Das Tierreich / The Animal Kingdom: Tlbd/Part 109 Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Part I: Australia and Oceania 9783110885958, 9783110141146

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Aaron Μ. Bauer Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria) Part I Australia and Oceania

DAS TIERREICH The Animal Kingdom Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen A Compilation and Characterization of the Recent Animal Groups

Herausgeber/Editors HEINZ WERMUTH

MAXIMILIAN FISCHER

(Wirbeltiere)

(Wirbellose)

Teilband

109

Part

W G DE

Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 1994

Aaron Μ. Bauer in collaboration with Klaus Henle

Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria) Part I Australia and Oceania

w DE

G Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 1994

Authors Aaron Μ. Bauer Professor of Biology Villanova University Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699 U.S.A. Scientific and Managing

Editor

Hofrat Mag. Dr. Maximilian Fischer Naturhistorisches Museum Wien Burgring 7 A-1014 Wien Austria

Dr. Klaus Henle UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle G m b H Permoser Straße 15 D-04318 Leipzig FRG Citation Das Tierreich, Teilband 109 Aaron Μ. Bauer Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin · New York, 1994

@ printed on acid free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Bauer, Aaron, M. Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria) / Aaron M. Bauer, in collaboration with Klaus Henle. - (Das Tierreich : Teilbd. 109 = The Animal kingdom ; pt. 109) Contents: pt. 1. Australia and Oceania. ISBN 3-11-014114-0 1. Geckos. 2. Geckos-Classification. I. Henle, Klaus. II. Title. III. Series: Tierreich ; Teilbd. 109. QL666.L245B37 1994 93-46710 597.95-dc20

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Das Tierreich : eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen = The animal kingdom / Hrsg. Heinz Wermuth ; Maximilian Fischer. - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter. Teilw. hrsg. von Robert Mertens ; Willi Hennig. Teilw. Hrsg. Heinz Wermuth ... NE: Wermuth, Heinz [Hrsg.]; Mertens, Robert [Hrsg.]; PT Teilbd. 109. Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). - Pt. 1. Australia and Oceania. Aaron Μ. Bauer in collab. with Klaus Henle. - 1994 ISBN 3-11-014114-0 NE: Bauer, Aaron Μ.

© Copyright 1994 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. N o part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. - Printed in Germany. Typesetting and Printing: Tutte Druckerei GmbH, Salzweg-Passau. Binding: Dieter Mikolai, Berlin.

Preface In the years since the previous treatment of the Gekkonidae in Das Tierreich (WERMUTH 1965) many new taxa have been described, and many others resurrected from, or reduced to, synonymy. The net result is an increase of more than two hundred generally recognized species. In addition, the literature, both taxonomic and biological, has continued to proliferate at an ever increasing rate. In order to effectively treat this large group of reptiles the family Gekkonidae has been broken up along geographic lines, with a total of five volumes devoted to the family as a whole. In planned order of completion these volumes cover: Oceania (including Australia and New Guinea); the Americas; Europe, north Africa and palearctic Asia; central and southern Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean; and tropical Asia. Taxa occurring in more than one region will be treated in each appropraite volume. The present volume includes all of the gecko species occurring in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and the islands of Oceania. All islands to the north and west of Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, as well as the Pacific islands under Japanese and Philippine control, the Galapagos Islands and the nearshore islands of the Americas are excluded. Australia's island territories, including those in the Indian Ocean are, however, covered. Whereas all islands groups politically part of Papua New Guinea have been included, the only portions of Indonesia incorporated in this volume are mainland Irian Jaya and its immediately adjacent nearshore islands. The remainder of Indonesia will be included in volume five of this series. The geckos occurring in the Pacific region are representatives of two of the four generally recognized subfamilies of gekkonids, the Gekkoninae and Diplodactylinae. These divisions were initially recognized by UNDERWOOD (1954) and subsequently modified (UNDERWOOD 1955; K L U G E 1967 a) to their present composition. Phylogenetic analyses of gekkonids at the subfamilial level were conducted by KLUGE(1967a, 1987). KLUGE(1967a, b, 1983 a) further recognized tribal divisions within the subfamilies. Assignment of genera to subfamily and tribe are listed at the beginning of each generic "Comments" section. K L U G E (1967 b) and BAUER (1990 a) examined relationships within the diplodactyline

VI tribes Diplodactylini and Carphodactylini, respectively. KLUGE (1968) examined relationships among several gekkonine genera, including two occurring in the Pacific region. KING and associates have recently examined higher order relationships within both gekkonine (KING 1987C) and diplodactyline geckos (KING 1987 a, b; KING & MENGDEN 1990) on the basis of chromosomal features. MCCANN (1953), TYLER (1979), KEAST (1981) a n d COGGER & HEATWOLE (1984),

amongst others, discussed biogeographical relationships of Pacific geckos.

Organization of the Accounts in this Work Each generic account includes a synonymy presenting all names applied to the genus in whole or part, and their variants. This is followed by a statement of distribution and a "Comments" section highlighting systematic and taxonomic information or problems. Biological and key systematic references that apply to several, or all members of the genus are listed under 13 broad categories. The complete references may be found in the "Literature Cited" section following the text. A complete list of species referred to each genus and a key to Pacific region species follow the list of generic references. Extralimital species are marked by an asterisk (*) in the species referred list. Species accounts are arranged similarly to generic accounts except that chresonymies are provided instead of synonymies. The chresonymies in this book are not meant to be exhaustive, although they do contain all names proposed for each taxa as well as a broad selection of other citations, including all of those listed by WERMUTH (1965) and COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER (1983). Revisionary or review works pertinent to each taxon are also included in the chresonymies as are regional herpetofaunas or faunal lists (including significant field guides and other popular and semi-popular works). Specifically excluded are purely biological references unless these contain variants of the name. Names appear verbatim with the full generic name provided unless it appeared in abbreviated form in the description of a new name. Page numbers in the chresonymy citations refer to the first or, in some cases, the primary use of the name in the work in question (always the first use in the case of new names). Unless significant for purposes of priority, multiple papers from the same year are presented in alphabetical order of the authors' names. Every effort has been made to correctly date publications cited. Replacement names, emendations and incorrect subsequent spellings are noted as such in association with their earliest chronological use. Because of the difficulty, or in some cases impossibility, of distinguishing types of errors (e. g. typographical) from others a posteriori, no such distinctions are made within the category of incorrect subsequent spellings. The term "non" indicates that the name employed is not used in the sense of any listed homonyms. The term "nec" indicates that the name

VII applied is not used in the sense of the original author. Type localities appear verbatim and type specimens and their present status are identified whenever possible. As in the case of genera, species "References" sections provide citations to primarily biological works, usually not otherwise cited in the chresonymies. Much biological information has recently been summarized by the following workers: BAUER ( 1 9 9 0 ) - carphodactyline geckos; GREER (1989) - all Australian geckos; WHITAKER & THOMAS (1989) - New Zealand carphodactylines. Readers are referred to these works for extensive bibliographies. Papers discussing general features of geckos as a whole are usually not referenced nor are general papers and books dealing exclusively with husbandry or other aspects of captive geckos. Some useful works summarizing morphological variation across all gekkonids, and including references to Pacific taxa are: KLUGE 1967 a, 1982 a, 1983 a, 1987; RUSSELL 1972. Collection acronyms cited in the text follow LEVITON & al. (1985). Island names used in the text are based on the recommendations of MOTTELER (1986). Point locality maps are provided for each taxon. These have been prepared from museum records and from published sources based primarily on museum records (e.g. SWAN 1990; INGRAM & RAVEN 1991). Where identifiable, all type localities are indicated on the maps. A particular problem in the compilation of the Australian and Oceanian volume of this work was encountered with respect to the work of WELLS & WELLINGTON (1984, 1985 a, b). These authors have introduced many new names and resurrected others, frequently with minimal justification. The instability resulting from the acceptance of these works generated much comment (GANS 1985; GRIGG & SHINE 1985; KING & MILLER 1985; HEATWOLE 1985; TYLER

1985) and the papers (or portions thereof) were proposed for supression for nomenclatural purposes (THULBORN 1986; Anonymous 1987; SHEA 1987). Following extensive comment on the proposal (HUTCHINSON & al. 1988; Anonymous 1989), the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ( 1 9 9 1 ) declined to vote on the application, leaving the nomenclatural problems generated by the works in question open to consideration on a case by case basis. In most cases the unorthodoxies of these authors have involved the resurrection of names from synonymy. In a few cases, however, the authors have identified putatively new species. With one exception (Cyrtodactylus sadleiri) we have not accepted any of these names. Among the many new genric names proposed by Wells & Wellington we have accepted only Christinus as valid. Two papers by BÖRNER & SCHÜTTLER (1982, 1983) also pose a problem. It is questionable if the outlet in which these names were published constitutes a publication for nomenclatural purposes. Nonetheless, we have followed KLUGE (1991) in tentatively recognizing the two names proposed therein, one of which is recognized as pertaining to a putatively valid taxon, Gehyra kimberleyi.

Acknowledgements This volume could not have been completed without the generous assistance of numerous colleagues who provided literature and specimen localities. Special thanks are deserving to KRAIG ADLER, ALLEN ALLISON, WILLIAM BECKON, WOLFGANG BÖHME, EDUARD BRYGOO, JOHN CADLE, H A L COGGER, JEANETTE COVACEVICH, RONALD CROMBIE, KEVIN DE QUEIROZ, DAVID GOOD, RAINER GÜNTHER, MARINUS HOOGMOED, IVAN INEICH, MATTHIAS LANG, ALAN LEVITON, ED M A L NATE, COLIN MCCARTHY, JAMES MENZIES, HIDETOSHI OTA, JOSE ROSADO, A N THONY RUSSELL, ROSS SADLIER, JENS VINDUM, HAROLD VORIS, TONY WHITAKER,

and GEORGE ZUG. The library staffs of the California Academy of Sciences, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and the Field Museum of Natural History facilitated the location and use of many of the rarer sources cited. Research support during the preparation of this volume was provided by the Department of Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, Villanova University and by the Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences. The task of assembling this volume would not have been possible without the computer assistance of BILL MARKS, the editorial work of HEINZ WERMUTH, or the commitment of the Staff of WALTER D E GRUYTER, particularly MARTINA SCHMIDT and EVELYNE GLOWKA. Finally, the tolerance of SUZANNE SCHECTER has contributed immeasurably to the successful completion of this volume. ERNEST WILLIAMS

Aaron M. Bauer, Villanova

Systematic Index REPTILIA Squamata Gekkonidae

1

Bavayia B. crassicollis B. cyclura B. montana B. ornata B. sauvagii B. septuiclavis B. validiclavis

2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5

Carphodactylus C. laevis

6 7

Christinus C. guentheri C. marmoratus C.m. marmoratus C.m. macrodactylus

8 8 9 12 12

Cosymbotus C. platyurus

13 14

Crenadactylus C. ocellatus C.o. ocellatus C.o. bilineatus C.o. naso C.o. rostralis

17 18 19 19 20 20

Cyrtodactylus C. biordinis C. derongo C. loriae C. louisiadensis C. marmoratus C. mimikanus C. novaeguineae C. papuensis C. sadleiri C. sermowaiensis

21 23 24 24 25 26 28 29 29 29 30

Diplodactylus D. alboguttatus D. assimilis D. byrnei D. ciliaris D.c. ciliaris D.c. aberrans D. conspicillatus D. damaeus D. elderi D. fulleri D. furcosus D. galeatus D. granariensis D.g. granariensis D.g. rex D. immaculatus D. intermedius D. jeanae

31 34 35 36 37 38 38 39 41 42 43 43 45 45 46 47 47 47 48

χ D. kenneallyi D. maini D. mcmillani D. michaelseni D. mitchelli D. occultus D. ornatus D. polyophthalmus D. pulcher D. rankini D. savagei D. spinigerus D.s. spinigerus D. s.inornatus D. squarrosus D. steindachneri D. stenodactylus D. strophurus D. taeniatus D. taenicauda D. tessellatus D. vittatus D. wellingtonae D. williamsi D. wilsoni D. wombeyi

49 50 50 51 52 52 53 54 54 56 57 57 59 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 64 65 67 67 69 69

Eurydactylodes E. symmetricus E. vieillardi

69 70 70

Gehyra G. australis G. baliola G. borroloola G. brevipalmata G. catenata G. dubia G. fenestra G. interstitialis G. kimberleyi G. lampei G. leopoldi

71 75 77 78 79 79 80 81 83 83 84 84

G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G.

marginata membranacruralis minuta montium mutilata nana occidentalis oceanica pamela papuana pilbara punctata purpurascens robusta variegata vorax xenopus

84 85 86 86 88 94 94 95 99 100 100 101 102 102 103 105 106

Gekko G. monarchus G. vittatus

107 108 109

Hemidactylus H. frenatus H. garnotii

113 115 123

Hemiphyllodactylus H. typus

126 126

Heteronotia H. binoei H. planiceps H. spelea

130 132 135 135

Hoplodactylus H. chrysosireticus H. delcourti H. duvaucelii H. granulatus H. kahutarae H. maculatus H. pacificus H. rakiurae H. stephensi

136 138 139 139 141 142 143 146 147 147

XI Lepidodactylus L. browni L. euaensis L. flaviocularis L. gardineri L. guppyi L. listeri L. lugubris L. magnus L. manni L. mutahi L. novaeguineae L. orientalis L. pulcher L. pumilus L. shebae L. woodfordi

148 150 150 151 151 151 153 153 160 160 161 161 161 161 162 162 163

Nactus N. galgajuga N. pelagicus N. vankampeni

163 164 164 168

Naultinus N. elegans N.e. elegans N.e. punctatus N. gemmeus N. grayii N. manukanus N. poecilochlorus N. rudis N. stellatus N. tuberculatus

170 171 172 173 174 175 176 176 177 177 178

Nephrurus N. asper N. deleani N. laevissimus N. levis N.l. levis N.l. occidentalis N.l. pilbarensis

178 180 182 182 183 185 185 186

N. milii N. sphyrurus N. stellatus N. vertebralis N. wheeled N.w. wheeleri N.w. cinctus

187 189 190 190 191 191 192

Oedura O. castelnaui O. coggeri O. filicipoda O. gemmata O. gracilis O. lesueurii O. marmorata O. monilis O. obscura O. reticulata O. rhombifer O. robusta O. tryoni

192 193 195 195 196 196 197 199 201 202 202 203 204 205

Perochirus P. ateles P. guentheri P. scutellatus

206 206 207 208

Phyllurus P. caudiannulatus P. cornutus P. platurus P. salebrosus

208 209 210 211 214

Rhacodactylus R. auriculatus R. australis R. cavaticus R. chahoua R. cilitatus R. leachianus R. lindneri R. sarasinorum R. trachyrhynchus

214 215 216 218 219 219 220 221 221 222

XII Rhynchoedura R. ornata

223 223

Species Inquirenda, Nomina Dubia & Nomina Nuda Gecko dorreensis Hemidactylus borneensis Hemidactylus gelatinosus

225 225 225

Hemidactylus zosterophorus . . . 225 Peropus perdicolor 226 Peropus pusillus 226 Species Recorded in Error the Pacific Region Gekko gecko Hemidactylus brookii

226 226

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160 1 9 8 6 a ; INEICH 1 9 8 9 ; MORITZ & a l . 1 9 9 3 . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : SCHMIDT 1922; ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 , 1924; TINKER 1 9 4 1 ; OLIVER & SHAW 1 9 5 3 ; BROWN 1956; SMITH & GRANT 1 9 6 1 ; FUGLER 1966; HUNSAKER & BREESE 1 9 6 7 ; BROWN & ALCALA 1 9 7 0 ; HUTSON 1 9 7 5 ; SMITH & KOHLER 1 9 7 8 ; MILLER 1 9 8 0 ; OTA 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 6 a ; CHEKE 1984; OTA & HINOUE 1984; INEICH 1987, 1 9 9 0 a , b ; HOOGMOED 1 9 8 9 ; Z U G 9 9 1 . - O s t e o l o g y : WELLBORN 1 9 3 3 ; HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; GREER 1989; PREGILL 1 9 9 3 . M o r p h o l o g y : SOKOLOWSKY 1 9 0 0 ; MILLER 1 9 6 6 ; WERNER 1 9 6 9 ; HILLER 1 9 7 1 ; JULLIEN & RENOUSLECURU 1 9 7 3 ; GUNDY & WURST 1976; INEICH 1987; INEICH & GARDNER 1989; INEICH & OTA 1 9 9 2 . - P h y s i o l o g y : FEDER & FEDER 1 9 8 1 ; DUNSON 1 9 8 2 ; INEICH & GARDNER 1 9 8 9 ; WERNER 1 9 9 0 a , b . - K a r y o l o g y : MAKINO & MOMMA 1 9 4 9 ; HALL 1970; CUELLAR & KLUGE 1 9 7 2 ; CUELLAR 1 9 7 4 ; MORITZ & K I N G 1 9 8 5 ; K I N G 1 9 8 7 b ; INEICH 1 9 8 7 ; P A S T E U R & a l . 1 9 8 7 ; VOLOBOUEV & PASTEUR 1 9 8 8 . - B e h a v i o r : HUNSAKER & BREESE 1 9 6 7 ; MILLER 1979; RUSSELL 1 9 7 9 b ; WERNER 1980, 1 9 9 0 a ; HAYASHI & a l . 1 9 8 3 ; ZAWORSKI 1 9 8 7 ; M C C O I D & HENSLEY 1991; Z U G 1 9 9 1 . Repro-

duction:

SCHNEE 1901, 1902; SNYDER 1917; TAYLOR 1922C; KINGHORN 1 9 3 1 a ; CAGLE 1946a;

OLIVER & SHAW 1 9 5 3 ; HUNSAKER & BREESE 1 9 6 7 ; WHITAKER 1 9 7 0 a ; CUELLER & KLUGE 1 9 7 2 ; CUELLAR 1 9 7 4 , 1984; JONES & a l . 1 9 7 8 ; M A U 1 9 7 8 ; M C C O Y 1 9 8 0 ; SCHWANER 1 9 8 0 ; WERNER 1 9 8 0 , 1 9 9 0 b ; AMERSON & a l . 1 9 8 2 a , b ; GUILLETTE & a l . 1 9 8 2 ; INEICH 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 8 ; CREWS & a l . 1 9 8 3 ; GIBBONS & Z U G 1 9 8 7 ; PASTEUER & a l . 1 9 8 7 ; BROWN & SAKAI 1 9 8 8 ; VOLOBOUEV & PASTEUR 1 9 8 8 ; OTA 1 9 8 9 b ; BAUER & VINDUM 1990; M C C O I D & HENSLEY 1 9 9 1 ; Z U G 1 9 9 1 ; INEICH & OTA 1 9 9 2 ; BROWN & DUFFY 1 9 9 2 . RÖSLER 1 9 9 2 . - E c o l o g y : SCHNEE 1 9 0 1 ; TINKER 1941; CAGLE 1 9 4 6 a , b ; LA RIVERS 1 9 4 8 ; MARSHALL 1 9 5 1 ; OLIVER & SHAW 1 9 5 3 ; M O U L 1 9 5 4 ; NIERING 1 9 6 3 ; FROGNER 1967; HUNSAKER & BREESE 1967; MEDWAY & MARSHALL 1 9 7 5 ; M C C O Y 1980; SCHWANER 1 9 8 0 ; SABATH 1 9 8 1 ; AMERSON & a l . 1 9 8 2 a , b ; INEICH 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 7 ; COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 ; JARECKI & LAZELL 1987; WILES & a l . 1 9 9 0 . WERNER 1990; Z U G 1 9 9 1 ; INEICH & OTA 1 9 9 2 ; RODDA & FRITTS 1992; PREGILL 1 9 9 3 ; GILL 1 9 9 3 ; PETREN & a l . 1 9 9 3 . - B i o l o g y : HEDIGER 1 9 3 4 ; HUNSAKER & BREESE 1 9 6 7 ; SEUFER 1 9 8 5 ; OTA 1 9 8 9 b ; BAUER & VINDUM 1 9 9 0 ;

SUPERIN 1991; CuftiK 1992. -

Paleontology:

PREGILL 1993.

Lepidodactylus magnus

B R O W N & PARKER

1977 Lepidodactylus magnus BROWN & PARKER, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., (4) 41: 258; fig. l c . Terra typica: " K o l Jim Valley Highlands, Papua New Guinea". Holotype: M C Z 101504. 1982 Lepidodactylus magnus - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 43. 1990 Lepidodactylus magnus - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28. 1991 Lepidodactylus

magnus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: Central highlands of Papua New Guinea. See Map 35. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group I. Lepidodactylus manni

SCHMIDT

1923 lepidodactylus manni - SCHMIDT, Copeia, 1923(116): 51. - Terra typica: "Suene, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands". Holotype: M C Z 16880. 1929 lepidodactylus manni - BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 69: 292. 1934 Lepidodactylus manni - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 38. 1956 Lepidodactylus manni - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., IIIA: 1486. 1965 lepidodactylus manni - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 99. 1968 Lepidodactylus manni - KLUGE, Philippine J. Sei., 95: 337. 1977 Lepidodactylus manni - BROWN & PARKER, OCC. Pap. Californ. Acad. Sei., (4) 41: 259. 1977 Lepidodactylus manni - GORHAM, J. New Brunswick Mus., 1977: 59; figs. 1 - 2 . 1991 Lepidodactylus manni - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18. 1991 Lepidodactylus manni - ZUG, Bishop Mus. Bill. Zool., 2: 46.

Distribution: Yiti Levu, Rabi, and Kadavu, Fiji Islands. See Map 36. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group I. References: Behavior: Zug 1991. -

Reproduction: Zug 1 9 9 1 . - Ecology: Zug 1991.

161

Lepidodactylus mutahi

B R O W N & PARKER

1977 lepidodactylus mutahi - BROWN & PARKER, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., (4) 41: 259. - Terra typiea: " M u t a h i area, Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands". Holotype: M C Z 127844. 1980 Lepidodactylus mutahi - MCCOY, Reptil. Solomon Isl.: 25. 1990 Lepidodactylus mutahi - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28. 1991 lepidodactylus

mutahi - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands [Papua New Guinea], See Map. 36. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group I. References:

Ecology:

BROWN & PARKER 1 9 7 7 .

Lepidodactylus novaeguineae

B R O W N & PARKER

1977 Lepidodactylus novaeguineae - BROWN & PARKER, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., (4) 41: 260. Terra typica: " L a k e Sentani area, West Irian" [New Guinea, Indonesia]. Holotype: C A S 89684.

1977 Lepidodactylus novaeguinea - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife P a p u a New Guinea, 82/2:43 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Lepidodactylus novaeguineae BROWN & PARKER 1977). 1990 lepidodactylus novaeguineae - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28. 1991 Lepidodactylus

novaeguineae - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: From Jayapura area, West Irian to Huon Peninsula, northern Papua New Guinea. See Map 35. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group II. Lepidodactylus orientalis

B R O W N & PARKER

1898 Gekko pumilus - BOULENGER, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2)18(38): 697 (non Gekko pumilus BOULENGER 1885: 473 = Lepidodactylus pumilus). 1977 Lepidodactylus orientalis - BROWN & PARKER, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., (4) 41: 261. - Terra typica: " P o r t Moresby area, Central District, Papua New Guinea". Holotype: Β Μ Ν Η 1897.12.10.7. 1982 Lepidodactylus orientalis - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife P a p u a New Guinea, 82/2: 43. 1990 Lepidodactylus orientalis - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28. 1991 Lepidodactylus

orientalis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: Konedubo and Port Moresby, Central District, Papua New Guinea. See Map 35. Comments: A member of Lepidodactylus species group I. References: T a x o n o m y :

PERNETTA & BLACK 1 9 8 3 . -

Lepidodactylus pulcher

Ecology:

PERNETTA & BLACK 1 9 8 3 .

(BOULENGER)

1885 Lepidodactylus pulcher - BOULENGER, Cat. Lizards Brit. Mus., 1: 166. - Terra typica: " A d miralty Islands. Wild Island" [Papua New Guinea], Syntypes: B M N H 1946.9.8.48-49, M C Z 144392.

1913 1915 1928 1932 1948

Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus

pulcher pulcher pulcher guppyi pulcher

-

WERNER, Mitt, naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 30: 7. DE ROOIJ, Reptil. Indo-Austral. Arch., 1: 49. HARRISON, Rept. Australasian Assoc. Adv. Sei., 18: 378. BURT & BURT (partim), Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 63: 505. LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 101: 334.

162 1965 1968 1977 1982 1990

Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus

pulcher guppyi pulcher pulcher pulcher -

WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 99. KLUGE (partim), Philippine J. Sei., 95: 339. SCOTT & ΑΙ., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 77/3: 9. WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 43. WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28.

1991 Lepidodactylus pulcher - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: Wild, Plot, and Lengendrowa Islands, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea. Records from the Huon Peninsula need confirmation. See Map 35. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group II. Lepidodactylus pumilus

(BOULENGER)

1885 Gecko pumilus - BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 5(16): 473. - Terra typica: "Murray Island, Torres Straits" [Queensland, Australia]. Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.25.93. 1887 Gecko pumilus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 488. 1898 Lepidodactylus pumilus - BOULENGER, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2)18(38): 697. 1915 Gecko pumilus - DE ROOIJ, Reptil. Indo-Austral. Arch., 1: 54. 1928 Gekko pumilus - HARRISON, Rept. Australasian Assoc. Adv. Sei., 18: 378. 1934 Gekko pumilus - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 45. 1948 Gekko pumilus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 101: 316. 1967 Lepidodactylus pumilus - KLUGE, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 135: 9. 1968 Lepidodactylus pumilus - KLUGE, Philippine J. Sei., 95: 337. 1979 Lepidodactylus pumilis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 2nd ed.: 573 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Lepidodactylus pumilus BOULENGER 1885). 1981 Lepidodactylus pumilus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1982 lepidodactylus pumilus - COVACEVTCH & al., Biol. Conserv., 22: 287. 1982 Lepidodactylus pumilus - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 43. 1983 Lepidodactylus pumilus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 181; fig. 425. 1984 Lepidodactylus pumilus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Lepidodactylus pumilus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1987 Lepidodactylus pumilus - COVACEVICH, Queensl. Natural., 28: 28. 1988 Lepidodactylus pumilus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 81; fig. 180. 1990 Lepidodactylus pumilus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 69. 1990 Lepidodactylus pumilis - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 28. 1991 Lepidodactylus pumilus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18. 1991 Lepidodactylus pumilis - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 lepidodactylus pumilus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.; 250; fig. p. 250.

Distribution: Murray and Hammond Islands (Torres Strait), Queensland, Australia; Daru Island and Fly River region, Western District, Papua New Guinea. A specimen from Lake Bronto, Queensland (10°47'S, 142° 34Έ) was regarded by COVACEVICH & al. (1982) as a "migrant", but several specimens have since been recovered from the far north of Cape York Peninsula. See Map 35. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group I. References: K a r y o l o g y :

KING 1 9 8 7 b . -

Conservation:

Lepidodactylus shebae

KENNEDY 1 9 9 0 ; MCDONALD & al. 1 9 9 1 .

(BROWN & TANNER)

1949 Pseudogekko shebae - BROWN & TANNER, Great Basin Nat., 9: 43; figs. 1 - 2 . - Terra typica: "Lower Lunga River area, Guadalcanal Island" [Solomon Islands]. Holotype: BYU 7002. 1964 Pseudogecko shebae - BROWN, Breviora, 204: 1; fig. 2. 1967 Lepidodactylus shebae - KLUGE, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 135: 9.

163 1968 1977 1980 1982 1990

Lepidodactylus shebae - KLUGE, Philippine J. Sei., 95: 337. Pseudogekko shebae - SCOTT & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 77/3: 9. Lepidodactylus shebae - MCCOY, Reptil. Solomon Isl.: 26. Pseudogecko shebae - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 43. Lepidodactylus shebae - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 29.

1991 Lepidodactylus

shebae - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18.

Distribution: Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands, see Map 36. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group II. References: T a x o n o m y :

KLUGE 1 9 6 8 . -

Osteology:

KLUGE 1 9 6 8 . -

Lepidodactylus woodfordi

Morphology:

KLUGE 1 9 6 8 .

BOULENGER

1887 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887: 334. - Terra typica: " F a r o Island [ = F a u r o Island, Shortland Islands], Solomon Islands". Holotype: B M N H 1946.8.22.34. 1887 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 487. 1888 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888: 90. 1898 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - BOULENGER, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2)18: 696. 1915 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - D E ROOIJ, Reptil. Indo-Austral. Arch., 1: 51. 1928 lepidodactylus woodfordi - HARRISON, Rept. Australasian Assoc. Adv. Sei., 18: 378. 1934 Lepidodactylus woodfordi - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 101. 1 9 4 8 Lepidodactylus

woodfordi

- LOVERIDGE, BULL. M U S . COMP. ZOOL., 101: 3 3 4 .

1968 1980 1987 1990 1991 1991

woodfordi woodfordi lugubris woodfordi woodfordi lugubris -

- KLUGE, Philippine J. Sei., 95: 338. - MCCOY, Reptil. Solomon Isl.: 26; p l . 2 h . PASTEUER & al. (partim), Genetica, 75: 71. - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 29. - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 18. ZUG (partim), Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool., 2: 42.

Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus Lepidodactylus

Distribution: Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. See Map 36. Comments: Member of Lepidodactylus group III. The specific distinctness of this taxon from L. lugubris has been questioned, but L. woodfordi appears to be bisexual and therefore distinct from at least the widespread parthenogenetic forms of L. lugubris. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : BROWN & PARKER 1 9 7 7 ; PASTEUR & a l . 1 9 8 7 . 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1 9 6 0 . - K a r y o l o g y : PASTEUR & a l . 1 9 8 7 .

Nactus 1877 Hetoronota o f Heteronota

Osteology:

HOLDER

KLUGE

MACLEAY, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 2: 100 (incorrect subsequent spelling GRAY 1 8 4 5 =

Heteronotia

WERMUTH 1 9 6 5 ; n e c Heteronota

GRAY 1 8 4 5 ) .

1983 Nactus KLUGE, Copeia, 1983: 469. - Species typica: Gymnodactylus arnouxii DUMIRIL 1851 (= Nactus pelagicus [GIRARD 1857]) (by original designation). 1988 Mascarenogecko ULBER & GERICKE, Veröff. naturhist. Mus. Schleusingen, 3: 68. - Species typica: Gymnodactylus serpeninsula LOVERIDGE 1951 (by original designation).

Distribution: Mascarene Islands; Eastern Indo-Australian Archipelago; northern Queensland; spotty distribution in the islands of Oceania (see island lists). Comments: Subfamily Gekkoninae, Tribe "Ptyodactylini".

164 References: Phylogeny: KLUGE raphy: BULLOCK & al. 1 9 8 5 ; 1 9 8 1 . - Karyology: MORITZ

1 9 8 3 ; BULLOCK & al. 1 9 8 5 ; ULBER & GERICKE 1 9 8 8 . ULBER & GERICKE 1988; ZUG 1991. - Morphology: 1 9 8 7 a.

Species referred: *Nactus coindemirensis BULLOCK & al. (INGRAM 1 9 7 8 ) , N.pelagicus (GIRARD 1 8 5 7 ) , *N. serpeninsula N. vankampeni (BRONGERSMA 1 9 3 3 ) .

1985,

ZoogeogBASTINCK

N.galgajuga

(LOVERIDGE 1 9 5 1 ) ,

Key to the Nactus of the Pacific Region 1 1' 2 2'

More than 13 rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody 13 or fewer rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody Nostril bordered posteriorly by a single postnasal scale Nostril bordered posteriorly by three postnasal scales or granules

Nactus galgajuga

N. pelagicus, p. 164 2 N. vankampeni, p. 168 N. galgajuga, p. 164

(INGRAM)

1978 Crytodactylus galgajuga INGRAM, Victorian Nat., 95: 142; pi. 1, fig. 2; pi. 2. - Terra typica: "near Black Mountain (15°40'S 145°14'E), Trevethan Range, 22 km S of Cooktown" [Queensland, Australia]. Holotype: QM J29474. 1981 Cyrtodactylus galgajuga - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 2 0 : 2 9 3 . 1 9 8 2 Cyrtodactylus galgajuga - COVACEVICH & al., Biol. Conserv., 2 2 : 2 8 4 . 1983 Cyrtodactylus galgajuga - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 156. 1983 Cyrtodactylus galgajuga - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 79. 1983 Nactus galgajuga - KLUGE, Copeia, 1983: 470. 1 9 8 4 Nactus galgajuga - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 7 . 1 9 8 3 Nactus galgajuga - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1987 Nactus galgajuga - MORITZ, Evolution, 41: 1264. 1 9 8 8 Nactus galgajuga - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 2 1 3 . 1 9 8 8 Nactus galgajuga - ULBER & GERICKE, Veröff. naturhist. Mus. Schleusingen, 3: 6 9 . 1 9 8 8 Nactus galgajuga - WISLON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 8 1 ; fig. 182. 1989 Nactus galgajuga - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 58. 1991 Nactus galgajuga - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 21. 1991 Nactus galgajuga - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Nactus galgajuga - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 251; upper fig. p. 252.

Distribution: Trevethan Range, northeast Queensland, Australia. See Map 39. References: Ecology: Ingram

1 9 7 8 ; Covacevich & al. 1 9 8 5 ; GREER 1 9 8 9 . & COGGER 1 9 8 5 ; KENNEDY 1990; MCDONALD & a l . 1 9 9 1 .

- Conservation:

EHMANN

Nactus pelagicus (GIRARD) 1851 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii DUMERIL, A.H.A. (nomen rejectum: Internat. Comm. zool. Nomencl., 1991) in DUMERIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth.., Coll. Reptil.: 44. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle-Zelande". Holotype: MNHN 5210. 1854 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - DUMERIL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9 : 255. 1856 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - DUMERIL, Arch. Mus. nat. Hist., 8: 479; pi. 17, figs. 5, 5a, 5b. 1857 Heteronota pelagica GIRARD, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 9:197. - Terra typica: "Feejee and Navigator Islands" [= Fiji and Samoa]. Syntypes: USNM 5626 (2 specimens). 1858 Heteronota pelagica - GIRARD, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herpetol.: 306; pi. 24, figs. 25-32. 1869 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 15: 48. 1869 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - SCHMELTZ, Mus. GodefTroy Cat., 4: 8.

165

1872 Gymnodactylus multicarinatus GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4)10: 421. - Terra typica: "New Hebrides (Aneitum)" [ = Anatom, Vanuatu] and "Tongatabu" [Tongatapu, Tonga]. Syntypes: BMNH 71.416.41 (6 specimens). 1874 Gymnodactylus multicarinatus - GÜNTHER, Cruise H.M.S. Cura?oa: 404; pi. 24, fig. A. 1874 Gymnodactylus (Heteronota) arfakianus MEYER, M.ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874: 129. - Terra typica: "Neu-Guinea" (restricted to Dore [ = Manokwari, Irian Jaya, Indonesia] by OBST 1977). Syntypes: MTKD 608-609 (destroyed fide OBST 1977). 1874 Gymnodactylus Arnouxi- SCHMELTZ, Mus. Godeffroy Cat., 5: 17. (incorrect subsequent spelling of Gymnodactylus arnouxii DUMERIL 1851). 1877 Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4)19: 415. 1877 Heteronota fasciata MACLEAY, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 2: 100 (non Heteronota fasciata BLYTH 1853, n o n Gymnodactylus

1877

1877 1878 1879

fasciatus

DUMERIL & BIBRON 1836). -

Terra typica:

"Hall

Sound" [Papua New Guinea]. Holotype: AMS R31934. Heteronota marmorata MACLEAY, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 2: 100. - Terra typica: "Fitzroy Island and Endeavour River" [Queensland, Australia] restricted to Fitzroy Island by KLUGE (1963 c). Lecotype: AMS R42733 (designated by KLUGE 1963 c). Heteronota eboracensis MACLEAY, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 2: 101. - Terra typica: "Cape York" [Queensland, Australia]. Lectotype: AMS R29951 (designated by KLUGE 1963 c). Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - PETERS & DORIA, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2)13: 372. Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)3: 85.

166 1879 1880 1883 1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1886 1887 1887 1888 1889 1893 1894 1895 1897 1897 1897 1898 1898 1898 1898 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1904 1905 1908 1909 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1915 1920 1920 1920 1920 1921 1926 1928 1928 1928 1928 1932 1932 1933

Gymnodactylus Arnouxi - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffroy Cat., 7: 33. Gymnodactylus Arnouxii - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 7: 48. Gymnodactylus arnouxi - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 129; pi. 22, figs. 8 , 8 a. Gymnodactylus arnouxii - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 39. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 40. Gymnodactylus cheverti BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 41 (replacement name for Hetoronota marmorata MACLEAY 1877). Gymnodactylus heteronotus BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 41 (replacement name for Heteronota fasciata MACLEAY 1877). Heteronotai? eboracensis - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 76. Gymnodactylus arnouxii - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 7: 710. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOULENGER, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, 12: 37. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - MEYER, Abh. Mus. Dresden, 1(2): 4. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersburg, (7)35(2): 52. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888: 90. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 8: 696. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil.-Samml., 1: 23. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - OUDEMANS in SEMON, Denkschr. med. naturw. Ges. Jena, 8: 132. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6)16: 28. Gymnodactylus arnouxii - LUCAS & FROST, Transact. New Zealand Inst., 29: 266. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - MEHELY, Termesz. Fiiz., 20: 404. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WAITE, Austral. Mus. Mem., 3: 179. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BROOM, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 22 [1897]: 640. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - LUCAS, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 23: 358. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BOULENGER, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, (2)18(38): 695. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WERNER, Zool. Anz., 21: 555. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WERNER, Zool. Anz., 22: 374. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - LÖNNBERG, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7)6: 575. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WERNER, Mitt. zool. Samml. Mus. Naturk. Berlin, 1(4): 7; fig. 2. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - GARMAN, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 39: 1. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WERNER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 51: 603. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - SCHNEE, Zool. Jb., Syst., 20: 390. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WAITE, Ree. Austral. Mus., 6: 14. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3: 59. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 208. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - VOGT, S.ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1911: 421. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - VOGT, S.ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1912: 2. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - VOGT, S.ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1912: 355. Gymnodactylus Cheverti - WERNER, Mitt, naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 30: 1. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - R o u x , N o v a Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 84. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BARBOUR, Proc. biol. Soc. Washington, 27: 203. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - DE ROOIJ, Reptil. Indo-Austral. Arch., 1: 6. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - STERNFELD, Abh. senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 36: 387. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 182. Gymnodactylus cheverti - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 183. Heteronota eborascensis - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 184 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Heteronota eboracensis MACLEAY 1877 = Nactus pelagicus). Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BARBOUR, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 7: 100. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - KOPSTEIN, Zool. Meded. Leiden, 9: 74. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BAKER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10)2: 298. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - HARRISON, Report Australasian Assoc. Adv. Sei., 18: 378. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 16: 154. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 16: 293. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - SCHMIDT, Field Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 18: 181. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - VOGT, S.ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1932: 281. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - HEDIGER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 44: 30.

