The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation: Ezekiel 9781463204785, 1463204787

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THE ANTIOCH BIBLE

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

Ezekiel

Ṣurath Kthobh

Editors George A. Kiraz Andreas Juckel

The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation

Ezekiel

English Translation by

Gillian Greenberg Donald English Translation by

M. Walter Text Prepared by

Gillian Greenberg

George A. Kiraz

Text Prepared by

Donald M. Walter Joseph Bali George Anton Kiraz Joseph Bali

9

34 2015

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2015 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

2015

‫ܕ‬

ISBN 978-1-4632-0478-5

Printed in the United States of America

9

My Students

With thanks for all the delight of teaching them, and for all that they have taught me

Otto A. Piper

Gillian Greenberg

A brilliant lecturer and host for weekly Graduate Student Teas

Donald M. Walter

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................. vii Foreword to the Edition ........................................................................ ix By George A. Kiraz Making of the Text .................................................................................. ix Orthographic Diversions from Mosul .................................................. xi Text Organization ................................................................................... xii Acknowledgements................................................................................ xiii

Abbreviations ......................................................................................... xv Introduction to the Translation ......................................................... xvii By Gillian Greenberg and Donald M. Walter The Peshiṭta ........................................................................................... xvii The Book of Ezekiel.............................................................................. xix Notes ........................................................................................................ xx Translation Technique............................................................................ xx Addenda ................................................................................................ xxvi Addendum 1: Mistranslation ............................................................. xxvii Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions ......................................... xxxiv Addendum 3: Deliberate changes from the Hebrew introduced by P ......................................................................... xxxv

Appendix 1: Versification ................................................................ xxxix Appendix 2: Variant Readings ............................................................. xli Appendix 3: Names ................................................................................. li Common Syriac proper names................................................................ li Replacements ............................................................................................. li Initial Locations ........................................................................................ li Medial Locations ...................................................................................... lii Final Locations ........................................................................................ liii Translation ............................................................................................... liii Transliterations ........................................................................................ liii

Appendix 4: Terminology ...................................................................... lv Bibliography .......................................................................................... lxiii Lexica and Dictionaries ........................................................................ lxiii Reference texts ...................................................................................... lxiii

VII

VIII

Table of Contents General Interest .................................................................................... lxiii

Text and Translation ............................................................................... 1

FOREWORD TO THE EDITION BY GEORGE A. KIRAZ The primary objective of this edition is twofold: to provide a reliable text for scholars and students who are looking for a fully vocalized Syriac text, and to make available to religious communities, for whom this text is sacred, an English translation that can be used in various religious and cultural settings. As such, one had to navigate carefully between rigid scholarly principles and practical editorial choices. Making of the Text The current edition provides a West Syriac version of the 1887–91 Peshiṭta Mosul text. 1 While the Mosul text was prepared based on second millennium manuscripts, its text is substantially attested by manuscripts belonging to the first millennium. As ancient MSS are hardly vocalized, our text relies on the vocalization of the Mosul edition. In addition to full vocalization, our text is supplemented with complete Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing and other orthographic markings, keeping in mind the general orthographic principles adopted by Pusey and Gwilliam in their 1901 Tetraeuangelium. 2 Hence, while the consonantal tier is substantially ancient, the vocalism and orthographic tiers are quite late. As the Mosul edition did not fully mark Rukkākhā and Quššāyā, these points were added and a regular expression 3 was applied to the text to 1 Clemis Joseph David (ed.), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, 3 volumes, with an introduction by Sebastian P. Brock (Piscataway, NJ, 2010), a reprint of the Mosul 1887– 91 edition titled ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ‬. 2 P. E. Pusey and G. H. Gwilliam, Tetraeuangelium Sanctum, the Fourfold Holy Gospel in the Peshitta Syriac Version with Critical Apparatus, with an introduction by Andreas Juckel (Piscataway, NJ, 2003), a reprint of the 1901 edition. 3 In computing, a regular expression provides a mechanism with which strings of text can be matched with a search criterion. In most notations, a bracket expression matches a single character inside that bracket (e.g., [ab] matches a single a or b). The exclamation mark denotes negation. Hence, the expression [bgdkpt][!RQ] (where R and Q represent the

IX

X

Foreword to the Edition

ensure that all bgādkpāt letters are marked. When the consonantal orthography, and in many cases the vocalic orthography, of East and West Syriac diverged, use was made of Lee’s 1823 edition 4 as well as linguistic resources including Audo, 5 Brockelmann, 6 Margoliouth, 7 and Smith. 8 As for Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing, analogies were made internally within other Mosul readings, and externally with the Pusey and Gwilliam New Testament text, making use of my Concordance 9 as a tool and the guidelines presented in my introduction to spirantization. 10 The Mbaṭṭlānā and Marhṭānā were added systematically following current orthographic conventions, but the Mhaggyānā, Nāgudā, and Mṭappyānā, all ubiquitous in the Mosul text, were removed as they are alien to West Syriac orthography. 11 The text was then collated against existing collations, most notably the Leiden apparatus. It was interesting to note how close the Mosul text was to the readings of the manuscripts of the first millennium, in itself a testimony to the faithfulness of second millennium manuscripts, upon which Mosul was based, to the earlier text. Leiden and Mosul differed in ca. 203 readings; i.e., ca. 1.28 variants per chapter. In other words, 98.9% of the Mosul readings are identical with the readings of Leiden. As for the 203 variant readings, in 67% of the time, the Mosul text was supported by a reading from the first millennium, and 33% of the time, the Mosul text was supported by a pre-7a1 manuscript. As for the distributin of the variants, 18% are lexical, 28% morphological, 29% pertaining to bdwl prefixes, 21% are additions/omission, and 3% are transpositions. Appendix 2 gives the variants of our text against the Leiden edition.

Rukkākhā and Quššāyā points, respectively) will match a single bgādkpāt letter that is not followed by a Rukkākhā or Quššāyā point. When this search fails, all bgādkpāt letters have been pointed (regardless of accuracy of course). 4 S. Lee, Vetus et Novum Testamentum Syriace (London, 1823). 5 T. Audo, ‫( ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ‬Mosul, 1897). 6 C. Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum (1928). 7 J. P. Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1903). 8 P. Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1818–1895). 9 G. A. Kiraz, A Computer Generated Concordance to the Syriac New Testament, 6 volumes (Leiden, 1993). 10 G. A. Kiraz, Introduction to Syriac Spirantization, Rukkâkâ and Quššâyâ (Losser, 1995). 11 On these symbols, see C. J. David, Grammaire de la Langue Araméenne, 2 volumes, (Mosul, 2nd ed., 1896) §62, §67; G. Kiraz, Tūrrāṣ Mamllā, A Grammar of the Syriac Language, Volume I Orthography (Gorgias Press, 2012) §§205–208.

Foreword to the Edition

XI

Orthographic Diversions from Mosul In terms of the consonantal tier, the present text differs orthographically from the Mosul text in two ways. Firstly, it intentionally replaces early Syriac orthographic conventions, most of which are also preserved in the East Syriac Mosul text, with West Syriac ones. 12 For example, Mosul ‫( ܳܓܪ‬perf. 3rd fem. pl.) is replaced in the present edition with ‫ ܳܓ� ̱ܝ‬adding seyāme and the suffix ‫( ܝ‬23:37); Mosul ‫ ܘܢܚܐ‬is replaced with ‫ ܘܢܐܚܐ‬adding medial ‫( ܐ‬3:18); ܺ Mosul ‫ ܪܫ‬is replaced with ‫ ܪܝܫ‬adding ‫( ܝ‬10:1). Secondly, as one of the objectives of the present edition is to provide a functional text for religious communities, it was necessary to be systematic and to provide the reader with a standardized orthography. Hence, many ܰ contractionsܰ were systematically separated; e.g., ‫ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ‬was chosen over ܽ Mosul ‫( ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘ‬38:17). MS evidence and/or Lee’s edition and the Urmia edition give support to most, if not all, of these changes. As for the vocalic tier, the present text differs from the Mosul text in a number of ways. ܿ ܰ E. Syr. ◌ܼ was generally converted to the corresponding W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. Syriac orthographies vary. ܵ ܳ E. Syr. ◌ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except when followed ܰ ܵ ܳ ܰ‫( ܝ‬4:6). by ‫ ܘ‬in which case it became ◌ ; e.g., E. Syr. ‫ ܵܝܘܡܐ‬vs. W. Syr. ‫ܘܡܐ‬ This also applies to nominal forms when followed by an enclitic demonstrative pronoun. ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܸ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. orthographies vary. ܺ ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܹ was mapped to either ◌ or ◌ depending on the phonoܶ ‫ ܺܪ‬for M ‫( ܹܪ ܹܫܗ‬17:22). logical, morphological or lexical context; e.g. ‫ܝܫܗ‬ ܶ Additionally, a ◌ was added in medial ‫ ܐ‬positions marked in Mosul with a ܶ ܶ ܰ ‫ܬ‬ Mhaggyānā; e.g. ‫ܐܡܪ‬ ݂ ‫ ܘܢ‬for M ‫( ܘ ܸܢܬ ̱ܐ ܿ ܼܡܪ‬13:12).ܺ ܿ E. Syr. ‫ ܼܝ‬was converted to W. Syr. ‫◌ܝ‬, while E. Syr. ‫ ܘ‬and ‫ ܼܘ‬were ܽ collapsed into W. Syr. ‫◌ܘ‬. The choice was made to place the vowel on the consonant preceding the matres lectionis.

12 On orthography, see L. Van Rompay, ‘Some Preliminary Remarks on the Origins of Classical Syriac as a Standard Language. The Syriac Version of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History’, in G. Goldenberg and S. Raz (eds.), Semitic and Cushitic Studies (Wiesbaden, 2004), 70–89; S. P. Brock, ‘Some Diachronic Features of Classical Syriac’, in M. F. J. Baasten and W. Th. Van Peursen (eds.), Hamlet on the Hill. Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T. Muraoka on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Louvain, 2003), 95– 111.

XII

Foreword to the Edition

Metathesis was applied to the sequence ‚V resulting in V‚. In C‚Vinitial stems prefixed with bdwl letters, this led to further vocalization changes on the prefixes. In some cases, ܽ ܽ ܰ this even leads to changes in ̈ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ݁ fricatization; e.g ‫ ܘ�ܘܦܢܐ‬for Mosul ‫( ܘ�ܘܦܢܐ‬10:13). In a few cases, we departed from the BFBS edition regarding ܳ ݁ ‫ ܰܣ‬and ‫ ܰܪ ݁ܒ‬, all presented here with Qūššāyā against the fricatization: ‫ܝܦܐ‬ BFBS edition. In such cases, MSS of the Mašlmānūthā (Masora) were our guide. The Mbaṭṭlānā was applied in the present text following the Pusey and Gwilliam tradition but with further extensions following contemporary orthographic conventions. A number of verbs derived from the root ‫ܝܗܒ‬ appear in M with a Mbaṭṭlānā which has been removed in this edition. With regards to the vocalization of proper nouns, the BFBS was followed whenever possible. For cases not found in the BFBS, the vocalization was based first on MSS of the Mašlmānūthā (primarily BL Add 12,178) and then on the Walton polyglot. Only a few readings in Mosul were rejected, most of which seem to be typographical errors: Here M ܳ ܳ ܰ 2:8 ‫ܡܪܡܪܢ‬ ‫ܡܪܡܪܢ‬ ܳ ܳ 20:47 ‫ܠܓ ݁ܪܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܓ ݂ܪܒܝܐ‬ ݂ܰ ݂ܰ ܵ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ݁ 40:20 (‫ ) ݂ܓ‬13 ‫ܓܪܒ�ܝ ̇ܗ‬ ‫݁ ܰܓܪܒ�ܝ ̇ܗ‬ ݂ܳ In addition, ܳ Mosul has anܶ error in 23:35 where the first six words of ܽ ܰ ܶ the verse, ‫ ܥܰܠ‬:‫ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‬, are missing. These were restored from the Leiden edition as they appear in all early manuscripts. Text Organization The division of the text into chapters and verses is a recent Western phenomenon. Early manuscripts divided the texts into chapters, called in Syriac ‫ܩܦ�ܘܢ‬, abbreviated ‫ܩܦ‬, or ‫ܨܚܚܐ‬, abbreviated ‫ܨܚ‬. Having said that, ancient manuscripts do not always follow a systematic approach in these chapter divisions. The present text follows the recent Western division of chapters, naming each chapter in Syriac ‫ܩܦ�ܘܢ‬. Ancient Syriac chapter divisions are given in the outer margin preceded by the abbreviation ‫ ܨܚ‬for ܳ (they correspond to Roman numerals in the English translation). ‫ܨܚ ܳܚܐ‬ 13 This is a clear case of a typographical error where the number of supralinear and sublinear dots are correct, but the wrong dots are used. Probably the following combination ܿ was intended ‫( ݁ ܼܓ‬still, two supralinear dots and one sublinear dot).

Foreword to the Edition

XIII

These were provided by Adam Kane based on MS Pocock 391 (Oxford). The present edition follows the Mosul versification. Ancient manuscripts vary in the application of punctuation marks. The punctuation presented here follows the Mosul punctuation faithfully. Acknowledgements

Andreas Juckel, my co-editor in the Ṣurath Kthob series, played a major role in setting the textual policies of the edition. I am personally grateful to my wife Christine and three children: Tabetha Gabriella, Sebastian Kenoro, and Lucian Nurono. It is hoped that the current edition will be a motivation for further texts and translations of the Syriac Biblical tradition, and will stimulate the use of the Peshiṭta in educational and religious settings.

ABBREVIATIONS ASV BCE CE com. ed. e.g. fem. i.e. IHC impf IO ISC JPS lit. M masc. MS MSS MT om. P part. pl. pr. sing. v. vol.

American Standard Version (1901) Before the Common Era Common Era common editor, edition exempli gratia feminine id est Inner-Hebrew Corruption imperfect Index Orthographicus Inner-Syriac Corruption Jessie Payne Smith, A Compendious Syriac Dictionary (1903) literally Mosul masculine manuscript manuscripts Masoretic Text omit Peshiṭta participle plural prior, before singular verse volume

√

Root (see the appropriate dictionary listed in the Bibliography for citations such as √II)

1st 2nd 3rd

first person second person third person

XV

INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION BY GILLIAN GREENBERG AND DONALD M. WALTER The Peshiṭta The Peshiṭta, the Syriac translation of the Hebrew Bible, was made in Edessa in the second century CE. Most students of this text believe that it was translated not by a single man but by members of a ‘Peshiṭta school’. These translators wrote for Syriac speakers who wanted to read the Bible in their own tongue: so their task was to produce a text which read well, not as a stilted literal rendering of the source document, but which was at the same time a faithful translation of the Hebrew Vorlage. Whether the translators were Jews or Christians is a much debated question to which there is as yet no universally accepted answer. Some modern scholars believe that both Jews and Christians were involved: according to this theory, the work began at a time when the community in which the Peshiṭta school was based was still Jewish. Soon, however, the young Christian church in the area gained strength and followers, with the result that the community converted to Christianity: thus it is possible that the work was begun by Jews and completed by Christians. Even given that a number of translators were involved, a work of this length and importance must have taken many decades to complete, so such a development is plausible. Whatever the uncertainties, one thing is clear: the Peshiṭta has stood the test of time. We hope that our work will make the pleasure of reading it available to yet more readers. There are some additional points with regard to P-Ezekiel which do merit particular mention. First, the Hebrew text has evidently been poorly preserved: it is sometimes obscure, includes many technical expressions, and a number of hapax legomena; all of these elements will undoubtedly have added to the difficulty of producing the Peshiṭta. The Peshiṭta, as we have seen in earlier volumes, is usually remarkably close to the Hebrew, but these difficult passages have apparently caused the translator to deviate further from the details of his Vorlage than was his customary practice. XVII

XVIII

Introduction to the Translation

It is inappropriate in a work such as this to comment on all the places at which the Peshiṭta differs from the Hebrew, especially as these are usually restricted to small portions of the text and do not often affect the overall meaning. At some passages, we have indicated these differences in some detail (in our Addenda): we have done this where the meaning is significantly different from that of the Hebrew, 1 where there seems to be evidence of inner-Hebrew or inner-Syriac corruption, or where there is a possibility of simple translational error. 2 Some striking examples of these Hebrew-Syriac differences justify individual mention here. The translator evidently had difficulty in establishing consistent workable equivalents of the Hebrew terms for some of the technical vocabulary in the account of the details of the measurements and structure of the temple in 40:1–43:17. 3 The temple vision is thought by some to be a subconscious reflection of a real structure, as there are similarities between some parts and an excavated gate from Megiddo. Some have suggested that this vision of the Temple existed independently and was added to the book. The originality of some of the associated later chapters, dealing with the allotment of the land and the regulation of measures, has been questioned, although these matters were well known concerns of the priestly tradition. Difficulties also abound in the Song of the Sword in chapter 21, where the original form of the Hebrew is doubtful at a number of points. Considerable editing is evident in MT, to such an extent that some phrases are meaningless, some of the Hebrew appears ungrammatical, and even the original identity of the speaker, whether God or the prophet, is in doubt. One verse may suffice as an illustration: in MT 21:17 (P 21:12) ‫מגורי‬ ‫ אל־חרב היו את־עמי לכן ספק אל־ירך‬perhaps ‘terrors of the sword will be upon my people, therefore smite the thigh’ is omitted altogether by P. Sometimes, the divergence from the Hebrew seems to be deliberate. The translator may change the tense, as at 39:29 where the Hebrew ‫אשר‬ ‫‘ שפכתי את־רוחי על־בית ישׂראל נאם אדני יהוה‬for I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel, says the Lord God’ is rendered with a more explicit message of hope sustained into the future ‫ܐ� ܐܫܘܕ ܪܘܚܝ ܥܠ ܟܠܗ‬ 1 Sometimes the changes were made deliberately, but sometimes simply to make sense of a difficult Hebrew text. See our comments which preface the Addenda. 2 Extensive lists of additions and omissions or changes in word order are available in a downloadable file obtainable from Gorgias Press. 3 See our Appendix 4 for a table showing our translation of some of the technical terms and what the Peshiṭta and MT have.

Introduction to the Translation

XIX

‫ܒܝܬ ܝܣܪܝܠ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܐ ܡ�ܘܬܐ‬

‘I shall pour out my spirit upon the whole house of Israel, says the Lord of lords’. In a number of passages, the translator changes the person, sometimes apparently to make the account flow more freely, as at 1:3 where the Hebrew ‫‘ ותהי עליו שם יד־יהוה‬the hand of the Lord was upon him there’ is rendered as ‫‘ ܘܗܘܬ ܥܠܝ ܬܡܢ ܐܝܕܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ‬The hand of the Lord came upon me there’, matching the first person used in the first and fourth verses. Elsewhere, the number is changed, perhaps to add dramatic impact, as at 19:9 where the plural Hebrew ‫‘ יבאהו במצדות‬they put him in a cage’ is rendered with a singular form ‫‘ ܘܥܠܗ ܠܒܝܬ ܚܒܘܫܝܐ‬he imprisoned him’ making the king of Babylon the subject. Second, the attitude in P to ritual is illustrated in the Peshiṭta of Ezekiel. Weitzman’s reconstruction of the place and time of the writing of P shows that the prayer-cult, which enabled the religion of Israel to survive in the diaspora, was central to the Peshiṭta, 4 but that sacrifice was presented negatively. See for example 44:29 where the Hebrew lists three forms of sacrifice, the meal offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, but the latter is not listed in P; other relevant passages are mentioned in the notes to the text. The Book of Ezekiel The book opens with an account of Ezekiel’s vision of God; it then falls into three parts, denunciation and warning in chapters 2–24, the theme determined by the siege of Jerusalem; the oracles against foreign nations in chapters 25–32; and the salvation and future restoration of Israel in chapters 33–48. The literature discussing the authorship, dating, and place of writing of the book is extensive, encompassing wide differences of opinion. It is widely believed that some parts of each section go back to the prophet himself, although there is no generally accepted reconstruction of the original prophetic proclamation. A number of dates are given at the beginning of chapters or sections: these dates are mostly in chronological order, giving the impression that the book was originally written systematically. These dates range between 593 (1:2) to 571 or 570 (29:17) most falling around 588–585 BCE, the years just before and after the fall of Jerusalem in 586. Editorial work has apparently changed the order of some chapters, obscuring to some extent the original design. The opening verse 4

Weitzman, The Syriac Version of the Old Testament, ch. 5, particularly 258–259.

XX

Introduction to the Translation

places Ezekiel in the Mesopotamian diaspora, with the Judaeans exiled to Babylon. Whether he prophesied only in Babylon, or also in Jerusalem, and the duration of his domicile in each, is uncertain: the fact that some oracles were addressed to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, some to the exiles, does not prove that they were written or delivered in those places. The picture is further complicated by the accounts of Ezekiel’s transportation from one site to another. Translation Policy Our task was different from that which faced the scholars who wrote the Peshitta: our readership has different priorities. We were writing for people who want an English translation of the Syriac text, but who also want to be able to use this translation to help them follow and understand the Syriac, in which they are not at all completely fluent. With this readership in mind we had to resist the strong temptation to try to write elegant and idiomatic English; rather, our English translation adheres as closely as possible to the Syriac text, facilitating a word-by-word comparison. It is not absolutely ‘literal’; for instance, word order often cannot be preserved, for to do so would result in garbled English, but it is well to the ‘literal’ end of the scale of translation technique which ranges from ‘free’ to ‘literal’. Notes The notes to the main text are of three main kinds: (i) Where a literal rendering would give unacceptable English we have shown this in the note with a freer translation in the text, e.g. ̈ − 1:5 ‫‘ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܫܐ‬like that of men’: lit. ‘like the form of the sons of men’. (ii) Where more than one translation would be correct we have given the alternative, e.g. − 2:5 ‫‘ ܟܒܪ ܢܫܡܥܘܢ ܘܢܙܘܥܘܢ‬Perhaps they will listen and tremble’ or ‘… be moved’. (iii) To indicate that further details are given in an Addendum or an Appendix. Translation Technique 1. Consistency: we have translated consistently as far as possible. Sometimes, however, (i) a Syriac word may have more than one meaning, and the choice for one context may be wrong for another. Sometimes, (ii) one English word correctly translates more than one Syriac word. The more important examples include: (i) A Syriac word has more than one meaning, e.g.

Introduction to the Translation

‫‘ ܐܒܕ‬destroy/perish/come to naught’: − 5:17 ‫ܘܐܫܕܪ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ ܟܦܢܐ … ܘܐܘܒܕܟܘܢ‬

XXI

‘I shall send famine upon you …and destroy you’. ̈ − 7:26 ‫‘ ܘܢܡܘܣܐ ܢܐܒܕ ܡܢ ܟܗܢܐ‬law will perish from the priests’. − 12:22 ‫‘ ܘܢܐܒܕ ܟܠܗ ܚܙܘܐ‬every vision will come to naught’. ̈ ‫‘ ܒܢܝܐ‬children/sons’: ̈ − 2:3 ‫‘ ܡܫܕܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ ܥܠ ܒܢܝ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬I am sending you to the children of Israel’. ̈ ̈ − 14:16 ‫‘ ܕ� ܢܦܨܘܢ � ܠܒܢܝܐ ܘ� ܠܒܢܬܐ‬they would save neither sons nor daughters’. ‫‘ ܓܕܦ‬blaspheme/revile’: − 35:12 ‫‘ ܫܡܥܬ ܟܠܗ ܓܘܕܦܟ‬I heard all your blasphemies’. − 36:3 ‫‘ ܘܐܬܓܕܦܬܘܢ ܡܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ‬reviled by those who surround you.’ ‫‘ ܕܝܢܐ‬judgment/justice’: − 5:6 ‫‘ ܡܛܠ ܕܕܝ ̈ܢܝ ܐܣܠܝܘ‬for they despised my judgments’. − 18:5 ‫‘ ܘܢܥܒܕ ܕܝܢܐ‬and will act justly’: lit. ‘and he will do justice’. ‫‘ ܚܙܘܐ‬vision/appearance’: − 1:1 ‫‘ ܚܙܘܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ‬a vision of God’. − 1:5 ‫‘ ܘܗܢܘ ܚܙܘܗܝܢ‬their appearance’. ‫‘ ܛܘܫ‬defiled/dishonored’ (Pael): − 7:21 ‫‘ ܘܢܛܘܫܘܢܗ‬and they will defile it’. − 22:26 ‫‘ ܘܐܬܛܘܫܬ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬I am dishonored among them’. ‫‘ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬country/city. ̈ − 29:12 ‫‘ ܒܝܢܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܨ ܕܝ ̈ܢ‬among the deserted countries’. ܿ ̈ − 29:12 �‫‘ ܘܢܗܘܝܢ ܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܗ ܠܚܒ‬Its cities will be desolate’. ‫‘ ܢܘܟܪܝܐ‬foreigner/stranger’: − 7:21 ‫‘ ܘܐܬܠܝܘܗܝ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܢܘܟ�ܝܐ‬I shall give it into the hand of foreigners’. − 16:32 ‫‘ ܕܢܣܒܐ ܡܢ ܢܘܟ�ܝܐ‬who takes from strangers’. ‫‘ ܢܦܫܐ‬soul/life/self’: − 3:19 ‫‘ ܘܐܢܬ ܢܦܫܟ ܬܦܨܐ‬and you will save your soul’. ܿ − 16:5 ‫‘ ܒܥܫܝܩܘܬܗ ܕܢܦܫܟܝ‬your life judged worthless’. − 34:8 ‫‘ ܪܥܘ �ܥܘܬܐ ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬but fed themselves’: lit. ‘the shepherds fed themselves’. ‫‘ ܢܬܠ‬give/make’: − 7:21 ‫‘ ܘܐܬܠܝܘܗܝ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܢܘܟ�ܝܐ‬I shall give it into the hand of foreigners’. ܿ − 29:12 �‫‘ ܘܐܬܠܝܗ �ܪܥܐ ܕܡܨܪܝܢ ܠܚܒ‬I shall make the land of Egypt desolate’. ‫‘ ܣܓܕ‬worship/make obeisance’:

XXII

Introduction to the Translation − 8:16 ‫‘ ܘܣܓܕܝܢ ܠܫܡܫܐ‬worshipping the sun’. − 46:9 ‫‘ ܠܡܣܓܕ‬to make obeisance’. ‫‘ ܥܠ‬to/against/concerning’: − 2:3 ‫‘ ܥܠ ܥܡܐ ܡܪܘܕܐ‬to a rebellious people’. − 2:3 ‫‘ ܕܡܪܕܘ ܥܠܝ‬who have rebelled against me’. − 13:16 ‫‘ ܕܡܬܢܒܝܢ ܥܠ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬who prophecy concerning Jerusalem’. ‫‘ ܥܡ‬people/nation’: − 3:5 ��‫‘ ܥܠ ܥܡܐ ܥܡܝܩ ܡܡ‬a people of halting speech’. ̈ − 3:6 ‫‘ ܥܠ ܥܡܡܐ ̈ܣܓܝܐܐ‬to many nations’. �‫‘ ܩ‬sound/voice’: ̈ − 1:24 ‫‘ ܘܫܡܥܬ ܩ� ܕ ܓܦܝܗܝܢ‬I heard the sound of their wings’. − 1:24 ‫‘ ܘܐܝܟ ܩ� ܕܐܠܗܐ‬it was like the voice of God’. ‫‘ ܩܪܒ‬approach/offer: − 9:6 ‫‘ � ܬܩܪܒܘܢ‬do not approach’. − 20:28 ‫ …‘ ܘܩܪܒܘ ܬܡܢ ܩܘ�ܒܢܝܗܘܢ‬brought their offerings there’. ‫‘ ܪܘܚܐ‬wind/spirit/direction’. − 1:4 ��‫‘ ܪܘܚܐ ܕܥܠ‬whirlwind’: lit. ‘wind/spirit of a storm wind’. − 1:12 ‫‘ ܕܐܙ� ܗܘܬ ܪܘܚܐ‬as the spirit went’. − 42:16 ‫‘ ܘܡܫܚ ܠܪܘܚܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ‬He measured to the east’. √‫‘ ܪܥܐ‬shepherd/tend/feed’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘ� ܪܥܘ �ܥܘܬܐ‬the shepherds − 34:8 ‫ܠܥܢܝ ܐ� ܪܥܘ �ܥܘܬܐ ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ did not tend my sheep but fed themselves’. ‫‘ ܫܕܐ‬pour out/shed’: − 7:3 ‫‘ ܕܐܫܘܕ ܥܠܝܟܝ ܪܘܓܙܝ‬I shall pour out my anger upon you’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܕܝܢܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ‬the judgment of those who shed − 16:38 ‫ܕܐܫܕܢ ܕܡܐ‬ blood’. √‫‘ ܫܠܡ‬peace/deliver: − 7:25 ‫‘ ܘܢܒܥܘܢ ܫܠܡܐ‬they will seek for peace’. − 11:9 ‫‘ ܘܐܫܠܡܟܘܢ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܢܘܟ�ܝܐ‬I shall deliver you into the hands of foreigners’. (Aphel). ‫‘ ܫܡܥ‬hear/listen/obey’: ̈ − 1:24 ‫‘ ܘܫܡܥܬ ܩ� ܕ ܓܦܝܗܝܢ‬I heard the sound of their wings’. − 2:5 ‫‘ ܟܒܪ ܢܫܡܥܘܢ‬Perhaps they will listen’. − 20:8 ‫‘ ܘ� ܨܒܘ ܠܡܫܡܥ‬they did not choose to obey (me).

Introduction to the Translation

XXIII

Syriac particles, prepositions, 5 and conjunctions have a number of different meanings, determined by the context. An obvious example is ‫ܘ‬ waw conjunctive: ̈ ‫‘ ܘܚܙܝܬ‬I saw the living creatures ̈ ‫ܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܗܐ‬ − 1:15 ‘and’: �‫ܓܝܓ‬ — and see! wheels’. The first waw has been left untranslated: this Syriac usage, as in an introduction to a verse or a phrase, often jars in English. The second, however, has been rendered as it adds to the drama of the phrase. We recognize that there is inevitably a subjective element in such decisions. ̈ − 5:7 ‘yet’: ‫‘ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܝ � ܗܠܟܬܘܢ‬yet you did not obey my commandments’. ̈ − 5:7 ‘but’: ‫‘ ܘܥܒܕܬܘܢ ܕܝ ̈ܢܐ ܕܥܡܡܐ‬but observed the judgments of the nations’. − 7:12 ‘nor’: ‫‘ ܘܕܡܙܒܢ � ܬܟܪܐ ܠܗ‬nor the seller be sad’. − 12:6 ‘so that’: ‫‘ ܘ� ܬܚܙܐ �ܪܥܐ‬so that you do not see the ground’. (ii) one English word correctly translates more than one Syriac word, e.g. ‘bring to naught’ translates ‫ ܐܒܕ‬and ‫ܒܛܠ‬. − 12:22 ‫‘ ܘܢܐܒܕ ܟܠܗ ܚܙܘܐ‬every vision will come to naught’. − 12:23 ‫‘ ܡܒܛܠ ܐܢܐ ܠܗ ܠܡܬ� ܗܢܐ‬I shall bring to naught this proverb’. ‘destroy’ translates ‫ ܚܒܠ‬and ‫ܐܒܕ‬. − 5:16 ‫‘ ܕܐܫܕܪ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܡܚܒܠܘܬܟܘܢ‬I shall send them to destroy you’. − 5:17 ‫‘ ܘܐܫܕܪ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ ܟܢܦܐ … ܘܐܘܒܕܟܘܢ‬I shall send famine upon you … and destroy you’. ‘field’ translates �‫ ܚܩ‬and ‫ܕܒܪܐ‬. ̈ − 29:5 �‫‘ ܐܦܝ ܚܩ‬the open field’: lit. ‘the face of the field’. − 29:5 ‫‘ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܕܕܒܪܐ‬to the beast(s) of the field’. ‘heal’ translates √‫ ܐܣܐ‬and ‫ܚܠܡ‬. − 30:21 ‫‘ ܕܬܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܐܣܝܘܬܐ‬so that it will heal’: lit. ‘so that there will be healing for it’. − 30:21 ‫‘ ܘ� ܢܬܚܠܡ‬it will not be healed’. ‘lie/lie down’ translates ‫ ܫܟܒ‬and ‫ܪܒܥ‬. − 32:28 ‫‘ ܒܝܢܬ ܥܘ� � ܬܫܟܒ‬you will lie down among the uncircumcised’. − 34:14 ‫‘ ܢ�ܒܥܢ ܒܕܝܪܐ ܛܒܐ‬they will lie down in a good sheepfold’. 5

The preposition ‫ ܥܠ‬has been illustrated above.

XXIV

Introduction to the Translation

‘scatter’ translates ‫ ܕܪܐ‬and ‫ܒܕܪ‬. − 12:14 ‫‘ ܐܕܪܐ ܠܟܠ ܪܘܚ‬I shall scatter to the four winds’. ̈ − 12:15 ‫‘ ܕܒܕܪܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܝܬ ܥܡܡܐ‬for I have scattered them abroad among the nations’. ‘slay’ translates ‫ ܚܪܒ‬and ‫ܩܛܠ‬. − 6:7 ‫‘ ܘܢܦܠܘܢ ܚ�ܝܒܐ‬The slain will fall’. ̈ − 6:13 ‫‘ ܩܛܝܠܝܗܘܢ ܒܝܢܬ ܦܬܟ�ܝܗܘܢ‬their slain lie among their idols’. ‘be strong’ translates ‫ ܚܝܠ‬and ‫ܥܫܢ‬. − 30:24 ‫‘ ܘܐܚܝܠ ܕ�ܥܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܒܠ‬I shall strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon’. − 30:25 ‫‘ ܘܐܥܫܢ ܕ�ܥܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܒܠ‬I shall strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon’. ‘sword’ translates ‫ ܚܪܒܐ‬and ‫ܣܝܦܐ‬. − 5:12 ‫‘ ܒܚܪܒܐ ܢܦܠܘܢ‬will fall by the sword’. − 5:12 ‫‘ ܘܣܝܦܐ ܢܚܪܘܒ ܒܬܪܗܘܢ‬the sword will follow them, laying waste’. 2. Syriac Usage. There are many points of Syriac grammar, syntax, or idiom where a literal translation would give unacceptable English. Some important examples follow. (i) 1:3 ‫ ܗܘܐ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܥܠ ܚܙܩܝܐܝܠ‬lit. ‘The word of the Lord was to Ezekiel’ rendered as ‘The word of the Lord came to Ezekiel’. So passim. (ii) The verb ‘to say’, e.g. 3:16 ‫‘ ܦܬܓܡܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ‬the word of the Lord … saying’: this infinitive construct is regularly used to translate MT ‫‘ לאמר‬to say’ or ‘saying’. (iii) Syriac tense/aspect The participle: (a) often functions as an imperfect, sometimes best understood as a future tense, and makes better English if rendered in this way, e.g. 3:27 ‫ܘܡܐ‬ ‫ ܕܡܡܠܠ ܐܢܐ ܥܡܟ ܦܬܚ ܐܢܐ ܦܘܡܟ‬lit. ‘And when I am speaking with you I am opening your mouth’, rendered as ‘When I speak with you I shall open your mouth’. (b) could often equally well be rendered as an English infinitive, e.g. 22:30 ‫‘ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܣܐܓ ܣܝܓܐ ܘܩܐܡ ܒܬܘܪܥܬܐ‬a man who would build a fence, who would stand in the breach’ or ‘a man to build a fence, to stand in the breach’. (c) is often used for the perfect of the verb ‫‘ ܐܡܪ‬to say’ e.g. 4:13 ‫ܐܡܪ‬ ‫‘ ܡܪܝܐ‬The Lord said’. It is much less often used as a perfect of other verbs.

Introduction to the Translation

XXV

(d) when followed by the verb ‫ ܗܘܐ‬in the perfect, indicates the continuous past, e.g. 1:14 ‫ �ܗ�ܢ ̈ܗܘܝ‬lit. ‘were running’ (translated as ‘ran’). The imperfect: When used with a negative the imperfect functions as a negative ̈ imperative, e.g. 2:6 ‫‘ � ܬܕܚܠ ܡܢ ܡܠܝܗܘܢ‬you should not fear their words or ‘do not fear their words’. (iv) Questions in MT are often rendered without interrogative words in Syriac, leaving it to the reader to decide whether to understand a question or a statement, e.g. − 11:13 ‫‘ ܣܘܦܢܐ ܥܒܕ ܐܢܬ ܠܫܪܟܗ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ‬You have made an end of the remnant of Israel’. MT ‫כלה אתה עשׂה את שארית ישׂראל‬ too has no indication that this is a question, but the context shows that it should be. − 18:25 ‫‘ ܐܘ�ܚܬܝ ܕܝܠܝ ܫܦܝ�ܢ ܐܢܝܢ‬my ways are fair’. MT ‫הדרכי לא‬ ‫‘ יתכן‬is my way not fair?’ includes the interrogative particle. − 20:3 ‫‘ ܠܡܫܐܠܘܬܢܝ ܐܬܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ‬Do you come to inquire of me?’ or ‘You come to inquire of me’. MT ‫הלדרש אתי אתם באים‬ includes the interrogative particle. (v) Singular and Plural: (a) abstract nouns are often written as plurals in Syriac where English idiom requires singular forms, e.g. ̈ ̈ ‫ ̈ܩܝܢܬܐ‬rendered as ‘wailing, lamentation, − 2:10 ‫ܘܚܫܒܬܐ ܘܐܘܠܝܬܐ‬ and mourning’. ̈ − 32:23 ‫ ܒܫܦܘܠܝ ܓܘܒܐ‬rendered as ‘in the lowest part of the pit’. (b) a singular Syriac noun may require an English plural, e.g. − 1:17 ‫ ܘ�ܬܪܐ ܕܦܢܝܐ ܗܘܬ ܪܫܝܬܗܘܢ‬rendered as ‘to the place where they turned their heads’. − 6:9 ‫ ܡܐ ܕܬܒܪܬ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܙܢܝܐ‬rendered as ‘when I have broken their wanton hearts’. − 32:13 ‫ ܪܓ� ܕܒܪܢܫܐ … ܦܪܣܬܐ ܕܒܥܝܪܐ‬rendered as ‘feet of men … hooves of beasts’. (vi) Attributive genitive, e.g. − 20:39 ‫‘ ܫܡܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܝ‬my holy name’ lit. ‘the name of my holiness’. (vii) ‫ܕܠܡܐ‬: This combination of ‫ܕ‬, ‫ܠ‬, and ‫ ܡܐ‬is idiomatically used to introduce a question to which the expected answer is ‘no’, e.g. − 8:17 ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ ܙܥܘܪܝܐ ܗܝ ܠܕܒܝܬ ܝܗܘܕܐ‬Is it a little thing, to those of the house of Judah …’. − 18:13 ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ ܚܝܐ � ܢܚܐ‬shall he indeed live?’. − 28:3 ‫‘ ܕܠܡܐ ܚܟܝܡ ܐܢܬ ܡܢ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ‬Are you wiser than Daniel?’.

XXVI

Introduction to the Translation

(viii) Additions Some words in our translation have no equivalent in the Syriac text. These additions fall into two groups: (a) we added words shown with parentheses to make clearer sense, e.g. ̈ − 1:7 �‫‘ ܐܝܟ ܦ�ܣܬܐ ܕܥܓ‬like the soles of calves’ (feet). (b) Words not bracketed, added to fit better in English idiom, e.g. − 1:26 ‫‘ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܘܬܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܚܙܘܐ ܕܒܪܢܫܐ‬it seemed that there was a form, like the appearance of a man’. (ix) English ‘again’. This is usually rendered in the Peshiṭta of Ezekiel with ‫‘ ܬܘܒ‬again’ but also with verbs such as ‫‘ ܗܦܟ‬turn/return’ which when directly preceding another verb can have the adverbial force ‘again’ or ‫ܐܙܠ‬ ‘go’. 6 − 3:11 ‫‘ ܘܙܠ ܥܘܠ‬Go again’ lit. ‘Go, enter’. − 8:15 ‫‘ ܬܘܒ ܬܗܦܘܟ ܬܚܙܐ‬You will return again, you will see …’. − 8:17 ‫‘ ܘܗܦܟܘ ܠܡܪܓܙܘܬܢܝ‬they anger me again’ lit. ‘they returned to anger me’. − 36:12 ‫ � ܬܘܣܦܘܢ ܠܡܬܓܙܝܘ‬lit. ‘you will not add to being bereaved’ or ‘you will not again be bereaved’ rendered as ‘you will no longer be bereaved’. (x) ‫ܐܢ‬: In making a statement this conjunction means ‘not’, e.g. ̈ ‫‘ ܐܢ ܩܐܡ ܠܒܟܝ ܘܐܢ‬Your heart will not − 22:14 ‫ܡܚܡܣܢܢ ܐܝܕܝ ̈ܟܝ‬ endure, your hands will not be strong’. (xi) the pronoun with a participle may be repeated, perhaps for emphasis, e.g. − 11:5 ‫‘ ܘܬ�ܥܝܬܐ ܕܪܘܚܟܘܢ ܐܢܐ ܝܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܠܗܝܢ‬indeed, I know the thoughts of your spirit’. 18F

Addenda

There are many passages where the meaning of MT is not precisely rendered in P. Apart from differences imposed by the different idioms of the two languages, there are four main explanations of these discrepancies: (i) error, (ii) Hebrew meaning obscure, (iii) inner-Syriac corruption, (iv) deliberate interpretative change. Groups (i) and (ii) are covered in Addendum 1, group (iii) in Addendum 2, and group (iv) in Addendum 3. There is inevitably a subjective element in this classification.

6 This verb when directly preceding another verb may signify an intention or a command.

Introduction to the Translation

XXVII

Addendum 1: Mistranslation

‘Mistranslation’ is used rather freely as a category, and includes examples where MT may have been ambiguous. We have sought to explain P’s readings, though we have not been able to in every case. In a very few places P may have been influenced by the LXX, although polygenesis in those cases is always possible. The references to Hebrew roots are all to Koehler Baumgartner (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 1:4

‫ܚܙܘܐ‬

‘vision’. MT ‫‘ כעין החשמל‬glowing metal’, perhaps ‘electrum’, an alloy of gold and silver. P may not have understood ‫חשמל‬, which in the Hebrew Bible occurs only in Ezekiel, so changed it to a familiar term. The presence of ‫‘ עין‬eye’ would have directed the choice of substitution. 1:14 ‫‘ ܙܝܩܬܐ‬shooting star’. MT ‫בזק‬, a hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning, possibly IHC of ‫‘ ברק‬lightning’. P has preserved two of the consonants of the Hebrew creating a translation fitting the context. 1:22 ‫‘ ܕܡܘܬܐ‬the form’. MT ‫‘ רקיע‬a firmament’. Elsewhere, e.g. at Gen 1:6, P renders ‫ רקיע‬with the cognate, and it is not clear why he does not do so here. His uncertainty has affected his rendering of later verses: in 1:23, where MT has ‫‘ ותחת הרקיע‬beneath the firmament’ P has ‫‘ ܘܬܚܘܬܘܗܝ‬beneath it’. In 1:25,26 for MT ‫ רקיע‬P gives ��‫ܡܛ‬ ‘roof/tabernacle/tent/shelter’. 1:27 ‫‘ �ܗܐ‬God’. MT ‫‘ חשמל‬electrum’. See note to 1:4. Uncertain how to translate ‫חשמל‬, P rationalizes and describes a figure, making sense of the mention of ‘loins’ and fitting well with ‘the image of the glory of the Lord’ in the next verse. 2:5 ‫‘ ܘܢܙܘܥܘܢ‬and tremble’. MT ‫‘ יחדלו‬they will cease (to listen)’. Perhaps by a kind of Syromanie, P translated with a word close in meaning to either the Syriac root ‫‘ ܕܚܠ‬to fear’, or the root ‫‘ ܕܠܚ‬to disturb’, both of which have the same root letters as the Hebrew though in a different order. 2:6 ‫‘ ܘܡܣܠܝܢ ܠܟ‬they despise you’. MT ‫‘ וסלונים‬and thorns’. P’s rendering of this rare noun was perhaps influenced by the preceding verb. He has rendered as if MT were a derivative of √‫‘ סלה‬to make light of’. 4:2 ‫‘ ܙܘܝܕܢ̈ܐ‬towers/battlements/turrets’ MT ‫כרים‬, √II ‫‘ כרר‬battering ram’, infrequently found in MT. P seems to have made a guess to fit the context. 5:7 ‫‘ ܥܠ ܕܐܬܚܫܒܬܘܢ‬Since you were esteemed’. MT ‫יען המנכם‬: probable IHC of an original ‫‘ המרתכם‬you behaved rebelliously’. P has

XXVIII

5:11

6:4 6:12

7:16 7:22 7:23

8:12

8:16

8:17

Introduction to the Translation

apparently made a guess which although acceptable in the context necessitated a further change: the contrast in ‘yet you did not … you did not’ was needed because P’s first clause is not a condemnation, as is the MT at that point. ‫‘ ܐܕܚܩܟܝ‬I shall scatter you’. MT ‫‘ אגרע‬I shall diminish/restrain’. P may have been influenced by ‫‘ אזרה‬I shall scatter’ in the next verse, or may have misread, perceiving √‫‘ זרע‬to scatter seed’. ‫‘ ܦܬܟ�ܝܟܘܢ‬your idols’. MT ‫‘ חמניכם‬your sun-images/pillars’. P made a guess to fit the context. So too 6:6. ‫‘ ܘܕܡܫܬܚܪ ܘܕܡܬܦܨܐ‬survives and is spared’. MT ‫והנשׁאר והנצור‬ ‘remains and is besieged’ (√I ‫)צור‬. P has lost the connection between a siege and death from famine. ‫‘ ܢܡܘܬܘܢ‬they will … die’. MT ‫‘ המות‬moaning’. P probably perceived √‫‘ מות‬to die’. ‫‘ ̈ܕܘܩܝ‬watchtowers’. MT ‫‘ צפוני‬my cherished place’. P did not perceive √‫‘ צפן‬to treasure up/to hide’ but √‫‘ צפה‬to keep watch’. ̈ ‫ܒ�ܒܢܐ‬ ‘with bricks’. MT ‫‘ הרתוק‬the chain’; the meaning in this context is unclear, and it is difficult to see why P rendered as he did. Possibly, P was influenced by LXX φυρμόν ‘impure mixture’ and thought of ‫‘ ܩܪܣܐ‬mixture’, a loan-word from κρᾶσις. This then evoked a Syriac word with the same consonants, ‫‘ ܩܪܣ‬to become dried up/hard/dry’, which in its turn evoked ‘brick’. Or just possibly, influenced by the LXX P used ‫‘ ܒܠܝܠ‬mixed/impure’, which became ̈ ‫ܒ�ܒܢܐ‬ as a result of ISC. Possibly, P intended to give a meaning which fitted the context, and decided on ‘bricks’ because of the theme of destruction in e.g. 7:24. Possibly, the use of ‫‘ הרתוק‬chain’ evoked the idea of a limit/boundary, which in turn gave P the idea of a brick-built structure. ‫‘ ܟܣܝܐ‬hidden’. MT ‫‘ משׂכיתו‬his imagery’. Perhaps by a kind of Syromanie, P may have understood the initial mem of the Hebrew as the first letter of a participle and then made a subconscious metathesis of sin and kaph to reach √‫ܟܣܐ‬. ‫‘ ܘܡܩܕܡܝܢ‬rising early’. MT ‫‘ קדמה‬towards the east’. P used a cognate of the Hebrew word, but has probably inadvertently changed the meaning because the Syriac root does not include the sense ‘east’ which is present in the Hebrew root. ‫‘ ܡܦܩܥܝܢ ܒܢܚܝ�ܝܗܘܢ‬snorting through their noses’: lit. ‘making a noise through their noses’. MT ‫‘ שלחים את־הזמורה אל־אפם‬sending a branch (used in idolatrous worship?) to their nose’. P did not understand the reference to the branch. He kept ‘noses’ but changed the phrase to fit the theme of anger.

Introduction to the Translation 9:2,3

9:7 11:15

13:9

13:10

13:15

16:7

16:7

16:8 16:16

16:30

7 8

̈ ̈ ‫ܘܐܣܪ‬ ‫ܒܚܨܘܗܝ‬ �‫ܚܨ ܐ ܕܣܦܝ‬

XXIX

‘he had bound his hips with a sapphire girdle’. MT ‫‘ וקסת הספר במתניו‬scribe’s palette at his waist’. P found ‫ וקסת‬unfamiliar: it occurs only in this chapter, in the Hebrew Bible. Possibly, P saw ‫‘ ספיר‬sapphire’ in MT ‫הספר‬, and decided on ‘girdle’ because he understood the Hebrew to refer to the ‘loins’. ‫‘ ܚ�ܝܒܐ‬ruined’. MT ‫‘ חללים‬slain’. P probably perceived √I ‫‘ חלל‬to profane’; √II ‫‘ חלל‬to pierce’ is probably intended. ‫‘ ܐܢܫܐ ܕܫܒܝܬܟ‬the men 7 of your exile/captivity’. MT ‫‘ אנשי גאלתך‬men of your kin’. P perceived not √‫‘ גאל‬to redeem, to act as kinsman’ but √‫‘ גלה‬to uncover, remove’. ‫‘ ܒܓܘ‬in the midst’. MT ‫‘ בסוד‬in the council/assembly’. ‫סוד‬ sometimes includes the sense of ‘a close, intimate circle’ which may have influenced P’s choice. ‫‘ ܛܪܝܢ‬they plaster’. MT ‫‘ טחים‬they coat’. Instead of using plaster, 8 a substance such as whitewash which hides defects but adds no strength has been used. ܿ ‫‘ ܐܝܟܐ ܗܝ ܐܣܬܐ ܘܐܝܟܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܛܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ‬Where is the wall? ‫ܠܗ‬ Where are those who were plastering it? MT ‫אין הקיר ואין הטחים אתו‬ ‘The wall is no more, nor they who were plastering it’. P evidently perceived not ‫ אין‬but ‫‘ איה‬where is it’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܥܠܬܝ‬you entered the cities’. MT ‫ותבאי בעדי עדיים‬ ‫ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ‬ literally ‘you entered an ornament of ornaments’. P read rīsh for dālath in ‫בעדי‬, and omitted any rendering of ‫עדיים‬. ‫‘ ܘܥܪܝܬ‬and cold’. MT ‫‘ ועריה‬and bare’. So too 16:22, 23:29. P used the cognate of the Hebrew word, but has presumably inadvertently changed the meaning, since the Syriac root does not include the sense ‘bare’ which is present in the Hebrew root. ‫‘ ܐܝܕܝ‬my hand’. MT ‫‘ כנפי‬my skirt’. P read ‫ כפי‬for ‫כנפי‬. ̈ �‫‘ � ܬܥܠܝܢ ܘ‬You will not bring (them) in, they will not ‫ܢܗܘܝܢ ܕܝܠܟܝ‬ be yours’. MT ‫ לא באות ולא יהיה‬is difficult, perhaps ‘(things like this) shall not happen, nor will it be (so). P has guessed and given a rendering which gives some approach to sense in the context. ‫‘ ܡܢܐ ܐܕܘܢ ܠܒܪܬܟܝ‬Why should I acquit your daughter’. MT ‫מה אמלה‬ ‫ לבתך‬perhaps ‘How weak is your heart’. P perceived not ‫‘ לבב‬heart’ but ‫‘ בת‬daughter’ in the Hebrew.

‘men’ is singular in P, but is used here, as often, as a collective. No matter what P may have thought, plaster does not actually add strength.

Introduction to the Translation

XXX

16:36

16:41

17:3

17:5

17:21

19:7

19:10

20:26

21:21

‫ܢܚܫܟܝ‬

‘your brass’; with different vocalisation this would read ‘your divination’. MT ‫‘ נחשתך‬your female modesty, shame’. The etymology of this Hebrew word is uncertain. In Hebrew, as in Syriac, roots with the same radicals include the meanings ‘bronze’ and ‘divination’. ‫‘ ܘܢܘܩܕܘܢܟܝ ܒܓܘ ܢܘܪܐ‬They will burn you in a fierce fire’ (lit. ‘… in the midst of a fire’). MT ‫‘ ושׂרפו בתיך באש‬They will burn your houses with fire’. P apparently perceived not ‫‘ בתיך‬your houses’ but ‫‘ בתוך‬in the midst of’. ̈ ‘its talons laden, thickly feathered’: lit. ‫ܘܡܠܝܢ ܛܦ�ܘܗܝ ܘܥܒܝܛ ܡܠܓܗ‬ ‘its talons were full, and thick were his plucked-out feathers’. MT ‫מלא‬ ‫‘ הנוצה אשׁר־לו הרקמה‬full plumage, richly patterned (literally variegated)’. P may not have understood the description of the feathers. ܿ ‫ܘܣܡܗ ܠܕܘܩܐ‬ ‘guarded it’: lit. ‘set a watchman for it’. MT ‫צפצפה שׂמו‬ a willow tree he set it’. ‫‘ צפצפה‬a kind of willow tree’ occurs only here in MT. P has guessed from the context. ‫‘ ܚܐ�ܘܗܝ … ܩ�ܝܒܘܗܝ‬his noblemen … his neighbors’. MT … ‫מברחיו‬ ‫‘ אגפיו‬his fugitives … his troops’. For ‫מברחו‬, just possibly, by understanding the initial mem and beth as particles, and then a subconscious metathesis, P perceived √I ‫‘ חר‬free’ which includes the meaning ‘the noble ones’. ‫ אגפיו‬would have been unfamiliar: in the Hebrew Bible, the noun occurs only in Ezekiel. ‫‘ ܘܗܠܟ ܒܥܘܫܢܗ‬He prowled in his strength’. MT ‫ וידע אלמנותיו‬literally ‘He knew his widows’. The text of MT is likely the result of miscopying in its transmission. In ‫אלמנותיו‬, P has apparently perceived the Aramaic root ‫‘ אלם‬strong’. ‫‘ ܒܕܡܟ‬in your blood’. H ‫ בדמך‬perhaps ‘in your likeness’, in which case neither P nor the later vocalization of H (MT) recognized √I ‫‘ דמה‬to be like’. MT as it stands is translated by ASV as ‘in your blood’ and by the 1917 Jewish translation, published in Philadelphia, as ‘in your likeness’. Others interpret ‘blood’ to mean ‘genetic variety’ — therefore ‘vine stock’; others ‘rest’. ‫‘ ܘܐܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ‬I shall destroy them’. MT ‫‘ למען אשמם‬in order that I shall devastate them’. P did not understand MT ‫ אשמם‬and rendered it with ‘destroy’ as if the object of the verb were the children rather than the parents. ‫‘ ܒܫܘܒܚܗ‬in his glory’. MT 21:26 ‫‘ בכבד‬in the liver’. The Hebrew root from which comes the noun for ‘liver’, an organ used in divination, means ‘to be heavy’ or ‘to honor’. P has chosen the sense ‘to honor’ but rendered the initial beth though this fits awkwardly in the syntax.

Introduction to the Translation 22:6 22:16

22:18

22:19 22:25

23:34

24:9

24:12

24:17

24:21

24:23

‫ܠܫܪܒܬܗ‬

XXXI

‘in his tribe’. MT ‫‘ לזרעו‬his arm’. P, perhaps influenced by the context, rendered √I ‫ זרע‬as ‘descendant’ rather than √II ‫‘ זרע‬arm’. ‫‘ ܘܐܪܬܟܝ‬I shall admonish you’. MT ‫ ונחלת בך‬lit. ‘you will be profaned by yourself’. MT is difficult. P seems to have given a phrase which fits the context. ‫‘ ܕܚܠܝܛܝܢ ܒܣܐܡܐ‬alloyed with silver’. MT ‫‘ סיגים כסף‬dross of silver’. The point is not that the less valuable metals are alloyed with silver, but that they are found in the dross remaining after silver is smelted. The same misunderstanding is present in 22:19. ‫‘ ܥܠ ܕܐܬܚܠܛܬܘܢ ܟܠܟܘܢ‬because you are all alloyed’. MT ‫יען היות‬ ‫‘ כלכם לסגים‬because you have all become dross’. ‫‘ ܘܐܝܩܪܐ ܕܣܚ�ܬܗܘܢ ܢܣܒܘ‬they took the glory of their palaces’. MT ‫חסן‬ ‫‘ ויקר יקחו אלמנותיה הרבו בתוכהּ‬they took wealth and precious (things), they have made her widows many in the midst of her’. P rendered the root-meaning of ‫‘ חסן‬to be strong’. For ‫‘ אלמנותיה‬her widows’ he read ‫‘ ארמנותיו‬his palaces’. He did not render ‫הרבו‬ ‫בתוכהּ‬. ‫‘ ܘܣܥܪܟܝ ܬܓܙܝܢ‬you will cut your hair’. MT ‫‘ ואת־חרשׂיה תגרמי‬its fragments (lit. ‘potsherds’) you will crush (lit. ‘gnaw’)’. P knew the meaning ‘to cut’ in √‫ גרם‬but perhaps did not recognize the meaning ‘to crush’, so made a guess at a rendering which fitted well with the next part of the verse, rather than, as in MT, the previous part. ‫‘ ܡܥܡܪܐ‬dwelling’. MT ‫‘ המדורה‬pile (of wood)’. For √I ‫‘ דור‬to go round’, the etymological basis for the noun ‘pile’ which would make sense in this context, P has perceived √II ‫‘ דור‬to live’. ‫‘ ܐܝܟ ܬܐܢ̈ܐ ܟ�ܝܗܬܐ‬Like rotten figs’. MT ‫ תאנים הלאת‬perhaps ‘she has wearied … with toil’. P perceived not √‫‘ און‬to be tired’ but ‫תאנים‬ ֵ ‘fig trees’. At ‫הלאת‬, P may have guessed, or may have perceived not √‫‘ אלה‬to be weary’ but √‫‘ חלה‬to be sick’. ̈ ‫(‘ ܒܕܡܐ‬for) the blood of the dead’. MT ‫‘ דם מתים‬be silent; the ‫ܕܡܝܬܐ‬ dead’. P perceived not √I ‫‘ דמם‬to be silent’ but ‫‘ דם‬blood’. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܠܚܡܐ‬bread of men’. MT ‫‘ ולחם אנשים‬bread of the ‫ܕܒܢܝܢܫܐ‬ weak/sick’. P perceived not √I ‫‘ אנש‬to be weak’ but √II ‫‘ אנש‬man’. So too 24:22. ̈ ‫‘ ܘܚܘܣܝܐ‬your souls’ atonement’. MT ‫‘ ומחמל נפשכם‬your ‫ܕܢܦܫܬܟܘܢ‬ soul’s compassion’. P missed the sense ‘to spare’ in this rare noun from √‫חמל‬. ‫‘ ܘܬܬܒܝܐܘܢ ܐܢܫ ܥܠ ܐܚܘܗܝ‬each will be comforted by his brother’. MT ‫‘ ונהמתם איש אל־אחיו‬and moan one toward another’. For ‫ונהמתם‬ ‘you will groan’, P read √‫‘ נחם‬to console oneself’ rather than √‫‘ נהם‬to groan’.

Introduction to the Translation

XXXII

26:9

27:9

27:11 27:12

27:15

27:16

27:17

27:20 27:23 27:24 27:24

27:25

27:32

̈ ‫ܕܢܝܙܟܘܗܝ‬

‘of his javelins’. MT ‫ קבלו‬perhaps ‘his batteringram/attacking engine (lit. ‘something in front’). A rare noun which P did not recognize. ‫‘ ܡܥ�ܒܝܟܝ‬your western regions’. MT ‫‘ לערב מערבך‬to market your wares’. P has perceived not √I ‫‘ ערב‬to conduct trade’ but √V ‫‘ ערב‬to go down’ as applied to the sun. So too 27:25. ‫‘ ܘܢܛܪܝܢ‬guarding’. MT ‫‘ וגמדים‬men of Gammad’. The proper name was unfamiliar. P guessed to fit the context. ‫‘ ܠܙܒܢܐ‬for trade’. MT ‫‘ עזבוניך‬your wares’. This Hebrew word only appears in this chapter in the Hebrew Bible. P probably guessed, from the context, and mostly rendered as in this verse; in 27:27,33 the context required a different guess. ‫‘ ܩ�ܢܬܐ ܕܡܫܚܐ ܘܠܒܘܢܬܐ‬horns of oil, and frankincense’. MT ‫קרנות שן‬ ‫‘ והובנים‬horns of ivory and ebony’. At 27:6 P recognized ‫שן‬. Here, he guessed at the rare Hebrew noun ‘ebony’, and perhaps gave ‘oil’ to be more appropriate with ‘frankincense’. ‫‘ ܘܫܐ�ܝܐ ܘܦܬܘܬܟܐ‬bracelets, and agate’. In MT the list begins with ‫נפך‬, a precious stone of uncertain identity, not rendered in P. The MT list ends with ‫וראמת וכדכד‬, probably ‘corals’ and ‘rubies’. P has guessed. ‫‘ ܘܪܘܙܐ ܘܕܘܚܢܐ‬rice, millet’. MT ‫ בחטי מנית ופנג‬possibly ‘wheat from Minnith’ and some other foodstuff of unknown identity or perhaps an unknown place. P has guessed. ‫‘ ܕܒܥܝܪܐ ܛܪܩܬܐ‬valuable cattle’. MT ‫ בגדי־חפש לרכבה‬perhaps ‘saddlecloth for riding’. P has guessed. ‫‘ ܒܝܬ ܬܐܓܘܪܬܟܝ‬source (lit. ‘house’) of your merchandise’. MT ‫כלמד‬ ‫ רכלתך‬doubtful; possibly, ‘Chilmadh your merchants’. P has guessed. ̈ ̈ ‫ܘܣܝܡܬܐ‬ ‫ܛܒܬܐ‬ ‘fine treasures’. MT ‫‘ ובגנזי ברמים‬and in carpets of colored material’. P perceived not ‫‘ גנז‬cover’ but ‫‘ גנזך‬treasury’. ̈ ‘in ships of juniper’. MT ‫‘ וארזים במרכלתך‬made secure ‫ܘܒܐܠܦܐ ܕܥܪܩܐ‬ your merchandise’. P rendered as if ‫ וארזים‬were the plural of ‫ארז‬ ‘cedar’ of which his regular translation was ‫ ‘ ܥܪܩܐ‬juniper’ as at 17:22. ‫‘ ̈ܒܢܝ … ܕܒܡܥ�ܒܝܟܝ‬The sons … from your western regions’. MT ‫‘ אניות … שרותיך מערבך‬The ships … did sing of you in your market’. ‘The sons’ seems to be a simple error. To reach ‘from your western regions’ P rendered not √I ‫‘ ערב‬to conduct trade’ but √V ‫‘ ערב‬to go down (of the sun); so too 27:27. ‫‘ ̈ܒܢܝܗܘܢ‬Their children’. MT ‫ בניהם‬possibly ‘Their wailing’, √‫נהה‬. P perceived the initial beth not as a particle but as part of the noun ‫בן‬ ‘son’.

Introduction to the Translation 27:32

‫ܕܝܬܒܐ‬

XXXIII

‘who dwelt’. MT ‫ כדמה‬possibly ‘like (the one) brought to silence’. P has guessed, giving a substitute which more obviously fits the context. 28:12 ‫‘ ܘܟܠܝ� ܕܫܘܒܚܐ‬the crown of glory’. MT ‫‘ וכליל יפי‬perfect in beauty’. P perceived not √‫‘ כלל‬to make perfect’ but the Aramaic form ‫כלילא‬ ‘crown’. ܿ 29:14 ‫‘ ܕܐܙܕܒܢܘ ܡܢܗ‬from which they were sold’. MT ‫‘ מכורתם‬of their origin’. The root of the Hebrew word is uncertain. P perceived √II ‫‘ כרה‬to buy’. 30:9 ‫‘ ܡܣܪܗܒܐܝܬ‬in haste’. MT ‫‘ בצים‬in ships’. P did not recognise the rare Hebrew noun. There is possible influence from LXX σπεύδοντες ‘in haste’. ̈ 32:6 ‫‘ ܕܕܘܩܝܟ‬of your watchmen’. MT ‫‘ צפתך‬your discharge/issue’. MT is from √II ‫‘ צפה‬to cover’; P perceived √I ‫צפה‬, ‘to look out/look’. ̈ ‫‘ ܡܢ ̈ܡܝܐ‬from the fragrant waters’. MT ‫‘ ממי נעמת‬than whom 32:19 ‫ܒܣܝܡܐ‬ were more beautiful’. P treated the initial mim as indicating direction rather than comparison since it interpreted ‫ מי‬as a plural construct of ‫‘ מים‬water’. 34:16 ‫‘ ܐܛܪ‬I shall guard’. MT ‫‘ אשמיד‬I shall destroy’. P probably read rīsh rather than dālath, perceiving not √‫שמד‬, a Niphal verb ‘to be destroyed’, but √‫שמר‬, ‘to guard/preserve’. 34:29. ‫‘ ܕܫܠܡܐ‬of peace’. MT ‫‘ לשם‬of renown’: lit. ‘for a name’. P may have misread the Hebrew, inadvertently changing the order of the consonants. ܿ 35:14 ‫‘ ܠܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܥܝܪ ܕܫܪܐ ܒܚܕܘܬܐ ܕܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ‬to the mountain of Seir which dwelt in the joy of all the earth’. MT ‫‘ כש ֹמח כל־הארץ‬while the whole earth rejoices’. The ‘mountain of Seir’ may have entered the text as a result of partial dittography of P 35:15. 36:15 ‫‘ ܘܥܡܟܝ ܬܘܒ � ܬܓܙܝܢ‬no more be bereaved of your people’. MT ‫‘ וגוייך לא־תכשלי עוד‬no more cause the nations to stumble’ (reading with the Qere as in the preceding verses). Dittography in P of the phrase in 36:14. ܿ 38:12 ‫‘ ܫܘܦܪܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ‬the beauty of the land’. MT ‫‘ טבור הארץ‬the center of the land’. ‫ טבור‬is a rare word, and P seems to have guessed at its meaning, possibly subconsciously influenced by ‫ ט‬and ‫ ב‬being root letters in ‫‘ טוב‬good’. 38:13 ‫‘ ܩܘ�ܝܐ‬towns’ or ‘villages’ or ‘cities’. MT ‫‘ כפיריה‬her young lions’. P read, in an unvocalized text, not ‫‘ כפיר‬young lion’ but ‫‘ כפר‬village’. 39:11 ‫‘ ܢܚ� ܪܒܐ‬a great valley’. MT ‫ גי העברים‬probably ‘the valley of the travelers’ or ‘the valley of Abarim’. P perhaps found ‫ העברים‬obscure, and gave a text to fit the context.

XXXIV

39:11

Introduction to the Translation

�‫ܘܢܣܟܪܘܢܗ ܠܢܚ‬

‘They will block up the valley’. MT ‫וחסמת היא‬ ‫ את־העברים‬perhaps ‘it blocks (the route of) the wayfarers’. Again, P may have found ‫ העברים‬difficult, and gave a different rendering to fit the context. 40:44 ‫‘ ܕܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬of the noblemen’. MT ‫‘ שרים‬singers’. P perceived ‫ש ֹרים‬ ‘chiefs’. 47:8 ‫‘ ܠܓܪܒܝܐ‬to the north’. MT ‫‘ על־הערבה‬to the Arabah’ (an ‘arid plain’). Hebrew ayin has been rendered with gamal. ̈ ̈ 47:11 ‫‘ ܘܡܦܩܢܘܗܝ ܘܡܥܠܢܘܗܝ‬its mouth and its sources’; lit. ‘its exits and its entrances’. MT ‫‘ בצאתיו וגבאיו‬its swamps and its marshes/pools’. P wrongly perceived √‫‘ יצא‬to go/come out’, seeing the initial beth as a particle; influenced by this mistake, he then saw √‫בוא‬, despite the initial waw and gamal. Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions 3:4

5:12 7:6

8:5 11:5 17:5 23:15

26:12

26:18

‫‘ ܠܫܒܝܬܐ‬to the exiles’: lit. ‘to the captivity’. MT ‫‘ אל־בית‬to the house’. ISC may have changed ‫ ܠܒܝܬܐ‬which would translate the Hebrew to the present form. ‫‘ ܒܡܘܬܐ‬in death;. MT ‫‘ בדבר‬in plague/pestilence’. ISC may have changed an original ‫‘ ܒܡܘܬܢܐ‬in plague/pestilence’ to the present form. ‫‘ ܘܐܥܝܩ ܥܠܝܟܝ‬I shall grieve for you’ or ‘it has grieved you’. MT ‫הקיץ‬ ‫‘ אליך‬he has woken against you’, √II ‫קיץ‬. ISC may have changed an original ‫‘ ܘܐܥܝܪ ܥܠܝܟܝ‬I shall stir up against you’ to the present form. ‫‘ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ‬eastern’. MT ‫‘ המזבח‬the altar’. Probably an ISC of an original ‫‘ ܡܕܒܚܐ‬altar’. ‫‘ ܪܚܡܬܘܢ‬you have loved’. MT ‫‘ אמרתם‬you have spoken’. It is just possible that P’s reading is a corruption of ‫ܐܡܪܬܘܢ‬. ‫‘ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ‬in the wilderness’. Possible ISC of an original ‫‘ ܒܕܒܪܐ‬in a field’. MT ‫ בשׂדה־זרע‬literally ‘in a field of seed’. ‫‘ ܚܙܘܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܓܒ� ܐ‬looking like men’: lit. ‘the appearance of men’. MT ‫‘ מראה שׁלשׁים‬looking like officers’. P was perhaps ‫‘ ܓܢܒ� ܐ‬warriors’ originally, ‫ ܓܒ� ܐ‬resulting from an ISC. ‫‘ ܘܥܘܬܪܟܝ‬your wealth’. MT ‫‘ ועפרך‬your dust’. There is no obvious reason why P would mistranslate this common noun. Possibly, P originally rendered with the cognate ‫ ܘܥܦܪܟܝ‬but ISC produced the present form. Alternatively, P judged that ‘wealth’ fitted the context better than ‘dust’. ‫‘ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܡܦܘܠܬܟܝ‬on the day of your fall’. MT ‫‘ בים מצאתך‬on the day of your departure/passing’. Posssibly an ISC of an original ‫ܡܦܩܬܟܝ‬, from √‫‘ ܢܦܩ‬to leave’, but more likely a case of dittography.

