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THE ANTIOCH BIBLE
The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation
The Book of Women: Ruth, Susanna, Esther, and Judith
Ṣurath Kthobh
Editors George A. Kiraz Andreas Juckel
The Syriac Peshiṭta Bible with English Translation
The Book of Women: Ruth, Susanna, Esther, and Judith
English Translation by
Donald M. Walter Gillian English Translation by
Greenberg Text Prepared by
Donald M. Walter
George A. Kiraz
Text Prepared by
Gillian Greenberg Joseph Bali George Anton Kiraz Eric Tully
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Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2020 by Gorgias Press LLC
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.
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2020
ISBN 978-1-4632-0589-8
Printed in the United States of America
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................... v Foreword to the Edition ....................................................................... vii By George A. Kiraz Making of the Text ................................................................................... vii Orthographic Diversions from Mosul ................................................. viii Text Organization ....................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... x
Abbreviations........................................................................................... xi Introduction to the Translation .......................................................... xiii By Donald M. Walter, Gillian Greenberg and Eric Tully The Peshiṭta .............................................................................................. xiii The Book of Women .............................................................................. xiii Ruth ............................................................................................................ xiii Susanna ....................................................................................................... xv Esther .......................................................................................................... xv Judith ......................................................................................................... xvii Addenda .................................................................................................... xviii Addendum 1: Noteworthy Readings .................................................. xviii Ruth .......................................................................................................... xviii Esther ......................................................................................................... xix Judith .......................................................................................................... xix Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions ............................................... xx Esther .......................................................................................................... xx Judith ........................................................................................................... xx
Appendix 1: Versification .................................................................... xxi Appendix 2: Variant Readings ........................................................... xxv Based on Collations by Donald M. Walter Legend...................................................................................................... xxvi Variants in the spelling of select names ............................................ xxvii Ruth ........................................................................................................ xxviii Susanna ................................................................................................... xxxii Esther ........................................................................................................... xl Judith ........................................................................................................... lix
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Appendix 3: Names ........................................................................ lxxxvii Haman’s 10 Sons (Esther 9:7–9) ..................................................... lxxxvii Replacements ...................................................................................... lxxxvii Initial Locations ..................................................................................... lxxxvii Additions ............................................................................................. lxxxvii Deletions.............................................................................................. lxxxvii Replacements ...................................................................................... lxxxvii Transpositions (initial and following consonant) ........................ lxxxviii Medial Locations ................................................................................... lxxxviii Additions ............................................................................................ lxxxviii Deletions............................................................................................. lxxxviii Replacements ..................................................................................... lxxxviii Transpositions ................................................................................... lxxxviii Final Locations ....................................................................................... lxxxix Deletions............................................................................................... lxxxix Additions .............................................................................................. lxxxix Replacements ....................................................................................... lxxxix
Bibliography ........................................................................................... xci Lexica and Dictionaries........................................................................... xci Reference Texts ........................................................................................ xci General Interest ........................................................................................ xci
Text and Translation ............................................................................... 1
FOREWORD TO THE EDITION BY GEORGE A. KIRAZ The primary objective of this edition is twofold: to provide a reliable text for scholars and students who are looking for a fully vocalized Syriac text, and to make available to religious communities, for whom this text is sacred, an English translation that can be used in various religious and cultural settings. As such, one had to navigate carefully between rigid scholarly principles and practical editorial choices. Making of the Text The current edition provides a West Syriac version of the 1887–91 Peshiṭta Mosul text. 1 While the Mosul text was prepared based on second millennium manuscripts, its text is substantially attested by manuscripts belonging to the first millennium. As ancient MSS are hardly vocalized, our text relies on the vocalization of the Mosul edition. In addition to full vocalization, our text is supplemented with complete Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing and other orthographic markings, keeping in mind the general orthographic principles adopted by Pusey and Gwilliam in their 1901 Tetraeuangelium. 2 Hence, while the consonantal tier is substantially ancient, the vocalism and orthographic tiers are quite late. As the Mosul edition did not fully mark Rukkākhā and Quššāyā, these points were added and a regular expression 3 was applied to the text to Clemis Joseph David (ed.), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, 3 volumes, with an introduction by Sebastian P. Brock (Piscataway, NJ, 2010), a reprint of the Mosul 1887–91 edition titled ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ. 2 P. E. Pusey and G. H. Gwilliam, Tetraeuangelium Sanctum, the Fourfold Holy Gospel in the Peshitta Syriac Version with Critical Apparatus, with an introduction by Andreas Juckel (Piscataway, NJ, 2003), a reprint of the 1901 edition. 3 In computing, a regular expression provides a mechanism with which strings of text can be matched with a search criterion. In most notations, a bracket expression matches a single character inside that bracket (e.g., [ab] matches a single a or b). The exclamation mark denotes negation. Hence, the expression [bgdkpt][!RQ] (where R and Q represent the 1
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ensure that all bgādkpāt letters are marked. When the consonantal orthography, and in many cases the vocalic orthography, of East and West Syriac diverged, use was made of Lee’s 1823 edition 4 as well as linguistic resources including Audo, 5 Brockelmann, 6 Margoliouth, 7 and Smith. 8 As for Rukkākhā and Quššāyā pointing, analogies were made internally within other Mosul readings, and externally with the Pusey and Gwilliam New Testament text, making use of my Concordance 9 as a tool and the guidelines presented in my introduction to spirantization. 10 In some cases, Mašlmānūthā MSS 11 (hereinafter, Maš.) were consulted to determine P‛al vs. Pa‛‛el fricatization marking. The Mbaṭṭlānā and Marhṭānā were added systematically following current orthographic conventions, but the Mhaggyānā, Nāgudā, and Mṭappyānā, all ubiquitous in the Mosul text, were removed as they are alien to West Syriac orthography. 12 Orthographic Diversions from Mosul In terms of the consonantal tier, the present text differs orthographically from the Mosul text in two ways. Firstly, it intentionally replaces early Syriac orthographic conventions, most of which are also preserved in the East Syriac Mosul text, with West Syriac ones. 13 As for the vocalic tier, the present text differs from the Mosul text in a number of ways. Rukkākhā and Quššāyā points, respectively) will match a single bgādkpāt letter that is not followed by a Rukkākhā or Quššāyā point. When this search fails, all bgādkpāt letters have been pointed (regardless of accuracy of course). 4 S. Lee, Vetus et Novum Testamentum Syriace (London, 1823). 5 T. Audo, ( ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐMosul, 1897). 6 C. Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum (2nd ed., 1928). 7 J. P. Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1903). 8 P. Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1879–1901). 9 G. A. Kiraz, A Computer Generated Concordance to the Syriac New Testament, 6 volumes (Leiden, 1993). 10 G. A. Kiraz, Introduction to Syriac Spirantization, Rukkâḵâ and Quššâyâ (Losser, 1995). 11 We used Vat. Syr. 152 and BL Add. 12,178. 12 On these symbols, see C. J. David, Grammaire de la Langue Araméenne, 2 volumes, (Mosul, 2nd ed., 1896) §62, §67; G. Kiraz, Tūrrāṣ Mamllā, A Grammar of the Syriac Language, Volume I Orthography (Gorgias Press, 2012) §§205–208. 13 On orthography, see L. Van Rompay, ‘Some Preliminary Remarks on the Origins of Classical Syriac as a Standard Language. The Syriac Version of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History’, in G. Goldenberg and S. Raz (eds.), Semitic and Cushitic Studies
Foreword to the Edition
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E. Syr. ◌ܼ was generally converted to the corresponding W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. Syriac orthographies vary. In the ܳ ݂ ܝܺ ܽܗ, Mosul always uses an E. Syr. ◌ܼܿ while case of bdwl prefixes attaching to ܘܕ ܐ ܺ here a W. Syr. ◌ is used. ܵ ܳ E. Syr. ◌ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except when followed ܰ by ܘin which case it became ◌. This also applies to nominal forms when followed by an enclitic demonstrative pronoun. ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܸ was generally converted to W. Syr. ◌ except in lexemes where the E. and W. orthographies vary. ܺ ܶ E. Syr. ◌ܹ was mapped to either ◌ or ◌ depending on the phonological, morphological or lexical context. ܺ ܿ E. Syr. ܼܝwas converted to W. Syr. ◌ܝ, while E. Syr. ܘand ܼܘwere ܽ collapsed into W. Syr. ◌ܘ. The choice was made to place the vowel on the consonant preceding the matres lectionis. The Mbaṭṭlānā was applied in the present text following the Pusey and Gwilliam tradition but with further extensions following contemporary orthographic conventions. The following readings in Mosul were rejected: Here M ܳ ܰܕܗ ܳ ܰ ܕܚܠ ܶ ܩܝܐ ܠܩ ܳܢܐ Susanna 2 ܳ ܰܕܗ ܳ ܰ ܕܚܠ ܶ Susanna 29 ܩܝܐ ܠܩ ܳܢܐ ܳܶ ܰܶ Susanna 36 ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶܚܠ Susanna 63 ܩܝܐ ܳ ܗܰܠܩܢܽܐ ܳ݁ ܽ ܰ Esther 1:10 ܘܓܬܐ ܘ� ݂ܓ ݂ܒ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ ܘ� ݂ܒ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ Esther 1:14 ܒܪܢܫܝ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝܫ ܽ ܰ ܰܘ Esther 1:14 ܰܘܐܪܡ ݂ܘܬ ܐܪܡ ݂ܬ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ Esther 1:14 ܘܡܪܣܝܐ ܘܡܪܣܐ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ Esther 3:9 ܠܡܥܠܘ ܠܡܥܠܘ ܰ ܶ ܳ Esther 6:1 ܩܪܝܢ ܳܩ ܶܪܝܢ ܩ�ܝ ܽ ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܺܫ ܽ ܠܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܰ ܰ ܰܘ ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ Esther 9:7 ܰ ݂ ܰܘ ܰ ݂ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܦ Esther 9:8 ܪܠܛ ܠܦܪܛܠܰܛ ܰ ݂ ܰܘ ܰ ݂ ܰܘ �ܕ ܰܝܪ ݂ܬ �ܕ ܳܝܪ ܐ Esther 9:8 ܺ ܰ ܽ ܽ ݁ ܰܘ ݁ ܰܘ Esther 9:9 ܠܦܪܣܡ ݂ܘܬ ܠܦܝܣܡ ݂ܘܬ (Wiesbaden, 2004), 70–89; S. P. Brock, ‘Some Diachronic Features of Classical Syriac’, in M. F. J. Baasten and W. Th. Van Peursen (eds.), Hamlet on the Hill. Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T. Muraoka on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Louvain, 2003), 95– 111.
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Judith 4:4 ݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ ܶ�ܥܰܡ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܠܶܝܡ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺܡ Judith 6:15 ܡܢܫܐܝܠ ܝܫܐܝܠ ݂݀ܕ ܳܨ ݂ܬ ݂݀ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܰܬ ݂ܬ Judith 8:9 ܳ ܰ ݂ ܠܫ ܰ ݂ ܠܫ ܰ ݂ ܠܫ ܰ �ܒܢ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܩܪ ݂ ܰܒܢ ܰܘ ܰ �ܒܢ ܪܒܢ Judith 8:32 ܰ ܰ Judith 14:3 �� ݁ܒܝ �ܪ ݁ܒܝ ܺ ܰ݁ ܺ ݁ ܰܕ Judith 14:5 ܕܐܣܠܝ ܐܣܝ We made some consonantal changes to proper nouns per Mash MSS (vowel changes are not listed): Text Organization The division of the text into chapters and verses is a recent Western phenomenon. Early manuscripts divided the texts into chapters, called in Syriac ܩܦ�ܘܢ, abbreviated ܩܦ, or ܨܚܚܐ, abbreviated ܨܚ. Having said that, ancient manuscripts do not always follow a systematic approach in these chapter divisions. The present text follows the recent Western division of chapters, naming each chapter in Syriac ܩܦ�ܘܢ. Ancient Syriac chapter divisions are given in the outer margin preceded by the abbreviation ܨܚfor ܳ (they correspond to Roman numerals in the English translation). ܨܚ ܳܚܐ These were provided by Adam Kane and Joshua Falconer. The numbers are based on Ms Diyarbakir 1/1 (HMML: DIYR 00002; Peshitta Institute siglum: 15a3). The present edition follows the versification of Paul A. de Lagarde (1861). Ancient manuscripts vary in the application of punctuation marks. The punctuation presented here follows the Mosul punctuation faithfully. Acknowledgements
Andreas Juckel, my co-editor in the Ṣurath Kthob series, played a major role in setting the textual policies of the edition. I am personally grateful to my wife Christine and three children: Tabetha Gabriella, Sebastian Kenoro, and Lucian Nurono. It is hoped that the current edition will be a motivation for further texts and translations of the Syriac Biblical tradition, and will stimulate the use of the Peshiṭta in educational and religious settings.
ABBREVIATIONS BCE CE ed. e.g. i.e. ISC lit. M ms mss MT om. P v. vol.
Before the Common Era Common Era editor, edition exempli gratia id est Inner-Syriac Corruption literally Mosul manuscript manuscripts Masoretic Text omit Peshiṭta verse volume
√
Root
1st 2nd 3rd
first person second person third person
Abbreviations used in Appendix 2 are found in the Legend on p. xxvi.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION BY DONALD M. WALTER, GILLIAN GREENBERG AND ERIC TULLY The Peshiṭta In our Introductions to our earlier translations in the Antioch Bible we have given a brief discussion of the Peshiṭta and an account of our translation policy, the construction of the Notes and treatment of Syriac Usages. The Book of Women The Books of Ruth, Esther, Judith and Susanna are the only ones in the Bible (including the Apocrypha) called by the names of women, these women being the principal characters in each case. Ruth The book is included in the Ketuvim in the Hebrew Bible, as one of the five Megillot. In the Christian canon it is treated as a history, set between Judges and I Samuel. The authorship of this book is unknown, though Talmudic tradition names Samuel, and the date of composition too is uncertain. The central figure is Ruth a Moabite woman, the great-grandmother of David. The story is set at the time of the judges, which is described in the biblical book of that name as a period of instability, lawlessness, and incursions by enemy nations. However, relations between Israel and Moab were good in the setting of the story. The book of Ruth recounts the movement of Elimelech’s family, his wife Naomi and their two sons, from Bethlehem to Moab in an effort to escape a famine prevailing in Canaan. In Moab, Elimelech dies. His two sons marry Moabite women, one of which is Ruth. Years later, both the sons die. Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem, but tells her daughters-in-law to return to their own people and remarry. One of the daughters-in-law does so, but Ruth promises to stay with her mother-in-law and goes with her to Bethlehem. In Bethlehem, the two women are destitute, so Ruth gleans in order to support Naomi and herself. She gleans in a field owned by Boaz, a relative of Naomi’s. At the end of xiii
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the harvest season, Ruth demonstrates faithfulness to Naomi by requesting that Boaz serve as a redeemer for the two women. This involves not only the redemption of land but, according to a form of levirate law, also marriage to Ruth so that they can have a child to continue Naomi’s family line. The book concludes with a short genealogy which traces Obed, the child of Ruth and Boaz, to David. The date of the book is uncertain and controversial. The majority of scholars have argued that it was written in the post-exilic period, a view based on a number of features in the book. For example, some have suggested that the story of an upstanding man of Judah marrying a faithful Moabite woman is a rebuke of the exclusivist policies of Ezra (10:1–19) and Nehemiah (13:23–31) who prohibited mixed marriages. Second, the genealogy of David at the end of the book is similar to genealogies in other literature dated to the post-exilic period, and it shows a particular interest in David because the community had come to realize his importance at that time. Third, the apparent need of the narrator to explain the custom of removing the sandal in Ruth 4:7 suggests that some time has elapsed since the period of judges when the story is set. The custom is mentioned in Deuteronomy 25:9. Therefore, this view argues, the story of Ruth must have been written much later. Similarly, the form of levirate marriage presented in the book is different from levirate marriage as depicted in Genesis 38 and Deuteronomy 25. Some have attempted to make the case that in those texts levirate marriage was an obligation only of brothers on the same estate, but it was later extended to all males in a family (such as Boaz). A final example is the argument from specific linguistic features. It is widely accepted that Biblical Hebrew comprises two forms or dialects which may represent diachronic stages of language development: Standard Biblical Hebrew (SBH) and Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). A number of scholars have attempted to build a case that Ruth must be later than LBH (i.e. at least early post-exilic) in light of Aramaisms and features that align with books such as Ezra/Nehemiah, Esther, and Chronicles. However, because these criteria are so subjective, the same evidence is frequently used to argue for the opposite view, that the book of Ruth is early and pre-exilic. For example, Ruth’s warm welcome despite being a Moabite and her subsequent mixed marriage has been seen as more at home in the pre-exilic period, with no comment on Ezra and Nehemiah’s prohibitions. The genealogy of David which closes the book may indicate a defense of his dynasty’s claim to the throne, and thus would be quite early. Third, some have argued that the custom of shoe removal (Ruth 4:7) reflects an early period, when legal matters were ratified with visual symbols rather than with written documents. Fourth, some have claimed that the
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version of levirate marriage in Ruth precedes other mentions in the Hebrew Bible and that it was later restricted to brothers only (e.g. Deuteronomy 25). Finally, although one would hope that the analysis of linguistic data is more objective, it is likely that some evidence has been interpreted incorrectly, especially in such a small corpus (Ruth is only 85 verses). Recent studies suggest potential pragmatic or literary motivations for some of the features. In addition, the distribution of features in SBH and LBH texts is often inconsistent. It is therefore difficult to make a confident argument for an early or a late date. The earliest date of the book is 1000 BCE, after David became king of Israel and the period of judges had come to a close. The latest possible date is the late Persian period when the book was clearly present in the Hebrew canon. The book is important in Jewish tradition, and is appropriately read at Shavuot, a festival which marks the end of the grain harvest. Susanna This story is included by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches in Chapter 13 of the Book of Daniel. It is considered apocryphal by Protestants. The Greek text survives in two versions. The received version is due to Theodotion, and has superseded the original Septuagint text. This story tells how the wisdom of Daniel, a devout young man, saved the innocent Susanna. Susanna was the wife of a rich Israelite who owned a park in which she would regularly walk, together with her maids. Susanna was watched in the park by two elders who both became obsessed with lust for her. On one occasion Susanna sent her maids on an errand; the elders saw their chance, and threatened her, saying that unless she would sleep with them they would tell the community that she had arranged to sleep with a young man. Susanna refused, but had no witnesses; the community believed the elders’ story, and she was sentenced to death. At the last moment, God inspired Daniel: he ordered the two elders to be made to give separate accounts of what they claimed to have seen. They contradicted one another, were disbelieved, and were duly executed. Esther The book is included in the Ketuvim in the Hebrew Bible, as one of the five megillot. The authorship of the book is unknown, though Talmudic tradition ascribes the book to the men of the Great Synagogue.