167 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 1935 1948 1950 1954 1954 1955 1956 1956 1959 1961 1963 1963 1965 1965 1969 1973 1974 1975 1975 1977 1977 1979 1980 1980 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991

Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Med. Leiden, 17: 165. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - HEDIGER, Zool. Jb. Syst., 65: 451. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 300. Gymnodactylus arnouxii - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 18. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 37. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - ANGEL, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. (2)7: 54. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 101: 327. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - TANNER, Great Basin Natural, 10: 7. Gymnodactylus arnouxii - GUIBE, Cat. Types Lez. Coll. Mus. nation. Hist, nat.: 9. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1954: 475. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BROWN, Silliman J., 2: 88. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., ILL A: 1486. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - VOLSBE, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl., 1: 122. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - SOLEM, Fieldiana, Zool., 43: 313. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - COCHRAN, Bull. U.S. nation. Mus., 220: 116. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - KLUGE, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 14: 82. Gymnodactylus pelagicus - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 25. ? Gymnodactylus arnouxii - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 48. Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) pelagicus pelagicus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 64. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - GOLDMAN & al., Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 93: 428. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - BROWN & PARKER, Breviora, 417: 5. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - ROOM, Brit. J. Herpetol., 5: 444. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 142; fig. 378. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - MEDWAY & MARSHALL, Transact. Roy. Soc. London, Β 272: 440. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - GORHAM, J. New Brunswick Mus., 1977: 59. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - SCOTT & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 77/3: 9. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - PERNETTA & WATTLING, Pacific Sei., 32 [1978]: 238. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - MCCOY, Reptil. Solomon Isl.: 17; pi. l h . Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - ZWEIFEL, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 165: 413. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - AMERSON & al., Wildlife Amer. Samoa, II: 40. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 42. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 156; fig. 427. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 79. Νactus arnouxii - KLUGE, Copeia, 1983: 469; figs. 2 - 3 . Nactus eboracensis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. Nactus eboracensis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. Nactus arnouxii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 4th ed.: 633; fig. 427. Nactus arnouxii - COVACEVICH, Queensl. Natural, 28: 28. Nactus arnouxii - FRITH & FRITH, Austral, trop. Reptil. & Frogs: 26; fig. 27. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - KING, Austral. J. Zool., 35: 644. Nactus arnouxii - MORITZ, Evolution, 41: 1253; fig. 3. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - GILL, Ree. Auckland Inst. Mus., 25: 92. Nactus arnouxii - ULBER & GERICKE, Veröff. naturhist. Mus. Schleusingen, 3: 69. Nactus arnouxii - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 81; fig. 181. Nactus pelagicus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 54. Nactus pelagicus - ZUG & al., Atoll Res. Bull., 316: 20. Nactus pelagicus - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 47: 29. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - GILL, Ree. Auckland Inst. Mus., 27: 166. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - GILL & RINKE, Ree. Auckland Inst. Mus., 27: 176. Nactus arnouxii - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 30. Nactus pelagicus - WELCH, Liz. orient: 30. Nactus pelagicus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 21. Nactus arnouxii - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 29. Nactus arnouxii - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Cyrtodactylus pelagicus - O'SHEA, Brit, herpetol. Soc. Bull., 37: 29.

168 1991 Νactus pelagicus - ZUG, Bishop. Mus. Bull. Zool., 2: 50. 1992 Nactus pelagicus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 253; lower fig. p. 252.

Distribution: From the Kei Islands through New Guinea, Melanesia and into the central Pacific, where its distribution is incompletely known (see island lists). Also Cape York Peninsula and Mornington Island, Queensland, Australia. The type locality of Gymnodactylus arnouxii is certainly in error. KLUGE ( 1 9 8 3 ) suggested that New Caledonia was the actual collecting site of the specimen. The population on Guam is apparently extinct (RODDA & FRITTS 1 9 9 2 ) . Comments: KLUGE ( 1 9 8 3 a, 1 9 8 9 ) provided justification for the recognition of arnouxii as a senior synonym of pelagicus. See ZUG ( 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 9 ) for arguments relating to the selection of the epithet pelagicus over arnouxii. Under the plenary powers it has been ruled by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Anonymous 1991) that Heteronota pelagica has precedence over Gymnodactylus arnouxii whenever the two are considered as synonyms. Nactus pelagicus undulatus (KOPSTEIN 1 9 2 6 ) was regarded by KLUGE ( 1 9 9 1 ) as a valid subspecies, endemic to the Kei Islands, and hence extralimital. Nactus pelagicus is a composite of unisexual and bisexual populations. MORITZ & K I N G ( 1 9 8 5 ) and MORITZ ( 1 9 8 7 a) have demonstrated the chromosomal and biochemical heterogeneity currently subsumed under N. pelagicus. At least some of the synonyms included above are referrable to valid taxa and will be resurrected (G. ZUG, pers. comm.). References: Phylogeny: KLUGE 1983a; MORITZ 1987a. - Taxonomy: KLUGE 1983a; ZUG 1985, 1 9 8 9 ; INEICH 1 9 8 7 ; BAUER & VINDUM 1 9 9 0 ; BRYGOO 1 9 9 1 . - Z o o g e o g r a p h y : MORITZ 1 9 8 7 a . D i s t r i b u t i o n : BROWN 1 9 5 6 ; LIMPUS 1 9 8 2 ; INEICH 1 9 8 7 ; RODDA & a l . 1 9 9 1 ; Z U G 1991. - O s t e o l o g y : GREER 1 9 8 9 ; PREGILL 1 9 9 3 . - M o r p h o l o g y : JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973; GUNDY & WURST 1 9 7 6 ; RUSSELL 1 9 7 6 ; RIEPPEL 1 9 8 4 . - K a r y o l o g y : MORITZ & K I N G 1985; MORITZ 1 9 8 7 a . - B e h a v i o r : SCHWANER 1980; Z U G 1 9 9 1 . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : M C C O Y 1 9 8 0 ; SCHWANER 1 9 8 0 ; GIBBONS & Z U G 1 9 8 7 ; MORITZ & K I N G 1 9 8 5 ; MORITZ 1 9 8 7 a ; GREER 1 9 8 9 ; BAUER & VINDUM 1990; Z U G 1 9 9 1 . - E c o l o g y : MEDWAY & MARSHALL 1 9 7 5 ; M C C O Y 1 9 8 0 ; ZWEIFEL 1 9 8 0 ; AMERSON & a l . 1 9 8 2 ; BAUER & DEVANEY 1 9 8 7 ; INEICH 1 9 8 7 ; GREER 1989; BAUER & VINDUM 1990; GREER 1 9 9 0 ; WILES & a l 1 9 9 0 . Z U G 1 9 9 1 ; RODDA & FRITTS 1 9 9 2 . RODDA 1 9 9 2 ; PREGILL 1 9 9 3 . - B i o l o g y : HEDIGER 1 9 3 4 ; ZWEIFEL 1 9 8 0 . P a l e o n t o l o g y : PREGILL 1 9 9 3 .

Nactus vankampeni

(BRONGERSMA)

1933 Gymnodactylus vankampeni - BRONGERSMA, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10)11: 252. - Terra typica: "Northern New Guinea, from the surrounding of Modderlust" [Irian Jaya, Indonesia], Holotype: ΖΜΑ 10981. 1948 Gymnodactylus vankampeni - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 101: 327. 1954 Phyllurus vankampeni - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 474. 1965 Gymnodactylus (Underwoodisaurus) vankampeni - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 68. 1966 Gymnodactylus vankampeni - DAAN & HILLENIUS, Beaufortia, 13: 130. 1973 Cyrtodactylus vankampeni - BROWN & PARKER, Breviora, 417: 1. 1977 Cyrtodactylus vankampeni - SCOTT & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 77/3: 9. 1980 Cyrtodactylus vankampeni - ZWEIFEL, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 165: 413. 1982 Cyrtodactylus vankampeni - WHITAKER & al., Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: 42. 1983 Nactus vankampeni - KLUGE, Copeia, 1983: 469. 1987 Nactus vankampeni - MORITZ, Evolution, 41: 1264.

169

Μ

'§> I

ο mλ ~sΛο-z?·~ ΐΞ C Η Ο S

tu

170 1988 Nactus vankampeni - ULBER & GERICKE, Veröff. naturhist. Mus. Schleusingen, 3: 69. 1990 Nactus vankampeni - WELCH, Liz. Orient: 30. 1991 Nactus vankampeni

- KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 21.

Distribution: Scattered lowland localities in Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. See Map 41. References: Biology: ZWEIFEL 1980.

Naultinus

GRAY

1842 Naultinus (part) GRAY, Zool. Misc.: 72. - Species typica: Naultinus elegans GRAY 1842 (by original designation, fide MYERS 1961). 1882 Heteropholis - FISCHER, Abh. naturk. Ver. Bremen, 7: 236. - Species typica: Heteropholis rudis FISCHER 1882 (by monotypy). 1901 Naulthinus WERNER, Zool. Jb., 14: 383 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Naultinus GRAY 1842). 1961 Naultinulus CHRAPLIWY & al., Herpetologica, 17: 7 (replacement name for Naultinus GRAY 1842 [part]).

Distribution: New Zealand excluding Stewart Island. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Carphodactylini. References: P h y l o g e n y :

KLUGE 1967 b; BULL & WHITAKER 1975; BAUER 1990 a. -

Taxonomy:

M C C A N N 1 9 5 5 , 1 9 5 6 b ; CHRAPLIWY & al. 1 9 6 1 ; MEYERS 1 9 6 1 ; ROBB 1973, 1982; ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1 9 8 0 ; WHITAKER 1 9 8 2 a ; NEWMAN 1 9 8 2 a ; HITCHMOUGH 1 9 8 2 a ; MEADS 1982; THOMAS

1982b; BAUER 1990a. - Z o o g e o g r a p h y : HUTTON 1873; KLUGE 1967b; ROBB 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 8 0 a ; BAUER 1990 a. -

Distribution:

M C C A N N 1956 b ; WHITAKER 1 9 7 0 b , c, 1 9 7 6 ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a ; HITCHMOUGH

1982a; PICKARD & TOWNS 1988; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - Osteology: BAUER & RUSSELL 1 9 8 8 b . -

Mor-

p h o l o g y : CAMP 1 9 2 3 ; JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a . - B e h a v i o r : SHARELL 1966; WHITAKER 1 9 7 0 b , c; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a ; THOMAS 1 9 8 2 b . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : WHITAKER 1 9 7 0 b , c, 1 9 7 6 , WERNER 1 9 7 2 ; ROBB 1 9 7 3 ; HUME 1974, 1976; ROWLANDS 1 9 8 1 b; BLACKBURN 1982; SHINE

1985a, b; PORTER 1 9 9 2 a . -

Ecology:

SHARELL 1966; WHITAKER 1970b, c; 1976; ROBB 1973,

171 1980a. - Parasitology: HARDY 1972; ROBB 1980a; F.R. ALLISON 1982. - Conservation: Newm a n 1 9 8 2 b ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - B i o l o g y : BEST 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 2 3 ; DOWNES 1 9 3 7 ; M C C A N N 1 9 5 5 ; SHARELL 1 9 6 6 ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a , 1 9 8 6 ; THOMAS 1 9 8 2 b ; MACREDIE 1 9 8 8 ; PORTER 1 9 9 2 a .

Species Referred: Naultinus elegans GRAY 1 8 4 2 , N. gemmeus ( M C C A N N 1 9 5 5 ) , N. grayii BELL 1 8 4 3 , TV. manukanus ( M C C A N N 1 9 5 5 ) , N. poecilochlorus (ROBB 1 9 8 1 ) , Ν. rudis (FISCHER 1 8 8 2 ) , N. stellatus HUTTON 1 8 7 2 , N. tuberculatus (MCCANN 1955).

Key to the Species of Naultinus 1 V 2 2' 3 3' 4 4'

Scalation of dorsal body surface homogeneous 2 Scalation of dorsal body surface heterogeneous 3 Dome shaped scales on snout, 3 or more post-mental scales N. elegans, p. 171 Scales of snout flat, usually 2 post-mentals N. grayii, p. 175 Scales heterogeneous on body and head 4 Head and nape only with heterogeneous conical scales 5 Entire body covered by enlarged, conical scales N. rudis, p. 177 Enlarged scales only on head and along mid-dorsal line (nape and sacrum only in Stephens Island specimens) N. manukanus, p. 176 5 Scales of body generally granular 6 5' Scales of body generally conical or tuberculate 7 6 Supraciliary scales conical N. gemmeus, p. 174 6' Supriciliary scales granular N. stellatus, p. 177 7 Scales of body flattened N. tuberculatus, p. 178 Τ Scales of body pointed N. poecilochlorus, p. 176

Naultinus elegans GRAY 1842 Naultinus elegans GRAY, Zool. Misc.: 72. - Terra typica: "New Zealand, Auckland". Holotype: Β Μ Ν Η 1946.8.22.36. 1867 Naultinus elegans - STEINDACHNER (partim), Reptil. Reise Novara 1: 19. 1885 Naultinus elegans - BOULENGER (partim), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 168; pi. 14, fig. 3. 1897 Naultinus elegans - LUCAS & FROST (partim), Transact. New Zealand Inst., 29: 267. 1905 Naultinus elegans - HUTTON & DRUMMOND (partim), Anim. New Zealand: 341. 1905 Naultinus grayi - HUTTON & DRUMMOND (partim), Anim. New Zealand: 341. 1905 Naultinus elegans - RosfeN, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7)16: 130. 1908 Naultinus elegans - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3: 60. 1929 Naultinus elegans - MARTIN (partim), New Zealand Nat. Book: 160. 1933 Naultinus elegans - SMITH, Ree. Ind. Mus., 31: 13. 1934 Naultinus elegans - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17: 165. 1954 Naultinus elegans - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 477. 1956 Naultinus elegans - MCCANN, Proc. New Zealand Ecol. Soc., 4: 15. 1961 Naultinulus elegans - CHRAPLIWY & al. (partim), Herpetologica, 17: 7. 1961 Naultinus elegans - MYERS (partim), Herpetologica, 17: 169. 1965 Naultinus elegans - WERMUTH (partim), Das Tierreich, 80: 110. 1966 Naultinus elegans - SHARELL (partim), Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 48; pis. 2 0 - 2 4 . 1967 Naultinus elegans - KLUGE (partim), J. Zool., 15: 1013. 1982 Naultinus elegans - THOMAS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv. Occ. Publ., 2: 336. 1982 Naultinus elegans - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 218; pi. 7, fig. 1. 1990 Naultinus elegans - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 128; fig. 48. 1991 Naultinus elegans - KLUGE, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: North Island (except Northland), New Zealand. See Map. 42.

172

Comments: The two subspecies recognized differ primarily in color pattern, size at maturity and maximum size, and perhaps in parameters of life history. The "forms" recognized by MCCANN ( 1 9 5 5 ) were not proposed as subspecies, rather they were explicitly described as color variants only, without taxonomic status. References: T a x o n o m y : BULLER 1872; ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1980; HITCHMOUGH 1982 a. - D i s t r i b u t i o n : DIRK 1980, 1981; ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1980; OGLE 1981; HITCHMOUGH 1982 a ; MCCALLUM 1 9 8 2 a ; MCCALLUM & HARKER 1982; PICKARD & TOWNS 1988; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . O s t e o l o g y : STEPHENSON & STEPHENSON 1956; HOLDER 1960; STEPHENSON 1960. - M o r p h o l o g y : CALVERT 1954; KLUGE 1967 a ; UNDERWOOD 1970; GUNDY & WURST 1976; KLUGE 1976; RIEPPEL 1984. - B e h a v i o r : ROBB 1 9 8 0 a , 1986; WELDON & al. 1993. R e p r o d u c t i o n : COLENSO 1887; GADOW 1901; ROWLANDS 1979, 1 9 8 1 b ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a , 1986. - E c o l o g y : CALVERT 1954; MCCANN 1955; SHARELL 1966; BULL & WHITAKER 1975; TAYLOR 1976; ROBB 1980 a, 1986. - B i o l o g y : WERMUTH 1975; PETERS 1988.

Key to the subspecies of Naultinus elegans Subdigital surfaces greyish green in life; maximum size to 75 mm SVL (northern North Island of New Zealand) N.e. elegans, p. 172 Subdigital surfaces yellow in life; maximum size to 95 mm SVL (southern North Island of New Zealand) N.e. punctatus, p. 173

Naultinus elegans elegans

GRAY

1842 Naultinus elegans GRAY, Zool. Misc.: 72. - Terra typica: "New Zealand, Auckland". Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.22.36. 1843 Naultinus elegans - GRAY in DIEFFENBACH, Trav. New Zealand, 2: 203. 1845 Naultinus elegans - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 169. 1851 Gymnodactylus Elegans - DUM£RIL, A. H.A. in DUMERIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 43. 1854 Gymnodactylus Elegans - DuMfiRlL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9: 254. 1856 Gymnodactylus elegans - DUM£RIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 477; pi. 18, fig. 14. 1861 Hoplodactylus elegans - FITZINGER, S.ber. Österr. Akad. Wiss., math.-nat. KL., 42: 400. 1867 Naultinus elegans - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6. 1871 Naultinus elegans - BULLER, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 3: 7; pi. 2, fig. 1. 1871 Naultinus sulphureus BULLER, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 3: 8. - Terra typica: "Rotorua, North Island" [New Zealand] (HUTTON 1872 stated that the true type locality was "Maketu", BULLER 1872 maintained that the "Hot Springs" [= Rotorua] was correct). Holotype: NMNZ? 1872 Naultinus elegans - HUTTON, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 4: 170. 1872 Naultinus sulphureus - HUTTON, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 4: 172. 1875 Naultinus elegans - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17. 1955 Naultinus elegans form elegans-MCCANN (partim), Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 31;pl. 2, figs. 8 14. 1955 Naultinus elegans form sulphureus - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 31. 1955 Naultinus elegans form ocellatus MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 31. 1966 Naultinus sulphureus - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 48; pis. 26-27. 1980 Naultinus elegans elegans - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 61; pis. 11 (bottom left), 13 (top and middle). 1980 Naultinus elegans elegans - ROBB & HITCHMOUGH, Ree. Auckland Mus., 16: 192; figs. 1 - 2 , 5. 1982 Naultinus elegans elegans - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife. Serv. Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans elegans - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1985 Naultinus elegans elegans - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 20; fig. p. 20. 1985 Naultinus elegans elegans - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6; figs. 1, 3.

173 1985 Naultinus elegans - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 63. 1986 Naultinus elegans elegans - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 46; fig. 47. 1986 Naultinus elegans elegans - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed.: 62; pi. 13.

Distribution: Northern Portion of the North Island, New Zealand (exclusive of Northland), and associated offshore islands. See Map 42. Naultinus elegans punctatus

GRAY

1843 Naultinus punctatus GRAY in DIEFFENBACH, Trav. New Zealand, 2:204. - Terra typica: "New Zealand". Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.22.38. 1845 Naultinus punctatus - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 170. 1856 Gymnodactylus punctatus - DUM£RIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 472. 1858 Naultinus punctatus - GIRARD, U.S. Explor. Exped.: 309; pi. 16, figs. 17-6. 1861 Hoplodactylus punctatus - FITZINGER, S.ber. österr. Akad. Wiss., math.-nat. Kl., 42: 400.

Map 42. Distribution of North Island Naultinus. - N. elegans elegans = closed circle (1 - type locality of Naultinus e.; 2 - type locality of Naultinus sulphureus); N. elegans punctatus = closed triangle (type locality of Naultinus pentagonalis not located precisely); N. grayii = closed square. - Type locality of N. grayii indicated by circled star.

174 1867 Naultinus punctatus - STEINDACHNER, Reptil. Reise Novara 1: 20. 1867 Naultinus punctatus - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6. 1871 Naultinus punctatus - BULLER, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 3: 8. 1 8 7 2 Naultinus punctatus - HUTTON (partim), Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 4: 171. 1875 Naultinus punctatus - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17. 1880 Naultinus pentagonalis COLENSO, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 12: 262. - Terra typica: "Hampden" [Hawke Bay district, North Island, New Zealand]. Syntypes: not located. 1955 Naultinus elegans form punctatus - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 31. 1980 Naultinus elegans pentagonalis - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 62; pi. 13 (bottom). 1980 Naultinus elegans punctatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 70. 1 9 8 0 Naultinus elegans punctatus - ROBB & HITCHMOUGH, Ree. Auckland Mus., 16: 193. 1982 Naultinus elegans punctatus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans punctatus - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1985 Naultinus elegans punctatus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 20. 1985 Naultinus elegans punctatus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6; fig. 4. 1 9 8 5 Naultinus punctatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 6 3 . 1986 Naultinus elegans punctatus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand; 46; fig. p. 47. 1986 Naultinus elegans punctatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed.: 63. 1988 Naultinus elegans punctatus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 30. 1991 Naultinus elegans punctatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: Southern portion of the North Island, New Zealand. See Map 42.

Naultinus gemmeus (MCCANN) 1869 Naultinus lineatus GRAY, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4)3: 243 (nomen oblitum). - Terra typica: "Otraroa [= Akaroa] in Canterbury [South Island] New Zealand". Holotype: ΒΜΝΗ, not located. 1875 Naultinus lineatus - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17. 1884 Naultinus lineatus - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 7: 296. 1897 Naultinus elegans - LUCAS & FROST (partim), Transact. New Zealand Inst., 2 9 : 267. 1901 Naulthinus elegans - WERNER, Zool. Jb., 14: 383 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Naultinus elegans GRAY 1842; nec Naultinus elegans GRAY 1842). 1932 Naultinus elegans - BURT & BURT, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 63: 509 (nec Naultinus elegans GRAY 1842). 1955 Heteropholis gemmeus MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 63; figs. 9,10. Terra typica: "Rangiora, [South Island] New Zealand". Holotype: CMC 250. 1965 Naultinus elegans - WERMUTH (partim), Das Tierreich, 8 0 : 110. 1965 Heteropholis gemmeus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 91. 1966 Heteropholis gemmeus - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 50; pi. 40. 1967 Heteropholis gemmeus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1014. 1980 Heteropholis gemmeus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 65; pis. 17-18. 1982 Heteropholis gemmeus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans gemmeus - MEADS, New Zealand Herpetol.: 324. 1982 Naultinus gemmeus - THOMAS, New Zealand Herpetol.: 336. 1985 Heteropholis gemmeus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 17; fig. p. 17. 1985 Heteropholis gemmeus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6. 1 9 8 5 Heteropholis gemmeus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 6 3 . 1986 Naultinus elegans gemmeus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 48; fig. 49. 1986 Heteropholis gemmeus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed.: 66; pis. 17-18. 1988 Heteropholis gemmeus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 32. 1990 Naultinus gemmeus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 131. 1991 Naultinus gemmeus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: (Three disjunct populations) Banks Peninsula and the Canter-

175

bury Plains; Otago Peninsula and the surrounding coastal regions; Mount Cook, South Island, New Zealand. See Map 43. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : MEADS 1 9 8 2 . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : THOMAS 1 9 8 2 a ; PICKARD & TOWNS 1988; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - B e h a v i o r : M C C A N N 1955; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a , 1 9 8 6 . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : ROBB 1 9 8 0 a ,

1986; ROWLANDS 1981b. -

Ecology: THOMAS 1982a.

Naultinus grayii

BELL

1843 Naultinus Grayii BELL, Zool. Voy. H . M . S . Beagle: 27; pi. 16, fig. 2. - Terra typica: "Bay of Islands, [North Island] New Zealand". Holotype: B M N H 1946.9.8.16. 1845 Naultinus Grayii - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 170. 1856 Gymnodactylus Grayii - D I ^ R I L , Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 472. 1858 Naultinus graii - GIRARD, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herpetol.: 309 (incorrect subsequent spelling o f Naultinus

grayii

BELL 1 8 4 3 ) .

1861 Hoplodactylus grayi - FITZINGER, S.ber. österr. Akad. Wissen., math.-nat. Kl., 42: 400 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Naultinus grayii BELL 1843). 1867 Naultinus Grayii - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6. 1871 Naultinus grayii - BULLER, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 3: 7. 1872 Naultinus punctatus - HUTTON (partim), Transact. Roc. New Zealand Inst., 4: 171. 1875 Naultinus grayi - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17. 1885 Naultinus elegans - BOULENGER (partim), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 168. 1897 Naultinus elegans - LUCAS & FROST (partim), Transact. New Zealand Inst., 29: 267. 1899 Naultinus grayi - DENDY, Transact. New Zealand Inst., 31: 730. 1905 Naultinus grayi - HUTTON & DRUMMOND (partim), Anim. New Zealand: 341, fig. p. 342. 1929 Naultinus Grayi - MARTIN, New Zealand Nat. Book., 1: 162. 1955 Naultinus elegans form elegans (partim) - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 31. 1961 Naultinulus elegans - CHRRAPLIWY & al. (partim), Herpetologica, 17: 7. 1961 Naultinus elegans - MYERS (partim), Herpetologica, 17: 169. 1965 Naultinus elegans - WERMUTH (partim), Das Tierreich, 80: 110. 1966 Naultinus elegans - SHARELL (partim), Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 48. 1967 Naultinus elegans - KLUGE (partim), Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1013. 1980 Naultinus simpsoni ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 62; pis. 14, 15 (top), 32 (nomen nudum). 1980 Naultinus grayi - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 70. 1980 Naultinus grayi - ROBB & HITCHMOUGH, Ree. Auckland Mus., 16: 195; figs. 3 - 4 , 6. 1982 Naultinus grayi - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans grayi - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1982 Naultinus grayi - THOMAS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ., Publ., 2: 336. 1985 Naultinus grayi - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 20; fig. p. 20. 1985 Naultinus grayi - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand; 6; figs. 2, 5. 1985 Naultinus grayi - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 63. 1986 Naultinus elegans grayi - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 46. 1986 Naultinus grayi-ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed.: 63; pi. 14,15 (top), 32 (top). 1988 Naultinus grayi - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 30. 1988 Naultinus grayii - BAUER, New Zealand J. Zool., 14: 593. 1990 Naultinus grayii - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 131; fig. 50. 1991 Naultinus grayii - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: Northland, north of Whangaroa, North Island, New Zealand. See Map 42. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1980, HITCHMOUGH 1 9 8 2 a . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1980; HITCHMOUGH 1 9 8 2 a ; TOWNS & ROBB 1 9 8 6 ; PICKARD & TOWNS 1 9 8 8 ; BAUER

1990a. -

Behavior: ROBB 1980a, 1986; HITCHMOUGH 1982b. -

Reproduction:

DENDY 1899;

176 ROBB & HITCHMOUGH 1980; ROWLANDS 1981 a; HITCHMOUGH 1982 b. ROBB 1980a, 1986; MCCALLUM 1981; HITCHMOUGH 1982b; WHITAKER

Naultinus manukanus

Ecology: SHARELL 1966; 1987a.

(MCCANN)

1955 Heteropholis manukanus MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 59; pl.4, figs.7-11). - Terra typica: "Marlborough Sounds" [South Island, New Zealand]. Holotype: N M N Z R238. 1955 Naultinus elegans (partim) - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 29. 1965 Heteropholis manukanus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 91. 1966 Heteropholis manukanus - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 75; pis. 25, 39. 1967 Heteropholis manukanus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1014. 1980 Heteropholis manukanus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 68; pi. 32. 1982 Heteropholis manukanus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans manukanus - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 234. 1982 Naultinus rudis - THOMAS (partim), New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 338. 1985 Heteropholis manukanus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 17; fig. p. 17. 1985 Heteropholis manukanus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6. 1 9 8 5 Heteropholis manukanus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 6 3 . 1986 Naultinus elegans manukanus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 48. 1 9 8 8 Heteropholis manukanus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 31. 1990 Naultinus manukanus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 133; fig. 52. 1991 Naultinus manukanus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: Marlborough Sounds, South Island; Stephens Island and D'Urville Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand. See Map 43. Comments: THOMAS (1982 b) regarded this taxon as a synonym of Naultinus rudis on the basis that the two named formed were joined by a cline. Although we regard Naultinus manukanus as a valid species, THOMAS' observation highlights the apparent recency of diversification within the genus and the difficulty of reconciling "speciation in progress" with traditional binominal nomenclature. References: Taxonomy: BULL & WHITAKER 1975; THOMAS 1928 b; MEADS 1982. - Distribution: BUCKINGHAM & ELLIOT 1979; PICKARD & TOWNS 1988; BAUER 1990a. - Behavior: WALLS 1983. - Reproduction: ROWLANDS 1981a. - Ecology: WERNER & WHITAKER 1978; ROBB 1980a, 1986. - Conservation: ROBB 1980 a, 1986.

Naultinus poecilochlorus

(ROBB)

1980 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 67; pi. 19. - Terra typica: "Lewis Pass" [South Island, New Zealand]. Holotype: N M N Z R1862. 1980 Heteropholis poecilochlorus ROBB, Ree. nation. Mus. New Zealand, 1: 309; fig. 1C. 1982 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 304. 1982 Naultinus elegans poecilochlorus - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1985 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 17; fig. p. 17. 1985 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6. 1 9 8 5 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 6 3 . 1986 Naultinus elegans poecilochlorus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 48; fig. p. 49. 1988 Heteropholis poecilochlorus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 31. 1990 Naultinus poecilochlorus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 135. 1991 Naultinus poecilochlorus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Distribution: Lewis Pass, south Nelson and north Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. See Map 43.

177 References: Taxonomy: NEWMAN 1980; M C D O W A L L 1981. - Distribution: BAUER 1990 a. - Behavior: ROBB 1980a, b, 1986. - Reproduction: Robb, 1980b; ROWLANDS 1981a. - Ecology!" ROBB 1 9 8 0 b ; HENLE 1 9 8 1 .

Naultinus rudis

(FISCHER)

1882 Heteropholis rudis FISCHER, Abh. naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, 7: 236; pi. 16, figs. 1 - 5 . typica: "Neuseeland". Holotype: BMNH 1 9 4 6 . 8 . 2 2 . 3 7 . 1885 Naultinus rudis - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 170. 1 8 9 7 Naultinus rudis - LUCAS & FROST, Transact. New Zealand Inst., 29: 2 7 0 . 1 9 0 5 Naultinus rudis - HUTTON & DRUMMOND, Anim. New Zealand: 3 4 0 . 1929 Naultinus rudis - MARTIN, New Zealand Nat. Book, 1: 162. 1955 Heteropholis rudis - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. bull., 17: 57; pis. 4, figs. 1 - 6 , 5. 1965 Heteropholis rudis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 91. 1966 Heteropholis rudis - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 75. 1967 Heteropholis rudis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1014. 1980 Heteropholis rudis - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 69; pis. 20-21. 1982 Heteropholis rudis - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans rudis - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1982 Naultinus rudis - THOMAS (partim), New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 336. 1985 Heteropholis rudis - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 18; fig. p. 18. 1985 Heteropholis rudis - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6. 1 9 8 5 Heteropholis rudis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 6 3 . 1986 Naultinus elegans rudis - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 48. 1 9 8 8 Heteropholis rudis - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 3 2 . 1990 Naultinus rudis - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 136; fig. 54. 1991 Naultinus rudis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22.

Terra

Distribution: Northeastern part of the South Island (parts of Nelson, Marlborough, and Canterbury provinces), New Zealand. See Map 43. Comments: See Naultinus manukanus. References: Taxonomy: THOMAS 1982 b; MEADS 1982. - Reproduction: ROBB 1980 b; 1981a. - Ecology: WERNER & WHITAKER 1978; ROBB 1980a, b, 1986.

Naultinus stellatus

ROWLANDS

HUTTON

1872 Naultinus elegans stellatus HUTTON, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 4[1871]: 171. - Terra typica: "Near the top of Mount Arthur, in the province of Nelson"[New Zealand], Holotype: MNNZ "not available" (fide M C C A N N 1955, but listed by HUTTON 1872 as being in the Nelson Museum). Neotype: N M N Z R458 designated by M C C A N N 1955. Neotype Locality: "Lake Rotoiti, Nelson District" [South Island, New Zealand]. 1877 Naultinus pulcherrimus BULLER, Transact. Proc. New Zealand Inst., 9: 326; pi. 17 (top and middle). - Terra typica: "One of the Nelson and Foxhill railway stations, in the Waimea District" [South Island, New Zealand]. Holotype: NMNZ, "not available" (fide McCann 1955). 1 8 9 7 Naultinus elegans - LUCAS & FROST (partim), Transact. New Zealand Inst., 29: 2 6 7 . 1 9 0 5 Naultinus elegans - HUTTON & DRUMMOND (partim), Anim. New Zealand: 3 4 1 . 1955 Heteropholis stellatus - MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 66; pi. 7, figs. 1 - 7 ; pi. 8. 1965 Heteropholis stellatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 91. 1966 Heteropholis stellatus - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 50; pis. 41-42. 1967 Heteropholis stellatus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1014. 1980 Heteropholis stellatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 64; pis. 16-17. 1982 Heteropholis stellatus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 203. 1982 Naultinus elegans stellatus - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324.

178 1982 1985 1985 1985 1986 1986 1988 1990 1991

Naultinus stellatus - THOMAS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 336. Heteropholis stellatus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 17; fig. p. 17. Heteropholis stellatus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz New Zealand: 6. Heteropholis stellatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 63. Naultinus elegans stellatus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. Ν. New Zealand: 48; fig. 48. Heteropholis stellatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed.: 65; pis. 16-17. Heteropholis stellatus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 31. Naultinus stellatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 137; fig. 137. Naultinus stellatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv. 85: 22.

Distribution: Nelson Lakes district and Maitai Valley, Nelson Province, South Island, New Zealand. See Map 43. R e f e r e n c e s : D i s t r i b u t i o n : BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - O s t e o l o g y : GILL 1 9 8 5 . - B e h a v i o r : BULLER 1 8 7 7 ; MAINWARING 1 9 7 9 ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 b . R e p r o d u c t i o n : ROWLANDS 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 a ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 b . - E c o l o g y : ROBB 1 9 8 0 b . - P a r a s i t e s : ROWLANDS 1 9 8 1 b .

Naultinus tuberculatus

(MCCANN)

1955 Heteropholis tuberculatus MCCANN, Dominion Mus. Bull., 17: 61. - Terra typica: "Westland, South Island" [New Zealand], Holotype: CMC 199. 1965 Heteropholis tuberculatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 92. 1966 Heteropholis tuberculatus - SHARELL, Tuatara, Liz. & Frogs New Zealand: 75. 1967 Heteropholis tuberculatus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1014. 1980 Heteropholis tuberculatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil.: 63; pi. 15. 1982 Heteropholis tuberculatus - NEWMAN, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 303. 1982 Naultinus elegans tuberculatus - MEADS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 324. 1982 Naultinus tuberculatus - THOMAS, New Zealand Wildlife Serv., Occ. Publ., 2: 336. 1985 Heteropholis tuberculatus - BARNETT, New Zealand Wild: 17; fig. p. 17. 1985 Heteropholis tuberculatus - TOWNS, Field Guide Liz. New Zealand: 6. 1985 Heteropholis tuberculatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 63. 1986 Naultinus elegans tuberculatus - GILL, Frogs & Reptil. New Zealand: 48. 1986 Heteropholis tuberculatus - ROBB, New Zealand Amphib. & Reptil., revis. ed. 64; pi. 15. 1988 Heteropholis tuberculatus - PICKARD & TOWNS, Atlas Amphib. & Reptil. New Zealand: 32. 1990 Naultinus tuberculatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 138. 1991 Naultinus tuberculatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv. 85: 22.

Distribution: Northwestern region of the south Island (parts of Nelson and Westland), New Zealand. See Map 43. References: D i s t r i b u t i o n : BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - B e h a v i o r : 1 9 8 0 b ; ROWLANDS 1 9 8 1 a . - E c o l o g y : ROBB 1 9 8 0 b .

Nephrurus

ROBB 1 9 8 0 b . -

Reproduction:

ROBB

GÜNTHER

1843 Anomalurus FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 18 (non Anomalurus WATERHOUSE 1843 = Mammalia). - Species typica: Gymnodactylus Miliusii DUMERIL & BIBRON 1836 ( = Nephrurus milii [BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT 1 8 2 3 ] ) ( b y o r i g i n a l d e s i g n a t i o n ) .

1876 Nephrurus GÜNTHER, J. Mus. Godeffroy, 5:46. - Species typica: Nephrurus asper GÜNTHER 1876 (by monotypy). 1965 Underwoodisaurus WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80:ix (replacement name for Anomalurus FITZINGER 1 8 4 3 ) .

1976 Nephrus GUNDY & WURST, J. Herpetol., 10:115 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Nephrurus GÜNTHER 1 8 7 6 ) .

179

Map 43. Distribution of South Island Naultinus. - N. gemmeus = solid circle (1 - type locality of Naultinus lineatus; 2 - type locality of Heteropholis gemmeus). - N. manukanus = open square. - N. poecilochlorus = closed triangle. - N. rudis = open circle. - N. stellatus = closed square (1 type locality of Naultinus elegans stellatus; 2 - type locality of N. pulcherrimus). - N. tuberculatus = open triangle. - Type localities for taxa other than N. gemmeus and N. stellatus indicated by circled stars.

Distribution: Throughout Australia except southern Victoria and immediately adjacent parts of South Australia and New South Wales. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Carphodactylini. References: Phylogeny:

KLUGE 1967 b; K I N G 1987 a, b; BAUER 1990 a. - Taxonomy: STORR 1963; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983. - Zoogeography: KLUGE 1967b; PIANKA 1972; K I N G 1987a; BAUER 1990a. - Distribution: COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983; BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1 9 6 0 ; KLUGE 1 9 6 7 b ; BELLAIRS & KAMAL 1 9 8 1 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a ; GREER 1989. - Morphology: CAMP 1923; JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973; K L U G E 1983b; BAUER & RUSSELL 1988 a, 1991c; RUSSELL & BAUER 1988 a. - Karyology: MATTHEY 1949; K I N G 1977 b; 1987 a, b. - Behavior: BUSTARD 1967 a, 1979. - Ecology: PIANKA 1972, 1986; PIANKA & PIANKA 1976; BAUER 1990b. - Biology: DELEAN 1982; PETERS 1987; PORTER 1992b.

180

Species Referred: Nephrurus asper GÜNTHER 1 8 7 6 , Ν. deleani HARVEY 1 9 8 3 , N. laevissimus MERTENS 1 9 5 8 , Ν. levis DE VIS 1 8 8 6 , Ν. milii (BOR Υ DE SAINTVINCENT 1 8 2 5 ) , N. sphyrurus (OGILBY 1 8 9 2 ) , N. stellatus STORR 1 9 6 8 , N. vertebralis STORR 1 9 6 3 , N. wheeleri LOVERIDGE 1 9 3 2 . Key to the Species of Nephrurus 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8'

Subdigital surface lamellate 2 Subdigital surface spinose 3 Anterior loreals minute N. milii, p. 187 Anterior loreals only slightly smaller than posterior N. sphyrurus, p. 189 Entire dorsum covered by sets of conical scales surrounded by rosettes of smaller conical scales 4 Body without conical tubercles and rosettes 5 8 interorbital scales, preocular scales not enlarged N. asper, p. 180 6 or fewer interorbital scales, vertical series of enlarged, tubercular preocular scales N. wheeleri, p. 191 Flanks (and most of dorsum) smooth N. laevissimus, p. 182 Flanks and dorsum with scattered small tubercles 6 Anterior face of forearm with scattered, enlarged conical tubercles ( > 2 χ neighboring scales) 7 Anterior face of forearm with small, flattened tuberclus 8 Mental rectangular, posterior dorsal tubercles surrounded by rosettes of slightly enlarged scales N. deleani, p. 182 Mental hemispherical, scales of rosettes not enlarged N. stellatus, p. 190 Skin of ventral surface of articular region of jaw with scattered, enlarged tubercles N. levis, p. 183 Skin of ventral surface of articular region of jaw with few or no enlarged tubercles N. vertebraüs, p. 190

Nephrurus asper

GÜNTHER

1876 Nephrurus asper GÜNTHER, J. Mus. Godeffroy, 5:46. - Terra typica: "Peak Downs" [Queensland, Australia]. Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.23.34. 1877 Nephrurus asper - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffroy Cat., 6:10. 1885 Nephrurus asper - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1:9; pi. 1. 1898 Nephrurus asper - BROOM, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 22 [1897]:640. 1908 Nephrurus asper - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3:58. 1 9 0 9 Nephrurus asper - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 2 0 5 ; fig. p. 2 0 5 . 1 9 1 3 Nephrurus asper - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K . Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 5 2 ( 3 ) : 4 . 1918 Nephrurus asper - LONGMAN, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 6:37. 1 9 2 0 Nephrurus asper - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1 : 1 8 2 . 1925 Nephrurus asper - STERNFELD, Abh. Senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 38:227. 1 9 3 4 Nephrurus asper - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 7 7 : 2 9 7 . 1 9 5 4 Nephrurus asper - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1 2 4 : 4 7 7 . 1955 Nephrurus asper - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4:175. 1961 Nephrurus asper - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 10. 1963 Nephrurus asper - STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46:85; fig. 2 (bottom left). 1963 Nephrurus asper - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 26; pi. 10. 1 9 6 5 Nephrurus asper - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 8 0 : 1 1 1 . 1967 Nephrurus asper - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: 24. 1967 Nephrurus asper - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15:1017. 1970 Nephrurus asper - FRAUCA & FRAUCA, Wildlife Encycl.: 43; fig. p. 43.

