light and formerly was used for surfboards, canoe outriggers, net floats. (Neal 401.) For example see pua, 1. w i l l w l l i - h a o l e . T h e tiger's-claw (Erythrina variegata var. orientalis. synonym E. indica), distributed f r o m India to southern Polynesia, resembling the native wiliwili in many ways but larger and commonly grown ornamentally in Hawaii for its large, bright-red flowers. (Neal 402.) w l l i w l l l w a l . Lawn sprinkler. For example see ko'iawe. w l l o u . Willow. (Isa. 44.4). Eng. W l l o u - I o h a l o h a . Weeping willow. .Lit., drooping willow. w i l u . Same as weko, stink, stench, w i l u w i l u . Redup. of wilu. w l n e k a , vinega. Vinegar. Eng. w i n i . 1. Sharp, as a point. Fig., impudent. Ua wini kakala, the spurs are sharp [said of a youth who has reached manhood]. Wini 'i'o no! H o w sharp! [Such boldness, nerve!] h o ' o w i n i . T o sharpen, make a point. 2. Wind. Eng. Pea wini, fair wind, w i n l h a p a . Same as uwinihapa, brick, w l n i w i n l . Redup. of wini, J. Ihu winiwini, sharp nose, w l o l a , viola. Viol. ( A m . 6.5.) Eng. w i o l a ' u m l , viola ' u m l . Instrument of ten strings (Hal. 92.3), psaltery (Hal. 81.2). Lit., ten viol. w l ' u . 1. T o smart with pain, h o ' o w l ' u . T o cause to smart. 2. Dirty, filthy, h o ' o w l ' u . T o besmear, soil. 3. Entangled, as a kite, h o ' o w l ' u . T o entangle, w i ' u w i ' u . Redup. of wi'u, 1-3. Wi'uwi'u loko i ke aloha, heart painful with love; heart entangled with love, h o ' o w l ' u w i ' u . Redup. of ho'owi'u. w l w l . 1. Thin, lean, slender. Pa wiwi, rickety, insecure fence, h o ' o w l w l . T o make thin, slenderize: to diet in order to lose weight; to reduce. 2. Redup. of wi, 2, to squeal, w l w l n i . Same as wi?iiwini, sharp.

1 lalo i kahi wiliau. Hi ihola ka moku (Oih. 27.41), and falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground. wllik&'eka. Snarled, tangled, as hair, w i l l k a h e l . Bit for boring, drilling. Lit., circling drill. w l l l k l . Engineer, turnkey; engineering. Lit., turn key. w l l l k l n a . Sister, nun (Catholic). W l l l k l n l a . Virginia. Eng. w i l i kO. Sugar mill, sugar grinder, to grind sugar cane. wlllkSI. Dust or trash blown by the wind. Obs. w i l l k o p e . C o f f e e mill, coffee grinder.

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—wulekula, wlwo. 1. Fearful, bashful, modest, afraid, timid. Ua hilahila wau, ua wiwo ho'i, ke nana a'e ko'u mau maka id 'oe, e ku'u Akua (Ezera 9.6), I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God. 3. Obedient; to mind, obey. wlwo 'ole. Fearless, brave, bold, wlwowlwo. Redup. of wiu o. woa. Calm. Obs. Ke kai ko'o me ke kai woa (chant), the strong sea and the calm sea.

vuletura— wohl. A high chief exempt from the prostration taboo (kapu moe)\ he preceded the king on public occasions to see that others prostrated themselves; he was generally a near relative. 'Ai-wohi-kupua [name], semidivine wohi ruler, wolu. 1. Same as walu, a fish. Ka'û and Puna, Hawaii. 2. Walrus. Eng. Also waleluka. w6w6. To bellow, roar, wulekake, vulegate. Vulgate. Eng. wulekula, vuletura. Vulture. Eng.

Loan words f r o m English sometimes spelled with initial z- are entered under k-. F o r example: zebela, see kepelu, zebra; zizania, see kikdnia.

