The Book of Women: Ruth, Susanna, Esther, and Judith (The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation) 9781463205898, 1463205899

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THE ANTIOCH BIBLE

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

The Book of Women: Ruth, Susanna, Esther, and Judith

Ṣurath Kthobh

Editors George A. Kiraz Andreas Juckel

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

The Book of Women: Ruth, Susanna, Esther, and Judith

English Translation by

Donald M. Walter Gillian English Translation by

Greenberg Text Prepared by

Donald M. Walter

George A. Kiraz

Text Prepared by

Gillian Greenberg Joseph Bali George Anton Kiraz Eric Tully

9

34 2020

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2020 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

‫ܐ‬

1

2020

ISBN 978-1-4632-0589-8

Printed in the United States of America

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................... v Foreword to the Edition ....................................................................... vii By George A. Kiraz Making of the Text ................................................................................... vii Orthographic Diversions from Mosul ................................................. viii Text Organization ....................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... x

Abbreviations........................................................................................... xi Introduction to the Translation .......................................................... xiii By Donald M. Walter, Gillian Greenberg and Eric Tully The Peshiṭta .............................................................................................. xiii The Book of Women .............................................................................. xiii Ruth ............................................................................................................ xiii Susanna ....................................................................................................... xv Esther .......................................................................................................... xv Judith ......................................................................................................... xvii Addenda .................................................................................................... xviii Addendum 1: Noteworthy Readings .................................................. xviii Ruth .......................................................................................................... xviii Esther ......................................................................................................... xix Judith .......................................................................................................... xix Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions ............................................... xx Esther .......................................................................................................... xx Judith ........................................................................................................... xx

Appendix 1: Versification .................................................................... xxi Appendix 2: Variant Readings ........................................................... xxv Based on Collations by Donald M. Walter Legend...................................................................................................... xxvi Variants in the spelling of select names ............................................ xxvii Ruth ........................................................................................................ xxviii Susanna ................................................................................................... xxxii Esther ........................................................................................................... xl Judith ........................................................................................................... lix

v

vi

Table of Contents

Appendix 3: Names ........................................................................ lxxxvii Haman’s 10 Sons (Esther 9:7–9) ..................................................... lxxxvii Replacements ...................................................................................... lxxxvii Initial Locations ..................................................................................... lxxxvii Additions ............................................................................................. lxxxvii Deletions.............................................................................................. lxxxvii Replacements ...................................................................................... lxxxvii Transpositions (initial and following consonant) ........................ lxxxviii Medial Locations ................................................................................... lxxxviii Additions ............................................................................................ lxxxviii Deletions............................................................................................. lxxxviii Replacements ..................................................................................... lxxxviii Transpositions ................................................................................... lxxxviii Final Locations ....................................................................................... lxxxix Deletions............................................................................................... lxxxix Additions .............................................................................................. lxxxix Replacements ....................................................................................... lxxxix

Bibliography ........................................................................................... xci Lexica and Dictionaries........................................................................... xci Reference Texts ........................................................................................ xci General Interest ........................................................................................ xci

Text and Translation ............................................................................... 1

FOREWORD TO THE EDITION BY GEORGE A. KIRAZ The primary objective of this edition is twofold: to provide a reliable text for scholars and students who are looking for a fully vocalized Syriac text, and to make available to religious communities, for whom this text is sacred, an English translation that can be used in various religious and cultural settings. As such, one had to navigate carefully between rigid scholarly principles and practical editorial choices. Making of the Text The current edition provides a West Syriac version of the 1887–91 Peshiṭta Mosul text. 1 While the Mosul text was prepared based on second millennium manuscripts, its text is substantially attested by manuscripts belonging to the first millennium. As ancient MSS are hardly vocalized, our text relies on the vocalization of the Mosul edition. In addition to full vocalization, our text is supplemented with complete Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing and other orthographic markings, keeping in mind the general orthographic principles adopted by Pusey and Gwilliam in their 1901 Tetraeuangelium. 2 Hence, while the consonantal tier is substantially ancient, the vocalism and orthographic tiers are quite late. As the Mosul edition did not fully mark Rukkākhā and Quššāyā, these points were added and a regular expression 3 was applied to the text to Clemis Joseph David (ed.), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, 3 volumes, with an introduction by Sebastian P. Brock (Piscataway, NJ, 2010), a reprint of the Mosul 1887–91 edition titled ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ‬. 2 P. E. Pusey and G. H. Gwilliam, Tetraeuangelium Sanctum, the Fourfold Holy Gospel in the Peshitta Syriac Version with Critical Apparatus, with an introduction by Andreas Juckel (Piscataway, NJ, 2003), a reprint of the 1901 edition. 3 In computing, a regular expression provides a mechanism with which strings of text can be matched with a search criterion. In most notations, a bracket expression matches a single character inside that bracket (e.g., [ab] matches a single a or b). The exclamation mark denotes negation. Hence, the expression [bgdkpt][!RQ] (where R and Q represent the 1

vii

viii

Foreword to the Edition

ensure that all bgādkpāt letters are marked. When the consonantal orthography, and in many cases the vocalic orthography, of East and West Syriac diverged, use was made of Lee’s 1823 edition 4 as well as linguistic resources including Audo, 5 Brockelmann, 6 Margoliouth, 7 and Smith. 8 As for Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing, analogies were made internally within other Mosul readings, and externally with the Pusey and Gwilliam New Testament text, making use of my Concordance 9 as a tool and the guidelines presented in my introduction to spirantization. 10 In some cases, Mašlmānūthā MSS 11 (hereinafter, Maš.) were consulted to determine P‛al vs. Pa‛‛el fricatization marking. The Mbaṭṭlānā and Marhṭānā were added systematically following current orthographic conventions, but the Mhaggyānā, Nāgudā, and Mṭappyānā, all ubiquitous in the Mosul text, were removed as they are alien to West Syriac orthography. 12 Orthographic Diversions from Mosul In terms of the consonantal tier, the present text differs orthographically from the Mosul text in two ways. Firstly, it intentionally replaces early Syriac orthographic conventions, most of which are also preserved in the East Syriac Mosul text, with West Syriac ones. 13 As for the vocalic tier, the present text differs from the Mosul text in a number of ways. Rukkākhā and Quššāyā points, respectively) will match a single bgādkpāt letter that is not followed by a Rukkākhā or Quššāyā point. When this search fails, all bgādkpāt letters have been pointed (regardless of accuracy of course). 4 S. Lee, Vetus et Novum Testamentum Syriace (London, 1823). 5 T. Audo, ‫( ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ‬Mosul, 1897). 6 C. Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum (2nd ed., 1928). 7 J. P. Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1903). 8 P. Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1879–1901). 9 G. A. Kiraz, A Computer Generated Concordance to the Syriac New Testament, 6 volumes (Leiden, 1993). 10 G. A. Kiraz, Introduction to Syriac Spirantization, Rukkâḵâ and Quššâyâ (Losser, 1995). 11 We used Vat. Syr. 152 and BL Add. 12,178. 12 On these symbols, see C. J. David, Grammaire de la Langue Araméenne, 2 volumes, (Mosul, 2nd ed., 1896) §62, §67; G. Kiraz, Tūrrāṣ Mamllā, A Grammar of the Syriac Language, Volume I Orthography (Gorgias Press, 2012) §§205–208. 13 On orthography, see L. Van Rompay, ‘Some Preliminary Remarks on the Origins of Classical Syriac as a Standard Language. The Syriac Version of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History’, in G. Goldenberg and S. Raz (eds.), Semitic and Cushitic Studies

Foreword to the Edition

ܿ

ix

ܰ

E. Syr. ◌ܼ was generally converted to the corresponding W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. Syriac orthographies vary. In the ܳ ݂ ‫ܝܺ ܽܗ‬, Mosul always uses an E. Syr. ◌ܼܿ while case of bdwl prefixes attaching to ‫ܘܕ ܐ‬ ܺ here a W. Syr. ◌ is used. ܵ ܳ E. Syr. ◌ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except when followed ܰ by ‫ ܘ‬in which case it became ◌. This also applies to nominal forms when followed by an enclitic demonstrative pronoun. ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܸ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. orthographies vary. ܺ ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܹ was mapped to either ◌ or ◌ depending on the phonological, morphological or lexical context. ܺ ܿ E. Syr. ‫ ܼܝ‬was converted to W. Syr. ‫◌ܝ‬, while E. Syr. ‫ ܘ‬and ‫ ܼܘ‬were ܽ collapsed into W. Syr. ‫◌ܘ‬. The choice was made to place the vowel on the consonant preceding the matres lectionis. The Mbaṭṭlānā was applied in the present text following the Pusey and Gwilliam tradition but with further extensions following contemporary orthographic conventions. The following readings in Mosul were rejected: Here M ܳ ‫ܰܕܗ‬ ܳ ܰ ‫ܕܚܠ‬ ܶ ‫ܩܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܳܢܐ‬ Susanna 2 ܳ ‫ܰܕܗ‬ ܳ ܰ ‫ܕܚܠ‬ ܶ Susanna 29 ‫ܩܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܳܢܐ‬ ܳܶ ܰܶ Susanna 36 ‫ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ‬ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ‫ܶܚܠ‬ Susanna 63 ‫ܩܝܐ‬ ܳ ‫ܗܰܠܩܢܽܐ‬ ܳ݁ ܽ ܰ Esther 1:10 ‫ܘܓܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ܓ ݂ܒ ݂ܘܬܐ‬ ݂ ‫ܘ� ݂ܒ‬ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ Esther 1:14 ‫ܒܪܢܫܝ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܺܪܝܫ‬ ܽ ܰ ‫ܰܘ‬ Esther 1:14 ‫ܰܘܐܪܡ ݂ܘܬ‬ ‫ܐܪܡ ݂ܬ‬ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ Esther 1:14 ‫ܘܡܪܣܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܣܐ‬ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ Esther 3:9 ‫ܠܡܥܠܘ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܠܘ‬ ܰ ܶ ܳ Esther 6:1 ‫ܩܪܝܢ‬ ‫ܳܩ ܶܪܝܢ ܩ�ܝ‬ ܽ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܺܫ‬ ܽ ‫ܠܫ ݁ ܺܦ‬ ܰ ܰ ‫ܰܘ‬ ‫ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ‬ ‫ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ‬ Esther 9:7 ܰ ݂ ‫ܰܘ‬ ܰ ݂ ‫ܰܘ‬ ܰ ‫ܠܦ‬ Esther 9:8 ‫ܪܠܛ‬ ‫ܠܦܪܛܠܰܛ‬ ܰ ݂ ‫ܰܘ‬ ܰ ݂ ‫ܰܘ‬ ‫�ܕ ܰܝܪ ݂ܬ‬ ‫�ܕ ܳܝܪ ܐ‬ Esther 9:8 ܺ ܰ ܽ ܽ ݁ ‫ܰܘ‬ ݁ ‫ܰܘ‬ Esther 9:9 ‫ܠܦܪܣܡ ݂ܘܬ‬ ‫ܠܦܝܣܡ ݂ܘܬ‬ (Wiesbaden, 2004), 70–89; S. P. Brock, ‘Some Diachronic Features of Classical Syriac’, in M. F. J. Baasten and W. Th. Van Peursen (eds.), Hamlet on the Hill. Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T. Muraoka on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Louvain, 2003), 95– 111.

x

Foreword to the Edition

ܺ

Judith 4:4 ‫݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ ܶ�ܥܰܡ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܠܶܝܡ‬ ܰ ܳ ܳ ‫ܺܡ‬ Judith 6:15 ‫ܡܢܫܐܝܠ‬ ‫ܝܫܐܝܠ‬ ݀‫݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ܬ‬ ݀‫݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܬ‬ Judith 8:9 ܳ ܰ ݂ ‫ܠܫ‬ ܰ ݂ ‫ܠܫ‬ ܰ ݂ ‫ܠܫ‬ ܰ ‫�ܒܢ ܰܘ‬ ܰ ‫ܠܩܪ ݂ ܰܒܢ ܰܘ‬ ܰ ‫�ܒܢ‬ ‫ܪܒܢ‬ Judith 8:32 ܰ ܰ Judith 14:3 ‫�� ݁ܒܝ‬ ‫�ܪ ݁ܒܝ‬ ܺ ܰ݁ ܺ ‫݁ ܰܕ‬ Judith 14:5 ‫ܕܐܣܠܝ‬ ‫ܐܣܝ‬ We made some consonantal changes to proper nouns per Mash MSS (vowel changes are not listed): Text Organization The division of the text into chapters and verses is a recent Western phenomenon. Early manuscripts divided the texts into chapters, called in Syriac ‫ܩܦ�ܘܢ‬, abbreviated ‫ܩܦ‬, or ‫ܨܚܚܐ‬, abbreviated ‫ܨܚ‬. Having said that, ancient manuscripts do not always follow a systematic approach in these chapter divisions. The present text follows the recent Western division of chapters, naming each chapter in Syriac ‫ܩܦ�ܘܢ‬. Ancient Syriac chapter divisions are given in the outer margin preceded by the abbreviation ‫ ܨܚ‬for ܳ (they correspond to Roman numerals in the English translation). ‫ܨܚ ܳܚܐ‬ These were provided by Adam Kane and Joshua Falconer. The numbers are based on Ms Diyarbakir 1/1 (HMML: DIYR 00002; Peshitta Institute siglum: 15a3). The present edition follows the versification of Paul A. de Lagarde (1861). Ancient manuscripts vary in the application of punctuation marks. The punctuation presented here follows the Mosul punctuation faithfully. Acknowledgements

Andreas Juckel, my co-editor in the Ṣurath Kthob series, played a major role in setting the textual policies of the edition. I am personally grateful to my wife Christine and three children: Tabetha Gabriella, Sebastian Kenoro, and Lucian Nurono. It is hoped that the current edition will be a motivation for further texts and translations of the Syriac Biblical tradition, and will stimulate the use of the Peshiṭta in educational and religious settings.

ABBREVIATIONS BCE CE ed. e.g. i.e. ISC lit. M ms mss MT om. P v. vol.

Before the Common Era Common Era editor, edition exempli gratia id est Inner-Syriac Corruption literally Mosul manuscript manuscripts Masoretic Text omit Peshiṭta verse volume

√

Root

1st 2nd 3rd

first person second person third person

Abbreviations used in Appendix 2 are found in the Legend on p. xxvi.

xi

INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION BY DONALD M. WALTER, GILLIAN GREENBERG AND ERIC TULLY The Peshiṭta In our Introductions to our earlier translations in the Antioch Bible we have given a brief discussion of the Peshiṭta and an account of our translation policy, the construction of the Notes and treatment of Syriac Usages. The Book of Women The Books of Ruth, Esther, Judith and Susanna are the only ones in the Bible (including the Apocrypha) called by the names of women, these women being the principal characters in each case. Ruth The book is included in the Ketuvim in the Hebrew Bible, as one of the five Megillot. In the Christian canon it is treated as a history, set between Judges and I Samuel. The authorship of this book is unknown, though Talmudic tradition names Samuel, and the date of composition too is uncertain. The central figure is Ruth a Moabite woman, the great-grandmother of David. The story is set at the time of the judges, which is described in the biblical book of that name as a period of instability, lawlessness, and incursions by enemy nations. However, relations between Israel and Moab were good in the setting of the story. The book of Ruth recounts the movement of Elimelech’s family, his wife Naomi and their two sons, from Bethlehem to Moab in an effort to escape a famine prevailing in Canaan. In Moab, Elimelech dies. His two sons marry Moabite women, one of which is Ruth. Years later, both the sons die. Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem, but tells her daughters-in-law to return to their own people and remarry. One of the daughters-in-law does so, but Ruth promises to stay with her mother-in-law and goes with her to Bethlehem. In Bethlehem, the two women are destitute, so Ruth gleans in order to support Naomi and herself. She gleans in a field owned by Boaz, a relative of Naomi’s. At the end of xiii

xiv

Introduction to the Translation

the harvest season, Ruth demonstrates faithfulness to Naomi by requesting that Boaz serve as a redeemer for the two women. This involves not only the redemption of land but, according to a form of levirate law, also marriage to Ruth so that they can have a child to continue Naomi’s family line. The book concludes with a short genealogy which traces Obed, the child of Ruth and Boaz, to David. The date of the book is uncertain and controversial. The majority of scholars have argued that it was written in the post-exilic period, a view based on a number of features in the book. For example, some have suggested that the story of an upstanding man of Judah marrying a faithful Moabite woman is a rebuke of the exclusivist policies of Ezra (10:1–19) and Nehemiah (13:23–31) who prohibited mixed marriages. Second, the genealogy of David at the end of the book is similar to genealogies in other literature dated to the post-exilic period, and it shows a particular interest in David because the community had come to realize his importance at that time. Third, the apparent need of the narrator to explain the custom of removing the sandal in Ruth 4:7 suggests that some time has elapsed since the period of judges when the story is set. The custom is mentioned in Deuteronomy 25:9. Therefore, this view argues, the story of Ruth must have been written much later. Similarly, the form of levirate marriage presented in the book is different from levirate marriage as depicted in Genesis 38 and Deuteronomy 25. Some have attempted to make the case that in those texts levirate marriage was an obligation only of brothers on the same estate, but it was later extended to all males in a family (such as Boaz). A final example is the argument from specific linguistic features. It is widely accepted that Biblical Hebrew comprises two forms or dialects which may represent diachronic stages of language development: Standard Biblical Hebrew (SBH) and Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). A number of scholars have attempted to build a case that Ruth must be later than LBH (i.e. at least early post-exilic) in light of Aramaisms and features that align with books such as Ezra/Nehemiah, Esther, and Chronicles. However, because these criteria are so subjective, the same evidence is frequently used to argue for the opposite view, that the book of Ruth is early and pre-exilic. For example, Ruth’s warm welcome despite being a Moabite and her subsequent mixed marriage has been seen as more at home in the pre-exilic period, with no comment on Ezra and Nehemiah’s prohibitions. The genealogy of David which closes the book may indicate a defense of his dynasty’s claim to the throne, and thus would be quite early. Third, some have argued that the custom of shoe removal (Ruth 4:7) reflects an early period, when legal matters were ratified with visual symbols rather than with written documents. Fourth, some have claimed that the

Introduction to the Translation

xv

version of levirate marriage in Ruth precedes other mentions in the Hebrew Bible and that it was later restricted to brothers only (e.g. Deuteronomy 25). Finally, although one would hope that the analysis of linguistic data is more objective, it is likely that some evidence has been interpreted incorrectly, especially in such a small corpus (Ruth is only 85 verses). Recent studies suggest potential pragmatic or literary motivations for some of the features. In addition, the distribution of features in SBH and LBH texts is often inconsistent. It is therefore difficult to make a confident argument for an early or a late date. The earliest date of the book is 1000 BCE, after David became king of Israel and the period of judges had come to a close. The latest possible date is the late Persian period when the book was clearly present in the Hebrew canon. The book is important in Jewish tradition, and is appropriately read at Shavuot, a festival which marks the end of the grain harvest. Susanna This story is included by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches in Chapter 13 of the Book of Daniel. It is considered apocryphal by Protestants. The Greek text survives in two versions. The received version is due to Theodotion, and has superseded the original Septuagint text. This story tells how the wisdom of Daniel, a devout young man, saved the innocent Susanna. Susanna was the wife of a rich Israelite who owned a park in which she would regularly walk, together with her maids. Susanna was watched in the park by two elders who both became obsessed with lust for her. On one occasion Susanna sent her maids on an errand; the elders saw their chance, and threatened her, saying that unless she would sleep with them they would tell the community that she had arranged to sleep with a young man. Susanna refused, but had no witnesses; the community believed the elders’ story, and she was sentenced to death. At the last moment, God inspired Daniel: he ordered the two elders to be made to give separate accounts of what they claimed to have seen. They contradicted one another, were disbelieved, and were duly executed. Esther The book is included in the Ketuvim in the Hebrew Bible, as one of the five megillot. The authorship of the book is unknown, though Talmudic tradition ascribes the book to the men of the Great Synagogue.

xvi

Introduction to the Translation

The setting of this account is Persia; much else is uncertain. The story is that King Ahasuerus gave a splendid banquet for the Persian dignitaries, but that his queen refused to attend to display her beauty. She was deposed, and the king married Esther, a Jewess who had been brought up by her relative Mordecai. Mordecai was loyal to the king, but fell afoul of the Grand Vizier Haman, who contrived to plan a massacre of the Jews in Persia. By chance, the king was made aware that Haman’s antagonism towards Mordecai was self-serving, and Haman himself fell from favor. Plans for the massacre were revised: rather than killing all the Jews, Haman and his sons were to be hanged, and the Jews were given permission to kill any who attacked them on the day originally planned for their deaths: that day had been determined by Haman, casting lots (purim). The dating too is difficult to determine. Suggested dates for the composition range from the latter half of the fifth century BCE to the Maccabean period. The identity of Ahasuerus himself is uncertain: Xerxes I and Artaxerxes II are each suggested by different authorities. Internal evidence indicates that the king had died before the book was written, so if Ahasuerus was Xerxes I, who reigned from 486 to 465 BCE when he was assassinated, it could not have been written before the latter date. Artaxerxes II reigned from 404–358 BCE: a date during the Persian period (539–333 BCE) is suggested by the writer’s detailed knowledge of the customs of Persia: such precise detail might well have been forgotten in the west with the passage of time. Later dates are not strongly supported: there are no references in the book which point to a Greek background; and in the Maccabean period the Jews were fighting to preserve their religion, not fighting for life as they are in the Esther story. Although the historicity of the book is largely discounted, and the details of the events recounted strain credulity, it is possible that there is some basis in historical events: monarchs were indeed influenced by their courtiers, and pogroms certainly happened. The purpose of the book is uncertain. The name of God is not mentioned and religious practice is not referred to directly. The story is read annually on Purim, which it is supposed to commemorate. The Hebrew text has been well preserved. The account in the Septuagint includes additional interpolated passages. Jerome’s Latin text includes translations of these additions, placed at the end as chapters 10:4– 16:24.

Introduction to the Translation

xvii

Judith The Book of Judith is included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible, but is excluded from Jewish texts and assigned by Protestants to the Apocrypha. Although the oldest extant version is that of the Septuagint, 1 this is not necessarily the original: probably it is a translation from a Hebrew original. 2 The Greek text appears in three forms. (1) First, agreeing closely with one another, the principal Greek uncials A and B. The printed editions of the Septuagint closely follow this. (2) Second, that of codices 19 and 108, containing the Lucianic recension, evidently a revision of (1). (3) Third, codex 58, which is close to (2). The Old Latin and the two extant Syriac versions, namely the Peshitta and the Syro-Hexapla, largely agree with it. Several late Hebrew versions of the book have been found, no one of them with strong claims to be considered the original text . The story tells how the Israelites living in Judea heard of the terrible campaign waged by Holophernes, the commander-in-chief of the Assyrian ruler here named as Nebuchadnezzar. Holophernes was known to be approaching; the Israelites set up such defenses as they could, prayed, and fasted. Holophernes was angered by the reports that the Israelites had set up defenses. He was advised by Achiod, the Ammonite leader, that if the Israelites had conducted themselves well and not sinned, their God would protect them, so Holophernes should not attack; though if they had sinned, Holophernes could attack with confidence. Holophernes judged that Nebuchadnezzar would in any case be able to defeat the Israelites, being The Greek translation (from a version of which the Peshiṭta to Judith was translated) was done early enough to be counted as authoritative scripture by Clement of Rome at the end of the first century CE. 2 Such a Hebrew text, no longer extant, is usually dated to sometime after Antiochus IV Epiphanes, thus setting the story in the Hellenistic period when the Maccabees fought the Seleucid monarchs. There are numerous Hebraisms in the Greek texts, and some elements of the Greek texts which are due to mistranslation of Hebrew. Space only allows a few instances; note for example the representation of the Hebrew idiom which strengthens a finite verb by placing a cognate (absolute) infinitive before it, represented in the Greek of this book in the usual form in which it occurs in the Septuagint, namely, a participle followed by a finite verb (see Judith 2:13). In Judith 16:3 we have: ‘For a god that shatters battle is (the) Lord’. Now ‘Lord’ without the article can be only the Hebrew ‘Yahweh,’ read always ’adhonay, ‘Lord’. But the phrase, ‘to shatter battle’, is not good Greek or good sense. The Hebrew words shabhath (‘to rest’; compare shabbath, ‘Sabbath’) and shabhar (‘to break’) are written much alike, and in the original Hebrew we must have had the causative form of the first verb: ‘A God that makes war cease is (the) Lord’ (see Psalms 46:9). 1

xviii

Introduction to the Translation

more powerful than any god. Because the Israelites’ defensive positions were well-planned and would be difficult to take, he was advised to block the Israelites’ water supply rather than to make a direct military attack; this had terrible consequences for the Israelites, civilians as well as soldiers. Uziah, a prominent magistrate, urged the people to wait five days for God to have mercy on them and send help; if by the end of that time there had been no sign from God, they should surrender. News of this reached Judith, a devout, wealthy, and beautiful widow. She was angered by the attempt to test God, and argued that the Israelites should trust him implicitly. She announced that God would deliver Israel, by her hand, but that her plan must remain secret. Having made the appropriate prayers, Judith dressed seductively, and left the town together with her maid. She went to the first Assyrian outpost, where she told the guards that she was a Hebrew, fleeing from her people because of their plight, and that she could explain to Holophernes how he could overcome the Israelite defenses with no loss of his own men. Bemused by her beauty, and impressed by her story, the Assyrians allowed Judith entry to Holophernes’ tent. She remained in the Assyrian camp for three days, having established that she would be allowed to leave the camp nightly to pray. On the fourth day Holophernes gave a banquet which Judith attended. Holophernes became very drunk and lay on his bed. Judith cut off his head, left the camp as she had been doing nightly, and returned to the Israelite camp. On finding the decapitated Holophernes, the Assyrians panicked. In the ensuing battle the Israelites triumphed. Addenda

There are many passages where the meaning of MT is not precisely rendered in our text of P. Apart from differences imposed by the different idioms of the two languages, there are two main explanations of these discrepancies. These are discussed below in: Addendum 1 (interesting readings including errors and deliberate interpretive changes); and Addendum 2 (inner-Syriac corruption). Addendum 1: Noteworthy Readings Ruth 1:21

‫‘ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܡܟܟܢܝ‬since the Lord has humbled me’. The MT vocalizes ‫ענה‬ as a Qal: ‫‘ ויהוה ענה בי‬and YHWH testified against me’ which is the expected sense when the object is marked with a ‫ ב‬preposition. P understands the verb as a Piel, probably in light of the immediate context.

Introduction to the Translation 2:1

xix

‫‘ ܓܒܪܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ‬a prominent man’. MT ‫גבור חיל‬. In Hebrew the word ‫חיל‬

is also applied to Ruth in 3:11 and to her future deeds in 4:11. P, however translates the word ‫ חיל‬in 3:11 with ‫‘( ܥܘܫܢܐ‬consequence’) and with �‫‘( ܚܝ‬mighty’) in 4:11. Thus it does not maintain the significant lexical link and thematic connection between the three occurrences of ‫ חיל‬in the book. 3:14 ‫‘ ܘܐܡܪܬ ܠܗ‬and she said to him’. MT ‫‘ ויאמר‬and he said’. Ruth is the subject of the two preceding verses, so P makes her the subject of this verb as well and adjusts the rest of the verse accordingly, including a shift from the 3rd feminine singular ‫‘ באה‬she came’ to 1cs ‫‘ ܢܚܬܬ‬I have come down’ and the addition of ‫‘ ܠܘܬܟ‬to you’. 4:10 ‫‘ ܘܠܟܝ ܪܥܘܬ ܡܘܐܒܝܬܐ ܐܢܬܬ ܡܠܝܘܢ ܢܣܒܬܟܝ ܠܝ ܐܢܬܬܐ‬And you Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Malion, I have taken you as my wife’. MT ‫‘ וגם את־רות המאביה אשת מחלון קניתי לי לאשה‬and also Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Mahlon, I have acquired as my wife’. In the MT, Boaz speaks with 2nd masculine plural forms to the elders throughout 4:9–10. P, however, adds two 2nd feminine singular suffixes in the first part of 4:10 so that here Boaz addresses Ruth directly when he announces that he will marry her. Esther

‫‘ ܡܢ ܚܐ�ܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܦܪܬܘܝܐ‬by the king’s Parthian freemen’. MT ‫משׂרי‬ ‫‘ המלך הפרתמים‬from the king’s noblemen’. The Persian loanword ‫ פרתמים‬is understood to mean ‘aristocrat’; P has taken it in its generic sense. 8:10 ‫‘ ̈ܒܢܝ �ܡܟܐ‬born into (lit. ‘sons of’) the (royal) herd’. MT ‫האחשתרנים‬ ‫‘ בני הרמכים‬sons of royal herds’. P was not familiar with this rarely used term. 8:17 ‫‘ ܡܬܬܘܗܝܢ‬were troubled’. MT ‫‘ מתיהדים‬became Jews’. P did not recognize the root of this verb, which occurs only here. √‫ ܬܘܗ‬shares only one consonant with the Hebrew root ‫יהד‬, but the Hebrew in the Hithpoel as here looks sufficiently similar to the Syriac to have seemed to be a good choice.

6:9

Judith 4:5

5:4

‫‘ ܘܐܣܩܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܩܪܒܐ‬they brought them up as for war’. LXX καὶ

παρέθεντο εἰς ἐπισιτισμὸν εἰς παρασκευὴν πολέμου ‘they laid up food for provision of war’. P has omitted the reference to food, making poor sense of this part of the verse. ‫‘ ܒܡܥ�ܐ‬in caves’. LXX δυσμαῖς a derivative of a term for ‘the west’. Probably, an original ‫‘ ܒܡܥܪܒܐ‬west’ was corrupted to the present

xx

5:8

Introduction to the Translation form. It is also possible that P gave ‘caves’ deliberately, to fit the context of the mountain-country. ‫‘ ܘܐܦܩ ܐܢܘܢ‬and brought them out’. LXX καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτούς ‘they cast them out’.

Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions Esther 4:16

‫ ܘܐܢ ܥܒܕܬ ܥܒܕܬ‬lit. ‘However, I did, I did’. MT reads

‫וכאשר אבדתי‬ ‫‘ אבדתי‬and so, if I perish, I perish’ (using perfect verbs). Probably an ISC of ‫ܘܐܢ ܐܒܕܬ ܐܒܕܬ‬.

Judith 2:1

7:2

‫‘ ܒܬܪ ܥܣܪܐ‬after the ten’. LXX δευτέρᾳ καὶ εἰκάδι ‘twenty-second’. A possible original ‫ ܒܬ�ܝܢ ܘܥܣܪܝܢ‬may have been corrupted to give the present form.

̈ ‫�ܦܝܢ‬ ‫ܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܬܪܝܢ‬

‘twenty-two thousand’. LXX χιλιάδες δεκαδύο ‘twelve thousand’. Possibly, an original ‫ ܬܪܥܣܪ‬was changed by ISC to the present form. 8:32 ‫ ܠܫ�ܒܢ ܘܠܫ�ܒܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ‘by our families and by our descendants’ LXX εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν ‘generations of generations’. M 17e1 read ‫‘ ܠܩܪܒܢ ܘܠܫܪܒܢ‬left to our nearness/war and to our generation’. All the collated mss except the very late 17e1 have the authentic Peshitta reading which faithfully translated the LXX. 17e1 followed by M are the result of ISC. 14:5 ‫‘ ܠܗܘ ܕܐܣܝ ܠܕܒܝܬ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬him who healed those of the house of Israel’. Probably, an original ‫‘ ܐܣܠܝ‬despised’ was changed by ISC to the present form. 15:3 ‫‘ ܘܐܬܢܣܟܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬they were poured out upon them’. This could perhaps be a metaphor intended to give a picture of an onslaught by a fast-moving destructive force, but this seems unlikely. It could perhaps have resulted from ISC of an original ‫ܘܐܬܢܣܒܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬, but this too seems unlikely: √‫ ܢܣܒ‬in the Peal can mean ‘to take by force’ but this fits poorly with the preposition ‫ ܥܠ‬which follows it. Further, this explanation requires the putative ISC to have introduced an Ethpeel form, which seems unlikely; and in any case that form has an inappropriate meaning ‘to be taken, taken away’.

APPENDIX 1: VERSIFICATION Versification, Mosul against de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible) Ruth and Esther are canonical books, their versification in the present edition is taken from the Mosul edition. As no Peshitta Institute texts are extant so far, no differences of versification can be quoted for these two books. Susanna and Judith are apocryphal writings; their versification differs considerably from the Mosul edition. Again, no Peshitta Institute texts are available. For practical reasons we decided to adopt the versification of de Lagarde, 1 which derives from the Septuagint prepared by Johannes Ernst Grabe (1666–1711) and is still the versification of the present-day Septuagint editions. The following table gives (for Susanna and Judith) the versification of Mosul against the present edition. Verses in italics are lacking in Mosul and are without correspondence in the edition of P. de Lagarde (Antioch Bible). Mosul Susanna 9 14 15 16 20

begins with de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible)

last word in 8 ‫ ܘܥܛܦܘ‬in 14 ‫ ܘܗܘܐ‬in 15 ‫ ܘܐܙܠܘ‬in 15 ‫ ܗܐ ܬ�ܥܐ‬in 20

28 29 41 51 62

‫ ܘܗܘܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ‬in 27 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬in 28 ‫ ܘܗܝܡܢܬ‬in 41 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬in 50 ‫ ܘܩܛܠܘ ܐܢܘܢ‬in 61

P. de Lagarde, Libri Veteris Testament apocryphi syriace, Leipzig-London 1861 (Susanna 132–138; Judith 104–126). 1

xxi

‫‪xxii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 1: Versification‬‬ ‫)‪begins with de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible‬‬

‫‪ in 15‬ܘܓܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ‬ ‫‪ in 8‬ܘܣܓܕܘ‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪ in 12‬ܘܐܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬

‫‪ in 14‬ܘܐܦܩܘ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪16–22‬‬

‫‪ in 22‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪6:1‬‬

‫‪ in 6:2‬ܘܡܢܘ �ܗܐ‬ ‫‪6:3–4‬‬

‫‪ in 6:4‬ܘ� ܬܩܘܡ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪ in 5‬ܒܝܘܡܐ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ in 6‬ܘܬܦܠ‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪ in 12‬ܘܢܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪ in 15‬ܥܘܙܝܐ‬ ‫‪ in 16‬ܘܐܩܝܡܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪17–18‬‬

‫‪ in 18‬ܘܥܢܘ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫ܘܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪̣ in 21‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪܐ‬ ‫‪̣ in 21‬‬ ‫‪ in 7‬ܘܗܠܟܘ‬ ‫‪ in 8‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪ in 20‬ܘܣܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫‪ in 23‬ܘܥ ̣ܢܘ‬ ‫‪25–29‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪ in 30‬ܛܟ‬

‫‪4:12‬‬ ‫‪5:9‬‬ ‫‪5:10‬‬ ‫‪5:11‬‬ ‫‪5:12‬‬ ‫‪5:13‬‬ ‫‪5:15–16‬‬ ‫‪5:17‬‬ ‫‪5:18–19‬‬ ‫‪5:20–26‬‬ ‫‪5:27‬‬ ‫‪5:28‬‬ ‫‪5:29‬‬ ‫‪5:30–31‬‬ ‫‪5:32‬‬ ‫‪6:1‬‬ ‫‪6:2‬‬ ‫‪6:3‬‬ ‫‪6:4‬‬ ‫‪6:5‬‬ ‫‪6:6‬‬ ‫‪6:7‬‬ ‫‪6:8‬‬ ‫‪6:9‬‬ ‫‪6:10‬‬ ‫‪6:11‬‬ ‫‪6:12‬‬ ‫‪6:13–14‬‬ ‫‪6:15‬‬ ‫‪6:16‬‬ ‫‪6:17–18‬‬ ‫‪6:19‬‬ ‫‪6:20‬‬ ‫‪6:21‬‬ ‫‪7:7‬‬ ‫‪7:9‬‬ ‫‪7:10‬‬ ‫‪7:11‬‬ ‫‪7:12‬‬ ‫‪7:13‬‬ ‫‪7:14–18‬‬ ‫‪7:19–22‬‬ ‫‪7:23‬‬ ‫‪7:24‬‬

‫̇‬ ‫ܦܬܝܗ ܕܟܐܦܐ‬ ‫‪ in 2‬ܕܗܘܐ‬ ‫‪ in 6‬ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ‬ ‫‪no #, text in 9‬‬

‫‪ in 12‬ܘܠܡܩܛܠܘ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪ in 16‬ܘܗܘܐ ܡܬܓ�‬ ‫‪ in 2‬ܘܓ�‬ ‫‪ in 2‬ܘܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ‬ ‫‪̣ in 4‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪ in 17‬ܘܥ�ܒܐ‬

‫‪18–19‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪ in 23‬ܘܫܒܘ‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫ܘܥܩܪ‬ ‫‪̣ in 24‬‬ ‫ܘܐܬܐ‬ ‫‪̣ in 25‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪2:28‬‬ ‫‪ in 3:1‬ܘܐܡܪܝܢܢ‬ ‫‪ in 3‬ܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ in 4‬ܬܐ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ in 6‬ܘܕܒܪ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ in 8‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ܘܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪̣ in 10‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ in 5‬ܘܐܥܫܢܘ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ in 7‬ܐܚܘܕܘ‬ ‫‪8–9‬‬ ‫‪ in 10‬ܘܡܚܘ‬ ‫‪ in 12‬ܘܓܥܘ‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪Mosul‬‬ ‫‪Judith‬‬ ‫‪1:3‬‬ ‫‪1:7‬‬ ‫‪1:10‬‬ ‫‪1:13‬‬ ‫‪1:14–15‬‬ ‫‪1:16‬‬ ‫‪1:17‬‬ ‫‪1:18‬‬ ‫‪2:3‬‬ ‫‪2:4‬‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬ ‫‪2:6‬‬ ‫‪2:7‬‬ ‫‪2:8‬‬ ‫‪2:9‬‬ ‫‪2:10–11‬‬ ‫‪2:12‬‬ ‫‪2:13‬‬ ‫‪2:14‬‬ ‫‪2:15‬‬ ‫‪2:16‬‬ ‫‪2:17‬‬ ‫‪3:1‬‬ ‫‪3:2‬‬ ‫‪3:4‬‬ ‫‪3:5‬‬ ‫‪3:6‬‬ ‫‪3:7‬‬ ‫‪3:8‬‬ ‫‪3:9‬‬ ‫‪3:10‬‬ ‫‪3:11‬‬ ‫‪3:12‬‬ ‫‪3:13‬‬ ‫‪3:14‬‬ ‫‪3:15‬‬ ‫‪4:3‬‬ ‫‪4:4‬‬ ‫‪4:5‬‬ ‫‪4:6‬‬ ‫‪4:7–8‬‬ ‫‪4:9‬‬ ‫‪4:10‬‬ ‫‪4:11‬‬

‫‪Appendix 1: Versification‬‬

‫‪xxiii‬‬ ‫‪11–12‬‬

‫‪ in 12‬ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ‬ ‫‪ in 12‬ܘܐܬܪܥܝܘ‬ ‫‪16–17‬‬

‫‪ in 17‬ܘܢܚܘܝܢܝ‬ ‫‪ in 19‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪ in 19‬ܘܐܫܬܕܪܬ‬ ‫‪20–22‬‬

‫‪ in 23‬ܘܐܢ‬ ‫‪ in 5‬ܘܕܡܟܬ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪ in 7‬ܘܢܦܩܐ ܗܘܬ‬ ‫‪12–14‬‬

‫‪ in 14‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪ in 16‬ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥ‬ ‫‪ in 1‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ in 2‬ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ in 4‬ܘܩܡܬ‬ ‫‪ in 4‬ܘܐܡܪܬ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ in 7‬ܘܐܚܕܬ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪ in 9‬ܘܒܬܪ‬ ‫ܘܢܦܩ‬ ‫‪̣ in 10‬‬ ‫‪11–13‬‬

‫‪ in 13‬ܘܐܘܚܕܘ‬

‫‪in 14‬‬

‫—‬

‫‪15–16‬‬

‫ܐ� ܬܒܪ‬

‫ܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪ in 16‬ܘ� ̣‬ ‫‪17–18‬‬

‫‪ in 18‬ܘܒܪܝܟ ܗܘ‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ܘܐܡܪ‬ ‫‪̣ in 20‬‬ ‫‪ in 2‬ܘܬܦܩܘܢ‬ ‫‪ in 3‬ܘܢܪܗܛܘܢ‬

‫‪4–6‬‬

‫‪ in 6‬ܘܟܕ ̣ܐܬܐ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪ in 7‬ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬܝ‬ ‫‪9–11‬‬

‫‪ in 11‬ܘܫܩܠܘ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪ in 13‬ܥܘܠ‬

‫‪11:9–10‬‬ ‫‪11:11‬‬ ‫‪11:12‬‬ ‫‪11:13–14‬‬ ‫‪11:15‬‬ ‫‪11:16‬‬ ‫‪11:17‬‬ ‫‪11:18–20‬‬ ‫‪11:21‬‬ ‫‪12:5‬‬ ‫‪12:6‬‬ ‫‪12:7‬‬ ‫‪12:11–13‬‬ ‫‪12:14‬‬ ‫‪12:16‬‬ ‫‪13:2‬‬ ‫‪13:3‬‬ ‫‪13:4‬‬ ‫‪13:5‬‬ ‫‪13:6‬‬ ‫‪13:7‬‬ ‫‪13:8‬‬ ‫‪13:9‬‬ ‫‪13:10‬‬ ‫‪13:11‬‬ ‫‪13:12‬‬ ‫‪13:13–15‬‬ ‫‪13:16‬‬ ‫‪13:17‬‬ ‫‪13:18‬‬ ‫‪13:19–20‬‬ ‫‪13:21‬‬ ‫‪13:22–23‬‬ ‫‪13:24‬‬ ‫‪13:25‬‬ ‫‪13:26‬‬ ‫‪14:3‬‬ ‫‪14:4‬‬ ‫‪14:5–7‬‬ ‫‪14:8‬‬ ‫‪14:9‬‬ ‫‪14:10‬‬ ‫‪14:11–13‬‬ ‫‪14:14‬‬ ‫‪14:15‬‬ ‫‪14:16‬‬

‫‪31–32‬‬

‫‪ in 5‬ܘܠܒܫܐ ܗܘܬ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪ in 13‬ܘܐܢܫ‬ ‫‪15–16‬‬

‫‪ in 14‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪ in 17‬ܘܐܢ‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪26–27‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ in 27‬ܘܐܦ‬ ‫‪31–32‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪33–35‬‬ ‫‪8:36‬‬ ‫‪4–5‬‬ ‫‪ in 6‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫—‬

‫‪ in 7‬ܖܡܫܬܩܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ in 7‬ܘܡܬܬܟܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ in 7‬ܘ� ܝܕܥܘ‬ ‫ܬܒܪ‬ ‫‪ in 8‬ܐܢܬ ̣‬

‫‪9–10‬‬ ‫‪ in 10‬ܬܒܪ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪11–13‬‬ ‫‪ in 14‬ܕܢܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫‪ in 2‬ܘܩܪܬ‬ ‫‪ in 3‬ܘܐܫܝܓܬ‬ ‫‪ in 4‬ܘܐܨ ܛܒܬܬ‬ ‫‪ in 7‬ܘܬܡܗܘ‬ ‫‪ in 8‬ܘܢܦܠܬ‬ ‫‪ in 10‬ܘܢܦܩܬ‬ ‫‪ in 11‬ܘܦܓܥܬ‬ ‫‪ in 12‬ܘܐܡܪܬ‬ ‫‪ in 14‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪ in 15‬ܡܟܝܠ‬ ‫‪ in 19‬ܘܐܬܕܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7–9‬‬ ‫‪ in 10‬ܡܛܠ‬

‫‪7:25–26‬‬ ‫‪8:6‬‬ ‫‪8:10‬‬ ‫‪8:11‬‬ ‫‪8:12‬‬ ‫‪8:13–14‬‬ ‫‪8:15‬‬ ‫‪8:16‬‬ ‫‪8:17‬‬ ‫‪8:21‬‬ ‫‪8:22–23‬‬ ‫‪8:24–26‬‬ ‫‪8:27‬‬ ‫‪8:29–30‬‬ ‫‪8:31‬‬ ‫‪8:32–34‬‬ ‫‪9:1‬‬ ‫‪9:3–4‬‬ ‫‪9:5‬‬ ‫‪9:6‬‬ ‫‪9:7‬‬ ‫‪9:8‬‬ ‫‪9:9‬‬ ‫‪9:10‬‬ ‫‪9:11‬‬ ‫‪9:12–13‬‬ ‫‪9:14‬‬ ‫‪9:15‬‬ ‫‪9:16–18‬‬ ‫‪9:19‬‬ ‫‪10:2‬‬ ‫‪10:3‬‬ ‫‪10:4‬‬ ‫‪10:8‬‬ ‫‪10:9‬‬ ‫‪10:10‬‬ ‫‪10:11‬‬ ‫‪10:12‬‬ ‫‪10:15‬‬ ‫‪10:16‬‬ ‫‪10:18‬‬ ‫‪10:19‬‬ ‫‪10:20‬‬ ‫‪11:4‬‬ ‫‪11:5–7‬‬ ‫‪11:8‬‬

‫‪Appendix 1: Versification‬‬ ‫‪3–7‬‬

‫‪ in 7‬ܡܫܚܬ‬ ‫‪9–13‬‬

‫‪ in 13‬ܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫‪14–15‬‬

‫‪ in 15‬ܘܥܠ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪ in 17‬ܘܢܬܠ‬ ‫‪18–21‬‬

‫‪ in 21‬ܘܗܘܬ‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪ in 23‬ܘܣܐܒܬ‬ ‫‪24–25‬‬

‫‪16:5–9‬‬ ‫‪16:10‬‬ ‫‪16:11–15‬‬ ‫‪16:16‬‬ ‫‪16:17–18‬‬ ‫‪16:19‬‬ ‫‪16:20‬‬ ‫‪16:21‬‬ ‫‪16:22–25‬‬ ‫‪16:26‬‬ ‫‪16:27‬‬ ‫‪16:28‬‬ ‫‪16:29–30‬‬

‫‪xxiv‬‬ ‫‪14–15‬‬ ‫‪17–19‬‬

‫‪ in 1‬ܘ� ܟܬܪ‬ ‫‪ in 3‬ܘܗܝܕܝܢ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪5–10‬‬

‫‪ in 10‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪ in 11‬ܘܝܗܒܘ‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪15:14‬‬

‫‪ in 1‬ܫܒܚܘ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ in 2‬ܡܪܝܐ‬

‫‪14:17–18‬‬ ‫‪14:19–21‬‬ ‫‪15:2‬‬ ‫‪15:3‬‬ ‫‪15:5‬‬ ‫‪15:6–11‬‬ ‫‪15:12‬‬ ‫‪15:13‬‬ ‫‪15:14‬‬ ‫‪15:15‬‬ ‫‪16:1‬‬ ‫‪16:2‬‬ ‫‪16:3‬‬ ‫‪16:4‬‬

APPENDIX 2: VARIANT READINGS Based on Collations by Donald M. Walter A critical edition of the Women is not yet available in the Peshitta Institute Edition. Since we needed manuscript evidence relevant for the Mosul text of the Women for use in this edition we have collated the manuscripts in the British Library which were readily available as well as legible. 1 By adding 17a1 and 17e1 to those the Peshitta Institute Edition would have used, we collected support for numerous readings in Mosul which would otherwise have lacked any manuscript support. Since 8a1 in Paris is now accessible in a facsimile online we have also been able to add its readings, although not with the sophistication the Peshitta Institute Edition can bring to distinguishing levels of emendation found in it. Other late manuscripts such as are found in Rome might reduce the number of readings only found in M (Mosul) significantly. Should the Peshitta Institute Edition of the Women be published in the future, they will have had access to microfilms of 12a1 in Cambridge (currently not available to us due to its deteriorating condition) and perhaps a good microfilm of 10j3 2 and 11c1, and to the manuscript holdings in Paris of 9c1, and in New Haven of 10c1. Since there is no way to have Addenda or Appendices on an Appendix such as this, manuscripts variants including errors 3 (whether shared or not) and such orthographic variants as may have significance for establishing manuscript relationships 4 are all listed without distinction, as well as spelling pages.

1

6f1, 6h10, 7a1, 10f1, 12d2, 17a1 and 17e1 meet these conditions; 11c1 for alternative

Gillian Greenberg was allowed to consult, but not photograph 10f3, but could hardly find any readings which are certain. Accordingly 10j3 is not cited by us. 3 Errors in 7a1 are not always cited. 4 Variants such as ‫ܟܘܠ‬/‫ܟܠ‬, ‫ܪܝܫ‬/‫ܪܫ‬, ‫ܐܢܬ ܗܘ‬/‫ܐܢܬܘ‬, or ‫ܓܢܒ‬/‫( ܓܒ‬with or without suffixes, conjunctions, and prepositions) or the frequent addition of yudh in 10f1 to 3rd feminine perfects are ignored since they are not useful in establishing manuscript relations. Similarly the addition or omission of seyāme when it is only orthographic and does not change the number. 2

xxv

xxvi

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

variants of names unless they have been dealt with preceding the tables of variants for the individual books. In various manuscripts (e.g. 6f1, 7a1, 17a1) a word at the end of the final column on one page is sometimes repeated at the top of the next page. 5 At 7a1 Judith 8:28 (7a1 8:28) one line ends with ‫ ܛܒܐ‬and the next begins with the same word. Similarly at 17a1 Judith 2:5 a word (‫ )ܡܢ‬at the end of one line is repeated at the start of the next. At Judith 8:18 (7a1 8:18) 7a1 reads ‫ ܡܢܟܘܢ ܡܢܟܘܢ‬for ‫ܡܢܟܘܢ‬. Such cases are not intended as variant readings and are not cited in this Addendum, although most errors in the manuscripts have been listed in the tables of variants. Sometimes a scribe wrote a dot over a final he, as in Ruth 2:1 ‫ܫܪܒܬܗ‬, and seeing his mistake, drew a short line through it. Such cases will rarely be cited among the variants listed below. Sometimes it is impossible to distinguish ‫ ܝܫ‬from an unconnected ‫;ܫ‬ this is especially the case with 12d2 and 17a1 but also with 10f1. Sometimes in 10f1 final ‫ ܝܢ‬and final ‫ ܢ‬are difficult or impossible to distinguish. In 17a1 a kāph sometimes looks like an ʿē; such cases are not cited as variants unless they can be translated meaningfully in the context. Sometimes, in 11c1 in Ruth and in 7a1 and 17a1, there seems to be a diacritical mark above a final suffix ‫ܗ‬, where the suffix must surely be masculine. 6 Possibly an accent is involved or it is just by error. Such cases are not necessarily cited in the tables of variants. 21F

Legend ‘pr’ = ‘prior’ or ‘previous’ (or else we have given the form with the prefixed element or word); ‘+’ is used for ‘add’ (or else we have given the form with the addition) 7 ; ‘transpose’ ; ‘om’ is used for ‘omit’ as ‘om seyāme’; ‘seyāme’ by itself implies a seyāme has been added; other comments include ‘lacking’, ‘defective ms’, ‘not legible’, ‘(homeotel)’. ‘(vid)’ or even ‘(inc)’ is used after a manuscript name to indicate varying measures of uncertainty regarding the reading in the manuscript. There is no evidence that any corrections in any of the manuscripts in the British Library collated for this Appendix were made by other than the A common scribal practice. When a 3fs suffix lacking a diacritical marking for the feminine is followed by a feminine noun or name, a record of that fact is ignored in this Appendix. 7 In either case a manuscript supporting the addition is assumed to have the lemma as well. 5 6

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xxvii

original scribe (other than once in 7a1) or by a hand in 12d2 retouching a few letters. Original readings are marked with * or txt, and corrections (from the original hand) with superscript 1 or mg. At least one reading in 7a1 is marked with c indicating a correction by a later hand. Information regarding manuscript defects is sometimes given at appropriate places in the footnotes. As often as not it has not been possible, even with autopsy, to determine an original reading (if there was one) which has been removed, in which case no notes are given. In the case of 8a1 in Paris various sections have been carefully retraced, the color of the ink and the shape of the hē being the special identifiers. No cases of retracing were found where a different original reading can be demonstrated. The citation 8a1retr is used only when a different reading could have been original, even though no traces of it survive; cases involving retracing where the original must have been the same are simply cited as 8a1. Readings assignable to 14/8a1 are often found in Esther and Judith. An autopsy would probably enable more refined judgments than we could give from a pdf facsimile. Variants in the spelling of select names ‘Israel’: 6f1 7a1 10f1 ‘Israel’ is spelled either ‫ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬or as ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‬, frequently depending on how much space needs to be filled. 12d2 uses ‫ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬. 17a1 regularly uses the spelling ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‬. It is always spelled ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬in 17e1. In Ruth and Susanna 8a1 spells ‘Israel’ with no ālaph except with an initial ālaph in Susanna 22,48 twice (the first from the retracer), 8 57,64. In Esther and Judith 8a1 spells ‘Israel’ with an initial ālaph (‫)ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬, except for ‫ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‬in Judith 13:11, 16:25. ‘Jerusalem’: 7a1 ‘Jerusalem’ is spelled ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬or ‫ܐܪܫܠܡ‬. Space availability is a key factor. 17a1 commonly uses the form ‫ܐܘܪܝܫܠܡ‬. It is always spelled ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬in 17e1. 8a1 ‘Jerusalem’ ‫ ܒܐܪܫܠܡ‬lacks a waw in Judith 11:13 8a1*. ‘Ahasuerus’ in Esther is spelled ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬in M 17e1, but as ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ‬in 6f1. Often though it is impossible to distinguish yūdh shīn from an unconnected shīn. ‘Jezreel’ in Judith is spelled ‫ ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ‬in M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1, but also as ‫ ܐܝܙܪܥܐܝܠ‬in 7a1.

8

Assigned the designation 14/8a1 by the Peshitta Institute.

xxviii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‘Judeans’, ‘Jews’, ‘Jew’ in 17a1 (also 12d2) is spelled without a ‫;ܗ‬ however the ‫ ܗ‬is retained in ‘Judea/Judah’ (‫)ܝܗܘܕܐ‬. In 17e1 it is always with ‫ܗ‬. ‘Vashti’ is spelled in Esther by 17a1 ‫ ܘܘܫܬܝ‬three times but elsewhere by ‫ܘܫܬܝ‬. Lee (1823) and Urmia (1852), neither available for Susanna or Judith, have been checked against those places in Ruth and Esther where no mss support the reading found in M. In 11 places neither of them support the reading found in M: Ruth 2:16, 3:13, Esther 1:9,13,13,15,17, 2:20, 6:3, 7:4,4. M lacks support from Lee (but is supported by Urmia) in Ruth 3:7,7, Esther 1:8,15, 2:9, 3:12, 4:3,8, 7:9, 8:10, and 9:11. M lacks support from Mosul (but is supported by Lee) in Ruth 1:11, 4:10, Esther 2:23,23, 7:7. Everywhere else when M lacks ms support in Ruth and Esther its reading has the support of both Lee and Urmia. Orthographic variants are usually ignored when mss are cited as supporting either the lemma or a variant. Ruth 6f1 (missing 4:11–22) 7a1 8a1 11c1 (alternating pages legible) 17a1 Ruth not extant in 17e1 ‫ ܠܓܒܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 ] ‫ ܕܓܒܪܐ‬8a1 17a1 1:2 1:3 ‫ ܘܐܫܬܚܪܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܫܬܘܚܪܬ‬8a1 ܿ ‫ܬܗ‬ ܿ ̈ ‫ ܟܠ‬M 8a1 17a1 (‫ܬܗ‬ ܿ ̈ ‫)ܟܠ‬9 ] ‫ܠܬܗ‬ ܿ 1:6 ‫ܥܡܗ‬ ‫ ̈ܟ‬6f1 : lacking 7a1 ‫ ܕܫܡܥ‬M 6f1 8a1 ] ‫ ܕܫܡܥܘ‬7a1 17a1 1:9 ‫ ܠܚܣܕܐ‬M 8a1 (‫) ܠܚܣܪܐ‬17a1 ] ‫ ܠ�ܚܡܐ‬6f1 7a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 ] ‫ ܘܬܫܟܚܝܢ‬7a1 17a1(vid) (seyāme) ‫ܘܬܫܟܚܢ‬ ‫ ܘܐܪܝܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܪܝܡܝ‬8a1 17a1 1:11 ‫ ܕܠܡܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܬܠܟܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܠ ܠܟܝܢ‬8a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ܬܣܟܝܝܢ‬ ̈ 1:13 ‫ܬܣܟܝܢ‬ 17a1 ‫ ܠܓܒܪܐ‬M Lee Urmia] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 1:14 ‫ ܘܐܪܝܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܪܝ̈ܡܝ‬8a1 (s.sey) 17a1 1:16 ‫ ܘܐܠܗܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ �ܗܟܝ‬8a1 1:17 ‫ ܢܦܪܘܫ‬M 8a1 17a1 ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 1:18 ‫ ܐܨ ܛܒܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܐܨ ܛܝܒܬ‬8a1 9

This orthographic variation occurs also in Ruth 1:7,8.

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xxix

‫ ܠܡܗܦܟ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܠܡܐܙܠ‬7a1 11c1 legible with ‫ܡܢ‬. ‫ ܩ�ܝܢ ܐܢܬܝܢ‬M 6f1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܩ�ܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ‬7a1 : ‫ ܩܪܝܬܝܢ‬8a1 ‫ ܕܡܛܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܛܐܒ‬8a110 ‫ ܫܠܡܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܚܨ ܕܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܚܣܕܐ‬7a1 ‫ ܕܐܠܝܡܠܟ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܒܝܡܠܟ‬7a1 ‫ ܚܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 ‫ ܘܫܡܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܕܫܡܗ‬17a1 ‫ ܒܦܠܓܘܬܐ‬M 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܦܠܓܘܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‬M Lee Urmia] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 2o ‫ ܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] om 11c1* ̈ M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܚܨ̈ܘܕܐ‬6f1 7a1 ��‫ܦ‬ ‫ ܨܦܪܐ‬M 6f1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) 8a1(vid) ‫ ܘܥܕܡܐ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 ‫ ܠܢܝܚܬܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 Legible 11c1 ends page with Ruth 2:8 ‫ܒܥܙ‬. �‫ ܒܡܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] seyāme 8a1 ‫ ܘܒܘܬܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 ] ‫ ܘܒܘܬ‬7a1 : ‫ ܘܗܘܝܬܝ‬17a1 ̈ 17a1 ‫ ܡܐܢ̈ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ܡܝܐ‬ ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 ] ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬ‬8a1 17a1 ‫ ܝܕܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܝܕܥܐ‬8a1 ‫ ܡܢ ܐܬܡܠܝ ܘܡܢ ܡܬܡܠܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ܡܢ ܐܬܡܠ ܘܡܢ ܡܢܬܡܠ‬

1:21 1:22

25F

2:1,3 2:1 2:3 2:4 2:6 2:7

2:8 2:9 2:11

17a1

2:13 2:14

‫ ܕܐܡܬܟ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܠܬܟ‬6f1 ‫ ܡܢ‬M Lee Urmia] ‫ ܥܡܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ‫ ܒܚܠܒܐ‬M 8a1 17a1 ] �‫ ܒܚ‬6f1 7a1 ̈ ‫ ܦܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ̈ ‫ܠܗ ܐܦ ܡܢ ܒܝܢܬ‬ ܿ ܿ ܿ ‫ ܘܚܠܨܘ‬M (no ‫ܬܗܪܘܢܗ‬ �‫ܠܩܛܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܒܩܘܗ‬ ‫ܟܦܐ‬ ̈ ܿ ܿ ̈ ‫ ܘܫܒܩܘܗ ܠܩܛܐ ܡܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 : support) ] ‫ܒܝܢܬ ܟܦܐ ܘ� ܐܗܪܘܗ‬

2:16

lacking 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܘܬܪܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܘܪܬܬ‬8a1 11c1 becomes legible with ‫ܘܗܘ‬. ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] om 11c1*

2:18 2:19

10

This is at the end of a line; the next begins with a bēth.

xxx

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܘܐܡܪܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܐܡܪܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܠܩܛܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܠܩܛܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܥܝܪܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] seyāme 17a1 ܿ ‫ܟܠܬܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 ‫ ܐܢܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܐܗܪܟܝ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܢܗܪܟܝ‬6f1 7a1 ܿ ‫�ܡ‬ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11 17a1 ] ‫ܗܬܗ‬ ̈ 11c1 (error unless an ‫�ܡܗܬܗ‬ accent/punctuation) ̈ ̈ 6f1 ‫ ܕܣܥ�ܐ ܘܕܚܛܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ܕܚܛܐ ܘܕܣܥ�ܐ‬ ‫ ܡܚܟܘܡܬܢ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܚܟܘܡܬܢ‬6f11 (‫ ܒܚܟܡܘܬܢ‬6f1*) 7a1 ‫ ݄ܗܘ ܗ̇ܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܗ̇ܘ ܗܘ‬7a1 ‫ ܐܕܪܐ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 ‫ �ܕܪܐ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 ̈ ‫ܒܠܒܘܫܝܟܝ‬ M 6f1 8a1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܠܒܘܫܟܝ‬11c1 ‫ ܘܬܩܪܒܝܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܬܬܩܪܒܝܢ‬11c1 ‫ ܕܐܡܪܐ ܐܢܬܝ‬M 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܡܪܐ ܐܢܬ‬11c1* : ‫ ܕܐܡܪܬܝ‬6f1 7a1 ‫ �ܕܪܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܠܒܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܐܬܐ‬M Urmia] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ‫ ܠܟܢܦܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܟܢܦܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ‫ ܢܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܢܕ‬8a1 11c1 legible ends with ‫ܓܒܪܐ‬. ‫ ܕܚܙܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܚܙܐ‬8a1 ‫ ܕܕܡܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܟܐ‬8a1 ‫ ܕܥܬܝܪܝܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕ� ܕܥܬܝ�ܝܢ‬6f1 ‫ ܘܗܫܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܗܫܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܫܪܒܬܐ‬M 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܫܪܒܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 ‫ ܬܒܥ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 ] pr dālath 7a1 ‫ ܢܓܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܢܗܓܐ‬17a1 12 ‫ ܐܢܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܕܐܢ ܗܘ � ܢܬܒܥܟܝ ܐ� ܐܢܐ‬6f1 7a1 ( �‫ܕܐܢ ܗܘ ܕ‬ ‫ )ܢܬܒܥܟܝ ܐ� ܐܢܐ‬8a1 17a1 ‫ ܕܢܓܗܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܕܢܗܓܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܕܐܡܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬17a1

2:20 2:22 2:23 3:2 3:3 3:4 3:5 3:6 3:7 3:8

3:10 3:11 3:12 3:13

27F

3:14 3:17 11 12

8a1 has a large dot on the final hē, which is vocalized as a masc suffix. So also in the following verse.