Introduction to the Translation

XXXV

‘help’ (pl.) MT ‫‘ תרן‬mast’. Probably an ISC of an original ‫ܥ�ܕܐ‬ ‘masts’. ̈ 32:18 ‫‘ ܠܒܝܬ ܥܡܡܐ‬to the house of the … nations ’. MT ‫‘ ובנות גוים‬and the ̈ ̈ daughters of the nations’. Possibly an ISC of an original ‫ܒܢܬܐ ܕܥܡܡܐ‬ ̈ ̈ or ‫ܒܢܬܗܘܢ ܕܥܡܡܐ‬. 27:5

‫ܥܕ� ܐ‬

Addendum 3: Deliberate changes from the Hebrew introduced by P A number of changes from the Hebrew have been deliberately made by P in Ezekiel. A treatment of such changes in detail is inappropriate for this work, but a limited selection of some examples may show the care P took to improve the text he was presenting. 1:3 ‫‘ ܥܠܝ‬upon me’. MT ‫‘ עליו‬upon him’. P has changed the Hebrew 3rd person pronoun to a 1st person, harmonizing with 1:1,4. 5:17 ‫‘ ܘܐܘܒܕܟܘܢ‬and destroy you’. MT ‫‘ ושכלך‬and you will be bereaved’. P perhaps deliberately mistranslated, choosing a verb often used in this context. 6:4 ‫‘ ܚ�ܝܒܝܟܘܢ‬your ruins (lit. ‘your ruined ones’). MT ‫‘ חלליכם‬your slain’ (√II ‫‘ חלל‬to pierce’). ‘ruins’ fits the context better than ‘slain’; P may have decided to make a change for this reason. 7:11 ‫‘ ܘ� ܡܢ ܕܠܘܚܝܗܘܢ ܘ� ܡܢ ܡܥܒܕܢܘܬܗܘܢ‬not from their confusion, not from their deeds’. MT ‫‘ ולא מהמונם ולא מהמהם‬not from their abundance and not from their wealth (or ‘moaning’). MT is obscure. P has apparently decided to translate freely, giving a clearer meaning. 9:5 ‫‘ ܠܥܢܝ‬before my eyes’. MT ‫‘ באזני‬in my ears’. P has harmonized the reference to ‘eyes’ which appears later in the verse. ̈ ̈ ‫ܘ�ܘܦܢܐ ܩܪܐ ܐܢܘܢ‬ 10:13 �‫ܓܝܓ‬ ‘He called the wheels ‘wheels’. MT ‫לאופנים‬ ‫‘ להם קורא הגלגל‬As for the wheels they were called the whirling (wheels). The usual Hebrew term for ‘wheel’ (which is used here) is ‫אופן‬. The exact meaning of ‫ הגלגל‬is uncertain, though its etymology shows that it is related to ‘wheel, turn’. P has used a term borrowed from Hebrew (a cognate of ‫ )אופן‬to indicate that these wheels were strange in some way. 12:10 ‫‘ ܪܒܐ ܢܫܩܘܠ ܫܩܘܠܬܐ ܗܕܐ‬The great one will carry this burden’. MT ‫ הנשׂיא המשׂא הזה‬perhaps ‘This oracle (concerns) the prince’. P has rendered as in 12:12 (harmonization), where P is close to MT. 14:3 ‫‘ ܐܥܒܕ ܦܘܪܥܢܐ ܡܢܗܘܢ‬make them pay’ or ‘take vengeance on them’. MT ‫(‘ האדרשׁ אדרשׁ להם‬shall I) be asked by them?’. The MT verbs are Niphal; P perhaps judged this inappropriate for God’s speech. 14:7 ‫‘ ܘܡܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܬܦܢܝܢ ܠܘܬܝ ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܝܣܪܝܠ‬those who turn to me, who live in Israel’. MT ‫‘ ומהגר אשר־יגור בישׂראל‬of the stranger that

XXXVI

16:3 16:12

16:16 16:27

16:43

16:54 19:12

20:6

22:7

23:35

23:37

23:42

Introduction to the Translation

sojourneth in Israel’. P understands ‫ ומהגר‬as having the Aramaic sense of a proselyte. See also the note below on 22:7. ‫‘ ܥܩܪܟܝ‬your root’. MT ‫‘ ומלדתיך‬your origin’, an unusual noun; in the MT it is found only in Ezekiel. This is an interpretive explanation. ̈ ‫ܥܝܢܝܟܝ‬ ‫(‘ ܘܒ�ܘ� ܒܝܬ‬Set) beryls on your forehead’: lit. ‘(set) beryls between your eyes’. MT ‫‘ ואתן נזם על־אפך‬I set a ring in your nose’. P has intentionally replaced the image of MT with an appropriate one for his time. ‫‘ ̈ܩܢܝܬܐ‬idols’. MT ‫‘ במות טלאות‬decorated high places’. P perhaps judged that idols were more likely to be dressed up. ̈ ‫ܕܬܟܣܢ‬ ‘restrained’. MT ‫‘ הנכלמות‬were ashamed’. P makes an interpretive change, by replacing the passive verb with an active/transitive one. ‫‘ ܥܠ ܕܥܒܕܬܝ ܛܢܦܘܬܐ ܘܙܢܝܘܬܐ‬for you have done abominable things, you have been a harlot’. MT ‫ולא עשׂיתי את־הזמה על כל־תועבתיך‬ (Qere ‫ )עשׂית‬is obscure, perhaps ‘I have not done (‘you have not done’, reading the Qere) wickedness on account of all your abominations’. P provides a rendering which fits the context. ‫‘ ܕܬܪܓܙܝܢܢܝ‬to enrage me’. MT ‫‘ בנחמך אתן‬when you comfort them’ perhaps meant ironically. P has given a text to fit the context. ܳ ݁ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ‬ ܳ ‫‘ ܽܘܪ‬parching wind’. MT ‫‘ ורוח הקדים‬east wind’. Perhaps a ‫ܘܒܐ‬ clarifying alteration since a wind blowing from the east, whether in Israel or Syria, should be dry. ‫‘ ܕܝܗܒܬ ܠܗܘܢ‬that I had given to them’. MT ‫‘ אשר־תרתי להם‬that I had spied out for them’. P’s change makes it unnecessary for him to explain the reference to the spying out of the land described in Joshua, which the readers/listeners might not understand without more detail. ‫‘ �ܝܢܐ ܕܡܬܦܢܐ ܠܘܬܝ‬who turned (lit. ‘turns’) towards me’. MT ‫גר‬ ‘stranger’. So too 22:29. As in 14:7 (above) P understands the reference as applying to a proselyte. ̈ ‫‘ ܒܬܪ‬with (lit. ‘behind’) your false gods’. MT ‫אחרי גוך‬ ‫ܕܚܠܬܟܝ‬ ‘behind your back’. P deliberately made the change to clarify what the idiom meant. ̈ ‘they are burning them in the fire’. MT ‫העבירו להם‬ ‫ܐܘܩܕܝܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܢܘܪܐ‬ ‫ לאכלה‬literally ‘they pass them through for food’. P has assumed, as do many English translations, that ‘they pass’ implies ‘they pass them through fire’. ‫‘ ܕܚܕܘܬܗܝܢ‬their rejoicing’. MT ‫‘ המון שלו‬a crowd at ease’. P’s rendering is explanatory.

Introduction to the Translation 26:20

28:10

31:4 32:1

32:5

33:24

33:25 33:31

34:12

38:11

39:2 39:11

40:17

‫ܘ� ܐܥܒܕ ܩܝܡܟܝ‬

XXXVII

‘I shall give you no portion’: lit. ‘I shall not make your portion’. MT ‫‘ ונתתי צבי‬I shall give my glory’, which is obscure. P has given a phrase which fits the context. ‫‘ ܒܝܕܐ ܕܥܘ� � ܢܘܟ�ܝܐ ܬܡܘܬ‬You will die at the hands of uncircumcised strangers’. MT ‫‘ מותי ערלים תמות ביד זרים‬You will die the deaths of the uncircumcised at the hands of strangers’. P has deliberately improved the syntax for the sake of better sense. ̈ ‫ܣܘܟܘܗܝ‬ ‘its branches’. ‫‘ תעלתיה‬its canals’: in MT the river is the subject. ‫‘ ܚܕܥܣ� ܐ‬eleventh’. MT ‫‘ בשתי עשרה‬in the twelfth’. So too 32:17, 33:21. P has intentionally corrected the date on the basis of 26:1, 31:1. ‫‘ ܪܡܬܐ‬your worm(s)’ with Mosul vocalization; with a different vocalization ‘your height’. The derivation of MT ‫ רמותך‬is uncertain, from either √I ‫‘ רמם‬decay, worm’ or √I ‫‘ רום‬high’; it could also result from IHC of ‫‘ דמך‬your blood’. ܿ ‫‘ � ܝܪܬܝܢܢ‬do not inherit it’. MT ‫‘ נתנה הארץ למורשה‬the land is ‫ܠܗ‬ given (to us) as an inheritance’. P has made the statement negative which he must have regarded as the correct sense of the passage. ‫‘ ܫܬܝܢ‬drink’. MT ‫‘ תשפכו‬you will pour out/shed’. P has deliberately used ‘drink’ to correspond to ‘eat’ earlier in the verse. ‫‘ ܕܓܠܘܬܐ‬deceit’. MT ‫‘ עגבים‬passion/love-song’. P’s vocabulary replacement gives what he understands is the meaning of the Hebrew. ‫‘ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܙܝܩܐ‬on a day of heavy rain’. MT ‫ביום־היותו בתוך־צאנו נפרשות‬ ‘on the day of his being with his scattered flock’. P may have objected to the internal contradiction and given instead a phrase to fit with the weather described at the end of the verse. ‫‘ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܟܗܝܢܬܐ‬against a prosperous land’. MT ‫על־ארץ פרזות‬ ‘against a land of hamlets’ (i.e. ‘unwalled settlements’). P is explanatory showing what the implication of the Hebrew is. ‫‘ ܘܐܫܝܢܟ‬I shall make peace with you’. MT ‫‘ ושבבתיך‬I shall bring you back’. P rendered the metaphorical sense in the Hebrew. ‫‘ ܕܣܘܦܢܗ ܕܓܘܓ‬The destruction of Gog’. MT ‫‘ חמון גוג‬horde of Gog’; the noun is not a rare word. P may have made a deliberate change to fit the context explicitly. ‫‘ ܕ�ܓܐ ܟܕ ܚܕܪܐ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܕ�ܓܝܢ ܚܕ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ ܚܕ‬stairs all around, thirty steps, one above the other’. MT ‫לשכות ורצפה עשׂוי לחצר סביב סביב‬ ‫‘ שלשים לשכות אל־הרצפה‬rooms/cells, and a pavement made for the court all around, thirty rooms on the pavement’.

Introduction to the Translation

XXXVIII

44:7

‫‘ ܘܡܩܪܒܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܠܚܡܝ ܬܪܒܐ ܘܕܡܐ‬You offer, with my bread, the

fat and the blood’. MT ‫‘ בהקריבכם את־לחמי חלב ודם‬when you offer my bread, the fat, and the blood’. MT ‫ את‬simply indicates the three direct objects; Mosul ‫‘ ܥܠ ܠܚܡܝ‬with my bread’ indicates that the nature of the fat and the blood is different from that of the bread; this is not the sense of MT where all three materials have sacrificial value (see e.g. 44:15). 46:10 ‫‘ ܒܬܪܥܐ ܕܥܐܠ ܒܗ ܢܦܘܩ‬shall go out by the gate through which he came in’. MT ‫‘ בבואם יבוא ובצאתם יצאו‬when they come in he will come in, and when they go out they will go out (together)’. P has intentionally changed the sense of the text to emphasize how the course of the leader through the sanctuary differs from that of others as described previously. 47:13 �‫‘ ܠܚܒ‬for a portion’. MT ‫‘ חבלים‬portions’. MT has a plural since Joseph 9 was constituted of Ephraim and Manasseh. P has rendered with a singular noun since he wishes to show that Joseph would receive its share; the subsequent text of ch. 48 in fact assigns portions to both Ephraim and Manasseh. 21F

9 By the time of Ezekiel the Joseph tribes were pretty much all that was left of what had been the kingdom of Israel, although it was only part of the Babylonian state, Benjamin having been at least partially absorbed by the kingdom of Judah.

APPENDIX 1: VERSIFICATION VERSIFICATION, THE MOSUL TEXT COMPARED WITH LEIDEN Leiden 1:28 20:5 21:1–5 21:6-37 24:5 24:10 38:11 38:19 38:21 40:7 40:8 is lacking in 7a1 41:2 41:22 41:26 43:26 44:18 7a1 lacks 48:6 48:7–35

Begins with Mosul Contains 1:28 and 1:29 Last 2 words of 20:4 20:45–49 21:1–32 Last three words of 24:4 Last two words of 24:9 Last word of 38:10 Last word of 38:18 5th word of 38:21 Vss. 7 and 8 of chapter 40 Third word of 41:2 Last 4 words of 41:21 7th word of 41:25 5th word of 43:26 3rd word of 44:18 48:7–35

XXXIX

APPENDIX 2: VARIANT READINGS BY DONALD M. WALTER AND H.F. VAN ROOY The following table gives the variants of Mosul against 7a1. The ultimate column indicates the support for the Mosul reading as follows: early first millennium up to and including the tenth century. late post tenth century. Lee Lee’s edition agrees with Mosul. Urmia The Urmia edition agrees with Mosul. no support Mosul’s reading is unique. Place 1:18 1:24

Mosul

1:26

lacking ‫ܕܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܘܥܠ‬ ‫( ܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܐܝܟ‬mechanical) ‫ܕܡܘܬܐ‬ �‫ܩ‬ ‫ܩܠܗ‬

1:25

1:29 (L1:28) 2:5 3:1 3:12 3:18 3:20 4:14 4:16 1

̈ ‫ܥܝܢܐ ܗܘܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܩܝܡܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܩܝܡܢ‬

‫ܐܢܬ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܢܝ‬ ‫ܒܬܪܝ‬ ‫ܐܝܕܟ‬ ‫ܐܬܒܥ‬ ‫ܠܝܘܡܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܨܗܘܢܐ‬

Leiden/7a1 1

̈ ‫ܥܝܢܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܩܝܡܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܩܝܡܝܢ‬

‫ܐܝܬ‬ ‫ܕܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܒܬܪ‬ ‫ܐܝ̈ܕܝܟ‬ ‫ܐܬܬܒܥ‬ om seyāme

‫ܠܝܘܡܢܐ‬

Errors in 7a1 are not cited e.g. 1:14

XLI

Ms support for Mosul early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul Lee, Urmia

early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul no support late

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

XLII

5:1 5:7

5:11 5:13 5:15 5:16 7:3 7:4

7:9 7:15 8:3 8:6/7 inscr 8:11 9:4

10:17 3rd

10:22 11:5 11:11 11:11 11:21 12:6 12:15 13:10 13:11 13:14 13:16 13:17 13:19

‫ܠܟ ܣܒ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܚܫܒܬܘܢ‬

transpose

‫ܕܐܬܚܫܒܬ‬

‫ܐܕܚܩܟܝ‬

‫ܐܕܚܩܝ‬

‫ܒܗܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܠܥܡܡܐ‬ ‫ܕܪܘܓܙܝ‬ ‫ܕܐܫܕܪ‬

‫ܒܟܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܥܡܡܐ‬

‫ܕܐܫܘܕ‬ ‫ܘܛܢܦܘܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܬܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܒܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܡܢ‬ ‫ܕܥܠ‬

‫ܘܐܫܘܕ‬

‫ܕܬܢܢܐ‬

‫ܕܛܢܢܐ‬

‫ܕܡܬܬܢܚܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܩܝܡܢ‬

‫ܕܡܬܬܢܝܚܝܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܩܝܡܝܢ‬

‫ܘܡܐ‬

‫ܘܡܢ‬

‫ܚܙܘܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܪܐ ܡ�ܘܬܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܓܘܗ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܐܦܪܘܥ ܒܪܫܗܘܢ‬ �‫ܘ‬ ‫ܘܕܪܝܬ‬

‫ܚܙܘܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܗ‬

‫ܗܘܘ‬ ‫ܗܐ ܐܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܣܬܚܦܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܐܬܢܒܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܝܠܝܢ‬

omit

‫ܐܫܕܪ‬ seyāme

̈ ‫ܢܗܘܝܢ‬

lacking

‫ܒܒܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܡܢ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬

pr waw transpose

�‫ܕ‬ ‫ܘܕܪܬ‬

lacking

‫ܗܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܣܘܦܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܥܠ‬ pr waw

‫ܐܝܠܝܢ‬

no support all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul no support early early early early early Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early Lee, Urmia Lee, Urmia early late all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Urmia

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 14:3 14:4

14:16 14:17 2nd 16:9 16:12 16:34

‫ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܡܠܠ‬

seyāme

‫ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܬܥܒܪ‬

‫ܒܠܚܘܕ‬ ‫ܕܬܥܒܕ‬

16:36 16:44 16:47 1st

‫ܗܝ‬ ‫ܒܡܫܚܐ‬ �‫ܘܒ�ܘ‬ ‫ܘܐܬܦܪܫܬܝ‬ ‫ܒܗܝ‬ ‫ܛܢܦܘܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ‬ �‫ܘ‬

16:49 2nd 16:57 1st 17:3 17:5 17:6

‫ܗܘܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܛܢܦܘܬܗܝܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܬ‬ ̈ ‫ܗܘܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܡܢ‬ ‫ܓܒܝܐ‬ ܿ‫ܘܣܡܗ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܬ‬

17:7 2 17:12 17:17 18:9

‫ܡܪܥܕܬܐ ܘܡܟܝܟܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܕܢܨܒܬܗ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‬ �‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܘܡܚܐ‬

20:11

�‫ܐ‬ ‫ܬܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܠܡܫܡܥ‬ ‫ܪܘܓܙܝ ܒܗܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܕܝܢܝ‬

2nd

18:25 19:14 20:8

‫ܙܠ ܡܠܠ‬ lacking om seyāme om waw

‫ܡܫܚܐ‬ ‫ܒܗܘ‬

seyāme

ܿ ‫ܐܡܗ‬

om waw

lacking om seyāme lacking lacking

‫ܓܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܣܡܗ‬ ‫ܗܘܬ‬ ‫ܡܪܥܬܐ ܡܟܝܟܬ‬ ‫ܕܢܨܒܬܗ‬ lacking om waw om waw lacking pr waw

transpose om seyāme

‫ܠܡܫܡܥܢܝ‬

XLIII

early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia early Urmia early early Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early early early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul Lee, Urmia Urmia early Lee, Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early no support early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul

2 We are not confident that diacritical data was systematically collected for Ezekiel in the Leiden edition.

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

XLIV

20:12 20:18 20:35 20:40 20:44

21:6 (L21:11) 21:10 (L21:15) 21:21 (L21:26) 21:27 (L21:32) 21:32 (L21:37) 22:09 22:15 22:16 22:18 22:22 22:26 23:10 23:24 23:27 23:31 23:35 24:13 24:16 24:19 24:20 24:21 25:8 25:12 25:16 25:17 2nd

‫ܕܡܩܕܫ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܛܘ� ܐ �ܡܐ‬ ‫ܨܢ̈ܥܬܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܬܒܪܐ‬

pr dālath

‫ܕܡܩܕܫ ܐܢܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܝܬܟܘܢ‬

om seyāmes

‫̈ܨܒܥܬܟܘܢ‬ seyāme

early Lee all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia

‫ܕܬܒܪܩ‬

‫ܐܬܠܛܫ ܕܬܒܪܩ‬

‫ܒܦܬܟܪܗ‬

‫ܒܦܬܟ� ܐ‬

‫ܐܦ‬

pr waw

early

‫ܕܐܢܐ‬

‫ܕܐܢܐ ܐܢܐ‬

early

‫ܒܓܘܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܕܪܝܟܝ‬ ‫ܐܢܐ‬

‫ܒܟܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܕܪܟܝ‬

‫ܕܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܕܐܢܐ‬ ‫ܠܛܢܦܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܢܐܬܘܢ‬ �‫ܘ‬ ‫ܕܚܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܘܐܦ‬ ‫ܕܕܟܝܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܬܫܚܠ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪܘ‬ ‫ܕܦܬܓܡܗ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܥܝܢܝܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ‬ ‫ܠܩܪܛܐ‬ ‫ܦܘ�ܥܢܝ‬

lacking

om dālath

‫ܕܐܢܐ ܐܢܐ‬ ‫ܠܛܡܐܐ‬ ‫ܗܢܘܢ‬

pr waw om waw seyāme

‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܕܕܟܝܬܝ‬ ‫ܬܫܠܚ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ‬ ‫ܦܬܓܡܗ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ‬

om dālath

‫ܘܛܢܘ‬

seyāme om seyāme

early early Urmia (Lee=Leiden) all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia early early Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia early Urmia early early early Lee, Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 26:1 26:1 26:6 26:8 26:10 26:14 26:15 26:17 27:7 27:16 27:18 27:19 27:20 27:25 27:27 28:13 28:15 28:19 28:21 28:23 29:6 29:10 29:11 30:7 30:11 30:13 30:15 30:17 30:24 31:17

‫ܥܠ ܨܘܪ‬ ‫ܒܫܢܬ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫ܣܟܪܐ‬ ‫ܢܟܣܝܟܝ‬ ‫ܬܬܒܢܝܢ‬ ̈ �‫ܘܩܛ‬ ‫ܕܝܗܒܘ ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܒܟܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܬܟܠܬܐ‬ ‫ܓܙܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ�ܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܡܪܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܩܣܝܐ‬ ‫ܛܪܩܬܐ‬ ‫ܛܒ ܛܒ‬ ̈ ‫ܓܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܦܪܕܝܣܗ‬ ‫ܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܨܝܕܢ‬ ܿ �‫ܚ‬ ‫ܝܒܝܗ‬ ‫ܕܢܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܢܐ‬ �‫ܐܦ‬ ‫ܘܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܗܝܢ‬

‫ܦܠܓܘܬܐ ܐܚܪܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܚܙܩܐܝܠ ܢܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܨܘܪ‬ pr waw

‫ܘܢܕܥ̈ܢ‬

seyāme

‫ܢܟܣܟܝ‬ ‫ܬܬܒܥܝܢ‬ ̈ �‫ܘܩܛܝ‬

‫ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ‬ om waw seyāme

‫ܘܫܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܘܒܥܡܪܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܩܝܣܐ‬ seyāme

‫ܛܒ‬ ‫ܓܒ� ܐ‬ ‫ܦܪܕܝܣܝܗ‬ pr waw

‫ܕܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܠܨܝܕܢ‬ ‫ܚ�ܝܒܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܥܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܢܐ ܗܐ‬

pr waw om seyāme

‫ܕܥܡܗ‬ ‫ ܪܒܐ‬/ ‫� ܢܗܘܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܥܘܬܪܗ‬

̈ ‫ܕܥܡܡܗ‬

‫ܘܒܚܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܦܣܘܩ‬ ‫ܝܬܒ‬

‫ܘܒܣܝܦܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܦܣܩ‬ ‫ܝܬܒܘ‬

transpose

ܿ ‫ܥܘܬܗ‬

early early early early late all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia Urmia no support Lee, Urmia early Lee, Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia early early Lee, Urmia Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul Lee, Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early Lee, Urmia

XLV

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

XLVI

32:3 32:5 32:8 32:9

32:16 32:21 32:25 33:5 33:6

33:7 33:15 34:5 34:8 34:11 34:12

34:14 34:31 35:7 36:2 36:5 36:7 36:11 36:12 36:22 36:24

36:38 Inscr to 37

‫ܗܐ‬

lacking

‫ܥܠܝܟ ܡܨܝܕܬܝ‬ ‫ܪܡܬܟ‬ ‫ܚܫܘܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܒܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܐ‬

‫ܚܫܟܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܐ‬

̈ ‫ܢܐ�ܝ ܿܢܗ‬

transpose seyāme

om seyāme om seyāme

‫ܘܢܡܠܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܚܝܐ‬

‫ܢܡܠܘܢ‬

‫ܢܙܕܗܪ‬ ‫ܐܬܒܥ‬

‫ܐܙܕܗܪ‬ ‫ܐܬܬܒܥ‬

‫ܕܬܗܘܐ ܫܡܥ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܬܒܕܪܬ‬ ‫ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܠܥܢܝ‬ ‫ܕܙܝܩܐ‬

‫ܕܬܫܡܥ‬

‫ܐܢܝܢ‬ ‫ܟܠ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܒܕܪ‬ ‫ܘܒܛܘ� ܐ �ܡܐ‬ ‫ܐܢܬܝܢ‬

‫ܐܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܘܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܒܕ�ܘ‬

‫ܡܢܗ‬ ‫ܐܚܢ‬ ‫ܝܘܪܬܢܐ‬ ‫ܗܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܟܒܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܝܘܪܬܢܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܡܡܐ‬ ‫ܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܝܟ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܠ ܚܝܬ‬ ‫ܡܝܬܐ‬

om seyāme

‫ܘܐܬܒܕܪ‬ ‫ܢܦܫܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܥܢܝ‬ ‫ܙܕܝܩܐ‬

om both seyāme

‫ܐܢܬܝ‬ ܿ ‫ܡܢܗ‬ ‫ܐܚܢܝ‬

pr lāmadh lacking

‫ܘܢܪܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܘܪܬܢܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܒܥܡܡܐ‬

om seyāme om waw lacking

all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early Lee, Urmia early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Lee, Urmia early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 37:8 37:20 37:27 38:4 38:11 38:16 38:20 39:3 39:4 39:13 39:19 40:1 inscr 40:2

40:11 40:14 40:21 40:25 40:34 40:40 40:42 40:43 40:44 40:45 40:47 40:48 40:49 41:3

3

‫ܕܣܠܩܘ‬ ‫ܐܢܬ‬

‫ܕܣܠܩ‬ ‫ܐܢܐ‬

‫ܒܗܘܢ ܘܐܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ‬ ‫�ܗܐ‬ ‫ܘ�ܟܫܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܥܘܢܢܝ‬ ‫ܩܕܡܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܘܓܐ�ܝܟ‬ ‫ܕܫܡܝܐ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܪܒܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ‬

‫ܒܗܘܢ‬

‫ܘܐܝܬܝܢܝ �ܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܕܝܣܪܝܠ ܒܚܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܠܗܐ‬

‫ܘܐܝܬܝܢܝ ܠܬܡܢ‬ ‫ܒܚܙܘܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܝܬܝܢܝ �ܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ‬

‫ܐܘܪܟܗ‬ ‫ܩܕܡ‬ ̈ (2º) ‫ܐܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܥܣܪܝܢ‬ ̈ �‫ܘܕܩ‬ ‫ܘܒܣܛܪܗ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܦܬܝܗܘܢ‬ ̈ ‫ܣܦܘܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܬܝܡܢܐ‬ ‫ܡܛܪܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܡܫܚܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܣܬܕܝܗ‬ �‫ܦ‬ ‫ܠܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

om waw lacking

‫ܕܢܕܥܘܢܢܝ‬ pr ‫ܡܢ‬ ‫ܘܓܐܪܟ‬ ‫ܕܓܦܐ‬ ‫ܡܪܐ ܡ�ܘܬܐ‬ lacking

‫ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ‬

pr waw lacking om pr waw om seyāme

‫ܘܒܣܛܪܐ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟܗ‬ ‫ܘܦܬܝܗ‬ pr waw

‫ܠܬܝܡܢܐ ܚܕ‬ seyāme

‫ܐܘܪܟܗ‬ ‫ܘܡܫܚ‬ ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܠܬܪܥܐ‬

Lee, Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early Urmia Lee, Urmia late no support Lee, Urmia early early early late 3 Lee, Urmia

Lee, Urmia early Lee Lee all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early Urmia early early early early early early

The late support has an initial dālath not found in Mosul.

XLVII

Appendix 2: Variant Readings

XLVIII

41:6 41:11 41:12 41:16 41:17 41:21 42:3 42:5 42:8 42:10

‫ܚܕ�ܢ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܘܪܟܗ‬ ‫ܘܠܬܠܬܝ ̈ܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܡܪܒܥܐ‬ ‫ܣܕ�ܝܢ‬ ‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬ ‫ܒܡܥܠܢܐ‬

‫ܚܕܪ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܘܪܟܐ‬ ‫ܠܬܠܬܝ ̈ܗܘܢ‬

43:10 43:22 43:25 44:3 44:10 44:11 44:19 44:20

‫ܠܕܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܟܘܢܗ‬ ‫ܘܬܩܪܒܘܢ‬ ‫ܕܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ �‫ܐܦ‬ ̈ ‫ܫ�ܡܐ‬ ‫ܒܐܟܣܕ� ܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܘܩܘܨܬܗܘܢ‬

‫ܠܒܝܬ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܬܩܪܒܘܢ‬

45:4 45:5 45:7 45:14 45:15

‫ܠܝܘܪܬܢܐ‬ ‫ܦܘܪܫܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܒܝܪ‬ ‫ܚܝܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܩܕܫܗ‬ ‫ܒܒܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܥܡܐ‬ ‫ܡܥܣ� ܐ‬ ‫ܕܢܕܟܐ‬

44:28 44:30 44:31

45:17 45:18 45:19 45:23 46:10 46:18 3rd

‫ܘܢܘܩܝܐ‬ ‫ܚܕ‬ ‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܠܬܕܟܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܨܦܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܕܒܝܢܬܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܘܬܗ‬

seyāme

‫ܡܥܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܕ�ܝܢ‬

om seyāme seyāme om bēth (Leiden; 7a1+ support Mosul)

transpose pr waw om seyāme om seyāme om seyāme

‫ܝܘܪܬܢܐ‬ ‫ܦܘܪܫܢܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܕܬܒܝܪ‬ seyāme

‫ܒܡܩܕܫܗ‬ ‫ܒܝܬܐ‬

lacking om seyāme

‫ܘܢܕܟܐ‬

lacking lacking om waw pr waw

‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܪܬܘܬܢܗ‬

late early early early early early Lee, Urmia Lee, Urmia late early early early early early early Lee, Urmia early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early early early early early Lee, Urmia all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early early early early early

Appendix 2: Variant Readings 46:21 47:1 47:22 48:1 48:6 4

ܿ ‫ܒܣܛܪܗ‬ ‫ܘܐܗܦܟ‬

48:18 48:21

‫ܒܣܛܪܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܦܟ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܬܚܘܡܐ‬ ‫ܕܪܘܒܝܠ ܡܢ ܪܘܚܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ‬ ‫ܠܪܘܚܐ ܕܡܥܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܦܪܝܡ‬ ‫ܕܐܦܪܝܡ‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܘܠܡܥܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܡܕܢܚܐ‬ ‫ܘܢܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܒܬܚܘܡܐ‬

48:28 48:35 5

‫ܘܡܩܕܫܐ‬ ‫ܬܚܘܡܗ‬ ‫ܘܥܕܡܐ‬

‫ܘܡܩܕܫܗ‬ ‫ܬܚܘܡܐ‬

48:7 48:8 48:17

4 5

pr waw pr waw lacking

pr waw

‫ܕܪܘܒܝܠ‬ ‫ܘܠܡܕܢܚܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܡܥܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܘܬܚܘܡܐ‬ om waw

early early early no support Lee, Urmia

Lee, Urmia Lee, Urmia early early early all MSS except 7a1 support Mosul early early early

This verse is completely lacking in the Leiden edition. Note there is a spelling error in Leiden on the 7th word with a nūn for yūdh.

XLIX

APPENDIX 3: NAMES1 Common Syriac proper names

P regularly uses: ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬Hebrew ‫ ירושלם‬e.g. 4:1. ‫ ܕܪܡܣܘܩ‬for Hebrew ‫דמשק‬, e.g. 47:16. ‫ ܝܘܪܕܢܢ‬Hebrew ‫ירדן‬, e.g. 47:18. ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬Hebrew ‫ישׂראל‬, e.g. 2:3. ‫ ܡܨܪܝܢ‬Hebrew ‫מצרים‬, e.g. 17:15. ‫ ܪܘܒܝܠ‬MT ‫ראובן‬, e.g. 48:6.

Replacements

Following the order of appearance in the Mosul text: 23:23 ‫ ܦܘܛ‬MT ‫פקוד‬, 23:23 ‫ ܠܘܕ‬MT ‫שוע‬, 23:23 ‫ ܩܕܪ‬MT ‫קרואים‬, 25:16 ‫ ܩܪܛܐ‬MT ‫כרתים‬, 27:7 ‫ �ܣ‬MT ‫אלישׁה‬, 27:16 ‫ ܐܕܘܡ‬MT ‫ארם‬, 27:17 ‫ ܪܘܙܐ‬MT ‫מנית‬, ̈ 30:5 ‫ܠܘܒܝܐ‬ MT ‫לוד‬, 30:13 ‫ ܡܦܣ‬MT ‫נף‬, 30:18 2 ‫ ܬܚܦܝܣ‬MT ‫תחפנחס‬.

Initial Locations Additions

P introduces an initial ‫ܐ‬: 48:25 ‫ ܐܝܣܟܪ‬MT ‫ישׂשכר‬. P introduces an initial ‫ܡ‬: 30:17 ‫ ܡܦܝܒܣܬ‬MT ‫פי־בסת‬.

1 2

Gentilics are usually ignored; so too ‫ ܝܢ‬endings in P for ‫ ים‬in MT. P’s equivalent conforms to that of a name often found in Jeremiah.

LI

Appendix 3: Names27F

LII

Deletions P omits (i.e. by translating as a conjunction) an initial ‫ ו‬27:19 MT ‫‘ ודן‬Wedan/Vedan’. 3 P omits an initial ‫י‬: 1:3 ‫ ܚܙܩܝܐܝܠ‬MT ‫יחזקאל‬.

‫‘ ܘܕܢ‬and Dan’

29F

Replacements

P reads ‫ ܐ‬for ‫י‬: 4:1 ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬MT ‫ירושלם‬, 25:9 ‫ ܐܫܝܡܘܢ‬MT ‫הישׁימת‬.

Medial Locations Additions

P adds a medial ‫ܘ‬: 11:1 ‫ ܥܙܘܪ‬MT ‫עזר‬, 14:14 ‫ ܢܘܚ‬MT ‫נח‬, 16:45 ‫ ܐܡܘܪܝܐ‬MT ‫אמרי‬, 16:46 ‫ ܣܕܘܡ‬MT ‫סדם‬, 25:9 ‫ ܩܘܪܝܬܝܡ‬MT ‫קריתימה‬, 27:13 ‫ ܬܘܒܝܠ‬MT ‫תבל‬, 37:25 ‫ ܝܥܩܘܒ‬MT ‫יעקב‬, 47:15 ‫ ܚܬܪܘܢ‬MT ‫חתלן‬, 16 ‫ ܣܦܪܘܝܡ‬MT ‫סברים‬, ‫ ܕܪܡܣܘܩ‬MT ‫דמשׂק‬, 48:26 ‫ ܙܒܘܠܘܢ‬MT ‫זבולן‬. P adds a medial ‫ܝ‬: 1:3 ‫ ܚܙܩܝܐܝܠ‬MT ‫יחזקאל‬, 14:14 ‫ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ‬MT ‫דנאל‬, 16:45 ‫ ܚܝܬܝܬܐ‬MT ‫חתית‬, 27:6 ‫ ܒܝܫܢ‬MT ‫בשן‬, 13 ‫ ܬܘܒܝܠ‬MT ‫תבל‬, 37:24 ‫ܕܘܝܕ‬ MT ‫דוד‬, 47:19 ‫ ܩܕܝܫ‬MT ‫קדש‬, 48:2 ‫ ܐܫܝܪ‬MT ‫אשׁר‬, 6 ‫ ܪܘܒܝܠ‬MT ‫ראובן‬, 22 ‫ ܒܢܝܡܝܢ‬MT ‫בנימן‬. P adds a medial ‫ܪ‬: 47:16 ‫ ܕܪܡܣܘܩ‬MT ‫דמשׂק‬.

Deletions

P omits a medial ‫א‬: 48:6 ‫ ܪܘܒܝܠ‬MT ‫ראובן‬. P omits a medial ‫ו‬: 17:3 ‫ ܠܒܢܢ‬MT ‫לבנון‬, 27:8 ‫ ܨܝܕܢ‬MT ‫צידון‬, 47:17 MT ‫עינון‬, 47:19 ‫ ܡܪܝܒܬ‬MT ‫מריבות‬. P omits a medial ‫י‬: 27:7 ‫ �ܣ‬MT ‫אלישׁה‬. P omits a medial ‫ע‬: 25:9 ‫ ܒܥܠܡܘܢ‬MT ‫בעל מעון‬. P omits a medial ‫ש‬: 48:25 ‫ ܐܝܣܟܪ‬MT ‫ישׂשכר‬.

Replacements

P reads ‫ ܝ‬for ‫א‬: 2:3 ‫ ܝܣܪܝܠ‬MT ‫ישׂראל‬. P reads ‫ ܝ‬for ‫ו‬: 16:46 ‫ ܫܡܪܝܢ‬MT ‫שמרון‬. P reads ‫ ܟ‬for ‫ב‬: 4 3:15 ‫ ܬ�ܟܝܒ‬MT ‫תל אביב‬. ̈ P reads ‫ ܠ‬for ‫שׂ‬: 1:3 ‫ ܟܠܕܝܐ‬MT ‫כשׂדים‬. P reads ‫ ܥ‬for ‫א‬: 8:11 ‫ ܝܥܙܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יאזניהו‬, 11:1 ‫ ܝܥܙܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יאזניה‬. P reads ‫ ܦ‬for ‫ב‬: 47:16 ‫ ܣܦܪܘܝܡ‬MT ‫סברים‬. 3 4

ASV like P renders as ‘and Dan’. The ‫ ܟ‬in P may be an inner-Syriac corruption of a ‫ܒ‬.

‫ܥܝܢܢ‬

Appendix 3: Names27F

LIII

P reads ‫ ܪ‬for ‫ד‬: 25:13 ‫ ܕܪܢ‬MT ‫דדנה‬, 27:15 ‫ ܕܪܢ‬MT ‫דדן‬. P reads ‫ ܪ‬for ‫ל‬: 47:15 ‫ ܚܬܪܘܢ‬MT ‫חתלן‬. P reads a ‫ ܬ‬for ‫שׁ‬: 23:5 ‫ ܐܬܘ�ܝܐ‬MT ‫אשור‬, 7 ‫ ܐܬܘܪ‬MT ‫אשור‬.

Transpositions

P transposes a medial waw with another letter: 4:1 ‫ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‬MT ‫ירושלם‬.

Final Locations 5 Deletions

P omits a final ‫ה‬: 25:9 ‫ ܩܘܪܝܬܝܡ‬MT ‫קריתימה‬, 13 MT ‫אלישה‬, 47:16 ‫ ܒܪܘܬ‬MT ‫ברותה‬. P omits a final ‫י‬: 47:10 ‫ ܓܕ‬MT ‫גדי‬.

‫ܕܪܢ‬

MT ‫דדנה‬, 27:7

‫�ܣ‬

Replacements

P reads a final ‫ ܐ‬for a final ‫ה‬: 4:6 ‫ ܝܗܘܕܐ‬MT ‫יהודה‬, 11:1 ‫ ܝܥܙܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יאזניה‬, 23:4 �‫ ܐܗ‬MT ‫אהלה‬, 4 ‫ ܐܗܠܝܒܐ‬MT ‫אהליבה‬, 27:14 ‫ ܬܘܓܪܡܐ‬MT ‫תוגרמה‬, 22 ‫ܪܥܡܐ‬ MT ‫רעמה‬, 23 ‫ ܟܢܐ‬MT ‫כנה‬, 29:10 ‫ ܣܘܢܐ‬MT ‫סונה‬, 48:4 ‫ ܡܢܫܐ‬MT ‫מנשה‬. P reads a final ‫ ܐ‬for a final ‫הו‬: 8:11 ‫ ܝܥܙܢܝܐ‬MT ‫יאזניהו‬, 11:1 ‫ ܦܠܛܝܐ‬MT ‫פלטיהו‬, ‫ ܒܢܝܐ‬MT ‫בניהו‬. P reads a final ‫ ܘܢ‬for a final ‫ת‬: 25:9 ‫ ܒܝܬ ܐܫܝܡܘܢ‬MT ‫בית הישׁימת‬.

Translation In the following place P has translated what is probably a name in MT: 20:29 ‫‘ ܦܪܟܐ‬idol’s shrine’ MT ‫במה‬. 29:10 �‫‘ ܡܓܕ‬the tower’ MT ‫‘ מגד ֹל‬Migdol’ (read as ‫מגדל‬ ָ ‘the tower’). Transliterations 47:17 ‫‘ ܨܦܘܢ‬Zipon’ MT ‫‘ צפון‬north’, 47:18 (with rīsh for dālath) ‫ ܬܡܪ‬MT ‫תמדו‬, 47:20 ‫ ܢܟܚ‬MT ‫נכח‬.

5

Cases of what look like or are plural endings in P ‫ ܝܢ‬H ‫ ים‬are ignored.

APPENDIX 4: TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPLE Place 40:6 40:7

Translation for P1 Threshold of the gate Threshold CELL porch, gatepost, 2 lintel CELL porches, gateposts, lintels Ø Ø

40:8 40:9

Threshold of the gate Porches, gateposts, lintels of the gate Porch, gatepost, lintel of the gate

Ø or (the threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room of the gate) 3

Peshiṭta

Hebrew

‫ܣܦܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

‫סף השׁער‬

‫ܣܦܐ‬ ‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫סף‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫התאים‬

Ø

‫סף השׁער‬

Ø

‫התא‬

‫אולם‬

‫ܣܦܗ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ Ø or

(‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܗ‬ ‫)ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

Ø

‫השׁער‬ ‫אלם השׁער‬ ‫אלם השׁער‬ ‫איליו‬

Translation for MT Threshold of the gate Threshold

Guardroom, little chamber Guardrooms, little chambers Threshold of the gate Vestibule/porch of the gate Ø

Vestibule/porch of the gate Vestibule/porch of the gate Its pilasters 4

1 Definitions not found in the standard dictionaries but used in this translation are given in capital letters. Definitions given by those dictionaries but not used here are in italic. 2 Our translation elsewhere uses ‘gatepost’ in these chapters for this Syriac, although in this verse we have used ‘cell’. 3 One of the Hebrew terms is presumably not translated; it is uncertain which of them the Syriac is to be understood as rendering.

LV

Appendix 4: Terminology

LVI

40:10 40:12

40:13 40:14 40:15 40:16

Ø or (the threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room of the gate) within the gate

(‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܗ‬ ‫)ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

‫אלם השׁער‬

Vestibule/porch of the gate

‫ܓܘܗ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

‫תאי השׁער‬

Guardrooms, little chambers Pilasters

Porches, gateposts, ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ lintels BARRIER border, ‫ܬܚܘܡܐ‬ boundary Threshold, ‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬ gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Ø Ø ܿ Its midst ‫ܓܘܗ‬ Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

BOARDS Planks (e.g. of a bridge) Porches, gateposts, lintels of the gate Ø

40:17

Ø or

Ø

Steps, stairs

Steps, stairs

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

‫̈ܚܬܐ‬ ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ Ø Ø

‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ ‫ܕ�ܓܝܢ‬

‫אילם‬

5

‫גבול‬ ‫התאות‬

‫גבול‬ ‫התא‬ ‫התא‬ ‫אילים‬ ‫איל החצר‬ ‫האיתון‬ ‫אלם השׁער‬ ‫התאים‬ ‫אליהמה‬ ‫אלמות‬ ‫איל‬ ‫לשׁכות‬ ‫לשׁכות‬

Boundary, space

Guardrooms, little chambers Boundary, space

Guardroom, little chamber Guardroom, little chamber Pilasters

Pilaster of the court Qere entrance (hapax leg.) Vestibule/porch of the gate Guardrooms, little chambers Their pilasters

Pilasters or vestibules/porches 6 Pilaster rooms, chambers, halls, cells rooms, chambers, halls, cells

‘Pilasters’ or ‘protruding pillars’. So too passim. Masc.pl. ending. 6 BDB KB regard ‫ אילם‬as an orthographic equivalent for ‫אולם‬. ASV renders with ‘arch’. 4 5

Appendix 4: Terminology 40:18 40:21

Steps, stairs Steps, stairs Ø Ø

40:22

Ø

Its porches, gateposts, lintels Steps, stairs

40:26

Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Its porches, gateposts, lintels Its posts, door-posts, pillars Its porches, gateposts, lintels Steps, stairs

40:29

Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Its porches, gateposts, lintels Its midst AREA

40:24 40:25

40:30 40:31

40:33

‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ ‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ Ø

‫תאיו‬

Ø Ø

‫איליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫ܕ�ܓܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬

‫יעלו־בו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܩܝܡܬܗ‬

‫איליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬

‫אילמיו‬

‫ܕ�ܓܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬

‫עלותיו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬

‫איליו‬

‫ܓܘܗ‬

‫תאיו‬

Its porches, ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ gateposts, lintels ̈ Its thresholds, ‫ܐܣܟܦܬܗ‬ gateposts, porches, vestibules, guard rooms Its porches, ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ gateposts, lintels ̈ Its parapets, ‫ܬܝܟܘܗܝ‬ railings, fences Porches, gateposts, ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ lintels Ø Ø Their steps, stairs ‫ܕ�ܓܝܗܘܢ‬ Its midst AREA

Ø Ø

‫ܓܘܗ‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫אילמיו‬

‫אילמיו‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫איליו‬ ‫אלמיו‬

‫אלמיו‬ ‫אלמות‬ ‫אלמו‬ ‫איליו‬ ‫מעליו‬ ‫תאיו‬

LVII

Ø Ø (Qere) Its guardrooms, little chambers (Qere) Its pilasters

Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters or vestibules/porches They go up by it Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters

Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Ascents, stairways Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters

Its guardrooms, little chambers Its pilasters

Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilaster or vestibule/porch Its pilasters Its ascents

Its guardrooms, little chambers

Appendix 4: Terminology

LVIII

40:34

40:36

40:37

40:38

40:39 40:40 40:41 40:44 40:45

Its porches, gateposts, lintels Its thresholds, gateposts, porches, vestibules, guard rooms Its porches, gateposts, lintels Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Porches, gateposts, lintels Steps, stairs Its midst AREA

Its porches, gateposts, lintels Its thresholds, gateposts, porches, vestibules, guard rooms Porches, gateposts, lintels Porches, gateposts, lintels Steps, stairs Gallery, corridor, balcony, cloister, cell, chamber Porches, gateposts, lintels Porches, gateposts, lintels of the gate Porch, gatepost, lintel Porches, gateposts, lintels of the gate Arched chambers, cells, stalls, booths of the nobles Gallery, corridor, balcony, cloister, cell, chamber

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܐܣܟܦܬܗ‬

‫אליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫אליו‬

‫ܕ�ܓܝܢ‬ ‫ܓܘܗ‬

‫מעליו‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫תאיו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ ̈ ‫ܐܣܟܦܬܗ‬

‫אליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫איליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫איליו‬

‫ܕ�ܓܝܢ‬ ‫ܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬

‫מעליו‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫אילים‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܪܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫אלם השׁער‬

‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܚܢܘܬܐ ܕܪܘ�ܒܢܐ‬

‫כתף השׁער‬

‫אלמיו‬

‫לשׁכה‬

‫אלם השׁער‬

‫לשׁכות‬ ‫שׁרים‬

‫ܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬

‫לשׁכה‬

Its pilasters

Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters Its ascents

Its guardrooms, little chambers Its pilasters

Its pilasters or vestibules/porches Its pilasters Its pilasters Its ascents

room, chamber, hall, cell Pilasters

Vestibule/porch of the gate Vestibule/porch of the gate Upper arm of the gate rooms, chambers, halls, cells of the singers room, chamber, hall, cell

Appendix 4: Terminology 40:46 40:48

40:49

41:1 41:3 41:5 41:6

Gallery, corridor, balcony, cloister, cell, chamber Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room of the house Ø

‫ܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬

‫לשׁכה‬

‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܗ‬ ‫ܕܒܝܬܐ‬

‫אלם הבית‬

Ø

LIX

room, chamber, hall, cell

Vestibule/porch of the house Pilaster

‫אלם‬

Vestibule/porch

‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬

‫אלם‬

Vestibule/porch

‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܡܘܕܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܣܬܕܝܗ‬ �‫ܦ‬

‫מעלות‬

Ascents

‫אילים‬

Pilasters

‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬

‫אילים‬

Pilasters

‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ‬

‫איל־הפתח‬

‫ܕܦܢܐ‬

‫צלע‬

̈ ‫ܕܦܢܬܐ‬

‫צלעות‬

CHAMBER Side

‫ܕܦܢܐ‬

‫צלע‬

CHAMBER Side

‫ܕܦܢܐ‬

‫צלע‬

̈ ‫ܕܦܢܬܐ‬

‫צלעות‬

Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Threshold, gatepost, porch, vestibule, guard room Steps, stairs

Columns, pillars, platforms Its thresholds, gateposts, porches, vestibules, guard rooms Porch, gatepost, lintel Porch, gatepost, lintel of the gate SIDE CHAMBER Side SIDE CHAMBERS Sides

SIDE CHAMBERS Sides

‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬

‫אל‬

‫עמדים‬

Pillars, columns

Pilaster of the doorway, entrance, opening Rib, side-chambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Rib, side-chambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Rib, side-chambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards,

Appendix 4: Terminology

LX

41:7 41:8 41:9

41:10 41:11 41:15

41:16 41:22

41:26 (MT 41:25) 41:26

SIDE CHAMBERS Sides

̈ ‫ܕܦܢܬܐ‬

‫צלעות‬

̈ ‫ܕܦܢܬܐ‬

‫צלעות‬

SIDE CHAMBER Side

‫ܕܦܢܐ‬

‫צלע‬

Ø

Ø

‫צלעות‬

‫ܐܟܣܕ� ܐ‬

‫לשׁכות‬

‫ܕܦܢܐ‬

‫צלע‬

SIDE CHAMBERS Sides

Galleries, corridors, balconies, cloisters, cells, chambers SIDE CHAMBER(S) Side

̈ Its parapets, ‫ܬܝܟܘܗܝ‬ railings, fences Porches, gateposts, ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ lintels of the gate of ‫ܕܬܪܥܐ ܕܕܪܬܐ‬ the court ̈ parapets, railings, ‫ܬܝܟܐ‬ fences Ø Ø ̈ Its parapets, ‫ܬܝܟܘܗܝ‬ railings, fences Ø Ø Face of the porch, gatepost, lintel

Porches, gateposts, lintels SIDE CHAMBERS Sides

̈ ‫ܐܦܘܗܝ‬ ‫ܕܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܦ�ܘܣܬܕܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܕܦܢܬܗ‬

‫אתיקיהא‬ ‫אלמי החצר‬ ‫ספים‬ ‫סף‬ ‫קירתיו עץ‬ ‫עב‬ ‫פני האולם‬ ‫האולם‬ ‫צלעות‬

leaves (of door) Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Rib, side-chambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) rooms, chambers, halls, cells Rib, side-chambers, cells, planks, boards, leaves (of door) Its galleries, porches Vestibules/porches of the court Thresholds, sills Threshold, sill

Its walls wood

(meaning unknown) Face of the vestibule, porch

Vestibule, porch Ribs, sidechambers, cells, planks, boards,

Appendix 4: Terminology

42:1 42:3 42:4 42:5

42:6 42:7,1 0,11, 12,13, 13,13 42:8,9

Boards, tablets, tables, wooden altars; pl. leaves (e.g. of a diptych) Gallery, corridor, balcony, cloister, cell, chamber Ø Ø

Galleries, corridors, balconies, cloisters, cells, chambers Galleries, corridors, balconies, cloisters, cells, chambers Steps, stairs Columns, pillars, platforms Columns, pillars, platforms Galleries, corridors, balconies, cloisters, cells, chambers Gallery, corridor, balcony, cloister, cell, chamber

LXI

leaves (of door) (meaning unknown)

̈ ‫ܕܦܐ‬

‫העבים‬

‫ܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬

‫לשׁכה‬

Ø Ø

‫אתיק‬

‫ܐܟܣܕ� ܐ‬

‫לשׁכות‬

rooms, chambers, halls, cells

‫לשׁכות‬

rooms, chambers, halls, cells

‫ܐܟܣܕ� ܐ‬ ‫ܕ�ܓܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܡܘܕܐ‬ ̈ ‫ܥܡܘܕܐ‬

‫אתיק‬

Ø ‫עמודים‬ ‫עמודי‬

room, chamber, hall, cell Gallery, porch Gallery, porch

Ø Pillars, columns

Pillars, columns

‫ܐܟܣܕ� ܐ‬

‫לשׁכות‬

rooms, chambers, halls, cells

‫ܐܟܣܕܪܐ‬

‫לשׁכות‬

rooms, chambers, halls, cells

BIBLIOGRAPHY LEXICA AND DICTIONARIES

A Greek-English Lexicon (1975), founded on the work of H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, 7th ed., Oxford: Clarendon. Koehler, L. and W. Baumgartner (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, revised by W. Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill. Payne Smith, J. (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon. Payne Smith, R. (1879), Thesaurus Syriacus. Oxford: Clarendon. Sokoloff, M. (2009) A Syriac Lexicon. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press and Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.

REFERENCE TEXTS

Cooke, G.A. (1936), A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark Ltd. David, C.J. (2010), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, Vol. 2, Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Harrison, R.K. (1979), Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan: W.B. Eerdmans. Miller, J. M. and J.H. Hayes, (1986), A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. London: SCM Press. Pietersma, Albert and B.G. Wright (eds.) (2007), A New English Translation of the Septuagent and the other Greek Translations traditionally included under that Title, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rahlfs, A. (1979), Septuaginta, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Rendtorff, R. (1985), The Old Testament, An Introduction, tr. J. Bowden. London: SCM Press. Ziegler, J. (1977), Septuaginta. Vol. XVI,1, Ezechiel, 2nd ed., Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

GENERAL INTEREST

Albrektson, B. (1963), Studies in the Text and Theology of the Book of Lamentations, STL 21. Lund: Gleerup. Bright, J. (1988), A History of Israel, 3rd ed., SCM. LXIII

LXIV

Bibliography

Carbajosa, I. (2008), The Character of the Syriac Version of Psalms, MPIL 17. Leiden: Brill. Greenberg, G. (2002), Translation Technique in the Peshiṭta to Jeremiah, MPIL 13. Leiden: Brill. Greenberg, G and D.M. Walter (2012), The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation, Isaiah, Surath Kthob. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Greenberg, G and D.M. Walter (2013), The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation, Jeremiah, Surath Kthob. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. McCarthy, C. (2013), The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation, Deuteronomy, Surath Kthob. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Rignell, G. (1994), The Peshiṭta to the Book of Job, ed. K.-E. Rignell. Kristianstad [Sweden]: Monitor. Walter, D. M. (2008), Studies in the Peshiṭta of Kings, T&S 3.7. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Walter, D.M. and G. Greenberg, (2012), The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation, The Twelve Prophets, Surath Kthob. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Walter, D.M. and G. Greenberg, (2013), The Syriac Peshitta Bible with English Translation, Lamentations, Prayer of Jeremiah, Epistle of Jeremiah and Epistles of Baruch, Surath Kthob. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Weitzman, M. P. (1999), The Syriac Version of the Old Testament, UCOP 56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Williams, P. J. (2001), Studies in the Syntax of the Peshiṭta of 1 Kings, MPIL 12. Leiden: Brill.

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

Ch. 

     

  

   

As for the rest of the tribes: from the east side as far as the west side — of Benjamin.

On the border of Benjamin, from the east side as far as the west side — of Simeon. On the border of Simeon, from the east side as far as the west side — of Issachar.

On the border of Issachar, from the east side as far as the west side — of Zebulun. On the border of Zebulun, from the east side as far as the west side — of Gad.

On the border of Gad, from the south side, his border will be from Tamar as far as the waters of Meribath, his holy inheritance as far as the great sea. This is the land which you shall divide, the inheritance of the tribes of Israel. These are their portions, says the Lord of lords.

These are the ways out of the city, on the north side: a measurement of four thousand five hundred. The city gates (shall be named) by the names of the tribes of the children of Israel: on the north, three gates, one for Reuben, one for Judah, and one for Levi. On the east: a measurement of four thousand five hundred. Three gates, one for Joseph, one for Benjamin, and one for Dan. On the south: a measurement of four thousand five hundred. Three gates, one for Simeon, one for Issachar, and one for Zebulun. On the west: a measurement of four thousand five hundred. Three gates, one for Gad, one for Asher, and one for Naphtali.

All around, eighteen thousand. The name of the city, from that day, 1 (shall be) ‘The Lord is its name’.

1

‘that day’: lit. ‘its days’.



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܛܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥـܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣ ݂ ܳܟܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣ ݂ ܳܟـܪ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܰܕܙ ݂ ܽܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܕܙ ݂ ܽܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓ ݂ܕ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡـܪ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܡ ̈ܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ݁ ܺܕܝܫ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܶ�ܗ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥ ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܠ ܽܓ ـܘܢ ܝܳ ـܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܛ ـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܳܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܗܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܐܢ ܶܝــܢ‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ ̱ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݂ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܦܠ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܡ ݁ ̈ܦ ܳܩܢ ̇‬ ‫ܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥـܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫� ܘ ݂ܬ�ܥ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܫܡܗܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫݂ ܰܬ�ܥܺܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܶܒܝܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܶ� ܺܘܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܬ�ܥܺܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕܝܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܒ ܘ ݂ܒܡ ݂ܕܢܚܐ ܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܡܐܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥ ـܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝ ـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ـܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬ�ܥܺܝــܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܡܫ ـܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܫܡܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕܐܝܣ ݂ܟܪ‪ :‬ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕܙ ݂ܒܘܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬ�ܥܺܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ݂ܳܓـ ݂ܕ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܕ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܡܫܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܝܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ̇ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ̇‬ ‫ܡܗ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ܘܚ ݂ܕ �ܝܗ ܬܡܢܬܥܣܪ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

 







  



They will have a portion from the portion of the land (that was set aside), the holy of holies, by the border of the Levites.

(For) the Levites, in front of the priests’ border: length, twenty-five thousand; width, ten thousand — their whole place, twenty-five thousand; width, ten thousand. They shall not sell nor exchange any of it, nor transfer the first fruits of the land, for it is holy to the Lord.

Five thousand that remain, in front of 1 the twenty-five thousand: this is a place for the city, for dwelling places and for open land, so that there may be a city in the middle of it. These are the measurements: on the north side, four thousand five hundred; on the east, four thousand five hundred; on the south, four thousand five hundred; on the west, four thousand five hundred. This will be the open land belonging to the city: on the north, two hundred and fifty; on the south, two hundred and fifty; on the west, two hundred and fifty; on the east, two hundred and fifty.

That which remains in front of the sanctified portion: ten thousand to the east; ten thousand to the west, shall be in front of the sanctified portion. Its produce will be for food for those who work for the city. Those who work for the city: its work shall be done by all the tribes of Israel. Its whole portion: twenty-five thousand by twenty-five thousand. Separate the sanctified portion from the city’s inheritance.

That which remains will be for the leader of the country, from the sanctified portion and from the city’s inheritance. To the eastern border, twenty-five thousand; to the west, twenty-five thousand to the western border, in front of the portion of the leader. It will be the sanctified portion, 2 the sanctuary of the house in the middle of it.

From the inheritance of the Levites, and from the inheritance of the city: the part for the leader shall be in the city, between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin. ‘in front of’: lit. ‘at the mouth/entrance to’. 2 ‘sanctified portion’1,2, and ‘portion of the leader’: two different Syriac words for ‘portion’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ :‬ܩـ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢـܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܦـ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶ� ܳܘ�̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܘ�̈ܶܐ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟܠܶـܗ ܰܐ ݂ܬܪ ܽܗܘܢ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܥ ܶܣـ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܶ ܳ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܪܝــܢ ܘܚܡܫـܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܰܫـܐ‬ ‫� ܰܢܙ ݁ܒ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢܶܗ ܘ� ܰܢܚ� ݂ܦܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܥܒܪܘܢ �ܝܫܝ ݂‬ ‫̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡܫ ݁ܬ ܰܚܪ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܦܘܡ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܕܘ ݁ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܛܚܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ � ܰܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܠܝܢ ܡܘܫܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܡܫܡܐܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܬܝܡܢܐ ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܡܫܡܐܐ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܥܪ ݂ܒـܐ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ܰܡܐ ݂ܬܶܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܗܘܐ ܫܛܚܗ ܕܡܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ ܰܡܐ ݂ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ ܶ‪ :‬ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ܰ ݂ܳ ̱ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܡܫܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܥܪ ݂ܒܐ ܡܐ ݂ܬܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡ ݂ܕܢܚܐ ܡܐ ݂ܬܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܫ ݁ܬ ܰܚܪ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܠـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ�ܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܺ‬ ‫�ܚܝܢ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܐ ݂ܟܘܠ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܠܚ ܠܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ܬܦܠܚ ܡܢ ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܫ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܒܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܫـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܘ݂ܕܡܫܬܚܪ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܥ ܶܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܥܪ ݂ܒـܐ ܥܣܪܝـܢ‬ ‫݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܽ :‬ܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܳܦܠ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܗܘܐܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢ ـܐ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܢ ܝܳ ـܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܳܘ�̈ܶـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܢ ܝܳ ـܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ـ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܡܢ ـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 



      

 



These are the names of the tribes: from the farthest north alongside the way to Hethron on the ascent to Hamath, and to Hazar-Enan; and the border of Damascus in the north which is by the side of Hamath: this is the east side, the sea of Dan.

By the border of Dan, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Asher. By the border of Asher, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Naphtali.

By the border of Naphtali, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Manasseh.

By the border of Manasseh, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Reuben. By the border of Reuben, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Ephraim. By the border of Ephraim, from the east side as far as the west side, (the portion) of Judah.

By the border of Judah, from the east side as far as the west side, shall be the portion that you divide: twenty-five thousand wide, and as long as one of the other portions, from the east side as far as the west side. The sanctuary shall be in its midst.

The portion which you set aside for the Lord: length, twenty-five thousand; width, ten thousand.

There will be a sanctified portion for the priests: to the north, twentyfive thousand; width, ten thousand; to the west, ten thousand; to the east, ten thousand; to the south, twenty-five thousand. The sanctuary of the Lord will be in the middle of it.

It will be for the priests, the sanctified of the sons of Zadok, who fulfilled my charge, who did not go astray as the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray.



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܡܚ‪.‬‬

‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܛـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܰܚـܪ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܝܰـ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚـ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܨܪ ܥܰ ܳܝܢܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܣܘܩ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܠ ܝܰـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ ̈ܕ ܳܢ ܰܚܝ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܺ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܝܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚ ـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡ ـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ـܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܶ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܝــܪ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܺܠـܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܬܚܘܡܐ ݂ܕܢ ݂ܦ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ـܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚ ـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡ ـܐ � ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܶܫ ـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܶܒܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܶܒܝـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܦ ܶܪܝܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܦ ܶܪܝܡ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܪܘ ܳܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‪ :‬ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܽ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܺ‬ ‫݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܐ ݂‬ ‫ܪܫܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܫܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫـܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫ ـܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝـܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫـܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝ ـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝــܢ ܘܚ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ�ܐ ܥܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡܥܪ ݂ܒܐ ܥܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܠܡ ݂ܕܢܚܐ ܥ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܺܫܝܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ܝ ܳܨ ݂ ܽܕܘܩ ݁ ܰܕܢܛܪ ̱ܘ ܢܛܘ ܳ� ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܛܥـܘ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕܛܥܰܘ ܶ� ܳܘ�̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܛܥܘ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  



Marking the boundary as far as Nachah on the ascent to Hamath. This is the west side. You shall divide up this land among the tribes of Israel.

When you have divided the inheritance among yourselves, and among those who turn to me and live among you and have born children among you (so that) they are as children of Israel: with you, they will divide up the inheritance among the tribes of Israel.

Any tribe in which there is one who turns towards me shall give him an inheritance in it, says the Lord of lords.



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܚܡ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܳܟܚ ݁ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܽܪܘ ܳܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܓܘܢ ̇ܗ �ܪܥܐ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܠܫ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܠ ܶܓ ݁ ܽܬ ܳܘܢـ ̇ܗ ܝܳـܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ�ܝܠ ܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶܝـܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܘܠ ـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ‪ :‬ܢ ـܗܘܘܢ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ܒܢ ـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܰܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ܽ ݂ܓܘܢ ܝܪܬܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܫ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܒ ̇ܗ ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢ ܶܠܗ ܝܳـܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܫܪ ܒ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݂ܳܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



XXVIII







  





But its mouth and its sources 1 shall not be sweet, but shall be salty. By the torrent, there will spring up, on its banks, here and there, all (kinds of) fruit tree, and their leaves will not fall and their fruit will not fail: they will bear fruit on the first day of every month, because the waters which water them flow out from the sanctuary. Their fruits are for food, and their leaves are for healing.

Thus says the Lord of lords: The valleys at the borders define the inheritance of the land 2 (for) the twelve tribes of Israel, and for a portion 3 for Joseph. You will inherit it, each from his brothers, for I have lifted up my hand to give it to your fathers, and you will divide up the land among yourselves 4 as an inheritance. This is the border of the land, north of the great sea: by way of Hethron, going towards Zedad,

Hamath, Beroth, and Sepharvim, which lies between the borders of Damascus and Hamath, 5 to middle Hazar on the border of Hauran.