PIpI

holo

ka'ao

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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPORTANT WORKS CONSULTED

B o o k s a n d Articles Andrews, Lorrin. A Vocabulary of Words in the Hawaiian Language. Lahainaluna, 1836. . A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language, lo which is Appended an English Hawaiian Vocabulary and a Chronological Table of Remarkable Events. Honolulu, 1865. . A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language. Revised by Henry H. Parker. Honolulu: Board of Commissioners of the Public Archives of the Territory of Hawaii, 1922. Beckwith, Martha Warren. " T h e Hawaiian Romance of Laieikawai (by S. N. Haleole, 1863) with Introduction and Translation." (Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Reports, No. 33.) Washington, D . C „ 1919. Pp. 285-677. — . Kepelino's Traditions of Hawaii. (Bishop Museum Bulletins, No. 95.) Honolulu, 1932. 77 (e Kumulipo, a Hawaiian Creation Chant. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951. Biggs, Bruce. " T h e Compound Possessives in Maori," Journal of the Polynesian Society, LX1V (September, 1955), 341-348. [Bingham, Hiram.] 0 ke Kumumua na na Kamalii; he Palapala e Ao aku ai i na Kamalii Ike Ole i ka Heluhelu Palapala ("First Lessons for Children; a Book Teaching the Children Who D o N o t Know How to Read Books"). Honolulu, 1835. Brigham, William T. Mat and Basket Weaving of the Ancient Hawaiians. (Bishop Museum Memoirs, Volume II.) Honolulu, 1906. Buck, Peter H. See Te Rangi Hiroa. Buniana, Ioane [John Bunyan]. Ka Itele Malihini Ana Mai Keia Ao aku a Hiki i kela Ao; he Olelonane Hoohalikeia me he Moeuhane la ("Pilgrim's Progress from This World to T h a t World, a Parable Like a D r e a m " ) , Honolulu, 1842. Clark, Rev. E. W. Buke Wehewehe Huaolelo Baibala me na Palapalaaina a me na Kii ("Rook Explaining Biblical Words with Maps and Illustrations"). New York, 1903. Cook, James. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, Undertaken by the Command of His Majesty, for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, Volume I I I , pp. 547-551. London, 1785. Dempwolff, O. Vergleichende Lautlehre des auslronesischen Worlschalzes. Zeitschrift fur Eingeborenen-Sprachen, Volumes 1111. Berlin, 1934, 1937, 1938. Dyen, Isidore. The Proto-Malayo-Polvnesian Laryngeats. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America, 1953. Edmondson, Charles Howard. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. (Bishop Museum Special Publications, No. 22.) Honolulu, 1946. Elbert, Samuel H. "Internal Relationships of Polynesian Languages and Dialects," Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, I X (1953), 147-173. . " T h e Hawaiian Dictionaries, P a s t and F u t u r e . " (Hawaiian Historical Society, Annual Reports, No. 62.) Honolulu, 1954. P p . 5-18. Emerson, J . S. He Hoakakaolelo no na Huaolelo Beritania, i Mea Kokua i na Kanaka Hawaii e Ao ana ia Olelo (An Explanation of English Words, as an Aid to Hawaiians Learning this Language"). Lahainaluna, 1845. Emerson, N. B. Unwritten Literature of Hawaii, the Sacred Songs of the Hula, Collected and Translated, with Notes and an Account of the Hula. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletins, No. 38.) Washington, D. C., 1909. . Pele and Hiiaka, a Myth of Hawaii. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd., 1915. Fornander, A. Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folk-lore. (Bishop Museum Memoirs, Volumes IV, V.) Honolulu, 1917, 1918. Handy, E. S. Craighill. The Hawaiian Planter, his Plants, Methods and Areas of Cultivation. (Bishop Museum Bulletins, No. 161.) Honolulu, 1940. He Buke no ke Ola Kino no na Kamalii, e Pili Ana i na Poino i Loaa i ke Kino o na Kanaka ma na Wai Ona a me na Laau Hoohiamoe ("A Book about the Health of Children, Pertaining to H a r m Done to M a n ' s Body by Intoxicating Liquors and Drugs"). New York, 1887.