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xxxi

Legible 11c1 resumes with 3:18 ‫ܚܡܬܗ‬. ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1c 11c1 7a1 ] lacking 8a1* 2o ‫ ܕܝܬܒܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܝܬܒܝܢ‬8a1 17a1 ‫ � ܬܒܥ ܐܢܬ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ‫� ܬܒܥ ܐܢܬ ܐܢܬ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ‬ 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܕܥ‬M 6f1 7a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܘܐܘܕܥ‬8a1 17a1 ‫ ܐܢܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܫܡܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܫܡܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܚܣܝܪܘܬܝ‬8a1 11c1 �‫ ܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] � 17a1 1o ‫ ܘܗܕܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ‫ ܘܗܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܢܦܫܟ‬M 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ‫ ܢܦܫܟ‬7a1 With 4:9 ‫ �ܠܝܡܠܟ‬the legible page in 11c1 ends. ‫ ܕܩܢܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܕܩܢܝܬ ܠܝ‬17a1 1o ‫ ܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܡܕܡ‬17a1 2o M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ‫ ܡܕܡ‬17a1 �‫ ܕ‬M Lee] �‫ ܕ� ܢܬܛܥܐ ܫܡܗ ܕܡܝܬܐ ܘ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܡܪܝܐ �ܗܐ‬8a1 ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬M 6f114 8a1 17a1 ] ‫ ̈ܗܢܝܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܠܟܝ‬M 8a1 17a1 ] lacking 7a1 ܿ ‫ܒܒܬܗ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܪܐ ܠܢܥܡܝ‬ ‫ ܘܐܡܪ ̈ܫ‬M 7a1 (no seyāme) 8a1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܥܘܒܝܕ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܥܘܒܪ‬7a1 8a115 With ‫ ܐܪܡ‬in 4:19 legible 11c1 resumes. ‫ ܥܡܝܢܕܒ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] pr waw 7a1 ‫ ܢܚܫܘܢ‬M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] pr waw 7a1 ‫ ܠܥܘܒܝܕ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܠܥܘܒܪ‬7a1 8a1 11c1 : + ‫ ܡܢ ܪܥܘܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܥܘܒܝܕ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܥܘܒܪ‬7a1 8a1 11c1

ܿ

4:2 4:4

4:5 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:9 4:10 13 4:11 4:14 4:17

30F

4:20 4:21 4:22

8a1 has ‫( ܡܘܐܒܝ‬with a ^ over the last letter) for ‫ ;ܡܘܐܒܝܬܝ‬probably it is an abbreviation at the end of a full line. 14 6f1 is not extant for any further variants in Ruth. 15 A marginal note in 8a1 (associated with this name by a red dot) reads ‫ܗܘܝܘ ܥܘܒܝܕ‬. 13

xxxii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

Susanna 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 Susanna not extant in Lee and Urmia ‫ ܥܡܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6h10 10f1 : + ‫ ܗܘܐ‬6h10 1 10f1 ‫ ܒܒܒܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܒܒܝܠ‬12d2 17a1 ‫ ܫܡܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] + ‫ ܗܘܐ‬10f1 ܿ 2 ‫ ܒܪܬܗ ܕܗܠܩܢܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܪܬܗ ܕܗܠܢܐ‬ 7a1 �‫ ܘܕܚ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] + ‫ ܗܘܬ‬10f1 17a1 ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬6h10 3 1o ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܠܒܪܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 pr ‫ ܗܘܘ‬10f1 16 4 ‫ ܛܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܝܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܝܬ‬7a1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 (‫ ) ̈ܝܘܕܝܐ‬17a1 (‫ ) ̈ܝܘܕܝܐ‬17e1 ] pr ‫ܝܗܘܕܝܐ‬ ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬17a1 ̈ 5 ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ ܒܥܡܐ‬ / ‫ ܬ�ܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] transpose 6h10 ̈ : ‫ ܬ�ܝܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ‬M 8a1 17e1 (8a1 17e1 lacking ‫ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ])ܗܘܘ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 : ‫ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ‬10f1 : lacking 17a1 ‫ �ܫܢܐ ܕܥܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 (… ‫ )�ܝܫܢܐ‬17a1 17e1 ] ‫�ܫܢܐ‬ 6h10 ‫ ܒܫܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܢܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ �ܗܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܘܩ‬6h10 : ‫ܕܡܢܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܢܦܘܩ‬12d2 : ‫ ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܘܩܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܒܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܒܝܠ‬12d2 17a1 6 ‫ ܟܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 (‫)ܟܘܠ‬10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܠ‬12d2 ‫ ܘܡܬܬܕܝܢܝܢ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܘܡܬܕܝܢܝܢ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 : defective ms 10f1 17 7 ‫ ܐܙܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܙܠܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܟܠܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܐܙܠܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܬ‬12d2 32F

16 17

8a1 has an erasure of 2 letters between the nūn and shīn in ‫ܟܢܫܝܢ‬. In 10f1 damage to the right edge of the manuscript causes minor loss to verses 6–9.

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 8 9

xxxiii

̈ ̈ ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܗܢܐ‬17a1 ‫ܡܕܥܗܘܢ ܘܐܪܟܢܘ‬ ‫ ܘܐܬܗܦܟ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܡܕܥ̈ܗܘܢ ܘܪܟܢܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܒܛܘܫܝܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 12d218 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ̇ originally 17e1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1c ] ‫�ܗ‬ ‫ ܘܐܙܠܘ‬M 8a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܘ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 1o ‫ ܠܚܕ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܚܕ‬6f1 6h10 ‫ ܬܡܢ ܘܟܕ ܒܗܬܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܡܕܡ ܕܥܒܕܘ ܚܕ ܠܚܕ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 (but with �‫ ܒܢܟ‬for ‫ ) ܬܡܢ‬12d2 17a1 17e1 (but with �‫ ܒܢܟ‬for ‫] ) ܬܡܢ‬

11 13

3F

14

lacking 10f1 (homeotel) ‫ ܝܬܒܘ ܘܓܠܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܬܒܘ ܓܠܘ‬10f1 : ‫ ܘܝܬܒܘ ܘܓܠܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܐܝܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܝܟܢܐ‬6h10 ܿ ‫ܪܓܘܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܠܡܗܘܐ‬ ܿ ܿ 6h10 ‫ܪܓܘܗ‬ ‫ܥܡܗ‬ ܿ ܿ ‫ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܠܚܘܕܗ‬12d2 ܿ ܿ ‫ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܝܗ‬10f1 : ܿ ‫ ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܗ ܠܢܟܦܬܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܘܟܪܢܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 ] ‫ ܠܕܘܟܪܢܐ‬10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܕܟܠܝܘܡ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܠܝܘܡ‬7a1 ‫ ܐܬܡܠܝ‬M 17e1 ] pr dālath 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2(vid) 17a1 (‫)ܕܐܬܡܠ‬ ‫ ܗܘܐ‬1o M 6f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̈ܗܘܝ‬6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 ‫ ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 : ‫ ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 ܿ ̈ ‫ ܠܛܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 (om diacritical) 10f1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܝܬܗ‬ om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܘܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܙܝܢ‬6f1 ‫ܚܙܝ‬ ‫ ܠܗܘܢ‬M (no support) ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܠܗܢܘܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘ‬12d2 ‫ ܪܗܛܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܪܗܛܘ‬17a1

15

16 17 18

19 18

Possibly the seyāme is partially obliterated; the text is vocalized for the singular.

xxxiv 21 22

23

24 25 26

27 28

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܡܛܠ‬M 6f1 ] pr waw 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܟܠ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܬ�ܝܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܓܝܪ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܢ ܕܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܩܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܩܒ� ܐܢܐ‬6h10 ‫ ܝܐܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܐܝܐ‬7a1 12d2 17a1 ̈ ‫ ܕܓܒ�ܐ‬/ ‫ ܕܫܘܩܪܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܓܒ�ܐ‬ �‫ܥܘ‬ ̈�‫ܥܘ‬6h10 : transpose 10f1 ‫ ܒܝܫܬܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܝܫܘܬܗ‬7a1 �‫ ܒܥܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) : ‫ܒܛܠܘܡܝܐ‬ 17a1

‫ ܩܘܕܡܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܕܡ‬10f1 17a1 ‫ �ܗܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܕܐܦ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܩܥܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܩܥܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܦ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܦ‬8a1 17e1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܒ�ܐ‬10f1 ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ‬ ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 ‫ ܘܥܠܘ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܠܘ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܒܥܓܠ‬M 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ 1o ‫ ܐܢܫܘܬܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢܫܘܬܐ‬6h10 12d2 ‫ ܕܗܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܗܘܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܥܒܪܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬M 6h10 8a1 ] ‫ ܥܒܪܝܢܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܐܕܝܩܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܕܝܩܢܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܐܬܡܨܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ‬17a1 3o ‫ ܟܕ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 6h10 10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܕܝܢ‬M 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 ‫ ܐܬܟܢܫܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܟܢܫ‬6h10 7a1 ‫ ܕܐܢ‬M 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 ܿ ܿ ‫ܕܢܥܫܩܘܢܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1] ‫ ܐܝܟ ܕܢܥܫܩܘܢܝܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܥܘ�ܝܬ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 : ‫ܝܡ ܥܘ�ܝܬ‬ 7a1

29 30 31

‫ ܟܠܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ ‫ܒܬܪܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܬܪܗ‬7a1 10f1 ܿ‫ܝܕܘܥܝܗ‬ ܿ ̈ ‫ ܝܕܥ‬6h10 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܝܗ‬ ‫ ܟܠܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܿ ‫ܒܚܙܘܗ‬ M 6h10 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܚܙܘܐ‬6f1 7a112d2

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xxxv

‫ ܘܡܟܝܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܟܝܟܐ ܗܘܬ‬6h10 ‫ ܦܩܕܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܦܩܕ‬6h10 ܿ ‫ܕܢܓܠܘܢܗ‬ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܓܠܘܢ‬10f1 ܿ‫ ܒܚܙܬܗ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܒܚܙܬܐ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1

32

17e1 ܿ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ܠܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܐܢܫܘܬܗ‬ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢܫܘܬܐ‬6f1 ܿ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬6f1 ‫ ܥܠܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܡܘ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܥܠܝܗ ܫܘܩܪܐ‬ ‫ ܘܐܣܗܕܘ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 12d2 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬12d2c19 ‫ ܕܡܝܟܐ‬M 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܟܐ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1: not legible 12d2 ‫ ܫܩܠܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܪܝܡܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܗܠܟܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܗܠܟܝܢܢ‬6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܘܥܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2(vid) 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠܢ‬6h10 : ‫ ܘܥܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1 17a1 ‫ ܗܘܐ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 ܿ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬10f1 ‫ܠܗ‬ ‫ ܘܕܡܟ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕܡܝܟ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 ‫ ܐܫܟܚܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܫܟܚܢ ܚܢܢ‬6h10 ‫ ܬܪܥܐ‬M 6h10 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 12d2 ‫ ܠܗܕܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܗܕܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܕܡܝܟ ܗܘܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 (‫ )ܕܕܡܟ ܗܘܐ‬17e1 ] ‫ܕܕܡܟ‬ 12d2 ‫ ܡܢܘ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 6f1 ‫ ܥܠܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܕܐ‬12d2 ̈ ‫ܕܠܩܫܝܫܐ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10 ̈‫ ܕܠܕܝܢܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܪܝ̈ܢܐ‬10f1

33 34

34F

35 36 37 38 39 40 20 41

Several words in 12d2 seem to have been reinked in this verse and the next; the original reading is uncertain, but probably, on the basis of space, was that of M. 20 The retracer of 8a1 was especially active in verses 40–51. 19

xxxvi

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܘܠܫܪܒܬܗܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 12d2 ‫ ܘܓܥܬ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܩܥܬ‬6f1

42

The prayer found in M 42f. (for variants see the rest of entries on 42 and 43) ‫ �ܗܐ … ܕܫܐܠܘܢܝ‬is replaced in 10f1 with ‫�ܗܢ ܕܠܥܠܡ‬

̈ ̈ ‫ܟܣܝܬܗ ܕܠܒܐ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܛܫ‬ ‫ܩܝܡ ܘܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܝܕܥ‬ ̈ ̈ ‫ܠܛ�ܝܡܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܕܐ ܕܛܠܘܡܝܗܘܢ ܐܢܬ‬ ‫ܘܝܕܥ ܡܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܥܕ� ܢܗܘܐ ܦܪܩ‬ �‫ܡܪܝ ܝܕܥ ܐܢܬ ܕܒܕ ܓܠܘܬܐ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠ ܐܡܬܟ ܘܗܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܥܘ‬ ‫ܕ� ܥܒܕܬ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝ ܘܚܘܐ ܠܝ ܘܫܕܪ ܠܝ ܦܪܘܩܐ ܡܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܩܕܡܝܟ ܕܢܬܗܝܡܢ ܫܪܪܟ ܠܘܬ‬. ‫ܕܚܠܝܟ‬ ‫ ܕܟܠ ܡܕܡ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܕܟܠܗܝܢ‬6f1 : lacking 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ̈ M 6h10 17e1 ] ‫ܟܣܝܬܐ‬ ̈ 6f1 : ‫ܕܟܣܝܬܐ‬ ̈ 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 ‫ܘܟܣܝܬܐ‬ ̈ 7a1c(vid) 8a1retr 21 12d2 ‫ ̈ܓܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1* 17a1 17e1] ‫ܪܓܠܝܢ‬ ‫ ܐܢܝܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬8a1retr22 ‫ ܥܫܩܘܢܝ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܫܩܘܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܕܗܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬6h10 : lacking23 12d2 ‫ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝ ܗܠܝܢ‬12d2 ‫ ܐ� ܥܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 ] ‫ ܐ� ܐܢ ܥܠ‬6h10 17a1 2o ‫ ܥܒܕܬ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܕܫܘܫܢ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܢܦܩܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܦܩܬ‬6h10 8a1retr 10f1 ‫ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܕܝܫܐ‬7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܗܘܐ ܒܪ ܬܪܬܥܣ�ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ‬M (no support) ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܩܥܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܙܥܩ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܚܣܝ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܓܒ�ܐ ܡܢܐ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ‬ ‫ ܐܢܐ ܡܚܣܝ‬10f1 ܿ 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܕܡܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ܕܡܗ‬ ‫ ܕܗܕܐ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܢܬܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܕܟܝܐ‬M 8a1retr 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܙܟܝܐ‬6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ‫ ܠܘܬܗ‬M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܡܠܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܕܐ‬6h10 ‫ ܕܡܠܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܡܠܠ ܐܢܬ‬6h10 36F

43

37F

38F

44 45

46

47

The retracer’s rīsh looks like a closed/solid waw. There is ample room for ‫ ܐܢܝܢ‬to have been the original reading, although there are no traces of such a reading. 23 But see next item. 21 22

‫‪xxxvii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܟܕ ܗܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1‬ܘܗܘ ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 12d2‬ܗܘܐ ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] add‬ܩܐܡ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬ܥܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 8a1retr 17e1‬ܐܡܪ‬ ‫‪ 6h10 10f1‬ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1retr 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܒܚܙܝܢ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫ܠܒܢܬ … ܠܗܕܐ ‪48–49‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܐܢܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܕܝܢܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܕܚܝܒܬܘܢܗ ܠܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܐܢܬܘܢ ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘ�‬ ‫ܡܥܩܒܝܢ ܿ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܟܕܒܝܢ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܠܗܕܐ‬ ‫ܐܗܦܟܘܗ‬ ‫ܕܬܡܘܬ‬ ‫ܒܪܬ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܣܗܕܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܠܟܘܢ ‪ 6f1 6h10 12d2 17a1 :‬ܟܠܟܘܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܠܟܘܢ ܟܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܚܝܒܬܘܢܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܚܝܒܘܗ ] ‪M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܐܢܫܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܟܢܘܫܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܘܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪ 12d2‬ܬܐܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܒ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ ܗܫܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ ܢܚܙܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܚܘܢ ‪12d2(vid) :‬‬ ‫‪ 12d2‬ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܫܝܫܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܐܡܪ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܗܢܘܢ ]‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1‬ܠܝ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܚܕ ܠܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ ] ‪̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ ܚܕ ‪ 6f1‬ܬ�ܝܢ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܢ ܚܕ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܥܘ� ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܥܘ�‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܐܣܗܕܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1‬ܐܣܗܕܘ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܫܘܩܪܐ‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪ 12d2‬ܕܐܥܬܩܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܥܬܩܬ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1‬ܕܝ̈ܢܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܠܙܕܝܩܐ‬ ‫‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1‬ܠܡܟܝܟܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܠܙܟܝܐ � ܡܙܟܐ ܗܘܝܬ‬ ‫ܘܠܚܝܒܐ ܡܙܟܐ ] ‪M 8a1 (but lacking �) 17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬ܗܘܝܬ ܘܠܙܟܝܐ ܡܚܝܒ ܗܘܝܬ‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1 reads‬ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ … ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܗܘ ܘܫܝܫܐ ‪In place of M‬‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܥܒܕ ܗܘܝܬ ܘܐܡܪ ܐܢܬ ܕܐܠܗܢ ܙܕܝܩ ܗܘ ܘܠܙܕܝ̈ܩܐ � ܡܘܒܕ ܘ�‬ ‫ܕܚܙܝܬܗܿ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܗܘܝܬ ܡܕܡ ܕ�ܚ�ܢܐ ܡܠܦ ܗܘܝܬ ܿܗܫܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܢ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܐܫܟܚܬܗ ܥܡ ܓܒܪܐ ܗܘ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠܗ‬ ‫‪.‬ܠܗܕܐ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܬܚܝܬ ܐܝܢܐ ܐܝܠܢܐ‬ ‫‪For variants among the mss which support M see the entries under verse 49.‬‬ ‫‪For variants among the mss which support M see further under verse 54.‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪xxxviii‬‬

‫‪ 6f1 12d2‬ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܗܕܐ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܗܕܐ ܐܡܪܘ ܠܝ ‪ 6h10 :‬ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪܘ ܠܝ ‪17a1 :‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܡܝܟܝܢ ] ‪ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܟܝܢ‬ ‫‪In place of the entire verse of M 10f1 reads‬‬

‫‪55‬‬

‫ܘܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܕܓܠܬ ܥܠ ܩܪܩܦܬܟ ܶܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܡ�ܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܕܢܦܩܘܢܗ ܠܗܘ‬ ‫ܕܐܠܗܐ ܢܣܒ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܡܢ �ܗܐ ܕܢܦܣܩܟ ܠܬ�ܝܢ‬ ‫‪.‬ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܕܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܩܒܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2(vid) 17e1‬ܕܩܒܠ‬

‫‪56 26‬‬

‫‪In place of the entire verse of M 10f1 reads‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܝܬܘܢ ܠܗܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܿܐܦ ܠܗܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܙܪܥܐ ܕܟܢ̈ ܿܥܢܝܐ ܘ�‬ ‫‪.‬ܫܘܦܪܗ ܕܗܕܐ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܐܛܥܝܟ ܘ�ܓܬܗ ܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܗܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1‬ܠܗܘ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 6h10 17a1‬ܐܦ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1‬ܘܐܦ‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܙܪܥܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܙܪܥܗ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܫܘܦܪܗ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܫܘܦܪܐ‬ ‫‪6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫*‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d21 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 12d2‬ܗܘ‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܕܗܕܐ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܫܥܒܕܟ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܗܕܐ ܫܥܒܕܟ‬ ‫] ‪) 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1‬ܐܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ( ‪ M 6f1 6h10‬ܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ‬

‫‪56 27‬‬

‫‪lacking 17a1‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬ܗܘܝܬܘܢ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܐܢܬܘܢ‬ ‫‪17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 8f1‬ܠܒܝܬ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܠܒܢܬ‬ ‫‪ 8a1retr‬ܘܗܠܝܢ ‪ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 :‬ܘܗܢܝܢ ] ‪ M 17e1‬ܒܕ�‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬‬ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܨܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 6h10 8a1retr 10f1‬ܨܒܝܢܟܘܢ ] ‪M 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 6h10 10f1‬ܒܝܫܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1] seyāme 17e1‬ܕܚܠܬܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 reads‬ܐܢܘܢ ‪ through 62‬ܐܢܬ ܕܝܢ ‪58–62 In place of M 58‬‬

‫ܘ� ܣܒܪܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܕܝܢܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܡܕܪܟ ܠܟܘܢ ܗܫܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܬܚܝܬ‬ ‫ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܐܝ̈ܠܢܐ ܚܙܝܬܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܗܕܐ ܘܠܗܘ ܥܠܝܡܐ ܕܡܡܠܝܢ ܚܕ ܥܡ ܚܕ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܬܚܝܬ ܪܘܡܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܕܓܠܬ ܐܦ ܐܢܬ‬ ‫ܐܚܝܕ‬ ‫ܘܪܘܡܚܐ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܗ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܩܪܩܦܬܟ ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܛܐ ܡ�ܟܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܙܥܩܬ ܿ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܟܠܗ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܕܒܢܝ‬ ‫ܘܢܦܠܓܟ ܠܬ�ܝܢ ܘܢܚܒܠ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܠܬ�ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܟܠ ܕܡܣܒܪ ܒܗ‬ ‫ܟܣܝܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܚܝܠ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܫܒܚܘ �ܠܗܐ ܓ�‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܦܪܩ �ܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܠܘܗܝ ܬܟܝܠܝܢ ܘܝܗܒ ܠܙܟܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܙܟܝܘܬܗ ܘܦܪܥ ܠܥܘ�‬

‫‪For variants among the mss which support M see further under verse 56.‬‬ ‫‪8a1 is extensively reinked between verses 56 and 63.‬‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫‪xxxix‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫ܐܘܪܚܗ ܒܪܝܫܗ ܘܩܡܘ ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܥܠ ܗܢܘܢ ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ̈‬ ‫ܩܫܝܫܐ ܕܕܢ ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܕܡܢ ܦܘܡܗܘܢ ̈ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܫܘܩܪܐ ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ܘܐܬܥܒܕ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ‬ ‫ܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ ܘܘܘ ܒܐܚܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܟܬܝܒ ܒܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܡܘܫܐ ܘܩܛܠܘ ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪.‬ܐܝܟ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܩܪܐ ܘܡܠܠ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܕܡܟܝܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ ] ‪ M 6h10 7a1 8a1retr28 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܕܡܟܝܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ‬

‫‪58‬‬

‫‪6f1‬‬

‫‪ 6f1‬ܥܢܐ ܗܘ ܘܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܥܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ‬ ‫‪ 8a1retr‬ܪܘܚܟܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܠܬ�ܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 8a1retr‬ܘܩܥܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܢܬ‬ ‫‪ …) 8a1‬ܘܐܡܪܬ …( ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1‬ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܒܩ� ܪܒܐ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܐܟܚܕܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1 17e1‬ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܒܩ� ܪܒܐ ܘܐܡܪܘ ] ‪10f1 12d2‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܘܐܡܪܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܕܗܝܡܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܗܝܡܢܘ‬ ‫‪ 6h10 7a1 8a1retr 12d2 17a1‬ܠܡܪܝܐ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܠܡܪܝܐ �ܗܐ ] ‪� M 17e1‬ܠܗܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 8a1 12d2‬ܘܝܗܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 17a1 17e1‬ܕܝܗܒ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܙܟܝܘܬܗ ] ‪ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܙܟܝܘܬܗ‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܠܥܘ�‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10‬ܦܘܪܥܢܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 12d2‬ܕܫܘܫܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܫܘܝܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6h10 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 12d2 17a1‬ܗܘܘ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܨ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1‬ܕܝܢ‬ ‫)‪ 12d2(vid‬ܐܫܬܒܩ ] ‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܫܬܟܚ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬ܒܝܫܐ‬ ‫‪ 6h10 10f1‬ܕܚܣܕܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܣܘܪܚܢܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܗܘܐ ‪1o‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̇‬ ‫ܟ�ܗ‬ ‫ܘܒܥܝܢܝ‬ ‫]‪ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬ܫܪܒܬܐ ܕܫܘܫܢ‬

‫‪59‬‬

‫‪60 29‬‬

‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬

‫‪64‬‬

‫‪om by homoeotel 17e1‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܫܪܒܬܗ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܫܪܒܬܐ‬ ‫‪6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1‬‬ ‫‪17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 6h10‬ܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘܕܝܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬ܕܝܢܐ ܘܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1‬ܒܥܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ] ‪̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܕܬܫܒܚܬܗ‬

‫‪The initial dālath in 8a1retr lacks the diacritical and a yūdh is inserted between the‬‬ ‫‪mīm and kāph).‬‬ ‫‪29 In 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 verse 60 precedes verse 59.‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬

xl

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

Esther 30 6f1(missing 1:1–12) 7a1 8a1 31 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܝܘܡܬܗ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܝܘܡܘܗܝ‬ 10f1 1:1 o 1 ‫ ܕܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 ] ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬17a1 : add ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬17e1 ‫ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬M 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ‬7a1 14/8a1 10f1 ‫ ܗܘܕ‬M 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܝܗܘܕ‬10f1 : ‫ ܗܘܪ‬14/8a1 : ‫ ܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ‬17e1 ‫ ܠܟܘܫ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܟܘܫܝ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܘܥܕܡܐ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܕܡܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܥܣܪܝܢ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܣ�ܝܢ ܘܫܒܥ‬14/8a1 10f1 1:2 ‫ ܗܘܐ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ܿ ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬ 7a1 ‫ ܕܒܫܘܫܢ‬M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܘܫܢ‬7a1 1:3 ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܟܠ‬14/8a1 1o ‫ ܘܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬M 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘ�ܘܪܒܢܘܗܝ‬7a1 17a1 (abbreviated) ‫ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬M 10f1 ] om seyāme 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 1:4 ‫ ܚܘܝ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܚܘܝ ܐܢܘܢ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܘܐܝܩܪܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ‫ ܕܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ‬M 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ‬10f1 14/8a1 17e1 1:5 ‫ ܘܟܕ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܕ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܢܘܢ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܘܟ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܫܬܟܚ‬M 14/8a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܫܬܟܚܘ‬10f1 : ‫ ܕܐܫܬܚܪ‬7a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܡܫܬܝܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ̈ ̈ 1:6 ‫ܘܢܓܝ ̈ܕܢ‬ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܢܓܝܪܢ‬ 14/8a1 ̈ 17a1 : �‫ ̈ܟܠܝ‬14/8a1 ̈ �‫ ܘܐ‬M Lee Urmia] �‫ ܐܘ‬7a1 10f1 17e1 : ��‫ܢܐ‬ ‫ ܟܘܒܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 14/8a1 ‫ ܕܬܟܠܬܐ‬M Urmia] ‫ ܘܬܟܠܬܐ‬7a1 8a1(seyāme) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܘܡܬܝܚܢ‬ M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܡܬܝܚܢ‬ 10f1 Distinctions between ‫( ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬usual in M) and ‫( ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ‬usual in 8a1) are normally ignored in this Appendix. 31 All of Esther 1:1–2:23 is written in a hand identical to that of 8a1retr found in Ruth and Susanna (but will be cited here as 14/8a1); the intensity of the ink varies in the columns but most is as dark as what was reinked in Ruth and Susanna. ‫ ܬܠܬ‬in 1:3 clearly looks like it has been written over a rasura. 30

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

1:7 1:8 1:9

1:10

1:11

xli

‫ ܘܕܐܪܓܘܢܐ‬M 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 : ‫ ܘܐ�ܓܘܢܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܥܡܘܕܐ‬M Lee Urmia] seyāme 7a110f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܕܐܫܟܪܥܐ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܢܐ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܘܥ�ܣܬܐ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠ ܥ�ܣܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܕܣܐܡܐ‬M Lee Urmia] ‫ ܘܕܟܣܦܐ‬7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ �ܡܝܢ‬M 7a1 (om seyāme) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕ�ܡܝܢ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܘܬܫܘܝܬܐ‬ M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܕܫܝܫܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܚܫܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܘܕܫܐܪܝܐ‬M Lee Urmia 17a1 (seyāme) 17e1 (seyāme) ] ‫ ܘܕܫܪܝܐ‬7a1 : ‫ ܘܕܙܚܘܪܝܬܐ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܘܡܫܩܝܢ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] space at the start of the line long

enough for the lemma 14/8a1 ‫ ܕܕܗܒܐ‬M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܒܢܡܘܣܐ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܢܡܘܣ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܠܨ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܨ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܕܟܠ ܐܢܫ‬M Lee Urmia] ‫ ܠܟܠܢܫ‬7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܘܫܬܝ‬M 7a1 17a1 (‫ )ܘܫܬܝ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܦ ܘܫܬܝ‬10f1 : ‫ ܘܩܫܬܝ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܥܒܕܬ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܒܕܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܐܦ ܗܝ‬M Lee Urmia 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ‫ ܒܒܝܬ‬M Lee ] ‫ ܒܝܬ‬7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܚܡܪܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a11 17e1] om 17a1* ‫ ܐܡܪ‬M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܒܙܬܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1 ̈ ‫ ܘܠܗܓܝ ܢܛܪ‬17e1 ‫ ܘܠܪܚܒܘܢܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ‫ܢܫܐ‬ ‫ ܘܠܒܓܬܐ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܝܓܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ �ܒܘܓܬܐ‬7a1 17a1] ‫ ܘ�ܓܒܘܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 : ‫ ܘ�ܓܠܒܥܘܬܐ‬10f1 : ‫ ܘ�ܒܓܘܬܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܘܠܬܪܫ‬M 7a1 17a1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܫܒܥܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܬܪܥ ܫܒܥܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܘܠܙܬܪ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ ܘܠܢܬܪ‬17e1 ‫ ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ‬M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1] ‫ ܕܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ‬17e1 ‫ ܠܘܫܬܝ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܠܩܫܬܝ‬14/8a1 ܿ ‫ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬ M 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܠܡܚܘܝܘ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 ] pr waw 10f1

‫‪xlii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪1:12‬‬

‫‪ M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 14/8a1 (with‬ܘܫܬܝ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬ ‫)ܘܫܬܝ ‪ for‬ܩܫܬܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1 :‬ܒܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 32 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫*‪ 14/8a1‬ܒܬܠܘܐ ‪pr‬‬ ‫‪ M 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1‬ܡܠܟܐ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪̈ M (no support) ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 14/8a1‬ܙܒܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܗܘܐ ] ‪ M 17e1‬ܗܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܢܡܘܣܗ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 17e1 Lee Urmia‬ܢܡܘܣܗ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܕܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܡܪ‬ ‫‪ M 10f1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܘܘ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܟܠ ܿܡܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܠ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 10f1‬ܢ ̈‬ ‫ܡܘܣܐ ܘܕܝܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܘܠܟܠ ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ‬

‫‪1:13‬‬

‫‪1:14‬‬

‫‪14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ ) 14/8a1‬ܒܪܣܝ( ‪ 7a1 10f1‬ܒܪܫܝ ‪ M 6f1 17e1 :‬ܒܪܫ ] )‪ 17a1(vid‬ܒܪܢܫܝ‬ ‫‪) :‬ܒܪܣܝ(‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܣܝܬܪ ‪ 17a1 :‬ܘܐܫܬܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܫܬܪ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܪܡܝܬ ܘܬܪܝ ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17e1 :‬ܘܐܪܡܬ ]‪ 14/8a1 17a1‬ܘܐܪܡܘܬ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܝܬܪ ܘܡܘܣ ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] :‬ܘܡܘܣ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1‬ܘܬܪܫܝܫ‬ ‫ܘܡܣܪܝܐ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܘܡܘܣܪܝܐ ‪ M 14/8a1 17e1 :‬ܘܡܪܣܐ ]‪ 6f1 7a1‬ܘܡܪܣܝܐ‬ ‫)‪17a1(vid‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܡܟܟܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܥܘܟܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܡܕܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܡܕܝ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 :‬ܐܡܪܘ ܡܢܐ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܐܡܪܘ ܕܡܢܐ‬ ‫‪̣ 17e1‬ܐܡܪ ܕܡܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܗܘܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܘܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܠܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a117e1‬ܥܠ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܠ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1 :‬ܘܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ] ‪ M 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܟܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1? 17e1‬ܘܟܕ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1‬ܢܦܩ ] ‪ M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܦܘܩ‬

‫‪.‬ܠܡܥܠ ‪6f1 becomes extant again with Esther 1:12‬‬

‫‪1:15‬‬ ‫‪1:16‬‬

‫‪1:17‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫‪xliii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܕܡܠܟܬܐ ‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :‬ܕܡܠܬܐ ] ‪ M 17e1‬ܘܡܠܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1‬ܗܕܐ‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬‬ ‫ܢܗܘܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܠܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܝ ‪ 14/8a1 :‬ܕܦܪܣ ܘܡܕܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܦܪܣ ܘܕܡܕܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܕܦܪܣ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܦܬܓܡܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܟܠܗ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܟܠܗ ܪܘܓܙܐ ‪ 7a1 :‬ܘܟܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܟܠܗܿ‬ ‫‪ܿ 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܒܣܝܪܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܣܝܪܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܒܪܘܓܙܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܪܘܓܙܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܐܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܘܢܟܬܘܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܬܟܬܒ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܒܢܡܘܣܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܢܡܘܣ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܝ ܘܦܪܣ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܕܡܕܝ ܘܕܦܪܣ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ ܘܦܪܣ‬

‫‪14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܘ� ]‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܕ�‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܕ� ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܬܘܒ �‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] ‪M 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܩܫܬܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܫܬܝ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܡܢܗ ] ‪ܿ M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܡܢܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܠܒܥ̈ܠܝܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܥܝܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܥܝ̈ܢܝ ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܘܕܪܘܪܒܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܪܘܪܒܢܘܗ ] ‪M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1(vid) : lacking‬‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܦܬܓܢܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܡܥܘܟܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܥܘܟܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ‬ ‫‪ܿ 14/8a1‬‬ ‫ܥܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܒܬܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܬܪ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܪܘܚܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܚܡܬܗ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܐܬܕܟܪܗ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܐܬܕܟܪܗ ] ‪M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܠܩܫܬܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܘܫܬܝ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1‬ܡܠܟܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܘܠܡܕܡ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܟܠ ܡܕܡ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܥܠ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܘܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܟܠ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܦܣܩܘ ] ‪ M 10f1 14/8a1‬ܕܦܣܩ‬

‫‪1:18‬‬

‫‪1:19‬‬

‫‪1:20‬‬ ‫‪1:21‬‬

‫‪1:22‬‬ ‫‪2:1‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1c 10f1 14/8a1‬ܠܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 7a1* 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; nearly half a line is left‬ܠܡܠܟܐ‬

‫‪blank 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܒܚܙܘܐ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܒܗܙܘܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܚܙܘܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܦܩܕܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܦܩܘܕ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add‬ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 14/8a1 17e1‬ܒܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫)‪ 10f1*(vid‬ܒܚܙܘܝܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f11 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܚܙܘܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܢܫܐ ܠܘܬ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܡܗܝܡܢܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܗܝܡܢܐ‬ ‫ܢܫܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܛܪ ̈‬ ‫‪ 10f1 : lacking 14/8a1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܢܛܪ ̈‬ ‫ܢܫܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1‬ܘܢܬܠ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 : lacking 14/8a1‬ܬܨܒܝܬܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܥܠܝܡܬܐ ‪ 14/8a1* :‬ܥܠܝܡܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܠܝܡܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1c‬ܕܥܠܝܡܬܐ ‪:‬‬ ‫ܒܥܝܢܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܕܡ‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1 14/8a1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om‬ܘܫܦܪܬ ܡܠܬܐ ܒܥܝܢܝ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܒܫܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܫܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܢܐܝܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܝܐܝܪ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܩܫܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܩܝܫ‬ ‫ܢܐܪܒ ]‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܒܪ ܝܐܝܪ ‪ ...‬ܕܒܢܝܡܝܢ‪ .‬ܕܓܠܝ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܫܡ ܒܪ ܩܝܫ ܡܢ ܫܒܛܐ ܕܓܠܝ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܩܫܬܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܫܬܝ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܥܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܐܓܠܝܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܓܠܝܬ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 14/8a1‬ܕܝܗܘܕܐ‬ ‫ܩܘܒܠܗ ] ‪ܿ M 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܗ‬ ‫‪6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܘܐ ]‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܗܘ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫̇‬ ‫ܩܘܒܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1‬ܚܙܘܗ ] ‪M 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 14/8a1‬ܡܝܬ ] ‪ M 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܝܬܘ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܢܣܒܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1‬ܢܣܒܗ ܠܗ ] ‪M 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫*‪ 14/8a1‬ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1c 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܟܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܟܕ ‪2o‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܬܟܢܫܢ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܐܬܟܢܫ ]‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܘܟܕ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥ�ܝܡܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܬܘܠܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܦܬܘܠܬܐ ‪10f1 14/8a1 :‬‬

‫‪xliv‬‬ ‫‪2:2‬‬

‫‪2:3‬‬

‫‪2:4‬‬

‫‪2:5‬‬ ‫‪2:5–6‬‬ ‫‪2:6‬‬ ‫‪2:7‬‬

‫‪2:8‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xlv

‫ ܐܦ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬/ ‫ ܐܬܕܒܪܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܘܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ܠܒܝܬ ܗܓܝ‬

17e1 ‫ ܢܛܪ‬M 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܓܝ ܢܛܪ‬6f1 7a1 14/8a1 ‫ ܘܣܪܗܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ ܘܣܪܗܒܬ‬17e1 ܿ ̈‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢ̈ܘܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ܘܬܗ‬ 1o ‫ ܠܡܬܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܡܬܠ‬14/8a1 : ‫ ܕܢܬܠ‬17a1 ̇ ‫ ܠܡܬܠ‬... ‫ ܘܠܫܒܥ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om by ‫�ܗ‬ homoeotel 17e1 ‫ ܘܠܫܒܥ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܫܒܥ‬14/8a1 ̈ ̈ ܿ ‫ܥ�ܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܬܗ ܕܙܕܝ̈ܩܢ‬ M 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 7a1 33 : ‫ܥܠܝܡܬܐ ܕܙܕܩܢ‬ ܿ ̈ ̈ 10f1 : ‫ ܥ�ܝܡܬܗ ܕܐܙܠܢ‬14/8a1 ܿ 2o ‫ ܠܗ‬M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬6f1 ̇ ‫ ܘܦܪܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬17e1 ‫�ܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܠܥ�ܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܬܗ‬ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܛܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܬܝܪ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ ܛܒ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ܡܛܘܬܐ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܫܐ‬ ̈ 17e1 ‫ܢܫܐ‬ 2‫ ܡܢ‬M Urmia ] ‫ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܿ M 6f1 17a1 ] ‫ܥܡܗ‬ ܿ 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ‫ܫܡܗ‬ ‫ ]ܬܚܘܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ‫ ܫܪܒܬܟܝ‬17e1 ‫ ܩܕܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ܿ ‫ ܫܪܒܐ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܫܪܒܗ‬ 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܡܬܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܥܒܕ‬10f1 : ‫ ܐܬܐܡܪ‬14/8a1 ܿ 14/8a1 ‫ ܙܒܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܙܒܢܗ‬ ̈ ‫ܥ�ܝܡܬܐ‬ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] either a ‫ ܨ‬for the ‫ ܝܡ‬or a ‫ܠ‬ for the ‫ ܡ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܕܫܠܡܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking, space long enough for the lemma at the start of the line 14/8a1 ̇ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] add ‫ ܠܥܠܝܡܬܐ‬17e1 ‫�ܗ‬ ‫ ̈ܝܘܡܬܐ‬M 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̈ܝܘܡܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 : ‫ ܝܪܚܝܢ‬14/8a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 1o ‫ܕܢܫܐ‬ ̈ 1o ‫ ܝܘܡܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܪܚܝܢ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܕܡܫܚܐ‬M 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܡܫܚܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 ̈ 2o ‫ ܝܘܡܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܪܚܝܢ‬14/8a1

2:9

2:10 2:11 2:12

33

7a1 lacks a diacritical mark on the ‫ ܗ‬suffix.

xlvi

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܕܒܣܡܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܒܒܣܡܐ‬6f1 7a1(vid) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ ܒܒܘܣܡܐ‬10f1 1o ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 �‫ ܥܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] add ‫ ܗܘܬ‬17e1 ‫ ܠܒܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܘܬ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܝܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] lacking 17e1 ‫ ܫܢܓܫܓܫܝܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1] ‫ ܫܒܓܫܝܪ‬10f1 : ‫ ܫܓܥܝܫܝܪ‬14/8a1 : ‫ ܫܓܫܓܫܝܪ‬17e1 ‫ ܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking; blank space at the

2:13 2:14

end of the line adequate for holding the lemma 14/8a1 �‫ ܥܐ‬6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܓ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܨܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 ] ‫ ܨܒܐ ܗܘܐ‬14/8a1 : lacking 17a1 ‫ܒܗ‬ ̇ ‫ ܨܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ ܥܢܐ ̣ܗܘ‬17e1 ‫ܒܗ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ܿ‫ ܘܩܪܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܪܐ‬14/8a1 ܿ ‫ܒܫܡܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܫܡܗ‬10f1 ܿ 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ܙܒܢܗ‬ ܿ ‫ ܕܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 ‫ ܙܒܢܐ‬M 10f1 ] ‫ܙܒܢܗ‬ ‫ ܐܒܝܚܠ‬M 6f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܒܢܚܝܠ‬or ‫ ܐܒܚܝܝܠ‬7a1 : ‫ܐܒܚܝܠܝ‬ or ‫ ܐܒܝܚܠܝ‬14/8a1 ܿ 14/8a1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܗ‬ ‫ � … ܢܛܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; 1 ½ lines are left blank, enough for the lemma 14/8a1 � M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1 ‫ ܐ� ܡܕܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] lacking 17e1 ‫ ܡܗܝܡܢܐ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 �‫ ܫܩ‬M 14/8a1 34 17a1(vid) ] �‫ ܫܩܝ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ‫ ܒܟܠ‬10f1 14/8a1 ‫ܒܥܝܢܝ ܟܠ‬ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ܥܝܢܝ‬ ܿ ‫ܚܙܝ‬ ̈ ) 10f1 14/8a1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ‫ܚܙܝܝܗ‬ ̈ M 7a1 (‫ܚܙ ܿܝܗ‬ ‫ܝܗ‬ ̈ 6f1 ‫ ܘܥܠܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬10f1 14/8a1 (seyāme) ‫ ܕܥܣܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܥܣܝܪܝܐ‬10f1 : ‫ ܥܣܝܪܝܐ‬14/8a1 ܿ ‫ ܘܐܡܠܟܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܐܡܠܟܗ‬ 10f1 14/8a1 ‫ ܘܫܬܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܫܬܝ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܪܘ�ܒܢܘܗܝ ܘܥܒܕ ܡܫܬܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫�ܘܪܒܢܐ ܘܥ̈ܒܕܘܗܝ‬ ‫ ܡܫܬܝܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 ] om seyāme 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1

2:15

2:16 2:17 2:18

34

Perhaps ‫ ܫܩܝܐ‬has been converted to �‫ ܫܩ‬or else ‫ܫܩܐܐ‬.

‫‪xlvii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫ܡܘܗܒܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; space large enough for‬ܕܡܠܟܐ‬

‫‪the lemma 14/8a1‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1‬ܡܚܘܝܐ ܗܘܬ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܡܚܘܝܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܥܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܫܡܗ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܦܘܩܕܢܗ ‪ 6f1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܘܦܘܩܕܢܗ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܦܘܩܕܢܗ‬ ‫‪7a1 :‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܬܝܪܫ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܬܪܫ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܘܒܥܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܗܘܘ ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܡܘܫܛܘ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1 17e1‬ܐܝܕܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܐܝ̈ܕܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܠܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܐܫܬܡܥܬ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܘܐܬܝܕܥܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܓܠܝܬ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܓܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܓ� ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܐܬܥܝܩܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܥܩܒܬ‬ ‫‪ 14/8a1‬ܘܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܫܬܟܚܬ‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1 14/8a1‬ܩܝܣܐ ] )‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 (s.seyāme‬‬ ‫ܙܩܝܦܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܘܐܬܟܬܒܘ ] ‪ M 7a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܟܬܒ‬ ‫‪ M 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܫܪܒܐ ܗܢܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܘܡܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 17e1‬ܡܠ̈ܟܘܬܐ ̈‬ ‫‪̈ 6f1 7a1 10f1‬‬ ‫ܕܝܘܡܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪14/8a1 17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܬܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid)17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܬܪ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܪܝܡܗ ܘܐܪܝܡ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܐܪܝܡ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘ� ܣܓܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܣܓܕ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܕܒܬܪܥܐ ] ‪ M 17a1 17e1‬ܒܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܗܘܘ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܟܠܝܘܡ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܟܠܝܘܡ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܒܟܠܝܘܡ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܢܚܙܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘ� ܣܓܕ ܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܘܐ ܘܣܓܕ ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܐܬܡܠܝ ]‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܘܐܬܡܠܝ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 17a1‬ܕܢܘܒܕ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܗܘܝܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܗܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܐܪܡܝܘ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܐܪܡܝ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡܐ ܚܕ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܥܡܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܡܒܙܩ ܒܝܬ ̈‬ ‫ܥܡܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܒܙܩ‬

‫‪2:20‬‬

‫‪2:21‬‬

‫‪2:22‬‬ ‫‪2:23‬‬

‫‪3:1‬‬ ‫‪3:2‬‬ ‫‪3:3‬‬ ‫‪3:4‬‬

‫‪3:5‬‬ ‫‪3:6‬‬ ‫‪3:7‬‬ ‫‪3:8‬‬

xlviii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

̈ ‫ܢܡܘܣܝܗܘܢ‬ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 : not legible 8a1 ‫ ܥܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܢܫܒܘܩ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܠܡܫܒܩ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܫܦܝܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] pr � 17a1(vid) ‫ ܫܩܠ‬M 17a1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܥܙܩܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܙܩܬܗ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܘܝܗܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܝܗܒܗ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܗܡܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܣܦܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܣܦܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܬܩܪܝ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܘܐܬܩܪܝܘ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܣܦܪܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 1o ‫ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܒܝܘܡܐ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܙܒܢܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܠܪܒ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ܠܪܒܝ‬ ‫ ܕܒܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܒܒܝܠ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] pr lāmadh 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܥܙܩܬܗ‬M Urmia ] ‫ ܒܥܙܩܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܝܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܠܡܚܪܒ ܘܠܡܩܛܠ ܘܠܡܘܒܕܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܡܩܛܠ‬ ‫ ܘܠܡܚܪܒ ܘܠܡܘܒܕܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܝܪܚܐ‬M 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܐܝܪܚ‬6f1 7a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܐܕܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 (‫])ܒܝܪܚ‬ ‫ ܒܬܠܬܥܣܪܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܝܪܚ ܐܕܪ ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 (… ‫ )ܒܐܝܪܚ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ ܒܐܝܪܚ ܐܕܪ‬6f1 35 : ‫ ܒܬܠܬܥܣܪܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܟܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܟܠ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܡܛܝܒܐ‬ M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܡܛܝܒܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܗܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘ‬8a1 ‫ ܡܣܪܗܒܝܢ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܟܕ ܡܣܪܗܒܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܦܬܓܡܐ‬M 7a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫ ܦܬܓܡܐ‬6f1: ‫ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬8a1 : ‫ܒܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬10f1

3:9 3:10 3:11 3:12

3:13

3:14 3:15

This is the reading left in 6f1 after the extensive dittographs in the ms, marked for deletion, are ignored. 35

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

xlix

‫ ܐܟܚܕܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܬܬܦܝܠ‬M 6f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܦܝܠ‬7a1 8a1 17a1 : ‫ ܘܐܬܛܦܝܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܠܝܬ … ܕܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1mg 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1txt

4:1 4:2

(homeotel) ‫ ܡܛܝ‬M Lee Urmia ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܦܬܓܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1(vid) ‫ ܘܡ�ܩܕܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܪܩܘܕܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܟܟ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܡܟܝܟ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ ܡܟܝܟ ܗܘܐ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܠܣܓܝܐܐ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܘܥܠܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠ‬10f1 ܿ ܿ ‫ܕܝܠܗ‬ M 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܗܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 (seyāme) 10f1 (seyāme) 17e1 (seyāme) ܿ ܿ ‫ܘܚܘܝܘܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܚܘܝܗ‬10f1(vid) ‫ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܣܩܐ ܡܢܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܠܗܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗܢܬܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܗܝܡܢܐ‬M 17a1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܕܬܕܥ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܬܕܥܝ‬17a1 : ‫ ܕܢܕܥ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܡܢܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢܐ‬7a1 10f1 ‫ ܘܥܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܡܛܠ‬8a1 17e1 ‫ ܗܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܢܬܢ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܠܫܘܩܐ‬ M 17a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܩܕܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܓܙܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܙܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܝܗܒܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܗܒ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܕܢܚܘܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܢܚܘܝܗ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܠܘܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܕܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܬܒܢܐ‬M 7a1 ] ‫ ܘܬܒܥܐ‬6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܬܬܟܫܦ‬M Urmia ] ‫ ܘܬܬܟܫܦ ܠܗ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 (…‫)ܘܬܬܟܫܦܝ‬ 17e1 ‫ ܗܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܢܬܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܗܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗܢܬܢ‬10f1

4:3

4:4

4:5 36

4:6

4:7 4:8

4:9 4:10 36

In Esther 4:6 10f1 also has the same spelling for this name.

l

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

4:11

‫ ܐܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܘ ܟܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6h1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܡܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܿܡܢ ܡܢ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܐܚܪܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 ] ‫ ܐܚܪܢܝܐ‬8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܐܒܕܐ ܐܢܬܝ‬M 6f1 7a1(‫ )ܐܒܕܐ ܐܢܬ‬8a1 17a1(‫ )ܐܒܕ ܐܢܬܝ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܐܒܕܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܙܒܢܐ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܗܘ ܙܒܢܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܐܬܩܪܝܬܝ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 37 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܐܬܩܪܝܬ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬ‬7a1 : ‫ ܐܬܩܪܝܬܝ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬ‬17e1 ‫ ܐܡܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܡܪܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܫܬܟܚܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܦ ܐܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܝܕܝܢ‬M Lee Urmia ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܢܡܘܣ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܢܡܘܣܝ‬7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܢ‬M Lee Urmia ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܒܝܘܡܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܠܒܫܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1]

4:13 4:14

4:15 4:16

5:1

om by homoeotel 17e1 1o ‫ ܠܘܩܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ‫ ܒܟܘܪܣܝܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܥܠ ܟܘܪܣܝܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܟܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om waw 10f1 ܿ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܚܙܐ‬M 10f1 ] ‫ܚܙܗ‬ 1o ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܝܢ ܡܠܟܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܫܩܠܬ‬M Lee Urmia ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܥܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1 ܿ ‫ܠܦܠܓܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܦܠܓܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܚܙܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܪܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ‫ ܘܢܥܒܕ‬17e1 2o ‫ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܠܟܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܡܫܬܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܢܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܡܢܐ ܗܝ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1

5:2

5:3 5:4 5:5

5:6 38

37 38

The second final yūdh may have been added. Mislabeled 5:5 in Mosul.

‫‪li‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫ܘܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܒܥܘܬܟܝ ܥܕܡܐ ‪ M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] +‬ܠܟܝ ‪1o‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫)‪6f1* (dittography‬‬ ‫ܠܦܠܓܗ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܬܬܝܗܒ ܠܟܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܦܠܓܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܦܠܓܗܿ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17a1‬ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܬܝܗܒ ‪ 17a1 :‬ܬܬܝܗܒܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܬܬܝܗܒ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 8a1 17e1‬ܥܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܥܠܝܟ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1‬ܡܚܪ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܚܙܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܚܙܝܗܝ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܗܡܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܝܬܝ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܐܝܬܝܘ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܘܐܘܪܒܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܐܘܪܒܗ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܪܝܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1‬ܘܐܩܝܡܗ‬ ‫‪ M Lee Urmia ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܠ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܡܫܬܝܐ ܥܡ ] ‪ M 8a1 17a1‬ܥܡ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܫܥܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܫܥܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ � ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ� ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ‪ 8a1 17e1 :‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘ� ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ ‪17a1 :‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ )‪(dittography‬‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܘ� ]‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܕ�‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܬܠܘܢܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܬܠܘܢܝܗܝ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1‬ܠܡܫܬܝܐ ‪ /‬ܥܡ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܥܒܕܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܣܦܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܣܦܪ‬ ‫‪̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1‬‬ ‫ܥܘܗܕܢܐ‬ ‫‪ M 17a1‬ܩܪܝܢ ܩ�ܝ ]‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܩܪܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܓܢܬܢ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܓܬܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܬܝܪܝܫ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܘܬܪܝܫ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܬܪܫ‬ ‫‪̈ 6f1‬‬ ‫ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܗܝܡܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܢ ܢܛ�ܝ ‪ 17a1 :‬ܕܢܛ�ܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܢܛ�ܝ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1‬ܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܘܘ ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܬܥܒܕ ܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܬܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܪܒܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10d1 17e1‬ܘܪܒܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] transpose 17a1‬ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ ‪ /‬ܥܠ ܗܕܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܡܪܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܒܕܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܥܠܝܡܘܗܝ ] ‪M 17a1‬‬ ‫‪ M (no support) ] � 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕ�‬

‫‪5:8‬‬ ‫‪5:9‬‬ ‫‪5:10‬‬ ‫‪5:11‬‬ ‫‪5:12‬‬ ‫‪5:13‬‬

‫‪5:14‬‬ ‫‪6:1‬‬ ‫‪6:2‬‬

‫‪6:3‬‬

lii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

6:4

�‫ ܕܢܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܕܢܬܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܘܪܕܟܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܬܩܢ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܕܬܩܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 (7a1 6:5) ‫ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܡܪܝܢ‬7a1 (7a1 6:6) ‫ ܘ� ܠܡܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܬܥܒܕ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܝܠܝ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܕܠܝ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܠܓܒܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܒܪܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܐܝܩܪܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܗ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܠܒܘܫܐ‬ M 6f1 17a1 ] om seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܕܠܒܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܒܝܫ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܣܘܣܝܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܣܘܣܝܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܪܟܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܪܟܝܒ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܢܬ ܬܣܝܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܬܬܣܝܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܢܠܒܫܝܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܠܒܫܘܢܝܗܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܢܪܟܒܘܢܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܪܟܒܘܢܝܗܝ‬6f1 10f1 ‫ ܘܢܚܕܪܘܢܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܚܕܪܘܢܝܗܝ‬6f1 10f1 ̈ ̈ ̈ ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ‬ M 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܫܘܩܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ‬

6:6 39 6:5 6:7 6:8

6:9

10f1

‫ ܗܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܗܟܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܨܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܨܒܐ ܡܠܟܐ‬17a1 ̈ ‫ܠܒܘܫܐ‬ M 7a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܕܒܪ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܣܒ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܐܟܪܟܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܪܗ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ‬ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܒܝܬܗ‬8a1 17e1 ‫ ܕܓܕܫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܓܕܫܗ‬10f1 �‫ ܕ‬M 6f1 17a1 ] � 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܡܨܐ ܐܢܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܬܡܨܝܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܦܠ ܐܢܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܦܠܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܥܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܟܕ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܛܝܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ �ܗܛܐ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ܡܗܝܡܢܐ‬

6:11

6:12 6:13

6:14

In M 6f1 7a1 (despite how the verses are labelled) 8a1 10f1 the Syriac translation of Esther 6:6 precedes that of 6:5. 39

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

liii

‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܥܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܠܟܐ ܘܗܡܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܡܢ ܘܡܠܟܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܫܐܠܬܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܫܐܠܬܟܝ ܡܠܟܬܐ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܕܢܬܠ‬ ‫ ܠܟܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܒܥܘܬܟܝ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܒܥܘܬܟܝ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܢܬܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܬܝܗܒ‬8a1 ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬M 6f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܠܩܛ� ܘܠܚܪܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܩܛ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܢܗܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢ ܕܢܗܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܕܢܥܒܕ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܠܡܥܒܕ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܚܡܬܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܚܡܬܐ‬8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܡܢ ܡܠܟܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܓܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܘܢܐ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܓܢܬ ܒܝܬܘܢܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1

7:1 7:2

7:3 40 7:4 7:5 7:7 7:8

17e1

‫ ܕܚܡܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܝܬܒܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܬܝܒܐ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܡܠܟܬܐ ܥܡܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1 ‫ ܢܦܩܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܦܩܬܝ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ M 17a1 ] ‫ ܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 �‫ ܠܡܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܥܠܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܩܐܡ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕܩܐܡ‬7a1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܒܝܘܡܐ‬M 17a1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܝܗܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܗܒ‬17a1 : not legible 8a1 ‫ ܥܙܩܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܙܩܬܗ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܘܐܩܝܡܬܗ‬M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܐܩܝܡܬܗ‬ 6f1*

7:9

7:10 8:1 8:2 40

17a1 appears to have ‫( ܐܢܫܟܚܬ‬vid) for ‫ܐܫܟܚܬ‬, surely by error.

