Das Amosbuch als epische Erzählung im dramatischen Modus: Ein Beitrag zu den synchronen Lesarten der Prophetenbücher 9783161621598, 316162159X
Seit den 1970er Jahren ist die Forschung verstärkt an der Endgestalt der Prophetenbücher interessiert. Dabei hat die met
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German Pages 893 [457] Year 2023
Cover
Titel
Vorwort
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Hinweise zu Abkürzungen und Literaturnachweisen
Verzeichnis der Abbildungen und Tabellen
Einführung
Erster Teil: Forschungsüberblick und Methodik
Kapitel I: Dramen- und erzähltheoretische Zugänge zu den Prophetenbüchern und deren Anwendung auf das Amosbuch
1. Grundlegende Arbeiten für einen dramentheoretischen Zugang
1.1 Richard Green Moulton – Die Prophetenbücher als Rhapsodie
1.2 Paul House, Klaus Baltzer und John Drayton Williams Watts
1.2.1 Paul House – Zephanja als „Prophetic Drama“
1.2.2 Klaus Baltzer – Deutero-Jesaja als „liturgisches Drama“
1.2.3 John Drayton Williams Watts – Das Jesajabuch als dramatische Vision
2. Der dramentheoretische Zugang von Helmut Utzschneider und dessen Präzisierungen
2.1 Lexis, Opsis und Plot als Kennzeichen dramatischer Texte
2.2 Präzisierung I: Dramatischer Text
2.3 Präzisierung II: Historische Hintergründe
2.4 Präzisierung III: Performanz-Potenzial und Performanz
3. Aufnahmen des dramentheoretischen Zugangs von Helmut Utzschneider
3.1 Ulrich Berges – Jesaja 40–55 als dramatischer Text
3.2 Markus Witte – Habakuk als „Lesedrama“
3.3 Rainer Kessler – Maleachi als „dramatisches Gedicht“
4. Erzähltheoretische Zugänge bei Ruth Poser und Annett Giercke-Ungermann
4.1 Das Ezechielbuch als fiktionale Erzählung
4.2 Erzähler im Zwölfprophetenbuch
5. Dramen-, performativitäts- und erzähltheoretische Zugänge zum Amosbuch
5.1 Joyce Rilett Wood – Ein dramatischer Gedichtzyklus im Amosbuch
5.2 William Doan und Terry Giles – Das Amosbuch als performativer Text
5.3 James Richard Linville – Das Amosbuch als kosmische Komödie
6. Zusammenfassung
Kapitel II: Methodisches zum Amosbuch als Erzählung
1. Drama und dramatisch in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Diskussion
2. Epische Erzählung, Fiktionalität und Performativität
2.1 Das Amosbuch als epische Erzählung
2.2 Das Amosbuch als Fictionalized History
2.3 Performanz/Performativität als textgestaltendes Kriterium
3. Das Amosbuch als epische Erzählung im dramatischen Modus
3.1 Der dramatische Modus
3.2 Anfragen an die Begriffe Lexis, Opsis und Mythos
3.3 Zur dominierenden Figurenrede im dramatischen Modus
4. Erzähltheoretische Grundlagen zur Ebene des Dargestellten/Ebene des Erzählten
4.1 Zur Heterogenität erzähltheoretischer Begrifflichkeit
4.2 Zur Ebene des Erzählten bei Martínez/Scheffel
4.3 Zur Textgliederung
Zweiter Teil: Analysen zum Amosbuch als epische Erzählung im dramatischen Modus
Kapitel III: Zur Makrogliederung des Amosbuches
1. Diachron orientierte Gliederungsvorschläge