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— Bibliography — He Kumu Paikau no na Koa Hele Wawae o ke Aupuni Hawaii ("A Manual of Arms for the Infantry Soldiers of the Hawaiian Kingdom"). Honolulu, 1851. Hillebrand, W. F. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Heidelberg, 1888. Hitchcock, H. R. An English-Hawaiian Dictionary; with \'arious Useful Tables: Prepared for the Use of Hawaiian-English Schools. San Francisco, 1887. Judd, Henry P., Mary Kawena Pukui, arid John F. G. Stokes. Introduction to the Hawaiian Language (an English-Hawaiian Vocabulary). Honolulu: Tongg Publishing Co., 1945. Ka Baibala Hemolele o ke Kauoha Kahiko a me ke Kauoha Hou; i Unuhiia Mailoko mai o na Olelo Kahiko, a Ilooponopono IIou ia ("The Holy Bible of the Old Testament and the New Testament; Translated from Ancient Tongues and Revised"). New York: American Bible Society, 1941. Ka Buke Ao Heluhelu; i Hooponoponoia no na Kula Hawaii ma Keia Aupuni ("The Book Instructing Reading; Arranged for the Hawaiian Schools in This Nation"). 2nd edition, Honolulu, 1876. Ka Palapala Hemolele a Iehova ko Kakou Akua o ke Kauoha Kahiko a me ke Kauoha IIou; i Unuhiia Mailoko mai o na Olelo Kahiko ("The Holy Document of Jehovah our God, the New Testament and the Old Testament"). Honolulu, 1813. Ke Alanui o ka Lani, Oia ka Manuale Kakolika i Paiia ma ke Kauoha o Gulekana, ep. o Panopolis, vie. ap. ("The Path to Heaven, the Catholic Manual Published by Order of Gulstan, Bishop of Panopolis, Vicar Apostolic"). Paris, 1896. Kinney, Ruby Kawena. "A Non-purist \ iew of Morphomorpheniic Variations in Hawaiian Speech," Journal of the Polynesian Society, LXV (September, 1956), 282-286. Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778 185'i. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1947. Makemson, Maud Worcester. The Morning Star Rises, an Account of Polynesian Astronomy. New Haven: Yale University Press. 19 tl. Malo, David. Hawaiian Antiquities (Moolelo Hawaii). Translated by Nathaniel B. Emerson (1898). (Bishop Museum Special Publications, No. 2.) Honolulu. 1951. McGuire, James W. L. He Moolelo Pokole o ka Huakai Hele a ka Moiwahine Kapiolani i Enelani i ka Makahiki 1887 i ka Iubile o ka Moiwahine Viloria o Berclania Nui ("A Short Account of the Journey of Queen Kapiolani to England in the Year 1887 for the Jubilee of Queen Victoria of Great Britain"). Honolulu: Collegiate Press, 1938. Miller, M. S., and J. L. Miller. Harper's Bible Dictionary. New York: Harper Brothers, 1952. Mitchell, Donald D. " N a Pa'ani Kahiko o Hawaii" ["The Ancient Sports of Hawaii"]. Mimeographed. Honolulu, no date. Moolelo o na Hana o ka Hale o na Lunamakaainana, Kau Mau o 1905, Ahaolelo o ka Teritore o Hawaii {"Journal of the House of Representatives, Regular Session of 1905, legislature of the Territory of Hawaii"). Honolulu, 1905. Mosblech, Boniface. Vocabulaire Océanien-Français et Francais-Océanien des Dialectes Parlés aux Iles Marquises, Sandwich, Gambier, etc., d'après les Documens Recueillis sur les Lieux par les Missionaires Catholiques et les Ministres Protestans. Paris, 1843. Neal, Marie C. In Gardens of Hawaii. (Bishop Museum Special Publications, No. 40.) Honolulu, 1948. Pukui, Mary Kawena. "Hawaiian Chants," unpublished manuscript. Private collection. . "Hawaiian Sayings." Unpublished manuscript. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Remy, Jules. "Vocabulaire Francais-Havaiien, Recueilli dans l'Archipel de Havaii Pendant les Années 1852-1855." Unpublished manuscript, Newberry Library, Chicago; microfilm, University of Hawaii. Roberts, Helen H. Ancient Hawaiian Music. (Bishop Museum Bulletins, No. 29.) Honolulu, 1926. Rock, J. F. List of Hawaiian Names of Plants. Territory of Hawaii Board of Agriculture and Forestry Botanical Bulletins, No. 2. Honolulu, 1913. . The Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, 1913. Stokes, John F. G. " T h e Hawaiian King (Mo-i, Alii-aimoku, Alii-kapu)." (Hawaiian Historical Society Papers, No. 19.) Honolulu, 1932. Pp. 1-28. Te Rangi Hiroa [Peter H. Buck], Arts and Crafts of Hawaii. (Bishop Museum Special Publications, No. 45.) In press. Thomson, James B. Ka Huinahelu Hou; Oia Hoi ka Arimalika Kulanui; Malaila i Aoia ai ke Ano a me ka Hoopiliia ana o na Helu ("The New Combined Arithmetic; a High School Arithmetic; in Which the Kind and Properties are Taught"). Translated by C. J. Lyons. Honolulu, 1870.