‫‪liv‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪8:3‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܒܟܝܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܥܝܐ‬ ‫*‪ܿ 6f1‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܝܫܬܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܝܫܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܡܚܫܒܬܗ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܘܗܝ ܡܚܫܒܬܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܥܝܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫] ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܫܦܪ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ ‪ /‬ܘܐܢ ܐܫܟܚܬ �ܚܡܐ‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܐ ܘܐܢ ‪ by err) :‬ܦܬܓܡܐ ‪transpose 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 (om‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܫܟܚܬ �ܚܡܐ ܒܥܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ ܘܫܦܝܪ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17a1‬ܢܗܦܟ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܢܗܦܟ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1‬ܐܓ�ܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܚܫܒܬܐ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܕܡܚܫܒܬܗ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܗܦܟ ܕܟܬܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܟܬܒ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 by err‬ܠܟܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܟܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :‬ܕܒܟܠ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܒܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܬܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ‬ ‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܫܟܚܢܐ ܠܡܚܙܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܨܝܐ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܚܙܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܡܚܙܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܐܚܙܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܟܬܘܒܘ ܘܚܬܘܡܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܚܬܘܡܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܥܙܩܬܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܥܙܩܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (lacking‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܕܡܬܟܬܒ ܒܫܡ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f141‬ܘܒܛܒܥܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪) 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܡܬܚܬܡ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܬܚܬܡ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17e1 : not legible 8a1‬ܒܥܙܩܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1‬ܒܥܙܩܬܗ‬ ‫‪) 10f1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ�( ‪ 6f1 7a1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ� ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘ�‬

‫‪8:5‬‬

‫‪8:6‬‬ ‫‪8:8‬‬

‫‪56F‬‬

‫‪17a1‬‬

‫‪8a1 10f1 42 17a11‬‬

‫‪8:9‬‬

‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܕܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫‪ 17e‬ܒܝܘܡܐ ]‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1‬ܒܙܒܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܩܕܡܝܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܠܝܬܝܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1‬ܕܗܘ ܚܙܝܪܢ ܒܬܠܬܐ ܥܣ�ܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܝܪܚܐ‬

‫*‪17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17e1c‬ܢܝܣܢ ] *‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a11 17e1‬ܚܙܝܪܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܟܬܒ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܟܬܒܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܡ�ܘܬܐ ܘܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܡ�ܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 10f1‬ܕܡܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܢ‬ ‫‪57F‬‬

‫‪The initial dālath is in the margin.‬‬ ‫‪For 10f1 see the next entry.‬‬

‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬

‫‪lv‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫)‪ 8a1c.mg(vid‬ܗܘܙ ‪ 7a1 :‬ܝܗܘܕ ] ‪) 17a1‬ܗܘܪ ‪ M 6f1 8a1*(vid) 10f1 (else‬ܗܘܕ‬ ‫‪17e1‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܡܫܝܢܬܐ ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr lāmadh 6f1 :‬ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܟܬܒ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܘܐܬܟܬܒܘ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] transpose 17a1‬ܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܚܬܡ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܘܐܬܚܬܡܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܘܫܕܪܘ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܫܕܪ‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬‬ ‫ܐܣܦܘܟܐ‬ ‫‪� 6f1‬ܒܝ ] ‪� M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (pr waw) 17a1 17e1‬ܟܒܝ‬ ‫)‪ 10f1 (inc‬ܘܒܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܟܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܕܝܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܡܚܪܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܡܚܪܒ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1‬ܐܢܫ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܝܘܡܐ ܚܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܚܕ ܝܘܡ‬ ‫ܕܒܟܠܗܘܢ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1mg 17e1‬ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪17a1txt‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܦܪܫܓܢܐ ] ‪) 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܦܘܪܫܓܢܗ( ‪ M 6f1 7a1‬ܘܦܪܫܓܢܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܟܬܝܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܟܬܒܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܙܠ ‪ 7a1 8a1 17e1 :‬ܘܐܙܠܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1‬ܘܐܬܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘ�ܟܒܝ ] ‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܒܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܦܩ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܘܨܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܒܘܨܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܪܓܘܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܩܪܝܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܚܕܝܬ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܚܕܬ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܝܩܪܐ ܘܕܝܨܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10d1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܬܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܬܪ‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫ܘܣܓܝܐܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܣܘܓܐܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܡܬܢܗܬܝܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܡܬܬܘܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܗ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܟܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ 8a1 17e1‬ܕܦܬܓܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܕܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܡܬܥܒܕܘ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܣܒܪܘ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] by err om seyāme 7a1‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܕܝܐ‬

‫‪8:10‬‬

‫‪8:11‬‬

‫‪8:12‬‬ ‫‪8:13‬‬ ‫‪8:14‬‬

‫‪8:15‬‬

‫‪8:16‬‬ ‫‪8:17‬‬

‫‪9:1‬‬

‫‪9:2‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 7a1‬ܒܩܘ�ܝܝܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܩܘ�ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܒܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ ] ‪ M 10f1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1‬ܥܠ‬ ‫] )‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 (seyāme not visible) 17a1 17e1 (om seyāme‬ܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬

‫‪lacking 10f1‬‬ ‫ܘܡ�ܘܬܗܘܢ ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1c ] originally‬ܘܡ�ܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1 : not legible 8a1‬ܠܝܘܕܝܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 17a1‬‬ ‫ܕܝܘܕܝܐ ܘܕܚܠܬܐ ‪ 10f1 : +‬ܕܚܠܬܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܕܚܠܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܝܬ ܡܠܟܐ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܠܘܬ ܡܠܟܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡ�ܟܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܓܒܪܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܓܒܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܥܒܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܥܒܕܘ‬ ‫‪ M Lee Urmia ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܘܒܕܘ ܚܡܫܡܐܐ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܚܡܫܡܐܐ‬ ‫‪ M 17a1‬ܘܠܫܦܝܪܘܬ ‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܦܪܫܝܪܬ ] ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܠܦܫܝܪܘܬ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܘܠܕܝܠܟܘܢ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܘܠܕܠܟܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܕܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M Lee‬ܘܠܦܪܛܠܛ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܘܠܦܘܪܛ ] ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܦܪܠܛ‬ ‫‪Urmia‬‬ ‫‪ M 17a1‬ܘܠܕܝܪܐ ] ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܠܕܝܪܬ‬ ‫‪) :‬ܘܠܦܣܘܬ( ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܠܦܝܣܘܬ ] ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘ�ܦܪܣܡܘܬ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܦܪܫܡܫܬ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܕܣܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܕܝܣܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘ�ܪܕܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘ�ܕܪܝ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܗܡܢ ܒܪ ܗܡܕܬ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܕܗܡܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܒܒܙܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1‬ܘܠܒܙܬܐ‬ ‫)ܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ( ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܒܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܒܗܘ ܝܘܡܐ‬ ‫‪17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܥܠܘ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܘܥܠ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܥܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܫܘܫܢ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܕܒܫܘܫܢ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܒܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪ ܡܠܟܐ ]‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܘܐܡܪ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܥܣ�ܐ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܘܠܥܣܪ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17e1‬ܒܫܪܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1‬ܘܒܫܪܟܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬ܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 10f1 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܡܢܐ ‪1o‬‬

‫‪lvi‬‬

‫‪9:3‬‬

‫‪9:4‬‬ ‫‪9:5‬‬ ‫‪9:6‬‬ ‫‪9:7‬‬ ‫‪9:8‬‬ ‫‪9:9‬‬

‫‪9:10‬‬ ‫‪9:11‬‬

‫‪9:12‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪lvii‬‬

‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܬܝܗܒ ]‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܢܬܥܒܕ‬ ‫)ܬܘܒ ܢܬܥܒܕ ܠܟܝ( ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܢܬܥܒܕ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܢܬܝܗܒ‬

‫‪17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܦ ܡܚܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܚܪ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܫܘܫܢ ‪M (no support) ] add‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܥܒܕܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܥܒܕܘܢ‬ ‫*‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܩܝܣܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܥܒܪܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܥܒܕܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M Lee Urmia ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠ ܩܝܣܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܐܕܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܝܪܚܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 8a1 17e1‬ܒܝܪܚ ‪ 7a1 :‬ܒܐܝܪܚ ] ‪ M 6f1 10f1 17a1‬ܒܝܪܚܐ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܕܪ‬ ‫ܘܝܬܒܝ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܬܒܝ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܗ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪) 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܩܪܒܝܢ( ‪ 6f1 7a1‬ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܕܩܪܝܒܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܕܪܚܝܩܝܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܘܕ�ܚܝܩܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܗܘܢ ܡܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܝܘܡܐ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܠܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܫܕܪܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܢܫܕܪܘܢ‬ ‫)‪ 7a1(vid‬ܕܫܪܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܫܪܝܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 8a143 : uncertain‬ܠܡܥܒܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܡܥܒܕ‬ ‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܛܠ ܕܗܡܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܛܠ ܗܡܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܬܚܫܒ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܕܐܬܚܫܒ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܟܠܗܘܢ ܕܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܐܢܘܢ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܢܬܗܦܟܢ ‪̈ 6f1* :‬‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫ܢܗܦܟܢ ܕܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f11 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܗܦܟܢ‬ ‫ܡܚܫܒܬܗ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫ܡܚܫܒܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܡܢ ܕܐܬܚܫܒ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܕܡܢ ܐܬܚܫܒ‬

‫‪9:13‬‬

‫‪9:14‬‬ ‫‪9:15‬‬ ‫‪9:16‬‬ ‫‪9:17‬‬ ‫‪9:19‬‬ ‫‪9:20‬‬ ‫‪9:21‬‬ ‫‪9:22‬‬ ‫‪9:23‬‬

‫‪58F‬‬

‫‪6f1 and 8a1 have the markings for both dālath and rīsh.‬‬

‫‪9:24‬‬

‫‪9:25‬‬

‫‪43‬‬

‫‪lviii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܢܬܠܘܢܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܬܠܘܢܝܗܝ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 ] seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܝܣܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܪܘ ] ‪ M Lee Urmia‬ܩܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܗܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 10f1 17a1‬ܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܥܡ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܥܠ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking (homeotel) 17a1‬ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܚܙܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 : for 17a1 see‬ܥܠ ܡܕܡ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ ‪1o‬‬

‫‪9:26‬‬

‫‪previous entry‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܡܕܡ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܟܬܝܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܟܬܝܒܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܒܟܘܠܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܟܠ‬ ‫ܝܘܡܬܐ ] ‪̈ M 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬‬ ‫ܘܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1‬ܘܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ܘܩܘ�ܝܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܢܥܒܪ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a144 17e1‬ܘܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ � ܢܥܒܪ ܡܢ ܙܪܥܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܗܢܐ ܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܙܪܥܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܗܠܝܢ ܟܘܠܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܢܫܕܪܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 x17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܫܪܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 x17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1‬ܐܓܪܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܕܦܘ�ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1(vid) : lacking‬ܘܫܕܪ ܐܓ�ܬܐ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܘܫܕܪܘ ܐܓ�ܬܐ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܕܐܝܬ ܒܡܐܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܡܐܐ‬ ‫‪̈ 6f1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 (om seyāme) 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܕܝ̈ܢܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ‪ 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :‬ܕܒܡܠܟܘܬܗ ] ‪ M 7a1‬ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܟܠܢܫ ̈ܝܘܡܬܐ ] ‪̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1‬ܕܦܘ�ܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܐܫܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܐܫܪܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܬܘܒ ‪ 6f1 10f1 : +‬ܘܐܝܟ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܝܟ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܐܫܪܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1‬ܕܐܫܪܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܘܓܙܪܘ ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] +‬ܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܗܢܐ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (seyāme) 17a1 17e1‬ܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫ܘܨܘܡܐ ܘܨ̈ܠܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܨܘܡܗܘܢ ܘܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܐܡ�ܝܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܐܡܪܗܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪.‬ܘܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ ‪17a1 may well have omitted the initial conjunction on‬‬

‫‪9:27‬‬ ‫‪9:28‬‬

‫‪9:29‬‬

‫‪9:30‬‬

‫‪9:31‬‬

‫‪9:32‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

lix

‫ ܐܫܪ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܫܪܘ‬6f1 ‫ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܦܘ�ܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 (no seyāme) 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܬܟܬܒ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܬܟܬܒ‬7a1 : ‫ ܐܬܟܬܒ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܣܦܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܘܟܠ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠ‬6f1(vid) 10f1 ‫ ܘܬܫܒܚܬ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ‫ ܕܐܘܪܒܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕܐܘܪܒܗ‬6f1 ‫ ܒܣܦܪ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܣܦܪ‬7a1 ‫ ܛܒܬܐ ܠܥܡܗ‬M Lee Urmia ] ‫ ܛܒܬܐ ܥܠ ܥܡܗ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ̈ ‫ ܕܢܣܓܘܢ‬10f1 : ‫ܛܒܬܐ ܥܠ ܠܥܡܗ‬ ‫ܐܚܘܗܝ ܘܨܒܐ ܥܠ ܥܡܗ ܛܒܬܐ‬

10:1 10:2

10:3

17a1(vid) ‫ ܫܠܡܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 7a1 17a1 Subscription ‫ ܫܠܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ‫ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ‬10f1 : ‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ‬ subscription after 10:3 M)

ܿ ‫ܢܨܚ‬ ̈ ‫ܫܠܡ ܠܡܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܢܝܗ‬ [‫ ]ܫܠܡ‬17a1 45 (No 60F

Judith 6f1 (missing 15:9–16:5) 46 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 Judith not extant in Lee and Urmia ‫ ܬܪܬܥܣ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ‬17a1 1:1 1o ‫ ܕܐܡܠܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܠܟ‬17a1 ‫ ܒܩܦ�ܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܦܢܦ�ܢ‬17a1 1:2 ‫ ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕ� ܠܩܦ�ܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1mg (‫)ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕ� ܒܩܦ�ܢ‬ 17a1 (‫ ) … ܒܦܢܦ�ܢ‬17e1 ] lacking 10f1txt (homeotel) ܿ ‫ܘܐܚܕܪܗ‬ M (no support) ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܪܗ‬6f1(vid) 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܿ‫ ܦܬܝܗ‬M 6f1 (‫ )ܦܬܝܗ‬7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܦܬܝܐ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ܘܐܘܪܟܗ‬ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܘܪܟܗ‬6f1 ̈ 1:3 �‫ ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕ‬M 6f1 (om seyāme) 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘܡܓܕ‬10f1 17a1 (om waw) ‫ ܕܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1 1:4 ‫ ܠܡܦܩܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܦܩܢܐ‬10f1 1:5 ‫ ܗܢܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܠܟܐ‬M 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 45 46

The first word of the subscription in 17a1 is obliterated. The List, 20, claims instead that Judith 15:8–16:2 is missing.

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 10f1* : not legible 8a1‬ܐܦܟܫܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f11 17a1 17e1‬ܐܪܦܟܫܪ‬ ‫‪� 10f1‬ܘܪܥܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܩܘܒܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܡܘ�ܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡ�ܝ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1‬ܛܘ�ܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܥܡ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠ ‪1o‬‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡܘ�ܐ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܠܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܥܠ ܟܠ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܒܥܒܪܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܕܒܥܒܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܕܒܒܛܢܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܕܒܛܢܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܕܟܠܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܟܠܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܩܕܫ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܕܩܕܫ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܘܠܕܪܥܡܣܝܣ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܪܥܡܣܝܣ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܠܟܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܠܟܠܗ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܠܨܥܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܨܥܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1 : lacking 17e1‬ܡܛܠܗܕܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܗܕܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܕܢܬܒܥ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܕܢܬܬܒܥ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܕܩܝܠܝܩܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܡܩܛܠܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܡܩܛܠܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܟܝܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܥܡܘ�ܐ‬ ‫‪17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܥܡܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܡܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܟܠ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܠܟܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܟܠܗ‬ ‫‪17a1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 10f1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܡܛܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܛܝ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫ܠܫܛܚܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܫܠܝܛܢܝܗܘܢ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܥܒܕܘ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܥܒܕܗ ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1 :‬ܥܒܕܗܿ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܓܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1‬ܪܓܘ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܒܪܘܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1(vid) 7a1 8a1(vid)17a1‬ܒܪܘܡܗ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܚܝܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܣܓܝܐܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܣܘܓܐܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܗܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܗܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܡܬܬܒܥܘ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܠܡܬܒܥ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1‬ܐܦ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 (possibly seyāme) 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܐܢܫܐ ] ‪̈ M 17a1‬‬ ‫ܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܫܠܡܘ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :‬ܫܠܡ ܪܥܝܢܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 17a1‬ܫܠܡܘ �ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܘܘ �ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ‬

‫‪lx‬‬ ‫‪1:6‬‬ ‫‪1:7‬‬ ‫‪1:9‬‬

‫‪1:11‬‬ ‫‪1:12‬‬

‫‪1:13‬‬ ‫‪1:14‬‬

‫‪1:15‬‬ ‫‪1:16‬‬ ‫‪2:1‬‬ ‫‪2:3‬‬ ‫‪2:4‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 2:5 2:6 2:7

lxi

(7a1 2:6) ‫ ܥܡ �ܟܒܝܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕ�ܟܒܝܗܘܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܣܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܣܩܘ‬17a1 : ‫ ܘܬܦܘܩ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܙܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܒܙܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 : �‫ ܘܠܚܝ‬17a1 ��‫ܠܚ‬ ‫ ܘܢܗܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘܢܚ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܓܪܦ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܓܪܘܦ‬10f1 : ‫ ܢܓܪܦ‬17a1 : ‫ ܢܓܕܦ‬7a1 ̈ ̈ 2o ‫ܩܛܝ�ܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܩܛܝ�ܝܗܘܢ‬ 10f1 �‫ ܢܬܡ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 7a1 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܒܕܪ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܕܒܪ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܐܢ‬M 6f1 47 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܢ ܗܘ ܕܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܫܠܡܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܫܠܡܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܝܘܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1txt 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ̈ ‫ ܡܢ ܟܠ‬10f1mg ‫ܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ �‫ ܬܫܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܬܫܬܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܝܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܝܟ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܝܠܗ‬17a1 ��‫ܚ‬ �‫ ܕܚܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 : ‫ ܕܡܠܟܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܓܒ�ܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܒ�ܐ‬7a1 ̈ ‫ܫܕܝܝ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܕܝܢ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ ܒܩܫܬܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܩܫܬܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܗܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܕܒܪ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕܒܪܘ‬6f1 10f1 ‫ ܬܘܪܣܝܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܪܣܝܗܘܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܥܢ̈ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1c(vid) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܡܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ‬ 8a1* ‫ ܘܟܣܦܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦ ܟܣܦܐ‬10f1 : ‫ ܘܣܐܡܐ‬17a1 ̈ 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܦܐ‬ ‫ܐܦܝ ܿܗ‬ ̈ ‫ ܘܒ�ܓܠܝܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 7a1(vid) ‫ܓܒܝܐ‬ ‫ ܣܓܝܐܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܣܘܓܐܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 �‫ ܙܚ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܚ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܢܦܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܦܩܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܬܠܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܠܬܝܢ‬10f1

2:8

2:9 2:10 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:17

2:18 2:19 2:20 2:21

47

In 6f1 at the end of one page and start of the next.

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬ ‫‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking‬‬ ‫‪(homeotel) 10f1‬‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1‬ܛܘܪܐ‬ ‫‪) ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܐܓܥܐ ‪ M 10f1 (err‬ܕܐܓܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܫܩܠܘ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܘܐܫܩܠ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܫܩܠ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܫܒܘܗܝ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܫܒܘ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܒܡܕܒܪܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܠܟܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܟܠܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܟܠܗ ‪10f1 :‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܘܥܒܪܘ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܒܪ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܕܡܢ ܬܝܡܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܕܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫*‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܚܕܘ ] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1c‬ܘܐܚܕ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܠܩܘܒܠܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܩܘܒܠܗ‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܕܡܐ ܠܬܚܘܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܬܚܘܡܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܪܒܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܪܒ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܐܬܟܪܟܘ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܟܪܟ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܫܒܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܚܬܘ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܘܢܚܬ‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1‬‬ ‫ܚܩܠܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܪܕܘ ܠܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܪܘ‬ ‫‪̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬‬ ‫ܦܩܥܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1(vid) 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܡ�ܒܥܐ‬ ‫‪ 8a1 17e1‬ܒܨܘܪ ‪ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 :‬ܘܒܨܘܪ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܣܘܪܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 :‬ܚܢܢ ‪ 6f1 7a1c(vid) 17e1 :‬ܐܡܪܝܢ ܚܢܢ ] )‪ M 7a1*(vid‬ܐܡܪܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1 : not legible 8a1‬ܐܡܪܝܢܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17a1‬ܩܝܡܝܢܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܩܝܡܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫ܚܩܠܬܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܘܟܠ ̈‬ ‫ܘܚܩܠܬܢ ‪ 6f1 17a1 :‬ܘܥܠ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܚܩܠܬܢ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܥܒܕܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܥܒܘܪܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܪܒܥܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܥܡܪܐ‬ ‫*‪̈ 10f1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫ܒܥܝܢܝܟ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1c‬ܠܟ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܐ ] ‪̈ M 8a1 17e1‬ܡ�‬ ‫‪6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܢܚܬܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܢܚܬ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬ ‫‪17a1‬ܘܕܒܪܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܕܒܪ‬

‫‪lxii‬‬

‫ܘܫܪܘ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܒܝܬ ܩܛܝܠܬ‬

‫‪2:22‬‬ ‫‪2:23‬‬ ‫‪2:24‬‬ ‫‪2:25‬‬

‫‪2:26‬‬ ‫‪2:27‬‬

‫‪2:28‬‬ ‫‪3:2‬‬ ‫‪3:3‬‬

‫‪3:5‬‬ ‫‪3:6‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

lxiii

‫ ܥܕܪܐ‬M 8a1 10f1(vid) 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 17a1 ‫ ܘܒܦܠܓܐ‬M (no support) ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 (om bēth) 17a1

3:7

17e1

3:8

‫ ܘܥܩܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܩܪܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܟܠܗܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܟܠ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ‫ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܦܣܩ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܦܣܩܘ‬7a1 17a1 ‫ ܗܘܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫�ܗܝܗ‬ ̈ 10f1 ‫�ܗܐ‬ ‫ ܘܢܩܪܘܢܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܩܪܘܢܝܗܝ‬10f1 ‫ �ܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬6f1 17a1 : ‫ �ܗܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܘܬܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܬܢ‬7a1 : ‫ ܪܘܬܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܝܗܘܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܝܗܘܕܐ‬10f1 �‫ ܚܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܝܠܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܥ̈ܡܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܢܣܒ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܣܒܘ‬7a1 10f1 ‫ ܘܝܗܒ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܗܒܘ‬7a1 ‫ ܐܬܟܢܫ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܟܢܫܘ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܠܟܟܪ‬M 6f148 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܟܘܒܪ‬10f1(vid) ‫ ܘ�ܘܠܘܢ̈ܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܓܠܝܡ‬M 6f11 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] 49 ‫ ܓܠܝܡ‬6f1*: ‫ ܕܥܝܠܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܢܘܢ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢ̈ܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 : ‫ ܐܢܫ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܗܟܝܠ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܟܝܠ‬7a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ‫ܒܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫ ܗܢܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܒܐܪܫܠܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܥܡܘ�ܐ ܕܒܝܬ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܒܝܬ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܘܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܘܬܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܚܘܕܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܚܘܕ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܛܘܪܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 ‫ ܡܥܠܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܥܢܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1

3:9 4:1

4:3 4:4 4:5 4:6

4:7

A proper name; it looks like the second kāph (or first rīsh) has been converted to a rīsh or bēth. There certainly are the markings for two rīsh. 49 The ‫ ܓ‬in 6f1 looks very much like an ‫ ;ܥ‬perhaps it is an ‫ ܥ‬corrected to ‫ܓ‬. 48

lxiv

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

4:8 4:9 4:11 4:12

4:13 4:14 50 4:15 5:1 5:3

5:4 5:5 5:6 5:7 5:8

̈ M (no support) ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ܣܒܐ‬ ‫ ܘܟܠܗ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܟܠܗ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܢܦܫܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܥܡܘܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1(vid) ‫ ܓܒܪܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܝܠܘܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܠܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܘܩܘܕܫܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܩܘܕܫܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܘܠܚܣܕܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘܠܚܣܕܐ ܘܠܚܒ‬6f1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܠܥܡܡܐ‬ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܥܡܡܐ‬6f1 10f1 ̈ ‫ܐܘܠܨܢܝܗܘܢ‬ M 6f1 8a1 7a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܘܠܨܢܗܘܢ‬10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܡܩܪܒܝܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܩܪܒܝܢ‬6f1 ‫ ܪܡܐ‬M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܪܡܐ‬6f1 7a1 : + ‫ ܗܘܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܠܘܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܛܒ‬M 6f1 8a1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܛܒ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܛܘ�ܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܘܐܥܫܢܘ‬M 8a1c (inconclusive) 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܫܢܘ‬6f1 7a1 8a1* 17a1 ‫ ܒܛܘܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̈ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ ܘܒܡܢܘ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 ( … ‫ )… ܘܡܢܐ‬8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ‬10f1 (homeotel) ‫ ܒܡܥ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܡܥܪܒܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܥܡܘܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡܗܘܢ‬7a1 �‫ ܘ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܡܛܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠ‬17e1 ‫ ܘܝܬܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܬܒܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘܘ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫�ܗܐ‬ ‫ ܘܣܓܕܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܗܘܘ ܡܝܩܪܝܢ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܘܣܓܕܘ‬ 17a1 51

5:9

‫ ܝܪܬܘܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 17a1 6F

A late hand, perhaps that of 14/8a1, has put ‫ ܐܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬into the margin, perhaps as an alternative to ‫ܥܠ ܟܠܘܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬. 51 The added phrase in 17a1 is mechanically copied from the previous verse. 50

‫‪lxv‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܠܡܐܙܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܡܐܙܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܒܣܐܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܟܣܦܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܘܒܒܥܝܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܚܬܘ ܗܘܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܢܚܬܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܘܡܢܝܢ ܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܡܢܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܘܘ ܡܨ�ܝܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܨ�ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܥܒܕܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܥܒܕܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܚܘܘܬܐ ] ‪̈ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܚܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܚܘܬܐ ‪7a1 :‬‬ ‫ܪܘ�ܒܬܐ ‪10f1 : +‬‬

‫‪14/8a1mg‬‬ ‫‪� 10f1‬ܗܗܘܢ ] ‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܛܘܪ ] ‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܪܚܐ ܕܛܘܪ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 : not legible 8a1‬ܘܐܦܩ ] ‪ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܝܪܬܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܝܪܬܘ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1(vid) 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܛܘܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 17a1‬ܘܐܦܩ ] ‪ M 7a1 x10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܦܩܘ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܠܚܘܝܐ‬ ‫‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪̈ 17a1‬‬ ‫ܒܝܘܡܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫‪� 10f1‬ܠܗܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܕܡ �ܗܗܘܢ‬ ‫*‪ 17e1‬ܣܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1c‬ܕܣܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܐܘܒܕܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܒܕܘ‬ ‫‪ 8a1 17e1‬ܘܐܫܬܕܝܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܐܫܬܒܝܘ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1‬ܘܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ‬ ‫ܐܬܬܚܕ ܡܢ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܬܬܚܕܬ ܡܢ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܗܫܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܗܫܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܐܬܦܢܝܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܬܦܢܝܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܬܟܢܫܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 7a1‬ܗܫܐ‬ ‫)�ܬܘܩܠܬܐ( ‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1‬ܠܬܘܩܠܬܐ ] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܬܘܩܠܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1‬ܡܫܟܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1‬ܘܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܥܡܘ�ܐ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܠܡܦܩܘܬܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܡܦܣܩܘܬܗ‬ ‫‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܚܝܘܕ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕ� ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܐܡܪܘ �‬ ‫‪ 7a1 10f1‬ܕܚܠܝܢܢ ‪ 6f1 17a1 :‬ܕܚܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܕܚܠܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬ ‫‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܚܝܘܕ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1‬ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ‬

‫‪5:10‬‬ ‫‪5:11‬‬ ‫‪5:12‬‬ ‫‪5:13‬‬ ‫‪5:14‬‬ ‫‪5:15‬‬ ‫‪5:16‬‬ ‫‪5:17‬‬ ‫‪5:18‬‬

‫‪5:19‬‬ ‫‪5:20‬‬ ‫‪5:22‬‬

‫‪5:23‬‬ ‫‪6:1‬‬

lxvi

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

6:2

̈ 10f1 ‫ ܕܥܡܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܥܡܗܘܢ‬6f1 17a1 : ‫ܕܒܢܝ ܥܡܘܢ‬ 2o ‫ ܠܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 �‫ ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐ� ܐܢ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ܐܦܝ‬ ̈ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܢ‬ (7a1 6:3) ‫ܐܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ‬ 17a1

6:3 6:4 52

‫ ܕ�ܟܫܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1 17a1 : ‫ ܕ�ܟܫܝܢ‬10f1 ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܫܠܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬M 6f153 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܡܝܬܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܥܩܒܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1* 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܪܝܒܬܐ‬10f11 ‫ ܕ�ܓܠܝܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܪܓܠܗܘܢ‬10f1 ܿ 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܡܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ܡܪܗ‬ 2o �‫ ܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] �‫ ܕ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܥܡܘܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܥܡܗܘܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܬܬܚܙܐ ܠܝ‬M 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܚܙܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1*(vid) 10f1 17a1̈ : ‫ ܬܬܚܙܝܢܝ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦܝ ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܚܝܠܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܝܠܝ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܕܦܢܟ‬7a1 ‫ܒܕܦܢܬܟ‬ ‫ ܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܣܩܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܬܐܒܕ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܐܒܕ ܝܘܡܢܐ‬7a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܚܙܝܟ‬7a1 ‫ܢܚܙܝܢ‬ ‫ ܒܛܒܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 : ‫ ܛܒܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܡܫܟܢܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܡܫܟܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܢܐܚܕܘܢܝܗܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܐܚܕܘܢܗ‬7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܢܘܒܠܘܢܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܘܒܠܘܢܝܗܝ‬6f1 ‫ ܘܐܚܕܘܗܝ ܓܒ�ܐ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܗ ܓܒܪܐ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܦܩܘܗܝ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܦܩܗ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 �‫ ܠܚܩ‬M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܠܢܚ‬or more likely �‫ ܠܚܝ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗܝ‬M 8a1* 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܘܒܠܗ‬6f1 7a1 14/8a1 (‫)ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗ‬

6:5 6:6 6:7 6:8 6:9 6:10 6:11

17a1

‫ ܘܐܙܠܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܙܠ‬17a1

A number of words between Judith 6:4 and 8:10 have been reinked. Such places will ̈ be cited as 14/8a1 unless a change from 8a1 is impossible. Part of ‫ ܢܬܡܠܝܢ‬in 6:4 has been reinked; what looks like an unreinked waw is probably all that survives of an original taw; there is room for a now invisible nūn. 53 By error, and immediately marked for deletion, 6f1 added ‫ܘ� ܬܩܘܡ‬, and in 6:4 after ܿ ‫ ܐܪܥܐ‬added ‫ܕܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܢܗܦܟܘܢ ܐܡܪ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܪܐ‬, also immediately marked for deletion. 52

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 6:12

lxvii

‫ ܠ�ܫܝ ܛܘ�ܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܪܝܫ ܛܘ�ܐ‬6f1 7a1 (om seyāme) 10f1(vid om

seyāme) 17a1 (om seyāme) ܿ ܿ ‫ܘܐܚܕܘܗ‬ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 (‫ )ܘܐܚܕܘܗ‬17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܘܢܗ‬7a1 ‫ ܥܬܢܐܝܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܢܐܝܠ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܝܫܐܝܠ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 (‫ )ܡܢܫܐܝܠ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܡܫܐܝܠ‬6f1 ‫ ܟܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܩܝܡܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܘ ܐܩܝܡܘܗܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܥܡܐ ܟܠܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܘܕܐܬܪܘܪܒ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܪܘܪܒ‬6f1 17a1 : ‫ ܕܐܬܪܘܪܒ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܝܬ‬M 7a1 8a1* 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܒܝܬ‬6f1 14/8a1 ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܡܘܟܟܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܡܟܝܟܐ‬ ‫ ܘܚܘܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܘܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܕܒܪܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܕܒܪ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܐܬܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡ ܕܐܬܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܥܡܗ ܠܥܕܪܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܥܘܪܪܢܗ‬10f154 ‫ ܡܣܩܢܐ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 17a1 ‫ ܘܫܩܠܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܫܩܠܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܝܩܪܬܗܘܢ ܘܣܛܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܣܛܪ‬10f1 (homeotel) ‫ ܐܢܫܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1 ‫ �ܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܒܘܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܩܪܡܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܚܪܡܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܠܘܩܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܘܩܒܠ‬17a1 ‫ ܐܬܕܠܚܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܚܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ܐܦܝ‬ ‫ ܘܐܦ� ܛܘ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦ � ܛܘ�ܐ‬10f1 ‫ �ܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ �‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 : �‫ܢܚ‬ ̈ �‫ ܐܦ‬10f1 �‫ܢܚ‬ ‫ ܘܐܦ� �ܡܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦ� �ܡܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܝܘܩܪܗܘܢ‬M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܘܩܪܢܗܘܢ‬6f1 7a1 ‫ ܘܫܩܠܘ‬M 6f155 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܫܩܠ‬10f1

6:15 6:16 6:17 6:19 6:21 7:1

69F

7:2

7:3 7:4

7:5 54 55

scribe.

Presumably a spelling error for ‫ܠܥܘܕܪܢܗ‬. In 6f1 more than half a line has been totally defaced, probably not by the original

lxviii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

̈ �‫ ܒܡܓܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܟܠܗ ܠܝܐ ܗܘ‬M 6f1*( vid) 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1

] deliberately obliterated 6f1c ‫ ܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܡܣܩܢܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ‫ ܘܩܪܒܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܩܪܒ‬10f1 ̈ ̈ ‫ ܫܠܝܛܐ‬M 7a1 14/8a1 ] ‫ ܫܠܝܛܢܐ‬6f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܒܚܝܠܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܥܡܟ‬17a1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 17a1 ‫ܢܝܙܟܐ‬ ‫ ܪܘܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 ̈ ‫ ܠ�ܝܫܝܗܘܢ‬6f1 7a1 (‫ܕܛܘܪܐ‬ ̈ ‫)ܠ�ܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܛܘ�ܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܛܘܪܐ‬ 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܡܬܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܡܫܬܥܒܕ‬17e1 ‫ ܓܒܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܒܪ‬10f1 : ‫ ܓܒ�ܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܒܡܫܪܝܬܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܡܫܟܢܟ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܛܪ‬M 6f1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܛܪ‬7a1 ‫ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܘܢܫܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܫܕܐ‬17a1(vid) ‫ ܘܢܦܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܦܠܘܢ‬10f1 ̈ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܫܘܩܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ‬ 10f1 56 ‫ ܘܣܠܩܬ‬M 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܫܩܠܬ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ‬ ̈ 10f1* 1o ‫ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ‬ ̈ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܘܪ‬17a1 2o ‫ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ‬ ‫ ܒܛܘܪܐ ܕܠܘܩܒܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܛܘ�ܐ ܠܘܩܒܠ‬17a1 ‫ ܥܩܪܒܬ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 (‫ )ܥܩܪܒܝܬ‬17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܩܪܒܘܬ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܣܓܝܐܝܢ‬M 17a1 17e1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ‫ ܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܚܕܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܚܕܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܩܘܝ‬M 8a1* (vid) 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܩܘܝܘ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 �‫ �ܓ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܓܠܝܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 : inconclusive 17a1 1o ‫ ܐܫܬܚܪܘ‬M 6f1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܫܬܚܪ‬7a1 � M (no support) ] �‫ ܕ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 : �‫ ܡܛܠ ܕ‬10f1 : not legible 8a1 : �‫ ܘ‬17e1

7:6 7:8 7:9 7:10

7:11 7:12 7:13 7:14 7:17 7:18

7:19 7:20 7:21

The (14/8a1). 56

‫ ܘ‬currently at the end of ‫ܕܐܡܪܘ‬

and the following

‫ ܘܣ‬derive from the retracer

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 7:22

lxix

‫ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܘܒܡܥ̈ܠܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܘܥܢܘ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܓܥܘ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 1o ‫ ܠܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܒܐܝܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝܟܘܢ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܬܐܚܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܬܚܐ‬17a1 �‫ ܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܕ‬17a1 ̈ ‫ ܘܝܠܘܕܝ̈ܢ‬M 7a1 ] ‫ܘܝ�ܘܕܐ‬ 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܘܕܒܢܝܢ‬ ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܘܕܒܢܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܕܒܢܬܢ‬ ‫ ܘܡܣܗܕܝܢ ܚܢܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܣܗܕܝܢܢ‬7a1 17a1 : ‫ ܡܣܗܕܝܢܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܟܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ‬M 6f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܒܟܬܐ‬7a1 8a1 17e1 : ‫ ܒܥܘܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܪܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܒܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܬܪܣܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܠܒܒܘ‬10f1 ̈ 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܚܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܚܝ‬ ‫ �ܗܢ‬M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬7a1 ‫ ܠܚܪܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܚܪܝܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܕܒܪܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܒܕܪܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܠܫܘ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܗܢܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܪܪܝ‬M 6f157 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܪܕܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܪ ܥܘܙܝܠ ܒܪ �ܩܢܐ ܒܪ ܚܢܢ ܒܪ ܓܒܥܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ]

7:23 7:25 7:27

7:28 7:29 7:30

7:32 8:1

lacking 10f1 (homeotel) ‫ ܫܠܡܘܐܝܠ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܫܡܘܐܝܠ‬6f1 17a1 : ‫ ܫܠܘܡܐܝܠ‬7a1 ‫ ܕܩܐܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠ ܕܩܐܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܕܝܢܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܣܩܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܘܠܒܫܐ‬M 8a1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܒܝܫܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܚܙܘܬܐ‬ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 (‫ܘܚܘܕܬܐ‬ ̈ 10f1 ‫ܘܚܕܘܬܐ‬ 1o ‫ ܘܗܘܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܗܘܬ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ܒܚܙܘܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܚܙܘܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܝܐܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܐܝܐ‬17a1 : ‫ ܘܝܐܐ ܗܘܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܣܟܘܠܬܢܝܐ‬M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr ‫ ܘܗܘܬ‬6f1* 58

8:3 8:5 8:6 8:7

73F

Possibly 6f1* had small dot for a dālath. 57

‫ ܡܪܕܝ‬which was immediately corrected with a dash obliterating a

lxx

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܡܛܠ ܕܫܒܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܫܒܩ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܗܒܐ ܘܟܣܦܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܣܦܐ ܘܕܗܒܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܒܥܝܪܐ ܘܩܘ�ܝܐ‬M 7a1 (seyāmes on both nouns) 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ]

8:9

8:10

8:11 59

8:12 8:13 8:14

transpose 6f1(seyāmes on both nouns) ‫ ܒܝܫܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܕܥܩܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܬܬܝܥܩܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܨܬܬ‬M 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܨܬ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܝܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1* 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ ܘܝܡܐ‬8a1c ‫ ܫܬܐ‬M 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܡܫܐ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܢܫܠܡܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܫܠܡܝܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬M 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1(vid seyāme) 8a1 17a1 ܿ ܿ ܿ ‫ܦܪܣܛܘܝܬܗ‬ M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܦܪܣܬܘܝܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 : ‫ܦܪܣܛܝܘܬܗ‬ 17a1 ‫ ܒܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܠܥܘܙܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܚܒܪܝ‬17a1 ‫ ܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡܘ�ܐ‬7a1 ‫ ܗܘܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܦܬܓܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܗܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܘܡܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܐܝܡܘ ܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ ܘ�ܠܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ �ܠܗܐ‬10f1 ‫�ܗܢ ܠܥܕܪܢ‬ ‫ ܒܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܡܪܝܐ ܒܗܠܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܝܘܡܝܢ ܠܥܘܕܪܢܢ‬ ‫ ܚܡܫܐ‬10f1 1o ‫ ܐܢܬܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܗܘܝܬܘܢ‬M 8a1 10f1txt 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1mg 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 10f1 17e1 ‫�ܗܐ‬ ‫ ܘܐܢܫ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘ� ܐܢܫ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 : ‫ ܕ� ܐܢܫ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܕܥ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܕܥ‬6f1 10f1 17a1 1o � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܫܟܚ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܫܬܟܚ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vid) ‫ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ‬ 1o ‫ ܡܕܪܟܝܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܬܕ�ܟܝܢ‬7a1 10f1 (‫)ܡܬܕ�ܟܢ‬ ‫ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܘܐܝܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܝܟܢܐ‬10f1

This error was immediately marked for deletion; 6f1 does have ‫ ܘܗܘܬ‬in its proper place after ‫ܘܣܟܘܠܬܢܝܐ‬. 59 In 8:11 � ‫ܐܢ‬, 13 � ‫ ܕܐܢ‬are spelled with the nūn beneath the first ālaph, presumably by the original scribe, and of course no intervening space. 58

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

8:15

8:16 8:18

8:19 8:20 8:21 8:22

8:23 8:24 8:25 8:26

8:27 8:28 8:29 8:30

lxxi

̈ M (no support) ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1(vid) 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ܘܡܚܫܒܬܗ‬ ‫ ܐܘ ܡܚܫܒܬܗ‬10f1 ̈ � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ � ܐܚܝ ܬܪܓܙ‬17a1 ‫ܐܚܝ � ܬܪܓܙܘܢ‬ ‫ ܢܨܒܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܨܒܐ ܓܝܪ‬10f1 : ‫ ܨܒܐ‬7a1 ‫ ܗܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܕܨܒܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܨܒܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܢ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܢ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܕܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1* ‫ �ܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܢ‬10f1 ‫ �ܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܒܫܪܒܬܢ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 : text defective 7a1 2o �‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘ‬10f1 : �‫ ܐܦ‬17a1 ‫ ܫܪܒܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 3o �‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܢܫܐ‬10f1 ‫ܕܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ‬ ‫ ܠܒܙܬܐ ܘܠܚܪܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܒܙܬܐ‬10f1 ܿ 7a1 : ‫ �ܗ‬17a1 ‫ �ܠܗ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܠܗܝ‬6f1 : ‫�ܠܗ‬ ‫ ܘܢܬܒܙܙܘܢ‬M 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܢܬܒܙܘܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ‫ ܕܐܪܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܪܥܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܢܦܠܘܚ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܦܠܚ‬10f1 ‫ ܩܕܡ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܝܬ‬7a1 ̈ 7a1 10f1 ̈ ‫ܫܒܒܝܢ‬ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܫܒܝܢ‬ ‫ �ܗܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬6f1 10f1 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ‫ ܚܢܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܚܝܢ‬ ‫ �ܠܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܠܗܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܝܣܚܩ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܡ ܐܝܣܚܩ‬6f1 ‫ ܘܠܟܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܟܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܝܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܒܝܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܗܘܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ‬M 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 : not legible 7a1 ‫ ܒܠܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܠܒܐ ܗܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܠܟܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̈ܡܠܝܟܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܬܝܕܥܬ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 ] ‫ ܐܬܝܕܥܬܝ‬7a1(vid) 17a1 �‫ ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܐ� ܐܢ‬17e1 ‫ ܝܕܥ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܕܥܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܢܣܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܠܨܘܢܝ‬10f1

lxxii

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

8:31

8:32 61 8:33

8:34 8:35 8:36 9:1

9:2 9:3 9:4

9:5

‫ ܡܘܡܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 17a1 : not legible 7a1 ‫ ܢܥܢܝܟܝ‬M 6f1 60 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܥܢܟܝ‬7a1 1o ‫ �ܗܢ‬M 6f1 7a11 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬7a1* ‫ �ܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܠܗܐ‬17e1 ‫ ܘܢܬܡܠܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܡܠܘܢ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܬܫܬܒܩ‬M 6f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܬܫܬܒܩܝ‬17a1 : ‫ ܘܬܫܬܒܩ‬7a1 10f1 ‫ ܠܫ�ܒܢ ܘܠܫ�ܒܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 62 17a1] ‫ ܠܩܪܒܢ ܘܠܫܪܒܢ‬M 17e1 ‫ ܘܛܠܝܬܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܛܠܝܬܝ ܢܦܘܩ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ̈ 17a1 ‫ܘܒܝܘܡܬܐ‬ ‫ ܢܦܪܘܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܦܩܘܕ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܘܐܢܬܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܢܬܘܢ‬10f1 1o ‫ ܡܐ‬M 8a1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 : ‫ ܒܡܐ‬17e1 : lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬M 10f1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܙܠܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܙܠܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܢܦܩܘ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 �‫ ܗܝܟ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܒܥܕܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܥܕܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܒܝܬܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ܒܒܝܬܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܪܡܫܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܝܘܡܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܗ̇ܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̣ܗܘ‬7a1 : lacking 10f1 ‫ ܓܥܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܓܥܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܒܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܡܥܘܢ ܐܒܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܫܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܫܕܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܡܛܡܐܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 (‫ )ܠܡܛܡܘ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܠܛܡܐܘ‬10f1 ܿ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܐ‬17a1 ‫ܕܡܗ‬ ‫ ܘܝܗܒܘ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܝܗܒܬ‬6f1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܒܬܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܒܢ̈ܬܗܘܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܒܝܢܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܢ̈ܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܢܛܪܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܛܪܘ‬7a1 ‫ ܕܐܢܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܢܬ ܗܘ‬10f1

A hole in 6f1 in the folio has removed all traces of the medial yūdh. There is ocassional retracing (by 14/8a1 ?) between 8:32–34. 62 The first lāmadh in 8a1 looks like a nūn because of the ṣādhē above it. 60 61

‫‪lxxiii‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܦ ܡܨ̈ܥܝܬܐ ‪ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 :‬ܘܡܨ̈ܥܝܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܒ�ܟܫܝܗܘܢ ‪ M 7a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 8a1 17a1 :‬ܒ�ܟܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1‬ܒܕܪܥܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܬܟܝܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܬܬܟܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܫܚܩ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܫܚܘܩ‬ ‫)ܣܘܓܗܘܢ( ‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܣܘܓܐܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܣܓܝܐܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܬܒܘܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܒܪ ‪2o‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܒܚܡܬܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܚܡܬܟ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܐܝܩܪܐ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܕܫܟܝܢܬ ܐܝܩܪܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܕܫܟܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܝܩܪܐ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1‬ܒܦ�ܙ�‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܫܘܒܗܪܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܒܫܘܒܗܪܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܪܘܓܙܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1‬ܪܘܓܙܟ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1‬ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܡܚܝܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܡܚܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܬܒܘܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܒܪ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 17e1‬ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܥܘܫܢܟ ‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :‬ܚܝܠܟ ܘܥܘܫܢܟ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܕܚܝܠܗ ܘܥܘܫܢܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܚܝܠܟ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܦ� ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܦ�‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܡܘܗܒܬܟ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܡܣܝܥܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܣܝܥܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܝܢ ܐܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܪܝܐ ] ‪ M 8a1‬ܡܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1‬ܘܐܪܥܐ ] ‪ M 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܕܐܪܥܐ‬ ‫‪ 8a1‬ܐܬܚܫܒ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܬܚܫܒܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܥܠܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪̈ M 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬‬ ‫ܒܝܫܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܥܡܟ ‪ 10f1 :‬ܥܡܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬ܥܡܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܟܠܗܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܠܟܠܗܝܢ‬ ‫)‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vid‬ܫ�ܒܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܚܝܠܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܚܝܠ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܩܡܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܩܡܬ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1‬ܣܩܐ ] ‪ M 17e1‬ܠܣܩܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 10f1‬ܕܠܒܫܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܠܒܝܫܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܟܠܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܟܠܗ‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬ ‫ܨܦܬܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܨܒܬܗܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬

‫‪9:7‬‬ ‫‪9:8‬‬

‫‪9:9‬‬ ‫‪9:10‬‬ ‫‪9:11‬‬

‫‪9:12‬‬ ‫‪9:13‬‬ ‫‪9:14‬‬

‫‪10:1‬‬ ‫‪10:3‬‬ ‫‪10:4‬‬

lxxiv

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

10:5

‫ ܥܝܢ̈ܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vid)63 ‫ ܘܡܠܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘܡ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܠܚܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܚܡܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܬܪܥܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 ܿ ‫ܕܢܚ‬ ܿ ‫ܢܚ‬ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܬܝܗ‬ ̈ 17a1 ‫ܬܝܗ‬ ‫ �ܗܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܗܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܠ�ܚܡܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܚܡܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܿ ‫ ܘܠܪܘܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܠܪܘܡܗ‬ 10f1 o 1 ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܦܬܓܡܐ‬M 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1 : not legible 6f1 2o ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܘܥܒܕܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܒܕ‬10f1 ‫ ܢܚܬܬ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܝ‬6f1(vid) 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ̈ 17a1 : not extant 6f1 64 ‫ܕܒܢܝ‬ �‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܐܦ‬10f1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 : not extant 6f1 ‫ܕܚܝܐ‬ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 : ‫ ܓܒ�ܐ‬17a1 ‫ܥܒܕܐ‬ ‫ ܩܕܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܘܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܟܝܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܟܝܠ‬10f1 ‫ ܩܪܘܒܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܘܡܝ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܐܢܫܐ ܡܢܢ ܢܘܒܠܘܢܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ܘܐܢܫ ܡܢܢ ܢܘܒܠܟܝ‬ 78F

10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 10:13 10:14 10:15

10:17 10:18

10:19

79F

17e1

‫ ܠܡܫܟܢܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܫܟܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܪܗܛܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ‫ ܕܐܫܬܡܥܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܫܬܡܥܬ ܗܘܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܒܡܫܟܢ̈ܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܫܟܢܐ‬6f1 1o ‫ ܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܡܫܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܫܟܢܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܠܦܪܢܐ‬17e1 ‫ ̣ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠ‬10f1 ‫ ̇ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢܘ‬10f1

Later in the verse 7a1 perhaps has ‫ ܠܗ‬for ‫ ܠܗ‬but the condition of the ms makes it impossible to be sure that was the original reading. Dots, esp. in the bottom half of the folios, may easily have been lost. 64 6f1 suffers losses in Judith 10:11f., 13–16, 19. 63

ܿ

‫‪lxxv‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 8a1‬ܢܫܬܚܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܫܬܚܪ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܫܬܟܚܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܫܬܚܪܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܗܘ �ܦܪܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܙܩܝܪܐ ܗܘܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܙܩܝܪܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1‬ܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܘܒܐܙܡܪܓܕܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܒܙܡ�ܓܕܐ‬ ‫‪ܿ 7a1‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܗܘ ܕܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܗܘ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܕܡܫܟܢܐ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܕܡܫܟܢܗ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1‬ܕܠܩܝܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܐܙܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܣܓܕܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1‬ܘܣܓܕܬ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܘܐܚܕܘܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܚܕܘ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܬܠܒܒܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܪܣܝ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܠܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1‬ܠܟܠܢܫ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܕܢܦܠܘܚ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܢܝܙܟܐ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܐܝܕܝ‬ ‫‪) 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܘܐܬܝܬ ܠܘܬܢ( ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1‬ܘܐܬܝܬܝ ܠܘܬܢ‬

‫)‪(homeotel‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܐܬܠܒܒܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܪܣܝ‬ ‫)‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1] lacking (homeotel‬ܘܐܥܒܕ ܠܟܝ‬ ‫*‪17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܘ ܕܬܫܡܥ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܬܫܡܥ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܠܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ‬ ‫] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܚܝܐ ܗܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܫܕܪܟ ܠܡܩܝܡܘ‬ ‫‪lacking (homeotel.) 6f1 7a1 17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܦܠܚܘܢܝܗܝ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܦܠܚܘܢܗ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1‬ܕܕܒܪܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܕܥܘܢܗ ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :‬ܢܕܥܘܢܝܗܝ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܘܢܕܥܘܢܝܗܝ‬ ‫‪17a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܫܡܥܢ ܓܝܪ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܫܡܥܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1‬ܚܟܡܬܟ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬ܘܨܢ̈ܥܬܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܛܒ ܐܢܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܛܒ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܐܪܥܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܡܠܟܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 17a1‬ܒܝܕܥܬܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܒܝܕܥܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1‬ܒܩܪܒܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡ�ܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܫܬܥܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܫܪܝܪܐ ܗܝ ] ‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܫܪܝܪ ܗܘ‬

‫‪10:21‬‬

‫‪10:22‬‬

‫‪10:23‬‬ ‫‪11:1‬‬ ‫‪11:2‬‬ ‫‪11:3‬‬ ‫‪11:4‬‬ ‫‪11:6‬‬ ‫‪11:7‬‬

‫‪11:8‬‬

‫‪11:9‬‬ ‫‪11:10‬‬

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 17a1‬ܒܗ ܢܝܙܟܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܒܗܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] � 8a1‬ܕ� ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܥ ܕܢܦܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܦܠ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܒܥܡܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܚܛܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܚܛܗܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܢܥܒܕܘܢܗ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܥܒܕܘܢܗ‬ ‫‪7a1‬‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܚܣܪܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܚܣܪ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܗܘܢ ܬܘܪܣܝܐ ܘܐܬܛܠܩܘ ܠܗܘܢ‬

‫)‪(homeotel‬‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1‬ܐܬܚܫܒܘ ] ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܠܡܫܬܠܛܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܡܫܠܛ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܒܟܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܟܠ‬ ‫‪� 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܗܗܘܢ ] ‪� M 8a1 17e1‬ܗܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܢܡܘܣܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܒܢܡܘܣܗ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1‬ܫܝܬܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1‬ܘܕܚܡܪܐ ܘܕܡܫܚܐ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܠܡܩܕܫܘ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܡܪܝܐ ] ‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܗܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫‪� 17a1‬ܢܫܐ ] ‪� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܢܫ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܐܦ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܐܦ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1‬ܟܠܗܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] seyāme 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 17a1‬ܕܟܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܗܘܢ ] )‪ M (no support‬ܐܢܘܢ ‪1o‬‬ ‫*‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܫܬܠܡܘܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 6f1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1‬ܢܫܬܠܡܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܝ ܡܢܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܡܢܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܕܬܬܡܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܕܬܬܡܗ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܕܬܬܡܗܝ ‪6f1 :‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܡܛܠ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܒܠܝܐ ܘܒܐܝܡܡܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܒܐܝܡܡܐ ܘܒܠܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܡܟܝܠ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܡܟܝܠ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܠܘܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܘܬܟ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܐܨ� ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܐܨ�‬ ‫ܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ ‪ 6f1 :‬ܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ ܚܛܗܝ̈ܟܘܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܡܬܥܒܕ ܚܛܗܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܢܬܥܒܕ ܚܛܗܗܘܢ ‪ 7a1 17a1 :‬ܚܛܗܝ̈ܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 17a1‬ܘܐܥܒܪ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܥܒܪܟ‬ ‫‪ 17e1‬ܠܗܘܢ ] ‪̇ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1‬‬ ‫�ܗ‬

‫‪lxxvi‬‬ ‫‪11:11‬‬

‫‪11:12‬‬

‫‪11:13‬‬

‫‪11:14‬‬ ‫‪11:15‬‬ ‫‪11:16‬‬ ‫‪11:17‬‬

‫‪11:19‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 11:20 11:21

11:22 11:23 12:1 12:2 12:3

12:4 12:5 12:6 12:7 12:8 12:9

12:10 12:11

65

lxxvii

‫ ܪܥܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1(vid) 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܘܫܦܪ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܫܦܪܘ‬7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ‫ܥܒܕܘܗܝ‬ ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܿ‫ ܠܗ‬M 6f1 65 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܗ‬10f1 : lacking 17a1 ‫ ܐܝܟ ܗܕܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܕܐܝܟ ܗܕܐ‬6f1 : ‫ ܐܝܟ ܐܟܘܬܟܝ‬17e1(sec. man.; prim. man. om ‫)ܗܕܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܠܣܘ‬ ܿ ‫ܣܘ‬ ܿ ‫ܠܣܘ‬ ܿ ‫ܣܘ‬ ̈ ̈ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܦܝܗ‬ ̈ ̈ ‫ܦܝܗ‬ ‫ܦܝܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܦܝܗ‬ ‫ ܕܐܪܥܐ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ��‫ ܘܒܡܡ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] �‫ܘܒܡ‬ ‫ ܥܘܗܕܢܐ ܘܒܐܝܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܘܕܪܢܐ ܘܐܝܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܒܕܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܒܕܢܐ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ ܘܒܦܬܓܡܟܝ‬M (no support) ] ‫ܘܒܦܬܓܡܝܟܝ‬ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܛܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ ‫ ܕܫܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܫܬܝܗ‬6f1 7a1 (‫ܕܡܫܬܝܗ‬ ) 10f1 17a1 ܿ ‫ ܡܢܗ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢܗ‬7a1 17a1 �‫ ܕ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܡܐ‬7a1 10f1 ‫ ܐܡܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢ‬17a1 1o ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܕܐܟܘܬܗ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܟܘܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 17a1 : ‫ ܐܟܘܬܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܟܘܬܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܟܘܬܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܬ ܠܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܝܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܩܡܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܩܕܡܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܡܦܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܬܦܘܩ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܥܝܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܡܥܝܢܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܩܝܡܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܩܘܝܡܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܟܬܪܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܡܟܬܪܐ ܗܘܬ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 : lacking 17e1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܘܩܝܘܡܐ‬ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܡܢ ܘܩܝܘܡܐ‬7a1 ܿ ‫ ܐܦܝܣ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܦܝܣܝܗ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܘܬܠܥܣ ܘܬܫܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 17e1