2. Am 1–2; 3–6; 7,1–9,6 und 9,7–15 als Ausgangspunkt
Kapitel IV: Erzähltheoretische Analysen zu Am 1–2
1. Forschungsskizze zu Am 1–2
1.1 Am 1–2 in der diachron orientierten Forschung
1.2 Am 1–2 in der synchron orientierten Forschung
2. Übersetzung von Am 1–2 und Textanmerkungen
3. Am 1,1 – mehr als eine Überschrift
4. Zur Kombination aus דּבֿﬧˋ + Eigenname
4.1 Zu Neh 1,1–2
4.2 Zu Pred 1,1
4.3 Zu Spr 30,1 und 31,1
4.4 Zu Jer 1,1
4.5 Zusammenfassung
5. Am 1,1–2 als Teil von Am 1,3–2,16
6. Zum Aufbau von Am 1,3–2,16
6.1 Zu den Paarbildungen
6.2 Zu den Verklammerungen
6.3 Zum Aufbau des Spruches gegen Israel
6.4 Zusammenfassung
7. Zur metadiegetischen Erzählung in Am 1,3–2,16
8. Zur intradiegetischen Erzählung in Am 1,2–2,16
9. Am 1–2 als expositorischer Prolog des Buches
Exkurs: Metalepse
Kapitel V: Erzähltheoretische Analysen zu Am 3–6
1. Zum Aufbau von Am 3–6 als Episode mit zwei Teilepisoden
2. Teilepisode I: Am 3–4
2.1 Szene I: Am 3,1–15
2.1.1 Übersetzung von 3,1–15 und Textanmerkungen
2.1.2 Zum Aufbau von 3,1–15 als einer Szene mit einem Auftritt
2.1.3 Autonome direkte Rede in 3,1–2
2.1.4 Analysen zu 3,1–8
2.1.5 Analysen zu 3,9–15
2.1.6 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 3,1–15
2.2 Szene II: Am 4,1–13
2.2.1 Übersetzung von 4,1–13 und Textanmerkungen
2.2.2 Zum Aufbau von 4,1–13 als einer Szene mit zwei Auftritten
2.2.3 Zum Aufbau des Auftritts in 4,1–3
2.2.4 Am 4,1 in Bezug auf Setting und Raum von Am 3–6
2.2.5 Zur Anrede als „Baschankühe“ und deren Relationen
2.2.6 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 4,1–3
2.2.7 Zum Aufbau des Auftritts in 4,4–12
2.2.8 JHWH als Priester und ein verbrecherischer Kult in 4,4–5
2.2.9 „[A]n amazing story“ (James Luther Mays) in 4,6–11
2.2.10 Analysen zu 4,12
Exkurs: Zur Analyse der Hymnen
2.2.11 Zur Ebene der Darstellung in 4,13
2.2.12 Zum Erzählten in 4,13 im Zusammenhang von 4,4–13
3. Teilepisode II: Am 5–6
3.1 Szene I: Am 5,1–17
3.1.1 Übersetzung vom 5,1–17 und Textanmerkungen
3.1.2 Zum Aufbau von 5,1–17 als einer Szene mit drei Auftritten
3.1.3 Qina im dramatischen Modus in 5,1–17
3.1.4 Raum und Setting in 5,1–17
3.1.5 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 5,1–17
3.2 Szene II: Am 5,18–27
3.2.1 Übersetzung von 5,18–27 und Textanmerkungen
3.2.2 Zum Aufbau von 5,18–27 als eine Szene mit zwei Auftritten
3.2.3 Analysen zu 5,18–20
3.2.4 „[E]ine kurze Erzählung“ (Hans Walter Wolff) in 5,19
3.2.5 Analysen zu 5,21–27
3.2.6 Zum Verständnis von 5,26
3.2.7 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 5,21–27
3.3 Szene III: Am 6,1–14
3.3.1 Übersetzung von 6,1–14 und Textanmerkungen
3.3.2 Zum Aufbau von 6,1–14 als eine Szene mit zwei Auftritten
3.3.3 Analysen zu 6,1–7
3.3.4 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 6,1–7
3.3.5 „[A] narrative as cryptic as this“ (Paul Robert Noble) in 6,8–14
4. Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in Am 3–6
Kapitel VI: Erzähltheoretische Analysen zu Am 7,1–9,6