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Bibliography

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T h r u m , T . G. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 18%. Honolulu, 1896. . Hawaiian Annual for 1925. Honolulu: T h o m a s G. T h r u m , 1924. Titcomb, Margaret, with the collaboration of M a r y Kawena Pukui. Native Use of Fish in Hawaii. (Polynesian Society Memoirs, No. 29.) New Zealand, 1952. Whitney, Leo D., F. A.. I. Bowers, and M. Takahashi. Taro Varieties in Hawaii. (Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station of t h e University of Hawaii Bulletins, No. 84.) Honolulu, 1939. Wise, C. M., and Wesley Hervey. " T h e Evolution of Hawaiian Orthography," The Quarterly Journal of Speech, X X X V I I I (October, 1952), 311-325. Newspapers Ka Elele Hawaii ( " T h e Hawaiian Messenger"). Honolulu, 1845-1855. Ka Elele Poakolu ( " T h e Wednesday Messenger"). Honolulu, 1880-1885. Ka Hae Hawaii ( " T h e Flag of Hawaii"). Honolulu, 1856-1861. Ka Hoku o Hawaii ( " T h e Star of Hawaii"). Hilo, 1906-1948. Ka Leo o ka Lahui ( " T h e Voice of the N a t i o n " ) . Honolulu, 1892-1894. Ka Loea Kalaiaina ( " T h e Political Expert"). Honolulu, 1897-1900. Ka Na'i Aupuni ( " T h e National Conqueror"). Honolulu, 1905-1906. Ka Nuhou Hawaii ( " T h e Hawaiian News"). Honolulu, 1873-1871. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ( " T h e Independent Newspaper"). Honolulu, 1861-1920. Ke Aloha Aina ( " T h e P a t r i o t " ) . Honolulu, 1893-1920. Ke Au Okoa ( " T h e Independent E r a " ) . Honolulu, 1865-1873. Lahui Hawaii ("Hawaiian N a t i o n " ) . Honolulu, 1875-1902.

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Production

Note

This book has been set in Monotype 7-point Title 28-J for the word entries and 6-point Post Text for the definitions, with 2 points between entries. Display type is Linotype Bodoni Bold in various sizes. The large letters of the alphabet at the beginning of each section were reproduced from an 1835 primer attributed to Hiram Bingham provided by the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library. Reproduction was by letterpress on Warren's No. 1854 Substance 60, endleaves Seaplane Substance 80. The book was manufactured by the Advertiser Publishing Company under the supervision of Francis Williams, Alton Raff, and Manuel Santos, with monotype keyboarding by George Oide, monotype casting by Charles O'Bevan, make-up by George Oide and Edward Morikawa, proofreading by Manuel Jardin and James J a y , cylinder presswork by Reinhold Jülich, and binding by William Nainoa Chong See. Proofreading for the U. H. Press was done by Margaret Sueoka and Ruby K. Kinney. Covers were made of Roxite Record Buckram 63268 Linen finish and die-stamped by Russell-Rutter Company, Inc. Visual effects were created by Jean Chariot. The book was designed and produced under the supervision of Aldyth V. Morris.

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362

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Linguistic

Map

RED • - East Polynesian languages most closely related to Hawaiian RED t> - West Polynesian languages less closely related to Hawaiian BLUE • - Malayo-Polynesian languages distantly related to Hawaiian