Probably 6f1 has marked the diacritical for deletion.

lxxviii 12:12 66 12:13

12:14

12:15

12:16 12:18 12:19 12:20

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܘܬܫܬܐ ܥܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ‫ ܕܐܝܟ‬M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܝܟ‬6f1 7a1 ܿ ܿ ܿ ‫ܢܩܦܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 (‫ )ܢܦܩܗ‬14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܩܦܝܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܢܦܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܦܩܘ‬14/8a1 ܿ ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܗ‬ �‫ ܬܬܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܬܟܠܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܬܬܒܣܡܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܬܬܩܣܡܣܝܢ‬17e1 ‫ ܝܘܡܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܘܡܢ‬17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܩܝܡܝܢ‬7a1 17a1 ‫ܕܩܝܡܢ‬ ‫ ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܠܟܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕ� ܥܐܠܢ ܨܝܕ ܡܪܝ‬M 8a1(vid) ] ‫ ܕ� ܥܠ ܡܪܝ‬6f1 7a1 : ‫ ܥܠܝ ܡܪܝ‬10f1 : ‫ ܕ� ܐܥܘܠ ܠܘܬ ܡܪܝ‬17a1 : ‫ ܕ� ܥܐ� ܐܢܐ ܨܝܕ ܡܪܝ‬17e1 ‫ ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ ܐܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܒܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܕܡܘܬܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܘܬ‬17a1 : ‫ ܕܗܘܬܝ‬14/8a1 ܿ ‫ܬܨܒܝܬܗ‬ M 6f1 (seyāme) 7a1 (perhaps seyāme) 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܬܨܒܝܬܐ‬ 10f1

̈ ‫ܫ�ܚܐ ܕܐܡ�ܐ‬ / ‫ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 2o ‫ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡܗܘܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܥܠܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 (‫ )ܕܥܠܬ‬17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܛܒ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܡܪܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܝܪܒܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܒܘ‬14/8a1(vid) ‫ ܥܠܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1* ‫ ܘܢܣܒܬ ܘܐܟܠܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 (‫)ܕܢܣܒܬ ܘܐܟܠܬ‬17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܣܒܬܝ ܘܐܟܠܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܕܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢ ܡܕܡ‬17a1 ‫ ܣܘܓܐܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܣܓܝܐܐ‬10f1 �‫ ܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܐ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܗܟܘܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܟܘܬ ܐܝܟ‬17a1 : not legible 8a1*

13:1

‫ ܩܡܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܡ‬7a1 ‫ ܠܡܐܙܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܐܙܠ‬14/8a1

In 8a1 from 12:12–13:4 and infrequently thereafter there is frequent reinking (designated as need be as 14/8a1). 66

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

13:3 13:4

13:7 13:8 13:9 13:10

13:11 13:12

13:13

lxxix

‫ ܬܪܥܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܐܢܫ ܐܢܫ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܫܟܢܗ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܢܫ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܫܟܢܗ‬ 17a1 : ‫ ܟܠܢܫ ܠܡܫܟܢܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܘܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܕܗܘܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܬܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܝܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܐܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܢܐ ܗܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܦ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܠܝܬܘܢ‬14/8a1 ‫ ܘ� ܐܢܫ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ‫ ܘܐܢܫ‬10f1 ‫ ܪܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ � ܪܒܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܝܟ‬7a1 : �‫ ܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܠܦܪܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܡܪܝܐ ܡܪܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܪܝܐ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܠܪܘܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܪܘܡܗ‬ 10f1 : not legible 8a1 ‫ ܒܝܘܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܝܘܡܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܢܐܢܪܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 (‫ )ܒܢܢܪܐ‬17e1 ] ‫ ܒܢܐܪܢܐ‬7a1 : ‫ ܒܐܢܪܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܠܪܝܫܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܝܫܗ‬17a1 ‫ ܬܫܘܝܬܗ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܫܘܝܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܟܠܬܗ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܠܬܐ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ‫ܡܓܘܕܐ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] om seyāme 17e1 ̈ ‫ܡܓܘܕ ܐ ܘܒܬܪ ܩܠܝܠ ܢܦܩܬ‬ M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡܘܕܐ‬10f1 ܿ‫ ܕܣܝܒܪܬܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܣܝܒܪܬܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܒܥܕܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܒܥܝܕܐ‬10f1 ܿ ܿ ‫ ܘܥܒܪ‬M 17e1 ] ‫ܘܥܒܪܗ‬ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 : ‫ ܘܥܒܪܘܗ‬17a1 ܿ ‫ ܘܐܬܟ�ܟܝܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܘܐܬܟܪܟܘܗ‬ 17a1 ‫ ܠܢܛܘ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1(vid) ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 67 17a1 ‫ ܠܡܦܬܚ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܦܬܚܘ‬17a1 ܿ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ܠܗ‬ ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܬ�ܥܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1

6f1 7a1

82F

In the reinking by 14/8a1 only a diacritical mark for the rīsh has been reinked; that of the original seyāme is still visible. 67

lxxx

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

13:14 13:15 13:17 13:18

13:19 13:20 14:1 14:2 68 14:3 14:4 14:5 14:6 14:7 69 14:8 14:9

ܿ ܿ ‫ܘܚܕܪܘܗ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܚܕܘܗ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܒܐܝܕܝ‬ M 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 : inconclusive 8a1 ‫ ܕܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܐ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ‬ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬ‬7a1 : ‫ ܒܪܝܟܬܝ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܐܪܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܠܟܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܟܝ ܐܘܪܚܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܪܫܐ‬M 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܫܗ‬7a1 8a1 10f1 ‫ ܕܪܒܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܒܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܥܢܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܥܢܕ‬10f1 (7a1 13:20) ‫ ܡܦܘܠܬܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܘܟܟܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܗܠܟܬܝ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܗܠܟܬ‬7a1 ‫ ܘܐܡܪ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬6f1 10f1 ‫ ܐܡܝܢ ܘܐܡܝܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܡܝܢ‬6f1 ‫ ܒܥܥܝܬܐ‬M 7a1 ] ‫ ܒܝܥܝܬܐ‬6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܘܬܣܒܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܬܣܒܘܢ‬6f1 10f1 ‫ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܠ�ܒܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܪܒ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܡܫܟܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܫܟܢܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܟܠ‬17a1 ‫ ܬܪܡܘܢ‬M 7a1 10f1 114/8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܕܐܣܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܣܠܝ ܗܘܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܠܕܒܝܬ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܒܝܬ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܫܕܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܫܕܪ‬10f1 17a1 ‫ ܚܕ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܚܪ‬6f1 ‫ ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܟܢܫܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܥܡܝ‬M 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܡ‬7a1 8a1 10f1 ‫ ܘܢܕܚܠܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܢܬܕܠܚܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܟܝܠ‬M 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬ‬M 14/8a1 ] ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬܝ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 : ‫ ܡܐ ܕܗܘܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܘܥܕܡܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܕܡܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܟܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܟܕ ܕܝܢ‬10f1

In 8a1 there is ocassional retracing from 14:2–8; these are presumably from 14/8a1. 14/8a1 ‫ ܟܠ‬looks like it is written over a longer different word (perhaps 4 letters long) of which only traces remain at the most. 68 69

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

14:10 14:11

14:12 14:13 14:14 14:15 14:16 14:18

14:19 15:1 15:2 15:3 70

lxxxi

‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢ ܕܥܒܕܬ‬17a1 ‫ ܩܥܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܩܥܐ‬10f1 �‫ ܒܩ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܩ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] add seyāme 17e1 ‫ ܐܚܝܘܕ ܟܠ ܕܥܒܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܟܠ ܕܥܒܕ ܠܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܐܠܗܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܣܠܩ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܘܐ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܠܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܫ�ܝܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܣܩܢܐ ܕܛܘ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 (seyāme uncertain) 17e1 ] ‫ܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬ ‫ ܕܛܘܪܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܐܢܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ‫ܥܒܝܕܬܗ‬ ‫ ܥܘܠ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܘܠܘ‬6f1 ‫ ܐܥܝܪܝܗܝ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܥܝܪܘܗܝ‬6f1 ‫ ܕܡܝܟ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܟ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܥܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܥܠ ܐܙܠ‬10f1 ‫ �ܠܦܪܢܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ‫ ܘܒܒܟܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܒܓܥܬܐ‬17a170 ̈ ‫ ܘܒܬܢ̈ܚܬܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 (‫ܘܒܬܐܢܚܬܐ‬ ) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܕܥܒܕܬ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܘܥܒܕܬ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ ܥܒܕܬ‬10f1 ‫ ܗܕܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܪܒܬܐ‬17a1 ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܥܒ�ܝܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܥܒ�ܝܬܐ‬10f1 : lacking 17a1 ‫ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠܗܢܐ‬6f1 ‫ ܘܟܕ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] �‫ ܘ‬17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 : ‫ ܚܝܠܗ‬17a1 ��‫ܚ‬ ‫ ܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ‫ ܐܝܠܝܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܠܝܢ‬17a1 ‫ ܕܒܡܫܟܢ̈ܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 ‫ ܟܬܪ‬M 6f1 ] ‫ ܟܬܪܘ‬7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 �‫ ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1* ‫ ܐܬܗܦܟܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܒܕܪܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܟ�ܟܝܢ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܘܟܪܝܟܝܢ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 : + ‫ ܠܦܠܘ‬10f1 85F

As a result of this error 17a1 has this twice in its listing.

‫‪Appendix 2: Variant Readings‬‬

‫‪ 17a1‬ܠܡܥܪܩܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܠܡܥܪܩ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܣܡܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܢܦܩܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܦܠܘ ‪ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :‬ܘܐܬܢܟܣܘ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܘܐܬܢܣܟܘ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܫܕܪܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܫܕܪ‬ ‫‪ 6f1‬ܘܢܘܕܥܘܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܢܘܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬ܥܠ ‪1o‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܘܢܦܩܘܢ ] ‪) 17e1‬ܘܕܢܦܩܘ( ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1‬ܘܕܢܦܩܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 6f1 17a1‬ܠܗܘܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܒܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܗܟܘܬ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܗܟܘܬ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܐܦ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܕܫܡܥܘ ‪ 7a1 :‬ܕܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܐܫܬܡܥ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܗܘܘ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ܿ 17a1‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 : pr‬ܠܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܓܒ�ܐ ܩ�ܒܬܢܐ ] ‪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܢܦܠܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ 7a1‬ܘܡܚܕ ] ‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܡܚܘ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܕܥܡܘ�ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17a1‬ܕܥܡܘ�ܐ ] ‪M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܒܛܘܪܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1‬ܕܒܛܘ�ܐ‬ ‫‪6f1‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫‪ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1‬ܘܒܦܩܥܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܐܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1‬ܛܒܬܐ‬ ‫‪ 10f1‬ܬܗܘܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܘܬܗܘܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܘܐܡܪ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܐܡܝܢ ‪ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 :‬ܘܐܡܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 7a1 10f1 17a1‬ܡܥܒܪܝܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܡܒܥܪܝܢ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܡܫܪܝܬܐ ‪ M (no support) ] seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 :‬ܡܫܪܝܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1‬ܕܐܬܘ�ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ 17a1‬ܡܫܟܢܐ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܡܫܟܢܗ ‪1o‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܡܐܢܘܗܝ‬ ‫‪M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 17a1‬‬ ‫ܐܢܝܢ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1‬ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܟܘܕܢܘܬܗ ] ‪ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1‬ܟܘܕܢ̈ܘܬܐ‬ ‫‪10f1‬‬ ‫ܥܓܠܬܗܿ‬ ‫ܥܓܠܬܗ ] ‪̈ M 7a1 (om seyāme) 8a1 17a1 17e1‬‬ ‫‪̈ 10f1‬‬ ‫‪ 7a1 10f1 : lacking 17a1‬ܐܢܘܢ ] ‪ M 8a1 17e1‬ܐܢܝܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܓܒܝ‬ ‫‪ 10f1 17a1‬ܘܓܒܬ ] ‪M 7a1 8a1 (no seyāme) 17e1‬‬ ‫‪ M 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1‬ܟܢܫܐ‬

‫‪lxxxii‬‬

‫‪15:4‬‬

‫‪15:5‬‬

‫‪15:6‬‬ ‫‪15:7‬‬ ‫‪15:8‬‬ ‫‪15:9‬‬ ‫‪15:10‬‬

‫‪15:11‬‬

‫‪15:12‬‬

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 15:13

15:14 16:1 16:2 16:3 16:4

16:5 16:6

16:7

16:8 71 72

lxxxiii

1o �‫ ܟܠܝ‬M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܟܠ ܪܘ�ܒܢܝܬܐ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬ 10f1 (homeotel) ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܘܣܝܡܝܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܣܝܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܘܡܥܢܐ‬M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܥܢܐ‬8a1(vid) 71 ܿ ‫ܒܬܘܕܝܬܗ‬ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܬܘܕܝܬܗ‬7a1 ܿ 8a1(vid) 17a1 ‫ ܠܗ‬M 7a1 ] lacking 10f1 : ‫ܠܗ‬ ܿ ܿ ‫ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ‬M 8a1 17a1 72 17e1 ] ‫ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ‬ 7a1 : ‫ ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ‬10f1 ‫ ܫܡܗ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܒܫܡܗ‬7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ‫ ܡܫܪܝܬܟ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܫܪܝܬܐ‬7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܒ�ܒܘܬܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ‫ ܒܣܘܓܐܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 (‫ )ܒܣܘܓܗܘܢ‬17e1 ] ‫ܘܒܣܘܓܐܗܘܢ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܐܡܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܐܡܪܘ‬8a1 17e1 ‫ ܠܡܘܒܕܘ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܡܘܩܕܘ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܢܩܛܠ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܩܛܘܠ‬6f1 17a1 ̈ ‫ܘܝܠܘܕܐ ܢܫܩܦ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ‬ ̈ M 7a1 (‫ )… ܘܠܝ�ܘܕܐ‬8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ‫ ܐܒܗܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܘܒܕ‬17a1 �‫ ܐܦ‬M 10f1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ̈ ‫ ܡܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ̈ 10f1 ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ‫ ܡܚܐܘܗܝ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܚܘ ܐܢܘܢ‬10f1 �‫ ܘܐܦ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] �‫ ܐܦ‬10f1 : ‫ ܘܐܦ‬17e1 ‫ ܓܒ�ܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܢܒ�ܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܒܩܘܡܬܐ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܫܠܚܬ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 ܿ ܿ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܐܪܡܠܘܬܗ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܠܘܬܗ‬ ‫ܡܐܢܝ‬ ‫ ̈ ̈ܡܐܢܐ‬17a1 ̈ ‫ܕܟܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܕܟܐܒܝܗܘܢ‬ 10f1 ̈ ̈ ‫ܒܒܣܡܐ‬ M (no support) ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ‫ܒܣܡܐ‬ 10f1 ‫ ܐܣܪܬ‬M(vid) 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܣܪܬ‬10f1 ܿ ‫ ܠܡܛܥܝܘܬܗ‬M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܠܡܛܥܝܘܬܗ‬ 6f1 : ‫ ܠܛܥܝܘܬܗ‬10f1

̈

86F

In worn or faded areas in 8a1, initial waw and initial dālath may look much alike. An abbreviation, which presumably equals M.

lxxxiv 16:9 16:10

16:11 16:12 16:13 16:14

16:16 16:17 16:18 16:19 16:20 16:21 16:22 16:23 16:24 16:25

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

‫ ܚܛܦܘ‬M 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܚܛܦ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ‫ ܢܐܢܪܗ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܢܢܪܐ‬10f1 : ‫ ܢܝܙܪܗ‬17a1 ‫ ܦ�ܣܝܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ܦܪܝܣܐ‬ ̈ 6f1 : ‫ ܦ�ܝܝܩܐ‬17a1 ܿ ‫ ܡܪܚܘܬܗ‬M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܪܚܘܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 : uncertain 17a1 ܿ ‫ ܥܘܫܢܗ‬M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ܥܘܫܢܗ‬ 6f1 7a1 ‫ ܐܬܬܒܪܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܬܒܪܘ‬7a1 : ‫ ܐܬܒܕܪܘ‬10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ̈ܡܟܟܝ‬10f1 ‫ܡܟܝܟܝ‬ ‫ ܘܐܪܝܡܘ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܪܝܡ‬6f1 ‫ ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܬܒܪܘ‬10f1 ‫ ܐܒܕܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܐܒܕܘ‬17a1 ‫ �ܠܗܝ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܠܗܐ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking 17e1 ‫ ܐܪܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܪܥ‬10f1 ‫ ܡܛܠ‬M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܛܠ ܕܝܢ‬6f1* ‫ ܕܠܡܠܬܟ‬M 8a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܠܘܩܒܠ ܡܠܬܟ‬6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܗܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] omit seyāmes 17a1 ̈ ‫ܫ�ܡܐ‬ ‫ܠܝܩܕܐ‬ ‫ ܠܡܪܝܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܡܢ ܡܪܝܐ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܢܐܩܕܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܘܢܐܒܕܘܢ‬17e1 ‫ ܒܪܘܫܥܐ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܢܘܪܐ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܘܕܒܚܐ ܠܡܪܝܐ‬ M 8a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܘܝܗܒܬ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ‫ ܝܗܒܬ‬17e1 1o ‫ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܥܡܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ‫ ܗܦܟܘ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܗܦܟ‬7a1 ܿ ܿ ‫ܒܟܠܗ‬ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܟܠܗ‬7a1 ‫ ܓܒܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܓܒܪܐ‬10f1 ‫ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܟܠܗܘܢ‬10f1 ‫ ܕܐܬܝܐ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܐܬܝܐ ܗܘܬ‬6f1 17a1 ‫ ܒܒܝܬ‬M 17e1 ] ‫ ܒܝܬ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ‫ ܒܡܥܪܬܐ‬M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) 17a1 ‫ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ‬M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ‬6f1 ܿ ‫ܠܫܪܒܬܗ‬ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ‫ ܠܫܪܒܬܗ‬6f1 17a1 ܿ‫�ܡܗܬܗ‬ ̈ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫�ܡܬܗ‬ ̈ 7a1 : ‫�ܡܗܬܗ‬ ̈ 10f1 �‫ ܘ‬M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �‫ ܕ‬8a1(vid) ‫ ܕܡܕܚܠ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܕܡܕܠܚ‬10f1 ̈ ‫ܠܒܢܝ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ �ܝܣܪܝܠ‬10f1

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

lxxxv

1o ‫ ܝܘܡܬܐ‬M (no support) ] ‫ ܝܘܡܬܗ‬6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1c (17e1* om) ‫ ܘܐܦ ܡܢ ܒܬܪ‬M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ‫ ܐܦ � ܒܬܪ‬10f1 Whereas M has no subscription 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 add ‫ܫܠܡ ܟܬܒܐ‬ ‫ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬. ; 10f1 has ‫ܫܠܡ ܠܡܟܬܒ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬.

̈

ܿ

̈

APPENDIX 3: NAMES Susanna and Judith are excluded from this Appendix, because no Hebrew text is extant. Haman’s 10 Sons (Esther 9:7–9) Esther 9:7 ‫ ܦܫܝܪܘܬ‬MT ‫פרשׁנדתא‬. ‫ ܕܠܟܘܢ‬MT ‫דלפון‬. ‫ ܐܣܦܘܬ‬MT ‫אספתא‬. 9:8 ‫ ܦܪܠܛ‬MT ‫פורתא‬. 1 ‫ ܕܠܝܐ‬MT ‫אדליא‬. ‫ ܕܝܪܬ‬MT ‫ארידתא‬. 9:9 ‫ ܦܪܣܡܘܬ‬MT ‫פרמשׁתא‬. ‫ ܕܝܣܝ‬MT ‫אריסי‬. ‫ ܐܕܪܝ‬MT ‫ארדי‬. ‫ ܙܘܬ‬MT ‫יזתא‬. 8F

Replacements Esther 2:5 ‫]ܡܢ ܫܒܛܐ ܕ[ܒܢܝܡܝܢ‬, MT ‫)איש( ימיני‬, 2:14 ‫ܫܢܓܫܓܫܝܪ‬, MT ‫שׁעשׁגז‬. Initial Locations Additions P introduces an initial ‫ܐ‬: Ruth 4:19 ‫ ܐܪܡ‬MT ‫רם‬, 22 ‫ ܐܝܫܝ‬MT ‫ישׁי‬. Deletions P omits an initial ‫א‬: Esther 9:8 ‫ ܕܠܝܐ‬MT ‫אדליא‬, 9 ‫ ܕܝܣܝ‬MT ‫אריסי‬. P omits an initial ‫י‬: Esther 9:9 ‫ ܙܘܬ‬MT ‫יזתא‬. Replacements P reads ‫ ܐ‬for ‫י‬: Esther 2:6 ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬MT ‫ירושלם‬. 1

See Introduction. Appendix 2, Esther 9:8.

lxxxvii

lxxxviii

Appendix 3: Names

P reads ‫ ܒ‬for ‫כ‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ ܒܪܢܫ‬MT ‫כרשׁנא‬. P reads ‫ ܫ‬for ‫שׂ‬: Ruth 4:20 �‫ ܫ‬MT ‫שׂלמה‬. Transpositions (initial and following consonant) P transposes ḥēth and rīsh: Esther 1:10 ‫ ܪܚܒܘܢܐ‬MT ‫חרבונא‬, 7:9 ‫ ܪܚܒܘܢܐ‬MT ‫חרבונה‬. P transposes a medial nun and shin in Esther 1:14 ‫ ܒܪܢܫ‬MT ‫כרשׁנא‬. Medial Locations Additions P adds a medial ‫ܘ‬: Esther 1:1 ‫ ܗܘܕ‬MT ‫הֹדו‬, 10 ‫ ܐܒܘܓܬܐ‬MT ‫אבגתא‬, 14 ‫ܐܪܡܘܬ‬ MT ‫אדמתא‬, 2:5 ‫ ܡܘܪܕܟܝ‬MT ‫מרדכי‬, 6 ‫ ܝܘܟܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יכניה‬, 9:7 ‫ ܐܣܦܘܬ‬MT ‫אספתא‬, 9:9 ‫ܙܘܬ‬, MT ‫יזתא‬, Ruth 4:22 ‫ ܐܘܒܝܕ‬MT ‫עבד‬. P adds a medial ‫ܝ‬: Esther 2:7 ‫ ܐܣܬܝܪ‬MT ‫אסתר‬, Ruth 1:2 ‫ ܡܠܝܘܢ‬MT ‫מחלון‬, 4:11 ‫ ܪܚܝܠ‬MT ‫רחל‬, 17 ‫ ܐܘܒܝܕ‬MT ‫עובד‬, 22 ‫ ܕܘܝܕ‬MT ‫דוד‬. P adds a medial ‫ܥ‬: Ruth 1:4 ‫ ܪܥܘܬ‬MT ‫רות‬. Deletions P omits a medial ‫א‬: Esther 2:6 ‫ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ‬MT ‫נבוכדנאצר‬. P omits a medial ‫ו‬: Esther 1:1 ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬MT ‫אחשׁורושׁ‬. P omits a medial ‫ח‬: Ruth 1:2 ‫ ܡܠܝܘܢ‬MT ‫מחלון‬. P omits a medial ‫י‬: Esther 2:6 ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬MT ‫ירושלים‬, 15 ‫אביחיל‬. P omits a medial ‫מ‬: Ruth 4:20 �‫ ܫ‬MT ‫שׂלמה‬.

‫ܐܒܝܚܠ‬

MT

Replacements P reads ‫ ܝ‬for ‫א‬: Ruth 2:12 ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬MT ‫ישׂראל‬, 4:11 ‫ܠܝܐ‬, MT ‫לאה‬. P reads ‫ ܝ‬for ‫ו‬: Esther 1:1 ‫ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‬MT ‫אחשׁורושׁ‬. P reads ‫ ܟ‬for ‫פ‬: Esther 9:7 ‫ ܕܠܟܘܢ‬MT ‫דלפון‬. P reads ‫ ܕ‬for ‫ר‬: Esther 9:9 ‫ ܕܝܣܝ‬MT ‫אריסי‬. P reads ‫ ܥ‬for ‫מ‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ ܡܥܘܟܢ‬MT ‫ממוכן‬. P reads ‫ ܪ‬for ‫ד‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ ܐܪܡܘܬ‬MT ‫אדמתא‬. Transpositions P transposes a medial dālath and rīsh: Esther 9:9 ‫ ܐܕܪܝ‬MT ‫ארדי‬. P transposes a medial waw with rīsh: Esther 2:6 ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬MT ‫ירושלים‬. P transposes a medial waw yūdh rīsh with rīsh yūdh dālath: Esther 9:8 ‫ܕܝܪܐ‬ MT ‫ארידתא‬.

Appendix 3: Names

lxxxix

Final Locations Deletions P omits a final ‫א‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ܐܪܘܡܬ‬, MT ‫אדמתא‬, 3:1 ‫ ܗܡܕܬ‬MT ‫המדתא‬, 6:2 ‫ ܒܓܬܢ‬MT ‫בגתנא‬, 9:7 ‫ ܐܣܦܘܬ‬MT ‫אספתא‬, ‫ ܙܘܬ‬MT ‫יזתא‬. P omits a final ‫ה‬: Esther 2:7 ‫ ܗܕܣ‬MT ‫הדסה‬. P omits a final ‫ו‬: Esther 1:1 ‫ ܗܘܕ‬MT ‫הֹדו‬. P omits a final ‫נא‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ ܒܪܫ‬MT ‫כרשׁנא‬. Additions P adds a final ‫ܐ‬: Esther 1:14 ‫ ܡܪܣܐ‬MT ‫מרס‬. Replacements P reads a final ‫ ܐ‬for a final ‫ה‬: Esther 2:6 ‫ ܝܘܟܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יכניה‬, ‫ ܝܗܘܕܐ‬MT ‫יהודה‬, 7:9 ‫ܪܚܒܘܢܐ‬, MT ‫חרבונה‬, Ruth 1:4 ‫ܥܪܦܐ‬, MT ‫ערפה‬, Ruth 4:11 ‫ܠܝܐ‬, MT ‫לאה‬, ‫ܐܦܪܬܐ‬ MT ‫אפרתה‬. P reads a final ‫ ܝ‬for a final ‫א‬: Esther 2:3 ‫ ܗܓܝ‬MT ‫הגא‬. P reads a final ‫ ܢ‬for a final ‫ך‬: Esther 4:5 ‫ ܗܬܢ‬MT ‫התך‬.

BIBLIOGRAPHY LEXICA AND DICTIONARIES

A Greek-English Lexicon (1975), founded on the work of H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, 7th ed., Oxford: Clarendon. Koehler, L. and W. Baumgartner (1994), The MT and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, revised by W. Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill. Payne Smith, J. (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon. Payne Smith, R. (1879), Thesaurus Syriacus. Oxford: Clarendon. Sokoloff, M. (2009), A Syriac Lexicon. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press and Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.

REFERENCE TEXTS

List of Old Testament Peshiṭta Manuscripts (Preliminary Issue) (1961), ed. by the Peshiṭta Institute, Leiden University. Leiden: Brill. David, C.J. (2010), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, Vol. 2, Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Rahlfs, A. (1979), Septuaginta, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.

GENERAL INTEREST

Albreckson, B (1963), Studies in the text and theology of the Book of Lamentations with a critical edition of the Peshitta text. STL 21. Lund, CWK Gleerup. Bright, J. (1988), A History of Israel, 3rd ed., SCM. Carbajosa, I. (2008), The Character of the Syriac Version of Psalms, MPIL 17. Leiden: Brill. Greenberg, G. (2002), Translation Technique in the Peshiṭta to Jeremiah, MPIL 13. Leiden: Brill. Lieu, J.M. (2002), Neither Jew nor Greek?, London: T & T Clark. Lieu, J., J. North, and T. Rajak (eds.) (1992), The Jews among Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire, London: Routledge. Murray, R. (2006), Symbols of Church and Kingdom, A Study in Early Syriac Tradition, revised ed., London: T & T Clark.

xci

xcii

Bibliography

Rignell, Gösta (1994), The Peshitta to the Book of Job : critically investigated with introduction, translation, commentary and summary; ed. by Karl-Eric Rignell. Kristianstad [Sweden] : Monitor. Tully, Eric J. (2015), The Translation and Translator of the Peshitta of Hosea, Monographs of the Peshitta Institute Amsterdam 21. Leiden: Brill. Walter, D.M. (2008), Studies in the Peshiṭta of Kings, T&S3 7. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Weitzman, M. P. (1999), The Syriac Version of the Old Testament. An Introduction, UCOP 56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

Judith Ch. 



 

 





And Judith brought Elparna’s possessions, and the mosquito net which she had taken from the bedchamber, and dedicated them 1 to the Lord. The people rejoiced in Jerusalem, before the sanctuary, for a whole month. 2 Judith remained there with them, in Jerusalem. After that, 3 each man returned to his own tent, and Judith went to Beth-palu, to her property. She was honored throughout the whole country.

Many yearned to take her; but no man knew her, for the rest of her life, from the day when her husband Menashe died.

As long as she lived 4 she was greatly honored, she rose 5 to high honor; she grew old in the her husband Menashe’s house. She was one hundred and five years old when she died, in Beth-palu. She was buried in the cave with her husband Menashe.

The whole house of Israel mourned for her, for seven days. She had divided up her wealth before her death, to all the relatives of her husband Menashe, and to those who were her own relatives, and she gave her maids their liberty, 6

Not again was there anyone who frightened the Israelites, throughout Judith’s lifetime — and for a long time after her death.

‘dedicated them’: lit. ‘gave them as a votive offering’. ‘whole month’: lit. ‘month of days’. 3 ‘that’: lit. ‘these days’. 4 ‘lived’: lit. ‘was coming’. 5 ‘she rose’: lit. ‘until she rose’. 6 ‘gave her maids their liberty’: lit. ‘left her maids freed women’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬

‫ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝܰـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܢــܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܡـܢ ܩ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕܢܣܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܟܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܕܝـ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ܳܡ ܰܐ�ـ ̱‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܳܫܐ ܺ� ܰܪܚ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܚ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪ :‬ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܘܝ ݂ܬ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܬܡܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶـܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܶܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܝـܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܩ ܳܢ� ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܦܠܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ـܪ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܓ ܰܪܓـ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܣ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘ� ܰܚ ݂ܟ ܳܡـ ̇‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܰܝ ـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܚ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ‬ ‫ܬ ܛـ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܘܣܐ ݂ܒـ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ�ܐ‪ :‬ܡܐܪ ݂ܒ ܝܪ ܒܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܝܪ ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ̈ܝـܢ‪ܺ .‬‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡـܫ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ ܳܡـܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܦܠـܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒܡܥܰ ݂ܪܬܐ ܥܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ̇ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܓـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܦ ݂ܰ‬ ‫ܐܒܠ ܥܠ‬ ‫ܬ ܢܶ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ :‬ܘ�ܝܠܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܩ�ܝ ݂ܒܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܡܢܫܐ ݂ܒܥ�‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ � ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܺܚܐ � ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܫܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܫ ݂ܒܩ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܰ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܽ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ܶܚܠ ܠ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܟ�ـܗܘܢ ܝـܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

  

 

 





The Persians trembled at her boldness; the Medes were broken by her strength.

Then my humble ones shouted for joy, his sick cried out and fell: they raised their voice, but were broken. They stabbed them, as if they were young women; they slew them, like rebellious servants. They perished, as if by the army 1 of our Lord God. I will praise my God with a new song of praise. Mighty Lord, you are great, worthy of praise, a mighty man in battle, invincible.

All peoples will serve you, all the earth will be subjugated to you — your creation, for you spoke and it came to be — you set them in good order and they were (so) established, there is none who will oppose your word.

Mountains and their seas 2 will tremble from their depths, rocks melt like wax in your presence. But you will spare those who revere 3 you.

Though no sacrifice is sufficient for 4 a sweet savor, and even all the fat would not be enough 5 for the burnt offerings: but he who fears the Lord has always been under his protection. 6

Woe to the people who oppose my people — the mighty Lord will be avenged on them: on the day of judgment he will take vengeance on them, he will exact (vengeance) from them. He will consign their flesh to fire, to the worm; they will burn in wickedness forever. When she came to Jerusalem and worshipped the Lord, when the people were purified, when they brought their burnt offerings and sacrifices to the Lord unceasingly,

‘army’ or ‘retinue’. A different Syriac word from that in e.g. Judith 16:5 and previous verses. 2 ‘Mountains and their seas’: lit. ‘The mountains from their foundations with their waters’. 3 ‘revere’: lit. ‘fear’. 4 ‘though no sacrifice is sufficient for’: lit. ‘for little is all sacrifice for’. 5 ‘even all the fat would not be enough’: lit. ‘inadequate is all fat’. 6 ‘under his protection’: lit. ‘multiplied to him’. 1



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܥܘܫܢܶܗ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܙܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ܳܪ ܽܚ ݂ܘܬܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ̱ܘ ܳܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܝܰ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩܥܰܘ ݁ܟ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܫ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ�ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܳܡ ܽ�ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ .‬ܐ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ܕܡ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܡܢ ܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܪ ݁ܒ ܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـܚ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ � ܳܠـܗ ̱ܝ ܬܫܒـ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ܚـ ݂ܕܬܐ‪ .‬ܡܪ�ـܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝ�‪ :‬ܘ� ܶܡ ݁ܙܕ ݂ ܶܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܚܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܠـ ݂ܟ ܬܫܬܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܟ�ـܗ ܐܪܥـܐ‪ .‬ܒܪ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ܪܬ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘܣ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܪܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ܰܝܡ ̱ܘ‪ .‬ܘܠܝܬ ܡܢ ܕܠܡ ݂‬ ‫ܽܢܩܘܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܣ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܛ ܘ� ܐ ܡ ܢ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܫܘܥܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܫܥ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪ .‬ܘܥܠ ܕܚܠܝ ݁ܟ ܬܚܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܬܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܺܨܝـܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܬܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫�ܪܝܫ ܣ‬ ‫ܘܪ�ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܟܠ ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܢܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܚܠ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠܙ ݂ ܰܒܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܪ ݁ܒ ܽ ̱ܗܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܶ‪ .‬ܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳܘܝ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܶܐܡ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ݁ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܠ ݁ ܶܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ�ܥـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܥܘܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ܣـܪܗܘܢ �ܢـܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܐܩܕܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܫ ܳܥܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܺܘܢ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ݁ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܕ ܰܟܕ ܶܐ ܳܬܬ݀ ܽ� ܺ‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝـܘ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ܕ ܐܬܕܟـܝ ܥܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡܐ‪ܶ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܝܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂ܒ ̈ܶܚܐ ܠܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

Chapter  Judith’s thanksgiving 1

 





 

  

Judith said: Praise the Lord with tambourines, sing to him with cymbals, praise him with a new praise, exalt him, call on his name.

You are God, who brings wars to an end. 2 Lord, you set your camp in the midst of your people, to save them from the hand of their oppressors.

The Assyrian came from the mountains of the north: he came with myriads of his army, in their multitude they choked up the rivers, their horses covered the heights. They threatened 3 to destroy my borders, to slay my youths with the sword, to dash the infants to the ground, to take the boys into captivity, (to take) the virgins as spoil.

The Mighty Lord deceived them, by the hand of a woman he put them to shame. For it was not the youths who felled their mighty ones, 4 nor did the children of the powerful strike a blow against him, nor did giants 5 lay them low — but Judith, the daughter of Merari, beguiled him with her beauty. 6

She laid aside her widow’s apparel 7 for the glory of the suffering of Israel. She anointed her face with perfume. She bound her tresses in a net, put on her long clothes, so as to lead him astray.

Her sandals caught his eye, her beauty captured his soul — her scimitar severed his neck. ‘Judith’s Thanksgiving’: lit. ‘The Hymn/Praise of Judith’. ‘brings wars to their end’: lit. ‘shatters wars’. 3 ‘threatened’: lit. ‘said’. 4 ‘it was not the youths who felled their mighty ones’: lit. ‘it was not from the youths that their mighty ones fell’. 5 ‘giants’: lit. ‘men tall in height’. 6 ‘her beauty’: lit. ‘beauty of her face’. 7 ‘widow’s apparel’: lit. ‘garments of her widowhood’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܝܘ‪.‬‬

‫݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ‬ ‫ܬܫܒ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܰ .‬ܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ̈ܦܠ ܰ ݁ ܶܓܐ‪ܰ .‬ܙܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ݁ܒ ܺ̈ܨ ܨ�‪ܰ .‬ܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ ̱ܘ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ܚ ܰܕ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܬܫ ݁ ܽܒ ݁ ݂‬ ‫ܡܪܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪܝـ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫ ܶܚܩ ܩ� ݂ܒـܐ‪ .‬ܡܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕܣܡـܬ ܡ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܦ ܰܪܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܺܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܳܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳܬܐ ܳܐ ܽܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ�ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܛܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݁ܒ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶـܗ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܽܣـܘܓ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܗܘܢ ܣ ݂ ܰܟـܪ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ�‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ܟܫܗܘܢ ܟܣܝܘ �ܡ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܓـ ݁ ܽ ̈ܕܘ݂ ܰܕܝ ܢ ܰܩ ܶܛـܠ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ܽ� ̈‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܢܫ ܶܩ ݂ـܦ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ‪ .‬ܘܛ�ܝܐ ܢ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ̈ܘ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܛܠܰܡ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܺ ݁ .‬ܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܗ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܐ ݂ܦـ� ܶܡـܢ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܚ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܡܛ ܽܠ ܕ� ̱ܗܘ ܳܐ ܡܢ ܓܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܬܐ ܐܪܡܝ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܐ� ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ݂ܕܪܡܝܢ ܒܩ ݂‬ ‫ܡܚܐ ̱‬ ‫ܳܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ̈̇ ܰ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܪܪܝ‪ :‬ܒܫ ݂ܘܦܪ ܐ ݂ܕܐܦܝܗ ܫܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܰܒـ ̈ܘܗܝ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܠܬܫܒـ‬ ‫ܫ�ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪݂ :‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܒ ݂ܒܣܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܽ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܰܫ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܓ‬ ‫ܛ� ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬ ̇ܝܗ ܠܡ‬ ‫ܐܣܪ ݂ܬ ܓ ݂ܕܘ�ܝܗ ܒܣܪ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ̈̇ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܢܪܗ ܰܨ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ‪݁ .‬ܦ ܰܣܩ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܛ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܣ�ܝܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 













When she came out to them, they gathered around her, all together, and said: You are the pride 1 of Jerusalem, the boast of Israel, the glory of our people.

For you did all these (deeds) by your hands, you have done good to Israel: the Lord was well pleased with this. You will be blessed 2 by the mighty Lord forever. All the people said: Amen, amen. For three days, the people thoroughly searched the Assyrian camp. They gave Judith Elparna’s tent, and all its furniture, 3 his bed, his cattle, and his equipment. She took them, and loaded the mules, yoked her heifers and loaded 4 them with the baggage. 5 All the women of Israel ran to her and gathered around her. They chose from them a group of praise-singers. She took palm branches in her hand, and gave them to the women who were with her.

She set on her head a crown of olive (leaves), she and her companions; all the noblemen of the house of Israel came, and all the noble women of Israel. All the Israelites came with them as they prepared themselves 6 and set crowns (on their heads). They sang praises. 7 Judith shouted aloud her thanksgiving, to all Israel, and all the people joined in 8 the praise of the Lord.

‘pride’: lit. ‘height’. ‘You will be blessed’ or ‘May you be blessed’. 3 ‘all its furniture’: lit. ‘all the contents/articles of his tent’. 4 ‘loaded’: lit. ‘set on’. 5 ‘the baggage’: lit. ‘them’. 6 ‘prepared themselves’: lit. ‘were equipping’. 7 ‘They sang praises’: lit. ‘Praise was in their mouth’. 8 ‘joined in’: lit. ‘answered’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ ܺ ̱ܗܝ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ̱ܘ‪ܰ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܡ ̇‬ ‫ܪܟ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ‪ :‬ܘܫܘ ݂ܒܗܪܗ ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪݂ :‬ܘܬܫ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܘܥ ݂ܒ ـܕܬ ̱ܝ ܛ ݂ܒ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܥــܡ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰܡ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܨ ܛ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܡܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܠܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ .‬ܐ ܺܡܝܢ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܪܝــܢ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܰܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ܰܝ ـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܪܝـ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘ��ܶــܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܕܡــܐ ܠ ݂ܬܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶـܗ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܺܠܝ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܪܣـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺܝـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰܐ� ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܰܒ ـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰ� ـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܕ ܰܢـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܢܶܝܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ ܶ ݂̈ܓܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܣܡ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ� ݁ ܳܟـ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܓ ݁ ܰܒـ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ܶ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ� ܶܗܛ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܝـܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܟܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ ܶ� ݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ �ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܡܫܒܚ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫ ̇ܗ ܺܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܣܡ ݂ܬ ܟ��� ݂ܕܙ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܒـ� ݂ܬ ̇ܗܶ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢܝ̈‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܝ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ݁ܟ� ̈��‪݂ .‬ܘܬܫ ݁ ܽܒ ݁‬ ‫ܡܙ ܺܝܢܝܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܺܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̇ܗ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܶـܗ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܢܶـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܒ ݂ܬܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܥܢܝ ܶܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫݁ܽ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܬܫܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 







 



Chapter 

When those in the tents heard, they wondered what could have 1 happened.

Fear and trembling fell upon them. No-one waited for his companion, but turned away: they all fled, by every path through the plains and the mountains.

Those who were living in the mountains and in the fortified areas (also) took to flight. 2 Then the Israelites went out against them, all the fighting men, they were poured out upon 3 them. Uziah sent, throughout the borders of 4 Israel, to tell them what had happened, and that they should all go forth against the enemies and strike them down.

When the Israelites heard, they fell upon them, all together; they slaughtered them, (reaching as far as) Hoba. So too did the inhabitants 5 of Jerusalem, who came from all the mountains (roundabout), for all that had been done to the camp of their enemies had been reported to them; and those in Gelad and Galilee went out to (join) them. They struck a great blow against them, they passed beyond Damascus and its borders. The rest of the inhabitants of Beth-palu fell upon the Assyrian camp; they despoiled it, they took captive(s), they grew very rich.

The Israelites returned from battle, and took control of the rest of the cities in the mountains and the plains. They took a great deal of spoil. The high priest Joiakim came, and the elders of Israel who lived in Jerusalem, to speak peace with Judith.

‘could have’: lit. ‘indeed had’. ‘took to flight’: lit. ‘put to flee’. 3 ‘poured upon’: possible ISC of an original ‫ܢܣܒ‬. See Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘throughout the borders of’ or ‘within the territory of’. 5 ‘inhabitants’: lit. ‘children/sons’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫ ܰܡܥ ̱ܘ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܥܠܰܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠܰـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݁ܬܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܶܒ ـܗ‪ .‬ܐ�‬ ‫ـܬܐ ܘ ݂ܪܬܝـ ܽ ݂‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܕܚܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܪܩ ̱ܘ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐܘ� ܳܚܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܛܘ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝܠܶܝــܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܥـ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒܛــܘ� ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܺܟܝــܢ‪ܳ :‬ܣܡ ـ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪܩ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܕܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݁ܽ ܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܢܶܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܰܢ ݁ܘܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܥܰـܠ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ܠ ݂ܟ�ـܗܘܢ ܬܚܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ̈‬ ‫�ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܚܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܠـ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܛܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ̈ ܽ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܛܘ�ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠܚܘ ݂ܒܐ‪ .‬ܗ ݂ܟܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܦ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰܡܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠܡܫܪ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܥ ݂ܕ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܓܠ ܺ ܳܝ�‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܡܚܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܡܚ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܣܘܩ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽܘ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ ܘ ݂ ܰܒـܙ �ܘ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒـܘ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܥܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܪ ̱ܘ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܟܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒܛܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܢ ܩܪ ݂ܒܐ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܩܥ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܒ ݂ܙܬܐ ܣܓ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒـܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܡܠܠܘ ܫ�ܡܐ ܥܡ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 



He entered the tent which Judith had occupied — but he did not find her. He went out to the people and said to them:

The servants have deceived their lord, and this one Hebrew woman has brought this disgrace on 1 the house of Nebuchadnezzar. For See! Elparna lies headless on the ground.

When the Assyrian commanders in chief heard his words they tore their tunics and were very afraid, in the midst of the camp.

1

‘brought this disgrace on’: lit. ‘made this disgrace in’.



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ـܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦـܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܚ ̇‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ‬ ‫ܛܠܰܡ ̱ܘ ܥ ݂ܒܕ ܐ ܡ�ܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܒܗܬ ݂ܬܐ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܐ ܡܢ ܥ ݂ܒ��ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩܝܠ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ݁ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܬܝ ̈� ܳܝ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܡ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ � ܒـܝ ܚ�ـ� ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‪ :‬ܨܪܝـܘ ܟـ‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ ܛ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܡܫܪ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 



  XVII

 



Now, tell me all that you did during those days. She told 1 him all that she had done, from the day when she went out until the day when she spoke with them. When she finished speaking the people cried out aloud, and the sound of rejoicing was heard in their city.

When Ahiod saw all that God had done for Israel, he believed in God. He circumcised himself, and joined 2 the people of the house of Israel, until the present day. When dawn broke 3 they hung Elparna’s head outside the wall. Each took up his weaponry; 4 they went out, camp by camp, 5 to the way up in the mountains. When the sons of Assyria saw them they sent to their noblemen, to the captains of thousands, to all their leaders.

They went to Elparna’s tent. They said to Boga who was in charge of all his affairs: Go in! Wake our lord! For men have ventured to descend upon us to give battle — they will be wiped out. 6 So Boga came, and knocked at the entrance 7 of the tent, for he thought that he was sleeping with Judith. But when no-one answered him he opened (the tent flap) and went in to the bedchamber. He found Elparna lying naked and headless 8 —

He cried out aloud, wept and groaned, 9 and with a great cry he tore his clothes. ‘tell … told’: two different Syriac roots. ‘joined’: lit. ‘was added to’. 3 ‘broke’: lit. ‘came up’. 4 ‘weaponry’: lit. ‘the articles of his weapons’. 5 ‘camp by camp’ or ‘to/by a camp’. (The text could instead mean that they went up into an Assyrian camp.) 6 ‘be wiped out’: lit. ‘perish forever’. 7 ‘entrance’: lit ‘court’. 8 ‘headless’: lit. ‘his head taken from him’. Similarly Judith 14:20. 9 ‘wept and groaned’: lit. ‘with weeping and with groans’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܰܚ ܳܘܐ ̱‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܡܠܳܠܽܘ‪ :‬ܩܥܰܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܬ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰܡـܥ ܳܩـܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܓ ܰܙܪ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܶܠ‪ܰ :‬ܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝ ݂ܘܕ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܕ ܽܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܠ ݂ܘܬܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܠ ܰܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܣܠܶܩ ܰܫ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܰܠܘ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܰܙܝܢܶܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܩ ܳܢܐ ݁ܕܛܘ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ‪ܰ :‬ܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ܰ� ݁ ܰܒـܝ ܐ ̈ܠ ݂ ܶܦـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܫܠܝܛ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶــܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܓـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩــܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܐܠܦܪܢــܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܡــܪ ̱ܘܽ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܽ .‬ܥܘܠ ܰܐܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܪܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܪܝ ̱ܗܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܚ ݂ܬ ܥܠܰܝـܢ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܘܓܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܩܫ ܒ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܡ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܐܙܠ ܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ܶܚܗ ܶ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܥܢܝ ̱ܗܝ‪݁ :‬ܦ ݂ܬܚ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܠܩ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܛܠ‪ܺ .‬‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩܝܠ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܨ ܺܪܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܓܥܐ ݂ܒܩ� ܪܡܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܢܚ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 



 





Chapter 

Judith said to them: Listen to me, my brothers. Take this head, hang it high up 1 on the wall.

Then, when dawn breaks 2 and the sun rises over the earth, each shall take up his weapons of war. Then you will out, every fighting man, outside the city. You will appoint a chief over you, and you will go out as if into the plain to attack the first guard-post of the sons of Assyria. And you will not go down.

Then they will take up their weapons and go to their camp, and rouse their commanders. They will run to Elparna’s tent, but they will not find him. Fear will fall on them, they will flee before you. And you will go, all who live within Israel’s border, 3 you will strike (them) down, lay them low in their tracks. 4

But before you do this, 5 call Ahiod the Ammonite, so that he will see and recognize him who despised 6 those of the house of Israel and sent him to us as to death. So they summoned Ahiod, from Uziah’s house. When he came, and saw Elparna’s head, in the hands of one of the men in the crowd of people, he fell on his face, he collapsed. 7

When they took him, raised him up, he fell at Judith’s feet and made obeisance before her, and said to her: Blessed are you, among all my people. Your fame 8 will be heard and be revered. 9

‘high up’: lit. ‘on the upper part’. ‘dawn breaks’: lit. ‘when morning dawns’. 3 ‘within Israel’s border’ or ‘within the territory of Israel’. 4 ‘their tracks’: lit. ‘the ways’. 5 ‘this’: lit. ‘these things’. 6 ‘despised’: the text reads ‘healed’, but this makes poor sense. Probable ISC of root �‫ ܣ‬to root ‫ܐܣܐ‬. See Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘he collapsed’: lit. ‘his spirit was cut short’. 8 ‘fame’: lit. ‘report’. 9 ‘be heard and be revered’: lit. ‘they will hear … and they will fear (it)’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܝܕ‪.‬‬

‫ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ .‬ܫ‬ ‫ܘܡܥܘܢ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܣ ݂ܒܘ ܪܝܫܐ ܗܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܠܘ ܒ�ܥ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܕ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܪ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܬܣ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܳܡ ܰܐܢـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܶܒܗ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰܚ‬ ‫ܝܠـܬܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ـܪܬܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܦܩܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕܠ ݂ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܥـܬܐ ܥܰـܠ ܡܛ ݂‬ ‫ܳܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂‬ ‫ܫܪܝـܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢܥܺܝـܪܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢܗܘܢ‪ܺ .‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܢܶܣ ݂ܒܘܢ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܙܠـܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫�� ݁ ܰܒـܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܽܚܘܢܶܗ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܶ ݁ ܶܦـܠ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܗܛܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܪܩܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܠܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܙܠܘܢ ܰܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܛܚـܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪݁ :‬ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡـܘܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ݂ܘܬ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܝـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܥ ܰ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‪ܺ �ܰ :‬ܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܪܘ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ� ݁ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ �ܘ ݂ܬܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܐܣܠܝ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܒܐܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ �ܚܝܘ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܩܪܐ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܒ ݂ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ݂ܕܥܡܐ‪݂ .‬ܢܦܠ ܥܠ ܐܦܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܟܪܝ ݂ܬ ܪܘܚܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܗܝ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܰܺ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ܥܰܠ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܣܓـ ݂ܕ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡܝـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐܩ ܽ ̱ܰ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܘܢ ܶܫܡܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܢܶ ݂ܕܚܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥܰ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 

Uziah said to her: You are blessed, my daughter, by the most high God, 1 above all women on earth. Blessed be the Lord who created the heavens and the earth, who directed you so that you could take the head of the chief of our enemies. For your glory will not fail from the hearts of men who remember forever the power of God.

May God make these (deeds be remembered) in your honor 2 forever, may he provide for you well, for you had no regard for your life (when weighed against) 3 our humiliation, but went forth to confront 4 our people’s calamity, you went directly before our God. All the people said: Amen, amen.

‘most high God’: lit. ‘God the exalted’. ‘in your honor’: lit. ‘to you’. 3 ‘(when weighed against)’: lit. ‘because of’. 4 ‘to confront’: lit. ‘because of’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ܰܪܨ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܣ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ܟ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܳ�ܢܶ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝܢ ܰܚܝܠܶܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰـܡ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐܢܶܝܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܥܪ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܠܛـ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܚܠ ݂ـܦ ݁ܕ�‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܰܡـܢ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܣـܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ܽܡـ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦ ݁‬ ‫ܳܚ ݁‬ ‫ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܽ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܐ ܺܡܝـܢ‬ ‫ܡܦ‬ ‫ܘܠܬܢ‪ .‬ܘܗܠ ݂ܟܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪܝܨ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 





 









She put it in the bag of provisions. 1 The two of them went out together, as (they had done) at the time for prayer. They passed through the Assyrian camp, round the whole valley, went up into the city, and came to the gate.

Judith said to the guards from afar off: Open the gates for me, open! For our God is with us, who has given power to Israel, and strength (to oppose) their enemies as today. When the men of the city heard her voice, they hurried to open the gates of their city for her. They called to the elders of the city.

They all ran, the least and the greatest, for they were amazed that she had come. 2 They opened the gates and received them. They lit a fire for them to see by 3 and gathered round 4 them. She raised her voice and said to them: Give thanks to the Lord our God, who has not withdrawn 5 his favor from Israel, but has shattered our enemies, by my hand, this (very) night. She brought out the head from the bag, showed (it to them) and said to them: See! The head of Elparna, the chief of the Assyrian army. And see! The mosquito net in which he fell 6 in his drunken stupor: 7 the Lord broke him, by a woman’s hand.

May the Lord live, who protected me on the way in which I went — but my face seduced him. He did not commit a sin involving me in impurity and shame. 8

All the people were amazed; they fell down and worshipped the Lord. All said together: Blessed be the Lord our God, who has shattered the enemies of his people today.

‘provisions’: a different Syriac term from that in Judith 2:8, 11:10. ‘they were amazed that she had come’: lit. ‘the affair was astonishing to them that she had come’. 3 ‘for them to see by’: lit. ‘it might be seen for them’. 4 ‘gathered round’: lit. ‘surrounded’. So too Judith 15:10. 5 ‘withdrawn’: lit. ‘passed over’ 6 ‘fell’: lit. ‘was fallen’. 7 ‘drunken stupor’: lit. ‘drunkenness’ 8 ‘involving me in impurity and shame’: lit. ‘with me in the impurity of shame’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝــܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ�ܶ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܪܡܝـ ݂ܬܗ ܒ ݂ܬܪܡــ� ݂ܕܣܝܒـܪܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܢܦܩـ ̱ܝ ܬ�ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܝ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܰܢܚ� ܰܗܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘܣ�ܩ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݂ܕ‬ ‫ܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ� ̱ܝ ܠܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܬܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܢ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܩܐ‪݁ .‬ܦ ݂ܬܚ ̱ܘ ܺܠܝ ݂ܬ�ܥܶܐ‪݁ :‬ܦ ݂ܬܚ ̱ܘ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܰܗܢ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ ܽܗܘ‪݁ .‬ܕܝܰܗ ݂ܒ ܰܚܝ� �ܝܣ ܳܪܐܝܶܠ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢـܐ ܥܰـܠ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܗ ݁ܬ�ܥܶـܐ‬ ‫ܪܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܠܡ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܰ ̈ܫܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܩ�ܗ‪ .‬ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ � ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܺܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ݀ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܚܕܘ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨ ݂ܒ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ݂ܬ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ܽܪ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܕܘ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܢ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳ� ܰܐܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܳܩ ܳـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܐ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚ�ܢܶـܗ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܫـܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ܐܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܚܘܝܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳܗܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡ ܳ�‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܶܟ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܬ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‪݂ ݂ ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݁ܦܝܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܳܘ ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ‪݂ .‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܛܪ ̱ܢܝ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ܙܶ ̱ܠ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܛܥ� ̈ܝ ̱ܗܝ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ‪ .‬ܘ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܬ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܝ ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒܛܡܐ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܬ ܰܡܗܘ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠܡܪ�ܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܟ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܒܪܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܗܘ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܠܗܢ‪ .‬ܕ ݂ܬܒܪ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܠ ݂ܒܥܠܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕܥܡܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 



    

Chapter 

When it was evening, his servants stood up to go. Boga shut the tent door from the outside, and brought out all who were standing before his lord. Each man went, each to his own tent. 1 For they were weary, the banquet had gone on for so long. 2 And Judith remained, alone, in the tent. Elparna was lying on his bed, for he was overcome by the wine. 3

Judith had told her maidservant to stand outside the bedchamber and guard her when she went out, as she did every day, for she said: I am coming to pray. She said the same 4 to Boga too.

They all went from there, no-one, great or small, remained in the bedchamber. Judith stood at Elparna’s head. She said: Lord, Lord, God of all might, look at this hour on the work of my hands for the glory of Jerusalem, For this is a time to preserve 5 your inheritance, to accomplish the plot in my heart, to break the peoples who have risen up against us. She drew near to a pillar by Elparna’s head, drew his scimitar.

She drew near to his bed. She took hold of the hair of his head, and said: Strengthen me, O God of Israel, this day.

She struck his neck twice with the scimitar, took his head from his body. She rolled his corpse off his mattress, and took the mosquito net off the poles. After a short time she went out, and gave Elparna’s head to her maidservant.

‘his own tent’: lit. the house of his tent’. ‘the banquet had gone on for so long’: lit. ‘with the multitude of the banquet which was’. 3 ‘he was overcome by the wine’: lit. ‘the wine had increased upon him’. 4 ‘said the same’: lit. ‘spoke as these words’. 5 ‘preserve’: lit. ‘take care of’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܝܓ‪.‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܘܓܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܒܪ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܩ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ـܪܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕܗܘܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ�ܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫�ܚܘ݂ ܶܕ ̇ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܣܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܣܓܝ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܠܰܘܗܝ ܰܚܡܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܺ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܺܽ ܺ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܛܪ ܰܡ ݁ܦ ܳܩ ̇ܗ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘܡ ܠ ݂ܒܪ ܡܢ ܩ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܬ �‬ ‫݁ܰ ݂ ܽ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܽ ݂ ݁ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓܐ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܶܒ ܶ ݂ܟܠ ܝܘܡ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂ܐܬ�ܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܠܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ .‬ܐ ݂ܦ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܰܐܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ� ܐ̱ܢـܫ ܐܫܬܚـܪ ܒܩ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܠـ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܐܠܦܪܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ .‬ܡܪ�ܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܝܬ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܪܝܫܗ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܝ�ܘܢ‪ :‬ܚܘܪ ܒܫ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳܚ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܥܰܠ ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ̈� ܳܥ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܠܰܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ � ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܢܪܗ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܫ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܽܡܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚـܕ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫـܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢـܝ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܥـܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܣـܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܐ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܚ ܶܝܠ ̱‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬܗ ܺ‬ ‫�ܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܚ ݂ܬܗ ܥܠ ܨܘܪܗ ܒܢܐܢܪ ܐ ݂ܬܪܬܝܢ ܙ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܫܩ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܓ ̈‬ ‫ܠܬܗ ܶܡܢ ݂ܽ‬ ‫ـܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ‬ ‫ܘܥܓܠ ݂ܬܗ ܦ ݂ܓܪܗ ܡܢ ܬܫܘ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‪ .‬ܘܢܣܒ ݂ܬ ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦܪܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ ܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܩܠܝܠ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܬ ܘܝܗܒ ݂ܬ‪݂ � .‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

  

Judith said: I will drink, my lord, for today my life has become wonderful, 1 better than all the days when I was with them. So she took, and ate in his presence, what her maidservant had prepared for her.

Elparna rejoiced at her presence, 2 and drank a great quantity of wine — more than he had drunk in a single day — See! since he was born.

1 2

‘wonderful’: lit. ‘great’. ‘at her presence’: lit. ‘opposite her’.