181 1973 1975 1976 1979 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981

1983 1983 1984 1985 1985 1987 1987 1988

1988 1989 1989

1990 1990 1990 1991

Nephrurus asper - DALE, Forty Queensl. Liz.: 30; fig. p. 31. Nephrurus asper - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 165; fig. p. 164; figs. 74, 407. Nephrus asper - GUNDY & WURST, J. Herpetol., 10:115. Nephrurus asper - MCPHEE, Observ. Book Snakes & Liz. Austral. 94; pi. 33. Nephrurus asper - COGGER, Proc. Melbourne Herpetol. Symp.: 153. Nephrurus asper - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3:14. Nephrurus asper - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3:17. Nephrurus asper - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20:300. Nephrurus asper - SMITH & JOHNSTONE, Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 2 2 0 . Nephrurus asper - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 184; fig. p. 183; figs. 82, 456. Nephrurus asper - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1:94. Nephrurus asper - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1:77. Nephrurus asper - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral. 103; fig. p. 103. Nephrurus asper - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1:13. Nephrurus asper - COVACEVICH, Queensl. Natural., 28:28. Nephrurus asper - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 14; pi. 22. Nephrurus asper - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 2 1 8 ; fig. 7 4 . Nephrurus asper - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 82; fig. 183. Nephrurus asper - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55; fig. 36. Nephrurus asper - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 7 4 ; figs. 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 . Nephrurus asper - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral. 3 : 6 3 ; pi. 12, fig. 1. Nephrurus asper - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30:141; fig. 58. Nephrurus asper - SADLIER, Tech. Mem. Supervis. Sei. Alligator Rivers Reg., 32:16; pi. 10. Nephrurus asper - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 8 5 : 2 2 .

114°

132*

>28*

Map 44. Distribution of Nephrurus. - N. asper = open triangle. - N. milii = closed circle (1 type locality of Phyllurus milii; 2 - type locality of Gymnodactylus asper, 3 - type locality of Underwoodisaurus husbandi). - N. sphyrurus = open circle. - N. wheeleri wheeleri = open square. - N. w. cinctus = closed square. - type localities of taxa other than N. milii indicated by circled star.

182 Nephrurus asper - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 3 5 6 . 1992 Nephrurus asper - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 254; figs. p. 254. 1991

Distribution: Most of northern Australia from the Kimberleys in Western Australia, across the length of the Northern Territory to northern and central Queensland, approaching the coast near Townsville and Rockhampton. See Map 44. References: Distribution: BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: HOLDER 1960; STEPHENSON 1960; GREER 1989. - Morphology: GADOW 1901; G U N D Y & WURST 1976; BAUER & RUSSELL 1988 a; RUSSELL & BAUER 1988 a. - Behavior: LONGMAN 1918; WAITE 1929; MERTENS 1946; BUSTARD 1967 a, 1979; Gow 1979; GREER 1989. - Reproduction: Gow 1979; ANNABLE 1992; PORTER 1992 b; BEDFORD & CHRISTIAN 1993. . - Ecology: BROOM 1898; LONGMAN 1918; WAITE 1929; Gow 1 9 7 9 ; COGGER 1 9 8 1 ; DELEAN 1 9 8 2 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a .

Nephrurus deleani

HARVEY

Nephrurus vertebralis - COGGER (partim), Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 2nd ed.: 1 6 6 . 1983 Nephrurus deleani HARVEY, Transact. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., 107:232;figs.2, 3. - Terra typica: "44 km south-east of Pimba, S.A. (31°31'S 137° 08Έ)" [Australia]. Holotype: SAMA R21868. 1 9 8 4 Nephrurus deleani - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1 : 7 7 . 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus deleani - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1 : 1 3 . 1986 Nephrurus deleani - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 4th ed.: 637. 1988 Nephrurus deleani - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 82; fig. 184. 1989 Nephrurus deleani - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 75. 1990 Nephrurus deleani - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30:143; fig. 60. 1 9 9 1 Nephrurus deleani - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 8 5 : 2 2 . 1992 Nephrurus deleani - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 255; fig. p. 255. 1979

Distribution: Region of Pernatty Lagoon, south-central South Australia. See Map 45. References: Taxonomy: HARVEY 1983. - Distribution: DELEAN 1982; HARVEY 1983; BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: BAUER 1990 a. - Morphology: BAUER 1990 a. - Behavior: DELEAN 1982. - Reproduction: DELEAN & HARVEY 1984; PORTER 1992b. - Ecology: DELEAN 1982; HARVEY 1983.

Nephrurus laevissimus

MERTENS

1924 Nephrurus levis (part) - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 14: 166; fig. 4. 1958 Nephrurus laevissimus MERTENS, Senckenberg. biol., 39: 51; pi. 3, fig. 4. - Terra typica: "Dünen etwa 2 km NW des Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Zentral-Australien". Holotype: SMF 53201.

1963 1963 1965 1967 1967 1975 1979 1981 1983 1984

Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus 1 9 8 8 Nephrurus 1989 Nephrurus

laevissimus - STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 89; fig. 2 (bottom right). laevissimus - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral: 26. laevissimus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 111. laevissimus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. laevissimus - MERTENS, Senckenberg. biol., 48: 56. laevissimus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 165; fig. p. 164. laevissimus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 2nd ed.: 165; fig. p. 164; fig. 788. laevissimus - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3: 14. laevissimus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 94. laevissimus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. laevissimus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. laevissimus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 82; fig. 1 8 5 . laevissimus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55.

183 1989 1990 1990 1991

Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus 1 9 9 1 Nephrurus 1992 Nephrurus

laevissimus laevissimus laevissimus laevissimus laevissimus laevissimus -

HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 74; fig. 178. STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral. 3: 64;pl. 13, fig. 3. BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 145. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 3 5 6 . COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 256; upper fig. p. 257.

Distribution: Sandridge regions throughout the arid zone of interior Western Australia, western South Australia and southwestern Northern Territory. See Map 45. References: Taxonomy: COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a. Osteology: GREER 1989. - Physiology: HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1987. - Reproduction: PIANKA 1986; HENLE 1991. - Ecology: PIANKA & PIANKA 1976; DELEAN & HARVEY 1981; PIANKA 1986; HENLE 1991. - Parasitology: JONES, 1985; BAKER 1987.

Map 45. Distribution of Nephrurus. - N. deleani = closed triangle. - N. laevissimus = closed circle. - N. stellatus = open circle. - N. vertebralis = closed square. - Type localities indicated by circled star.

Nephrurus levis DE VIS 1886 Nephrurus levis DE VIS, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, (2)1: 168. - Terra typica: not given ("Chinchilla, SE Queensland, Australia"; fide COVACEVICH 1971). Holotype: QM J246. 1887 Nephrurus laevis - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 344 (unjustified emendation of Nephrurus levis DE Vis 1886). 1887 Nephrurus platyurus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 478. 1 9 0 9 Nephrurus laevis - LUCAS & LE SOUEF (partim), Anim. Austral.: 2 0 5 .

184 1910 1913 1920 1924 1925 1929 1934 1950 1954 1955 1961 1963 1963 1965 1967 1970 1971 1975 1976 1981 1981 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1988 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992

Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus

platyurus - WERNER, F a u n a Süd west-Austral., 2: 451; fig. 1. platyurus - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 52(3): 4. levis - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 182. laevis - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 14: 166. laevis - STERNFELD, Abh. senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 38: 228. levis - WAITE, Reptil. & Amphib. S. Austral.: 69; fig. 36. laevis - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. ZooL, 77: 296. laevis - BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 29. laevis - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 477. laevis - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 176; fig. 2. laevis - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 10; fig. 3(2). levis levis - STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 87; fig. 2, middle right. laevis - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 26; pi. 10. levis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 111. laevis - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: pi. 5. laevis - DAVEY, Austral. Liz.: 35. levis - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 13: 54. levis - COGGER, Amphib. & Reptil. Austral.: 165; fig. p. 165; figs. 75, 408. levis - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 17; pi. 24. levis - BUSH, Reptil. Kalgoorlie: 13; fig. 11. levis - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. levis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 184; fig. p. 183; figs. 83, 457. levis - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 94. levis - COGGER, Austral. Colour, 2nd ed.: pi. 5. levis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. levis - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 273. levis - SCHWANER & al., Nat. Hist. Eyre Penins.: 164. levis - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 218; fig. 75. levis - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 53; fig. 36. laevis - INGRAM, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 28: 19. levis - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 65. levis - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 146; fig. 63. levis - SWAN, Field Guike Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 25; fig. p. 25. levis - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. laevis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. levis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 256; middle fig. p. 257.

Distribution: Most of arid and semi-arid central Australia west of the Great Dividing Range. Absent from the southwest and northeast of Western Australia, humid regions of southeastern and east coastal Australia and from the tropical north. See Map 46. Comments: INGRAM ( 1 9 9 0 ) presented an argument for regarding BOULENGER'S ( 1 8 8 7 ) emmendation of the specific epithet to laevis as justified. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : STORR, 1963; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ; INGRAM 1 9 9 0 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : MORELY & MORELY 1 9 8 4 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1960; GREER 1 9 8 9 . - M o r p h o l o g y : WERNER 1 9 6 9 ; RUSSELL 1 9 7 9 b ; BAUER & RUSSELL 1 9 8 8 a ; RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 8 8 a . - P h y s i o l o g y : WARBURG 1 9 6 6 ; HEATWOLE 1 9 7 6 ; HEATWOLE

& TAYLOR 1987. - Karyology: KING 1987b. Behavior: BUSTARD 1965b, 1967 a; SCHMIDA 1973b; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : EHMANN 1 9 7 6 ; GREER 1981; PIANKA 1 9 8 6 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 ; PORTER 1 9 9 2 b . - E c o l o g y : PIANKA & PIANKA 1 9 7 6 ; HEATWOLE 1976; PIANKA 1 9 8 6 , 1989; SHINE 1987; JONES 1 9 9 0 ; READ & BADMAN 1990; HERLE 1 9 9 1 . - B i o l o g y : SCHMIDA 1 9 8 5 .

185

Key to the subspecies of of Nephrurus levis 1 Granules on throat homogeneous 2 V Granules on throat heterogeneous Ν. I. pilbarensis, p. 186 2 First supralabial deeper than second; rostral equal in width to mental Ν. I. levis, p. 185 2' Second supralabial deeper than first; mentalwider than rostral Ν. I. occidentalism p. 185

Nephrurus levis levis DE VIS 1886 Nephrurus levis DE VIS, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, (2)1: 168. - Terra typica: not given ("Chinchilla, SE Queensland, Australia", fide COVACEVICH 1971). Holotype: Q M J246. 1886 Nephrurus platyurus BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)18: 91. - Terra typica: "Adelaide" [South Australia]. Holotype: B M N H 1946.8.23.42. 1965 Nephrurus levis levis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus levis levis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. 1981 Nephrurus levis levis - G o w , N . Territory Natural., 3: 14. 1985 Nephrurus levis levis - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 185; fig. pp. 184-185. 1985 Nephrurus levis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Aust. J. herpetol., Suppl., 1: 13. 1987 Nephrurus levis levis - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 15: pl. 23. 1988 Nephrurus levis levis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 83; fig. 186. 1989 Nephrurus levis levis - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 75; fig. 179. 1990 Nephrurus levis levis - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 65. 1992 Nephrurus levis levis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257.

Distribution: Throughout the eastern arid interior regions of Australia, from western New South Wales and Queensland to interior Western Australia. See Map 46. Nephrurus levis occidentalis

STORR

1963 Nephrurus levis occidentalis STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 88. - Terra typica: "Narryer, Western Australia, (26°34'S, 115°56'E)". Holotype: W A M R13918. 1964 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - Western Australian Museum, Annual Report, 1963-64: 34. 1965 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1975 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 166. 1978 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 6: 304. 1978 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR & HAROLD, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 6: 455. 1980 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR & HAROLD, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 8: 365. 1980 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR & HANLON, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 8: 428. 1981 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 13(14): 97. 1983 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 185. 1983 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR & al., Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 10: 220. 1984 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - KLUGE, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 167: 32. 1984 Nephrurus occidentalis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - CHAPMAN & DELL, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 12: 5. 1985 Nephrurus occidentalis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1988 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 83; fig. 187. 1990 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 65; pl. 13, fig. 1. 1991 Nephrurus laevis occidentalis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus levis occidentalis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257.

Distribution: West coast and hinterland of Western Australia from Geraldton north to the vicinity of North West Cape. See Map 46.

186

Nephrurus levis pilbarensis

STORR

1963 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 88. - Terra typica: "12 miles east of Mundabullangana, Western Australia, (20° 31'S, 118° 13Έ)". Holotype: WAM R14835. 1964 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - Western Australian Museum, Ann al. Report, 1963-64: 34. 1965 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - KLUGE, Austral. J., Zool., 15: 1018. 1975 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 166. 1976 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - SwANSON, Liz. Austral.: 17; pi. 25. 1983 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 185. 1984 Nephrurus pilbarensis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus pilbarensis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1987 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - SwANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 15; pi. 24. 1 9 8 8 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 8 3 ; fig. 188. 1989 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 75; fig. 180. 1 9 9 0 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - STORR & al., Liz. W . Austral., 3: 6 5 ; pi. 13, fig. 2. 1991 Nephrurus laevis pilbarensis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus levis pilbarensis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257.

Distribution: Pilbara region, Western Australia. See Map 46.

Map 46. Distribution of Nephrurus levis. -Ν. 1. levis = closed circle (1 - type locality of Nephrurus levis [fide COVACEVICH 1971]; 2 - type locality of Nephrurus platyurus). - N. 1. occidentalis — open circle. - N. 1. pilbarensis = closed inverted triangle. - Type localities for taxa other than Ν. 1. levis indicated by circled stars.

187 N e p h r u r u s milii (BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT) 1823

Phyllurus milii BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Diet, classique Hist. Nat., 1: pi. 4 , fig. 4 . - Terra typica: "Rives de la baie des Chiens-Marins (Australasie)" [ = Shark Bay, Western Australia] (based on the text, which appeared two years after the plate. The date of publication of the plate fixes the date of description of the taxon). Holotype: presumed lost (fide COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983; BRYGOO 1 9 9 1 ) .

1825 1831 1836

1839 1843 1845 1851 1854

1856 1857 1858 1867

Phyllurus milii BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Diet, classique Hist. Nat., 7 : 183. Cyrtodactylus Nilii GRAY in GRIFFITH & PIDGEON, Anim. Kingd. CUVIER, 9 (Synop. Spec.): 5 2 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllurus milii BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT 1 8 2 5 ) . Gymnodactylus Miliusii DUM£RIL & BIBRON, Erpetol. gen., 3: 4 3 0 ; pi. 3 3 , fig. 1 (unjustified emendation of Phyllurus milii BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT 1 8 2 3 ) . Gymnodactylus Miliusii - DUVERNOY in CUVIER, Regne Anim., 3rd ed.: pi. 2 0 bis. Gymnodactylus (Anomalurus) Miliusii - FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 90. Phyllurus miliusii - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 176. Gymnodactylus Miliusii - DUM£RIL, A. H.A. in DUM£RIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 46. Gymnodactylus Miliusii - DUMERIL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9: 2 5 5 . Gymnodactylus Miliusii - DUM£RIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 471. Gymnodactylus vittatus - Anonymous, Stor. nat. Illustr. Reg. Anim., 3: 61; fig. 2160 (non Gymnodactylus vitattus LICHTENSTEIN 1 8 5 6 ) . Phyllurus miliusii - GIRARD, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herpetol.: 304. Phyllurus Myliusii - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6; pi. 17; fig. 2 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllurus miliusii DUMF.RIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 = Nephrurus milii [BORY DE SAINTVINCENT 1823]).

1875 1877 1878 1884 1885 1887 1905

1908 1909

1910 1913

1913

1920 1920 1921 1924 1929

1934 1934 1934 1950 1954 1955 1961 1963 1964

Phyllurus miliusii - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17; pi. 17, fig. 2. Phyllurus Millius - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffory Cat., 6: 10. Phyllurus Miliusii - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 6: 639. Phyllurus Blavieri DE ROCHEBRUNE, Faune Senegambie: 81; pi. 9, figs. 5 - 6 . - Terra typica: "Saide, Podor, Richard-Toll, Merinaghene" [Senegal]. Holotype: not located. Gymnodactylus miliusii - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 48. Gymnodactylus Miliusii - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 53. Gymnodactylus Miliusii - ROSEN, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ( 7 ) 1 6 : 1 2 9 . Gymnodactylus Miliusi - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3: 59 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Gymnodactylus miliusii [DUMERIL & BIBRON 1836]). Gymnodactylus miliusii - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 2 0 8 ; figs, pp. 2 0 6 , 2 0 7 , 2 0 8 . Gymnodactylus Miliusii - WERNER, Fauna Südwest-Austral. 2: 452. Gymnodactylus asper BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8)12: 563. - Terra typica: "Milparinha [= Milparinka], western New South Wales" [Australia], Holotype: BMNH 1913.7.28.1. Gymnodactylus miliusii - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K . Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 5 2 ( 3 ) : 4. Gymnodactylus miliusii - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 183. Gymnodactylus asper - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 184. Gymnodactylus miliusii - ALEXANDER, Linn. J. Zool., 34: 460. Gymnodactylus miliusii - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 14: 168. Gymnodactylus miliusii - WAITE, Reptil. S. Austral.: 7 3 ; figs. 4 2 - 4 3 . Gymnodactylus miliusii - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17: 165. Gymnodactylus milii - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 299. Gymnodactylus milii - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 104. Gymnodactylus milusii BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 30; fig. 29, 30 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllurus miliusii DUMERIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 ) . Phyllurus milii - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 474. Gymnodactylus milii - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 179; fig. 5. Gymnodactylus milii - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 12; fig. 3(5). Gymnodactylus milii - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 24; pi. 10. Phyllurus miliusii - DIXON & KLUGE, Copeia, 1 9 6 4 : 180.

188 1965 1965 1967 1967 1967 1967 1970 1970 1971 1973 1973 1975 1976 1978 1978 1978 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1981 1981 1983 1983 1983 1983

Gymnodactylus (Underwoodisaurus) milii - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: ix. ? Gymnodactylus asper - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 48. Phyllurus milii - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. Gymnodactylus milii - COGGER, Austral. Reptil. Colour: pi. 8. Phyllurus mili - BUSTARD, Herpetologica, 23: 128. Phyllurus milii - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. Underwoodisaurus milii - BUSTARD, Austral. Liz.: 58; pi. 27. Phyllurus milii - DAVEY, Austral. Liz.: 32; fig. p. 42. Phyllurus milii - RAWLINSON, Victoria Yearb., 85: 16. Underwoodisaurus milii - DALE, Forty Queensl. Liz.: 30; fig. p. 31. Phyllurus milii - HOUSTON, Reptil. S. Austral.: 6. Underwoodisaurus milii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 178; fig. 430. Underwoodisaurus milii - SwANSON, Liz. Austral.: 18; pi. 29. Phyllurus milii - DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 7: 71. Phyllurus milii - STORR, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 6: 304. Phyllurus milii - STORR & HAROLD, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 6: 455. Underwoodisaurus milii - MCPHEE, Observ. Book Snakes & Liz. Austral.: 100; pi. 36. Phyllurus milii - RUSSELL, J. Herpetol., 14: 415. Phyllurus milii - STORR & HAROLD, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 8: 365. Phyllurus milii - BUSH, Reptil. Kalgoorlie: 13; fig. 13. Phyllurus milii - DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 13(13): 50. Underwoodisaurus milii - INGRAM & COVACEVTCH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. Phyllurus milii - STORR & al., Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 9: 29. Underwoodisaurus milii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 198; fig. 479. Phyllurus milii - STORR & al., Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 10: 221. Underwoodisaurus milii - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 100. Gymnodactylus asper - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 261 (listed as species inquirenda [? = Underwoodisaurus

milii

(BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT 1 8 2 5 ) ] ) .

1984 Underwoodisaurus milii - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour, 2nd ed.: pi. 8. 1984 Underwoodisaurus husbandi WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 78. - Terra typica: "12.5 km SW of Milbrodale, New S.Wales (road distance)" [Australia]. Holotype: AMS 111952. 1984 Underwoodisaurus milii - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 79. 1985 Phyllurus milii - CHAPMAN & DELL - Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 12: 5. 1985 Underwoodisaurus milii - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: fig. p. 295. 1985 Underwoodisaurus milii - SCHWANER & al., Nat. Hist. Eyre Penins.: 164. 1985 Phyllurus milii - STORR & al., Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 10: 220. 1985 Underwoodisaurus asper - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1.15. 1985 Underwoodisaurus husbandi - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1985 Underwoodisaurus milii - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1987 Underwoodisaurus milii - GRIFFITHS, Reptil. Sydney Reg.: 63; figs. pp. 9, 63. 1987 Phyllurus milii - KING, Austral. J. Zool., 35: 510. 1987 Phyllurus milii - MARYAN & ROBINSON, W. Austral. Natural., 17: 4. 1987 Underwoodisaurus milii - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 19; pi. 40. 1988 Underwoodisaurus milii - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 90; fig. 224. 1989 Underwoodisaurus milii - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55; fig. 21. 1989 Underwoodisaurus milii - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 79; figs. 190-192. 1989 Phyllurus milii - WELLINGTON & DELL, W. Austral. Natural., 17: 228. 1990 Underwoodisaurus milii - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 101; pi. 8, figs. 5 - 6 . 1990 Nephrurus milii - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 148; fig. 65. 1990 Underwoodisaurus milii - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 34; fig. p. 34. 1991 Nephrurus milii - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1991 Phyllurus Blavieri - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 35. 1991 Underwoodisaurus milii - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 95. 1991 Underwoodisaurus milii - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Underwoodisaurus milii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Australia, 5th ed.: 275; fig. 275.

189

Distribution: Southern Australia from central Queensland through New South Wales, northern Victoria, South Australia and much of semid-arid Western Australia, as far north along the coast as Shark Bay. Scattered specimens recorded from Onslow, Western Australia and the southern Northern Territory. Records from northern Queensland are probably in error. See Map 44. R e f e r e n c e s : P h y l o g e n y : BAVERSTOCK & a l . 1 9 9 1 . T a x o n o m y : RUSSELL 1980; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a ; BRYGOO 1 9 9 1 . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : STORR & HAROLD 1 9 7 8 ; ROBINSON 1 9 8 0 ; JOHNSTON 1 9 8 2 ; STORR & a l . 1 9 8 3 ; STRONG & GILLAM 1 9 8 3 ; SADLIER & SHEA 1 9 8 9 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1 9 6 0 ; GREER 1 9 8 9 . - M o r p h o l o g y : WAITE 1 9 2 9 ; WERNER 1 9 6 9 ; G U N D Y & WURST 1976; GREER & a l . 1 9 9 1 . - P h y s i o l o g y : WILLIAMS 1 9 6 5 ; LICHT & a l . 1 9 6 6 a ; HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 . - K a r y o l o g y : MATTHEY 1933; K I N G 1 9 8 7 a , b . - B e h a v i o r : MERTENS 1 9 4 6 ; BUSTARD 1 9 6 7 a ; BROWN 1 9 8 5 . - WELDON & a l . 1 9 9 3 . R e p r o d u c t i o n : CHAPMAN & DELL 1 9 7 8 ; PCPHEE 1 9 7 9 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . - E c o l o g y : WILLIAMS 1 9 6 5 ; SWANSON 1 9 7 6 ; M C P H E E 1 9 7 9 ; STORR & HAROLD 1 9 7 8 ; KITCHENER & H o w 1982; STORR & a l . 1 9 8 3 ; STRONG & GILLAM 1 9 8 3 ; WELLS & WELLINGTON 1 9 8 4 ; CAUGHLEY & G A L L 1985; CHAPMAN & DELL 1 9 8 5 ; SCHWANER 1985; SHINE 1 9 8 7 ; SHINE & SLIP 1 9 9 0 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . - C o n s e r v a t i o n : CAUGHLEY & G A L L 1 9 8 5 . - B i o l o g y : DAVEY 1945; PETERS 1 9 7 0 a ; GRIFFITH 1 9 8 7 ; RÖSLER 1 9 8 7 C ; WEIGEL 1 9 8 8 . - P a r a s t o l o g y : BAKER

1987.

Nephrurus sphyrurus

(OGILBY)

1892 Gymnodactylus sphyrurus OGILBY, Ree. Austral. Mus., 2: 6. - Terra typica: "Interior of New South Wales (Tumut?)" [Australia] (this locality is in error, see COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983). Holotype: A M S R3800. 1909 Gymnodactylus sphyrurus - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 208. 1920 Gymnodactylus sphyrurus - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 183. 1931 Heteronota walshi KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 18: 268; fig. 2. - Terra typica: "Boggabri, on the northern tablelands of New South Wales" [Australia], Holotype: A M S R10266. 1963 Phyllurus walshi - KLUGE, Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 64. 1965 Phyllurus sphyrurus - KLUGE, Austral. Zool., 13: 124. 1965 Gymnodactylus sphyrurus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 67. 1965 Heteronotia walshi - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 91. 1967 Phyllurus sphyrurus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. 1975 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 179; fig. 80. 1979 Underwoodisaurus milii - HOUSTON & TYLER, Nat. Hist. Kangaroo Is.: 119; fig. 4. 1980 Phyllurus sphyrurus - RUSSELL, J. Herpetol., 14: 415. 1981 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1983 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 198; fig. 88. 1983 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 100. 1984 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 79. 1985 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1988 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 91; fig. 225. 1989 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 77. 1990 Nephrurus sphyrurus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 151; fig. 67. 1990 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 35; fig. p. 35. 1991 Nephrurus sphyrurus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1991 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 276; fig. p. 276.

Distribution: Granitic highlands of the Murray-Darling Basin, New South Wales and south Queensland, Australia. See Map 44.

190 References: Taxonomy: BAUER 1990 a . - Distribution: BAUER 1990 a . - Osteology: GREER 1989. - Karyology: K I N G 1987b. - Behavior: Anonymus 1988. - Biology: RÖSLER 1987C. - Conservation: Czechura & Covacevich 1985; Kennedy 1990.

Nephrurus stellatus

STORR

1968 Nephrurus stellatus STORR, W. Austral. Natural., 10: 180; flg. 1. - Terra typica: "41 miles E. of Southern Cross, Western Australia, in Lat. 31 deg. 25 min. S, Long. 120 deg. 00 min Ε". Holotype: WAM R28363. 1968 Nephrurus stellatus - Western Australian Museum, Annual Report, 1 9 6 7 - 6 8 : 62. 1975 Nephrurus stellatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 166; fig. p. 164. 1976 Nephrurus stellatus - HOUSTON, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 17: 183. 1976 Nephrurus stellatus - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 17; pi. 26. 1983 Nephrurus stellatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 185; fig. p. 183. 1983 Nephrurus stellatus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. 1 9 8 4 Nephrurus stellatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 7 . 1985 Nephrurus stellatus - MOFFAT, Hndbk. Austral. Anim.: 346. 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus stellatus - SCHWANER & al., Nat. Hist. Eyre Penins.: 164. 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus stellatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1987 Nephrurus stellatus - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 15; pi. 25. 1 9 8 8 Nephrurus stellatus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 83; figs. 1 8 9 - 1 9 0 . 1989 Nephrurus stellatus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55. 1990 Nephrurus stellatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 153. 1990 Nephrurus stellatus - STORR & al., Liz. W . Austral., 3: 66; pi. 12, fig. 2. 1 9 9 1 Nephrurus stellatus - DICKMAN & al., W. Austral. Naturalist, 18: 2 0 3 . 1991 Nephrurus stellatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus stellatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257; lower fig. p. 257.

Distribution: Eyre Peninsula, South Australia and south-central interior Western Australia (Yilgarn region). See Map 45. References: Distribution: JOHNSTON 1982; BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: GREER 1989. - Karyology: KING 1987b. - Behavior: GALLIFORD 1978. - Ecology: GALLIFORD 1981; DELEAN 1982; BAUER 1990a. - Biology: GALLIFORD 1978.

Nephrurus vertebralis

STORR

1961 Nephrurus laevis (form 2) - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 10. 1963 Nephrurus vertebralis STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 88; fig. 2 (top right). - Terra typica: "Jibberding, Western Australia (29°58'S, 116°51Έ)". Holotype: WAM R5231. 1964 Nephrurus vertebralis - Western Australian Museum, Annual Report 1 9 6 3 - 6 4 : 34. 1965 Nephrurus vertebralis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus vertebralis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1973 Nephrurus vertebralis - HOUSTON, Reptil. S. Austral.: pi. 3, top fig. 1975 Nephrurus vertebralis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 166; fig. p. 164. 1983 Nephrurus vertebralis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 185; fig. p. 183; figs. 90, 424. 1983 Nephrurus vertebralis - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. 1984 Nephrurus vertebralis - KLUGE, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 167: 32. 1 9 8 4 Nephrurus vertebralis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 7 . 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus vertebralis - CHAPMAN & DELL, Ree. W . Austral. Mus., 12: 5. 1985 Nephrurus vertebralis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1989 Nephrurus vertebralis - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55. 1 9 8 9 Nephrurus vertebralis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 83; fig. 191. 1990 Nephrurus vertebralis - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 153.

191 1990 Nephrurus vertebralis - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 67; pi. 13, fig. 4. 1991 Nephrurus vertebralis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus vertebralis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257; lower fig. p. 258.

Distribution: Central portion of Western Australia between the Gascoyne and upper Murchison and the northeastern Wheat Belt. See Map 45. References: Distribution: & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 . -

BAUER 1990 a. -

Ecology:

Osteology: GREER 1989. -

Physiology: HEATWOLE

PIANKA & PIANKA 1 9 7 6 ; PIANKA 1 9 8 6 .

Nephrurus wheeleri

LOVERIDGE

1909 Nephrurus laevis - LUCAS & LE SOUEF (partim), Anim. Austral.: fig. p. 206. 1932 Nephrurus wheeleri LOVERIDGE, Proc. N. England zool. Club, 13: 31. - Terra typica: "Yandil, 30 miles northwest of Wiluna, Western Australia". Holotype: M C Z 32950. 1934 Nephrurus wheeleri - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 297. 1946 Nephrurus wheeleri - BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 96: 159. 1955 Nephrurus wheeleri - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 176. 1961 Nephrurus wheeleri - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 11. 1963 Nephrurus wheeleri - THOMSON & HOSER, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, (n.s.) 77: 221. 1963 Nephrurus wheeleri - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 26. 1965 Nephrurus wheeleri - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1975 Nephrurus wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 167. 1983 Nephrurus wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 186. 1983 Nephrurus wheeleri - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. 1989 Nephrurus wheeleri - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 75; fig. 21. 1990 Nephrurus wheeleri - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 153; fig. 68. 1990 Nephrurus wheeleri - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 68. 1991 Nephrurus wheeleri - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 257; upper fig. p. 258.

Distribution: Murchison and Fortescue River districts, Western Australia. See Map 44. R e f e r e n c e s : D i s t r i b u t i o n : BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - O s t e o l o g y : GREER 1 9 8 9 . 1 9 7 6 ; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983; PIANKA 1 9 8 6 .

E c o l o g y : PIANKA & PIANKA

Key to the subspecies of Nephrurus wheeleri 1

Four dark cross bands on trunk and tail, that on nape and shoulders continuous N.w. wheeleri, p. 191 V Five dark cross bands on trunk and tail, that on nape separated from shoulder band N.w. einetus, p. 192

Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri

LOVERIDGE

1932 Nephrurus wheeleri LOVERIDGE, Proc. New England zool. Club, 13: 31. - Terra typica: "Yandil, 30 miles northwest of Wiluna, Western Australia". Holotype: M C Z 32950. 1963 Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri - STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 86; fig. 2 (top left). 1965 Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1975 Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 167; fig. p. 164. 1983 Nephrurus wheeleri wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 186; fig. p. 183; fig. 94. 1984 Nephrurus wheeleri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77.

192 Nephrurus Nephrurus Nephrurus 1992 Nephrurus 1985 1988 1990

wheeleri wheeleri wheeleri wheeleri

- WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. wheeleri - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 83; fig. 192. wheeleri - STORR & al., Liz. W . Austral., 3: 68; pi. 12, fig. 3. wheeleri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 258.

Distribution: Murchison River area of west central Western Australia. See Map 44. Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus

STORR

1963 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus STORR, J. Roy. Soc. W. Austral., 46: 86; fig. 2 (middle left). - Terra typica: "Tambrey, Western Australia, (21°38'S, 117°37'E)". Holotype: WAM R4284. 1964 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - Western Australian Museum, Annual Report, 1963-64: 34. 1965 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 112. 1967 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1975 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 186; fig. p. 183. 1 9 8 4 Nephrurus cinctus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 7 . 1 9 8 5 Nephrurus cinctus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. 1 9 8 8 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 84; fig. 193. 1 9 9 0 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - STORR & al., Liz. W . Austral., 3: 6 8 ; pi. 12, fig. 4. 1991 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Nephrurus wheeleri cinctus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 258.

Distribution: Fortescue River area of west central Western Australia. See Map 44. Oedura

GRAY

1842 Oedura GRAY, Zool. Misc.: 52. - Species typica: Oedura marmorata GRAY 1842 (by monotypy)· 1 8 4 3 Pachyurus FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 18 (non Pachyurus AGASSIZ 1 8 3 1 = Pisces; non Pachyurus SWAINSON 1 8 3 9 = Pisces; non Pachyurus HUMBERT & SAUSSURE 1 8 6 9 = Myriopoda; non Pachyurus PHILIPPI 1 8 9 9 = Serpentes). - Species typica: Phyllodactylus lesueurii DUMERIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 (by original designation). 1 8 5 6 Aedura DUM£RIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 4 6 5 (unjustified emendation of Oedura GRAY 1842).

Eodura JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist, nat., 104:12 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura GRAY 1 8 4 2 ) . 1 9 8 4 Amalosia WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 5 . - Species typica: Phyllodactylus lesueurii DUM6RIL & BIBRON (partim) 1 8 3 6 (by original designation). 1973

Distribution: Most of continental Australia except for humid regions of southwestern and southeastern Australia. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Diplodactylini. The species segregated into Amalosia by WELLS & WELLINGTON (1984) appear to form a natural group, although, pending an explicit phylogenetic analysis of the group we retain Amalosia in the generic synonymy of Oedura. References: Phylogeny: COGGER 1957; KLUGE 1967 b; GREER 1989; KING 1990. - Taxonomy: COGGER 1957. - Zoogeography: COGGER 1957; KING 1990. - Distribution: COGGER 1957. Osteology: KLUGE 1967b; GREER 1989. - Morphology: JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973; RUSSELL 1979b; KLUGE 1983 b; RUSSELL & BAUER 1990b. - Karyology: WERNER 1956; KING 1977b, 1987 a, b. - Reproduction: FITCH 1970. - Ecology: COGGER 1957; GREER 1989. - Biology: COGGER 1957; GREER 1 9 8 9 .

193 Species Referred: Oedura castelnaui (THOMINOT 1 8 8 9 ) , O. coggeri BUSTARD 1 9 6 6 , O.filicipoda 1985, O. lesueurii

KING 1 9 8 5 , O. gemmata

KING & G o w 1 9 8 3 , O. gracilis

(DUMERIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 ) , O. marmorata

KING

GRAY 1 8 4 2 , O.

mo-

nilis DE VIS 1 8 8 8 , O. obscura KING 1 9 8 5 , O. reticulata BUSTARD 1 9 6 9 , O. rhombifer GRAY 1845, O. robusta BOULENGER 1885, O. tryoni DE VIS 1884.

Key to the Species of Oedura [Note: This key, derived largely from COGGER (1986) is heavily dependent on coloration pattern. For museum specimens it should be used in conjunction with distributional data.] 1 Subterminal lamellae expanded beyound outline of digits and visible from above O. fittcipoda, p. 195 1' Subterminal lamellae not expanded as above 3 2 Dorsal and ventral scales subequal, dorsal flattened 3 2' Dorsal scales smaller than ventrals, granular 8 3 Dorsal surface of hindlimbs with small, regular ocelli; dorsum of trunk patterned with ocelli or light spots, each smaller than eye, fused to form irregular bands in some cases 4 3' Dorsal surface of hindlimbs without ocelli; dorsum without ocelli, or if present, larger than eye 6 4 Dorsum with numerous small white spots; tail sometimes with distinct light cross bands O. gemmata, p. 196 4' Dorsum ocellate; tail never marked by distinct light bands 5 5 18 or more interorbital scales; 95 or more midbody scale rows O. tryoni, p. 205 5' 18 of fewer interorbital scales; 95 or fewer midbody scale rows O. coggeri, p. 195 6 Dorsal pattern dominated by pairs of dark-edged ocelli, each larger than eye; dark collar on nape absent O. monttis, p. 201 6' Dorsal pattern dominated by 5 - 6 light bands; dark collar on nape usually present 7 7 Dark areas between light cross bands much wider than bands themselves; head usually flecked with white O. marmorata, p. 199 Τ Dark areas between light cross bands only slightly wider than bands themselves; head not flecked with white O. castelnaui, p. 193 8 Single cloacal spur on each side of vent O. reticulata, p. 202 8' Two or more cloacal spurs on each side of vent 9 9 Dorsum distinctly banded transversely 10 9' Dorsum not distinctly banded transversely 11 10 Transverse bands dark-edged; dorsum without white spots O. gracilis, p. 196 10' Transverse bands not dark-edged; dorsum with white spots O. obscura, p. 202 11 Continuous (or nearly so) light vertebral stripe border«! by dark, zig-zag outline 12 11' Dorsum with a series of large white blotches, bordered by dark dorso-lateral longitudinal bands O. robusta, p. 204 12 Small dark spots on lateral surfaces and limbs; generally uniformly colored vertebral marking; original tail cylindrical O. rhombifer, p. 203 12' Small light spots on lateral surfaces and limbs; vertebral markings mottled; original tail depressed O. lesueurii, p. 197

Oedura castelnaui (THOMINOT) 1889 Phyllodactylus (Oedura) Castelnaui THOMINOT (partim), Bull. Soc. philom. Paris, (8)1: 2. Terra typica: "Australie" (restricted to "North Queensland" by BUSTARD 1970c). Lectotype: M N H N 6802 (designated by BUSTARD 1970 C). 1901 Oedura mayeri GARMAN, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 39: 3; pi. 2, figs. 2 - 2 c . - Terra typica: "Queensland". Syntypes: MCZ 6469, 6471, 169931-4, A M N H 12859. 1920 Oedura tryoni - ZIETZ (partim), Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 188. 1920 Oedura mayeri - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189.

194 1929 1934 1942 1954 1957 1957

Oedura tryoni- BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 6 9 : 3 1 0 (as synonym of may er i GARMAN 1 9 0 1 ) . Oedura marmorata - LOVERIDGE (partim), Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 7 7 : 3 0 9 . Oedura marmorata - KINGHORN (partim), Ree. Austral. Mus., 2 1 : 1 2 1 . Oedura marmorata - GUIBE (partim), Cat. Types Lez. Coll. Mus. nation. Hist, nat.: 2 1 . Oedura marmorata - COGGER (partim), Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 8 2 : 172. Oedura tryoni - COGGER (partim), Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 8 2 : 1 7 5 .

1970 Oedura castelnaui- BUSTARD, Senckenberg. biol., 51: 29. 1975 Oedura castelnaui - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 168; fig. 409. 1976 Oedura castelnaui - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 15; pi. 18. 1 9 7 7 Oedura castelnauxi - TINKLE & GIBBONS, Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura castelnaui THOMINOT 1 8 8 9 ) . 1981 Oedura castelnaui - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 2 0 : 300. 1983 Oedura castelnaui - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 187; fig. 458. 1983 Oedura castelnaui - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. 1 9 8 4 Oedura castelnaui - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 7 . 1985 Oedura castelnaui - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 324. 1985 Oedura castelnaui - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1987 Oedura castelnaui - COVACEVICH, Queensl. Natural., 28: 28.

O.

154: 23

Map 47. Distribution of Oedura. - O. castelnaui = open square. - O. fillicipoda = open circle. O. gemmata = closed triangle. - O. lesueurii = open inverted triangle (1 - type locality of Phyllodactylus lesueurii [part]; 2 - type locality of P. lesueurii [part]; 3 - type locality of Amalosia phillipsi). - O. reticulata = open triangle. - O. rhombifer = closed square. - O. tryoni = closed circle. - Type localities of taxa other than Ο lesueurii indicated by circled stars.

195 1987 1988 1989 1989 1991 1991 1991 1992

Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura

castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui castelnaui

-

SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 15; pi. 26. WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 84; fig. 194. GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 81; fig. 21. WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. paris, (4)12: 40. COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 260; left fig. p. 260.

Distribution: Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. See Map 47. References: Taxonomy: COGGER 1957; Bustard 1970c. - Osteology: GREER 1989. - Morphology: RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 9 0 b . - P h y s i o l o g y : HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 . - B e h a v i o r : RÖSLER 1 9 8 9 a .