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The setting of this account is Persia; much else is uncertain. The story is that King Ahasuerus gave a splendid banquet for the Persian dignitaries, but that his queen refused to attend to display her beauty. She was deposed, and the king married Esther, a Jewess who had been brought up by her relative Mordecai. Mordecai was loyal to the king, but fell afoul of the Grand Vizier Haman, who contrived to plan a massacre of the Jews in Persia. By chance, the king was made aware that Haman’s antagonism towards Mordecai was self-serving, and Haman himself fell from favor. Plans for the massacre were revised: rather than killing all the Jews, Haman and his sons were to be hanged, and the Jews were given permission to kill any who attacked them on the day originally planned for their deaths: that day had been determined by Haman, casting lots (purim). The dating too is difficult to determine. Suggested dates for the composition range from the latter half of the fifth century BCE to the Maccabean period. The identity of Ahasuerus himself is uncertain: Xerxes I and Artaxerxes II are each suggested by different authorities. Internal evidence indicates that the king had died before the book was written, so if Ahasuerus was Xerxes I, who reigned from 486 to 465 BCE when he was assassinated, it could not have been written before the latter date. Artaxerxes II reigned from 404–358 BCE: a date during the Persian period (539–333 BCE) is suggested by the writer’s detailed knowledge of the customs of Persia: such precise detail might well have been forgotten in the west with the passage of time. Later dates are not strongly supported: there are no references in the book which point to a Greek background; and in the Maccabean period the Jews were fighting to preserve their religion, not fighting for life as they are in the Esther story. Although the historicity of the book is largely discounted, and the details of the events recounted strain credulity, it is possible that there is some basis in historical events: monarchs were indeed influenced by their courtiers, and pogroms certainly happened. The purpose of the book is uncertain. The name of God is not mentioned and religious practice is not referred to directly. The story is read annually on Purim, which it is supposed to commemorate. The Hebrew text has been well preserved. The account in the Septuagint includes additional interpolated passages. Jerome’s Latin text includes translations of these additions, placed at the end as chapters 10:4– 16:24.
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Judith The Book of Judith is included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible, but is excluded from Jewish texts and assigned by Protestants to the Apocrypha. Although the oldest extant version is that of the Septuagint, 1 this is not necessarily the original: probably it is a translation from a Hebrew original. 2 The Greek text appears in three forms. (1) First, agreeing closely with one another, the principal Greek uncials A and B. The printed editions of the Septuagint closely follow this. (2) Second, that of codices 19 and 108, containing the Lucianic recension, evidently a revision of (1). (3) Third, codex 58, which is close to (2). The Old Latin and the two extant Syriac versions, namely the Peshitta and the Syro-Hexapla, largely agree with it. Several late Hebrew versions of the book have been found, no one of them with strong claims to be considered the original text . The story tells how the Israelites living in Judea heard of the terrible campaign waged by Holophernes, the commander-in-chief of the Assyrian ruler here named as Nebuchadnezzar. Holophernes was known to be approaching; the Israelites set up such defenses as they could, prayed, and fasted. Holophernes was angered by the reports that the Israelites had set up defenses. He was advised by Achiod, the Ammonite leader, that if the Israelites had conducted themselves well and not sinned, their God would protect them, so Holophernes should not attack; though if they had sinned, Holophernes could attack with confidence. Holophernes judged that Nebuchadnezzar would in any case be able to defeat the Israelites, being The Greek translation (from a version of which the Peshiṭta to Judith was translated) was done early enough to be counted as authoritative scripture by Clement of Rome at the end of the first century CE. 2 Such a Hebrew text, no longer extant, is usually dated to sometime after Antiochus IV Epiphanes, thus setting the story in the Hellenistic period when the Maccabees fought the Seleucid monarchs. There are numerous Hebraisms in the Greek texts, and some elements of the Greek texts which are due to mistranslation of Hebrew. Space only allows a few instances; note for example the representation of the Hebrew idiom which strengthens a finite verb by placing a cognate (absolute) infinitive before it, represented in the Greek of this book in the usual form in which it occurs in the Septuagint, namely, a participle followed by a finite verb (see Judith 2:13). In Judith 16:3 we have: ‘For a god that shatters battle is (the) Lord’. Now ‘Lord’ without the article can be only the Hebrew ‘Yahweh,’ read always ’adhonay, ‘Lord’. But the phrase, ‘to shatter battle’, is not good Greek or good sense. The Hebrew words shabhath (‘to rest’; compare shabbath, ‘Sabbath’) and shabhar (‘to break’) are written much alike, and in the original Hebrew we must have had the causative form of the first verb: ‘A God that makes war cease is (the) Lord’ (see Psalms 46:9). 1
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more powerful than any god. Because the Israelites’ defensive positions were well-planned and would be difficult to take, he was advised to block the Israelites’ water supply rather than to make a direct military attack; this had terrible consequences for the Israelites, civilians as well as soldiers. Uziah, a prominent magistrate, urged the people to wait five days for God to have mercy on them and send help; if by the end of that time there had been no sign from God, they should surrender. News of this reached Judith, a devout, wealthy, and beautiful widow. She was angered by the attempt to test God, and argued that the Israelites should trust him implicitly. She announced that God would deliver Israel, by her hand, but that her plan must remain secret. Having made the appropriate prayers, Judith dressed seductively, and left the town together with her maid. She went to the first Assyrian outpost, where she told the guards that she was a Hebrew, fleeing from her people because of their plight, and that she could explain to Holophernes how he could overcome the Israelite defenses with no loss of his own men. Bemused by her beauty, and impressed by her story, the Assyrians allowed Judith entry to Holophernes’ tent. She remained in the Assyrian camp for three days, having established that she would be allowed to leave the camp nightly to pray. On the fourth day Holophernes gave a banquet which Judith attended. Holophernes became very drunk and lay on his bed. Judith cut off his head, left the camp as she had been doing nightly, and returned to the Israelite camp. On finding the decapitated Holophernes, the Assyrians panicked. In the ensuing battle the Israelites triumphed. Addenda
There are many passages where the meaning of MT is not precisely rendered in our text of P. Apart from differences imposed by the different idioms of the two languages, there are two main explanations of these discrepancies. These are discussed below in: Addendum 1 (interesting readings including errors and deliberate interpretive changes); and Addendum 2 (inner-Syriac corruption). Addendum 1: Noteworthy Readings Ruth 1:21
‘ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܡܟܟܢܝsince the Lord has humbled me’. The MT vocalizes ענה as a Qal: ‘ ויהוה ענה ביand YHWH testified against me’ which is the expected sense when the object is marked with a בpreposition. P understands the verb as a Piel, probably in light of the immediate context.
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‘ ܓܒܪܐ ܝܕܝܥܐa prominent man’. MT גבור חיל. In Hebrew the word חיל
is also applied to Ruth in 3:11 and to her future deeds in 4:11. P, however translates the word חילin 3:11 with ‘( ܥܘܫܢܐconsequence’) and with �‘( ܚܝmighty’) in 4:11. Thus it does not maintain the significant lexical link and thematic connection between the three occurrences of חילin the book. 3:14 ‘ ܘܐܡܪܬ ܠܗand she said to him’. MT ‘ ויאמרand he said’. Ruth is the subject of the two preceding verses, so P makes her the subject of this verb as well and adjusts the rest of the verse accordingly, including a shift from the 3rd feminine singular ‘ באהshe came’ to 1cs ‘ ܢܚܬܬI have come down’ and the addition of ‘ ܠܘܬܟto you’. 4:10 ‘ ܘܠܟܝ ܪܥܘܬ ܡܘܐܒܝܬܐ ܐܢܬܬ ܡܠܝܘܢ ܢܣܒܬܟܝ ܠܝ ܐܢܬܬܐAnd you Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Malion, I have taken you as my wife’. MT ‘ וגם את־רות המאביה אשת מחלון קניתי לי לאשהand also Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Mahlon, I have acquired as my wife’. In the MT, Boaz speaks with 2nd masculine plural forms to the elders throughout 4:9–10. P, however, adds two 2nd feminine singular suffixes in the first part of 4:10 so that here Boaz addresses Ruth directly when he announces that he will marry her. Esther
‘ ܡܢ ܚܐ�ܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܦܪܬܘܝܐby the king’s Parthian freemen’. MT משׂרי ‘ המלך הפרתמיםfrom the king’s noblemen’. The Persian loanword פרתמיםis understood to mean ‘aristocrat’; P has taken it in its generic sense. 8:10 ‘ ̈ܒܢܝ �ܡܟܐborn into (lit. ‘sons of’) the (royal) herd’. MT האחשתרנים ‘ בני הרמכיםsons of royal herds’. P was not familiar with this rarely used term. 8:17 ‘ ܡܬܬܘܗܝܢwere troubled’. MT ‘ מתיהדיםbecame Jews’. P did not recognize the root of this verb, which occurs only here. √ ܬܘܗshares only one consonant with the Hebrew root יהד, but the Hebrew in the Hithpoel as here looks sufficiently similar to the Syriac to have seemed to be a good choice.
6:9
Judith 4:5
5:4
‘ ܘܐܣܩܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܠܩܪܒܐthey brought them up as for war’. LXX καὶ
παρέθεντο εἰς ἐπισιτισμὸν εἰς παρασκευὴν πολέμου ‘they laid up food for provision of war’. P has omitted the reference to food, making poor sense of this part of the verse. ‘ ܒܡܥ�ܐin caves’. LXX δυσμαῖς a derivative of a term for ‘the west’. Probably, an original ‘ ܒܡܥܪܒܐwest’ was corrupted to the present
xx
5:8
Introduction to the Translation form. It is also possible that P gave ‘caves’ deliberately, to fit the context of the mountain-country. ‘ ܘܐܦܩ ܐܢܘܢand brought them out’. LXX καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτούς ‘they cast them out’.
Addendum 2: Inner-Syriac Corruptions Esther 4:16
ܘܐܢ ܥܒܕܬ ܥܒܕܬlit. ‘However, I did, I did’. MT reads
וכאשר אבדתי ‘ אבדתיand so, if I perish, I perish’ (using perfect verbs). Probably an ISC of ܘܐܢ ܐܒܕܬ ܐܒܕܬ.
Judith 2:1
7:2
‘ ܒܬܪ ܥܣܪܐafter the ten’. LXX δευτέρᾳ καὶ εἰκάδι ‘twenty-second’. A possible original ܒܬ�ܝܢ ܘܥܣܪܝܢmay have been corrupted to give the present form.
̈ �ܦܝܢ ܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܬܪܝܢ
‘twenty-two thousand’. LXX χιλιάδες δεκαδύο ‘twelve thousand’. Possibly, an original ܬܪܥܣܪwas changed by ISC to the present form. 8:32 ܠܫ�ܒܢ ܘܠܫ�ܒܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ‘by our families and by our descendants’ LXX εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν ‘generations of generations’. M 17e1 read ‘ ܠܩܪܒܢ ܘܠܫܪܒܢleft to our nearness/war and to our generation’. All the collated mss except the very late 17e1 have the authentic Peshitta reading which faithfully translated the LXX. 17e1 followed by M are the result of ISC. 14:5 ‘ ܠܗܘ ܕܐܣܝ ܠܕܒܝܬ ܝܣܪܝܠhim who healed those of the house of Israel’. Probably, an original ‘ ܐܣܠܝdespised’ was changed by ISC to the present form. 15:3 ‘ ܘܐܬܢܣܟܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢthey were poured out upon them’. This could perhaps be a metaphor intended to give a picture of an onslaught by a fast-moving destructive force, but this seems unlikely. It could perhaps have resulted from ISC of an original ܘܐܬܢܣܒܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ, but this too seems unlikely: √ ܢܣܒin the Peal can mean ‘to take by force’ but this fits poorly with the preposition ܥܠwhich follows it. Further, this explanation requires the putative ISC to have introduced an Ethpeel form, which seems unlikely; and in any case that form has an inappropriate meaning ‘to be taken, taken away’.