1. Zum Aufbau von Am 7,1–9,6 als eine Episode mit zwei Szenen
2. Szene I: Am 7,1–8,3
2.1 Übersetzung von 7,1–8,3 und Textanmerkungen
2.2 Zum Aufbau und den Erzählebenen von 7,1–8,3
2.3 Zum Aufbau von 7,10–17
2.4 Nachrichtenübermittlung im dramatischen Modus in 7,10–11
2.5 Zum Erzählten in 7,10–17
2.6 Zu den Übergängen 7,9/7,10 und 7,17/8,1
2.7 Figurenperspektive und dramatische Ironie in 7,1–8,3
2.8 Setting, Raum, Zeit und der Anfang vom Ende in 7,1–8,3
3. Szene II: Am 8,4–9,6
3.1 Übersetzung von 8,4–9,6 und Textanmerkungen
3.2 Zum Aufbau und den Erzählebenen von Am 8,4–14
3.3 כּלּהּkullah – Das ganze Land auf einmal in 8,4–14
3.4 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 8,4–14
3.5 Zum Aufbau und den Erzählebenen in Am 9,1–6
3.6 Inszenierung zwischen den Erzählebenen in 9,1–6
3.7 Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in 9,1–6
4. Abschließende Analysen zum Erzählten in Am 7,1–9,6
Kapitel VII: Erzähltheoretische Analysen zu Am 9,7–15
1. Übersetzung von Am 9,7–15 und Textanmerkungen
2. Zum Aufbau von Am 9,7–15
3. Closure in Am 9,7–15
3.1 Wendung an die extradiegetisch Lesenden
3.2 Poetisch-stilistische Änderungen
3.3 Verdichtung von Anachronien
3.4 Bündelung von Ereigniszusammenhängen der Handlung
4. Am 9,7–15 als Epilog des Amosbuches
Dritter Teil: Einordnung der erzähltheoretischen Analysen
Kapitel VIII: Beitrag für synchrone Lesarten der Prophetenbücher
Kapitel IX: Ein diachroner Ausblick
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Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe Herausgegeben von Corinna Körting (Hamburg) ∙ Konrad Schmid (Zürich) Mark S. Smith (Princeton) ∙ Andrew Teeter (Harvard)
141
Alessandro G. K. Casagrande
Das Amosbuch als epische Erzählung im dramatischen Modus Ein Beitrag zu den synchronen Lesarten der Prophetenbücher
Mohr Siebeck
Alessandro G. K. Casagrande, geboren 1988; 2010–2016 Studium der Theologie; 2016– 2021 Doktorand und Lehrbeauftragter für Biblisches Hebräisch an der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Sankt Georgen (Frankfurt a. M.); 2021 Promotion ebendort; Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Hebräische Bibel/Altes Testament der Universität Greifswald. orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-2128
ISBN 978-3-16-162159-8 / eISBN 978-3-16-162356-1 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-162356-1 ISSN 1611-4914 / eISSN 2568-8367 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Natio nalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind über https://dnb.de abrufbar. © 2023 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohrsiebeck.com Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für die Verbreitung, Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Das Buch wurde von Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen auf alterungsbeständiges Werkdruckpapier gedruckt und von der Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren gebunden. Printed in Germany.