-

Reproduction:

BUSTARD 1967b; RÖSLER 1986c, 1987b, KLÄTIL 1993. -

Ecology: COGGER

1 9 5 7 ; BUSTARD 1 9 7 0 c.

Oedura coggeri

BUSTARD

1966 Oedura coggeri BUSTARD, Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., 14(1): 9; pis. 1 , 3 . - Terra typica: " L a p p a Junction, N o r t h Queensland, Australia". Holotype: A M S R17791. 1967 Oedura coggeri - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1971 Oedura coggeri - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 13: 55. 1975 Oedura coggeri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 169; fig. 76. 1976 Oedura coggeri - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 15; pi. 19. 1981 Oedura coggeri - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, M e m . Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1983 Oedura coggeri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 188; fig. 84. 1983 Oedura coggeri - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. 1984 Oedura coggeri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Oedura coggeri - MOFFAT, H a n d b . Austral. Anim.: 324; fig. p. 294. 1985 Oedura coggeri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1987 Oedura coggeri - FRITH & FRITH, Austral, trop. Reptil. & Frogs: 26; fig. p. 27. 1987 Oedura coggeri - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 16; pi. 27. 1988 Oedura coggeri - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 84; fig. 195. 1989 Oedura coggeri - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 80. 1989 Oedura coggeri - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 75; fig. 181. 1989 Oedura coggeri - WELLS & WELINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. 1991 Oedura coggeri - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1991 Oedura coggeri - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Oedura coggeri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Australia, 5th ed.: 260; fig. ρ: 2 6 0 - 2 6 1 .

Distribution: Southeastern part of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. See Map 48. References:

-

Morphology:

Karyology:

RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 9 0 b . -

KING 1987b. -

WEBB & al. 1 9 7 2 . -

Reproduction:

Conservation:

Physiology:

BUSTARD 1967b. -

KENNEDY 1 9 9 0 . -

Oedura filicipoda

Biology:

HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 .

Ecology:

BUSTARD 1966;

SWANSON 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 7 .

KING

1981 Oedura "probably a new species" - SMITH & JOHNSTONE, Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 227. 1985 Oedura filicipoda - KING, Amphib.-Reptil. 5[1983]: 332; figs. 3 - 4 . Terra typica: " A cave in a sandstone outcrop near the Mitchell Plateau in N.W. Western Australia at 14°53'25" S χ 125°44'35" E". Holotype: W A M R83707. 1988 Oedura filicipoda - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna, 18(1): 13. 1988 Oedura filicipoda - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 85; figs. 196-197. 1989 Oedura filicipoda - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 80.

196 1989 1990 1991 1992

Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura

filicipoda filicipoda filicipoda filicipoda

-

WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 70; pi. 14, fig. 1. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 261; right fig. p. 261.

Distribution: Northwest Kimberley, Western Australia. See Map 47. References: Karyology: KING 1987b. - Behavior: SHEA & al. 1 9 8 8 . - Ecology: KING 1985b.

Oedura gemmata

KING

& Gow

1975 Oedura marmorata - COGGER (partim), Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 170; fig. 411. 1983 Oedura marmorata - COGGER (partim), Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 189; fig. 460. 1983 Oedura gemmata KING & Gow, Copeia, 1983: 446; figs. 2 a, 3. - Terra typica: "5 km west of the South Alligator River on the Pine Creek to El Sharana road in the Northern Territory" [Australia], Holotype: N T M R.9817. 1984 Oedura gemmata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Oedura gemmata - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 80; fig. p. 80. 1985 Oedura gemmata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1986 Oedura gemmata - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 4th ed.: 637; fig. 460. 1987 Oedura gemmata - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 16; pi. 28. 1988 Oedura gemmata - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 85; fig. 198. 1989 Oedura gemmata - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 80. 1989 Oedura gemmata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. 1990 Oedura gemmata - SADLIER, Tech. Mem. Supervis. Sei. Alligator Rivers Reg., 32: 18; pi. 11. 1991 Oedura gemmata - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Oedura gemmata - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 262; upper fig. p. 262.

Distribution: Western Arnhem Land Escarpment and associated rock outliers. See Map 47. References: Osteology: GREER 1989. - Reproduction: SADLIER 1990. - Karyology: KING 1987b. -

Ecology:

KING & G o w 1983. -

Conservation:

KENNEDY 1 9 9 0 .

Oedura gracilis

KING

1981 Oedura marmorata - SMITH & JOHNSTONE, Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 220. 1985 Oedura gracilis - KING, Amphib.-Reptil. 5[1983]: 334; figs. 5 - 6 . - Terra typica: "Near the Mitchell Plateau in the N.W. of Western Australia at 14° 53'30" S χ 125°45'00" E". Holotype: W A M R83709. 1988 Oedura gracilis - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna, 18(1): 13. 1988 Oedura gracilis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 85; fig. 199. 1989 Oedura gracilis - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 59. 1989 Oedura gracilis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. 1990 Oedura gracilis - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 91; pi. 14, fig. 2. 1991 Oedura gracilis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Oedura gracilis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 262; upper middle fig. p. 262.

Distribution: Northwest Kimberley and adjacent islands, Western Australia. See Map 48. References: Karyology: KING 1987 b. - Ecology: KING 1985 b.

197

Map 48. Distribution of Oedura. - O. coggeri = open square. - O. gracilis = closed square. - O. marmorata = open circle (1 - type locality of Oedura marmorata', 2 - type locality of O. fraticolor, 3 - type locality of O. cincta; 4 - type locality of O. attenboroughi; 5 - type locality of O. derelicta; 6 - type locality of O. greeri). - O. monilis = closed triangle. - O. obscura = open triangle. - O. robusta = closed circle. - Type localities of taxa other than O. marmorata indicated by circled stars.

Oedura lesueurii

(DUMERIL & BIBRON)

1836 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii DUMERIL & BIBRON (partim), Erpetol. gen.) 3: 392. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle-Guinee et la Nouvelle-Hollande" (restricted to " K a n g a r o o Island, S . A . " on basis o f s e l e c t e d l e c t o t y p e . S e e COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ) . L e c t o t y p e : M N H N 2 6 8 , d e s i g n a t e d b y COGGER i n COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ) .

1839 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - Girrt, Mem. Accad. Sei. Torino, (2)1: 264. 1843 Diplodactylus (Pachyurus) Lesueurii - FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 94. 1845 Oedura rhombifer GRAY (part), Cat. Spec. Liz. Brit. Mus.: 147. - Terra typica: "W. Australia". Paralectotype: B M N H xxii.3c, (designated by COGGER in COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983). 1851 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - DUMERIL, A . H . A . (partim), in DUMERIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 40. 1854 Phyllodactylus LeSueurii - DuMέRIL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9: 252. 1856 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - DUMERIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 465. 1859 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - BLEEKER, N a t u u r k . Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)16: 421. 1867 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - STEINDACHNER (partim), Reptil. Reise N o v a r a 1: 14. 1869 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffroy Cat., 4: 8. 1874 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - SCHMELTZ, Mus. Godeffroy Cat., 5: 17. 1885 Oedura lesueurii - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 107; pi. 10, fig. 2. 1887 Oedura Leseurii - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 41 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura lesueurii [DUM6RIL & BIBRON 1836]). 1893 Oedura lesueuri - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil.-Samml. Senckenberg- Mus., 1: 26 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura lesueurii [DUM6RIL & BIBRON]).

198 1909 1910 1920 1923 1929 1934 1950

Oedura lesueurii - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 214; fig. p. 213. Oedura Lesueuri - WERNER, Fauna Südwest-Austral., 2: 468. Oedura lesueurii - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 188. Phyllodactylus lesueuri - CAMP, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 48: 377. Oedura lesueurii - WAITE, Reptil. S. Austral.: 83; fig. 56. Oedura lesueurii - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 311. Oedura lesuerii - BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 33 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura lesueurii

1952 1954 1954 1957 1963 1965 1966 1967 1967 1973 1975 1976 1981 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985

1986 1987 1987 1988 1989 1989 1989 1990 1991 1991 1991 1992

[DUMERIL & BIBRON 1836]).

Oedura lesueurii - TANNER, Great Basin Natural., 12: 8. Oedura lesueuri - GUIBE, CAT. LEZ.: 21. Oedura lesueuri - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 477. Oedura lesueurii lesueurii - COGGER, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 178; pl.7e. Oedura lesueurii lesueurii - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 27; pi. 12. Oedura lesueurii lesueurii - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 113. Oedura lessueri GABE & SAINT GIRONS, Mem. Mus. nation. Hist, nat., (Α., Zool.) 33[1965]: 156 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedura lesueurii [DUMERIL & BIBRON 1836]). Oedura lesueurii lesueurii - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: 28. Oedura lesueurii lesueurii - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. Oedura lesuerii - GORMAN, Cytotax. Vert. Evol.: 355. Oedura lesueurii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 169; fig. 410. Oedura lesueurii - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 13; pi. 13. Oedura lesueurii - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. Oedura lesueurii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 188; fig. 459. Oedura lesueurii - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 95. Oedura lesueurii - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour, 2nd ed.: 28. Amalosia lesueurii - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 75. Amalosia lesueurii - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 10. Amalosiaphillipsi WF.I.I.S & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1:10. - Terra typica: "10 km west of Tenterfield (on Bruxner Hwy), New South Wales" [Australia]. Holotype: AMS 116976. Oedura cf. lesueurii - CZECHURA, Queensl. Natural., 27: 63. Oedura lesueurii - GRIFFITHS, Reptil. Sydney Reg.: 61; fig. p. 61. Oedura lesueurii - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 16; pi. 29. Oedura lesueurii - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 85; fig. 200. Oedura lesueurii - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 56. Oedura lesueurii - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 76; figs. 182-183. Amalosia lesueurii - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Oedura lesueurii - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 26; fig. p. 26. Oedura lesueurii - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. Oedura lesueurii - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 83; fig. 4. Oedura lesueurii - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Oedura lesueurii - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 263; lower middle fig. p. 262.

Distribution: From Stanthorpe, Queensland to southern New South Wales in coastal regions and adjacent ranges. A disjunct population at Kroombit Tops, Queensland is putatively a new taxon (CZECHURA 1 9 8 6 ) . See Map 4 7 . Distribution: The type series of Phyllodactylus lesueurii DUMERIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 is composite. COGGER ( 1 9 5 7 , 1 9 8 3 in COGGER, Cameron & Cogger) cited the possible occurence of specimens of this taxon outside of the coastal region of New South Wales. In particular, there are records from South Asutralia and the Murray-Darling Basin. However, COGGER ( 1 9 9 2 ) did not list the species as resident outside of the accepted coastal range, nor do climatic variables make such westward extensions of the range likely. Thus, the designation by COGGER

199 (in COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ) o f a S o u t h A u s t r a l i a n l e c t o t y p e l o c a l i t y

is problematic. It is most probable that this specimen, in fact came from Port Jackson, as did paralectotype M N H N 6726 (referred to Diplodactylus vittatus). See also Comments under Diplodactylus vittatus and Oedura rhombifer. References: Taxonomy: COGGER, 1957. - Osteology: HOLDER 1960; STEPHENSON 1960. - Morphology: CARTER 1872; LEYDIG 1876; HOFFMANN 1898; CAMP 1923; GABE & SAINT-GIRONS 1966; SCHLEICH & KÄSTLE 1986; RUSSELL & BAUER 1990 b. - Physiology: MINTON & MINTON 1981; HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1987. - Karyology: WERNER 1956; K I N G 1987b. - Behavior: BROWN 1985. - Reproduction: BUSTARD 1967b; RÖSLER 1986c. - Ecology: COGGER 1957; WELLS 1981. - Biology: RÖSLER 1987 c.

Oedura marmorata

GRAY

1842 Oedura marmorata GRAY, Zool. Misc.: 52. - Terra typica: "North Coast of New Holland; Port Essington" [Northern Territory, Australia]. Lectotype: BMNH xxii. 2 b (designated by BUSTARD 1 9 7 0 C).

1845 1856 1867 1867

Oedura marmorata - GRAY, Cat. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist.: 147. Phyllodactylus (Aedura) marmorata - DUMERII., Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 465. Oedura marmorata - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 5; pi. 16, figs. 1, 4. Phyllodactylus marmoratus - STEINDACHNER, Reptil. Reise Novara 1: 14 (non Phyllodactylus marmoratus GRAY 1845). 1869 Oedura verrillii - COPE, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 20[1868]: 318. - Terra typica: "Australia". Holotype: M C Z 724 (part), presumed lost (see BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1929; KLUGE 1 9 6 5 b ) .

1875 Oedura marmorata - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 16; pi. 16, figs. 1, 4. 1875 Oedura verrillii - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 16. 1884 Oedura fraticolor DE VIS, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., 1: 160. - Terra typica: "Kimberley" [ = Karumba, at the mouth of the Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia, fide COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983], Holotype: presumed lost (fide COGGER 1970). 1885 Oedura marmorata - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 104; pi. 9, fig. 2. 1885 Oedura ? verrillii - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 108. 1885 Oedura fraticolor - BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)6: 387. 1887 Oedura ? fraticolor - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 483. 1887 Oedura marmorata - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 40. 1888 Oedura cincta DE VIS, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, (2)2: 811. - Terra typica: "Charleville, S.W. Queensland" [Australia], Lectytope: QM J 2 2 6 (designated by WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985a; second syntype presumed lost, fide COVACEVICH 1971). 1893 Oedura marmorata - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil.-Samml. Senckenberg-Mus., 1: 26. 1 9 0 9 Oedura marmorata - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 2 1 2 . 1920 Oedura marmorata - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1920 Oedura fraticolor - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1920 Oedura cincta - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1920 Oedura verrillii - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1 9 2 9 Oedura verrillii - BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 69: 3 1 0 . 1929 Oedura marmorata - WAITE, Reptil. S. Austral.: 82; figs. 54-55. 1 9 3 4 Oedura marmorata - LOVERIDGE (partim), Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 7 7 : 3 0 9 . 1942 Oedura marmorata - KINGHORN (partim), Ree. Austral. Mus., 2 1 : 121. 1950 Oedura marmorata - BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 32. 1954 Oedura marmorata - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 477. 1955 Oedura marmorata - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 181; fig. 8. 1955 Oedura marmorata - MITCHELL, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 11: 380. 1957 Oedura marmorata - COGGER, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 172; pis. 7a, 8 f - h . 1961 Oedura marmorata - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 16; fig. 3(8). 1963 Oedura marmorata - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 27; pi. 12.

200 1965 1965 1967 1967 1970 1970 1971 1973 1975 1976 1979 1981 1981 1981 1981 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1985

1985 1985

1985 1985 1985 1987 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1992

Oedura verrillii - KLUGE (nomen dubium), Austral. Zool., 13: 122. Oedura marmorata - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 114. Oedura marmorata - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: 26. Oedura marmorata - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. Oedura marmorata - BUSTARD, Senckenberg. biol., 51: 26. Oedura marmorata - DAVEY (partim), Austral. Liz.: 36. Oedura cincta - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 13: 55. Oedura marmorata - DALE, Forty Queensl. Liz.: 34; fig. p. 33. Oedura marmorata - COGGER (partim), Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 140; figs. 412-413. Oedura marmorata - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 14; pi. 14. Oedura marmorata - MCPHEE, Observ. Book Snakes & Liz. Austral.: 96; pi. 34. Oedura marmorata - COGGER, Proc. Melbourne herpetol. Symp.: 153. Oedura marmorata - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3: 14. Oedura marmorata - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3: 17. Oedura marmorata - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. Oedura marmorata- COGGER (partim), Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 189; figs. 461 - 4 6 2 . Oedura marmorata - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 96. Oedura cincta - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. Oedura marmorata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. Oedura marmorata - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 313. Oedura marmorata - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 105; fig. p. 105. Oedura attenboroughi - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 13. - Terra typica: " F o r k Lagoon Rd. turnoff, on the Capricorn Highway, 19 km west of Emerald and 81.5 km east of Bogantungan, Queensland" [Australia]. Holotype: AMS 65951. Oedura cincta - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. Oedura derelicta - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1:14. - Terra typica: "Jessie Gap, 17 km east of Alice Springs, Northern Territory" [Australia], Holotype: N T M R.11413. Oedura fraticolor - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. Oedura greeri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. - Terra typica: " M t . Doreen, Northern Territory, (22°02'S X 131°20'E)" [Australia], Holotype: AMS 87677. Oedura marmorata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. Oedura marmorata - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 16; pi. 30. Oedura marmorata - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 85; figs. 201-202. Oedura marmorata - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 59. Oedura attenboroughi - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 22. Oedura derelicta - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 22. Oedura greeri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Oedura cincta - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol, 506: 23. Oedura fraticolor - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Oedura marmorata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Oedura marmorata - INGRAM, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 28: 19. Oedura marmorata - SADLIER, Tech. Mem. Supervis. Sei. Alligator Rivers Reg., 32: 18; pi. 12. Oedura marmorata - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 92; pi. 14, fig. 3. Oedura marmorata - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 27; fig. p. 27. Oedura marmorata - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. Oedura verrillii [?] - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 23. Oedura marmorata - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Oedura marmorata - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 263; lower fig. p. 262, figs, p. 2 6 3 .

Distribution: Most of northern and central Australia west of the Great Dividing Range. Absent from northern Queensland and southwestern Western Australia. See Map 48. Comments: BOULENGER ( 1 8 8 5 a) questioned the identity of Oedura verrillii

201 and KLUGE (1965 b) regarded the name as a nomen dubium. Both, however, accepted the correctness of Cope's generic designation. COPE'S character of one postanal tubercle is applicable to O. marmorata, O. castelnaui, O. reticulata, O. monilis, O. tryoni, and O. coggeri. Of these taxa only marmorata has six dark cross bands as reported by COPE for the type of verrillii. Only the statement that the ventral scales are larger than the dorsal does not match marmorata. However, this feature is somewhat variable among specimens of O. marmorata and might reflect a difference in interpretation of scales that are approximately equal in' size. On this basis we accept O. verrillii as a junior synonym of O. marmorata. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : COGGER 1 9 5 7 ; BUSTARD 1 9 7 0 C. - D i s t r i b u t i o n : PIANKA 1 9 7 2 ; MILLER 1 9 8 0 . - O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 . - M o r p h o l o g y : MILLER 1 9 6 6 ; WERNER 1 9 6 9 ; G U N D Y & WURST 1976; RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 9 0 b . - P h y s i o l o g y : HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 ; GREER 1 9 8 9 .

- Karyology: KING 1987b. - Behavior: BUSTARD 1965b; RÖSLER 1983b; WELDON & al. 1993. - R e p r o d u c t i o n : COGGER 1957; BUSTARD 1 9 6 7 b . GREER 1 9 8 9 . - B i o l o g y : RÖSLER 1 9 8 7 c .

Ecology:

COGGER 1 9 5 7 ; BUSTARD 1 9 7 0 c ;

Oedura monilis DE VIS 1885 Oedura ocellata BOULENGER (partim), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1:105. - Terra typica: "Australia". Lectotype: B M N H 54.11.1.1, by implication. See Comments below. 1888 Oedura monilis DE\IS, Proc. Linn. Soc. NewS.Wales, 2(2): 8 1 1 . - Terra typica: "Queensland". Holotype: Q M J228. 1889 Phyllodactylus (Oedura) Castelnaui - THOMINOT (partim), Bull. Soc. philom. passis, (8)1: 22. - Terra typica: "Australie". Paralectotype: Μ Ν Η Ν A6802 (designated by BUSTARD 1970c). See Oedura castelnaui. 1893 Oedura ocellata - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil.-Samml. Senckenberg-Mus., 1: 26. 1915 Oedura monilis - FRY, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., 27(4): 86; pi. 3, fig. 2. 1920 Oedura monilis - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1934 Oedura marmorata - LOVERIDGE (partim), Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 309. 1942 Oedura marmorata - KINGHORN (partim), Ree. Austral. Mus., 21: 121. 1942 Oedura monolis-KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 21:121 (in synonymy of Oedura marmorata). 1957 Oedura monilis - COGGER, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 174; pis. 7b, 8 i - j . 1963 Oedura monilis - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 28; pi. 12. 1965 Oedura monilis - WERMUTH, D a s Tierreich, 80: 114. 1967 Oedura ocellata - BUSTARD, Herpetologica, 23: 312. 1967 Oedura monilis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1970 Oedura monilis - BUSTARD, Senckenberg. biol., 51: 29. 1970 Oedura ocellata - BUSTARD, Copeia, 1971: 658. 1971 Oedura monilis - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 13: 55. 1975 Oedura monilis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 170; figs. 4 1 4 - 4 1 5 . 1976 Oedura ocellata - SwANSON, Liz. Austral.: 14; pi. 15. 1981 Oedura ocellata - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1983 Oedura monilis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 189; figs. 4 6 3 - 4 6 4 . 1983 Oedura monilis - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 96. 1984 Oedura monilis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Oedura monilis - MOFFAT, H a n d b . Austral. Anim.: 326. 1985 Oedura monilis - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 177; fig. p. 177. 1985 Oedura monilis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1987 Oedura monilis - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 17; pi. 31. 1988 Oedura monilis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 86; fig. 203.

202 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1992

Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura

monilis monilis monilis monilis monilis ocellata ocellata monilis

-

GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55; fig. 23. WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. INGRAM, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 28: 19. SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 28; fig. p. 28. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 40. COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 264; upper fig. p. 264.

Distribution: North central Queensland to central New South Wales. See Map 48. Comments: BUSTARD (1967C) designated B M N H 64.10.27.2 as a lectotype of Oedura ocellata. C O G G E R , CAMERON & COGGER (1983) regarded this action as invalid because BUSTARD chose from the mixed syntype series a specimen which was not consistent with BOULENGER'S (1885 a) description. BOULENGER (1887 a) subsequently relegated O. ocellata to the synonymy of O. tryoni. Only BMNH 54.11.1.1 matches BOULENGER'S (1885 a) figure and description. We therefore regard this specimen as the lectotype by implication. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : BOULENGER 1 8 8 7 a ; BUSTARD 1 9 6 7 c ; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983. - O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; COGGER 1 9 6 4 . - M o r p h o l o g y : BUSTARD 1 9 6 9 d ; G U N D Y & WURST

1976; RÖSLER 1980b; RUSSELL & BAUER 1990b. -

Behavior: RÖSLER, 1983b, 1989a, 1989b. -

R e p r o d u c t i o n : BUSTARD 1967 b, 1969d; RÖSLER 1980 a, 1986 c, 1989 b; HENLE 1991. COGGER 1 9 5 7 ; BUSTARD 1 9 6 8 c , 1 9 7 1 ; L o w 1 9 7 8 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . 1 9 8 7 c; SEUFER 1 9 9 1 .

Oedura obscura

Biology:

Ecology:

RÖSLER 1 9 8 0 a , 1 9 8 2 ,

KING

1981 Oedura rhombifera SMITH & JOHNSTONE (partim), Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 220. 1985 Oedura obscura KING, Amphib.-Reptil., 5 [1983]: 330; figs. 1 - 2 . - Terra typica: " K i n g Leopold sandstone at 14°53'30" S χ 125°45Ό0" Ε near the Mitchell Plateau in N.W. Western Australia". Holotype: W A M R83706. 1988 Oedura obscura - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna 18(1): 13. 1988 Oedura obscura - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 86; fig. 204. 1989 Oedura obscura - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 80. 1989 Amalosia obscura - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. 1990 Oedura obscura - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 93; pi. 14, fig. 4. 1991 Oedura obscura - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. 1992 Oedura obscura - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 265; lower fig. p. 265.

Distribution: Northwest Kimberley and adjacent islands, Western Australia. See Map 48. References: R e p r o d u c t i o n :

SHEA & al. 1 9 8 8 . -

Ecology: KING 1985 b.

Oedura reticulata

BUSTARD

1969 Oedura reticulata BUSTARD, W. Austral. Natural., 11: 83; figs. 1 - 2 . - Terra typica: "9 miles N. of Kalanning, Western Australia, in Lat. 33 deg. 22 min. S., Long. 117 deg. 32 min. Ε". H o l o t y p e : W A M R23350.

1970 1971 1975 1978

Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura

reticulata reticulata reticulata reticulata

-

COVENTRY, Mem. Victoria nation. Mus., 31: 119. COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 13: 55. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 171. DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 7: 69.

203 1979 1981 1983 1983 1984 1985 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1991 1992

Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Amalosia reticulata Amalosia reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Amalosia reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata Oedura reticulata -

CHAPMAN & DELL, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 9: 119. DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 13(13): 50. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 190. COGGER & al. Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 96. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 75. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 10DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 216. WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 86; fig. 205. GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral., Liz.: 54. - WELLS & WELINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 94; pi. 14, fig. 5. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 265; fig. p. 266.

Distribution: Southwestern interior of Western Australia. See M a p 47. R e f e r e n c e s : R e p r o d u c t i o n : CHAPMAN & DELL 1978; SEUFER 1 9 8 5 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . - E c o l o g y : BUTLER 1 9 7 0 ; SMITH & CHAPMAN 1 9 7 6 ; KITCHENER & H o w 1 9 8 2 ; H o w & KITCHENER 1 9 8 3 ; CHAPMAN & DELL 1 9 8 5 ; KITCHENER & a l . 1 9 8 8 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . - C o n s e r v a t i o n : JENKINS 1 9 7 9 .

Oedura rhombifer

GRAY

1845 Oedura rhombifer GRAY (partim), Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll.Brit. Mus. 147. -

Terra typica:

"W.

A u s t r a l i a " ( r e s t r i c t e d t o " N A u s t r a l i a " b y COGGER i n COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ) . L e c t o t y p e : B M N H x x i i . 3 a ( d e s i g n a t e d b y COGGER i n COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ;

see O. lesueurii for paralectotype). 1851 Phyllodactylus Lesueurii - DUMERIL, A . H . A . (partim) in DUM£RIL & DUM£RIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 40. 1867 Oedura rhombifera GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: pi. 16, fig. 6 (unjustified emendation of Oedura rhombifer GRAY 1845). 1867 Phyllodactylus lesueurii - STEINDACHNER (partim), Reptil. Reise N o v a r a 1: 14. 1875 Oedura rhombifera - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 16; pi. 16, fig. 6. 1877 Oedura rhombifera - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffroy Cat., 6: 10. 1878 Oedura rhombifera - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 6: 637. 1879 Oedura rhombifera - SCHMELTZ, MUS. Godeffroy Cat., 7: 34. 1885 Oedura rhombifera - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 107. 1898 Oedura rhombifera - BROOM, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 22[1897]: 641. 1908 Oedura Lesueuri - WERNER (partim), Das Tierreich, 3: 59. 1909 Oedura rhombifera - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 214. 1913 Oedura rhombifera - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 52(3): 6. 1920 Oedura rhombifera - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. 1934 Oedura rhombifer - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 311. 1942 Oedura rhombifer - KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 21: 120. 1954 Oedura rhombifer - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. L o n d o n , 124: 477. 1955 Oedura rhombifer - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 181. 1955 Oedura rhombifera - MITCHELL, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 11: 380. 1957 Oedura lesueurii rhombifer - COGGER, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 177; pi. 7f. 1961 Oedura rhombifera - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 16. 1963 Oedura lesueurii rhombifer - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral. 27; pi. 12. 1965 Oedura lesueurii rhombifera - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 113. 1967 Oedura lesueurii rhombifer - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1970 Oedura lesueurii rhombifer - DAVEY, Austral. Liz.: 38; fig. p.43. 1975 Oedura rhombifer - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 171; fig. 416. 1981 Oedura rhombifer - COGGER, Proc. Melbourne herpetol. Symp.: 153. 1981 Oedura rhombifer - G o w , N . Territory Natural., 3: 14. 1981 Oedura rhombifer - G o w , N . Territory Natural., 3: 17.

204 1981 1981 1983 1983 1984 1985 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992

Oedura rhombifer - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. Oedura rhombifera - SMITH & JOHNSTONE (partim), Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 220. Oedura rhombifer - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Aust., 3rd ed.: 190; fig. 465. Oedura rhombifer - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 96. Amalosia rhombifer - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 75. Amalosia rhombifer - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 10. Oedura rhombifer - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 17; pi. 32. Oedura rhombifer - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna, 18(1): 13. Oedura rhombifer - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 86; fig. 206. Oedura rhombifera - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 66. Oedura rhombifer - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 76; fig. 184. Oedura rhombifera - LEGGETT, Queensl. Natural., 29: 78. Amalosia rhombifer - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Oedura rhombifer - SADLIER, Tech. Mem. Supervis. Sei. Alligator Rivers Reg., 32: 20; pi. 13. Oedura rhombifera - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 95; pi. 14, fig. 6. Oedura rhombifer - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. Oedura rhombifer - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Oedura rhombifer - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 266; upper fig. p. 266.

Distribution: Northern Australia from Broome to northern and central Queensland. Absent over much of the drier interior. See Map 47. Comments: The type series of Oedura rhombifer GRAY 1 8 4 5 is composite. COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER ( 1 9 8 3 ) did not provide justification for the restriction of the type locality from Western to northern Australia. See also synonymy of Oedura lesueurii. References: Taxonomy: 1 9 6 7 b ; RÖSLER 1 9 8 6 c . -

COGGER 1957. Karyology: Ecology:

KING 1987 b. -

Reproduction:

BUSTARD

COGGER 1957; WEBB & al. 1 9 7 2 ; COGGER & LINDNER 1974;

L o w 1978.

Oedura robusta

BOULENGER

\8850edura robusta BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 106; pi. 10, fig. 1. - Terra typica: "Australia". Lectotype: B M N H 54.11.1.2 (designated by WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985a). 1887 Oedura robusta - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 41. 1893 Oedura robusta - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil.-Samml. Senckenberg-Mus., 1: 26. 1909 Oedura robusta - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 213; fig. p. 213. 1915 Oedura robusta - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 52(7): 3. 1920 Oedura robusta - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 188. 1934 Oedura robusta - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 310. 1955 Oedura robusta - GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 182. 1957 Oedura robusta - COGGER, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 176; pi. 7d. 1961 Oedura robusta - GLAUERT, Handb. Liz. W. Austral.: 17. 1965 Oedura robusta - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 114. 1967 Oedura robusta - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: pi. 11. 1967 Oedura robusta - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1970 Oedura robusta - FRAUCA & FRAUCA, Wildlife Encycl.: 44; fig. p. 44. 1975 1976 1981 1983 1983 1984 1985 1985

Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Amalosia robusta Oedura robusta Amalosia robusta

COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 171; fig. 417. SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 14; pi. 16. INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 190; fig. 466. COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 97. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 75. MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 336; fig. p. 337. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 10.

205 1987 1988 1989 1989 1989 1990 1991 1991

Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Amalosia robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta Oedura robusta -

SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 17; pi. 33. WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 87; fig.207, text fig. 62b. GREER, Biol. Evol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 81; fig. 25. HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 77; fig. 185. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 29; fig. p. 29. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356.

1992 Oedura robusta - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 266; middle left fig. p. 267.

Distribution: East coastal Australia from northern New South Wales to the Atherton Tableland, Queensland. See Map 48. R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : COGGER 1 9 5 7 . - O s t e o l o g y : GREER 1 9 8 9 . - M o r p h o l o g y : MILLER 1 9 6 6 ; RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 9 0 b . - P h y s i o l o g y : GREER, 1 9 8 9 . - K a r y o l o g y : K I N G 1 9 8 7 b . - B e h a v i o r : MERTENS 1 9 4 6 . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : BUSTARD 1 9 6 7 b . - E c o l o g y : COGGER 1 9 5 7 ; CZECHURA & MILES 1 9 8 3 . - B i o l o g y : RÖSLER 1 9 8 7 C ; WEIGEL 1 9 8 8 . - P a r a s i t o l o g y : BAKER 1 9 8 7 .

Oedura tryoni DE VIS 1884 Oedura tryoni DE VIS, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., 1: 54. - Terra typica: " S t a n t h o r p e " [Queensland, Australia]. Neotype: A M S R21601, designated by BUSTARD (1966). Neotype locality: " M t . Marlay, Stanthorpe, south-eastern Queensland." 1885 Oedura ocellata BOULENGER (partim), Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 105; pi. 9, fig. 1. - Terra typica: "Australia". Lectotype: B M N H 54.11.1.1 (by implication; see O.monilis). 1885 Oedura Tryoni - BOULENGER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)16: 387. 1887 Oedura tryoni - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 483. 1887 Oedura tryoni - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 40. 1894 Oedura tryoni - OUDEMANS in SEMON, Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena, 8: 133. 1898 Oedura tryoni - BROOM, Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 22[1897]: 640. 1909 Oedura tryoni - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 213. 1909 Oedura ocellata - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: fig. p. 214. 1915 Oedura tryoni - FRY, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., 27(4): 87. 1920 Oedura tryoni - ZIETZ (partim), Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 188. 1934 Oedura marmorata - LOVERIDGE (partim), Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 309. 1942 Oedura marmorata - KINGHORN (partim), Ree. Austral. Mus., 21: 121. 1957 Oedura tryoni - COGGER (partim), Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales, 82: 175; pis.7c, 8 a - e . 1963 Oedura tryoni - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 28; pi. 12. 1965 Oedura tryoni - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 114. 1966 Oedura tryoni - BUSTARD, Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist., 14: 7. 1967 Oedura tryoni - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: 28. 1967 Oedura tryoni - Κ LUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1018. 1975 Oedura tryoni - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 172; figs.418-419. 1976 Oedura tryoni - SWANSSON, Liz. Austral.: 15; pi. 17. 1981 Oedura tryoni - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1983 Oedura tryoni - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 191; figs. 467-468. 1983 Oedura tryoni - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 97. 1984 Oedura tryoni - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Oedura tryoni - MOFFAT, H a n d b . Austral. Anim.: 346. 1985 Oedura tryoni - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 33; fig. p. 33. 1985 Oedura tryoni - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austr. J. herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1986 Oedura tryoni - CZECHURA, Queensl. Natural., 27: 63. 1987 Oedura tryoni - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 17; pi. 34. 1988 Oedura tryoni - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 87; fig. 208. 1989 Oedura tryoni - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 54. 1989 Oedura tryoni - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 77; fig. 186.

206 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991

Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura Oedura

tryoni tryoni tryoni tryoni tryoni

-

WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. INGRAM, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 28: 20. SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 30; fig. p. 30. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 22. COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356.

1992 Oedura tryoni - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 266; lower right fig. p. 267.

Distribution: Northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, Australia. See Map. 47. Comments: See Oedura monilis for a discussion of the status of O. ocellata BOULENGER 1 8 8 5 . R e f e r e n c e s : T a x o n o m y : COGGER 1 9 5 7 ; BUSTARD 1 9 6 6 . - M o r p h o l o g y : EDMUND 1 9 6 9 ; SUMIDA & MURPHY 1 9 8 7 ; RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 9 0 b . - P h y s i o l o g y : FIRTH 1 9 7 9 ; MINTON & MINTON 1 9 8 1 ; HEATWOLE 1 9 7 6 ; HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 . - B e h a v i o r : WELDON & a l . 1 9 9 3 . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : BUSTARD 1 9 6 7 b ; MILTON 1 9 8 0 ; SHINE 1 9 8 3 . - E c o l o g y : BROOM 1 8 9 8 ; COGGER 1957; BUSTARD 1 9 6 6 . - B i o l o g y : FIRTH 1979; WEIGEL 1 9 8 8 .

Perochirus

BOULENGER

1885 Perochirus BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 154. - Species typica: Hemidactylus

ateles

DUMERIL 1 8 5 6 ( b y s u b s e q u e n t d e s i g n a t i o n , WERMUTH 1 9 6 5 ) .

Distribution: Micronesia (see island lists), Vanuatu. Fossils possibly referrable to the genus have been found on 'Eua, Tonga (PREGILL 1 9 9 3 ) . Comments: Subfamily Gekkoninae. Tribe Gekkonini. BROWN ( 1 9 7 6 ) provided a key to species. References: Taxonomy: BROWN 1976. - Zoogeography: BAUER 1988b. - Osteology: RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 8 8 b ; PREGILL 1 9 9 3 . - M o r p h o l o g y : WERNER 1 9 6 9 ; JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973;

RUSSELL & BAUER 1 9 8 8 b ; 1 9 9 0 a . -

P a l e o n t o l o g y : PREGILL 1993.

Species Referred: Perochirus ateles P. scutellatus (FISCHER 1 8 8 2 ) .

(DUMERIL 1 8 5 6 ) ,

P. guentheri

BOULENGER

1885,

Key to the Species of Perochirus 1 V 2 2'

40 or fewer interorbital scale rows Approximately 50 interorbital scale rows Digits and II attached throughout most of length of scansorial pad Digits I and II free for half or more of length of pad

Perochirus ateles

2 P. scutellatus, p. 208 P. ateles, p. 206 P. guentheri, p. 207

(DUMERIL)

1856 Hemidactylus ateles DUMERIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8:462; pi. 18, fig. 9. - Terra typica: "Environs de Samboangan, petite ville de l'ile Mindanao (Philippines)" [ = Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippines]. Holotype: M N H N 6602. 1882 Hemidactylus ateles var. articulatus FISCHER, Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin, 48: 297; pi. 17, figs. 20-25. - Terra typica: "Ponape" [Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia]. Lectotype: B M N H 1946.8.26.38, (designated by implication by BROWN 1976, who listed this specimen as the holotype).

207 1882 Hemidactylus ateles var. depressus FISCHER, Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin, 48: 300; pi. 17, figs. 31 36 (non Hemidactylus depressus GRAY 1842). - Terra typica: "Insel R u k " [ = Fefan Island, Truk Group, Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia]. Syntypes: BMNH 1946.8.14.73-74.

1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1903 1922 1932 1934 1956 1961 1963 1965 1965 1965

Perochirus ateles - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 154. Perochirus depressus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 155. Perochirus articulatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 156. Hemidactylus ateles - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 7: 708. Hemidactylus ateles var. depressa - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 7: 708. Perochirus articulatus - BRYAN, OCC. Pap. B.P. Bishop Mus., 2: 116. Perochirus ateles - TAYLOR Philippine Bur. Sei. Publ., 17: 65; fig. 7. Perochirus articulatus - BURT & BURT, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 63: 509. Perochirus articulatus - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 37. Perochirus articulatus - BROWN, Proc. Pacific Sei. Congr., 3A: 1486. Perochirus articulatus - SAKAGAMI, Pacific Sei., 15: 98. Perochirus articulatus - NIERING, Ecol. Monogr., 33: 155. Perochirus ateles - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 125. Perochirus articulatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 125. Perochirus klugei - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: χ (replacement name for Hemidactylus ateles v a r . depressus

1975 1976 1978 1990 1991 1991

Perochirus Perochirus Perochirus Perochirus Perochirus Perochirus

FISCHER 1882).

ateles ateles ateles ateles ateles ateles

-

MEDWAY & MARSHALL, Transact. Roy. Soc. London, (B)272: 441. BROWN, OCC. Pap. Californ. Acad. Sei., 126: 4; fig. 1. BROWN & ALCALA, Philippine Liz. Fam. Gekkonidae: 6. WELCH, Liz. Orient: 30. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 24. BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 30.

Distribution: Micronesia (see island lists). The Philippine type locality of this taxon is definitely in error (BROWN 1976) and it appears likely that the correct locality should be Ruk Island [= Fenfan Island, Truk Group, Caroline Islands], The populations on Guam may now be extinct as a result of predation by the introduced snake Boiga irregularis (RODDA & al. 1991; RODDA & FRITTS 1992). Records from Belau need confirmation. Extralimital on Minami Tori Shima (Bonin Islands, Japan). See Map 49. References: T a x o n o m y : BROWN 1976. -

E c o l o g y : BRYAN 1903; NIERING 1963; WILES & al. 1989;

Rodda & Fritts 1992. - Reproduction: BRYAN 1903.

Perochirus guentheri

BOULENGER

1885 Perochirus guentheri BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 155; pi. 12, fig. 4. - Terra typica: "Erromango, New Hebrides" [ = Vanuatu]. Syntypes: BMNH 60.3.18.10-11. 1901 Perochirus guentheri - WERNER, Zool. Jb., 14: 380. 1959 Perochirus guentheri - SOLEM, Fieldiana (Zool.), 43: 313. 1963 Perochirus guentheri - KLUGE, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 14: 84. 1965 Perochirus guentheri - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 125. 1967 Perochirus guentheri - KLUGE, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 135: 29. 1975 Perochirus guentheri - MEDWAY & MARSHALL, Transact. Roy. Soc. London, (B)272: 441. 1976 Perochirus guentheri - BROWN, Occ. Pap. Californ. Acad. Sei., 126: 7. 1991 Perochirus guentheri - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 24.