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܰ̈ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܺܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܛـ ݂ܒ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܝܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝ ܚܝܝ ܝ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ .‬ܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫݁ܽ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂‬ ‫ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܢܣ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܶܘܐ ݂ܟܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܡܕܡ ܕ ݂ܬܩܢ ݂ܬ �ܗ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ ܶܠـܗ ܳܗ ݂ܟـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢܐ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒ�ܗ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕܝ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ݂‬ ‫ܐܫܬܝ ܰܚܡܪ ܐ ܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܡܢ ܕ ݂ܐܬܝܠ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 



 

 XVI







When she came in, she abstained (from food), 1 inside the tent, until she took food in the evening. It happened on the fourth day that Elparna gave a banquet, just for his servants. He invited none of the (other) workers, nor those supervising. He said to Boga the eunuch who was in charge of all he had: Go now, persuade this Hebrew woman who is with you to come to us, that she may eat and drink with us.

For it is shame on us, to let a woman like this go, not to speak with her. For if we do not have her company 2 she will laugh at us.

So Boga went from Elparna’s presence, came in to her and said: May the beautiful young woman not refuse to come before my lord, to be honored in his presence, to drink wine with us, to enjoy the company, 3 to be honored today, like one of the daughters of the Assyrian noblemen who are in attendance 4 in Nebuchadnezzar’s house.

Judith said to him: Who am I to say that we will not come in to my lord? For all that pleases him 5 I will do diligently: this will be my glory until the day of my death. She arose, she adorned herself with her decorations, with all the adornments of women. Her maidservant entered and spread out for her, before Elparna, on the ground, lambskins which she had taken from Boga to sleep on and to sit on to eat. Then Judith went in and sat down. Elparna’s heart was moved by her, he was turmoil, 6 for he desperately desired to be with her; from the day when he saw her he sought a time when he might know her. Elparna said to her: Drink, rejoice with us.

‘abstained (from food)’: lit. ‘remained in purity’. ‘if we do not have her company’: lit. ‘if we do not use/take advantage of her’. 3 ‘enjoy the company’ or ‘refresh yourself’. 4 ‘are in attendance’: lit. ‘stand in’. 5 ‘pleases him’: lit. ‘is beautiful in his eyes’. 6 ‘he was in turmoil’: lit. ‘his spirit was agitated’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܳ ܳܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢܣ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐ� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ܟـܬܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܟܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܐ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚـܘ݂ܕ‪ܰ .‬ܘ�̱ ܳܢـܫ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ �ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܘܩ ܽܝܘ ̈ܶܡܐ ܳ� ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܦ� ̈ܶܚܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ܶܠܗ‪ .‬ܙܶܠ ܺܢܐ ܐ ݁ ܺܦܝܣ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܩܐ ܺܡ ܶ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܶܟܠ ݁ ܺܕ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�̱ ݁ܢܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗܝ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ݁ܝܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ݂ܐܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܬܐ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬܢ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ�ܥܰܣ ݂ܘܬ‬ ‫ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܠܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܫ ݁ ܰܒܩ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܰ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݁‬ ‫ܢܡܠܶـܠ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕܐܢ ܳ� ܢܶ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܦ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܬ ݂ܓ ܰܚ ݂ܟ ܥܠܰܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ܶܘ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܥܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪݂ � .‬ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܟ� ܥܠ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܐܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܠܡ‬ ‫ܫܦܝܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ܰܡـܢ‬ ‫ܫܬ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܚܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒ ܳܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢـܐܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܬ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܣܡܝܢ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܗܘܝܢ ܝܰܘܡܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ̈ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‪ :‬ܕܩܝܡܢ ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܕ� ܳܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܰ .‬ܡܢ ܐ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܢ ܶܨܝـ ݂ܕ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ܳܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܶܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ ܺܠـܝ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܪ ܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪݂ :‬‬ ‫ܚܦܝܛܐ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܳܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܬܨܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ݂ܬ ܘܐܨ ܛܒ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‪ .‬ܘܥܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܝܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫݀‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓـܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢܐ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ‪ܶ :‬ܫ�ܚܐ ݂ܕܐܡ� ܐ ݂ܕܢܣ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ�ܥܰܣ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܙܝـܥ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒـܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪܦـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ܓ ܰܪܓ ܳܛـ ݂ܒ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒܥܶـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܝܗ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܕܥܺ ̇‬ ‫ܚܙ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚ ݂ ܳܕܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢܐ‪ .‬ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ �ܗ ܐ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 



  



Chapter 

Elparna 1 commanded that they would be acceptable 2 to her, and that they would give her (food) from his own supper and (drink) from the wine which he drank. But Judith said: I shall not eat it, lest I should be breaking our law; 3 but it is enough for me, (the food) that I have brought 4 with me.

Elparna said to her: But if it is consumed, where shall we find 5 (food) like it to give you? For there is no person of your people among us who would have (food) like it.

Judith said: May you live long, 6 my lord — your handmaid will not consume what she brought with her until God will have accomplished, by my hands, that which I have purposed. Elparna’s servants brought her to the tent. So she slept until the middle of the night. She got up at the time of the morning watch.

She sent to Elparna and said to him: May my lord command — may they allow 7 your handmaid to go outside, for prayer.

Elparna commanded the guard not to detain her. She remained in the camp (for) three days. At nighttime, she went out to the valley of Beth-palu, and bathed in the springs.

When she came up (from the springs) she prayed 8 to the God of Israel to direct her path for the restoration 9 of her people.

‘Elparna’: lit. ‘He’. ‘acceptable’: lit. ‘deemed worthy’. 3 ‘I should be breaking our law’: lit. ‘so that it may not be for me an offence’. 4 ‘I have brought’: lit. ‘came’. 5 ‘where shall we find’: ‘where to us’. 6 ‘May you live long’: lit. ‘May your soul live’. 7 ‘allow’: lit. ‘give leave’. 8 ‘prayed’: different Syriac root from that in ‘prayer’ in Esther 12:5. 9 ‘restoration’: lit. ‘stability’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܢܫ ܽܘܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܡܢ ܚܫܡ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܳ �ܳ .‬ܐ ݂ܟ ܳ� ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ‪ .‬ܐ� ܳܣ ݂ ܶܦـܩ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܺܠـܝ ݂‬ ‫ܠܬܘܩ ݂‬ ‫ܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺܠܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܐ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܢܶܓ ܰܡܪ ܶܠـܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܠ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܰܠـܢ ܠܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ܶܠܗ ܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡـܬ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܰ .‬ܚ ܳܝـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܟ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܕ� ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡـܪ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܪܥܺ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܥ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ‪ .‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܦ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥܠܽ ̇‬ ‫ܠܓܗ ݁ܕ ܺܠ� ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܟ ݂ ݀ ݂‬ ‫̱ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܡܛ ݁ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ̇ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘܬ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡـܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠـܗ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܫܒܩـܘܢܗ � ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ݁ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܦܩ ܠ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܳ̇ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢܐ �ܢܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ� ܢ ݂ܟܠܘܢܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܟܬܳܪ ݂ܬ ܒܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒܥܰ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳܝܐ‪̈.‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܦܩܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ �ܢܚ� ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܩܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܪܘܨ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܥܝـܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܡـܢ ܐܠـܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܩܝ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 

  



For your maidservant feared God, served before the God of the heavens by day and by night. Now I shall remain with you, my lord; your maidservant will go out at night to the valley, and I will pray to God. My maidservant will inform me, as their sins are committed. I will come and I will make it known to you. You will go forth with your army, and not a man of them will stand before you.

He will take you through the midst of Judea until you reach Jerusalem, and set your throne in its midst. 1 You will lead them like sheep that have no shepherd, not (even) a dog will bark 2 in your presence. For these (matters) were made known to me, 3 and I was sent so that I would speak with you. Her words pleased 4 Elparna and all his servants. They wondered at her beauty and her wisdom and said to her:

There is no woman like you 5, from one end of the earth to the other, in beauty of face, in words of wisdom. 6

Elparna said to her: God has done well, in that he has sent you ahead of the rest 7 of your people so that there will be a record for us, and destruction for those who despised my lord.

For now you are beautiful in appearance, of good understanding and speech. If you do as you have said, your God will be my God, and you will live in the king’s house, and you will be celebrated, 8 with a good name throughout the earth.

‘midst … midst’: two different Syriac roots. ‘bark’: lit. ‘bark with its tongue’. 3 ‘made known to me’: lit. ‘revealed in my knowledge’. 4 ‘pleased’: lit. ‘were fair before’. 5 ‘you’: lit. ‘this’. 6 ‘words of wisdom’: lit. ‘speech of perception’. 7 ‘rest’: lit. ‘sons’. 8 ‘celebrated’: lit. ‘excellent’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܬܟ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܠ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܦ ܶ‬ ‫�ܝـܐ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ‬ ‫�ܚ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܚܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ̱ܗܝ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ܬܪ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ݂ܘܬܗܘܐ ܢ ݂ܦܩܐ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܐ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‬ ‫�ܢܚ�‪ :‬ܘܐܨ � �ܠܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܚܘ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܰܘ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܘܗܝ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܶ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝܠܳـ ݂ܟ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩـܐܡ‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫ܐܘܕܥ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥ ݁ܒــ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܓــܘ ܝܺ ܽ‬ ‫ــܗܘ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܡ ܶܛــܐ ܽ�ܘ ܺܪܫܠܶــܡ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܣܝــܡ ݁ ܽܟــ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܥܬ ̇ܗ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ݂ܕܒܪ ܐܢـܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ �ܢـܐ ݂ܕܠܝـܬ � ̇‬ ‫ـܗ ܪܥܝـܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢ ݂ܒـܚ ܟ�ܒـܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܨ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝ‪ .‬ܘܐܫܬ݁ܕܪ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ� ܳܫܢܶܗ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ݁ܝܟ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܗܠܝܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܓܠܝ ݂ܒܡ ݁ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܫܦܪ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܘܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡـܪ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ـܕ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܣـ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܢ ܰܣـ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇‬ ‫ـܘܦ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܕܠ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡ�� ݂ܕܣܘܟ�‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܐܦܐ ܘ ݂ܒܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ܰ .‬ܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܠܡܪ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܕ ܳܢܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܣܠ ܺܝܘ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒܢ ܽܥ ̱ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ــܬ ̱ܝ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫـــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛ ݂ ܳܒـــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ــܪ ܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ــܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ــܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܶܙܘ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ݁ܬܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕܐ ܰܡ ݁ܪܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܳܠ ܶܗ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـܗ ̱ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡܐ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒ ݁‬ ‫ܡܝ ݁ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ܰ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 10









 

Now, my lord, the word which Ahiod spoke in the assembly in your presence: we have heard his words, for the city watch 1 received him and he told them everything which he had said in your presence.

Therefore, my lord, do not ignore his word, but take it to heart. For it is true: for our people is not subdued, 2 nor does the sword rule over them, unless they have sinned before their God.

Now, so that my lord’s action 3 will not be without effect — death will fall upon their people and a great sin will overtake them; they will enrage their God when they commit it.

For provisions are wanting and their water supply has run low 4 — so they have decided to slaughter 5 their cattle, and all that God has forbidden them to eat, in his laws. 6 they have resolved to eat

The first fruits of the grain, the wine and the oil — all of which they have kept, dedicated to the priests who stand before God in Jerusalem — they were willing to eat of them, even though they do not have authority to allow any one 7 of the children of the people 8 to come near. They have also sent to Jerusalem, for the inhabitants there too have done all the same, to those who brought the matter to them (for consideration by) the elders.

And when they will have sent, and they will have done this, they will be delivered up to you on that day, and you will destroy them. Because of this I too, your handmaid, when I saw these, fled from them; and God sent me so that I could do with you the thing — that the whole earth, those who will hear, will be amazed at it.

‘city watch’: lit. ‘city sons’. ‘subdued’: lit. ‘compelled’. 3 ‘my lord’s action’: lit. ‘my lord’. 4 ‘has run low’: lit. ‘has failed them’. 5 ‘slaughter’: lit. ‘rule over/prevail’. 6 ‘forbidden them to eat’: lit. ‘set apart/separated to them … that they should not eat’. 7 ‘they do not have authority to allow any one’: lit. ‘even though it is not in their hands lawful for any man’. 8 ‘sons of the people’: i.e. other than the priests. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܬܥܺـܝ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܒܢܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠ ̱‬ ‫݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܺܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪݂ � :‬ܬܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰܠ ܡܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪܝܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܳܫܠܛܐ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܛܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ܳܠܗ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܪܢ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܗܘܢ ܰܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܦـܠ ܡ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݂ ܶܒܗ ܰܡܪ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝܢ � ܳܠܗ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛܠܰܩـ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܣܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚܫ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܪܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ـ ܰܪܫ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡܫܠܰــܛ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒܥܺܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ�‬ ‫ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺܝܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܛـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܽܫـܘ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ‬ ‫�ܝܫܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܘܪ ܐ ܘ݂ܕܚܡـܪ ܐ ܘ݂ܕܡܫܚـܐ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܨ ܛ ݂ܒܝـܘ ܠܡܐ ݂ܟـܠ ܡـܢ ܗܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܐܦـ�‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܫܠܺܝܛ �̱ ܳܢܫ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘ ܺܪܫܠܶــܡ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܐܦ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡــܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܐܝـ ݂ـܟ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪�ܰ :‬ܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܘ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡـܘܢ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫ�ܚـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ـܕܘܢ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܘܬܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‪ܰ ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܢـܝ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܪܩ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕܪ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ܨ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܟ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܡܥـܢ ܶܡ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡـܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 







  





Chapter 

Elparna said to her: Take courage, woman, do not be so afraid, for I would not harm any man who wished to serve Nebuchadnezzar king of all the earth.

Now, these your people, who live on the mountain — had they not despised me I would not have lifted my hand against them — but these (things) they did at (the cost of) their lives.

Now tell me why you have fled from them and come to us: for in coming here you have preserved 1 your life. 2 From this night and afterwards you will live, For none will harm you, and I will do for you as is done for the servants of my lord.

Judith said to him: Hear the words of your maidservant: she 3 will speak in your presence. I will not lie 4 to you this night.

If you will hear my words, all will be delivered into your hands, all that God will do for you, and my lord will not fail to attain his ends 5 as long as he lives.

For — long live Nebuchadnezzar, king of all the earth, and long live his reign by which he sent you to bring order 6 to all the earth — for not only will mankind serve him, because of you, but the beasts of the field too, the cattle and the birds of the heavens, and they will recognize Nebuchadnezzar in your strength. We have heard (of) your wisdom, of your skill, 7 it is said everywhere 8 that you are unrivalled in 9 majesty, stupendous in knowledge, mighty in war. ‘preserved’: lit. ‘restored’. ‘you have preserved your life’: lit. ‘you have come for life, have courage’. 3 ‘she’: lit. ‘your maid-servant’. 4 ‘lie’: lit. ‘speak falsehoods’. 5 ‘fail to attain his ends’: lit. ‘fall from his stratagem’. 6 ‘bring order’: lit. ‘establish’. 7 ‘your skill’: lit. ‘the devices of your heart’. 8 ‘everywhere’: lit. ‘throughout the earth’. 9 ‘unrivalled in’: lit. ‘you alone are good in all’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢــܐ‪ .‬ܬܪܣـܝ ܐܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܬܐ‪݂ � :‬ܬ݂ܕܚܠܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛــܠ ݁ܕ�‬ ‫ܘܐܡــܪ �ــܗ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܐܫ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܨ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠܘܚ ܠܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ ܶܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܢܝ‪ܺ �ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܡ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܠـܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐܝܠܝـܢ ܕܥܡܪܝـܢ ܒܛ‬ ‫ܣ�ܝ ̱‬ ‫�ܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܺܐܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̱ܗ ܺܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܪ ݁‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬܢ‪ .‬ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܓܝܪ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ̈ܝܶܐ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܣܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܢ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܺܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܠ ݁ܬܐ ܶܚܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܰܗܪ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‬ ‫ـܕ ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܬ ݂ܟ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܬܡܠܠ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ .‬ܫܡܥ ܡ�ܝܗ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ� ܐܡܠܠ ܕ ܓܠ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈ܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ݁ܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܶܠܡ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܟܠ ݁ܕܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܶܨ ̈� ܳܥ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܟ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܘܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳܝـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫ـܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܫـ ݁ـܕ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫�ܚــܘ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫــܐ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥــܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܳܝ ܽܡــܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇‬ ‫�ܚــܘܢܶܗ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܚـܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪ .‬ܐ� ܐ ݂ܦ ܚܝ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕ ݂ܒܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥܝـܪ ܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܦܪ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚـܘ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟ‬ ‫ܫܡܥܢ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ ܘܨ� ܳܥ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܛ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܬܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܚ ݂‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܡܝܗ ܒܝ ݂ܕ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

  



  XV





When you stand before him, do not be terrified: 1 just explain why you have come, 2 and he will treat you well. 3

They chose one hundred men from among them, and they brought them, her and her young maid, 4 to Elparna’s tent.

A runner (went) throughout the camp, for her coming had been heard by those in the tents. They came, they surrounded her as she stood outside Elparna’s tent, until they spoke to him concerning her.

They were amazed by her beauty, and they accepted that her words were of great value. 5 Because of her, they wondered about the Israelites. Each said to his companion: Who could scorn a people in which there are women like these? It is not right 6 to leave one man of them (alive), for those remaining will be more cunning than any other people. 7 All Elparna’s attendants and his servants went out, and they brought her into the tent. Elparna was lying, resting on his bed, within a curtain of purple fabric interwoven with gold, emeralds, and precious stones. They spoke to him concerning her. He, when he heard, went out to the entrance to 8 his tent, with silver lamps preceding him, and they brought her to him. When Judith stood before him, before his servants, they all wondered at the beauty of her face. She fell on her face and made obeisance to him, and his servants took her and raised her up.

‘terrified’: lit. ‘fear in your heart’. ‘explain why you have come’: lit. ‘make your words known to him’. 3 ‘and he will treat you well’: lit. ‘and it will be good for you’. 4 ‘and they brought them, her and her young maid’: ‘and they delivered over her and her young maid, and brought them’. 5 ‘they accepted that her words were of great value’: lit. ‘they accepted her words, for they were very good’. 6 ‘right’: lit. ‘fitting’. 7 ‘for those remaining will be more cunning than any other people’: lit. ‘so that not, when they remain, they will be more cunning/wiser than the whole earth’. 8 ‘entrance to’: lit. ‘court’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܽܩ ܺ‬ ‫ـܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܝܘܗܝ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪݂ � :‬ܬ݂ܕܚܠܝܢ ݁ܒ� ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܐ� ܰܚ ܺܘ ̱‬ ‫ܘܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܛܐ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܓ ݂ ܰܒܘ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫ�ܡ ̇‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝܘ ܐܢܶܝܢ‬ ‫ܝܡܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܳܡܐܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܘܠܥܠ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦܪܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ �ܝܠܝــܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܪܗܛــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ�ــܗ ܡܫܪܝـ ݂‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛــܠ ܕܐܫܬܡܥ ـ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܐܬܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡــܐ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ـܪ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶ ـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܘ ܰܘ ݂ܟܪܝ ݂ܟܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ �ـ ̇‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡܢ ݁ܕܛ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܛـ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡـܪ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݁ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗ‪ܰ .‬ܡـܢ ܢܶ ݂ܒ ܶܣـܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܛܠ‬ ‫ܒܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ݂ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܫܐ‪ � .‬ܘ� ݂ܕܢܫܬܚܪ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܐ̱ܢܫ‪ .‬ܕ� ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܢܫܬܚـܪܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݁ܟ ܽܡܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܦ� ܰ ̈ܚ ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܥܠܽـ ̇‬ ‫ـܘܗ‬ ‫ـܕ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܠ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠـܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܙܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢܝـܚ ݁ܒܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݁‬ ‫ܐܪܓ ܳܘ ܳܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܣـܗ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܓـܘ ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦܐ ܛ ݂ ̈ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܙܡ�ܓ ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶـܗ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܠ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܢܦـܩ �ـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܡܦ ̈�ـ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܥܠܽ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܐ‪ :‬ܐܙ ̱ܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܘܦ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܘܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܝܬ ܩ ݂ ܰ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰܕ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ̇ ̈‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܘ ܺܐܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܠܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܗ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 





 



 

She said to them: Command those who open 1 the city gates. I shall go out, and I shall complete the matter about which you have spoken to me. So they commanded the young men to open the gates for her, as she had asked, And the city watch did so. So Judith went out, she and her young maid with her. The city watch observed until she had gone down from the mountain. When she went straight into 2 the open country they saw her no more. She went directly into the heart of 3 the valley. She reached the first guard post of the sons of Assyria.

They seized her and asked her: 4 What is your news? From where have you come? Where are you going? She said to them: I am a daughter of the Hebrews. I have fled from them, for they are prepared to be delivered up to you to be devoured. 5

I have come to Elparna, the chief of your army, so that I can make known to him some reliable information. 6 I shall show him a way by which he may go and gain control of the whole mountain: not one of the men, not a living being, 7 will escape his notice. 8 When the servants heard her words they looked at her face — they were amazed by her beauty. 9 They said to her:

You have saved your life 10 by coming down at once 11 to see our lord. Now, approach his tent. One of us will escort you until they can hand you over to him. 12 ‘those who open’: lit. ‘the openers of’. ‘straight into’: lit. ‘directly into the midst of’. 3 ‘the heart of’: lit. ‘the midst of’. 4 ‘and asked her’: lit. ‘and asked her and were saying to her’. 5 ‘to be devoured’: lit. ‘for food’. 6 ‘some reliable information’: lit. ‘a word of truth’. 7 ‘men, not a living being’: lit. ‘children of flesh, nor a breath of life’. 8 ‘escape his notice’: lit. ‘be lost from him’. 9 ‘were amazed by her beauty’: lit. ‘were amazed by her beauty in their eyes exceedingly’. 10 ‘saved your life’: lit. ‘saved your life for good’. 11 ‘coming down at once’: lit. ‘you have hastened you came down’. 12 ‘hand you over to him’: lit. ‘deliver you into his hands’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡــܪ ݂ܬ݀‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܠــܡ‬ ‫ܐܦــܘܩ ܘ‬ ‫�ــܗܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܦ ܽܩــܘ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬ ܺܚܝــܢ ܬ�ܥــܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ــ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̈ܝ ܶܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ܽܚܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܬ�ܥܶܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܐ ݂ܕܡܠ‬ ‫ܠܬܘܢ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܺܽ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪ .‬ܘ݂ ܳܕܩـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܘܥܒܕܘ ܒܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܟܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݂ܦܩܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܗܝ ܘܛܠ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݂ ̈ ݂ ̱ ܺ ݁ ܳ ݂ ܰ ܳ ̱ ܶ ݂ ݁ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܽ ݂ ܳ ܰ ݂ ݂ܶ ݁ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܽ ܳ ݂ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܒܢܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܢܚܬ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܛܘܪ ܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܢܚܬ ݂ܬ �ܘܠܘܢܐ‪ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܚܙ ܐ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ܙ ̱ܠ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܐܘܠ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ‪݂ .‬ܘܦ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬ ܒܡܛܪܬܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ݂ܬܪ ܳܝܨ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ� ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܡܐ ܶܛ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܬ ݁‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ̇‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ̇‬ ‫ܝܟـܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܒـܪ ݂ܬ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳ��ܶـܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ‪ .‬ܘܥ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܪܩ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܠܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳܠ ܽܡܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܠܡ ݂ܐܟ‬ ‫ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫�ـܘܬ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݁‬ ‫ܫܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܘܕܥܶـܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕܩـܘ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܘܗܝ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢܶܛܥܶـܐ ܶܡܢܶـܗ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢ ܰܐܙܠ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܢܫܠܛ ܒ ݂ܟܠܗ ܛ‬ ‫ܐܚ ܺܘ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳ� ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ـܘ ܥܰ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ـܕ ܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝ ـ ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬ܚــܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܐܦ ̈ܝ ـ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܺܡܝــܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܽܫـ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܰ ܳ ̱ ݂‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܛ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݁‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺܚ ݁‬ ‫ܐܣܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ݁ ܺܟܝـܠ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܕ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶــܗ‪ .‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫــܐ ܶܡ ܰܢــܢ ܰܢܘ ݁ܒܠܽــܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ݂ܒ ـ ̱ܝ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫ�ܡــܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

Chapter 

  





  

When Judith ceased crying out to the God of Israel, had completed all her pleas, 1 She arose: she had been prostrate. She called to her young maid and went down to her house, where she spent Sabbaths and festivals.

She loosened the sackcloth (garment) which she wore, and cast off the signs 2 of her widowhood. She washed her mouth with water; she anointed (herself) with fine oil; she anointed the hair of her head;

She put sandals on her feet; she dressed in the garments of her high rank which she wore in the days of the life of Menashe her husband; she put a headband on her head, and put on her bracelets, bangles, rings, ear-rings, and all her ornament(s). She adorned herself with great care so as to attract 3 any man who looked at her.

She gave her maid a wineskin and a vessel containing oil; she filled a bag with barley meal, with cakes of dried figs, and bread, and she put a cheese in it. She packed these up 4 and gave them to her maid to carry. 5 The two of them went out, and they came to the city gate. There they found Uziah and the city elders, Habri and Carmi.

They saw that her appearance was transformed, 6 and that she had put on long garments. They were amazed by her beauty, and said to her:

May the God of our fathers look favorably on you, and may you complete your plan for the honor of the Israelites and the glory of Jerusalem. She fell on her face and made obeisance to God.

‘her pleas’: lit. ‘these words/matters’. ‘signs’: lit. ‘articles/garments’. 3 ‘attract’: lit. ‘allure the eyes of’. 4 ‘packed these up’: lit. ‘girded her articles’. 5 ‘gave them to her maid to carry’: lit. ‘and she set (them) on her maid’. 6 ‘that her appearance was transformed’: lit. ‘the transformation of her face’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܓ ܳܥـܐ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܐܠـܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ـܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܰ‬ ‫�ܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ݂ܕ ܽܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܚܬ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܩܡ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܕܪܡܝܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ‪ .‬ܘܩܪ ݂ܬ ܠܛܠ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥ̈ ݂ ܶܐܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܓـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܫܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܪܡܠܽ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܠܣ ܳܩـܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ـܘܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܐܫ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽܦܘ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܥܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ܬ ܡ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̈ܶ ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫــܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܣܢ̈ ـܐ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠܶܝـ ̇‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܘܣܡـ ݂‬ ‫ـܗ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܒܫـ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ܡܐ ܢ ـܐ ݂ܕܚــܐܪ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ـܗ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ـܗ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰ� ـ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܰܚ ܰ� ـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܣ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܟ ـܐ ݂ܒܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫــܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ�ـ ̇‬ ‫ܝܫـ ̇‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܳ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܶ ̈ ̇ ܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܳܽܩ ̈ܘܠ ݁ ܶܒܝ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ̈ܩ ܳ�ܢܶܝ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ�ܙܩ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܩ ݂ܕܫܝـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠـܗ ܨ ݂ܒـܬܗ‪ .‬ܘܐܨ ܛܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܚܛ ݂ܦ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶܙܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘܐ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ ܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܡܠ ܳ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܐܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܝܗܒ ݂ܬ � ݂‬ ‫ܪܡـ� ܫܚܬ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݀‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ܥـܠ‬ ‫ـܬ ܡܐ�ܝـ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܣܡ ݂‬ ‫ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܒ� ܘܠܚܡܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܪܡܝ ݂ܬ ܬܡܢ ݁ܓ ݂ܒـܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܚܙܩ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ̈ܚ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦ ̈ܩ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ� ݁ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫�ܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘܠ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ̈ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܠܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ� ܳܦܐ ܰܕ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܛܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ̱ܘ ܛـ ݂ܒ ܥܰـܠ ܽܫ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܡܝܢ ܺܨܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ � ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܝܥ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ � ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 





  







For look! the Assyrians have grown numerous in their strength, have exalted themselves with their horses and their horsemen, They have exalted 1 themselves with the strength 2 of their foot-soldiers, strengthened themselves with swords. They put their trust in bows and slings. They did not know that you are he, the Lord who stamps out 3 wars. The Lord is your name. Break their strength, O King of the ages; shatter their multitude; break their might in your anger, for they planned to defile the sanctuary of your habitation, of the glory of your name, to break up 4 with iron (tools) the horns of your altar. Look on their pride — send your anger upon them; 5 give into my hands, widow as I am, the strength (to do) as I purpose. Strike the man with the deceit of my lips — the head, the ruler. Break his strength with a woman’s hand!

For it is not in the greatness 6 of his might, of his strength, nor in your favor to the mighty — for you are the God of the humble, helper of the weak, support of the sick, deliverer of the lost.

Yes, Lord God of my father, God of the inheritance of Israel, Lord of the heavens and the earth, creator of water, king of all creatures: hear the voice of my supplication.

Use 7 my guile and my deception for slaughter, to strike these who oppose 8 your covenant, who stand before the house of your sanctuary and the mountain of Zion, (who oppose) the power of your children, for they have intended evil concerning us: Do (so) to all the people, all the tribes, that they may know that you are the God of every power, of every authority, that there is no other who cherishes Israel, (none) other than you. ‘exalted’: different Syriac root from that in Judith 9:6. ‘strength’: lit. ‘arm’. 3 ‘stamps out’: lit. ‘shatters’. So too Judith 16:3. 4 ‘break up’: lit. ‘lay low/cast’. 5 ‘upon them’: lit. ‘on their head’. 6 ‘greatness’: lit. ‘multitude’. 7 ‘Use’: lit. ‘Give’. 8 ‘oppose’: lit. ‘stand before’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܫــܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ�ــܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡــ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܓܝــܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܳ��ܶــܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝــܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܬܩܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶ�ܓ ܳ� ܳܝܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬܥܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܟܠܝـܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܫܢܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܶܦـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܩ ̈ܫܬ ݂ܬܐ ܘܩ�ܥܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܕܐܢ̱ܬ ̱ܗܘ ܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܶܚܩ ܩ� ݂ܒܐ܆‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ــܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ــܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـــܪ ܰܚܝ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡـــ ݂ܟ‪ܰ .‬ܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ܪ�ـــܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ� ̈ܡـــܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܫ ܽܚـــܘܩ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܬ ݂ܟ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺܝـܘ ܠܡܛܡـܐܘ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܽܝ‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܽܥـܘܫܢܗܘܢ ܒܚ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦ�ܙ� ܰܩ� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܩܕܫܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ܽܪܘܓـ ܳـܙ ݂ܟ ܥܰــܠ ܺܪܝܫـ ܽ‬ ‫ܚـ ܺـܙܝ ݂ܒ ܽܫــܘ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫ـܕܝ ݁ ܺܕܝܠـ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺ ݁‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪ܽ :‬ܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܐܪܡ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܚܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܠܝܛܐ‪݁ .‬ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܽܥـܘܫܢܶܗ‬ ‫ܛܥ� ܽܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܣ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܠ ܪܝܫܐ‬ ‫݁ ܺ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܶ ݂݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܒܐܝ ݂ܕܗ ܕܢܩܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܽܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬܢ̈ـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܘܫܢܶܗ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܡܘܗ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܒܚ ݂‬ ‫ܡܣ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܟ ـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺ�ܝـ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ� ݁ ܰܕ ܳܪ ܳܢــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ـܗܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܺܨܝ ـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܳ‬ ‫ܘܦ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܶܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܝܢ ܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܶܗܗ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܒ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܳ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܒܪܘ�ܐ ݂ܕܡܝܐ‪ :‬ܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܒ�ܝ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܫܡܥ ܩ� ݂ܕ ݂ܒܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ‬ ‫ܛܥ� ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ܠܩܛ� ܘܠܡܚ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܒ ܢܶ ݂ܟ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܽܐ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܚܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܕ ܳܫ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܗܝܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܓܝܪ ܥܠܰܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܗܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܘܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܫ� ݂ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܶܚ ݂ـܦ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܒـܪ‬ ‫ܺܚܝܠ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ܟܠ ܽܫܘܠ�ܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݁ ̱‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

XIV









 

Chapter 

Judith fell on her face, spread ash on her hair, 1 tore her coat and revealed the sackcloth which she wore. At the time when incense was offered up in Jerusalem, in the house of the Lord, that evening, Judith cried out aloud to the Lord and said: Lord, God of Simeon my father, you gave into his hand a sword to take vengeance on the enemies who uncovered 2 the virgin’s hair so as to defile her, revealed her nakedness so as to shame her, 3 defiled her womb to her shame, 4 for she said that it would not be thus —

Because of this you gave up their noblemen to slaughter, their bed to be stained with blood 5 (on which) you received the blood of your beloved, you smote the servants with their lords and the noblemen on their thrones.

They gave their wives into captivity, 6 their daughters as spoil, they divided all their spoil among your loved ones; they were jealous for you, 7 exposed the pollution of their blood, they called to you to help them — O my God, hear me, me too, for I am a widow. For you did all the former things, and all the things since then, 8 and later too, for you thought, and (so) they were; you purposed, And they stood before you — you called, and they said: Look! We stand before you. For all your ways are prepared, your creation revealed before you.

‘spread ash on her hair’: lit. ‘cast ash on her head’. ‘uncovered’: lit. ‘loosened, unbound’. 3 ‘to shame her’: lit. ‘for shame’. 4 ‘to her shame’: lit. ‘for a reproach’. 5 ‘to be stained with blood’: lit. ‘(on which) you received the blood of your beloved’. 6 ‘captivity’ or ‘exile’. 7 ‘were jealous for you’: lit: ‘preserved your jealousy’. 8 ‘since then’: lit. ‘the middle things’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܕ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫ܛ‪.‬‬

‫ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܫ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܛܡܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܽܟـ ݁ܘܬ ܳܝܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܓܠܺܝ ܰܣ ܳܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ�ܶ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܰܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܶܡܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܗܘ‪݁ :‬ܓ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ـܗܗ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܒـ ̱ܝ ܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥــܘܢ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ــܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥــܘ ܶܡــܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܫــܪܘ ܰܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ̈ܶܒــܐ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܳܡــ ܽܐܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘܓܠܰــܘ ݁ ܽܦــ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܥــܪ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܘܠــܬܐ ܠ‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܬ݀ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܕ ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܰܡ ܽܐܘ ܰܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥ ̇ܗ ܠ ܶܚ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܒܗܬ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܛـ�‪݂ .‬ܘܬܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܠܩ‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܫـܘ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܰ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰܡ ܳܡ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܽܟܘ� ܰܣ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܚܒܝ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܡܚ ݁ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒ ܰܙ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܦܠ ݂ܓ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝܢܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪܐܘ ݂ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܛܪ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥـܘ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܽܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܒܝ ݂ܒܝܟ‪ .‬ܕ‬ ‫ܛ� ܳܢ ݂ܟ‪݂ :‬ܘܦܪܣܝܘ ܛܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܐ ݂ܦ ܠܝ ݂ܕܐܪܡ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠܗ ̱ܝ ܫܡܥ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܪܟـܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܕܡـܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ̱ܬ ܥ ݂ܒـܕܬ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܡܨ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳܗܐ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݁ܝܬ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܚܢܢ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܓ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܬܝ ݂ܕܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒܪ ݂‬ ‫݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 









  

When he tried them, testing their heart(s), and us too: he was not taking vengeance (on us); rather, the Lord struck us to chastise us, for we are close to him. Uziah said to her: All that you have said, you have said from your heart. 1 There is no-one who would oppose your advice.

Your wisdom is not newly recognized today, but has long been known. 2 All the people know your good understanding, for you have a good heart. 3 But the people are very thirsty, and are compelled to act, for their own sake, as we said to you: they have made us take 4 an oath which we cannot break. 5

Now, beseech on our behalf — perhaps the Lord our God will answer you, for you are a God-fearing woman — and the Lord our God will send rain, our cisterns will be filled, and we shall not perish.

Judith said to them: Hear me! I will do a wise deed which will be remembered by our families and by our descendants, 6 (passed down) to future generations. 7 Stand at the gate tonight. I and my young maid — in the days of which you have said ‘After them, the city will be delivered up to our enemies’ the Lord will rescue Israel, by my hands, by that in which I trust.

You should not ask what I am going to do: 8 for I shall not reveal it to you until that which I shall do is completed.

Uziah, and the noblemen, said to her: Go in peace, and may the Lord go before you, may he avenge us on our enemies. They turned, they went out of the temple and went to their houses.

‘your heart’: lit. ‘a good heart’. ‘has long been known’: lit. ‘from days of old’. 3 ‘you have a good heart’: lit. ‘the thought of your heart is good’. 4 ‘made us take’: lit. ‘brought upon us’. 5 ‘break’: lit. ‘transgress’. 6 ‘by our families and by our descendants’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘future generations’: lit. ‘the children of our people’. 8 ‘what I am going to do’: lit. ‘my deeds’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶܳ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ �ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܥـܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܠܢ � ̱ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ܬܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܳܡ ܶܚܐ ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܪܕ ݂‬ ‫ـܪܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܟܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ـܪܬ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܶܐ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܽܢܩـܘܡ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܛ ܳܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬܝܰ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܐ� ܶܡـܢ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ̈ܝـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܝـ ݂ ܰܕܥ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܬ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܽܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܢܣܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ ܶܐ ܳ� ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܺܨܗܝ ܳܛ ݂ܒ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝـܘ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܺܚܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܶܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܡܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܰܗܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ݂ܒ ܳܥܝ ܥܠܰܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܟ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܢܶܥܢܶܝ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫‪� ‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐܠ ܰܗܢ ܶܡܛܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܘܢ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܰܒܝܢ‪ .‬ܘ� ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܳܕܚܠ ݂ܬ ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰܢܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܘܦ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܽ .‬ܫ ܽ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܒ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܡـܬܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݁‬ ‫ܫܬ ݂ ܶܒـܩ‬ ‫ܘܢܝ ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܨ ݂ ܽܒـ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܥ ̱‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܒܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܒܢ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ـܪܬܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܐܡ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܓ ܽܩܘܡ ̱ܘ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܒܠ�ܝܐ ܗܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܢܐ ܘܛܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܦـ ܽܪܘܩ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܶـܠ‬ ‫ܫ�ܡܘܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܒ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ܺܟ ܳܝ� ܐ̱ܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܕ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܒ ܽܨܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰ ̈ܕܝ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ݂ܳܓ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ .‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕܢܶܫܠܰـܡ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠـܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡــܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܗ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܺܢـ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܳ�ـ ̇‬ ‫ـܐܙܠ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡ ݂ܝܟـ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶــܐ‪ :‬ܙܶ ̱‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܰܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܘ ܶܘܐܬ ݁ܦ ܺܢܝܘ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ� ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 

  



 

 

But we should await his salvation, call upon him to help us. If he pleases, he will hear our voice. For there has not arisen in our family, 1 in our time, neither tribe nor family, neither people nor city, (anyone) of yours, 2 that worships gods that are the work of man’s hands, as happened in the days of old. Because of this, our fathers were despoiled, destroyed; 3 they fell before their enemies — a great disaster. We, however, know no God other than him, who has turned his face from us. 4

If we are delivered up, all Judea too will be delivered up. Our holy places will be despoiled, the Lord will hold us responsible for 5 their desecration;

The slaughter of our brothers, the captivity of the country, the desecration of our inheritance, he will bring on our head(s) among the nations, and we will labor there: it will be a stumbling-block and a reproach before all our neighbors. For our servitude will not be for good, but the Lord our God will use it 6 to dishonor us.

Now we should take 7 responsibility for our brothers, for they depend on us, their lives, the sanctuary, the temple, and the altar depend 8 on us — And greater than all these, it would be pleasing to God, who is testing us as (he did) their fathers.

Remember all he did concerning Abraham and Isaac, all that happened to Jacob (in the land) between the rivers when he tended the flocks of Laban, his mother’s brother, ‘family’ or ‘generation’. ‘of yours’; lit. ‘from/of you’. 3 ‘despoiled, destroyed’: lit. ‘given for spoil and for destruction’. 4 ‘from us’: lit. ‘from our people’. 5 ‘hold us responsible for’: lit. ‘seek their desecration from our blood’. 6 ‘use it’: lit. ‘do it’. 7 ‘take’: lit. ‘accept’. 8 ‘depend … depend’: two different Syriac roots. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳ� ܰܢܩ ܶܘܐ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܢܶܨ ݁ ܶܒܐ܆ ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ݁ܒ ܳܩܠܰܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܘܗܝ ܠܡ�ܕܪ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܩܢܶܗ ܘܢܶܩܪ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳ� ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕ� ܩܡ ܒܫܪ ܒ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܰܡܝܢ‪ܰ � :‬ܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦـ� ܰܫܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܺ ݂ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܥܡܐ ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܡܢ ݂ܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܕܣ ݂ܓܕܝܢ �ܠܗܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܐܝ ݂ܕ�ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐ̱ܢܫܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܶܺ ܶ ܰܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܙܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܐ ݂ܒܗܝܢ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܦ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ � ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥܢ � ܳܠܗ ܠ ݂ܒܪ ܡܢܗ‪ :‬ܕܢ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܢܢ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬܶ ݁‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕܐܢ ܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ܫܬ ܶܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܶܠܡ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽܙܙܘܢ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܬܒܥ ܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܛ ܽܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ݁ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܺܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܝܫܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܛ� ݂ܕܐܚܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܫ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܐܘܬܐ ݂ܕܝܪܬ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܛܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ܘܠܚܣـ ݁ـܕ ܐ ܩ ـ ݂ܕܡ ܟ�ــܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܬܘܩܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠــܘܚ ݁ܬܡــܢ‪ .‬ܘܢــܗܘܐ ݂‬ ‫ܫ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܛܝ ݁ ܽܒܘ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽܫܘܥ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܕܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫـܗܘܢ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫�ܝـܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܰܢܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܰ� ܰܚ ̈ܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ܝܟـ�‬ ‫ܘܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܦܪ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܣܐ ܰܠܢ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܚـܩ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ݇ܟܪ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰـܡ ܐ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܳܗܡ ܺܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܩـܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܢܗ ܺ�ܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܳܪܥܶܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܠ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܐ ܽܚ ̇‬ ‫ܐܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 

  





She heard the words of the wicked people to the leader 1 — for they were suffering from the shortage of water — and Judith heard all that Uziah said as he listened to them. He swore to them that after six days they would hand over the city to the children of Assyria. She sent her servant who supervised her storeroom, and summoned Uziah, Habri, and Carmi, the city elders.

They came to Judith, and she said to them: Listen to me, (you) people of rank and (all) inhabitants of Beth-palu: for what you said in front of the people today was not good. You have ratified the oath which they swore, (which was) between you and God: you said that the city would be handed over to our enemies unless the Lord our God returns to help us. Now — who are you, that you test God? Were you gods among men,

That you test the opinion of the mighty Lord? Does a man comprehend 2 eternity?

He cannot plumb the depths of the hearts of men, nor do you understand their thoughts: so how can you understand God, 3 who made all these, or know his mind, comprehend 4 his thoughts? No, my brothers — do not anger the Lord our God. For if he does not want to help us during the five days, whenever he wishes he has the power to protect us, to defeat 5 our enemies before us.

For you do not influence 6 the Lord God, for he is not like man, God, that he may be revealed, 7 not like mankind to fail. 8

‘to the leader’: lit. ‘which they spoke to the leader’. ‘comprehend’: lit. ‘know’. 3 ‘understand their thoughts … understand God’: lit. ‘bring to remembrance the thoughts of their minds … bring to remembrance God’. 4 ‘comprehend’: lit. ‘make to understand’. A different Syriac root from that in the first clause of this verse. 5 ‘defeat’: lit. ‘break’. 6 ‘influence’: lit. ‘weaken the mind of’. 7 ‘be revealed’ or ‘reveal himself’. 8 ‘fail’ or ‘be diminished’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫــܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܰܩـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥܰـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒ ܺܨ ܽܝܪ ݂ܘܬ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܺ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܫ�ܡـܘܢ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ‬ ‫ܳܽ‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ܳܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳܕ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܫܕܪ ݂ܬ ܦܪܤܛܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟܪܡܝ‪ :‬ܩܫܝܫܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܽ .‬ܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܬܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܥـܘܢ ̱ܝ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ܽ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܦܠܘ‪ .‬ܡܛـܠ ܕ� ̱ܗܘܐ ܛ ݂ـܒ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡـܐ ܕܡܠܠـܬܘܢ ܩـ ݂ܕܡ ܥܡـܐ ܝܘܡܢـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ ـܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ـܪܬܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫ� ܽܡــܘ‬ ‫ܝܟــܘܢ ܘ�ܠــܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܡـ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡــܬܘܢ ܡ ـܘܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ �ܥ ܶ ݂ܕ ܰܪܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܠ ݂ܒܥܠܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܢ � ܡ ݂ܬܦܢܐ ݂ܒܗܘܢ ܡ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܰܡܢ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܡܢܣܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ �ܠܗܐ‪ :‬ܘܗܘ‬ ‫ܝـܬܘܢ ܐ ܳܠـ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܐ ܳܢܫ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕܥ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢܣܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܬܪܥ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܩܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ � ܰܡ ݂ܕܪ ݂ ܺܟܝـܢ‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܘܡܚܫ ݂ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ�ܥ�ܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ‬ ‫ܐ ܶܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܐܝܟܢܐ �ܠܗܐ ܶ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ܕܪ ݂ܟܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܐܘ ܬܪܥ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬ ݁ܟܠܽܘܢ‪ �ܳ .‬ܐ ܰ ̈ܚܝ‪݂ �ܳ .‬ܬ ݁‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܓ ܽܙܘܢ ܠܡ‬ ‫݁ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡܚܫ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܗ ܬ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ܰܫܠܺܝܛ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ � ܢܨܒܐ ܠܡ�ܕܪ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݁ ܶܓܢ ܥܠܰܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܕܝܢ � ݂ܬܡܣܟܢܘܢ ܬܪܥܝ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܓ�‪ .‬ܘ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܨܪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

XIII



 

   



Chapter 

In those days, there lived in the city Judith, daughter of Merari, son of Uz, son of Joseph, son of Uzil, son of Alkana, son of Hanan, son of Gebeon, son of Daphnin, son of Ahitob, son of Nain, son of Malcaia, son of Ir, son of Nethania, son of Shalmuel, son of Shemeon, son of Israel.

Her husband was Menashe, of her (own) tribe; he had died during the barley harvest.

He had been supervising the reapers in the field and got sunstroke; 1 he took to 2 his bed and died in Beth-palu, their city. They buried him with his fathers, in the field between Rothim and Belmon. Judith had lived in her house as a widow for three years and four months. She had made a shelter for herself on the roof of her house; she put on sackcloth. 3 She was dressed in the clothing of her widowhood.

She fasted every day of her widowhood, except for Sabbaths, New Moons, festivals, celebrations, and the Israelite commemorations.

She was beautiful, her face was comely, she 4 was wise, good, and prudent. She was very wealthy, for her husband Menashe had left her gold, silver, servants, maidservants, cattle, and fields; she lived on her estate. 5 No-one spoke ill of her, for she was very devout. 6

‘got sunstroke’: lit. ‘the heat beat on his head’. ‘took to’: lit. ‘fell on’. 3 ‘sackcloth’: lit. ‘sackcloth on her loins’. 4 ‘she’1: lit. ‘her heart’. 5 ‘on her estate’: lit. ‘in them’. 6 ‘was very devout’: lit. ‘feared God greatly’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܓ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܚ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬ ܡ ܳܪ ܺܪܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ ܽܥܘܨ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒـܪ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܥܘܙܝܠ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܐܠܩܢܐ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܚܢܢ‪ :‬ܒܪ ݁ܓ ݂ܒܥـܘܢ‪ :‬ܒـܪ ݁ܕ ݂ܦܢܝـܢ‪ :‬ܒـܪ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫�ܡܘܐܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ‬ ‫ܢܬܢܝܐ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܫ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܚܝܛܘ ݂ܒ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ ܰܢܐ‬ ‫ܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ ܡܠ ݂ܟܝܐ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܥܝܪ‪ :‬ܒܪ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܒܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܺ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܥ�ܗ ܡܢܫܐ ܡܢ ܫܪ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܨܚ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܩ�‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܣـܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ܚܨ ݂ܘܕ ܐ ݂ܒܚ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܽ ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܥܰـܡ ܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩـ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ܺ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩ ݂ܒـܪ ̱‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܦܠܘ ݂ ܺ ̱‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܡ‪ܶ ݂ :‬‬ ‫�ܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܪܒ ܳܥܐ ܝܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܫ� ̈ܝܢ ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫�ܚܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܡܪܡ� ݂ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܣ ܳܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ̈ܨܶ ̇ܝܗ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܓܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܡܛ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܤܛܪ ܶܡـܢ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܶܒـܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܝـܫ ܝܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܐܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܚـܐ ܘܥ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܽ ̈ ݁ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܥ ̱ܘܗܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ــܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܚـ ܳ‬ ‫ــܙܘ ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘ�ـــܐܶܐ ܽܩـــܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܠ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ ܺܟܝـــܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـــ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܛ ݂ ܳܒـــܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܰ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇‬ ‫ܬ ܳܝܪ ܐ ܛ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܰܒـܩ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܠܬܢܝܐ‪ .‬ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܥ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܽܟ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܳ� ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܚ� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 



  



Now, call to them, deliver up the city to them, for exile, for plunder, to the people of Elparna and to all his army.

For it would be better for us that we should be slaves and handmaidens to them — and live, 1 and not see with our (own) eyes the death of our infants, our wives, our children, as they 2 become exhausted.

We witness to you, heaven and earth, and the Lord God of our fathers, who takes vengeance on us according to our sins, to do such things day by day. There were many tears (shed) in the crowd, they cried out to the Lord God, aloud, all together.

Uziah said to them: Have courage, my brothers! Let us wait five more days.

Perhaps the Lord our God will turn to us in mercy 3 — for he will not desert us before the end. If the five days pass by and we have no help 4 we will do as you say. 5 Then he led the people: each to his tent, to the walls and towers of the city; the women and the children he dismissed to their houses. They were brought very low.

‘live’: lit. ‘our soul will live’. ‘they’: lit. ‘their soul’. A common idiom which will not be cited subsequently. 3 ‘in mercy’: lit. ‘his mercies’. 4 ‘we have no help’: lit. ‘help shall be to us’. 5 ‘as you say’: lit. ‘according to these words’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪� ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܒ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܠܶܡـ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝـܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ �ܥܰ ܶܡـܗ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܰܠܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܶܚـܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܰܫـܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒـܕ ܐ ܘܐܡـܗ ݂ܬܐ‪݂ ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܕܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ ܰܕܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܕܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܕܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬܛ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܦܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝܢ ܰܡ ݁ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝــܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܚܢــܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕܝــܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ̈ܗ ݂ܬܢ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܽܗܘ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗܝ̈ـܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡـܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܝـܟ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܶܡ ܰܢـܢ ܐ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܓܥܰܘ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܟܢ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܟ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܣܘ ܰܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽܥܘ ܺܙ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣܝ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ܐ̱ܚ ܳ� ܺܢܝܢ‪ .‬ܛ ݂ܟ ܰܢ ݂ܦܢܶܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ܳܫ ݂ ܶܒܩ ܰܠܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠܚ ݂ܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠـܢ ܽܥܘ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܢـܐ‪ .‬ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫــܘ ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗ �ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶــܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂̈ܓـ ݁ܕ� ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ̈ܫ ـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܒ‬ ‫ܘܛ�ܝܐ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 













 

The children of Esau and the Ammonites went up, and with them (went) twelve thousand of the children of Assyria. They pitched camp on the mountain opposite Rothim. Some of them encamped to the south and east, opposite Ekarbath, which faces Cush which is in the valley of Peor. The rest of the army of the children of Assyria pitched camp on the plain. They covered the face of the earth, together with 1 their tents and their equipment: they were exceedingly numerous.

The Israelites cried out to their God; their courage failed, for their enemies had surrounded them, and there was no way of escape from among them. The camps of the children of Assyria remained surrounding them, foot-soldiers, chariots, and horsemen, for two months and four days. The inhabitants of Beth-palu emptied their cisterns.

Their water containers were emptied, they had no drinking-water left. Their infants and women were exhausted, for they was no water left to drink, to satisfy them, (for even) one day: the water was measured out. 2

The infants, women, and young men were completely exhausted, lifeless 3 from thirst, they collapsed in the city streets, in the entrances to the gates, they had no strength.

The youths, the women, and the children gathered together against Uziah and the noblemen of the city. They shouted 4 aloud, they spoke in front of the elders: May the Lord judge between us and you — for you have done us great harm by not speaking peace to the children of Assyria.

Now there is no-one to help us, for the Lord has delivered us into their hands, so that we shall perish before them, from thirst, from terrible disaster. 5

‘together with’: lit. ‘camped among them’. ‘the water was measured out’: lit. ‘by measure they were giving them water’. 3 ‘lifeless’: lit. ‘finished’. 4 ‘shouted’: lit. ‘answered’. 5 ‘disaster’: lit. ‘destruction’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬

‫ܰܘܣܠܶܩ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܥܺܝ ܽܣـܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡـܗܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ݁ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣـܪ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝ ـܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܫـ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬܝــܡ‪ܰ .‬ܘܫـ ܰ‬ ‫ـܪܘ ܶܡܢـ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ܪ‬ ‫ܝܡܢــܐ‬ ‫ـܪܘ ݁ܒܛــܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܠـ ݂‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ܥ ܶ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܬ ݁ܕ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪ܽ :‬ܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܽܟـܘܫ ݁ܕܥܰـܠ ܰܢܚـ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܽܥـܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥــܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝــܘ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝــ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܟــܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝــ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢــ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪ :‬ܫــܪܘ ܒ ݂ܦܩ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰܐ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܺܝܐܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܓܥܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟܪܝܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܚܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܚـ ݂ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܥܪܩ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܦ ܳ� ܶܫـܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܩܘܝ ܚ ݂ܕ �ܝـܗܘܢ ܡܫ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪� :‬ܓـ� ܘܡ� ܟ ݂ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܳܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܦܠܘ ݂ܓܘܒܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܰ� ܺܚܝܢ ܰܘܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܣ ݂ܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܚـܪ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܬ ݁ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܓ� ݂ܒܝܗܘܢ ܐ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬܛ ܰܪ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ ܠܡ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶܫܝܗܘܢ‪ � .‬ܐܫܬܚܪ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ ܡܝܐ ܠܡܫـܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܣܒـܥ ܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܝܳܗ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܽܝܘܡ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܝ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗ�ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܓ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛ ܰܪ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܥ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܥܶܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚܝ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܺܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܠܰܝ ̈ܶܡܐ ܘܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ̈ܝܶܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܢܘ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܳ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܥܘܙ�ܐ ܘܥܠ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܳܩ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ �ܥܶܝܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܢ ܽܕܘܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢܝܢ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܢ ܽܥܘ� ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܰܡܠܠـ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܳܽ‬ ‫ܫ�ܡܐ ܥܡ ܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܠܢ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܡ� ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܠܢ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫ�ܡܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܦ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܗ�ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 

 





  

May our lord hear this word. Your army will not be broken: 1

For this people does not put its trust in spears. Rather, those encamped there put their trust in the height of the mountains, for it was not easy to reach the summits. 2 Now, (O) our lord, do not approach their people as if in battle, and not one of your people will fall:

Rather, remain in your camp and guard every man of your army. Your servants will seize the spring which goes out at the foot 3 of the mountain, Because from there all the inhabitants of Beth-palu draw (water). Thirst will destroy them and their cities will surrender. We who are with you will go up to the nearby summits. We will pitch camp against them, and they will be watched 4 so that not even one man will get out of a city, And they will perish from famine and from thirst, they, and their wives and their children, until they are finished, 5 falling (down) in the streets.

You will requite them fittingly 6 for having rejected you, not coming out to meet you in peace.

Their words pleased Elparna and 7 all his servants, and he ordered that it should be as they said.

The Moabite camp went up, and five thousand Assyrian foot-soldiers with them, pitched camp in the open country, and seized the water, the springs, of the Israelites.

‘Your army will not be broken’: lit. ‘The ruin will not be in your army’. ‘reach the summits’: lit. ‘approach the mountains’. 3 ‘foot’: lit. ‘under the root’. 4 ‘watched’: same Syriac root as ‘guard’. 5 ‘they are finished’; lit. ‘destruction comes upon them’. 6 ‘fittingly’: lit. ‘an evil requiting’. 7 ‘pleased Elparna and’: lit. ‘were good before Elparna and before’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚܝܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪݂ �ܳ :‬ܬ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܥܰܠ ܰ� ̈ܝܙ ݂ ܶܟܐ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܥܰܠ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݁ܕܛـܘ� ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳܪ ݂ ܽܒ ـܘ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ܒ ـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܟܝܠܺܝــܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܦ ܺܫܝــܩ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܛܘ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛܪ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠ ܳ ݂ܟ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܚـܕܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݁‬ ‫ܝـܟ ܥܰ ܳܝܢـܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ� ܩܘܐ ݂ܒܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܢܦ ܳܩܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝܬ ܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܶܪܗ ݁ܕ ܽܛܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܡܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽـܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ‬ ‫ܝـܦ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܣ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܗ�ــܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ܰܫ ܽ‬ ‫�ܡــܘܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳܢ̈ــ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫــܝ ܛــܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܚܢــܢ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡــ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܰܣــܩ ��‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰܠܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ݂ܦ� ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܗ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰـ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܦܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܽ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܳܢ ݂ܦܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܫــܐ‪ .‬ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܣ� ܽܝــܘ ݂ܟ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܦ ـ ܽܪܘܥ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ـ ̱ܘ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܥ ـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܘܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܦܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ـܕ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܕܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝـܢ � ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝـܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܣ�ܩܬ ܡܫܪ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘܥܡܗܘܢ ܚܡܫܐ ܐ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܽ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݂ ݁ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪ .‬ܘܫܪܘ ܒܐܘܠܘܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܡܝܐ ܘ��ܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

XII









  



Chapter 

The next day, Elparna ordered all his army, and all who had come with him to help him, to start for Beth-palu, to seize every mountain pass, and to make war against the Israelites. So they started that day, all the men and all their army, one hundred and seventy-two thousand (infantry), twenty-two 1 thousand horsemen, apart from their baggage, apart from the men who followed them — a great multitude. They pitched camp in open country 2 at the side of the city by the spring. The camp extended 3 from Rothim as far as Abel-meholah in width, and in length as far as Kermon which faces Jezreel.