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ࡱ ࡣࢺ ࣗ ࣜࡥࢿ ࡳࣞ ࣛࢪࢁ ࣖ ࣉ ࣞࢉࡱ ࡾ ࣄ ࣞ ࣚࢉࡶࣖ ࡥࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣤ ࣝ EĮ ॱࡱ ࡩࣤ ࣚ ࢁ ࣝ ࡾ࣊ ࣚ ࢇ ࣖ ࡾࢼ ࣖ ࣞࡨ࣠ ࣊ ࣖࡧ Eȕ
൫൫൭
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൫൫൮
.DSLWHO,9 (U]lKOWKHRUHWLVFKH$QDO\VHQ]X$P৲±৳ ࡾ࣠ ࡼࢶ ࢁࡳ ࣝ ࡩࣈ ࢇࢪ ࣖ ࢼ ࣛ ࢯࣚ ࡩࣖ ࢜࣊ ࣝ ࢪࣚ ࣖࡧ D ࡺॱࡥ ࣞ ࢁ࣠ࣤ ࣜ ࡵࡳࣖ ࡾࣖ ࡥ ࣝ ࢼ ࣞ ࣖ ࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡥ ࡧࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾࡳࣈ ࣝ ࡥ ࣞ ࢚ࣀ࣠ ࡱࡣࢺ ࣈ ࣗ ࡸࣛ ࢪࣖ ࢥ ࣚ ࡥࢿ ࢪ࢝ ࣞ ࢪࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ ࢢ ࡡ ࢶ ࣜ ࢪࣚ ࣘ ࣠ ࡥ ࣈ ࡸࢼ ࣞ ࢇࣞ ࡾࣖ ࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ
E DĮ Dȕ DȖ
ࡧࢿ ࡩࣚ ࡡ ࣞ ࡾࣜ ࡩࣉ ࣜ ࡡ ࣝ ࡺࢿ ࡣࣖ ࡾࣥ ࣞ ࡸࣝ EĮ ࣝ ࡩࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣚ ࣖࡧ ࡧࡳࢺࣞ ࡩࣘ ࡾࢁ ࢥࢺ ࣝ ࡣࢿ ࡸࣝ ࣞࡹ࣠ ࡾࣉ ࡪࣖ ࣚ ࣝࡧ ॱࡩ ࣝࡼࣤࡵࡥ ࣜ ࡾࣞ ࡳ࣊ ࣞ ࢪ ࣖ ࢁࢼ ࡾࣞ ࡡࣖ ࡸࣜ ࣖࡧ ࡴࡳ ࢶ ࣞ ࢁࣛ ࢇࢪ ࣖ ࢼ ࣛ ࢯࣚ ࡩࣖ ࢜࣊ ࣝ ࢪࣚ ࣖࡧ ࡺॱࡥࡾࣤ ࣞ ࣖࡼࢇࢁ ࣞ ࣊ࡵࡳࣖ ࡾࣖ ࡥ ࣝ ࢼ ࣞ ࣖ ࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡥ ࡧࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾࡳࣈ ࣝ ࡥ ࣞ ࢚ࣀ࣠ ࡴࢡࢺ ࡸࣥࣤ ࣝ ࡵࣛ ࡡࣈ ࣖ ࡸࣛ ࢪࣖ ࢥ ࣚ ࡥࢿ ࢪ࢝ ࣞ ࢪࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ
Eȕ EȖ D E DĮ Dȕ
ࢢ ࡡ ࢶ ࣜ ࢪࣚ ࣘ ࣠ ࡥ ࣈ ࡸࢼ ࣞ ࢇࣞ ࡾࣖ ࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ DȖ ࡣ ࡸࣞ ࢺ ࣖ ࣚࢉࡥࢁ ࣝ ࡾࣈ ࡥ ࣞ ࡱࢿ ࡸࣞ ࡽࣖ ࢇࣥ ࣚ ࡸࣝ EĮ ॱࡱࡡ ࣤ ࣞ ࣖࢉࣥࢁࡡ ࣜ ࡩ࣊ ࣚ ࡾࣖ ࡥࡴ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࡳࢼ ࣝ ࣖ Eȕ ࡥࢇࢺࣞ ࡾࢁ ࣝ ࡳࡩ ࣈ ࣝ ࢇ ࣖ ࢪࢿ ࣛ ࢯࣚ ࢧࣉ ࣝ ࡥࣚ ࣖࡧ DĮ ࣞࡥ ࢁࡵ ࢶ ࣜ ࡳࣖ ࡾࣖ ࡥ ࣝ ࢼ ࣞ ࣖ ࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡥ ࡳࢺࣞ ࡩࣞ ࣖࡳࡱ ࣚ ࣈ ࢇ ࣖ ࡥࢿ ࡸࡾ ࣞ ࢁࣖ ࢇࣚ ॱࡥࡺࡶࡱ ࣤࣞ ࣊ ࢇࡾ ࣖ ࡸࣝ ࡶࢼ ࣝ ࢇࣖ ࡥࢶࢉ ࣞ ࢇࡱ ࣝ ࢚ࢼ ࣞ ࣖࡳ࢘ ࣝ ࣊ ࣝ ࡥࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡧࢋࢼ ࣞ ࡩࣝࣖ ࡧࡾࣁ ࣞ ࢫࣞ ࣖࡧࡥ࣌ ࡺॱࡥࡧࡥ ࣤ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾ ࡳ࣊ ࣝ ࣞ ࡥ ࡧࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾࡳࣈ ࣝ ࡥ ࣞ ࢚ࣀ࣠ ࡡ ࡳࣈ ࢺࣞ ࡸࣛ ࢪࣖ ࢥࣚ ࡥࢿ ࢪ࢝ ࣞ ࢪࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ ࢢ ࡡ ࢶ ࣜ ࢪࣚ ࣘ ࣠ ࡥ ࣈ ࡸࢼ ࣞ ࢇࣞ ࡾࣖ ࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ
Dȕ EĮ Eȕ D E DĮ Dȕ DȖ
ॱࡣ ࢮࣤ ࣚ ࣝࡱ ࡣࢼ ࣥ࢘ ࣗ ࣜࡳࢁ ࣤ ࣜ ࡳ࣊ ࣖࡼࡸ ࣝ ࡺࣁ ࡾࣖ ࢫࣥ ࣞ ࡸࣝ E ࡡ ࡳ ࢺࣞ ࢇࢪ ࣖ ࣥ ࣈ ࣛ ࢯࣚ ࡩࣖ ࣝ࢜ࢪࣚ ࣖࡧ ࢁ ࢶࡾࣚ ࢨࣖ ࡥࢁ ࣝ ࣈࡵࡳࣖ ࡾࣖ ࡥ ࣝ ࢼ ࣞ ࣖ ࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡡ ࡳ ࢺࣞ ࡴ ࢿ ࢪࣞ ࢇࢁ ࣖ ࡳ ࣉࣛ ॱࡾࡺࢪ ࣤࣞ ࡽ࣊ ࢇࡥ ࣖ ࡸࡾ ࢼ ࣞ ࢁࣖ ࢇࣚ ࢍࢇࢶ ࣞ ࡾࣖ ࢨࣚ ࡳࡪ ࣚ ࡺࢪ ࢼࣛ ࢯ࣊ ࣚ ࡾࣝ ࣖࡥࣚ ࣖࡧ