APPENDIX 1: VERSIFICATION Versification, Mosul against de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible) Ruth and Esther are canonical books, their versification in the present edition is taken from the Mosul edition. As no Peshitta Institute texts are extant so far, no differences of versification can be quoted for these two books. Susanna and Judith are apocryphal writings; their versification differs considerably from the Mosul edition. Again, no Peshitta Institute texts are available. For practical reasons we decided to adopt the versification of de Lagarde, 1 which derives from the Septuagint prepared by Johannes Ernst Grabe (1666–1711) and is still the versification of the present-day Septuagint editions. The following table gives (for Susanna and Judith) the versification of Mosul against the present edition. Verses in italics are lacking in Mosul and are without correspondence in the edition of P. de Lagarde (Antioch Bible). Mosul Susanna 9 14 15 16 20
begins with de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible)
last word in 8 ܘܥܛܦܘin 14 ܘܗܘܐin 15 ܘܐܙܠܘin 15 ܗܐ ܬ�ܥܐin 20
28 29 41 51 62
ܘܗܘܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐin 27 ܘܐܡܪܘin 28 ܘܗܝܡܢܬin 41 ܘܐܡܪܘin 50 ܘܩܛܠܘ ܐܢܘܢin 61
P. de Lagarde, Libri Veteris Testament apocryphi syriace, Leipzig-London 1861 (Susanna 132–138; Judith 104–126). 1
xxi
xxii
Appendix 1: Versification )begins with de Lagarde (=Antioch Bible
in 15ܘܓܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ in 8ܘܣܓܕܘ 11
in 12ܘܐܦܩܘ 13 — —
in 14ܘܐܦܩܘ — 16–22
in 22ܘܐܡܪܘ 6:1
in 6:2ܘܡܢܘ �ܗܐ 6:3–4
in 6:4ܘ� ܬܩܘܡ
5
in 5ܒܝܘܡܐ
6
in 6ܘܬܦܠ
9 — 10 11
in 12ܘܢܦܩܘ 14
in 15ܥܘܙܝܐ in 16ܘܐܩܝܡܘܗܝ 17–18
in 18ܘܥܢܘ 20 — 21
ܘܥܒܕ ̣ in 21 ܘܩܪܐ ̣ in 21 in 7ܘܗܠܟܘ in 8ܘܐܡܪܘ 16
in 20ܘܣܦܩܘ 23
in 23ܘܥ ̣ܢܘ 25–29 — 30 in 30ܛܟ
4:12 5:9 5:10 5:11 5:12 5:13 5:15–16 5:17 5:18–19 5:20–26 5:27 5:28 5:29 5:30–31 5:32 6:1 6:2 6:3 6:4 6:5 6:6 6:7 6:8 6:9 6:10 6:11 6:12 6:13–14 6:15 6:16 6:17–18 6:19 6:20 6:21 7:7 7:9 7:10 7:11 7:12 7:13 7:14–18 7:19–22 7:23 7:24
̇ ܦܬܝܗ ܕܟܐܦܐ in 2ܕܗܘܐ in 6ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ no #, text in 9
in 12ܘܠܡܩܛܠܘ 13 14 16
in 16ܘܗܘܐ ܡܬܓ� in 2ܘܓ� in 2ܘܗܘܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ̣ in 4
11 14 16
in 17ܘܥ�ܒܐ
18–19 21 in 23ܘܫܒܘ 24 ܘܥܩܪ ̣ in 24 ܘܐܬܐ ̣ in 25 27 2:28 in 3:1ܘܐܡܪܝܢܢ in 3ܥܒܕ 4 in 4ܬܐ 5 in 6ܘܕܒܪ — 7 — 8 in 8ܡܛܠ 9 ܘܥܒܕ ̣ in 10 4 in 5ܘܐܥܫܢܘ 6 in 7ܐܚܘܕܘ 8–9 in 10ܘܡܚܘ in 12ܘܓܥܘ 14
Mosul Judith 1:3 1:7 1:10 1:13 1:14–15 1:16 1:17 1:18 2:3 2:4 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:10–11 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:17 3:1 3:2 3:4 3:5 3:6 3:7 3:8 3:9 3:10 3:11 3:12 3:13 3:14 3:15 4:3 4:4 4:5 4:6 4:7–8 4:9 4:10 4:11
Appendix 1: Versification
xxiii 11–12
in 12ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ in 12ܘܐܬܪܥܝܘ 16–17
in 17ܘܢܚܘܝܢܝ in 19ܡܛܠ in 19ܘܐܫܬܕܪܬ 20–22
in 23ܘܐܢ in 5ܘܕܡܟܬ 7
in 7ܘܢܦܩܐ ܗܘܬ 12–14
in 14ܡܛܠ in 16ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥ in 1ܡܛܠ 2
in 2ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐ 3
in 4ܘܩܡܬ in 4ܘܐܡܪܬ 6
in 7ܘܐܚܕܬ
8
in 9ܘܒܬܪ ܘܢܦܩ ̣ in 10 11–13
in 13ܘܐܘܚܕܘ
in 14
—
15–16
ܐ� ܬܒܪ
ܥܒܕ in 16ܘ� ̣ 17–18
in 18ܘܒܪܝܟ ܗܘ
19
ܘܐܡܪ ̣ in 20 in 2ܘܬܦܩܘܢ in 3ܘܢܪܗܛܘܢ
4–6
in 6ܘܟܕ ̣ܐܬܐ 7
in 7ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬܝ 9–11
in 11ܘܫܩܠܘ
12
in 13ܥܘܠ
11:9–10 11:11 11:12 11:13–14 11:15 11:16 11:17 11:18–20 11:21 12:5 12:6 12:7 12:11–13 12:14 12:16 13:2 13:3 13:4 13:5 13:6 13:7 13:8 13:9 13:10 13:11 13:12 13:13–15 13:16 13:17 13:18 13:19–20 13:21 13:22–23 13:24 13:25 13:26 14:3 14:4 14:5–7 14:8 14:9 14:10 14:11–13 14:14 14:15 14:16
31–32
in 5ܘܠܒܫܐ ܗܘܬ 11 12
in 13ܘܐܢܫ 15–16
in 14ܡܛܠ 17
in 17ܘܐܢ
23 26–27 — in 27ܘܐܦ 31–32 — 33–35 8:36 4–5 in 6ܡܛܠ 7 —
in 7ܖܡܫܬܩܠܝܢ in 7ܘܡܬܬܟܠܝܢ in 7ܘ� ܝܕܥܘ ܬܒܪ in 8ܐܢܬ ̣
9–10 in 10ܬܒܪ — 11–13 in 14ܕܢܕܥܘܢ in 2ܘܩܪܬ in 3ܘܐܫܝܓܬ in 4ܘܐܨ ܛܒܬܬ in 7ܘܬܡܗܘ in 8ܘܢܦܠܬ in 10ܘܢܦܩܬ in 11ܘܦܓܥܬ in 12ܘܐܡܪܬ in 14ܘܐܡܪܘ in 15ܡܟܝܠ in 19ܘܐܬܕܡܪܘ 21 23 5 7–9 in 10ܡܛܠ
7:25–26 8:6 8:10 8:11 8:12 8:13–14 8:15 8:16 8:17 8:21 8:22–23 8:24–26 8:27 8:29–30 8:31 8:32–34 9:1 9:3–4 9:5 9:6 9:7 9:8 9:9 9:10 9:11 9:12–13 9:14 9:15 9:16–18 9:19 10:2 10:3 10:4 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 10:12 10:15 10:16 10:18 10:19 10:20 11:4 11:5–7 11:8
Appendix 1: Versification 3–7
in 7ܡܫܚܬ 9–13
in 13ܡܪܝܐ 14–15
in 15ܘܥܠ
17
in 17ܘܢܬܠ 18–21
in 21ܘܗܘܬ
23
in 23ܘܣܐܒܬ 24–25
16:5–9 16:10 16:11–15 16:16 16:17–18 16:19 16:20 16:21 16:22–25 16:26 16:27 16:28 16:29–30
xxiv 14–15 17–19
in 1ܘ� ܟܬܪ in 3ܘܗܝܕܝܢ — 5–10
in 10ܘܐܡܪܘ
11
in 11ܘܝܗܒܘ
12 15:14
in 1ܫܒܚܘ 2
in 2ܡܪܝܐ
14:17–18 14:19–21 15:2 15:3 15:5 15:6–11 15:12 15:13 15:14 15:15 16:1 16:2 16:3 16:4
APPENDIX 2: VARIANT READINGS Based on Collations by Donald M. Walter A critical edition of the Women is not yet available in the Peshitta Institute Edition. Since we needed manuscript evidence relevant for the Mosul text of the Women for use in this edition we have collated the manuscripts in the British Library which were readily available as well as legible. 1 By adding 17a1 and 17e1 to those the Peshitta Institute Edition would have used, we collected support for numerous readings in Mosul which would otherwise have lacked any manuscript support. Since 8a1 in Paris is now accessible in a facsimile online we have also been able to add its readings, although not with the sophistication the Peshitta Institute Edition can bring to distinguishing levels of emendation found in it. Other late manuscripts such as are found in Rome might reduce the number of readings only found in M (Mosul) significantly. Should the Peshitta Institute Edition of the Women be published in the future, they will have had access to microfilms of 12a1 in Cambridge (currently not available to us due to its deteriorating condition) and perhaps a good microfilm of 10j3 2 and 11c1, and to the manuscript holdings in Paris of 9c1, and in New Haven of 10c1. Since there is no way to have Addenda or Appendices on an Appendix such as this, manuscripts variants including errors 3 (whether shared or not) and such orthographic variants as may have significance for establishing manuscript relationships 4 are all listed without distinction, as well as spelling pages.
1
6f1, 6h10, 7a1, 10f1, 12d2, 17a1 and 17e1 meet these conditions; 11c1 for alternative
Gillian Greenberg was allowed to consult, but not photograph 10f3, but could hardly find any readings which are certain. Accordingly 10j3 is not cited by us. 3 Errors in 7a1 are not always cited. 4 Variants such as ܟܘܠ/ܟܠ, ܪܝܫ/ܪܫ, ܐܢܬ ܗܘ/ܐܢܬܘ, or ܓܢܒ/( ܓܒwith or without suffixes, conjunctions, and prepositions) or the frequent addition of yudh in 10f1 to 3rd feminine perfects are ignored since they are not useful in establishing manuscript relations. Similarly the addition or omission of seyāme when it is only orthographic and does not change the number. 2
xxv
xxvi
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
variants of names unless they have been dealt with preceding the tables of variants for the individual books. In various manuscripts (e.g. 6f1, 7a1, 17a1) a word at the end of the final column on one page is sometimes repeated at the top of the next page. 5 At 7a1 Judith 8:28 (7a1 8:28) one line ends with ܛܒܐand the next begins with the same word. Similarly at 17a1 Judith 2:5 a word ( )ܡܢat the end of one line is repeated at the start of the next. At Judith 8:18 (7a1 8:18) 7a1 reads ܡܢܟܘܢ ܡܢܟܘܢfor ܡܢܟܘܢ. Such cases are not intended as variant readings and are not cited in this Addendum, although most errors in the manuscripts have been listed in the tables of variants. Sometimes a scribe wrote a dot over a final he, as in Ruth 2:1 ܫܪܒܬܗ, and seeing his mistake, drew a short line through it. Such cases will rarely be cited among the variants listed below. Sometimes it is impossible to distinguish ܝܫfrom an unconnected ;ܫ this is especially the case with 12d2 and 17a1 but also with 10f1. Sometimes in 10f1 final ܝܢand final ܢare difficult or impossible to distinguish. In 17a1 a kāph sometimes looks like an ʿē; such cases are not cited as variants unless they can be translated meaningfully in the context. Sometimes, in 11c1 in Ruth and in 7a1 and 17a1, there seems to be a diacritical mark above a final suffix ܗ, where the suffix must surely be masculine. 6 Possibly an accent is involved or it is just by error. Such cases are not necessarily cited in the tables of variants. 21F
Legend ‘pr’ = ‘prior’ or ‘previous’ (or else we have given the form with the prefixed element or word); ‘+’ is used for ‘add’ (or else we have given the form with the addition) 7 ; ‘transpose’ ; ‘om’ is used for ‘omit’ as ‘om seyāme’; ‘seyāme’ by itself implies a seyāme has been added; other comments include ‘lacking’, ‘defective ms’, ‘not legible’, ‘(homeotel)’. ‘(vid)’ or even ‘(inc)’ is used after a manuscript name to indicate varying measures of uncertainty regarding the reading in the manuscript. There is no evidence that any corrections in any of the manuscripts in the British Library collated for this Appendix were made by other than the A common scribal practice. When a 3fs suffix lacking a diacritical marking for the feminine is followed by a feminine noun or name, a record of that fact is ignored in this Appendix. 7 In either case a manuscript supporting the addition is assumed to have the lemma as well. 5 6
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xxvii
original scribe (other than once in 7a1) or by a hand in 12d2 retouching a few letters. Original readings are marked with * or txt, and corrections (from the original hand) with superscript 1 or mg. At least one reading in 7a1 is marked with c indicating a correction by a later hand. Information regarding manuscript defects is sometimes given at appropriate places in the footnotes. As often as not it has not been possible, even with autopsy, to determine an original reading (if there was one) which has been removed, in which case no notes are given. In the case of 8a1 in Paris various sections have been carefully retraced, the color of the ink and the shape of the hē being the special identifiers. No cases of retracing were found where a different original reading can be demonstrated. The citation 8a1retr is used only when a different reading could have been original, even though no traces of it survive; cases involving retracing where the original must have been the same are simply cited as 8a1. Readings assignable to 14/8a1 are often found in Esther and Judith. An autopsy would probably enable more refined judgments than we could give from a pdf facsimile. Variants in the spelling of select names ‘Israel’: 6f1 7a1 10f1 ‘Israel’ is spelled either ܐܝܣܪܝܠor as ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ, frequently depending on how much space needs to be filled. 12d2 uses ܐܝܣܪܝܠ. 17a1 regularly uses the spelling ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ. It is always spelled ܝܣܪܝܠin 17e1. In Ruth and Susanna 8a1 spells ‘Israel’ with no ālaph except with an initial ālaph in Susanna 22,48 twice (the first from the retracer), 8 57,64. In Esther and Judith 8a1 spells ‘Israel’ with an initial ālaph ()ܐܝܣܪܝܠ, except for ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠin Judith 13:11, 16:25. ‘Jerusalem’: 7a1 ‘Jerusalem’ is spelled ܐܘܪܫܠܡor ܐܪܫܠܡ. Space availability is a key factor. 17a1 commonly uses the form ܐܘܪܝܫܠܡ. It is always spelled ܐܘܪܫܠܡin 17e1. 8a1 ‘Jerusalem’ ܒܐܪܫܠܡlacks a waw in Judith 11:13 8a1*. ‘Ahasuerus’ in Esther is spelled ܐܚܫܝܪܫin M 17e1, but as ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫin 6f1. Often though it is impossible to distinguish yūdh shīn from an unconnected shīn. ‘Jezreel’ in Judith is spelled ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠin M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1, but also as ܐܝܙܪܥܐܝܠin 7a1.
8
Assigned the designation 14/8a1 by the Peshitta Institute.
xxviii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
‘Judeans’, ‘Jews’, ‘Jew’ in 17a1 (also 12d2) is spelled without a ;ܗ however the ܗis retained in ‘Judea/Judah’ ()ܝܗܘܕܐ. In 17e1 it is always with ܗ. ‘Vashti’ is spelled in Esther by 17a1 ܘܘܫܬܝthree times but elsewhere by ܘܫܬܝ. Lee (1823) and Urmia (1852), neither available for Susanna or Judith, have been checked against those places in Ruth and Esther where no mss support the reading found in M. In 11 places neither of them support the reading found in M: Ruth 2:16, 3:13, Esther 1:9,13,13,15,17, 2:20, 6:3, 7:4,4. M lacks support from Lee (but is supported by Urmia) in Ruth 3:7,7, Esther 1:8,15, 2:9, 3:12, 4:3,8, 7:9, 8:10, and 9:11. M lacks support from Mosul (but is supported by Lee) in Ruth 1:11, 4:10, Esther 2:23,23, 7:7. Everywhere else when M lacks ms support in Ruth and Esther its reading has the support of both Lee and Urmia. Orthographic variants are usually ignored when mss are cited as supporting either the lemma or a variant. Ruth 6f1 (missing 4:11–22) 7a1 8a1 11c1 (alternating pages legible) 17a1 Ruth not extant in 17e1 ܠܓܒܪܐM 6f1 7a1 ] ܕܓܒܪܐ8a1 17a1 1:2 1:3 ܘܐܫܬܚܪܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܐܫܬܘܚܪܬ8a1 ܿ ܬܗ ܿ ̈ ܟܠM 8a1 17a1 (ܬܗ ܿ ̈ )ܟܠ9 ] ܠܬܗ ܿ 1:6 ܥܡܗ ̈ܟ6f1 : lacking 7a1 ܕܫܡܥM 6f1 8a1 ] ܕܫܡܥܘ7a1 17a1 1:9 ܠܚܣܕܐM 8a1 () ܠܚܣܪܐ17a1 ] ܠ�ܚܡܐ6f1 7a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 ] ܘܬܫܟܚܝܢ7a1 17a1(vid) (seyāme) ܘܬܫܟܚܢ ܘܐܪܝܡM 6f1 7a1 ] ܘܐܪܝܡܝ8a1 17a1 1:11 ܕܠܡܐM Lee Urmia ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ܘܐܬܠܟܝܢM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܐܬܠ ܠܟܝܢ8a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܬܣܟܝܝܢ ̈ 1:13 ܬܣܟܝܢ 17a1 ܠܓܒܪܐM Lee Urmia] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 1:14 ܘܐܪܝܡM 6f1 7a1 ] ܘܐܪܝ̈ܡܝ8a1 (s.sey) 17a1 1:16 ܘܐܠܗܟܝM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] �ܗܟܝ8a1 1:17 ܢܦܪܘܫM 8a1 17a1 ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 1:18 ܐܨ ܛܒܝܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܐܨ ܛܝܒܬ8a1 9
This orthographic variation occurs also in Ruth 1:7,8.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xxix
ܠܡܗܦܟM 6f1 8a1 17a1 ] ܠܡܐܙܠ7a1 11c1 legible with ܡܢ. ܩ�ܝܢ ܐܢܬܝܢM 6f1 11c1 17a1 ] ܩ�ܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ7a1 : ܩܪܝܬܝܢ8a1 ܕܡܛܐM 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܕܡܛܐܒ8a110 ܫܠܡܐM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 ܚܨ ܕܐM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܚܣܕܐ7a1 ܕܐܠܝܡܠܟM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܕܐܒܝܡܠܟ7a1 ܚܕM 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 ܘܫܡܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ܕܫܡܗ17a1 ܒܦܠܓܘܬܐM 11c1 17a1 ] ܦܠܓܘܬܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 ܘܐܡܪܝܢM Lee Urmia] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 2o ܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] om 11c1* ̈ M 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܚܨ̈ܘܕܐ6f1 7a1 ��ܦ ܨܦܪܐM 6f1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) 8a1(vid) ܘܥܕܡܐM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 ܠܢܝܚܬܐM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 Legible 11c1 ends page with Ruth 2:8 ܒܥܙ. � ܒܡܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] seyāme 8a1 ܘܒܘܬܝM 6f1 8a1 ] ܘܒܘܬ7a1 : ܘܗܘܝܬܝ17a1 ̈ 17a1 ܡܐܢ̈ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܡܝܐ ܕܥܒܕܬܝM 6f1 7a1 ] ܕܥܒܕܬ8a1 17a1 ܝܕܥܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܕܝܕܥܐ8a1 ܡܢ ܐܬܡܠܝ ܘܡܢ ܡܬܡܠܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܡܢ ܐܬܡܠ ܘܡܢ ܡܢܬܡܠ
1:21 1:22
25F
2:1,3 2:1 2:3 2:4 2:6 2:7
2:8 2:9 2:11
17a1
2:13 2:14
ܕܐܡܬܟM 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ܕܡܠܬܟ6f1 ܡܢM Lee Urmia] ܥܡܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ܒܚܠܒܐM 8a1 17a1 ] � ܒܚ6f1 7a1 ̈ ܦܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ̈ ܠܗ ܐܦ ܡܢ ܒܝܢܬ ܿ ܿ ܿ ܘܚܠܨܘM (no ܬܗܪܘܢܗ �ܠܩܛܐ ܘ ܘܫܘܒܩܘܗ ܟܦܐ ̈ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܘܫܒܩܘܗ ܠܩܛܐ ܡܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 : support) ] ܒܝܢܬ ܟܦܐ ܘ� ܐܗܪܘܗ
2:16
lacking 17a1 ܘܐܘܬܪܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܐܘܪܬܬ8a1 11c1 becomes legible with ܘܗܘ. ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] om 11c1*
2:18 2:19
10
This is at the end of a line; the next begins with a bēth.
xxx
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܘܐܡܪܐM 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܐܡܪܐ6f1 ܕܠܩܛܐM 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܠܩܛܐ6f1 ܥܝܪܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] seyāme 17a1 ܿ ܟܠܬܗ M 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 ܐܢܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] lacking 17a1 ܐܗܪܟܝM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܢܗܪܟܝ6f1 7a1 ܿ �ܡ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 11 17a1 ] ܗܬܗ ̈ 11c1 (error unless an �ܡܗܬܗ accent/punctuation) ̈ ̈ 6f1 ܕܣܥ�ܐ ܘܕܚܛܐM 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܕܚܛܐ ܘܕܣܥ�ܐ ܡܚܟܘܡܬܢM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܒܚܟܘܡܬܢ6f11 ( ܒܚܟܡܘܬܢ6f1*) 7a1 ݄ܗܘ ܗ̇ܘM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܗ̇ܘ ܗܘ7a1 ܐܕܪܐM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 �ܕܪܐM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 ̈ ܒܠܒܘܫܝܟܝ M 6f1 8a1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ܒܠܒܘܫܟܝ11c1 ܘܬܩܪܒܝܢM 6f1 8a1 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܬܬܩܪܒܝܢ11c1 ܕܐܡܪܐ ܐܢܬܝM 8a1 11c11 17a1 ] ܕܐܡܪܐ ܐܢܬ11c1* : ܕܐܡܪܬܝ6f1 7a1 �ܕܪܐM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] seyāme 7a1 ܠܒܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ܠܗ17a1 ܘܐܬܐM Urmia] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ܠܟܢܦܐM (no support) ] ܟܢܦܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ܢܕM 6f1 7a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܘܢܕ8a1 11c1 legible ends with ܓܒܪܐ. ܕܚܙܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܚܙܐ8a1 ܕܕܡܟܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܕܡܟܐ8a1 ܕܥܬܝܪܝܢM 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] ܕ� ܕܥܬܝ�ܝܢ6f1 ܘܗܫܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܗܫܐ17a1 ܫܪܒܬܐM 8a1 17a1 ] ܫܪܒܬܗ6f1 7a1 ܬܒܥM 6f1 8a1 17a1 ] pr dālath 7a1 ܢܓܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܢܗܓܐ17a1 12 ܐܢܐM (no support) ] ܕܐܢ ܗܘ � ܢܬܒܥܟܝ ܐ� ܐܢܐ6f1 7a1 ( �ܕܐܢ ܗܘ ܕ )ܢܬܒܥܟܝ ܐ� ܐܢܐ8a1 17a1 ܕܢܓܗܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܕܢܗܓܬ17a1 ܘܕܐܡܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܘܐܡܪ17a1
2:20 2:22 2:23 3:2 3:3 3:4 3:5 3:6 3:7 3:8
3:10 3:11 3:12 3:13
27F
3:14 3:17 11 12
8a1 has a large dot on the final hē, which is vocalized as a masc suffix. So also in the following verse.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xxxi
Legible 11c1 resumes with 3:18 ܚܡܬܗ. ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1c 11c1 7a1 ] lacking 8a1* 2o ܕܝܬܒܝܢM 6f1 7a1 11c1 ] ܝܬܒܝܢ8a1 17a1 � ܬܒܥ ܐܢܬ ܐܡܪ ܠܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] � ܬܒܥ ܐܢܬ ܐܢܬ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ 17a1 ܘܐܕܥM 6f1 7a1 11c1 ] ܘܐܘܕܥ8a1 17a1 ܐܢܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] lacking 17a1 ܫܡܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ܫܡܐ17a1 ܚܣܝܪܘܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܚܣܝܪܘܬܝ8a1 11c1 � ܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] � 17a1 1o ܘܗܕܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 11c1 ] ܘܗܐ17a1 ܠܢܦܫܟM 6f1 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] ܢܦܫܟ7a1 With 4:9 �ܠܝܡܠܟthe legible page in 11c1 ends. ܕܩܢܝܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܕܩܢܝܬ ܠܝ17a1 1o ܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܡܕܡ17a1 2o M 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] ܡܕܡ17a1 � ܕM Lee] � ܕ� ܢܬܛܥܐ ܫܡܗ ܕܡܝܬܐ ܘ6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ܡܪܝܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܡܪܝܐ �ܗܐ8a1 ܗܠܝܢM 6f114 8a1 17a1 ] ̈ܗܢܝܢ7a1 ܠܟܝM 8a1 17a1 ] lacking 7a1 ܿ ܒܒܬܗ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܪܐ ܠܢܥܡܝ ܘܐܡܪ ̈ܫM 7a1 (no seyāme) 8a1 ] lacking 17a1 ܥܘܒܝܕM 17a1 ] ܥܘܒܪ7a1 8a115 With ܐܪܡin 4:19 legible 11c1 resumes. ܥܡܝܢܕܒM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] pr waw 7a1 ܢܚܫܘܢM 8a1 11c1 17a1 ] pr waw 7a1 ܠܥܘܒܝܕM 17a1 ] ܠܥܘܒܪ7a1 8a1 11c1 : + ܡܢ ܪܥܘܬ17a1 ܘܥܘܒܝܕM 17a1 ] ܘܥܘܒܪ7a1 8a1 11c1
ܿ
4:2 4:4
4:5 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:9 4:10 13 4:11 4:14 4:17
30F
4:20 4:21 4:22
8a1 has ( ܡܘܐܒܝwith a ^ over the last letter) for ;ܡܘܐܒܝܬܝprobably it is an abbreviation at the end of a full line. 14 6f1 is not extant for any further variants in Ruth. 15 A marginal note in 8a1 (associated with this name by a red dot) reads ܗܘܝܘ ܥܘܒܝܕ. 13
xxxii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
Susanna 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 Susanna not extant in Lee and Urmia ܥܡܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6h10 10f1 : + ܗܘܐ6h10 1 10f1 ܒܒܒܠM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܒܒܝܠ12d2 17a1 ܫܡܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] + ܗܘܐ10f1 ܿ 2 ܒܪܬܗ ܕܗܠܩܢܐM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܪܬܗ ܕܗܠܢܐ 7a1 � ܘܕܚM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] + ܗܘܬ10f1 17a1 ܡܪܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ6h10 3 1o ܟܠܗܘܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܠܒܪܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 pr ܗܘܘ10f1 16 4 ܛܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 10f1 ܘܐܝܬM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܝܬ7a1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 ( ) ̈ܝܘܕܝܐ17a1 ( ) ̈ܝܘܕܝܐ17e1 ] pr ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ17a1 ̈ 5 ܩܫܝܫܐ ܒܥܡܐ / ܬ�ܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] transpose 6h10 ̈ : ܬ�ܝܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ17a1 ܘܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘM 8a1 17e1 (8a1 17e1 lacking ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ])ܗܘܘ6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 : ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ10f1 : lacking 17a1 �ܫܢܐ ܕܥܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 (… )�ܝܫܢܐ17a1 17e1 ] �ܫܢܐ 6h10 ܒܫܢܬܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܢܬܐ10f1 �ܗܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܝܐ10f1 ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܘܩ6h10 : ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܘܩ12d2 : ܕܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܘܩܢ10f1 ܒܒܠM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܒܝܠ12d2 17a1 6 ܟܠM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 ()ܟܘܠ10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܠ12d2 ܘܡܬܬܕܝܢܝܢM (no support) ] ܘܡܬܕܝܢܝܢ6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 : defective ms 10f1 17 7 ܐܙܠM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܐܙܠܘ17a1 ܟܠܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܐܙܠܬM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܬ12d2 32F
16 17
8a1 has an erasure of 2 letters between the nūn and shīn in ܟܢܫܝܢ. In 10f1 damage to the right edge of the manuscript causes minor loss to verses 6–9.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 8 9
xxxiii
̈ ̈ ܩܫܝܫܐ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܟܗܢܐ17a1 ܡܕܥܗܘܢ ܘܐܪܟܢܘ ܘܐܬܗܦܟM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܘܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܡܕܥ̈ܗܘܢ ܘܪܟܢܘ17a1 ܒܛܘܫܝܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 12d218 17a1 ܘܐܡܪܘM (no support) ] ܘܐܡܪ6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ̇ originally 17e1 ܠܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1c ] �ܗ ܘܐܙܠܘM 8a1 ] ܘܐܬܘ6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 1o ܠܚܕM 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܚܕ6f1 6h10 ܬܡܢ ܘܟܕ ܒܗܬܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܡܕܡ ܕܥܒܕܘ ܚܕ ܠܚܕM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 (but with � ܒܢܟfor ) ܬܡܢ12d2 17a1 17e1 (but with � ܒܢܟfor ] ) ܬܡܢ
11 13
3F
14
lacking 10f1 (homeotel) ܝܬܒܘ ܘܓܠܘM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ܘܝܬܒܘ ܓܠܘ10f1 : ܘܝܬܒܘ ܘܓܠܘ17a1 ܕܐܝܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܝܟܢܐ6h10 ܿ ܪܓܘܗ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܿ ܿ 6h10 ܪܓܘܗ ܥܡܗ ܿ ܿ ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܠܚܘܕܗ12d2 ܿ ܿ ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܗ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܝܗ10f1 : ܿ ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܗ ܠܢܟܦܬܐ17a1 ܕܘܟܪܢܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 ] ܠܕܘܟܪܢܐ10f1 17a1 17e1 ܕܟܠܝܘܡM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܠܝܘܡ7a1 ܐܬܡܠܝM 17e1 ] pr dālath 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2(vid) 17a1 ()ܕܐܬܡܠ ܗܘܐ1o M 6f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ̈ܗܘܝ6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܗܢܘܢM 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 : ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ10f1 ܿ ̈ ܠܛܠM 6f1 6h10 (om diacritical) 10f1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܬܗ om seyāme 7a1 ܘܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܙܝܢ6f1 ܚܙܝ ܠܗܘܢM (no support) ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܠܗܢܘܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܗܠܝܢ10f1 12d2 17a1 ܗܘܘM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܘ12d2 ܪܗܛܘM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܘܪܗܛܘ17a1
15
16 17 18
19 18
Possibly the seyāme is partially obliterated; the text is vocalized for the singular.
xxxiv 21 22
23
24 25 26
27 28
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܡܛܠM 6f1 ] pr waw 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܟܠM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܬ�ܝܢ17a1 ܓܝܪM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܘܐܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܢ ܕܝܢ10f1 ܐܩܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܩܒ� ܐܢܐ6h10 ܝܐܐM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܝܐܝܐ7a1 12d2 17a1 ̈ ܕܓܒ�ܐ/ ܕܫܘܩܪܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܓܒ�ܐ �ܥܘ ̈�ܥܘ6h10 : transpose 10f1 ܒܝܫܬܗM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܝܫܘܬܗ7a1 � ܒܥܘM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) : ܒܛܠܘܡܝܐ 17a1
ܩܘܕܡܬM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ܩܕܡ10f1 17a1 �ܗܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܝܐ6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ܕܐܦ ܡܢM 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܕܡܢ17a1 ܘܩܥܬM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܩܥܬܝ10f1 ܐܦM 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d1 17a1 ] ܘܐܦ8a1 17e1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܒ�ܐ10f1 ܩܫܝܫܐ ܬ�ܥܐM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 ܘܥܠܘM 8a1 17e1 ] ܥܠܘ6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ܒܥܓܠM 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ 1o ܐܢܫܘܬܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܢܫܘܬܐ6h10 12d2 ܕܗܟܢܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܕܗܘܐ17a1 ܥܒܪܝܢ ܚܢܢM 6h10 8a1 ] ܥܒܪܝܢܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܐܕܝܩܢM 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܕܝܩܢܢ7a1 ܐܬܡܨܝܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܐܬܡܨܝܢܢ17a1 3o ܟܕM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 6h10 10f1 12d2 17a1 ܕܝܢM 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 ܐܬܟܢܫܘM 6f1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܟܢܫ6h10 7a1 ܕܐܢM 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܢ6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 ܿ ܿ ܕܢܥܫܩܘܢܗ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1] ܐܝܟ ܕܢܥܫܩܘܢܝܗ10f1 ܥܘ�ܝܬM 6f1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 : ܝܡ ܥܘ�ܝܬ 7a1
29 30 31
ܟܠܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ ܒܬܪܗ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܬܪܗ7a1 10f1 ܿܝܕܘܥܝܗ ܿ ̈ ܝܕܥ6h10 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܗ ܟܠܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܿ ܒܚܙܘܗ M 6h10 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܚܙܘܐ6f1 7a112d2
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xxxv
ܘܡܟܝܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܡܟܝܟܐ ܗܘܬ6h10 ܦܩܕܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܦܩܕ6h10 ܿ ܕܢܓܠܘܢܗ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܓܠܘܢ10f1 ܿ ܒܚܙܬܗM (no support) ] ܒܚܙܬܐ6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1
32
17e1 ܿ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܠܗ ܿ ܐܢܫܘܬܗ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܢܫܘܬܐ6f1 ܿ ܠܗM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ6f1 ܥܠܘM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܡܘ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܩܫܝܫܐ ܿ ܥܠܝܗ ܫܘܩܪܐ ܘܐܣܗܕܘM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 12d2 ܘܐܡܪܝܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪܘ12d2c19 ܕܡܝܟܐM 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ܕܡܟܐ6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1: not legible 12d2 ܫܩܠܬM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܐܪܝܡܬ17a1 ܡܗܠܟܝܢ ܚܢܢM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܗܠܟܝܢܢ6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ܘܥܠܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2(vid) 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠܢ6h10 : ܘܥܠ10f1 ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1 17a1 ܗܘܐM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 ܿ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ10f1 ܠܗ ܘܕܡܟM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܘܕܡܝܟ17a1 ܠܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10 ܐܫܟܚܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܫܟܚܢ ܚܢܢ6h10 ܬܪܥܐM 6h10 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 12d2 ܠܗܕܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] ܘܠܗܕܐ17a1 ܕܕܡܝܟ ܗܘܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ( )ܕܕܡܟ ܗܘܐ17e1 ] ܕܕܡܟ 12d2 ܡܢܘM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 6f1 ܥܠܘܗܝM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܗܠܝܢM 6f1 6h19 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܕܐ12d2 ̈ ܕܠܩܫܝܫܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10 ̈ ܕܠܕܝܢܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܠܪܝ̈ܢܐ10f1
33 34
34F
35 36 37 38 39 40 20 41
Several words in 12d2 seem to have been reinked in this verse and the next; the original reading is uncertain, but probably, on the basis of space, was that of M. 20 The retracer of 8a1 was especially active in verses 40–51. 19
xxxvi
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܘܠܫܪܒܬܗܝܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 12d2 ܘܓܥܬM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܩܥܬ6f1
42
The prayer found in M 42f. (for variants see the rest of entries on 42 and 43) �ܗܐ … ܕܫܐܠܘܢܝis replaced in 10f1 with �ܗܢ ܕܠܥܠܡ
̈ ̈ ܟܣܝܬܗ ܕܠܒܐ ܝܬܗ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܘܛܫ ܩܝܡ ܘܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܝܕܥ ̈ ̈ ܠܛ�ܝܡܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܕܐ ܕܛܠܘܡܝܗܘܢ ܐܢܬ ܘܝܕܥ ܡܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܥܕ� ܢܗܘܐ ܦܪܩ �ܡܪܝ ܝܕܥ ܐܢܬ ܕܒܕ ܓܠܘܬܐ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠ ܐܡܬܟ ܘܗܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܥܘ ܕ� ܥܒܕܬ ܡܕܡ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝ ܘܚܘܐ ܠܝ ܘܫܕܪ ܠܝ ܦܪܘܩܐ ܡܢ ̈ ܩܕܡܝܟ ܕܢܬܗܝܡܢ ܫܪܪܟ ܠܘܬ. ܕܚܠܝܟ ܕܟܠ ܡܕܡM (no support) ] ܕܟܠܗܝܢ6f1 : lacking 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ̈ M 6h10 17e1 ] ܟܣܝܬܐ ̈ 6f1 : ܕܟܣܝܬܐ ̈ 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 ܘܟܣܝܬܐ ̈ 7a1c(vid) 8a1retr 21 12d2 ̈ܓܠܝܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1* 17a1 17e1] ܪܓܠܝܢ ܐܢܝܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ8a1retr22 ܥܫܩܘܢܝM 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܫܩܘܢ7a1 ܕܗܠܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܠܝܢ6h10 : lacking23 12d2 ܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܣܗܕܘ ܥܠܝ ܗܠܝܢ12d2 ܐ� ܥܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 ] ܐ� ܐܢ ܥܠ6h10 17a1 2o ܥܒܕܬM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܕܫܘܫܢM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܢܦܩܐM 6f1 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܦܩܬ6h10 8a1retr 10f1 ܩܕܝܫܬܐM 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17e1 ] ܩܕܝܫܐ7a1 10f1 17a1 ܕܗܘܐ ܒܪ ܬܪܬܥܣ�ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢM (no support) ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܘܩܥܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܙܥܩ10f1 ܡܚܣܝM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܒ�ܐ ܡܢܐ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܢܐ ܡܚܣܝ10f1 ܿ 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܕܡܐM (no support) ] ܕܡܗ ܕܗܕܐM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܢܬܬܐ ܗܕܐ10f1 ܕܕܟܝܐM 8a1retr 17e1 ] ܕܙܟܝܐ6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 ܠܘܬܗM 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܡܠܬܐ ܗܕܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܕܐ6h10 ܕܡܠܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܡܠܠ ܐܢܬ6h10 36F
43
37F
38F
44 45
46
47
The retracer’s rīsh looks like a closed/solid waw. There is ample room for ܐܢܝܢto have been the original reading, although there are no traces of such a reading. 23 But see next item. 21 22
xxxvii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 48
17a1ܘܟܕ ܗܘ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1ܘܗܘ ܟܕ 10f1 12d2ܗܘܐ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] addܩܐܡ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1ܥܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ] M 8a1retr 17e1ܐܡܪ 6h10 10f1ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1retr 12d2 17a1 17e1ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘ� ܒܚܙܝܢ ] ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 24 ܠܒܢܬ … ܠܗܕܐ 48–49 ܿ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܕܝܢܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܕܚܝܒܬܘܢܗ ܠܗܕܐ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘ� ܡܥܩܒܝܢ ܿ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܡܟܕܒܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܠܗܕܐ ܐܗܦܟܘܗ ܕܬܡܘܬ ܒܪܬ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܿ ܥܠܝܗ 10f1ܒܣܗܕܘܬܗܘܢ 49 7a1ܠܟܘܢ 6f1 6h10 12d2 17a1 :ܟܠܟܘܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܠܟܘܢ ܟܠܟܘܢ ܿ ܿ ܚܝܒܬܘܢܗ 6f1ܚܝܒܘܗ ] M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 50 6h10ܐܢܫܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܟܢܘܫܬܐ 6h10ܘܐܡܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪܘ 12d2ܬܐܒ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܬܒ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ ܗܫܐ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ ܢܚܙܐ 10f1ܘܚܘܢ 12d2(vid) : 12d2ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܩܫܝܫܘܬܐ 51 6h10ܐܡܪ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ 10f1ܠܗܢܘܢ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1ܠܝ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܚܕ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ ] ̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܩܫܝܫܐ ܚܕ 6f1ܬ�ܝܢ ̈ ̈ ܩܫܝܫܐ 10f1ܡܢ ܚܕ 10f1ܕܥܘ� ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܒܥܘ� 17a1ܕܐܣܗܕܘ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1ܐܣܗܕܘ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܫܘܩܪܐ 52 12d2ܕܐܥܬܩܬ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܥܬܩܬ 10f1ܗܠܝܢ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܗܢܘܢ 53 M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1ܕܝ̈ܢܐ ̈ ܘܠܙܕܝܩܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6h10 ̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1ܠܡܟܝܟܐ ̈ ̈ ܘܠܙܟܝܐ � ܡܙܟܐ ܗܘܝܬ ܘܠܚܝܒܐ ܡܙܟܐ ] M 8a1 (but lacking �) 17e1 ̈ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1ܗܘܝܬ ܘܠܙܟܝܐ ܡܚܝܒ ܗܘܝܬ 25 54 10f1 readsܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ … ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܗܘ ܘܫܝܫܐ In place of M ܗܠܝܢ ܥܒܕ ܗܘܝܬ ܘܐܡܪ ܐܢܬ ܕܐܠܗܢ ܙܕܝܩ ܗܘ ܘܠܙܕܝ̈ܩܐ � ܡܘܒܕ ܘ� ܕܚܙܝܬܗܿ ܫܡܥ ܗܘܝܬ ܡܕܡ ܕ�ܚ�ܢܐ ܡܠܦ ܗܘܝܬ ܿܗܫܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܢ ܗܘ ܐܫܟܚܬܗ ܥܡ ܓܒܪܐ ܗܘ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠܗ .ܠܗܕܐ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܬܚܝܬ ܐܝܢܐ ܐܝܠܢܐ For variants among the mss which support M see the entries under verse 49. For variants among the mss which support M see further under verse 54.