Distribution: Vanuatu. See Map 49. References: Biogeography: BAUER 1988 c.

208 Perochirus scutellatus

(FISCHER)

1882 Hemidactylus ateles \ar. scutellatus FISCHER, Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin, 48:299; pi. 17, figs. 2 6 30. - Terra typica: "Greenwich Island" [ = Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia], Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.14.76 (fide Brown 1976). 1885 Perochirus scutellatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 156. 1965 Perochirus scutellatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 125. 1976 Perochirus scutellatus - BROWN, Occ. Pap. Californ. Acad. Sei., 126: 8. 1991 Perochirus scutellatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 24.

Distribution: Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands. See Map 49.

Map 49. Distribution of Perochirus. P. ateles = closed circles (1 - type locality of Hemidactylus ateles var. articulatus; 2 - type locality of Hemidactylus ateles var. depressus); P. guentheri = closed triangle; P. scutellatus = open square. Type localities of taxa other than P. ateles indicated by circled stars.

Phyllurus

GOLDFUSS

1807 Geckoides PF.RON, Voy. Decouv. Terres Austral., 1: 405. - Species typica: "Gecko platurus Shaw" ( = Lacerta platura SHAW 1 7 9 0 ; by original designation). 1817 Phyllurus OKEN, Isis (OKEN), 1(8): 1183 (nomen nudum). 1820 Phyllurus GOLDFUSS, Handb. Zool., 3: 156. - Species typica: Phyllurus spinosus GOLDFUSS 1820 (from the vernacular of LACEPEDE 1788 2: pi. 23, fig. 1 (by monotypy). 1827 Phyllura K A U P Isis. (OKEN), 20[1826]: 613 (replacement name for Phyllurus OKEN 1817).

209 Distribution: East Coastal Australia from central Cape York Peninsula, Queensland to Sydney area, New South Wales, extending inland in southern Queensland. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Carphodactylini. Gecko ides PERON 1807 has consistently been treated as a nomen oblitum by reviewers of this taxon. The generic name Phyllurus has frequently been attributed to SCHINZ (1822). References: P h y l o g e n y :

KLUGE 1 9 6 7 b ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . -

Taxonomy:

COVACEVICH 1975; RUSSELL

1980; BAUER 1980a. - Zoogeography: KLUGE 1967b; KING 1987a; BAUER 1990a. - Distribution: BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . -

Osteology:

GREER 1989. -

Morphology:

CAMP 1923; KLUGE 1 9 8 3 b . -

Ka-

ryology: KING 1977b, 1987a, b.

Species Referred: Phyllurus caudiannulatus COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 , P. cornutus P.platurus (SHAW 1 7 9 0 ) , P. salebrosus COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 .

(OGIL-

BY 1 8 9 2 ) ,

Key to the Species of Phyllurus 1 1' 2 2' 3 3'

Rostral contacts nostril Rostral excluded from nostril Throat tuberculate Throat smooth Scales at metatarsal-phalangeal joint tuberculate Scales at metatarsal-phalangeal joint spinose

Phyllurus caudiannulatus

P. salebrosus, P. cornutus, P. platurus, P. caudiannulatus,

p. p. p. p.

2 3 214 210 211 209

COVACEVICH

1975 Phyllurus caudiannulatus COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 17: 297; figs. 2 - 4 ; pis. 36a, 37c, 38 a, 39 a, 40 a. - Terra typica: "Bulburin State Forest, via Many Peaks" [Queensland, Australia], Holotype: QM J15619. 1975 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 175; fig. 425. 1981 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 294. 1983 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 193; fig. 474. 1983 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 98. 1984 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1988 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 88; figs. 213-214. 1989 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 59. 1989 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 24. 1990 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 157; fig. 70. 1991 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 27. 1991 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Phyllurus caudiannulatus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 269; fig. p. 268.

Distribution: South and central eastern Queensland, Australia. Several disjunct populations. See Map 50. Comments: Phyllurus caudiannulatus as presently defined is a composite species. Descriptions of three new taxa are being prepared for publication (J. Covacevich, in litt.). References: Distribution: COVACEVICH 1975; BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: GREER 1989. - Morphology: ARNOLD 1986. - Ecology: Covacevich 1975. - Conservation: KENNEDY 1990. - Parasitology:

ARNOLD 1986.

210 Phyllurus cornutus

(OGILBY)

1892 Gymnodactylus cornutus OGILBY, Ree. Austral. Mus., 2: 8. - Terra typiea: "Bellenden-Ker Ranges, North-eastern Queensland" [Australia] (a note with the specimen reads "Herbert River, Q. 13/10/91 Ogilby"). Holotype: AMS R749 (COGGER 1979 listed a syntype series, but COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983 list this specimen as holotype). 1897 Phyllurus lichenosus GÜNTHER, Novit. Zool., 4: 404; pi. 12. - Terra typica: "Bartle Frere Mountains... North-eastern Queensland" [Australia]. Holotype: presumed lost (fide COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1983).

1897 1901 1909 1915

Phyllurus cornutus - GÜNTHER, Novit. Zool., 4: 405. Phyllurus cornutus - GARMAN, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 39: 2. Gymnodactylus cornutus - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 209. Gymnodactylusplaturus - LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 52(7): 3 (nec Phyllurus

platurus

[SHAW 1790]).

1920 Gymnodactylus cornutus - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 183. 1934 Phyllurus cornutus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 299. 1950 Gymnodactylus spy rurus -BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 31 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Gymnodactylus spyrurus OGILBY 1892; non Gymnodactylus sphyrurus OGILBY 1892). 1954 Phyllurus cornutus - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 474. 1963 Phyllurus cornutus - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 29; pi. 14, fig. a. 1965 Phyllurus cornutus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 148. 1997 Phyllurus cornutus - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: pi. 6. 1967 Phyllurus cornutus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. 1970 Phyllurus cornutus - FRAUCA & FRAUCA, Wildlife Encycl.: 44; fig. p. 44. 1973 Phyllurus cornutus - DALE, Forty Queensl. Liz.: 32; fig. p. 33. 1975 Phyllurus cornutus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 174; figs. 78, 423, 424. 1975 Phyllurus cornutus - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 17: 295; figs. 1, 3 - 4 ; pis. 36 A, 37D, 38 D , 39 D , 4 0 C .

1976 Phyllurus cornutum - SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 18; pi. 28 (unjustified emendation of Phyllurus cornutus [OGILBY 1892]). 1981 Phyllurus cornutus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 300. 1893 Phyllurus cornutus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 194; fig. p. 153; figs. 86, 4 7 2 , 473.

1983 1984 1985 1985 1985 1985 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992

Phyllurus cornutus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 98. Phyllurus cornutus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. Phyllurus cornutus - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 322; fig. p. 322. Phyllurus cornutus - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 50; fig. p. 51. Phyllurus cornutus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. Phyllurus swaini -WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. - Terra typica: "Richmond Range State Forest, New South Wales" [Australia], Holotype: AMS 116978. Phyllurus cornutus - FRITH & FRITH, Austral, trop. Reptil. & Frogs: 29; fig. p. 28. Phyllurus cornutum - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 18; pi. 36. Phyllurus cornutus - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 221; fig. 77. Phyllurus cornutus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 88; figs. 215-217, text fig. p. 62f. Phyllurus cornutus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 75. Phyllurus cornutus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Phyllurus swaini - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 23. Phyllurus cornutus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 157; fig. 71. Phyllurus cornutus - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 31; fig. p. 31. Phyllurus cornutus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 27. Phyllurus cornutus - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Phyllurus cornutus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 269; figs. p. 269.

Distribution: Four disjunct populations: Northern Cape York Peninsula near Coen (Queensland); Townsville to Cooktown, Queensland; Stanthorpe, Queens-

211 land; extreme southeastern Queensland through central coastral New South Wales, Australia. See Map 50. Comments: There are several unnamed populations presently subsummed within Phyllurus cornutus that warrant specific recognition. Phyllurus swaini WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985 may well be valid, although justification for its recognition was not adeguately documented in the description. References: Taxonomy: COVACEVICH 1975. - Distribution: COVACEVICH 1975; BAUER 1990a. O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1 9 6 0 ; GREER 1 9 8 9 . -

NER 1969; RÖSLER 1980b, 1985b. -

Morphology:

Karyology: KING 1987b. -

KLUGE 1 9 6 7 a ; WER-

Behavior: BUSTARD 1965b;

RÖSLER 1 9 8 1 a , 1 9 8 3 b , 1 9 8 9 a . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : RÖSLER 1 9 8 6 c. - E c o l o g y : LOVERIDGE 1 9 3 4 ; BUSTARD 1 9 6 5 b ; COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 ; SHINE 1 9 8 0 . - B i o l o g y : RÖSLER 1 9 8 1 a , 1 9 8 7 c ; PETERS 1 9 8 8 . - P a l e o n t o l o g y : COGGER & HEATWOLE 1 9 8 1 .

Phyllurus platurus

(SHAW)

1790 Lacerta Platura SHAW in WHITE, J.Voy. New S.Wales: 246; pi. 32, fig. 2. - Terra typica: New South Wales, Australia (by implication). Holotype: probably BMNH xxii.98 (a cleared and stained specimen; fide COVACEVICH 1975). 1792 Stellio phyllurus SCHNEIDER, Amphib. Physiol. Spec. Alt.: 31 (replacement name for Lacerta platura SHAW 1790). 1802 Stellio platurus - DAUDIN, Hist. nat. Gen. Part. Reptil., 4: 24. 1802 Lacerta Platura - SHAW, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 247; pi. 65 (top fig.). 1804 Agama grandoculis LACEPEDE, Ann. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, 4: 191. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle-Hollande" [ = Australia]. Holotype: Probably M N H N , not located. This species was not mentioned by Brygoo (1991). 1804 Lacerta platura - HAMMER, Obs. Zool.: 266. 1807 Geckoides platurus - PERON, Voy. Decouv. Terres Austral., 1: 405. 1812 Stellio phyllurus - SCHNEIDER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. München, 1811/1812: 67. 1820 Phyllurus spinosus - GOLDFUSS, Handb. Zool., 3: 156 (replacement name for Lacerta platura SHAW 1 7 9 0 ; f r o m t h e v e r n a c u l a r o f LACEPEDE 1 7 8 8 2: p i . 2 3 , fig. 1).

1820 Agama platyura MERREM, Vers. Syst. Amphib.: 51 (replacement name for Lacerta platura SHAW 1 7 9 0 ) .

1820 Agama discosura MERREM, Vers. Syst. Amphib.: 51 (from the vernacular "lezard discosure" of LACEPEDE 1804). - Terra typica: "Nova Hollandia" [ = Australia], Holotype: none designated. 1820 Stellio phylluros MERREM, Vers. Syst. Amphib.: 51 (unjustified emendation of Stellio phyllurus SCHNEIDER 1 7 9 2 , i n s y n o n y m y ) .

1820 Stellio platuros MERREM, Vers. Syst, Amphib.: 51 (unjustified emendation of Stellio platurus DAUDIN 1 8 0 2 , i n s y n o n y m y ) .

1820 Stellio phyllurus - TILESIUS von TILENAU, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, 7: 349. 1822 Phyll[urus] novaehollandiae SCHINZ, Das Thierreich CUVIER: 79 (from CUVIER manuscript; replacement name for Lacerta platura SHAW 1790). 1823 Phyllurus Cuvieri BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., 1: pi. 4, fig. 2. - Terra typica: "Environs de port Jackson" [New South Wales, Australia]; based on the locality provided in the text which appeared two years after the illustration. The date of the description is that of the original illustration. Holotype: not located (fide BRYGOO 1991). 1825 Phyllurus cuvieri - BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., 7: 183. 1825 PfhyllurusJ whitii GRAY, Ann. Philos., (2)10: 198. Terra typica: not given. Holotype: BMNH?, not located. 1826 Phyllurus platurus - FITZINGER, Neue Classif. Reptil.: 47. 1827 Phyllura discosura - KAUP, Isis (OKEN), 20: 613. 1827 Phyllura grandoculis - KAUP, Isis (OKEN), 20: 613. 1828 Phyllurus Cuvierii - BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Resume Erpetol.: 130; pi. 25, fig. 1.

212 1830 Gymnodactylus platyurus - WAGLER, Natürl. Syst. Amphib.: 144. 1831 Phyllurus cuvieri- BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Diet. Class. Hist. nat. Atlas, 17: pi. 120, fig. 2. 1831 Cyrtodactylus Platura - GRAY in GRIFFITH & PIDGEON, Anim. Kingd. CUVIER, 9 (Synops. Spec.): 52. 1833 Phyllurus Whitii - VAN DER HOEVEN, Handb. Dierk., 2: 344. 1834 Gecko platycaudus - SCHINZ (partim), Naturgesch. Abbild. Reptil.: 75; pi. 17, fig. 3 (replacement name for Stellio phyllurus SCHNEIDER 1792). 1834 Gymnodactylus (Phyllurus) phyllurus - WIEGMANN, Herpetol. Mex.: 19. 1836 Gymnodactylus phyllurus - DUMERIL & BIBRON, Erpetol. gen., 3: 428. 1839 Lacerta platura - DUVERNOY in CUVIER, Regne Anim., 3rd ed.: pi. 20 bis. 1839 Phyllurus australis SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Fishes, Amphib. & Reptil., 2: 370, fig. 123a (replacement name for Phyllurus platurus [WHITE 1790]). 1842 Phyllurus cuvierii- BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Traite elem. Erpetol. Hist. nat. Reptil.: 130 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Phyllurus cuvieri BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT 1823). 1843 Phyllurus Cuvierii - BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, Iconogr. Reptil.: 8; pi. 25, fig. 1. 1843 Gymnodactylus (Phyllurus) platurus - FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 18, 92. 1845 Phyllurus platurus - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 176. 1845 Phyllurus inermis GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 176. - Terra typica: "New Holland" [= Australia], Holotype: BMNH xxii. lOO.a. 1845 Phyllurus platura - RÜPPELL, Verz. Mus. senckenberg. naturf. Ges. Samml., 3: 300. 1851 Gymnodactylus Phyllurus - DUMERIL, A. H. A. in DUMERIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 46. 1854 Gymnodactylus Phyllurus - DUMERIL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9: 255. 1856 Gymnodactylus phyllurus - DUM£RIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 471. 1856 Gymnodactylus inermis - DUMERIL, Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 472. 1858 Phyllurus platurus - GIRARD, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herpetol.: 303. 1858 Phyllurus inermis - GIRARD, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herpetol.: 304. 1867 Phyllurus platurus - STEINDACHNER, Reptil. Reise Novara 1: 14. 1867 Phyllurus inermis - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6; pi. 17, fig. 1. 1867 Phyllurus platurus - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6; pi. 17, fig. 3. 1875 Phyllurus platurus - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17; pi. 17, fig. 3. 1875 Phyllurus inermis - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17; pi. 17, fig. 1. 1878 Phyllurus platurus - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 6: 639. 1878 Phyllurus inermis - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 6: 639. 1885 Gymnodactylus platurus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 49. 1887 Gymnodactylus platurus - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 53. 1893 Gymnodactylus platurus - BOETTGER, Kat. Reptil. Samml., 1: 24. 1897 Phyllurus platurus - GÜNTHER, Novit. Zool., 4: 404; pi. 12 A. 1908 1909 1910 1920 1934 1950 1954 1963 1965 1967 1967 1970 1975 1975

Gymnodactylus platurus - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3: 59. Gymnodactylus phyllurus - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 209. Gfymnodactylus] platyurus - WERNER, Fauna Südwest-Austral., 2: 453. Gymnodactylus platurus - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 183. Phyllurus platurus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 298. Gymnodactylus platurus - BARRETT, Reptil. Austral.: 31; fig. p. 33. Phyllurus platurus - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 474. Phyllurus platurus - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 29; pi. 9, fig. c. Phyllurus platurus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 148. Phyllurus platurus - COGGER, Reptil. Austral. Colour: 28. Phyllurus platurus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1017. Phyllurus platurus - DAVEY (partim), Austral. Liz.: 33. Phyllurus platurus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 175; fig. 426. Phyllurus platurus - COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 17: 294; figs. 3 - 4 ; pis. 37Β, 38C,

1976 1979 1983 1983

Phyllurus Phyllurus Phyllurus Phyllurus

39 C , 4 0 D .

platurus platurus platurus platurus

-

SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 18; pi. 27. MCPHEE, Observ. Book Snakes & Liz. Austral.: 98; pi. 35. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 194; fig. 475. COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 99.

213 1984 Phyllurus platurus 1985 Phyllurus platurus 1 9 8 5 Phyllurus platurus 1987 Phyllurus platurus 1987 Phyllurus platurus 1988 Phyllurus platurus 1989 Phyllurus platurus 1 9 8 9 Phyllurus platurus 1 9 8 9 Phyllurus platurus 1 9 9 0 Phyllurus platurus 1990 Phyllurus platurus 1991 Phyllurus platurus 1991 Phyllurus platurus 1992 Phyllurus platurus

- WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 77. - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 143; fig. p. 142. - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. - GRIFFITHS, Reptil. Sydney Reg.: 62; fig. p. 62. - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 18; pi. 37. - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 88; fig. 218. - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 53; fig. 21. - HOSER, Austral. Reptil. & Frogs: 7 8 ; figs. 1 8 7 - 1 8 9 . - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 5 0 6 : 2 4 . - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 3 0 : 160; figs. 7 3 - 7 4 . - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 32; fig. p. 32. - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 27. - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, ( 4 ) 1 2 : 51. - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 271; fig. p. 270.

Distribution: Sydney-Hawkesbury sandstone region of New South Wales, Australia. See Map 50. Comments: See SHERBORN (1891) for information regarding the attribution of Lacerta platura to SHAW rather than WHITE. References: Taxonomy: COVACEVICH 1975; BRYGOO 1991. - Distribution: COVACEVICH 1975; BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: STEPHENSON & STEPHENSON 1956; HOLDER 1960; STEPHENSON 1960; GREER 1989. - Morphology: LEYDIG 1876; GADOW 1901; MILLER 1966; WERNER 1969; HILLER 1971. - Behavior: MEBS 1973; GREEN 1973; BROWN 1985. - Reproduction: GREEN 1973; SHINE

Map 50. Distribution of Phyllurus. - P. caudiannulatus = open square. - P. comutus = closed triangle (1 - type locality of Gymnodactylus cornutus and Phyllurus lichenosus; 2 - type locality of Phyllurus swaini). - P. platurus = open circle (type locality of Phyllurus cuvieri indicated). - P. salebrosus = closed circle. - Type localities indicated by circled stars.

214 1 9 8 3 b ; GREER 1 9 8 9 . - E c o l o g y : GREEN 1 9 7 3 ; ROSE 1 9 7 4 ; COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 ; HARLOW & VAN DER STRAATEN 1 9 7 6 ; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 . - P a r a s i t o l o g y : GREEN 1 9 7 3 ; BAKER 1 9 8 7 . - C o n s e r v a t i o n : KENNEDY 1 9 9 0 . - B i o l o g y : M C P H E E 1 9 7 9 ; GRIFFITHS 1 9 8 7 ; WEIGEL 1 9 8 8 .

Phyllurus salebrosus

COVACEVICH

1975 Phyllurus salebrosus COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 17: 300; figs. 3 - 4 ; pis. 36 c, 37 a, 38 b, 39b, 40b. - Terra typica: "Monto, SE Q." [Queensland, Australia], Holotype: QM J8142. 1979 Phyllurus salebrosus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 2nd ed.: 574. 1981 Phyllurus salebrosus - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 20: 294. 1983 Phyllurus salebrosus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 195. 1983 Phyllurus salebrosus - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 99. 1983 Phyllurus salebrosus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Phyllurus salebrosus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 14. 1988 Phyllurus salebrosus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 89; fig. 219. 1989 Phyllurus salebrosus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 75. 1990 Phyllurus salebrosus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 163; fig. 75. 1991 Phyllurus salebrosus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 28. 1991 Phyllurus salebrosus - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Phyllurus salebrosus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 271.

Distribution: Coastal and interior southern Queensland, Australia. See Map 50. R e f e r e n c e s : D i s t r i b u t i o n : COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . E c o l o g y : COVACEVICH 1 9 7 5 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a .

Rhacodactylus

Morphology:

RÖSLER 1 9 8 5 b .

-

FITZINGER

1843 Rhacodactylus FITZINGER, Syst. Reptil.: 90. - Species typica: AfscalabotesJ leachianus Cuvier 1829 (by original designation). 1866 Correlophus GUICHENOT, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Cherbourg, 12: 249. - Species typica: Correlophus ciliatus GUICHENOT 1866 (by monotypy). 1873 Ceratolophus BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 4: 204 (non Ceratolophus KEFFER 1899 = Diptera). - Species typica: Ceratolophus hexaceros BOCAGE 1873 (by monotypy). 1878 Chameleonurus BOULENGER, Bull. Soc. zool. France, 3: 68. - Species typica: Chameleonurus trachycephalus BOULENGER 1878 (by monotypy). 1889 Chamaeleonurus CARUS, Zool. Anz. (Register): 83 (unjustified emendation of Chameleonurus BOULENGER 1 8 7 8 ) .

1934 Torresia BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17:176 (non Torresia CASTELNAU 1876 = Pisces). - Species typica: Thecadactylus australis GÜNTHER 1877 (by orignal designation). 1936 Pseudothecadactylus BRONGERSMA, Zool. Med., Leiden, 19: 136 (nomen novum pro Torresia BRONGERSMA 1 9 3 4 ) .

1972 Ceratophus MUFTI & HAFIZ, Biologia (Lahore), 18: 191 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Ceratolophus BOCAGE 1873). 1988 Pseudothecadaxtylus DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 220 (incorrect subsequent s p e l l i n g o f Pseudothecadactylus

BRONGERSMA 1 9 3 6 ) .

1990 Phacodactylus RÖSLER, Vestn. Zool., 1990(2): 81 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Rhacodactylus

FITZINGER 1 8 4 3 ) .

Distribution: New Caledonia; Cape York Peninsula and islands of Torres Strait (Queensland), Arnhem Land (Northern Territory), and Kimberley (Western Australia), Australia. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Carphodactylini. On the basis

215 of morphological features, BAUER ( 1 9 9 0 a) subsumed the Australian genus Pseudothecadactylus within Rhacodactylus. This is not, however, corroborated by molecular data and the generic assignment of the Australian taxa remains tentative. References: Phylogeny: KLUGE 1967b; KING 1987a, 1990; BAUER 1990a; BAUER & al. 1993. Taxonomy: BAUER 1990 a. - Zoogeography: KLUGE 1967 b; HOLLOW AY 1979; K I N G 1987 a, 1990; BAUER 1990 a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - Distribution: BROWN 1956; BAUER 1990 a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - Osteology: KLUGE 1967b; BAUER & RUSSELL 1988b; BAUER 1990a. - Morphology: MERTENS 1964 b; UNDERWOOD 1970; JULLIEN & RENOUS-LECURU 1973; RUSSELL & B A U ER 1986; PERRY & al. 1989; BAUER & RUSSELL 1990b; BAUER & al. 1990, 1993. - Karyology: KING 1987a, b; KING & MENGDEN 1990. - Behavior: BAUER 1990a. - Reproduction: SHINE 1985a, b; BAUER 1990a. - Ecology: Roux 1913; MEIER 1979; BAUER 1990b; BAUER & RUSSELL 1990b; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - Parasitology: BAUER & al. 1990, 1993; ARNOLD 1993. - Biology: MERTENS 1964a; MEIER 1979.

Species Referred: Rhacodactylus auriculatus ("BAVAY 1869), R. australis ( G Ü N 1877), R. cavaticus (COGGER 1975), R. chahoua (BAVAY 1869), R. ciliatus (GUICHENOT 1866), R.leachianus (CUVIER 1829), R.lindneri (COGGER 1975), R. sarasinorum Roux 1913, R. trachyrhynchus BOCAGE 1873. THER

Key to the Species of Rhacodactylus 1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7

All digits clawed 2 Digit I of manus clawless 7 Body with loose folds of skin along throat and flanks, digits half-webbed 3 Body without lateral folds, digits less than one third webbed 4 Rostral contacts nostril R. chahoua, p. 219 Rostral excluded from nostril R. leachianus, p. 220 Pair of posteriorly converging ciliated crests on dorsum R. ciliatus, p. 219 Dorsal scales generally homogeneous 5 Head with raised bosses or rugosities 6 Head smooth, no bosses or rugosities R. sarasinorum, p. 221 Snout rugose R. trachyrhynchus, p. 222 Raised orbital and aural bosses present, snout smooth R. auriculatus, p. 215 Rostral scales approximately as broad as high; ear opening approximately same size as nostril R. australis, p. 216 7' Rostral much broader than high; ear opening at least five times size of nostril 8 8 Rostral excluded from nostril; dorsal body scalation homogenous R. lindneri, p. 221 8' Rostral narrowly contacts nostril; dorsal body scalation heterogeneous . . R. cavaticus, p. 218

Rhacodactylus auriculatus

(BAVAY)

1869 Platydactylus auriculatus BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 1 5 : 6. - Terra typica: "Mont d'Or" [ = Mont Dore, New Caledonia]. Holotype: EMNB?, presumed lost (see BRYGOO 1991). 1873 Ceratolophus hexaceros BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math.phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 4: 205. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle Caledonie". Syntypes: MLI (destroyed by fire). 1879 Platydactylus (Ceratolophus) auriculatus- SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. philomat., Paris, (7)3: 67. 1881 Ceratolophus auriculatus - BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math.phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 8 : 130. 1883 Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1 8 8 3 : 127. 1885 Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 179. 1887 Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3 : 488. 1887 Rhacodactylus auriculatus - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 27.

216 1889 1913 1920 1932 1934 1949 1956 1964 1965 1967 1972 1979 1988 1990 1990

1990 1991 1991

Rhacodactylus auriculatus - MÜLLER, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, 8: 697. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 99. Ceratolophus auriculatus - WOODLAND, Quart. J. microscop. Sei., 65: 63. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BURT & BURT, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 6 3 : 479. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17: 166. Gecko ceratolophus BORING & al., Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 17: 85 (in error for Ceratolophus auriculatus [BAVAY 1869] as used by WOODLAND 1920). Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., Ill A: 1486. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - MERTENS, Zool. Garten (n.F.), 29: 52; fig. 7. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 158. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. Ceratophus auriculatus - MUFTI & HAFIZ, Biologia (Lahore), 18: 191 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Ceratolophus auriculatus BAVAY 1869, as used by WOODLAND 1920). Rhacodactylus auriculatus - MEIER, Salamandra, 15: 113. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 223; pi. 7, fig. 2. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 166; fig. 76. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 4 7 : 3 0 . Phacodactylus auriculatus - RÖSLER, Vestn. Zool., 1990(2): 81. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. Rhacodactylus auriculatus - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, ( 4 ) 1 2 : 31.

Distribution: Southern New Caledonia, in regions of ultramafic soils. See Map 51.

References: Taxonomy: BAUER 1990 a. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. Osteology: BAUER & RUSSELL 1990b. - Morphology: EDMUND 1969; RIEPPEL 1984; BAUER & RUSSELL 1988 a, 1990 b; BAUER & al. 1990. - Karyology: KING & MENGDEN 1990. - Behavior: MEIER 1979; RÖSLER 1989a; BAUER 1990a. WELDON & al. 1993. - Reproduction: HENKEL 1986b, 1991, 1993; RÖSLER 1986C, 1988, 1989c, d; BAUER 1990a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990; TYTLE 1992. - Ecology: BAVAY 1869; MERTENS 1964a; MEIER 1979; BÖHME & HENKEL 1985; BAUER & DEVANEY 1987; BAUER 1990a; SAMEIT 1985; BAUER & RUSSELL 1990b; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. Parasitology: BÖHME & HENKEL 1985; BAUER 1990a; BAUER & al. 1990,1993. - Biology: RÖSLER 1987 c, 1988.

Rhacodactylus australis 1877

1885 1902 1912 1920 1934 1934 1936 1954 1960

1963 1965 1967 1975 1975 1981

1983 1983 1984

(GÜNTHER

1877)

Thecadactylus australis GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ( 4 ) 1 9 : 4 1 4 . - Terra typica: "Somerset and in the islands of Torres Straits" [Queensland, Australia]. Holotype: BMNH 7 7 . 3 . 3 . 1 2 . Thecadactylus australis - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 112. Thecadactylus australis - SCHAEFER, Arch. Naturgesch., 68: 34. Thecadactylus australis - BARBOUR, Mem. Mus. comp. Zool., 44: 52, 180. Thecadactylus australis - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 189. Thecadactylus australis - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 311. Torresia australis - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17: 166, 176; figs. 5 - 7 . Pseudothecadactylus australis - BRONGRESMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 19: 136. Pseudothecadactylus australis - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 479. Thecadactylus australis - STEPHENSON, J . Linn. Soc. Zool., 4 4 : 2 8 0 . Thecadactylus australis - WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 30. Pseudothecadactylus australis - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 153. Pseudothecadactylus australis - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1016. Pseudothecadactylus australis - COGGER, Ree. Austral. Mus., 30: 87; fig. 4 (bottom). Pseudothecadactylus australis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 176; fig. 427. Pseudothecadactylus australis - INGRAM & COVACEVICH, Mem. Queensl. Mus., 2 0 : 3 0 0 . Pseudothecadactylus australis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 195; fig. 476. Pseudothecadactylus australis - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 99. Pseudothecadactylus australis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 5 .

217

Map 51. Distribution of Rhacodactylus in New Caledonia. - R. auriculatus = open circle. - R. chahoua = open square (1 - holotype locality of Platydactylus chahoua, 2 - neotype locality of P. chahoua). - R. ciliatus = open triangle. - R. leachianus = closed circle. - R. sarasinorum = closed square. - R. trachyrhynchus = closed triangle. - Type localites of taxa other than R. chahoua indicated by circled stars.

1985 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1990 1991 1991 1992

Pseudothecadactylus australis - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. Pseudothecadactylus australis - COVACEVICH, Queensl. Natural., 28: 25. Pseudothecadactylus australis - FRITH & FRITH, Austral, trop. Reptil. & Frogs: 29; fig. p. 29. Pseudothecadactylus australis - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 220; fig. 76. Pseudothecadaxtylus australis - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim: 220. Pseudothecadactylus australis - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 89; fig. 220. Pseudothecadactylus australis - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 55. Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) australis- BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 180; fig. 87. Rhacodactylus australis - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. Rhacodactylus australis - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. Pseudothecadactylus australis - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 271; figs. p. 272.

Distribution: Northern Cape York Peninsula; Islands of Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. See Map 52. References: Taxonomy: COGGER 1975a; BAUER 1990a. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a. -

Osteo-

l o g y : GREER 1 9 8 9 . - M o r p h o l o g y : CAMP 1 9 2 3 . - E c o l o g y : COGGER 1 9 7 5 a ; COVACEVICH & INGRAM 1 9 8 0 ; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 . - C o n s e r v a t i o n : KENNEDY 1 9 9 0 .

218

Rhacodactylus cavaticus

COGGER

1975 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus COGGER, Ree. Austral. Mus., 30: 93; fig. 6. - Terra typica: "Near Mitchell River Falls, approx. 25 km southwest of Crystal Head, Port Warrender, Western Australia (approx. 14°40'S, 125° 42Έ)". Holotype: WAM R43176. 1975 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 177. 1981 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - SMITH & JOHNSTONE, Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 220. 1983 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 196. 1983 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - COGGER & al. (partim), Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 99. 1984 Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1988 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna, 18(1): 13. 1988 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 89; fig. 221. 1989 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 77. 1989 Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus - SMITH, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 14: 425. 1990 Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 98; pi. 9, fig. 6. 1990 Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) cavaticus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 182. 1991 Rhacodactylus cavaticus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. 1992 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri cavaticus - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Australia, 5th ed.: 273.

Distribution: Coastal region of northwest Kimberley, Western Australia. See Map 52. Comments: SMITH ( 1 9 8 9 ) formally raised this taxon to specific status. References: Taxonomy: -

Ecology:

SMITH 1989; BAUER COGGER 1 9 7 5 a , 1 9 8 3 .

1990a. - Distribution:

COGGER

1975a;

BAUER

1990a.

Map 52. Distribution of Rhacodactylus in Australia. - R. australis = closed triangle. - R. cavaticus = closed circle. - R. lindneri = open circle. - Type localities indicated by circled stars.

219 Rhacodactylus chahoua

(BAVAY)

1869 Platydactylus Chahoua BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 15: 3. - Terra typica: "Kanala, Lifou" ([sic] probably Canala, New Caledonia). Holotype: EMNB? (presumed lost). Neotype Locality: "Vallee d'Amoa, near St. Therese, approx. 15 km NW of Poindimie, New Caledonia". Neotype: CAS 156692 (designated by BAUER 1985 a). 1879 Platydactylus (Rhacodactylus) chahoua - SAUVAGE (partim), Bull. Soc. philom., Paris, (7)3: 66. 1879 Chameleonurus chahoua - BOULENGER (partim), Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 4: 142. 1881 Chameleonurus chahoua - BOCAGE (partim), Jörn. Sei. math.phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 8: 128. 1883 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 125; pi. 21, figs. 1, 1 a ld. 1885 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 177. 1913 Rhacodactylus chahoua - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 97. 1956 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., IIIA: 1486. 1964 Rhacodactylus chahoua - MERTENS, Zool. Garten, Leipzig (n. F.), 29.55; fig. 8. 1965 Rhacodactylus chahoua - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 158. 1967 Rhacodactylus chahoua - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. 1985 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Beitr., 36: 81. 1988 Rhacodactylus chahoua - DARVESKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 224. 1990 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 170; fig. 78. 1990 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 47: 30. 1991 Rhacodactylus chahoua - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. 1991 Rhacodactylus chahoua - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 44.

Distribution: Southern and Central New Caledonia. See Map 51. Comments: See comments under Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus. References: Taxonomy: BAUER 1985a, 1990; BRYGOO 1991. - Distribution: BAUER 1985a, 1990. - Morphology: BAUER 1985a. - Behavior: BAUER 1985a; WELDON & al. 1993. - Reproduction: BAUER 1 9 8 5 a ; HENKEL 1981, 1 9 8 6 a , 1991, 1993; Tytle 1992. - E c o l o g y : BAUER 1 9 8 5 a ; SAMEIT 1985; HENKEL 1 9 8 6 b ; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - B i o l o g y : RÖSLER 1987C.

Rhacodactylus ciliatus

(GUICHENOT)

1866 Correlophus ciliatus GUICHENOT, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Cherbourg, 12: 249; pi. 8. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle-Caledonie". Lectotype: M N H N 701A (designated by BAUER 1990). 1869 Correlophus ciliatus - BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 15: 12. 1873 Correlophus ciliatus - BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, (4)14: 204. 1883 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 128. 1885 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 180. 1887 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 3: 488. 1887 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - STRAUCH, Mem. Acad. imp. Sei. St.-Petersbourg, (7)35(2): 27. 1909 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - WERNER, Zool. Jb., 28: 263. 1913 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 102. 1934 Correlophus ciliatus - BRONGERSMA, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 17: 165. 1954 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - GUIBE, Cat. Types Lez. Coll. Mus. nation. Hist, nat.: 16. 1956 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., IIIA: 1486. 1964 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - MERTENS, Zool. Garten (n.F.), 29: 52. 1965 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 158. 1967 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. 1990 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 170; fig. 79. 1990 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 47: 22. 1991 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. 1991 Rhacodactylus ciliatus - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 46.

220 Distribution: East central New Caledonia. See Map 51. References: Distribution: BAUER 1990 a. - Osteology: BAUER 1990 a. - Ecology: BAVAY 1869.

Rhacodactylus leachianus (CUVIER) 1829 A[scalabotes]

leachianus CUVIER, Regne Anim., 2nd ed. 2: 54. -

Holotype: M N H N

Terra typica: not given.

6687.

1831 Pteroplura (Gecko) Leachianus - GRAY in GRIFFITH & PIDGEON, Anim. Kingd. CUVIER, 9, (Synops. Spec.): 49. 1831 Ascalabotes leachianus - GRIFFITH & PIDGEON, Anim. Kingd. CUVIER, 9: 145. 1833 Lomatodactylus (Platydactylus) leachianus - VAN DER HOEVEN, Handb. Dierk., 2: 343. 1834 Gecko leachii SCHINZ, Naturgesch. Abbild. Reptil.: 73 (unjustified emendation of Gecko leachianus

1834 1836 1843 1845 1851 1894 1869 1873 1873 1881 1881 1883 1883 1885 1885 1908 1913 1913 1932 1934 1954 1956 1964 1965 1967 1967 1988 1990 1990 1991 1991

[CUVIER 1829]).

Platydactylus Leachianus - WIEGMANN, Herpetol. Mex.: 19. Platydactylus leachianus - DUMERIL & BIBRON, Erpetol. gen., 3: 315; pi. 28, fig. 6. Hoplodactylus (Rhacodactylus) leachianus - FITZINGF.R, Syst. Reptil.: 19, 100. Platydactylus Leachianus - GRAY, Cat. Spec. Liz. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 160. Platydactylus Leachianus - DUMERIL, A. H. A. in DUMERIL & DUMERIL, Cat. meth. Reptil.: 36. Platydactylus Leachianus - DUMERIL & al., Erpetol. gen., 9: 248. Platydactylus Leachianus - BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 15: 3. Rhacodactylus Leachianus - BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisbua, 4: 201. Rhacodactylus Aubrianus - BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 4: 202. - Terra typica: "Nouvelle Caledonie". Syntypes: MLI (destroyed by fire). Rhacodactylus Leachianus - BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 8: 127. Rhacodactylus Aubryanus BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 8: 127 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Rhacodactylus aubrianus BOCAGE 1873). Rhacodactylus leachianus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 124. Rhacodactylus aubryanus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 125. Rhacodactylus leachianus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 176. Rhacodactylus aubryanus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 177. Rhacodactylus leachianus - WERNER, Das Tierreich, 3: 60. Rhacodactylus leachianus - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 95; pi. 4, fig. 5. Rhacodactylus leachianus aubryanus - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 96 (considered by Roux as a morphological variety rather than as a geographic subspecies). Rhacodactylus leachianus - BURT & BURT, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 63: 479. Rhacodactylus leachianus - MERTENS, Zoologica, 32: 62. Rhacodactylus leachianus - GUIBE, Cat. Types Lez. Coll. Mus. nation. Hist, nat.: 16. Rhacodactylus leachianus - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., IIIA: 1486. Rhacodactylus leachianus - MERTENS, Zool. Garten, (n. F.) 29: 49; figs. 1 - 6 . Rhacodactylus leachianus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 159. Rhacodactylus leachianus leachianus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. Rhacodactylus leachianus aubryanus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. Rhacodactylus leachianus - DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 222; fig. 78. Rhacodactylus leachianus - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 172; fig. 80. Rhacodactylus leachianus - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 47: 30. Rhacodactylus leachianus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. Rhacodactylus leachianus - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 81.

Distribution: More humid areas of New Caledonia and the Isle of Pines and possibly the Belep Isles. See Map 51. Comments: The only known specimens of Rhacodactylus leachianus aubrianus were destroyed in 1975. The description (BOCAGE 1873) is inadequate to assess the potential validity of this taxon.

221 References: Taxonomy: BAUER 1990a. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. O s t e o l o g y : BAUER 1 9 9 0 a . - M o r p h o l o g y : MERTENS 1 9 6 4 a , b ; G U N D Y & WURST 1 9 7 6 ; RIEPPEL 1 9 7 6 a ; MEIER 1 9 7 9 ; PERRY & a l . 1 9 8 9 ; HENKEL 1 9 9 1 , 1 9 9 3 . - K a r y o l o g y : K I N G & MENGDEN 1 9 9 0 . - B e h a v i o r : BAVAY 1 8 6 9 ; MERTENS 1964; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a ; BAUER & a l . 1 9 9 2 ; WELDON &

al. 1993. - Reproduction: Roux 1913; MERTENS 1964a. - Ecology: BAVAY 1869; Roux 1913; MERTENS 1 9 6 4 a ; MEIER 1 9 7 9 ; BAUER & DEVANEY 1 9 8 7 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 a ; BAUER & VINDUM 1 9 9 0 ; HENKEL 1 9 9 1 , 1 9 9 3 . - C o n s e r v a t i o n : MEIER 1979; BAUER 1 9 8 5 a . - B i o l o g y : JOUAN 1 8 6 3 , 1 8 6 4 ; MITCHELL 1 9 8 6 ; PETERS 1 9 8 8 .