The border will run from the sea to Hazar-enan on the border of Damascus and Zipon in the north on the border of Hamath. This is the north side. On the east side, from between Hauran, Damascus, and Gilead; 6 and from between the land of Israel and the Jordan: this marks the border to the sea east of Tamar — this is the east side. The south side: from Tamar as far as the waters of Meribath — Kadesh 7 is the inheritance of the great sea,

‘mouth and its sources’: lit. ‘exits and entrances’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘define the inheritance of the land’: lit. ‘which are inheriting the land’. 3 ‘for a portion’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 4 ‘you will divide up the land among yourselves’: lit. ‘the land will be divided for you’. 5 ‘and Hamath’: lit. ‘and between the borders of Hamath’. 6 ‘Damascus, and Gilead’: lit. ‘and from between Damascus and from between Gilead’. 7 ‘waters of Meribath — Kadesh’: in MT ‘waters of Meriboth Kadesh’ although ASV renders ‘waters of strife [in] Kadesh’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܘܡܥ ̈ ܳ� ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ܳ� ܢܶ ݂ܒܣ ܽܡܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ̈ܦ ܳܩ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܢܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚــܘܢ ܥܰــܠ ܣ ݂ ܳܦ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܝــܗ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟــܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟــܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟــܠ ܐ ܺܝܠــܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒــܗ ܒܪܓܠــ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܽ ݂݁ܳ ܳ ܶ݁ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܕܡܐ ݂ܟܘܠܬܐ‪ � :‬ܢܬܪܘܢ ܛ� ݂ܦܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢ ݂ܓܡـܪܘܢ ܦܐ �ܝـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟـܠ ܪܝـܫ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܺ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܝ� ܶܚܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܺܩܝـܢ‪ :‬ܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܡ ݂ܒܟܪܝܢ‪ ܰ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕܡܝܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ݂‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ‪ :‬ܘܛ� ݂ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܺܦܐ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳ� ܽ‬ ‫ܣܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ̈ܚ ܶ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡܐ ݂ܕܝܳܪ ݁ ܺܬܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒܛܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕܝܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ ܺܬܐܪ ݁ ܽܬ ܳܘܢ ̇ܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܰܚ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ܳ� ̇ܗ � ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܠ ܰ ݂ܓ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ � ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰܢܘ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥܐ� ܰܠܨ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘܣ ݂ ܰܦ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܘܝܡ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡـܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܣـܘܩ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܕ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܨܪ ܶܡܨ ܳܥܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚـܨܪ ܥܰ ܳܝܢـܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܝܰ ܳܡـܐ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܣـܘܩ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܨ ݂ܦ ܽܝـܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܕ ܰܡܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ݁ ܶܒܝܬ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܣـܘܩ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥ ݂ܕ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ܰܚܡ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܘܝܘܪ݁ܕ ܳܢܢ ܡ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬ ܳܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ݁ ܳܬ ܳܡܪ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ܰ ̈ܡܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ݁ ܺܕܝܫ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܶ�ܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 











  





Again he took me in to the gate of the house. I saw water flowing out from below the porch to the east of the house. This water flowed downwards, from the side of the house, from the south of the altar. He brought me out by the north gate. He took me around the outside, to the gate of the court that faces east, and I saw water flowing out from the right side. When the glorious man went out, a measuring (line) in his hand, he measured one thousand cubits. He made me pass through the water, ankle deep.

He measured one thousand cubits. He made me pass through the water, knee deep. He measured one thousand cubits. He made me pass through the water, waist 1 deep. He measured one thousand cubits: a torrent through which a man could not pass, because of the quantity of the water 2 and the strength of the torrent. A man could not pass through it.

He said to me: Do you see, mortal man? — he brought me, he sat me down at the side of the torrent.

When I had sat down I saw, at the side of the torrent, many trees, here and there.

He said to me: This water which flows round eastwards 3 will run down to the north 4 and flow 5 into the sea, into the stagnant waters, and will sweeten the waters. And every living thing which is brought forth by the place where the waters of the torrent are — (it) lives, and there will be many fish, because these waters which flow there sweeten the waters.

The fishermen stand over it, from En-Gad as far as En-eglin; there are places to dry the nets; there are (as) many fish in it as in the great sea. ‘waist’: lit. ‘loins’. ‘quantity of the water’: lit. ‘the waters had multiplied’. 3 ‘eastwards’: lit. ‘that is in the east’. 4 ‘to the north’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘flows … flow’: lit. ‘goes out … falls’. See too 47:9. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܡܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘܗ ݂ ܰܦ ـ ݂ܟ ܐܥܠ ܰܢ ـ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ܬܪܥ ـܗ ܕ ݂ܒܝ ـ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ̈ܝ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܺܩܝــܢ ܶܡ ـܢ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝ ـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܶܤ ܶ‬ ‫ܛܪܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ‬ ‫ܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ܡ ݂ܕܢܚܝܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܗܢܘܢ ܡܝܐ ܢܚ‬ ‫݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ� ܶܝܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܢـܝ ܶܡـܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚـܐܪ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܐܦܩ ̱‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܟܪ ݂ ܰܟ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪ :‬ܘܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܡܝܐ ݂ܕܢ ݂ܦܩܝܢ ܡܢ ܤܛܪܗ ݁ܕܝܰܡܝܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ܰܦـܩ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܡ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܒـܚ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫـܚ ܐ ܶܠـ ݂ܦ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܫـܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܐܝـ ݂ܕܗ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩܘ�ܨ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ̱ܢܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܐ ܶܠ ݂ܦ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܐ ܶܠ ݂ܦ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ̱ܢܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ܒܘ� ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥ ݁ܒܪ ̱ܢܝ ݁ܒܡܝܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕܡܐ ܠܚܨ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳ� ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܫ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܰܟ ـܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܥ ݁ܒ ـ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛ ـܠ‬ ‫ܡܫ ـܚ ܐ ܶܠ ـ ݂ܦ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝ ـܢ‪ :‬ܪ ݂ܓܠ ـ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܣ ܺ ݂ܓܝܘ ܡܝܐ ܘܥܫܢ ݂ܬ ܪ ݂ܶܓܠܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ̱ܢܫ ܡܫ ݁ܟܚ ܠܡܥ ݁ܒܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܥܰܠ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݂ܶܓܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒ ̱‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܚ ܶܙ ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܚ ܺܙܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݂ܶܓܠ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕܛ ݂ܒ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܺܝܐܝܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ̈ܝܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܺܩܝܢ ܰܠ ݂ܓܠܝـ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܢܚ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘܢ ݂ܦܠ ܺܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܣ ܰ� ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܡܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܚܐܶܝـܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܘܝـܢ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫܐ ܰܚܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܘ� ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܐ ݁ܬܪ ݁ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ܬ ܡܝܐ ݂ܕܪ ݂ܓܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦܠ ܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܡܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܨ ܳܝ ݂ ̈ܕ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܥܺܝـܢ ݁ ܳܓـ ݂ܕ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ �ܥܺܝـܢ ܥ ܶ ݂̈ܓܠܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ̈ܫܛ ܶܚـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܨ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 







  

He brought me in by the entrance by the side of the inner gallery of the priests’ holy place, facing north. I saw that there was an area there, low down, on the west. He said to me: This is the place in which the priests boil the (meat for) the sin offering, and bake the meal offering, so that they do not go out to the outer court and sanctify the people.

He took me out, to the outer court; he took me around 1 the four sides of the court, and I saw a court by the side of the court, and another court by another side of the court. On the four sides of the court, courts in front, forty cubits long and thirty wide,

And galleries around these four courts. 2

He said to me: This is the cooks’ house, in which those who serve the house boil the people’s sacrifice.

‘took me around’: lit. ‘made me pass over’. 2 ‘these four courts’: lit. ‘their fours’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܰܘܐܥܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓـ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܠ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܫ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܶܠ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܟ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܰܢܘ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܒܫܠܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚܛـ ̈ܗܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܶܦܝـܢ ݁ ܶܒـܗ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩܘܢ � ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ ܰܘ ܰܢܩ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘܢܶܗ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ̱ܢܝ ܥܰܠ ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܶܤܛ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܘܐ ݁ܦ ܰܩܢܝ �ܕܪܬܐ ܒܪܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̱ ݁ܳ ݁ ݂ܳ ܳ ݂݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܒܣܛܪ ܕܪܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܪܬܐ ܐ̱ܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܣܛܪ ܐ ܐ̱ܚܪ ܢܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܒ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܶܤܛ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ � ܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݁ ̈ܕ ܳܩـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ܐ ܽܘܪ ݂ܟ ܶܗܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܐ ݂ܟܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ�ܢ �� ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ̈ܡ ܳܫ ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܰܢܘ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܛ ݁ ܳܒ ̈ܚܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܡ ݂ ܰܒܫܠܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܒܚـ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 



 

  



But the leader who is among you shall go out by the gate through which he came in. 1

At the time of the appointed feast the meal offering shall be: a seah for the bull, a seah for the ram, each for the lamb according to his means, adding a hin of oil for (each) seah.

When the leader offers whole burnt offerings or sacrificial-offerings, set apart for the Lord, the gate facing east, which is shut, will be opened for him. He will bring his whole burnt offerings and his sacrificial-offerings. He will shut the gate, and then he will go out, as he does on the Sabbath day. A one year old lamb, with no blemish, he shall offer daily: a whole burnt offering to the Lord, every morning. 2

He will offer a meal offering for it every morning, one sixth of a seah; of oil, one third of a hin, to knead with the meal offering to the Lord: a continual everlasting law. They will bring lambs, a meal offering, and oil, every morning: a whole burnt offering, continually.

Thus says the Lord of lords: When a leader gives a gift to one of his sons, it shall be his sons’ inheritance. 3

When he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; 4 (then) it will return to the leader, and it will be his sons’ inheritance. The leader shall not take from the inheritance of the people, and shall not defraud them of their inheritance, but shall arrange his sons’ inheritance from his (own) inheritance, so that my people shall not be scattered, each (away) from his inheritance. 5

1 ‘shall go out by the gate through which he came in’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 2 ‘every morning’: lit. ‘from morning to morning’. So too passim. 3 ‘(then) it will return to the leader, and it will be his sons’ inheritance’: lit. ‘it will be the leader’s, but an inheritance of his sons it will be for them’. 4 ‘liberty’: lit. ‘setting free’. 5 ‘shall arrange his sons’ inheritance from his (own) inheritance’: lit. ‘but from his inheritance he shall make his sons inherit’.



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܕ ݂ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ � ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ� ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ܕܥܺܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܣܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ‬ ‫ܡـܪ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܶܛܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢ ـܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩ ـ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢ ـܐ ܝܰ ̈ܩ ـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܘ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶ ـܐ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ� ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܚܝـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܩـ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܫ� ̈ܡـܐ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ܬܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܐܚ ݁ ܺܕܝـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝـܢ ܢܶܦـܘܩ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‪ :‬ܝܰܩـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܐ ݂ܒܪ ܫܢ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܨ ݂ܦܪ ܠܨ ݂ܦܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܣـܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚـܐ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܢܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ ܨ ݂ ܰܦܪ ܰܠܨ ݂ ܰܦܪ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܫـ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܦܠܶـܗ ܰܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܣܡܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣـܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐܝ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫�ܡܐ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐܝ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܩܪ ݂ܒܘܢ ܐܡ� ܐ ܘܣܡܝ ݂ܕ ܐ ܘܡܫܚܐ ܡܢ ܨ ݂ܦܪ ܠܨ ݂ܦܪ‪ :‬ܝܩܕ ܐ ܫ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟܽ ܳܢܐ ܶ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݁ܬܠ ܡܘܗ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܝܳܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܗ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪݁ :‬ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܳܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܬܶܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݁ܬܠ ܡܘܗ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠܗ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܝܳـܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܪܪ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶܠܫܢ̱‬ ‫݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܢܶ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܳܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܥܠܘ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܽܝـܘܪ ݁ܬ ܽܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܶܡܢ ܝܳܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܝܳܪ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܬܗ ܰܢܘܪ ݂ܬ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕܪܘܢ ܥܰ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XXVII





 



 

 

Chapter  Thus says the Lord of lords: The gate of the inner court, which faces east, shall be closed for six days on which work is done. It shall be opened on the Sabbath day, and it shall be opened on the first day of the month.

The leader will go in by the entrance in the porch of the gate, from outside. He will stand in the porch of the gate. The priests will offer his whole burnt offerings, and his sacrificial-offerings, and he will make bow down in the porch of the gate, and he will go out. The gate will not be closed until the evening. The people of the land will bow down in the entrance to that gate on the Sabbaths, and on the first day of each month, before the Lord. The whole burnt offerings which the leader offers before the Lord on the Sabbath day: six lambs with no blemish, a ram with no blemish,

And he shall make a meal offering: a seah for a bull, a seah for a ram, for a lamb according to his means, 1 adding 2 a hin of oil for (each) seah. And on the first day of the month a bull with no blemish, six lambs with no blemish, and a ram with no blemish.

And he shall make a meal offering: a seah for the bull, a seah for the ram, for the lamb according to his means, and a hin of oil for (each) seah. When the leader comes in, he shall come in by the porch of the gate and go out by it.

When the people of the land come in before the Lord at the time of the appointed feast, he who enters by the north gate to make obeisance shall go out by the south gate; he who enters by the south gate shall go out by the north gate. He shall not return through the gate by which he went in, but shall go out straight ahead. ‘according to his means’: lit. ‘as it comes in his hands’. So too 46:7. 2 ‘adding’: lit. ‘for/but’. So too 46:7,11. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܙ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܡܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܺܚܝـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓـܘܝܬܐ ݂ܕܚـܐܪ ܠܡ ݂ܕܢܚـܐ‪ :‬ܢـ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܚ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝܘܡܐܳ‬ ‫ܫ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܫܒ ݂ܬܐ ܢ ݂ܬܦ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕܪܝܫ ܝܪܚܐ ܢ ݂ܬܦ ݂ܬܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶܡܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽܢܩـܘܡ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܘ� ܽܥܘܠ ܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ݂ܒܡܥ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥــܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܩܪ ݂ ܽܒــܘܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶــܐ ܝܰ ̈ܩــ ݁ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܫ� ̈ܡــܐ ܘ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒ ܰܢــܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܣ ݁ ܽܟــܘ ݂ܦ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܣܓܘ݂ܕ ܒܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ�ܢܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܣ ݁ܓ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܗܘ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝـܫ ܰܝ� ܶܚـܐ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܫـ ݁ܬܐ ܐܡ ܺ�ܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܡܛ ـܐ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ـܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ـ ݂ܬܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܣ ـܐ ݂ܬܐ � ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ـܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܡـ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝܫ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ݁ܬܐ ܐܡ ܺ�ܝܢ ݁ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܡܛ ـܐ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ـܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ـ ݂ܬܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܣ ـܐ ݂ܬܐ � ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ـܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܡـ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐܠ ܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ‪ :‬ܒܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐܠܝܢ ܥܡܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܡܪ�ܐ ݂ܒܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܕܥܐ ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܕܥـܐܠ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ܠ ܶܡܣ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܠܗ ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܬܝܡ�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܡـܢ ܕܥـܐܠ ܒ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥـܐܠ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܝܡ� ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܦܘܩ ܠܗ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܗ ݁ܦـܘ ݂ܟ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠܗ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

 

The leader will offer on that day, for himself and for 1 all the people of the land, a bull for the sin offering.

On the seven days of the appointed feast he will offer to the Lord whole burnt offerings, seven bulls and seven rams without blemish; and for the purification of sins, a goat kid daily. And a seah of meal for the bull, and a seah 2 for the ram, and one hin of oil for each seah.

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month he will make an appointed feast as on these seven days, like the sin offering, like the whole burnt offerings, like the meal offering, and like the oil.

‘himself and for’: lit. ‘for the face of his soul and for the face of’. 2 ‘seah’: approximately one fifth of a bushel/5 quarts. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘ ܰܢܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫـܗ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ‬ ‫ܰܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ܳܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚܛ ̈ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܡܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕܥܰ ݂ܕܥܺܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡـܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ ݂ܬܘ�ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܺ�ܝܢ ݁ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚܛـ ̈ܗܐ‪ܶ :‬ܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܶ�ـ ̈ܙ ܐ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ � ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܣܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ݂ܕܥܺܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ݂ܕܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

    

 

 

 

Set the measure and the weight so that they will consistently 1 measure the tithes, one from ten.

There will be twenty weights. One of them will be twenty-five minas, 2 and a weight of fifteen shall be your mina.

You shall set apart 3 this portion: one of every six parts of a cor of wheat, one of every six parts of a cor 4 of barley. Of the oil, from ten measures equaling one cor, they shall take for tithes (the oil of) one measure.

One ewe out of two hundred sheep of Israel as the meal offering, the sacrificial offerings, and the whole burnt offering which will purify them, says the Lord of lords. All the people of the land will set apart this portion for the leader of Israel.

They will be the whole burnt offerings of the leader, and the meal offering, and the drink offering, on the first day of the months, and on Sabbaths. On all the appointed festivals of the house of Israel, he will bring the sin offering, the meal offering, and the drink offering, and the whole burnt offering: 5 an offering which purifies the children of Israel.

Thus says the Lord of lords: On the first day of the first month, take a bullock on which there is no blemish, and purify the sanctuary.

The priest will take some of the blood of the purification and sprinkle it in the porches of the house, and upon the four corners of the altar, and on the porch of the gate of the inner court. Thus will he do on the seventh day of the month (on behalf of) the man who turns aside, goes astray: he will purify the house.

On the fourteenth day of the first month you will celebrate Passover and an appointed feast: for seven days, you will eat unleavened bread. ‘consistently’: lit. ‘similarly/in like manner’. ‘mina’: ‘a small coin’. MT perhaps (P is free here) ‫גרה‬, one twentieth part of a shekel; a shekel was about half an ounce. 3 ‘You shall set apart’: the Syriac verb is an imperative. 4 ‘cor’: a measure of dry weight, approximately 5 bushels. 5 ‘the drink offering, and the whole burnt offering’. MT ‫‘ העולה ואת־תשלמים‬the burnt offering and the peace offerings’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫݁ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳܺ‬ ‫ܘ�ܐܝ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܝܠܬܐ ܘܡ ݂ܬܩ� ݂ܬܩܢ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܗܘܘܢ ܫܩܠܝܢ ܡܥܣ� ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܥܣܪ ܐ ܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݂ܬ ܳܩ ܳ� ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܳ ̈ܩ ܶ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ܳܡ ܺ� ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܳܩـ�‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܡ ܳܢܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܚܡܫ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ̈ܚܛܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܶܫـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܫ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܗ ܕ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ݁ܟ ܳ ̈ܝܠ ܳܢ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܣ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ܶܡܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܟ ܳܝܠ ݁ܬܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܩܝܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܐ ݂ܬܶܝܢ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܡܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܘܠ ܽܩܘܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܢـܐ ܰܘ� ܰܝܩـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܡܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܢ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ܦܪܫܘܢ ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܡܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܽܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܝـܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝـܫ ܰܝ� ܶܚـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܡܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܗܘ ܢܩܪ ݂ܒ ܬ݂ܕܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰ� ݂ ̈ܕܥܺܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ݁ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܘܩܝܐ ܘܝܩܕ ܐ ܫ�ܡܐ‪ :‬ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕ ܟܐ ܠ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܰܩܕ ܳܡ ܳܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣـܒ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܟܝ ̱ܗܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘ� ܽܪܘܣ ܥܰܠ ܐܣ ݁ ̈ܟ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܘܢܣ ݂ܒ ܟܗܢܐ ܡܢ ܕܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ݂ܕܟܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܳܙ ̈ܘܝܳ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܗ ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫܛܐ ܘܛܥ ܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܽܟܘܢܶܗ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܒܫ ݂ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܚܐ ܘܥܰ ݂ܕܥܺـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܦܛ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 



  













When you divide up the land, separate a portion for the Lord, sanctify (part of) the land. It will be twenty-five thousand long, ten thousand wide, and all its borders around it will be holy.

There will be, for the sanctuary, five hundred by five hundred — it will be a square, 1 an open space of fifty cubits.

From this, the measurement will be: length twenty-five thousand, width ten thousand; and the holy of holies will be in it.

The holy part of the land will be for the priests who serve the sanctuary of the Lord, who approach to serve the Lord. It will be for them, a place for (their) houses and a sanctuary for the holy places. It will be twenty-five thousand long, ten thousand wide. There will be an inheritance of twenty houses for the Levites who serve in the house.

The inheritance of the city will be five thousand wide and twenty-five thousand long, in front of the portion for the sanctuary. It will be for all those of the house of Israel, And for the leader of the people, for the holy portion, and for the inheritance of the city. From east to west its length will be opposite the separated portion, 2 from east to west.

The inheritance will be for the children of Israel, and the leaders of my people will harm them no more. They will give the land to the children of Israel for their families. Thus says the Lord of lords: It is enough for you, noblemen of Israel. Relinquish 3 violence and plunder; act justly and righteously; cease 4 your subjugation of my people, says the Lord of lords. You shall use a true balance, a true measure, and true weights.

‘a square’: lit. ‘square around’. ‘separated portion’: lit. ‘division’. 3 ‘Relinquish’: lit. ‘Make pass away from you’. 4 ‘cease’: lit. ‘remove’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܡܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܦܠ ܺܓܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪݁ :‬ܦ ܽܪܘܫ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܽܘܪ ݁ ܳܟ ̇ܗ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܳـ ̇ܗ ܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕ ܝ ̈ ܺܫܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܚ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܳܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳܶ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ�ܐ ܥ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܡܫܘܚ ݂‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ܩܘ݂ܕ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ ܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ̈ܕ ܶܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳܡ ܽܫܘ ݂ܬܗ ܠܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܗܘܐ �ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܬܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܣܪ ܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ�ܘ�ܐ ݂ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ ܒ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܳܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫـܐ ܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܪܝـܢ ܘܚ‬ ‫ܝܘܪܬ�ܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܚܡܫܐ ܐܠ ݂ܦܝܢ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܳܦܠ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܐ ܝܘܪܬ�ܐ ܠ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܡـܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐ ܶܝـܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܰܢـܗܪܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ� ܢܶـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܫ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܐܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݁ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ܟܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢـܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡـܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܚܛܘ ݂ܦ ܳܝܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ ܳ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܶܪܩـ ̱ܘ ܽܫܘܥ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܢ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܣܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܩܘܫܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܝܠܬܐ ݂ܕܩܘܫܬܐ ܘܡ ݂ܬܩ� ݂ܕܩܘܫ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܕܫ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܐܠ ݂ ܺܦ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ‬

Ch. 



  



On the day when he enters the sanctuary, to the inner court, to serve in the holy place, he shall offer his cleansing offering, 1 says the Lord of lords. It shall be an inheritance for them: I am their inheritance. You shall not give them a portion in Israel: I am their portion. They shall eat the meal offering and the sin offering. 2 Every devoted thing in Israel shall be theirs.

The first of all the first fruits of all the offerings that you set apart shall be for the priests, and give to the priests the first (portion) of your dough, 3 so that there will be a blessing upon your houses.

The priests shall not eat anything which died from disease, 4 or carrion, 5 whether bird or beast.

̈ ‘his cleansing offering’. MT ‫‘ חטאתו‬his sin offering’. In 44:29 ‫ ܬܕܟܝܬܐ‬with ‫ܕܚܛܗܐ‬ means ‘sin offering’. 2 ‘the meal offering and the sin offering’: P has reduced the three terms of MT ‘the (grain?) offering and the sin offering and the guilt/trespass offering’ to two. Similarly 45:17,22,23,25, 46:20. 3 ‘dough’ or ‘kneading-trough’. 4 ‘died from disease’: lit. ‘sick’. 5 ‘carrion’: lit. ‘torn’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠ‬ ‫‪� ‬‬

‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐܶܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳܡ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܒ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢܩـ ܶܪ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܠܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ �ـ ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓـܘܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܬܗ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠـܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ � ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܽܝـܘܪ ݁ܬ ܽܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡܢـ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛـ ̈ܶܗܐ ܶܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܶܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‬ ‫ܪܡـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܐ‬ ‫ܣܡܝـ ݂ܕ ܐ ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܕܟܝـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݁ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ܺ .‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܪܫܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܝܫ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܽܒܘ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܝـܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܐ ̈ܨ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܒܘܪ ݁ܟ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ܬ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ � :‬ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܕܡܫܢܩ ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܒܝܪ ܡܢ ܦܪܚ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

   







When they enter by the gate of the inner court they shall wear linen garments, they will not wear wool, when they minister at the gate of the inner court.

They shall wear linen turbans 1 on their heads; they shall bind linen girdles around their hips. 2

When they go out, to the outer court, to the people, they shall strip off the garments in which they ministered, leave them in the sanctified 3 galleries, and put on other garments, so that they do not sanctify the people with their garments. They shall not shave their heads, nor let their hair 4 grow long, but they shall keep their hair short. 5 When the priests enter the inner court, they shall not drink wine.

They shall not marry a widow or a divorced woman, but they may marry a virgin of the seed of Israel or the widow of a priest. 6 They will teach my people (to distinguish) between the consecrated and the unconsecrated, they will know (the difference) between the polluted and the pure. They will stand in judgment concerning these controversies, judge my controversies, and keep my laws and my commandments, at all times of my appointed festivals. They will sanctify my Sabbaths.

They shall not come into contact with 7 a dead person, so as not to defile themselves, for other than 8 with his father, or his mother, or his son, or his daughter, or his brother, or his virgin sister 9 who has not been with a man, they would defile themselves. After being defiled, he shall count 10 seven days; then he will be clean. ‘shall wear linen turbans’: lit. ‘inside linen turbans they shall set on their heads’. 2 ‘hips’: lit. ‘loins’. 3 ‘sanctified’: lit. ‘holy’. So passim. 4 ‘hair’: lit. ‘curls/ringlets’. 5 ‘keep their hair short’: lit. ‘indeed cut their heads’. 6 ‘the widow of a priest’: lit. ‘a widow who is the widow of a priest’. 7 ‘come into contact with’: lit. ‘enter to’. 8 ‘other than’: lit. ‘only/but that’. 9 ‘with his father …’: ‘with’ precedes each category in this series of relatives. 10 ‘count’: lit. ‘count for himself’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܪ ܐ �‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ܬ ܳܢـܐ ܢܶ� ݁ܒ ܽܫـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܥ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐܠܝܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܢܶ� ݁ܒ ܽܫܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܢܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ ݁ܒ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ� ܙܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܝܚ ܐ ݂ܦ ܠ ݂ܓܘ ܡܨܢ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܚـܘܢ ܳܡ ܰܐ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܺܩܝܢ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣـ ݂ܕ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ� ݁ܒ ܽܫـܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ܐ̱ܚ ܳ� ܢܶـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ�‬ ‫ܰܢܩ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘܢܶܗ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ܳܡ ܰܐ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳ� ܢܶܓܪ ܽܥܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ̈ܘ ܳܨ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰܢܪ ݁ ܽܒܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܡ ܰܣ ݁ ܳܦ ܽܪܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݁ܦ ܽܪܘܢ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܟ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ܳ� ܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ܳܡܐ ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܢ � ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ� ܢܶܣ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘܐܪܡܠܬܐ ܘܫ ݂ܒܝܩ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܠـ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܐܪܡܠܬܐ ݂ܕܡܪܡ� ܡܢ ܟܗܢܐ ܢܣ ݂ܒܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܳܘ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܘ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢܶܗ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܝ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܣܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ � ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘ ܰܢ� ݂ܦܘܢ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܽܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܘܢ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܳܕܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ܝ̈ܢܝ ܢ ݂ ܽܕ ܽܘܢـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘܢ ܽܡـ ̈ܘ ܰܣܝ ܘ ݂ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܙ ݂ ̈ܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ̈ܘ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܝ ܰܢܩ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܐܢ ݁ ܰܒܐ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܗ ܘܥܰܠ ܡܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܪܢܫܐ � ܢܥܠܘܢ ܕ� ܢܣ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀‬ ‫ܰܐܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒــ ܶܪܗ‪ܰ :‬ܐܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒــܪ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܰ :‬ܐܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܚــܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܐܘ ݁ܒ ܳܚــ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܠــ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܢܶܣ ݁ܬܝ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝܰ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܢܶܡܢܶܐ ܶܠܗ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܘ ܘܡܢ ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܕܡܣ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 











 XXVI





Thus says the Lord of lords: no foreigner, 1 uncircumcised of heart, uncircumcised of flesh, shall 2 enter my sanctuary; nor any foreigner (living) among the children of Israel. Nor too the Levites who broke away from me when the children of Israel went astray from me, after their idols: they had to bear their iniquity. They were in my sanctuary; they ministered at the gate of the house; they will slaughter the whole burnt offerings, and the sacrifices of the people. They shall stand before them and minister to them.

Because they ministered to their idols, and were a stumbling-block of iniquity to the children of Israel, because of this I have lifted up my hand over them, says the Lord of lords: they had to bear their iniquity.

They shall not offer 3 before me, to minister to me; they shall not approach any of my holy things, the house of the holy of holies; they shall bear all their shame, all their abominable practice. 4

I shall make them the watch-keepers 5 of the house, working at everything there. 6

The priests and the Levites, the sons of Zadok, who were the watchkeepers of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me, will stand before me, they will offer to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord of lords.

They shall enter my sanctuary, they will approach my table so that they may minister to me, they will do that which I have charged them. 7

‘no foreigner’: lit. ‘no son of foreigners’. ‘no … shall’: lit. ‘every … will not’. 3 ‘offer’ or ‘approach’. 4 ‘their abominable practice’: lit. ‘all the abomination that they have done’. 5 ‘watch-keepers’: lit. ‘the guards of the watch’. So too 44:15. 6 ‘working at everything there’: lit. ‘doers of the work of everything that was in it’. 7 ‘do that with which I have charged them’: lit. ‘keep my charges’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܒܪ‬ ‫� ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ ܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܦ� ܶ� ܳܘ�̈ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܰܪܩ ̱ܘ ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܶ ݁ܟ ܽܣـܘܢ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ܒ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ̱ ܽ ܽ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܽܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܫ� ̈ܡܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܚܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܗܢܘܢ ܢܩܘܡܘܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܫܡܫܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ܶܡܫ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܩـ ݂ܕܡ ܦ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܠ ݂ܬܘܩܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܘ� ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܐܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܥܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳܡ ܽܫܘ ݂ ܰܬ ̱ܢܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ܢܶܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫܝ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܶܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ ܐܢܘܢ ܢܛ�ܝ ܡܛܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ‪.‬‬

‫݁ ܰܒܪ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܪܘܠ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘ ܳܪ� ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪܗ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ܬ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܛܥܘ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܶܡ ̱‬

‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟـ ݂ܕ ܛܥܰـܘ ݁ܒܢ̈ـܝ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟܗܢـܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܘ�̈ـܐ ݂ܒܢ̈ـܝ ܳܨ ݂ ܽܕܘܩ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܢܛـܪ ̱ܘ ܰܡܛـܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܰܕܫـ ̱‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ :‬ܗܢܘܢ ܢܩܪ ݂ܒـܘܢ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܠܡܫܡܫـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܗܢـܘܢ ܢܩܘܡـܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܺ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ܕܡܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܩܪ ݂ܒܘܢ ܠܝ ݂ܬܪܒܐ ܘ݂ܕܡܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܡܫـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܢܶܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܛـܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܢ ̱‬ ‫ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܢܶܥܠܘܢ ܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܛܘ ܳ� ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 

 









He brought me back by way of the outer gate of the sanctuary, which faces east, and I saw that it was closed. The Lord said to me: This gate will be closed, and not opened, and no man will enter through it, for the Lord God of Israel enters through it. It will be closed.

The leader shall sit by it and eat bread before the Lord; he will enter by way of the porch of the gate, and by it he will go out. He brought me in by way of the north gate, that is in front of the house, and I saw that the house was filled with the glory of the Lord, and I fell upon my face.

The Lord said to me: O mortal man, mark well, look carefully, 1 listen carefully to everything that I say to you — all the laws of the house, and all principles by which it works. 2 Mark well 3 the entrances to the house, the exits from the sanctuary. Say to the rebellious house of Israel: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Is it not enough for you, all your abominable practice, of the house of Israel?

That you also bring foreigners, 4 uncircumcised of heart, uncircumcised of flesh, 5 who are in my sanctuary, defiling my house? You offer, with my bread, the fat and the blood. 6 You annul my commandment 7 with all your abominable practice. You do not keep the observances of my sanctuary, but you have subverted the guards of my sanctuary for your own purpose’. 8

‘look carefully’: lit. ‘see with your eyes’. ‘the principles by which it works’: lit. ‘its (moral) character’ or ‘its features’. 3 ‘mark well’1,2: lit. ‘put in your heart’. 4 ‘foreigners’: lit. ‘children of foreigners’. So too 44:9. 5 ‘heart … flesh’: lit. ‘their heart … their flesh’. Similarly 44:9 with ‘his’ for ‘their’. 6 ‘You offer, with my bread, the fat and the blood’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 7 ‘commandment’ or ‘covenant’. 8 ‘you have subverted the guards of my sanctuary for your own purpose’: lit. ‘you have made the guards of the watch of my sanctuary your guards’. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰܳܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܐܚܝ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ �ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܒܪ�ܐ ݂ܕܡܩܕܫܐ ݂ܕܚܐܪ ܠܡ ݂ܕܢܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܐܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܬܪܥܐ ܗܢܐ ܢـ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܺܚܝـ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܦـ ݂ܬܚ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ � ܶ� ܽܥـܘܠ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳܶ ݁ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܒܗ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܥܐܠ ܒܗ‪ :‬ܢܗܘܐ ܐܚܝ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܒܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܣ ݁ ܽܟـܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ ܘܡܢ ̇ܗ ܢܦܘܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܡܠـܝ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܢܝ �ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ ݂ܓܪ ܒ�ܝـܐ ݂ܕܩـ ݂ܕܡ ܒܝـ‬ ‫ܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܶ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦܝ‪̈.‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡـܥ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝـ ݁ܟ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡܠ ܶܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܢ ܽܡ ̈ܘ ܰܣـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܨܘ ܳ� ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣܝܡ ܠ ݂ ܳܒܠ ݂ܟ ܰܡܥ ̈ ܳ� ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ̈ܦ ܳܩ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ ݂ � :‬ܟـ ݁ ܽܕܘ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥـ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶـܐ ܕ ܽܥـ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܐ� ܐ ݂ܦ ܡܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡܛܢ ݂ܦܝܢ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܶܒܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܘܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܘܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ݁ܬܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܰܒܛܠ ܺܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝ ̱‬ ‫ܰܠ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ܳܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܫـܝ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ :‬ܐ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ ܳܢܛـ�ܝ ܰܡܛـܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ܢܛܘ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܢܛܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܕܝ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





  

 

 

I shall give the priests and the Levites of the seed of Zadok, who approach me to minister to me, says the Lord of lords, a bullock 1 for the purification of sins. You will take some of its blood and sprinkle it on the four horns of the altar, on the four corners of its railing, and on the border that surrounds it: you will sprinkle on it and it will be purified. You will take the bullock of purification. You will offer it up by the side of the house, outside the sanctuary.

On the second day offer the purification (sacrifice), a kid without blemish. They will purify the altar as they purified it with the bullock.

When you have completed the purification, offer the bullock that is without blemish, and a ram from the flock in which there is no blemish.

Offer them before the Lord. The priests will throw salt on them, and offer them as whole burnt offerings to the Lord. And for seven days you will offer, one (each) day, a kid for purification, and a bullock, and a ram from the flock in which there is no blemish.

They will offer (on) seven days; they will purify the altar and consecrate it.

When seven days and more are completed, then the priests will offer, on the altar, their whole burnt offerings and their sacrificial offerings, and I shall be well pleased with them, says the Lord of lords.

1

‘bullock’: lit. ‘bull son of the cattle’.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠ� ܳܘ�̈ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܰܙܪܥ ܶܗ ݁ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܽܕܘܩ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܳܡ ܽܫܘ ܰܬܢܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚܛ ̈ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܰ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܣ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ ܰܒـܥ ܰܩ� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ ܰܒـܥ ܳܙ ̈ܘܝܳـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܣ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܩܘܢܶܗ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܘ ݂ܬܣ ݂ܒ ܬܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ݂ܕܟܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܶ� ـ ̈ܶܙ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒـܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬܪܝــܢ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ـ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ܬ݂ܕܟܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܽܟܘܢܶܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܟ ܽܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܕ ܰܫܡܠ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ܰܠܡ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܟ ܽܝܘ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ܶܪܒ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟـ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܟܓ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡܘܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܩܪ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܳ�ܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܠ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝـ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܽܟܘܢܶܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ ܰܘ ܰܢܫܡܠܘܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝـܢ ܰܢܩܪ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܫܠܡ ̱ܘ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܨ ܛ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـܪ ܐܶ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ‪ :‬ܝܰܩ ݁ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܫ� ̈ܶܡܐ ܘ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 



  



And if they are deterred from that which they have done, show them, inscribe upon the tablets of their mind, 1 the form of the house and its construction, 2 its entrances and exits, its complete form, all its laws and all its forms, so that they may preserve its complete forms, 3 its complete design, and do this. 4 This is the appearance of the house on the summit of the mountain; all its borders, all around, are most holy.

These are the measurements of the altar in cubits: of the cubit and a hands breadth, 5 the cavity of a cubit, a cubit; 6 there was a railing around the edge, a span 7 all round, and the same on its side. From ground level to the lower railing: two cubits; its width, one cubit, from the lower railing to the upper, four cubits, and width one cubit. The altar: 8 four cubits; from the altar upwards, four horns.

The length of the altar: twelve cubits; its width, twelve cubits, its four sides (making) a square. Its railing, fourteen cubits long; its width, fourteen, on its four sides. Its railing, and the border around it, half a cubit; there was a hollow space within it, extending to the edges. 9 Its steps face east.

He said to me: Mortal man, thus says the Lord of lords ‘These are the laws of the altar, from the day when it was made. They shall bring burnt offerings to it, and pour out blood on it’.

‘tablets of their mind’: lit. ‘their eyes’. ‘construction’: lit. ‘preparation’. 3 ‘form’ and ‘forms’ in this verse translate a different Syriac than elsewhere in Ezekiel. 4 ‘this’: lit. ‘them’. 5 ‘the cubit and a hands breadth’: possibly the long cubit noted in 40:5. 6 ‘a cubit, a cubit’: perhaps a cubit square. 7 A span was about 8 to 9 inches. 8 ‘altar’: a different Syriac word from that in e.g. 43:13. 9 ‘extending to the edges’: lit. ‘all round’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘܛܽـܘܝܳ ݂ ܶܒܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶܟܣ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܨܘ� ݂ܬܗ ܕ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫ܘܡܥ ̈ ܳ� ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ̈ܦ ܳܩ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܨܘܪ ݁ܬܶܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܳܢ ܽܡ ̈ܘ ܰܣـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ܽܨܘ ܳ� ݂ܬܗ ܰܚـ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܫܘܡ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܽܨܘ ܳ� ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܽܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܗ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܺܪܝܫ ܛܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܩـ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ‬ ‫ܗܢܘ ܚܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܶܫܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܶܫـ ݂ܟ‪ܽ :‬ܥـܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܐܡـ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܳܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܡܘܫܚ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ ݂ܕܒܚܐ ݂ܒܐܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܠ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܗ ܶܙܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕܪ‪ :‬ܘܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܒܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ܠ ݂ܬܝ ݂ܟܐ ݂ܬܚܬ�ܐ‪ :‬ܬܪܬܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܗ ܐܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܬܝܳ ݂ ܳܟܐ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ �ܥ ܶ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܐ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܗ݂ ܳܕ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܗ݂ ܳܕܐܝܠ ܰܘ�ܥ ܶܠ ܰܩ� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟܗ ݁ ܰܕܗ݂ ܳܕܐܝـܠ ݁ܬܪ ݁ܬܥ ܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܶـܗ ݁ܬܪ ݁ܬܥ ܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ‪ :‬ܡ ܰܪ ݁ ܰܒـܥ �ܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥـܐ‬ ‫ܶܤܛ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟܗ ܰܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܶܤܛـ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܶܦܠ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܡـܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟܗ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܘ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܰܕ � ܰܓܘܗܝ ܳܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܳܢ ܽܡ ̈ܘ ܰܣـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚـܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܢܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܥܠ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܐܫ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XXV

 

    



 

Chapter  He took me to the gate that faced east.

And see! The glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east. Its sound was as the sound of many waters, the earth was lit up by his glory, Like the vision which I saw when I came to destroy the city, like the vision which I saw by the river Chebar: I fell upon my face. The glory of the Lord came upon the house, by the way of the gate that faced east.

The spirit picked me up and brought me to the inner court, and I saw that the house of the Lord was filled with his glory.

I heard one who spoke to me from within the house. A man stood by my side. 1

He said to me: O mortal man, (see) the place of my throne, the place where I set my feet, 2 where I dwell among the children of Israel forever. No more will those of the house of Israel be defiled, no more will they defile my holy name, neither they nor their kings, with their fornication, with the corpses of their kings, with their idols. They built their gates by the side of my gates, their thresholds by the side of my thresholds; the wall came between me and them. They defiled my holy name with their wrongdoing — I consumed them in my anger. From now on, let them put away their fornication, (take far from me) the corpses of their kings: then I shall dwell among them forever.

So you, O mortal man, show it to this house, to those of the house of Israel. They will be deterred 3 from their iniquity, with which they have wronged me. Let them measure its pattern.

‘at my side’: lit. ‘at/by me’. ‘where I set my feet’: lit. ‘the place of the soles of my feet’. 3 ‘deterred’ or ‘restrained’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܗ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܡܓ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳܐ ݂ܬܶܐ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܠـܗ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܩـ�‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡܢ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬܝ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܠܡܚܒܠܘ ܠܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܥܰܠ ܠ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܡܠـܝ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܗ‬ ‫ܢـܝ �ـ ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓـܘܝ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ܰܘܐܥ ܶܠ ݁ܬ ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܩܐܶܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥ ݂ܬ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܓܘ ܒܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝ ܰܘܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܫ ܶܪ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒܝ ܳܢـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܶ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܽܦـܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ �‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܛܢ ݂ ܽܦــܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢــܘܢ ܘ ܰܡ� ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝــ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝــܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܫ ܰ�ــ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܫܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩــܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ�ܥܰܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܣ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܶܣ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝܢ ـܝ ܰܘ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܛܢܶ ݂ܦ ـ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ ݁ܒܥܰ ـܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܣ ـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܫܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩ ـܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܣܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝــܠ ܰܢܪܚ ܽܩ ـܘܢ ܳܙ ܽܢܝ ـܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ̈ܫ ܰ� ـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡ ـܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ـܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܽܣـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܳܘܝ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܥܠ ܺܝܘ ݁ ܺܒܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢ ̇ܗ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





     

He said to me: The north galleries and the south galleries, before the space — these are the galleries, the place where the priests who approach the Lord eat the most holy things. There they set the most holy things, the meal offering, and (the sacrifice for) the purification of sins, for that place is holy. When the priests enter, they do not go out from the holy place to the outer court, but there they put their garments, those in which they serve: for they are holy. They put on other garments, and offer offerings on behalf of the people. He finished measuring the inner house, and took me out by way of the gate which faces east. There he measured all around.

He measured to the east: 1 (by) the measuring reed, five hundred reeds.

He measured to the north: (by) the measuring reed, five hundred reeds all round. He measured to the south: five hundred reeds (by) the measuring reed. He measured to the west: five hundred reeds (by) the measuring reed.

He measured its four directions, and the wall all round: its length five hundred (cubits), and its width five hundred (cubits), so that it would separate 2 the holy from the secular.

‘to the east’: where ‫ ܪܘܚܐ‬is used in this context it means ‘a cardinal point’ or ‘direction’. So elsewhere. 2 ‘so that it would separate’: the imperfect verb is used with a modal sense. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝܪ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܶܫܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܬܪ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܟܠ ܺܝܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ܩܘ݂ܕܫܐ‪ :‬ܘܣܡܝ ݂ܕ ܐ ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܕܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ‪ܳ � :‬ܢ ݂ܦ ܺܩܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝ‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܡܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰܐ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܺܫܝـܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ̱ܚ ܳ� ܢܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܚܠ ݂ܦ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܫܠܡ ܽܡܘ ̈ܫ ܳܚ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ .‬ܘܐ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܚܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ܩܢ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܚ �ܪܘܚܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܢܚܐ‪ :‬ܒܩܢܝܐ ݂ܕܡܫܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ܩܢ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܚ �ܪܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓܪ ܒܝܐ‪ :‬ܒܩܢܝܐ ݂ܕܡܫܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܺ̈ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ܩܢܝܢ‪ :‬ܒܩܢܝܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܺ̈ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ � ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ ܩܢܝܢ‪ :‬ܒܩܢܝܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ـ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟــܗ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ـܗ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܰ�ܪ ݁ ܰܒـܥ ܽ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶـܗ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚܘ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܡܐܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܫ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 



    

    



He took me out to the outer court, round to the north; he brought me to the gallery which is in front of the space and in front of the north building.

In front of the length of cubits 1 of the northern gate: width fifty cubits. In front of the gate of the inner court, and in front of the steps of the outer court, a three-story building. 2

In front of the galleries, a passage-way ten cubits wide, one hundred cubits long; the door to the passage-way faced northwards. The upper galleries were smaller, because there were steps protruding from them.

For they were on three (stories); they had no pillars like the pillars of the court; therefore they were smaller than the lower or the middle (galleries). The length of the outer wall, facing the galleries: fifty cubits.

For the length of a gallery in the outer court: fifty cubits; opposite the temple, one hundred cubits.

The gate of the gallery of the eastern entrance, which led into the outer court. 3

Within the wall of the court, in the eastern entrance in front of the space, in front of the building of the galleries,

The length in front of them, and the appearance of the galleries on the north side: their length equaled their width; also all their exits and entrances, their appearance, and their gates,

Like the gates of the galleries on the south side, the gate at the entrance 4 to the way, the way in front of the wall, on the way of the valley to the east as one approaches. In MT the value of ‘one hundred’ is specified. ‘a three-story building’: lit. ‘built one on one to three stories’. 3 As it is, this verse makes no sense. In MT the verse begins with ‫ומתחתה לשכות‬ ‫‘ האלה‬Below these chambers’ which is not represented in P. 4 ‘entrance’: lit. ‘head’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܡܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܢـܝ � ݂ܟ ܶܣـ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ‬ ‫ܢܝ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝـ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓܪ ܒܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ܳ ̱‬ ‫݁ܓ ܺܙܝܪ ݁ܬܐ ܘ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ݂ܕܐܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܓܪ ܒ�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ�ܐ ܚ‬ ‫ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܶܓܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒܢܶܝܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܶܣ ݂ܕ�ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰܺ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܐ ܳܡـܐܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܗܠ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܣـܪ ܐܡܝـܢ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܠ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܙܥܘ�ܝܳܢ ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܶܓܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܟܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ ܥ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܽ ̈ܶ ܰ‬ ‫̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܢ ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܶܓܝــܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ܥܡـܘ݂ܕ ܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܥܡـܘ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܬܠـ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ̈ ܶ ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܙܥܘ�ܝܢ ̱ܗܘܝ ܡܢ ܬܚܬܝ ݂ܬܐ ܘܡܢ ܡܨ�ܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܚ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܐܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܠ ݂ܒܪ ܕܠܘܩ ݂ܒܠ ܐ ݂ܟܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟـ�‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ݂ܕܐ ݂ܟܣ ݂ܕܪ ܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝܬܐ ܚ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡܐܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܥܐܠ � ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܕ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝـܪ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܳ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܕܐܣ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚ ـܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝــܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ـ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ـ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝ ـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܘܪ ݂ܟ ܶܗܝــܢ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ�ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܙ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܥ̈ ܳ� ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡ ݁ܦ ܳܩ ̈ܢܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦ݂‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝـܫ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕܢܚ� ܡ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

   

The walls of the temple were square. The holy place of the vision looked like the 1 wooden altar.

Three cubits high, two cubits long, with horns; its body 2 and its railings were of wood. He said to me: This is the table which is before the Lord. And (there were) two, two folding doors.

Two (panels) for one folding door and two for the other folding door.

Carved upon them, upon the temple gates, (there were) cherubim and palm trees like those carved 3 on the walls.

The surface of the gatepost was paneled with wood on the outside. The windows were slanting. 4 There were palm trees here and there by the sides of the gateposts. The side chambers of the house were paneled with boards. 5

1 ‘The holy place of the vision looked like the’: lit. ‘The faces of the holy place of the vision like the appearance of the’. 2 ‘body’: lit. ‘length’. 3 ‘Carved … carved’: lit. ‘made … made’. 4 Slanting’ or ‘sloped’. 5 ‘boards’: this translates a different Syriac word from that found in 40:16.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݁ܟ ܶܚـ ܶܙܘܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚـܐ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܘܐܣ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܶܠـܗ‪ܽ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟـܗ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܬܠ ݂ܬ ܐܡܝܢ ܪܘܡܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂‬ ‫ܐܘܪܟܗ ݁ܬܪ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܩ� ܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܰܢܘ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ܬ�ܥܺܝܢ ܠ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܠ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܠ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܕ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟ�‪݁ :‬ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܐ ̈ܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܩ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܶܡܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘܐ ܫܛ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܦܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩـ� ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ̈ܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܥܰܠ ܶܤܛ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕ ݂ܦܪܘܣܬ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܦܢ ݂ܬܗ ܕ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ܩ�‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   

  





  

The width of the outside wall of a side chamber: five cubits; and on the inside, five cubits. Between the galleries, a space 1 of twenty cubits, all around the house.

The gate of the remaining side chambers, one facing south and one facing north: the width of the remaining gate, five cubits.

The building in front of the space 2 by the west gate: its width, seventy cubits. The thickness of the wall of the building all around: five cubits; its length, ninety cubits. He measured the house: its length, one hundred cubits; the length of the space by the walls of the building, 3 one hundred cubits.

The width in front of the house, and the space eastwards: one hundred cubits. He measured the length of the building in front of the space, and its rear and its railing on each side: one hundred cubits; also, the inner temple and the gateposts of the court. 4

(He measured) the thresholds, the windows, and the railings all around. The three gates were paneled with wood, all around, extending to 5 the windows; The windows were framed 6 above the gate of the inner house, and the outer surface of the walls all around (was covered). He measured from outside and from inside. There were 7 cherubim and palm trees, a palm tree between each (two) cherubim. Each cherub had two faces.

There were human faces on the palm trees here and there, carved throughout the house, all around.

There were cherubim and palm trees from ground level as far as the top of the gates. ‘space’: lit. ‘width’. ‘space’: a space within a partition or wall. 3 ‘walls of the building’: lit. ‘building of the walls’. 4 ‘gateposts of the court’: lit. ‘gateposts of the gate of the court’. 5 ‘extending to’: lit. ‘its length as far as’. 6 ‘framed’: lit. ‘covered’. 7 ‘There were’: lit. ‘He made’. See also 41:20. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܳ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܕܐܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰܚ ܶܡܫ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܰܚ ܶܡܫ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܶ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ� ܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ�ܐ ܥ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܶـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܘܚـ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܓܪ ܒܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـܩ‪ܰ :‬ܚـ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝܩ ܰܚ ܶܡܫ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܡܥܪ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ܰܫ ݂ܒܥܺܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܣـ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܢ�ܢܐ ܕܩ ݂ܕܡ ܓܙܝܪܬܐ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݂ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ݁ ݂ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܕ ݂ܒܢ�ܢܐ ܚܡܫ ܐܡܝܢ ܦ ݂ܬ�ܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܚ ݂ܕܪ‪ :‬ܘܐܘܪ ݂ܟܗ ܬܫܥܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓ ܺܙܝܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ̈ܶܣـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܚܗ ܠ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܐ ܳܡـܐܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܓ ܺܙܝܪ ݁ܬܐ ܰܡ ݂ܕܢ ܳܚܝ ݁ܬܐ ܳܡܐܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝܪ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܣ ݁ܬ ܶܪܗ ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܐܐ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܗܝܟ� ݂ܓܘ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ�ܘܣܬ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̈ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶـܐ ܩـ ܰܪܡ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘ ܶܣ ݁ܦܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ ̈ܟܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕܪܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܠ ݂ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝܢ‪ܽ :‬ܘܐܘܪ ݂ ܶܟܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܶܘܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܣ ܳܝܢ �ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܐ ̈ܣܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܠ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܶܡܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ�‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕܩ� ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܠ ݂ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܬܝܢ ܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰܠ ݂ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ̈ܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܩ� ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ �ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬ�ܥ ܶܐ‪݁ :‬ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ� ܥ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XXIV

 

   





Chapter 

He took me into the temple. He measured the gatepost: six cubits wide on the one side, six cubits wide on the other side.

The width of the tabernacle, 1 and the width of the gate: ten cubits. The sides of the gate: five cubits on the one side, five cubits on the other side. He measured its length: forty cubits; its width: twenty cubits. He went inside. He measured the gatepost: 2 two cubits; the gate: six cubits, and seven cubits wide.

He measured its length: twenty cubits, and its width: twenty cubits, in front of the temple. He said to me: This is the Holy of Holies.

He measured the wall of the house: six cubits. The width of the side chambers: 3 seven cubits, (all) round the house. The side chambers, chamber upon chamber: 4 thirty-three of them, 5 arranged on top of one another 6 on the wall of the house, side chambers all around, so that they could be fixed without being built into 7 the wall.

Those side chambers were joined above (one another) around 8 the house from above; the house was bigger above. 9 From low down, they ascended up to half way, and then from half way upwards. I saw the height of the house all around. The side chambers were separated from one another (by) a full reed, six cubits.

‘tabernacle’ or ‘tent’. ‘gatepost’: lit. ‘gatepost of the gate’. 3 ‘side chambers’: lit. ‘sides’. So passim. MT ‫‘ הצלע‬side-chamber/cell’ specifies what is being measured. 4 ‘chamber upon chamber’ or ‘facing one another’: lit. ‘which faced upon the side’. 5 ‘thirty-three of them’: lit. ‘thirty-three times’. 6 ‘arranged on top of one another’: lit. ‘going up’. 7 ‘without being built into’: lit. ‘separated from’. 8 ‘around’: lit. ‘surrounding’. 9 ‘the house was bigger above’: lit. ‘the house would expand’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܕ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܡܐ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰܺ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝܶـܗ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܢܝ �ܗܝܟ�‪ :‬ܘܡܫܚܗ ܠ ݂ܦܪܘܣܬ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܫ ݂ܬ ܐܡܝܢ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܤܛـ ܰ�ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܶܡـܫ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܗ ܕܡܫܟܢܐ ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ݁ ܺ ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܗ ܐܪܒܥܝـܢ ܐܡܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝـܗ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ܐܡܝܢ ܡܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܫـܚ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬܪ ݁ܬܶܝـܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܗ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܠ ܰܓܘ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܶܫـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܗ ܫ ݂ܒܥ ܐܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܳܶ ܶ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟـ�‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ ܥܣܪܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝـܗ ܥ‬ ‫ܘܡܫܚ ܐ ݂‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܗܢܘ ܩ ݂ܕܘܫ ܩܘ݂ܕܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܐܣ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܳ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܫ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ݂ ܰܕܪ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܒܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ ܰܘܬ ܳܠܬ ܰܙ ̈ܒ ܺܢܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܳܥ ܳ ̈‬ ‫ܐܠܢ ݁ ܶܒܐܣ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܦܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܢܐ ܥܠ ܕ ݂ܦܢܐ‪ :‬ܬܠ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ̈ܳ ܰܺ ̈ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܦܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܚ ݂ܕ�ܢ‪ :‬ܕܢܗܘܝܢ ܐܚ� ݂ܕܢ ܘܡ ݂ܦ�ܩܢ ܡܢ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܘܚ ݁ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ ܳܢ ̈ܩ ݁ ܳܦܢ �ܥ ܶܠ ܶܗܢܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ� ݁ ܳܟܢ ܶܡܢ �ܥ ܶܠ ܠ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ܬ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ �ܥ ܶܠ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܶܡ ̈ܨ ܳ� ܳܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫�ܩܝـܢ ܠܡܨ�ܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥ ܶ ܳ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܺ� ܳܝܩܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܡـ�‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

 

 

 



(There were) four tables on one side, and four tables on the other, eight tables on which they slew by the gateposts.

There were four tables of hewn stone for the whole burnt offerings, one and a half cubits long and one and a half cubits wide. On them they put the implements for slaughtering 1 the whole burnt offerings and the sacrifices. The rims of the tables were a hands-breadth each side. They put the meat for the sacrifices on the tables.

Beyond the inner gate were the chambers of the noblemen, 2 in the inner court, by the side of the north gate. They faced southwards, on the side of the east gate, opposite the north wind. He said to me: This gallery, which faces south, is for the priests responsible for guarding 3 the house.

The gallery which faces north is for the priests, the sons of Zadok, responsible for guarding the altar: they are chosen 4 from the sons of Levi to minister to the service of the Lord. He measured the court: one hundred cubits long, one hundred cubits wide, four square. The altar was in front of the house.

He brought me to the porch of the house. He measured the porch: five cubits on one side, five cubits on the other side. The width of the gate: three cubits one side, three cubits the other side. The length of the porch: twenty cubits; its width, eleven cubits. It was reached by steps. 5 There were pillars by its gateposts, one on each side. 6

‘for slaughtering’: lit. ‘that they might slaughter with them’. 2 ‘noblemen’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘responsible for guarding’: lit. ‘who guard the watch’. 4 ‘chosen’: lit. ‘brought near’. 5 ‘It was reached by steps’: lit. ‘By steps going up to it’. 6 ‘one on each side’: lit. ‘one on this side and on of that side’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܡܐ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܺ�ܝـܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥـܐ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܺ�ܝـܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܝܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܺ�ܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ܺܣܝܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܺ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܟ ܽܗܘܢ ܐ ܳܡܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܓ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܒ ܘܐܪܒܥܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܘ�ܝܢ ܕ ݂ܟܐ ݂ܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܣܝܠ‬ ‫�ܝ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܡܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܡܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦܠ ܶܓ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ܳܡܐ ܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ܺܣܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ ܶ ܰ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܩܕ ܐ ܫ�ܡܐ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܒܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܶܣ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ݁ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܳܦـ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܶ� ܐ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂ܕ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܘܠ ݂ܒܪ ܡܢ ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܓܘ�ܐ ܚ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܪܘ� ݂ܒܢـܐ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ـܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓـܘܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܶܤ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕܠܘܩ ݂ܒܠ ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‬ ‫݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢܛ ܺܪܝܢ ܰܡܛܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܠ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܳܨ ݂ ܽܕܘܩ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܰܘܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪܝܢ ܰܡܛـܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܰ̈ ܶ ܺ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܫ ݁ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ܳ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܡ ݂ܬܩܪ ݂ܒܝܢ ܡܢ ܒܢܝ �ܘܝ‪ :‬ܠܡܫܡܫܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܳ ̇ܗ ܳܡܐܐ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥ ܺܐܝـ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܙ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚـܐ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܡܐܐ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ̇ܗ �ܣ ݁ ܽܟـܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܶܡـܫ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܢܝ �ܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܗ ܕ ݂ܒܝܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܡ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܘܐܝܬܝ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ܐܡܝܢ ܡ ݁ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܬܠ ݂ܬ ܐܡܝܢ ܡ ݁ܟܐ ܘ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬ ܐܡܝܢ ܡ ݁ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܳـ ̇ܗ ܚ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܶܓـܐ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܘܐܘܪ ݂ܟ ̇ܗ ܕܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ܥ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫�ܩܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܽܡ ̈ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܩܝܡܝܢ ܥܠ ܦ�ܘܣܬ݂ܕ ̇ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݂ܕ ܡ ݁ܟܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ܡ ݁ܟܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

   

     



He brought me in to the inner court, by the south gate. He measured the south gate: the same as these (other) measurements.

Its area, 1 its gateposts, and its porches: the same as these (other) measurements. It had windows, and (there were windows) all around its gateposts, all around. It was fifty cubits long, and twenty-five wide.

There were parapets around it, twenty-five cubits in length, five cubits in width.

By the gateposts of the outer court there were palm trees. 2 It had eight steps.

He brought me to the inner court, round to the east. He measured the gate: the same as these (other) measurements, Its area, its gateposts, and its porches: it had windows, and (there were windows) all around its gateposts. (It was) fifty cubits long, twenty-five wide. The porch of the outer court: there were palm trees by the gateposts, on each side. It had eight steps. He brought me to the north gate. He measured: the same as these (other) measurements.

Its area, its gateposts, and its porches: there were windows around it. Its length, fifty cubits, its width, twenty-five (cubits). The gateposts of the outer court: there were palm trees by the gateposts, on each side. It had eight steps.

There was a gate for the gallery, 3 by the gateposts. There they put the whole burnt offerings.

By the gateposts there were two tables on one side and two tables on the other side, on which they slaughtered the whole burnt offerings, the sacrificial offerings, and the sin offerings. 4 By the side of the north gate, outside (the place for) the whole burnt offerings, two tables; also two tables on the other side of the gatepost. ‘area’: lit. ‘its inside’. So too passim. ‘By the gateposts … there were palm trees’: lit. ‘the gateposts had palm trees’. 3 ‘There was a gate for the gallery’: lit. ‘The gallery its gate’. 4 ‘sin offerings’: lit. ‘purification of sins’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡ� ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܢܝ � ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܫܚܗ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܠܝܢ ܡܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶܶ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܘ ݂ܰܓ ܶܘܗ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܐܣܟ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܝܢ ܡܘ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܗ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܠܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡـܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܘ ݂ܬܝܳ ݂ܟ ̈ܘܗܝ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܘܪ ݂ܟ ܽܗܘܢ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܰܚ ܶܡـܫ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܡܫ ܐܡܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ̈ܩ ܶ� ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ � ݁ ܰܓ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡ ܳܢܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫� ܘ ݂ܦ�ܘܣܬ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܫܚـܗ ܠ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܰܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܘ‬ ‫ܶ ݁̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܶܘܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܶܠـܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦـ ܽ�ܘ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܘ ݂ܰܓ ܶܘܗ ܰܘ ݂ܦ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܐܣܟ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕܪ‪ :‬ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܟܐ ܚܡܫܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܶܘܐܣ ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ� ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܶܠܗ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܺܓܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܠ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓܪ ܒܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܫܚ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܘ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܰܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ̈ܶܘܐ ܳܚـ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ ܶܠـܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܗ ܰܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܘ ݂ܰܓ ܶܘܗ ܰܘ ݂ܦ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܐܣܟ ݂ܦـ ݂‬ ‫ܰܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܶܗ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܙ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ� ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܶܠܗ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܺܓܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܰܘܐ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܬܪܥ ܶܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬܘ�ܝܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬܘ�ܝܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ :‬ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰܟـܣ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܝܰ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚܛ ̈ܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܡ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܣ ܶ‬ ‫ܛܪܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ� ̈ܡـܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬܘ�ܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬܘ�ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

    



 

  

He brought me into the outer court. I saw stairs all around, thirty steps, one above the other. 1

There were stairs at the side of the gate in front of the flight 2 of stairs.

He measured its width, 3 from in front of the gate of the court: one hundred cubits on the east side and on the north side.

And the gate in front of it, on the north 4 of the court: he measured its length and its width.

It(s cells) measured three (cubits) on the one side and three on the other; (its measurement was) like the measurement of the first gateway, fifty cubits in length and twenty-five in width. Its windows and its gateposts were the same as 5 those of the gate which faces east. There were seven steps going up to it, with a porch before them.

There were gates to the inner court which was in front of the northeast gate. He measured from gate to gate: one hundred cubits.

He brought me round to 6 the south, and I saw the south gate. He measured its gateposts and its pillars: the same as these (other) measurements. It had windows, and there were windows all around its gateposts, 7 as these (other) windows. It was fifty cubits long, twenty-five wide.

There were seven steps going up to it, with a porch before it. There were palm trees by its gateposts, on the one side and on the other. The gates of the inner court, facing south: 8 he measured from gate to gate: one hundred cubits.

‘stairs all around, thirty steps, one above the other’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 2 ‘flight’: lit. ‘their length’. 3 ‘its width’: presumably the width of the outer court. 4 ‘on the north’ or (as MT) ‘facing north’. 5 ‘were the same as’: lit. ‘as the measurement of’. 6 ‘round to’: lit. ‘by the way of’. 7 ‘there were windows all around its gateposts’: lit. ‘and to its gateposts all around’. So too passim. 8 ‘facing south’: lit. ‘by way of the south’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܶܓـܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕ � ݂ܺܓܝـܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܢܝ � ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝـ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܰܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܚ ܘ݂ ܰܕ � ܶܓܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܐ ܽܘܪ ݂ܟ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ � ݂ܶܓܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ ܰܘܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܐ ܽܘܪ ݂ ܶܟܗ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܘܡ ܽܫܘܚ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ .‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܡ ܽܫـܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰܺ ̈ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܶܗ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܡܫܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ ܐ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚـ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܰܘ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܦ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܡܫܘܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ � ݂ܺܓܝܢ ܣ�ܩܝܢ ܠܗ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫـܚ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܰܢܚ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘ ݂ܬ�ܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐܐ ܐ ܺܡܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ݁ܦ ܽ�ܘܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܢܝ �ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܝܡܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬܗ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܐܘܒܠ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܝܡ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܘܫܚ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܗ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܶܘܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܶܠܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܺܪܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ̈ܶܘܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܫܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܟܗ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ ܰܕ � ܺܓܝܢ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫�ܩܝܢ ܶܠܗ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐܣ ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩـ� ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܠܗ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܘܚ ݂ܕ ܡܟܐ ܥܠ ܦ�ܘܣܬ݂ܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘ ݂ܬ�ܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܡܐܐ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬܪ ܳܥܐ ܠ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   

     

Each cell 1 was one reed long and one reed wide; there were five cubits between the cells. The threshold of the gate, within the gateposts: 2 one reed.

He measured the gatepost: eight cubits; the threshold of the gate from within: 3 two cubits. Within the gate, on the east, 4 three (cells) on one side and three on the other side, each the same size; 5 the gateposts were the same size, on the one side and on the other.

He measured the width of the entrance to the gateway: ten cubits; the length of the gateway, thirteen cubits. The barrier 6 in front of the threshold: one cubit on each side; within (the area measured) six cubits on this side, and six cubits on that side.

He measured the gate across its roof: 7 twenty-five cubits wide. The gates faced one another. 8 He measured 9 sixty cubits in front of the gate, and sixty cubits in front of the other gate, the outer, And before the inner gate, fifty cubits.