The Israelites, when they saw their numbers, 4 were very frightened. Each said to his neighbor: Now neither the whole land, 5 nor the high mountains, nor the valleys, nor the mountain summits, 6 will (be able to) bear their weight. So, each armed himself, 7 they lit beacon(s) in the towers at the boundaries of the camp, 8 and kept guard all night. On the second day, Elparna brought out his army, in full view of 9 the Israelites who were living in Beth-palu,

And explored the way up to the city. They went to the springs and seized them, and split up all the warriors’ camps (to guard them). Then he returned to his people. Then all the noblemen of the children of Esau approached him, and all the rulers of Moab, heads of the coastal cities. They said to him:

‘twenty-two’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. ‘open country’ or ‘valley’. So passim. 3 ‘The camp extended’: lit. ‘The width of the camp was’. 4 ‘numbers’: lit. ‘multitude’. 5 ‘the whole land’: lit. ‘the whole face of the land’. 6 ‘mountain summits’ or ‘high hills’. 7 ‘armed himself’: lit. ‘carried his weapons/arms. 8 ‘boundaries of the camp’: lit. ‘their walls’. 9 ‘in full view of’: lit. ‘before’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܒ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢــܐ‪݁ :‬ܦ ܰܩـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡــܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܰܚܝܠــܗ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܘ ܥܰ ܶܡــܗ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚــ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܟــܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝــܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽــܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܩ ܳܢــܐ ݁ܕܛــܘ� ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܥܶــ ݂ܕܪܗ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶܫܩܠــܘܢ ܺܠ ݂ ܶܒ ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܥܰܡ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒܥܺܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܘܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܘܦ ܳ� ܶܫܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܤܛܪ ܶܡܢ ܝܺ ܰܩ ݁‬ ‫ـܪܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܤܛـܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̱ܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕܢܩ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪܘ ݁ ܽܒܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܳ ̇‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟـ ̇ܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ـܘ�‪ܽ .‬ܘ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡـܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܡ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ � ݂ ܶܒـܠ ܡܚ‬ ‫ܕܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܰܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ݁ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܚـ ܰـܙܘ ܽܣــܘܓ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ ـ ̱ܘ ܳܛ ـ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܫ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܶܒܗ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ܳܫܐ ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܛܘ� ܐ �ܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܢܚـ�‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܦـ�‬ ‫ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣܝ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܽܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܚـܕܘ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܓـ ݁ܕ� ݂ܕ ܽܫـܘ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܶܒـܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܶܠ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܰܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܬ ܶܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ܒܢـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ ܽܠ ݂‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܘ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܓܫ ̱ܘ ܡܣܩܢـܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܐܚـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ ��ܢ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܬܢ̈ܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܘܦܠ ݂ܓ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܡܫ�ܝܳ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ܰܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫـܝ‬ ‫ܝܣܘ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܫ�ܝܛܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

   

All the people prostrated themselves and worshipped God. They answered and said:

Lord God of heaven, look on their pride, have mercy on your humble people, 1 look to your sanctuary today. They comforted Ahiod and praised him warmly.

Uziah took him out of the crowd and brought him to his house. He made a place for the elders. He called out to the God of Israel, all night long, asking for help. 2

1 2

‘your humble people’: lit. ‘the humility of your people’. ‘asking for help’: lit. ‘that he might help them’.



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܢܘ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܥܠ ܐܦܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܽ :‬ܚـܘܪ ݁ܒ ܽܫـܘܒ ܳܗ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܶܚـܡ ܥܰـܠ ܽܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܟ ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܘܪ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰ� ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܒ ܽܚ ̱‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒܝܐ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠـܗ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܢ� ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܟܠܗ ܠ�ܝܐ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 









 

 



For you hoped in your heart that they would not be seized, but you will see no good outcome, 1 for I have spoken! and not one of my words will fail. 2

So Elparna ordered his servants, those present in his tent, to seize Ahiod, to bring him to Beth-palu, and deliver him into the hand(s) of the Israelites.

So the men seized him, and took him outside the camp into a field. Then they carried him off to the mountain-country. They went to the spring 3 which is underneath the city.

When the men of the city saw them they took hold of their weapons. They went out of the city to the summits of the mountains, every man who could cast (a stone) with a sling; they seized the pass and cast stones. 4 Then they left there. They bound Ahiod, left him lying at the foot of 5 the mountain, and went to their lord. The Israelites went down from the city and stood around him. They untied him and took him up into the city, and took him in to (the presence of) the noblemen of their city

Who were then in office: 6 Uziah, son of Micah, of the tribe of Simeon; Habri, son of Athnael; Carmi, son of Mishael.

They summoned the city elders, and all their young men, women, and children ran to the assembly. They stood Ahiod in the midst of all the people. Uziah asked him what had happened.

He answered and told them all that Elparna’s people had said, 7 all that he said in the presence of the Assyrian noblemen, and that Elparna had boasted of what he would do to 8 the house of Israel. ‘you will see no good outcome’: lit. ‘your faces will not look upon good’. ‘fail’: lit. ‘fall’. 3 ‘spring: lit. ‘spring of water’. So too passim. 4 ‘cast stones;: lit. ‘cast stones with them’. 5 ‘at the foot of’: lit. ‘under’. 6 ‘were then in office’: lit. ‘were in those days’. 7 ‘all that … had said’: lit. ‘all the words of’. 8 ‘of what he would do to’: lit. ‘against’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܰ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܣ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܪܬ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܚܕܝܢ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ̈ܚܙܝܳܢ ܐ ݁ܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ݁ܒܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܡܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܓܝܪ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳ ݂̈ܓ ܰܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܟܢܶܗ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ܳܘܢܝـ ̱ܗܝ � ܺܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܦܠܘ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܫ�ܡ ݂ܘܬܗ ܒܝ ݂ܕ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒܠܘܢܶܗ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ܒـܪ ܡـܢ ܡܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܠܚܩـ�‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ̱‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁ܐܦܩ ̱‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܠܛܘܪ ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ �ܥܰ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢـܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܚܙܘ ܽ ܐܢܘܢ ܐ̱ܢܫܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰܡ ܰܣ ݁‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ܛܘ ܶ� ܐ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܒܩ�ܥܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫� ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ̇‬ ‫ܩܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ݂ ܰܕܘ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܺ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܣܪܘܗܝ ܰ� ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ‪ܽ ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺܢܝܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܫـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒܩ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‬ ‫ــܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ــ‬ ‫ــܬ ̱ܘ ܒܢــܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂‬ ‫ܫــܪܐ ̱‬ ‫ܘܩܡــ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ܕ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰܘܐܣܩ ̱‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܺܡܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܛܐ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܽ .‬ܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܥܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܒـ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܕܗܘܘ ܒ�ܘܡ‬ ‫݂ܰ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰ ݂ܬ ܳܢܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܪܡܝ ܒܪ ܡܢܫܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܗܛـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܥܠ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܠܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܺܐܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠـܗ ܽܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ � ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܨܥܰ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܟܢ‬ ‫ܝܡ ̱‬ ‫݂ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܰܡܠـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ‬ ‫�ܥܶܝܢ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‪ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܪܘܪ ݂ܒ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܠܦܪܢܐ ܥܠ ܒ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 











  

Chapter 

When the clamor of the men around them ceased, Elparna, the commander of the army of Assyria, said to Ahiod, in front of all the people:

Who are you, Ahiod, and all the Moabites, and the hired servants of Ammon, that you have prophesied to us in this way, 1 and have said to us that we should not fight the men of Israel because their God will support them? Who is god other than Nebuchadnezzar, king of the whole land? He will send his army, he will wipe them off 2 the face of the earth — their god will not save them. We are the servants of Nebuchadnezzar. We will strike them as one man; they will not stand before (the sound of) the neighing of our horses.

For we shall destroy them: their territories will be drunk with their blood, their plains will be filled with their corpses. Their footprints will not mark the ground 3 before us — we shall indeed destroy (them). Nebuchadnezzar, lord of the whole earth, has spoken, and not one of his words will fail. 4

And you, Ahiod, a mercenary 5 of Ammon — you have spoken these words. Now, in 6 your iniquity, you will not appear before me from today, until I have had my revenge on the people who come up from Egypt. Then the sword(s) of my army, the spear(s) of my servants will pierce your sides. You will fall with their slain when you return;

My servants will carry you (away) today and leave you in one of the cities of Israel. You will not die until you perish with them.

‘in this way’: lit. ‘as today’. ‘wipe them off’: lit. ‘destroy them from’. 3 ‘mark the ground’: lit. ‘stand’. 4 ‘fail’: lit. ‘return behind them’. 5 ‘mercenary’: lit. ‘hired servant/hireling’. 6 ‘Now, in’: lit. ‘In the day of’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܺܝ ܰܪܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫� ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ݁ ܰ̈ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܓܝ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪ܶ ݁ .‬ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܠܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܰܡܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܒܢܝ ܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩـܪ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ� ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ ܰܠܢ‪݁ .‬ܕܥܰܡ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽܢܘ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܐ� ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣ ܰܝܥ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܰܢܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ‬ ‫ܰܚܝܠܶܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܽܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚܐ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܨܗ� ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܰܫܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ـܪܘܘܢ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܶܕܡـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܰܢــܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚـ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ̈� ܳܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـܢ‪ .‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܫ� ݁ ܰܕ ܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܩـܘܡ ܥܶܩ ݂ܒـ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ــܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ــܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܐ ݁ ܰܒــ ݂ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒــ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܰܡــܪ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥــܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ــܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ ܽܟــܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܺܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܶ ݂ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥـܬܐ ܡـܢ ܥܡـܐ ݂ܕܣܠـܩ ܡـܢ‬ ‫� ݂ܬ ݂ܬܚܙ ܐ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܕܡـܐ ݂ܕܐܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܬ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܟ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ ݁ ܶܦـܠ ܥܰـܡ‬ ‫ܝܠـܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܝܙ ݂ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒـܕܝ ܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܢ ݂‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ ܰܣ ݁ܝܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܛ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ܳ̈ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒܠܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬ ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܥ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

 









 

So long as they did not sin before their God, things went well for them, for God hates 1 iniquity. But when they left the path by which he had commanded them (to go) they perished in many battles, they were exiled to a land which was not theirs, the temple of their God was trodden under foot, and their city was seized by the enemies.

Now they have returned to their God; they have gathered themselves together, from the places to which they were scattered, and have taken possession of 2 Jerusalem, the place where their sanctuary is, 3 and have settled in the devastated mountain-country.

Now, my lord, if there is any sinfulness in this people, and they are going astray from their God, we might think that this could be a stumbling-block for them, and we could go up and fight against them. But if there is no iniquity in their people we should leave them alone, 4 my lord, lest their God should support them and we should be a disgrace throughout 5 the land.

When Ahiod finished speaking, 6 all the people standing around the tents muttered. Elparna’s noblemen, and those living by the coast, and the inhabitants of Moab, said that Ahiod should be cut to pieces — For they said: We are not afraid of the Israelites, for there is no strength in the people for war.

Therefore we will go up against them. They will be at your mercy, 7 Elparna our lord.

‘God hates’: lit. ‘God is he who hates’. ‘have taken possession of’ or ‘have ruled over’. 3 ‘where their sanctuary is’: lit. ‘of the house of their sanctuary is there’. Similarly Judith 16:24. 4 ‘leave them alone’: lit. ‘pass over them’. 5 ‘throughout’: lit. ‘on the face of all’ 6 ‘speaking’: lit. ‘to speak these words’. 7 ‘at your mercy’: lit. ‘they will be at your strength’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬

‫ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܟ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܚ ܶܛܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܰܗܐ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ̱ܗܘܝ ܛ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܣܢܶܐ ܽܥܘ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ݂ ܺܒܝ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒܩ ܳ� ݂ ܶܒܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ܝܟ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕܝܳ ܳܫـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݁ܒܥ ܶܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܺܢܝܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܳܡـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܬ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܒـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܡܪܘ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ ̱‬ ‫̱ܗܘܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܣܟܠܺܝـܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܪܥܶـܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܽܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܰܣܩ ܰܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܗܘ�ܐ �ܗܘܢ ܬܘܩ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ܰܝܥ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܒܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܢܶܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܕ ܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܚ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܰܺ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܠܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ :‬ܪܛܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰܡܐ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܝ ܐܚܝܘ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܕܠ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ‪ .‬ܚ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ـܒ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܡܦ ܳܣ ܽܩ ݂ܘܬܗ � ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ .‬ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܶܓܝـܪ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܕܚܠܺܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܗ ܰܚ ܳܝ� ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܚܝܠ ܳ ݂ܟ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܰܣܩ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 









   



But rejected the gods of their fathers, and worshipped the God of heaven, the God whom they acknowledged, who led them away from 1 the ancestors’ 2 gods. They fled to (the land) between the rivers and lived there for a long time. 3 Their God told them to leave their inheritance 4 and to go to the land of Canaan, so they lived there. They grew rich, (acquiring) gold and silver, and very many cattle.

Then they went down to Egypt, because there was famine in the land of Canaan. They lived there where food was available, 5 and multiplied there greatly: their tribes were innumerable. The Egyptians rose up against them and conspired against them, enslaved them (working with) clay and bricks, humiliated the people. They made them slaves: They cried out to their God, and he struck the whole land of Egypt with incurable plagues. The Egyptians expelled them from their land. God dried up the Sea of Suph in front of them.

He brought them, by way of Mount Sinai, to Kadesh. They drove out all the inhabitants of the wilderness

And all living in the land of the Amorites; they destroyed the children of Heshbon by force; 6 they crossed over the Jordan, and took possession of 7 all the mountain-country.

They drove out before them the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, the Jebusites, and all the Girgashites, 8 and lived in that land 9 for a long time.

‘who led them away from’: lit. ‘and brought them out from before’; see Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘the ancestors’’: lit. ‘their’. 3 ‘for a long time’: lit. ‘many days’. 4 ‘inheritance’: lit. ‘house of their inheritance/possession’. 5 ‘where food was available’: lit. ‘and were nourished’. 6 ‘force’: lit. ‘their strength’. 7 ‘took possession of’ or ‘inherited’ 8 ‘Girgashites’: Syriac ‘Gargusites’. 9 ‘that land’: lit. ‘it’. 1



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܤܛܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ�‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪�ܳ :‬ܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ݂ܕܥ ܰ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܰܢـܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܥܪܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ـܐܙܠ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ـܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܝ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ܕܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܟܢܥܢ‪ .‬ܘܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ܬܡܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܥܬܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ܒܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܣܦܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܥܝܪ ܐ ܣ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ــܬ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܒــ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡــܢ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥــܢ‪ܺ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܓܝܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܛ ݂ܒ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܶ݁݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܫ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܬܬܪܣܝ ̱ܘ‪ .‬ܘ ܺ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܶܡܨ ܳ��ܶܐ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ݁ ܰܟܡ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܛ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ ̈ܒܢܶـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ܆ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ܟ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܡܚܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܚ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܰܘܓܥܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܣܝܘ‪ .‬ܘܐܦܩ ̱ܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܨ��ܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒܫ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܣ ݂ܘܦ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܺ ܶܽ ܽ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܩـ ܶܕܫ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܝܬܝ ܐܢـܘܢ �‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݁ܕܛـܘܪ ܺܣ ܰܝܢـܝ ܰ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܽܐܡܘ ܳ��ܶـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܶܚܫ ݁ ܽܒـܘܢ ܐܘ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܥ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܽܝ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ܳܢܢ‪ܺ .‬ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܶܡــܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ̈ܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܦ�ܙ�ــܐ‪ :‬ܘܠܚܘ�ــܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܝ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ܟ�ܥ�ܝــܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܶܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ� ݁ ܽܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

XI



 

 

 

Chapter 

It was told to Elparna, the commander of the Assyrian army, that the Israelites had prepared themselves for war, had seized the mountain pass, 1 fortified all the summits, and set ambushes in the fields.

Elparna was furious. 2 He summoned all the noblemen of Moab, the rulers of the Ammonites, and all the heads of the coastal cities.

He said to them: Tell me, Canaanites, who are this people who live in the mountain-country? Which are the cities, how big is their army, in what (lies) their strength 3 and their might, who is the leader who commands 4 them?

Why did they not wish to come to meet me, alone of all 5 these people who live in caves? 6 Ahiod, the leader of the Ammonites, said to him: (If) my lord will hear a word from the mouth of his servant, I will speak to you truthfully concerning the people living by your side in this mountaincountry; no false word will leave your servant’s mouth. For this people is of Chaldean stock,

And they settled opposite (the land) between the rivers, because they did not wish to worship 7 the gods of their fathers who were honored in the land of the Chaldeans,

‘mountain pass’: different Syriac word from that in Judith 4:6. ‘furious’: lit. ‘his anger was very furious’. 3 ‘strength’: the same Syriac was rendered earlier in this verse as ‘army’. 4 ‘commands’: lit. ‘stands over’. 5 ‘alone of all’: lit. ‘more than all’. 6 ‘caves’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘worship’: lit. ‘go after’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܐ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܐܡــܪ ܶ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ ܳـ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪ‪ܶ ݁ .‬ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܘܥܰ ـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݁ܕ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܶܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫـܝ ܛـܘ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡـܐ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫ܐܥܫܢـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ �‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰܚ ̈ܩܠ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܪܘܓـ ܶـܙܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܳܛ ـ ݂ܒ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩ ـ ܳܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶــܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡــܘܐ ݂ܒ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܡـ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛܢ̈ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܫܠ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܰܡܪܘ ܺܠܝ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܰܢܥܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܽܢܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܕܝܳܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܝ�ـܗܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܽܢܘ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫̈ܳ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽܢـܘ‬ ‫ܘܥ‬ ‫ܐܢܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ܶ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ܘܣ ݂ܰ‬ ‫ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܡ� ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܥܝ‪ :‬ܝ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢܐ � ܨ ݂ ܰܒܘ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܐܬܐ � ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪ .‬ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳܠܟ ܰܫ ܺܪ ܳܝܪ ܺܐܝܬ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܕ ܳܥ ܰܡـܪ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܳܒـܟ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܪ ܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ‪ .‬ܘ�‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܘܶ ܰ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ݂ܕ ܓ‬ ‫݂ܬ ݁ܦܘܩ ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܡܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܢـܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܨ ݂ ܰܒـܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܐܙܠ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܐ ܳܠـ ̈ܗܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܡܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܐ‪ܶ.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

   







All Israel cried out to the Lord with all their heart; they humbled themselves with a great fast:

They, their wives, their infants, all the inhabitants, the hired servant(s), and the slaves. 1 They put on 2 sackcloth.

Every man of Israel, wife, and child, living in Jerusalem, fell on their faces before the temple of the Lord,

And draped sackcloth round the altar. They cried out together to the Lord God of Israel, (asking) that he would not let their children be taken 3 as booty, 4 their wives taken captive, 5 their cities destroyed, their holy things defiled, a reproach, for the pleasure of the nations.

The Lord heard, he saw their plight. They 6 were fasting for many days, throughout Judea and in Jerusalem; they prostrated themselves 7 before the holy house of the mighty Lord. Eliakim the high priest, and all these who stood in the presence of the Lord, the priests and those who served in the temple, clad in 8 sackcloth, brought the perpetual burnt offerings, votive offerings, 9 gifts, and offerings of the people; And cast ashes on their mitres. The whole host cried out 10 to the Lord, (asking) that he would deal kindly with all the house of Israel. 11

‘slaves’: lit. ‘bought (for) silver’. ‘put on’: lit. ‘girded their loins with’. 3 ‘let … be taken’: lit. ‘give’. 4 ‘booty’: same Syriac word as that for ‘plunder’ above. 5 ‘captive’ or ‘into exile’. 6 ‘they’: lit. ‘the people’. 7 ‘prostrated themselves’: lit. ‘fell down’. 8 ‘clad in’: lit. ‘while bound sackcloth on their loins’. See too Judith 8:4. 9 ‘votive offerings’: lit. ‘vows’. 10 ‘The whole host cried out’: lit. ‘From all their host they cried out’. 11 ‘deal kindly with’: lit. ‘care for for good’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰܘܓܥܰܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܶܠ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܨܘܡܐ ܪܒܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܰܘܙ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ̈ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܽ‬ ‫ܶܽ‬ ‫ܳܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܦـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚـܘ‬ ‫ܗܢ ܶܘܢ ܘܢ ܰܫܝܗܘܢ ܘܝܰ�ܘ݂ܕܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܥܡܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܺ‬ ‫ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘܐܢ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܡܢ ܐ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟܠܶܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܙܩ ̱ܘ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܓܥܰܘ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܙܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ܬܠ ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒـ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ �ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܘܬܐ ܘܠܚܣܕ ܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܠܛܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܳܨ ܺ‬ ‫�ܨ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܽܐܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝـܐܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ܕ ܘ ݂ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܩܘ݂ܕܫܐ ݂ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܐ�ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܟܗܢ̈ܶܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ̈ܡ ܳܫܢܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܺܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܝܢ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡـܐ ܐ ܺܡܝܢ̈ـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ݂ܕ� ܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܦܘ� ܳܫܢܶܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܛܡــܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܥܶܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡــܐ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܰܟ�ـ ܰـܘܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܪ�ــܐ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܽܟܠــܗ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ݁ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܠܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܥܘܪ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܒ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 











Chapter 

The Israelites living in Judah heard all that Elparna, the commander of the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Assyria, did to the nations: how he took their gods and destroyed them. 1 They were very afraid at his approach, 2 on account of Jerusalem, on account of the temple of the Lord their God; they were distressed,

For at that time 3 they had come up from exile and the Judeans 4 had recently assembled, and the vessels and the altar had just been sanctified after the defilement.

They sent to the territory of Samaria, to the towns around Bethhoran, to Abel-meholah, to Jericho, to Cachar, to Beth-horan, to the valleys 5 of Galim,

And they seized all the mountain summits. They fortified the towns there, and prepared 6 them as for war, for the harvest 7 had been reaped.

Eliakim the high priest wrote at that time, 8 in Jerusalem, to the inhabitants of Beth-palo and of Beth-mastim, above the ridge, opposite Jezreel, in front of the great plain by the side of Dothan. Saying: Seize the mountain-passes from which runs 9 the ascent into Judea, for the ascent is not easy, 10 because the way up is narrow even for two men side by side. The Israelites did as Eliakim the high priest said: the elders, and all the people of Israel living in Jerusalem.

‘destroyed them’: lit. ‘gave them to destruction’. ‘at his approach’: lit. ‘before him’. 3 ‘at that time’: lit: ‘then/now’. 4 ‘Judeans’: lit. ‘people of the Judeans’. 5 ‘valleys’: a different Syriac word from that in Judith 2:5,15. 6 ‘prepared’: lit. ‘brought up’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 7 ‘harvest’: lit. ‘their lands’. 8 ‘at that time’: lit. ‘in those days’. 9 ‘from which runs’: lit. ‘that from there is’. 10 ‘the ascent is not easy’: lit. ‘it is not easy for those who are ascending’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ܘܕ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟـܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ�‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܽܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡ ܘܥܰܠ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܛ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢـܫ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܣܠܩ ̱ܘ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡܢ ܫ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܢ̈ܶܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ ܰܕܫ ̱ܘ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡܢ ܛ ܽܡܐ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܚـ‬ ‫ܡܚــܘ�‪:‬‬ ‫ـܘܪܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܶܒـܠ‬ ‫ܠܩܘ�ܽ ܳ�ــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܝܚܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܳܟ ܳܟܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܶܒܝܬ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܺܘ� ܺܝܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ�ܥܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܫܢ ̱ܘ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܩـ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬܚܨܶ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܐ� ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ‪� :‬ܥܡ‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝــܡ ݁ ܰܕ�ܥــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡ ܳܣـܪ ܐ ݂ܕܠـ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܐܝܙܪܥܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܰܡ‬ ‫݁ ܰܦܠــܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܶܒܝـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܣܩ ܳܢܐ ݁ܕܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܗܘ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܰ .‬ܐ ܽܚܘ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢـܐ ܺܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ܘܕ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ݀ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܦ ܺܫܝــܩ ܗ ܳܘܐ �ܝܠܶܝــܢ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫�ܩܝــܢ ܶܡܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩܛ ܳܝܢــܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܡܣܩــܬܐ ܐ ݂ܦ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ܕ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



And pitched camp, between Geba and Bashan. He stayed there for a month, 1 to prepare all the provisions 2 for his army.

1 2

‘stayed there for a month’: lit. ‘made there a month of days’. ‘provisions’: lit. ‘business’.



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܳܩ ܽܢـܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܺ� ܰܪܚ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ ݂ܳ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

  

  

 



Chapter 

They sent messengers to him to beg for 1 peace. They said: We say:

We are the servants of the great king Nebuchadnezzar. See! We stand before you: do to us as you will. 2

See! All the land where we live, 3 all our fields, the plains (where we grow) our crops, 4 (graze) our flocks, our oxen, everywhere where we keep our cattle 5 is before you. Do to us as you will. See! Our cities and their inhabitants are your slaves. Come! Meet with us as you will. The messengers came and spoke thus 6 to Elparna.

He went down to the city on the coast, he and his army, and he set up garrisons in the fortified cities. He took from them chosen men (as) auxiliary troops. The cities and towns received him with garlands, tambourines, and tabors. He broke down all their temples, broke all their idols into fragments. For he had agreed 7 to destroy all the gods of the land so that all nations and peoples 8 would serve and worship Nebuchadnezzar and call him ‘god’.

He came to Jezreel, by the side of Dothan, opposite the great ridge of Judea,

‘to beg for’: lit. ‘with words of’. ‘as you will’: lit. ‘as is fair in your eyes’. 3 ‘where we live’: lit. ‘of the house of our dwelling’. 4 ‘plains (where we grow) our crops’: lit. ‘plains of our crops’. 5 ‘everywhere we keep our cattle’: lit. ‘all the dwelling-places of our cattle’. 6 ‘thus’: lit. ‘as these words’. 7 ‘agreed’: lit. ‘given in agreement’. 8 ‘peoples’: lit. ‘languages/tongues’. So passim. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܓ‪.‬‬

‫�ܘܬܶܗ ܺܐܝ ̈ܙ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܒ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ‪ܳ .‬ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܰܝܢܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ .‬ܗܐ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪ .‬ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠـܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܰ‬ ‫ܰ̈ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ܰܕܥ ܽܒـ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܢ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ̈ـܢ‬ ‫ܘܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܥܡܪܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܚܩܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ‪ .‬ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܘܬܘ�ܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ̈ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܽܡــܘ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝـ ݁ـܟ ܐ ܽܢــܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰ ݂ܓ ـܥ ݁ ܰܒ ـܢ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܛ ـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢـ ݂‬ ‫݁ܒܥܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܐܬܘ ܐܝܙ ݁ܓܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ̱ܘ � ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܳ ܽ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܠـܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐ ܺܩܝـܡ ܰܡܛـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ـܒ ܝܡـܐ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܗܝܢ ܥ ܶ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܡ ݂ܕܝܢ ݂ܬܐ ܥܫ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܟ ܺ� ̈�� ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ� ݂ ܺܒܝܥܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ̈ܒܠܝ ̱ܗܝ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ܰܩܪ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܦ ܶܣܩ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܒ ̱ܐ ܳܪܙ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܠـܗ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ̈ܶܡܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳܫܢ̈ܶܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܓ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ܩܪܘܢܶܗ ܐ ܳܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܢ‪ܽ .‬ܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ܘܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܐ � ܰܝܙܪܥܶܝܠ ݁ܕܥܰܠ ݁ܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܕ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 







 

X



And laid waste the Putaians and the Ludaians. They took captive all the children of Tyres, the children of Raemsis, the children of Ishmael, the inhabitants of the wilderness to the south, and Celon, the land of the Chaldeans. He crossed the Euphrates; he crossed it between the rivers of the south. He destroyed all the fortified cities by the side of the wadi 1 of Jabak, until they came to the sea.

He seized the territory of Cilicia, he ravaged all that stood before him. He came to the border of Japht which is in the south, bordering 2 the whole of Arabia.

He surrounded all the children of Midian; they burnt all their tents, captured their villages. 3

He went down to the fields of Damascus, at the time of the wheat harvest, and burnt all their crops, 4 fought (in) their plains, laid waste 5 their sheepfolds, herds, and flocks, plundered their cities, slaughtered their young men — put them to 6 the sword. Fear and trembling took hold of 7 all the inhabitants of the coast land, on Tyre and on Sidon, on the inhabitants of Sury, on all living in Lebna, on the inhabitants of Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza. They were terrified of him.

‘wadi’ or ‘valley’. ‘bordering’: lit. ‘on the face of’. 3 ‘villages’: specifically ‘pastoral villages’ or ‘sheepfolds’ or other small enclosed area. 4 ‘crops’: lit ‘fields’. 5 ‘laid waste’: lit. ‘made for destruction’. 6 ‘put them to’: lit. ‘by the mouth of’. 7 ‘took hold of’: lit. ‘fell upon’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬

‫ܨܚ ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬

‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ݁ ܺܬܝـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪܣ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘܚـ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛ ̈ܝܶ ـܐ ܰܘܠܽܘ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܶ ـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܫ ݂ ܰܒ ـܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܠܦ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܡܥܶܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܡܣܝܣ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܟܠـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܩܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܢܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̈ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܦ ܳܪ ݂ܬ‪ .‬ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܰܢܚ� ݂ܕܝܳ ݂ ܳܒܩ‪ :‬ܘܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܩ ܰܝܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳ� ܳܪ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܝ ݂ܦܬ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ݂ܕܝܰܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܫ ݂ ܰܒـܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܣــܘܩ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܚـ ܳـܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ̈ܶܚ ܶܛــܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ‬ ‫ـܬ ܠܚܩܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܢܚـ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܰܘܓ ܳܙ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡ� ݁ܒܥܶـܐ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܩ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܰܚ ̈ܩܠ ܳ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܪܘ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ�‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܙ �ܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܶܛܠ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ـ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒـ ܽܨܘܪ‬ ‫ܚܠܬܐ ܘ ݂ܪܬ ݂‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݁ ܳܝܕܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܥ ܽܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܽܣـܘܪܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ܟـܠ ݁ܕܥܡܪܝـܢ ݁ܒܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܶ ̇ ݁ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܩܠܘܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܥ ܳܐܙ ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢܶܗ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ܕܐܫܕܘ݂ܕ ܘ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

  





   

 



And, concerning these who do not comply: you shall not take pity on them. 1 You shall sentence them to death, the whole land to plunder, For I live, and my kingdom of which I have spoken! All these (things) my hands will do, 2

and you will not fail (to obey 3 a single) one of your lord’s commandments, but will indeed fulfil (them), as I have commanded you’. 4 So Elparna went out from the presence of his lord, and summoned the lords and the commanders of the armies, the officers of the Assyrian army,

And numbered the chosen men for war, as his lord had commanded him: one hundred and twenty thousand, and horsemen armed 5 with bows, twelve thousand. He commanded them to assemble for war,

And took camels and donkeys to carry their provisions — a great multitude. Also innumerable sheep, oxen, and small cattle for food, 6 And gold and silver from the king’s house — a great quantity.

He went out from Nineveh, he and his army, to go ahead of the king: they covered all the western region with chariots, with chosen footsoldiers.

Along with them went a motley host like (a swarm of) locust(s), like the crawling locust of the ground — they were innumerable. They went out from Nineveh, a three day journey, towards the plain of Beth-ktilath; they pitched camp in front of Beth-ktilath by the side of the mountain with the crater to the left of Upper Cilicia.

Then he led all his army, foot-soldiers, horsemen, and chariots, from there 7 to the mountain,

‘you shall not take pity on them’: lit. ‘your eye shall not spare them’. ‘All these (things) my hands will do’: lit. ‘I will do all these things with my hands’. 3 ‘fail (to obey’: lit. ‘pass over’. 4 ‘as I have commanded you’: lit. ‘as I have commanded you to do these’. 5 ‘armed’: lit. ‘shooting with’. 6 ‘for food’: lit. ‘for their food’. 7 ‘from there’: lit. ‘and he marched from there’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ ݁ܺ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩܛـ�‬ ‫ܠܡـ ݁ܬܠ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܣܝܢ‪݂ � :‬ܬ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܰܝ ܳܢـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ� ܡܬܛܦ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܙܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݂ܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܽ ̈ ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ�‪ܰ .‬ܐ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ � ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰܠ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܦܘܩܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕܡܪ ݂ܟ‪ .‬ܐ� ܡܫܡ�ܝܘ ݂ܬܫ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݁ܕ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܶܪܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ� ܰ� ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰܚ ̈�ـ ܶ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܽ� ̈ܘ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܕܗ ܳܡ ܶܪܗ‪ܳ .‬ܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ̈ ݁ ܶ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܘܦ�ܫܐ ܫ ݂ܕܝܝ ܒܩܫ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܘ ܳ� ݂ ܽܕܘ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܡ ܳ� ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܫܩܠܽܘܢ ݁ ܽܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܰܓ ̈ܡ ܶ� ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܽܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛـ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܘܥ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒـܐ ݂ܘܬܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟ ݁‬ ‫ܘܠܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒܐ ܘ ݂ܟܣܦܐ ܡܢ ݁ܒܝܬܗ ݁ܕܡ� ݁ܟܐ ܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܠܶܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ܶܡܢ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢܘܐ ܽܗܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܐ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܚ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܡܨ ܐ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܙ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܢܦܩ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܚܠܘܛܐ ܣܓ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣ ݂ܟ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܢܝܢܘܐ ܡܪܕ ܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬܐ ܝܘܡܝܢ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܩܛܝܠ ݂‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܪܘ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܓܢـܐ‪ :‬ܕܡـܢ ܣܡـ�‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܩܛܝܠ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ـ ݂ܒ ܛـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܩܝܠܝܩܝܐ ܥܠ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܳܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩـܠ ܡـܢ ܬܡـܢ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ � ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝـܐ ݂ܘܦ� ܶܫـܐ ܘܡ� ܟ ݂ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 

Chapter 





 



 

  

In the eighteenth year, on 1 the tenth (day) 2 of the first month, a word was (heard) in the house of King Nebuchadnezzar — to seek (vengeance) from the whole region, 3 as he had said.

He summoned all his servants and noblemen. He revealed to them the secret in his heart. So it was that, when he had finished speaking evil of the whole region, They too took it upon themselves to destroy everyone, those who did not obey his word. 4

When they had thought sufficiently, 5 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, summoned Elparna, the commander of his army, for he was his second in command. He said to him:

Thus says the great king, the lord of all the earth ‘See! You will go forth from my presence, you will take strong men with you — one hundred and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and very many cavalry 6 — twelve thousand —

And go up against all the land in the west — these who rejected my word. You shall say to them: You should prepare earth and water for me, for I come forth against them in my anger, to cover the face of all the earth with the feet of my army. I shall give them as plunder to the armies; Their valleys and their torrents will be filled with their slain, the overflowing river will be filled with their slain. I shall scatter their captives to the ends of the earth.

You will go out, seize all their territory for me: if they surrender guard them for me until the day of their punishment. 7 ‘on’: lit. ‘after’. ‘after the tenth (day)’: See Introduction. Addendum 2. 3 ‘the whole region’: lit. ‘all the earth’. So passim. 4 ‘his word’: lit. ‘the word of his mouth’. So passim. 5 ‘had thought sufficiently’: lit. ‘finished their thoughts’. 6 ‘cavalry’: lit. ‘horses with their riders’. 7 ‘punishment’ or ‘refutation’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܶ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܥܶܣـ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚــܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝــܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ـܬ ܥܣܪܝــܢ ܘ ݂ܬܡܢــܐ‪ :‬ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܫܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܠ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܘ�ܒ ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܓ ܳـ� ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܐ̱ ܳܪ ܳܙ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒـܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܫܠܡ ܠܡܐܡܪ ܒ‬ ‫ܠܡـܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܡܥـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܠܡܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܽܐܬܘܪ ܶ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ـܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܶܡ ̱ܘ ܶ� ܳ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܚܝܠܶܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܳ�ܢܶܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ܶܡـܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗ ݂ ܶܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܪ ̇ܗ ܕ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ܐܪܥـܐ‪ .‬ܗܐ ܐܢ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܘܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫ ܺܝܢܝܢ‪�ܶ :‬ܓ ܳ� ܶܝܐ ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥܶܣܪܝـܢ ܐ ݂ ̈‬ ‫ـܘܓܐܐ‬ ‫ܠܦܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ ܥܰܡ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܣܩ ܥܠ ܐܦܝ ܟ�ܗ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂‬ ‫ܥܪܒܐ‪ :‬ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܛܠܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܢ ܰܛܝ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ݂ ܶܦـܩ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠـܝ‪ .‬ܘܐܬܠ ܐܢـܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܒܚ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܡܬ ̱ܝ‪ ܶ .‬ܘܡ ݂ܟܣܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܐܦܝ ܟ� ̇ܗ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܒ� ݂ܓ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܚ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ̈��‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܛ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܽܘܢ ܰܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓ ܶܪ ݂ܦ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ‬ ‫ܚ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ� ݂ܓܠ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܩܛ ܰ‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬܡ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܫ ݂ ܺܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܰܘ ܽܐܚܘ݂ܕ ܺܠܝ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܰܢܫ� ܽܡܘܢ‪ :‬ܛܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܺܠܝ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ܳܣ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



He returned to Nineveh, he and his army, and many warriors. He lived there in luxury, enjoying himself, he and his whole army, (for) one hundred and twenty days.



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܺ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܠܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ �ܢܝܢܘܐ ܗܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܣܡ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܢܶـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓـܐܐ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓ ݂ܒـ� ܐ ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܣ ܶ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚܝܠܗ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith Ch. 



 









To all in Samaria, the provinces, 1 and on the other side of the Jordan, as far as Jerusalem, in Batnan, Calwan, Kadesh, by the river of Egypt, in Tahpis, Raemsis, to all Geshan, As far as Saan, in Memphis, to all who live in the land of Egypt, as far as the border of Cush. 2

But all the inhabitants of the land rejected 3 the word of King Nebuchadnezzar, did not wage war, and were not afraid of him — for they were united, 4 and they treated his messengers with contempt. 5

Nebuchadnezzar was extremely angry with this whole region; 6 he swore by his throne and by his kingdom that he would be avenged on all the territories 7 of Cilicia, Damascus, and Bashan, and would put to the sword 8 all the inhabitants of Moab, the Ammonites, all Judea, 9 all those in Egypt — to reach as far as 10 the border of the two seas. He prepared his army to confront King Arpachshar in the seventeenth year. He strengthened himself for war; he turned back all Arpachshar’s army, all his horsemen, all his chariots,

He had dominion over his cities; he reached as far as Kaphtan and seized the towers, captured its land outside the walls, 11 he turned all their beauty to shame.

He seized 12 Arpachshar in the mountains of Regu, he slew him in his pride, he destroyed him forever. 13 ‘provinces’ or ‘cities’. So passim. ‘Cush’ or ‘Ethiopia’. So passim. 3 ‘rejected’: lit. ‘turned back’. 4 ‘for they were united’: lit. ‘because they were all as one man’. 5 ‘treated … with contempt’: lit. ‘turned back … with shame of their faces’. 6 ‘region’: lit. ‘land’. So too Judith 2:1,11. 7 ‘territories’: lit. ‘borders’. So too Judith 2:5,15. 8 ‘would put to the sword’: lit. ‘to slaughter by the sword’. 9 ‘Judea’: Syriac ‘Jehud’. So passim. 10 ‘reach as far as’: lit. ‘to come to’. 11 ‘its land outside the walls’: lit. ‘their open country’. 12 ‘seized … seized’: two different Syriac roots. 13 ‘forever’: lit. ‘until today’. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܳ ܽ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܝ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠـܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ܳܢܢ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܕܡـܐ �‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܘ ݂ܒܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܛܢــܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܦܝــܣ‪:‬‬ ‫�ــܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕܩــ ݂ ܶܕܫ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢــܗܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܨܪܝــܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫�ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܡܣܝܣ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܓ ܳܫܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ ܰܦــܣ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟــܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܨ ܳܥــܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܐ ݂ܬܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝܟ ݁ ܰܓܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚܕ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܪ ܐ ܰܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܠ ܰܡ� ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ــܬ ܳܛــ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ــܗ ܰܐܪ ܳܥــܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܺ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟــ ܶ‬ ‫ــܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝܗ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܬܶܗ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒ ـܥ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܩ ܰܝ ـܐ ܰܘ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܣــܘܩ‬ ‫�ܟـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܫܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܡܩ ܳܛܠܽܘ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ـܐܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܟܠ ܕ ݂ܒܡܨܪܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܠܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶــܗ ܽܠـ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܫ ݂ ܰܒܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܥܰ ܰܫــܢ‬ ‫ܘܥـ‬ ‫ܫܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ــܘܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒܩܪ ݂ܒــܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܗܦــ ݂ܟ ܠ ݂ܟܠــܗ ܰܚܝܠــܗ ݁ܕܐ ݂ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ‪ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܟ�ــܗܘܢ ܦ� ܰܫ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ـܕ �‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܩ ݂ܦ�ـܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰܒـܫ ܡ ݂ܓ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ܥܰܠ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̈ـ ݂ܬܗ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܡܛـܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܕ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܫ ݂ܒܐ ܠܫܛܚܝܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ �ܐܝ ݂ܘܬܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ̇ܗ ܠܚ ݁‬ ‫ـܕܗ ܰ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ ݁ܒ ܽܛــܘ ܰ�ܝ ܳܪ ݁ ܽܓــܘ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܩܛܠܶــܗ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡــܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒـ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܚـ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Judith

IX



 

  





Chapter  In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, who reigned in the great city Nineveh, in the time 1 of Arpachshar, king of Media, who reigned in Kaphtan,

He 2 built a tower in Kaphtan and encircled it with a wall (built of) hewn stones. The stones were three cubits thick, and six cubits long. The wall was seventy cubits high. He built towers at the gates in the wall, one hundred cubits (high). The width of a gate was sixty cubits.

He made gates and gate-posts, sixty cubits high, forty cubits wide, 3 so that the military chariots 4 could go out (through them). At that time, King Nebuchadnezzar made war with King Arpachshar on the plain: that is, the plain of Dura.

All the inhabitants of the hill-country opposed 5 him, together with all who lived 6 by the river Euphrates, by the Deklath, upon the Ulay, on the plain of Arioch the king of Elam. Many nations 7 assembled to fight with the Chaldeans. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, sent to all the inhabitants of Lebna, to all who were living in Cilicia, Damascus, Lebanon and its surroundings, to all those living on the coast,

To the inhabitants of Carmel, Gilead, the Upper Galilee, on the great plain of Jezreel,

‘time’: lit. ‘days’. So too Judith 1:5. ‘He’: ‘Arpachshar’ is the subject. 3 ‘wide’: same Syriac root as ‘thick’ in Judith 1:3. 4 ‘military chariots’: lit. ‘chariots of his army’. 5 ‘opposed’: lit. ‘went out against’. 6 ‘inhabitants … lived’: same Syriac root’. 7 ‘nations’ or ‘peoples’. So passim. 1 2



‫ܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫ܰܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܛ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫݁ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܬܶܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐܡܠܶـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܢـܘܐ‬ ‫ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܬ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܒܝܘܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܐ ݂ܪܦ ݂ܟܫܪ ܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝ‪ :‬ܕܐܡܠ ݂ܟ ܒܩ ݂ܦ�ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̈ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܳ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܢܐ ܡ ݂ܓܕ� ܠܩ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܐܚـܕܪ ̇ܗ ܽܫـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܟ ݂ܐܦـܐ ݂ܦܣܝܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܘܐ ܪ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـܘܪ ܐ ܰܫ ݂ܒܥܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ ܺܟ ݂ܐܦܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܽ .‬ܘܐܘܪ ݁ܟـ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܢܐ ܡ ݂ܓܕ� ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܥܐ ݂ܕܫܘܪ ܐ ܡܐܐ ܐܡܝܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܗ ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܺ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ̈ܝ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܗܘܢ ܫܬܝـܢ ܐܡܝـܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܦ ܳܩ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܡ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫـܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ‪ܺ .‬ܗܝ ܺܗܝ ܰܦܩܥܰܬ ݁ ܳܕܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫̱ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥܡ ܰ�ܝ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ܆ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠܶܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܪ ܐ ݂ܦـ ܳܪ ݂ܬ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܪܝܳܘ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕܥܺܝܠܰـܡ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܩܠ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܐܘܠܝ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܩ ܰܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܪܡܣــܘܩ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܚـ ݂ ܳܕ � ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥـܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟܪܡـ� ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܓ�ܥـ ݂ܕ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܓܠܝـ� ܥܠܝـܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܙܪܥܶܝܠ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

 



Chapter 

King Ahasuerus imposed a tax on the whole land, and on the islands in the sea.

All his mighty deeds, his wonders (that he had wrought), the praise of the dignity of Mordecai which the king had conferred on him 1 — See! (They are) written in the book of the affairs of the days of the kings of Media and Persia. For Mordecai the Jew was the viceroy of King Ahasuerus; he was the greatest of the Jews, he desired good for his people, he spoke peace to all his descendants.

1

‘conferred on him’: lit. ‘made him great’.



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫ܝ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܪܡܝ ܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ ܡܕ ݂‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܶܗ‪݂ :‬ܘܬܶ ݁‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰ ̈ܕܝ ܽܥܘܫܢܶܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܒ ܰܚ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒ ݂ܘܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܘܪܒـܗ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟ ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܦ ܶܪܣ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܝ ݂ܒ ܒܣ ݂ܦܪ ܡ�ܝ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘܪ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܶ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܪܫ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡـܐ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ‬ ‫ܡܡܠـܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ �ܥܡܗ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰܙܪܥܶܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 











So these days are remembered and kept in all families, provinces, and cities; these days of Purim will always be observed in the Jewish community, 1 and remembered by 2 their descendants.

Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote confirming all this, 3 so that they would confirm this letter concerning Purim. They sent letters to all the Jews in the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of King Ahasuerus: words of truth and of peace,

So that they would maintain these days of Purim in their (appointed) time, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had enjoined them, as they had enjoined 4 those (days) for them and for their children, a commandment, and their fasting and their prayer. Esther’s decree confirmed 5 these words concerning Purim, and it was written in a book.

‘always be observed in the Jewish community’: lit. ‘not pass away from the midst of the Jews’. 2 ‘and remembered by’: lit. ‘and their remembrance shall not pass away from’. 3 ‘confirming all this’: lit. ‘all confirmations/sanctions’. 4 ‘maintain … enjoined … enjoined’: same Syriac root. 5 ‘confirmed’: same Syriac root as ‘maintain’ and ‘enjoined’ in the previous verse. 1



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪� ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ܠܒ‬

‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܽܘܕܘ ݂ܟܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܶܡ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝــܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝــܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ܰܫ� ݂ ܳܒ ـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܝ ـܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܝܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܘ��ܶܐ ܳܗܠܝܢ � ܢܶ ݁ܥܒܪܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒܝ ܶܚـܠ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܶ ܡ ܳ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܪܘܢ ܐ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ܪܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܘ��ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ـܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܶܐ ݁ܓ ـ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝــܢ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒ ـܥ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢــܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪̈ .‬ܡ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ ܽ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫـܪ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܽܡـܘܪ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‬ ‫ܕܢܫܪܘܢ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܐܫܪܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܘܥܠ ݁ܒ�ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܨܠ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝܪ ܐ ܰܫܪ ܥܰܠ ̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐܡܪ ̇ܗ ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

  

 







Mordechai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far.

(Saying) that they should take upon themselves (the responsibility) of doing so 1 on the fourteenth of Adar, at the full moon, every year, 2

As (commemoration of) the days when the Jews were at peace 3 from their enemies, the month which was transformed from misery to gladness, from mourning to holiday, that they would make them days of banquet and gladness, that each would send presents to his neighbor and gifts to the poor. The Jews took upon themselves to maintain 4 whatever they had begun to do, whatever Mordecai had written.

Because of Haman, son of Hamadat the Agagite, the enemy of all Jews — he had plotted concerning the Jews, that he would destroy them, had cast lots so that he might destroy 5 them.

For when Esther entered before the king, the scribe said: Let the wicked plots be reversed, 6 (be) upon his head, he who plotted against the Jews — let them hang him and his sons on the gallows. Because of this, he called those days ‘Purim’, to commemorate the lots which were cast, 7 because of the words of this letter, on account of what they saw, on account of all that had happened to them,

The Jews took it upon themselves and upon their descendants, and upon all who associated with them, not to fail to keep 8 these two days, as recorded (as happening) in their time, every year.

‘of doing so’: lit. ‘that they would be doing’. ‘every year’: lit. ‘every year by year’. 3 ‘were at peace’: lit. ‘rested in them’. 4 ‘maintain’: lit. ‘set firmly’. 5 ‘destroy … destroy’: two different Syriac roots. 6 ‘be reversed’: lit. ‘turn around’. 7 ‘to commemorate the lots which were cast’: lit. ‘on account of the name of the lot’. 8 ‘not to fail to keep’: lit. ‘that not would it fail that they would be doing’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬

‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܶܐ ݁ܓ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫݂ܺ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܚܫܝܪܫ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܩ�ܝ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ� ܺܚܝܩܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܽܘܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ܳܣـܐܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ܳܐܕܪ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܢـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝــ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚــ ̱ܘ ݁ܒــ ܽܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐ ܶܡــܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܪܚــܐ‬ ‫ܐܝــ ݂ܟ ܝــܘܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܛ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒـ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫݂ܕܐܫܬܚܠ ݂ܦ ܡܢ ܕܘܘܢܐ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܢ ܐ ݂ܒـ� �ܝ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܰܢܫ ݁ܕ ܽܪܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܐ̱ܢܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒـܪܗ‪ :‬ܘܡـܘܗ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫��ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪܝܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘܡ ݂ܕܡ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܗ ܰܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ݂ ܶܦ ̈ܨܶ ܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܪܘ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪ .‬ܢܶ ̈ܗ ݁ܦ ݂ ܳܟـܢ ܰܡܚ ̈ܫ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܡ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐ� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ܕܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܥܠ ܝܺܗܘ݂ܕ�ܶܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܬܠـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ܘܠ ݂ܒ�ـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫݂ܒܝܫ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܩܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܡ ܶܫܡ ݁ ܶܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܚܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ̈ܡ�‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ��ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݁ܐܓ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ـܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܰܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݂ܒܛܠ‪ :‬ܕܢܗܘܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒܕܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܬܪܝܢ ܝܘܡܝܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܢܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

  



 



  

The ten sons of Haman the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, they killed; but they did not take 1 plunder. On that day, the number of the slain in Shushan the capital was brought to the attention of 2 the king.

He said to Queen Esther, in Shushan the palace: The Jews have killed, destroyed, five hundred men, and Haman’s ten sons — what have they done in the rest of the provinces? What is your request? It shall be granted you. What is your petition? It will be given to you. Esther said: May the Jews be allowed 3 to do tomorrow as (they have done) today. May (the bodies of) the ten sons of Haman be hanged on the gallows.

The king said: Let them do so. The edict was issued 4 in Shushan, and they hanged the (bodies of) the ten sons of Haman on the gallows. The Jews who were in Shushan also assembled on the fourteenth (day) of the month. They killed three hundred men in Shushan, but they did not take plunder.

The rest of the Jews, who were in the provinces of the king, assembled and defended themselves. 5 They were at peace 6 from their enemies. They killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them, but they did not take plunder, On the thirteenth (day) of the month of Adar. On the fourteenth (day) of the month they rested, They made it a day of feasting and gladness.

Therefore, the Jews who were scattered, who lived in the more distant towns, 7 made a festival on the fourteenth of Adar, a banquet, a holiday, and each man sent presents to his neighbor.

‘take’: lit. ‘stretch out their hands to’. So too Esther 9:15,16. ‘was brought to the attention of the king’: lit. ‘came … before the king’. 3 ‘May the Jews be allowed’: lit. ‘May it be given … to the Jews’. 4 ‘edict was issued’: lit. ‘commandment was commanded’. 5 ‘defended themselves’: lit. ‘stood for their souls/their lives’. See also Esther 8:11. 6 ‘peace’: lit. ‘rest’. 7 ‘more distant towns’: lit. ‘scattered towns (or villages)’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܳܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ‪݁ .‬ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ܩܛܠـ ̱ܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ �‬ ‫ܰܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܺܢ̈ ̱‬ ‫ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܗܘ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܥܰܠ ܡܢ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܩܛܝ� ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ �ܣܬܝܪ ܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ܡܢܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪ .‬ܘܡܢܐ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ݁ܒܢ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܗܡܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒܫܪܟܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܐ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ�ܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܚܪ ܺܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ‪ :‬ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬܠܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܢ̈ ̱‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ�ܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܬ ܰܠܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܒـܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܶܛܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܙܬܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܠ ݂ܬܡܐܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܺ ܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟــܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫــ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ݂ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܡــ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫــܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܫܪܟــܐ ݂ܕܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢــ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩܛܠـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܳܣ ܰܢܐܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܫ ݂ܒܥܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܡܫـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܦܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂ܙܬܐ � ܐ‬ ‫ܐ ݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܳܐ݂ ܳܕܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܶ� ܐ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܐܕܪ‬ ‫ܰܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܘܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ݁ܕ ܺܪܝܢ ܡ ܰ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 









    

Chapter 

In the twelfth month, that is Adar, on the thirteenth (day of the month), when the time came to carry 1 out the word of the king, and his commandment, against their enemies, the decree 2 was reversed and power over those who hated them was given to the Jews. 3

The Jews assembled, in their cities, in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to lay hands 4 on those who had done them harm. 5 Noone stood against them, for fear of them had fallen upon all peoples.

All the noblemen of the provinces, the commanders of the armies, the lords, the royal officials, 6 honored the Jews, for fear of the king fell upon them. For Mordecai rose to high honor 7 with the king, and his name was known 8 throughout the kingdoms, for the man Mordecai grew steadily greater. 9 The Jews struck all their enemies with the sword, 10 with slaughter, with destruction; they did as they wished to those who hated them.

In Shushan the capital, the Jews killed five hundred men, And Pashiruth, Dalchon, Espoth, Parlat, Dalaiah, Dairath,

Parsmuth, Disai, Adri, and Zuth,

‘carry’: lit. ‘be carried’. ‘decree’: different Syriac word from that in e.g. Esther 3:14. 3 ‘and power over those who hated them was given to the Jews.’: lit. ‘so that the Jews would have power over their haters’. 4 ‘lay hands’: lit. ‘stretch out a hand’. 5 ‘those who had done them harm’: lit. ‘the doers of their evil’. 6 ‘royal officials’: lit. ‘doers of the work of the king’. 7 ‘rose to high honor’: lit. ‘grew great’. 8 ‘was known’: lit. ‘went’. 9 ‘grew steadily greater’: lit. ‘went and grew great’. 10 ‘sword’: lit. ‘a blow of the sword’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܛ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܚــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣــܪ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣ ـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܰܡܛــܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡــܐ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ̈‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܕ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܫܬܚ� ݂ܦـ ݂ܬ ܥ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ܳ ̈ܣ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܢܫܬ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܫܝـ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ܒ ܽܩــܘ ܺ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ـܪܫ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ ܳ� ܳܩــܡ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܛــܘܢ ܺܐܝـ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ـܕ ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛــܠ‬ ‫ܕܢ‬ ‫ـܕܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁ܕܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܚܠ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܰ ܳܶ ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰ� ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰܚ ̈� ܶ�‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܺ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܚܠܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܝܩܪܝܢ ܠܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ‪ .‬ܡܛܠ ܕܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܺܕ ܶ‬ ‫�ــܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡــܗ ܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܟــܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝــܪ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ‬ ‫ــܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ̈‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘ� ܶܪ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒܥܶ� ݁ ̈ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܚܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܛ�‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܕܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܡܚ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕܚܪܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܩ‬ ‫ܐܝܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܳ ̈ܣ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݁ ܺܒܝ ݁ܪܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܕܠ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܺܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܦ ݂ܘܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܪܠܛ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܰܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܕ ܰܝܪ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܕܝ ܰܣܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ�݁ܕ ܺܪܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݁ ܰܦܪܣ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܘܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

 

For the Jews there was light and gladness, honor and exultation.

In all the provinces, in all the cities, wherever the word and commandment of the king had come, the Jews were very happy, they had a banquet — a good day. 1 Many of the peoples of the land were troubled, 2 for fear of the Jews fell upon them.

1 ‘the Jews were very happy, they had a banquet — a good day’: lit. ‘there was great gladness for the Jews and a banquet and a good day’. 2 ‘were troubled’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܰ ܺܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܺܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܨ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܗܘܐ ܢܘܗܪ ܐ ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ ܰܬܪ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܺܛܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳܠ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܐ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܠ ܽܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܶܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܳܘܝܰܘܡܐ ܛ ݂ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܣ ݂ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܠܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 







 





The king’s scribes were called at that time, in the third month which is Heziran, on the twenty-third (day) of the month. They wrote everything which Mordecai had written concerning the Jews, to the commanders of the armies, to the lords, to the noblemen in the provinces, 1 from Hod to Cush, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, (for each) province in its own script, (for each) people in its own language, and for the Jews in their script and their language. They were written in the name of King Ahasuerus, and sealed with the king’s seal; he sent letters by the hands of runners, by the hands of couriers on horseback, 2 and riders of horses born into the (royal) herd. 3

Letters which the king had written to the Jews in every province, (telling them) to assemble, to defend themselves, 4 to destroy, to kill, to annihilate any man who distressed them, the children, the wives, or plundered them. 5 On the same 6 day in all King Ahasuerus’ provinces, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, that is Adar,

A copy of the letter was given to every province; it commanded all the people, (saying that) the Jews should be prepared for that day, so that they take revenge on their enemies.

The runners came, and the couriers on horseback: they went forth urgently, according to the word and the command which came forth from 7 the capital Shushan. Mordecai left the king’s presence (clad) in royal robes, in blue, in fine white linen, with a golden crown, robed 8 in fine white linen and purple. The city of Shushan exulted, rejoiced.

‘provinces’1 or ‘cities’. 2 ‘couriers on horseback’: lit. ‘messengers riding post’. So too Esther 8:14. 3 ‘born into the (royal) herd’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘defend themselves’: lit. ‘to stand for their lives’. See too Esther 9:16. 5 ‘plundered them’: lit. ‘(took) their property for plunder’. 6 ‘same’: lit. ‘one’. 7 ‘which came forth from’: lit. ‘which was commanded in’. 8 ‘robed’: lit. ‘wrapped’. 1



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܗܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܳܝܪܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܬܩܪܝܘ ܣ ݂ܦ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܒܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ܗܘ‪ :‬ܒܝܪܚܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰـܠ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܰ ܳ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܗ ݂ܘܕ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܫ‪:‬‬ ‫�� ܒܝ ܚܝ� ܘܠܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ�ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ݂݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ�ܥܡܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܠܫܢـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢܢ‪݂ :‬‬ ‫ܺ ܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܩـܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܶܫܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܕܪ‬ ‫ܚܬܡـ ̱ܘ ܒ�ܙ ݂‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܐܬܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܺ ݁ܽ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܓ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܕ �ܗܛܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܕ ܐܣܦܘ ݂ܟܐ‪݂ � :‬ܟܒܝ � ݂ܟܫܐ ݂ܒܢܝ � ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢ ܽܫـܘ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܐܓ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡܩܡ �ܢ ݂ܦܫܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܚܪ ݂ܒ ܘܠܡܩܛـܠ ܘܠܡـܘܒ ݂ܕܘ ܠ ݂ܟـܠ ܐ̱ܢـܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܛ ܳ� ̈ܝܶܐ ܘܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܢܝ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܡܥܺܝܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܽܝܘܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܗ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܡܛܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܪܥܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܬܘ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܐ ̈ܣ ݁ ܽܦ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܟـܐ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒـܝ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܡܣܪܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݂ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܘܩܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܦܩ ݂ܕ ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܘܪܕܟܝ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܒ� ݂ܒܘܫܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܨ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܕ ݂ܬ ݀‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܠܝ� ݂ܕ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܟܪܝ ݂ܟ ܒ ݂ܒܘܨ ܐ ܘ ݂ܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 







 

 



Chapter 

On that day, King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, and Mordecai entered the presence of the king, for Esther had revealed their relationship. 1

The king raised up the signet ring which he had taken back 2 from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai, and Esther established Mordecai over Haman’s house. Esther returned, and spoke before the king. She fell at his feet, (made) supplication, entreated him, to set aside the evil (intent) of Haman the Agagite, and the plot which he had plotted against the Jews. The king stretched out the golden staff to Esther, and Esther approached him.