Rhacodactylus lindneri

COGGER

1975 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri COGGER, Ree. Austral. Mus., 30: 89; figs. 2 - 3 , 4 (top). - Terra typica: "Vicinity of Koongarra Mining Camp, Mt Brockman Range, Northern Territory (latitude 12°51'S., longitude 132°52Έ.)" [Australia], Holotype: AMS R38734. 1975 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri lindneri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 176; figs. 79,428. 1979 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri lindneri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 2nd ed.: 177; figs. 79, 427. 1981 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - COGGER, Proc. Melbourne Herpetol. Symp.: 153. 1981 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - Gow, N. Territory Natural., 3: 17. 1983 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri lindneri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 196; figs. 87, 477. 1983 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - COGGER & al. (partim), Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 99. 1984 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 77. 1985 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - SCHMIDA, Cold-Blood. Austral.: 83; fig. p. 83. 1985 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1987 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 19; pi. 38. 1988 Pseudothecadactylus lindbergi DAREVSKY & ORLOV, Rare & Extinct Anim.: 220 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Pseudothecadactylus lindneri COGGER 1975). 1988 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri lindneri - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 89; fig. 222. 1989 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: fig. 25. 1989 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - SMITH, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 14: 425. 1990 Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) lindneri - BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 182; fig. 88. 1990 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - SADLIER, Tech. Mem. Supervis. Sei. Alligator Rivers Reg., 32: 20, pi. 14. 1991 Rhacodactylus lindneri - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 29. 1992 Pseudothecadactylus lindneri - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 273; fig. p. 273.

Distribution: Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. See Map 52.

Comments: DAREVSKY & ORLOV ( 1 9 8 8 ) erroneously listed this species as Pseudothecadactylus lindbergi and listed its year of description as 1969 rather than 1975. References: Taxonomy: SMITH 1989. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a. - Osteology: GREER 1989. - Morphology: COGGER 1975 a. - Karyology: KING 1987 b. - Behavior: 1990 a . - Reprod u c t i o n : GREER 1 9 8 9 . 1 9 8 1 ; BAUER 1 9 9 0 .

Ecology:

COGGER 1 9 7 5 a , 1 9 8 1 ; SWANSON 1 9 7 9 ; SMITH & JOHNSTONE

Rhacodactylus sarasinorum Roux 1913 Rhacodactylus sarasinorum Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 99; pi. 4, figs. 6, 6a. - Terra typica: "Foret de Prony (env. 100m. d'altitude)" [New Caledonia]. Holotype: NMBA 7246. 1954 Rhacodactylus sarasinorum - ΰυιβέ, Cat. Types Lez. Coll. Mus. nation. Hist, nat.: 16. 1956 Rhacodactylus sarasinorum - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., IIIA: 1486.

222 1965 1967 1979 1990

Rhacodactylus Rhacodactylus Rhacodactylus Rhacodactylus 1 9 9 0 Rhacodactylus 1991 Rhacodactylus 1991 Rhacodactylus

sarasinorum sarasinorum sarasinorum sarasinorum sarasinorum sarasinorum sarasinorum

-

WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 159. KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. KRAMER, Rev. suisse Zool., 86: 160. BAUER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 176; fig. 83. BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 4 7 : 30. KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 30. BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 112.

Distribution: Southern New Caledonia, in area of ultramafic soils. See Map 51. References: Distribution: BAUER 1990 a; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - Karyology: K I N G & M E N G D E N 1990. - Reproduction: HENKEL 1986a, 1987, 1991, 1993. - Ecology: Roux 1913; BÖHME & HENKEL 1985; SAMEIT 1985; HENKEL 1988; BAUER 1990; BAUER & VINDUM 1990. - Parasitzes: BÖHME & HENKEL 1985. - Biology: BÖHME & HENKEL 1985; SAMEIT 1985; HENKEL 1987, 1988; TREMPER 1 9 9 2 .

Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus 1869

1873 1878

1879 1879 1883 1885 1889 1909 1913 1954 1956 1965 1967 1990 1990

1990 1991 1991

BOCAGE

Platydactylus duvaucelli - BAVAY, Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 15: 6 (nec DUMERIL & BIBRON 1 8 3 6 , fide Boulenger 1 8 8 3 ) . Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus BOCAGE, Jörn. Sei. math. phys. nat. Acad. Lisboa, 4: 203. Terra typica: "Nouvelle Caledonie". Holotype: MLI, destroyed by fire. Chameleonurus trachycephalus - BOULENGER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 3: 68; pl. 2. - Terra typica: "lie des Pins (Nouvelle-Caledonie)". Lectotype: IRSNB 2.532 (designated by BAUER 1990). Platydactylus (Rhacodactylus) chahoua - SAUVGE (partim), Bull. Soc. philom., Paris, (7)3: 66. Chameleonurus chahoua - BOULENGER (partim), Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 4: 142. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883:126; pl. 21, figs. 2, 2a-d. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 178. Chamaeleonurus trachycephalus - CARUS, Zool. Anz. (Register): 83. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - WERNER, Zool. Jb., 28: 263. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - Roux, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1(2): 98. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 477. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BROWN, Proc. 8th Pacific Sei. Congr., I I I A : 1486. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 159. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1015. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BALIER, Bonn. zool. Monogr., 30: 177; fig. 85. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BAUER & VINDUM, Proc. Californ. Acad. Sei., 47: 2 2 . Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - LANG, Studiedoc. K.B.I.N., 59: 15. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 30. Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 44.

Distribution: Central and southern New Caledonia, possibly also the Isle of Pines. See Map 51. Comments: SAUVAGE (1879) incorrectly regarded MNHN 700, a specimen of R. trachyrhynchus as the holotype of R. chahoua BAVAY 1969 (BRYGOO 1991). References: Taxonomy: BAUER 1985a, 1990. - Distribution: BAUER 1990a. - Morphology: BAUER & RUSSELL 1990b; HENKEL 1991, 1993. - Behavior: HENKEL 1986a, 1991, 1993; WELDON & al. 1993. - Reproduction: BARTMANN & MINUTH 1979; MEIER 1979; HENKEL 1991, 1993. Ecology: MERTENS 1964a; MEIER 1979; BÖHME & HENKEL 1985; HENKEL 1986a.

223 Rhynchoedura

GÜNTHER

1867 Rhynchoedura GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (3)20: 50. ornata GÜNTHER 1867 (by monotypy).

Species typica:

Rhynchoedura

Distribution: Drier interior of continental Australia. Absent from southwestern, southern and southeastern areas as well as from much of the tropical north. Comments: Subfamily Diplodactylinae, Tribe Diplodactylini. STORR & al. (1990) suggested that Rhynchoedura is closely allied to the conspicillatus group of Diplodactylus and that the latter should be transfered to the former genus. However, because they regarded similarities as potentially attributable to convergences related to termite feeding, no formal taxonomic moves were made. R e f e r e n c e s : P h y l o g e n y : STORR & a l . 1 9 9 0 . - D i s t r i b u t i o n : PIANKA 1 9 7 2 ; JOHNSTON 1 9 8 2 ; MORELY & MORELY 1984; SADLIER & SHEA 1 9 8 9 . - O s t e o l o g y : HOLDER 1 9 6 0 ; STEPHENSON 1 9 6 0 ; GREER 1 9 8 9 . - M o r p h o l o g y : GUNDY & WURST 1976; RUSSELL 1 9 7 9 b . - P h y s i o l o g y : LICHT & al. 1 9 6 6 a , b ; HEATWOLE & TAYLOR 1 9 8 7 . - K a r y o l o g y : KING 1 9 7 7 b ; 1 9 8 7 a , b . - R e p r o d u c t i o n : PIANKA 1986; GREER 1990; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . - E c o l o g y : PIANKA 1 9 6 9 b , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ; PIANKA & PIANKA 1976; DELL & CHAPMAN 1 9 7 8 , 1 9 7 9 ; HENLE 1 9 9 1 . B i o l o g y : PETERS 1 9 8 7

Species Referred: Rhynchoedura ornata

GÜNTHER 1 8 6 7 .

Rhynchoedura ornata

GÜNTHER

1867 Rhynchoedura ornata GÜNTHER, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (3)20: 51. - Terra typica: Bay" [Western Australia]. Holotype: Β Μ Ν Η 1946.8.20.50. 1867 Rhynchoedura ornata - GRAY, Liz. Austral. New Zealand: 6. 1875 Rhynchoedura ornata - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 16. 1885 Rhynchoedura ornata - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 12; pi. 2; fig. 1. 1909 Rhynchoedura ornata - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 206. 1910 Rhynchoedura ornata - WERNER, F a u n a Südwest-Austral., 2: 468.

"Nicol

1 9 1 3 Rhynchoedura

ornata

- LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON, K . S v e n s k . V e t e n s k . - A k a d . H a n d l . , 5 2 ( 3 ) : 4 .

1920 1924 1929 1934 1954 1955 1961 1963 1965 1967 1970 1971 1975 1976

ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata ornata

-

1 9 7 8 Rhynchoedura 1 9 8 0 Rhynchoedura 1 9 8 0 Rhynchoedura

ornata ornata ornata

- STORR & HAROLD, R e e . W . A u s t r a l . , 6: 4 5 5 . - STORR & HAROLD, R e e . W . A u s t r a l . M u s . , 8: 3 6 5 . - STORR & HANLON, R e e . W . A u s t r a l . M u s . , 8: 4 2 9 .

1981 1981 1981 1981

ornata ornata ornata ornata

-

ornata

- INGRAM & COVACEVICH, M e m . Q u e e n s l . M u s . , 2 0 : 3 0 0 .

Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura

Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura Rhynchoedura

1 9 8 1 Rhynchoedura

ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 182. KINGHORN, Ree. Austral. Mus., 14: 167. WAITE, Reptil. S. Austral.: 71; figs. 3 8 - 3 9 . LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 297. UNDERWOOD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 124: 478. GLAUERT, W. Austral. Natural., 4: 177; fig. 3. GLAUERT, H a n d b . Liz. W. Austral.: 206. WORRELL, Reptil. Austral.: 30; pi. 8. WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 161. KLUGE, Austral. J. Zool., 15: 1019. DAVEY, Austral. Liz.: 39; fig. p. 44. RAWLINSON, Victoria Yearb., 85: 16. COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral.: 177; fig. 429. SWANSON, Liz. Austral.: 16; pi. 23.

COGGER, Proc. Melbourne herpetol. Symp.: 153. DELL & CHAPMAN, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., Suppl. 13(14): 97. G o w , N. Territory Natural., 3: 14. G o w , Ν. Territory Natural., 3: 17.

224 1981 Rhynchoedura ornata - SMITH & JOHNSTONE, Biol. Surv. Mitchell Plat.: 220. 1983 Rhynchoedura ornata - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 3rd ed.: 197; fig. 478. 1983 Rhynchoedura ornata - COGGER & al., Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 100. 1 9 8 4 Diplodactylus paraornatus WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., 1: 7 6 (replacement name for Rhynchoedura ornata GÜNTHER 1 8 6 7 ) . 1 9 8 5 Rhynchoedura ornata - CHAPMAN & DELL, Ree. W. Austral. Mus., 12: 5. 1985 Rhynchoedura ornata - MOFFAT, Handb. Austral. Anim.: 262; fig. p. 262. 1 9 8 5 Rhynchoedura ornata - SCHWANER & al., Nat. Hist. Eyre Penins.: 164. 1 9 8 5 Rhynchoedura ormsbyi WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J.Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. - Terra typica: "Round Hill Nature Reserve, near Euabalong, New South Wales". Holotype: AMS 116979.

1985 Rhynchoedura ornata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. J . Herpetol., Suppl. 1: 15. 1987 Rhynchoedura ornata - SWANSON, Liz. Austral., 2nd ed.: 19; pi. 39. 1988 Rhynchoedura ornata - SHEA & al., Herpetofauna, 18(1): 13. 1 9 8 8 Rhynchoedura ornata - WILSON & KNOWLES, Austral. Reptil.: 9 0 ; fig. 2 2 3 . 1 9 8 9 Rhynchoedura ornata - GREER, Biol. Evol. Austral. Liz.: 51; figs. 2 7 , 3 6 - 3 8 . 1 9 8 9 Rhynchoedura ornata - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 2 6 . 1989 Rhynchoedura ormsbyi - WELLS & WELLINGTON, Austral. Herpetol., 506: 26. 1990 Rhynchoedura ornata - STORR & al., Liz. W. Austral., 3: 99; pi. 1, fig. 6. 1990 Rhynchoedura ornata - SWAN, Field Guide Snakes & Liz. New S.Wales: 33; fig. p. 33. 1991 Rhynchoedura ornata - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 30. 1991 Rhynchoedura ornata - COVACEVICH & COUPER, Atlas Queensl.: 356. 1992 Rhynchoedura ornata - COGGER, Reptil. & Amphib. Austral., 5th ed.: 269; fig. p. 268.

Distribution: As for genus. See Map 53. References: see generic references.

Map 53. Distribution of Rhynchoedura ornata (1 = type locality of Rhynchoedura ornata; 2 - type locality of R. ormsbyi).

225 Species Inquirenda, Nomina Dubia & Nomina Nuda Gecko dorreensis

PERON

1807 Gecko Dorreensis PERON, Voy. Decouv. Terres Austral., 1: 118. - Terra typica : "NouvelleHollande" (Bernier Island, Western Australia by implication). Type: none designated. 1983 Gecko dorreensis - COGGER & al. (species inquirenda), Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 261. 1991 Gecko Dorreensis - BRYGOO, Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat. Paris, (4)12: 55.

Comments: The type description is uninformative and no type material exists 1991), therefore it is unlikely that the identity of this putative taxon can ever be established. We agree with BRYGOO (2992) that G. dorreensis is a nomen nudum. (BRYGOO

Hemidactylus borneensis

BLEEKER

1857 Hemidactylus borneensis BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)14: 4. - Terra typica : "Bandjermasin" [ = Banjarmasin, Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia]. Types: not located. 1860 Hemidactylus borneensis - BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)21: 285.

Comments: This name has not appeared in the literature subsequent to BLEEuse. It is probably referrable to one of the widespread Indo-Pacific gekkonines. BLEEKER'S types were obtained by the British Museum in 1863 (BouLENGER 1887c), but the types of several geckos described by BLEEKER cannot now be located in that collection (COLIN M C C A R T H Y , in litt.). KER'S

Hemidactylus gelatinosus

FITZINGER

1826 Hemidactylus gelatinosus FITZINGER, Neue Classif. Reptil.: 46. - Terra typica : "Australia, Nova Hollandia". Holotype: not located. 1827 Hemidactylus gelatinosus - SCHLEGEL, Isis (OKEN), 20(3): 290. 1843 Hemidactylus Leschenaultii - FITZINGER, (partim) Syst. Reptil.: 106.

Comments: SCHLEGEL (1827) attributed this name to DAUDIN, as Gecko gelatinosus. However, no reference to this name appears in DAUDIN (1802). It is impossible to identify the animal intended as no propoer diagnosis was provided. FITZINGER (1843) later included H. gelatinosus in the synonymy of the Asian species H. leschenaultii,, although we regard the mismatch in locality as grounds for doubt about this identification. According to FITZINGER (1826) the name was based on a label name, Gecko gelatinosus, from the Paris Museum. BRYGOO (1991) regarded the name as a nomen nudum, as do we.

Hemidactylus zosterophorus

BLEEKER

1857 Hemidactylus zosterophorus, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)14: 1. - Terra typica : "Padang (ook op Nias)" [Indonesia], Types: not located. 1858 Hemidactylus zosterophorus - BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)15: 261. 1860 Hemidactylus zosterophorus - BLEEKER, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., (4)21: 286.

226 Comments: This name has not appeared in the literature subsequent to BLEEuse. It is probably referrable to one of the widespread Indo-Pacific gekkonines.

KER'S

Peropus perdicolor Comments: MALNATE ( 1 9 7 1 ) in the type catalogue of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia erroneously listed the skink Panaspis perdicolor COPE 1 8 6 9 as Peropus perdicolor. KLUGE ( 1 9 9 1 ) listed Peropus perdicolor as a junior synonym of Gehyra mutilata. Peropus pusillus

COPE

1869 Peropus pusillus COPE, Proc. Acad. nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 20[1868]: 319. - Terra typica : "S.W. Australia". Holotype: Mus. Peabody Acad. 407 (specimen presumed lost fide COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 ) .

1875 1885 1909 1920 1929 1934 1965 1965 1983 1991

Hemidactylus pusillus - GÜNTHER, Zool. Erebus & Terror, 2: 17. Lepidodactylus pusillus - BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 167. Lepidodactylus pusillus - LUCAS & LE SOUEF, Anim. Austral.: 215. Lepidodactylus pusillus - ZIETZ, Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 191. Diplodactylus spinigerus - BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 69: 252 (see comments). Peropus pusillus - LOVERIDGE, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 77: 303. Peropus pusillus, nomen dubium - KLUGE, Austral. Zool., 13: 123. ? Lepidodactylus pusillus - WERMUTH, Das Tierreich, 80: 100. Peropus pusillus - COGGER & al. (species inquirenda), Zool. Cat. Austral., 1: 262. Gehyra variegata (part) [?] - KLUGE, Smithson. herpetol. Inform. Serv., 85: 10.

Comments: The history of this taxon was reviewed by KLUGE (1965b). The description is insufficient to identify the species to which the holotype belongs. BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE (1929) incorrectly identified M C Z 5735 (now TM 21148, a specimen of Diplodactylus spinigerus) as the type specimen. This taxon as perhapts referable to the synonymy of Gehyra variegata.

Species recorded in Error from the Pacific Region Geklco gecko: Records from Australia (Port Essington: GRAY 1845, 1867b), the Marianas (ANSP 7501) and Pohnpei (USNM 28247) represent erroneous locatlities or accidental introductions. No recent records confirm the persistence of the species in either locality. A recent accidental introduction into Guam from the Philippines has been documented ( M C C O I D 1993). Hemidactylus brookii: Erroneously recorded from Australia by GRAY (1845, 1867b), GÜNTHER (1875) and ZIETZ (1920).

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pelagica

GIRARD, 1 8 5 7 ( c u r r e n t l y Gymnodactylus,

CYRTODACTYLUS o r NACTUS

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platyurus

(SCHNEIDER

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WEBER, Μ. (1890): Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. Pp. 159177 + pl. 14 In: Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, M. Weber, vol. 1. - Brill: Leiden. WEIGEL, J. (1988): Care of Australian Reptiles in Captivity. - Reptile Keepers Association: Gosford, New South Wales. WELCH, K . R . (1990): Lizards of the Orient. - R.E. Krieger: Malabar, Florida. WELDON, P., DEMETER, B.J. & ROSSCOE, R. (1993): A survey of shed skin-eating (dermatophagy) in amphibians and reptiles. - J. Herpetol. 27: 219-228. WELLBORN, V. (1933): Vergleichende osteologische Untersuchungen an Geckoniden, Eublephariden und Uroplatiden. - S.ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1933: 126-199. WELLINGTON, B.D. & DELL, J. (1989): Reptiles and amphibians of the Darling Scarp near Perth. - W. Austral. Natural., 17: 226-228. WELLS, R. (1981): Remarks on the prey preferences of Hoplocephalus bungaroides. - Herpetofauna, 12(2): 25-28. - & WELLINGTON, C. R. (1984): A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia. - Austral. J. Herpetol., 1: 73-129. - & - (1985a): A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. - Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser. 1: 1 - 6 1 . - & - (1985b): A synopsis of the Amphibia and Reptilia of New Zealand. - Austral. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser. 1: 6 2 - 6 4 . - & - (1989): A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles known from the Cumberland Plain region, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. - Austral. Herpetol., 506: 1 - 3 4 . WERMUTH, H. (1965): Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae. - Das Tierreich, 80: 1-246. - (1975): Der grüne Baumgecko von Neuseeland. - D. Aquar.-Terrar.-Z., 28: 136-138. WERNER, F. (1896): Zweiter Beitrag zur Herpetologie der indo-australischen Region. - Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 46: 6 - 2 4 . - (1898): Vorläufige Mitteilung über die von Herrn Prof. F. Dahl im Bismarck-Archipel gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. - Zool. Anz., 21: 552-556. - (1899): Beiträge zur Herpetologie der Pacifischen Inselwelt und von Kleinasien. I: Bemerkungen über einige Reptilien aus Neu Guinea und Polynesien. - Zool. Anz., 22: 371-378. - (1900): Die Reptilien und Batrachierfauna des Bismarck-Archipels. - Mitt. zool. Samml. Mus. Naturk., Berlin, 1(4): 1 - 1 3 2 . - (1901a): Reptilien, in Ergebnissie einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). - Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 14: 380-387. - (1901b): Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Ecuador und Neu-Guinea. - Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 51: 593-614 + pl. 5. - (1908): Das Tierreich. III. Reptilien und Amphibien. - G. F. Göschen'sche Verlagshandlung: Leipzig. - (1909): Neue oder seltene Reptilien des Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique in Brüssel. - Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 28: 263-288. - (1910a): Reptilia (Gekkonidae und Scincidae). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger südwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905, herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. P. Hartmeyer, 2: 451-493. - Gustav Fischer: Jena.

275 - (1910b): Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. II. Eidechsen. - Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 27: 1 - 4 6 . - (1913): Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in H a m b u r g . - Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 30: 1 - 5 1 . WERNER, Y. L. (1956): Chromosome numbers of some male geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonoidea). - Bull. Res. Council Israel, 5B, sect. 8: 319. - (1969): Eye size in geckos of various ecological types (Reptilia: Gekkonidae and Sphaerodactylinidae). - Israel J. Zool., 18: 2 9 1 - 3 1 6 . - (1972): Observations on eggs of eublepharid lizards, with comments on the evolution of the Gekkonoidea. - Zool. Meded., Leiden, 47: 211-224. - (1980): Apparent homosexual behavior in an all-female population of a lizard, Lepidodactylus lugubris and its probable interpretation. - Z. Tierpsychol., 54: 144-150. - (1990a): Habitat-dependent thermal regimes of two Hawaiian geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). J. Therm. Biol., 15: 2 8 1 - 2 9 0 . - (1990b): D o gravid females of oviparous gekkonid lizards maintain elevated body temperatures? Hemidactylus frenatus and Lepidodactylus lugubris on Oahu. - Amphib.-Reptil., 10: 2 0 0 - 2 0 4 . - & WHITAKER, A . H . (1978): Observations and comments on the body temperatures of some New Zealand reptiles. - New Zealand, J. Zool., 5: 375-393. Western Australian Museum. (1961): Type specimens in the Western Australian Museum (Part 2). - W. Austral. Mus. Ann. Rept. 1960-61: 3 5 - 3 9 . - (1963): Type specimens in the Western Australian Museum (Part 4). - W. Austral. Mus. A n n . Rept., 1962-63: 3 8 - 4 0 . - (1964): Type specimens in the Western Australian Museum (Part 5). - W. Austral. Mus. A n n . Rept., 1963-64: 3 4 - 4 5 . - (1966): Type specimens in the Western Australian Museum (Part 7). - W. Austral. Mus. A n n . Rept., 1965-66: 3 8 - 4 2 . - (1968): Type specimens in the Western Australian Museum (Part 9). - W. Austral. Mus. Ann. Rept., 1967-68: 6 2 - 6 4 . WHITAKER, A . H . (1968): The lizards of the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand. - New Zealand J. Sei., 11: 6 2 3 - 6 5 1 .

-

-

-

(1970a): A note on the lizards of the Tokelau Islands (Polynesia). - Herpetologica, 26: 3 5 5 - 3 5 8 . (1970b): Neuseeländische Echsen. - Aqua-Terra, 7: 9 3 - 9 6 . (1970b): Neuseeländische Echsen (Schluß). - Aqua-Terra, 7: 9 7 - 1 0 1 . (1973): Lizard populations on islands with and without Polynesian rats, Rattus exulans (PEALE). - New Zealand ecol. Soc., 20: 121-130. (1976): New Zealand lizards. - Forest & Bird, 202: 8 - 1 1 . (1978): The effects of rodents on reptiles and amphibians. Pp. 7 5 - 8 8 In: The Ecology and Control of Rodents in New Zealand N a t u r e Reserves, I . A . E . Atkinson, P. R. Dingwall & C . H o y (eds). - New Zealand Dept. Lands and Survey, Information Series, 4. (1982a): New Zealand gecko taxonomy: a review. Pp. 3 0 9 - 3 1 5 In: New Zealand Herpetology, D. G. Newman (ed). - New Zealand Wildlife Serv. Occ. Publ., 2. (1982b): Interim results from a study of Hoplodactylus maculatus (BOULENGER) at Turakirae Head, Wellington, Pp. 3 6 3 - 3 7 4 In: New Zealand Herpetology, D . G . N e w m a n (ed). - New Zealand Wildlife Serv. Occ. Publ., 2. (1985): Hoplodactylus kahutarae n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the Seaward Kaikoura Range, Marlborough, New Zealand. - New Zealand J. Zool., 11[1984]: 2 5 9 - 2 7 0 . (1987a): The roles of lizards in New Zealand plant reproductive strategies. New Zealand J. Bot., 25: 315-328. (1987b): Of herbs and herps - the possible roles of lizards in plant reproduction. - Forest & Bird, 18(3): 2 0 - 2 2 . (1991): Recent research on Hoplodactylus delcourti BAUER & RUSSELL 1986. - New Zealand J.

Zool., 18: 3 4 3 - 3 4 8 . - (1992): Was the k a w e k a w e a u the w o r l d ' s largest gecko? - FOREST & BIRD, M a y 1992: 4 4 - 4 6 .

- & THOMAS, B.W. (1990): Large lizard sightings in the Gisborne region: report on a National Museum Investigation 7 - 1 1 April 1990. - Unpublished report, National Museum of New Zealand, 23 pp.

276 WHITAKER, R., WHITAKER, Z., & MILLS, D. (1982): Reptiles of Papua New Guinea. - Wildlife Papua New Guinea, 82/2: iii + 1-53. WHITE, J. (1790): Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with Sixty-five Plates of Non Descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, Curious Cones of Trees and Other Natural Productions. Debrett: London. WIEGMANN, A. F. A. (1834): Herpetologica Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae. - C.G. Luderitz: Berolini. - (1835): Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F.J.F. Meyen, M.d.A.d.N. Amphibien. - Acta Acad. caes. leop. carol. Nat. Cur., 17: 184-268. WILES, G . J . , AMERSON, A . B . & BECK, R . E . (1989): Notes on the herpetofauna of Tinian, M a r i a n a

Islands. - Micronesica 22: 107-118. - & CONRY, P. I. (1990): Terrestrial vertebrates of the Ngerukewid Islands Wildlife Preserve, Palau Islands. - Micronesica 23: 41-66. -

RODDA, G . H . , FRITTS, T . H . & TAISACAN, Ε. M . (1990): A b u n d a n c e a n d h a b i t a t use of reptiles

on Rota, Mariana Islands. - Micronesica 23: 153-166. WILKINSON, W.D. (1977): Observations of the 'Taranaki gold stripe gecko' (Hoplodactylus sp.). Pepeke, 2: 13-15. - (1981): The status of the Taranaki gecko, Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus in the New Zealand herpetofauna. - Herpetofauna, 13(1): 18-20. WILLIAMS, C.K. (1965): Competition between species of lizards in the field, viewed through the aspect of thermoregulation. - Unpublished Β. Sc. honours thesis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands. WILLIAMS, G.R., & GIVEN, D.R. (1981): The Red Data Book of New Zealand. - Nature Conservation Council: Wellington. WILSON, L. D. & PORRAS, L. (1983): The ecological impact of man on the south Florida herpetofauna. - Univ. Kansas Mus. nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 9: vi + 89 pp. WILSON, S.K., & KNOWLES, D.G. (1988): Australia's Reptiles, a Photographic References to the Terrestrial Reptiles of Australia. - Collins: Sydney. WOODLAND, W.N.F. (1920): Some observations on caudal autotomy and regeneration in the gecko {Hemidactylus flaviviridis, RÜPPELL), with notes on the tails of Sphenodon and Pygopus. Quart. J. microscop. Sei., 65: 63-100. WOODWARD, P.W. (1972): The natural history of Kure Atoll, northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Res. Bull., 164: xxi + 318 pp. WORRELL, E. (1963): Reptiles of Australia. - Angus & Robertson: Sydney. WORTHY, T.H. (1987): Osteological observations on the larger species of the skink Cyclodina and the subfossil occurrence of these and the gecko Hoplodactylus duvaucelii in the North Island, New Zealand. - New Zealand J. Zool., 14: 219-229. WRIGHT, P. (1982): Observations of predator/prey relationships between preying mantids and geckos. - N. Territory Natural. 5: 10-11. YEAGER, V.L., TAYLOR, J. J., & CHANG, P.-L. (1983): Light microscopy of the pineal organ of two

primitive lizards Platyurus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus. - Anat. Ree., 206: 283-288. ZAWORSKI, J. P. (1987): Observations on unusual behavior in the parthenogenetic gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris FITZINGER. - Bull. Chicago herpetol. Soc., 22: 76. - (1991): From Bora Bora to Carbondale: the story of five Gehyra oceanica. - Bull. Chicago, herpetol. Soc., 26: 243. ZIETZ, F.R. (1914): Lacertilia. In: Scientific notes on an expedition in to the interior of Australia carried out by Capt. S.a. White, M.B.O.U., from July to October, 1913. - Transact. Roy. Soc. S. A u s t r a l . , 38: 4 4 0 - 4 4 4 .

- (1920): Catalogue of Australian Lizards. - Ree. S. Austral. Mus., 1: 181-228. ZUG, G.R. (1985): Pacific Island lizards - status of type specimens from the U.S. Exploring Exp e d i t i o n 1 8 3 8 - 1 8 4 2 . - C o p e i a , 1985: 1 5 0 - 1 5 4 .

- (1989): Heteronota pelagica Girard, 1857 (currently Gymnodactylus, Cyrtodactylus or Nactus pelagicus, Reptilia, Sauria): proposed conservation of specific name. - Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 46: 3 8 40.

- (1991): The lizards of Fiji: natural history and systematics. - Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool., 2: i-xii + 1-136.

277 SPRINGER, V.G., WILLIAMS, J . W . , & JOHNSON, G . D . ( 1 9 8 9 ) : The vertebrates of Rotuma and surrounding waters. - Atoll Res. Bull., 316: 1 -25. ZWEIFEL, R.G. ( 1 9 8 0 ) : Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 1 0 3 . Frogs and lizards from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guina. - Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 1 6 5 : 3 8 7 - 4 8 4 .

-

Distribution of Pacific Geckos by Regions and Island Groups Geckos of Australia Australia (general): LUCAS & LE SOUEF 1909; ZIETZ 1920; LOVERIDGE 1934; BARRETT 1950; WORRELL 1963; DAVEY 1970; COGGER 1975b, 1979b, 1983, 1986, 1992; SWANSON 1976, 1987; M C P H E E 1 9 7 9 ; COGGER, CAMERON & COGGER 1 9 8 3 , WILSON & KNOWLES 1 9 8 8 ; HOSER 1 9 8 9 ; EHMANN 1992. - Australian Capital Territory ( A C T ) : JENKINS & BARTELL 1980. - New South Wales ( N S W ) : BUSTARD 1 9 6 8 C; JENKINS & BARTELL 1 9 8 0 ; SCANLON 1 9 8 5 ; GRIFFITHS 1 9 8 7 ; SADLIER & SHEA 1989; SWAN 1990. - Northern Territory ( N T ) : MITCHELL 1955; THOMSON & HOSMER 1964; COGGER 1968; Gow 1981a, b; FRITH & FRITH 1987. - Queensland ( Q L D ) : DALE 1973; Low 1978; CoVACEVICH & INGRAM 1980; LIMPUS 1982; FRITH & FRITH 1987; COVACEVICH & COUPER 1991a, b. - South Australia ( S A ) : WAITE 1929; TUBB 1938; HOUSTON 1973; EHMANN 1976; JOHNSTON & ELLINS 1 9 7 9 ; ROBINSON 1 9 8 0 ; JOHNSTON 1 9 8 2 ; MORLEY & MORLEY 1 9 8 4 ; SCHWANER & MILLER 1984a, b; SCHWANER & al. 1984; TYLER & HUTCHINSON 1993. - Victoria ( V I C ) : RAWLISNON 1971; BESTE 1972; JENKINS & BARTELL 1980. - Western Australia ( W A ) : WERNER 1910a; ALEXANDER 1921; GLAUERT 1955,1956,1961; DELL & CHAPMAN 1977,1978,1979,1981 a, b; CHAPMAN & DELL 1978,1979,1980, 1985; STORR & HAROLD 1978,1980 a, b; DELL & HAROLD 1979; STORR & HANLON 1980; BUSH 1981; STORR al. 1981,1983,1990; FRITH & FRITH 1987; SHEA & al. 1988.

ΤΑΧΟΝ

Carphodactylus laevis Christinus marmoratus Crenadactylus ocellatus Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis Diplodactylus alboguttatus D. assimilis D. byrnei D. ciliaris D. conspicillatus D. damaeus D. elderi D.fulleri D. furcosus D. galeatus D. granariensis D. immaculatus D. intermedius D. jeanae D. kenneallyi D. maini D. mcmillani D. michaelseni D. mitchelli D. occultus

ACT

NSW

Χ

X

NT

QLD

SA

VIC

WA

X X

X

X X

X X

X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X

? X X X

? X

X

X

X X X X X

X X

X X X

?

X

X

X X X X X

X

X X X X X X X X

278 ΤΑΧΟΝ

D. ornatus D. polyopthalmus D. pulcher D. rankini D. savagei D. spinigerus D. squarrosus D. steindachneri D. stenodactylus D. strophurus D. taeniatus D. taenicauda D. tesselatus D. vittatus D. wellingtonae D. williamsi D. wilsoni D. wombeyi Gehyra australis G. baliola G. borroloola G. catenata G. dubia G. fenestra G. minuta G. montium G. nana G. occidentalis G. oceanica G. pamela G. pilbara G. punctata G. purpurascens G. robusta G. variegata G. xenopus Hemidactylus frenatus Heteronotia binoei H. planiceps H. spelea Lepidodactylus lugubris L. pumilis Nactus galgajuga N. pelagicus Nephrurus asper N. deleani N. laevissmus N. levis Ν. milii Ν. sphyrurus Ν. stellatus Ν. vertebralis Ν. wheeleri Oedura castelnaui

ACT

NSW

NT

QLD

SA

VIC

WA X X

X

X X X X X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X

X X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X X

X

X

X X X X

X X X X X

X

X

X

X X

1

?

X X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X X

X X X X X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X

X

X X

X

?

X X

X

279 TAXON

ACT

O. coggeri O. filicipoda 0. gemmata O. gracilis O. lesueurii O. marmorata 0. monilis O. obscura O. reticulata 0. rhombifer O. robusta O. tryoni Phyllurus caudiannulatus P. cornutus P. platurus P. salebrosus Rhacodactylus australis R. cavaticus R. lindneri Rhynchoedura ornata

NSW

NT

QLD

SA

VIC

WA

X X X X X X X

X

X X X X X

X X X

X

X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X

Geckos of the Australian Island Territories and Possessions Note that this includes territories outside the geographic scope of this volume in order that all lands under Australian juristiction might be accessed in the same volume. Christmas Island: BOULENGER 1 8 8 9 a; GIBSON-HILL 1 9 4 7 ; COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 . Cyrtodactylus sadleiri, Gehyra mutilata, Hemidactylus frenatus, Lepidodactylus listen. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: GIBSON-HILL 1 9 5 0 ; COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 . - Gehyra mutilata, Hemidactylus frenatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Lord Howe Island: OGILBY 1 8 8 9 ; COGGER 1 9 7 1 ; COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 . - Christinus guentheri. Norfolk Island: COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 . - Christinus guentheri. - West Ashmore Islet: COGGER, SADLIER & CAMERON 1 9 8 3 . - Hemidactylus frenatus.

Geckos of Melanesia Fiji:

BOULENGER 1 8 9 7 ; STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; SCHMIDT 1 9 2 3 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; GORHAM 1 9 7 7 ; PERNETTA

& WATLING 1 9 7 9 ; RINKE 1 9 8 6 ; Z U G & a l . 1 9 8 9 ; Z U G 1 9 9 1 .

KAD = Kaduvu Group, LAU = Lau Group, LOM = Lomaiviti Group, MAM = Mamanuca Group, MOA = Moala Group, ROT = Rotuma, VAN = Vanua Levu Group, VIT = Viti Levu Group. No localities were identified for geckos in the Ringgold Isles or the Yasawa Group.

280 TAXON

Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica G. vorax Hemidactylus frenatus H. garnotti Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lepidodactylus gardineri L. martni L. lugubris Nadus pelagicus

New Caledonia:

KAD

LAU

LOM

MAM

MOA

X X

X

X X

X

X

VAN

X

VIT X

X

X X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X

X X X

X X X X

BAVAY 1869; BOULENGER 1 9 9 0 ; CHAZEAU & BAUER 1 9 9 1 .

TAXON

ROT

X

X X

X

X

1883; Roux 1913;

X X

BURT & BURT

X X

1932;

New Caledonia

Loyalty Islands

X X X X X X X X X

X X

Bavaria crassicollis B. cyclura B. montana B. ornata B. sauvagei B. septuiclavis B. validiclavis Eurydactylodes symmetricus E. vieillardii Gehyra vorax Hemidactylus frenatus H. garnotii Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lepidodactylus lugubris Nadus pelegicus Rhacodactylus auriculatus R. chahoua R. ciliatus R. leachianus R. sarasinorum R. trachyrhynchus

X X X X X X X X X X X

X

BAUER & VINDUM

Chesterfield Reefs

X

X X X X X X

X

New Guinea - Papua New Guinea (general):

BOETTGER 1892, 1896; DE VIS 1892; BOULENGER 1898; WERNER 1 9 0 1 b ; VOGT 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 3 2 ; ANDERSSON 1 9 1 3 ; STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; HEDIGER 1 9 3 3 ; LOVERIDGE 1 9 4 8 ; BROWN & PARKER 1 9 7 3 ; HEATWOLE 1 9 7 5 ; SCOTT & a l . 1 9 7 7 ; WHITAKER & a l . 1 9 8 2 ; O ' S H E A 1 9 9 1 ; ALLISON 1 9 9 3 . - P a p u a N e w G u i n e a M a i n l a n d ( P N G ) : BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; ROOM 1 9 7 4 ; PERNETTA & BÜRGIN 1 9 8 0 ; ZWEIFEL 1 9 8 0 . - A d m i r a l t y I s l a n d s ( A D M ) : HEDIGER 1 9 3 3 ; TANNER

1951 a. - Bismarck Archipelago (BIS): WERNER 1898, 1900; HEDIGER 1934; BROWN 1955. - Louisiade Archipelago and Solomon Sea Islands ( L O U ) : BOULENGER 1895; BURT & BURT 1932. N o r t h S o l o m o n I s l a n d s ( N S I ) : KINGHORN 1 9 2 8 a ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; PARKER 1 9 3 9 ; M C C O Y 1 9 8 0 . - I r i a n J a y a ( I J ) : LIDTHE DE JEUDE 1 8 9 6 ; DE ROOIJ 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 1 7 ; BOULENGER 1 9 1 4 ; DE JONG 1 9 2 7 ; LOVERIDGE 1 9 4 8 .

281 TAXON

Cosymbotus platyurus Cyrtodactylus derongo C. loriae C. louisiadensis C. marmoratus C. mimikanus C. novaeguineae C. papuensis C. sermowaiensis Gehyra baliola G. dubia G. interstitialis G. lampei G. leopoldi G. marginata G. membranicruralis G. mutilata G. oceanica G. papuana G. vorax Gekko motiarchus G. vittatus Hemidactylus frenatus H. garnotti Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lepidodactylus browni L. guppyi L. lugubris L. magnus L. mutahi L. novaeguineae L. orientalis L. pulcher L. pumilus L. woodfordi Nactus pelagicus N. vankampeni

PNG

ADM

BIS

LOU

NSI

IJ X

X X X

X X

X

X X X X X X

?

X X X X

?

X

X X

X X

X X

?

X X X X

X X

X X

X X X

X X

X

X X X X X X X X X

X X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X

X X

?