The windows were wider inside than outside; 10 there were windows around the boards and the gateposts, inside. 11 ‘Each cell’: ‫ ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ‬usually means either ‘gatepost/doorpost’ or ‘porch/porch’ (see below). It is rendered with ‘cell’ here and in 40:10,16, because the context suggests a number of small rooms rather than entrance areas. 2 ‘gateposts’ ‫ܦܪܘܣܬܕܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ‬ ̈ lit. ‘gateposts/doorposts of the gate’, passim. 3 ‘threshold’ ‫ܐܣܟܘܦܬܐ‬: two cubits seems too narrow for a threshold. The term can mean ‘gatepost/porch/guardroom’ but ‘two cubits’ is inappropriate for any of those. Possibly, the height and width of the gatepost are intended. 4 ‘on the east’ or (as MT) ‘facing east’. 5 ‘each the same size’: lit. ‘one measurement to the three of them’. 6 ‘barrier’: lit. ‘border/boundary’. Perhaps a low wall. 7 ‘across its roof’: lit. ‘from its roof to its roof’. 8 ‘the gates faced one another’: lit. ‘the gate was in front of the gate’. 9 ‘measured’: lit. ‘made’. 10 ‘wider inside than outside’: lit. ‘slanted from within and narrow from outside’. 11 ‘there were windows around the cells and the gateposts, inside’: lit. ‘upon the cells and upon the porches and the windows were around them from within’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܽ�ܘܪ ݂ ܶܟـܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܢܝـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܶـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܽ�ܘܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܶܡܫ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶܡܢ ܠ ܰܓܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܶܣ ݁ ܶܦܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܶܡـܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶܫܚܗ ܠ ݂ܦܪܘܣܬ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܬܡܢܐ ܐܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܬܪ ݁ܬܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫـܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܓܘܗ ܕ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ ܡ ݂ܕܢܚܝـܐ‪ :‬ܬܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܡܟـܐ ܘ ݂ܬܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܡܟܐ ܘܡܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܶܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܣـܪ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܽ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܟـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥ ܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܫܚ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐܣ ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܡܐ ܐ ܳܡـܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܰܓـ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ܶܫـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܫܚܗ ܠ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ܡܢ ܐܓܪܗ �ܓܪܗ‪ :‬ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪ ܳ�ـܐ ܫ ݁ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݁ܦ ̈ܝ ܬܪܥܐ ܫ ݁ܬܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݁ܦ ̈ܝ ܬ ̱‬ ‫ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ݂ܕܡ ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܓܘ�ܐ ܚ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܛ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܦ ـܢ ܶܡ ـܢ ܠ ܰܓ ـܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܛ ̈� ܳܢ ـܢ ܶܡ ـܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ـܪ‪ :‬ܥܰ ـܠ ̈ܚ ـ ݁ܬܐ ܘܥܰ ـܠ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟ ـܘܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܦ ܽ�ܘܣ ݁ܬ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܘܐ ܚ ݂ܕ�ܢ ̱ܗܘܝ �ܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܘ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning the building of the house







 XXIII





In the twenty-fifth year of our captivity, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city had been laid waste — on that day the hand of the Lord came upon me.

He brought me to the land of Israel, in a vision of God; he set 1 me on a very high mountain. On its south (side) there was the appearance of 2 the building of a city. He brought me there, and I saw a man who looked like a figure of bronze, 3 with a measuring line made of flax in his hand, and a measuring reed; he was standing in the gate.

That man said to me: Mortal man, see with your eyes, hear with your ears, mark well 4 all that I show you, for I came here to show it to you. Everything that you see, recount 5 to the children of Israel. I saw a wall that encircled that house. The measuring reed in that man’s hand was six cubits and one handbreadth 6 (long); he measured the width of the wall, 7 one reed, and its height, one reed. He came to the gate which faces east; he went up its steps and measured the threshold of the gate, one reed wide, and the other threshold, 8 one reed wide.

‘set’: lit. ‘settled’. ‘the appearance of’: lit. ‘like’. 3 ‘who looked like a figure of bronze’: lit. ‘his appearance was like the appearance of brass’. 4 ‘mark well’: lit. ‘set in your heart’. 5 ‘recount’: lit. ‘show’. 6 ‘six cubits and one handbreadth’: MT is ambiguous since there were two cubit measurements, the shorter, measuring six handbreadths, about 17.5 inches, and the longer, measuring seven handbreadths, about 20.5 inches. 7 ‘wall’2: lit. ‘building’. 8 ‘threshold … threshold’ or ‘sill … sill’. Elsewhere ‘threshold’ translates a different Syriac noun. This is also the only place in the temple description where ‫ ܣܦܐ‬is used for ‫ ;סף‬elsewhere the Hebrew noun is rendered with a different Syriac. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫ܨܚ ܟܓ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܰܣـܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܢـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܺܪܝـܫ ܫܢ̱ـ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ݀ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒـܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܠܰـܝ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‬ ‫ܐܪܒܥܣ� ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܕܐ ݂ܬܚܪ ܒ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕܛـ ݂ܒ ܳܪܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܥܰܠ ܛـ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܪܝܰ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ� ܶܝܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺܘܐܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܒ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܡܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܠ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܙܘܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܢܚ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ܳܘܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ܬ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܒܐܝ ݂ܕܗ ܘܩܢܝܐ ݂ܕܡܫܘܚ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡـܥ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܚـܙܝ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣܝـܡ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܚـ ܶܘܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܳܘ ܽܝـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫� ܳܗܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܚܙ ܐ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܚܘܐ ܠ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܬ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܢܝـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫـܘܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܟ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܶܠܗ ܠ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܗܘ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫـ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܶܫـ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫـܚ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ ܰܩ ܳܢܝـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܚ ܶܣ ݁ ܳܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܰܐܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܣܠ ܶܩ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܕ � ݂ܰܓܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ܶܗ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܣ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 









The nations will know that the children of Israel were taken into captivity because of their iniquity, for they transgressed against me and I hid my face from them; I delivered them up into the hands of those who hated them, and they all fell by the sword. I have dealt with 1 them according to their uncleanness, according to their iniquity; I have turned my face away from them.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Then I shall bring back the captivity of Jacob, have mercy on the whole house of Israel: I shall be jealous for my holy name. They will bear all their shame, their iniquity, by which they have wronged me, when they have lived in peace in their land with none to do them harm.

When I have gathered them up from the nations, brought them near from the countries of their enemies, and been sanctified in them before the eyes of many nations, Then they will know that I am the Lord their God. I exiled them among the nations, and I shall gather them to their (own) land. I shall leave none of them there.

I shall not turn my face away from them. I shall pour out my spirit upon all the house of Israel, says the Lord of lords.

1

‘dealt with’: lit. ‘requited’.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐܥܠܝܘ ݁ ܺܒܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܡܛܠ ܥܘ�ܗܘܢ ܐܫܬ ݂ܒܝܘ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫�ܡ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣ ܰܢܐܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܗ ݁ܦ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦܪܥ ܶ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܗ ݁ܦ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܩܘ ݂ܒ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܗ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ݁ ܺܟ‬ ‫ܝܠ ܶ ܡ ݂ܦܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛܐܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܪ ܶܚܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܫܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܥـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘ ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܥܘ�ܗܘܢ ܕܐܥܠܝܘ ܒܝ‪ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܝ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ� ݁ ̈ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܩܪ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ �ܥܺܝܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܫ ݁ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶـܫ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ�ܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܘܬܪ ܡ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܳܘ� ܰܐܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐ ܽܫܘ݂ܕ ܪ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



   

 



  



On that day I shall make for Gog a place for a grave there, in Israel: a great valley, 1 to the east of the sea. They will block up the valley, 2 they will bury Gog there, and all his army, and the valley will be called ‘The destruction of Gog’. 3 For seven months those of the house of Israel will be burying them, and the land will be cleansed.

All the people of the land will bury them; it will be a day of renown for them when I am glorified, says the Lord.

After seven months, men will walk continually through the land and bury those remaining on the land so that it may be cleansed.

Any who pass through the land, and see human bones, will build a cairn alongside them, until those who remove them come, those who are responsible for burial in the valley of Gog. It will be called ‘Strong City’; 4 they will cleanse the land.

For you, mortal man, shall say to all the birds of the air and to all the beasts of the field: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Assemble, come from every place, to the great sacrifice which I sacrifice for you on the mountains of Israel: you will eat flesh, drink blood. You will eat the flesh of warriors, drink the blood of the noblemen of the land, of rams and of fatlings, of he-goats and bulls, of all the calves of Bashan. You will eat flesh and be satiated; you will drink blood and be drunk, from the great sacrifice which I sacrifice for you. You will be satiated at my table with the flesh of horses and of their riders, of warriors, of all the men of war’, says the Lord of lords.

I shall work my glory among the nations, and all the nations will see the judgment that I have established, and my hand that I have laid upon them. And those of the house of Israel will know that I am the Lord their God, from that day onwards. ‘a great valley’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘They will block up the valley’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘The destruction of Gog’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 4 ‘It will be called’: lit. ‘The name of the city will be called’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܠ ܽܓܘܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝܣ ܳܪܐܝـܠ‪ܰ :‬ܢܚـ�‬ ‫ܒܗ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ‪ :‬ܐܬܠ ܬܡܢ ܕܘܟ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܶܝܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘܢܶـܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢܚـ�‪ :‬ܘܢܶܩ ݁ܒܪܘܢܶـܗ ܬ ܳܡـܢ ܠ ܽ ݂ܓـܘ ݂ܓ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܰܢܚ� ݂ܕ ܰܣܘ ݁ ܳܦܢܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܓ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ� ܺܚܝܢ‪ :‬ܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܫ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒـܚ‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗܠ ݂ ܺܟܝـܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢ ܺܐܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ ܰܝ� ܺܚܝـܢ‪ :‬ܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝܢ �ܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܶܕܐܫ ݁ܬ ܰܚܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܥܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܳܚ ܶܙ ܐ ܰܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܨܘܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܶܒـܗ ܳܨܘ ܳ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܝܢ ܳܫܩܠܝܢ ܶܠܗ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢܚ� ݂ܕ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܓ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢ ̇ܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܬ ܰܡܗ ܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܥܫܝܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ ܰܚ ܽܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܠ ݂ ܶܟ�ܗ ܦܪܚ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܘ ݂ܬܘ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܽܕܘ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܶ ݂ � :‬ܕ ݂ܒܚـ ݂ܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ݂ܕ ݂ܒܚ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܠ ݂ܟܘܢ ܒܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܦܛ ̈ܡـܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܣܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓܢ̱ܒ� ܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܝܫܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬܝ ̈ ܶܫܐ ܰܘ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܬܘ ܶ� ܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕܐ� ܳܘܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܬܣ ݁ܒ ܽܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܫـ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܒܚـ ݂ܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܰܒܚ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶܣ ݁ܒ ܽܥܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ̱ܝ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܩ ܰ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܢܶܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚـܙܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܝ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪ܺ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܣ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ـܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ� ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ـܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳܐܢ ـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ܰܗܘ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܠ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 



  

  

 



You, O mortal man, prophesy against Gog and say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I am against you, Gog, leader and head of Meshech and of Tubal.

I shall make peace with you, 1 gather you, bring you up from the far north, and bring you to the mountains of Israel. I shall strike 2 your bow from your left hand, your arrows from your right.

You will fall on the mountains of Israel, you and all your army, and the many nations that are with you: I have given you as food to the birds of the air 3 and the beasts of the field.

You will fall on the face of the field — for I have spoken’, says the Lord of lords. I shall send fire upon Magog, and upon the inhabitants of the islands living 4 in peace: they will know that I am the Lord.

I shall make my holy name known among my people Israel. My holy name will not again be besmirched, and the nations will know that I am the Lord, the holy one of Israel.

See! It has come to fruition, 5 the day of which I spoke, says the Lord of lords. The inhabitants of the cities of Israel will go forth; they will set fire to the weaponry, to the shields and the javelins, to the bows and the arrows, to the throwing-sticks, 6 the spears, and they will set them on fire, for seven years.

They will not need wood from the field or the forest, but will burn their weaponry; 7 they will capture those who captured them, despoil those who plundered them, says the Lord of lords. ‘I shall make peace with you’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. ‘strike’: lit. ‘turn aside’. 3 ‘air’: lit. ‘heaven/sky’. So too 39:17. 4 ‘living’: lit. ‘which are’. 5 ‘to fruition’: lit. ‘to come’; a different Syriac root from that in ‘has come’. 6 ‘throwing-sticks’: lit. ‘rods of the hands’. 7 ‘will burn their weaponry’: lit. ‘from their weapon they will burn with fire’. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܠܛ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܓܘܓ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݂ܓ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܢܐ ܘܪܝܫܐ ݂ܕܡܫ ݂ܟ ܘܕ ݂ܬܘܒܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫ ܳܝܢ ـ ݂ܟ ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢ ܳܫ ـ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܣܩ ـ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ـܢ ܫ ݂ ܽܦ ـ ̈ܘ ܰܠܝ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝ ـ ݂ܟ ܠܛ ـܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܕ ܶܩܫ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܶܣ ܳܡܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܶܓܐ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܺܡ ܳܝܢ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܦܠ‪ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܦܪܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܫܡܝܐ ܘܠܚܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒܬ ݂ܟ ܠܡܐ ݂ܟܘܠܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܥܰܠ ܳܡ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܓ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܶܐ ܰܛـ ܶܘܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ ܐܘ݁ ܰܕܥ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܥܰܡـ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܕܥܘܢ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ ݂ܕܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡܪ�ܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܡܛܐ ܠܡܐ ݂ܬܐ ܝܘܡܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩ ـܘܢ ܽܢ ـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩ ـܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡ ـܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ� ܳ� ـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ܳܝܢ ـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܣ ݁ܟ ـ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ ̈ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܓـܐ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܽܚـܘܛ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ̈ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܽ� ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢـܘܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ�ܝܙ ݂ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܩܫـ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܫ ݂ܒܥ ܫܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢـܗܘܢ ܰܢـܘܩ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܩ� ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܡـܢ ܰܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ܢܶܣ ݁ܬ ܽܢܩܘܢ ܥܠ ܩܝܣܐ ݂ܕܚ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܢ �ܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܰܒܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܒ ܽܙܘܢ �ܝܠܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܙ �ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 







I said, in the heat 1 of my rage, that on that day there will be a terrible trembling in the land of Israel. Confronted by it, 2 the fish in the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, all creeping things that creep upon the earth, will tremble — and all men upon the face of the earth, and the mountains will be overthrown, the towers will fall.

All the walls in the land will fall; I shall call for a sword to attack him, throughout my mountains, says the Lord of lords — each man’s sword 3 will attack his brother.

I shall judge him, with pestilence, with blood, with flooding rain, hailstones, fire and brimstone, (which) I shall bring down upon him, upon his noblemen, and upon the many nations that are with him.

I shall be great, I shall sanctify myself in the sight of many nations. They will know that I am the Lord.

‘heat’: lit. ‘light’. ‘Confronted by it’: lit. ‘Before it’. 3 ‘sword … sword’: two different Syriac words. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܝܛ ݁ܒ ܽܢ ـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥــܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒــܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܢܶــ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘܓــܙ ̱ܝ ܰܡܠܶــ ݂ܬ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܶܒــܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܰܘ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦܪܚـ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܫܐ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܶܚܫ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣ ݁ܬܚ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ ܛܘ� ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܓ ݁ ̈ܕ �‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܽܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽܫܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܛܘ ܰ�ܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ‬ ‫ܐܩܪ ܐ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܚܪ ܒܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܚܘ ̱ܗܝ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣܝ ݁ ܶܦܗ ݁ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܘܐ݁ ܽܕ ܺܘܢܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ ܳܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܛܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓܪ ݂ܦ ܘ ݂ܟܐ ݂ܦܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܚܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܒܪܝ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܥܰܠ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܺܘ ܰܐܪ ݂ܒ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ ܰܕܫ �ܥܺܝܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 









XXII





I shall rise up against a prosperous land, 1 I shall attack those who live in peace, who have no walls, no bars, no gates — So that you may lead away the captivity, plunder the spoil, turn your hand against the waste places that were once inhabited, against the people who were gathered up from among the nations, who owned cattle and goods, who live upon the beauty of the land. 2

Sheba, Daran, the merchants of Tarshish, all the towns 3 will say to you: Have you come to lead away the captivity, to plunder the spoil? You brought together your assembly so that you might carry off silver and gold, take cattle and goods, take rich spoil. 4

Therefore, prophesy! O mortal man. Say to Gog: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘On the day when my people Israel lives in peace, will you not recognize it?’ 5 You will come from your place, from the far north, and the many nations that are with you, all the horsemen, a great assembly, a numerous host. You will go up against my people Israel, like a cloud covering the land; you will come in the latter days, and I shall bring you to my land. The nations will know me, when I have been sanctified by you before their eyes.

Thus says the Lord of lords: You are he of whom I said in the days of old, through 6 my servants the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in those days and in those years, that I will come 7 against them.

On that day, when Gog will come against the land of Israel, says the Lord of lords, my rage will burn, in my anger, in my jealousy.

‘against a prosperous land’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. ‘beauty of the land’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘towns’ or ‘villages’ or ‘cities’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘rich spoil’: lit. ‘great taking’. 5 ‘will you not recognize it?’: lit. ‘you will know’. MT has a rhetorical question, which fits the context well. 6 ‘through’: lit. ‘by the hand of’. 7 ‘come’: ‘lit. ‘bring you’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܣܩ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܽܫـܘ� ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܗܝܢ ݁ܬܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܝ ݂ܬܒܝܢ ܒܫ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ܽܣܘ ݁ܟ ܶ� ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ܬܫ ݁ ܶܒܐ ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܒܘܙ ݁ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܰܚ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܝܰ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ‬ ‫ܝـܪ ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܢܘ ݁ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝـܢ ܥܰـܠ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܰ‬ ‫ܪܫܝܫ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ݂ ܳܕ ܳܪܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ ܺܢܐܡ ܳ�ܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬܝـ ݁ܬ ܠ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰܒܙ ݁ ܶܒܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݁ܬ ݁ܟ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܘܩܢ�ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܕܒܪ ܕ ݂ܒܪܬܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܓ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒـܗ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ݁ ܰܕܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܒܫ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܺܬܐ ݂ܬܶܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܫ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܰܠܝ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ� ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫� ݂ܟܒܝ � ݂ܟܫܐ‪ :‬ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܪܒܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܝܐ � ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܠܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܺܘ ݂ܬ ܶ ܰܣܩ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܬܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝ ݂ܟ � ̱‬ ‫ܘܢ ̱ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܢ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܩ ݂ ̈ܕ ܳܡ ܶܝـܐ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫̱ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ݁ ܰ ܺ ̈ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕܝ ܢ ݂ܒܝܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܢܒܝܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ܗܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܫ�ܝܐ ܗܠܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܐܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܬܐ ܽܓܘܓ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܺܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܩ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘܓܙ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛܢ ̱‬ ‫݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning the house of Gog and Magog, who rose up against them when they went up from Babylon

 

 

   

 

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, set your face against Gog and against the land of Magog, leader and head of Meshech and of Tubal. Prophesy against him and say:

Thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am against you, Gog, leader and head of Meshech and of Tubal. I shall gather you up, I shall put a muzzle on your jaws; I shall bring you out of your land, 1 you and all your army, horses and horsemen clothed in armor, all the great crowd, with lances and shields, and swordsmen. All the Persians, the Cushites, the Putians with them, with shields and helmets.

Gomer and all her army, and the house of Togarmah, from the far 2 north, their whole army, and the many nations with you.

Prepare yourself, and all your assembly gathered with you, and guard them.

From days of old you have been commanded; in years to come you will come to the mountains of Israel, to a land which has found peace from the sword: 3 it was gathered from many nations, they all dwelt in it in peace. You will rise up like a tempest, like a cloud covering the land, you and all your army and the many nations that are with you”’.

Thus says the Lord of lords: On that day, thoughts will come into your mind. 4 You will conceive a wicked plan, 5 you will say: ‘land’: lit. ‘place’. ‘far’: lit. ‘depths of’. So too passim. 3 ‘sword’ or ‘ruin’. 4 ‘thoughts … come … mind’: lit. ‘words … come up … heart’. 5 ‘plan’: lit. ‘conceiving’. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܠܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽܓܘܓ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܓܘܓ ܳ‬ ‫�ܩܝܢ ܥܠܰܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܣܠܩ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ‬ ‫݂ ݂݁‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܒ ݂ܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܕ ܳܡ ܽܓܘܓ‪ :‬ܡ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܒܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܣ ܽܝܡ ܐܦܝ ݁ܟ ܥܠ ݁ܕ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܓ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ܐ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ܰܘ݁ܕ ݂ܬܘ ݁ ܶܒܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ ݁ ܽܓـܘܓ‪ :‬ܡ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢـܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܫـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ݁ ݂ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܕ ݂ܬܘܒܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܐ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܳܩ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ ܰܚܝܠـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܫܝـܢ ܰܙ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܳ� ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܺ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܙ ݂ ܶܟـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܣ ݁ܟـ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܚ ̈� ݂ ܰܕܝ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܶܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ̈ܘ ܳܫ ܶܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳܛ ܶܝܐ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ݁ܟ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܣܢܘ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܳܓ ܳܡ ـܪ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶـܗ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ـ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݁ ܶܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ݂ ܽܦ ـ ̈ܘ ܰܠܝ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝ ـܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ـܗ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܫ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܢܝܫ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰܝ ݂ܒ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡܛܪ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܐ ܐ ݂ܬܦܩܕܬ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܫ�ܝܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬܐ ܥܠ ܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܺ ̈ܶ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܐܫܬܝܢ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܚܪ ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܟܢܫ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ ܣܓܝـܐܐ‪ :‬ܘܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܰܣܩ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ ܰܚܝܠـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܥ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܟܣܝـܐ �‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܢܶ ̈ܣ ܳܩܢ ̈ܡ� ܥܰܠ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܚܫ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 









 

No more will they be polluted by their idols, by their abominations, by all their iniquity; I shall deliver them from all their dwelling places in which they have sinned; I shall cleanse them, they will be my people and I shall be their God. My servant David will reign over them; there will be one shepherd for them all. They will observe my judgments, they will keep and do my commandments. They will live in the land which I gave to my servant Jacob, in which their fathers lived; they will live in it, they and their children, and their children’s children, forever; and my servant David will be their leader, forever. I shall set up a covenant of peace for them, it will be an eternal covenant for them. I shall multiply them, I shall set my sanctuary in their midst, forever.

My dwelling place will be among them: I shall be their God, and they will be my people. The nations will know that I am the Lord, for I sanctify Israel — my sanctuary is among them, forever’.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶـܗ ܥܰ ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܶ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܽܦ ـܘܢ ܒ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܛܘ ݁ ܶܒܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܘܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܩ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܡܥܡܪܗܘܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܺ ܰܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܝ ܥܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܢܐ ܐܗܘܐ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܘܝـ ݂ܕ ܰܢܡܠ ܶـ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܝـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢـܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܢܗܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ �ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܩܘ ݂ܒ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܺܘܝ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ܕ ̱ܝ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܠ ܰܡ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܫܪܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܩـ ݁ ܶܕܫ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܫܝ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  XXI

Therefore, prophesy, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I open your graves, bring you up from your graves, I bring you to the land of Israel.

You will know that I am the Lord, when I have opened your graves, brought you up from your graves’.

I shall put my spirit into you, and you will live; I shall settle 1 you in your land. You will know that I am the Lord: I have spoken, I act, says the Lord of lords. For they come up, they are a single nation, a single kingdom.

 

  

 



The word of the Lord came to me saying:

Now you, O mortal man, take a stick and write on it ‘Judah and the children of Israel, its companions’. Take another stick and write on it ‘Joseph, on the stick of Ephraim, and all the children of Israel, its companions’. Bring one near to the other, and they will be a single stick in your hands.

If the children of your people say 2 to you: Show us what these things are, Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I take the stick of Joseph which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel its companions; I put them with the stick of Judah — and I make them a single stick, they will be (as) one in my hand. The sticks on which you have written — grasp them in your hand, before their eyes.

Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I take the children of Israel from among the nations, where they went; I shall gather them up, I shall bring them to their land.

I shall make them one nation, in the land on the mountains of Israel. There will be one king over them all: never again will they be two nations, never again be divided into two kingdoms.

‘settle’: lit. ‘leave’. 2 ‘say’: lit. ‘said’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ ܳܦـ ݂ܬܚ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܶܣܩ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܝـ ݁ ̱‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܶܚـ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣܩ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܐ ݁ܬܠ ܽܪ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܐ ܽܚـܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܩ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܥ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫�ܩܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܘܝܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܘܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܡ� ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ݂ܒ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܥܠܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܝܺـ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܝܰـ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ܰܚ ݂ܒـ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܘܣـ ݂ܒ ܰܩ ܳ ܶ ̱‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܦ ܶܪܝܡ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܣ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ܰܚ ܳܘܢ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܳܢ ܶܣ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ݁ܕ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ܦ ܶܪܝܡ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܛܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰـܡ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܣ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܽܚܘ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫�� ܰܢܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܝܣܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܳܢ ܶܣ ݂ܒ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ �ܪ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܟܢܫ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܐܝ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܒ ܽܛـܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܺܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܠ ܽ ݂ܓܘܢ ܠ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫ܰܡ� ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning the resurrection of the dead

      

 

 

The hand of the Lord came upon me. He brought me out, by the spirit of the Lord, and set me down in a valley: it was full of bones.

He made me pass over them, all around. I saw that they were very numerous indeed in the valley, and very dry. He said to me: O mortal man, can these bones live? I said: You, Lord of lords, know.

He said to me: Prophesy against these bones, say to them ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord’. Thus says the Lord of lords to these bones: See! I shall put breath into you, you will live.

I shall give you sinews, put flesh upon you, cover you with skin, put breath in you and you will live, and you will know that I am the Lord.

I prophesied as he had commanded me; when I had prophesied, there was a sound and a shaking and the bones drew near, each bone to its joint. I saw that sinews and flesh appeared 1 upon them, they were covered with skin, 2 from above: but there was no breath in them. He said to me: Prophesy to the wind, prophesy, O mortal man, and say to the wind ‘Thus says the Lord of lords “Come, wind, from the four winds; breathe into these dead, that they may they live”’. I prophesied as he had commanded me, and a breath entered them, and they lived, they stood up on their feet, a mighty host.

He said to me: O mortal man, all these are the bones of the children of Israel, who say ‘Our bones have dried up, our hope has perished, we have been brought to naught.

‘appeared’: lit. ‘came up’. 2 ‘they were covered with skin’: lit. ‘ skin covered them’. 1



‫ܰܶ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܠܙ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܚ ܰܝ ݂ܬ ܺܡ ̈ܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܢـܝ ݁ܒ ܽܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚـܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܠ ܰܝ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢـܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܰܩܥـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܪܝܰ ̱‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ̱ܢܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ܕ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܺܝܐܝـܢ ܛـ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܰܩܥـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܛـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰܝ ݁ ܺܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܚܐܝܢ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ܰܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ� ܶܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܡܥܶـܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܐ ܽܚܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܣܩ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܓ ܳ� ݂ ̈ܶܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܩܪܘܡ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܬܐ ܽܚܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܩـ ܳ� ܰܘܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܩ ݂ ܰܕܢ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܓ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܫ ܺܪܝ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܓ ܳ� ݂ ̈ܕ ܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܒܣـܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܩـܪܡ ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕܣܠܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܶܡܫ ݁ܟـܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫�ܥ ܶܠ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܶܡܢ ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܽ� ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ݁ܒ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܩܛ ̈�� ܺܘܢܐ ܽܚܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܝ ـܘ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ـܝ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶܠ ܰـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒ ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ـ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ـܠ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐܝ ـ ݂ ܳܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܦܩ ݂ ܰܕܢـ ̱‬ ‫ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ� ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ݂ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܕܐܡܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܝܺ ݂ ܶܒܫ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܓ� ܰܡܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܰܪܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܛܠܢ ܰܠܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

  







There you will recall your wicked ways, your evil 1 deeds; your faces will be drawn (with disgust) at your iniquity, your abominations.

Know that it is not for your sake that I do these (things), says the Lord of lords. Be ashamed, restrain yourselves from your wicked ways; then you of the house of Israel will not die. Thus says the Lord of lords: On the day when I purify you from all your iniquity I shall re-people the cities, rebuild the desolate places.

The land which was desolate will be cultivated, that which was desolate in the sight of all passing by.

They will say: That land was desolate — it has become like the garden of Eden; the cities which were laid waste, overthrown, have become fortified places.

The nations that remain around you will know that I am the Lord, that I build up the ruins, I plant the wastelands. I, the Lord, have spoken and act.

Thus says the Lord of lords: Again, in this (way) shall I seek those of the house of Israel; I shall act on their behalf, 2 multiply them, make them numerous as sheep. 3 Like sanctified flocks, like the flocks in Jerusalem at its festival time, thus will they be, the cities that lie waste. They will be filled with flocks of men, and they will know that I am the Lord.

‘evil’: lit. ‘mad/infatuated’. ‘act on their behalf’: lit. ‘work for them’. 3 ‘numerous as sheep’: lit. ‘like a flock of men’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܨ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܳܫܛ ̈ܝـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ̈ܡ�ـܢ‬ ‫� ܘ ݂ܬܬܕ ݂ܟܪܘܢ ܬܡـܢ ܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـܘܢ ܒܝܫـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܘ݂ ܰܕܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܕ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡܛܠ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒـ ܰܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ݇ܟܣ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ ܥܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܚ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܠ ܰܚ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܨ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ݂ ܰܕܥـ ݂ ܶܕܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ� ݁ ܳܒـܢ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܘܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܗܝ ܚܪ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܡܣ ̈ܚ ݂ ܳܦܢ‪ :‬ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܰܟ� ݁ ܶܟܐ ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܐ‪ܶ.‬‬ ‫̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܪܝـܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܣ ̈ܚ ݂ ܳܦـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠܘ ܘܢܕܥܘܢ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ ݂ܕܡܫ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܨ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܚ� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܠܙ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ̈ ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠـܡ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ܕܥܺܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܝ̈ـ ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳـܢ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ ܰܩ ݁ ܺܕ ܝ ̈ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ �ܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ� ݁ ܳܒܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܡ� ܳ ̈ܝܢ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 



      

They went to the nations, they besmirched my holy name; the nations 1 said to them: These are the people of God, they have come forth from his land. I was concerned for my holy name which those of the house of Israel had besmirched among the nations when they went among them. Therefore, say to those of the house of Israel: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘I do not act for your sake, house of Israel, but for my holy name, that you besmirched among the nations when you went among them.

I shall sanctify my great name which was besmirched among the nations when you besmirched it among them’. The nations will know that I am the Lord, says the Lord of lords, when I have been sanctified through you, in their sight. I shall lead you from the nations, gather you up from the countries, and bring you to your land. I shall sprinkle pure water over you, and clean you of all your pollution and from all your idols.

I shall give you a new heart, put a new spirit among you; I shall take 2 the heart of stone from your body, 3 I shall give you a heart of flesh.

I shall put my spirit among you, make you follow my commandments; you shall observe and carry out my judgments. You will live in the land which I gave to your fathers. You will be my people, and I shall be your God.

I shall deliver you from all your pollution; I shall summon the grain and increase it; I shall not bring famine upon you. I shall make the trees bear abundant fruit, increase the produce 4 of the land, no more will you bear the shame of famine among the nations.

‘nations’: lit. ‘house of the nations’. ‘take’: lit. ‘make pass away’. 3 ‘body’: this renders the Syriac word elsewhere translated as ‘flesh’. 4 ‘make the trees bear abundant fruit, increase the produce …’: lit. ‘multiply the fruits of the trees and the produce (plural) …’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܶܘܫـ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟ ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܐܪܥ ܶܗ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪ :‬ܗܠܝܢ ܥܡܗ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܐܠܗܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܣ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܫܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫݂ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪̱ � :‬ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܢ ـܐ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܡ ܽܛ ـܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩ ـܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕܛ ܶܘܫ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ ݂ܕܐܙܠܬܘܢ �ܘ ݂ܬܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ـܝ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݁ܬܛـ ܰܘܫ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ݁ܕܛـ ܶܘܫ ݁ܬ ܳܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ݁ ܶܕ ܰܐܩـ ݁ ܶܕܫ ܶܫܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܶܘܐ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ �ܪܥ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܶܘ ܽܐܪܘܣ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܝ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ܚـ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ݁ܬܠ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܦܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒܣܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܣܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܟܙ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ ݁ܒ ܰܓܘ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܬ ܰܗܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢـܝ ݁ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܛـܪܘܢ‬ ‫ܪ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢـܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܩܪ ܐ ܰܠܥ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܶܘܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܩ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܝـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ܘܐܣܓܐ ݂ܦܐ � ܐ ݂ܕܐܝ�ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠـܘܢ ܶܚܣـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   



  

 

 

But you, O mountains of Israel, you will blossom, you will be fruitful, for my people Israel, for they have drawn near. And See! I turn towards you: you will be cultivated, you will be sown.

I shall put many men of the whole house of Israel upon you: the cities will be inhabited, the waste places built up.

I shall put many men and beasts upon you. They will be many, they will multiply; I shall make you live as in the days of old, I shall do good to you as in the beginning: and you will know that I am the Lord.

I shall make men, for my people Israel, walk among you; they will inherit you, and you will be their inheritance; you will no longer be bereaved. Thus says the Lord of lords: Because they say to you: You have devoured men and are bereaved of her people.

From now on 1 you will not eat men, no more be bereaved of your people, says the Lord of lords.

No more will I listen to the reproach of the nations concerning you, you will no more endure their insults, 2 no more be bereaved of your people, 3 says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, those of the house of Israel live in their land, but have defiled it with their ways and their deeds: their way, before me, was as unclean as a menstruating woman.

I poured out my fury upon them, because they had shed 4 blood in the land, defiled it with their idols.

I scattered them among the nations, dispersed them abroad, 5 judged them according to their ways and their deeds.

‘From now on’ or ‘Therefore’. ‘endure their insults’: lit. ‘bear their dishonor’. 3 ‘no more be bereaved of your people’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘shed’: same Syriac root as ‘poured out’ earlier in the verse. 5 ‘abroad’: lit. ‘in countries’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܶ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܝ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ܬܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܽ :‬ܥܘ ݂ ܳܦܝ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦܐ �ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܬܪ ݁ ܽܒܘܢ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܩܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܚܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܶܙ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܝܰ ̈ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ̈� ܳܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ݁ܒـ ܽܪܘܢ ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܽܓـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܺܕܝܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܛܐ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ܟܘܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܡܢ ܪܝܫܝ ݂‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢܐܪ ݁ ܽܬ ܳܘܢ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰܐܗ ܶܠ ݂ ܳܟ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳ ܰܫܐ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫� ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬܘܣ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ ܠ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܙ ܽܝܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܳܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܟܠܰـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܡ ܰ ݂ܓܙܝܰ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ � ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ݂ܰܓ ܶܙܝܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠܝــܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܡ ـܥ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ـ ̱ܝ ܶܚܣ ـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ‪ :‬ܘܨܥ ـ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ݂ܰܓ ܶܙܝܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫــܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝــ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝــܢ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܥــܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܛܢ ݂ ܽܦــ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ� ܳܚــ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ ܐ ܽܘܪܚ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒܨܶ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܛܡܐܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ܦܣܢܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫــ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܫــ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܓــܙ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝــܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܳܡــܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ‪ :‬ܘܛܢ ݂ ܽܦــ ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܺܪܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕ ܝ̈ܢـ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܨ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XX

 











Chapter  Now you, O mortal man, prophesy against the mountains of Israel, say to the mountains of Israel: Hear the word of the Lord of lords. Thus says the Lord of lords: Because the enemy has gloated over you 1 and has said ‘The high places of old are ours, they are our inheritance’.

Because of this, prophesy and say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Because you have been dishonored, laid waste, reviled 2 by those who surround you, you were an inheritance for the rest of the nations, you will fall (victim) to gossip, 3 to the mockery of the nations.

Therefore hear the word of the Lord of lords, O mountains of Israel. Thus says the Lord of lords to the mountains, to the high places, to the valleys, to the low-lying (places), to the deserted desolate places, to the forsaken cities — they were plunder, mockery, to the rest of the nations which surround them —

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: In the fire of my jealousy I have spoken against the rest of the nations and against all Edom, because they made my land their inheritance — in their exultation 4 they treated people shamefully, 5 so that they might take them into captivity, 6 despoil them. Therefore prophesy against the land of Israel. Say to the mountains, to the high places, to the valleys, to the low-lying (places) ‘Thus says the Lord of lords “See! I have spoken in my jealousy, in my anger, because you have borne the reproach of the nations”’.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I have lifted up my hand against the nations which surround you, so that they should bear their reproach. ‘gloated over you’: lit. ‘said “Aha”’. 2 ‘reviled’: same Syriac root as ‘blasphemies’ in 35:12. 3 ‘gossip’: lit. ‘speech of tongues’. 4 ‘their exultation’: lit. ‘the joy of their hearts’. 5 ‘treated people shamefully’: lit. ‘dishonored souls’. 6 ‘take them into captivity’ or ‘exile them’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܟ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܠܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ .‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܠܛـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫̱ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܗ ܕܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܐ ܳܚܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܳܥܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܕܝܠ ܰܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܕܐܨ ܛܥܰـܪ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܝـ ݁ܬܘܢ ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܒ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ݁ܬܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡ�� ݂ܕܠܫܢܐ ܘ ݂ܒܪܢܝܐ ݂ܕܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܫܪ ܟܐ ݂ܕܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܦܠܬܘܢ ܒܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܗ ܕܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ̈ܚـ ܶ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܥܘ ̈ܡ ܶܩـܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ� ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ̈ܕ ܝܳـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܠܛܘ� ܐ ܘ��ܡـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶܒܩ‪ܰ :‬ܘܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡܘܝܳ ܳܩܐ ܠ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܠܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫� ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢـܝ ܰܡܠـ ݂ܬ ܥܰـܠ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܛܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܳܳ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܝ ܝܘܪܬ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܒܚـ ݂ܕܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܟ� ̇ܗ ܐ݂ܕܘܡ‪ :‬ܥܠ ݁ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܐ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܨܥܰܪ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܘܢܶ ݁ܒ ܽܙܘܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܠܛـܘ� ܐ ܰܘ� ܳ� ܳܡـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫�ܢ ̈ܚ ܶ� ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥܘ ̈ܡ ܶܩـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܰܡܠܶـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢـܝ‬ ‫ܛܢ ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ݁ܬܘܢ ܶܚܣ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܘܢ ܶܚܣ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

You will know that I am the Lord. I heard all your blasphemies, that you spoke about the mountains of Israel: that they are desolate, they are food our food.

You have spoken at length 1 against me, you have spoken so often 2 against me — and I have heard! Thus says the Lord of lords, to the mountain of Seir which dwelt in the joy of all the earth: 3 I shall make you a wasteland. Because you rejoiced at the desolate inheritance of the house of Israel, so shall I do to you: You will become a wasteland, O mountain of Seir, and all of Edom — and they will know that I am the Lord.

‘spoken at length’: lit. ‘lengthened your mouth’. ‘spoken so often’: lit. ‘multiplied your words’ 3 ‘the mountain of Seir which dwelt in the joy of all the earth’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ� ـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܫܡܥ ܶ ـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶـܗ ݁ ܽܓ ـܘ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܟ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢ ـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡ ـܪ ݁ܬ ܥܰ ـܠ ܛ ـܘ� ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܕܝܠ ܰܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܘܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܦܘܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ ݁ܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܶܫܡܥ ܶ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܥܺܝܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܝـܪ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ݁ܕ ܶܚܪ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕܝ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܛܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܥܺܝܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  

 



    

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, turn your face towards the mountain of Seir, and prophesy against it. Say to it: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I am against you, mountain of Seir. I shall lift up my hand against you, I shall make you a wasteland, a horror.

I shall make your cities desolate, you will be a wasteland: you will know that I am the Lord’. For you have always been hostile, 1 you delivered up the children of Israel to the sword 2 at the time of their distress, at the time of their final injury. 3 Therefore, as I live, says the Lord of lords, I shall make you blood: blood will pursue you, the blood which you hated — blood will pursue you. I shall make the mountain of Seir a wasteland, a horror. I shall cut off from it any one passing through or returning.

I shall fill its mountains with its slain, your crags, your high places, your valleys — the slain by the sword will fall in them. I shall make you desolate forever, your cities uninhabited: you will know that I am the Lord.

For you said that two nations and two kings are mine, and I shall inherit them: yet the Lord was there.

Therefore, as I live, says the Lord of lords, I shall do to you according to your fury, according to your hostility which you expressed, you hated them. I shall be revealed among them, when I judge you.

‘you have always been hostile’: lit. ‘there has always been enmity for you/you have always had enmity’. 2 ‘sword’: lit. ‘hand of the sword’. 3 ‘their final injury’: lit. ‘the injury of their end’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܠܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܥܺܝܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܳܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ܛܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܥܺܝܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܠܝܟ‪ :‬ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ܠܚ ݂ܒ� ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܶܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ܽܚܘܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܠ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܒܥ ܶܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ �ܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ܰܩ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰܘ� ݂ܕ ܶܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܨܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܢܶܪ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܟ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܡܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܢܝ ݁ܬ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܢܶܪ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢܶܗ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰܘ݁ܕ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠܛܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕܣܥܝܪ ܠܚ ݂ܒ� ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡ� ܽܛܘ ܰ�ܘܗܝ ܶܡܢ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܰܒܘܗܝ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܫܩ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܦܝ ݁ܟ ܘ ܳ� ܳܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܘܢ ̈ܚܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ܕ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܳ� ܢܶ ݂ܬܝܰ ̈ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ ܽܚܘܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ �ܥܠܡ‪ :‬ܘܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܠـܝ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬܪܝܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܺܡܝܢ ܘ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܬܝܢ ܰܡ� ݁ܟـ ܳܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـ ܳܙ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܢܝ ݁ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܓ� ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܐܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܥܠܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܕܥ ݂ܒܕܬ ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



For you, my sheep, are the sheep of my pasture: you are mortals, and I am the Lord your God, says the Lord of lords.



‫‪� ‬‬

‫݁ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܐ ܳܠܗ ݂ ܶܟܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܪܥܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܒ��ܢܫܐ ܐܢ ̱ܬܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

      26 

 



Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I judge between the fat ewe and the lean ewe. Because they thrust, with their sides, with their shoulders; with their horns they gored all the sick, till they had driven them away 1 —

I shall save my flock, no more will it be for them to plunder: 2 I shall judge between one ewe and another, between one ram and another. I shall set up a shepherd over them, and he will tend them: my servant David will tend them, he will be their shepherd.

I the Lord will be their God, and my servant David will rule over them.

I shall set up for them a covenant of peace: I shall rid the land of the wild beasts, 3 (so that) they will live in peace in the wilderness, sleep in the forest. I shall give them my blessing, around my hill; I shall bring down the rain in its season, it will be a blessed rain.

The trees of the land will bear fruit, the land will give its produce, they will live in their land in hope. They will know that I am the Lord, when I break their yoke: I shall free them from the hands of their oppressors. No more will they be plunder for the nations, nor will the wild beast 4 devour them; they will live in hope, they will not be harmed. 5

I shall establish a plantation of peace 6 for them: no more will they be tormented by famine in the land, no more will they bear the reproach of the nations. They will know that I am the Lord their God, and they are my people, of the house of Israel, says the Lord of lords.

‘driven them away’: lit. ‘scattered them outside’. 2 ‘for them to plunder’: lit. ‘plunder/spoil for them’. 3 ‘rid the land of the wild beasts’: lit. ‘make the evil beast cease from the land’. 4 ‘wild beast’: lit. ‘beast of the open country’. 5 ‘they will not be harmed’: lit. ‘there will not be injurious for them’. 6 ‘of peace’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܐܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝـܐ ܰܫ ܺܡܝܢـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝܐ ܡ ܺܚܝܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܩـ�ܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ̈ܚ ݁ ܳܦܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ̈ܦ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܩ� ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܟ�‬ ‫ܝــܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ــ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ــܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒــܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝــ ݂ܬ ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܘܐ ݂ܦܪ ܺܩ ̇‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܩܝــܐ‬ ‫�ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ � ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܪܥ ܶܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܺܘܝ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ̱ܝ ܽܗܘ ܢܶܪܥܶـܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡ ܥܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ܳܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܳܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰܺ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܫܠܝܛܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܐܢܐ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܗܘܐ �ܗܘܢ ܐܠܗܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܘܝ ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ܒܕ ̱ܝ ܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡ ـܐ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܡ ـܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝــܡ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥ ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡ ـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܒܛ ـܠ ܚܝ ـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܫ ـ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܡܪܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܕܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܬ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒܢܶܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܒܘܪ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܚ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܳܪ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒܘܪ ݁ܟ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܠ ܥ̈ܠـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܥـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܐܝ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ ܢܥܒ ݂ܕܘܢ ܦܐ � ܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܺܢ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܺܨܝ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ܐܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܥ̈ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ ܳ� ݂ܬܶܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܚ ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܢܩܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܫ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܢܶܨ ݁ܒ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫� ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܘܢ ܶܚܣ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܠ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܡܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 







 

 



As the shepherd watches over his sheepfold on a day of heavy rain, 1 so shall I watch over my sheep, I shall gather them from all the places to where they have been scattered, on a day of cloud, of thick darkness.

I will bring them out from (among) the nations, gather them up from the countries, bring them to their land, I shall tend them on the mountains of Israel, in the valleys and in every safe place 2 of the land’. I shall tend them in a good pasture: their sheepfold will be among the high mountains of Israel, there they will lie down 3 in a good sheepfold, 4 they will feed (on) a rich pasture, among the mountains of Israel.

I shall tend my sheep, I shall make them lie down, says the Lord of lords.

I shall seek the lost one, bring back the stray, bind up the broken one, strengthen the sick one; I shall guard 5 the rich and the strong, I shall feed them with justice.

But as for you, my sheep, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I judge between one ewe and another, between one ram and another. 6 Is it not enough for you, O shepherds, a good pasture on which you graze 7 (your flock) — yet the rest of your pasture you trample under your feet; and you drink the water — yet the rest, which is more than you need, you churn up with your feet.

My sheep have eaten what you have trampled, 8 drunk the water that your feet have churned up. ‘on a day of heavy rain’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. ‘safe place’: lit. ‘habitation’. 3 ‘lie down’: a different Syriac root is used than that found in e.g. 32:28. See too 34:15. 4 ‘sheepfold’: these render a different Syriac word from that found in 34:12. 5 ‘guard’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘one ewe and another, between one ram and another’: lit. ‘between ewe and ewe, between ram and ram’. So too 34:.22. 7 ‘graze’: same Syriac root as ‘tend’ as in 34:14. 8 ‘what you have trampled’: lit. ‘the trampling of your feet’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܙ ܳܝܩܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܐܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܪ ̇ܝܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ ܰܠܓ ܳܙ ܶܪܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܣܥܰܪ ܳܪ ܳ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ܰܘ݂ܕܥܰܪ ݁ ܶܦ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝـܢ ܰ�ܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܗܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܝـ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܪܥ ܶܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ܶ� ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܝܰ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܐܪܥ ܶܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪܗܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢ� ܒܥܢ ܒ ݂ܕܝܪ ܐ ܛ ݂ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܪܥܝܐ ܫܡܝܢܐ ܢ�ܥܝܢ ܒܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐܪܥ ܶܐ � ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ ܰܐܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܺܒܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܐ ݂ܒܥ ܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܨܘ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܟܪ‬ ‫ܝܗܐ ܐ ܰܚ ܶܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܺܡ ܳܝܢـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫ ܳܝܢܐ ܐܛܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܪܥ ܶܐ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝـܐ �ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܐܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ � ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܝܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܳܪܥ ܶܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܶܪܥܝ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܳ� ܳܣ ݂ ܶܦܩ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܝـܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܚܝـܢ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ� ݂ܓܠܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡܝܐ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ̈ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ ̱ܝ �ܥܝ ܕ‬ ‫ܘܫܐ ݂ܕ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ܬܝ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ � ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XIX

 

 

 

 

 



Chapter  The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy and say to them: O shepherds, thus says the Lord of lords ‘Woe to the shepherds of Israel who tend them’: 1 the shepherds did not tend the sheep.

You eat the fat, you clothe (yourselves) with their wool, you sacrifice their fatlings: but you do not tend the sheep. You did not strengthen the sick one, you did not heal the infirm one, you did not bind up the broken one, you did not bring back the stray, you did not seek the lost one, but you subjected them to violence. My sheep were scattered without a shepherd, they were food for every beast of the field. My sheep wandered throughout the mountains, on every high hill; my sheep were scattered to every land, there is no-one who seeks (them) nor gathers (them) up. Therefore, O shepherds, hear the word of the Lord.

As I live, says the Lord of lords, since my sheep were as plunder, my sheep were food for every beast of the field, without a shepherd, and the shepherds did not tend my sheep but fed 2 themselves and did not tend my sheep, Because of this, O shepherds, hear the word of the Lord.

Thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am against the shepherds; I shall demand my sheep from their hands, I shall bring them to naught so that they will tend my sheep no more. I shall save my sheep from their mouths, no more will they be food for them! Thus says the Lord of lords: See! I seek my sheep, I watch over them.

‘who tend them’ or ‘who feed themselves’. 2 ‘fed’: same Syriac root as ‘tend/shepherd’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܛ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܠܕ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܳ� ܰ�ـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪�ܰ �ܳ :‬ـ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪̱ � :‬ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳܪܥ ܶܝܢ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ��ܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܪܥ ܶܝܢ ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܫ ܺܡ ̈�ܢܶܐ ܳܐ ݂ܟܠ ܺܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡـܪܗܘܢ ܳܠ ݂ܒ ܺܫܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܰܦܛ ̈ܡـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܒ ܺܚܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ̈ܐ � ܳܪܥ ܶܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܺܣܝ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܐ ܳ� ܰܚ ܶܝܠ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܨ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝـܐ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܶܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܩܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܰܫܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫� ܐܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܐܒܝ ݂ܕ ܐ � ݂ܒܥܝܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܠ ܰܝ ܳܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܗ ̈ܘܝ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܳ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܽ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܘܛܥ ݂ܬ �ܢ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܟ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܛܘ� ܐ‪ ܳ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܪܡـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܠܝܬ ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܒܥ ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ܕܡ ݂ܟܢܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ�ܢ̈ ̱ܝ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܥܝـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܪܥܰـܘ ܳ� ܰ�ـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܠ ܰܝ ܳܪ ܳ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐ� ܪܥܰـܘ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ ̱ܝ � ܪܥܰܘ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܢ ݂ܦܫ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܳ� ܰ�ـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒـܥ ܳ�ܢ̈ـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ܶܛܠ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥـܘܢ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܦـܨܶ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܦـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܥܰܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶ‬ ‫��ܢ̈ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 



 

They will know that I am the Lord, when I make the land a waste, a horror, because of all the abominations that they have committed.

And you, O mortal man — the children of your people, who devise (plots) against you, in the corners of rooms, 1 in the doorways of houses, speaking, one with the other, a man with his brother, saying: Come, hear what word has come from the presence of the Lord, And the people come to you, sit before you, and listen to your words — but they do not obey them, for there is deceit 2 in their mouths, and they follow their hearts’ desire. They think of you as a song, as a beautiful voice, as the sweet harp; they hear your words, but they do not obey them. But when your words have come to pass — then they will know that you are a prophet in their midst’.

‘in the corners of rooms’: lit. ‘by the side of walls’. 2 ‘deceit’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܘܢܕܥܘܢ ܰ ܕܐܢܐ ܳܐ̱ܢܐ ܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒـܕܬܗ �ܪܥـܐ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ� ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ :‬ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܪ ܢܶܝܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܐ ̈ܣܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ�ܥܶـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܡܠ ܺܝܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܥܰܡ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܥܰـܡ ܰܐ ܽܚـܘܗܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܬܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥـ ̱ܘ ܳܡ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫� ܳܘܐ ݂ܬܶܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܘܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥܺܝـܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܝـ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܘ� ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠܽـܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦـ ܽ‬ ‫�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܬ�‬ ‫ܥܝـ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܙ ̱ܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܙ ܺܡܝܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܩ ܳ� ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܫܝ ݂ܒ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ�ـ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰ ̈ܡܝ ݁ܟ ܳܘ� ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܝ ݁ܟ‪ܳ :‬ܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܺܒ ܳܝܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 



 



 



But you say ‘The way of the Lord is unfair’ — I shall judge you, each according to his ways, house of Israel. In the eleventh year of our captivity, on the fifth day of the tenth month, one who had escaped from Jerusalem came to me and said to me: ‘The city is destroyed’.

Before he came to me, the one who had escaped, the hand of the Lord came upon me in the evening and restored my speech, 1 before the one who had escaped came 2 to me in the morning. When my speech was restored to me I was no longer dumb. 3 The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, those who live in the wastelands, these of the land of Israel, are saying: Abraham who was (but) one inherited the land; we who are many do not inherit it. 4

So say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Because you eat the blood, you lift up your eyes to your idols, you drink 5 blood — yet you want to inherit the land!

You rely upon your swords, you commit abominations, you defile each his neighbor’s wife — yet you want to inherit the land!’ Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘As I live, all who are among the ruins will fall by the sword; all who are in the fields, I shall give as food to the wild beast; and all who are in the chasms and the caves will die of pestilence.

I shall make the land a waste, a horror; 6 the glory of its strength will be brought to naught; 7 the mountains of Israel will be deserted, no one will pass through.

‘restored my speech’: lit. ‘opened my mouth’. ‘came … came’: the first verb is imperfect, but the second perfect. 3 ‘When my speech was restored to me I was no longer dumb’: lit. ‘When my mouth was opened again it was not closed’. 4 ‘do not inherit it’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 5 ‘drink’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 6 ‘horror’: lit. ‘astonishment’. So too 33:29. 7 ‘brought to naught’: lit. ‘destroyed from it’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ� ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬܗ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܟ ܳܘ ܶ ̱‬ ‫ܐܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܐ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܺܨܝ ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ܕܥܣ� ܐ ݂ܒܚܡ ܶܫܬܐ ݂ܒܝܪܚܐ ݂ܕܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠ ܶܡ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘܥܰ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܺܢܐ ݂ܬܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܺܨܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܥܠܰـܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦـ ݂ܬܚ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݁ܦ ܶ ̱‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܺܨܝ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܦـ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫� ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܳܗܡ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܚ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܺ� ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ݁ܕ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ ܚ ܰܢܢ � ܝܳܪ ݁ܬ ܰܝܢܢ � ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ ܐ ݂ܟܠܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܝـܢ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܡـܐ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܘ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܠ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܐܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܟܘ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܘܢ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܐܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܛܢ ݂ ܺܦܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚـܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚ� ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܽܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݁ܬܠ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚܩـ� ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟـܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܦܥ ܶ� ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܡ� ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܺ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ܰܛـܠ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܥـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܝܗ �ܪܥـܐ ܠ ܶܚ ݂ܒـ� ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܢܶܨ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܢ ܒܠܝ ݁ܕܥ ݂ܒܪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 









 

   

And you, O mortal man — say to those of the house of Israel ‘Thus you have spoken “Our wickedness and our sins burden 1 us, we pine away in them, how can we survive?”’ Say to them: As I live, says the Lord of lords, I do not desire the death of the wicked, rather that the wicked should turn from his wickedness, and live. Turn, return from your evil ways, and, you will of the house of Israel will not die.

And you, O mortal man — say to the children of your people ‘The righteousness of the righteous man does not save him on the day when he sins; nor will the wicked stumble in his wickedness, on the day when he turns from his wickedness; the righteous will not live, on the day when he sins’.

When I said to the righteous ‘You 2 will surely live’ and he put his trust in his righteousness and then acted wickedly — all his righteous deeds will not be remembered to his credit; 3 rather, he will die for his wickedness. When I said to the wicked ‘You will surely die’ and he turns from his sins, acts justly and righteously,

Returns the pledge that he took, repays everything that he took by fraud, observes the commandments of life, acts wickedly no more, he will surely live and not die.

None of the sins that he sinned will be remembered against him, but he will live in his justice and righteousness. 4

The children of your people say: The way of the Lord is unfair — (but) it is their ways that are unfair. When the righteous man turns from his righteousness, and acts wickedly, he will die in his wickedness. When the wicked man turns from his wickedness, does justice and acts righteously, he will live because of that. 5 ‘burden’: lit. ‘are upon’. ‘You’: lit. ‘He’. We have translated the indirect quotation as a direct quotation. 3 ‘his credit’: lit. ‘to him’. 4 ‘his justice and righteousness’: lit. ‘the justice and righteousness that he did’. 5 ‘because of that’: lit. ‘in them’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܳܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܥܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܢ ܰܘܚܛ ̈ܗܝܢ‬ ‫̱ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܗܘܢ ܡ ݂ܬܡܣܝܢ ܚܢܢ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܚܐܝܢ ܚܢܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡـܘ ݁ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰ�ـ ܳܘ�‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܰ ܳܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܰܢܘ ܶܡـܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ �ܘ� ܡܢ ܥܘܠܗ ܘܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܨ�ܐ ܶܠܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܳ� ܡ ݂ ܰܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶܐ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܘ ܳ� ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܩܠ ݁ܒܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶܛܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ� ܳܚ ܶܝܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚܛܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫�ܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܐ ܳܚܐ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶܟܠ ܥܰܠ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ ܶܟـܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܘ�‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ � ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܪ ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܒܥܰܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫�� ܳܘ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܚܛـ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܢܶܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕܛܠ ܰܡ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܥ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ ܰܢܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ ܘ� ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܥܒ ݂ܕ ܥܘ�‪ :‬ܡܐܚܐ ܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ � ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽܪܘܢ ܶܠܗ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܽ ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ �ܳ :‬ܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ـܗܘܢ �‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ�ܚـ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘܬܶܗ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܒܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳ� ܶܡܢ ܰ� ܳܘ ܽܠܘ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Warning and consolation

 

   







The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, speak with the children of your people, say to them ‘When I bring the sword upon the land, the people of the land will take a man from among them, and make him their watchman’. When he has seen the sword which comes upon them, he will sound the horn and warn the people. He who hears the voice of the horn but takes no heed, so the sword comes and takes him — his blood is on his (own) head. But if he takes heed, his life is saved. 1

But the watchman, when he has seen the sword coming, and has not sounded the horn, has not warned the people, and the sword has come and it has taken a life from them, and that life was taken in his 2 sins — I shall seek its blood from the hands of the watchman. And you, O mortal man — I have appointed you as watchman over those of the house of Israel, so that you will hear the word, from my mouth, and convey my warning to them.

When I said to the wicked ‘You will surely die’, but you did not speak to the wicked to warn him 3 from his way — that wicked man will die in his wickedness, but I shall seek his blood from your hands. But you, if you did warn the wicked, (telling him) that he should turn from his way, and he did not turn — he will die in his wickedness, and you have saved your (own) life.

In MT the verse begins ‫‘ את קול השופר שמע ולא נזהר דמו בו יהיה‬He heard the sound of the horn but gave no warning — his blood will be on him’. This is largely identical to parts of 33:4, so the apparent omission in P is possibly due to imperfect haplography or more likely to a deliberate decision to avoid repetition. 2 ‘his’: the fem. suffix in P agrees with ‫ܢܦܫܐ‬. 3 ‘to warn him’: lit. ‘that he might be warned’. 1



‫ܰܶ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܠܓ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܳܪ ܐ ܘ ܽܠܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܠ ܶܠ ܥܰܡ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܡܝ‬ ‫ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢܶܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܩ ܳܪܢܐ ܰܘ ܰܢܙ ܰܗܪ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ܰܡـܥ ܳܩـ� ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܳܪܢـܐ ܘ� ܶܡـܙ݁ ܰܕ ܰܗܪ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܘ ܳܢܣ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶܠـܗ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܡـܗ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܙ݁ ܰܕ ܰܗܪ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ ܡ ݂ ܰܦܨܶ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩـܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܩ ܳܪܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ�ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܳ� ܰܙ ܰܗܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܘܩܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܶܗܝ ̈ ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܣ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܒܐ ܘܢܣܒ ݂ܬ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢ ݂ܦܫܐ‪ :‬ܗܝ ܢ ݂ܦܫܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܕܝܢ ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܕܘܩـܐ ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܫ ܰܡـܥ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܝ ܶܡܠ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫݁ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫�� ܳܘ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫��ـ ܳܘ� ݂ܕܢܶـܙ݁ܕ ܰܗܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܡܡـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܡـܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ܰܡـܪ ݁ܬ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳ� ݂ܒܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܗ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ܳܘ� ܗ ݂ ܰܦـ ݂ܟ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ ݂ܒܥܰـ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐܢ ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ݁ ܳܬܝ ̱ܗܝ ܰ‬ ‫�� ܳܘ ܳ� ݂ܕܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ‬ ‫ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܦ ܺܨܝ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

There are the rulers of the north and all the Sidonians who have gone down with those slain by the sword, ashamed, broken in their greatness. The uncircumcised slept with those slain by the sword; they bore their shame with those who descend into the pit. Pharaoh will see these and take comfort for all his army, slain by the sword, Pharaoh and all his army, says the Lord of lords.

For I wrought his destruction in the land of the living; I made him sleep among the uncircumcised, with the slain by the sword, Pharaoh and all his host, says the Lord of lords.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܫ ܺ� ̈ܝ ܳܛܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܝܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܡ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠܰـܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܩܛ ̈ܝܠܝܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܶܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܡܢ ݁ܓܢ̱ܒܪܘ ݂ܬܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ܥܘ� � ܥܡ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܘܢ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ‬ ‫�‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ܘ ݂ܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ‪ :‬ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܽܥـܘ� � ܥܰـܡ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠܰـܝ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܥ ݂ܒܕܬ ܓܝܪ ܬ ݂ܒܪܗ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܕܚܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܕܡ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݂ܳ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܽ ܽ ܶ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܝܦܐ‪ :‬ܦܪܥܘܢ ܗܘ ܘ ݂ܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 





XVIII





 

The rulers of the nations will speak to their young men from the midst of Sheol; the uncircumcised will go down, they will lie down, with those slain by the sword. There is Assyria and all its assembly, around its grave, all the slain who fell by the sword.

Who made its grave in the lowest part of the pit, its assembly around its grave, all its slain who fell by the sword, for they wrought destruction in the land of the living.

There is Elam and all its host around its grave, all the slain who fell by the sword. The uncircumcised have descended to the underworld, for they wrought destruction in the land of the living; they bore their shame with those who descend into the pit. Amongst the slain, they made him a bed, in the midst of his host; they surrounded its grave, all the uncircumcised slain by the sword, for they wrought destruction in the land of the living; they bore their shame with those who descend into the pit; they are assigned a place 1 among the slain.

There is Meshech, Tubal and all its host around its grave, all the uncircumcised slain by the sword, for they wrought destruction in the land of the living.

They will not lie down 2 with the mighty men who fall with the uncircumcised, who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, who laid their swords under their heads, their iniquities upon their bones, for with their might they wrought destruction in the land of the living. For you will lie down among the uncircumcised, sleep with the slain by the sword.

There is Edom, its kings and all its nobles, reckoned in their might with those slain by the sword; they will sleep with the uncircumcised, with those who descend into the pit.

‘assigned a place’: lit. ‘reckoned’. 2 ‘They will not lie down …’: possibly, ‘Will they not lie down …?’ as in MT. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܡܠ ܽܘܢ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܽܕ ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܰܫ ܺ� ̈ܝ ܳܛܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܝـܘܠ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܚـ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܟ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܽܥܘ� � ܥܰܡ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܫ ̇ܗ ܚ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܒ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܩܛ ̈�� ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܫ ـܗ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ـ ܶܪܗ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܓ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ـ ܶܪܗ ݁ ܰܒܫ ݂ ܽܦـ ̈ܘ ܰܠܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܟ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܩܛ ̈� ܶ� ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܕ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܥܺܝܠ ܰܡ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ̇ܗ ܚ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܩܛ ̈�ـ� ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܰܦܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܶـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܥܘ� � �ܪܥܐ ݂ܬܚܬܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܨܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܩܛ ̈� ܶ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܶܠـܗ ܰܡܫ ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܶܡܨܥܰـ ݂ܬ ܰܚܝܠܶـܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܛܝܠ ܺܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܶܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽܥܘ� � ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܨܥ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܩܛ ̈�� ܐ ݂ܬܚ ܶܫ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܛ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܬ ܳܡ ـܢ ܳܡ ܳܫ ـ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ܽܬܘ ݁ ܶܒܝــܠ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶـܗ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ـ ̇ܗ ܚ ـ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ـ ܶܪܗ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܽܥ ـܘ� �‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܩܛܝܠܝܢ ܒܣܝܦܐ‪ :‬ܥܠ ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܬ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ݂ܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܚܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܚـ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ� ܢܶܫ ݁ܟ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܰܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦܠ ܺܝـܢ ܶܡـܢ ܽܥـܘ� ܶ�‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܝـܘܠ ݁ܒ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܰـ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣܡـ ̱ܘ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝـ ݂ܬ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܓܢ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܓ� ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܥܘ� � ݂ܬܫ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰܡ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶ ̇‬ ‫݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܘ ܰܡ ̈� ݁ ܶܟ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݂ܬܚ ܶܫ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒـ ܽܪܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰـܡ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܡ ܽܥܘ� � ܢܶ ݂ܕܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܘܥܰܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

  

  

 

I shall make many nations appalled 1 at you; their kings will fear, when I brandish 2 my sword in their faces: they will fear, be terrified, each man for himself, on the day of your fall.

Thus says the Lord of lords: The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you. By the swords of warriors I shall cast down your horde, and (that of) all the mighty ones of the nations; they will despoil the strength of Egypt, all its wealth will be plundered. 3

I shall destroy its livestock from many waters: neither the feet of men nor the hooves 4 of beasts will disturb them again. Then I shall restore their waters, make their rivers flow like oil, says the Lord of lords.

When I have made the land of Egypt desolate, so that the land in its fullness will be laid waste; when I have struck all its inhabitants — they will know that I am the Lord. It is a lamentation, and the daughters of the nations will lament it; they will lament Egypt and all its wealth, says the Lord of lords.

In the eleventh year, on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, raise a lament for the army 5 of Egypt, make its people descend to the house of the mighty nations, 6 to the underworld, with those who descend into the pit. Come down from the fragrant waters, 7 sleep with the uncircumcised.

They will fall with those slain by the sword: they will drag it and all its army away.

‘appalled’: lit. ‘stupefied/struck dumb’. ‘brandish’ or ‘flash’. 3 ‘despoil … will be plundered’: same Syriac root. 4 ‘feet … hooves’: singular nouns. 5 ‘army’ or ‘strength’. 6 ‘the house of the … nations’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘the fragrant waters’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡ� ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܕܚܠܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܕܚܠܽܘܢ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܪܗ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܚܪ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܬܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒ ܶ� ܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܒ ܽܙܘܢ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ̇ܗ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܒܙܙ ܟܠܗ ܥܘ ݂ܬܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ̇ܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ݂ܓ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ � ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ�‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܦܪܣ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܶܩܢ ܰܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܗ�ܘ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܐܪܕ ܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܡ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـ�ܳ ̇ܗ‪ܳ .‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܡܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕܬ ̇ܗ �ܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡܨܪܝܢ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ�‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܚـܪ ݂ܒ ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ ܶ�ܝ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܐ� ̈ܝܢ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܘ ݂ܬܪ ̇ܗ ܢܐ��ܢ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚــܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܣــܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠܰــܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡــܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܢــ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܶܣــ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ــܐ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ�ـ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ܶܚ ݁ܬܝـ ̱ܗܝ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐܠܝ ܐܘܠܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ ܥܫ�ܢܐ‪� :‬ܪܥܐ ݂ܬܚܬܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܢܚܬܝ ݁ܓܘܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܺܣ ̈ܝ ܶܡܐ ܽܚܘ ݂ܬ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰܡ ܽܥܘ� �‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܡ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܢܥ ܽ ݂ܓܘܢܶܗ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ܒܪ ܶܩ ݂ܬ ܰܣܝ ݁ܦ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦܘܠ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 

 

  

 

In the eleventh 1 year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, raise a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt. Say to him: You likened yourself 2 to the lion of the nations, you (were) like the dragon of the seas. You hollowed out (the land) with your rivers, you churned the waters with your feet, you trod their rivers under foot.