DĮ Dȕ EĮ Eȕ D
ࢡࢼ ࡸࡢ ࣚ ࡾ࣊ ࡥࣗ ࣜ ࡥ ࣞ ࡾࣁ ࣜ ࢫࣥ ࣞ ࣞ ࣖࡧ
E
ࡺॱࡥࡧࡥ ࣤ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾ ࡳ࣊ ࣝ ࣞ
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৳hEHUVHW]XQJYRQ$P৲±৳XQG7H[WDQPHUNXQJHQ ࡥ ࡧࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾࡳࣈ ࣝ ࡥ ࣞ ࢚ࣀ࣠ DĮ ࡥ ࡣࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡸࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣖ ࢥ ࣚ ࡥࢿ ࢪ࢝ ࣞ ࢪࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ Dȕ ࢢ ࡡ ࢶ ࣜ ࢪࣚ ࣘ ࣠ ࡥ ࣈ ࡸࢼ ࣞ ࢇࣞ ࡾࣖ ࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ DȖ ࡥࡧࡥ ࢽ ࣞ ࣖ ࢁ ࡾࢯࣥࢁ ࣈࣝ ࡱ ࣜ ࡶࣄࣞ ࣙ ࡳࣥ ࣞ ࡸࣤ ࣝ EĮ ࡾ ࡳࢺࣞ ࢪ ࣞ ࣠ ࣈ ࡧࢿ ࢨࣞ ࡩ ࣖࡧ EĮ ࡱࡥ ࢺࣜ ࡡࣛ ࣖࡨ࢚ ࣚ ࡱࡷ ࢿ ࢁࣖ ࣝ ࣝࡧ Eȕ ॱࡱ ࡥ ࣤ ࣜ ࡾࣛ ࡩࣘ ࡱ ࣝ ࢁࡡ ࢼ ࣞ ࣘ ࣊ ࣖࡥࣥࡾ ࣞ ࢪࣜ ࣘ EȖ ࡥ ࡣࡥ ࢶ ࣞ ࢇࢪ ࣤ ࣚ ࢼ ࣛ ࢯࣚ ࡩࣖ ࢜࣊ ࣝ ࢪࣚ ࣖࡧ D ࡺॱ࢟ࣤ ࣞ ࢪࡾ ࣞ ࣖ ࢁ ࣊ࡵࡳࣖ ࡾࣖ ࡥ ࣝ ࢼ ࣞ ࣖ ࣞ ࣖࡧ E ࡥ ࡧࡥ ࢺ ࣞ ࣖ ࡾࡳࣈ ࣝ ࡥ ࣞ ࢚ࣀ࣠ DĮ ࢺࣛ ࡾࣞ ࢫࣖ ࣚ ࡸࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣖ ࢥ ࣚ ࡥࢿ ࢪ࢝ ࣞ ࢪࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ Dȕ ࢢ ࡡ ࢶ ࣜ ࢪࣚ ࣘ ࣠ ࡥ ࣈ ࡸࢼ ࣞ ࢇࣞ ࡾࣖ ࣥ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ DȖ ࡽ ࢋࢺ ࣚ ࡼ ࣝ ࡹࢿ ࡶࣜ ࢚ࣜ ࢿ ࢇࡱ ࣝ ࡾࣉ ࣞ ࣖ ࡳࣥ ࣚ ࡸࣝ EĮ ॱࡱࣚ ࣤ ࣞ ࡸࣘ ࣝࡵࡾࡡ࣊ ࡸࣘ ࢇࡴ ࣝ ࢼ ࡡࣖ ࣜ ࣖࡧ Eȕ ࡱ ࢜ࣚ ࢺ ࢋࢪ ࣝ ࣠ ࡾࣈ ࢇ ࣖ ࡻࢿ ࡾࣜ ࣥࡾ ࢿࣜ ࡺࣝ ࡸࣥ ࣘ ࡸࡱ ࣝ ࡺࣉ ࣚ ࣠ࣘ ࢭࡥࣝ DĮ ࣝࢶ ࡱ ࡧࢼ ࣚ ࣞࡵ ࡸ࢘ ࣘ ࡾࣜ ࡣ࣊ ࣜ ࣖࡧ ࡧࡡࢽࣚ ࣞ ࣖࡧࢪࣈ ࣚ ࣖࡧ ࡥ ࡾࢺ ࣞ ࡸࣘ ࣝࢢ ࡥࣥ ࣤ ࣝ ࣜ ࢿ ࣖࣤ ࣛ ॱࢪࣤ ࣚ ࡣࣖ ࡽࡱ ࣞ ࢪࣥࢁ ࣊ ࣛ ࢼ ࣜ ࢜ࣛ ࡩࡴ ࣝ ࡸࣝ ࡳ࣊ ࣝ ࣖ
Dȕ EĮ EĮ Eȕ
ࢺ ࣝ ࡱ ࢿ ࣚࡡ ࡩࡱ ࣘ ࡣࣉ ࣚ ࣞࡢࢇࣥ ࣖ ࡸࣝ ࣖࡧ DĮ Dȕ EĮ Eȕ DĮ ࡥࢺ ࡡࣖ ࣞࢉࡱ ࢿ ࣚࡨࡾࣞ ࢍ ࣘ ࡡࣝ ࡢࣉ࣠ ࢚ࣖࡾ ࢪࢿ ࣜ ࣘ Dȕ
অ ࣝ ࢇࢶ ࣛ ࣖࡨࡳࣥ ࣚ ࢚ࣞ ࣜࡼ ࢼ ࣛ ࢯࢺ ࢪࣖ ࣚ ࡱ ࢿ ࢪࡵ ࣚ ࡸࡴࣉ ࣘ ࣛ ࣖࡧ ॱࡱࡥ ࣤ ࣜ ࡥ࢝ ࣛ ࣗ ࢁࢇࢼ ࣛ ࡱࡥ ࢺࣜ ࣛࡵࢥࣖ ࡳ ࣚ ࢿ ࡾ࣠ࣚ ࡳࣗ ࡥࣥࢁ ࣤ ࣞ ࣜ ࢯࣚ ࡣࣖ ࡳࣉ ࣝ ࢪࣖ ࡥ ࣚ ࣠ࣚࣂ ࡵ ࢿࣞ ࣖࡧ
ࡱࢶࡵ࢜ ࣚ ࣝ ࢚ ࣤ ࣞ ࡥࡴ ࢼ ࣠ࡶ࣊ ࡩࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡸࣝ ࢡࢺࣝ ࡳ ࣚ ࢿ ࡾࣖ ࢥࡣ ࣚ ࡳࣉ ࣚ ࢪࣖ ࣝ ࣞࡧ ॱࢁࡩࣝ ࢯࣤ ࣞ ࡳࡧ ࣚ ࢪࢼ ࣞ ࡾࣞ ࢪࣞ ࣖࡧ ࡱࣚ ࡾࢶ ࣞ ࡼࣖ ࡳࡻ ࣚ ࡾࣜ ࣈ ࣜ ࡳࣛ ࡱࢼ ࣜ ࢁࣖ ࣜ ࢁ ࣚ ࣊ ࣛ ࡸࣗ ࡥ ࣜ ࣠ࣁ ࣚ ࡵࣞ ࣖࡧ
DȖ EĮ Eȕ D
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ࡣࡧࡷࡡ ࡱࢀࡢࡥࢁ ࡱࡳ ࢁࡷࡵࡳ ࡵࡱࡢࡧ ࢁࡩࡾࡷ ࡷࢁࡾࡪࡳࡥࡧࡾࡼࡽࡱࢀࡣࡩ ࡥࢀࢀ ࡾࡪࡳࢁ ࢁࡩ ࡥࡽࡩࡾࡪࡳ ࢁࡩ ࡾࡷ ࡷࡧ ࡧࡷࡵࡧॱࢀࡡࢁ ࡥࡷ ࡾࡪࡳࢁࡾࢀ ࡥࡽࡩࡧ ࡱࡳࢁࡧࢁࢀ ࢁࡩ ࡾࡷ ࡱࡾࡷ ࢀࢀ ࡱࢁࢀ ॱࡥࡧࡥࡱࡵࡣࡷࡱࢁࡡࢀࡧ ࡧࡷࡡࢀࡧ
ࡥࡾࡶࢁࡺࡶࡧࡧࡷࡳࢀࢁࡥࡣࡷࡱࡧ ,, ࢁ ࢁࡾࡡࢀࡧ ॱࡱࢁࡪࡩࡷ ࡷࡡࢀ ࡱࢁ ࢁࡧ ࡨࡾࡡ ࡱࡳࢀࢁ ࢁࢁࡵࡧ ࡱࡨࡷ ࡴࡧࡢ ࡴࢁࢁࡧࡱࡩࡽࡾࡱࢁࡧॱࡥࢀࡩࡵࡱࡼࡾ ॱࡧࡾࡺࡴࢁࡻࡾࡥࡻࡷࡧࡥࡧࡡࢁࡱࡼࡾ