24 25
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xxxviii
6f1 12d2ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܗܕܐ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ] M 8a1 17e1ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܗܕܐ 7a1ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܗܕܐ ܐܡܪܘ ܠܝ 6h10 :ܗܫܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪܘ ܠܝ 17a1 : 6f1ܕܡܝܟܝܢ ] M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܡܟܝܢ In place of the entire verse of M 10f1 reads
55
ܘܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܕܓܠܬ ܥܠ ܩܪܩܦܬܟ ܶܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܡ�ܟܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܕܢܦܩܘܢܗ ܠܗܘ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܢܣܒ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܡܢ �ܗܐ ܕܢܦܣܩܟ ܠܬ�ܝܢ .ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܕܢ 17a1ܩܒܠ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2(vid) 17e1ܕܩܒܠ
56 26
In place of the entire verse of M 10f1 reads
̈ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܘܢܝܬܘܢ ܠܗܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܿܐܦ ܠܗܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܙܪܥܐ ܕܟܢ̈ ܿܥܢܝܐ ܘ� .ܫܘܦܪܗ ܕܗܕܐ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܐܛܥܝܟ ܘ�ܓܬܗ ܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ 17a1ܗܘ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1ܠܗܘ 1o 6h10 17a1ܐܦ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1ܘܐܦ 6h10ܙܪܥܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܙܪܥܗ ܿ ܫܘܦܪܗ ] ) M (no supportܫܘܦܪܐ 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 * M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d21 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 12d2ܗܘ 6h10ܕܗܕܐ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܫܥܒܕܟ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܗܕܐ ܫܥܒܕܟ ] ) 7a1 8a1 12d2 17e1ܐܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ( M 6f1 6h10ܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܟ
56 27
lacking 17a1 57 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1ܗܘܝܬܘܢ ] ) M (no supportܐܢܬܘܢ 17e1 8f1ܠܒܝܬ ] ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d1 17a1 17e1 ܠܒܢܬ 8a1retrܘܗܠܝܢ 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 :ܘܗܢܝܢ ] M 17e1ܒܕ� ̈ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܗܘܝ ̈ ܨܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ 6f1 6h10 8a1retr 10f1ܨܒܝܢܟܘܢ ] M 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ̈ M 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 6h10 10f1ܒܝܫܐ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1] seyāme 17e1ܕܚܠܬܗܝܢ 10f1 readsܐܢܘܢ through 62ܐܢܬ ܕܝܢ 58–62 In place of M 58
ܘ� ܣܒܪܬܘܢ ܥܠ ܕܝܢܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܡܕܪܟ ܠܟܘܢ ܗܫܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܬܚܝܬ ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܐܝ̈ܠܢܐ ܚܙܝܬܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܗܕܐ ܘܠܗܘ ܥܠܝܡܐ ܕܡܡܠܝܢ ܚܕ ܥܡ ܚܕ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܬܚܝܬ ܪܘܡܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܕܓܠܬ ܐܦ ܐܢܬ ܐܚܝܕ ܘܪܘܡܚܐ ܒܐܝ̈ܕܗ ܥܠ ܩܪܩܦܬܟ ܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܡܛܐ ܡ�ܟܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܘܙܥܩܬ ܿ ̈ ܟܠܗ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܕܒܢܝ ܘܢܦܠܓܟ ܠܬ�ܝܢ ܘܢܚܒܠ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܠܬ�ܝܟܘܢ ̈ ܠܟܠ ܕܡܣܒܪ ܒܗ ܟܣܝܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܚܝܠ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܫܒܚܘ �ܠܗܐ ܓ� ܿ ܘܦܪܩ �ܝܠܝܢ ܕܥܠܘܗܝ ܬܟܝܠܝܢ ܘܝܗܒ ܠܙܟܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܙܟܝܘܬܗ ܘܦܪܥ ܠܥܘ�
For variants among the mss which support M see further under verse 56. 8a1 is extensively reinked between verses 56 and 63.
26 27
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Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܐܘܪܚܗ ܒܪܝܫܗ ܘܩܡܘ ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܥܠ ܗܢܘܢ ܬ�ܝܗܘܢ ̈ ܩܫܝܫܐ ܕܕܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܕܡܢ ܦܘܡܗܘܢ ̈ ܐܣܗܕܘ ܫܘܩܪܐ ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ܘܐܬܥܒܕ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ ܘܘܘ ܒܐܚܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܟܬܝܒ ܒܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܡܘܫܐ ܘܩܛܠܘ ܐܢܘܢ .ܐܝܟ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܩܪܐ ܘܡܠܠ ܟܕ ܕܡܟܝܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ ] M 6h10 7a1 8a1retr28 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܕܡܟܝܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ
58
6f1
6f1ܥܢܐ ܗܘ ܘܐܡܪ ] M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܥܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ 8a1retrܪܘܚܟܘܢ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܠܬ�ܝܟܘܢ 8a1retrܘܩܥܬ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܘܥܢܬ …) 8a1ܘܐܡܪܬ …( M 6f1 6h10 7a1ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܒܩ� ܪܒܐ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܐܟܚܕܐ 17a1 17e1ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܒܩ� ܪܒܐ ܘܐܡܪܘ ] 10f1 12d2 7a1ܘܐܡܪܬ ] M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪܘ 6h10ܕܗܝܡܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܗܝܡܢܘ 6h10 7a1 8a1retr 12d2 17a1ܠܡܪܝܐ 6f1 :ܠܡܪܝܐ �ܗܐ ] � M 17e1ܠܗܐ 7a1 8a1 12d2ܘܝܗܒ ] M 6f1 6h10 17a1 17e1ܕܝܗܒ ܿ ܙܟܝܘܬܗ ] M 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܙܟܝܘܬܗ 6f1 M 6f1 6h10 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܠܥܘ� M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6h10ܦܘܪܥܢܘܬܐ 12d2ܕܫܘܫܢ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܫܘܝܢ M 6h10 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 12d2 17a1ܗܘܘ 17a1ܕܨ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17e1ܕܝܢ ) 12d2(vidܐܫܬܒܩ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܐܫܬܟܚ M 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 6h10 7a1 10f1 12d2 17a1ܒܝܫܐ 6h10 10f1ܕܚܣܕܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܣܘܪܚܢܐ M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܗܘܐ 1o ̈ ̇ ܟ�ܗ ܘܒܥܝܢܝ ] M 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1ܫܪܒܬܐ ܕܫܘܫܢ
59
60 29
62 63
64
om by homoeotel 17e1 ܿ ܫܪܒܬܗ ] ) M (no supportܫܪܒܬܐ 6f1 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 6h10ܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘܕܝܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1ܕܝܢܐ ܘܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ M 6f1 6h10 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1ܒܥܡܗ 6f1ܕܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ] ̈ M 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1 17e1 ܕܬܫܒܚܬܗ
The initial dālath in 8a1retr lacks the diacritical and a yūdh is inserted between the mīm and kāph). 29 In 6f1 6h10 7a1 12d2 17a1 17e1 verse 60 precedes verse 59. 28
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Appendix 2: Variant Readings
Esther 30 6f1(missing 1:1–12) 7a1 8a1 31 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܝܘܡܬܗ ̈ ܒܝܘܡܘܗܝ 10f1 1:1 o 1 ܕܐܚܫܝܪܫM 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 ] ܐܚܫܝܪܫ17a1 : add ܡܠܟܐ17e1 ܒܪܗ ܕܐܚܫܝܪܫM 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ7a1 14/8a1 10f1 ܗܘܕM 7a1 17a1 ] ܝܗܘܕ10f1 : ܗܘܪ14/8a1 : ܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ17e1 ܠܟܘܫM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܟܘܫܝ14/8a1 ܘܥܕܡܐM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܕܡܐ10f1 ܘܥܣܪܝܢM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܣ�ܝܢ ܘܫܒܥ14/8a1 10f1 1:2 ܗܘܐM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ܿ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗM 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ 7a1 ܕܒܫܘܫܢM 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܘܫܢ7a1 1:3 ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ10f1 14/8a1 ܠܟܠܗܘܢM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܟܠ14/8a1 1o ܘܪܘ�ܒܢܐM 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܘ�ܘܪܒܢܘܗܝ7a1 17a1 (abbreviated) ܩܕܡܘܗܝM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐM 10f1 ] om seyāme 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 1:4 ܚܘܝM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܘܝ ܐܢܘܢ10f1 14/8a1 ܘܐܝܩܪܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ܕܬܫܒܘܚܬܐM 7a1 17a1 ] ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ10f1 14/8a1 17e1 1:5 ܘܟܕM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܕ10f1 ܗܢܘܢM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܠܘܟ10f1 ܕܐܫܬܟܚM 14/8a1 ] ܕܐܫܬܟܚܘ10f1 : ܕܐܫܬܚܪ7a1 17a1 17e1 ܡܫܬܝܐM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ̈ ̈ 1:6 ܘܢܓܝ ̈ܕܢ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܓܝܪܢ 14/8a1 ̈ 17a1 : � ̈ܟܠܝ14/8a1 ̈ � ܘܐM Lee Urmia] � ܐܘ7a1 10f1 17e1 : ��ܢܐ ܟܘܒܐM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 14/8a1 ܕܬܟܠܬܐM Urmia] ܘܬܟܠܬܐ7a1 8a1(seyāme) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ܘܡܬܝܚܢ M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܬܝܚܢ 10f1 Distinctions between ( ܐܚܫܝܪܫusual in M) and ( ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫusual in 8a1) are normally ignored in this Appendix. 31 All of Esther 1:1–2:23 is written in a hand identical to that of 8a1retr found in Ruth and Susanna (but will be cited here as 14/8a1); the intensity of the ink varies in the columns but most is as dark as what was reinked in Ruth and Susanna. ܬܠܬin 1:3 clearly looks like it has been written over a rasura. 30
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
1:7 1:8 1:9
1:10
1:11
xli
ܘܕܐܪܓܘܢܐM 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 : ܘܐ�ܓܘܢܐ14/8a1 ܥܡܘܕܐM Lee Urmia] seyāme 7a110f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܕܐܫܟܪܥܐM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܢܐ10f1 14/8a1 ܘܥ�ܣܬܐM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠ ܥ�ܣܬܐ10f1 ܘܕܣܐܡܐM Lee Urmia] ܘܕܟܣܦܐ7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 �ܡܝܢM 7a1 (om seyāme) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕ�ܡܝܢ10f1 ̈ ܘܬܫܘܝܬܐ M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܕܫܝܫܐM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܚܫܐ14/8a1 ܘܕܫܐܪܝܐM Lee Urmia 17a1 (seyāme) 17e1 (seyāme) ] ܘܕܫܪܝܐ7a1 : ܘܕܙܚܘܪܝܬܐ10f1 14/8a1 ܘܡܫܩܝܢM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] space at the start of the line long
enough for the lemma 14/8a1 ܕܕܗܒܐM 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ܒܢܡܘܣܐM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܢܡܘܣ10f1 ܕܐܠܨM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܨ14/8a1 ܕܟܠ ܐܢܫM Lee Urmia] ܠܟܠܢܫ7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܘܘܫܬܝM 7a1 17a1 ( )ܘܫܬܝ17e1 ] ܘܐܦ ܘܫܬܝ10f1 : ܘܩܫܬܝ14/8a1 ܥܒܕܬM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܒܕܐ14/8a1 ܐܦ ܗܝM Lee Urmia 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ܒܒܝܬM Lee ] ܒܝܬ7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܒܚܡܪܐM 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a11 17e1] om 17a1* ܐܡܪM 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪ17a1 ܠܒܙܬܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1 ̈ ܘܠܗܓܝ ܢܛܪ17e1 ܘܠܪܚܒܘܢܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ܢܫܐ ܘܠܒܓܬܐM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܠܝܓܬܐ10f1 �ܒܘܓܬܐ7a1 17a1] ܘ�ܓܒܘܬܐM 8a1 17e1 : ܘ�ܓܠܒܥܘܬܐ10f1 : ܘ�ܒܓܘܬܐ14/8a1 ܘܠܬܪܫM 7a1 17a1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1 ܫܒܥܐM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܠܬܪܥ ܫܒܥܐ14/8a1 ܘܠܙܬܪM 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܘܠܢܬܪ17e1 ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢM 6h10 7a1 8a1 10f1 12d2 17a1] ܕܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ17e1 ܠܘܫܬܝM 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܠܩܫܬܝ14/8a1 ܿ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ M 7a1 17a1 ] ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ10f1 14/8a1 ܠܡܚܘܝܘM 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 ] pr waw 10f1
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Appendix 2: Variant Readings
1:12
M 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 14/8a1 (withܘܫܬܝ ܡܠܟܬܐ )ܘܫܬܝ forܩܫܬܝ 10f1 14/8a1 :ܒܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 32 7a1 17a1 17e1ܒܦܬܓܡܐ * 14/8a1ܒܬܠܘܐ pr M 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1ܡܠܟܐ 1o ̈ M (no support) ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܒܢܝ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 14/8a1ܙܒܢ̈ܐ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܗܘܐ ] M 17e1ܗܘ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܢܡܘܣܗ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] M 17e1 Lee Urmiaܢܡܘܣܗ 14/8a1ܕܐܡܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܐܡܪ M 10f1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܘܘ 14/8a1ܟܠ ܿܡܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܟܠ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 10f1ܢ ̈ ܡܘܣܐ ܘܕܝܢ̈ܐ 10f1ܘܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ 6f1 :ܘܠܟܠ ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ] M 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ
1:13
1:14
14/8a1 ) 14/8a1ܒܪܣܝ( 7a1 10f1ܒܪܫܝ M 6f1 17e1 :ܒܪܫ ] ) 17a1(vidܒܪܢܫܝ ) :ܒܪܣܝ( 14/8a1ܘܣܝܬܪ 17a1 :ܘܐܫܬܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1ܘܫܬܪ 10f1ܘܐܪܡܝܬ ܘܬܪܝ M 6f1 7a1 17e1 :ܘܐܪܡܬ ] 14/8a1 17a1ܘܐܪܡܘܬ 14/8a1ܘܝܬܪ ܘܡܘܣ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] :ܘܡܘܣ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1ܘܬܪܫܝܫ ܘܡܣܪܝܐ 10f1 :ܘܡܘܣܪܝܐ M 14/8a1 17e1 :ܘܡܪܣܐ ] 6f1 7a1ܘܡܪܣܝܐ )17a1(vid 10f1ܘܡܟܟܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܥܘܟܢ 14/8a1ܘܡܕܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܡܕܝ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 :ܐܡܪܘ ܡܢܐ ] ) M (no supportܐܡܪܘ ܕܡܢܐ ̣ 17e1ܐܡܪ ܕܡܢܐ 14/8a1ܗܘܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܗܘܐ 10f1 14/8a1ܠܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ 10f1 14/8a1ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a117e1ܥܠ ܟܠܗܘܢ 10f1 14/8a1ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܠ ܟܠܗܘܢ 14/8a1 :ܘܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ] M 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ 7a1ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ 6f1 :ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ 10f1ܟܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1? 17e1ܘܟܕ 6f1 7a1ܢܦܩ ] M 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܦܘܩ
.ܠܡܥܠ 6f1 becomes extant again with Esther 1:12
1:15 1:16
1:17 32
xliii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10f1 14/8a1ܕܡܠܟܬܐ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :ܕܡܠܬܐ ] M 17e1ܘܡܠܬܐ M 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1ܗܕܐ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܢܗܘܝܢ 14/8a1ܠܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ܕܡܕܝ 14/8a1 :ܕܦܪܣ ܘܡܕܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܕܦܪܣ ܘܕܡܕܝ 10f1ܘܕܦܪܣ ܿ ܦܬܓܡܗ 10f1 14/8a1ܦܬܓܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ܟܠܗ 10f1 :ܟܠܗ ܪܘܓܙܐ 7a1 :ܘܟܠܗ ] M 6f1 17a1 17e1ܘܟܠܗܿ ܿ 14/8a1 10f1ܘܒܣܝܪܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܣܝܪܘܬܐ 14/8a1ܒܪܘܓܙܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܪܘܓܙܐ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܐܢ 14/8a1ܕܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ 10f1 14/8a1ܘܢܟܬܘܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܬܟܬܒ 10f1 14/8a1ܒܢܡܘܣܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܒܢܡܘܣ ܕܡܕܝ ܘܦܪܣ 10f1 :ܕܡܕܝ ܘܕܦܪܣ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ ܘܦܪܣ
14/8a1 17e1ܘ� ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܕ� 10f1 14/8a1ܕ� ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܬܘܒ � ܿ ܘܡܠܟܘܬܗ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] M 14/8a1 14/8a1ܩܫܬܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܫܬܝ 6f1ܡܢܗ ] ܿ M 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܡܢܗ 10f1 14/8a1ܠܒܥ̈ܠܝܗܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܠܓܒ�ܝܗܝܢ ̈ ܒܥܝܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ 10f1ܒܥܝ̈ܢܝ ܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܘܕܪܘܪܒܢܘܗܝ ̈ ܘܪܘܪܒܢܘܗ ] M 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ 10f1(vid) : lacking 6f1 ܿ ܦܬܓܡܗ 10f1 14/8a1ܦܬܓܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 10f1ܕܡܥܘܟܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܡܥܘܟܢ 10f1ܡܕܝ ̈ܢܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ ܿ 14/8a1 ܥܡܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܥܡܗ 14/8a1ܒܬܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܬܪ 7a1ܪܘܚܗ ] M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܚܡܬܗ ܿ ܐܬܕܟܪܗ 7a1ܐܬܕܟܪܗ ] M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 14/8a1ܠܩܫܬܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܘܫܬܝ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 14/8a1ܡܠܟܬܐ 10f1 14/8a1ܘܠܡܕܡ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܟܠ ܡܕܡ 14/8a1ܘܥܠ 10f1 :ܘܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܟܠ 2o 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܕܦܣܩܘ ] M 10f1 14/8a1ܕܦܣܩ