She stood before the king and said: If it pleases the king, if the matter seems good to the king, and if I have found favor in his eyes, may he write, may he bring back the letters and (forestall) the plots of Haman the Agagite that he wrote (ordering) the destruction of 3 all the Jews in all the king’s provinces. For how can I bear to see the calamity which will happen to my people? How can I bear 4 to see the destruction of my family? King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther: See! I have given you Haman’s house, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because he threatened 5 the Jews.

And you: (act) concerning the Jews as seems good to you. In the name of the king, order them to seal with the king’s seal, in the writing that is written in the king’s name: that which is sealed with the king’s seal 6 cannot be overturned. 7 ‘their relationship’: lit. ‘what he was to her’. ‘raised up … he had taken back’: same Syriac root. 3 ‘the destruction of’: lit. ‘to destroy’. 4 ‘how can I bear … how can I bear’: lit. ‘how am I able … how am I able’; two different Syriac roots. 5 ‘threatened’: lit. ‘stretched out his hand against’. 6 ‘seal’: lit. ‘signet ring’. 7 ‘cannot be overturned’: lit. ‘does not return’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܒ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ �‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܓܠ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܩــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ‪ :‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݁ ܳܒــ ̇ܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܩــܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ــܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܩــܠ ܡ ܶ�ܟــܐ �ܙ ݂‬ ‫݁ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܥܠ ܒ‬ ‫ܝܡܬܗ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܩ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܦܟ ݂ܬ ܐܣ‬ ‫ܥܝـܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܠ � ݂ܓܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܦܐ ܠܗ‪݁ :‬ܕܢ ݁ܥܒـܪ ݁ܒܝܫـܬܐ ݂ܕܗܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܫ ݂ܒـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ .‬ܘܩܪܒ ݂ܬ ܠܗ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܘܫܛ ܡ�ܟܐ �‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀‪ܶ .‬ܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ ܰܦـܪ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫݂ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܢ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܗܦـ ݂ܟ ܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܟـ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܘܢ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ ݂ܒܥܰܝܢ̈ـ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̈ܚܫ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܳܓ ܳܓ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܰܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚܙ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫ܨ�ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟ ܳܚܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܝܫܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕܫ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܪ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܝ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܗܒـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ �‬ ‫ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܐܘܫܛ ܺܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ݁ܬ ܰܠܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܐ‪ܶ.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܬܘܡـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܚــܬܡ‬ ‫ܩــܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟــܐ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒــܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܬܟــ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒܫــܡ ܡ�ܟــܐ ܘܡ ݂ܬ ݂‬ ‫ܒ�ܙ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܘ� ܳܗ ݂ܦ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ�ܙ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 







The king went from the garden of the pavilion, to (return to) the banquet. Haman had cast himself 1 upon the couch on which Esther sat. The king said: Will he also dishonor the queen, in my presence, 2 within the house? The king spoke the word: 3 Haman’s face was covered.

Rahbona, one of the king’s eunuchs, answered, said in the presence of the king: See! There is the gallows, too. Haman was prepared to hang Mordecai on it, for he had spoken in the king’s interest. 4 It stands in Haman’s house, fifty cubits high. The king said: Let them hang him on it. They hanged Haman on the gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai. The king’s anger was assuaged.

‘had cast himself’: lit. ‘lay’. ‘Will he also dishonor the queen, in my presence?’: lit. ‘Also to dishonor the queen with me’. 3 ‘The king spoke the word’: lit. ‘The word went out from the mouth of the king’. 4 ‘in the king’s interest’: lit. ‘fairly concerning the king’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܪܡـܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܗ ݂ܦ ݂ܟ ܡܢ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳܘܢܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡــܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰــܠ ܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟ ـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝــܪ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ܥܠܶܝـ ̇‬ ‫ܡܨ ܳ�ـ ܽـܪܘ‬ ‫ܪܣــܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܦـ ܶ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܝ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܒܝܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ܶ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬܚܦܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܡܗܝ ̈ܡ ܰܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܰ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ܰܟܝ ܥܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܶܩܢ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܪܬܐ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܥـܠ ܕܐܡـܪ ܫܦ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ .‬ܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ܰܚ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘܩܐܡ ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫݂ܬ� ̱‬ ‫ܰܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܶܩـܢ ܶܠـܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ .‬ܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܶܰܘ ݂ܬ� ̱‬ ‫ܝܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

 





  

Chapter 

The king and Haman went to the banquet which Queen Esther had prepared.

The king said to Esther, on the same day as the banquet: 1 What is your request, your petition? Up to half my kingdom, it will be given to you.

Esther answered saying: If I have found favor in your eyes, O king, and if it pleases the king, I ask that my life may be spared, I petition for my people too. 2

For I and my people have been sold, for slaughter, to the sword, to destruction! Had it been that we would be sold as slaves, as bondwomen, I would have kept silent, but the enemy does not desist from telling (his story to) 3 the king.

King Ahasuerus answered and said to Queen Esther: Who is this? — Or where is (he), whose heartfelt desire 4 is to do so?

Esther said: The man, the oppressor, the enemy — he is Haman, this evil (man). Haman quaked before the king and the queen.

The king rose, angrily, from the banquet, 5 to go outside to the garden of the pavilion. Haman stood, that he might plead for his life from Queen Esther, for he saw that the king determined an evil fate for him. 6

‘on the same day as the banquet’: lit. ‘also on the day of the banquet of wine’. ‘I ask that my life may be spared, I petition for my people too’: lit. ‘may my soul be given in my request and my people in my petition’. 3 ‘telling (his story to)’: lit. ‘showing clearly’. 4 ‘whose heartfelt desire’: lit. ‘who would raise up his heart’. 5 ‘banquet’: lit. ‘banquet of wine’. So passim. 6 ‘the king determined an evil fate for him’: lit. ‘evil was determined against him from the king’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܠܡܫܬ�ܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ �ܗ ܡ�ܟܐ �‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݂ .‬ܥܕܡܐ ܠ ݂ܦ ݁‬ ‫ܠܓ ̇ܗ ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫̱ܗܝ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀‪ܶ .‬ܐܢ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ̈ ܰܝܢ ݁‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܘܥܢܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݂݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡܝ ܒ ݂ܒܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܝ ܒܫܐܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܥ ̱‬ ‫ܡ�ܟܐ ܫܦܝܪ‪ :‬ܬ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ܢ ݂ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܙܕ ݁ ܰܒܢ ܰܢܢ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܘܥܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܛـ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠـܘ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬܩܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܠܩ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢـ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ‪݂ܶ �ܳ .‬ܓܝــܪ ܳܫـ ܶـ� ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ـܗܪ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ܒـܕ ܐ ܘܐܡـ‬ ‫ـܗ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܙܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܢــܢ‪ܳ :‬ܫ ݂ܬ ܳܩــܐ ̱ܗ ܺܘܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܽܢـܘ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܐ ܰܝܢـܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ‬ ‫ܘܥܢܐ ܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ ܘܐܡـܪ �‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕܢܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫـܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܐ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ݁ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ ܘܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܬܬܙܝܥ ܡܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܡܬܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳܘܢـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܒ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܰܦـܩ‬ ‫ܘܡ�ܟܐ ܩܡ ܒܚ ݂‬ ‫ܠܓܢ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܳܩܡ ݁ܕܢܶ ݂ܒܥܶܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫـܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܐ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ‬ ‫݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܓܪ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܒ‬ ‫ܬ � ̇ܗ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 







 



Let the garment, and the horse, be given to one of the king’s Parthian freemen; 1 and let them clothe the man whom the king wishes to honor, let them set him on the horse, let them lead him around the streets; they should call out before him ‘Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king wishes to honor’.

So the king said to Haman: At once, take the garment, lead the horse, as you have said; and do thus to Mordecai the Jew who sits in the king’s gate — do everything 2 that you have suggested.

So Haman took the garments and he led the horse; he clothed Mordecai and led him around the city streets, and called out before him: Thus is it done to the man whom the king wishes to honor. Mordecai came to the king’s gate, and Haman went to his house, mourning, covering his head.

Haman told his wife Zaresh everything that had happened to him. His friends, and his wife Zaresh, said: If Mordecai is of the Jewish race, 3 and you have begun to show him respect, you will not take his power from him. 4 Rather, you will continue to show him respect. 5

While he was talking with them, the king’s runners came, and made Haman hurry to the banquet which Esther had prepared.

‘by the king’s Parthian freemen’: lit. ‘from the Parthian freemen of the king’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘do everything’: lit. ‘do not omit a word’. 3 ‘Jewish race’: lit. ‘seed of the Jews’. 4 ‘take his power from him’: lit. ‘find his power’. 5 ‘show him respect … show him respect’: lit. ‘fall before him … fall before him’. 1



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܺܚܐ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܰܦ� ݂ܬ ܳܘ�ܶܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݁‬ ‫ܘܣܝܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂‬ ‫ܠܒ ܺܫ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝܩـܪܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݁ܪܟ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢܶܗ ܥܰـܠ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܣܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݁‬ ‫ܚܕܪܘܢܶـܗ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪܘܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܝܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܓܠ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܺܽ ܳܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܒܨܪ ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܝܗ ݂ܘܕ�ܐ‪ :‬ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܠܒ ܶܫـܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܶܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐ ݂ܟܪ ݂ ܶܟـܗ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‬ ‫ܒܫܘܩܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ܰ ݂‬ ‫݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒܝܠ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܡܚ ݁ ܰܦܝ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܰܙܠ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݂‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺܪܝܫܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓـ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܶܠـܗ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܫܬܥܺܝ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺܪܝــܬ݁‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ ܰܘܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܶ :‬ܐܢ ܶܡــܢ ܰܙܪܥܰ ـܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐ ܽܡـ ݁‬ ‫ܳ�ܚܡـ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܰܦܠ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܩܕ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܢ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܕ� ܡܨ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܚܝܠܗ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܢ ݂ܦܠ ̱‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܺܛܝܘ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܶܠ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ݂ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܣܪܗ ݂ ܽܒـ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܫܬ�ܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 





 VIII

4

 

 

Chapter 

That night sleep evaded the king, so he ordered (that they should) bring the book of records of daily occurrences, and they read (it) to the king.

It was found that was written (there) that Mordecai had made it known, concerning Bagthan and Teresh, two eunuchs of the king, guardians of the gate, that they had sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. The king said: What glory and honor has been conferred on 1 Mordecai for this? The king’s servants and his ministers said to the king that nothing had been done for him.

The king said: Who is in the court? Haman had come to the king’s house, to the outer court, so that he could say to the king that he should hang Mordecai on the gallows that he had set up for him. His young men said to the king: See! Haman is standing in the court. The king said: Let him enter.

So Haman entered. The king said to him: What is it proper to do for a man whom the king wishes to honor? 2 Haman said to himself: 3 Whom, more than me, does the king wish to honor? 4

Haman said to the king: For the man whom the king wishes to honor — Let them bring royal robes, such as the king wears, a horse such as the king rides, while you place on its head a royal crown.

‘conferred on’: lit. ‘done for’. ‘wishes to honor’: lit. ‘wishes with his honor’. So passim. 3 ‘to himself’: lit. ‘in his heart’. 4 ‘to honor … to honor’: same Syriac root as ‘glory’ in e.g. Esther 1:4. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫ܨܚ ܚ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܥܠܽܘ ܣ ݂ ܰܦܪ ܽܥ ̈‬ ‫ܢܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ̈ܡـ�‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܠ�ܝܐ ܗܘ ܦܪܕ ݂ܬ ܫ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܳܩ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܢ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܪܫ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܒ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰـ ܺܠ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܓـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܐܫܬ ݂ܟܚ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܢܛ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܬܪܥܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒܥܰܘ ݂ܕ ܰܢܘܫܛܘܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܚܫܝܪܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܳ .‬ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܡܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܐܝܩܪ ܐ ܘܪܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܐ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠܗ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܡ ܳܫ ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܬܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܽܢܘ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܝـܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ـܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ܶ� ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܺܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܐܬ ܶܩܢ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܠܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܗܡܢ ܩܐܡ ܒ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܠܗ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܘ ܶ� ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܽܢܘ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝـܪ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܠܡܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝܩ‬ ‫ܝܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݂ ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܠ ݂ ܶܒـܫ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܝܬܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒܘܫـܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟـ‬ ‫ܢ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܣܝـܐ ݂ܕܪ ݂ܟـ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܬܣܝܡ ܬ ݂ܓܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝܫܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

 



 

Haman was enraged. He went to his house, he sent (them) to bring 1 all his friends and Zaresh his wife.

Haman told them of the glory of his wealth, his many sons, how the king had raised him up, advanced him above the noblemen, above all the king’s servants.

Haman said: Further, Esther has brought no-one other than me before the king; 2 and also, tomorrow, I am invited to her, with the king.

But all of this profits me not at all so long as 3 I see him, Mordecai the Jew, who sits in the king’s gate and is not intimidated by me.

Zaresh his wife, and all his friends, said to him: Let them set up a gallows, fifty cubits high. In the morning say to the king ‘Let them hang 4 Mordecai on it’; and go in to the banquet, with the king, rejoicing. This advice 5 greatly pleased Haman, and he set up the gallows.

‘them to bring’: lit. ‘they brought’. ‘no-one other than me before the king’: lit. ‘no man Esther has brought in with the king except me’. 3 ‘not at all’: lit. ‘at any hour’. 4 ‘hang’: lit. ‘give’. So too Esther 6:4. 5 ‘advice’: lit. ‘word’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܝــܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܬܗ‪ .‬ܘܫــܕܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܦܝــܪ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ܠ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫ܚܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫�ܙ ܶܪܫ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ܕ ܽܥـ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܬܥܺــܝ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܓܐܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܘܕܐܘܪ ݂ ܶܒـܗ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ܐ ܳܝܩـ ܳ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ـܘܬܪܗ‪ :‬ܘܣـ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܡܗ ܥܰܠ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܟܠ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܩ ܶ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܐܢ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ .‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܚܪ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܗܡܢ‪ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ� �̱ܢܫ ܐܥܠ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܰܡܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶـܙ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܶܠـܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ � ܳܫ ܶܘܐ ܺܠܝ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳ� ܳܙ ܰܐܥ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܰܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܥܒـ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܗ‬ ‫ܚܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܥܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܦـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܳܛ ݂ܒ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 





   

 



Chapter 

So on the third day Esther clothed herself in royal robes, 1 and stood in the inner court of the king’s house, in front of the king’s house. The king was sitting on the royal throne, in front of the gate of the house.

When the king saw Queen Esther standing in the court, she was received favorably before him. The king stretched out to Esther the golden staff which (he held) in his hand. Esther approached, and took hold of the tip of the golden staff. The king said to her: What is it, Queen Esther? Whatever is your request, 2 up to half my kingdom, shall be given to you.

Esther said: If it pleases the king, may he come, and Haman, to the banquet which I have prepared for him. The king said: Immediately, (go and) see Haman, so that he may do as Esther says. The king came, and Haman, to the banquet.

The king said to Esther, while drinking the wine: 3 What do you ask? 4 It shall be given to you. What is your request? Up to half the kingdom, it will be given to you. Esther answered and said: My request, my petition —

If I have found favor in your eyes, O king, and if it pleases you, O king, to grant my request, to accept 5 my petition — may the king come, and Haman, to the banquet which I shall prepare for them tomorrow, according to the word of the king.

Haman went out that day, rejoicing, glad at heart. When Haman saw Mordecai sitting in the king’s gate, not rising, not intimidated 6 by him, Haman was filled with rage against Mordecai.

‘royal robes’: lit. ‘clothing of the kingdom’. So too e.g. Esther 6:8. ‘request’: lit. ‘petition’. So too Esther 5:6. 3 ‘while drinking the wine’: lit. ‘at the banquet of wine’. 4 ‘do you ask’: lit. ‘is your question’. 5 ‘accept’: lit. ‘do for me’. 6 ‘intimidated’: lit. ‘moved’. So too Esther 5:13. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܬ�ܐ ܠ ݂ܒܫ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܒـ ݂ ܳܕ ݁ܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܠ ݂ܒܘܫـܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܽ :‬ܠ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫݂ܰܓ ܳܘ ݁ܝܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ .‬ܘܡ�ܟـܐ ܝ ݂‬ ‫ـܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܒܠ ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܪܣܝܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـܐ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܚـܙ ܐ ܡ�ܟـܐ �‬ ‫ܣـܕ ܐ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܺ‬ ‫ܐܘܫܛ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝـܕܗ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܩ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܒـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܒ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܳ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܶܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܳ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܡـܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫ܠܓ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܶ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪ܶ :‬ܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܐܬܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܘ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ܦܝـܪ ܺܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܓܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܐ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡـܢ‪ :‬ܢܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕܐܡـܪ ܐ ܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܬܶ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ �ܣܬܝܪ ܒܡܫܬ�ܐ ܕܚܡܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܡܢܐ ܫ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܠ ܺ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݂݁ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ܦܠܓ ̇ܗ ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀‪ܶ :‬ܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܢ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܢ ܥܠ ܰ ݁ܝܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐܢ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܠ ܺܠܝ‬ ‫ܐܠ ݂ܬܝ‪ :‬ܘܬܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܐܬܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܘ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܥܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܠـܝ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ـܘܬ ̱ܝ‪ܺ :‬ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܡܚܪ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦ ـܩ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ـܕ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܺܨܝــܚ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒ ـܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܳ :‬ܚـ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ـ ̱ܗܝ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܳܩـܡ ܘ� ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܙܝـܥ ܶܡܢܶـܗ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬܡܠـܝ‬ ‫ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗ ܡܢ ܚ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

  

  

VII

 



So Hathan went in, and spoke to Esther as Mordecai had said. 1

Esther spoke to Hathan and instructed him (to go) to Mordecai and say:

All the king’s servants know that any man or woman who enters, before the king, in the inner court, (whose presence) has not been 2 commanded — this is the sign of one who comes to be killed — except the one to whom the king stretches out the golden staff: he will live. And see! 3 I have not been called to enter, before the king for three days. They told Mordecai what Esther had said.

Mordecai said: Say to Esther ‘Do not believe 4 that, when you are in the king’s house, you (alone) of all the Jews will escape.

If you remain silent at this time, there will be relief and salvation for the Jews from another source; 5 but you, and your father’s house, you will perish — and who knows, perhaps it is in anticipation 6 of this time that you were called, brought to royal estate? 7 Esther said: Say to Mordecai —

‘Go, gather all the Jews in Shushan the capital, and fast on my behalf. Do not eat, do not drink, for three days, night and day; I and my maidens will fast in the same way. Then I shall enter before the king, though it be not according to 8 the law, and I shall have done all I can. 9 So Mordecai went, and did all that Esther had instructed 10 him.

‘as Mordecai had said’: lit. ‘Mordecai’s words’. See too Esther 4:12 ‘(whose presence) has not been’: lit. ‘one who was not’. 3 ‘And see!’: lit. ‘Behold’. 4 ‘believe’: lit. ‘think in your soul’. 5 ‘source’: lit. ‘place’. 6 ‘perhaps it is in anticipation’: lit. ‘if because’. 7 ‘royal estate’: lit. ‘kingdom’. 8 ‘though it be not according to’: lit. ‘not by the law’. 9 ‘and I shall have done all I can’: lit. ‘However, I did, I did’. See Addendum 2. 10 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘sent’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܨܚ ܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܗ ݂ܬܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ �‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܐܘ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐܠ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ‪ܳ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬܩܛܠـܘ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫�ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܡܢ ܕܡـܘܫܛ ܠـܗ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܫ ݂ܒܛـܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒـܐ ܘܚܝـܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܢـܐ � ܐ ݂ܬܩܪ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܰܠ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳܗܐ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܺܘܝ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܡ�ܝܗ ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ‪݂ �ܳ .‬ܬܶ ݁‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ‪ :‬ܐܡـܪ �ـܗ �‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܣܒ ܺܪܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܛܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܐ‪ܶ.‬‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ܬܦ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ�ܶܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܕܘ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܩ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ܺܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܐܢ ܬܫܬܩܝܢ ܒܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ܗܢ ܳܐ‪ :‬ܪܘ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܐܢ̱ـܬ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܘܡܢـܘ ܝ ݂ـܕܥ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܡܛـܠ ܗܢـܐ ܙ ݂ܒܢـܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܪ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ܰܪ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܠܡ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܙܶܠ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܪܬܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܨܘܡـ ̱ܘ ܥܠܰـܝ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܐܝـܬ ܒܫـܘܫܢ ܒ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܺܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝــܐ ܺܘ ܳ‬ ‫ــܬܐ ܰܝــ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ܺܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡــܐ‪ܳ .‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܐ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠــܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬܫــܬܘܢ ܬܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ܕ� ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡـܘܣ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܩـܕܡ ܡ‬ ‫ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܐܨܘܡ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ‪ .‬ܗ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܐ ܽܥܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܫ�ܚ ݂ܬ ܠܗ ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 



 





 



Chapter 

Mordecai knew all that had been done. Mordecai tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, sprinkled his head 1 with ashes, and went out lamenting into the middle of the city — a loud and bitter lament. He came to the palace gate: but no man clothed in sackcloth was permitted to come 2 to the palace gate. In every province, when the king’s word came, there was deep mourning among the Jews, a fast, weeping, lamentation, 3 sackcloth and ashes; it laid many low.

Esther’s eunuchs went in and told her. The queen was deeply distressed; she sent clothes to clothe Mordecai, in place of the sackcloth, 4 but he would not comply. 5 Esther called Hathan the eunuch, one of the king’s eunuchs. He stood before her; she ordered him (to go) to Mordecai, that she would know what was the trouble, what it was about. 6

Hathan went out to Mordecai, to the city market place, 7 in front of the king’s gate. Mordecai told him everything that had happened to him, and (gave) an account of the money which Haman had said should be paid into the treasury for the destruction of the Jews,

And he gave him a copy (of the decree) which had been issued in Shushan the capital, so that he could tell Esther, and could instruct her to seek audience of 8 the king, plead with him, and make supplication on behalf of the people.

‘his head’: lit. ‘himself’. ‘no man clothed in sackcloth was permitted to come’: lit. ‘there was no law that a man clothed in sackcloth should come’. 3 ‘lamentation’: different Syriac root from ‘lamenting … lament’ in Esther 4:1. 4 ‘in place of’ the sackcloth: lit. ‘and to strip the sackcloth from him’. 5 ‘comply’: lit. ‘receive’. 6 ‘what was the trouble, what it was about’: lit. ‘what is this and about what’. 7 ‘market place’ or ‘streets’. 8 ‘seek audience of’: lit. ‘go into’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܕ‪.‬‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܨ ܺܪܝ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ݂ ܶܒـܢ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܰܫ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܣ ܳܩܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܦܝܠ ݁ܒ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܛܡܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܰܡܝܠܠ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܝܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܪ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ݂ܕܐ̱ܢܫ ܢ�ܒܫ ܣܩܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܐܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ� ݁ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܺܛܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ݂ܒـ ܳ� ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܺܠ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳܩܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܩܕ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܡ� ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛܡܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܨܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ݁݁ܺ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ ̇ ݁ܺ ܳ ̇ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܝ ̇‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ̱ܘ ܡܗܝܡܢܝܗ ܕܝ�ܗ ܕ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܛـ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܡ‬ ‫ـܘܗ‪ .‬ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ـܘܬܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݁ـܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ ̈ܡܐܢܶــܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡـ ݁‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳ� ܽܚــܘ ܰܣ ܳܩــܐ ܶܡܢܶــܗ‪ .‬ܘ�‬ ‫�ܒ ܽܫـ ݂‬ ‫ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܩـܐܶܡ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܶܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶܗ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܥ ݁ܕܡܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ܡܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܰܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ ݂ :‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܠܫܘܩܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܘܫܒ ܳܢܐ ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܶܠܗ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܘܝܶܗ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ ܳ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܥܠܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܕ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܐ ݂ܕܣܝܡ ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ ܝ ̱ܗܒܗ ܠـܗ‪ :‬ܕܢܚـܘܐ �‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ܬ ܽܥܘܠ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܒܥ ܶܐ ܶܡܢܶܗ‪݂ :‬ܘܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܫ ݂ܦ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 



The couriers left hurriedly, as the king commanded. The command was given in the palace in Shushan, 1 the king and Haman sat at table 2 together to drink — and the city of Shushan was troubled.

1 2

‘Shushan’: lit. ‘Shushan the capital’. ‘sat at table’: lit. ‘reclined at a banquet’.



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣܪܗ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ـܕ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‬ ‫݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫ܚـܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܣܬ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܠܡܫـܬܐ ܐ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬܓ ܰܫ ݂ܬ‪݀.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 





  





Haman said to King Ahasuerus: There is a people dispersed, spread throughout the provinces of King Ahasuerus; their customs 1 differ 2 from all other people’s and they do not obey the king’s law. It is not fitting for the king to allow them to remain. 3 If it please the king, let it be written that they should be destroyed; 4 and I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who do the deed, to deposit in the king’s treasury. The king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews.

The king said: Your silver is given to you and the people. Do to him everything you wish.

The king’s scribe was called that day, in the first month, on the thirteenth of the month. Everything which Haman had ordered was written, for the commander(s) of the king’s armies, for the lords in every province, 5 and for the noblemen 6 — (for each) province in its own script, (for each) people in its own language. 7 It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus, sealed with the king’s signet ring. Letters were sent by courier 8 to all the king’s provinces (instructing them) to devastate, to kill, to destroy all the Jews, young and old, 9 children and women, on the one day, the thirteenth of the month of Adar, their goods (to be taken) as plunder — on the one day, in the month of Adar, on the thirteenth — (so) it was written. A copy of the decree was given to every province; 10 it commanded all the peoples to be prepared for that day.

‘customs’ or ‘laws’. ‘differ’: lit. ‘are separate from’. 3 ‘allow them to remain’: lit. ‘leave them’. 4 ‘be destroyed’: lit. ‘perish’. 5 ‘every province’: lit. ‘in all province and province’. See too Esther 3:14. 6 ‘noblemen of the people’. 7 ‘in its own script … in its own language’: lit. ‘like its writing … like its tongue’. 8 ‘by courier’: lit. ‘by the hand of couriers’. 9 ‘young and old’: lit. ‘from young men to old men’. 10 ‘province’: lit. ‘province and province’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܘܡ ݂ ܰܒـ ܰܙܩ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡــܪ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ܠܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـ‬ ‫ـܪܫ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ܳ .‬ܢ ܽܡ ̈ܘ ܰܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫܝܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܥܰܡ‪ܳ .‬ܘܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܦ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܣـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ � ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܠܡ ݁‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ � ܘ� ݂ܕܢ ݁‬ ‫ܫܒܘܩ ܐܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ܟـ ܶ� ܐ ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܠܓ ܳܙ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘܠ ܥܰܠ ܺܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܥܠܽܘ ݂ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܕܗ‪ .‬ܘܝܰـ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܺܐ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܰܗ ܰܡـ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ܡ�ܟܐ �ܙ ݂‬ ‫݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ�ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܟ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦ ݂ܟ ܝܺ ܺܗܝ ݂ܒ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܡ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܪܝ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܶܒـܗ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ �ܪܒ ܚ�� ݂ܕܡ�ܟـܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܒܝ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ�ܥܰܡܐܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܐ ܘ ݂‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܠ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܝ ܶܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪݂ :‬‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢܶܗ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܶܫܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܬܡ ܒ�ܙ ݂‬ ‫ܝܪܫ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܚـ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ـܬ݁ ܰܕ � ̱ܝ ܶܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ـܕ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛــܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܐܫـ‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܠܡܩܛܠ ܘܠܡܘܒ ݂ܕܘ ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܡܢ ܥ�ܝܡܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠܣ ݂ܒـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛ�ܝܐ ܘܢܫܐ ݂ܒܚ ݂ܕ ܝܘܡ ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬܥܣـ� ܐ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ܰܣ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܽ ݁ܺ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪܚ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܚ ݂ܕ ܝܘܡ‪ :‬ܒ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܐ ݂ܬܝـ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂ܘܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܗ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪݁ .‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܡܛܝ ݂ܒܐ ܰ‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 





 

 



Chapter 

After these matters, King Ahasuerus honored Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and set his seat above all the noblemen who were with him. 1

All the king’s servants in the palace gate bowed and made obeisance to Haman, for so the king had commanded concerning him — but Mordecai did not bow and make obeisance. The king’s servants in the palace gate said to Mordecai: Why do you not comply with 2 the king’s commandment? So when they spoke every day, and he did not obey them; they told Haman, to know whether Mordecai’s words would stand, 3 for he had told them that he was a Jew. Haman saw that Mordecai did not bow and make obeisance to him; Haman was filled with anger against Mordecai.

But the deed would be incomplete, 4 if he should lay hands on Mordecai only, for they had implicated 5 Mordecai’s people: Haman sought to destroy all the Jews throughout Ahasuerus’ kingdom — Mordecai’s people. In the first month, which is Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast lots; the lots (were cast) in Haman’s presence from day to day, from month to month: 6 (the lot fell on) the twelfth month, which is Adar.

‘who were with him’ or ‘of his people’. ‘not comply with’: lit. ‘transgress’. 3 ‘would stand’: lit. were firm’. 4 ‘incomplete’: lit. ‘imperfect’. 5 ‘implicated’: it. ‘made known to him’. 6 ‘presence, day by day and month by month’: lit. from day to day and from month to month’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܓ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܪܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܰܗ ܰܡـ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝܗ �ܥܠ ܶܡܢ ݁ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ݁ܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܪܘܪ ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣܓ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܟܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܶܓ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܽܝــܘܡ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܳܫ ܰܡـܥ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܺܘܝــܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ܳܡــܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܶܐܢ ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳ�ܢ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܰ�ܐ ̱ܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒـ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܡـܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܶܓـ ݂ܕ ܶܠـܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܡܠـܝ ܗܡـܢ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܚ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܺܨ ܳܝܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ݁ܝܕ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܛ ܺܐ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܕܗ ܥܰܠ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ـܘܕ ̱‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽ ̱ܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܘܝ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܺ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܡܝ ݂ ܶܦـ ̈ܨ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܝܪܚܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܐ ݂ܕܗܘ ܢܝܣܢ‪ :‬ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܬ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܝـܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝـܘܡ‪ :‬ܘܡـܢ ܺ�ـܪܚ ܠܝـܪܚ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܨܶ ܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 

 

This matter was revealed to Mordecai; he revealed it to Queen Esther, and Esther told 1 the king, mentioning Mordecai by name.

The matter was investigated and found (to be true). The two of them were crucified on crosses, and this affair was written in the Book of Chronicles. 2

1 2

‘told … told’: lit. ‘was revealed … revealed’. ‘Chronicles’: lit. ‘the reigns of the days of the kings’.



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ܠܡـܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܓ�ـܗ �‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܓ�ܝ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂‬ ‫݁ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܶܫܡ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ݂ܟ ܰܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܙܕ ܶܩ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܺܙܩ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܦܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟـ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܐܬܥܩܒ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܫܪܒܐ ܗܢܐ ݂ܒܣ ݂ܦܪ ܡ�ܟܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 









 



When the time came for Esther, daughter of Abihail uncle of Mordecai who had taken her (as) his daughter, to enter the presence of the king, she asked for nothing other than that which Hegai, the eunuch in charge of the women, had instructed. Esther was approved by 1 all who saw her.

So Esther entered the presence of King Ahasuerus, in the king’s house, in the tenth month (that is Later Conun) in the fourth year of his reign. The king preferred Esther to any of the women, he favored her above any of the virgins. 2 The royal crown was placed 3 on her head and she became queen, instead of Vashti.

The king gave a great banquet for his noblemen, and he gave a banquet for Esther; he declared a holiday 4 in the provinces, and gave gifts worthy of 5 the hand of a king. When the virgins were assembled for the second time, Mordecai was sitting in the palace gate. 6

Esther had not told her family (name) or (the name of) her people, as Mordecai had instructed 7 her: Esther obeyed Mordecai’s order, for she trusted him. 8 At that time, 9 Mordecai was sitting in the palace gate. Bagthan and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs in charge of the gate were angry and sought to lay hands on 10 King Ahasuerus.

‘was approved by’: lit. ‘received favor in the eyes of’. See too Esther 2:17. ‘preferred Esther to any of the women, he favored her above any of the virgins’: lit. ‘delighted in (or ‘desired’) Esther better than all the women, she received favor from him more than all the virgins’. See also the second note on Esther 2:9. 3 ‘… was placed’: lit. ‘She received’. 4 ‘declared a holiday’: lit. ‘made rest’. 5 ‘worthy of’: lit. ‘as’. 6 ‘palace gate’: lit. ‘king’s gate’. Soo too passim. 7 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘commanded’. So passim. 8 ‘for she trusted’: lit. ‘as she was in faithfulness with him’. 9 ‘At that time’: lit. ‘In those days’. 10 ‘lay hands on’: lit. ‘stretch out hands to’. See too Esther 3:6, 6:2, 9:2. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝܪ ݁ ܰܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܚܠ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܣܒ ̇ܗ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܡܛܐ ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܐ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܳ� ݂ܒ ܳܥ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܡܥܰܠ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ܳܢܛـܪ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ݂ܺܓܝ ܡܗ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܳܫܩ� ܶܚ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܕ ܐ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܚ ܳܙ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܫܐ‪ .‬ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܽܗܘ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܶܫ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ ܳܟ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ̱ܚܪܝ‪݁ :‬ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ݁ܪܒܥ ܠܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ ܳܛـ ݂ܒ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫـܐ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܡܗ ܡ�ܟܐ �‬ ‫ܣـܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܪ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܳܓـܐ ݂ܕܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܫ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ�ܗܝـܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܩ ݁ܒܠ ݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݀ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܡ� ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ܚܠ ݂ܦ ܘܫܬܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܡܫܬ�ܐ �‬ ‫ܘ�ܒ ܰܢ ̱ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܰܡܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܝܚܐ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܺ̈ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܡ ݂ܬܟܢܫـܢ ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܬܝـܢ ܙ ݂ܒ�ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܡـܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܝ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܦـ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܕ ̇ܗ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܘܥܰ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ‬ ‫ܘ� ܡܚܘ�ܐ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܫܪܒـ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ݁ ܳ ݂ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܕܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܥ ݂ܒܕ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܗܘ ݂ܬ ܒܗܝܡܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ܥܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܪܓـܙ �ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܓـ ݂ܬܢ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܢܛ�ܝ ܬܪܥـܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒܥـܘ ܠܡܘܫܛـܘ ܐܝ ݂ܕ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܪܫ‪݁ :‬ܬܪ ܰܝܢ ܡܗܝܡܢ ̱‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 



  VI







The maiden seemed beautiful to him, 1 and he favored her. 2 He hastened to give her her adornments, her allowance of food, and seven righteous maidens from the king’s household. She and her maidens were kept well away from the women. Esther did not declare her name or her family, for Mordecai had told 3 her that she should not. 4 Every day, Mordecai walked past the women’s court, to see how Esther was, 5 what was happening 6 to her.

When the time came for one of the maidens to enter the presence of King Ahasuerus, when she had completed the twelve days 7 prescribed for the preparation of women, 8 for thus were the days of their adornment completed — six days of (anointing with) ointment of myrrh, and six days of incense, and of women’s adornment, Thus the maiden enters the king’s presence; everything that she wants is given to her to take 9 with her, from the women’s house into the king’s house.

She goes in in the evening, and in the morning returns to the women’s house, taken by Shangashgashir the king’s eunuch in charge of the concubines. She does not again enter the presence of the king unless he desires her and calls (for) her by her name.

‘seemed beautiful to him’: lit. ‘was fair in his eyes’. ‘he favored her’: lit. ‘she received favor before him’. 3 ‘told’: lit. ‘commanded’. 4 ‘she should not’: lit. ‘she should not declare’. 5 ‘see how Esther was’: lit. ‘to know the matter of Esther’. 6 ‘happening’: lit. ‘being done’. 7 ‘she had completed the twelve days’: lit. ‘when the twelve days were completed for her’. 8 ‘prescribed for the preparation of women’: lit. ‘according to the custom of women’. 9 ‘take’: lit. ‘enter’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܣـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫ܣـܕ ܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܗ ݂ܒ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܰܘܫ ݂ܦܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܝܡܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܳ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ ܘܥܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬܠ � ̇‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܝ ̈ܩـܢ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ :‬ܘܠܫ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܬܨܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܡ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ ܛـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ � ̇ܗ ܘܠܥ�ܝܡ ݂‬ ‫̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܠܡܬܠ � ̇ܗ ܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘ� ܚܘܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܩـܕ ̇ܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕ�‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ܫܡـܗ ܘܫܪܒـ ݂‬ ‫݂ܬ ܰܚ ܶܘܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܣܬܝـܪ‪:‬‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪ :‬ܠܡܕܥ ܫܪܒܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܰــܠ ܩـ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܶܛــܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕܚـ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‬ ‫ـܕ ܐ ܶܡــܢ ܥ�ܝܡـ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܣـܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܫܠܡ ̱ܘ ܰ�ܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫݁ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܡܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪ .‬ܫܬܐ ܝـܘܡܝܢ ܕܡܫܚـܐ ݂ܕܡـܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܨܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܘܡܝܢ ܕ ݂ܒܣܡܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܨܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܰܳ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܬܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܡـܕܡ ܕܐܡـܪ ܐ ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܥܐ� ܥܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܡ�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܥܰܠ ܥܡܗ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܢܫܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܓ ܺܫܝـܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܓ ݁‬ ‫ܒܪ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܳܥܐ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܐ� ܐܢ ܨ ݂ܒܐ ܒ ̇ܗ ܡ�ܟܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܢܛܪ ܕ�ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܥܐ� ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 



 

 







Chapter 

After these things, 1 when the anger of King Ahasuerus was appeased, 2 he remembered Queen Vashti, everything that she had done, and everything that he had decreed concerning her. The king’s young men and servants said to him: Let them seek beautiful maidens for the king.

Let the king command, throughout the provinces: they should assemble all the maidens, the virgins who are fair to behold. (They should assemble) in the women’s house, with Hegai the eunuch who is in charge of the women; he will give (them) their cosmetics. 3

The maiden who seemed fair to the king would be queen in Vashti’s place. This suggestion 4 pleased the king, and he did so. There was a man, a Jew, in Shushan the capital. His name was Mordecai, son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin.

He had been exiled 5 from Jerusalem with the exiles who had been exiled with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had exiled.

He had raised Hadessah, 6 that is Esther, his uncle’s daughter, for she had neither father nor mother. The maiden was beautiful to behold, her face was fair. When her father and her mother died, Mordecai took her as (his) daughter.

When the king’s word, his edict, was heard, when the many virgins were assembled in Shushan the capital, with Hegai the eunuch, Esther too was led to the king’s household, 7 to the person in charge 8 of the women. ‘things’: lit. ‘words’. So passim. ‘was appeased’: lit. ‘was at rest’. 3 ‘cosmetics’ or ‘adornments/ointment/toilet necessities’. 4 ‘suggestion’: same Syriac word as that for ‘word’ in Esther 1:17. 5 ‘been exiled’: lit. ‘gone into exile’. 6 ‘Hadassah’: Syriac ‘Heds’. 7 ‘household’ or ‘house’. So passim. 8 ‘person in charge’: lit. ‘keeper’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܪܫ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟـ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܡـܬܗ ܕܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫ‬ ‫ـܬ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܡ� ܗܠܝܢ‪ :‬ܟـ ݂ܕ ܐܬܬ�ܝܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ݁ܕܥ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܰܣـܩ‬ ‫ܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫�ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟ ـܐ ܰܘ ܰ ̈‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ــܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ــܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܒ ܽܥــܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟــܐ‬ ‫ܡܫܡ ܳܫ ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܠــܗ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܶܚܙ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ�ܝܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ــܘܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫــܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܟــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܽ‬ ‫ــܬܐ‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ܥ�ܝܡ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢــ ݂‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܩ ݂‬ ‫ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܶܚܙ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ܳܢܛܪ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ݂ܺܓܝ ܡܗ‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܝܬܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܬܠ ܬܨܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܬܐ ݂ܕܬܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܦܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܡܠ ݂ܟ ܚܠـ ݂ܦ ܘ‬ ‫ܫـܬܝ‪ .‬ܘܫ ݂ܦـܪ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘܥܠ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ܽܡ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ ܰ�ܐܝـܪ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒـܪ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܘܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܳ�ܐ ܐ ݂‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܫܡܥܺܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܪ ܺܩܝܫ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܡ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܓܠܝ ܡܢ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪ :‬ܥܡ ݁ܓܠ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܓܠܺܝ ܳܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬܝܪ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݁ ܶܒܐ ܰܠ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܒܐ‬ ‫ܗܕܣ ݁ܕ ܺܗܝ ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܬܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗ‪ܺ ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܐ‪ .‬ܘܥܠ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܦܝܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܽܩـܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܠ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܺܡ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ݂ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ ܘܐܡ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܢܣܒ ̇ܗ ܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܒ ݂ܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܡܥ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦـ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܟܢܫـܢ ܳ ܒ ݂ܶ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܺ̈ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܪܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܡܗ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ܺܓـܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬܝـܪ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܓܝܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠܫـܘܫܢ ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪� :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܢܛܪ ܢܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 





 

If it seems good to the king, a royal edict 1 should go forth from his presence: let it be written in the law of Media and Persia, never to be forgotten, 2 that not again shall Queen Vashti enter the presence of King Ahasuerus, and that the king shall give her royal estate to her companion, who is better than she.

The word of the king shall be heard! It shall pass throughout the kingdom, for it is of great importance, and all women will do honor to their men, high and low alike. 3 The word seemed good to the king and to his noblemen; the king did as Meaochen had suggested.

He sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to (each) province in its (own) script, 4 to (each) nation in its (own) tongue: 5 every man should bear rule in his house, and this should be spoken in the language of his people.

‘royal edict’: lit. ‘word of the kingdom’ (same Syriac word for ‘word’ as in Esther 1:18). 2 ‘to be forgotten’: lit. ‘to pass away’. 3 ‘high and low alike’: lit. ‘from the great and to the little’. 4 ‘script’: lit. ‘writing’. 5 ‘nation … tongue’ or ‘people … language’. 1



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐܢ ܥܰــܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡــܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‬ ‫�ܟ ـܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝــܪ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦ ـܘܩ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡـܘܣ ܳܡ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܫـܬܝ‬ ‫ـܕܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܦـ ܶܪܣ ݁ܕ� ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ܽܥـܘܠ ܘ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܬܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܬܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݁‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܚܫܝܪܫ‪ .‬ܘܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܢـܬܠ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ ݂ܪܬ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܺ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܫܬܡܥ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܥܒܪ ܒ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ܡ‬ ‫ܙܥܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܶ ̈ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܢܫܐ ܢ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܐܝܩܪ ܐ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܟ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܡ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘ�ܒ ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫ܰܘܫ ݂ܦܪ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥܘ ݂ ܳܟܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ�ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢܶܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰܫܠܺܝـܛ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒ ݁‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡܠـܠ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 













The king spoke to the wise men, of the families who advised him on political problems 1 — for thus was his custom, to speak in the presence of all who knew the laws 2 and the judgments —

And to those close to him: Barnashai, Shethar, Armuth, Mos, Tarshish, Marsya, and Meaochan, the seven noblemen of Persia and Medea who had audience with 3 the king, with whom he discussed matters of state. 4 They said: What should be done 5 to her, to Queen Vashti, for she did not obey the word of King Ahasuerus which he sent to her by the hand of the eunuchs? Meaochen said, before the king, before the noblemen: It was not only the king whom Queen Vashti has scorned, but also all the noblemen, all the people in all the provinces 6 of King Ahasuerus.

When the news, the word of this, 7 gets out to all the women, they will despise and scorn their men; 8 they will say that King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to enter his presence — but she did not enter in.

Now 9 they will say, the noblemen of Persia and Medea, who heard the word 10 of the queen from all the king’s noblemen, and all the scorn and anger,

1 ‘of the families who advised him on political problems’: lit. ‘the sons of those who know the times’. 2 ‘custom … laws’: same Syriac word as ‘ordinance’ in Esther 1:8. 3 ‘had audience with’: lit. ‘sat before’. 4 ‘with whom he discussed matters of state’: lit. ‘appeared before him in the gate of the kingdom’. 5 ‘should be done’: lit. ‘is proper to do’. 6 ‘provinces’ or ‘cities/towns’. So too Esther 1:22. 7 ‘word of this’: lit. ‘this word’. 8 ‘they will despise and scorn their men’: lit. ‘their men will be despised and scorned in their eyes’. 9 ‘Now’: lit. ‘Today’. 10 ‘word’: different Syriac word from that for ‘word’ in Esther 1:17.



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܰ ݁ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܰ̈ ܳ ̈ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣܗ ܐ ܰܡܪ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܠܚܟܝܡܐ ݂ܒܢܝ ܝ ݂ܕܥܝ ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ̱ܗܘ ܢܡ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܫܬܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܫܝـܫ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܪܣ ܳܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕܩܪܝ ݂ܒܝܢ ܠܗ܆ ܒܪܢܫܝ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܡܘܣ‪݂ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܡ ܽܥܘ ݂ ܳܟܢ‪ܰ :‬ܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܪܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܶܪܣ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡ ݂ ܰܕܝ‪݁ .‬ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܚܙܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܳ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ـܬܝ‪ :‬ܥܰــܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡــܪ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܕܡܢــܐ ܘ� ܠܡܥܒـ ݂ܕ �ــܗ ܠܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܫـ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܫܠܰܚ ݁ ܺܒ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ�ܒܢܶܐ‪̱ �ܳ :‬ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܟܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܕ‬ ‫�ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ� ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܣـܪ ݂ܬ ܘܫـܬܝ ܡ�ܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ̈ܗܘܝܳـܢ ܳܫ ̈ܝ�ـܢ ܘ ݂ ܳܒܣـ ܳ�ܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܛܒܐ ܘܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳـܢ ܳܐܡـ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܥܠـܘ‬ ‫ܝـܪܫ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܝܘܡܢܐ ܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܪܣ ܘ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝ ܕܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܗ ܕܡ‬ ‫ܺ ܽ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܓ ܳܙ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ݁ܒܣܝܪ ݂ܘܬܐ ܘܪ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther Ch. 



 

 





The curtains (were drawn with cords of) 1 purple cotton; 2 (they were) attached 3 with cords of fine white linen, of violet, on silver rings and on a column of acacia wood. (There were) couches of gold and of silver set out upon marble pavements, on carpets of fine white linen and of silk. Drink was served 4 in golden vessels of various designs; 5 the king’s wine flowed freely 6 as (befitted) the hand of a king. The great banquet 7 was according to an ordinance that (there should be) no compulsion, for so the king had commanded to all of standing 8 in his house: they should do as each wished. 9 Queen Vashti too made a banquet for all the women in the royal house of King Ahasuerus.

On the seventh day, when the king was merry 10 with wine, he told the eunuchs, Beztha, Rahbona, Begtha, Ebugta, Tarash, Zathar, and Carcash, the seven eunuchs who served in the presence of King Ahasuerus, To bring Queen Vashti in, before the king, wearing her royal crown, to show her beauty to the people and the noblemen: for she was fair to behold. 11

But Queen Vashti did not want to enter, according to the order which the king had sent to her by the hand of the eunuchs. The king was furious, his anger burned within him. 12

‘curtains (were drawn with) cords of’: lit. ‘curtains were drawn’. ‘fine … cotton’: lit. ‘cotton wool’. 3 ‘attached’: lit. ‘stretched out’. 4 ‘Drink was served’: lit. ‘They were given to drink’. 5 ‘of various designs’: lit. ‘vessels from vessels were different’. 6 ‘king’s wine flowed freely’: lit. ‘wine of the kingdom was abundant’. 7 ‘banquet’ or ‘drinking/consumption of alcohol’. 8 ‘of standing’: lit. ‘who were great’. 9 ‘as each man wished’: lit. ‘the wishes of each man’. 10 ‘the king was merry’: lit. ‘the king’s heart was pleasant’. 11 ‘fair to behold’: lit. ‘beautiful was her appearance’. So too passim. 12 ‘burned within him’: lit. ‘was inflamed’. 1 2



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܺ̈ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬ ̈ܝ ܳܚـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ݂ ̈ܒـ ܶ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܕܐ ݁‬ ‫ܪܓ ܳܘ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܢܓ� ݂ܕܢ ܘܐ� ܶ ݂ܕܥܡܪ ܟܘܒܐ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܟܪܥܐ‪ .‬ܘܥܰ� ܳܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܦܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܽܡ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ� ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݁‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ܐܡـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܺܫ ܳܐܪ�ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܡܝܢ ܥܠ �ܨܝ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܫܝܫܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܬܫܘܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩܝܢ ݁ܒ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ܦ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫�ܟـܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܫܝـܢ‪ .‬ܘܚܡـܪ ܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܳܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܐܠܨ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫݁ ܰ݁ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܪܒ ܒ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܺܗܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܘܫܬܝ ܶ ܡ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܫܝܪܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܫ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫ ݂ ܰܦܪ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܬܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܰܟ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܰܪܫ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܟܫ‪ܰ .‬ܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܓ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܒܘ ݂ܓܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܰܐܚ ܺܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܡ ܰ ̈ܗܝܡܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܘ ܽܝـܘ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܥܠܘ �ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫�ܟܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܘ� ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܰܠ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܕܪ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫�ܟـܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܨܒܬ ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ݂ ݂ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݂ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙ� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ‪݀.‬‬ ‫ܡܬܗ ܡ ݂ܬܓ‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܪܓܙ ܡ�ܟܐ ܛ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܐܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕܡܗܝܡܢܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Esther

V



 





Chapter  It happened, in the days of this Ahasuerus, the son of the Ahasuerus who ruled from Hodh as far as Cush, over one hundred and twenty provinces.

In those days, while king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in the palace in Shushan, 1 In the third year of his reign, he made a great banquet for all his noblemen and his servants. A host of Persians, Medes, and Parthians, and his own noblemen, 2 were present, 3 and the noblemen of the provinces, While he displayed 4 the wealth and the glory of his kingdom, the glory, the magnificence of his grandeur (for) many days, one hundred and eighty days.

When those days came to an end, 5 the king made a banquet for all the people present 6 in the palace in Shushan, from the most humble to the greatest. The banquet (lasted for) seven days, in the court of the garden of a royal pavilion. 7

‘palace in Shushan’ or ‘Shushan the palace’. ‘Shushan’ was once the capital of the province of Elam. See too Esther 2:5,8. 2 ‘his own noblemen’: lit. ‘the noblemen of the king’. 3 ‘present’: lit. ‘before him/in his presence’. So passim. 4 ‘displayed’: lit. ‘made known’. 5 ‘came to an end’: lit. ‘were completed’. 6 ‘present’: lit. ‘were found’. 7 ‘pavilion’: lit. ‘small house’. So passim. 1



‫ܐܣܬܝܪ‬

‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ‬ ‫ܰܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܗ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫ܐܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ ܰܗܘ ݁ܒ ܶܪܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܫ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐܡܠ ݂ܶܟ ܶܡܢ ܽܗ ݂ܘܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܘ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥܶܣ ܺܪܝܢ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܫ ܶ‬ ‫ــܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟــܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝــܪܫ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝــܐ‬ ‫ܒ�‬ ‫ــܘ ܳܡ ݂ ܶܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ‪ :‬ܟــ ݂ܕ ܝ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݁ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܬ ܳ�ــܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܠ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫�ܟـ ݂ܘܬܶܗ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ܬ ܳܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܫܢـ ݂‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢـ ̱‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ ̈ܕ�ܶܐ ܘ ܰܦ�ܬ ܳܘ�ܶܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟـܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܺ :‬ܚܝܠ ݁ܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝܐ ܳ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܺܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܫܒـ‬ ‫ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒـ ݂ܘܬܗ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܺܢܐܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ݂ ܰܟـܚ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܳ ܫܠܡ ̱ܘ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܪܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܺܒ ݁‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܥܕܡܐ �ܪ ݁ܒـܐ‪ :‬ܡܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܫ ݂ܒܥـܐ ܰܝـܘܡܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܒـ ݂ ܳܕܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓܢ ݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna



So Daniel rose to high honor. He was approved by all Susanna’s family and by all the assembly 1 of Israel. He dealt justly and righteously 2 with his people always; his name was praised 3 among all the people, with secret things and hidden things which were made known to him.

‘by all the assembly’: lit. in the eyes of all the assembly’. ‘dealt justly and righteously’: lit. ‘did justice and righteousness’. 3 ‘his name was praised’: lit. ‘the name of his praises was spoken’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܣܕ‬

‫ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ� ܶܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ :‬ܘܛܐ ݂ܒ ܩ ݂ ̣ܕܡ ܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ــܘܫܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܟ ܽܢ‬ ‫ــܘܬܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܶܡــܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܙܒــܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒــ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳܢــܐ ܘܙ ܕܝܩ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܡܠܰــܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܣܬܝ ـ� ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܒ ̈ܚ ـ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ‪ :‬ܥــܡ ܟܣܝ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̈ܩ ̱ܝ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna





  

Daniel said to him: Truly you have spoken wickedly before the Lord of this unlucky 1 woman; you wanted wickedly to shed innocent blood. For now your evil is upon your own head, as is written in the law of Moses. For see! An angel of God has been sent to oppose you, a sword seized in his hand, to behead you. He will destroy the two of you together. The whole crowd answered out loud, saying together: Praise be to God who has made known to all who have faith in his name. Daniel has confuted them: in iniquity they have dealt falsely 2 another. The whole crowd cried out aloud, in unison: Praise 3 God who reveals the hidden things, who gives to the innocent according to his innocence, who requites wickedness, who brings his wickedness to bear upon him. 4 The whole crowd rose up against them, and did to them according to the commandment of Moses. They killed them;

the Lord requited their evil as they deserved. 5 Innocent blood was saved that day.

But Halkana and his wife rejoiced in their daughter Susanna the wife of Joyakim, for no fault was found in her. All the people praised God, as did all Susanna’s family, for their name had been cleared. 6

‘unlucky’ or ‘frail’. ‘iniquity’ and ‘dealt falsely’: the same Syriac root. 3 ‘Praise’ or ‘They praised’. 4 ‘brings his wickedness to bear upon him’: lit. ‘gives his way on his head’. 5 ‘the Lord requited their evil as they deserved’: lit. ‘the Lord requited evil retribution as that which was equivalent’. 6 ‘their name had been cleared’: lit. ‘the evil name of fault was lifted from them’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܢܛ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܬ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܚܠ‬ ‫̣‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫ ݂ܟ ܳܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫�ܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ܠܡܐܫ ݂ܕ ܕܡܐ ܙ ܟܝܐ ݂ܒܥܘ�‪ .‬ܗܫܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ‪ܳ .‬ܗܐ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܰܠܚ ܥܠܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܐܝܕܗ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܨ ܶܪ ݂ܝܟ ܶܡܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܪܝـܫ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢـܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܚܝ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܟـܘܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ܕ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ̱ܘ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܽ .‬ܫ ݂ܘܒ ܳܚـܐ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܚـܝ‬ ‫ܘܥܢ ݂ܬ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܟܠ ݁ܕ ܰܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ܐܟܣ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ ݁ ܰܒܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܝܐ ݂ ܰܕܛܠܡ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܒܚـ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܣ ܘܩܥ ݂ܬ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫ـܗܐ ݂ܳܓـ� ݂ ܰܟܣ ̈ܝـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�ܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܝܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ܰܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ‪݂ .‬ܘܦ ܰܪܥ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ݁ܒܪ ܶ‬ ‫�� ܳܘ�‪ :‬ܘܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܟ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܣܐ ܘܩܡ ݂ܬ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܣܒ ܰܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܬܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ܶܘܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܝܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ �ܗܘܢ ܡܪ�ܐ ݂ܦܘܪ�ܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ̱ܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁‬ ‫ܣܓ ܶܚܠ ܰܩ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܺ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܚܕܝܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܬ ݂ ܰܟܚ‬ ‫ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܒܚـ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠـ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ܳܢــܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫݁ ܳܒـ ̇‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܗܐ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ�ــܗ ܫܪ ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܚ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܶܩܠ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ܫܡܐ ݂ ܺܒܝ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna











 

The crowd separated them, one from the other. He called to one of them and said to him: You are a man who has grown old in evil: 1 but now your sins have come home to you, those which you had done previously. You have given unjust judgments. 2 You have condemned the righteous. You have destroyed the lowly. You have not vindicated the innocent.

But now, tell me this, before this whole assembly: 3 Under which tree did you see this woman and the young man lying together? The elder said to him: Under the pistachio tree. Daniel said to him: Now know this — if indeed 4 you have lied it will be upon your head, 5 for the angel of God is ready to receive the commandment from God — to behead you. 6

After that he called to the other, his companion and said to him too: Seed of Canaan, not of Judah — the beauty of this woman has overcome you, lust for her has corrupted you. 7 You have acted thus to the daughters of Israel who have not consented to your evil desire despite their fear.

But, tell me, in the presence of this whole assembly: Under which tree did you see this woman and the young man lying together? He answered, he said, in the presence of the whole assembly: Under the pomegranate tree.