X X X

?

X X

X X X X

? X

X

X

X

X X

Solomon Islands (general): BOULENGER 1884,1886b, 1887d; BARBOUR 1921; KINGHORN 1928 a; BURT & BURT 1932; SLEVIN 1934; MCCOY 1980. - Rennell & Ballona: VOLS0E 1956. - Santa Cruz Islands: - . Solomon Islands: SCHMIDT 1932; TANNER 1951b.

282 TAXON

SOLOMON

RENNELL &

SANTA

ISLANDS

BALLONA

CRUZ

X

X X

X

X

Cyrtodactylus biordinis C. louisiadensis Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica Gekko vittatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lepidodactylus flaviocularis L. guppyi L. lugubris L. shebae L. woodfordi Nactus pelagicus

X X X X X X X X X X

?

X

X

X

X X X

X

X

V a n u a t u : (STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; BAKER 1 9 2 8 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; ANGEL 1 9 3 5 ; SOLEM 1 9 5 9 ; MEDWAY

& MARSHALL 1975. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, G. vorax, Gekko vittatus (?), Hemidactylus frenatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Lepidodactylus (undescribed species) Nactus pelagicus, Perochirus guentheri.

The Geckos of New Zealand N e w Z e a l a n d ( g e n e r a l ) : BULLER 1 8 7 1 ; LUCAS & FROST 1 8 9 7 b ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; M C C A N N 1 9 5 5 ; ROBB 1 9 8 0 a , 1 9 8 6 ; BARNETT 1 9 8 5 ; TOWNS 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 8 ; G I L L 1 9 8 6 ; PICKARD & TOWNS 1 9 8 8 . - N o r t h

Island (NI): TAYLOR 1976; CAWTHORN 1973; MCCALLUM 1 9 8 1 b ; MACREDIE 1984. - N o r t h Island O u t l y i n g I s l a n d s ( Ν Ι Ο ) : H A R D 1 9 5 4 ; ATKINSON 1 9 6 4 ; WHITAKER 1 9 6 8 ; TOWNS 1 9 7 1 a , b , 1 9 7 2 , 1 9 7 3 ; MILLER 1 9 7 8 ; D I C K 1 9 8 0 , 1 9 8 1 ; M C C A L L U M 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 1 a , 1 9 8 2 a , b , c; M C C A L L U M & HARKER 1 9 8 1 ,

1982; OGLE 1981; PORTER 1981, 1982, 1988; NEWMAN & TOWNS 1985. - Cook Strait Islands (CI): MEADS 1 9 8 6 ; BUCKINGHAM & ELLIOT 1 9 7 9 ; M C C A L U M 1 9 8 4 . - S o u t h I s l a n d ( S I ) : THOMAS 1 9 7 6 ,

1982a; MILLER & MILLER 1981. - Stewart Island and Foveaux Strait Islands (ST): ADAMS & CHEYNE 1968; THOMAS 1 9 8 2 a

TAXON

Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus Η. delcourti H. duvaucellii Η. granulatus Η. kahutarae Η. maculatus Η. pacificus Η. rakiurae Η. stephensi Naultinus elegans Ν. gemmeus Ν. grayii Ν. manukanus Ν. poecilochloris Ν. rudis Ν. stellatus Ν. tuberculatus

NI

ΝΙΟ

CS

χ extinct extripated χ

χ χ

χ χ

χ χ

χ χ

χ

SI

ST

χ χ χ

χ

χ χ χ

χ χ

χ χ

χ χ χ χ χ

283

Geckos of Micronesia Belau [ = P a l a u ] : STERNFELD 1920; BROWN & FEHLMANN 1958; DRYDEN & TAYLOR 1969; OWEN

1977; WILES & CONRY 1990. - Gehyra brevipalmata, G. mutilata, G. oceanica, G. papuana (?), Gekko vittatus (see comments), Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemiphyllodactylus typus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, (see comments), Lepidodactylus (undescribed species), Perochirus ateles (?). Caroline Islands ( = Federated States of Micronesia) general: VOGT 1912. - KOSRAE (State of): Pohnpei (State of): MARSHALL 1957. - Kapingamarangi Atoll (part of State of Pohnpei): NIERING 1963. - Tftuk [State of]: MARSHALL 1957; MARSHALL 1975. - Yap [State of]: STERNFELD 1920; FISHER 1948.

TAXON Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica Hemidactylus garnotii Lepidodactylus lugubris Nactus pelagicus Perochirus ateles P. scutellatus

Kosrae Χ Χ Χ

Pohnpei

Kapingamarangi

X X X X X X

X X

Truk

X

Yap X X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X X

Mariana Islands (general): DRYDEN & TAYLOR 1969; RODDA & al. 1991; RODDA 1992. - Guam: VAN DENBURGH 1917; BURT & BURT 1932. - Northern M a r i a n a s . DOWNS 1948; WILES & al. 1989, 1990. TAXON

Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica G. papuana Hemidactylus frenatus Lepidodactylus lugubris Nactus pelagicus Perochirus ateles

Guam

Northern Marianas

X

extripated

X X

X X

X X

extripated extripated

X

?

M a r s h a l l Islands: WERNER 1899; SCHNEE 1 9 0 2 , 1 9 0 4 ; FISHER 1948; MARSHALL 1 9 5 1 , 1 9 5 7 ; GRESSITT

1961; LAMBERSON 1987. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemiphyllodactylus typus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Nactus pelagicus, Perochirus ateles. Nauru: WAITE 1903. - Hemidactylus frenatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Wake Island: BRYAN 1959 . - Gehyra mutilata, Hemidactylus frenatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris.

Geckos of Polynesia C o o k Islands: BURT & BURT 1932; SLEVIN 1934; MCCANN 1974; CLAPP 1977; CROMBLE & STEADMAN

1988. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Hemidactylus garnotii, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Nactus pelagicus. Easter Island: GARMAN 1908; FUENTES 1914; DONOSO-BARROS 1950. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Hawaii: STEJNEGER 1899; WERNER 1901; PERKINS 1903; BRYAN 1915; SNYDER 1917; BURT & BURT 1932; TINKER 1938, 1941, 1980; FISHER 1948; OLIVER & SHAW 1953; HUNSAKER & BREESE 1967; MCMORRIS 1970; AMERSON 1971; WOODWARD 1972; ELY & CLAPP 1973; CLAPP & KRIDLER 1977;

CLAPP & al. 1977; MCKEOWN 1978; JONES 1979; LAZELL 1989. - Gehyra mutilata,

Hemidactylus frenatus, H. garnotti, Hemiphyllodactylus typus, lepidodactylus

G.

lugubris.

oceanica,

284 F r e n c h P o l y n e s i a ( g e n e r a l ) : INEICH 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 ; INEICH & BLANC 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 8 ; BLANC & INEICH 1 9 8 8 . - A u s t r a l I s l a n d s ( A I ) : STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; SCHMIDT 1 9 2 1 ; ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 , 1 9 2 4 ; BURT

& BURT 1932. - Clipperton Island (CI): SACHET 1962a, b. - Gambier Islands (GI): GARMAN 1908; COCHEREAU 1 9 7 4 ; BLANC & a l . 1 9 8 3 . - M a r q u e s a s I s l a n d s ( M I ) : SCHMIDT 1 9 2 2 ; ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; SCHMIDT & NECKER 1 9 3 3 ; ADAMSON 1 9 3 9 ; TANNER 1 9 5 2 . - S o c i e t y I s l a n d s ( S I ) : STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; SCHMIDT 1 9 2 1 , 1 9 2 2 ; ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 , 1 9 2 4 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; TANNER 1 9 5 2 ; BLANC & a l . 1 9 8 3 ; SACHET 1 9 8 3 a ; SACHET & FOSBERG 1 9 8 3 ; HENLE 1 9 9 0 c . - T u a m o t u A r c h i p e l a g o ( T A ) : STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; SCHMIDT 1 9 2 2 ; ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 , 1 9 2 4 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; TANNER 1 9 5 2 ; MORRISON 1 9 5 4 ; CHEVALIER & a l . 1 9 6 8 ; SACHET 1 9 8 3 b .

TAXON

Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica Hemidactylus frenatus H. garnotii Hemiphyllodactylus typus Lepidodactylus lugubris Nactus pelagicus

AL

CI

GI

MI

SI

TA

X X

X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X X

X X X X

X X

?

Howland & Baker Islands (U.S.) see also Kiribati, Phoenix Islands. - Lepidodactylus lugubris. Jarvis Island (U.S.) see also Kiribati, Line Islands. - lepidodactylus lugubris. Johnston Atoll (U.S.): AMERSON & SHELTON 1976. - Hemidactylus frenatus, lepidodactylus lugubris. . Kiribati: Gilbert Islands: WAITE 1903; MOUL 1954. - Line Islands (see also Jarvis Island and Palmyra A t o l l ) : SCHMIDT 1 9 2 1 , 1 9 2 2 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; C L A P P & SIBLEY 1 9 7 1 . - P h o e n i x I s l a n d s ( s e e

also Howland & Baker Islands): BURT & BURT 1932.

TAXON Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica Hemidactylus frenatus Lepidodactylus lugubris

Gilbert Islands

Line Islands

Phoenix Islands

? X

X X X X

χ χ χ χ

X

Midway Island: BRYAN 1906. - Hemidactylus garnotii, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Niue. GÜNTHER 1874; STERNFELD 1920. - Gehyra oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Nactuspelagicus. Palmyra Atoll (U.S.) see also Kiribati, Line Islands: SLEVIN 1934. - Hemidactylus frenatus, lepidodactylus lugubris. P i t c a i r n I s l a n d s : ORTENBURGER 1 9 2 3 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; REHDER & RANDALL 1 9 7 5 ; FOSBERG &

al. 1983; INEICH 1992; GILL 1993b. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica (?), Hemiphyllodactylus typus, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Samoa: American Samoa: SACHET 1954; AMERSON & al. 1982a, b. - Western Samoa: WERNER 1901; STERNFELD 1 9 2 0 ; BURT & BURT 1 9 3 2 ; HIGGINS 1 9 4 3 ; G I L L 1 9 9 3 a .

TAXON Gehyra mutilata G. oceanica Hemidactylus frenatus H. garnotii Lepidodactylus lugubris Nactus pelagicus

American Samoa χ χ χ χ χ

Western Samoa χ χ χ χ χ

285 Swains Island: CLAPP 1968. - Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris. Tokelau Islands: BURT & BURT 1932; WHITAKER 1970a; CLAPP 1975. - Gehyra oceanica, dactylus lugubris. T o n g a : B U R T & B U R T 1 9 3 2 ; RINKE 1 9 8 6 ; G I L L 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 8 , 1 9 9 0 ; G I L L & R I N K E 1 9 9 0 . -

LepidoGehyra

mutilata, G. oceanica, G. vorax (?), Hemidactylus garnotii, Hemiphyllodactylus typus, Lepidodactylus euaensis, L. lugubris, Nactus pelagicus. Tuvalu: WAITE 1897. - Gehyra oceanica, Hemidactylus frenatus, lepidodactylus lugubris, Nactus pelagicus. Wallis & Futuna: - Gehyra oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris.

Addendum While this list was in production, several additional pertinent publications became available. These are listed below: Darevsky, I.S. & Orlova, V.F. (1993): Herpetophauna [sic] of the Pacific Basin islands (Results of expeditions of the USSR Academy of Sciences) [in Russian]. - Zool. Zhur. 72: 93-102. [This work includes significant new distributional records for several Pacific geckos, especially in the Vava'u and Ha'apai groups in Tonga. Taxa discussed in this paper are: Gehyra oceanica, Hemiphyllodactylus typus, Lepidodactylus euaensis, L. guppyi, L. woodfordi, and Nactus pelagicus. This paper also presents several variants in spelling not previously appearing in the chresonymies. These are: Lepidodactylus euensis (page 95) and Geteronota (for Heteronotia) and Hemiphillodactylus (both page 99)]. Gill, B.J. (1993b): The lizards of the Pitcairn Island Group, South Pacific. New Zealand J. Zool. 20: 161-164. Ineich, I. & Ineich, M. (1993): Un cas de predation sur le gecko Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834) par une araignee Eusparassidae, Rhitymna valida (Blackwall, 1877), aux Seychelles. - Rev. fr. Aquariol. 19: 127-128. King, M. (1993): Species Evolution: the Role of Chromosome Change. - Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. [This book includes information about chromosome evolution in Australian gekkonids, especially members of the genera Gehyra and Christinus] Nunan, J. (1993): Eurydactylodes vieillardi (Bavay, 1869). - Dactylus 2 (1): 2 7 28.

Whittier, J.M., Roberts, J.D., Stewart, D. & Moritz, C. (1993): Ovarian development in sexual and parthenogenetic geckos of the Heteronotia binoei complex. - J. Zool., Lond. 230: 459-468. The following reference was inadvertently ommitted from the Literature Cited section: Whitaker, A . H . & Thomas, B. (1989): New Zealand Lizards - An Annotated Bibliography. - Ecology Division, DSIR: Lower Hütt.

Alphabetical Register of Pacific Gecko Names All combinations and variations of names appearing in the chresonymies herein are presented below in alphabetical order. Variations involving capitalizations only are not listed, nor are names of extralimital taxa appearing only in lists of species referred to genera. Names appearing in keys, island lists and map legends are also not indexed. aberrans, Diplodactylus ciliaris 38, 39 - , Diplodactylus spinigerus 38 - , Diplodactylus strophurus 38, 39 - , Strophurus 39 - , Strophurus ciliaris 38, 39 Aedura 192 Aelurosaurus brunneus 146 Aeluroscalabotes brunneus 146 affinis, Phyllodactylus 10, 11 Agama discosura 211 - grandoculis 211 - platyura 211 agamensis, Gymnodactylus 26, 27 agasawarisimae, Gehyra variegata 157 alboguttatus, Diplodactylus 34 - , Turnerdactylus 34 albostictus, Hemiphyllodactylus 129 alexanderi, Christinus marmoratus 12, 13 - , Phyllodactylus marmoratus 12 Aliurus 113 Amalosia 192 - lesueurii 198 - obscura 202 - phillipsi 198 - reticulata 203 - rhombifer 204 - robusta 204, 205 Amydosaurus 148 - lugubris 154 annetteae, Dactyloperus 104 annulata, Heteronotia 134 annulatus, Diplodactylus 132, 133 - , Phyllodactylus 133 anomala, Heteronotia 134 Anomalurus 178 anomalus, Diplodactylus 132 - , Discodactylus 132

- , Heteronotia 134 - , Phyllodactylus 132 arfakianus, Gymnodactylus (Heteronota) 29, 165 arfakiensis, Gymnodactylus 29 argentii, Nubilia 113 argyropus, Stellio 95, 99 arnouxi, Gymnodactylus 165, 166 arnouxii, Gymnodactylus 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168 - , Nactus 163, 167 articulatus, Hemidactylus ateles 206 - , Perochirus 207 Ascalabotes leachianus 214, 220 asper, Gymnodactylus 187, 188 - , Nephrurus 178, 180, 181, 182 - , Nephrus 181 - , Underwoodisaurus 188 assimilis, Diplodactylus 35 Strophurus 35 ateles articulatus, Hemidactylus 206 - depressa, Hemidactylus 207 - depressus, Hemidactylus 207 - , Hemidactylus 206, 207 - , Perochirus 206, 207 - scutellatus, Hemidactylus 207 attenboroughi, Oedura 200 aubrianus, Rhacodactylus 220 aubryanus, Rhacodactylus 220 - , Rhacodactylus leachianus 220 aurantiacus, Hemiphyllodactylus typus 128,130 - , Lepidodactylus 128 auranticus, Lepidodactylus 128 auriculatus, Ceratolophus 215, 216 - , Ceratophus 216 - , Phacodactylus 216 Platydactylus 215

288 Platydactylus (Ceratolophus) 215 - , Rhacodactylus 215, 216 auritus, Hemidactylus 119, 121 australis, Gehyra 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 94, 103 - , Gehyra variegata 75, 80 - , Gonatodes 12 - , Goniodactylus 12 - , Hemidactylus 75 - , Heteronotia 134 - , Hoplodactylus (Pentadactylus) 132 - , Pentadactylus 132 - , Peropus variegatus 75, 80 - , Phyllurus 212 - , Phyriadoria 76 - , Platydactylus 75 - , Pseudothecadactylus 216, 217 - , Pseudothecadaxtylus 217 - , Rhacodactylus 216, 217 - , Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) 217 - , Thecadactylus 214, 216 - , Torresia 216 baliola, Gehyra 77, 78, 97 baliolus, Hemidactylus 77 - , Peropus 77 barbouri, Diplodactylus 46 - , Phyllodactylus 45, 46 barea, Gehyra 86 Bavaia 2 Bavaya 2 - cyclura 4 - sauvagei 5 - sauvagii 5 bavayi, Hemidactylus (Peripia) 3 Bavayia 2 - crassicollis 3 - cyclura 3, 4 - cyclura crassicollis 3 - cyclura cyclura 3 - cyclura montana 4 - montana 4 - ornata 4 - sauvagei 3, 5 - sauvagei ornata 4 - sauvagi 5 - sauvagii 4, 5 - sauvagii ornata 4 - sauvagii sauvagii 5 - septuiclavis 5 - validiclavis 5 beebei, Gehyra 90, 91, 92 bifurcifer, Stellio 110 biggsae, Christinus 12 bilineatus, Crenadactylus 19 - , Crenadactylus ocellatus 19, 54

- , Diplodactylus 19, 54, 55 - , Diplodactylus ocellatus 19 - , Phyllodactylus 19 binoei, Gymnodactylus 132 - , Heteronota 130, 132, 133 - , Heteronotia 132, 133, 134 biordinis, Cyrtodactylus 23 - , Gonydactylus 23 bivittata, Gecko vittatus 111 bibittatus, Gecko 110 - , Gecko vittatus 110, 111 - , Gekko vittatus 112 Platydactylus 110 - , Platydactylus (Scelotretus) 110 blanfordii, Hemidactylus 123 blavieri, Phyllurus 187, 188 bojeri, Hemidactylus (Pnoepus) 115 - , Pnoepus 120 Boltalia 113 - sublevis 113 borneensis, Hemidactylus 225 borneensis, Hemidactylus 225 borroloola, Dactyloperus 78 - , Gehyra 78 Phyriadoria 78 bowringi, Hemidactylus 118 bowringii, Doryura 113 - , Hemidactylus 113, 117, 119 brevicaudis, Peripia 77, 78 brevidactylus, Naultinus 143, 144 brevipalmata, Gehyra 79 brevipalmatus, Hemidactylus (Peropus) 79 Peropus 79 Briba 114 brookii, Hemidactylus 226 browni, Lepidodactylus 150 brunneus, Aelurosaurus 146 - , Aeluroscalabotes 146 - , Pentadactylus 146 Bunocnemis 113 - modestus 113 burmeisteri, Platydactylus 108 bynoei, Heteronota 133 byrnei, Diplodactylus 36, 37

Cainodactylus 126 candeloti, Gymnodactylus 154 - , Lepidodactylus 154 cantoris, Lepidodactylus 157 - , Peripia 154 caracal, Gecko 116 - , Pnoepus 120 Carphodactylus 6 - laevis 6, 7, 8 Carpodactylus 6

289 castelnaui, Oedura 193, 194, 195, 201 Phyllodactylus (Oedura) 193, 201 castelnauxi, Oedura 194 catenata, Dactyloperus 80 - , Gehyra 79, 80 catenatus, Dactyloperus 80 caudeloti, Gymnodactylus 154 caudiannulatus, Phyllurus 209 cavaticus, Pseudothecadactylus 218 - , Pseudothecadactylus lindneri 218 - , Rhacodactylus 218 - , Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) 218 Ceramodactylus daemeus 41 - damaeus 31, 41 Ceratolophus 214 - auriculatus 215, 216 - hexaceros 214, 215 ceratolophus, Gecko 216 Ceratophus 214 - auriculatus 216 ceylonensis, Hemiphyllodactylus 128 - , Lepidodactylus 126, 128, 129, 155 chahoua, Chameleonurus 219, 222 Platydactylus 219, 222 - , Platydactylus (Rhacodactylus) 219 - , Rhacodactylus 219, 222 Chalinocnemis 72 Chamaeleonurus 214 - trachycephalus 222 Chameleonurus 214 - chahoua 219, 222 - trachycephalus 214, 222 chapaensis, Hemiphyllodactylus typus 130 chaus, Gecko 116 cheverti, Gymnodactylus 166 Christina 8 Christinus VII, 8 - biggsae 12 - guentheri 8, 9 - marmoratus 9, 10, 11 - marmoratus alexanderi 12, 13 - marmoratus macrodactylus 12, 13 - marmoratus marmoratus 11, 12, 13 -marmoratus peronii 11, 13 chrysosireticus, Hoplodactylus 136 ciliaris aberrans, Diplodactylus 38, 39 - aberrans, Strophurus 38, 39 - ciliaris, Diplodactylus 35, 37, 38, 67 - , Diplodactylus 37, 38 - , Diplodactylus spinigerus 37, 38 - , Diplodactylus strophurus 38 - intermedius, Diplodactylus 35, 48 - , Strophurus 37, 38 ciliatus, Correlophus 214, 219 - , Rhacodactylus 219 cincta, Oedura 199, 200

cinctus, Nephrurus 192 - , Nephrurus wheeleri 192 coctaei, Hemidactylus 113 coggeri, Oedura 195, 201 cognata, Dactyloperus 100 - , Gehyra 100, 101 cognatus, Dactyloperus 101 - , Gehyra 100 conspicillatus, Diplodactylus 31, 39, 40, 41 - , Manwellisaurus 41 cornutum, Phyllurus 210 cornutus, Gymnodactylus 210 - , Phyllurus 210, 211 Correlophus 214 - ciliatus 214, 219 Cosymbotes 14 - platyurus 16 Cosymbotus 13, 14, 114 - craspedotus 14 -platyurus 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 craspedotus, Cosymbotus 14 crassicollis, Bavayia 3 Bavayia cyclura 3 Crenadactylus 17 - bilineatus 19 - horni 19 - naso 20 - ocellatus 18, 19 - ocellatus bilineatus 19, 54 - ocellatus horni 19 - ocellatus naso 20 - ocellatus ocellatus 19 - ocellatus rostralis 20, 21 - rostralis 20, 21 crepuscularis, Hemiphyllodactylus 128 - , Lepidodactylus 126, 128, 154, 158 - , Lepidodactylus (Hemiphyllodactylus) 128 - , Platydactylus 126, 130, 154, 158 - , Platydactylus (Lepidodactylus) 154 Crossurus platyurus 15 Crytodactylus 21 cuvieri, Phyllurus 211, 212 cuvierii, Phyllurus 211, 212 cyanodactylus, Gecus 113 cyclura, Bavaya 4 - , Bavayia 3, 4, 5 - crassicollis, Bavayia 3 - cyclura, Bavayia 3 - , Hemidactylus 4 - montana, Bavayia 4 - , Peripia 3 cyclurus, Lepidodactylus 3 Cyrtodactylus 21 - biordinis 23 - derongo 24 - galgajuga 164

290 - loriae 24, 25 - louisadensis 26 - louisiadensis 21, 25, 26 - marmoratus 26, 27, 28, 30 - mimikanus 28 - n i l i i 187 - novaeguineae 29 - papuensis 29 - pelagicus 167 - platura 212 - pulchellus 21 - sadleiri VII, 29, 30 - sermowaiensis 30 - triedrus 21 - tuberculatus 26 - vankampeni 168 Dactylocnemis 136 - granulatus 141 - maculatus 144 - pacificus 146 - wiillerstorfii 146 Dactyloperus 72 - annetteae 104 - borroloola 78 - catenata 80 - catenatus 80 - cognata 100 - cognatus 101 - dubia 80 - fenestra 82 - grayi 80, 81 - insulensis 88 - kimberleyi 83 - kingi 104 - lazelli 104, 105 - longicaudis 80 - longicaudus 81 - mestoni 80, 81 - minutus 86 - montium 87 - nana 94 - occidentalis 94 - pamela 99 - pilbara 100, 101 - pomareae 154 - punctata 101 - punctatus 101, 102 - purpurascens 102 - robustus 102 - variegata 104 - variegatus 104, 105 - xenopus 106 daemeus, Ceramodactylus 41 Diplodactylus 41 damaeum, Lucasium 41, 42

damaeus, Ceramodactylus 31, 41 - , Diplodactylus 41, 42 - , Lucasius 41 - , Turnerdactylus 42 dameum, Diplodactylus 41 deissneri, Platydactylus 108 delcorti, Hoplodactylus 139 delcourti, Hoplodactylus 139 deleani, Nephrurus 182 depressa, Hemidactylus ateles 207 depressus, Hemidactylus 113, 207 - , Hemidactylus ateles 207 - , Perochirus 207 derbiana, Heteronota 132, 133 - , Heteronotia 134 derbianus, Eublepharis 132 - , Heteronotia 134 derbyana, Heteronota 132 derelicta, Oedura 200 derongo, Cyrtodactylus 24 - , Gonydactylus 24 digitata, Woodworthia 144 digitatus, Hoplodactylus 144 Diplodactylus 31, 42 - alboguttatus 34 - annulatus 132, 133 - anomalus 132 - assimilis 35 - barbouri 46 - bilineatus 19, 54, 55 - byrnei 36, 37 - ciliaris 37, 38 - ciliaris aberrans 38, 39 - ciliaris ciliaris 35, 37, 38, 67 - ciliaris intermedius 35, 48 - conspicillatus 31, 39, 40, 41 - daemeus 41 - damaeus 41, 42 - dameum 41 - dorotheae 36, 37 - dorsalis 55 - elderi 31, 42, 43 - fulleri 43 - furcosus 43, 44, 45, 46 - galeatus 45 - granariensis 45, 46 - granariensis granariensis 46 - granariensis rex 47 - hilli 39 - hillii 39, 40 - immaculatus 47, 62 - intermedius 47, 48 - jeanae 48, 49 - j o n a t h o n i 47 - kenneallyi 49 - lesueurii 197

291 - lucasi 55 - maini 50 - marmoratus 8, 10, 12 - mcmillani 50 - michaelseni 51, 52, 63 - mitchelli 52 - occultus 52 - ocellatus 17, 18, 19 - ocellatus bilineatus 19 - ornatus 44, 53 - pachyurus 65 - paraornatus 224 - platyurus 39, 40 - polyophtalmus 54, 61 - pulcher 19, 54, 55 - pulcher dorsalis 55 - pulcher dorsotaeniata 54 - pulcher pulcher 55 - rankini 56 - rex 47 - savagei 57 -spinigerus 31, 36, 37, 47, 48, 57, 58, 59, 62, - spinigerus aberrans 38 - spinigerus ciliaris 37, 38 - spinigerus inornatus 59 - spinigerus spinigerus 58, 59 - squarrosus 59, 60 - steindachneri 31, 60 - stenodactylus 31, 47, 54, 61 - stenodactylus stenodactylus 61 - stenurus 60 - strophurus 47, 62, 63 - strophurus aberrans 38, 39 - strophurus ciliaris 38 - strophurus intermedius 48 - strophurus spinigerus 58 - strophurus strophurus 62, 63 - taeniata 48, 63 - taeniate 63 - taeniatus 48, 49, 63 - taenicauda 64 - taenicaudus 64 - taeniocauda 64 - tesselatus 65 - tessellatus 64, 65 - vittatus 31, 44, 45, 46, 53, 54, 65, 66, 67, - vittatus furcosus 66 - wellingtonae 67 - williamsi 67, 68 - wilsoni 69 - wombeyi 69 - woodwardi 61 Discodactylus anomalus 132 - dumerilii 62 discosura, Agama 211 - , Phyllura 211

divergens, Lepidodactylus 155, 156, 157, 158 diwancelii, Hoplodactylus 140 dorotheae, Diplodactylus 36, 37 dorreensis, Gecko 225 dorsalis, Diplodactylus 55 - , Diplodactylus pulcher 54 dorsotaeniata, Diplodactylus pulcher 54 Doryura 113 - bowringii 113 - garnotii 123 - gaudama 123 - vulpecula 123 Dravidogecko 114 dubia, Dactyloperus 80 Gehyra 75, 80, 81 - , Peripia 80 - , Phyriadoria 81 dumerilii, Discodactylus (Strophurus) 62 Phyllodactylus 62 duvancellii, Hoplodactylus 139 duvauceli, Hoplodactylus 139, 140 - , Naultinus 139 duvaucelii, Hoplodactylus 139, 140, 141 - , Pentadactylus 139 - , Platydactylus 136, 139, 146, 222 duvaucellii, Hopladactylus 139

Ebenavia horni 19 eboracensis, Heteronota 165, 166 - , Nactus 167 eborascensis, Heteronota 166 elderi, Diplodactylus 31, 42, 43 - , Eremiastrophurus 43 - , Strophurus 43 elegans elegans, Naultinus 172, 173, 175 - gemmeus, Naultinus 174 - grayi, Naultinus 175 Gymnodactylus 172 - , Hoplodactylus 172 - manukanus, Naultinus 176 - , Naulthinus 174 - , Naultinulus 171 - , Naultinus 136, 141, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 - ocellatus, Naultinus 172 - pentagonalis, Naultinus 174 - poecilochlorus, Naultinus 176 - punctatus, Naultinus 173, 174 - rudis, Naultinus 176 - stellatus, Naultinus 177, 178 - sulphureus, Naultinus 172 - tuberculatus, Naultinus 178 Emydactylus 113 Eodura 192

292 Eremiastrophurus 31 - elderi 43 - mahoodi 43 euaensis, Lepidodactylus 150 Eublepharis derbianus 132 euensis, Lepidodactylus 285 Eurhous 113 Eurydactylodes 69 - symmetricus 70 - vieillardi 70, 71 Eurydactylus 69 - symmetricus 70 - vieillardi 70 - viellardi 70 - vielliardi 70 Eurydectylus 69 - viellardi 70 fasciata, Heteronota 165, 166 fasciatus, Gymnodactylus 165 -, Hemidactylus 113, 114 fenestra, Dactyloperus 82 - , Gehyra 81, 82, 83 filicipoda, Oedura 195, 196 fischeri, Gehyra 84 flaviocularis, Lepidodactylus 151 flaviviridis, Hemidactylus 113 floweri, Mimetozoon 14 fraenatus, Hemidactylus 115, 116 fragilis, Hemidactylus 117 - , Pnoepus 120 fraticolor, Oedura 199, 200 frenatus, Hemi-dactylus, 115, 121 - , Hemidactylus 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 - , Pnoepus 120 fulleri, Diplodactylus 43 - , Turnerdactylus 43 fumosus, Gymnodactylus 27 furcosus, Diplodactylus 43, 44, 45, 46 - , Diplodactylus vittatus 66 Gakko 107 galeatus, Diplodactylus 45 galgajuga, Cyrtodactylus 164 - , Nactus 164 gardeneri, Lepidodactylus 151 gardineri, Lepidodactylus 151 garnetii, Hemidactylus 124 garnoti, Hemidactylus 123, 124, 125 garnotii, Doryura 123 - , Hemidactylus 113, 123, 124, 125 - , Hoplopodion (Onychopus) 123 - , Lepidodactylus 124 garnotti, Hemidactylus 125 gaudama, Doryura 123

- , Hemidactylus 123, 124 - , Nycteridium 123 Gecco 107 Gecko 107 - bivittatus 110 - caracal 116 - ceratolophus 216 - chaus 116 - dorreensis 225 - gelatinosus 225 - grayi 80, 81 - guttatus 107 - harrieti 92, 154 - leachianus 220 - leachii 220 - listen 153 - lugubris 154 - mabouia 113 - marginatus 13, 14 - moestus 154, 158 - monarchus 108, 109 - mutilata 91 - neo-caledonicus 3 - neocaledonicus 3 - oceanicus 95, 97, 99 - pardus 88 - platurus 208 - platycaudus 14, 212 - pumilus 162 - trachylaemus 110, 112 - trachyloemus 112 - tuberculatus 109 - tuberculosus 109 - vittatus 110, 111, 112 - vittatus bivittatus 110, 111 gecko, Gekko 107, 109, 226 Geckoella 21 - punctata 21 Geckoides 208, 209 - platurus 211 Geckus 107, 113 Gecus 107, 113 - cyanodactylus 113 Gehira 72 - oceanica 96 Gehydra 72 - variegata 104 Gehyla 72 - mutilata 92 Gehyra 71, 72, 73, 77 - australis 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 94, 103 - baliola 77, 78, 97 - barea 86 - beebei 90, 91, 92 - borroloola 78 - brevipalmata 78

catenata 79, 80 cognata 100, 101 cognatus 100 dubia 75, 80, 81 fenestra 81, 82, 83 fischeri 84 grayi 75, 80 grayii 75 gularis 95 harrieti 92 insulanus 91 insulensis 89, 91, 92 interstitalis 83 interstitialis 83 kimberleyi VII, 83 lampei 84 leopoldi 84 marginata 84, 85, 106 membranacruralis 85, 86, 106 minuta 86 montium 86, 87 mugtilata 91 mutilata 72, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 226 mutilatus 88, 92 nana 94, 105 neglecta 154 occidentalis 94, 95 Oceania 96

oceanica 71, 77, 85, 86,95,96,97,99,100,105 106, 146 oceanicus 96 ogasawarasimae 156 pacifica 71, 95, 144 packardii 92 pamela 99 papuana 84, 100 pardus 92 peronii 92 pilbara 100, 101 platurus 88, 92 platyura 16 punctata 81, 82, 83, 86, 94, 99, 101, 102 purpurascens 102 purpurescens 102 robusta 102, 103 torresiana 78 variegata 71, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 101, 103, 104 105, 226 variegata agasawarisimae 157 variegata australis 75, 80 variegata ogasawarasimae 156, 157 variegata punctata 101 variegata variegata 103 variegatus 80 vorax 85, 86, 97, 105, 106 xenopus 106, 107

Gekko 107, 113, 126 - gecko 107, 109, 226 - listen 153 - monachus 109 - monarchus 108, 109 - platyurus 14 - pumilus 161 - tuberculatus 109 - verticillatus 107 - villatus 112 -vittatus 107, 109, 110, 111, 112 - vittatus bivittatus 112 gelatinosus, Gecko 225 - , Hemidactylus 225 gemmata, Oedura 196 gemmeus, Heteropholis 174 - , Naultinus 174 - , Naultinus elegans 174 Geteronota 285 Ghyra 72 - oceanica 96 Gonatodes australis 12 Goniodactylus 21 - australis 12 - marmoratus 26 Gonydactylus 21 - biordinis 23 - derongo 24 - loriae 25 - louisiadensis 26 - marmoratus 28 - mimikanus 28 - novaeguineae 29 - papuensis 29 - sadleiri 30 - sermowaiensis 30 Gonyodactylus 21 - marmoratus 26 gracilis, Oedura 196 - , Ptyodactylus 126 graii, Naultinus 175 granariensis, Diplodactylus 45 - granariensis, Diplodactylus 46 - rex, Diplodactylus 47 grandoculis, Agama 211 - , Phyllura 211 granulatus, Dactylocnemis 141 - , Hoplodactylus 139, 141, 142, 144 - , Hoplodactylus (Naultinus) 141 - , Naultinus 141, 142, 144 grayi, Dactyloperus 80, 81 - , Gecko 80, 81 - , Gehyra 75, 80 - , Hoplodactylus 175 - , Naultinus 142, 171, 175 - , Naultinus elegans 175

294 grayii, Gehyra 75 Gymnodactylus 175 Naultinus 141, 142, 175 greeri, Oedura 200 greyii, Naultinus 141, 142 guadama, Hemidactylus 124 guentheri, Christinus 8, 9 - , Perochirus 207 - , Phyllodactylus 8, 9 Ridegekko 9 gularis, Gehyra 95 guppyi, Lepidodactylus 151, 152, 161, 162 guttatus, Gecko 107 - , Platydactylus 109 Gymnodactylus agamensis 26, 27 - arfakianus 29, 165 - arfakiensis 29 - arnouxi 165, 166 - arnouxii 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168 - a s p e r 187, 188 - binoei 132 - candeloti 154 - caudeloti 154 - cheverti 166 - cornutus 210 - elegans 172 - fasciatus 165 - fumosus 27 - grayii 175 - heteronotus 166 - inermis 212 - laevis 39 - loriae 24, 25 - louisadensis 25 - louisiadensis 24, 25, 29 - marmoratus 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 - marmoratus quadrilineatus 27 - milii 187, 188 - miliusi 187 - miliusii 178, 187 - milusii 187 - mimikanus 28 - multicarinatus 165 - novae-guineae 29 - novaeguineae 29 - olivii 25 - papuensis 29 - pelagicus 166, 167 - pelagicus pelagicus 167 - phyllurus 212 - platurus 210, 212 - platyurus 212 - punctatus 173 - sermowaiensis 29, 30 - serpeninsula 163 - sphyrurus 189, 210

- spyrurus 210 - vankampeni 168 - vittatus 187 Haplodactylus 137 harrieti, Gecko 92, 154 - , Gehyra 92 Hemidact 113 Hemi-dactylus 113 - frenatus 115, 121 Hemidactylus 14, 113 - ateles 206, 207 - ateles articulatus 206 - ateles depressa 207 - ateles depressus 207 - ateles scutellatus 207 - auritus 119, 121 - australis 75 - baliolus 77 - bavayi 3 - blanfordii 123 - bojeri 115 - borneensis 225 - borneensis 225 - bowringi 118 - bowringii 113, 117, 119 - brevipalmatus 79 - brookii 226 - coctaei 113 - cyclura 4 - depressus 113 - fasciatus 113, 114 - flaviviridis 113 - fraenatus 115, 116 - fragilis 117 - f r e n a t u s 113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120, 121 - garnetii 124 - garnoti 123, 124, 125 - g a r n o t i i 113, 123, 124, 125 - garnotti 125 - gaudama 123, 124 - gelatinosus 225 - guadama 124 - hexaspis 116, 118 - inornatus 116 - j a v a n i c u s 113, 115 - leschenaultii 113, 225 - longiceps 116 - ludekingi 123 - ludekingii 123 - m a b o u i a 109, 113, 118 - mandellianus 123 - marginatus 14, 15 - meijeri 154 - modestus 113

295 - mortoni 123 - mutilata 88 - mutilatus 71, 89 - navarii 72, 89, 91 - nepalensis 15 - nigriventris 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 - oceanicus 95 -okinawensis 118, 119, 120 - ornatus 114 - oualensis 71, 95, 96 - ovalensis 96 - peronii 72, 88 - peruvianus 113, 123, 124 - platurus 88 - platyurus 14, 15, 16 - pristiurus 88 - pumilus 116, 118, 119 - punilis 118, 119 - punctatus 115 - pusillus 226 - richardsonii 113 - stejnegeri 125 - tristis 116 - turcicus 113 - vandermeer-mohri 118, 119 - vandermeermohri 119, 120 - variegatus 72, 103, 105 - vittatus 115, 116 - zosterophorus 225 Hemiphillodactylus 285 Hemiphyllodactylus 126 - albostictus 129 - ceylonensis 128 - crepuscularis 128 - leucostictus 128, 129 - margarethae 130 - t y p u s 126, 128, 129, 130, 154, 158 - typus aurantiacus 128, 130 - typus chapaensis 130 - typus pallidus 130 - typus typus 129, 130 Hemydactylus 113 Heteronota 130, 163 - binoei 130, 132, 133 - bynoei 133 - d e r b i a n a 132, 133 - derbyana 132 - eboracensis 165, 166 - eborascensis 166 - fasciata 165, 166 - pelagica 164, 168 - spelea 134 - walshi 189 Heteronotia 130, 163 - annulata 134 - anomala 134

- anomalus 134 - australis 134 - b i n o e i 132, 133, 134 - derbiana 134 - derbianus 134 - horneri 134 - planiceps 134 - spelea 134 - wadei 134 - w a l s h i 189 heteronotus, Gymnodactylus 166 Heteropholis 170 - gemmeus 174 - manukanus 176 - nebulosus 141, 142 - poecilochlorus 176 - rudis 170, 177 - stellatus 177, 178 - tuberculatus 178 Heteronota 163 - marmorata 165, 166 hexaceros, Ceratolophus 214, 215 hexaspis, Hemidactylus 116, 118 hilli, Diplodactylus 39 hillii, Diplodactylus 39, 40 - , Manwellisaurus 41 himalayanum, Nycteridium 15 Hoplodactylus 136 - australis 132 - chrysosireticus 138 - delcorti 139 - delcourti 139 - digitatus 144 - diwancelii 140 - duvancellii 139 - duvauceli 139, 140 - duvaucelii 139, 140, 141 - duvaucellii 139 - elegans 172 - granulatus 139, 141, 142, 144 - grayi 175 - kahutarae 142 - leachianus 220 - maculatus 136, 143, 144 - nebulosus 142 - pacificus 144, 146, 147 - pomarii 146 - punctatus 173 - rakiurae 147 - stephensi 147, 148 - tuberculatus 21, 25 Hoplodaetylus 136 - pacificus 146 Hoplopodion 113 - garnotii 123 - peruvianum 123