Thus says the Lord of lords: See! I spread my net over you, among an assembly of many nations, and they will bring you up in my net,

I shall cast you out upon the earth, thrust you down upon the open field; I shall make all the birds of heaven roost on you, I shall make all the beasts of the field gorge themselves on 3 you. I shall cast out your flesh upon the mountains, the valleys will be filled with your worms. 4

I shall water the land of your watchmen 5 with your blood, the mountains and valleys will be filled by you. I shall cover the heavens when I put out your light, 6 darken their stars, the sun will be covered by clouds, the moon will not give its light.

I shall dim all the lights which light up the heavens above you; I shall bring darkness upon your land, says the Lord of lords. I shall vex the hearts of many nations when I destroy you 7 among the nations and the countries which you do not know.

‘eleventh’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. ‘likened yourself’ or ‘were likened’. 3 ‘gorge themselves on’: lit. ‘satisfy themselves from’. 4 ‘your worms’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 5 ‘of your watchmen’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘when I put out your light’: lit. ‘with your quenching/extinction’. 7 ‘destroy you’: lit. ‘I bring your destruction’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܠܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܪܚܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܣܪ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܰܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥـܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܶܠـܗ‪ܳ � :‬ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܶܠܝ ܐܘܠܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝ ݁ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܬ ܺ� ܳܝܢܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܰܩܪܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢܗ� ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕܠܚ ݁ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܳܕܫ ݁ܬ ܰܢܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܨܝـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܟ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ ܳܦ ܶܪܣ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܠܰܝ ݁ܟ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫܝـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܨܝ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܫ ݁ ܶܕܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܰܚܩ� ܐܣܚ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ ܶܟܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܦ ܰܪܚـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܐ ݂ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܛܘ� ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܘܢ ܰܢ ̈ܚ� ܶܡܢ ܶܪܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܩܐ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܘ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܛܘ� ܐ ܰܘܢ ̈ܚ� ܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܘܢ ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܥܡـܛ ݁ ܰܟـ ̈ܘ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܟ ܶܣܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܟ ݂ܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܥ�ܢ̈ـܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܶܣـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܫܡܫـܐ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܢܗܪ ܽܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ ܳ� ܰܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܢ ܺܗܝ ܶ� ܐ ܕ ܰܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܗܪܝـܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡـܛ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܚ ܽܫܘ ݂ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥ ݂ܟ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܡ ـ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ـܐܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ـܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝ ݁ܬܝ ـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ـ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 





 

Foreigners, the mighty ones of the nations, will destroy it, cast it out upon the mountains; in every valley, its branches will fall, its boughs will be broken in every valley 1 of the land; all the nations of the earth will come down from its shadow, and they will leave it.

When it has fallen, all the birds of heaven will perch upon it, and all the beasts of the field will (stand) beneath its boughs.

(So) that none of the trees (that grow) by the water will be exalted by their stature, nor will their growth flourish among the thick foliage; they will not stand, they will not be like those which are wellwatered, 2 for all of them have been delivered up to death, in the underworld, among (mortal) men who go down into the pit. Thus says the Lord of lords: On the day when he went down to Sheol I made mourning, spread the deep over him, dammed up 3 his rivers, many waters were held back. I made Lebanon mourn for him, all the trees of the field drooped.

The earth shook at the sound of his fall; when I made him descend to Sheol with those who go down into the pit. All the trees of Eden, and choicest, beautiful, well-watered (trees) of Lebanon, were comforted in the underworld. They also descended to Sheol with him to those who were slain by the sword; his seed lived in its shadow among the nations. Which of the trees of Eden was your equal 4 in glory, in greatness? Yet you descended, with the trees of Eden, to the underworld. You will lie down among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword: this is Pharaoh and all his host, says the Lord of lords.

‘valley’: the nouns are plural. ‘are well-watered’: lit. ‘drink water’. So too 31:16. 3 ‘dammed up’: lit. ‘withheld’. Later in the verse the same root is rendered ‘held back’. 4 ‘your equal’: lit. ‘were you likened’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡـܘܢܶܗ ݁ܒ ܽܛـܘ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢܶܗ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶـܐ ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܶـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܢ ̈ܚـ�‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ݁ ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫̈ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ܶ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܚ ݁ܬܘܢ ܶܡܢ‬ ‫ܢܶ ܶ ݁ܦܠܢ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܬܬܒ�ܢ ܣ�ܥ ݂ܦܝ ݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܠ ܳܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩܘܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝـ ݂ܬ ܰܣ�ܥܺ ݂ܦ ܳܝـ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ‪݁ :‬ܬܫ ݁ ܳ ܰܟܢ ܥܠܘ ̱ܗܝ ܟ�ܗ ܦܪܚ ݂‬ ‫݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܩ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܫ ̈ܘ ܳܚܢ ܰܡ ̈ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܝ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܛـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܽܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡـܘܢ ܘ� ܢـ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ݂ܬܝـܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬܝـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܠ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬܐ ܐܫ ݁ܬ ܶܠܡـ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܒ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܢܚ ݁ܬܝܢ ܠ ܽ ݂ܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚـ ݂ܬ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܝـܘܠ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܒـ�‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܰܢـܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܶܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟܠ ܺܝــܘ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܟܡـ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܬ ܽܗ ܳ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܰܝ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ܒܢܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬܙܺܝܥܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܶܚـ ݁ܬ ݁ܬܶܗ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܝـܘܠ ܥܰـܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚـ ݁ܬܝ‬ ‫ܡܢ ܩ� ݂ܕܡܦܘܠ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ܰܕܥـ ܶܕܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓ ܰܒ ܳ ̈ܝـܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـ� ܐܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝܐܘ ݁ ܰܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢܢ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ݂ܬܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܫܝـܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܶܡـܗ ܰܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ܩܛ ̈ܝܠܰـܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܙܪܥܶـܗ ܝܺـ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒܛܠܠܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ� ܳܝܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܺܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܶܕܢ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܚـ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܥܰـܡ ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܥܘ� � ݂ܬܫ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܥܰܡ ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܩܛܝܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܕܥ ݂ܕܢ �‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܰܢܘ ݁ ܶܦܪܥܘܢ ܘ ݂ܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XVII

   4 



 

 



Chapter  In the eleventh year, on the third month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his multitude ‘Who were you like in your greatness?’

See! the Assyrian, a cedar of Lebanon — its branches beautiful, its shade thick, its stature great, it grew among thick foliage. 1

The water nourished 2 it, the deep gave it height, it was planted by rivers (all) around; it sent out its branches 3 to all the trees of the field. Because of this, its height was greater than that of any of the trees of the field; it grew many boughs, its branches grew long, because of the abundance of the water which nourished it.

All the birds of the heavens nested in its branches; beneath its high branches all the beasts of the field gave birth; many nations lived in its shade.

It was beautiful in its stature, in the abundance of its branches, for its roots were among plentiful waters.

The cedars did not overshadow 4 it in God’s garden; the junipers were not the equal of its branches, the plane trees were not the equal of its high branches, none of the trees in God’s garden was its equal in beauty.

I have made it beautiful, in the abundance of its branches; all the trees of Eden, God’s garden, were jealous of it.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Because it was exalted by its stature, its growth flourished among the thick foliage, its heart was exalted by its height, I shall deliver it up into the hands of the mighty one of the nations; he will do to it according to its sin, he will destroy it. ‘it grew among thick foliage’: lit. ‘its growth was among thick things’. ‘nourished it’: lit. ‘made it grow’. 3 ‘its branches’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 4 ‘overshadow’: lit. ‘pass by/through’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܙ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫�‪.‬‬

‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ܕܥܣ� ܐ ݂ܒܝܪܚܐ ݂ܬܠܝ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܠ ݂ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥܘܫܢܶܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܳܐ ܽܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ�ــܐ ܰܐ ܳܪܙ ܐ ܕ ܶܠܒ ܳܢــܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝــ ܳ�ܢ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟــܘܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ݁ ܺܒܝــܛ ܶܛܠ ܳܠܶــܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳܡــܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ݁ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܩܘܡ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܥܒܝܛܐ ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܡܘܥܝ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܺܒܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܗ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܰܢܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܶܚ ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܢܶܨ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ܥܠ ܟ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܛ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܣ ܰ ݂̈ܓـܝ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܩܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܣ�ܥܺ ݂ܦ ܳܝ ݂ܬܗ ܺܘ ܶܝ� ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܺܒܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܦܘ ̱ܗܝ ܝ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܳ ܰܟܘ ̱ܗܝ ܐܩܢ ݂ܬ ܟ�ܗ ܦܪܚ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܛܠܠܗ ܝܺ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝــܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒـܘ ݂ܬܶܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܣـܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܥ ܶ ܳܩـ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ� ܙܶ ܐ ܳ� ܥܰ ݂ܒ ܽܪܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ� ܶܩܐ � ݂ܕ ܰܡܘ ܠ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܽܕ ̈ܘ� ݁ ܶܒـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣ ـܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ܰ� ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܦ ـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ܐ ܺܝܠ ܳـܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ـ ܳܗܐ � ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡ ـܐ ܶܠ ـܗ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܽ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕܥـ ݂ ܶܕܢ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܗ ݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܰܟܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܛܢـ ̱ܘ ܒـܗ ܟ‬ ‫ܝܣܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫـ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬܪ ܶܝـܡ ݁ܒ ܰܩـܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡܘܥܺܝ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝܛܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܡܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܺܩܝ ݂ ܳܦܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܠܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܚܛܝ ݂ܬܗ ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 







I shall strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, I shall put my sword into his hands. He will cut off Pharaoh’s arms, and he will groan before him, (like) the groans of the slain.

I shall strengthen 1 the arms of the king of Babylon, but Pharaoh’s arms will fall. They will know that I am the Lord, when I have given my sword into the hands of the king of Babylon and he has unsheathed it over the land of Egypt. I shall scatter Egypt among the nations, I shall disperse them in the countries — they will know that I am the Lord.

1

‘strengthen’: a different Syriac root from that in 30:24.



‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰܐܚ ܶܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܰܣܝ ݁ܦـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܣـܘܩ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܰ�ܚ ݁ܬ ̈� ܳܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܩܛ ̈�� ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥܰ ܶܫܢ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܝܗܒ ݂ܬ ܣܝܦ ̱ܝ ܒܐܝ ݂ܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܠ‪ :‬ܘܫܡܛܗ ܥـܠ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܺ ̇ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܶܽ ݁ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܒܕܪܝܗ ܠܡܨܪܝܢ ܒܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕܪ ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





    

  





I shall dry up the rivers, 1 deliver up the land into the hands of the evil ones, destroy the land with its fullness by the hands of foreigners — I, the Lord, have spoken.

Thus says the Lord of lords: I destroy the idols; I bring to naught the false gods of Memphis; never again will there be a great (man) in the land of Egypt. I shall bring to naught the land of Pathros; I shall set fire to Zoan; I shall deliver judgment in No.

I shall pour out my fury upon Sin, the strong one of Egypt; I shall destroy the wealth of No. I shall set fire to Egypt; Sin will be troubled, No will be ruined, catastrophe will overtake Memphis. 2

The young men of Mapibest will be (weak) as water; they will fall by the sword, they will go into captivity. The day will grow dark 3 in Tahpanhes, when I have broken there the scepter of Egypt: the glory of its strength has ceased from it, cloud will cover it, its daughters will go into captivity. I shall pass judgment in Egypt — they will know that I am the Lord.

In the eleventh year, on the seventh day of the first month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and it is not bound up so that it will heal, 4 no soothing ointment has been put on it: it will not be bound up, it will not be healed, 5 to wield the sword.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am against Pharaoh king of Egypt. I shall break his mighty arms, I shall make the sword fall 6 from his hands. I shall scatter Egypt among the nations, I shall disperse them in the countries. ‘dry up the rivers’: lit. ‘make the rivers a desolation’. 2 ‘catastrophe will overtake Memphis’: lit. ‘Memphis will be for catastrophe’. 3 ‘grow dark’: lit. ‘end’. 4 ‘so that it will heal’: lit. ‘so that there will be healing for it’. 5 ‘it will heal … it will not be healed’: two different Syriac roots are rendered. 6 ‘make the sword fall’: lit. ‘cast the sword’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܝـܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܒ ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܢܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܚܪ ݂ ܺܒ ̇‬ ‫�ܡ ̇‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡ�ܳ ̇ܗ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܓ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܰܒܛـܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݂ ܰܦܣ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܕ ܰܦܬ ܽܪܘܣ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܩ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܕ ܘܐܒܛܠ ̇‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܨ ܳܥܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܒ ܽܢܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗ � ܳ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܐܫܘ݂ܕ ܽܪܘܓܙ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܺܣܝܢ ܽܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܶܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܽܥܘ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܢܘ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܝܘ ܶܘܐܫ ݁ ܽܒ ـܘܩ ܽܢ ـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ܰܠ ـܚ ܺܣܝــܢ‪ܽ :‬ܘܢ ـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ܰܪܥ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡ ݂ ܰܦ ـܣ ݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܽܕ ̈ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ ܺܦܝ ݂ ܰܒܣ ݁ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܶܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ ܺܢ ܽܐܙ ̱ܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ ܺܦܝܣ ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܪ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛܪ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܛܠ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܝܚ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ܕܥܘܫܢ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܣ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܥ�ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܢ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܢܐ ܙ ̱ܠܢ ݁ܒ ܶܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܛ ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠܰـܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ܕܥܣ� ܐ‪ :‬ܒܫ ݂ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܪܥ ܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܒـ ܶܪ ݂ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬܥـܨܶ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܣܝܡ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܳܡܠ ܰܓ ܳܡܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬܥܨܶ ݂ܒ ܳܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬܚܠ ܶܡ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܚܘ݂ܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܐ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܺܪ ̇ܝܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

   

 

  

 

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, prophesy and say ‘Thus says the Lord of lords “Howl! Say ‘Woe for the day!’” For the day is near, the day of the Lord is near, the day of cloud, the time of the nations. A sword will come upon Egypt, there will be terror in Cush, when the slain have fallen in Egypt. They will take its wealth, uproot its foundations.

The Cushites, the Putians, the Lybians, all the Arabians, Cub, and the children of the land of the covenant with them will fall by the sword.

Thus says the Lord of lords: The supports 1 of Egypt will fall, the army of its power will be broken; from the tower of Suna, by the sword they will fall, says the Lord of lords. They will be desolate, among the desolate lands; their cities will lie 2 among desolate cities.

They will know that I am the Lord, for I have set fire to Egypt, all her helpers have been broken.

On that day, messengers will go out in haste 3 from my presence to destroy Cush which lives in peace: they will be terrified, 4 on the day of Egypt — See! it has come.

Thus says the Lord of lords: I am delivering up the wealth of Egypt into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. To him, to the mighty ones who are with him, who come to destroy the land: they will draw their swords against Egypt, they will fill the land with the slain.

‘supports’ or ‘supporters’. ‘lie’: lit. ‘be’. 3 ‘in haste’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘they will be terrified’: a different Syriac root is used than that in 30:4. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܠ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝܠ ܶܠ ̱ܘ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽ ̇‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ܒ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ܒ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܝܰܘ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ܰܘܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܺܬܐ ݂ܬܶܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܫ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܰܦܠـ ̱ܘ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ̈ܣ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ ܶܡܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܣ ݂ܒܘܢ ܥܘ ݂ܬܪ ̇ܗ ܘܢܥܩܪܘܢ ܫ ݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ̈ܘ ܳܫ ܶܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ܳܛ ܶܝܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘ� ̈ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܶܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰ� ܰܪ ݂ ܺܒ ܰܝܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܘ ݂ܒ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰܚ ܳܝ� ݂ܕ ܽܥـ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܽܘܢ ܳܣ ̈ܡ ݁ ܶܟ ̇‬ ‫ܘܫܢ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰܡܓ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܚ� ݂ ܳܒܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܐ�ܥ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ� ݁ ܳܒܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܰܚ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܢܶܗܘܝܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܶܫܒ ܶܩܬ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܡܥܰ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒـܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ܶܟـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣܪܗ ݂ ܳܒܐܝـ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܠܡ ܰܚ ݁ ܳܒܠـܘ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚܝـܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰܡܛܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܫܠܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܽܥܘ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܛܘܢ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܘ�ܥܫ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܥܡܗ ܕܐ ݂ܬܝܢ ܠܡܚܒܠܘ �ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܫ‬ ‫ܘܢ ̇ܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܡܠܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. They will carry off its wealth, take captive its captivity, despoil it, and it will be his army’s wage. Because of his labor in Tyre, I have given him the land of Egypt, says the Lord of lords.

On that day I shall honor 1 the horn of those of the house of Israel, and I shall enable you to speak 2 among them, and they will know that I am the Lord of lords.

1 ‘honor’: lit. ‘raise to honor’. The idiom is equivalent to the Hebrew ‘cause to sprout’. 2 ‘enable you to speak’: lit. ‘open your mouth’.



‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܝܳـ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܶܩ ܳܢ� ܳܢـ ̇ܗ ܘܢܶܫ ݁ ܶܒـܐ ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽܒـܘܙ ݁ ܶܒـܙ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚܝܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܗܘܐ ܐ ݂ܓܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܚܠ ܳ ݂ܦ ݁ ܳܦܥܠܽܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܽܨܘܪ‪ :‬ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܶܠܗ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ـܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ـܬܚ ݁ ܽܦ ـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‪ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦـ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܐ݂ܕ ܰܢ ـܚ ܰܩ ܳܪܢ ـܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

 





 

Therefore I am against you and against your river; I shall make the land of Egypt desolated, devastated, from the tower of Suna as far as the border of Cush.

No man will set foot in it, 1 not even an animal will put its hoof there; 2 it will not be inhabited for forty years. I shall make the land of Egypt desolate, among the deserted countries. Its cities will be desolate for forty years, among the uninhabited cities. I shall spread Egypt abroad among the nations, I shall scatter it among the countries. 3 Thus says the Lord of lords: After forty years I shall gather the Egyptians from the nations among which I had scattered them.

I shall bring back the captivity of Egypt, I shall settle them in the land of Pathros, in the land from which they were sold, 4 and there they will be an abject kingdom.

It will be the most humble of all kingdoms, no more will it be exalted among the nations; I shall bring them low so that they will not subjugate the nations.

No more will those of the house of Israel pin hope on them, 5 and be reminded of iniquity, for they followed them — they will know that I am the Lord of lords. In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has made all his army impose hard labor 6 on Tyre — bald patches on every head, every shoulder rubbed bare. Yet neither he nor his army gained anything 7 from Tyre for the servitude he imposed on it. ‘No man will set foot in it’: lit. ‘The foot of man will not pass over/through it’. ‘not even an animal will put its hoof there’: lit. ‘not even the hoof of a beast’. 3 ‘countries … cities … cities. … countries’: the Syriac is the same for each of these nouns. 4 ‘from which they were sold’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘those of the house of Israel pin hope on them’: lit. ‘will they be to those of the house of Israel for hope’. 6 ‘impose hard labor’: lit. ‘subjugated a great subjugation’. 7 ‘neither he nor his army gained anything’: lit. ‘wage was not given to him and to his army’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ܘܥܰܠ ܰܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܺܠ ̇‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�‬ ‫ܘܢܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ܽܚܘܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܰܡܓ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܽܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ� ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܶܪ ܓ ܳ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ ܰܦܪܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝܢ ܫܢܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܳ ̇ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܺܠ ̇‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ̈ܕ ܝܳـܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳـܢ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢـ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ� ݁ ܳܒܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܺܪ ̇ܝܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܶ� ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝܢ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝـܢ ܫ ܺ� ̈ܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶـܫ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܨ ܳ��ܶـܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦـ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܣ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܒ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܙ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܰܒܢـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ܫ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬ ܰܩܠ ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܙܥܰܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܰܢܫܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܣ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘ� ܽܥܘܗ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܘ�‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܒܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܫ ܺܢ̈ܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠܰـܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡـܗ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ܰ :‬ܫܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ ܰܚܝܠـܗ ܽܫـܘܥ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܽ ̈ܳ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܨ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܓـ ܳܪ ܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܦ ܚܠ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܽܨܘܪ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܪܝܫ ܩܘ݂ܕܚ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܟ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚܝܠܗ ܶܡܢ ܽܨܘܪ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܽܫܘܥ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

XVI

Concerning Egypt

  







  

In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day, the word of the Lord came to me saying: O mortal man, turn your face towards Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

Speak and say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I am against you, Pharaoh, king of Egypt, great dragon, lying in the midst of the rivers, saying “The river is mine, I made it”’.

I shall put a muzzle on your jaws, and I shall make the fish of your river stick 1 to your fins; I shall bring you up out of the depths 2 of your river, and all the fish of your river will stick to your fins. I shall cast you into the wilderness, you and all the fish of your river; you will fall on the open 3 field; you will not be gathered up, you will not be gathered in — I have given you to the beast(s) of the field, 4 to the birds of the air, as food.

And all the inhabitants of Egypt will know that I am the Lord — for you were no better than 5 a staff of reeds for those of the house of Israel. When they took you in their hands, you pierced their hands; when they leant upon you, you snapped, 6 you made them 7 tremble.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I shall bring the sword upon you, I shall destroy both man and beast from you. The land of Egypt will be desolate, devastated, and they will know that I am the Lord — because you said ‘The river is mine, I made it’. ‘stick’: lit. ‘cleave’. ‘depths’: lit. ‘midst’. 3 ‘open’: lit. ‘face of the’. 4 ‘field’: two different Syriac words. 5 ‘no better than’: lit. ‘like’. 6 ‘snapped’: lit. ‘were broken’. 7 ‘them’: lit. ‘their loins’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫ܟܛ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܥܰܠ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܪ ݁ ܰܬܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܒܫܢ̱ܬܐ ܥܣܝܪܝ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܡܠ ܶܠ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ݁ܕ ܺܕܝܠـܝ ܽܗܘ ܰܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ ܶܘ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܡܨܪ ܶܝܢ‪ :‬ܬ ܺ� ܳܝܢܐ ܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܪ ݁ ܺܒܝـܥ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܰܢـܗ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܰ ݂ ̱ ̱‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܐ ܒ ܳ� ܳܡܐ ܒ ܰܦ ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܕ ݁ ܶܒܩ ݁ܒ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶܐ ܕ ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣܩ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܶ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶܐ ܕ ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܢܶ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܽܩܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽ� ̈ܘܢܶܐ ܕ ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܪ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܰܚܩـ� ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܪܡ ܶܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܶܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ܟܢܶܫ ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܠ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܽܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕ ݂ܒـܪ ܐ ܘܠ ݂ܦܪܚـ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܽܚـ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐܚ ݁ ܽܕܘ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙܥ ݁ܬ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܐܣ ݁ܬ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݁ܬ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪܥ ܶܠ ݁ܬ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ� ܰܘܠ ܽܚܘܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܬ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܺܕܝܠܝ ܽܗܘ ܰܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ̱ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Concerning Sidon

  









The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, turn your face to Sidon, and prophesy against it.

Say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I am against you, Sidon. I shall be glorified in your midst’ 1 — they will know that I am the Lord, when I have executed my judgments in it, been sanctified in it,

Have sent a plague upon it, blood in its streets. The slain 2 will fall in its midst, by the sword which will surround it — they will know that I am the Lord. No more will there be, for those of the house of Israel, bitter sorrows, excruciating pain from all who surround them, who despise them — they will know that I am the Lord of lords.

Thus says the Lord of lords: When I have gathered those of the house of Israel from the nations among whom they have been scattered, and sanctified myself among them in the sight of the nations, then they will live in the land which I gave to my servant Jacob. They will live in it in safety; they will build houses, plant vineyards, they will live securely, when I have executed (my) judgments against all the nations which surround them, molest them — they will know that I am the Lord their God.

‘in your midst’: lit. ‘in you’. 2 ‘slain’: a different Syriac root is used than that in e.g. 28:8. 1



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܥܰܠ ܰܨܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܟ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܐ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܥܰܠ ܰܨܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܨܝـ ݁ ܳܕܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒـܚ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩ ̇‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܦܠܽܘܢ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܬܶܚ ݁ܕ ܺܪ ̇ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܓ ݁ ̈ܕ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܡ ܺܪܝ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡ�ـ ܶܘܠ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܨ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܪܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܺܪܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܶܡـܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܢܫـ ݂ܬ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ �ܥܺܝـܢ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ �ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܥܩܘ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ̈ܒ ݁ܬܐ ܘܢܶܨ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ� ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܕܚ ܳܕ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܪܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





  







O mortal man, raise a lamentation for the king of Tyre. Say to him: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘You set the seal on 1 the fullness of wisdom, the crown of glory. 2

You were in Eden, the garden 3 of God, equipped by all the precious stones: sardian, chalcedony, 4 emerald, beryl, sapphire, and jasper; with rock crystal, with pearls, with gold you filled your treasuries; with precious stones (you filled) your storehouses, from the day when you were created.

You were with the cherub, anointed, giving shade; I set you on the holy mountain of God; you were in the midst of the fiery stones. You walked (there), without blemish, in your ways, from the day you were created until your iniquity came to light. 5

With the abundance of your trade, you filled your midst with iniquity; you sinned, I slew you (bringing you down) from the mountain of God; I shall destroy you, O covering cherub, in the midst of the fiery stones. Because your heart was exalted by your beauty, your wisdom was destroyed by your beauty; I have thrown you to the ground, before kings; I shall give you to them, as a spectacle. 6

By your persistent depravity, 7 by the dishonesty 8 of your trade, you have defiled your holy place. I shall kindle fire in your midst, it will consume you, I shall turn you into ash upon the earth, in the sight of all who see you.

All who know you, among the nations, will be struck dumb: you were destroyed, you will be no more, ever’.

‘set the seal on’: lit. ‘are the seal of the likeness of’. ‘the crown of glory’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘garden’ or ‘paradise’. So elsewhere. 4 ‘chalcedony’ or ‘cornelian’. The identity of some of these stones is uncertain in both the Syriac and Hebrew. 5 ‘your iniquity came to light’: lit. ‘iniquity was found in you’. 6 ‘spectacle’: lit. ‘vision’. 7 ‘your persistent depravity’: lit. ‘the abundance of your depravity’. 8 ‘dishonesty’: lit. ‘iniquity’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܨܘܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܶܠـܗ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫ ܳܐ‪ :‬ܐܠܝ ܰܐܘܠܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܛ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ� ܶܚ ݂ܟܡ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠܝ� ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܶܕܢ ݁ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܦـܐ ܛ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܙܩـ ݁ܬ‪ܳ :‬ܣـܪ݂ ܳܕܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܩܪ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܕ ܳܢــܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܙܡܪ ݁ܓ ݂ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪܘܤܛܠــܘܣ‪:‬‬ ‫ــܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒــ ܽܪܘ�‪ :‬ܘ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܦܝــ�‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܝܰܣ ݁ ܳܦــܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܓ ܳܢܝ ݂ܬܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܡܠ ܰܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܰܙ ܝ ̈ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܦـܐ ܛ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܚ ̈ܡܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܟ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܶܫܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ܥܰܡ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܠـ ܳܗܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܫܝܚ‬ ‫ܘܡܛܠ‪ :‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ ݂‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢܬ ݁ ܺܟܐ ̈ܶܦܐ ܕ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܳ ܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝ ݁ܬ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܟـܚ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܗܠ ݂ܟܬ ܕ� ܡܘܡ ܒܐܘ�ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܘ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܟ ܶܡـܢ ܛܽـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܗ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܐ ܽ ݂ܓܘܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܡܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ݂ܟ ܥܰܘ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶܚܛܝ ݁ܬ ܰܘܩܛܠ ݁ ݂‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ܳܕܟ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ܳܒܐ ܕ ܰܡ ܰܛܠ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ݁ ܺܟܐ ̈ܦܐ ܕ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܥܰܡ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݁ܒܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܟܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܳܙܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫ ݂ ܺܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܟ ܰܘܒܥܰ ܳܘ� ܕܬܶܐ ܽܓܘܪ ݁ ܳܬܟ ܰܛܢܶܦ ݁ܬ ܰܡܩ ݁ܕ ܳܫܟ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݂݂ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳ ܶܓܐܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݁ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܛܡܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠ ܳ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪� :‬ܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܚ ܶܙܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܡـܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ � ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning the king of Tyre

 

    

   

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, say to the prince of Tyre: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Because your heart is high and you have said “I am a god, I sit in the seat of a god on the deep sea” — but you are a man, you were not a god, although you esteem your heart as if it were 1 the heart of a god.

Are you wiser than Daniel? Or have you seen the hidden things, in your wisdom? With your wisdom 2 you made yourself strong, piled up silver and gold in your treasuries, With your great wisdom, and your trade, you have increased your wealth, your heart was high because of your wealth’. Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Because you thought your heart was the equal of 3 the heart of God,

See! I bring upon you mighty strangers, from the nations; they will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom, they will defile your splendor. They will bring you down, to desolation; you will die the death of those who are slain on the deep sea. Why do you say, before those who slay you ‘I am God’? — for you are mortal, in the hands of those who slay you, you are not God.

You will die at the hands of uncircumcised strangers 4 — for I have spoken, says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

‘as if it were’: lit. ‘like/as’. ‘wisdom’: lit. ‘understanding’, which is inappropriate in English in this context. The usual word for ‘wisdom is ‫ܚܟܡܐ‬, as in 28:5. 3 ‘the equal of’: lit. ‘like’. So passim. 4 ‘You will die at the hands of uncircumcised strangers’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܟܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܽܨܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ � ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܽܨܘܪ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝـܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ‬ ‫ܚܫ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ݁ܺ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܰܚ ݁ ܺܟܝܡ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܺ� ܶܝܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܟܣܝ ݂ܬܐ ܚܙܝܬ ܒܚܟ‬ ‫ܚܡܠ ݁ܬ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܣܘ ݁ ܳܟܠ ܳ ݂ܟ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܰܚ ܳܝ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܰܙ ܝ ̈ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܣ ـܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚ ݂ܟܡ ـ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܘ݁ܕ ݂ܬܐ ܽ ݂ܓ ـܘܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ ـ ݁ܬ ܽܥ ـܘ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝــܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܥܘ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܫ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܛܘܢ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܥܠܝܟ ܢܘ ݂ܟ��ܐ ܥܫ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܥ ̱ܡܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܫ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܚ ݂ܟܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܛܢ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܚ ݂ܬ ܳܘܢ ݂ܟ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܩܛ ̈�� ݂ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܩ ܽܛ ̈ܘ ܰܠܝ ݁ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ܽ̈ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܩܛܘܠܝܟ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܥܘ� � ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

  

They will make themselves bald 1 for your sake, put on sackcloth, weep bitterly for you, with lamentation.

Their children 2 will raise a lamentation over you, they will say: Who was the equal of 3 Tyre, who dwelt 4 in the midst of the sea?

When your wares 5 were unloaded 6 from the sea, you met the needs of many nations; with the abundance of your wealth and your merchandise, you enriched the kings of the earth.

When you were broken, fell into the depths of the sea, your merchandise, your whole assembly, fell in your midst.

All the island dwellers were aghast at you, their kings were terrified, they wept bitterly. 7 The traders of the nations deride 8 you, you have come to a fearful end, 9 you were not immortal.

‘make themselves bald’: lit. ‘clip/cut their heads’. ‘Their children’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘the equal of’: lit. ‘like’. 4 ‘who dwelt’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘wares’: lit. ‘possession’. 6 ‘were unloaded’: lit. ‘went out’. 7 ‘they wept bitterly’: lit. ‘their faces wept’. 8 ‘deride’: lit. ‘hiss at’. 9 ‘have come to a fearful end’: lit. ‘were for destruction’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫� ܘܢܶ ݁ܓ ܽܙܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܒ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܡ ܺܪ ܳܝܪܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܡ�ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ݁ ܰ̈ܽ ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܺܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܡܢ ܺ ̱ܗܝ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܽܨܘܪ‬ ‫ܐܠܘܢ ܥܠܝܟ ̱ܝ ܒ�ܝܗܘܢ ܐܘ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܓ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܶܩ ܳܢ�ܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܣ ݁ ܰܒܥـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܽܣـܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ݁ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܡ� ݁ ̈ܶܟܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܥܘ ݂ܬܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܕ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܓܘܪܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܥ‬ ‫ܠܕ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽ� ̈ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܶܐ ܽ ݂ܓܘܪ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ ܰܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥܡ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡ� ݁ ܰܟ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܰܘܪ ̱ܘ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܰܡܥ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܘ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪݂ �ܰ :‬ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

  

  

Merchants from Sheba and Raamah: the best incense, 1 precious 2 stones, and gold, they brought to you for trade.

Haran, Canneh, and Eden, (were) the merchants of Sheba; Assyria (was) a source of your merchandise. 3

These were your merchants, bringing to you purple garments, embroidered cloth, fine treasures, 4 bound with cords, in ships of juniper. 5

The sons of Tarshish, from your western regions, 6 brought cargoes to you; you were well supplied, 7 you were very strong. Your oarsmen brought you to the deep sea, to many waters; the scorching wind broke you in the deep sea. 8

Your wealth, your reward, (that come) from your western regions, all your best 9 warriors, your mariners, those who kept your ships seaworthy, who are from your western regions, all your fighting men, all the crowd in your midst — they will fall, in the deep sea, on the day of your ruin. At the sound of the cry of your sailors, those around you will tremble.

All the oarsmen will leave 10 their ships, 11 the mariners, all the sailors of the sea, will stand upon the (dry) land. They will make lamentation over you, a great and bitter lamentation; they will throw dust on their heads, they will sprinkle themselves with ash(es). ‘incense’ or ‘sweet spices/ointments’. ‘best … precious’: same Syriac root as ‘valuable’ in 27:20. 3 ‘source of your merchandise’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘fine treasures’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘in ships of juniper’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘sons … from your western regions’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 7 ‘well supplied’: lit. ‘filled’. 8 ‘deep sea’1,2: lit. ‘the heart of the sea’. So too passim. 9 ‘best’: lit. ‘chosen’. 10 ‘leave’: lit. ‘come down from’. 11 ‘ships’: this renders a different Syriac word from that used in 27:24. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܡܢ̈ܐ ܛ� ܶܩܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܦܐ ܛ ݂ ̈ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܐܝ ݁ܬܝـܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܬ ݁ܓ� ܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܒܐ ܘ݂ܕܪܥܡܐ‪ :‬ܒ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܳܚ ܳܪܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܘ ܰ� ݁ ܳܕܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܰ�ܝ ܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܘܪ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܐ ܽ ݂ܓܘܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ̈ܝ ܳܡـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܳܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܳܓ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ܶ :‬ܕ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬܝܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܡܐ ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܝ ̈ ܳܩܢ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ݂ ̈ܒ� ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐܠ ݂ ܶܦܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܟܗ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ݁ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܫܝܫ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡܥ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܐܝ ݁ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܡ ̈ܘ ݁ܒ�‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܡܠܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܘܥ ܶܫܢ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܛ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܛ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ ܰܐܥܠܽܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܒـ ܰ�ܝ ܺܠ ܰܩ ̈� ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܽ :‬ܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܘ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥــܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘܐܓ ܶܪ ݂ܟــ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡܥ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ــܗܘܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝــܐ ܩ ܰ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ� ܰܚ ̈� ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܩــܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܩ ̈� ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡܥ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ــܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒــ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܓ ـ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܽـܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶـܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܡܦܘܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܺ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܣ ݁ ܳܦ ܰ� ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܚ ܠܩ� ݂ܕܝܠܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ� ̈ܶܚـܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܘܢܶܚ ݂ ܽܬܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܣ ݂ ܺܦ ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ܺܠ ̈ܶܩܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܣ ݁ ܳܦܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܽܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘ ܰܡ ܺܪܝـܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡـܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ܦـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܠ ܰܘܢܝܠܘܢ ܥܠܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܝܠܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ� ݁ܦܠܽܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܡܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



   XV



    

Tarshish was a source 1 of your merchandise and of the multitude of your riches; silver and iron, tin and lead, they brought to you for trade. 2

Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you, 3 (trading) in slaves, 4 in brass vessels. From the house of Togarmah they brought to you horses, horsemen, and mules for trade.

The sons of Daran traded with you: many islands were the source of the merchandise that passed through your hands; 5 they brought to you, as gifts, horns of oil, and frankincense. 6

Edom was a source of your merchandise, so varied were your activities: 7 purple garments, fine linen, embroidered cloth, purple (fabric), bracelets, and agate 8 they brought to you for trade. Judah and the land of Israel were your merchants: wheat, rice, millet, 9 honey, oil, and resin they brought to you for trade. Damascus was a source of your merchandise, so varied were your activities, so great your wealth: (they brought) rich wines, white wool.

Dan and Javan from Usal: iron that you could work, cassia, and canes, they brought to you for trade.

Daran was a source of your merchandise: they brought to you many valuable cattle. 10

They brought to you rams, lambs, and goats. 11

‘source’: lit. ‘house’. So too passim. ‘for trade’: lit. ‘to purchase’. So too passim. See also Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘traded with you’: lit. ‘were your merchants’. So too passim. 4 ‘slaves’: lit. ‘souls of men’. 5 ‘the source of the merchandise that passed through your hands’: lit. ‘the market of your hands’. 6 ‘horns of oil, and frankincense’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 7 ‘so varied … your activities’: lit. ‘many … works’. So too 27:18. 8 ‘bracelets, and agate’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 9 ‘rice, millet’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 10 ‘valuable cattle’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 11 ‘goats’ or ‘kids’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܽܥܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܺ :‬ܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܫܝܫ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܶܐ ܽܓܘܪ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܦܪܙ�‪ܳ :‬ܘܐܢ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܰܘܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܢܚ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܝ ܳܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݁ ܶܒܝܠ ܘܡܫ ݂ܟ ܬܓ�ܝܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܒܢ ݂ܦܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ��ܢܫܐ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܢ ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܬܘ ݂ܓܪܡܐ‪݂ � :‬ܟܫܐ ܘ ݂ܦ�ܫܐ ܘ ݂ܟܘ݂ܕܢܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒܢ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܪܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܐ ܽ ݂ܓـܘܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ̈ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܩ� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ݁ܬܐ ܐܝ ݁ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܶܐ ܽܓـܘܪ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣـܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐܪ ݁ܓ ܳܘ ܳܢـܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܒـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܺ ܳ ݂ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬܐ ܘܫܐ ��ܐ ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܘܬ ݂ܟܐ ܐܝܬܝܘ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ �ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ̈ :‬ܚ ܶܛـܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳܘܙ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܽܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܫܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܗܛܢܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ‬ ‫ܘܣـܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܣـܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܶܐ ܽܓـܘܪ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣـܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܽܥـܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ܰܫ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ ܘܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܐ ܶܚ ܳܘ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ݂ܕܢ ܘܝܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܐܘܙܠ ܐܝ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܦـܪܙ� ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܦ� ܺܚܝـܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܩ ܰܣ ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩ�ܝܐ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܛܪܩ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܳܕ ܳܪܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܐ ܽ ݂ܓܘܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݁ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܣܘ ݂ܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܥ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ܶܘܐܡ ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܕ�̈ܐ ܐܝ ݁ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 

3

   

 





The word of the Lord came to me saying:

Now you, O mortal man, make lamentation for Tyre.

Say to Tyre, placed 1 at the entry to the sea, (conducting the) trade of the nations, of many islands, thus says the Lord of lords: Tyre, you have said ‘I am the glorious crown’.

Your borders are on the high seas, 2 your builders have perfected your beauty.

They have brought you junipers, timbers from Senir; they have taken cedars from Lebanon to help you. 3

They have made your oars from the oak trees of Bashan, your benches from elephant tusks, from the islands of the Kittim. They brought from Egypt covers of fine linen for your carvings, to be a banner for you; they brought you violet and purple (fabrics) from the island of Alis to be your awning. The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were your oarsmen; your wise men, Tyre, were your sailors.

The veterans of Gebal, and its wise men, kept your ships seaworthy; 4 all the ships of the sea, and its sailors, came from your western regions. 5

The Persians, the Luddites, and the Putians, served as warriors in your armies; they hung shields and helmets around you, they were your glory. The sons of Arvad, and your armies, stood upon your walls, guarding 6 your towers; they hung their quivers upon your walls all around; they perfected your beauty. ‘placed’: lit. ‘which lives’. 2 ‘on the high seas’: lit. ‘in the heart of the seas’. So too passim. 3 ‘to help you’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘kept your ships seaworthy’: lit. ‘were the repairers of your repairs’. So too 27:27. 5 ‘your western regions’: so too 27:25. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘guarding’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܟܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݂ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܨܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܕܝܢ ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐܠܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡ ـܪ �ـ ܽـܨܘܪ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ݂ܒܡܥ�ܢ ـܐ ݂ܕܝܡ ـܐ‪ :‬ܬܐ ݂ܓ ـܘܪܬܐ ݂ܕܥ ̱ܡܡــܐ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܓ ـܙ� ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܨܘܪ‪ :‬ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܟܠܝـ�‬ ‫݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܫ ݂ܟܠܠ ̱ܘ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܳܣ ܺܢܝـܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ� ܙܶ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܶܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ‬ ‫ܥ�ܩܐ ܘ݂ܕܦܐ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܥ ݂ܕ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܰܒܠܽ ̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ـܘ ܶܛܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܺܠ ܰܩ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܰܦ ̈� ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܕ ܶܫ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܦܝـ�‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟ ݂ܬ�̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝـܘ ܶܡـܢ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ�ܡܐ ܕ ݂ܒܘܨ ܐ ܕܨ ݂ܒܬ ݂ܟܝ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ܳܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ݂ ܶ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ݁ܓܘܢܐ‪ :‬ܐܝܬܝܘ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܡܢ ݁ܓܙ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܐܠܣ ܠ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܣܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܝ ܺܠ ܰܩ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ܰܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܽܨܘܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܘ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܥ ܽܡܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܨܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܡ ܳ� ܰܚ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܩܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܩ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܣ ݂ ܺܦ ̈�ܢܶܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܓ ݂ ܶܒܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ̇‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ� ܰܚ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܥ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܳܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝ ـܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܬܢܶـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ̈ܝܠܝ ݁ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ݁ܟ ـ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܘ� ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦܘܛܝ ـܐ‪ :‬ܓ ݂ܒ ـ� ܐ ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܣܢܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܬ ܰܠܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܰܐ ܰܪܘܕ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘ ܥܰـܠ ܽܫـܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܛܪܝـܢ ܰܡ ݂ܓ ݁ ̈ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܚ ̈ܝܠܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܩ ܺ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܛ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܬܠܘ ܥܠ ܽܫܘ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕܪܝܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫܡܠܝܘ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 





Then the islands will tremble, on the day of your fall; the islands will fear, on the day of your fall. 1

Thus says the Lord of lords to Tyre: When I have made you a desolate city, an uninhabited city, 2 I shall bring the deep upon you, the great waters will cover you.

I shall bring you down with those who descend into the pit, with the people of old; I shall make you live in the underworld, in the desolate (places) of old with those who descend into the pit; you will be uninhabited; I shall give you no portion 3 in the land of the living. I shall destroy you: you will be sought but never found, says the Lord of lords.

‘on the day of your fall’2: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 2 ‘an uninhabited city’: lit. ‘like the cities which were not inhabited’. 3 ‘I shall give you no portion’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫݁ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚـܢ ݁ ܳܓـܙ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܽܢܙ ̈ܘ ܳܥܢ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰ ̈ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦـܘܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦܘܠ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܨܘܪ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ̈ܒـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܶܣـܩ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܬ ܽܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ� ܐ ݂ܬܝ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܽܣـܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܚ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰܡ ܳܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܡܐ ݂ܕܥܠܡ‪ :‬ܘܐܘܬ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܒ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬܝܰ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܶܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܒܚ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡܢ ܥܠܡ ܥܡ ܢܚ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܺܚܝܢ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܥܠ ܰܡ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫� ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܒܥܝܢ ܘ� ݂ܬܫ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 







  





Dust from the galloping 1 of his horses will cover you, at the sound of his horsemen, of his chariot wheels, your walls will shake; when he passes through 2 your gates, he will be as one who enters a broken city. With the hooves of his horses he will trample all your markets; he will slay your people with the sword; the high places of your strength he will throw down 3 to the ground. They will despoil your riches, take possession of your property, demolish your walls, throw down your choicest houses; your stones, your timbers, your wealth, 4 they will throw into the sea.

I shall put an end to all your 5 songs, the sound of your harp will be heard no more. I shall make you a bare rock, (where) the nets are spread out to dry, and you will not be rebuilt, for I have spoken, says the Lord of lords.

Thus says the Lord of lords to Tyre: The islands will tremble at the sound of your ruin, 6 the suffering of your slain, the slaughter of your slain in your midst, the islands will be shaken.

All the noblemen of the sea will descend from their thrones, take off their robes, strip off their embroidered 7 clothes; trembling, they will clothe themselves; shocked, they will sit on the ground; they will have no rest; they will be struck dumb by you. They will make lamentation for you, they will say to you: How you have fallen into decay, who inhabit the seas, the strong city whose strength was in the sea, it and its inhabitants, whose terror spread to all around! 8

‘galloping’: lit. ‘treading’. ‘passes through’: translates the same Syriac root as ‘enters’ later in this verse. 3 ‘throw down’: same Syriac root as ‘demolish’ in 26:4. 4 ‘your wealth’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 5 ‘all your’: lit. ‘many’. 6 ‘ruin’ or ‘fall’. So too 27:27. 7 ‘embroidered’: lit. ‘decorated’. 8 ‘whose terror spread to all around’: lit. ‘who gave their fear to all their inhabitants’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܶܫـܗ ܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܝ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܚـ ܳ�‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܳܩـ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܳ� ܰܫـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓـ�‬ ‫ܶܡـܢ ܗܠ ݂ܟـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ ܽܫܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥـܐܠ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ�ܥܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܥـܐܠ‬ ‫݂ܕܡ� ܟ ݂ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܰܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܡ ݂ܬܪܥܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܶܫܗ ܢ ݂ ܽܕܘܫ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܽܫـ ̈ܘ ܰܩܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܩܛـܠ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ� ܳܣ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܘ̈ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܘܫܢ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒܐܪܥܐ ܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܚܘ ݂ܦ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܒ ܽܙܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ ̈ܟ ܰܣܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܢ ܶܩ ܳܢ�ܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣܚ ݂ ܽܦـܘܢ ܽܫـܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥܩـ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ ̈ܒـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ̈ܝ ܰܣܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܰܦ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܪ ܓ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒܛܠ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܙܡ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܶܫ ݁ܬ ܰܡܥ ܳܩ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ܳ� ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܟܐ ݂ܦܐ ܫܥܝܥܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܫܛܚܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܡܨ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܢܶܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢ ܳܩـܐ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ �ـ ܽـܨܘܪ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܳܩـ� ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦـܘܠ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܩܛ ̈ܝܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ̈ܩܛ� ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩܛܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܽ :‬ܢܙ ̈ܘ ܳܥܢ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ܳܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫܩܠܽـܘܢ ܶܡܢـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܚـ ݂ ܽܬܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟܘ� ܰܣـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐܤ ܰ‬ ‫ܛ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫ�ܚܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ� ݁ܒ ܽܫـܘܢ ܰܙܘܥـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܚܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽܘܪܘܢ ܳܘ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ� ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܺܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܥ ܽܡܘܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܠܘܢ ܥܠܝܟ ̱ܝ ܐܘ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܽܡـܘ� ̇ܝܗ‪݁ :‬ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܕܚܠܰـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫ ܳܝܢܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳܡـܐ ܺܗܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning Tyre

 



 

 





In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, because Tyre spoke against Jerusalem (saying) ‘Aha! The gates of the peoples have been shattered, and they have turned to me; she was destroyed, laid waste’.

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am against you, Tyre; I shall make many peoples rise up against you, as the waves of the sea rise up. 1 They will break down the walls of Tyre, they will demolish its towers, they will scrape away 2 its soil: I shall reduce it to a bare rock.

It will be a place where the nets are spread out to dry, 3 in the middle of the sea, for I have spoken, says the Lord of lords, it will be plunder for the peoples. Its daughters who are in the fields will be slain by the sword, and they shall know that I am the Lord.

For thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am bringing upon Tyre Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, from the north, the king of kings, with horses, with chariots, with horsemen, with a host, with many people.

Your daughters who are in the fields 4 will be slain by the sword; he will besiege you, 5 lay ambush to you, raise up against you (defense with) shields.

He will hurl 6 the points of his javelins 7 against your walls, they will overthrow your towers with their spears. ‘as the waves of the sea rise up’: lit. ‘as the sea comes up with its waves’. ‘scrape away’: lit. ‘uproot from it’. 3 ‘are spread out to dry’: lit. ‘of dryings’. See too 26:14. 4 ‘fields’ a different Syriac word from that in 26:6. 5 ‘will besiege you’: lit. ‘raise up against you watchtowers/siege-works’. 6 ‘hurl’: lit. ‘give’. 7 ‘of his javelins’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܟܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܥܰܠ ܽܨܘܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ ܐ ܳܚܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܢـܘ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܨܘܪ ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܚܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܰܘܨ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬ ݀‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܽܨܘܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܣـܩ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܣܠܩ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ̱ܠܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰܢܚ ݁ܒܠܽܘܢ ܽܫـܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܽܨܘܪ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣܚ ݂ ܽܦـܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܓ ݁ ̈ܕ ܶܠ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥܩـ ܽܪܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ܦـ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ̇ܝܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܦܐ ܰܫܥܺܝܥ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܛ ̈ܶܚܐ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܡ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠܡ ܺܨ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰ ̈ܩܛܠ ܳܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܨܘܪ‪ܰ :‬ܠܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟ ـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒ ـܠ ܶܡ ـܢ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝ ـܐ‪ :‬ܡܠ ـ ݂ܟ ܰܡ� ݁ ̈ܟ ـܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ܳ� ܶܫܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܟ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚܩ� ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܢܩܛܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܢܩܝܡ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ܶܩـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܟ ܶܡـܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܢܩܝܡ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܣ ݁ܟ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ ݁ܒ ܽܫܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡܓ ݁ ̈ܕ ܰܠܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܢܶܥܩ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫ�ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢܝ ̈ܙ ݂ ܰܟܘ ̱ܗܝ ܢ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





I shall give it as an inheritance to those of the children of the east, those of the children of Ammon, so that Rabbath of the children of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations. I shall pass judgment on Moab, and you will know that I am the Lord. Concerning Edom

 



Thus says the Lord of lords: Because Edom took revenge on those of the house of Judah, maintained lasting anger, was jealous of them,

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I lift up my hand against Edom, I shall destroy man and beast from (within) it, I shall make it desolate, from Teman and Daran, it will fall by the sword.

I shall wreak vengeance on Edom, by the hand of my people Israel; they will take vengeance on Edom according to my fury and my anger — they will know my vengeance, says the Lord of lords. Concerning Philistia







Thus says the Lord of lords: Since the Philistines have exacted vengeance, have avenged themselves with passionate desire, 1 to corrupt the friendship of old —

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I lift up my hand against the Philistines; I shall destroy Crete, I shall destroy the remains of the shores of the sea. I shall exact from them my great vengeance, with rebuke, with fury: they will know that I am the Lord, when I have exacted my vengeance from them.

1 ‘avenged themselves with passionate desire’: lit. ‘taken vengeance, vengeance, with the desire of their soul’.



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ܺܠ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ � ܽܝܘܪ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟـܪ ܰܪ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ـܝ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܶܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠـܡ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܘ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܠ ܽܚܘܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ̇‬ ‫ܝܡـܢ ܘ݂ ܳܕ ܳܪܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̱ ݁ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܚܪ ܒܐ ݂ܬܦܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ ܰܒܐ ݂ ܽܕܘܡ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ݂ܕ ܥܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܪܥ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢܶܗ ܠ ݂ܦܘܪܥ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܦܠܫ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ̈ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܰܪܥـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡـܪ ܡـܪ ܐ ܡـ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥـܠ ܕܥ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܦ�ܫ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦܘܪ�ܢܐ ݂ܒܪ ݁ܓ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܢ ݂ܦܫܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܕܢܚܒܠܘܢ ܪ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ݁ܦ ܶ� ̈ܫ ݁ܬ�ܶـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܠ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܶܛܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܫܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ ܰܕܣ ݂ ܳܦ ܰ�ܝ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ� ܳ� ܰܢܝ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ܳܣ ܽܢܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـ ܳܙ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ� ܳ� ܰܢܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter  Concerning the children of Ammon

  



 



XIV

 

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, set your face towards the children of Ammon, and prophesy against them.

Say to the children of Ammon: Hear the word of the Lord of lords. Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Because you said “Aha” concerning my sanctuary, which was defiled, and concerning the land of Israel which was destroyed, and concerning those of the house of Judah who went into exile — Because of this, See! I give you to the children of the east as an inheritance. Their host will live among you, they will pitch their camps among you, they will eat your fruits, they will drink your milk.

I shall make Rabbath a stable for camels, the children of Ammon a sheepfold, and you will know that I am the Lord’.

Thus says the Lord of lords: Because you clapped your hands, stamped your feet, and rejoiced with all your soul 1 over the land of Israel,

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I lift up my hand against you, I shall give you to the nations as plunder, I shall cut you off from the nations, I shall destroy you in the countries, I shall lay you waste — and you will know that I am the Lord. Concerning Moab 2

Thus says the Lord of lords: Because Moab and Seir have said ‘See! Among all the nations, those of the house of Judah’, Because of this, See! I shall wrench loose the shoulder of Moab from its cities, from its cities and from its surroundings, the glory of the land of Beth-jeshimoth, Baal-meon, and Kiriathaim.

‘with all’: lit. ‘in/with’. 2 ‘concerning’ or ‘against’. So passim. 1



‫ܰܶ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܟܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܥܰܠ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ـ ܰܘܫ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ـܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰ ـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥ ـܐ‬ ‫ܐܡ ـܪ ݁ܬܘܢ ܐ ܳܚ ـܢ ܥܰ ـܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕܫـ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܕ ܶܚܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗܐ ܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚـܐ � ܽܝܘܪ ݁ ܳܬ ܳ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܡـܪ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܩܫـܘܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽـܘܢ ݁ ܺܦܐ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܝ�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܶܫ ݁ܬܘܢ ܰܚ� ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ � ܰܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܰܠܪ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓ ̈ܡ ܶ�‪ :‬ܘ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܺܠ ̇‬ ‫ܠܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܢܩܫ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܪ ݂ ܰܦܣـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܚ ݂ ܺܕܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܒܙ ݂ ܳܬܐ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܣܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܚܪ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܥܺܝܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܠ ܕܐܡܪ ܡ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ܬܥ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܘܗܝ‪ܽ :‬ܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܺܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܡܘܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܽܩܘܪܝܰ ݁ܬܝܡ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

 

Your hair will not be cut, your shoes will be on your feet, do not weep, do not mourn. You will pine away in your iniquity, but each will be comforted by 1 his brother. 2 Ezekiel will be a sign for you: you will do as he has done, and you will know that I am the Lord of lords.

But you, O mortal man — on the day on which I take from them the strength of the joy of their glory, the desire of their eyes, their souls’ atonement, their sons and their daughters — On that day, one who has escaped will come to you, and he will make you listen.

The fugitive 3 will open your mouth on that day; you will speak and will be dumb no more: you will be a sign for them, and they will know that I am the Lord.

‘by’ or ‘concerning’. ‘each will be comforted by his brother’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘fugitive’: lit. ‘one who has escaped’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܰܦܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܣܥܪ ݂ܟܘܢ � ܢܣ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ ܘ�‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܰܬܪܩ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܣܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰܘܠ ݂ܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽܝܐܘܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܥܰܠ ܐܚܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܚ ܺܙܩ ܶܝܐܝܠ ܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܬܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ ܽܥܘܫ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚـ ݂ ܽܕܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݁ܕ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ܶܣ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ܨ� ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܺ :‬ܢܐ ݂ܬܶܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܥ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܠܶـܠ ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܨ� ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܢ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܚـܪܫ‪:‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡܪ�ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 



 



   



Like rotten figs; 1 much of its iniquity will not go out of it, but its retribution will be by fire.

Because you were corrupted in fornication, because I purified you — but you were not purified in your corruption, you will no more be purified, until my anger is assuaged. 2

I, the Lord, have spoken. I bring to pass, I act. I shall not take pity, I shall not spare, I shall not have mercy: but according to your ways and your schemes I shall judge you, says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, See! Suddenly, at a stroke, I shall take from you the delight of your eyes. You will not mourn nor weep, your tears will not fall,

But suffer (for) the blood of the dead. 3 Do not make mourning in the house. 4 Put on your clothes, put your shoes on your feet, do not cover your lips, do not eat the bread of men. 5 I spoke to the people in the morning; in the evening my wife died. On the next morning I did as I had been commanded.

The people said to me: Will you not explain to us what you are doing? I said to them: The word of the Lord came to me saying:

Say to those of the house of Israel ‘Thus says the Lord of lords. See! I defile my sanctuary, the pride of your strength, the desire of your eyes, your souls’ atonement. 6 Your sons and daughters whom you have left will fall by the sword. You will do as I have done. Do not cover your lips, do not eat the bread of men,

‘Like rotten figs’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘is assuaged’: lit. ‘rests in/with you’. 3 ‘(for) the blood of the dead’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘make mourning in the house’: lit. ‘make a house of mourning’. 5 ‘bread of men’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. So too 24:22. 6 ‘your souls’ atonement’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. So too 24:25. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܘ� ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ ܽܣـܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕܥܰـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܬܐܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ܟ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬܛ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ� ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܢ ܺܝܚ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ܰܪ ܶܚـ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ܽܚـܘܣ ܘ� ܐ ܰܪ ܶܚـܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܡܝ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܨ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܳ ܶ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܠـܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚـܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܩـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫ ܶܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܳܢ ܶܣ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡܢ ݂ܟ ܪ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ܢܫ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܟܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܚܠ ݁ ܶܕܡܥ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܺ ̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܟܐ ܳ� ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰ� ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘܩ ܥܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐ� ܐܫܬܢܩ ܒ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܡܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ̈ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܣܢܝܟ ܣܝܡ ܒ� ݂ܓܠܝܟ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܬܥܛ ݂ܦ ܥܠ ܣ ݂ܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘܠܚܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ��ܢܫـܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫� ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܨ ݂ܦـܪܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ ̱‬ ‫ܶܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܰ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦܪ ܐ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܐܢ ̱‬ ‫ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܩ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܠܝ ܥܡܐ‪� :‬‬ ‫ܡܚ ܶܘܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܰܢܘ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܝ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܡܛ ܶܘܫ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‬ ‫ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ܕ ܽܥܘܫܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܪ ܓ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ݂ܒ ܺܩܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܶܣ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬܥܰܛ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

     

    

The word of the Lord came to me in the ninth year, on the tenth day of the tenth month, saying:

O mortal man, write down the name for this day, when the king of Babylon attacks 1 Jerusalem, on this very day. Speak a parable to the rebellious house, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Set the caldron (on the fire); pour water into it’.

Put into it good portions of fatty meat, 2 a boned shoulder from the best of the flock.

Kindle the bones beneath the caldron, burn them beneath it.

For thus says the Lord of lords: Woe (to the) city of blood, on which the caldron is set: its iniquity has not left it; break it up, limb by limb; the lot will not fall on it.

For her blood was in her midst; I set it on a stone, I did not pour it out on the ground, so that it would not be covered by dust.

So that anger should flare up and call down vengeance, 3 I set her blood on a smooth 4 stone, so that it should not be covered up. Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Woe (to the) city of blood! I shall make the dwelling 5 great, I shall add (a lot of) wood.

I shall kindle the fire, boil the meat, bring it to boiling point, 6 burn the bones. I shall set it, bubbling, on the coals, so that it will be hot, its brass melted, so that its abomination may melt 7 in its midst, retribution 8 complete, ‘attacks’: lit. ‘presses heavily upon’. ‘good portions of fatty meat’: lit. ‘portions good and fatty’. 3 ‘flare up and call down vengeance’: lit. ‘arise for vengeance’. 4 ‘smooth’ or ‘bare’. 5 ‘dwelling’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘bring it to boiling point’: lit. ‘make the bubbling up boil’. 7 ‘melted … melt’: these verbs render two different Syriac roots. 8 ‘retribution’: lit. ‘its retribution’. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܟܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚـܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܥ ܰܣـܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ܥܠܝ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ݂ܒܫܢ̱ܬܐ ݂ܬܫܝܥܝ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ :‬ܟ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠـܡ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܣ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ �‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܡ ݁ܬܠ ܡ ݂ܬ� ܥܠ ܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ݂ ܺܦܝ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܳܣܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܣܘ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺܡ ܺܝܢܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܦܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܝܛ ݁ ܰܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ ܢܶ ̈ܩ ܶܣܐ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡـ ̇ܗ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶܽ ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܩ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚܘ ݂ܬܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܳܣܐ ܫ ݂ܓܘܪ ܐܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܳܣـܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶܦـܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ̇ܗ ܳ� ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܗ݁ ܳܕܡ ܰܗ݁ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ܳܣܐ � ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܘܣܩ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ�‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܳܣܡ ݁ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܫـܕܬܗ ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܶܣܐ ܥܠ ܰܘܗܝ ܥܰ ݂ܦܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܰܣ ـܩ ܶܚܡ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܽܢ ـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܬ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ـ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ـܠ ܟܐ ݂ܦ ـܐ ܫܥܝܥ ـܬܐ ݂ܕ�‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܶܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܕܕ ܳܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡـܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ܶܣܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܩ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ܰܫܠ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ܬܚ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܳܚܐ ܘ ݂ܰܓ� ܶܡܐ ܺܢܐܩ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܳܚܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܓܘܡ ܶ� ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ܰܚܡ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܰܫܪ ܳܢܚ ܳܫ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

 

 

The sound of their rejoicing, 1 and of the men who came from Sheba and from the wilderness, rose up; 2 they wore bracelets on their hands, a crown of glory on their heads. I said: she committed adultery with these, they fornicated with deeds of harlotry. They went in to them, as those who go in to a prostitute; thus they went in to Ahlah and Ahlibah, the harlots. Righteous men will pass judgment on them, the judgment of adulteresses and the judgment of those who shed blood: for they are adulteresses, and there is blood on their hands. For thus says the Lord of lords: I shall raise a host against them, I shall make them a(n object of) terror, despoiled. 3

The crowd will stone them with stones, strike them with their swords, slaughter their sons and their daughters, burn their houses with fire. But I shall eliminate iniquity from the land; all the women will be taught; 4 they will not fornicate as you do. 5

I shall make you aware of 6 your fornication, you will acknowledge the sins of your idols. You will know that I am the Lord.

‘their rejoicing’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 2 ‘rose up’: lit. ‘was coming’. 3 ‘despoiled’: lit. ‘spoil’. 4 ‘taught’ or ‘chastised’. 5 ‘you do’: lit. ‘your fornication’. 6 ‘make you aware of …’: lit. ‘set … upon you’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܡܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝـܢ ܳܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ݁ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ ܰܬܘ ܶܡـܢ ܫ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝܘ ܺܫܐ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܺ ܳܝ� ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ܒ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܳܓ� ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܙ ̈� ܳܝ ݂ܬܐ ܰܙ ܢ ̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫�ܘܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ‬ ‫ܐܠܝܢ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܙ ܢܝ ݂‬ ‫ܘܥܐܠ ܰܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ ݂ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗ� ܘܥܰܠ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܠܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ ܳܙ ̈� ܳܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܘ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܝ ̈ ܶܩܐ ܢ ݂ ܽܕ ܽܘܢـܘܢ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ܳ�ـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝܠܝـܢ ݁ ܳܕܐ ̈ܫـ ݁ ܳܕܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܓ ܳ� ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܶܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܶܣـܩ ܥܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܝـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܗܝـܢ ݁ܟ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܒ ܐܢܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫�ܙܘܥ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܚـܘܢ ܶܐܢ ܶܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܘܢܶܪ ݁ ܽܓܘܡ ܶܐܢ ܶܝـܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܫـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܶܦـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܶܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܝ ̈ ܶܗܝܢ ܰܢܘܩ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܰܢܩܛܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܥ ݁ ̈ܒ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܚ ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒܛܠ ܥܘ� ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܬ�݂ܕܝܢ ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚܛ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ܬ ܰܩ ݁ ̈ܒܠـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ̈ܕ ܳܥـܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



   XIII

 

 





Thus says the Lord of lords: You will drink your sister’s cup — (it is) deep and wide — and you will be a laughing-stock, derided by all, 1 (for) it is full.

You will be filled with drunkenness, with misery — the cup of stupor, of desolation, the cup of your sister Samaria. You will drink it, you will drain it; you will cut your hair, 2 you will tear your breasts, for I have spoken, says the Lord of lords.

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords 3 — For you forgot me, you cast me out with your false gods: 4 so you will acknowledge 5 your iniquity, your fornication. The Lord said to me: O mortal man, judge Ahlah and Ahlibah, show them their abomination.

They have committed adultery, there is blood on their hands, they have committed adultery with their idols, they are burning them in the fire, 6 their children whom they bore to me.

And this other (thing) that they did to me: they defiled my sanctuary that day, they profaned my Sabbaths.

And when they had slaughtered their children (as sacrifices) to their idols, they entered my sanctuary on that day and profaned it — thus they did in my house.

Also, they would send for men to come to them from far away, those to whom they had sent messengers: and immediately they came, they would bathe, anoint their eyes, decorate themselves with ornaments.