1:18
1:19
1:20 1:21
1:22 2:1
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
14/8a1ܐܡܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪܘ 6f1 7a1c 10f1 14/8a1ܠܡܠܟܐ ] M 7a1* 17a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; nearly half a line is leftܠܡܠܟܐ
blank 14/8a1 14/8a1ܒܚܙܘܐ 10f1 :ܒܗܙܘܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܒܚܙܘܗܝܢ 14/8a1ܘܦܩܕܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܦܩܘܕ 17e1ܦܘܩܕܢܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] addܡܠܟܐ 14/8a1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ] M 14/8a1 17e1ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ) 10f1*(vidܒܚܙܘܝܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f11 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܚܙܘܗܝܢ 14/8a1ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ̈ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܢܫܐ ܠܘܬ 7a1ܡܗܝܡܢܬܐ ] M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܢܫܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܢܛܪ ̈ 10f1 : lacking 14/8a1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܢܛܪ ̈ ܢܫܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1ܘܢܬܠ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 : lacking 14/8a1ܬܨܒܝܬܗܝܢ 10f1ܘܠܥܠܝܡܬܐ 14/8a1* :ܥܠܝܡܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܠܝܡܬܐ 14/8a1cܕܥܠܝܡܬܐ : ܒܥܝܢܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܩܕܡ ̈ 10f1 14/8a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] omܘܫܦܪܬ ܡܠܬܐ ܒܥܝܢܝ ܡܠܟܐ 17e1 14/8a1ܘܒܫܡܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܫܡܗ 14/8a1ܢܐܝܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܝܐܝܪ 14/8a1ܩܫܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܩܝܫ ܢܐܪܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܒܪ ܝܐܝܪ ...ܕܒܢܝܡܝܢ .ܕܓܠܝ 17e1ܫܡ ܒܪ ܩܝܫ ܡܢ ܫܒܛܐ ܕܓܠܝ 14/8a1ܩܫܬܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܘܫܬܝ 7a1ܥܠ ] M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܡ 1o 10f1ܕܐܓܠܝܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܓܠܝܬ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 14/8a1ܕܝܗܘܕܐ ܩܘܒܠܗ ] ܿ M 17a1 17e1 ܿ ܚܙܘܗ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܘܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܗܘ ܿ ̇ ܩܘܒܠܗ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1ܚܙܘܗ ] M 17a1 17e1 6f1 7a1 14/8a1ܡܝܬ ] M 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܝܬܘ ܿ ܿ ܢܣܒܗ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1ܢܣܒܗ ܠܗ ] M 17a1 17e1 * 14/8a1ܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1c 17a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܐ 14/8a1ܟܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܘܟܕ 2o ̈ ܡܬܟܢܫܢ 17e1ܐܬܟܢܫ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܘܟܕ ̈ ̈ ̈ ܥ�ܝܡܬܐ ] M 6f1 17a1 17e1ܒܬܘܠܬܐ 7a1ܦܬܘܠܬܐ 10f1 14/8a1 :
xliv 2:2
2:3
2:4
2:5 2:5–6 2:6 2:7
2:8
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xlv
ܐܦ ܐܣܬܝܪ/ ܐܬܕܒܪܬM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܠܒܝܬ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܘܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܠܒܝܬ ܗܓܝ
17e1 ܢܛܪM 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܓܝ ܢܛܪ6f1 7a1 14/8a1 ܘܣܪܗܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܘܣܪܗܒܬ17e1 ܿ ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܢ̈ܘܬܐ10f1 ܘܬܗ 1o ܠܡܬܠM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܠܡܬܠ14/8a1 : ܕܢܬܠ17a1 ̇ ܠܡܬܠ... ܘܠܫܒܥM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om by �ܗ homoeotel 17e1 ܘܠܫܒܥM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܫܒܥ14/8a1 ̈ ̈ ܿ ܥ�ܝ ̈ ܡܬܗ ܕܙܕܝ̈ܩܢ M 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 7a1 33 : ܥܠܝܡܬܐ ܕܙܕܩܢ ܿ ̈ ̈ 10f1 : ܥ�ܝܡܬܗ ܕܐܙܠܢ14/8a1 ܿ 2o ܠܗM 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ6f1 ̇ ܘܦܪܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ܡܠܟܐ17e1 �ܗ ܿ ܘܠܥ�ܝ ̈ ܡܬܗ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܛܒM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܬܝܪ10f1 ̈ ܛܒ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܡܛܘܬܐ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܢܫܐ ̈ 17e1 ܢܫܐ 2 ܡܢM Urmia ] ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ܿ M 6f1 17a1 ] ܥܡܗ ܿ 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ܫܡܗ ]ܬܚܘܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] add ܫܪܒܬܟܝ17e1 ܩܕܡM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 ܿ ܫܪܒܐM 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܫܪܒܗ 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 ܡܬܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܥܒܕ10f1 : ܐܬܐܡܪ14/8a1 ܿ 14/8a1 ܙܒܢܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܙܒܢܗ ̈ ܥ�ܝܡܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] either a ܨfor the ܝܡor a ܠ for the ܡ14/8a1 ܕܫܠܡܘM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking, space long enough for the lemma at the start of the line 14/8a1 ̇ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] add ܠܥܠܝܡܬܐ17e1 �ܗ ̈ܝܘܡܬܐM 17a1 17e1 ] ̈ܝܘܡܝܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 : ܝܪܚܝܢ14/8a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 14/8a1 1o ܕܢܫܐ ̈ 1o ܝܘܡܝܢM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܪܚܝܢ14/8a1 ܕܡܫܚܐM 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ܒܡܫܚܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 ̈ 2o ܝܘܡܝܢM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܪܚܝܢ14/8a1
2:9
2:10 2:11 2:12
33
7a1 lacks a diacritical mark on the ܗsuffix.
xlvi
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܕܒܣܡܐM Lee Urmia ] ܒܒܣܡܐ6f1 7a1(vid) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܒܒܘܣܡܐ10f1 1o ܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 � ܥܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 ] add ܗܘܬ17e1 ܠܒܝܬM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܘܬ14/8a1 ܝܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] lacking 17e1 ܫܢܓܫܓܫܝܪM 6f1 7a1 17a1] ܫܒܓܫܝܪ10f1 : ܫܓܥܝܫܝܪ14/8a1 : ܫܓܫܓܫܝܪ17e1 ܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking; blank space at the
2:13 2:14
end of the line adequate for holding the lemma 14/8a1 � ܥܐ6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܓ10f1 ܿ ܨܒܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 ] ܨܒܐ ܗܘܐ14/8a1 : lacking 17a1 ܒܗ ̇ ܨܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܥܢܐ ̣ܗܘ17e1 ܒܗ ܡܠܟܐ ܿ ܘܩܪܗM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܪܐ14/8a1 ܿ ܒܫܡܗ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܫܡܗ10f1 ܿ 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܙܒܢܗ ܿ ܕܝܢ6f1 7a1 ܙܒܢܐM 10f1 ] ܙܒܢܗ ܐܒܝܚܠM 6f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܒܢܚܝܠor ܐܒܚܝܝܠ7a1 : ܐܒܚܝܠܝ or ܐܒܝܚܠܝ14/8a1 ܿ 14/8a1 ܠܗM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ � … ܢܛܪM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; 1 ½ lines are left blank, enough for the lemma 14/8a1 � M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1 ܐ� ܡܕܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] lacking 17e1 ܡܗܝܡܢܐM 17a1 ] ܡܗܝܡܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 � ܫܩM 14/8a1 34 17a1(vid) ] � ܫܩܝ6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ܒܟܠ10f1 14/8a1 ܒܥܝܢܝ ܟܠ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ܥܝܢܝ ܿ ܚܙܝ ̈ ) 10f1 14/8a1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ܚܙܝܝܗ ̈ M 7a1 (ܚܙ ܿܝܗ ܝܗ ̈ 6f1 ܘܥܠܬM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠܬܝ10f1 ܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܠܟܘܬܗ10f1 14/8a1 (seyāme) ܕܥܣܪܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܥܣܝܪܝܐ10f1 : ܥܣܝܪܝܐ14/8a1 ܿ ܘܐܡܠܟܬM 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܠܟܗ 10f1 14/8a1 ܘܫܬܝM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܫܬܝ14/8a1 ܪܘ�ܒܢܘܗܝ ܘܥܒܕ ܡܫܬܝܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܘܪܒܢܐ ܘܥ̈ܒܕܘܗܝ ܡܫܬܝܐ14/8a1 ܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐM 6f1 7a1 ] om seyāme 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1
2:15
2:16 2:17 2:18
34
Perhaps ܫܩܝܐhas been converted to � ܫܩor else ܫܩܐܐ.
xlvii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܡܘܗܒܬܐ ̈ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 14/8a1 M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking; space large enough forܕܡܠܟܐ
the lemma 14/8a1 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1ܡܚܘܝܐ ܗܘܬ ] M 17a1ܡܚܘܝܐ ܿ ܿ ܘܥܡܗ 14/8a1ܘܫܡܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܿ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܗ 6f1 17a1 17e1 :ܘܦܘܩܕܢܗ ] M Lee Urmiaܦܘܩܕܢܗ 7a1 : 10f1 14/8a1ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ 10f1ܘܬܝܪܫ ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܬܪܫ ̈ ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ 10f1 14/8a1ܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 M 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1ܘܒܥܘ 10f1 14/8a1ܗܘܘ ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܠܡܘܫܛܘ 14/8a1 17e1ܐܝܕܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܐܝ̈ܕܝܐ 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܠܡܠܟܐ 14/8a1ܘܐܫܬܡܥܬ 10f1 :ܘܐܬܝܕܥܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܓܠܝܬ ܿ ܘܓܠܗ 10f1ܘܓ� ] M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 14/8a1ܘܐܬܥܝܩܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܥܩܒܬ 14/8a1ܘܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܫܬܟܚܬ ̈ 10f1 14/8a1ܩܝܣܐ ] )̈ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 (s.seyāme ܙܩܝܦܐ 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܘܐܬܟܬܒܘ ] M 7a1 17e1ܘܐܬܟܬܒ M 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܫܪܒܐ ܗܢܐ ̈ ܝܘܡܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ ] M 17e1ܡܠ̈ܟܘܬܐ ̈ ̈ 6f1 7a1 10f1 ܕܝܘܡܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ 14/8a1 17a1 10f1ܒܬܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid)17a1 17e1ܘܒܬܪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܪܝܡܗ ܘܐܪܝܡ ] M 17a1ܘܐܪܝܡ 10f1ܘ� ܣܓܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܣܓܕ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1ܕܒܬܪܥܐ ] M 17a1 17e1ܒܬܪܥܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 17a1ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܟܠܝܘܡ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :ܟܠܝܘܡ ] M Lee Urmiaܒܟܠܝܘܡ 10f1 10f1ܕܢܚܙܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܕܥܘܢ 10f1ܘ� ܣܓܕ ܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܘܐ ܘܣܓܕ ܠܗ 17e1ܐܬܡܠܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܘܐܬܡܠܝ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 17a1ܕܢܘܒܕ 10f1ܕܗܘܝܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܗܘ 10f1ܕܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ ܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܐܪܡܝܘ ] M 17a1ܐܪܡܝ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܥܡܐ ܚܕ ] M Lee Urmiaܥܡܐ 10f1ܘܡܒܙܩ ܒܝܬ ̈ ܥܡܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܒܙܩ
2:20
2:21
2:22 2:23
3:1 3:2 3:3 3:4
3:5 3:6 3:7 3:8
xlviii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
̈ ܢܡܘܣܝܗܘܢ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 : not legible 8a1 ܥܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡܝ10f1 ܕܢܫܒܘܩM Lee Urmia ] ܠܡܫܒܩ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܫܦܝܪM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] pr � 17a1(vid) ܫܩܠM 17a1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܥܙܩܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܙܩܬܗ10f1 ܿ ܘܝܗܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܝܗܒܗ 10f1 ܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܠܟܐ ܠܗܡܢ10f1 ܟܣܦܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܣܦܐ10f1 ܟܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܐܬܩܪܝM Lee Urmia ] ܘܐܬܩܪܝܘ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܣܦܪܐM Lee Urmia ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 1o ܕܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܒܝܘܡܐM 17a1 ] ܒܙܒܢܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܠܪܒM Lee Urmia ] ܠܪܒܝ ܕܒܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܒܒܝܠ17a1 ܡܕܝܢܬܐM Lee Urmia ] pr lāmadh 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܥܙܩܬܗM Urmia ] ܒܥܙܩܬܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܝܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝ10f1 ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐM Lee Urmia ] ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܗ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܠܡܚܪܒ ܘܠܡܩܛܠ ܘܠܡܘܒܕܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܩܛܠ ܘܠܡܚܪܒ ܘܠܡܘܒܕܘ10f1 ܒܝܪܚܐM 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܒܐܝܪܚ6f1 7a1 17e1 ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܐܕܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 (])ܒܝܪܚ ܒܬܠܬܥܣܪܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ10f1 ܒܝܪܚ ܐܕܪ ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐM 7a1 8a1 17a1 (… )ܒܐܝܪܚ17e1 ] ܒܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ ܒܐܝܪܚ ܐܕܪ6f1 35 : ܒܬܠܬܥܣܪܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ10f1 ܒܟܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܟܠ10f1 ̈ ܡܛܝܒܐ M Lee Urmia ] ܡܛܝܒܝܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܗܢܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܘ8a1 ܡܣܪܗܒܝܢM Lee Urmia ] ܟܕ ܡܣܪܗܒܝܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܦܬܓܡܐM 7a1 17a1 17e1 : ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܦܬܓܡܐ6f1: ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ8a1 : ܒܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ10f1
3:9 3:10 3:11 3:12
3:13
3:14 3:15
This is the reading left in 6f1 after the extensive dittographs in the ms, marked for deletion, are ignored. 35
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
xlix
ܐܟܚܕܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܐܬܬܦܝܠM 6f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܬܦܝܠ7a1 8a1 17a1 : ܘܐܬܛܦܝܠ10f1 ܘܠܝܬ … ܕܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1mg 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1txt
4:1 4:2
(homeotel) ܡܛܝM Lee Urmia ] pr dālath 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܦܬܓܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1(vid) ܘܡ�ܩܕܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܡܪܩܘܕܬܐ10f1 ܡܟܟM Lee Urmia ] ܡܟܝܟ6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܡܟܝܟ ܗܘܐ10f1 ̈ ܠܣܓܝܐܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ܘܥܠܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠ10f1 ܿ ܿ ܕܝܠܗ M 17a1 ] ܘܐܡܗܬܗ6f1 7a1 8a1 (seyāme) 10f1 (seyāme) 17e1 (seyāme) ܿ ܿ ܘܚܘܝܘܗ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܚܘܝܗ10f1(vid) ܡܠܟܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܣܩܐ ܡܢܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܠܗܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗܢܬܢ10f1 ܡܗܝܡܢܐM 17a1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܕܬܕܥM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܬܕܥܝ17a1 : ܕܢܕܥ10f1 ܕܡܢܐM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܢܐ7a1 10f1 ܘܥܠM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܘܡܛܠ8a1 17e1 ܗܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܢܬܢ10f1 ̈ ܠܫܘܩܐ M 17a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܩܪܝܬܐ10f1 ܩܕܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ܠܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܓܙܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܙܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ10f1 ܝܗܒܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܗܒ10f1 ܿ ܕܢܚܘܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܚܘܝܗ 10f1 ܠܘܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܕܡ10f1 ܘܬܒܢܐM 7a1 ] ܘܬܒܥܐ6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܘܬܬܟܫܦM Urmia ] ܘܬܬܟܫܦ ܠܗ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 (…)ܘܬܬܟܫܦܝ 17e1 ܗܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܢܬܢ10f1 ܠܗܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗܢܬܢ10f1
4:3
4:4
4:5 36
4:6
4:7 4:8
4:9 4:10 36
In Esther 4:6 10f1 also has the same spelling for this name.