,,, ࢁࡧࡡࡾࡥ ࡴࡧࡽࡾࡡࡧ ࡴࡧࡺࡣࢀࡡ ࡱࢁ ࢁࡥ ࡱࢁࡨࡧ ࡱࡵࢁࡧ ࡱࡳࡾࡧ ࡱࢁࡧࡵࡢ ࡶॱࡥࡧࡥࡱࡵࡣࡷࡱࢁࡡࢀࡧࡱࡨࡢࡥ
ࡷࡳࢀ ࡧࡡࢁ ࡧ ࡾࡽ ࡳࡷ ࡧࢁࡱࡧ ,,, ࡥࡣࢀࡥ ࢁࡩ ࢁ ࡱࡡ ࢁ ࡩࢀ ࡥࡧ ॱЋϗϗϗЌ ॱЋϗϗϗЌࡱࢁࡥࢀࡧ
,9 ࢁࡢࡾࡥ ࡱࡾࡼࡳ ࡾࡣࡡ ࡾࡡࡣ ࡱࡡ ࢁࡩࢀ ࢀࡡࡥࡷࡧࡱࡶࡧࡶࡡࢀࡱࡷࡱࡾࡧࡩࡡࡡࡾࡩࡡ ॱࡥࡧࡥࡱࡵࡣࡷࡱࢁࡡࢀࡧࡱࡺࡡࡧࡱࡵࡩࡳ
ࡾࡽࡡ ࡱࡳࡷ ࡵ ࡹ ࢁࡥࡧ ॱЋϗϗϗЌ ,9 ॱࡱࢁࡪࡩࡷ ࡷࡡࢀ ࡵ ࡱࡢ ࡱࢁࢁࡥࡧ ࢁࡾࡡࡱࡽࡵ ࢁࡳࡽࡵ ࡡࡾࡩ ࡱࡷ ࢁࡡࡥࡧ ࡱࡧࢁࡡ ࡾࡡࡣ ࢁࡩࢀࡧ ࡱ ࡾࡷ ࡱࢁࡺࡶࡵࡧ ࡱࡩ ࡥࡪࡳ ࡱ ࡾࡡࢀࡡॱࡡࡧࡣࡡ ࡱࢁࢁࡵࡧ ࡧࡡࢀࡥࡧ ࡣࡩ ࡾࡧࡵࢁࡡࡱ ࡳࡩ ࡱࢀࡵ ࡾࢀࡷ ࡧࡺࡧ ॱ ࡧࡷࡡࢀࢁࡧ ࡱࢁ ࡧࡽࢀࡳࡡࡱ ࡳࡩ
ࢁࡧࡱࡣࡶࢁࡱࡥࢁࡺࡥࡳࡱࡡࢁࡺࡥ ࡱࢁࡡࢀ ࡧ ࡥࡺࡾࢀࡳࡼࡳ ࡣࡧ ࡧࡥࢁࡧ ࡥࡾࡳࡷ ࡶ ॱࡥࡧࡥࡱࡵࡣࡷ
ࡷࡡࢀ ࡵ ࡹ ࡱࢁࢁࡾࡶࡧ ЋϗϗϗЌ ॱЋϗϗϗЌ 9 ࡾࢀࡡࡧࡱࡵࡡࡾࢀࡡࡱࢁ ࡧ ॱࡱࢁࡪࡩ ࡷ ࡱࢁࡳࡡࢁ ࢁࡣࡳࢀࡥࡧॱࡧ ࢁ ࡱࢁࡵࡡ ࡷ ࡱࡾࡢࡺࢁ ࢁࢁࡵࡧ ࡱࡵࡳࡩࢁ ࢁࡾࡥࡧ ࡱ ࡾࡷ ࢁ ࢁࢁࡵࡧ ॱЋϗϗϗЌࡱࡧࡢ ࡾࡢࡺ ॱЋϗϗϗЌ ࡱࢀࡣࡽࡳ ࢁ ࢁࡧࡳࢀࡥࡧ ࡥࡡࡾࡩ ࡱࢁࡧॱЋϗϗϗЌࡻࡾࡥࢁ ࡵ ࢁࡳࢀࡥࡧ ࡥࢁࡥࡧ ࡡࡾࡩ ࡱࡾࡩ ࢁࡽࡾࡥࡧ ࡱࡧࡢࡡ ࡥࡾࡨ ॱЋϗϗϗЌॱࡥࡡࡾࡩ ࡧࡥ ࡱࡾࡷࡧ ࡥࡳࡳࢀࡱࡼࡾ ࢁࡶࡵࡳ ࡧࡶࡵࡧЋϗϗϗЌࡱࡡ ࡱࡾࢀࡵࡥࡧॱЋϗϗϗЌ ࡧࡩࡡࢀࡧࢀࡧॱࡹࡣࡾ ࡴࡧ ࡧࡺࡵࡧ ࡡࡾࡩ ࡥ ࡧ ࡱࡧࡢࡡ ࡱࢁࡣࡡࡧॱЋϗϗϗЌ ࡡࡾࡩ ࡵࡺࡳ ॱЋϗϗϗЌॱЋϗϗϗЌ ॱࡱࡡࡻࡾࡱࢁ
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D
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E
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DĮ DĮ Dȕ EĮ Eȕ DĮ Dȕ
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E
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