They sat upon fine 7 beds, tables laid before them; they put my oil, my incense, on them. ‘derided by all’: lit. ‘a great derision’. ‘you will cut your hair’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords’: see Foreword to the Edition. Orthographic Diversions from Mosul. 4 ‘with (lit. ‘behind’) your false gods’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 5 ‘acknowledge’: lit. ‘accept’. So too 23:49. 6 ‘they are burning them in the fire’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 7 ‘fine’: lit. ‘spread’ or ‘veneered/plated’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܺܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܚـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܩـܐ ܰܘ ܺܪܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܝـܢ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܟܣܐ ݂ܕܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܬܫ‬ ‫ܠܡܘܝܳ ܳܩܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܘܓ ܺܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܽܓܘܚ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܟ ܳܣܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܰܪ ܳܘ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ݂ ܳܕ ܽܘܘ ܳܢܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܡܠܝܢ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܟ ܳܣܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܶ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝܢܶܗ ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܬ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܬ ܰܩܛܥܺܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫ܡܨܝܢܶܗ‪ .‬ܘܣ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܬܫ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܠ ݂ܬ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢـܝ ܶܘܐܫ ݁ܬ݂ ܺܕܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶܛܥܰܝ ݁ܬ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒ ̱‬

‫ܨܚ ܝܓ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܕܘܢ �ܗ� ܘ� ܺ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܘ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܠܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳܘܐ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ݁ ܳܓ�ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܙ ݁ܕ ܳܓ� ̱ܝ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܝ� ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܰܐ ̈ܘ ܶܩ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܶ ܺܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ̈‬ ‫ܫܝ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܝ ܛ ܶܘ ̈ܫ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܛܢܶ ݂ܦ ̱ܝ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܚ ܘܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܐ̱‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ̈ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܶ‬ ‫ܫܝ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܠܛ ܘ ݂ ܰܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܣ ̱ܝ ̱ܗܘܝ ܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ܠ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ̱ܝ ܠ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܘܛ ܶܘ ܳܫ ̈ܝ ̱ܗܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ܡ ܳܘܐ ݂ܦ ܰ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܶܡـܢ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ̈ܚ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܶܝـܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܩـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܫـ ݁ ܰܕ � ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܣ ܰ ̈ܚܝ ܰܘ ݂ܟ ܰ ̈ܚܠ ̱ܝ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܨ ܛ ݁ ̈ܒ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܡ� ݂ܟܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬܘ ܒܪ ܫܥ ݂‬ ‫ܶܨ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܝܡـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܦـ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܶ� ܐ ܶܐܣـ ݁ܬ݂ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚـܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܡܐ ܺܘܝ ݂ܬ ݂ ̈ܒ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܥ�ܣ ݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ̱‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܰܡܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ̈ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 







 









They will surround you, the sons of Babylon, all the Chaldeans, Put, Lud, Koa, and all the sons of Assyria with them, handsome youths, lords and rulers, all the men of Kedar on horseback.

They will come against you armed, with chariots, wheeled carriages, 1 with the multitudes of the nations, with javelins and shields and helmets they will surround you. I shall put the case 2 to them, and they will pass their judgment on you.

I shall turn my jealous wrath against you, they will break your nose in fury, cut off 3 your ears, and what remains of you will fall by the sword; they will take your sons and daughters, and what remains of you will be consumed by fire. They will take the garments of your glory, they will strip you of your raiment.

I shall bring to naught your belief, 4 and your fornication from the land of Egypt. You will not raise your eyes to them, you will remember Egypt no more.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I deliver you into the hands of those whom you hated, into the hands of the Assyrians whom you loathe. 5

They will strike you in their hatred, they will take all your labor and leave you naked and cold, the nakedness of your fornication, of your iniquity, will be uncovered.

In your fornication, these things were done to you, for in your fornication you followed 6 after the nations, you were corrupted by their idols.

Because you followed your sister’s ways, I shall put her cup into your hands.

‘wheeled carriages’: lit. ‘wheels’. 2 ‘put the case’: lit. ‘give judgments’. 3 ‘cut off’: lit. ‘uproot’. 4 ‘belief’ or ‘opinion/mind’. 5 ‘whom you loathe’: lit. ‘from whom your soul has turned’. 6 ‘in your fornication you followed’: lit. ‘you fornicated’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܶـܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ـܘܛ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ـܘ݂ܕ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܢܶܚ ݁ܕ ܽܪܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ ـܝ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒ ـܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ـܘܥ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ܽ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ ـܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ܥܰܡـ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺ� ̈ܝܛܢܶ ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܓ ـܕܘ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕܪ ܓ ـ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܩ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܺܝܢܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܺ ݂ܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓـ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܟܢ̈ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝܙ ݂ ܶܟܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܣ ݁ܟ ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܣܢܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܟܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܽܕܘܢܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܒـ ܽܪܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ :‬ܘܢ‬ ‫ܛܢܢـ‬ ‫ܢܚܝ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕ ܰ� ̈� ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܢܥܰܩـ ܽـܪܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܪ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܚܪ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݁ܬܶܬܶܐ ܶܟܠ ݁ܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܘܢܶܣ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܫ�ܚܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܰܫܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘܙ ܽܢܝـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒܛـܠ ܬܪܥܝ‬ ‫ܝܡܝــܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܰܡܫܠـܡ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ܕ ܐܝܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܣܢܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܚܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܣ ܰܢـܐ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ �ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩـܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰܪܛـܠ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘ݂ܕܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܪܝܰ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܓ ܶ� ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܺ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰܢ ݂ܦـ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܳܙܢ ܽܝ ـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ‪ :‬ܕܙ ܢܝ ـܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܣ ̇ܗ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫� ܘܥܠ ܕܗܠ ݂ܟܬ ̱ܝ ܒܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬܗ ܕܚ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

      

She cleaved to the sons of Assyria, to the lords and rulers who approached her, horsemen clothed in purple, on horseback, all of them handsome young men. I saw that she was corrupted: both went the same way. 1

They fornicated even more; they saw men painted on the walls, colored images 2 of Chaldeans,

Girdles around their hips, their hair elaborately dressed, 3 all of them looking like men, 4 their form that of the sons of Babylon, of the Chaldeans, the land in which they were born. She was infatuated with 5 them when she set eyes on them, 6 she sent them messengers, to the land of the Chaldeans. The sons of Babylon came to her, to sleep with her; they corrupted her by their lust; 7 she was corrupted by them, was revolted by 8 them. Then she revealed her fornication, uncovered her nakedness — and I was revolted by her as I was revolted by her sister.

She fornicated more; she remembered the days of her youth, when she fornicated in the land of Egypt. She was infatuated by their servants, whose flesh is like the flesh of an ass, their privy parts like the privy parts of horses. You revisited the iniquity of your youth, when you were violated in Egypt, and your young breasts were bruised.

Therefore, Ahlibah, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I awaken against you all your lovers from whom you revolted, I bring them against you.

‘both went the same way’: lit. ‘the way of the two of them’. ‘colored’: lit. ‘painted in colors’. 3 ‘their hair elaborately dressed’: lit. ‘locks of hair tied on their heads’. 4 ‘looking like men’: lit. ‘the appearance of men’. See Introduction. Addendum 2. 5 ‘was infatuated with’: lit. ‘cleaved to’. 6 ‘when she set eyes on them’: lit. ‘in the vision of her eyes’. 7 ‘lust’: lit. ‘fornication’. 8 ‘was revolted by’: lit. ‘her soul turned from them’. So similarly 23:18 and passim. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ܢܶܩ ݁ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܫ ܺ� ̈ܝܛܢܶܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܽܕ ̈ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ� ݁ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛܢ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܐܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܥܰܠ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ̈ܚ ܰܙܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܺܨ ܺܝܪܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܐܣـ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܨܠ ̈ܡـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܺܨ ܺܝܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̱̈ܡ ܳܡܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܩܛܝ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܺܝܩܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܚܙ ܳܩ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ� ܶܩܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܝܠ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܟ� ݂ܕ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ̈ܶܟܐ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܩ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ̈�ܢܶ ̇‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ ܰܬܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ݁ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛܢ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܛܢ ݂ ܽܦ ̇‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܓܠ ܳ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓܠ ܳ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶ�ـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݂ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪̇.‬‬ ‫ܡܢ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܽ ̇ ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܙ ܰܢܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܣܓܝ ݂ܬ ܙܢܝܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܐܬܕ ݂ܟܪ ݂ܬ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ �ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܶܒܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܩ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܚܡ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ .‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܚܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ݁݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟـ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܬܠـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰܪܣـ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ݂ ̈ܕܝ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦܩܕܬ ̱ܝ ܥـܘ� ݂ܕܛ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܛ‬ ‫�ܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܠܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܡܥܺܝـܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܦ ܳ� ܶܫܐ ܠ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܰܫـܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܪ ݁ܓ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

   

     



The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, there were two women, daughters of one mother.

In their youth, in Egypt, they fornicated; their breasts were pressed, they were violated 1 there.

The name of the older was Ahlah, and the name of the other was Ahlibah: they were mine, and they bore sons and daughters. The name of Samaria was Ahlah, and (the name) of Jerusalem was Ahlibah. Ahlah fornicated, (went away) from me, cleaved to her lovers, to the Assyrians her neighbors,

The lords and rulers clothed in purple, handsome young men, 2 all horsemen, riding horses. She fornicated with 3 them, with all the chosen of the sons of Assyria, cleaved to all their idols, was corrupted. 4 She did not give up her fornication in Egypt, for they had dishonored her in her youth, they had violated her, fornicated with her.

Therefore see! I have delivered her up into the hands of her lovers, into the hands of the children of Assyria to whom she cleaved.

They uncovered her nakedness, they took her sons and daughters, they slew her with the sword. There she was a byword for the women; they passed judgment on her. Her sister Ahlibah saw: she was more corrupted by her intercourse than she had been, 5 her fornication exceeded that of her sister.

‘violated’ or ‘deflowered’. So too 23:8. ‘handsome young men’: lit. ‘youths of desire’. Similarly 23:12. 3 ‘fornicated with’: lit. ‘cast … fornication upon’. So too 23:8. 4 ‘cleaved to all their idols, was corrupted’: lit. ‘and to all that she cleaved to, in/with their idols, and was corrupted’. 5 ‘she was more corrupted by her intercourse than she had been’: lit. ‘her intercourse corrupted her more than her’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܟܓ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܪ ݁ܬܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܝܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܐ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܡ ܶܪܣ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܶܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܬ� ̱̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܠܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܺܠܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܬܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܗ�‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܫܡ ̇ܗ ܕܩܫܝܫܬܐ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܫܡ ̇ܗ ܕܫܡܪܝܢ ܐܗ�‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܐܗܠܝ ݂ܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ � ܳ� ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܩ ݁ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܚܡ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪݂ � :‬ܬܘ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܙܢܝ ݂‬ ‫ܬ ܐܗ� ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܺ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܽ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܦ ܳ� ܶܫـܐ‬ ‫ܕܠ ݂ܒܝܫܝܢ ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘܫ�ܝܛܢܐ‪ :‬ܓـܕܘ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕܪ ܓـ ݂‬ ‫ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܐ ݂ܬ�ܩ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫�ܝـܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܳܘܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܳ� ܶܫ ݂ܒ ܰܩ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ ܰܨܥܰـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝܘ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݁ܬ ܽܠ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܩ ݂ ܰܦـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܚܡ ̇‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗܐ ܐܫܠܡ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ̇ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘ�ـ ̇ܗ ܩܛܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܗܢܘܢ ܰܓܠܘ ܦܘܪܣܳܝܗ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܒـܪ ̱ܘ ܒܢܝـܗ ܘ ݂ܒܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ ݁‬ ‫ܡ�� �ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ܒܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܗܠܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ܢܶܩ ݁ ܳܦ ̇ܗ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝـܪ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬ܘܙ ܽܢܝـܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝـܪ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܘܚܙ ݂ܬ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ̇ܳ‬ ‫ܙܢܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܚ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  



 







The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, say to her ‘You, O land, were not pure. You were not watered, no rain fell on you’. Her prophets rebelled in her midst, like the roaring lion who tears the prey; they ate souls, in their strength, they took the glory of their palaces. 1

Her priests trespassed against my law, defiled that which I hold sacred; they did not distinguish the sacred from the polluted, they could not tell the profane from the pure, they did not recognize 2 my Sabbaths, I am dishonored 3 among them.

Its noblemen in its midst were like wolves clamoring 4 to shed blood, to destroy souls so as to acquire possessions.

Her prophets plaster her with plaster that will not last; 5 their vision is empty, their divination false. 6 They say ‘Thus says the Lord’ — but the Lord spoke not. They oppressed, they injured, the people of the land; defrauded the poor and needy; oppressed, without regard to the law, the one who turned towards me. I sought among them for a man who would build a fence, who would stand in the breach before me upon the face of the land so that I should not destroy it: I found none.

So I poured out my anger upon them; in the fire of my fury I shall destroy them: I shall visit their ways on their heads, says the Lord of lords.

‘they took the glory of their palaces’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘did not recognize’: lit. ‘lowered their eyes from’. 3 ‘dishonored’: same Syriac root as ‘defiled’. 4 ‘clamoring’: lit. ‘snatching’. 5 ‘not last’: lit. ‘fall’. 6 ‘their divination false’: lit. ‘they divined for themselves falsehood’. 1



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܳܝـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܶܐܨ ܰܛ ݁ ܰܒܥـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܘ� ܶ‬ ‫ܢܚـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܡـ ܰ‬ ‫ـܪ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܶܝܝـ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܐ ܳܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢـ ܶܗܡ ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ ܰܟܠـ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ܒܥܰ ܺܫ ܽܝܢܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܚ ܳ� ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܳ ̈ ܶ ̇ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܟܗܢܝـ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ ܠܛܢ ݁ ܳܦـܐ �‬ ‫ܘܣܝ ܘܛ ܶܘܫـ ̱ܘ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ـܗ ܐܥܠܝـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܦ ܰܪܫ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܡܣܝ ݂ܒܐ � ݂ܕ ݂ܟܝܐ � ܝ ݂ܕܥـ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘܡـܢ ܫܒـܝ ܐܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ��ܢܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܕܐ ݂ ̈ܶܒـܐ ܳܚܛ ݁ ܺܦܝـܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫـ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܰܡـܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢ ̇ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܢܘܢ ܶܩ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܛܪܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܨܡـ ̱ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܣܪ ܽܝܩـܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܶܝ ̇‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ � ܐ ܰܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ ݁ܓܠܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘܡ‬ ‫ܠܡ ̈ܣ ݁ ܺܟܢܶـܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܟܛ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܛܠ ܰܡ ̱ܘ ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥܠ ܰ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܛܠ ܰܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܕ� ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣـܐܶ ݂ܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܝ ܳ ݂ܓـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܩـܐܡ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܪܥـ ݂ܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ� ܐ ܰܚ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܫ ݁ܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܦܝ ̇ܗ ܕ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܽܪܘܓـܙܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫� ܶܘܐܫ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܺܣܝ ݂ ܶܦـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܦܪܥ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





    XII

 

 

 

Each defiled his neighbor’s wife; each, fornicating, defiled his daughter-in-law; among you, each abuses his sister, the daughter of his father.

Among you, they have taken bribes so that they might shed blood; among you, they have practiced usury; among you, they have charged interest; they have stolen from their friends: 1 you have forgotten me, says the Lord of lords. Moreover I strike my hands together because of the iniquity you have committed, because of the blood shed in your midst.

Your heart will not endure, your hands will not be strong, in the days when I shall deal with you: I the Lord have spoken, have acted.

I shall scatter you among the nations, disperse you among the countries. I shall admonish you 2 among the nations: you will know that I am the Lord. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, all those of the house of Israel were of small worth to me: (they were) like brass, like tin, like iron, like lead, in the heart of a furnace, alloyed with silver. 3 Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: because you are all alloyed, 4 See! I gather you together, to the midst of Jerusalem,

As silver is collected, with brass, iron, tin, and lead, to the heart of the furnace, and they blow the flame onto them to melt them: so shall I gather you together in my fury, melt you in my anger — I shall blow fire upon you in my fury, I shall melt you in its midst.

As silver is melted in the heart of the furnace, so will you be melted in its midst. You will know that I am the Lord — I shall pour out my anger upon you. ‘stolen from their friends’: lit. ‘deceived their friends with robbery’. ‘I shall admonish you’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘alloyed with silver’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘because you are all alloyed’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ �ܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܛܢܶ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܠ ݂ ܰܟܠـ ݂ܬܗ ܛܢܶ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܨܥܰܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܝܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ܽܫܘܚ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩܠـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܝ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܺܢܐܫ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܪܒܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܝܐ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܚܡ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟܠ ̱ܘ � ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܛܠܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ܛܥܰܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܰܛ ܶܪ ݂ܦ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܢ ܳܩܐܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܢ ܡܚܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܣܢܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ��ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܶܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ݁ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ �ܥܺܝܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܺܠܝ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܡ ̈ܣ ܰ� ܳܝܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܢ ܳܚ ܳܫـܐ ܰܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܛܝܢ ݁ܒ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ݂ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܦܪܙ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܟܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕܚܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܚܠܛـ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ� ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܠ ݂ܓܘ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܙ�‪ܳ :‬ܘܐܢ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܓܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܦ ܺܚܝـܢ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳܢܚ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܪܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ܰܫܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܽܦܘܚ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ܰܫܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ܒ ܰܓܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܰܫܪ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐܫ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  





 

  

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

But you, O mortal man, judge the city of blood, make known all its abomination. Say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘The city in whose midst blood is shed — its time has come. It set idols in its midst, it has been defiled’.

You have become guilty of the blood that you shed, been defiled by the idols that you made. Your days drew near, your years were completed: 1 therefore I have given you to the nations as a reproach, made a mockery (of you) for all countries.

These who are far from you, and these who are near to you, will mock you and say: She has defiled her name, multiplied 2 her iniquities. See! The noblemen of Israel, each in his tribe 3 among you, that they might shed blood.

Among you, they reviled father and mother; in your midst, they oppressed the one who turned towards me; 4 among you, they defrauded widows and orphans. You despised that which is sacred to me, 5 defiled my Sabbaths.

There were mercenaries 6 among you, to shed blood; they ate on the mountains, they sinned in your midst. Among you, they uncovered the father’s nakedness; in your midst, they approached the menstruating woman. 7

‘your years were completed’: lit. ‘the time of your years came’. ‘She has defiled her name, multiplied’: lit. ‘Defiled in her names, grown great in’. 3 ‘in his tribe’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘who turned towards me’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 5 ‘that which is sacred to me’: lit. ‘my holy things’. See too 22:26. 6 ‘mercenaries’: lit. ‘traders’. 7 ‘they approached the menstruating woman’: lit. ‘the abomination of the menstruous woman they made’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܟܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ܳ�ܐ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܽ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ݁ ܰܕܥ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܕܝܢ ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܕܘܢ ܠܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܡܛܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ ܰܬܐ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܦ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݁ܬܛ ܰܡܐ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܐܫ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܚܣـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܺܛܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܘܝܳ ܳܩـܐ‬ ‫ܫ� ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܰ� ܺܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܩܢ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܢܡ ̈ܝ ܳܩܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܘܢܐܡ ܳ�ܢ‪ :‬ܛܢ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܰܝܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܶܠ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܺܢܐܫ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܐ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܠܫܪ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫� ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ ܘ� ܳܡ ـܐ ܰܨ ܺܚܝــܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܳܝܢ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶ ـܐ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܛܠ ܰܡ ـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ـ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ܬ ̈ܡܐ ܘ��ܡܠ ݂ܬܐ ܥܠ ܰ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫܝ ܐܣܠܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܝ ܛ ܶܘܫ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܬ ݁ ܳܓـ ܶ� ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܺܢܐܫـ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ܛـܘ� ܐ ܐ ݂ ܰܟܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ݂ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܛܝ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܓܠ ܰܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܦ ܳܣ ܺܢܝ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





I shall pour out my wrath upon you, I shall blow on you in the fire of my fury, I shall deliver you up into the hand of brutish men, who deal destruction.

You will be fuel for the fire; your blood will be in the midst of the land; you will be remembered no more — for I the Lord have spoken.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐܫܘܕ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘܓـܙܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܐ ݁ ܽܦـܘܚ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫ ܳ‬ ‫� ܶܘ ܽ‬ ‫�ܡـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫݂ ̱ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܪܝ ܳ��ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣ ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܪܝܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܓـܘ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟـܪ‪ .‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

   





On his right hand, the divination concerning Jerusalem, to lay ambushes against it, to open his mouth in his strength, to raise his voice with a shout, to build up earthworks outside its gates, to set ambushes, to build watchtowers.

But it will be a false divination. 1 He will remember the iniquity, it will be besieged. 2

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Since you have made your iniquity remembered, in the captivity of your sins, have seen your sins and all your stratagems, you will be seized by the hand. For you, corrupted sinner, chief of Israel — your day has come, the time of your iniquity, your latter end. Thus says the Lord of lords: Take off the turban, relinquish 3 the crown; exalt the lowly, bring low the exalted.

This too shall I do for iniquity, for deceit, until he who judges 4 comes. I shall deliver it up to him.

But you, O mortal man, prophesy and say: ‘Thus says the Lord of lords to the children of Ammon, concerning their shame’. Say ‘The sword, the sword, prepared for slaughter, sharpened and flashing — Because of your empty vision, because of your false divination, to bring you down 5 on the necks of unjust sinners’ — for their day has come, the time of their iniquity, their end.

Sheath yourself! 6 In the place where you were born, there I shall judge you.

‘‘But it will be a false divination’: lit. ‘It will be to them as an empty divination before their eyes’. 2 ‘besieged’: lit. ‘shut up closely’. 3 ‘Take off the turban, relinquish’: lit. ‘Take from you … relinquish from you …’. 4 ‘who judges’: lit. ‘whose is judgment’. 5 ‘to bring you down’: lit. ‘to put/lay you’. 6 ‘Sheath yourself’: lit. ‘Be restrained in your scabbard’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܨܡـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܺܡܝܢܶܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ݂ܟ ܶܡـܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ـܬܚ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܽ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܢܩܝܡ ݁ܬ ̈ܠ ܐ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ݁ܬ�ܥ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܦܘܡܗ ܒܥܘܫܢܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܪܝܡ ܩܠܗ ܒܩܥ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ܘܢܶ ݂ܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܨܡܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟـܪ ܥܰـܘ�‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܪ ݁ܬܘܢ ܥܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܶܨ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܚ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ ܰܘܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕܥܰـ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛـܐ ܝܰـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܕܝـܢ ܛܢܦـܐ ܚܛܝـܐ ܪܒـܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܪ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ܰܨܢ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ܺܝܚ ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ݁ܟܠܝ�‪ܰ :‬ܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ ܳܟـܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳܡܐ ܐ ܶܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ܺܪܝܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝـ ̇‬ ‫ܟܙ ܐ ݂ܦ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ �ܥ ـܘ� ܘ�ܥ ـ‬ ‫ـܗ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢ ـܐ ݂ܬܐ ܰܡ ـܢ ݁ܕ݂ ܺܕܝܠ ـܗ ܽܗܘ ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢ ـܐ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܡܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ܒܢ̈ـܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ـܠ ܶܚܣ ـ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩܛــ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܠܛܝــܫ‬ ‫ܐܡ ـܪ‪ܰ :‬ܣܝ ݁ ܳܦ ـܐ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦ ـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܡܛ ܰܝ ـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܒ ܶܪܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܛ ܥܰܠ ܶܚܙܘ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܥܰـܠ ܰܨܘ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ܶܩܨܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓ ܳ�‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ ܰܘܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܛܐ ܝܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܨܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܚܛܝܐ �ܘ�‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݇ܡܠ ݁ܒ ܶܚܠ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬܝܠ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ݁ ܽܕ ܳܘܢ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   14



   

 

He prepared it, so that he might seize the hand of the sword, sharpened and prepared, 1 deliver it into the hand of the slayer. Cry out, howl, O mortal man, for it is against my people, against all the noblemen of Israel.

Clap your hands, 2 for that was justified — a humiliated tribe will cease to be, 3 says the Lord of lords. However, you, O mortal man, (must) prophesy. Clap your hands together, let the sword be doubled — it is the sword of the three who are slain, the sword of the slain, for great is he who moves 4 it,

That their hearts may be broken, great distress 5 within all their gates, I have delivered them up to the sharpened, flashing, sword, which is prepared for slaughter.

Grasp my right hand, grasp my left hand, to the place where my face is prepared. I too clap my hands together, my anger will be assuaged: I, the Lord, have spoken. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

But you, O mortal man, make two ways for yourself, so that the sword of the king of Babylon may come: two of them will come forth from one land, the chosen hand at the starting point 6 of the way of the chosen city. Make a way for the sword to come against Rabbath of the children of Ammon, against Judah, and against powerful Jerusalem.

For the king of Babylon stood, at the starting point of the way of the parting of the ways, to predict 7 by divination, shooting an arrow, inquiring of his idol: he saw his glory. 8 ‘prepared’: lit. ‘gave to readiness’. ‘Clap your hands’: lit. ‘Strike the palm’. So elsewhere. 3 ‘humiliated tribe will cease to be’: lit. ‘if a tribe was despised it will not be’. 4 ‘moves’: lit. ‘controls’. 5 ‘great distress’: lit. ‘pains may increase’. 6 ‘starting point’: lit. ‘head’. 7 ‘predict’: lit. ‘divine’. 8 ‘glory’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܛܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢܫ ܺ‬ ‫�ܡܝـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܠܛܝܫܐ ܘ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛܘܝܳ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܚ ݂ܕ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܝܰܗ ܶܒܗ‬ ‫݁ ܺ ̱ ݂ܳ ܳ ܽ ̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܒܐܝ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕܩܛܘ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܡـܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܓܥܺܝ ܰܘܐܝܠܶـܠ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ݁ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܽܩܘܫ ܟܦܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܙܕܕܩ ݂ܬ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܢ ܫܪ ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܐܣܬ�ܝ ݂ܬ‪݂ � :‬ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩܘܫ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ܳܦـܐ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܐܥܶـ ݂ܦ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ܶ‬ ‫̱ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܣܝܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܩܛ�� ̱ܗܘ‪ :‬ܘܣܝܦܐ ݂ܕܩܛ�� ݂ܕܪܒܐ ̱ܗܘ ܕܡܙܝܥ �ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܫ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܠ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܽܓـܘܢ ݁ܟ ܺ� ܶ‬ ‫�ܡـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܠܛܝܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩܛ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܒ ܶܪܩ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡܛ ܰܝ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܠܣܝܦܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܝ‪݂ � :‬ܬܪ ݁ ܰܕܡܛ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܶܣ ܳܡ ̱‬ ‫ܡܣ ̱‬ ‫ܢܝ ܝܰ ܺܡ ̱‬ ‫ܡܣ ̱‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܽܩܘܫ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ܺܝܚ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܪ ݁ܬܝܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܺܢـܐ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܶܦـܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܺܪܝܫ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩܘܢ ݁ܬ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪ܺ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܓ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰـܠ ܝܺـ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܘܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܩܡ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܺܪܝܫ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܨܡ‬ ‫�ܫ ݂ܬ ܐܘ�ܚ ݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܶܪܗ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܨܡܐ‪ :‬ܫ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܶܓ ܳܐܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܐܠ ܒ ݂ܦ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

XI

  



  

  

Chapter  The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, set your face towards Jerusalem, look upon their sanctuary, and prophesy against the land of Israel.

Say to the land of Israel: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘See! I am against you, I shall draw my sword, 1 I shall destroy from among you (both) the righteous and the sinner.

And because I have destroyed from among you (both) the righteous and the sinner, because of this, my sword will be drawn, against all flesh, from the south and (all the way) to the north. And all flesh will know that I, the Lord, drew my sword from its scabbard, and it will return no more.

For you, O mortal man, groan in the pain of your body, 2 groan bitterly in their sight.

If they say to you “Why do you groan?” say to them “Because of the tidings that come — every heart melts, every hand fails, every spirit suffers, all knees run with water”. See! it has come and it will be’, says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, prophesy and say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘A sword, a sword, has been sharpened! 3 It has been made ready for slaughter, 4 so that it will flash! It has been made ready to humiliate 5 the tribe of my son, to overcome 6 every tree’.

‘draw my sword’: lit. ‘bring out my sword from its scabbard’. See too e.g. 21:4. 2 ‘pain of your body’: lit. ‘the breaking of the back/loins’. 3 ‘sharpened’ or ‘polished’. So passim. 4 ‘for slaughter’: lit. ‘that it might kill a slaughter’. 5 ‘humiliate’: lit. ‘to make droop’. 6 ‘overcome’: lit. ‘to despise’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝܐ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܟܐ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܽ� ܶ‬ ‫ܫـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܘܪ ݁ܒ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܶܦـܩ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܛ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܣ ݂ܦ ܺܣܪ ̱ܝ ܡܢ ܚܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܐܘܒ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܙ ܕܝܩܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܠ ܕܐܘܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܙ ܕܝܩܐ‬ ‫ܘܚܛ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ܰܣ ݂ܦ ܺܣـܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܚܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܒ ܰܣܪ‪ :‬ܡܢ ܬܝܡܢܐ ܘܥ ݂ ܰܕܡܐ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܽ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܕܥܘܢ ܟܠ ܒܣܪ‪ :‬ܕܐܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ݁ܦ ܶܩـ ݂ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܦ ܺܣـܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܶܚܠـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ �‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܬܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ�ܚ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳܨ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܺܪ ܽܝܪܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ�ܚ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܳܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢـܐ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ�ـܚ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ܛ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܣܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܺܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܒـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܫܠ ܳܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ̈ܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܬ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ݂ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܘܚ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܒܘ� ܟܐ ܡ� ܕܝܢ ܡܝܐ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܘܗܘ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݇‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܠܛܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܛ�‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܒ ܶܪܩ‪ܶ .‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰܝ ݂ܒ ܠ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܬ ܽܥܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܛ ܰܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܩܛܘܠ ܩ‬ ‫ܠܫܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒـܪ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܣ� ݂ ܽܟܠ ܺܩܝܣ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 









  

 

I shall receive you, with a sweet savor, when I bring you out from (among) the nations, gather you from the countries into which you were scattered. I shall be sanctified among you, in the sight of the nations.

You will know that I am the Lord, when I have brought you into the land of Israel, to the land (over which) I lifted up my hand, to give it to your fathers. There you will remember your ways, your doings, by which you corrupted yourselves; 1 you will shrink from the memory 2 of all the evil you have committed.

You will know that I am the Lord, who took pity on you for the sake of my name. Not as your evil ways, not as your wrongdoing, have I done to you, house of Israel, says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, set your face to the south, 3 preach to the south, prophesy against the forest of the south. Say to the forest of the south: Hear the word of the Lord. Thus says the Lord of lords: See! I set fire to you! It will consume all your trees, both green and withered; the flame which is kindled will not be put out, every face will be scorched by it, from the south and (all the way) to the north. All flesh will see that I, the Lord, kindled 4 it, and it will not be put out. I said: Alas, Lord of lords, See! they say to me that I am one who deals only in parables. 5

‘corrupted yourselves’ or ‘were corrupted’. ‘you will shrink from the memory’: lit. ‘your faces will shrink’. 3 ‘south’: lit. ‘the way of the south’. 4 ‘kindled’: a different Syriac word from that used in 20:47. 5 ‘I am one who deals only in parables: lit. ‘you are one who speaks figuratively’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܐ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܒܪܝܚܐ ݂ܒܣ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܕ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ݂ܟܘܢ �ܥܝܢ ܥܰ ̱ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܳ �ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܥ ܶܠ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ܳ� ̇ܗ � ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ̈ܳ ܽ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ـ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡ ـܢ ܽܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ـܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝــܢ‪:‬‬ ‫�ܗܝــܢ ܨ�ܥ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ـܘܢ ܕܐܬܛܢ ݂ܦـ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܬܩܡ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܕ ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܚ ܶܣ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܛܠ ܶܫ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܨ� ̈ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܳܫܛ ̈ܝ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܡܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܘܚܘܪ ܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ �ܥ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܳܫ ܶܒܩ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܒܟ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܽܟـܘܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ܰܣܝـ ݁ܟ � ݂ܰܓ ܳܝـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫݂݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ̱ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙ�‪ :‬ܘ ܺܢ ̈‬ ‫ܝܡܢܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕܡܐܳ‬ ‫ܐܩ ݁ ܳܕܢ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܬ݂ܕܥ ݂ܟ ܫ�ܗ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܬܓ‬ ‫ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܘܢܚܙܘܢ ̇ܗ ܟܠ ܒܣܪ‪ :‬ܕܐܢܐ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̇ܗ ܘ� ݂ܬ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܳܐܘ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܺܠܝ ܰܡܡ ݁ܬܠ ̈ܡ ݂ܬ� ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





 

   





Bringing your gifts, making your sons pass through fire, still corrupting yourselves with your idols — yet wanting to inquire of me, O house of Israel — As I live’, says the Lord of lords, ‘I shall not speak a word to you’.

That which you have in mind will not come to pass. You said: We will be like the nations, like the families 1 of the earth, we will minister to the trees and the stones. As I live, says the Lord of lords: With a powerful hand, with a mighty arm, with rage brought down upon you, 2 I shall reign over you.

I shall take you out from (among) the nations, I shall gather you from the lands to which you have been dispersed — with a strong hand, with a mighty arm, with rage brought down upon you. I shall bring you to the wilderness of the nations, and there I shall judge you, face to face,

As I strove with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt: so shall I strive with you, says the Lord of lords.

I shall cause you to pass beneath the rod, I shall bring you into the discipline of the covenant.

I shall select from you those who rebel, who transgress against me; I shall bring them out from the land in which they live. 3 They will not enter the land of Israel, and you will know that I am the Lord. For (to) you of the house of Israel, thus says the Lord of lords: If you do not obey me — go, let each man serve his idols. No more will you defile my holy name with your gifts, with your idols.

For on my holy mountain, on the high mountains of Israel, says the Lord of lords, there all those of the house of Israel will serve me, perfectly; there, I shall be well pleased with them; there, I shall command their first fruits, the best of their harvests, the best of their gifts, with all their consecrated 4 things.

‘families’ or ‘tribes’. ‘brought down upon you’: lit. ‘poured out’. So too 20:34. 3 ‘in which they live’: lit. ‘of the house of their living’. 4 ‘consecrated’: lit. ‘holy’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘܡܥ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝــܢ ܐܢــ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟ ـܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢــ ܳ‬ ‫� ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝــܢ ܐܢ ̱ ـ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܰܡܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟــܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ܕܬ ܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܺܦܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ܬܘܢ ܒ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܐܠܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪݂ ܶ ܶ ̱ ܳ ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‪ܰ :‬ܚ ـܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܐ ܐ ܰܡ ـܪ ܳܡ ـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܐ ݁ܬܠ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ‬ ‫ـܝ ݁ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶܡܢـ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܝܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܰܫ� ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ܬܘܢ ܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰܢܫ ܶܡܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܩ ̈ܝ ܶܣܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ܺܩܝ ݂ܦ ݁ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥܐ ܳܪ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـ ܳܙ ܐ ܐ ܺܫܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܠ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܰܘܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ܐ� ܳܥـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝـܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ݁ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥܐ ܳܪ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܐ ܺܫܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܥܰܡ ܰܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܥܰܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܠܙ ܰܘܐܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ܶ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܽܕܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕܝܰ ݂ܬ ܺܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܥܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ ܺܒܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܡـ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܶܘܐܓ ݁ ܶܒܐ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܐܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ� ܢܶܥܠܽܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡܪ�ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ � ܳܫܡܥܺܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܛ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫـܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟـ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܙܶܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܦܠܘܚ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ܢـܫ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܡܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܒ ܽܛ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪ :‬ܒܛܘ� ܐ �ܡܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܦ� ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ܟ�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ܓܡܝܪܐܝـ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܬܡـܢ ܐܨ ܛ ݂ܒـܐ ݂ܒـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܢ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܝܫ ܰܥ̈ܠܳـܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܝܫܝܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪܝـܫ ܰܡـܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݂ܦ ܽܩܘ݂ܕ � ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

  



 

But the children embittered me, they did not observe my commandments, did not respect my judgments, did not act accordingly — for if a man acts accordingly, he lives. They defiled my Sabbaths. I said: I shall pour out my anger, I shall exhaust my rage against them, in the wilderness. But I acted for the honor of my name, so that it should not be defiled among the nations in whose eyes I had taken them out.

But I did lift up my hand over them in the wilderness, that I might scatter them among the nations, disperse them among the lands. Since they had not respected my judgments, they despised my commandments, defiled my Sabbaths, set their sights on 1 the idols of their fathers, I gave them commandments which were not good, judgments by which they should not live,

Corrupted them with their gifts — when they bring the firstborn I shall destroy them. 2 They will know that I am the Lord.

Therefore, O mortal man, speak with those of the house of Israel, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘In this your fathers have again blasphemed against me, in their wickedness which they committed against me’. I brought them to the land which I raised my hand to give to them — they saw every high place, every shady tree, and sacrificed there, brought their offerings there, made the savor of their sacrifice 3 rise 4 up there, poured out their libations there.

I said to them: What is the shrine to an idol, that you go there? It is called ‘Idol’s shrine’ to this day. Therefore, O mortal man, say to those of the house of Israel: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘If you are corrupting yourselves by your fathers’ ways, going astray in following their idols,

‘set their sights on’: lit. ‘their eyes went after’. ‘I shall destroy them’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘sacrifice’ or ‘holocaust’. 4 ‘made … rise up’: lit. ‘set’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ‬ ‫ܘܢܝ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ � ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ � ܢܛܪ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܳܚ ܶܝܐ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܰܛ ܶܘܫ ̱ܘ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕܐܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ� ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰܘܫ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܣ ݂ܬ ܶܡܛܠ ܶܫ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܶܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܐ � ܳܥ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣܠܝܘ ݁ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܘܛ ܶܘܫـ ̱ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒـܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ܶ� ܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܐ ܰܙܠ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ� ܺܢܐ ܽܚܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛܢ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܘ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܘ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡܪ�ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܠ ܶܠ ܥܰܡ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܓ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ ܰܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܒܥܰـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܥܠܝـܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܳܪܡـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܘܐܝ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܪܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟـܠ ܐܝܠ ـܢ ܕܡܛ ـܠ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܒܚ ـ ̱ܘ ܬܡـܢ ܕ ݂ܒܚܝ ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܩܪ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܬܡ ـܢ‬ ‫ܣܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܺܩܝܘ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣܡ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܡـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܩـܪܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢـܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܦ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܘܢ ܠ ݂‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܦ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ‬ ‫ܠ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܺܦܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܛܥ ܶܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   

 

  

 

I took them out from the land of Egypt and brought them into the wilderness.

I gave them my commandments, I taught them my judgments: if a man acts accordingly, 1 he will live by them. I gave them my Sabbaths too, to be a sign between me and them, so that they would know that I am the Lord who sanctifies them.

But those of the house of Israel embittered me in the wilderness. They did not observe my commandments, they despised my judgments, though if a man acts accordingly, he will live by them. They defiled my Sabbaths: so I said that I would pour out my anger upon them in the wilderness, I would destroy them. But I acted for the honor of my name, so that it should not be defiled in the eyes of the nations in whose eyes I had taken them out.

I lifted up my hand to them in the wilderness too, so that I would not let them enter the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey — the glory of all countries.

For they had despised my judgments, dishonored 2 my Sabbaths, followed their idols. 3

Yet I 4 took pity on them, so that I did not destroy them, did not consume them in the wilderness. I said to their children, in the wilderness: Do not observe the commandments of your fathers, do not respect 5 their judgments, do not defile yourselves with their idols. I am the Lord your God. Observe my commandments, respect my judgments, and act accordingly. Sanctify my Sabbaths, let them be a sign between me and you. You will know that I am the Lord your God.

‘acts accordingly’: lit. ‘does’. So too 20:13. ‘dishonored’: lit. ‘greatly defiled’. 3 ‘followed their idols’: lit. ‘after their idols their heart went’. 4 ‘I’: lit. ‘my eye’. 5 ‘respect’: lit. ‘guard/keep’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܦܩ ݂ܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡܨܪܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܝ‬ ‫ܘܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܰܐܘ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܳܚ ܶܝܐ‬ ‫݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳـܢ ܳܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢـܝ ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܘܐ ݂ܦ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܡܩ ݁ ܶܕܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ � ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ‪ .‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢـܝ‬ ‫ܘܢܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܳܚ ܶܝܐ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܰܛ ܶܘܫ ̱ܘ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܣܠ ܺܝܘ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫـܘ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽܪܘܓܙ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡــܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ܬܛــ ܰܘܫ �ܥܺܝــܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ܦ ܶܩــ ݂ܬ ܐܢــܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܣــ ݂ܬ ܶܡܛــܠ ܶܫ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳ� ܰܐܥ ܶܠ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܡܪ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܐ ܰܚ� ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ :‬ܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܐ ܰܙܠ‬ ‫ܥܰ ـܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܣܠܝــܘ ݁ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢ ـܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒ ـܝ ܛ ـ ݂ܒ ܛ ܶܘܫ ـ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ـ ݂ܬܪ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ�ܝـ‬ ‫ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܰܣ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܐ ܰܚ ݁ ܰܒܠ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ܺܣܝ ݂ܦ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ � ݂ܬ ܰܗܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ � ݂ܬ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠܗ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܛܪ ̱ܘ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩ ݁ ܶܕܫ ̱ܘ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܘܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳܢ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢܝ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠܗ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

X



 

 



 



Chapter  It happened, in the seventh year, on the tenth day of the fifth month, that some of the elders of Israel came to inquire of the Lord. They sat before me. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, speak with the elders of the children of Israel. Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘You come to inquire of me. 1 As I live, says the Lord of lords, I shall not speak a word to you’. Judge them, judge them, O mortal man! Show the abominations of their fathers, say to them:

Thus says the Lord of lords: On the day when I chose Israel, lifted up my hand over the seed of the house of Jacob, revealed myself to them in the land of Egypt, lifted up my hand and said to them ‘I am the Lord your God’, On that day I lifted my hand to them, so that I might take them out from the land of Egypt, to the land that I had given 2 to them, flowing with milk and honey — the glory of all countries —

I said to them: Let each look no longer at his idol, 3 do not profane yourselves with the false gods of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. But they embittered me, they did not choose to obey (me), they did not put away the idols from their sight, did not abandon the false gods of Egypt. So I said that I would pour out my anger upon them — (though) I had thought to bring to an end my anger against them, in the midst of the land of Egypt.

But I acted for the honor of 4 my name, so that it should not be defiled among the nations, for I had revealed myself to them 5 so that I might take them out from the land of Egypt. ‘You come to inquire of me’ or ‘Do you come to inquire of me?’ (as in MT). ‘that I had given to them’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘Let each look no longer at his idol’: lit. ‘Pass away each his idol from his eyes’. 4 ‘acted for the honor of’: lit. ‘took pity on’. So too e.g. 20:14. 5 ‘revealed myself to them’: lit. ‘revealed myself to them in their eyes’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܝ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܟܟ‪.‬‬

‫ܶܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܰܣܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬܘ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒـܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܒܫܢ̱ܬܐ ܫ ݂ܒܝܥܝ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܫܐܠ ܡܢ ܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܘܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܠ ܶܠ ܥܰܡ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܠ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܽܠܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܐ ݂ܬܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܐ ݁ܬܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳܘܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܕܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܝܰ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܩܘ ݂ܒ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܓܠ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠܗ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ‪ܳ �ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝܘ ܳܡܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܡܪ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܐ ܰܚ� ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ :‬ܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܶܪܗ ܶܡܢ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ �‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠܗ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܬ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟـ ܶ� ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܝ ܳܘ� ܨ ݂ ܰܒܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡـܥ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܥܒـܪ ̱ܘ ܦ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܶ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܡـ� ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـܙ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܫ ݂ܒܩܘ ܕܚܠ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܽ ̱݁ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܒܗܘܢ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܰܛـ ܰܘܫ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܓܠ ܺܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܣ ݂ܬ ܶܡܛܠ ܶܫ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

They were uprooted in rage, thrown down to the ground; the parching wind 1 dried up its fruits, the shoots of its strength were broken off and withered, fire consumed it. After this, it was planted in the wilderness, in a thirsty desolate land.

Fire spread from its choice shoots, devoured its fruits; no strong shoot was to be found in it any more, nor a rod to be a ruler: it is a lament, it will be a lament.

1

‘parching wind’: see Introduction. Addendum 3.



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܘ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ܰܐܘ ݁ܒ ܰܫ ـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܪܥ ـܐ ܶܐܫ ݁ܬ݂ ܺܕܝــܘ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܦܐ ܶ�ܝـ ̇‬ ‫ـܗ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܬܥܩ ـܪ ̱ܘ ܒܚܡ ـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ̇ܳ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܬܦܪܩ ̱ܘ ܘܝ ݂ܒܫ ̱ܘ ܚܘܛ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܘܫܢܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܘܪ ܐ ܐ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ݂ ܺܕܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܐ ݂ܬ�ܨܒ ݂ܬ ܒܡ ݂ܕܒܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܒܐܪܥܐ ܨܗܝ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ̇ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܦܐ � ̇ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܟܚ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܬ ܢܘܪ ܐ ܡܢ ܚܘܛ�ܝܗ ܓ ݂ܒܝܐ ܘܐ ݂ܟܠ ݂‬ ‫݁ܶ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܘܛܪ ܐ ܥܫܝܢܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕܢܗܘܐ ܫܠܝܛܐ‪ .‬ܐܘܠܝ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܬܗܘܐ �ܘܠܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

        

 

Now you, O mortal man, take up a lament for the noblemen of Israel. Say: What is your mother, a lion’s cub? For she lay down among lions, among lions she raised her cubs.

One of her cubs grew up and became a lion; he learnt to tear the prey, he ate a man. The nations heard the report of him; he was caught in their nets, they brought him, bridled, to the land of Egypt.

When his mother saw — for she grew weak, she lost hope for him 1 — she took (another) one of her cubs, and made him a lion. He prowled 2 with the lions, he became a lion; he learnt to tear the prey, he ate a man. He prowled in his strength, 3 he laid cities waste, destroyed the land and all that was in it 4 with the sound of his roaring.

The people from the countries around him gathered together against him; they spread their net over him, he was caught in it.

They confined him in a cage; they brought him to the king of Babylon; he imprisoned him, so that his voice would no more be heard on the mountains of Israel. Your mother was like a vine, in your blood; 5 she was planted by water, her fruits and her flowers by abundant water. She grew 6 strong shoots, for the scepters of the noblemen. Their splendor was admired 7 among her shoots; they were seen, in their magnificence, in the multitude of their branches.

‘she lost hope for him’: lit. ‘her hope for him perished’. ‘prowled’: lit. ‘walked’. 3 ‘He prowled in his strength’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘all that was in it’: lit. ‘with its fullness’. 5 ‘in your blood’: this makes little sense here, but is a literal translation of the MT. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘She grew’: lit. ‘there were to her’. 7 ‘splendor was admired’: lit. ‘height was exalted’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܝܛ‪.‬‬

‫ܽ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܐܘܠܝ ݂ܬܐ ܥܠ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢܐ ̱ܘܝ ܐܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܓܘܪ�ܐ ݂ܕܐܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܕ ݂ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܐ�ܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܐ�ܝـܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ܓ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܳܪ�ܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܝܠ ݂ܦ ܠ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ܓ� ̇ܝܗ ܘ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ݁‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܶܛ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܥܰ ̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܺ ݁‬ ‫ܬܝـܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܡـܐ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܡܨܝ ݁ܕܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܐܬܬ ܶܚـ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ ̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܙ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܐ ܶܡـܗ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟـ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܗ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܘܐ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܠـܗ ܰܣ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܢܶܣ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܓ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܬܗ ܐ ܳܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܳܪ�ܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܝܠ ݂ܦ ܠ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܠ ݂ܟ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܐ�ܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܒ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܒܡ� ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܳܩ� ݂ܕܢܶܗܡ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗܠ ݂ܟ ܒܥܘܫܢܗ‪ :‬ܘܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ـ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ ܶܡ ـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ـ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܪܣ ـ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܡܨܝ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܰܡ ـ ݂ܪܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟ ـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒ ـܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥܠ ـܗ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܚ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܝܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܫܬܡܥ ܩܠܗ ܒܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܺܢܨܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܺ ݁ :‬ܦܐ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ܘ ܰ� ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇‬ ‫ܐܡ ݂ܟ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܓ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܚܘܛ ܶ� ܐ ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܶܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܫ ݂ ̈ܒ ܶܛـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܩـ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܚ ܺܙܝܘ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܢܘ� ݁ ܶܒ ̇‬ ‫ܘܡܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





Cast off from you all the iniquity which you have perpetrated. Make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit, and you will not die, O those of the house of Israel. For I take no pleasure in the death of the dying, says the Lord of lords. Only return, and live.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫� ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܕܘ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܝܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܒ ܡܛܠ ܕ� ܨ ݂ܒܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܒܡܘܬܗ ܕܡܝ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

     

None of the sins which he has committed will be 1 remembered against him; rather, he will live in the righteousness of his deeds. 2 I do not take pleasure in the death of the sinner, says the Lord of lords, but that he should turn away from his wicked way, and live.

But if the righteous should turn away from his righteousness, act wickedly, practice abominations, as did the sinner, 3 none of his righteous deeds which he has done will be remembered on his behalf; but in the iniquity which he has perpetrated, in his sins which he has committed — in those, he will die. But you said: The ways of the Lord are not fair. Now listen! O those of the house of Israel: my ways are fair, but your ways are not. 4

But if the righteous should turn away from his righteousness, act wickedly, in the iniquity which he has perpetrated he will die. And if the wicked man should turn away from his iniquity, act justly and rightly, his soul will live.

If he should see, and turn away from all the sins which he has committed, he will surely live, he will not die.

Those of the house of Israel say: The ways of the Lord are not fair — my ways are fair, O house of Israel, but your ways are not.

Therefore according to a man’s (own) ways shall I judge you, 5 house of Israel, says the Lord of lords. Return, turn away from all your iniquity, and your sins will not be a stumbling-block for you. 6

‘None … will be’: lit. ‘All … will not’. 2 ‘of his deeds’: lit. ‘that he has done’. 3 ‘did the sinner’: lit. ‘those which the sinner did’. 4 ‘my ways are fair, but your ways are not’: lit. ‘my ways which are mine … your ways which are yours are not fair’. See too 18:29. 5 ‘according to a man’s (own) ways shall I judge you’: lit. ‘a man, according to his ways, I shall judge you’. 6 ‘your sins will not be a stumbling-block for you’: lit. ‘there will not be for you a stumbling-block for your sins’. 1



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽܪܘܢ ܶܠܗ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܳ� ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܳܛ ܳܝܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ݂ܕܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡـܢ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܗ‬ ‫݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰܘ� ܘܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܚܛ ܳܝܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ � ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܪ ܶܠـܗ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܒܥܰـܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܚܛـ ̈ܗܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܚܛܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥـ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝـܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܽܘܐܡܪܬܘܢ � ܫܦܝ�ܢ ܐܘ� ܶܚ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܠܝ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܘܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ ܺܕܝ� ݂ܟܘܢ � ܰܫ ݁ܦܝ�ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰܘ�‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܗ ݁ܒܥܰܘ� ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܳܘ� ܶܡܢ ܰ� ܳܘ ܽܠܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢܐ ܶܚܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܘܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ ܘ� ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܚܛܗܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܡܐܚܐ ܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ݁ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܳܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܠـܝ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ � ܫܦܝـ�ܢ ܐܘ�ܚـ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܶܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ ܺܕܝ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ � ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܠ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬܗ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ .‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܰܢـܘ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟܠܶـܗ ܥܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ܬܘ ܰܩܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

   

 





Oppress the poor and the needy, do harm to his companion, fail to return a pledge to its owners, set his sights on 1 idols, act abominably,

Practice usury, take interest, shall he indeed live? 2 For he has perpetrated all these evils: rather, he will surely die, and his blood will be upon his (own) head. 3

But should he father a son who will see all his father’s sins, yet does not act similarly,

Not eat upon the mountains, not lift up his eyes to the idols of the children of Israel, not defile his neighbor’s wife,

Oppress no-one, not take away a man’s pledge, indeed do no harm, give his (own) bread to the hungry, clothe the naked,

Not turn his hand away from the poor, not practice 4 usury, take no interest, 5 maintain my judgments, observe my commandments, he will not die for the iniquity of his father: rather, he will surely live. But his father, because he oppressed, did harm to his brother, did nothing good for his people — he died in his sins.

If they say: Why are the sins of the father not visited upon the son? Say to them: Because the son acted justly and rightly, and observed my commandments, he will surely live.

It is the soul that sins that will die. The sins of his father will not be visited upon the son, nor will the sins of his son be visited upon the father. He will be innocent as the innocent; 6 the sinner will bear his (own) sin. 7 For a wicked man, if he should turn away from all the sins which he has committed, observe my commandments, act justly and rightly, he will surely live, he will not die.

‘set his sights on’: lit. ‘lift up his eyes to’. See too 18:15. ‘shall he indeed live’: lit. ‘living he will not live’ preceded by ‫ ܕܠܡܐ‬which gives an interrogative phrase, expecting a negative answer. 3 ‘upon his (own) head’: lit. ‘on him’. 4 ‘practice’: lit. ‘take away’. 5 ‘interest’: lit. ‘that which is superfluous’. 6 ‘He will be innocent as the innocent’: lit. ‘The innocence of the innocent will be upon him’. 7 ‘the sinner will bear his (own) sin’: lit. ‘the sinner’s sin will be upon him’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܛܠܽــܘܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܣ ݁ ܺܟ ܳܢــܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫــܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶــ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܟ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒــ ܶܪܗ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢ ݂ ܰܦܢܶــܐ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ ܺܢܪܝܡ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܨ ܳܨ ܐ ܢܶ ܰܣـ ݂ܒ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡـܐ ܳܚ ܶܝـܐ ܳ� ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܢܘܙܶ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܪ ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܬ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܗ ܥܠܘ ̱ܗܝ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܐ� ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܚܛ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܛܘ� ܐ � ܢܶܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ‪ :‬ܘ� ܺܢܪܝܡ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ�ܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ � ܢܛܢܶ ݂ܦ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ� ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܢܶܛܠܽܘܡ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܢܐ � ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩـܘܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܳ� ܢܶـ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡـܗ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܢܬܠ ܠ ݂ܟ ݂ܦܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ�ܥܪܛ�ܝܐ ܢ�ܒܫ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܪ ܐ � ܢܶ ܰܣـ ݂ܒ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܩـܘܠ‪ :‬ܘܝܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܶܡܣ ݁ ܺܟ ܳܢـܐ � ܰܢܗ ݁ ܶܦـ ݂ܟ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪ :‬ܘܪܒܝـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܰܢܗ ܶܠـ ݂ܟ‪ܽ �ܳ :‬ܢܡـܘܬ ݁ܒܥܰـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܐ� ܶܡܐ ܳܚـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܰ� ܽܚـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܰܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܛܠ ܰܡ ܛܠܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ �‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪ܺ :‬ܡܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܺ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܘܐܢ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܐܝܟܘ � ܡ ݂ܬܦܪܥ ܒܪ ܐ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܰ݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܢܛܪ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܦܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܐ ܳܚܐ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܒܪ ܐ ݂ܕܝܢܐ ܘܙ ܕܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܝـܐ ܺܗܝ ݂ܬ ܽܡـܘ ݂ܬ‪ � .‬ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܦـ ܰܪܥ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܚܛـ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦـ� ܐ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܛ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗ‪ܳ :‬ܙ ݂ ܽܟـܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܝـܐ ܥܠܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܚܛܝـ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܚܛ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܰܪܥ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ� ܳܘ ܳ� ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐܢ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܛܪ ݁ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ ܘ� ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܝܢܐ ܘܙ ܕܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܡܐܚܐ ܢ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 

   

  

 

The word of the Lord came to me saying: O mortal man,

Why do you repeat 1 this proverb in the land of Israel? You say: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge.

As I live, says the Lord of lords, this proverb will no more be heard 2 in Israel. For all souls are mine — the soul of the father, the soul of the son, are mine, and the soul that sins will die.

But if a man will be righteous, will act justly and rightly, 3

If he did not eat upon the mountains, did not lift up his eyes to idols, to the false gods of the children of Israel, did not defile his neighbor’s wife, did not approach a menstruating woman,

Oppressed no-one, harmed no-one, returned a pledge which he had taken, gave his (own) food to the hungry, clothed the naked, 4

Did not practice 5 usury, did not pay interest, 6 turned his hand from iniquity, judged truly 7 between a man and his companion, Observed my commandments, maintained my judgments, dealt truly: having acted thus, he is righteous and he will surely live, says the Lord of lords. But should he father a lawless 8 son, shedding blood, and he should do any of these things, Should he eat upon the mountains, defile his neighbor’s wife,

‘repeat’: lit. ‘say in proverbs’ ‘this proverb … be heard’: lit. ‘speaking in proverbs this proverb’. 3 ‘will act justly and rightly’: lit. ‘do justice and righteousness’. So too passim. 4 ‘clothed the naked’: lit. ‘clothed the naked with a covering’. 5 ‘practice’: lit. ‘lend with’. So too elsewhere. 6 ‘pay interest’: lit. ‘give interest’. Similarly elsewhere. 7 ‘judged truly’: lit. ‘judged justice of truth’. 8 ‘lawless’ or ‘unrighteous’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܝܚ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢܐ ܰܡܡ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝܢ ܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܗܐ ܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܒܣ ܶ� ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܫܢ̈ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ ܳܩ ̈ܗܝܳܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ܰܡܡــ ݁ܬܠ ܰܡــ ݂ܬ� ܳܗ ܳܢــܐ‬ ‫ܰܚــܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢــܐ ܐ ܰܡــܪ ܡــܪ ܐ ܡــ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܢ ܢــ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܠـܝ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܠܝ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܘܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܝܐ ܺܗܝ ݂ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܐܢ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕܝܩ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܛـܘ� ܐ � ܐ ݂ ܰܟـܠ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ܺܪܝـܡ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ� ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ـܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ�ܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ � ܛܢܶ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܘ�ܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܦ ܳܣ ̇ܗ � ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܰܪ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܰܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ�̱ ܳܢܫ � ܛܠ ܰܡ ܰܘ�̱ ܳܢܫ � ݂ܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܺܢܝ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܗ ܠ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ�ܥܰܪܛ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ܐ� ݁ ܶܒܫ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܺܣܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ݁ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܨ ܳܨ ܐ ܳ� ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ� ܰܐܘܙܶ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܥܰـܘ� ܐܗ ݁ ܶܦـ ݂ܟ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܳܕܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܒܪ ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕܩܘܫ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܒܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܢܛܪ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽܩܘܫ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܰܝܩܐ ̱ܗܘ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐܚܐ ܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰ� ܳܘ� ܐ ܶܫ ݂ܕ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ܥܰܠ ܛܘ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢܛܢܶ ݂ܦ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





 IX









Because he despised the oaths, brought to naught the covenant, he will surrender his hand, he will not be freed — for he has done all these (things). Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: As I live, because he despised my oaths, brought to naught my covenant, I will visit it 1 upon his head.

I shall spread my net over him and he will be caught in it; I shall bring him to Babylon, to the land of the Chaldeans, and I will judge him there, for the wrong which he has done 2 me. All his noblemen, 3 all his neighbors, 4 will fall by the sword; those who remain will be scattered to the four winds. You will know that I, the Lord, have spoken. Thus says the Lord of lords: I shall take a tall (tree) from the choicest junipers. I shall pluck out its heart from its tip, I shall plant it on the high and lofty mountains. I shall plant it on the mountains of Israel, it will grow leaves and bear fruits, it will be a glorious cedar. All the winged birds will perch upon it, they will rest 5 in the shade of its branches.

All the trees of the field will know that I, the Lord, brought low the tall tree, raised up the lowly tree, made the green 6 tree wither, the withered tree put forth shoots. I, the Lord, have spoken and acted.

‘visit it’: lit. ‘make it go up’. 2 ‘wrong which he has done’: lit. ‘the iniquity which he did wrong’. 3 ‘noblemen’ or ‘freemen’. 4 ‘his noblemen … his neighbors’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘rest’: same Syriac root as ‘perch’. 6 ‘green’: lit. ‘moist’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܶܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢܫܠܡ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܨܶ ܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܕܫܛ ܡܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ .‬ܚـܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܫـܛ ܰܡـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܶܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܩ ̇‬ ‫ܝܫܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝ ̱‬ ‫ܡܨܝ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠܰـܘܗܝ ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ܺܝـܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܽܕ ܺܘܢܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܥܰܠ ܥܰܘ� ݂ ܰܕܐܥܠܝ ݂ ܺܒܝ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ ܛ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺܚܐ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪܝܢ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܰܩ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܰܒܘ ̱ܗܝ ܢܦܠܘܢ ܒܚܪ ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ܽܪܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܪܘܚ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܗ ܐܩܛـܘܡ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕܥܰ� ܶܩܐ ܳܪ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܢ ܪ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽܐܨܘ ݂ܒ ܥܰܠ ܛܘ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡܐ ܰܘܡܥܰ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܺ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܳܪܙ ܐ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝــܠ ܐܨ ݂ ܺܒܝــܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܛܥـܢ ܛ� ݂ܦـܐ ܘܢܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܦـܐ � ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢـ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܒܛـܘ� ܐ ܕ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܫ ݂ܒܝܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܫܟܢ ܒܗ ܟ� ̇ܗ ܦܪܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓܦܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܛ�� ݂ܕܣܘܟܘ ̱ܗܝ ܢܫܟܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܐܡ ݂ ܶܟـ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺܐܝ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܪܛܺܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘܥܺܝ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ܶܫ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܐ ܰܝ ݁ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  



 





Say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘It will not prosper, but its roots will be broken off, its fruits will rot and wither, all its shoots 1 will wither: without a mighty arm, without many people, he will tear 2 it from its root. See! It is planted — but it will not prosper. When the scorching wind blows on it, it withers in the clay in which it grew. 3 The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, say to the rebellious house ‘Did you not understand what these things are?’ Say to them ‘See! The king of Babylon comes to Jerusalem; he took its king and its noblemen, and brought them to Babylon’. He will take (one) from the royal lineage 4 and establish a covenant with him, swear 5 oaths to him; he took the rulers of the land so that they should not become powerful, 6

But their kingdom should be humble, and they should keep his covenant, establish it with him.

But he will rebel against him, send his messengers to Egypt so that they may give him horses, many people. But he will not prosper, will not escape, 7 he who acts thus. As I live, says the Lord of lords, in the place where I establish the king — yet he despised my oaths, brought to naught my covenant — he will die in the midst of Babylon.

Not with a great army, not even with many horses, will Pharaoh wage war on him, but with ambushes, with watch towers, he will destroy many lives.

‘shoots’: lit. ‘leaves of its sprouting’. The Syriac is different from that for ‘shoots’ in 17:6. 2 ‘tear’: lit. ‘uproot’. 3 ‘in which it grew’: lit. ‘of its sprouting’. 4 ‘royal lineage’: lit. ‘seed of the kingdom’. 5 ‘swear’: lit. ‘enter into’. 6 ‘become powerful’: lit. ‘go high’. 7 ‘escape’: lit. ‘be saved’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݂ � :‬ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܫـܪ‪ .‬ܐ� ܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܣܩـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܦܐ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫ܽ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܛ� ݂ ܶܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܘܥܺܝ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥـܐ ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܡܣܘܢ ܺܘܢܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܥܩ ܺܪ ̇ܝܗ ܶܡܢ ܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܳܪ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܺܢܨܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܐ ܳ� ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܟ ܰܫـܪ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕܢܶܫ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܘ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪ :‬ܝܳ ݂ܒ ܳܫـܐ ݁ܒ ܶܡـ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡܘܥܺܝ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ � :‬ܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ܳܡ ܳܢـܐ ܐܢ ܶܝـܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܠ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ܡܡ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܳܐܬܶܐ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ܕ ܳܒ ܶܒܠ ܽ� ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܠ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـ ̇ܗ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫݂݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܘܡܘ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܽܟ ـܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܳܘܢ ܶܣ ـ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ـܢ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܩܝــܡ ܥܰ ܶܡ ـܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ـܐܠ ܥܰ ܶܡ ـܗ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡ ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܫ ܺ� ̈ܝ ܶܛܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܡܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܡ� ݁ ܽܟܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܶܡܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܢܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܘܢ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܪ݂ܕ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܺܐܝ̈ܙ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠـܘܢ ܶܠـܗ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫـܐ ܘܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝܐܐ‪ܰ � :‬ܢ ݂ܟ ܰܫܪ ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܨܶ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܫـܛ ܰܡـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܶܛܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝ ̱‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܳܝ� ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦـ ܳ� ݂ܒ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫـܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝـܐܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܶܡـܗ ݁ ܶܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܥـܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒ ݂ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ ܰܢܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  

  





The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, propound 1 a riddle, speak a proverb, concerning those of the house of Israel,

Say ‘Thus says the Lord of lords: A great eagle, its wings magnificent, its pinions long, its talons laden, thickly feathered, 2 came to the Lebanon and took the choicest of the junipers. He plucked off the tip of its growth, and brought it to the land of Canaan, and set it in a city of merchants.

He took some of the seed of the land, and set it in the wilderness; 3 he planted it in a well-watered place, and guarded it. 4

It sprouted, it became a vine spreading low (upon the ground), 5 lying low; 6 so that its shoots might be seen upon it, its roots might develop 7 beneath it: so, it was a vine, it grew shoots, stretched forth its suckers. But See! Another great eagle, its wings magnificent and its talons strong 8 — and this vine wrapped its roots around him, set its young branches over him, so that it might water him from the clay 9 in which it was planted. In a beautiful field, by abundant waters, it was planted, so that it might grow leaves, bear fruits, and become a glorious vine.