l
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
4:11
ܐܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܘ ܟܠ10f1 ܠܗM 6h1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܡܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܿܡܢ ܡܢ6f1 17a1 ܐܚܪܢܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 ] ܐܚܪܢܝܐ8a1 17a1 17e1 ܐܒܕܐ ܐܢܬܝM 6f1 7a1( )ܐܒܕܐ ܐܢܬ8a1 17a1( )ܐܒܕ ܐܢܬܝ17e1 ] ܐܒܕܬܝ10f1 ܙܒܢܐM 17a1 ] ܗܘ ܙܒܢܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܐܬܩܪܝܬܝ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬܝM 6f1 8a1 37 10f1 17a1 ] ܐܬܩܪܝܬ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬ7a1 : ܐܬܩܪܝܬܝ ܘܐܬܩܪܒܬ17e1 ܐܡܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܡܪܘ10f1 ܕܐܝܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܫܬܟܚܝܢ10f1 ܘܐܦ ܐܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܢܐ10f1 ܗܝܕܝܢM Lee Urmia ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܢܡܘܣM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܒܢܡܘܣܝ7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܐܢM Lee Urmia ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܘܒܝܘܡܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܠܒܫܬ ܐܣܬܝܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1]
4:13 4:14
4:15 4:16
5:1
om by homoeotel 17e1 1o ܠܘܩܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ܒܟܘܪܣܝܐM Lee Urmia ] ܥܠ ܟܘܪܣܝܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܘܟܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om waw 10f1 ܿ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ܚܙܐM 10f1 ] ܚܙܗ 1o ܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܝܢ ܡܠܟܐ10f1 ܘܫܩܠܬM Lee Urmia ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܩܕܡܘܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܥܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ10f1 ܠܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1 ܿ ܠܦܠܓܗ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܦܠܓܐ10f1 ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝM Lee Urmia ] ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܐܣܬܝܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ10f1 ܚܙܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܪܘ10f1 ܢܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] ܘܢܥܒܕ17e1 2o ܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܡܠܟܐ17a1 ܠܡܫܬܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ10f1 ܡܢܐM (no support) ] ܡܢܐ ܗܝ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1
5:2
5:3 5:4 5:5
5:6 38
37 38
The second final yūdh may have been added. Mislabeled 5:5 in Mosul.
li
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܘܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܒܥܘܬܟܝ ܥܕܡܐ M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] +ܠܟܝ 1o ܿ )6f1* (dittography ܠܦܠܓܗ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܬܬܝܗܒ ܠܟܝ 10f1ܠܦܠܓܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܦܠܓܗܿ 10f1 17a1ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ 10f1ܢܬܝܗܒ 17a1 :ܬܬܝܗܒܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܬܬܝܗܒ 2o 8a1 17e1ܥܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܥܠܝܟ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1ܡܚܪ 7a1ܚܙܝ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܚܙܝܗܝ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܗܡܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܐܝܬܝ ] M Lee Urmiaܐܝܬܝܘ 7a1ܘܐܘܪܒܗ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܐܘܪܒܗ 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܪܝܡܗ ] M 6f1 17a1ܘܐܩܝܡܗ M Lee Urmia ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܟܠ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1ܠܡܫܬܝܐ ܥܡ ] M 8a1 17a1ܥܡ 2o 10f1ܫܥܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܫܥܬܐ 6f1ܕܡܠܟܐ � ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ ] M Lee Urmiaܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ� ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ 7a1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ 8a1 17e1 :ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘ� ܙܐܥ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝ 17a1 : 10f1ܕܡܠܟܐ )(dittography 17e1ܘ� ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܕ� 10f1ܘܢܬܠܘܢܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܬܠܘܢܝܗܝ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1ܠܡܫܬܝܐ /ܥܡ ܡܠܟܐ 17a1ܘܥܒܕܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܥܒܕ 10f1ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܣܦܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܣܦܪ ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 ܥܘܗܕܢܐ M 17a1ܩܪܝܢ ܩ�ܝ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܩܪܝܢ 10f1ܒܓܢܬܢ 6f1 :ܡܠܟܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܓܬܢ 10f1ܘܬܝܪܝܫ 6f1 :ܘܬܪܝܫ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܬܪܫ ̈ 6f1 ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܗܝܡܢ̈ܐ 10f1ܡܢ ܢܛ�ܝ 17a1 :ܕܢܛ�ܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܢܛ�ܝ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1ܬܪܥܐ 10f1ܗܘܘ ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܘܫܛܘܢ 10f1ܐܬܥܒܕ ܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܬܥܒܕ 17a1ܕܪܒܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10d1 17e1ܘܪܒܘܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] transpose 17a1ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝ /ܥܠ ܗܕܐ 10f1ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܡܪܝܢ ̈ ̈ ܥܒܕܘܗܝ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܥܠܝܡܘܗܝ ] M 17a1 M (no support) ] � 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕ�
5:8 5:9 5:10 5:11 5:12 5:13
5:14 6:1 6:2
6:3
lii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
6:4
� ܕܢܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܕܢܬܬ10f1 ܠܡܘܪܕܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܘܪܕܟܝ10f1 ܕܐܬܩܢM Lee Urmia ] ܕܬܩܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 (7a1 6:5) ܘܐܡܪܝܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܡܪܝܢ7a1 (7a1 6:6) ܘ� ܠܡܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܬܥܒܕ10f1 ܕܝܠܝM Lee Urmia ] ܕܠܝ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܠܓܒܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܒܪܐ10f1 ܒܐܝܩܪܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܗ10f1 ̈ ܠܒܘܫܐ M 6f1 17a1 ] om seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܕܠܒܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܠܒܝܫ10f1 ܘܣܘܣܝܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܣܘܣܝܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ6f1 ܕܪܟܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܪܟܝܒ10f1 ܐܢܬ ܬܣܝܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܬܬܣܝܡ10f1 ܘܢܠܒܫܝܘܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܠܒܫܘܢܝܗܝ10f1 ܘܢܪܟܒܘܢܗM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܪܟܒܘܢܝܗܝ6f1 10f1 ܘܢܚܕܪܘܢܗM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܚܕܪܘܢܝܗܝ6f1 10f1 ̈ ̈ ̈ ܒܫܘܩܐ M 17a1 ] ܒܫܘܩܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ܒܫܘܩܐ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ
6:6 39 6:5 6:7 6:8
6:9
10f1
ܗܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܗܟܢܐ10f1 ܕܡܠܟܐ ܨܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܨܒܐ ܡܠܟܐ17a1 ̈ ܠܒܘܫܐ M 7a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܘܕܒܪM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܣܒ7a1 ܘܐܟܪܟܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܚܕܪܗ10f1 ̈ ܒܫܘܩܐ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܩܪܝܬܐ10f1 ܕܡܠܟܐM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܕܒܝܬܗ8a1 17e1 ܕܓܕܫ ܠܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܓܕܫܗ10f1 � ܕM 6f1 17a1 ] � 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܡܨܐ ܐܢܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܬܡܨܝܬ10f1 ܢܦܠ ܐܢܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܦܠܬ10f1 ܘܥܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܟܕ17a1 ܡܛܝܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 �ܗܛܐM 17a1 ] ܡܗܝܡܢܐ
6:11
6:12 6:13
6:14
In M 6f1 7a1 (despite how the verses are labelled) 8a1 10f1 the Syriac translation of Esther 6:6 precedes that of 6:5. 39
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
liii
ܐܣܬܝܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ10f1 ܘܥܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠܘ17a1 ܡܠܟܐ ܘܗܡܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܡܢ ܘܡܠܟܐ6f1 ܕܥܒܕܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡ10f1 ܗܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܫܐܠܬܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܫܐܠܬܟܝ ܡܠܟܬܐ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܕܢܬܠ ܠܟܝ10f1 ܘܒܥܘܬܟܝM 17a1 ] ܘܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܒܥܘܬܟܝ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܕܡܠܟܘܬܝM 17a1 ] ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܢܬܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܬܝܗܒ8a1 ܐܣܬܝܪM 6f1 17a1 ] ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܠܩܛ� ܘܠܚܪܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܩܛ10f1 ܕܢܗܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܢ ܕܢܗܪ10f1 ܐܚܫܝܪܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܕܢܥܒܕM Lee Urmia ] ܠܡܥܒܕ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܚܡܬܗM 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] ܒܚܡܬܐ8a1 10f1 17e1 ܡܢ ܡܠܟܐM Lee Urmia ] ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܓܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܘܢܐM Lee Urmia ] ܓܢܬ ܒܝܬܘܢܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1
7:1 7:2
7:3 40 7:4 7:5 7:7 7:8
17e1
ܕܚܡܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܘܐܣܬܝܪM 17a1 ] ܕܐܣܬܝܪ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܝܬܒܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܬܝܒܐ7a1 ܘܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦ10f1 ܠܡܠܟܬܐ ܥܡܝM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1 ܢܦܩܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܦܩܬܝ10f1 ̈ ܡܗܝܡܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ M 17a1 ] ܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 � ܠܡܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܥܠܘܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܩܐܡM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܕܩܐܡ7a1 ܠܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܒܝܘܡܐM 17a1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܝܗܒM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܝܗܒ17a1 : not legible 8a1 ܥܙܩܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܙܩܬܗ10f1 ܿ ܘܐܩܝܡܬܗM 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܩܝܡܬܗ 6f1*
7:9
7:10 8:1 8:2 40
17a1 appears to have ( ܐܢܫܟܚܬvid) for ܐܫܟܚܬ, surely by error.
liv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
8:3
10f1ܘܒܟܝܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܥܝܐ *ܿ 6f1 ܠܗ ] M 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܗ 10f1ܒܝܫܬܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܝܫܬܐ 10f1ܘܡܚܫܒܬܗ 6f1 :ܘܗܝ ܡܚܫܒܬܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ ̈ ܒܥܝܢܘܗܝ ] M 17a1ܘܫܦܪ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ /ܘܐܢ ܐܫܟܚܬ �ܚܡܐ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܘܐܢ by err) :ܦܬܓܡܐ transpose 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 (om 10f1ܐܫܟܚܬ �ܚܡܐ ܒܥܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ ܘܫܦܝܪ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܠܟܐ 10f1 17a1ܢܗܦܟ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܢܗܦܟ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1ܐܓ�ܬܐ ̈ ̈ ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ ܕܡܚܫܒܬܐ 10f1 :ܕܡܚܫܒܬܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 17a1 17a1ܕܗܦܟ ܕܟܬܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܟܬܒ 10f1 by errܠܟܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܟܠܗܘܢ 17a1ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :ܕܒܟܠ ] M Lee Urmiaܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܿ ܡܕܝܢܬܗ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ 7a1 10f1ܡܫܟܚܢܐ ܠܡܚܙܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܨܝܐ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܚܙܐ 10f1ܠܡܚܙܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܐܚܙܐ 10f1ܟܬܘܒܘ ܘܚܬܘܡܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܚܬܘܡܘ 10f1ܒܥܙܩܬܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܥܙܩܬܐ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (lackingܕܡܠܟܐ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܕܡܬܟܬܒ ܒܫܡ ܡܠܟܐ 6f141ܘܒܛܒܥܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] ) 17a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܐ 6f1ܕܡܬܚܬܡ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܬܚܬܡ 10f1 17e1 : not legible 8a1ܒܥܙܩܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 17a1ܒܥܙܩܬܗ ) 10f1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ�( 6f1 7a1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕ� ] M 8a1 17e1ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘ�
8:5
8:6 8:8
56F
17a1
8a1 10f1 42 17a11
8:9
M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܕܡܠܟܐ 17eܒܝܘܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1ܒܙܒܢܐ 10f1ܩܕܡܝܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܠܝܬܝܐ M 6f1 7a1ܕܗܘ ܚܙܝܪܢ ܒܬܠܬܐ ܥܣ�ܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܝܪܚܐ
*17e1 ] lacking 17a1 10f1 17e1cܢܝܣܢ ] * M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a11 17e1ܚܙܝܪܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܬܟܬܒ ] M 17a1ܘܟܬܒܘ 10f1ܘܠܡ�ܘܬܐ ܘܠܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܡ�ܘܬܐ 6f1 10f1ܕܡܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܢ 57F
The initial dālath is in the margin. For 10f1 see the next entry.