296 - platyurus 14 horneri, Heteronotia 134 horni, Crenadactylus 19 - , Crenadactylus ocellatus 19 - , Ebenavia 19 husbandi, Underwoodisaurus 188 immaculatus, Diplodactylus 47, 62 inermis, Gymnodactylus 212 Phyllurus 212 inornatus, Diplodactylus spinigerus 59 - , Hemidactylus 116 - , Pnoepus 120 - , Strophurus 59 Strophurus spinigerus 59 insulanus, Gehyra 91 insulensis, Dactyloperus 88 Gehyra 89, 91, 92 intermedius, Diplodactylus 47, 48 - , Diplodactylus ciliaris 35, 48 - , Diplodactylus strophurus 48 - , Lepidodactylus 156, 157 - , Lepidodactylus lugubris 157 - , Strophurus 48 interstitalis, Gehyra 83 interstitialis, Gehyra 83 - , Peropus 83 javanicus, Hemidactylus 113, 115 - , Hemidactylus (Pnoepus) 115 jeanae, Diplodactylus 48, 49 - , Oedurella 48 - , Strophurus 48 jonathoni, Diplodactylus 47 - , Turnerdactylus 47 kahutarae, Hoplodactylus 142 kenneallyi, Diplodactylus 49 - , Manwellisaurus 49 kimberleyi, Dactyloperus 83 - , Gehyra VII, 83 kingi, Dactyloperus 104 klugei, Perochirus 207 Lacerta platura 208, 211, 212 - schneideriana 14 - unistriata 110 - vittata 109, 110 laevis, Carphodactylus 6, 7, 8 - , Gymnodactylus 39 - , Nephrurus 183, 184, 190, 191 - occidentalis, Nephrurus 185 - pilbarensis, Nephrurus 186 laevissismus, Nephrurus 182, 183 lampei, Gehyra 84 lazelli, Dactyloperus 104, 105

leachianus, Ascalabotes 214, 220 - aubryanus, Rhacodactylus 220 - , Gecko 220 - , Hoplodactylus (Rhacodactylus) 220 - leachianus, Rhacodactylus 220 - , Lomatodactylus (Platydactylus) 220 - , Platydactylus 220 - , Pteroplura (Gecko) 220 - , Rhacodactylus 220 - , Rhacodactylus leachianus 220 leachii, Gecko 220 Leiurus 113 - ornatus 113 leopoldi, Gehyra 84 - , Peropus 84 Lepidodactylus 126, 148, 158 - aurantiacus 128 - auranticus 128 - browni 150 - candeloti 154 - cantoris 157 - ceylonensis 126, 128, 129, 155 - crepuscularis 126, 128, 154, 158 - cyclurus 3 - d i v e r g e n s 155, 156, 157, 158 - euaensis 150 - euensis 285 - flaviocularis 151 - gardeneri 151 - gardineri 151 - garnotii 124 - guppyi 151, 152, 161, 162 - intermedius 156, 157 - listen 153 - lombocensis 156 - lugubris 92, 126, 130, 153,154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 163 - lugubris intermedius 157 - magnus 160 - manni 160 - meijeri 157 - mutahi 161 - mysorensis 157 - neocaledonicus 3 - novaeguinea 157 - novaeguineae 157 - orientalis 161 - pulcher 161, 162 - pumilis 162 - pumilus 162 - pusillus 226 - roseus 156 - sauvagii 4, 5 - shebae 162, 163 - woodfordi 163 leschenaultii, Hemidactylus 113, 225

297 leseurii, Oedura 197 lessueri, Oedura 198 lesuerii, Oedura 198 lesueuri, Oedura 197, 198, 203 - , Phyllodactylus 198 lesueurii, Amalosia 198 - , Diplodactylus (Pachyurus) 197 - lesueurii, Oedura 41, 198 Oedura 41,67, 197, 198,203 - , Phyllodactylus 66, 192, 197, 198, 203 - rhombifer, Oedura 203 - rhombifera, Oedura 203 leucostictus, Hemiphyllodactylus 128, 129 levis levis, Nephrurus 184, 185 - Nephrurus 182, 183, 184, 185 - occidentalis, Nephrurus 185 - pilbarensis, Nephrurus 186 lichenosus, Phyllurus 210 lindbergi, Pseudothecadactylus 221 lindneri cavaticus, Pseudothecadactylus 218 - lindneri, Pseudothecadactylus 221 - , Pseudothecadactylus 218, 221 - , Rhacodactylus 221 - , Rhacodactylus (Pseudothecadactylus) 221 lineatus, Naultinus 174 Lipidodactylus 148 - lugubris 155 Lipododactylus 148 - lugubris 157 listeri, Gecko 153 - , Gekko 153 - , Lepidodactylus 153 Liurus 113 Lomatodactylus 107 - leachianus 220 - platyurus 14 - vittatus 110 lombocensis, Lepidodactylus 156 longicaudis, Dactyloperus 80 - , Peripia 80, 81 longicaudus, Dactyloperus 81 longiceps, Hemidactylus 116 Lophopholis 113 loriae, Cyrtodactylus 24, 25 - , Gonydactylus 25 - , Gymnodactylus 24, 25 Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 25 louisadensis, Cyrtodactylus 26 - , Gymnodactylus 25 - , Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 25 louisiadensis, Cyrtodactylus 21, 25, 26 - , Gonydactylus 26 - , Gymnodactylus 24, 25, 29 lucasi, Diplodactylus 55 Lucasium 31, 42 - damaeum 41, 42

Lucasius 31 - damaeus 41 ludekingi, Hemidactylus 123 ludekingii, Hemidactylus 123 lugubris, Amydosaurus 154 - , Gecko 154 - intermedius, Lepidodactylus 157 - , Lepidodactylus 92, 126, 130, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 163 - , Lipidodactylus 155 Lipododactylus 157 - , Peripia 154 - , Platydactylus 148, 153, 154 mabouia, Gecko 113 - , Hemidactylus 109, 113, 118 macrodactylus, Christinus marmoratus 12, 13 - , Phyllodactylus 12 maculatus, Dactylocnemis 144 - , Hoplodactylus 136, 143, 144 - , Naultinus 143, 144 magnus, Lepidodactylus 160 mahoodi, Eremiastrophurus 43 maini, Diplodactylus 50 - , Turnerdactylus 50 mandellianus, Hemidactylus (Doryura) 123 manni, Lepidodactylus 160 manukanus, Heteropholis 176 - , Naultinus 176 - , Naultinus elegans 176 Manwellisaurus 31 - conspicillatus 41 - hillii 41 - kenneallyi 49 - platyurus 41 - savagei 57 margarethae, Hemiphyllodactylus 130 marginata, Gehyra 84, 85, 106 marginatus, Gecko 13, 14 Hemidactylus 14, 15 - , Platyurus 14 marmorata, Hetoronota 165, 166 - , Oedura 192, 194, 196, 199, 200, 201, 205 - , Peripia 77 - , Phyllodactylus (Aedura) 199 marmoratus alexanderi, Christinus 12, 13 - alexanderi, Phyllodactylus 12 - , Christinus 9, 10, 11 - , Cyrtodactylus 26, 27, 28, 30 - , Diplodactylus 8, 10, 12 Goniodactylus 26 - , Gonydactylus 28 - , Gonyodactylus (Gonyodactylus) 26 - , Gymnodactylus 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 - , Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 28 - macrodactylus, Christinus 12, 13

298 - marmoratus, Christinus 11, 12, 13 - marmoratus, Phyllodactylus 8, 9, 12 - novae-guineae, Gymnodactylus 29 - peronii, Christinus 11,13 - , Phyllodactylus 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 199 - , Phyllurus 26 - quadrilineatus, Gymnodactylus 27 Mascarenogecko 163 mayeri, Oedura 193 mcmillani, Diplodactylus 50 - , Strophurus 50 meijeri, Hemidactylus 154 - , Lepidodactylus 157 membranacruralis, Gehyra 85, 86, 106 mestoni, Dactyloperus 80, 81 - , Perochirus 80, 81 meyeri, Peripia 154 michaelseni, Diplodactylus 51, 52, 63 - , Oedurella 51 Strophurus 51, 52 Microdactylus 113 mili, Phyllurus 188 milii, Gymnodactylus 187, 188 - , Gymnodactylus (Underwoodisaurus) 188 - , Nephrurus 178, 187, 188 - , Phyllurus 187, 188 Underwoodisaurus 188 miliusi, Gymnodactylus 187 miliusii, Gymnodactylus 178, 187 - , Gymnodactylus (Anomalurus) 187 - , Phyllurus 187 millius, Phyllurus 187 milusii, Gymnodactylus 187 Mimetozoon 14 - floweri 14 mimikanus, Cyrtodactylus 28 - , Gonydactylus 28 Gymnodactylus 28 minuta, Gehyra 86 minutus, Dactyloperus 86 mitchelli, Diplodactylus 52 modestus, Bunocnemis 113 - , Hemidactylus 113 moestus, Gecko 154, 158 monachus, Gekko 109 monarchus, Gecko 108, 109 - , Gekko 108, 109 - , Platydactylus 108 - , Platydactylus (Scelotretus) 108 monilis, Oedura 201, 202, 206 monolis, Oedura 201 monorchis, Platydactylus 108 monorchus, Platydactylus 108 montana, Bavayia 4 Bavayia cyclura 4 montium, Dactyloperus 87

- , Gehyra 86, 87 mortoni, Hemidactylus 123 mugtilata, Gehyra 91 multicarinatus, Gymnodactylus 165 multilatus, Peropus 91 mutahi, Lepidodactylus 161 mutilata, Gecko 91 Gehyla 92 - , Gehyra 72, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 226 - , Hemidactylus (Peripia) 88 - , Peripia 89 - , Peropus 90, 91 mutilatus, Gehyra 88, 92 - , Hemidactylus 88 - , Hemidactylus (Peripia) 89 - , Hemidactylus (Peropus) 71, 88 - , Pepopus 90 - , Peropus 88, 89, 90, 91 - , Peropus (Peropus) 88 - , Spathodactylus 126, 128 - , Spathoscalabotes 126, 128 myliusii, Phyllurus 187 mysorensis, Lepidodactylus 154 - , Peripia 154 Nactus 163 - arnouxii 163, 167 - eboracensis 167 - galgajuga 164 - pelagicus 164, 166, 167, 168 - pelagicus undulatus 166 - vankampeni 168, 170 nana, Dactyloperus 94 - , Gehyra 94, 105 naso, Crenadactylus 20 - , Crenadactylus ocellatus 20 Naulthinus 170 - elegans 174 Naultinulus 170 - elegans 171 Naultinus 136, 170 - brevidactylus 143, 144 - duvauceli 139 - e l e g a n s 136, 141, 170, 171,172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 - elegans elegans 172, 175 - elegans gemmeus 174 - elegans grayi 175 - elegans manukanus 176 - elegans ocellatus 172 - elegans pentagonalis 174 - elegans poecilochlorus 176 - elegans punctatus 173, 174 - elegans rudis 177 - elegans stellatus 177, 178 - elegans sulphureus 172

299 - elegans tuberbulatus 178 - gemmeus 174 - graii 175 - granulatus 141, 142, 144 - grayi 142, 171, 175 - grayii 141, 142, 175 - greyii 141, 142 - lineatus 174 - maculatus 143, 144 - maculatus 143, 144 - manukanus 176 - pacifica 146 - pacificus 136, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146 - pentagonalis 174 - poecilochlorus 176 - pulcherrimus 177 - punctatus 173, 174, 175 - rudis 176, 177 - silvestris 141 - simpsoni 175 - stellatus 178 - sulphureus 172 - sylvestris 141 - tuberculatus 178 - versicolor 141 navarii, Hemidactylus 72, 89, 91 nebulosus, Heteropholis 141, 142 - , Hoplodactylus 142 neglecta, Gehyra 154 neglectus, Peropus 154 neo-caledonicus, Gecko (Lepidodactylus) 3 neocaledonicus, Gecko 3 - , Lepidodactylus 3 nepalensis, Hemidactylus 15 Nephrurus 178 - a s p e r 178, 180, 181, 182 - cinctus 192 - d e l e a n i 182 - l a e v i s 183, 184, 190, 191 - laevis occidentalis 185 - laevis pilbarensis 186 - laevissimus 182, 183 - levis 182, 183, 184, 185 - levis levis 184, 185 - levis occidentalis 185 - levis pilbarensis 186 - m i l i i 178, 187, 188 - occidentalis 185 - platyurus 183, 184, 185 - sphyrurus 189 - stellatus 190 - vertebralis 182, 190, 191 - wheeleri 191, 192 - wheeleri cinctus 192 -wheeleri wheeleri 191, 192 Nephrus 178

- asper 181 nigriventris, Hemidactylus 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 nilii, Cyrtodactylus 187 novae-guineae, Gymnodactylus 29 Gymnodactylus marmoratus 29 novaeguinea, Lepidodactylus 157 novaeguineae, Cyrtodactylus 29 - , Gonydactylus 29 - , Gymnodactylus 29 - , Lepidodactylus 157 novaehollandiae, Phyllurus 211 Nubilia 113 - , argen tii 113 Nycteridium 14 - gaudama 123 - himalayanum 15 - platyurus 15 - schneiden 14, 15, 16 - schniederi 15

obscura, Amalosia 202 - , Oedura 202 occidentalis, Dactyloperus 94 - , Gehyra 94, 95 - , Nephrurus 185 - , Nephrurus laevis 185 - , Nephrurus levis 185 - , Phyriadoria 94 occultus, Diplodactylus 52 - , Turnerdactylus 52 Oceania, Gehyra 96 oceanic, Gehira 96 - , Gehyra 71, 77, 85, 86, 95, 96, 97, 99,100,105, 106, 146 - , Ghyra 96 oceanicus, Gecko 95, 97, 99 - , Gehyra 96 Hemidactylus 95 - , Peropus 96 ocellata, Oedura 201, 202, 205, 206 ocellatus bilineatus, Crenadactylus 19, 54 - bilineatus, Diplodactylus 19 - , Crenadactylus 18, 19 Diplodactylus 17, 18, 19 - horni, Crenadactylus 19 - naso, Crenadactylus 20 - , Naultinus elegans 172 - ocellatus, Crenadactylus 19 - , Phyllodactylus 18 - rostralis, Crenadactylus 20, 21 Oedura 192 - attenboroughi 200 - castelnaui 193, 194, 195, 201

300 - castelnauxi 194 - cincta 199, 200 - coggeri 195, 201 - derelicta 200 - filicipoda 195, 196 - fraticolor 199, 200 - gemmata 196 - gracilis 196 - greeri 200 - leseurii 197 - lessueri 198 - lesuerii 198 - lesueuri 197, 198, 203 - lesueurii 41, 67, 197, 198, 203, 204 - lesueurii lesueurii 41, 198 - lesueurii rhombifer 203 - lesueurii rhombifera 203 - marmorata 192, 194, 196, 199, 200, 201, 205 - mayeri 193 - monilis 201, 202, 206 - monolis 201 - obscura 202 - ocellata 201, 202, 205, 206 - reticulata 201, 202, 203 - rhombifer 197, 199, 203, 204 - rhombifera 202, 203, 204 - robusta 204, 205 - tryoni 193, 194, 201, 202, 205, 206 - verrillii 199, 200, 201 Oedurella 31 - j e a n a e 48 - mcmillani 50 - michaelseni 51 - taeniata 31, 48, 63 ogasawarasimae, Gehyra 156 Gehyra variegata 156, 157 - , Peropus variegatus 156 okinawensis, Hemidactylus 118, 119, 120 olivii, Gymnodactylus 25 Onychopus 113 orientalis, Lepidodactylus 161 ormsbyi, Rhynchoedura 224 ornata, Bavayia 4 - , Bavayia sauvagei 4 - , Bavayia sauvagii 4 - , Peripia 154 - , Rhynchoedura 223, 224 ornatus, Diplodactylus 44, 53 - , Hemidactylus 114 - , Leiurus 113 - , Phyllodactylus 53 oualensis, Hemidactylus 71, 95, 96 - , Peropus (Perodactylus) 95 ovalensis, Hemidactylus 96 Ozziedactylus 31 - steindachneri 60

Pachyurus 192 pachyurus, Diplodactylus 65 pacifica, Gehyra 71, 95, 144 - , Naultinus 146 pacificus, Dactylocnemis 146 - , Hoplodactylus 144, 146, 147 - , Hoplodaetylus 146 - , Naultinus 136, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146 - , Platydactylus 3, 146 packardii, Gehyra 92 - , Peropus 88 pallidus, Hemiphyllodactylus typus 130 pamela, Dactyloperus 99 - , Gehyra 99 - , Phyriadoria 99 Panaspis perdicolor 226 papuana, Gehyra 84, 100 - , Peropus 100 papuanus, Peropus 100 papuensis, Cyrtodactylus 29 - , Gonydactylus 29 Gymnodactylus 29 - , Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 29 - , Peripia 116, 121 - , Pnoepus 120 paraornatus, Diplodactylus 224 pardus, Gecko 88 - , Gehyra 92 pelagica, Heteronota 164, 168 pelagicus, Cyrtodactylus 167 - , Gymnodactylus 166 - , Nactus 164, 166, 167, 168 - pelagicus, Gymnodactylus 167 - pelagicus, Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 167 - undulatus, Nactus 166 Pentadactylus 136 - australis 132 - brunneus 146 - duvaucelii 139 pentagonalis, Naultinus 174 - , Naultinus elegans 174 Pepopus 72 - mutilatus 90 perdicolor, Panaspis 226 - , Peropus 226 Peripia 72 - brevicaudis 77, 78 - cantoris 154 - cyclura 3 - dubia 80 - longicaudis 80, 81 - lugubris 154 - marmorata 77 - meijeri 154 - meyeri 154

301 - mutilata 89 - mysorensis 154 - ornata 154 - papuensis 116, 121 - peroni 88 - peronii 88, 89 - torresiana 77, 78 - variegata 103 Perochirus 77, 206 - articulatus 207 - ateles 206, 207 - depressus 207 - guentheri 207 - klugei 207 - mestoni 80, 81 - scutellatus 207 Perodactylus 71 peroni, Peripia 88 peronii, Christinus marmoratus 11, 13 - , Gehyra 92 - , Hemidactylus 72, 88 - , Peripia 88, 89 - , Peropus (Dactyloperus) 88 - , Phyllodactylus 9, 10, 11, 12 Peroplus 71 Peropus 71, 72 - baliolus 77 - brevipalmatus 79 - interstitialis 83 - leopoldi 84 - multilatus 91 - mutilata 90, 91 - mutilatus 88, 89, 90, 91 - neglectus 154 - oceanicus 96 - oualensis 95 - packardii 88 - papuana 100 - papuanus 100 - perdicolor 226 - peronii 88 - pusillus 226 - roseus 154, 158 - variegata 104 - variegatus 75, 101, 103, 104 - variegatus australis 75, 80 - variegatus ogasawarasimae 156 - variegatus punctatus 101 - variegatus variegatus 103, 104 Perppus 72 peruvianum, Hoplopodion (Microdactylus) 123 peruvianus, Hemidactylus 113, 123, 124, 125 Phacodactylus 214 - auriculatus 216 phillipsi, Amalosia 198 Phoepus 113

Phyllodactylus 8 - affinis 10, 11 - annulatus 133 - anomalus 132 - barbouri 45, 46 - bilineatus 19 - castelnaui 193, 201 - dumerilii 62 - guentheri 8, 9 - lesueuri 198 - lesueurii 66, 192, 198, 203 - macrodactylus 12 - marmorata 199 - marmoratus 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 199 - marmoratus alexanderi 12 - marmoratus marmoratus 12 - ocellatus 18 - ornatus 53 - peronii 9, 10, 11, 12 - porphyreus 9, 10, 11 - spinigerus 57 - strophurus 31, 62 - vittatus 66 Phyllura 208 - discosura 211 - grandoculis 211 phylluros, Stellio 211 Phyllurus 208, 209 - australis 212 - blavieri 187, 188 - caudiannulatus 209 - cornutum 210 - cornutus 210, 211 -cuvieri 211, 212 -cuvierii 211, 212 - inermis 212 - lichenosus 210 - marmoratus 26 - m i l i 188 - m i l i i 187, 188 - miliusii 187 - millius 187 - myliusii 187 - novaehollandiae 211 - platura 212 - platurus 14, 210, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 213 - salebrosus 214 - sphyrurus 189 - spinosus 208, 211 - swaini 210, 211 - vankampeni 168 - walshi 189 - whitii 211, 212 phyllurus, Gymnodactylus 212 - , Gymnodactylus (Phyllurus) 212 - , Stellio 14, 211, 212

302 Phyria 71 - punctulata 71, 75, 77 Phyriadoria 72 - australis 76 - borroloola 78 - dubia 81 - occidentalis 94 - pamela 99 - xenopus 107 pilbara, Dactyloperus 100, 101 - , Gehyra 100, 101 pilbarensis, Nephrurus 186 - , Nephrurus laevis 186 Nephrurus levis 186 planiceps, Heteronotia 134 platura, Cyrtodactylus 212 Lacerta 208, 211, 212 - , Phyllurus 212 platuros, Stellio 211 platurus, Gecko 208 - , Geckoides 211 - , Gehyra 92 - , Gymnodactylus 210 - , Gymnodactylus (Phyllurus) 212 - , Hemidactylus 88 - , Phyllurus 14, 210, 211, 212, 213 - , Stellio 211 platycaudus, Gecko 14, 212 Platydactylus 107 - auriculatus 215 - australis 75 - bivittatus 110 - burmeisteri 108 - chahoua 219, 222 - crepuscularis 126, 130, 154, 158 - deissneri 108 - duvaucelii 136, 139, 146, 222 - guttatus 109 - leachianus 220 - l u g u b r i s 148, 153, 154 - monarchus 108 - monorchis 108 - monorchus 108 - pacificus 3, 146 - vieillardi 69 - vittatus 110 platyura, Agama 211 - , Gehyra 16 Platyurus 13 - marginatus 14 - platyurus 16 - schneiderianus 14, 15 platyurus, Cosymbotes 16 - , Cosymbotus 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 - , Crossurus 15 - , Diplodactylus 39, 40

- , Gekko 14 - , Gymnodactylus 212 - , Hemidactylus 14, 15, 16 - , Hemidactylus (Stellio) 14 - , Hoplopodion (Cosymbotus) 14 - , Lomatodactylus (Hemidactylus) 14 - , Manwellisaurus 41 - , Nephrurus 183, 184, 185 - , Nycteridium 15 - , Platyurus 16 - , Stellio 14, 15 Pnoepus 113 - bojeri 120 - caracal 120 - fragilis 120 - frenatus 120 - inornatus 120 - papuensis 120 - pumilus 120 - punctatus 120 - vittatus 120 Pnoepus 113 poecilochlorus, Heteropholis 176 - , Naultinus 176 - , Naultinus elegans 176 polyopthalmus, Diplodactylus 54, 61 pomareae, Dactyloperus 154 pomarii, Hoplodactylus 146 porphyreus, Phyllodactylus 9, 10, 11 pristiurus, Hemidactylus 88 Pseudogecko shebae 162 Pseudogekko shebae 162, 163 Pseudothecadactylus 214, 215 - australis 216, 217 - cavaticus 217 - lindbergi 221 - lindneri 218, 221 - lindneri cavaticus 218 - lindneri lindneri 221 Pseudothecadaxtylus 214 - australis 217 Pteroplura Leachianus 220 Ptyodactylus gracilis 126 Puellula 21 - rubida 21 pulchellus, Cyrtodactylus 21 pulcher, Diplodactylus 19, 54, 55 - dorsalis, Diplodactylus 55 - dorsotaeniata, Diplodactylus 54 - , Lepidodactylus 161, 162 - pulcher, Diplodactylus 55 - , Stenodactylopsis 31, 54 pulcherrimus, Naultinus 177 pumilis, Lepidodactylus 162 pumilus, Gecko 162 - , Gekko 161

303 - , Hemidactylus 116, 118, 119 - , Lepidodactylus 162 - , Pnoepus 120 punctata, Dactyloperus 101 - , Geckoella 21 Gehyra 81, 82, 83, 86, 94, 99, 101, 102 - , Gehyra variegata 101 punctatus, Dactyloperus 101, 102 - , Gymnodactylus 173 - , Hemidactylus 115 - , Hoplodactylus 173 Naultinus 173, 174, 175 - , Naultinus elegans 173, 174 - , Peropus variegatus 101 Pnoepus 120 punctulata, Phyria 71, 75, 77 punilis, Hemidactylus 118, 119 purpurascens, Dactyloperus 102 Gehyra 102 purpurescens, Gehyra 102 pusillus, Hemidactylus 226 - , Lepidodactylus 226 - , Peropus 226 quadrilineatus, Gymnodactylus marmoratus 27 Quantasia 21 - tuberculata 26 rakiurae, Hoplodactylus 147 rankini, Diplodactylus 56 - , Strophurus 56 reticulata, Amalosia 203 - , Oedura 201, 202, 203 rex, Diplodactylus 47 Diplodactylus granariensis 47 Rhacodactylus 214, 215 - aubrianus 220 - aubryanus 220 - auriculatus 215, 216 - australis 216, 217 - cavaticus 218 - chahoua 219, 222 - ciliatus 219 - leachianus 220 - leachianus aubryanus 220 - leachianus leachianus 220 - lindneri 221 - sarasinorum 221, 222 - trachyrhynchus 139, 222 rhombifer, Amalosia 204 - , Oedura 197, 199, 203, 204 - , Oedura lesueurii 203 rhombifera, Oedura 202, 203, 204 - , Oedura lesueurii 203 Rhynchoedura 223 - ormsbyi 224

- ornata 223, 224 richardsonii, Hemidactylus 113 - , Velernesia 113 Ridegekko 8 - guentheri 9 robusta, Amalosia 204, 205 - , Gehyra 102, 103 - , Oedura, 204, 205 robustus, Dactyloperus 102 roseus, Lepidodactylus 156 - , Peropus 154, 158 rostralis, Crenadactylus 20 - , Crenadactylus ocellatus 20 rubida, Puellula 21 rudis, Heteropholis 170, 177 - , Naultinus 176, 177 - , Naultinus elegans 177

sadleiri, Cyrtodactylus VII, 29, 30 - , Gonydactylus 30 salebrosus, Phyllurus 214 sarasinorum, Rhacodactylus 221, 222 sauvagei, Bavaya 5 - , Bavayia 5 - ornata, Bavayia 4 sauvagi, Bavayia 5 sauvagii, Bavaya 5 - , Bavayia 3, 4, 5 - , Lepidodactylus 4, 5 - ornata, Bavayia 4 - sauvagii, Bavayia 5 savagei, Diplodactylus 57 - , Manwellisaurus 57 scabriceps, Teratolepis 113 Scelotretus 107 schneideri, Nycteridium 14, 15, 16 schneideriana, Lacerta 14 schneiderianus, Platyurus 14, 15 schniederi, Nycteridium 15 scutellatus, Hemidactylus ateles 207 - , Perochirus 207 septuiclavis, Bavayia 5 sermowaiensis, Cyrtodactylus 30 Gonydactylus 30 - , Gymnodactylus 29, 30 - , Gymnodactylus (Cyrtodactylus) 30 serpeninsula, Gymnodactylus 163 shebae, Lepidodactylus 162, 163 - , Pseudogecko 162 - , Pseudogekko 162, 163 silvestris, Naultinus 141 simpsoni, Naultinus 175 Spasmocnemis 72 Spathodactylus 126 - mutilatus 126, 128

304 Spathoscalabotes 126 - mutilatus 126, 128 spelea, Heteronota 134 - , Heteronotia 134 sphyrurus, Gymnodactylus 189, 210 Nephrurus 189 Phyllurus 189 - , Underwoodisaurus 189 spinigera, Strophura 57 spinigerus aberrans, Diplodactylus 38 - ciliaris, Diplodactylus 37, 38 - , Diplodactylus strophurus 58 - , Diplodactylus 31, 36, 37, 47, 48, 57, 58, 62, 226 - inornatus, Diplodactylus 59 - inornatus, Strophurus 59 - , Phyllodactylus 57 - spinigerus, Diplodactylus 58, 59 Strophurus 58 spinosus, Phyllurus 208, 211 spyrurus, Gymnodactylus 210 squarrosus, Diplodactylus 59, 60 - , Turnerdactylus 59 steindachneri, Diplodactylus 31, 60 - , Ozziedactylus 60 stejnegeri, Hemidactylus 125 stellatus, Heteropholis 177, 178 - , Naultinus 178 - , Naultinus elegans 177, 178 - , Nephrurus 190 Stellio argyropus 95, 99 - bifurcifer 110 - phylluros 211 -phyllurus 14, 211, 212 - platuros 211 - platurus 211 - platyurus 14, 15 Stenodactylopsis 31 - pulcher 31 - tessellatus 64 Stenodactylus 21 stenodactylus, Diplodactylus 31, 47, 54, 61 - stenodactylus, Diplodactylus 61 - , Turnerdactylus 61 stenurus, Diplodactylus 60 stephensi, Hoplodactylus 147, 148 Strophura 31 - spinigera 57 Strophurus 31 - aberrans 39 - assimilis 35 - ciliaris 37, 38 - ciliaris, aberrans 38, 39 - elderi 43 - inornatus 59 - intermedius 48

- j e a n a e 48 - mcmillani 50 - michaelseni 51, 52 - rankini 56 - spinigerus 58 - spinigerus inornatus 59 - strophurus 62 - taeniata 63 - taeniatus 63 - taenicauda 64 - taenicaudus 64 - wellingtonae 67 - williamsi 68 - wilsoni 69 strophurus aberrans, Diplodactylus 38, 39 - cilliaris, Diplodactylus 38 - , Diplodactylus 47, 62, 63 - intermedius, Diplodactylus 48 - , Phyllodactylus 31, 62 - spinigerus, Diplodactylus 58 - , Strophurus 62 - strophurus, Diplodactylus 62, 63 sublevis, Boltalia 113 sulphureus, Naultinus 172 - , Naultinus elegans 172 swaini, Phyllurus 210, 211 sylvestris, Naultinus 141 symmetricus, Eurydactylodes 70 - , Eurydactylus 70 Tachybates 113 taeniata, Diplodactylus 48, 63 - , Oedurella 31, 48, 63 - , Strophurus 63 taeniate, Diplodactylus 63 taeniatus, Diplodactylus 48, 49, 63 - , Strophurus 63 taenicauda, Diplodactylus 64 - , Strophurus 64 taenicaudus, Diplodactylus 64 - , Strophurus 64 taeniocauda, Diplodactylus 64 Teratolepis 114 - scabriceps 113 tesselatus, Diplodactylus 65 tessellatus, Diplodactylus 64, 65 Stenodactylopsis 64 Thecadactylus australis 214, 216 Torresia 214 - australis 216 torresiana, Gehyra 78 - , Peripia 77, 78 trachycephalus, Chamaeleonurus 222 - , Chamelenurus 214, 222 trachylaemus, Gecko 110, 112 trachyloemus, Gecko 112

305 trachyrhynchus, Rhacodactylus 139, 222 triedrus, Cyrtodactylus 21 tristis, Hemidactylus 116 tryoni, Oedura 193, 194, 201, 202, 205, 206 tuberculata, Quantasia 26 tuberculatus, Cyrtodactylus 26 - , Gecko 109 - , Gekko 109 - , Heteropholis 178 - , Hoplodactylus 21, 25 - , Naultinus 178 - , Naultinus elegans 178 tuberculosus, Gecko 109 turcicus, Hemidactylus 113 Turnerdactylus 31 - alboguttatus 34 - damaeus 42 - fulleri 43 - jonathoni 47 - maini 50 - occultus 52 - squarrosus 59 - stenodactylus 61 - wombeyi 69 - woodwardi 61 typus aurantiacus, Hemiphyllodactylus 128,130 - chapaensis, Hemiphyllodactylus 130 - pallidus, Hemiphyllodactylus 130 - typus, Hemiphyllodactylus 129, 130 - , Hemiphyllodactylus 126, 128, 129, 130, 154, 158 Underwoodisaurus 178 - asper 188 - husbandi 188 - milii 188 - sphyrurus 189 undulatus, Nactus pelagicus 166 unistriata, Lacerta 110 validiclavis, Bavayia 5 vandermeer-mohri, Hemidactylus 118, 119 vandermeermohri, Hemidactylus 119, 120 vankampeni, Cyrtodactylus 168 - , Gymnodactylus 168 - , Gymnodactylus (Underwoodisaurus) 168 - , Nactus 168, 170 - , Phyllurus 168 variegata agasawarisimae, Gehyra 157 - australis, Gehyra 75, 80 - , Dactyloperus 104 - , Gehydra 104 - , Gehyra 71, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 101, 103, 104, 105, 226 - ogasawarasimae, Gehyra 156, 157 - , Peripia 103

- , Peropus 104 - punctata, Gehyra 101 - variegata, Gehyra 103 variegatus australis, Peropus 80 - , Dactyloperus 104, 105 - , Gehyra 80 - , Hemidactylus 72, 103, 105 - ogasawarasimae, Peropus 156 Peropus 75, 101, 103, 104 - , Peropus (Dactyloperus) 103 - punctatus, Peropus 101 - variegatus, Peropus 103, 104 Velernesia 113 - richardsonii 113 verrillii, Oedura 199, 200, 201 versicolor, Naultinus 141 vertebralis, Nephrurus 182, 190, 191 verticillatus, Gekko 107 vieillardi, Eurydactylodes 70, 71 - , Eurydactylus 70 - , Platydactylus 69 viellardi, Eurydactylus 70 - , Eurydectylus 70 vielliardi, Eurydactylus 70 villatus, Gekko 112 vittata, Lacerta 109, 110 vittatus bivittata, Gecko 111 - bivittatus, Gecko 110, 111 - bivittatus, Gekko 112 - , Diplodactylus 31,44,45,46, 53, 54, 65,66,67, 199 Diplodactylus (Diplodactylus) 66 - furcosus, Diplodactylus 66 - , Gecko 110, 111, 112 - , Gekko 107, 109, 110, 111, 112 - , Gymnodactylus 187 - , Hemidactylus 115, 116 Lomatodactylus 110 - , Phyllodactylus 66 - , Platydactylus 110 Platydactylus (Scelotretus) 110 - , Pnoepus 120 vorax, Gehyra 85, 86, 97, 105, 106 vulpecula, Doryura 123

wadei, Heteronotia 134 walshi, Heteronota 189 - , Heteronotia 189 - , Phyllurus 189 wellingtonae, Diplodactylus 67 - , Strophurus 67 wheeleri cinctus, Nephrurus 192 - , Nephrurus 191, 192 - wheeleri, Nephrurus 191, 192 whitii, Phyllurus 211, 212

306 williamsi, Diplodactylus 67, 68 - , Strophurus 68 wilsoni, Diplodactylus 69 Strophurus 69 wombeyi, Diplodactylus 69 - , Turnerdactylus 69 woodfordi, Lepidodactylus 163 woodwardi, Diplodactylus 61 Turnerdactylus 61 Woodwarthia 136

Woodworthia 136 - digitata 136, 144 wiillerstorfii, Dactylocnemis 146 xenopus, Dactyloperus 106 - , Gehyra 106, 107 - , Phyriadoria 107 zosterophorus, Hemidactylus 225

As of Part 102 Das Tierreich is published in hard cover. Since 1958 the following have appeared Contribution

Author

Title

Year

No. of pages

H. Wermuth

REPTILIA: Helodermatidae

1958

16 pages, 9 figures

73

M. Beier

ORTHOPTERA: Tettigoniidae (Pseudophyllinae I)

1962

XII, 468 pages, 245 figures

74

M. Beier

ORTHOPTERA: Tettignoniidae (Pseudophyllinae II)

1960

396 pages, 241 figures

75

K. Odening

TREMATODA (Digenea): Plagiorchiidae III (Haematoloechinae) und Omphalometridae

1960

IV, 77 pages 60 figures

76

K. Sanft

AVES (Upupae): Bucerotidae

1960

IV, 176 pages 106 figures

77

R. Kilias

GASTROPODA

1962

63 pages, 47 figures

78

St. W. Gorham

Tonnidae GYMNOPHIONA, Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1962

X, 25 pages

79

R. Mertens

HELODERMATIDAE, VARANIDAE, LANTHANOTIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1963

X, 26 pages

80

Η. Wermuth

GEKKONIDAE, PYGOPODIAE, XANTUSIIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1965

XXII, 246 pages

81

J. A. Peters

COLUBRIDAE (Dipsadinae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1965

VIII, 18 pages

82

J. lilies

PLECOPTERA, Katalog

1966

XXX, 632 pages, 20 figures

83

R. Mertens

CHAMAELEONIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1966

X, 37 pages

84

C. Gans

1966

29 pages

85

St. W. Gorham

UROPELTIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien ASCAPHIDAE, LEIOPELMATIDAE, PIPIDAE, DISCOGLOSSIDAE, PELOBATIDAE, LEPTODACTYLIDAE, RHINOPHRYNIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1966

XVI, 222 pages

86

H. Wermuth

AGAMIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1967

XIV, 127 pages

87

H. Wermuth

CORDYLIDAE (Cordylinae + Gerrhosaurinae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1968

X, 30 pages

88

F. Haas

BIVALVIA: Unionacea

1969

X, 663 pages, 5 figures

72

PROSOBRANCHIA:

Contribution

Author

Title

Year

No. of pages

89

A. F. Stimson

BOIDAE, (Boinae + Bolyeriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1969

XI, 49 pages

90

H. Wermuth

ANGUIDAE, ANNIELLIDAE, XENOSAURIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1969

XII, 41 pages

91

M. Fischer

1972

XII, 620 pages, 463 figures

92

R. Kilias

HYMENOPTERA: Braconidae (Opiinae I) GASTROPODA PROSOBRANCHIA: . Cymatiidae

93

P. Banarescu & Τ. T. Nalbant

PISCES, TELEOSTEI: Cyprinidae (Gobioninae)

1973

VII, 304 pages, 154 figures, 19 maps

94

P. Zwick

PLECOPTERA, Phylogenetisches System und Katalog

1973

XXXII, 465 pages, 75 figures

95

E. Duellmann

HYLIDAE, CENTROLENIDAE, PSEUDIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1976

XIX, 225 pages

96

M. Fischer

HYMENOPTERA: Braconidae (Optiinae Ii/Amerika)

1976

1038 pages, 890 figures

97

S. G. Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae I

1976

IX, 180 pages, 39 figures

98

S.G. Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae II

1976

VIII, 165 pages, 52 figures

99

S.G.Kiriakoff

LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIFORMES: Agaristidae III

1976

VI, 86 pages 26 figures

100

H. Wermuth & t R. Mertens

TESTUDINES, CROCODYLIA, RHYNCHOCEPHALIA. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1976

XXVII, 174 pages

101

D.E.Hahn

ANOMALEPIDIDAE, LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE, TYPHLOPIDAE. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien

1980

XII, 93 pages

102

H. Steinmann

DERMAPTERA Catadermaptera I

1986

XIV, 343 pages

103

A.Kaltenbach

SAGINAE Saltatoria- Tettigoniidae

1986

VIII, 92 pages

104

M. Fischer

HYMENOPTERA Optiinae III

1987

XV, 734 pages

105

H. Steinmann

DERMAPTERA Catadermaptera II

1989

XIX, 504 pages

1973 VIII, 235 pages, 149 figures

Contribution

Author

106

H. Steinmann

107

R.L.Hoffman

108

H. Steinmann

109

A.M.Bauer

Title

DERMAPTERA Eudermaptera I MYRIAPODA 4 Polydesmida: Oxydesmidae

Year

No. of pages

1989

XX, 558 pages

1990

XVI, 512 pages

DERMAPTERA Eudermaptera II

1993

XXII, 711 pages

GEKKONIDAE (Reptilia Sauria)

1994

XIV, 306 pages