‘propound’: lit. ‘give to hold’. ‘its talons laden, thickly feathered’: lit. ‘its talons were full, and thick were his plucked-out feathers’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘in the wilderness’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘guarded it’: lit. ‘set a watchman for it’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘spreading low (upon the ground)’: lit. ‘drooping’. 6 ‘lying low’: lit. ‘flat in stature’. 7 ‘might develop’: lit. ‘were’. 8 ‘strong’: lit. ‘many’. 9 ‘clay’ or ‘clod/mould’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܚܘ݂ܕ ܐ ܽܘܚ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܡ ݁ܬܠ ܰܡ ݂ܬ� ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫـܪ ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪܘܪ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪܝ ݂ ܺܟܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ ܶܓ� ݁ ܳܦ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ� ܳ ̈ܝܢ ܶܛ ݂ܦ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ݁ ܺܒܝܛ ܶܡܠ ݁ ܶܓـܗ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ܶܒ ܳܢـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܣـ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕܥܰ� ܶܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝ ܶܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܶܡܗ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܓ ܶ� ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩܛܡ ܪܝܫ ܡܪ ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܡـܝ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܢܶܨ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝـܐܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ܳܡ ̇ܗ � ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘܢ ܰܫ ݁ ܽܒـ ̈ܘ ܶܩ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‬ ‫ܘܝܥ ݂ܬ ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܓ ݂ܦـܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܪܥܰـ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ܰ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟܝ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܬ ܰܩـܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܗ ܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚـܘ ݂ܬܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܶ�ܝـ ̇‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܓ ݂ ܶܦـ ݁ܬܐ ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܫ ݁ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܶܩـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܛ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܥ ܳܢ ܶܩ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪܘܪ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܢ ܛ ݂ܦ ܰ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܓ ݁ ܶܦـ ݁ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܐܟܪ ܰܟ ݀ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܠܰـܘܗܝ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܡܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܩ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܶܡـܢ ܶܡـ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܬ ܥ ܶ ܳܩ� ̇ܝܗ ܥܠܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܢܶܨ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܩ� ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ ܺܢܨܝ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܛ� ݂ ܶܦܐ ܘ ݂ܬܶܛܥܰـܢ ݁ ܺܦـܐ ܶ� ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܒܚ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݂ܓ ݂ܦܬܐ ܫ ݂ܒܝܚܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

 

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: I do to you as you have done, for you have despised my oaths, you have brought to naught my covenant. But I shall remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth: I shall establish an eternal covenant with you. You will recall your ways and be ashamed, for I have taken your sisters, the elder and the younger, and given them to you (as) daughters — (though) not on account of 1 your covenant. I shall establish my covenant with you, and you will know that I am the Lord.

For you will remember (your ways) and be ashamed, never again will you open your mouth, for shame, when I have forgiven you all that you have done, says the Lord of lords.

1

‘on account of’: lit. ‘from’.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܛ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܫܛ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܡ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܶܛܠ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩܝ ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܛ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܩܝܡ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ‬ ‫ܣ ܐܢܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܐܬܕ ݂ܟܪ ܩܝܡ ̱ܝ ܕܥܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܕ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܥܠ ܰܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܙ ܽܥـܘܪ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܐ ܘ ݂ܬܥܗ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܒܗ ݂ܬܝܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܢܶܣ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܬ � ̈ܚـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠܩܫܝܫـ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ� ܶܡܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܝܗܒ ݂ܬ ܐܢܝܢ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܒܢ ݂‬ ‫ܣܒ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝܡ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܣܓ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝܢ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܒܗ ݂ ܺܬܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ܺܚܝܢ ݁ ܽܦـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ݂ܒ ܶܩ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 





 

 



This was the iniquity of Sodom, your proud sister: she had enough 1 food, she lived at ease, she and her daughters, she did not take hold of the hand of the poor and the needy. But they were haughty, they did evil in my sight: when I saw what they were like 2 I overthrew them.

Samaria has not sinned even half as much as you have sinned; 3 your abominable practices exceed theirs: you have justified your sisters with all your abominable practices. So, also, acknowledge your shame, for you have justified your sisters with your sins, you are more profaned than are they, they are more righteous than are you: you should be ashamed, should acknowledge 4 your disgrace, for your sisters are more righteous than you are. I shall bring back their captivity, the captivity of Sodom and of her daughters, the captivity of Samaria and of her daughters, I shall make you captive among them,

So that you will acknowledge your shame, your disgrace in everything that you have done to enrage me. 5

Your sister Sodom and her daughters will be established as before, Samaria and her daughters will be established as before — and you and your daughters will be as before. Was not your sister Sodom a byword 6 in your mouth in the days of your arrogance?

(That was) before your evil was revealed, like the shame 7 of the daughters of Edom, and all the daughters of the Philistines around her, who treated her with contempt. You have borne your sins, your abominable practices, says the Lord of lords.

‘had enough’: lit. ‘was filled with’. ‘what they were like’: lit. ‘these things in them’. 3 ‘you have sinned’: lit. ‘your sins’. 4 ‘acknowledge’ or ‘accept/be put to’. So passim. 5 ‘to enrage me’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 6 ‘byword’: lit. ‘report’. 7 ‘shame’: a different Syriac word from that in e.g. 16:54. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ ܘܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܣ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܳܗ ܰܢܘ ܥܰـܘ� ݂ ܰܕܣـ ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܓܐܝـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܶܫ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܺܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ̈ܣ ݁ ܺܟܢܶܐ � ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ݁ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܬ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܢ ܐ� ܐܬܬܪܝܡ ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܛ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܢܐ ܫܡܪܝܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܦܠܓܐ ݂ܕܚܛܗܝܟ ̱ܝ �‬ ‫ܢܗܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰܘܙ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ � ̈ܚ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݁ܕܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܢܒ ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ̱ܝ ܩܒܠܝ ܒܗܬܬ ݂ܟܝ‪ :‬ܕܙ ݂ܟܝܬܝ �ܚـܘܬ ݂ܟܝ ܒ‬ ‫ܶ ̱ ܶ ܶ ݁ ݂ܰ ݁ ܰ ̱ ܰ ݁ ܺ ̱ ܶ ܶ ݂ ܳ ̱ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܝܪ ܶܡ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܠـܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܢܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܘܗܰܢܝـܢ ܶ ܐܙܕ ܕܩ ܝܬܝـܪ ܡܢ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢ̱ـܬ ̱ܝ ܒـܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܩܒ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܚ ݂ܦܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐܙ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܰܕܩ ܐ ̈ܚ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܪܝــܢ‬ ‫ܢܓ ܰܘܐܗ ݁ܦــ ݂ܟ ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝــܢ‪ :‬ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝــ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܣــ ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢــ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܫ ݂ܒܝــ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ ܶܒܐ ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܦ ܺܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܓ ܺܙ ܳܝܢ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ̈ܩ ܳܢܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܺܕܝܡ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܢܗ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܣ ݂ܕܘܡ ܘ ݂ܒܢ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ̈ܩ ܳܢܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܝܡ‪ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܒܢ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܬܗܘܝܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܝܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠ ܶܛ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܘ ܳܘ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ܽܐܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܣ ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܚ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶܚܣـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ ܰܐ݂ ܽܕܘܡ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܢܙ ܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܓـ� ݂ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܦ ܶ� ̈ܫ ݁ܬ�ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳ�ܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ � ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܫܝ�ܢ ̱ܗܘܝ � ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ܰܛܢ ݁ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܘ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

 







They will burn you in a fierce fire, 1 make you an example to 2 many women. I shall bring to an end 3 your harlotry, you will no more give a reward (to your lovers).

I shall end 4 my anger against you, withdraw my jealousy 5 from you, I shall be at rest, no more will I be furious (with you).

For you did not remember the days of your youth, you enraged me in all these (ways). See! Truly I have visited upon you 6 your ways, says the Lord of lords, for you have done abominable things, you have been a harlot. 7 All who use proverbs will use a proverb against you: they will say ‘Like mother, like daughter’. 8

You are your mother’s daughter: she forsook her husband and children. You are your sisters’ sister, they forsook their men and their children: your mother was a Hittite, your father was an Amorite. Your older sister is Samaria, she and her daughters who live on your left hand; your younger sister who lives on your right hand is Sodom and her daughters.

Yet you did not follow their ways, you did not practice their abominations: after a little while your perversion exceeded theirs 9 in all your ways. As I live, says the Lord of lords, your sister Sodom, she and her daughters, have not done as you have done, and your daughters.

‘in a fierce fire’: lit. ‘in the midst of a fire’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘an example to’: lit. ‘judgments in the eyes of’. 3 ‘bring to an end’: lit. ‘withdraw you from’. 4 ‘end’: lit. ‘give rest to’. 5 ‘withdraw my jealousy’: lit. ‘my jealousy will pass over’. 6 ‘visited upon you’: lit. ‘requited on your head’. 7 ‘for you have done abominable things, you have been a harlot’: lit. ‘for you have done abominable things, and harlotry’. See Introduction. Addendum 3. 8 ‘Like mother, like daughter’: lit. ‘The daughter like mother’. 9 ‘your perversion exceeded theirs’: lit. ‘you twisted more than them’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܐ ܰܘܢـܘܩ ܽܕܘܢܶܟܝ ݁ܒ ܰܓـܘ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒـ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶـܐ �ܥܺܝــܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝـܐ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ ݂ ̱ ݂‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒܛܠ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝܢ ܰܐܓܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܰܘܐܢ ܺܝܚ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ܘ� ܐܪ ݁ܓܙ ܬܘ ݂ܒ‪.‬‬ ‫ܛܢ ̱‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ݁ܒ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܓ ܥܠ ܕ� ܐܬܕ ݂ܟܪܬ ̱ܝ ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܛ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ‬ ‫�ܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ ܶܓܙ ݁ܬ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܶܦܪܥܶـ ݂ܬ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒܪܝܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐܡـܪ ܡـܪ ܐ ܡـ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥـܠ ܕܥ ݂ܒـ ݁ܕܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ܳܘܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܠ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܕ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡܡ ݁ܬܠ ܡ ݂ܬ� ܥܠܝܟ ̱ܝ ܢܡ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗ ݁ ܰܒܪܬ ܶܐ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬܝ‪ܳ :‬ܫ ݂ܒ ܰܩ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ̇ܗ ܰܘ ݂ ̈ܒܢܶ ̇‬ ‫ܘܚـ ݂ܬܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕܐ ̈ܚـ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܰܒـܩ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪:‬‬ ‫̱ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ܰ ̱ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܘܐ ܽܒܘ ܶܟܝܢ ܳܐ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ�ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܓ ݂ܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ܘ ݂ܒ�ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܡ ݂ܟܝܢ ܚܝ ݂ܬܝ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܫ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ‪ܺ :‬ܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܶܣ ܳܡܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܘ ܘܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܩܫܝܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ̈ ̇ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܙ ܽܥܘܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܡܢ ܝܡܝܢ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܣ ݂ܕܘܡ ܘ ݂ܒܢ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡܙ ܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܛܢ ݁ ̈ܦـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܰـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ ܶ ܶ ܰ݁ܶ ݁ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܩܠܝܠ ܘܝܬܝܪ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܚܒܠܬ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܣـ ݂ ܽܕܘܡ ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܺܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

  









For you have built your brothels at the head of every street, your high places in every street; yet you were not even like the paid 1 prostitute. Nor even like the adulterous wife who takes from strangers.

They give rewards to all harlots: but you gave a reward to all your lovers: you bribed them with your fornication, so that they would come to you from all around.

You were marked out 2 from (other) women in your harlotry, in that you gave a reward, they did not pay you. Therefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord.

Thus says the Lord of lords: Since you have put faith in 3 your brass, 4 revealed your nakedness while fornicating with your lovers, with all the idols of your abominable practices, given them your children’s blood —

Because of this, See! I am assembling all your lovers, in whom you have taken pleasure, all whom you loved together with those whom you hated: I shall unite 5 them against you, from all around, I shall reveal your nakedness in their sight, they will see all your nakedness. I shall judge you with the judgment of adulteresses, with the judgment of those who shed blood, I shall give you over to blood, to rage, and to jealousy. I shall deliver you up into their hands, they will destroy your brothels, break down your idols’ shrines, strip you of your garments, 6 take the garments 7 of your glory, leave you naked. They will bring up crowds against you, stone you, strike you with their swords.

‘paid’: lit. ‘gathers a reward/hire’. ‘were marked out’ or ‘distinguished yourself’: lit. ‘separated yourself’. 3 ‘put faith in’: lit. ‘given’. 4 ‘your brass’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘unite’: same Syriac root as in ‘assembling’. 6 ‘strip you of your garments’: lit. ‘strip your garments’. 7 ‘garments’2 or ‘vessels/utensils’: different Syriac word from the preceding ‘garments’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܺ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫� ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܢܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܓ ̈ܝ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܪܝܫ ܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܥ�ܘ̈ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܽܫـܘܩ‪ .‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܦ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܟܢ ܳܫܐ ܐ ݂ܓ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܒ ܐ ݂ܦ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܝܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢܣ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܳ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܝܳܗ ݁ ܺܒܝــܢ ܰܐܓ ـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܐܓ ـ ܳܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܝــܢ ܙ�ܝ ـ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ݂ ܶܽ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܫܚܕܬ ̱ܝ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܙܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܕܢܐ ݂ܬܘܢ �ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܡܢ ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܚ ݂ܕ �ܝܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠܕ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶܪܫ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ ݂ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܒـ ܳܗܝ ݁ܕܝܳܗ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܓـ ܳܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܓـ ܳܪ ܐ �‬ ‫ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳܳ ܳܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܙ ܢܝ ݂‬ ‫ܫܡ ̱‬ ‫ܠܘ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܢܚ ܶܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܓܠ ܰܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܦـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܶܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܽ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݂ܶ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܳܙ ܽܢܝـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܥـܠ ܟ�ــܗܘܢ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ� ܐ ܛܢܦـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܡـܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܙ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕܨ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܪ ܶܚܡ ـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ـܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܢܝ ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶـܫ ܐ ܽܢ ـܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ـ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ـܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܓ ـ�‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܶܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܶܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܚ ܶܘܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢܶ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓ ܳ�ـ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝܠ ܶܝــܢ ݁ ܳܕ ̈‬ ‫ܐܫـ ݁ ܳܕܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܚܡ ݂‬ ‫ܠܛ ܰܘܐܫ ܶ‬ ‫�ܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣܚ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ̈ܝ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥܩـ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ܦ ܰ� ݁ ܰܟܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܢܫ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܰܫܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܣ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܪܛܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܚܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܰܦ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܩܘܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܟܢ̈ ܶܫܐ ܘܢܶܪ ݁ܓ ܽܡܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܶܦܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch.  VIII

     

 

  

You took the sons and the daughters whom you had borne to me: you sacrificed them, as food — as well as 1 your fornication. You slew my children, and gave (them) to them, when you committed vile deeds 2 with them. In all your abominations, your fornication, you did not recall the days of your youth, when you were naked and cold, weltering in blood.

After all your evil (deeds) — Woe is you, woe is you! — says the Lord of lords,

You built yourself brothels, 3 you made yourself high places in every street.

At the head of every street 4 you have built shrines to your idols, polluted your beauty, offered yourself 5 to all who pass by, fornicated more and more.

You fornicated with the sons of Egypt, your gross 6 neighbors, fornicated more and more, enraged me.

I raised my hand against you, I destroyed your precepts, I delivered you up into the hands of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who restrained 7 your lewd way. 8 You fornicated with the sons of Assyria, and you were not satisfied.

You fornicated more and more in the land of Canaan and of the Chaldeans, yet even with these you were not satisfied.

Why should I acquit your daughter? 9 says the Lord of lords, for you have done these (deeds), all the deeds of a harlot, a headstrong woman. ‘as well as’ or ‘besides’. ‘vile deeds’: lit. ‘excesses’. 3 ‘brothels’: lit. ‘a house of brothels’. So too 16:31. 4 ‘the head of every street’: lit. ‘every head of the ways’. So too v. 31. 5 ‘offered yourself’: lit. ‘stretched out your feet’. 6 ‘gross’: lit. ‘large in flesh’. 7 ‘restrained’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 8 ‘lewd way’: lit. ‘ways of fornication’. 9 ‘Why should I acquit your daughter’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫ܨܚ ܚ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕܝܠ ܶ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܰܒܚ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟ ܘܢܣ ݂ܒܬ ̱ܝ ܒ�� ܶܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܒܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܤܛܪ ܶܡܢ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܟܣ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ܐܫ ݁ܬ ܰܪܚ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ـ ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦ ـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܙܢܝ ـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ � :‬ܐܬܕ ݂ܟ ـܪܬ ̱ܝ ܝ ـܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܛ‬ ‫�ܝ ـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪܛ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܘܥܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰܘܡ ݂ ܰܦ� ݁ܦ� ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܘܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܳܘܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܡܢ ܳܒـ ݂‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥ�ܘ̈ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܫܘܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܕ ݁ܒ ܰܢܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ̈ܝ ݁ ܶܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܛܢܶ ݂ܦ ݁‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܦ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܫܛـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܺܪܝܫ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܢܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܦ ܰ� ݁ ܰܟܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝـܢ ܫ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈� ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܰܒـܝ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣـܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܙ ܽܢܝـܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ݁ ܶܓܙ ݁ܬ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܡ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶ‬ ‫ـܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܠܡ ݁ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ܕ ܳܣܢ̈ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶ� ̈ܫ ݁ܬ�ܶܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ̈ܟ ܳܣܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܰܘܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ‪ :‬ܘ� ܣ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܛ ܰܘܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝــ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܙ ܽܢܝــܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰــܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥــܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ــܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܦ ݁ܒ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ �‬ ‫ܣ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܠ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ̈ܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܪܚ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܐܢ ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܙ ܢܝ ݂ܬܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

   

  



 

I clothed you in embroidered fabrics, I shod you with sandals, I gave you a white linen girdle, 1 I covered you in a garment of fine linen. I adorned you with decoration, put bracelets on your hands, a necklace around your neck,

(Set) beryls on your forehead, 2 ear-rings in your ears, a crown of glory on your head.

You were adorned with gold, with gems, clothed in white linen, in purple, in embroidered fabrics; you ate fine (meal), honey, and oil. You were wonderfully fair, you were respected 3 in the kingdoms. Your beauty was famed 4 among the nations, for the crown of my glory which I had set upon you, says the Lord of lords. But you trusted in your beauty, you fornicated in your name, you fornicated 5 with all who passed by. You took some of my garments, you made yourself idols, 6 you fornicated with them. You will not bring (them) in, they will not be yours. 7

You took instruments 8 of your glory, from the gold and silver that I gave to you. You made yourself male images, and fornicated with them. You took your decorated articles to decorate them; 9 you set before them my oil and my incense. The bread which I gave you, fine flour, honey, oil for food, you set before them as a sweet savor, says the Lord of lords.

‘gave you a … girdle’: lit. ‘bound your loins with’. ‘(Set) beryls on your forehead’: lit. ‘(Set) beryls between your eyes’. See Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘respected’ or ‘prospered’: lit. ‘of good report’. 4 ‘Your beauty was famed’: lit. ‘The name of your beauty went out’. 5 ‘fornicated’2: lit. ‘poured out your fornication’. 6 ‘idols’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 7 ‘You will not bring (them) in, they will not be yours’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 8 ‘instruments’: lit. ‘implements/vessels/articles’. 9 ‘to decorate them’: lit. ‘and covered them’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܰ ܶ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣܢ̈ܶــܐ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟــ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣــܪ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܝ ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܒــ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐ� ݁ ܶܒܫ ݁ܬ ݂ܟــ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܟــܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܐܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܚ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܢܝ ܳܟܐ ܒ ܰܨ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ݂ܬ ܺܫܐ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܘܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܨܒܬܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܨ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܺ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ܽ�ܘ� ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܩ ݂ ܳܕ ̈ܫܐ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܠܝ� ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ݁ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܨ ܛ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܚ ܽܡـܘܪ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܒܫـܬ ̱ܝ ܒـ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܟـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܫܚــܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܟܠــ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ݂ ܰܦــܪ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܛــ ݂ܒ ܳܛــ ݂ܒ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܢܫܝ ݂ ܳܦــܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫــܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܨܠܚــ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܡ� ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܝ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܠܫܘ ݂ܦ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܟܠܝ� ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶܟܠ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܫ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܙ ܽܢܝܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܩ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪݂ � :‬ܬܥܠܝـܢ‬ ‫ܰܘܢ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܰܫܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ� ܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳܢ ݁ ܺܕܝܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ݁ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܺܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܐ ݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܨܠ ̈ܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ܶ� ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܙ ܢ ܺܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܫܚـܝ ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܰܡـܝ ܳܣܡـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܘܢܣ ݂ܒܬ ̱ܝ ܡܐ ܢܐ ݂ܕܨ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̱‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫܚـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ݂ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܢܫܝ ݂ ܳܦܐ ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟـܘܠ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܣܡ ݁ܬܝـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ �ܪܝܚܐ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  





 





The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, make Jerusalem know its abominable practice.

Say: Thus says the Lord of lords to Jerusalem ‘Your root, 1 your nativity, were from the land of Canaan: your father was an Amorite, your mother a Hittite’.

Your birth: on the day that she gave birth to you, she did not cut your cord, 2 she did not wash you in water, she did not put salt on you, 3 she did not wrap you in swaddling clothes.

Her eye did not take pity on you, so that she would do any of these things for you, have mercy on you. Rather, you were cast out into the field, your life judged worthless, 4 on the day that she gave birth to you. I passed by you, I saw that you weltered in your blood: I said to you ‘In your blood, live,

Increase, as the plants in the field’. You increased, grew great, you entered the cities; 5 your breasts matured, your hair grew long, 6 yet you were naked and cold. 7

I passed by you, I saw you, that you were of 8 marriageable age. I spread my hand 9 over you, I covered your shame, 10 I swore to you, I entered into a covenant with you, says the Lord of lords: you were mine. I washed you in water, I washed away your blood from you, I anointed you with oil.

‘root’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 2 ‘cord’: lit. ‘navel’. 3 ‘she did not put salt on you’: lit. ‘with salt she did not season you’. 4 ‘your life judged worthless’: lit. ‘in depreciation of your life’. 5 ‘you entered the cities’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘matured … grew long’: lit. ‘stood … sprouted’. 7 ‘cold’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 8 ‘you were of’: lit. ‘your time was the time of’. 9 ‘my hand’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 10 ‘shame’ or ‘nakedness’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܝܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐܘܕܥ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ �‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳܬܐ ܽ� ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܶܪ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܕܟ ܰܢܥܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܽܒܘܟܝ ܳܐ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ�ܐ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܚܝ ݂ܬܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂݂‬ ‫݂ ݂ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـــܐ ݂ܕܝܰܠ ܶ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ‪ܶ ݂ � :‬ܦ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܣܩـــ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܶܫ ܶܪ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܡܝـــܐ �‬ ‫ܘܡـــܘ� ݂ܕ ܢܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫�ܚܐ � ܡܠ ܰܚ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܰܙ ܽܪܘ� ܐ � ݂ܟ ܰܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܚܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܡ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܳܚ ܰܣ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ܳܝܢ ̇ܗ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܶܚܡ ܥܠܝܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܥܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܩܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐܫ ݁ܬ݂ ܺܕܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܝܰܠ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܦ� ݁ܦܠ ܰ ـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܡـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ـ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠܝ ݁ܟ ـ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܚܙܝ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܝܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܣ ܳ ݂ܓܝ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܡܘܥܺܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܩ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܣ ܰ ݂ܓܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܘܪ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܘܥܰܠـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܛܠ ܘܥܰܪܝܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܬ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܩܡ ̱ܘ ܘܣܥܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܝܥܐ‪ :‬ܘܗܘܝܬ ̱ܝ ܥ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ܰܙ ݂ܒܢܶ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܙ ܳܪܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܣـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠܝܟ ̱ܝ ܘܚܙܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣ ܶܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܝ ܳܡܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ‬ ‫ܝܡܝ ݂ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ݂ܬ ܥܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܒ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܚܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܫܝ ݂ܶܓ ݂ܬ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܡܫܚ‬ ‫ܘܐܣܚܝ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

     





The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, how is the wood 1 of the vine better than 2 all (other) wood, the shoot of the vine which was among the trees of the forest.

Is wood taken from it to make something useful, 3 or a peg made from it on which to hang vessels?

But the fire was fed with it, 4 the fire devoured its two ends, destroyed its middle part. Can anything be made from it? 5 Even when it was whole, 6 it was not suitable for woodwork; now that the fire has devoured it, destroyed it, how can it be useful? Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: As I gave the wood of the vine, of all the trees of the forest, as fuel for the fire — so have I given the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

I shall vent my anger on them: they will go out from the fire, yet a fire will devour them. You will know that I am the Lord, when I have vented 7 my anger on them.

I shall make the land desolate, struck dumb: 8 for they have acted wrongly, says the Lord of lords.

‘how is the wood’: lit. ‘what will be to the wood’. ‘better than’: lit. ‘from’. 3 ‘something useful’: lit. ‘a work’. 4 ‘the fire was fed with it’: lit. ‘it was given as food to the fire’. 5 ‘can anything be made from it’: lit. ‘does it go for work?’. 6 ‘whole’: lit. ‘without blemish’. 7 ‘vent … I have vented’: two different Syriac roots are involved. 8 ‘struck dumb’: lit. ‘a torpor’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢܐ ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܓ ݂ ܶܦـ ݁ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܺܩܝـܣ‪ :‬ܫ ݂ܒܫـ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ܶܣܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ܠ ܶܡܥ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢܶـܗ ܥ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܐܘ ܳܢܣ ݁ ܺܒܝـܢ ܶܡ ܳܢـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ� ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܣ ݁ܟ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܶܐ ݂ܟܠܰـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܰܣـ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܟ ̇‬ ‫ܐ� ܐ ݂ܬܝܰܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟـܘܠܬܐ �ܢـ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܰܓـ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܰܠܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܘ ܶܚܪ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕܳ� ܽܡܘܡ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ � ܐ ܙ ̱� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܠܥ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܗܫـܐ ݂ܕܐ ݂ܟܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܰܠܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܓ ݂ ܶܦـ ݁ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫�ܢ ـ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܽ‬ ‫�ܥ ܽܡ ـܘ� ̇ܝܗ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢ ـܐ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܰܩ ̈ܝ ܶܣ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܠ‬ ‫݁ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܽܪܘܓܙܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘ ܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫݂ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܡ ݂ܬ ܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܺ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܐ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܥܰܘ� ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܬܠܝܗ �ܪܥܐ ܠܚ ݂ܒ� ܘܠ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 VII







And Noah, Daniel, and Job were in its midst — as I live, says the Lord of lords, they would save neither son nor daughter, but they, by their righteousness, would save their (own) soul. For thus says the Lord of lords: I have visited 1 four dreadful judgments on Jerusalem: the sword, famine, a wild beast, and plague, and I shall cast out from it (both) man and beast. But there will be left in it those who are saved, who bring forth sons and daughters. They will go forth to you, you will see their ways, their way of life, 2 and will be consoled for the evil which I have brought upon Jerusalem and (for) everything that I have brought upon it. They will comfort you, when you see their ways, their way of life, and you will know that not in vain have I done all that I have done to it, says the Lord of lords.

‘visited’: lit. ‘sent’. 2 ‘way of life’: lit. ‘craft/stratagem’. So too 14:23. 1



‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܽܘܢܘܚ ܘ݂ ܳܕ ܺ� ܶܝܐܝܠ ܺܘ ܽܐܝܘ ݂ܒ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ݂ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬܐ ܢ ݂ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ� ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܢ ݂ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ ܙ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܺܢܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܺܫܝܢ ܰܫ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡܘ ݁ ܳܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܪ ܒܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܦܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܚܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܫ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘܢܫܬܚܪܘܢ ܒܗ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ‬ ‫ܝܠܝܢ ܕܡ ݂ܬܦܨܝܢ ܕܡܦܩܝܢ ܒ ܶ�ܝܐ ܘ ݂ܒܢـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܚܙܘܢ ܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܘܨ�ܥ ݂ܬܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܒܝܐܘܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܬܐ ݂ܕܐܝܬܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܐܝ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܒ ܽܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘܢ ܽܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܨ� ̈ ܳܥـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ܕ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳܓـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

 













And the prophet, if he should err, if he should speak a word — I, the Lord, have made that prophet err. I shall raise up my hand against him, I shall cast him out from the midst of my people Israel. They will bear their iniquity: the iniquity of him who asks — it will be like the iniquity of the prophet.

No more will those of the house of Israel stray from me; no more will they be corrupted by all their iniquity, but they will be my people and I shall be their God, says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, if the land should sin against me, act iniquitously before me, I shall raise up my hand against it, I shall break the staff 1 of grain within it, I shall send famine upon it, I shall cast out from it (both) man and beast. But if there should be these three men in it, Noah, Daniel, and Job, they by their righteousness will (only) save their (own) souls, says the Lord of lords.

If I should cause a wild beast to fall 2 upon the land and lay it waste, so that it would be desolate, no-one passing through because of the beast,

And these three men were in it — as I live, says the Lord of lords, they would save neither sons nor daughters, but would save only themselves, 3 and the land would be desolate. If I should cause the sword to come upon that land, and say that the sword shall pass through that land, and cast out from it (both) man and beast,

And these three men were in it — as I live, says the Lord of lords, they would save neither sons nor daughters, but would save only themselves. If I should send a plague upon that land, pour out my anger upon it in blood, cast out from it (both) man and beast,

‘staff’: lit. ‘reed/stalk’. ‘fall’: lit. ‘come’. 3 ‘but would save only themselves’ or ‘they alone would be saved’. So too 14:18. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܐܛܥܺܝـ ݂ܬܗ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܺܒ ܳܝـܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺܐܪܝـܡ‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܒܝܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܢܛܥܐ ܘܢܡܠܠ ܡܠ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܢܐ ܡ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܡܫܐܶܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܫܩܠܽܘܢ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܺܒ ܳܝܐ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ݁ܕ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ ܶܡܢـ‬ ‫ܛܥ ـܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ـܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܶ ݁ܬܛܢ ݂ ܽܦ ـܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ـܗ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ� ܢܗܘܘܢ ܠܝ ܥܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܢܐ ܐܗܘܐ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܐܢ ݁ܬܚܛܐ ܺܠܝ ܘ ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰܘ� ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܺܪܝܡ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐ‬ ‫̇ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺܝܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ܕܪ ܥܠ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܬ ܳܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝـܢ‪ܽ :‬ܢـܘܚ ܘ݂ ܳܕ ܺ� ܶܝܐܝـܠ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܽܐܝـܘ ݂ܒ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܢ ݂ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫ ܽܗܘܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕ ̇‬ ‫ܘܐܢ ܐܝܬܐ ܚܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܫܬܐ ܥܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ� ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒܠܰـܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢ ݂ ܰܦـ ܽܨܘܢ �‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫�ܚܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ .‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܒ�ܝܐ ܘ� ܠ ݂ܒܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܗܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ܳܗܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘܐܢ ܐܝ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺܝܪ ܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢ ݂ ܰܦـ ܽܨܘܢ �‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ‬ ‫�ܚܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ ݂ܒ�ܝܐ ܘ� ܠ ݂ܒܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܢ ܶܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܡܘ ݁ ܳܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܳܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫـܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  



 





Some 1 of the elders of Israel came to me to hear what the Lord would say. 2 They sat before me. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, these men have given their false god a place in their heart, 3 set before their faces the stumbling-block of iniquity: shall I make them pay? 4 Therefore speak with them, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Each man of the house of Israel who gives his false god a place in his heart, sets before his face the stumbling-block of his iniquity, and comes to (consult) a prophet — I the Lord shall be witness against him, in the multitude of his false gods’. For I shall seize hold of the hearts of those of the house of Israel who have withdrawn from me with all their false gods. Therefore say to those of the house of Israel: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘Return, turn away from all your false gods, turn your face away from all your abominations’.

For the Israelite, and those who turn to me, who live in Israel, 5 but will turn away from me and give his false god a place in his heart, and set before his face the stumbling-block of his iniquity, and come to the prophet to inquire of him — I the Lord shall be a witness for him. I shall vent 6 my fury on that man, I shall make him a sign and a proverb, I shall cast him out from the midst of my people. You will know that I am the Lord.

‘Some’: lit. ‘men’. 2 ‘to hear what the Lord would say’: lit. ‘to ask of/from the Lord’. 3 ‘have given their false god a place in their heart’: lit. ‘raised up their false god upon their heart’. 4 ‘make them pay’ or ‘take vengeance on them’. See Introduction. Addendum 3. 5 ‘those who turn to me, who live in Israel’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 6 ‘vent’: lit. ‘put’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܝܕ‪.‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܶܡܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ ܰܬܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰܫܐܠ ܶܡـܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫ ـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܓ ݂ܒ ـ ܶ� ܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܐ ܶܣܩ ـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܕܚܠ ܰ ـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰ ـܠ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ܰܩܠ ـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ ܳܣܡ ̱ܘ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܰܡܠ ܶܠ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰܢ ܶܣـܩ ݁ ܶܕܚܠـ ݂ܬܗ ܥܰـܠ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ܰܩܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܣܝܡ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢܐ ݂ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܺ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܣܗ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ݂ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢـܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܽܐܚܘ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ܒ� ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܦ ܰܪܩـ ̱ܘ ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܰܢـܘ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ܳ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ݂ܦ ܰܢܘ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܰܐܝܠ ܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܢܶܝـܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܺܒܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‪ :‬ܕܢܗܦـܘ ݂ܟ ܡܢـ‬ ‫ـܝ ܘܢܣـܩ ܕܚܠـ ݂ܬܗ ܥـܠ ܠܒـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘܩܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܺܳ ܰ ܰܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܣܝܡ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢـܐ ݂ܬܐ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܢ ݂ܒܝـܐ ܠ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܽܠـܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܶܠܗ ܳܣܗ݁ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡـ ݂ܬ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܗܘ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܘ ̱ܗܝ � ݂ܬܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܥܰ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 











You have corrupted my people with handfuls of barley, with crusts of bread, to kill those souls who do not deserve to die and to save the lives of those souls who do not deserve to live. 1 You deceive the people who listen to falsehood.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: See! I detest 2 your cloths with which you hunt for souls; I shall tear them from your arms and free the souls which you hunt. I shall let them fly. I shall tear your garments, I shall deliver my people from your hands, no more will they be entrapped 3 by your hands. You will know that I am the Lord.

Since you strike the hearts of the righteous with treachery, though I did not make them 4 suffer, and hold fast to the hands of the iniquitous, who have not turned from their evil ways so that they might live, From now on you will see no more emptiness, divine no further divinations, I shall deliver my people from your hands. You will know that I am the Lord.

‘do not deserve to die … not deserve to live’: lit. ‘are not guilty to die … not guilty to live’. 2 ‘detest’: lit. ‘am against’. 3 ‘entrapped’: lit. ‘delivered into a net’. 4 ‘them’: lit. ‘him’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܟ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ݁ ܰܕ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܨܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳ�ܥܰܝ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܪ ܐ ܰܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝܠܝܢ‬ ‫ܒܗܘܢ ܢ ݂ ܶܦܫ ݂‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݂ܦ ܰܪܚ ܐܢ ܶܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܶܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܨܪ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡــܘܢ‬ ‫ܡــܝ ܶܡــܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܶܟܝــܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܢܫ‬ ‫ܡ ܰܐ� ̈� ݁ ܶܟܝــܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܦ ܶــܨܶ ܐ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܰܒܡ ܺܨܝ ݁ܕ ݁ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ̈ܕ ܳܥܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣܢ̈ ݁ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫ܡܚ ̈ܝ ݁ܬܝܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢܐ � ܐ ݂ ܶܟܐ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬܗ‪ :‬ܘܚ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܥܠ ܕ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ�ܘ�‪݁ :‬ܕ� ܢܗܦ ݂ܟܘܢ ܡܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ݁ܒܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ܘܢܐ ܽܚܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ � ݂ܬ ̈ܚܙܝܳܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܩ‬ ‫ܡـܝ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܨܡܐ � ݂ܬܩ ̈ܨ ܳܡـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܦـܨܶ ܐ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܺܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܶܟܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ̈ܕ ܳܥܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܨ ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܨ ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝـܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ‪:‬‬

Ch. 

  











Say to those who plastered it so that it would fall: See! I bring overwhelming rain, falling hailstones, and a whirlwind. 1 The wall will be broken and will fall, and to you it will be said: Where is the plaster with which you plastered (it)?

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: I shall make the whirlwind blow in my anger, the overwhelming rain in my fury, in my anger the hailstones will wreak destruction.

I shall demolish the wall which you plastered, it will fall; I shall throw it to the ground, its foundations will be revealed — and you will fall, you will be overthrown in its midst. You will know that I am the Lord.

I shall expend 2 my fury on the wall and on those who were plastering it when it fell, and you will be asked: 3 Where is the wall? 4 Where are those who were plastering it? These are the prophets of Israel who prophesy concerning Jerusalem, who see visions of peace for it, though there is no peace, says the Lord of lords.

And you, O mortal man, set your face against the daughters of your people, who prophesy from their (own) hearts. Prophesy against them, say to them:

Thus says the Lord of lords: Woe to those who sew together cloths for the wrists, 5 who make coverings for the heads of persons of all statures, 6 to hunt for souls — you hunt for the souls of my people, and keep alive your own souls.

‘whirlwind’: lit. ‘a wind of a whirlwind’. So too 13:13. 2 ‘expend’: lit. ‘finish’. 3 ‘you will be asked’: lit. ‘it will be said to you’. 4 ‘Where is the wall? Where are those who were plastering’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘wrists’: lit. ‘joints of the hands’. 6 ‘the heads of persons of all statures’: lit. ‘for every head and for every height’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ܶܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓـ ܶܪ ݂ܦ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܦـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ݁ ̈ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫���‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ݂ܕܚܪ ܐ ܢܦܠܢ‪ :‬ܘܪܘܚܐ ݂ܕܥ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܛܪܝ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܝܟܘ ܛܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܪܥ ܘ ݂ܬܦܠ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܶܫـ ݂ܒ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫��ـ� ݂ܒ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ݂ܕܥ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܽܪܘܓܙ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ̈ܶܦܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܓ ܶܪ ݂ܦ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ̈ܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝــܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܛܪܝــ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܶܦــܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥــܐ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰ ̈ܓ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܣܚ ݂ ܺܦ ̇‬ ‫ܐܪܡ ̇‬ ‫�ܝــܢ‬ ‫ܝــܗ �ܣــ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ̇ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ ݂ܬܐܣ‬ ‫ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܦܠܘܢ ܘ ݂ܬܣ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‬ ‫ܐܫܡ� ܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶ ܶܒܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕܛ ܶܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܳܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ݁ܦـܠ‪ .‬ܘܢ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܐܝ ݁ ܳܟܐ ̱ܗܝ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕܛ ܶܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡܬ ܰܢ ݁ ܶܒܝܢ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝܶܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠ ܶܡ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ܶܙܝـܢ ܳ�ـ ̇ܗ ܶܚـܙ ̈ ܶܘܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝـܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝـ ݁ܟ ܥܰـܠ ݁ܒܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݁ ̈ܒ ܳܝـܢ ܶܡـܢ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܳ‬ ‫�� ܺܨ ̈ܝـ ܶ� ݂ ܺܕ ̈ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ـܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫�ܢ ݁ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ݁ ܰܕ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܳܕܢ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܝ ܠ ݂ܕܚܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ̈ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡـܝ‬ ‫݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̈ܣ ܳܝ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܪܝܫ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܩܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܠܡـܨ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ܦܫـ ݂ܬܐ‪ .‬ܢ ݂ܦܫـ ݂ܬܗ ܕܥ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܨ ̈ܝ ݁ ܳܕܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ ܺܕܝ� ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܚ ܳܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ̈݁ܶ‬ ‫ـܝ ݁ܒ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ݂ܦܢܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܨ�̈ܶـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܣ�ـ ܶ� ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܩܛـܠ‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܛـܘܫ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܢܝ ̱ܗܝ �ܥܰܡـ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳܳ‬ ‫ܢ ݂ܦܫ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ� ܚܝ ݂ܒܢ ̱ܗܘܝ ܠܡܡ ݂ܬ ܘܠܡܚܝܘ ܢ ݂ܦܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ� ܚܝ ݂ܒܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ̈ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܝܢ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܠܡܐܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟܕ ݂ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

VI

 

  

   



Chapter  The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, prophesy against the prophets of Israel who prophesy to them. Say to those who prophesy from their hearts: Hear the word of the Lord of lords. Thus says the Lord of lords: Woe to the foolish 1 prophets, whose inspiration comes from themselves, 2 who have not seen a vision.

Your prophets, Israel, are like foxes in desolate places.

You have not gone up into the breach, nor did you make a fence around those of the house of Israel, to stand firm in battle on the day of the Lord,

Who say ‘Thus says the Lord’: but the Lord did not send them, and they have begun to establish a false word. You have seen an empty vision, you have spoken a false divination. 3 You say: The Lord says — but I did not say. Therefore, thus says the Lord of lords: Because you saw emptiness and spoke falsehood, See! I am against you, says the Lord of lords.

My hand will be against the prophets who see emptiness and divine falsehood: they will not be in the midst 4 of my people, nor written in the book of the house of Israel, nor enter the land of Israel. You will know that I am the Lord of lords. Because they led my people astray, and said ‘Peace’ — but there is no peace; and (as if) a man builds a wall and they plaster 5 it, so that it will fall.

‘foolish’: lit. ‘who go wrong’. ‘whose inspiration comes from themselves’: lit. ‘who go after their spirit’. 3 ‘You have seen an empty vision, you have spoken a false divination’ or ‘Have you seen an empty vision? Have you spoken a false divination?’ as in MT. 4 ‘in the midst’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘they plaster’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܘ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܝܓ‪.‬‬

‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ܳ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܰܠ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝܶـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݁ ܶܒܝـܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ �ܝܠܝـܢ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݁ ܶܒܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܳ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܽܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚـܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܙܘ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܝ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝܐ ܳܫܛ ̈ܝܐ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܕ ܺܐܙ ̱ܠܝܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ̈ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܬ�� ݂ܒܚ� ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܗܘܘ ܢ ݂ܒܝܝܟ ܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ ܳ� ܳܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܣܝ ܳ ݂ܓܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫� ܣܠܩ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܪܥ ݂‬ ‫ܡܩܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܳܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺܪܝـܘ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܳ� ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܡܩ ܽܡـܘ ܶܡܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܨܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓ ܳ� ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܶܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܠܠـ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݁ܬܘܢ ܣܪܝܩܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܠ ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝܶܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶܙܝܢ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܝ‬ ‫ܨܡܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܶܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ܳ� ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܒـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ܳ‬ ‫ܳ� ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫� ܢܶܥܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܗܘ ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳܐܛܥܺܝܘ �ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ ܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܛ ܶܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦܠ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

 



Nor will there be again any false vision, nor deceptive divination, among the children of Israel.

For I, the Lord, have spoken! I speak a word — and I do it, I do not delay! 1 In your days, O rebellious house, I shall speak a word and do it! says the Lord of lords. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, See! Those of the house of Israel say that this vision that he sees will not be fulfilled 2 for many days, the times of which he prophesies are far off.

Therefore, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘My words will no more be delayed, the word that I speak I do!’ says the Lord of lords.

‘delay’: lit. ‘make remain’. 2 ‘will not be fulfilled’: lit. ‘is’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܟܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܚ‬

‫ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܚܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ݁ܓ�‪ :‬ܘܩܨܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܠܓܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝܢ ݂ܬ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܪ‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܐܡܪ ܐ̱ܢ ܺܐ ܡܠ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܽ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـܪ ܐܶ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܡܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ ̇‬ ‫ܐ̱ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܘܢ ܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳܐ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶܙ ܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪:‬‬ ‫�� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܘ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ‬ ‫�ܙ ݂ ̈ܒܢܶܐ ܰ� ܺܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܩܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݁ ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܢܶـ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̈ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܡܠܝ‪ :‬ܡܠ ݂‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

  

  



I shall spread out my net over him, and he will be caught in it; I shall bring him to Babylon, to the land of the Chaldeans, but he will not see it: there he will die. And all who are around him, who help him, who give him strength, I shall scatter to the four winds, and send the sword after them.

They will know that I am the Lord, for I have scattered 1 them abroad among the nations, scattered them abroad among the countries.

But I shall save 2 a small number 3 of them from the sword, from famine, from pestilence, so that they may confess 4 all their abominations, among the nations to which they have gone: so they will know that I am the Lord. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, trembling you will eat your food, trembling and terrified you will drink your water. Say to the people of the land: Thus says the Lord of lords to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the land of Israel ‘In fear they will eat their food, struck dumb they will drink their water, for the land in its fullness is laid waste, because of the iniquity of all its inhabitants, The inhabited cities will be laid waste, the land will be desolate — and you will know that I am the Lord’. The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, what is this proverb that they use against you in the land of Israel, saying ‘The days drag (on), every vision will come to naught?’ So, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘I shall bring to naught 5 this proverb, they will speak it no more in Israel’. Rather, say to them ‘The days draw near, every vision will be fulfilled’. 6

1 ‘scattered’1: a different Syriac root from that for ‘scatter’ in 12:14 and later in 12:15. 2 ‘save’: lit. ‘leave’. 3 ‘a small number’: lit. ‘men by number’. 4 ‘confess’: lit. ‘relate’. 5 ‘bring to naught’: a different Syriac word from that in 12:22. 6 ‘fulfilled’: lit. ‘be’.



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܡܨܝـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܝ ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܬܝــܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܓ ܶܘܐ ݂ܦـ ܽܪܘܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܥܠـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܢܶ ݁ܬܬ ܺܨܝـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ ̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܶܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙ ̇ܝܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܕ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ ܰܘܡܥܰ ݁ܕ ܺܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ ܰܘܡܥܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܢܝـܢ ܶܠـܗ‪ :‬ܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܽܪܘܚ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܺܪܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܐ � ܳܥ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܘ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܰܬܪ ܶܡܢـ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ ܶ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܕܢܫ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܙ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܚ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܙܘܥ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܙܘܥ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܕܚܠ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܥ ܽܡܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ ܽܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠ ܶܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܛ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܽ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܠܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܐ ܢܶܫـ ݁ܬܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܶܕܚܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡܝـܗܘܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ ܰܒܡ�ܳ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳ ̈ܒܢ ܢܶܚ� ݂ ܳܒܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟ ܘܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܟܐ ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܒ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܰܢܘ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܡ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝܢ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁ܓ ܽܪܘܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܡ ݂ ܰܒܛـܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܶܠـܗ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܳܗ ܳܢܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܰܢܡ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܒܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܢܶܩܪ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ܘܢ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 



  



    

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, you sit in the midst of a rebellious house — they have eyes but they do not see, they have ears but they do not hear — for they are a rebellious house.

But you, O mortal man, prepare for yourself the baggage of exile, 1 and be led away captive before their eyes by day, from your place to another place that they will see — for they are a rebellious house. Bring forth your baggage as baggage of exile by day before their eyes; go out in the evening as those in captivity. Break through the wall before their eyes, go out through it.

Carry the burden upon your shoulders, go out into the thick darkness, cover your face so that you do not see the ground: for I have given you, as a sign, to those of the house of Israel. So I did thus, as he commanded me: I took out my baggage during the day, as the baggage of exile; I broke through the wall in the evening, and I went out into the thick darkness, carrying (the burden) on my shoulders, before their eyes. The word of the Lord came to me in the morning saying:

O mortal man, if those of the house of Israel — a rebellious house — say to you: What are you doing?

Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘The great one will carry this burden 2 in Jerusalem, and all those of the house of Israel with him’.

Say to them: I am your sign — as I have done, so will it be done to you. You will go into exile.

The great one, who is among you, will carry (the burden) on his shoulders, and will go out into the thick darkness, he will break through the wall and go out through it, and he will hide his face so that he does not see the ground.

‘baggage of exile’ or ‘garments of captivity’. 2 ‘The great one will carry this burden’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫ܝܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܰ� ̈�ܢܶܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ܘ� ܳܚ ܶܙܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܒܝܬܐ ܡܡܪܡܪ ܢܐ ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ݂ ̈ܕ ܢܶܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܢܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܘ� ܫܡܥܝܢ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡܐ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ ݇ܒܝ ݁ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܟ ܡܐ ܢܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܫ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ܰ� ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܙܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡـܐ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܳܡܐ ܰܢ̈ܝـ ݁ܟ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ݂ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܪ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܽܦܘܩ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬܪܘܥ ܐܣ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܫ ܽܩܘܠ ݁ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܦـ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܦـܘܩ ݁ܒܥܰܡܛ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܣـܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝـ ݁ܟ ܘ�‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܬܐ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܩ ݂ ܰܕ ̱ܢܝ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܰܐ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܡ ܳܡܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ݂ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܬܶܪܥ ܶ ـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥܰܡܛ ܳܢ ـܐ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܶܩ ـ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ـܠ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ـ ̱ܝ ܶܫܩܠ ـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܣ ـ ݂‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐܢ ܳܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܡܡܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܒܝ‬ ‫ܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܪܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢ ـܐ ܳܐ ܰܡ ـܪ ܳܡ ـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܪ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܰܡ ـܪ �ـ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩ ـܘܠ ܫ ܽܩ ـܘܠ ݁ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܽܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠ ܶܡ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܒܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ܬ ܽܐܙ ̱ܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܦܗ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܥܰܡܛ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ݂ܬ ܽܪܘܥ ܐܣـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܚܙ ̇ܝܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ܰܚ ݁ ܶܦܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  



For their heart was set on 1 their idols and their abominations. I shall bring down 2 upon their heads (the evil of) their ways, says the Lord of lords. The cherubim raised up their wings, and the wheels were with them; and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.

The glory of the Lord went up from the midst of the city, and stood on the mountain on the east of the city. The spirit lifted me up, and brought me to the land of the Chaldeans, to the exiles, in a vision, by the spirit of God. Then the vision I had seen left me.

Then I spoke to the exiles, (saying) all the words of the Lord which he had made manifest to me.

‘set on’: lit. ‘going’. 2 ‘bring down’: lit. ‘requite’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܐ ݁ܒ ܶܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܰܘ݁ܕܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܠ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܘ� ܳܚـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܥ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܫܘ ݂ܒܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ܥܰܠ ܛܽـ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܚ ܳܝـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ‬ ‫ܢـܝ �ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ� ݂ܕ�ـܐ ܠܫ ݂ܒܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܪܘܚܐ ܫܩܠܬ ̱ܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܐܝܬܝ ݂ܬ ̱‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܪܩ ܶܠܗ ܶܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܗ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ݂ܬ ܥܰܡ ܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܘܝܰ ̱‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 





 





 



You shall know that I am the Lord. — for you have not obeyed 1 my commandments, you have not executed my judgments but have acted according to the judgments of the nations that surround you’.

When I had prophesied, Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. I fell upon my face, I cried out aloud and said: Alas, Lord of lords! You have made an end of the remnant of Israel. 2 The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, your brothers, your brothers, the men of your exile, 3 and all those of the house of Israel will come to an end, for the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said to them: Keep your distance from the Lord, for it is to us that the land has been given as an inheritance. Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: I shall thrust them out, among the nations, I shall scatter them abroad 4 — but I shall give them some small sanctuary 5 in the lands to which they have gone.

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: I shall gather you from among the nations, I shall bring you near, from the lands into which you have been dispersed, and I shall give you the land of Israel. They will enter there, and all its false gods and all its abominations will pass away from it.

I shall give them a new heart, I shall put a new spirit within them; I shall make the heart of stone pass away from their flesh, and give them a heart of flesh. They will obey my commandments, they will preserve my judgments and execute them: they will be my people and I shall be their God. 6

‘obeyed’: lit. ‘walked in’. 2 ‘You have made an end of the remnant of Israel’ or ‘Have you made an end of the remnant of Israel?’ (as probably in MT). 3 ‘the men of your exile’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘abroad’: lit. ‘among the lands’. 5 ‘I shall give them some small sanctuary’: lit. ‘I shall be a little sanctuary to them’. 6 ‘they will be my people and I shall be their God’: lit. ‘they will be to me a people and I shall be to them God’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ � ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ � ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬ‪ܺ :‬ܡܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܝܐ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠـ ݂ܬ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝܠـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܳܩ ـ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡ ـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܡـ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐ ܽܘܗ ܳܡ ـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣܘ ݁ ܳܦ ܳܢ ـܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ـ ݂ܕ ܰܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܫܪ ݁ ܶܟ ـܗ‬ ‫݁ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈݁ ܰ ܰ ̈݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܣܘ ݂ ܽܦܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܐܚܝܟ ܐܚܝܟ ܐ̱ܢܫܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ ܽܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܘ ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬܪ ܰܚܩـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ :‬ܠـܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܶܓܝـܪ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ ̱ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬܝܗܒ ݂ܬ ܐܪܥܐ �ܝܪܬܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܽܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ݂ܕ ܽܚـܘܩ ܐܢـܘܢ ܒܥ ̱ܡܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܒـܕܪ ܐܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܠܡܩܕܫܐ ܙܥܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒܐ �ܥ ݂‬ ‫ܒܐ �ܥ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰܐܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ� ܳܥ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܠ ݂ܟܘܢ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܥܠܽܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܳ ܶܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܚ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ݁ܬܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܦـܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܶܠ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰܢܗܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܛܪܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶـ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܺܠـܝ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܢܐ ܐܗܘܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

V



   

 

   

Chapter  The spirit lifted me up, and brought me to the eastern gate of the house of the Lord which looks eastwards. I saw, in the entrance to the gate, twenty-five men. I saw among them Jaazaniah, the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah, the son of Benaiah, noblemen of the people.

The Lord said to me: O mortal man, these are the men who devise villainy, who counsel evil counsels in this city.

They say: It was not in its midst that we built houses. 1 It is the caldron and we are the meat. Therefore, prophesy against them, prophesy! O mortal man.

The spirit of the Lord fell upon me, and he said to me: Say ‘Thus says the Lord of lords “So have you loved, 2 children of Israel; indeed, I know the thoughts of your spirit”. You have multiplied your slain in this city, you have filled its streets with those slain by the sword. 3

Therefore thus says the Lord of lords: Your desolate, whom you have cast into its midst, are the meat; it is the caldron: but I am removing you from its midst. You have feared the sword: the sword comes upon you, says the Lord of lords.

I shall remove you from its midst, I shall deliver you into the hands of foreigners, I shall pass judgments on you.

You will fall by the sword; I shall judge you at the border of Israel: you will know that I am the Lord.

It will not be your caldron, and you will not be the meat in it: I shall judge you at the border of Israel.

‘It was not in its midst that we built houses’ or ‘Was it not in its midst that we built houses?’ 2 ‘So have you loved’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 3 ‘those slain by the sword’ or ‘the desolate’. 1



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܗ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܝܐ‪.‬‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ـܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܩܠ ݁ܬܢـ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚـܐܪ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝܰ ݂ܬܢـ‬ ‫ـܝ ܠ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ ܡ ݂ܕܢܚܝـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕܢܚـܐ‪ :‬ܘܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ܒܡܥ�ܢـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥـܐ ܥܣܪܝــܢ ܘܚܡܫـܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ�ܝــܢ‪ :‬ܘܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫�ܝ ܰܥܙ ܳܢܝܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܳ� ܽܙܘܪ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܛܝܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ� ݁ ܺܟܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܡܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܬܚܫ ݂ܒܝܢ ܥ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܡ ̈� ݁ ܶܟܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ̈ ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܢܢ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܺ :‬ܗܝ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܣܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪܝܢ‪̱ � :‬ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܘܗ ܒܢܝܢ ܒ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝ ܽܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘܚ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܚܡܬܘܢ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ�ܥܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ ݁ܬܘܢ ܩܛܝܠܝܟܘܢ ܒܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܝ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܚ�ܝ ݂ܒܝܟܘܢ ܕ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܣܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܐܝ ݁ܬܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܫܠܡ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܢܘ ݂ܟ ܳ��ܶܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ܬܚܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ـ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒܣـ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ـܘܢ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܣ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܗܝ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܥܰ ـܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܚܘܡܐ ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

 



 

  

When they went, they went upon their four sides, they did not turn, but (went) in the direction that their heads pointed: they went in that direction, 1 they did not turn.

Their whole bodies, their backs, their hands, the wings of the wheels, were full of eyes around their sides. He called the wheels ‘wheels’ 2 in my presence.

Each of them had four faces, one the face of a cherub, another the face of a man, another the face of a lion, and another the face of an eagle. The cherubim were lifted up on high: that is the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

As the cherubim went, the wheels went with them; and as the cherubim lifted their wings, to rise 3 above the earth, the wheels did not turn away from them. As they stood, they (too) stood; as they were lifted up, they (too) were lifted up; as the cherubim raised their wings, the wheels rose up with them, for the spirit of life was in them.

The glory of the Lord went out, from the corner of the house, and stood over the cherubim.

The cherubim lifted their wings, and were raised up above the earth, before my eyes; the wheels went out with them, they stood at the entrance of the eastern gate of the house of the Lord, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.

This was the living creature that I saw, beneath the God of Israel, by the river Chebar — I knew that they were cherubim. Each of them had four faces, each had four wings, and the form of a human hand beneath their wings.

The form of their faces — like those faces that I saw by the river Chebar, like their appearance, and each going towards his side.

‘in that direction’: lit. ‘after it’. ‘He called the wheels ‘wheels’’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘to rise’: lit. ‘to be raised up’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܥܰܠ ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܰܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝـܢ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܳܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܐ�‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܰ� ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܳܐܙ ̱� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ݁ܬ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܳ ݁ :‬ܒ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܶܗܝܢ ܺܘ ̈ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒܣ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܗܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ܘ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓ�‪ :‬ܡ� ܰ� ̈�ܢܶـܐ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ̈݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓ� ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ�ܘܦܢܐ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܰܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܪ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݁ ̈ܦـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܢܗ ܶܘܢ‪ :‬ܚ ݂ܕ ܐ ܐܦـܝ ܟܪܘ ݂ܒـܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱‬ ‫ܺ ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܐ ݁ ̈ܦܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܐ̱ܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݁ܦܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ̱‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܝ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܺܐܙ ̱ܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫܩܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܳܪ ܽܡܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܳ �ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ� ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܡـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫܩܠ ܺܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܫ ̈ܩܠ ܳـܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓـ ܶ� ܥܰܡـ ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ܥܰܠ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢ ݂ܦܩ ܫܘ ݂ܒܚܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܡܢ ܙ ܘܝ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܩܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫�� ܰܢـܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܒܡܥ�ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ܡ ݂ܕܢܚܝܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫ܽ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫܘ ݂ܒܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪� :‬ܥܠ ܡܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳܗ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒـܪ‪ :‬ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܕܥܶـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܰܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܰܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܐ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܐ ܺܙ ̱ܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 





 

 



 



I saw the roof over the head of the cherubim; there seemed to be the appearance of a sapphire stone, resembling 1 the form of a throne above them.

He called to the man who was clothed in white linen and said to him: Enter between the wheels underneath the cherubim, fill your hands with coals of fire from between the cherubim, and scatter (them) over the city. He entered, before my eyes. The cherubim were standing on the right of the house as that man entered; the inner courtyard was filled with a cloud.

The glory of God was lifted up on high, above 2 the cherub who stood above the corner of the house; the house was filled with the cloud; and the inner courtyard was filled with the splendor of the glory of the Lord.

The sound of the wings of the cherubim was heard as far as the outer courtyard, like the voice of God when he speaks. After he had commanded the man who was clothed in white linen, he said to him: Take fire from between the wheels, from between the cherubim, and come and stand by the side of the wheels.

One cherub stretched out his hand, from between the cherubim, towards the fire between the cherubim: he took some up, he placed it in the palms of the man who was clothed in white linen. He took (it) and went out. I saw the cherubim — the form of a human hand beneath their wings.

I saw four wheels by the side of the cherubim, one wheel by the side of each cherub: the appearance of the wheels was like the appearance of the chrysolith stone. Their appearance, their form of each 3 of the four of them, was as a wheel within a wheel. ‘resembling’: lit. ‘like the appearance of’. ‘above’: lit. ‘from’. 3 ‘Their appearance, their form of each’: lit. ‘One was their appearance and their form’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܝ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܛ�� ݂ ܰܕ�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ܺܪܝܫ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܦܝ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܳ ̱‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝܐ �ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܩـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒܝــܫ ݁ ܽܒـ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܶܠـܗ‪ܽ :‬ܥـܘܠ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓـ�‬ ‫ܰܠܬ ܶܚܝܬ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ܶܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡܠ ܺܝ ܽܚ ̈ܘܦ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ݁ ܽܓܘܡ ܶ� ܐ ܕ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܺܪܝ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܠ ��ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡـܢ ܝܰ ܺܡܝܢܶـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܥـܐܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܗܘ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ܳܙ ܺܘܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬܡܠـܝ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܗ ܳܘܬ݀ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒܝܬܐ ܥ�ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀ ̱ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩ� ݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܶܡܫ ݁ܬ ܰܡܥ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ � ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܝ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܩܠـܗ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܶܠܗ‪ܰ :‬ܣܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܓܝ ݂ܓ�‬ ‫݂ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓ�‪.‬‬ ‫�ܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܘܫܛ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܩـܠ‬ ‫ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܝ ݂ܒ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܰܠ ݂ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓܠܝܢ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ـ ݂ܒ ݁ܟ ܽ�ܘ ݂ ܶܒـܐ‪ :‬ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܺܓܝ ݂ܓـ� ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܘܚܙ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ ݁ܕ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ�‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚܙ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟܐ ݂ܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܺ‬ ‫݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ݁ܟܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܪܫܝܫ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܺܓܝ ݂ܓ� ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݁ ܺܓܝ ݂ܓ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܗܘܐ ܚܙܘܗܝܢ ܘ݂ܕܡܘ ݂ܬܗܝܢ ܕܐ� ܒܥ ݂ܬ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



 

He said to me: The iniquity of the house of Israel and of Judah is very great; the land is filled with blood, the city is filled with deceit. They have said that the Lord has abandoned the land, the Lord sees us not. I shall not take pity on them, I shall have no mercy on them; I shall bring vengeance on their heads according to their deeds. I saw the man who was clothed in white linen, who answered and said: I have done as you commanded me.



‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܘ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܣ ܺ ݂ܓܝ ܳܛ ݂ܒ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܢܶ ݂ܟ ܳ�‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܳܚـ ܶܙ ܐ ܰܠـܢ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܫ ݂ܒܩ ̇ܗ ܡܪ�ܐ �‬ ‫݂ܕܡܐ‪ :‬ܘܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܰ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܺ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܫܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܘ� ܐܪܚܡ‪ :‬ܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܒܪ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ :‬ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܐܝ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܢܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

 









 

He cried aloud to me, and said: Bring near the avengers of the city, each with the instruments of his vengeance in his hand.

I saw six men coming from the pathway of the upper gate, that faces north. Each had the instruments of his vengeance in his hand. One man among them was clothed in white linen; he had bound his hips with a sapphire girdle. 1 They came, they stood by the side of the brass altar.

The glory of the God of Israel rose up from the cherub standing on a corner of the house. He called to the man clothed in white linen, his hips bound with a sapphire girdle. The Lord said to him: Pass through the middle of the city, through the middle of Jerusalem. Put a mark on the foreheads of the men who groan, who are in pain, because of all the abominations and evils perpetrated in its midst. And, to those who were with him, he said before my eyes: 2 Pass through the middle of the city, after me, and lay (it) waste, and let your eyes not take pity (on them), have no mercy (on them).

Slay, destroy the elders, and the youths, the children and the women, but do not approach any man on whom there is the mark. Begin at my sanctuary. They began with the men, the elders, who were standing in front of the house. Say to them: Pollute the house, fill the ruined 3 courtyards, go out, slaughter in the city.

When they had lain them waste, I remained, I fell upon my face, I raised my voice in lamentation, and said: Alas, O Lord of lords, will you destroy all that remains of Israel, pour out your wrath upon Jerusalem?

‘he had bound his hips with a sapphire girdle’: lit. ‘girded the loins of sapphire on his loins’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘before my eyes’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘ruined’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 1



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܛ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‪ܽ .‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܦ ܽ�ܘܥ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ�ܢܶܗ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܬܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܳܐ ݂ܬܶܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܥ ܶ ܳ� ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚܐܪ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ܰܢ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ�ܢܶܗ ݁ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܣـܪ ܰܚـ ̈ܨ ܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܦ ܳܝ� ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܰܬܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܢܚ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܣܠܩ ܶܡܢ ݁ܟ ܽܪܘ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩـܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰـܠ ܳܙ ܺܘܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܫܘ ݂ܒܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܐ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ݂ܕܠ ݂ܒܝܫ ݁ܒ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܘܨ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܣܪ ܰܚܨ ܐ ݂ܕܣܦܝ� ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܒ ܰܓـܘ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܪܫـܘܡ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܡـܐ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ܒܪ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ܰ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܚܝـܢ ܘ ܶܡ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ܺܢܩܝـܢ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܳܕܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܺ‬ ‫�ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫�� ܰܢܝ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ‪ܳ .‬ܘ� ܽܢܚ ̈ܘ ܳܣܢ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܡܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܛ� ̈ܝـܐ ܰܘ�ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ ܰܩܛܠـ ̱ܘ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܠܣ ݂ܒܐ ܘܠ ݂ܓܕܘ݂ܕ ܐ ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܘܠـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܫـܝ ܫـܪܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ݁ ܺܕܐܝـ ݂ܬ ܥܠܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܪ‬ ‫ܘܫܡـܐ � ݂ܬܩܪ ݂ܒـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܡـܢ ܡܩ ݁ܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܺܪܝܘ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ܛ ܰܡ ـܐܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ ܰܒܝ ـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡܠ ܰـܘ ݁ ܳܕ � ܐ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒ ـܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܦܘܩ ـ ̱ܘ ܰܩܛܠ ـ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܐܡ ـܪ �ـ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܟܕ ܚܪ ݂ܒܘ ܐܢܘܢ‪ :‬ܐܫܬ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝܠـ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܳܩـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ݂ ܶ ̱ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܶ ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܐܘܗ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܡܚܒܠ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܠ ݂ܟܠ ܕܐܫܬܚܪ ܡܢ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܫ ݂ܕ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓ ܳܙ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܐ‬ ‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 



   





I went in. I saw all the pictures 1 of reptiles, beasts, abominations: all the false gods of the house of Israel, painted on the wall, all around, And seventy men, of the elders of the house of Israel. Jaazaniah, son of Shaphan, stood among them, and they stood before him, each with his censer in his hand, and the fumes of the smoke from the incense rose up.

He said to me: Do you see, O mortal man, everything that the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the darkness, each in his hidden 2 inner room, saying: ‘The Lord does not see us, for the Lord has forsaken the land’. He said to me: You will return again, you will see the dreadful abominations which they perpetrate.

He brought me to the entrance of the northern gate of the house of the Lord, and there I saw women sitting, weeping for Tammuz. He said to me: Do you see, O mortal man? You will return again, you will see abominations more dreadful than these.