‘evil’: lit. ‘evil days’. ‘given unjust judgments’: lit. ‘judged judgments of injustice’. 3 ‘assembly’: same Syriac word as ‘crowd’. 4 ‘indeed: lit. ‘in truth’. 5 ‘it will be upon your head’: lit. ‘it comes up upon your head’: see too Susanna 59. 6 ‘behead you’ lit. ‘rend you asunder from head to head’. So too Susanna 59. 7 ‘corrupted you’: lit. ‘turned your heart’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܢܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܢܚ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶܽ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚـ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩـܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܶܠـܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܘܦܪܫ ݂ܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܟܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܬ ݁‬ ‫ܩܬ ݁ܒ ܰ�ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ܳܫـܐ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ܩܪ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܚܛ ܰܗܝ̈ـ ݁ܟ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ܝܬ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܙ ݂ܒܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ــܘܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܶܝ ݂ــܒ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫݁ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܐܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫ܝــܬ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝــܬ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ̈ܶــܐ ݂ܕܥܰــܘ ܳ�‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ݁ ܺܕܝ ̈ܶܩــܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝــܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܝܶܐ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܟܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܙ ݁ ܶܟܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘܝ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܐ‬ ‫ܗܫܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠ ̣ܝ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪݁ ܳ .‬ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫̣ܚ ܰܙܝ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܘ ݀ܰ‬ ‫ܡܟܝـܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܐܡـܪ ܠـܗ ܗܘ ܩ ܺܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݁‬ ‫ܣܬ ܳܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝـܠ‪ܳ .‬ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕܥ‪ܶ ݁ .‬ܕܐܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫ ݂ـܟ ܳܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܫـܪ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܓ ݁‬ ‫ܠـܬ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫�ܩـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܬ ݂ܝܕ ܽܗܘ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܟ‬ ‫ـܗܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܨܪ ݂‬ ‫݂ ̱ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܪܝܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫݂ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘ‪ܰ .‬ܙܪܥܶܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥـܢ ܘ�‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܟܢ ܩܪ ܐ ܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ‪ܽ :‬ܫ ݂ܘܦ ܰܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܪ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܕ� ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܳܕܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܥ ݂ܒܕܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒܢ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܕܚܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ܢ̈ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܐܝܢـܐ ܡـܢ ܐ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܟ�ـܗ ܒܢ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܺܠܝ ̣݂‬ ‫ـܘܫܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܟܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܥ ܳܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܚܙ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܟ ܽܢ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ܪܘ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܚ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna



      



He will see that these men have slandered me 1 — See! I shall die — though I have done nothing 2 which they 3 have testified against me; but because I did not do for them what they wanted, 4 what they asked of me. Then the Lord heard Susanna’s voice.

As she went to her death, 5 at that moment, God sent the holy spirit to a small boy whose name was Daniel; he was twelve years old.

He cried out aloud and said: I am absolved from 6 the blood of this woman, for she is innocent of this abomination.

All the crowd turned to him and said to him: What are you saying? 7

Standing among them, he said: You act so foolishly, you sons of Israel — you judge so wrongly 8 the daughters of Israel.

Go back, all of you, to the court house: for you have condemned this woman falsely.

All the crowd went back to the court house. Those elders said to Daniel: Come, sit with us, speak to us, for we see that God has given you the right to be heard. 9 Daniel spoke to all the crowd: Separate them, 10 one from the other, these elders; then I shall judge them as God guides 11 me. I shall show that they have testified wickedly, falsely, 12 against Susanna.

‘slandered me’: lit. ‘slandered me in falsehood’. See too Susanna 49. ‘though I have done nothing’: lit. ‘while I have not done anything/something’. 3 ‘they’: lit. ‘these men’. 4 ‘what they wanted’: lit. ‘the desire’. 5 ‘went to her death’: lit. ‘went out to die’. 6 ‘absolved from’: lit. ‘innocent of’. 7 ‘are you saying’: lit. ‘is this word that you have said’. 8 ‘so wrongly’: lit. ‘without righteousness’. 9 ‘the right to be heard’: lit. ‘precedence’. 10 ‘Separate them’: lit. ‘Separate them for me’. 11 ‘guides’: lit. ‘has given’. 12 ‘wickedly, falsely’: lit. ‘in wickedness … falsehood’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܳܡܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ � ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ‬ ‫ܫܩ ܶ ̱‬ ‫ܡܓ ܗܘ ܢܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܓܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܥܠــܝ‪ .‬ܐ� ܥܰــܠ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ� ܥ ݂ܒ ـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܐܣـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ـ ݁ ܶܕܡ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠܘ ̱ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܕ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܳܩܐ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܰܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܬ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܥܓܠ ܫܕܪ ܐܠܗܐ ܪܘܚܗ ܩܕܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ݁ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܥܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܡܚ ܰܣܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܳܝـܐ ܺ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܛ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ـܘܫܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܘܗ ݂ܦܟ ݂ܬ ܟ�ـܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐܡ ܺܪܝـܢ ܶܠـܗ‪ܳ .‬ܡ ܳܢـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ܕ�‬ ‫ܡܚ ܘܗܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܩܐܡ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܐܡܪ‪ .‬ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܣ ݂ܟܠܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـܬܘܢ ܒܢـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܳܕ ܺܝܢܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩ ݂ܘܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣ ܳܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ̱ܘ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܟܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܚ ܶܝ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܬܘ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܕܝܢܐ‪݁ .‬ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܺܕܝ ܳܢــܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܒܝـ‬ ‫ـܬ ܟ�ــܗ ܟܢــܘܫ‬ ‫ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠــܗ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫ ـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܢܢ ܘܗ ݂ܦܟܶـ ݂‬ ‫ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫� ݂ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ‪ .‬ܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ‪ .‬ܢܚܙ ܐ ݂ܕܠ ݂ܟ ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܐܠܗܐ ܩܫܝܫ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܬܐ‪݁ .‬ܦ ܽܪܘܫ ̱ܘ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ܆ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܠܟ�ܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܰܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ـܘ� ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܣـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܠܝ ܐܠـܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܚـܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܥ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܽܫܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna IV 1



 

    



When a large crowd had collected 2 around her those elders entered, the two of them, and bore false witness against her. They laid their hands on Susanna’s head, saying: We saw this (woman), with a young man, they lay 3 (together). Susanna was horrified 4 by what had happened to her. She raised her eyes to heaven, to the Lord, for her heart was given to God.

The two elders said: While we were walking outside the garden yesterday Susanna, her two maids with her, came and went into the garden. She sent her maidservants (away) and they shut the garden gates. A young man came to her, who was (waiting) in hiding for her, and he slept with her.

For we went into the garden and saw this wickedness; 5 we ran towards them and found them as they slept (together).

But we could not seize that young man, for he was stronger than us — he opened the garden gate and fled. But we did seize that woman, and we asked her: Who was that young man who slept with you?

But she did not want to confess to us about him. 6 These (matters) we testify concerning her, before you. All the crowd believed them, for they were elders of the people, for they were 7 judges, and condemned Susanna to death — as all women fear — so that they would not again bring this shame on them and on their families.

Susanna cried out aloud and said: God, who knows everything, before whom secrets are revealed, who knows what is to come before it is, This chapter number was identified with the help of the Buchanan Bible, fol. 189r. 2 ‘had collected’: lit. ‘was’. 3 ‘lay’: lit. ‘slept’. Similarly Susanna 38. 4 ‘Susanna was horrified’: lit. ‘her soul was bitter’. 5 ‘wickedness’: lit. ‘falsehood’. 6 ‘about him’: lit. ‘concerning him, who he was’. 7 ‘for they were … for they were’: lit. ‘since that as … since that as’. 1



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܕ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܢܫܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝܐܐ ܚ ݂ ܺܕܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ ܳܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ܐ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܣܡ ̱ܘ ܺܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰـܠ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ̇‬ ‫ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰـܡ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܳܝܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܺ‬ ‫ـܬ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ܶ :‬ܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗ ܥܰـܠ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܪ ܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ̇‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܺܣܝܡ ̱ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠـܝ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܠܟܝـܢ ̱ܚ ܰܢـܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݀ ܽ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܥܰ ܶ� ̈ܝܢ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀‬ ‫ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܶܦܪܕܝܣܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܫܘܫܢ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝܢ ܛ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܐܚܕ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܢܶܝܢ ܰ� ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܰܕܡܛ ܰܫܝ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܙ ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܢ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗ�ـܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓܘ ݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܚ ܚܢܢ ݁ܕܝܢ ܶܥܠܢ ̱ܗܘܝܢ ܠܢ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܐܫܟܚܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܟܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܟܚܢ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܚ‬ ‫ܐܚܕܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ̱ܗܘܐ ܡܢܢ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܪܩ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܽܢܘ ܰܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܐܶ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܺܡ ݂ܝܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܕܬܘ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܠܢ ܥܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܘ� ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܡ ܽܢـܘ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܰܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕ ܰܝܢـܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܟـܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܡܢ ݂ܬ ܐܢـܘܢ ܟ� ̇‬ ‫ܐܝـܟ ݁ ܰܕ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܗ ܟܢ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܰܘ ܽ ݂‬ ‫ـܘܫܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܬ ݂ܘܒ � ܢܶ ݁ ̈‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܘܬܐ‪ .‬ܐܝ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܕ ̈ܚܠـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫܘ ܰܫܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ݁ ܽܒ ̇‬ ‫ܥܒـ ݂ ܳܕܢ‬ ‫ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ ܶܒ ݁‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܒ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܳܳ ܳܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܘܗܝ ܳܝ ݂ ܽܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܒ ܘ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬ ܫܘܫܢ ܒܩ� ܶ ܪܡܐ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝـ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܬ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܥܰ ݂ܕ� ܢܶܗܘܝܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܰ .‬ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܰܕ ݂‬ ‫ܘܟ ̈ܣ ܳܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܰܓـ� ܳܝܢ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna



 

    

When that voice was heard in the garden, men 1 of Susanna’s household ran, hurried into the garden to see what had happened to her. When all Susanna’s relations had assembled those elders began to testify 2 unjustly against her, (saying that) as we were passing by outside the garden we looked in to see the garden and saw Susanna as a young man slept with her. We ran to seize them, but we could not seize the young man for he was stronger than us. Then, when they heard what the elders said, 3 all Susanna’s relatives were ashamed of everything which they said she had done.

On the next day, all the people gathered to Joyakim her husband so that they might investigate (the story) about Susanna, for if she had really committed this abominable deed, dishonored 4 her husband Joyakim, she should die. Those elders came too, the two of them, they slandered her. 5 They said, before all the people:

Send for Susanna daughter of Halkana, wife of Joyakim. So they sent for her. She came, with all her family, her intimate friends, and her companions. She stood in the midst of the whole crowd of people —

The woman was very fair, 6 the most modest of women, her clothing very modest 7 —

When those wicked men saw her they ordered that they should remove 8 her veil, so that they might feast their eyes on 9 her beauty.

But all who saw her wept, together with all her relatives.

‘men’: lit. ‘sons’. ‘testify’: same Syriac root as ‘witness’ in Susanna 21. 3 ‘what the elders said’: lit. ‘the words of the elders’. 4 ‘dishonored’: lit. ‘dishonored the bed of’. 5 ‘they slandered her’: lit. ‘they slandered her unjustly’. 6 ‘very fair’: lit. ‘very beautiful in her appearance’. 7 ‘modest … modest’: two different Syriac roots. 8 ‘remove’: lit. ‘reveal’. 9 ‘they might feast their eyes on’: lit. ‘howbeit with her appearance they might be satiated with’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘ ܰܫܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܐܫܬܡܥ ܩ� ܗܢܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܪܕܝܣܐ‪ :‬ܒܢܝ ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫ ݂ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܢ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܰܓ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̇ܗ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܥܓܠ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܟ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـܘ ܰܫܢ‪ܰ :‬ܫܪܝـܘ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܽܟ� ̇ܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܽܫ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܥܰـܘ�‪݁ .‬ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝـܢ ̱ܚ ܰܢـܢ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢܣܗ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܠܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ـܗ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ݂ ܺܕܝܩܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝـ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝܡـܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܶܐ ݂ܬܡܨܶܝܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܗ�ܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܕܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫݁ܕܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡ ܰܢܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܫܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܙ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ̇ܗ ܐ̱ܢܫ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘܬ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܢܥܰ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܒـܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܥܰܠ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪ܶ ݁ .‬ܕܐܢ ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳܪܐ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܨܥـܪ ݂ܬ ܬܫـܘ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܳܥ ݂ܒـܕ ݂ܬ ܛܢܦ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܽܝــܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܘ ܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫ ـܐ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ ݁ܬ ܰ�ܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܫܩـ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ�ـ ̇‬ ‫ـܘܢ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ـܗ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܽܡـ ݂‬ ‫ܳܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ̣ ܳܕܡ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ� ܳܘ� ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܶܚܠ ܰܩ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܬܪ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܛ ܫܕܪ ̱ܘ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܝ ݂ ܽܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܽ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܘ ܳ� ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܚܡ ̇‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܠ ܘܐܬ ݂ܬ ܗܝ ݂ܘܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܡܨܥܰ ݂‬ ‫̣‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫� ܰܘܐܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܳܦܐ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗ ܛ ݂ܒ‪ .‬ܘܡܟ ݂ܝܟܐ ܝ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ݀ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܺ ̇ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܛ ݂ܒ ܬ ݂ܟܣ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܽܐܘ ̇ܗ ܳܗ ܽܢـܘܢ �ܫܝܥـܐ‪ :‬ܦܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܕܢ ݂ܓܠـܘܢ ̇ܗ ܬܚܦܝـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܕ ݂ܐܦـܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܣܒ ܽܥܘܢܶܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܚ݀ ܶܙܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܽܫ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna



  









They did as she ordered them: they shut the garden gates, and went to bring her that which was ordered. They did not see those elders who were hidden there. When Susanna’s maids had left those elders ran to her and said to her:

See! The garden gates are shut, no-one sees us — we burn with desire for you 1 — sleep with us! For if you do not want to sleep with us we will bear false witness against you, (saying) that a young man slept with you and therefore you sent your maids away.

Susanna thought 2 and said: I have nowhere to turn. 3 For if I do this, my life is worthless 4 because my husband 5 Joyakim is dishonored; and if I do not do this, I shall face an evil death at your hands, a bad name denying 6 my chastity, and I shall bring shame on my (entire) family as a result of the false witness of these unjust men who add to the ruin, the shame of Israel, reproach among foreign peoples. But it is better for me to die unjustly 7 at your hands: I shall not sin before God. That is something which he will not forget; so long as I am constant in that decision 8 he will also save me from your hands.

Then Susanna cried out aloud, for the disaster which had befallen her at the hands of frenzied 9 men; those elders too shouted 10 out, to drown her out. 11 One of them ran and opened the garden gates.

‘burn with desire for you’: lit. ‘but because lusting we lust for you’. ‘thought’ or ‘reasoned’. 3 ‘I have nowhere to turn’: lit. ‘Disaster is to me from all sides’. 4 ‘my life is worthless’: lit. ‘it is death for me before God’. 5 ‘my husband’: lit. ‘the bed of my husband’. So too Susanna 28. 6 ‘denying’: lit. ‘not befitting’. 7 ‘unjustly’: lit. ‘in an unjust deed’. 8 ‘am constant in that decision’: lit. ‘am faithful in it’. 9 ‘frenzied’: same Syriac root as ‘crazed’ in Susanna 14. 10 ‘cried’ and ‘shouted’: same Syriac root. 11 ‘to drown her out’: lit. ‘against her’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܚ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܩ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܐܢܶܝܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰܐܙ ̈ܠـ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܰ� ̈ܝ ݁ܬܝܳـܢ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙ ̈ܝ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܰ‬ ‫�ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܛܫܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘ ܰܫܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܛ ݂ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݂ܢܦܩ ̱ܝ ܛ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܝܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ .‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܰܠ ݁‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܳ .‬ܗܐ ݂ ܰܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܐ ܺܚ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ݁ܕ ܳܚ݀ ܶـܙ ܐ ܰܠـܢ‪ .‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܰܪ ݂ܓ ܰܪ ݂ܓܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ـܟ ܥܰ ܰܡـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕܝـܢ ܚ ܰܢـܢ ܥܠܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܽܫـܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܶܘܐܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ� ܳܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ـܕ ݁ܪܬ ̱ܝ ܐܢܶܝـܢ ܠܛ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀‪ܽ .‬ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ�ܨ ܰܢܐ ̱ܗܘ ܺܠܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝܢ‪ .‬ܐܢ ݁ ܶܓܝـܪ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝـܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ‬ ‫ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ̱ܗ ܶܘ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܳ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܐܠـܗܐ‪ ܺ :‬ܥـܠ ܕ ܶܨܥـܪ ݂ܬ ܬܫـܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܳ� ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ݂ܕ�‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ܶܡܢ ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܥܰܡ ܫܡܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܶܐܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܩ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܽܐܪ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܠܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܫ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݁‬ ‫ܳ�ܐܶܐ ܺ‬ ‫ـܘܩܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܪܒ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܡـܢ ܣـܗܶܕ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܕ ܰܓܒ ܶ� ܐ ܰ� ܳ ̈ܘ ܶ�‪݁ .‬ܕ ܰܡ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܬܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܙܚـܐ‬ ‫ܘܣܦܝܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܶܪܗ ܘܥܠ ܒܝ‬ ‫݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܽܢ ݂ܘܟ ܳ��ܐ‪ܶ.‬‬ ‫݂ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ـܘܕ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܐ� ݂ܦ ܳܩܚ ܳܠܝ ݂ ܶܕ ܽܐܡ ݂ܘܬ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰܘ�‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܚܛ ܺـܐ ܽܩ ݂‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܐܦ ܶܡܢ ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܳ� ܛܥܶܐ ܶܠܗ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܦܨܶ ̱‬ ‫ܡܗ ܳ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܥ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܽܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ�ܨ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܦܩـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩܥܰـܘ‬ ‫ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܩ ݂ܘܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗܛ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna



   



16 

The two of them desired her — (lusting) to be with her according to the way of women: but they did not reveal their obsession to one another, For they wanted to be with her in secret.

They spied on her every day, obsessionally, 1 to look at her.

They said to one another: 2 Let us go away, for it is mealtime. They both 3 left, to go away —

they stole away, 4 one from the other. Then the two of them turned back, not knowing (where the other was going) — the two of them went, and they met one another there. Then they were ashamed of how they had deceived 5 one another. They sat, they revealed to one another their crazed destructive 6 (lust), how they lusted after this embodiment 7 of modesty.

After that 8 they watched for a time when they might find her alone and, together, destroy her reputation. 9 It happened that, while they were watching her, they saw her as she always was, 10 with her two maids. 11 She longed to bathe there, in the garden, for it was hot. Those elders went, they lay in wait there, in the garden — no other man was in the garden, only those two elders.

Susanna said to her maids: Go, bring me oil and ointment, and shut the garden gates while I am bathing.

‘obsessionally’: lit. ‘diligently’. ‘one another’: lit. ‘his companion’. 3 ‘both’: lit. ‘together’. 4 ‘they stole away’: lit. ‘they stole their soul’. 5 ‘how they had deceived’: lit. ‘what they had done, one to the other, in deceit’. 6 ‘destructive’ or ‘pernicious’. 7 ‘embodiment’: lit. ‘fullness’. 8 ‘After that’: lit. ‘From then’. 9 ‘destroy her reputation’: lit. ‘dishonor her good remembrance’. 10 ‘as she always was’: lit. ‘as every day, as yesterday and as the day before’. 11 ‘with her two maids’: lit. ‘when they were with her, her two maids’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ݂ܓܠܰܘ ܡ ܽܚ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܽܛܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܺ‬ ‫ܳܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܚܙܝܳ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܚܦܝܛܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‪ܺ .‬ܢ ܰܐܙܠ ܰܠܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܫـ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܛ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ � ܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝـܢ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܘ ܰ ݂ܓܢ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ܰ ݂ܦܫܗܘܢ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡـ ܰܢ ܚ ݂ـܕ‪ .‬ܘ ̣‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܬ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܐܪܥ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ ܒܡ ݁ܕܡ ݁ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ـܪܬܐ ܘܡـܘܒ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂‬ ‫݁ܒܢܶ ݂ܟ�‪ :‬ܝܺ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܘ ݂ܓܠܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܪ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ـܬܗܘܢ ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܦ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܘܕ ̇ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܨ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܳܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܚ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܟ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݁‬ ‫ـܘܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܪ ܳܘܢ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܫܘܝܰ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ܘܟ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܳܐܘ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܝܘܡ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܛ�ܝ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܬܪܬܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܝ ܰܘ ݂‬ ‫ܠܝ‪ .‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܡܢ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܓ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܣܚܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ݂ܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ .‬ܐ� ܐܢ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܐ̱ܚܪܝܢ ܠܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܗ ܒ ݂ܦܪܕ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܶ ̈ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܐܝـܢ ܺܠـܝ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚـܐ ܰܘ ܳܙܡ ܳܡـܐ‪݂ .‬ܘܬ�ܥܶـܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ܠܛ�ܝ ݂ܬܗ‪ .‬ܙ�ܝـܢ ܐܝ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܐ ܽܚ ̈ܘ݂ܕܝܳܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܣܚܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Susanna III

   



   

The Book of the Blessed Susanna There was a man living in Babylon; his name was Joyakim.

He took a wife. 1 Her name was Susanna, the daughter of Halkana. She was very beautiful, and she feared the Lord.

Both 2 her parents were righteous; they taught their daughter all the commandments of Moses. Joyakim her husband was exceedingly wealthy. He had a garden around his house; the Jews would gather in it, for he was most distinguished of them all.

At that time, two elders were appointed 3 from the people. They were the magistrates of the people, judges that year, of whom God had spoken, (saying): Because of them, wickedness will come forth from Babylon, from them, from the elders, from those judges who administer the temple. 4 Those men came continually to Joyakim’s house, and all those who had a case (to be tried) were judged. 5

When all the people went, at midday, Susanna went (too) — she and her maidens, to her husband’s garden. Those elders saw her every day as she was walking, going to her husband’s garden. They desired her —

so they bent their minds, averted their eyes, so that they would not look towards heaven, would no more call to mind the righteous ones. 6 ‘took a wife’: lit. ‘took for him a wife’. ‘Both’: lit. ‘All of them’. 3 ‘were appointed’: lit. ‘stood’. 4 ‘who administer in the temple’ or ‘who serve in the temple’. 5 ‘were judged’: lit. ‘were coming and being judged’. 6 ‘would no more call to mind the righteous ones’ or ‘would not again remember with holy things’. 1 2



‫ܫܘܫܢ‬

‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܫܢ ܛܘܒܢܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܓ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ܰܡܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ܶܠܗ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̣ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܒ ݂ ̣ܪܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܚܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ ܽܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܫܦܝـܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܛ ݂ـܒ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܳܘܕܚ� ܶܡܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܺܝܩܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ـܪܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܐ̱ ܳܢ ܶܫ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠܦܘ ̇ܗ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܽܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܽܣ ݂ ̣ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܝܘܝܩܝܡ ܒܥ�ܗ ܥ‬ ‫ـܘܓܐܐ‪ܺ .‬ܘܐ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܬܗ‪ܰ .‬ܘ�ـ ܳـܘ ݂ ̣ܬܗ ݁ܟܢ ܺܫܝــܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܝ ̱ܗܘ݂ܕ�ــܐ‪ :‬ܡܛــܠ ܕܡܝــܬܪ ̱ܗܘܐ ܡـܢ‬ ‫ܚـ ݂ܕܪ ܒܝـ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ̈ܶ ܰܳ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܝܗܘܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܳ :‬ܩܡ ̱ܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ ݂ܒܥܡܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܳܢ ݂ ܶܦܩ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܡܠܶܠ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪݁ .‬ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ݀ܝ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܥـܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܫܢ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶܡܢܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ ܘܡܢ ܕ�ܢܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܒܗܝܟ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝـܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ‪ܳ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܐ ݂ ̣ܬܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܠܓـܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܰܙܠ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܫـܘ ܰܫܢ‪ܺ :‬ܗܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܛ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܠܟܐ ܗ ܳܘܬ݀ ܳܘܐܙ ܳ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݀ ܶܙܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‬ ‫ܡܗ ݂ ܳ ̱ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܽܢܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܗܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ـܘܪܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܟܢ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ‪ .‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽـܪܘܢ‬ ‫݂ܽ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݁ܬ ݂ܘܒ ܥܡ ܙ ܕܝܩܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 

 

And Shelah begat Boaz. And Boaz begat Obed.

And Obed begat Jesse and Jesse begat David the king.



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܘܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܳ� ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܳܥܙ‪ܳ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܫܝ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܕ ܺܘ ݂ܝܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫�ܟܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 







   

 

  

Then Boaz said to the elders and to all the people: You are witnesses today that I have acquired all that belonged to Elimelech and all that belonged to Malion and Chilion from the hand of Naomi.

And you, Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Malion, I have taken you as my wife, 1 to raise up the name of the dead over his inheritance, lest the memory of the dead be forgotten from among his brothers 2 and his tribe. You are witnesses today.

The elders and all the people who were at the gate of the city answered and said: We are witnesses. And they blessed him and said to him: May the Lord make this woman before you like Rachel and like Leah: those two who built the house of Israel. And they did mighty deeds in Ephrathah, and called its name ‘Bethlehem’.

May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah. And may the Lord give to you offspring from this woman. So Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife. And he went in to her and the Lord was favorable to her and she conceived and bore a son. The women said to Naomi: Blessed is the Lord who has not left you without a redeemer today, and you will call his name in Israel.

And he will be a comforter to you and a provider for your city, for your daughter-in-law who loves you has borne him — she who is better in your eyes than seven sons. Naomi took the child and laid him on her bosom. And she was a nurse to him.

And her neighbor women said: A son has been born to Naomi. And they called his name Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David. And these are the descendants of Perez. Perez begat Hezron. Hezron begat Aram. Aram begat Amminadab.

Amminadab begat Nachshon. Nachshon begat Shelah.

1 2

‘And … wife’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth. Or ‘relatives’.



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܶܘܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܠ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܕܝܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳܣ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܩܢ ݂‬ ‫ܠܟ‪ܽ ݂ :‬‬ ‫�ܝـܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶ� ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫�ܝـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂‬ ‫݂ ܺܺܕ ݂‬ ‫ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܽܡـܘ‬ ‫�ܝܘܢ ܢܣ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ܐܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ܰܚ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܗ‪ :‬ܕ� ܢܬܛܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܘܟܪ ܢܗ ܕܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܫ ݁ܪܒ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܣ ݁‬ ‫ܗܕܝܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܗܕܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܢ‪ܽ ܰ ݂ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܥܢܘ ܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܘܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ܳܪܥܐ ݂ܕܩܪ ݂‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܪܟ ̱‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܳܘܐܡܪ ܰܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܣ ݁ ܺ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ݁‬ ‫ܐܝـܟ �ܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝـܟ ܪܚ‬ ‫ܝـܟ‪ :‬ܐ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܠܗ‪ :‬ܢܥܒ ݂ܕ ܡ‬ ‫ܝـܠ ܘ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ̈ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ̈ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܦ ݂ܪܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܩـ ܰ�ܝ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܕܗܢܝܢ ܬ�ܬܝܗܝܢ ܒܢܝ ܒܝܬܐ �‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܚ�� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܠ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܢܗܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬ ݂ܟ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܒܝܬܗ ܕ ݂ܦܪܨ‪ :‬ܗܘ ܕܝ�ܕ ݂ܬ ܬܡܪ ܠܝـܗ ݂ܘܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶܡܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܢ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܛܢ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫�ܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܥـܐ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘܐܡ ܳ�ܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝـܟ ̱ܗܘ ܡ‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܺܪ ݂‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕ� ܐܥܢܶ ݂ـܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫݂ܘܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܪܝܢ ܫܡܗ ܒ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܳܝ ܳܐܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫ܡܬܪܣ�ܢـܐ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܶ .‬ܡܛـܠ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫�ܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܝܺܠ ܶ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܗ‪ܳ :‬ܗܝ ݁ܕܛ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܕܐܚ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܬܗ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܬܗ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ܠܛ�ܝܐ ܘܣ‬ ‫ܘܫܩ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܠܗ ܡܪ ܒ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܺ ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܺܬܝܠ ܶ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܩ ܰ�ܝ ܫܡܗ ܥ ݂ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ‪ :‬ܗ‬ ‫ܐܡ� ̱ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܫܒ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܝܘ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̱‬ ‫݁ܺ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܺܘ ݂ܝܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܫܝ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̱‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܬܘ ̈� ݂ ܳܕܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪܨ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܦܪܨ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܽܨܪܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܪܡ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܳܪܡ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܚ ܽܨܪܘܢ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ �ܥܰ ܺܡ ܳܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܚܫܘܢ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܺܡ ܳܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܒ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܫܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܫ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 



  









Chapter 

Boaz went up and sat at the gate of the city. And behold, the redeemer of whom Boaz had spoken was passing by. And he said to him: Come, sit here. Then he said to him: What is it? and he sat by him.

He selected 1 ten men from the elders of the city and he had them sit by him. And he said to the redeemer of inheritance: Naomi has sold to me the portion of field belonging to our relative 2 Elimelech.

I determined 3 that I would reveal it and make it known to you. And I say to you, you purchase it before these sitting here. But I declare my intention to speak and to purchase it before these elders of my people who are sitting here. And now, if you will redeem, redeem. And if you will not redeem, tell me, and I will know that you are not a redeemer, and I will redeem. And he said: I will redeem. Boaz said: On the day that you purchase the field from Naomi and from Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of the man 4 who died, acquire it so that you raise up the name of the dead man over his inheritance.

The redeemer said: I am not able to redeem lest I ruin my inheritance. You redeem it; because of my own lack of confidence 5 I am not able to redeem it.

Now this was the custom formerly among the Israelites to confirm an exchange of redemption: a man removed his shoe and gave it to the other. 6 This was the testimony in Israel. The redeemer said to Boaz: Acquire it for yourself and he removed (his shoe) from his feet.

‘selected’: lit. ‘selected for himself’. Or ‘our brother’. 3 ‘determined’: lit. ‘said’. 4 ‘the man’: lit. ‘he’. 5 ‘my own lack of confidence’: lit. ‘the deficiency of my faith’. 6 ‘the other’: lit. ‘his companion’. 1 2



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬

‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܪܬܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܥܝ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܬܪܥـܐ ܳ ݂ܕ ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܘܣܠܩ ܒܥܙ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܳܒܥܙ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠـܗ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ݁ܪܟـܐ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܠـܗ ܳܡ ܰܢـܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܥܠ ̱ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܐ ܠܗ ܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܠܝ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܟ ܰܙ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܩ� ݂ ܰܕ ܽܐܚܘܢ ܶܐ ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܬ ݂ܒܥ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ‪ :‬ܦܠܓ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕܚ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܘܕ ܳܥ ݂ܟ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܢܝ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܓ ܶ� ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫ܩܕܡ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫ ̱ܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܢܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܝ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩܕ ܳܡ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܶـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܶܐܢ ܽܗܘ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܰܐ̱ ݁ܢܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ܳ� ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܺܠـܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁ ܰܐܕܥ ݁ܕ�‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܩ� ܶܡܢ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ܘܡܢ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܒܥܙ‪ :‬ܒܝܘܡܐ ݂ܕܙ ݂ܒܢ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܚ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܩܢܝ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܺܩܝܡ ܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܺܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ‪݁ .‬ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܐ ܰܚ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܬ ݂ܒܘܥܐ‪ � :‬ܡܫܟܚ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܒܥ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܚ ܺܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ ܰܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܟܚ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܽܩ ݂ܘܕ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܽܡܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܶܠ‪ :‬ܘܫܘܚ� ݂ܦܐ ܳ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܗ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܫ ܶܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܡܣܢܗ‪ :‬ܘܝܳܗ ݂ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒܪܗ‪ .‬ܘܗ݂ܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܣ ݁‬ ‫ܗܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܳܥܙ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܘܥܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܢܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ � ݂ܓܠ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 



 







 

Now, my daughter, do not be afraid, for all that you say to me I will do for you. For all the family of our people knows that you are a woman of consequence. Now, it is true I am a redeemer of inheritance. But there is another redeemer of inheritance who is nearer than I.

Now, stay today and spend the night until early morning. In the morning, if he will redeem for you, fine, let him redeem. But if he is not willing to redeem for you, as the Lord lives I will redeem for you. And he said to her: Lie down until the morning.

She lay at his feet until early morning and she arose in the morning while it was dark before a person could recognize his companion. And she said to him: 1 Let no one know that I have come down to you at the threshing floor. Boaz said to her: Spread out your cloak. And she spread it out, and he measured out and gave six measures of barley to her. He lifted it on her and she took it and went to the city.

Then she came to her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law said to her: Who are you, my daughter? She said to her: I am Ruth! And she told her all that Boaz had done for her, And that he had given to her six measures of barley, and that he had said to her: Do not go to your mother-in-law empty-handed.

Her mother-in-law said to her: Stay, my daughter, until you see (what will happen). For the man will not rest until he brings about justice for himself today.

1

‘And she said to him’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth.



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܳ� ݂ܬ݂ܶܕܚܠܺܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܺܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܺܠܝ ܶܐ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ .‬ܝܳ ݂ܕ ܳܥـܐ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ـܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܰܡܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܓܝܪ ܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ‬ ‫ܘܗܫܐ ݂ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒـܥ ܝ‬ ‫ـܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒـ ܰܪܡ ݁ ܶܕܝـܢ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ̱‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰܩ ܺܪ ݂ܝܒ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝܪ ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ܕ ܳܢܓ ܳܗܐ‪ .‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܪ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܫܐ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܰ :‬ܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪ ܶ :‬ܐܢ ݁ܶܬ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ � ܢܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܨܒܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܥ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܚـܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܥ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ܕ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܘܬ ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܓ ܰܗ ݂ܬ݀‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܛ‪ :‬ܥܰ ݂ܕ �‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܳ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܬ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕܥ ܠܚ ݂ܒܪܗ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠܗ‪ :‬ܕ� ܐ̱ܢܫ �ܕܥ ܕܢ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛܟܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁ ܺܐܟܝܠ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܣ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡـܝ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ‪݁ :‬ܦ ܽܪ‬ ‫ܫـܬܐ‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܘܣܝ ܰܡܪܛ ݂ ̱ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܟ ̈ܝܠܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘܫܩܠ ݂ܬ ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ̇ ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܡܢ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܳ .‬ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܚܡ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܐܡܪ ܐ �ܗ ܚܡ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܐ ܳܢܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ̇ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܫܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܝܠܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܬܥܠܺܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪ܶ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܘܕ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ �ܗ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـܢ‪ܶ �ܳ :‬ܓܝـܪ ܳܫ ܶـ� ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܬܶ ݂ܒ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ـܕ ݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ �ܗ ܚܡ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܺܕܝܢܐ ܝܰܘܡܢܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 









  

 



Chapter 

Ruth lived with her mother-in-law and Naomi said to her: My daughter, shall I not seek a resting place for you that it will be well for you? Now behold, Boaz is our relative. He is the one 1 with whose servant girls you were, and behold, on this night he is heaping up barley at the threshing floor. Wash now, and anoint yourself, and dress in attractive clothing 2 and go down to the threshing floor. But do not be seen by him until he eats and drinks.

It will be that when he lies down to sleep, you will pay attention to the place where he is lying. And you will go near and you will lie down at his feet and he will tell you what you should do. 3 She said to her: All that you say to me I will do.

Then she went down to the threshing floor and did all that her mother-in-law had instructed. 4

When Boaz ate and drank and his heart was glad, he went and lay down at the edge of the threshing floor. And in the sweetness of sleep when he was lying at the threshing floor, she came in secret and lifted the edge of his cloak and fell at his feet.

In the middle of the night, the man was awakened from his sleep and was startled when he saw a woman lying at his feet.

And he said to her: Who are you? And she said to him: I am Ruth, your maidservant. Only cover your maidservant with the edge of your cloak for you are a redeemer of inheritance. Boaz said to her: Blessed are you by God my daughter, for your latter kindness you have shown is better than the former, in that you have not gone after the young men whether rich or poor.

‘He is the one’: lit. ‘It is he’. ‘dress in attractive clothing’: lit. ‘be pleasing in your clothing’. 3 Alternatively, ‘he will say to you: What are you doing?’. 4 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘commanded her’. 1 2



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܓ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܥܰܡ ܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ‪݁ :‬ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ � :‬ܐ ݂ܒܥܶـܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܢܝ ܳܚܐ ܘܢܶܛ ݂ܐܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥــܙ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘܝـ ݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܡܬܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰــܡ ܥ�ܝܡ ـ ݂‬ ‫ܚܟـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܐ݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܺܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܳܟ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܚܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܨ ܰܛ ݁ ݇ܒ ـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫�ܒ ـ ̈ܘ ܰܫ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܣܚــܝ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝــܠ ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܬ ̱ܝ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܡܫـ ̱‬ ‫ܘܚـ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܢ ܶܠܗ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܥܶܣ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡـ ݂ܟ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܺܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪݂ .‬ܘܬܶܩ ݂ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܒܝـܢ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ݂‬ ‫ـܝ ܒ ݂ܕܘܟ ݂‬ ‫ܠܒܠ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܶܕܡ ܺܟܝܢ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܺܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂݂ ݂‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܒ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ̇ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܬ ݂ܬ݀ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ‬ ‫݂ܰ‬ ‫ـܬܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܛ ـܐ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒــܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܶܒــܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ܐܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܟ ـܠ ܒܥــܙ ܘܐܫـ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܟ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓܠܳـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܢܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒ ݁ܐܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ܬ݀ ܺܗܝ ݂ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦـܐ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܽܚ ܶ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܬ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡܪܛܘܛܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܬܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܘܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܠܓܗ ܕܠ�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ܕ ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܡܢ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܟܣܐ � ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܽܡܐ ܳ ܛ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠܗ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܪܥ ܽ ݂ܘܬ ܳ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܪܛܘܛ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ‪݁ .‬ܒ ܺܪ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶܐܛ ݂ܐܒ ݁‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫ܣܕ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶܰ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܰܐܘ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܟ ܺܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ̱ܚܪ�ܐ ܛ ݂ܒ ܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܐ‪ :‬ܕ� ܐ ܙܠܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܥ�ܝܡܐ ݂ܕܥ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch.  II



 



Naomi said to her daughter-in-law: Blessed is the Lord who has not removed his favor from the living and from the dead. And Naomi said to her: The man is our relative and one of our redeemers.

And Ruth said to her mother-in-law: He said to me further, ‘Stay close to my servants until all the harvest is finished’.

Naomi said to Ruth her daughter-in-law: Happy are you my daughter, since you have stayed close to his servant girls and no man has harmed you in a field which you do not know. So she 1 stayed close to the maidservants of Boaz in order to glean until the harvests 2 of barley and that of wheat were complete.

1 The form is second person feminine singular, but the third person makes more sense. 2 The noun is singular, but there are two different harvests in view.



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܓ‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܕܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ̈ܝܶـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܐ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܒܪ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܺܪ ݂ܝܟ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ܠ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ̈ܒܥܰܝ ܥ ܳܝ ݁ܪܬܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܝ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ � ̇ܗ ܢܥܡܝ‪ :‬ܩܪ ݂ܝܒܢ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܝ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܓ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܠܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܘܒ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݁‬ ‫ܠܬ ̇ܗ‪ܽ :‬ܛ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܰܠܥ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܳܡـ ݂ܬܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܢܥܡܝ ܠܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ܐ ܳܢܫ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩ� ݂ܕ� ܝ ݂ܕܥܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳ� ܶܢܩ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ � ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܫܠܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܩܛ‪ܰ ݂ :‬‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ̈ܚܛܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 









   



Boaz said to her: It was fully told to me what you did for your mother-in-law after your husband died: that you left your father and your mother and your family, and you came to a people you did not know formerly.

May the Lord, the God of Israel, repay you and may he grant you recompense — the God 1 under whose wings you have come to take refuge.

She said to him: Because I have found compassion in your eyes, my lord, and you have comforted me and spoken kindly to your maidservant, then I will be like one of your handmaids.

Boaz said to her at the time of the meal: Come and eat some bread. And he had her sit by the side of the reapers and he gave to her barley porridge and dipped the bread in milk. And he provided pieces of crushed grain and gave it to her and she ate and was satisfied and had some left over. Then she got up to glean, and Boaz commanded his workers and he said: Let her glean among the sheaves and do not molest her.

Gather 2 for her also among the sheaves, and leave her alone to glean and do not molest her. And she gleaned in the field until the evening and she beat them out and found in them about a full measure of barley.

Then she weighed them and went to the city. And she showed her mother-in-law the grain 3 which she had gleaned. And she gave to her from what she had eaten and had some left over.

Her mother-in-law said to her: Where were you gleaning today? Blessed be the place where you were, and he in whose eyes you found compassion. And she told her mother-in-law where she had been and she said to her: Boaz is the name of the man in whose field I was gleaning today.

‘the God’: lit. ‘that one’. The verbs in this verse could be treated as 3rd plural perfect forms giving the translation, ‘they gathered for her also among the sheaves, and they left her alone to glean and did not molest her’. 3 ‘grain’: lit. ‘gleanings’. 1 2



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡ ܽܪܘ ܶܐ ݂ܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܥܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܡ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ �ܗ ܒܥܙ‪ :‬ܡ ݂‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܘܟ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁‬ ‫ܫܒ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܠ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܕ ܺܡ‬ ‫ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܪܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܐܡ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܢ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱‬ ‫�ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ� ܝܳ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ــܗܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬ ݁‬ ‫ܪ�ــܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ‬ ‫ــܝ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝــܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܶــܠ‪ :‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ــܬܠ ܐ ݂ܓ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܦܪܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܳ‬ ‫ــܝ ܗܘ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܣܬ ݁ܬ ܽܪܘ ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܟܢ̈ ݂ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܐܬܢـ ̱ܝ ܰܘܡܠ ܰ ݁‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁‬ ‫ܝـܬ‬ ‫ܝـܟ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ‪݂ :‬ܘܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܐ ܡܢ ܐܡܗ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܐܢܐ ܐܗܘܐ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݂‬ ‫ܒ�ܒ ̇ܗ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܬܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ـܝ ܰܘ ݂ ܽܐܟـܘܠ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ݂ ܳܒ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܘܒ ̱‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ � ̇ܗ ܒܥܙ ܒ�ܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕܫܪ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܪܡܝ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܨܒܥ ܠܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂‬ ‫ܶܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܳܚ ܽܨ ̈ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܫܚܬ ݂‬ ‫̈ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܟܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܒܥܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܰܘ ݁‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܦܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦ� ݂ܝܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܠܩـܘܛ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂‬ ‫�ܩܛ‪݂ :‬ܘܦܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܒܥܙ �ܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ܳܘ� ܰܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܳܘܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܛܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܠܶܨ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܦ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ̈ܦܐ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܘܒ ܽܩ ̇‬ ‫ܗܪ ܳܘܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ܒ ܰܛ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ܰܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ܶܐܢܶܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܩ� ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒܚ‬ ‫ܝـܟ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡ� ݂ ܰܟ ܳܝ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܛـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܩܛـܐ ݂ܕܠ‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܘܥܠ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ ݂‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܚـܘܝ ݂ܬ ܠܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܬ ܰܪ ݂ܬ‪݀.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܝܶܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ � ̇ܗ ܡܢ ܗܘ ܡܐ ݂ܕܠܥܣ ݂ܬ ܘ ݁‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ̱ܝ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݁‬ ‫ܐܬܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐܝܟܐ ܠܩܛܐ ̱ܗܘܝـܬ ̱ܝ ܝܘܡܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ ܐ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ݁‬ ‫݂ܒ ܺܪ ݂ܝܟ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܟـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‪ .‬ܘܐܫܬܥܝ ݂ܬ ܠܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩܠܶܗ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܠܩܛܐ ̱ܗ ܺܘ ݂‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ܐ � ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܒܥܙ ܫܡܗ ܰ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 

 



  

 





Chapter 

Now Naomi had a kinsman 1 from the family of Elimelech her husband, a prominent man, 2 and his name was Boaz.

Ruth the Moabite woman said to Naomi her mother-in-law: I will go to the field and I will gather 3 gleanings after the workers in whose eyes I find compassion. And her mother-in-law said to her: Go, my daughter.

So Ruth went to gather gleanings after the reapers. And she happened upon the portion of the field belonging to 4 Boaz, son of the family of Elimelech.

And behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem. And he said to the reapers: Peace be with you! and they said to him: May the Lord bless you! Boaz said to the young man who was in charge of the workers: What is the story of this young woman?

And the young man answered and said to him: The woman is a Moabite woman. It is she who came with Naomi from the land of Moab. She said: ‘Let me gather gleanings after the workers’. And she has gleaned from the early morning until the time of rest.

Then Boaz said to Ruth: My daughter, have you not heard the proverb that ‘in the field which does not belong to you, do not glean’? Therefore, remain and stay the night here with my young women. See where they are reaping and go after them. Behold, I have commanded the young men so that no one will harm you. And if you are thirsty, go and drink from the jars that the young men fill. She fell on her face upon the ground and bowed down to him. And she said: Is it because I have found compassion in your eyes that you notice me, since I am a foreigner?

‘kinsman’: lit. ‘acquaintance’. ‘a prominent man’: see Introduction, Addendum 1. Ruth. 3 ‘gather’: lit. ‘glean’. So also Ruth 2:3. 4 ‘belonging to’: lit. ‘of’. 1 2



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܠܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ‬ ‫ܥܬܐ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܫܪܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܘܕ ݂‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ݁ ܳܒܥܙ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܩ�‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩܛـܐ‬ ‫ܐܠܩـܘܛ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܐ ܰܙܠ ܠܚ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܘܗܝ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ݁ ܳܦ ̈� ܶ� ݂ܕ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܟܚ � ܶ‬ ‫ـܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ � ̇‬ ‫ܠـܝ‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ̇ܗ ܙܶ ̱‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ̈ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܘܬܐ‬ ‫�ܩܛ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܚـܨ ݂ܘܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܬܩܒܠـ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܦܠܓ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܠܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܠܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܚܩܠܗ ܕ ݂ܒܥܙ ܒܪ ܫܪܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳܶ‬ ‫ܘܕ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܟܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܥܰ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܽ ̈ܨ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚܡ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܢܒ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܟ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܠܛ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܩܐܡ ܥܠ ܦ��‪ :‬ܡܐ ܛܒܗ ܕܥܠ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܬ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܰـܡ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܥܢܐ ܛ�ܝܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠܗ‪ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܝ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܩܘܛ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܦ��‪ .‬ܘܠܩܛ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܨ ݂ܦܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠܢܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ � :‬ܫ ܺܡܝܥ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡـ ݂ܬ�‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚܩـ� ݂ܕ� ݂ ܺܕܝܠـ ݂ܟ �‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܩܘܛ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܩ ܳܘܝ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܒ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܢ ܥܰܡ ܛ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܳܚ ܳܙ�ܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ܳܚܨ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܛ� ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܦܩـܕ ݂ܬ ܠ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܕܐ ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܛ� ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܫܬܝ ܶܡܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܘ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ .‬ܘܐܢ ܨ‬ ‫ܗ�ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܙܶ ̱‬ ‫݂ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܘ ܶܣܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ‬ ‫ܐܫܟ ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܐܟܣ ܳܢ ݁‬ ‫ܝܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܕܥܰ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 

 



She said to them: Do not call me ‘Naomi’, but call me ‘Bitter Person’ because El Shaddai 1 has embittered me greatly.

For I went full from this place and the Lord has returned me empty. Why 2 now do you call me Naomi since the Lord has humbled me 3 and that which comes by his hand(s) has done evil to me?

So Naomi returned and Ruth the Moabite woman, her daughter-inlaw, who desired to return with her whole heart, was with her. And they came from the land of Moab at the beginning of the harvest of barley.

The Syriac is a translation of a Hebrew name for God which denotes his might and power. 2 The Syriac has a conjunction ‘Then’ at the beginning of this sentence. 3 ‘since … me’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth. 1



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܳ‬ ‫ـܝ ܰܡ ܺܪܝـ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܐܡــܪ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ‪ :‬ܐ� ܩ� ܶ� ܳܢܢـ ̱‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ � ݂ܬ ܳܩ� ܳ� ܳܢܢـ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܺܕܐܝ� ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ̱ܢܝ ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܺ‬ ‫ـܬ‪ܰ .‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟ ـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܪ� ـܐ ܰܐ ݁‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢ ـܐ‬ ‫ـܝ‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐܝـ ݂‬ ‫ـܬ ݁ ܶܓܝــܪ ܐ ܙܶ ̱ܠـ ݂‬ ‫�ܝܐܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ ܰܟܢـ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ܟܝܠ ܩ�ܝܳܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ ܠܝ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܢـܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܟ ̱‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܛـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ ܶܒܐܫ ܺܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠـܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܨ ܰܛ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܗܦـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܪܥـ ݂ܘܬ ܡـܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝܫ ܚ ܳܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܡܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth Ch. 



   

 





 

May the Lord give you favor and may you find rest in the house of your fathers. And she kissed them and they raised their voices and wept.

They said to her: No — but we will go with you to your land and to your people.

And Naomi said to them: Return my daughters, why are you going with me? Do I still have sons that I can give you to them? Return my daughters, for I am too old to have a husband. If I said I still would have hope and would have a husband and bear sons,

Would you wait for them until they grow up? And will you be prevented from having a husband? No, my daughters, for it has become very bitter for me on account of you and it is more bitter for me than for you, for the hand of the Lord has gone out against me. And they lifted their voices again and wept. And Arpah kissed her mother-in-law and she went back again. But Ruth clung to her.

Her mother-in-law said to her: See, your sister-in-law has returned to her people and to the house of her relatives. 1 You also return after your sister-in-law.

But Ruth said to her: God forbid that I turn back from you and leave you! For to the place you go I will go and wherever you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your god will be my god. And where you die I also will die and will be buried. Thus may God do to me and more besides, 2 but death alone will separate me and you.

Then, when Naomi saw that she truly desired to go with her, she ceased from telling her to return.

They went together to Bethlehem of Judah. When they came to Bethlehem, all the city was joyous over them. And they said: Is this Naomi?

1 2

‘relatives’: lit. ‘people’. ‘and more besides’: lit. ‘thus may he add to me’.



‫ܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ̈݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܢܶܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܢܬ ݂‬ ‫ܠܟܝܢ ܡܪ�ܐ ܠܚ ݂‬ ‫ܣܕ ܐ‪݂ :‬ܘܬܫܟܚܢ ܢܝܚܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܶܟܝـܢ‪ .‬ܘܢܫܩـ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝܡ ̱ܝ ܳܩ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܘܐܡ ܳ�ܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ �‪ :‬ܐ� ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܢ ܰܐܙܠ‪� :‬ܪܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘ�ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܝ‪ܰ ݁ .‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܗܦ ̈ܘ ݂ܶ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠـܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܺܠܝ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܽܬ ݂ܘܒ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܟܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܒ ݂ܬ ܺܠܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ܒ ܳܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܶܣ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‬ ‫ܠܡـܗܘܐ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܠ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܘܒ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܝ ܣ ݂ܒܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܗܘܐ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ ݁ܬ ܰܣ ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪� .‬‬ ‫ܘ ܐܢ ̱‬ ‫ܥܕܡܐ ܳ ݂ܕܢ ݁ܪܒܘܢ‪݂ :‬ܘܬ ݂ܬܥ ݁ܟ�ܢ ܡܢ ݁ܕܠܡܗܘ ܺܐ ܰ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠـܝ ܛـ ݂ܒ ܥܠܝܟܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܠـܝ ܡܪܝـܪ ܐ ܝܬܝـܪ ܡ ݂ܢܟܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܐܝܕܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ̈‬ ‫ܝܡ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܬ ݂ܘܒ ܳܩ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܶܘܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ـܬ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ ̈ܒ ݂ ܰܟܝ‪ .‬ܘܢܫܩ ݂ܬ ܥܪܦܐ ܠܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܢܩ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ̇ ܳ ܺܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ �ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܶܫ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܗ ܚܡـ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܝ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢ̱ܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܝ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܬ‪ܳ :‬ܚܣ ܺܠܝ ܶܕ ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ܶܡـܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ݁‬ ‫ܐܫܒ ܶܩ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܟـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܺ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰ� ݂ ܰܬܪ ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ܺܐܙ ̱ܠܝـܢ ܺܐ ܰܙܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡܪܝــܢ ܶܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܶܗ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܥܡـܪ‪ .‬ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܥܰܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠܗ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܺܠـܝ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳܗܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܒـܪ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܢܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܬܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܐܬܪ ܕ ݂ܬܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܢ ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ݂ܒ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚ ݂ܘܕ ܢ ݂ܦܪܘܫ ݁ܒܝܢܝ ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶܐܨ ܰܛ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܝـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡـ ܰܐܙܠ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܥܡܝ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪ ܳܝܪܐ ݂‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܠ ܺܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܦ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܬ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚܡ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܟ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚـܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܢܥܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕܝ ݂ܬ ܒܗܝܢ ܟ�ܗ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ruth

I





 

 





Chapter  It was in the days of the judges, there was a famine in the land. And a man went from Bethlehem of Judah to live in the land of Moab — he and his wife and his sons — for the famine was severe in the land.

The name of the man was Elimelech. And the name of his wife was Naomi. And the names of his sons were Malion 1 and Chilion — Ephrathites from Bethlehem of Judah. They arrived in the land of Moab to live there. And Elimelech, the husband of Naomi died, and she and her two sons remained.

They took for themselves Moabite wives. The name of one was Arpah, 2 and the name of the other was Ruth. And they lived there about ten years. Then her two sons, Malion and Chilion died. And the woman was left without 3 her husband and her two sons.

So she returned — she and her two daughters-in-law with her — from the land of Moab, for she had heard in the land of Moab that the Lord had visited his people to give them food.

They went out from the land where they were sojourning 4 — she and her two daughters-in-law with her — to return and to go to the land of Judah. And Naomi said to her daughters-in-law: Go again to your place and to the house of your relatives, and may the Lord deal mercifully with you as you have dealt with me and with my two sons who died.

The Hebrew has machlon, anglicized, ‘Mahlon’. The Hebrew has ʿorpah, anglicized, ‘Orpah’. 3 ‘left without’: lit. ‘bereft of’. 4 ‘where they were sojourning’: lit. ‘of their dwelling’. 1 2



‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫ܶ ܰܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ܦ�ܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܐ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܶܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚـܡ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰܐܙ ܶܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܬܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܫـܢ‬ ‫݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ ܠܡܥܡܪ ܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡـ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡـ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁‬ ‫ܠܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁‬ ‫ܫܡـ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ‪ .‬ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܳܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܺ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܬܘ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡـܘܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫�ܝܘܢ ݂ܘܟ‬ ‫�ܝܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ܬ�ܶܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܬ ܠܚܡ ܕܝܗ ݂ܘܕ ܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܺܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܬ ܐܠܝܡܠܟ ܒܥ�ܗ ܕܢܥܡܝ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ̈ܶ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܐ ܥܰ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡـ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܚـܪ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܦܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـ ݂ܘܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰ�ܗܘܢ ܢܫܐ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ܳܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܘܢ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ̇‬ ‫ܥ�ـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܘ ܺܡ ݂‬ ‫�ܝܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܓܙܝܰ ݂ ݀ ̱ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܫܡܥ̈ـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܗܝ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝܢ ܟ ̱ܠܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡـ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܣܥܰܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܽܙ ܳܘܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ �ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ܠܡ‬ ‫ܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܦ ̈ܩـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܦـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܪܗܝــܢ ܺܗܝ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝــܢ ܟ ̱ܠܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܦـ ̈ܘ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ܙ̈ܶ ܶܠܝـܢ ܰ� ݂ܬܪ ݂ ܶܟܝـܢ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܟ ̱ܠܠـ‬ ‫ܥܡـܝ‬ ‫ܝـܬ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܰܫ ̈� ݁ ܶܟܝـܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܠܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡـܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܡ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ـܝ‬ ‫ܘܡܪ�ܐ ܢܥܒ ݂ܕ ܥܡ ݂ܟܝܢ �ܚܡـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܝـܟ ܕ ݂‬ ‫ܥܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܝܬ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕ ܺܡ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ̈‬ ‫ܕܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܟܝܬ ܪܥܘܬ ܘܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬

‫ܥܘܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܚܡܠ ܟܬܒܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܦܪܐ ܕ ̈‬ ‫ܢܫܐ ܕܚܒܝܫ ܒܗ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪܥܘܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܟܬܒܐ ܚܕ ܣܦܪܐ ܠܦܘܬ‬ ‫ܘܕܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܘܡܬܚܫܒܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ‪ .‬ܘܗܠܝܢ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ‬ ‫ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ ܡܬܦܪܣܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܝ ̈ܕܝܐ‪ .‬ܐܬܦܚܡܬ ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܗܕܐ ܥܠ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ܇ ܕܒܝܕ ܡܪܝ ܩܠܝܡܝܣ ܝܘܣܦ ܕܘܝܕ‬ ‫ܐܬܦܪܣܬ ܡܕܢܚܐܝܬ ܫܢܬ ܐܦܦܙ ـ ܐܦܨܐ܇ ܒܬܪ ܡܐ ܕܫܚܠܦܢܢ ܠܣܪܛܗ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܢܘܩܙܝ ܪܘܟܟܐ ܘܩܘܫܝܐ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ܆‬ ‫ܡܢ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܠܡܥܪܒܝܐ܆ ܘܐܘܣܦܢܢ‬ ‫ܘܢܝܫܐ ܕܡܒܛܠܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܚܡܢܢ ܕܝܢ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܫܟܚܢܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܒܨܝ̈ܪܐ ܒܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ܇ ܗܪܟܐ ܘܬܡܢ܇ ܒܝܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܝܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܙܕܩ ܠܡܕܥ ܕܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ ܕܒܡܦܩܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܫܟܝܚܝܢ ܘܠܘ ܒܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ̈‬ ‫ܐܬܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܕܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܢܘܢ܆ ܘܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ܣܝ̈ܡܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܫܪܟܐ‪ .‬ܣܕܪܐ‬ ‫ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ ܫܟܝܚ ܒܓܒܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܬܪܨܢ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܪܕܝܐ‪ .‬ܐܝܬܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ‪ :‬ܟܬܒܢܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܚܠܦ ܺܪܫ ܘܫܪܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܟܐ ܕܝܢ ܩܘܒܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܡܩܪܒܝܢܢ ܠܡܠܦܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܝܘܟܝܠ ܕܥܕܪ‬ ‫ܬܘܕܝܢ ܕܐܠ ̈‬ ‫ܒܦܘܚܡܐ ܥܠ ܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܡܪܝܐ ܠܐܗܐ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܘܦܝܢ܀ ܐܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܝܢ܀‬ ‫ܥܐܕܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܝܠܕܗ ܕܡܪܢ܆ ܙܙ ܟܢܘܢ ܐܚܪܝ ܒܟ ܡ ܠܦܘܬ ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܕܕܘܟܝ̈ܬܐ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܩܕܝܫܬܐ‬ ‫ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬ ‫ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ‬

‫ܗ‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܙܕܩܐ ܢܛܝܪܝܢ܀‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ̈‬ ‫ܕܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܟܝܬ ܪܥܘܬ ܘܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܝܗܘܕܝܬ‬ ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܘܪܝܐܝܬ‬

‫ܓܘܪ ܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬ ‫ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ‬

‫ܒܟ ܡ‬ ‫ܓܘܪܓܝܐܣ ܦܪܣ‬

‫ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‬

‫ܕܘܢܐܠܕ ܡ‪ .‬ܘܐܠܬܪ‬ ‫ܔܝܠܝܐܢ ܓܪܝܢܒܝܪܓ‬ ‫ܐܝܪܝܟ ܛܐܠܝ‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܡܦܚܡܢܝ ܫܫܠܬܐ‬

‫ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬

‫ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܒܪ ܘܐܠܬܪ ܕܒܝܬ ܝܘܟܝܠ‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕ ̈‬ ‫ܢܫܐ‬