He brought me in, to the inner courtyard of the house of the Lord. I saw, in the gate of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, about twenty-five men standing, their backs to the temple of the Lord, and their faces towards the east, rising early, 3 worshipping the sun. He said to me: Do you see, O mortal man? Is it a little thing, to those of the house of Judah, this abomination that they perpetrate here? For they have filled the land with iniquity, they anger me again, snorting through their noses. 4

I too will act in rage, my eye will not take pity on (them), I shall not have mercy (on them): they may cry aloud 5 to me but I shall not hear them. ‘pictures’: same Syriac word as that rendered ‘manifestation’ in 8:2,3 and frequently as ‘form’. 2 ‘hidden’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘rising early’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘snorting through their noses’: lit. ‘they are making a noise through their noses’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘cry aloud’: lit. ‘cry in my ears with a loud voice’. So too 9:1. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܫܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܛ�̈ ݁ܦـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ .‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶܠ ܶ ݂ܬ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܡ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܺܨܝ ܳ�ܢ ܥܰܠ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܫ ݂ܒܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘ� ܰܙ ܳܢܝܐ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܳܫ ݂ ܳܦـܢ ܳܩـܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ‬ ‫ܝܪܡـܗ ݁ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‪ :‬ܘܥ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܡܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܶ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܶܡܐ ܳܣܠܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܺܠـܝ‪ܳ :‬ܚـ ܶܙ ܐ ܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝــܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ ܶܽ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܣܝܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ܳܘܢܶܗ ݁ ܰܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪܝܢ � ܳܚ ܶܙ ܐ ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܩـ ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܒܚܫܘ ݂ܟܐ‪ :‬ܐ̱ܢܫ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܽ ݁ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙ ܐ ܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܡܪ ܠܝ‪ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܬܗܦܘ ݂ܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܠܡܥ�ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝܰ ̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ̈ܒܢ ܰܘܡ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܝܢ ܠ ݂ܬ ܽܡ ܳܘܙ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ ܛ�̈ ݁ܦـ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒـܢ ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܚـ ܶܙ ܐ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܬܗ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܥܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟܠܶـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܝ � ݂ܕܪ ݂ܬ ܒܝܬܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ݂ܓܘܝ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫݂ ܶܒܝ ـ ݂ܬ ܶܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܫ ـܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝــܢ ܳܩ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܛܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡܝــܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚ‬ ‫ـܢ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܣܪ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ� ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܠــܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܗܝ ݁ܟܠ ܶـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܩ ݁ܕ ܺܡܝــܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܫܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܚ ܶܙ ܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܙܥ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ�ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܰܽ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܰ� ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ܰܘܗ ݂ ܰܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ܠ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܓ ܽܙܘ ݂ ܰܬ ̱ܢܝ‪ܶ .‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܳܗܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕܡ� ̇‬ ‫ܘܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܦܩܥܺܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܺ‬ ‫ܢܚܝ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܳܘ� ܶܐ ܰܪ ܶܚܡ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܩـܪܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢـܝ ݁ܒ ܳܩـ�‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܦ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܶܡ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܳܘ� ܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 







 



IV

In the sixth year, on the fifth day of the sixth month, I was sitting in my house, with the elders of Judah sitting before me, and the hand of the Lord of lords fell upon me there.

I saw — See! The manifestation 1 of the appearance of fire; from the appearance of his loins and below, fire; from his loins and higher, I seemed to see an appearance of brightness, like a vision of God.

He stretched out what seemed to be a hand, and seized me by a lock of (the hair of) my head, and a wind lifted me up between the earth and the heavens and brought me to Jerusalem, in a vision from God, to the entrance of the gate in the corner that faces north. There stands the post of jealousy. See! There was the glory of the God of Israel, like the vision that I saw in the plain.

He said to me: O mortal man, lift up your eyes to the way of the north. So I lifted up my eyes to the way of the north, and See! in the north of the eastern 2 gate the post of jealousy was standing, in its entrance.

He said to me: O mortal man, do you see what they are doing? The dreadful abominations that those of the house of Israel are perpetrating, those who have gone far away from my sanctuary. You will return again, you will see the dreadful 3 abominations which they are perpetrating. 4 Concerning the means of their iniquity

  

He brought me in by the courtyard door, and I saw a hole in the wall.

He said to me: O mortal man, dig in the wall. I dug in the wall, and I found a door. He said to me: Go in, and see the abominations and evils that they perpetrate here. ‘manifestation’ or ‘form’. ‘eastern’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 3 ‘dreadful’: lit. ‘great’. So passim. 4 ‘perpetrating’: lit. ‘doing’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫ܚ‪.‬‬

‫ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܫ ݁ܬܝ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܝܳـ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܺܘܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܒܫܢ̱ܬܐ ܫܬܝ ݂ܬܝܬܐ‪ :‬ܒܚܡܫ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ܥܠـܝ ܬ ܳܡـܢ ܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ܬ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܽܢܘܪ ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܕ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘ�ܥ ܶܠ‪݂ ݂ ܺ :‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ‪ :‬ܘܫܩܠ‬ ‫ܐܘܫܛ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܘܐܚ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ܢܝ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݂ ̈ܕ ܶܩܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܢܝ � ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠ ܶܡ ݁ܒ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ� ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠـ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܙ ܺܘܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝ ݁ܬܝܰ ݂ ̱ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ܳܚܐܪ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܡܢ ܩܝܡܐ ܩܝܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܦ ܰܩܥ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐ ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܡـ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢـܝ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܺܪܝܡ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ܽ� ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ܳܢ ـܐ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܗܐ ܡ ـܢ ܓܪ ܒ�ܝـܗ ܕ ݂ܬܪܥ ـܐ ܡ ݂ܕܢܚܝ ـܐ‪ :‬ܩܝܡـܐ ܩܝܡ ـ ݂‬ ‫݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܥ�ܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݁ܬ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝـܢ‪ :‬ܛ�̈ ݁ܦـ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝـܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܚـܙ ܐ ܛ�̈ ݁ܦـ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܫܝ‪݁ :‬ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܬܗ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܟ ܬ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ݂ܬܪ ܰܚܩ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫݂ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݁ܕܝܢ‪.‬‬

‫ܨܚ ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܪܣܝ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫݁ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܦܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܢܶܩ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܝ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܘܐܥܠ ̱‬ ‫ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܫ ݁ܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܚ ݂ܦܘܪ ܒܐܣ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܚ ݂ܦܪ ݂ܬ ܒܐܣ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܳܗܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܽ :‬ܥܘܠ‪ :‬ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

 



I shall turn my face away from them. They will defile my watchtowers, 1 housebreakers will enter in and defile it.

They will pass over it with bricks, 2 for the land has been filled with the judgment of blood, the city has been filled with iniquity.

I shall bring the shepherds of the nations, and they will take possession of their houses; I shall turn back the pride of the mighty, they will take possession of their sanctuary. Anger comes; they will seek for peace but it will not be found.

Woe will follow woe, rumor after rumor will be heard. They will seek a vision from the prophets; law will perish from the priests, and counsel from the elders.

The king will sit in mourning, the great will be clothed in corruption, the hands of the common people 3 will be weakened. I shall deal with them according to their ways; I shall judge them with their (own) judgments — they will know that I am the Lord.

‘watchtowers’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘with bricks’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘common people’: lit. ‘people of the land’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ̇ ݁ܳܽ ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܫܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ̈ܘ ܰܩܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܥܠܘܢ ܒܗ ܬ�ܘܥܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܘܐ ݂ܦܢܐ ܐܦܝ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ـ ܽܪܘܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݂ ̈ܒܢܶ ـܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛ ـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ـ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܐܪܥ ـܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢ ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܳܡ ـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܥܰܘ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬܡ�ܝ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܰܘܐܝ ݁ܬܐ ܳ� ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܺܘܢܐܪ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܓ ܽܐܝܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫ ̈�ܢܶܐ‪ܺ :‬ܘܢܐܪ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܽܪܘܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܳܐܬܶܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ܽܥܘܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܘ� ܢܶܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܟܚ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܳܘ ܳ�ܐ ܥܰܠ ܳܘ ܳ�ܐ ܺܢܐ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܫ ܽܡܘܥ ݁ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܫ ܽܡܘܥ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬ ܰܡـܥ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܒ ܽܥـܘܢ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡܢ ܢ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝܶܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘܢ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܐ ܺܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܶܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ܶܡܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ݁ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ܒ ܳ�‪ :‬ܘ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܢܶ� ݁ ܰܒܫ ܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ�‪ܺ :‬ܘܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܘܗܝ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܫܠـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܙ ܡ�ܟܐ ܢ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ�ܚ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܐܥܒ ݂ܕ �ܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ�ܢܝـܗܘܢ ܐ݁ܕܘܢ ܐܢـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢ ݁ܕܥـܘܢ ݁ܕܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ܢـܐ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

 

   





The time has come, the day draws near: let not the buyer rejoice, nor the seller be sad — for anger makes all their substance worthless. 1 The buyer does not return to the seller, there is no more life in their living, their substance will be meaningless, 2 man in his iniquity will not hold his life dear. 3 They have blown the horn, made all ready, but none goes to war — for my anger makes irrelevant all their substance.

The sword in the streets, plague and famine in the houses; the man in the field will die by the sword, famine and plague will consume the man in the city. Those who escape from them will escape on the mountains, like doves among the crags; they will all die, 4 each in his (own) sins.

All hands will become feeble, all knees will drip with water.

They will clothe themselves in sackcloth, cover themselves in terror, 5 shame on all their faces, bald patches on all their heads.

They will throw away their silver into the streets, despise their gold 6 — their silver and gold will not be able to save them on the day of the anger of the Lord. Their souls will not be satisfied, 7 their bellies will not be filled: this suffering is the punishment for their iniquity. The glory of their carving, that they made with pride to be images of their abominations and false gods — because of this I have despised it. 8

I shall give it into the hand of foreigners as spoil, to the sinners of the land as plunder, and they will defile it. ‘for anger makes all their substance worthless’: lit. ‘for anger is upon all their substance/possessions’. Similarly 7:14. 2 ‘their substance will be meaningless’: lit. ‘vision will not return to all their substance/possessions’. 3 ‘hold his life dear’: lit. ‘grasp his life firmly’. 4 ‘they will … die’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘cover themselves in terror’: lit. ‘terrors will cover them’. 6 ‘despise their gold’: lit. ‘their gold will be despised’. 7 ‘Their souls will not be satisfied’: lit. ‘They will not satisfy their souls’. 8 ‘despised it’: lit. ‘made it something despicable’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬

‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡܛܝ ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ܘܩܪ ݂ܒ ܝܘܡܐ‪ :‬ܕܩܢܐ � ܢܚـܕ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܡܙ ݁ ܶܒـܢ � ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ܶܪ ܐ ܶܠـܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܽܪܘܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܶܩ ܳܢܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘܙ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܐ � ܳܗ ݂ܦ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܙ ݁ܒ ܳ� ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܰܠܝ ݁ܬ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ� ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܶܩ ܳܢܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܳ� ܰܢܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܣܢ ܰܚ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܶܝ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܳܕܐܙܶܠ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـܙ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܩܪܘ ܒܩܪܢܐ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ܶܩ ܳܢܝ ܽ‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܰܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ܽܢܡـܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܘ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܢܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܝ ̈ܘܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܒܓ ݂ ܳܕ ̈� ݁ ܶܦـܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽܨܘܢ ܰܐܝܠ ܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦܨܶܝܢ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬܘܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ݁ ܰܒܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ܺܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰ�ܫܠ ܳܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܘ� ݁ ܶܟܐ ܰܢ� ݁ܕܝܳܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܒ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܣ ̈ܶܩܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܽܣܘܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܨܘ ܳ� ܢܶܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܗ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܽ :‬‬ ‫ܘܩـ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܽ‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣ ܽ‬ ‫ܺܣ ܽ‬ ‫�ܝܐ ܢܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܡܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ ܢܶܫ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܡܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܗܘܢ‪ .‬ܘ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ� ܢܶܫ ݁ ܰܟܚ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܰܦ ܳܨ ܽܝܘ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓ ܶܙܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣ ݁ܒ ܽܥـܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܢ ܳܩܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ� ܳܣ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ� ܢܶܡܠܽܘܢ‪ܳ .‬ܗ ܳܢܐ ܽܫ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܨܠ ̈ܡܐ ݂ܕܛ�̈ ݁ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ݁ܕ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠـ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܽܐܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܗ ܰܡܣ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ̇ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܢܛ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܫܘܢܶܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܺܠܝܘ ̱ܗܝ ܒܐܝ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܕܢܘ ݂ܟ��ܐ ܠ ݂ܒܙ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܠܚܛܝܝܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܠܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬܐ ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 





   



 

Chapter 

The word of the Lord came to me saying:

But you, O mortal man, say: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘An end has come to the land of Israel, an end 1 has come to the four corners 2 of the earth. From now on the end is upon you: I shall pour out my anger upon you, I shall judge you according to your ways, I shall visit upon you all your abominations. My eye will not spare you, I shall not have pity (on you): for I shall visit your ways upon you. Your abominations will be in your midst: you will know that I am the Lord’. Thus says the Lord of lords: See! Evil comes, because of evil.

The end comes, I shall grieve for you. 3

O you who live in the land, the early morning has come to you; the time has come, the day of tumult has drawn near.

From now on I shall pour out my rage upon you from nearby, I shall pour out my anger upon you, I shall judge you according to your ways, I shall visit upon you all your abominations.

My eye will not take pity on you, I shall not have mercy (on you), but shall repay you according to your ways. Your abominations will be in your midst, and you will know that I am the Lord, who wounds you. See! The day has come; the early morning has arrived, 4 the rod has blossomed, shame 5 has shown forth. Iniquity has risen up upon the rod of the iniquitous. Not from them, not from their confusion, not from their deeds, 6 shall I give them rest. 7 ‘end … end’: the Syriac has two different nouns here. ‘corners’: lit. ‘sides’. 3 ‘I shall grieve for you’ or ‘it has grieved you’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘arrived’: lit. ‘gone out’. 5 ‘shame’ or ‘dishonor/wrong’ . 6 ‘not from their confusion, not from their deeds’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 7 ‘shall I give them rest’: lit. ‘and I shall not give rest in them’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܙ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܳܐ ܰܡـܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܺܛـܝ ܶܩـ ܳܨ ܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ‬ ‫̱ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕܐܪܥܐ‪ܳ.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݁‬ ‫݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܘܡܛܝ ܣܘܦܐ ܥܠ ܐܪܒܥ ܟܢ ݂ܦ ̇‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܶܩ ܳܨ ܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫܘ݂ܕ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـܙ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢܶ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݁ܬܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܰ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ� ܐ ܰܪ ܶܚـܡ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܽܕܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ ݁ܬܠ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܘ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ݂ܬ�ܐ ݂ܒܝܫܬܐ ܚܠ ݂ܦ ܒܝܫܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ܳܨ ܐ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘܐܥܺܝܩ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܘܐܬܶܐ ܶܨܦ ܳܪ ܳ�ܐ ܳܥ ܽܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܡ ܺܛܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܽܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܶܡـܢ ܽܩܘܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶܐ ܽܫـܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܡـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܫـܘ݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـܙ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݁ܬܠ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܚــܘܣ ܥܰ‬ ‫ܝܢــܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟــ ̱ܝ ܘ� ܐ ܰܪ ܶܚــܡ‪ :‬ܐ� ܐܝــ ݂ܟ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟــ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܦܪܥ ܶ ݂ܟــ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܘ ܰܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܛܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܪܥ ܰܨ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܶܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܠܨ ܽܚ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܝܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܰ ܳܘ� ܳܩܡ ܥܰܠ ܽܚ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܛܪܗ ݁ܕ ܰ� ܳܘ ܳ�‪ܶ �ܳ :‬ܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ ܳܘ� ܶܡـܢ ݁ܕ ܽܠـ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܶܡـܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܽܢܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ� ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 









Thus says the Lord of lords: Beat your hands (together), stamp your feet, say ‘Aha! Because of all the abominations, the evil of the house of Israel — for they will fall by the sword, from famine, and from plague.

He who is far away will die from the plague, and he who is nearby will fall by the sword; he who survives 1 and is spared will die in famine: I shall sate my anger with them.

They will know that I am the Lord, when their slain 2 lie 3 among their idols around their altars on every high hill, beneath the summit of every mountain, under every shady tree, under every sturdy oak, in the place where they burnt incense to all their idols.

I shall raise my hand against them, I shall make the land desolate, an object of horror, 4 more than the wilderness of Diblath, every house in their settlements — and they will know that I am the Lord’.

‘survives and is spared’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘slain’: a different Syriac root from that in 6:7. 3 ‘lie’: lit. ‘were’. 4 ‘object of horror’: lit. ‘amazement’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ ܳܚܢ‪ .‬ܥܰܠ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܩܘܫ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܟ ܰܘܪ ݂ ܽܦܘܣ ܒܪ ݂ܓܠ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܰܪ ܺܚܝܩ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦـܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܫ ݁ܬ ܰܚـܪ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦـܨܶ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܫܡ� ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܺ ̈ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕܪ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܩܛܝܠܝـܗܘܢ ܒܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܦ ݂ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ܛـܘ� ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܪܡ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܽܟܠ ܐ ܺܝܠܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡܛܠ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܒܛܡ ݂ܬܐ ܥܰ ݁ ܺܒܝܛ ݁ܬܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܶܡܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܺ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܐ ܶܡـܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕܝـܗ �ܪܥـܐ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ� ܘܠ ݂‬ ‫ܥܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܬ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܒܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

III

  

  

  



Chapter  The word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, set your face towards the mountains of Israel and prophesy against them.

Say: O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord of lords. Thus says the Lord of lords to the mountains, to the high places, to the valleys, to the watercourses: See! I bring the sword upon you, I shall destroy your shrines to idolatry.

Your altars will be desolate, your idols 1 broken, I shall cast out your ruins 2 in front of your false gods.

I shall cast out the corpses of the house of Israel in front of their idols, I shall scatter your bones around your altars.

The cities in which are all your settlements 3 will be laid waste, the shrines to idolatry desolate, for they will be laid waste, your altars deserted, your idols broken, brought to naught, your carven images cut down, your deeds blotted out. The slain will fall among you — you will know that I am the Lord.

Those of you who are delivered from the sword, I shall leave among the nations, they will be scattered among the countries.

Those of you who are delivered will remember me, among the nations where they have been taken captive, when I have broken their wanton hearts that turned from me, their eyes which strayed after their idols, their faces distorted by the evil they have done, by all their abominations.

They will know that I am the Lord, that when I said that I would bring upon them this evil I did not speak in vain.

‘your idols’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. So too 6:6. ‘ruins’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘in which are all your settlements’: lit. ‘of all your habitation’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܓ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܘ‪.‬‬

‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܠܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܺ :‬ܣܝܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪ܽ :‬ܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܢ ̈ܚـ� ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܺܨ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܰܡܝـ ݁ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‬ ‫ܳܡ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܠܛܘ� ܐ ܘ��ܡـ ݂‬ ‫ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܦ ܰ� ݁ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ݁ ܰ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܪܡـܐ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܨ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܚܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܬܬܒـܪܘܢ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ� ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ܶܡܐ ܫ ܰ� ݁ ̈ܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ� ܰܡܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕܪ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܚܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ ܝܰ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܢܶܚ� ݂ ܳܒـܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ ܰ� ݁ ܶܟـܐ ܶ� ̈ܨ ݁ܕܝܳـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕܢܶܚܪ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶܨ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܚܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܛܠـܘܢ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ܕ ܽܡـܘܢ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܓ ܺ� ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܦܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܥܛܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܦܠܽܘܢ ܚ ܺ�ܝ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܬܪ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟــܘܢ ݁ ܶܒܝــ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡــܐ‪ :‬ܐܝܠܝــܢ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܺܨܝــܘ ܶܡــܢ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒــܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒــ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܶܕܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܺܨܝܘ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܫ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܒܝܘ ܠ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ‪ܳ :‬ܡـܐ‬ ‫ܘܢ ܶܬܕ ݂ܟܪܘܢ ̱‬ ‫݁ܶ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܰ̈ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ :‬ܘ��ܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܛܥـܝ ܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ�ܝـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܙ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܤܛܘ ܡ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ̈ܡ�ܢ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ܗ ܳܘܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܳܝܩ ܺܐܝـ ݂ܬ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܺܒܝܫـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



I shall send famine upon you, and wild beasts, and destroy you. 1 Plague and blood will pass among you. I shall bring the sword upon you. I, the Lord, have spoken.

‘and destroy you’: this renders a different Syriac verb than in 5:16. See also Introduction. Addendum 3.

1



‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܽܝܘ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܫܕܪ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ ܟ ݂ܦܢܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܐܝ ݁ܬܐ ܥܠܝ ݁ܟܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܺܒܝܫ ݁ܬܐ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܡܘ ݁ܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡـܐ ܢܶܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 









 



Because of this, fathers will eat their children in your midst, and children will eat their fathers. I shall judge you. I shall scatter those who remain in your midst to the four winds. 1

Because of this, as I live! says the Lord of lords: Because you profaned my sanctuary with all your abomination, with all your corruption, I shall scatter you 2 too. My eye will not pity you, and I shall show you no mercy.

One part of you will die in death. 3 They will be consumed by famine in your midst. Another (part) will fall by the sword around you. The third (part) I shall scatter to the four winds, and the sword 4 will follow them, laying waste. 5

My anger will be sated, my rage will settle upon them, and I shall be consoled; they will know that I am the Lord, that I have spoken in my zeal, when I have sated my anger on them. I make you desolate, 6 a reproach among the nations around you, before all who pass by. You will be a reproach, a blasphemy, a censure, 7 an (object of) awe, to the nations around you, when I bring (my) judgments upon you, in anger, in rage, in the rebuke of my anger. I, the Lord, have spoken.

When I have sent against you the evil arrows of famine to destroy 8 — and I shall send them to destroy you — and I shall inflict on you further famine 9 and break the stalk of your grain —

‘the four winds’: lit. ‘every wind’. So too elsewhere. ‘I shall scatter you’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘in death’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘sword … sword’: two different Syriac nouns are used in this verse. 5 ‘will follow them, laying waste’: lit. ‘lay waste after them’. 6 ‘desolate’: lit. ‘a desolation’ (so MT) or ‘a sword’. 7 ‘censure’: lit. ‘chastisement’. 8 ‘to destroy’: lit. ‘that were for destruction’. 9 ‘inflict on you further famine’: lit. ‘famine add upon you’. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬

‫ܽ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܗܐ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠـܘܢ � ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ܺ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܪܘܚ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐܥܒ ݂ܕ ܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܕ�ܢܐ‪ :‬ܘܐ݂ܕܪ ܐ �ܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܫ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ :‬ܥܰـܠ ݁ܕ ܰܛܢܶ ݂ܦ ݁‬ ‫ܫـܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ‬ ‫ـܬ ̱ܝ ܰܡܩ ݁ ܰܕ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܢܝ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‬ ‫ܛܢ ݁ܦ ܶ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܛ ܽܡܐܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܐ ݂ܦ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܐ݂ܕܚ ܶܩ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ� ܐ ܰܪ ܶܚܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܟܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡܘ ݁ ܳܬܐ ܽܢܡܘ ܽܬܘܢ‪ܰ .‬ܘܒ ܰܟܦ ܳܢܐ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܚ ݂ܕ ܐ ܡܢ ݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܢܣܘ ݂ܦܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘܐ̱‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܶ ݁ܦܠܘܢ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ �ܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ܟܠ ܪܘܚ ܐ݂ܕܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘܣܝܦܐ ܢܚܪܘ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ܬܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡ� ܽܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ܺܝܚ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢـܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ـܐ‬ ‫ܘܐܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܡܠܝ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܗܘܢ ܪܘ ݂ܓܙ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܡܠ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܛܢ ̱‬ ‫ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܠ ܶܚܣ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܐ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝـܢ‬ ‫ܗܘܝܢ ܠܚܣـܕ ܐ ܘܠ ݂ܓܘܕ ݂ܦـܐ‪ :‬ܘܠܡـܪ ܕܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘܠ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ܳܣ ܽܢـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܪܘ ݂ܓـܙ ̱ܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܶܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ ݂ܬ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫـ ݁ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟـܘܢ ݁ ܶܓـܐ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܘ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܕܐ ܰܫـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܠܡ ܰܚ ݁ ܳܒܠܽܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܽܒܘܪ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 





 

 



 

Now you, O mortal man, take a blade, sharp as a barber’s razor, pass it over your head and over your beard. Take weighing scales, and divide them into three parts.

One of the three parts: burn in the midst of the city, when the days of your imprisonment are completed. You shall take another part and cut it up with the blade, all around the city. You shall scatter the third part to the wind. The blade will lay waste after them. Take a small number (of pieces) from there and tie 1 them into your hem.

Take also of them and throw them into the middle of the fire. You shall burn them in the fire, and fire will go out from them upon all those of the house of Israel. Thus said the Lord of lords: I have set this Jerusalem in the midst of the nations, of all the countries 2 around her.

She exchanged my judgments for the sin of the nations, my commandments for the countries around her: for they despised my judgments, they did not obey 3 my commandments.

Because of these (things), thus says the Lord of lords: Since you were esteemed 4 more than the nations around you, yet you did not obey my commandments, you did not observe my judgments but observed the judgments of the nations around you —

Because of this, thus says the Lord of lords: See! I am against you, I shall set judgments in your midst, in the sight of all the nations. I shall do to you a thing which I have never done, and the like of which I shall never do again, because of all your abominations. 5

‘tie’: lit. ‘form’. ‘countries’ or in other contexts, ‘cities’. So too passim. 3 ‘obey’: lit. ‘walk in’. So too passim. 4 ‘esteemed’: lit. ‘reckoned’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘abominations’ or ‘uncleanness’. So too passim. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܰܣ ݂ܒ‪ܰ :‬ܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܺܪܝ ݂ܦ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܟ ܳܝܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ܳܪ ܳܥܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܝـ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝܫ ݂ܟ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܢـ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܣـ ݂ܒ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ܰܣـܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ̈ܩـ�‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܰܦܠـ ݂ܓ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫ܰܳ‬ ‫ܡ� ̈ܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܩܕ ݁ܒ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܫܠܡـ ̱ܘ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܚـܪ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܦ ܽܣـܘܩ ݁ܒ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦـܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܶ� ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܫܝ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܒ‬ ‫ܡܢ ݂ܬܐ ܐ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ ܰܣܝ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݂ܶܕ ܶܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܪܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܙܥܘ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܡ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܨܘܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܟܢ ݂ ܳܦ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܩـܕ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ܰܣـ ݂ܒ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܡܢـ‬ ‫ܪܡـܐ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܽܢـ ܶܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܘܡܢܗܘܢ ܬܦܘܩ ܢܘܪ ܐ ܥܠ ݁ܟ�ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܬ ̇ܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ‬ ‫�ܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢـ ݂ܬ ܥ ̱ܡܡـܐ ܣܡـ‬ ‫ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪ ܐ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܚ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳ�ܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ� ݂ ܰܦ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܰܒܚܛܝ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܽܦـ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕܝـ ܳ�ܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ� ̇ܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢܝ ܐܣܠܝܘ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ � ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܫ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡـܪ ܐ ܡـ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܥـܠ ܕܐ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܢܝ � ܰܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܰܢـܝ � ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ‬ ‫݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ̱ܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ܶܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̈�ܢܶܐ‬ ‫�ܥܺܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ� ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܛܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

    

 



You will have twenty shekels 1 of food daily, to be eaten at fixed times. Your (drinking) water will be restricted. 2 You shall drink a sixth of a hin 3 at fixed times.

You shall eat a flat barley cake, baked over human excrement, in their sight.

The Lord said: Thus will the children of Israel eat their bread, unclean, among the nations where I shall drive them out.

I said: O God, Lord of lords, I have not been unclean; 4 I have not eaten (anything) diseased, or torn by an (a wild) animal, from my youth until today. Unclean meat has not entered my mouth. He said to me: See! I have given you bulls’ excrement instead of human excrement, and you will bake 5 your bread on that. 6

He said to me: O mortal man, See! I break the stalk of grain 7 in Jerusalem. They will eat bread by weight, in thirst they will drink water by the measure. They will want for bread and for water, man and his brother will perish; they will waste away in their iniquity.

A shekel was a little over half an ounce. ‘Your (drinking) water will be restricted’: lit. ‘Water by measure you will drink’. 3 ‘hin’: equivalent to about 1 US gallons or about 4 liters. 4 ‘I have not been unclean’: lit. ‘my soul was not defiled’. 5 ‘bake’: lit. ‘make’. 6 ‘that’: lit. ‘them’. 7 ‘stalk of grain’ or ‘beam of food’. So too 5:16. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬

‫ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܣܪܝܢ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ܳ ̈ܩܠ ܺܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܟܘܠ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ � ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܟ ܳܝܠ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܬܫ ݁ܬܐ‪ .‬ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܶܫ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܡ� ̈ܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܗ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡܢ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ � ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܬܫ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܛ ܺܘܝ ܥܰܠ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܺ‬ ‫�� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܣ� ܶ� ܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ‪ :‬ܕ‬ ‫ܘܪܥ ݂ܦܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽـܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܰܠܚ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܡـܗܘܢ ݁ܒܛܢ ݁ ܽܦـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܶ ݁ :‬ܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ݂ܕ ܽܚܘܩ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܠ ݂ܬ ܳܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܥـܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܛܢ ݂ ܳܦـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ‬ ‫ـܪ ܐ‬ ‫ـܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܠـ ܳܗܐ ܳܡـ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܢ ݂ܦܫـ ̱ܝ � ܗܘ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܘܐܡـ‬ ‫ܰܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ‬ ‫ܠܚܝܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ � ܐ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬ ܡـܢ ܛ�ܝـܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܘܥ ݂ܕܡـܐ �ܝܘܡـܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܥـܠ ܠ ݂ܦـ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܣܪ ܐ ܛܢ ݁ ܳܦܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܘ� ܐ ܚܠـ ݂ܦ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܚܡ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܽܒ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܘܪܫܠܶـܡ‪ :‬ܘܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽـܘܢ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܚܡـܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰܩ ܳܢܝܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܽܒ ݂‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܒܡ ݂ܬܩ�‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ̈ܗ ܳܘܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܟ ܳܝܠ ݁ܬܐ ܢܶܫ ݁ܬܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܢܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܗܘܘܢ ܺܨܪܝ ݂ ܺܟܝܢ ܠ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܢܣܘ ݂ ܽܦـܘܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰܘ ܽܐܚـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܣـܘܢ‬ ‫݁ܒܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘ�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  







  

Now you, O mortal man, take a brick 1 and place it before you. Engrave upon it the city (of) Jerusalem. Lay siege to it. Build siege mounds against it, ambushes lying in wait, build 2 encampments against it, towers 3 surrounding it.

Take a gridiron, make with it an iron wall between you and the city, and set your face against it: it will be besieged, you will oppress it. This is s sign to those of the house of Israel.

Lie down on your left side, and set the iniquity of the house of Israel upon it. And (according to) the number of the days that you lie on it, you will take upon yourself 4 their iniquity. I have given you two iniquities for the number of the days: (for) three hundred and ninety days, you shall take upon yourself the iniquity of the house of Israel.

You will complete these (days). Then you will lie down on your right side, and take upon yourself the iniquity of those of the house of Judah (for) forty days: I have given you a day for a year. You shall set your face against the siege 5 of Jerusalem, strengthen your arm, and prophesy against it. See! I shall put chains on you, and you will not turn from one side to the other 6 until the days of your imprisonment are completed.

Take wheat and barley, beans and lentils, millet and rye, and put them in one vessel, and make your bread from them. You shall eat it during 7 the three hundred and ninety days during which you lie upon your side.

‘brick’ or ‘tile’. ‘Build … build …’: lit. ‘Make … pitch camp against’ (two different Syriac words). 3 ‘towers’ or ‘battlements/turrets’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘take upon yourself’: lit. ‘bear’. So too 4:5,6. 5 ‘siege’ or ‘suffering’. 6 ‘one side to the other’: lit. ‘your side to your side’. 7 ‘during’: lit. ‘for the number of’. 1 2



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܕ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܪܫـܘܡ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܡ ̇‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬ܣـ ݂ܒ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܠ ݂ܒـ‬ ‫ܝـܗ‬ ‫ܺ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܫܠܡ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܝـܗ ܰܩ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫�ܩ ̈ܘ ܶܡـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܟ ܶܡـܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܘ�ܨ ܳܢܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܒ ܺܢـܝ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܰܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ ݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܫܪ ܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ ܰܡܫ�ܝܳ ݂ܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܺܙܘܝ ̈ ݂ܕܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܳܠ ݂ܟ � ݂ܓ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪܙ�‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݁ ܳܕܝ ̱ܗܝ ܐܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪܙ� ݂ ܰܒܝ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢـ ݁ܬܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܒܚ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܝـܐ ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܛ ܶܝ ݂ܒ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܐ�ܨ ̇‬ ‫ܝـܗ‪ܳ :‬ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܶܤ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܣܝܡ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܣ ܳܡ ܳ�‪ܺ :‬‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܥܠܰـܘ ̱ܗܝ‪:‬‬ ‫݁ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ̱ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܡܢܝܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܡ ݂ܟ ܐܢ ̱ܬ ܥܠܘ ̱ܗܝ ܬܫܩܘܠ ܥܘ�ܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ܺܠܝܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢ� ܳܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܳܡـܐܐ ܘ ݂ܬܫܥܺܝـܢ‬ ‫ܺ ܳܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܫܩܘܠ ܥܰܘ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܺܡ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ݂ܶܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰـܠ ܶܤ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܬܫ‬ ‫ܫܩـܘܠ ܥܰـܘ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ܕ ܐ ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܝܢ ܰܝܘܡܝܢ‪ :‬ܝܰܘܡܐ ܠ ܰܫܢ̱ܬܐ ܝ ܶܗ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘ�ܨ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܕܐܘ ܶܪܫܠ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ܰܛ ܶܝ ݂ܒ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ܐ ܽ ܳ‬ ‫ܥܫܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܶܒܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇‬ ‫ܝܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܣ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬܗ ݂ ܶܦـ ݂ܟ ܶܡـܢ ܶܤ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܰܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ݂ܟ ܶ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫ܪܡܝ ݂ܬ ܥܠܝܟ ܫܫܠـ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܝ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܢܫ�ܡܘܢ ܝܘܡ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܪܡܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ‬ ‫ܘܣ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ܟ ܚܛܐ ܘܣ�� ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܓܘܡܐ ܘܛ� ݂ܦܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܘܚܢܐ ܘ ݂ܟܘܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܚܡܐ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫݁ܒ ܳܡ ܳܐܢܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܡ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡـ ݂ܟ ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ܥܰـܠ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ‬ ‫ܶܤ ܳ‬ ‫ܛܪ ݂ܟ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܳܡܐܐ ܘ ݂ܬܫܥܺܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܟܠܝܘ ̱ܗܝ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  



So I got up, and went out to the plain, and there stood the glory of the God of Israel, like the glory I had seen by the river Chebar. I fell upon my face. The spirit entered into me, stood me on my feet, spoke with me and said to me: Go in, shut yourself up in your house.

For you, O mortal man, See! They are putting you in chains, binding you with them, so that you may not go out among them.

I will make your tongue cleave to the roof of your mouth: 1 you will be dumb, you will not reprove them 2 — for they are of a rebellious house. When I speak with you, I shall open your mouth so that you may say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords ‘He who hears will hear, he who trembles will tremble’ for they are of a rebellious house.

‘roof of your mouth’: lit. ‘roof of your palate’. 2 ‘reprove them’: lit. ‘be a reproving man to them’. 1



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪:‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܘܩܡ ݂ܬ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ܦܩܥ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܡܢ ܩܐܡ ̱ܗܘܐ ܫـܘ ݂ܒܚܗ ܕܐܠـܗܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡـܝ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܘܥ ܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ ܺܠـܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܥܰܠ � ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡܠـܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽܥܘܠ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݂ ݇ܒܫ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܐܣܪܝـܢ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܕ� ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ‬ ‫ܟܗ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗܐ ܪ ܶܡܝܢ ܥܠܝܟ ܫܫܠـ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠ ܳܫ ܳܢ ݂ܟ ܰܐ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒܩ ܰܠ ̈ܫ ܰܡܝ ܶܚ ݁ ܳܟ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܽ‬ ‫ܚܪܫ ܳܘ� ݂ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ܳܣܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܚ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܺܬ ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ‬ ‫� ܢܐ ܥܡ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܟܙ ܘܡܐ ݂ܳܕܡܡܠ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܳܙ ܐܥ‪ܽ :‬ܢܙܘܥ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܫ ܰܡܥ ܢܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܡܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

 

  II

 











The spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the sound of a great commotion 1 saying: Blessed be the glory of the Lord from his place.

And the sound of the wings of the living creatures, buffeting against each other, and the sound of the wheels with them, and the sound of the great commotion. The spirit lifted me up and carried me. I went in the passion of my spirit, and the hand of the Lord was heavy upon me. I went to the exiles, in Tel-akib, by the river Chebar, and stayed there for seven days, silent among them. After the seven days, the word of the Lord came to me saying:

O mortal man, I have made you the watchman of those of the house of Israel. You will hear the words of my mouth; you will give them my warning.

When I say to the sinner ‘You will surely die’, and you do not warn him, do not speak to the sinner so that he may change his ways 2 and live, that sinner will die in his iniquity, and I will hold you responsible for his death. 3 But if you do warn the sinner, and he does not turn away from his sin and from his evil path, he will die in his sins and you will save your soul. And when the righteous man shall turn from his righteous way and do evil, I shall set a stumbling-block before him and he will die. He will die because you did not warn him when he sinned, and the righteous deeds which he did will not be remembered on his behalf, and I will hold you responsible for his death. But if you do warn the righteous man, so that he will not sin and has not sinned, the righteous man whom you warned will live, and you will save your soul.

The hand of the Lord was upon me there, and he said to me: Get up, go out to the plain; I will speak with you there. ‘commotion’: lit. ‘shaking’. So too 3:13. ‘change his ways’: lit. ‘be warned from his path’. 3 ‘hold you responsible for his death’: lit. ‘seek his blood from your hand’. 3:20 is similar. 1 2



‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫ܨܚ ܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫‪ ‬ܟܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟܒ‬

‫ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܬܪ ̱ܝ ܳܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܥܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܽܟـܘ ܐ ܺ ܳܝܩـ ܶܪܗ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ :‬ܘܫܡܥ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬܪܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܛܪ ݁ ܺܦܝܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܥܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܥ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܩܠ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒܠ ݁ܬ ̱ܢܝ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ܙܶ ̱ܠ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܺܚܐ ݂ܦܐ ݂ܕܪ ̱‬ ‫ܥܠ ܰܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܶܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶܠ ݂ܬ ܰܠܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ܬ� ݂ ܺܟܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ :‬ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥـܐ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܺܡܝܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܺ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܠܡ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܒ ݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ‪݁ :‬ܕ ݂ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܒܪܢܫܐ‪ :‬ܕܘܩـܐ ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܳܫ ܰܡـܥ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܦـ ̱‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪.‬‬ ‫݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ܐܢܘܢ ܡ ̱‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܳܛ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܳܡܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚܛ ܳܝܐ‬ ‫ܡܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘ� ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ݁ܬܝ ̱ܗܝ ܘ� ܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ܬ ܶܠܗ‬ ‫ܐܚـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܗܘ ܰܚ ܳܛ ܳܝـܐ ݂ܒܥܰـ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚܗ ܘ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫݂ܕܢܶܙ݁ܕ ܰܗܪ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܠܗ ܽܢܡـܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡـܗ ܶܡـܢ ܐ ܺܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܺ ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܬܗ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܐ ܽ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪܚـܗ ݁ ܺܒܝܫـ ݁ܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܗܘ‬ ‫ܐܢ ݁ܬ ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ‬ ‫ܠܚܛ ܳܝܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܢܶܗ ݁ܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܚܛܝ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ ܰܒܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܦܨܶ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܶܶ ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܢܶܗ ݁ ܽܦܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩܘ ݂ܬܗ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܥܰـܘ�‪ :‬ܐ ݁ܬܠ ݁ܬܘ ܰܩܠـ ݂ܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܘ ̱ܗܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܽܢܡܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ݁ܕ� ܰܙ ܰܗܪ ݁ܬܝ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܒܚܛ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܽܢܡـܘ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟـܪ ܶܠـܗ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩـܘ ݂ܬܗ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ‪ܰ :‬ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܗ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܟ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ݁ܺ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܛܐ‪ܰ :‬ܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܩܐ ܺܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܐܙ݁ܕ ܰܗܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ܬ ܰܙ ܰܗܪ �ܙ ܕܝܩܐ‪ :‬ܕ� ܢܚܛܐ ܘ�‬ ‫݁ܬ ݂ ܰܦܨܶ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܽ :‬ܩܘܡ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ܰܠ ݂ܦ ܰܩܥـ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡـܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܐ ܰܡܠܠ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  

   

 

 

He said to me: O mortal man, eat whatever you find: eat this scroll, and go and speak to the children of Israel. I opened my mouth, and he made me eat that scroll.

He said to me: O mortal man, fill your belly and your bowels with this scroll that I give you. I ate it, and it was like sweet honey in my mouth.

He said to me: O mortal man, go to the exiles, 1 to the children of Israel, and speak my words to them.

For I did not send you to a people of halting 2 speech, of stuttering tongue, (but) to those of the house of Israel.

Nor to many nations whose speech you would not understand: if I had sent you to them they might have listened to you. For those of the house of Israel do not listen to you, because they do not want to hear me: for the whole house of Israel is defiant, 3 hardhearted. See! I have made your face strong to oppose their faces, I have made you look strong to confront 4 them. 5

I have made your forehead like adamant, which is stronger than flint. Do not fear them, do not tremble before them, for they are of a rebellious house.

He said to me: O mortal man, store 6 in your heart, listen carefully to all my words which I speak to you, Go again, return to the exiles, to the children of your people, speak with them, say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords. Perhaps they will listen and tremble. ‘to the exiles’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 2 ‘halting’: lit. ‘difficult’. 3 ‘defiant’: lit. ‘strong/hard between their eyes (i.e. forehead)’. See too 3:8. 4 ‘to oppose … to confront’: lit. ‘against … against’. 5 ‘you look strong to confront them’: lit. ‘your forehead against their foreheads’. 6 ‘store’: lit. ‘receive’. 1



‫ܰܶ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬

‫ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܓ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܰܟܚ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ܰܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݂ ܽܟـ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܠܝ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ ܶܟܪ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܙܠ ܡܠܠ ܥܡ ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ ݁ ܶܟܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܰܗܘ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܝ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܟܠ ̱‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܡܠ ܺܝ ݂ ܰܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܣ ݂ܟ ܰܘ ̈ܡܥܰܝ ݁ܟ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܟܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܝܳـ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ‬ ‫ܠܬܗ ܰܘ ܳ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܝ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫܐ ܰܚ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܐ ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫�ـܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡـܪ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܙܶܠ ܽܥܘܠ ܠܫ ݂ܒܝـ ݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܡ�� ܰܘ�ܥ ܶ ݂ܓ ܶܠ ܳܫ ܳܢܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ‬ ‫ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ܶ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܥܰ ܺܡܝܩ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪.‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܽ‬ ‫ܐܠـܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܳܘܐ ݂ܦ ܳ� ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܫ ܰܡܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܰܡܡܠ ܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܝـܗܘܢ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ܳܫܡܥܺܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ� ܳܫܡܥܺܝܢ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܢܝ‪݁ .‬ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ‬ ‫ܠܡܫܡܥܰ ̱‬ ‫݁ ܶܓܝܪ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܶ‬ ‫ܩܫܐ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳܗܐ ܰܐܥܫܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝـ ݁ܟ ܰܐ ܶ‬ ‫ܫـܪ ݂ܬ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܫ ܺܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܪ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܛ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ‪݂ �ܳ :‬ܬ݂ܶܕ ܰܚـܠ ܶܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܢـܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘ�‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܬ ܽܙܘܥ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܝܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ܰܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ ݁ :‬ܟܠ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰ ̈ܡܝ ݁ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ ̈ܕ ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܡܠ ܶܠ ܥܰ ܽ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܘܢ ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫�ـܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܙܶܠ ܳ ܽܥܘܠ ܠܫ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪݁ :‬ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܢܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥܘܢ ܰܘ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

Chapter 

  

  

 

 

He said to me: O mortal man, get to your feet — I will speak with you.

The spirit entered into me as he spoke to me, and lifted me to my feet, and I heard him who spoke to me.

He said to me: O mortal man, I am sending you to the children of Israel — to a rebellious people who have rebelled against me, they and their fathers, they have transgressed against me to this very day.

I am sending you to children whose faces are stubborn, whose hearts are hard. Say to them: Thus says the Lord of lords.

Perhaps they will listen and tremble 1 — for they are a rebellious house, and they will know that you are a prophet in their midst. You, O mortal man, should not fear them, do not tremble at their words, though they boast and they despise you, 2 for you live among scorpions. Do not fear their words, do not tremble at the sight of them, 3 for they are a rebellious house. But speak my words to them. Perhaps they will listen and tremble — for they are a rebellious house.

But you, O mortal man, hear what I say to you. Do not be rebellious, like the rebellious house, but open your mouth and eat whatever I give you. I saw — See! A hand stretched out towards me, and in it a scroll. 4

He stretched it out before me. It was written on both the inside and the outside, and written in it were wailing, lamentation, and mourning.

‘tremble’ or ‘be moved’. See too 2:7; 3:11,27. See Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘they despise you’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 3 ‘at the sight of them’: lit. ‘from their faces’. 4 ‘scroll’: lit. ‘scroll of a book’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܒ‪.‬‬

‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܽ :‬ܩܘܡ ܥܰܠ � ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ ݁ܟ ܐ ܰܡܠܠ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ݁ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܥ ܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀‬ ‫ܬ ̱ܢܝ ܥܰܠ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܰܝ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥܶـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪ :‬ܘܐܩܝܡ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫݁ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܠ ܥܰ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܶܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܣܪܐܝܠ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܡ ܽܪܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ :‬ܡܫܕܪ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܠ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܒܢܝ ܐ‬ ‫݂ ܰܕ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܪ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰܝ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܘܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܥܠ ܺܝܘ ݁ ܺܒܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܒ ܰ� ܳ ̈ܝܐ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ̈ܫ ܳܝܢ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܡ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳܡ ܶܪ ܐ ܳܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܢܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥܘܢ ܰܘ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢـܐ‪ :‬ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܺܒ ܳܝـܐ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝـ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫ ـܐ ܳ� ݂ܬ݂ܶܕ ܰܚ ـܠ ܶܡܢـ ܽ‬ ‫ـܗܘܢ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܢ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ـ ܽܗܘܢ � ݂ܬ ܽܙܘܥ‪݁ :‬ܕ ܳܣܪ ݁ ܺܒܝــܢ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡܣܠܝــܢ ܳܠ ـ ݂ܟ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛ ـܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ـ ݂ܬ ܥ ܰܩ� ݁ ܶܒ ـܐ ܳܥ ܰܡ ـܪ ܐܢ ̱ـ ݁ܬ‪݂ � :‬ܬ݂ܕ ܰܚ ـܠ ܶܡ ـܢ‬ ‫ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ‬ ‫ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ � ݂ܬ ܽܙܘܥ‪ :‬ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒܝ‬ ‫ܳ ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫�ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰ ̈ܡܝ‪݁ :‬ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܢܶܫ ܽ‬ ‫ܡܥܘܢ ܰܘ ܽܢܙ ܽ‬ ‫ܶܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ‬ ‫ܘܥܘܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܡܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܡܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪݂ �ܳ :‬ܬܶ ܶ‬ ‫ܫܡܥ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܳܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܪܡـܪܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܝـ ݁ܬܐ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܰܡ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܶܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܡ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܟ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܘܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳܠ ݂ܟ‪.‬‬ ‫ܪܡܪ ܳܢܐ‪ :‬ܐ� ݂ܦ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܺܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܫܛ ݂ ݀‬ ‫�ܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ‪ܺ :‬ܘܐܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܟܪ ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ܕ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܘܗܐ ܐܝ ݂ܕ ܐ ܐ ݂ܬܦ‬ ‫ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܳܰ ܰ ܺ‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܬܝ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒܣـ ݁ܬ ܶܪܗ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܝ ̈ ݂ ܳܒـܢ ݁ ܶܒـܗ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܦܫܛܗ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܟ ݂‬ ‫ܺ ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ ̈݁ܳ ܳ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫�ܝ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܩ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܚܫܒ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܐܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 



  

 







As they (the living creatures) went, they (the wheels) went; as they (the living creatures) stood, they (the wheels) stood; as they rose up from the ground, the wheels rose up with them, for the living spirit was in the wheels. Stretched out above the heads of the living creatures, there seemed to be the form 1 of the appearance of a mighty crystal.

Beneath it, their wings, held straight, opposite one another, one above the other, 2 two covering them, and two covering their bodies. I heard the sound of their wings, like the sound of great waters: as they went, it was like the voice 3 of God, like the sound of speech in the midst of a host; 4 as they stood their wings were still. The voice was above the roof which was over their heads; as they stood their wings were still.

Above the roof which was over their heads, it seemed that there was the vision of a sapphire stone, in the form of a throne; and on the form of the throne it seemed that there was a form, like the appearance of a man upon it, above.

I saw what seemed to be a vision of God, 5 as a vision of fire from within, around it: from the appearance of his loins and higher, from his loins and below; I saw what seemed to be 6 a vision of fire, brightness all around it. Like the vision of a bow seen 7 in the clouds on a rainy day, such was the vision of the brightness around it: thus was the vision of the image of the glory of the Lord. I saw it; I fell upon my face; I heard the voice of one who spoke.

‘form’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. ‘one above the other’: lit. ‘one above and one below’. 3 ‘voice’: same Syriac word as ‘sound’ later in the verse. 4 ‘host’: lit. ‘encampment’. 5 ‘God’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘what seemed to be’: lit. ‘like’. See notes on 1:4. 7 ‘seen’: lit. ‘which was’. 1 2



‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܳܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܟܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̈ܩܠـܢ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܳ :‬ܫ ̈ܩܠ ܳܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ� ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗܝܢ‪ܶ .‬ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚـܐ ܰܚܝـ ݂ܬܐ ܐܺܝـ ݂ܬ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱ܳ ݀݁ ܺ ̈ ܶ‬ ‫̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܓܝ ݂ܓ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܺ‬ ‫ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܩܪܘܤܛܠـܘܣ‬ ‫ܟܒ ܰܘܡ ݂ܬܝܚ �ܥ ܶܠ ܡـܢ ܪܝܫـܐ ݂ܕܚ�ـܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕܡـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܚـܙܘܐ ݂ܕ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܺܚܝ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܓ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚܘ ݂ ܰܬܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ܬ ܺܪ ܺܝܨܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒܠ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ �ܥܶـܠ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܡـܢ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫�ܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܝܢ ݁ ܽܓܘܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܚ ݁ܬ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܝܢ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠ݂‬ ‫ܘܫܡܥ ܶ ݂ܬ ܳܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܩ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܩـ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܕ ܶ‬ ‫ܐܠـ ܳܗܐ ܳܡـܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ̈‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‬ ‫ܡ�ـ� ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܡܫܪܝـ ݂‬ ‫݂ ܳܕܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗܘܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܩـ� ݂ܕ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܡܫ‬ ‫�ܝܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܝܗܝــܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܟܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܛ� ـ� ݂ ܰܕ�ܥ ܶ ـܠ ܶܡ ـܢ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ̈ܝ ܳܡ ـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‬ ‫ܘܗ ܶܘܐ ܳܩ ـ� ܥܰ ـܠ ܰܡ ̱‬ ‫ܰ ̈ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫�ܝܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܫ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܝܫ ܶ‬ ‫ܛ�� ݂ ܰܕ�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ܺ� ܰ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܰܘ�ܥ ܶܠ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܳܦـܐ ݂ܕܣܦܝـ�‪:‬‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝـܐ‪ :‬ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܽܡـܘ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ‬ ‫ܘܪܣܝܐ‪ :‬ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܕ ܽܡـܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܰܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ �ܥ ܶܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܕ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܟܙ ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܠ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܳܚ ݂ ܰܕܪ ܶܠܗ‪ܶ :‬ܡـܢ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝـܬ ܰܐܝـܟ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ܕ ܽܢـ ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘ�ܥ ܶܠ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܰܚ ܰܨ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܰܘܠ ݂ܬܚ ݁ܬ‪݂ ݂ ܺ :‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ ܳܟ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܶܠܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܛـܪ ܐ‪ܳ :‬ܗ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ܕ ܰܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ�ـܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܳ�ܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܟܚ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܚܙܘܐ ݂ܕܩܫ‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫̱‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݂ܕ ݂ ܳܟ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܶܠܗ‪ܳ .‬‬ ‫ܘܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐܝܩܪܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܡܠܠ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܛ ܘܚܙܝ ݂ܬܗ ܘܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ܐܦܝ‪ :‬ܘܫܡܥ ݂ܬ ܩ� ݂ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

  

  



  

Their faces and their wings were spread out above; two were joined to one another, and two were covering their bodies.

They went straight ahead of them, 1 as the spirit went; 2 they did not turn. The form of the living creatures was like a vision of burning coals of fire; there seemed to be a vision of torches moving among the living creatures: fire shone, lightning flashing 3 from it. The living creatures ran, they did not turn — like a vision of a shooting star. 4

I saw the living creatures — and see! wheels on the ground, by the side of the four living creatures.

The appearance of the wheels and their construction was like the appearance of chrysolith; 5 they were all alike; 6 their appearance and their construction 7 was like that of a wheel within a wheel.

They went towards their four sides, they did not turn; to the place where they turned their heads, 8 to go behind them, they went; they did not turn. The highest part was their backs, 9 which could see 10 — their backs were full of eyes, as the four of them went around.

As the living creatures went, the wheels went with them; as the living creatures rose up from the ground, the wheels rose up with them. To the place the spirit went, they went; and the wheels rose up with them, for the living spirit was in the wheels.

‘straight ahead of them’: lit. ‘before them’. 2 ‘as the spirit went’: lit. ‘to the place where the spirit/wind went’. So too 1:20. 3 ‘flashing’: lit. ‘was coming out from’. 4 ‘shooting star’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 5 ‘chrysolith’: here, and in other cases, when dealing with valuable non-metals there is always some uncertainty. 6 ‘they were all alike’: lit. ‘one appearance (was) for the four of them’. 7 ‘construction … construction’: lit. ‘work … work’. 8 ‘they turned their heads’: lit. ‘their head had turned’. 9 ‘The highest part was their backs’: lit. ‘Height was in their backs’. 10 ‘could see’: lit. ‘were seeing’. MT ‫ ויראה‬is either a noun from the root ‫‘ ירא‬to fear’ or is derived from ‫‘ ראה‬to see’. 1



‫‪ ‬ܝܐ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܒ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܗ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܝܛ‬ ‫‪ ‬ܟ‬

‫ܰܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܘ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ܦ ܺܪ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܣܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡܢ �ܥ ܶܠ‪݁ :‬ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ܰܢ ܺܩܝ ݂ ܺܦܝـܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܠܚـ ݂ܕ‪:‬‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܝܢ ݁ܓܘܫܡܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ̈ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܽ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ‪ :‬ܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘ ܽܠܘܩ ݂ ܰܒ� ܶܗܝܢ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗܘܝ � ݂ܬܪ ܐ ݂ܕܐܙ ̱� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܪ‬ ‫ܰܘܕ ܽܡܘ ܳܬܐ ܕ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ܳܬܐ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܕ ܽܓܘܡ ܶ� ܐ ܕ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕܝܳ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܳܕܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶܚـ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠܡ ݁ ܺܦܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‬ ‫݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫݂ܳ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܡܗܠ ݂ ܳܟܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܶܒܝ ݂ܬ ܚ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ‪ :‬ܘܡܙܗܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܢܘܪ ܐ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܒܪܩܐ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ̱ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ̇ܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܳ�ܗ�ܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ̈� ܳܝܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܺܙܝܩ ݁ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ݂ ܰܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܐܪܥܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܐ� ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫݂ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܰܘܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܕ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܺ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܫ‬ ‫ܝܗܝـܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܝܫ‪ :‬ܘ݂ܕܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ܚـ ݂ܕ ܐ �� ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ܶ ݂ ܰ ݂ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܙܘܗܝܢ ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕܗܝܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܓܝ ݂ܓ� ݂ܒ ݂ܓܘ ݁ܓܝ ݂ܓ�‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܳܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܳܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟـܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܰ :‬ܘ� ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܳܢܝـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀‬ ‫ܰ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫݂ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܺܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܝܫܝ ݁ܬ ܶܗܝܢ ܠܡܐܙܠ ܒ ݂ܬܪܗ ܐ ܙ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗܘܝ ܘ� ܡ ݂ܬܗ ݂ܦܟܢ ̱ܗܘܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܬ ܶ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܶܗܝܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚ ̈ܙ ܝܳܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ܰ‬ ‫ܝܗܝـܢ‬ ‫ܘܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܶܗܝܢ ܡ� ��ܢܐ ̱ܗܘܐ‪ :‬ܕܐ� ܒܥ ݂‬ ‫݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ� ݁ ܳܟܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ‪ܳ :‬ܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓـ ܶ� ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܡܗܝـܢ‪ܳ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̈ܩܠـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‬ ‫ܶ ݂‬ ‫ܳ ܰ‬ ‫ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܪܥܐ‪ܳ :‬ܫ ̈ܩܠܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓ� ܥܰܡܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܽ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܳܐ ܳܙ̈ ̱ܠܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܘ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ ܶ� ܳܫ ̈ܩܠ ܳܢ ̱ܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ܥܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ� ݁ ܰܬܪ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܐܙ ̱� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܡܗܝـܢ‪ܶ :‬ܡܛـܠ‬ ‫ܶ ݂ ݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫݁ܕ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܚܐ ܰܚܝ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܺ ݂ܓ ̈ܝ ݂ܓ�‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

Ch. 

I



 



     

Chapter 

It happened, in the thirtieth year, on the fifth day of the fourth month, when I was among the exiles 1 by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened and I saw a vision of God. On the fifth day of the month, in the fifth year of the exile of Jehoiachin king of Judah,

The word of the Lord came to Ezekiel, son of Buzi the priest, in the land of the Chaldeans, by the river Chebar. The hand of the Lord came upon me 2 there. I saw — See! A whirlwind, 3 coming from the north; a great cloud; a fire, breaking into flame, brightness all round it; and from its midst there seemed to be 4 a vision, 5 from the midst of the fire.

From its midst, the form of four living creatures, their appearance 6 like that of men. 7 Each had four faces and four wings.

Their feet were straight; the soles of their feet were like the soles of calves’ (feet), shining like brass.

There was a human hand beneath their wings, on their four sides; their faces, and their wings, on their sides — Their wings were joined to one another. As they went, they went straight ahead of them, they did not turn.

As for the form of their faces — on their right sides, the face of a man and the face of a lion; and on their left sides, the face of a bull and the face of an eagle.

‘exiles’: lit. ‘captivity’. So too passim. ‘upon me’: see Introduction. Addendum 3. 3 ‘whirlwind’: lit. ‘wind/spirit of a storm wind’. 4 ‘there seemed to be’: lit. ‘like/as’. So too 1:22, and similarly elsewhere. 5 ‘vision’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 6 ‘appearance’: same Syriac word as that translated as ‘vision’ in e.g. 1:1,16.22. 7 ‘like that of men’: lit. ‘like the form of the sons of men’. 1 2



‫ܶ‬ ‫ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ‪:‬‬ ‫ܨܚ ܐ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ܐ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܒ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܓ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܕ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܗ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܘ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܙ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܚ‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܛ‬

‫‪ ‬ܝ‬

‫ܐ‪.‬‬

‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚــܐ ܪ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܝ� ܳܝــܐ‪ܶ :‬ܘ ܳܐܢـܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـ ݂ܬܐ‬ ‫ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܒܫܢـ ݂ܬ ܬܠ ݂ܬܝــܢ ܒܚܡܫـ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫̱ܗ ܺܘܝ ݂ܬ‪ :‬ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ܶ :‬ܘܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ݂ܬܚ ̱ܘ ܰ‬ ‫ܫܡ ܳܝܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܠ ܳܗܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܰ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܢ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܶܡܫ ݁ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝܘܝܳ ݂ ܺܟܝܢ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܚܡܫ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܗܢـܐ‪ܰ ݁ :‬ܒ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘܙܝ ݂ ܳܟ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܚ ܺܙܩܝܐܶܝܠ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܽܒـ ܺ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܳܕ�̈ـܐ‬ ‫ܥܰܠ ܰܢܗܪ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܒܪ‪ܰ :‬ܘ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܠ ܰܝ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ‬ ‫ܪ�ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ‬ ‫ܬܐ‪ܽ :‬ܘܢــ ܳ‬ ‫ܚܙܝــ ݂ܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܰܘ ܺ‬ ‫ܘܗܐ ܽܪ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‬ ‫ܘܚــܐ ݂ܕܥ‬ ‫��ــ� ܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ــܐ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝــܐ‪ :‬ܥ�ܢــܐ ܪܒــ ݂‬ ‫ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ܰܐܝܟ ܶܚ ܳܙܘܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܽܢ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܡܙ ܳ‬ ‫ܗܪ ܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ‪ܶ :‬‬ ‫ܘܙ� ܰ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪.‬‬ ‫݂ܕܡ ݂ܬܓ‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܘܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܘ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܰܚ ̈� ܳܘܢ‪ :‬ܘܗܢܘ ܚܙ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰܘܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܐ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܺܦ ̈ܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ ܶ‬ ‫ܬܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ̈ܓ ܶ�‪ܰ :‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ݂ܒ� ܳܩܢ‬ ‫ܝܗܝܢ ݁ܦ ܺܫ ̈ܝ�ܢ‪ :‬ܘ ݂ܦ�ܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ� ݂ܓܠܝܗܝܢ‪ :‬ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܦ�ܣ ݂‬ ‫ܰ ݂‬ ‫݂‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܢܚܫܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܒܪܩ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܺܘܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚܝ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܰܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝـܢ ܘ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝـܢ‬ ‫݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪.‬‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܳܳ‬ ‫ܳ ܳ‬ ‫ܘ ݂ܶܓ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ܰܢ ܺܩܝ ݂ ܺܦܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ‬ ‫ܘܡܐ ݂ ܳܕܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠـܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܽܠـܘܩ ݂ ܰܒ� ܶܗܝܢ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠـܢ‬ ‫ܠܚ ݂ܕ‪:‬‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫ܰ‬ ‫̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪ :‬ܘ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܗ ݂ ̈ܦ ݁ ܳܟܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ‪.‬‬ ‫ܶ‬ ‫ܰܘ݂ܕ ܽܡܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ‪ܰ :‬ܐ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ̈ܶܦـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ‬ ‫ܐܪ�ـܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝـܢ‪݁ :‬ܕܝܰ ܺܡ ܳܝܢـܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ̈ܦـܐ‬ ‫ܳ‬ ‫ܕ ܰܬ ܳ‬ ‫ܘܪ ܐ‪ܰ :‬ܘܐ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ܳ‬ ‫ܫܪ ܐ‪݁ :‬ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܶܗܝܢ ݁ܕ ܶܣ ܳܡ�‪.‬‬ ‫݂݂‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܚܙܩܝܐܠ ܢܒܝܐ‬

‫ܥܘܬܕܐ‬ ‫ܚܡܠ ܟܬܒܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܦܪܐ ܕܚܙܩܝܐܠ ܢܒܝܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܐܬܦܚܡܬ ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ܆ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܗܕܐ ܥܠ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ܇ ܕܒܝܕ ܡܪܝ ܩܠܝܡܝܣ ܝܘܣܦ ܕܘܝܕ‬ ‫݀‬ ‫ܦܪܣܬ ܡܕܢܚܐܝܬ ܫܢܬ ܐܦܦܙ ـ ܐܦܨܐ܇ ܒܬܪ ܡܐ ܕܫܚܠܦܢܢ ܠܣܪܛ ̇ܗ ܡܢ‬ ‫ܐܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܠܡܥܪܒܝܐ܆ ܘܐܘܣܦܢܢ ܢܘܩܙܝ ܪܘܟܟܐ ܘܩܘܫܝܐ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ܆ ܘܢܝܫܐ‬ ‫ܕܡܒܛܠܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ‪.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܦܚܡܢܢ ܕܝܢ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܣ�ܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܐܫܟܚܢܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܒܨܝ�ܐ ܒܩ�ܝܢܐ܇ ܗܪܟܐ ܘܬܡܢ܇ ܒܝܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ‬ ‫ܕܐܝܬ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܘܣ�ܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܙܕܩ ܠܡܕܥ ܕܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ�ܝܢܐ ܕܒܡܦܩܬܐ‬ ‫ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܫܟܝܚܝܢ ܘܠܘ ܒܣ�ܝܛܐ ܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ̈‬ ‫ܐܬܘܬܐ‬ ‫ܒܕܘ�ܝܬܐ ܐܢܘܢ܆ ܘܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܣܝܡܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܫܪܟܐ‪ .‬ܣܕܪܐ‬ ‫ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ�ܝܢܐ ܥܠ ܕܦܐ ‪ XII‬ܫܟܝܚ ܒܓܒܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܬܪ� ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ‬ ‫ܪܕܝܐ‪ .‬ܐܝܬܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ‪ :‬ܟܬܒܢܢ )ܗܢܝܢ( ܳܓ� ̱ܝ )ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܓ ܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ‬ ‫ܣܓܝܐܢܝܐ( ܘܠܘ ܳܓܪ ܐܝܟ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܘܗܝ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ )ܚܙܝ‬ ‫ܟܓ‪:‬ܠܙ(‪ .‬ܘܟܬܒܢܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܚܠܦ ܺܪܫ )ܚܙܝ ܝ‪:‬ܐ( ܘܫܪܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܠܡ�ܦܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܝܘܟܝܠ‬ ‫ܣܟܐ ܕܝܢ ܩܘܒܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܡܩܪܒܝܢܢ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܒܦܘܚܡܐ ܥܠ ܣ�ܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ‪ .‬ܘܠܡܪܝܐ �ܗܐ‬ ‫ܘܕܘܢܐܠܕ ܘܐܠܬܪ ܕܥܕܪܘ‬ ‫ܬܘܕܝܢ ܕ� ̈‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܡܘܦܝܢ܀ ܐܝܢ ܘܐܡܝܢ܀‬ ‫ܪܝܫ ܨܘܡܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܝܢ܆ ܟܓ ܫܒܛ ܒܝܗ ܡ‬ ‫ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬ ‫ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ‬

‫ܗ‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܙܕܩܐ ܢܛܝܪܝܢ܀‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܚܙܩܝܐܠ ܢܒܝܐ‬ ‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܘܪܝܐܝܬ‬

‫ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬ ‫ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ‬

‫ܒܝܗ ܡ‬ ‫ܓܘܪܓܝܐܣ ܦܪܣ‬

‫ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝ�‬

‫ܔܝܠܝܐܢ ܓܪܝܢܒܝܪܓ‬ ‫ܕܘܢܐܠܕ ܡ‪ .‬ܘܐܠܬܪ‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬

‫̈‬ ‫ܡܦܚܡܢܝ ܫܫܠ�‬

‫ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ‬

‫ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܒܪ ܘܐܠܬܪ ܕܒܝܬ ݁‬ ‫ܝܘܟܝܠ‬

‫ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ‬ ‫ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ‬

‫ܣܦܪܐ ܕܚܙܩܝܐܠ ܢܒܝܐ‬