41 42
lv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
) 8a1c.mg(vidܗܘܙ 7a1 :ܝܗܘܕ ] ) 17a1ܗܘܪ M 6f1 8a1*(vid) 10f1 (elseܗܘܕ 17e1
10f1ܠܡܫܝܢܬܐ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr lāmadh 6f1 :ܡܕܝܢܬܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܟܬܒ ] M Lee Urmiaܘܐܬܟܬܒܘ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] transpose 17a1ܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܚܬܡ ] M Lee Urmiaܘܐܬܚܬܡܘ 6f1ܘܫܕܪܘ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܫܕܪ ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܐܣܦܘܟܐ � 6f1ܒܝ ] � M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (pr waw) 17a1 17e1ܟܒܝ ) 10f1 (incܘܒܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܒܟܠ 10f1ܡܕܝܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ 10f1ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ 10f1ܠܡܚܪܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܡܚܪܒ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1] om 17e1ܐܢܫ 10f1ܒܝܘܡܐ ܚܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܚܕ ܝܘܡ ܕܒܟܠܗܘܢ 10f1 :ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1mg 17e1ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ 17a1txt
10f1ܘܦܪܫܓܢܐ ] ) 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܦܘܪܫܓܢܗ( M 6f1 7a1ܘܦܪܫܓܢܗ 10f1ܕܟܬܝܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܟܬܒܐ 10f1ܘܐܙܠ 7a1 8a1 17e1 :ܘܐܙܠܘ ] M 6f1 17a1ܘܐܬܘ 10f1ܘ�ܟܒܝ ] � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܟܒܝ 10f1ܘܢܦܩ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܦܩܘ 10f1ܘܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ 10f1ܒܘܨܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܒܘܨܐ 10f1ܘܐܪܓܘܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ 10f1ܘܩܪܝܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܚܕܝܬ ] M 17a1ܘܚܕܬ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܝܩܪܐ ܘܕܝܨܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10d1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ 10f1ܘܐܬܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܬܪ ̈ 10f1 ܘܣܓܝܐܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܣܘܓܐܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܡܬܢܗܬܝܢ ] M 17a1ܡܬܬܘܗܝܢ 10f1ܒܗ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܟܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܟܕ 8a1 17e1ܕܦܬܓܡܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܕܦܬܓܡܐ ̈ ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܗܘܢ ܠܡܬܥܒܕܘ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܣܒܪܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ 10f1ܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܗܘܢ ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] by err om seyāme 7a1 ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
8:10
8:11
8:12 8:13 8:14
8:15
8:16 8:17
9:1
9:2
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
7a1ܒܩܘ�ܝܝܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܒܩܘ�ܝܗܘܢ M 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܒܟܠܗܝܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗ ] M 10f1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ 6f1ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1ܥܠ ] ) M 6f1 7a1 8a1 (seyāme not visible) 17a1 17e1 (om seyāmeܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ
lacking 10f1 ܘܡ�ܘܬܗܘܢ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1c ] originallyܘܡ�ܘܬܐ 17e1 ̈ ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ 17a1 : not legible 8a1ܠܝܘܕܝܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ̈ 17a1 ܕܝܘܕܝܐ ܘܕܚܠܬܐ 10f1 : +ܕܚܠܬܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܕܚܠܬܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܒܝܬ ܡܠܟܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܠܘܬ ܡܠܟܐ ̈ ̈ ܡ�ܟܘܬܐ 10f1ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 17a1ܓܒܪܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܓܒܪܐ 17a1ܘܥܒܕ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܥܒܕܘ M Lee Urmia ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܒܫܘܫܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܘܒܕܘ ܚܡܫܡܐܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܚܡܫܡܐܐ M 17a1ܘܠܫܦܝܪܘܬ 10f1ܘܠܦܪܫܝܪܬ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܠܦܫܝܪܘܬ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :ܘܠܕܝܠܟܘܢ ] M Lee Urmiaܘܠܕܠܟܘܢ 10f1ܘܠܕܝܟܘܢ M Leeܘܠܦܪܛܠܛ 10f1 :ܘܠܦܘܪܛ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܦܪܠܛ Urmia M 17a1ܘܠܕܝܪܐ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 10f1 17e1ܘܠܕܝܪܬ ) :ܘܠܦܣܘܬ( M 17a1ܘܠܦܝܣܘܬ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘ�ܦܪܣܡܘܬ 10f1ܘܠܦܪܫܡܫܬ 10f1ܘܠܕܣܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܕܝܣܝ 10f1ܘ�ܪܕܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘ�ܕܪܝ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܗܡܢ ܒܪ ܗܡܕܬ ] M 17a1ܕܗܡܢ 10f1ܘܒܒܙܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1ܘܠܒܙܬܐ )ܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ( 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1ܒܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ ] M Lee Urmiaܒܗܘ ܝܘܡܐ 17a1 17e1 10f1ܘܥܠܘ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :ܘܥܠ ] M Lee Urmiaܥܠ 10f1ܕܫܘܫܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :ܕܒܫܘܫܢ ] M Lee Urmiaܒܫܘܫܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪ ܡܠܟܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܘܐܡܪ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܥܣ�ܐ ] M Lee Urmiaܘܠܥܣܪ 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17e1ܒܫܪܟܐ ] M 6f1 17a1ܘܒܫܪܟܐ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1ܕܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ M 10f1 17a1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܡܢܐ 1o
lvi
9:3
9:4 9:5 9:6 9:7 9:8 9:9
9:10 9:11
9:12
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
lvii
6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܢܬܝܗܒ ] M Lee Urmiaܢܬܥܒܕ )ܬܘܒ ܢܬܥܒܕ ܠܟܝ( 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1ܢܬܥܒܕ ] M Lee Urmiaܢܬܝܗܒ
17a1 17e1 10f1ܐܦ ܡܚܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܚܪ ̈ ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܒܫܘܫܢ M (no support) ] add 10f1ܢܥܒܕܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܥܒܕܘܢ * M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1ܐܢܘܢ M 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܩܝܣܐ 10f1ܢܥܒܪܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܥܒܕܘܢ M Lee Urmia ] lacking 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܥܠ ܩܝܣܐ 6f1ܕܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܒܫܘܫܢ 10f1ܒܐܕܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܝܪܚܐ 10f1ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܢܦܫܗܘܢ 8a1 17e1ܒܝܪܚ 7a1 :ܒܐܝܪܚ ] M 6f1 10f1 17a1ܒܝܪܚܐ 1o 10f1ܕܗܘ ܐܕܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܕܪ ܘܝܬܒܝ ] ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ܝܬܒܝ 10f1 ̈ ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܡܕܝܢܬܗ ] M 17a1ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ) 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܩܪܒܝܢ( 6f1 7a1ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ] M 17a1ܕܩܪܝܒܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܕܪܚܝܩܝܢ ] M 17a1ܘܕ�ܚܝܩܢ 10f1ܒܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܟܠ 10f1ܠܗܘܢ ܡܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܢ 10f1ܝܘܡܐ ] ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ܠܝܘܡܬܐ 10f1ܘܢܫܕܪܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܢܫܕܪܘܢ ) 7a1(vidܕܫܪܒ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܫܪܝܘ 6f1 8a143 : uncertainܠܡܥܒܪ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܡܥܒܕ 7a1 10f1ܡܛܠ ܕܗܡܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܛܠ ܗܡܢ 10f1ܐܬܚܫܒ ] ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܕܐܬܚܫܒ 6f1ܟܠܗܘܢ ܕܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ ] M 17a1ܐܢܘܢ 2o M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܗܘܐ ܢܬܗܦܟܢ ̈ 6f1* : ̈ 10f1 ܢܗܦܟܢ ܕܝܢ ] M 6f11 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܗܦܟܢ ܡܚܫܒܬܗ ] ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ 10f1 ܡܚܫܒܬܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܡܢ ܕܐܬܚܫܒ ] M Lee Urmiaܕܡܢ ܐܬܚܫܒ
9:13
9:14 9:15 9:16 9:17 9:19 9:20 9:21 9:22 9:23
58F
6f1 and 8a1 have the markings for both dālath and rīsh.
9:24
9:25
43
lviii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10f1ܕܢܬܠܘܢܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܬܠܘܢܝܗܝ M 6f1 ] seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܩܝܣܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܩܪܘ ] M Lee Urmiaܩܪܐ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܗܠܝܢ ] M 10f1 17a1ܗܢܘܢ 17a1ܥܡ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܥܠ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking (homeotel) 17a1ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܚܙܘ 10f1 : for 17a1 seeܥܠ ܡܕܡ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ 1o
9:26
previous entry 10f1ܘܡܕܡ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܠ ܡܕܡ 2o 10f1ܕܟܬܝܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܟܬܝܒܝܢ 6f1ܒܟܘܠܗܝܢ ] M 7a1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܟܠ ܝܘܡܬܐ ] ̈ M 17a1 17e1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ܘܝܘܡܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1ܘܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐ ܘܩܘ�ܝܐ ܘ� ܢܥܒܪ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a144 17e1ܘܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ � ܢܥܒܪ ܡܢ ܙܪܥܗܘܢ 6f1ܗܢܐ ܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܙܪܥܗܘܢ 6f1ܗܠܝܢ ܟܘܠܗܝܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܟܠܗܝܢ 10f1ܕܢܫܕܪܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 x17a1 17e1ܕܢܫܪܘܢ M 6f1 7a1 x17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1ܐܓܪܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܕܦܘ�ܝܐ 6f1 7a1 17a1(vid) : lackingܘܫܕܪ ܐܓ�ܬܐ ] M 8a1 17e1ܘܫܕܪܘ ܐܓ�ܬܐ 10f1 6f1ܕܐܝܬ ܒܡܐܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܡܐܐ ̈ 6f1ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ] M 7a1 (om seyāme) 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܕܝ̈ܢܢ 10f1ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 :ܕܒܡܠܟܘܬܗ ] M 7a1ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ 6f1ܟܠܢܫ ̈ܝܘܡܬܐ ] ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܝܘܡܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 8a1 17e1ܕܦܘ�ܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ 10f1ܕܐܫܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܐܫܪܘ 6f1ܬܘܒ 6f1 10f1 : +ܘܐܝܟ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܝܟ 2o 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܐܫܪܘ ] M 6f1 17a1ܕܐܫܪܘܢ 6f1ܘܓܙܪܘ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] +ܗܢܘܢ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ ] M 17a1ܥܠܝܗܘܢ 6f1ܗܢܐ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 (seyāme) 17a1 17e1ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ̈ 10f1 ܘܨܘܡܐ ܘܨ̈ܠܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܨܘܡܗܘܢ ܘܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ ܘܡܐܡ�ܝܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܐܡܪܗܿ ܿ 10f1 .ܘܕܘܟܪܢܗܘܢ 17a1 may well have omitted the initial conjunction on
9:27 9:28
9:29
9:30
9:31
9:32 44
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
lix
ܐܫܪM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܫܪܘ6f1 ܗܠܝܢ ܕܦܘ�ܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 (no seyāme) 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܘܐܬܟܬܒM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܬܟܬܒ7a1 : ܐܬܟܬܒ10f1 ܒܣܦܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܘܟܠM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠ6f1(vid) 10f1 ܘܬܫܒܚܬM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ܕܐܘܪܒܗM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ܘܕܐܘܪܒܗ6f1 ܒܣܦܪM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܣܦܪ7a1 ܛܒܬܐ ܠܥܡܗM Lee Urmia ] ܛܒܬܐ ܥܠ ܥܡܗ6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ̈ ܕܢܣܓܘܢ10f1 : ܛܒܬܐ ܥܠ ܠܥܡܗ ܐܚܘܗܝ ܘܨܒܐ ܥܠ ܥܡܗ ܛܒܬܐ
10:1 10:2
10:3
17a1(vid) ܫܠܡܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 7a1 17a1 Subscription ܫܠܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 : ܕܐܣܬܝܪ10f1 : ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ ܡܠܟܬܐ subscription after 10:3 M)
ܿ ܢܨܚ ̈ ܫܠܡ ܠܡܟܬܒ ܢܝܗ [ ]ܫܠܡ17a1 45 (No 60F
Judith 6f1 (missing 15:9–16:5) 46 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 Judith not extant in Lee and Urmia ܬܪܬܥܣ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܬܠܬܥܣ�ܐ17a1 1:1 1o ܕܐܡܠܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܠܟ17a1 ܒܩܦ�ܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܦܢܦ�ܢ17a1 1:2 ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕ� ܠܩܦ�ܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1mg ()ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕ� ܒܩܦ�ܢ 17a1 ( ) … ܒܦܢܦ�ܢ17e1 ] lacking 10f1txt (homeotel) ܿ ܘܐܚܕܪܗ M (no support) ] ܘܐܚܕܪܗ6f1(vid) 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܿ ܦܬܝܗM 6f1 ( )ܦܬܝܗ7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܦܬܝܐ10f1 ܿ ܘܐܘܪܟܗ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܘܪܟܗ6f1 ̈ 1:3 � ܘܒܢܐ ܡܓܕM 6f1 (om seyāme) 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] � ܘܡܓܕ10f1 17a1 (om waw) ܕܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1 1:4 ܠܡܦܩܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܦܩܢܐ10f1 1:5 ܗܢܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܠܝܢ10f1 ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܠܟܐM 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 45 46
The first word of the subscription in 17a1 is obliterated. The List, 20, claims instead that Judith 15:8–16:2 is missing.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10f1* : not legible 8a1ܐܦܟܫܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f11 17a1 17e1ܐܪܦܟܫܪ � 10f1ܘܪܥܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܩܘܒܠܗ 10f1ܥܡܘ�ܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܡ�ܝ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1ܛܘ�ܐ 7a1ܥܡ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܥܠ 1o ܿ ܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܡܘ�ܐ 10f1 17a1ܘܠܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܥܠ ܟܠ 1o 10f1ܕܒܥܒܪܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܕܒܥܒܪܐ 10f1ܘܠܕܒܒܛܢܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܕܒܛܢܢ 10f1ܘܠܕܟܠܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܟܠܘܢ 17a1ܘܩܕܫ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܕܩܕܫ 7a1ܘܠܕܪܥܡܣܝܣ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܪܥܡܣܝܣ ܿ ܘܠܟܠܗ 17a1ܘܠܟܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 17a1ܠܨܥܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܠܨܥܢ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܦܬܓܡܐ 17a1 : lacking 17e1ܡܛܠܗܕܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1ܗܕܐ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܕܢܬܒܥ ] M 8a1 17e1ܕܢܬܬܒܥ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܕܩܝܠܝܩܝܐ 10f1ܠܡܩܛܠܘ ] M 6f1 8a1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܡܩܛܠܘ ̈ ܚܟܝܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܥܡܘ�ܐ 17a1 7a1ܥܡܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܥܡܘܢ 10f1ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܟܠ ܿ ܠܟܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܠܟܠܗ 17a1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 10f1ܡܕܝܢܬܗ 10f1ܘܡܛܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܛܝ ̈ ̈ 10f1 ܠܫܛܚܝܗܘܢ ܠܫܠܝܛܢܝܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 17a1ܥܒܕܘ 6f1 :ܥܒܕܗ M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1 :ܥܒܕܗܿ 10f1ܕܓܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1ܪܓܘ ܿ ܒܪܘܡܗ ] M 6f1(vid) 7a1 8a1(vid)17a1ܒܪܘܡܗ 10f1 10f1ܘܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܚܝܠܗ 10f1ܣܓܝܐܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܣܘܓܐܐ 17a1ܘܗܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܗܘ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܠܡܬܬܒܥܘ ] M 17a1ܠܡܬܒܥ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1ܐܦ 6f1 7a1 (possibly seyāme) 8a1 10f1 17e1ܐܢܫܐ ] ̈ M 17a1 ܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ ܫܠܡܘ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :ܫܠܡ ܪܥܝܢܗܘܢ ] M 17a1ܫܠܡܘ �ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ 10f1ܗܘܘ �ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ
lx 1:6 1:7 1:9
1:11 1:12
1:13 1:14
1:15 1:16 2:1 2:3 2:4
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 2:5 2:6 2:7
lxi
(7a1 2:6) ܥܡ �ܟܒܝܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܕ�ܟܒܝܗܘܢ17a1 ܘܣܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܣܩܘ17a1 : ܘܬܦܘܩ10f1 ܒܙܬܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܒܙܬܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 : � ܘܠܚܝ17a1 ��ܠܚ ܘܢܗܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � ܘܢܚ17a1 ܕܓܪܦM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܢܓܪܘܦ10f1 : ܢܓܪܦ17a1 : ܢܓܕܦ7a1 ̈ ̈ 2o ܩܛܝ�ܝܗܘܢ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܛܝ�ܝܗܘܢ 10f1 � ܢܬܡM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 7a1 10f1 ܘܐܒܕܪM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܕܒܪ7a1 ܘܐܢM 6f1 47 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܢ ܗܘ ܕܝܢ10f1 ܢܫܠܡܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܫܠܡܘܢ10f1 ܠܝܘܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ10f1 ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1txt 17a1 17e1 ] ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ̈ ܡܢ ܟܠ10f1mg ܦܘܩܕܢܐ � ܬܫܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܬܫܬܡ10f1 ܐܝܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܝܟ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܚܝܠܗ17a1 ��ܚ � ܕܚܝM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 : ܕܡܠܟܐ17a1 ܠܓܒ�ܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܒ�ܐ7a1 ̈ ܫܕܝܝ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܕܝܢ10f1 ̈ ܒܩܫܬܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܩܫܬܐ17a1 ܠܗܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ܘܕܒܪM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܕܒܪܘ6f1 10f1 ܬܘܪܣܝܗܘܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܪܣܝܗܘܢ7a1 ܘܥܢ̈ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1c(vid) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܟܘܠܬܗܘܢ 8a1* ܘܟܣܦܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܐܦ ܟܣܦܐ10f1 : ܘܣܐܡܐ17a1 ̈ 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦܐ ܐܦܝ ܿܗ ̈ ܘܒ�ܓܠܝܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāmes 7a1(vid) ܓܒܝܐ ܣܓܝܐܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܣܘܓܐܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 � ܙܚM 8a1 17e1 ] � ܚ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܢܦܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܢܦܩܘ17a1 ܬܠܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܠܬܝܢ10f1
2:8
2:9 2:10 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:17
2:18 2:19 2:20 2:21
47
In 6f1 at the end of one page and start of the next.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking (homeotel) 10f1 M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1ܛܘܪܐ ) ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܐܓܥܐ M 10f1 (errܕܐܓܢܐ 17a1ܘܫܩܠܘ 6f1 :ܘܐܫܩܠ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܫܩܠ 17a1ܘܫܒܘܗܝ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܫܒܘ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ 10f1ܕܒܡܕܒܪܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ ܿ ܿ ܘܠܟܠܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܟܠܘܢ 17a1ܘܟܠܗ 10f1 : 6f1ܘܥܒܪܘ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܒܪ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܕܡܢ ܬܝܡܢܐ 10f1ܥܕܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܕܡܐ * 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܚܕܘ ] M 8a1 10f1 17e1cܘܐܚܕ ܿ ܠܩܘܒܠܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܩܘܒܠܗ 6f1 10f1ܥܕܡܐ ܠܬܚܘܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܬܚܘܡܐ 10f1ܥܪܒܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܪܒ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܘܐܬܟܪܟܘ ] M 8a1 17e1ܘܐܬܟܪܟ 17a1ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܫܒܘ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܚܬܘ ] ) M (no supportܘܢܚܬ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܚܩܠܬܗܘܢ 10f1ܘܪܕܘ ܠܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܪܘ ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܦܩܥܬܗܘܢ M 6f1 8a1(vid) 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1ܘܡ�ܒܥܐ 8a1 17e1ܒܨܘܪ M 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] seyāme 6f1 :ܘܒܨܘܪ 10f1ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܣܘܪܝ 10f1 :ܚܢܢ 6f1 7a1c(vid) 17e1 :ܐܡܪܝܢ ܚܢܢ ] ) M 7a1*(vidܐܡܪܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ 17a1 : not legible 8a1ܐܡܪܝܢܢ 10f1 17a1ܩܝܡܝܢܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܩܝܡܝܢ ܚܢܢ ܚܩܠܬܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 17e1ܘܟܠ ̈ ܘܚܩܠܬܢ 6f1 17a1 :ܘܥܠ ̈ ̈ ܚܩܠܬܢ 10f1 10f1ܕܥܒܕܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܥܒܘܪܢ 10f1ܡܪܒܥܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܥܡܪܐ *̈ 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܥܝܢܝܟ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1cܠܟ 10f1ܘܐܡܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܡܪܘ ̈ ܦܬܓܡܐ ] ̈ M 8a1 17e1ܡ� 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17a1ܘܢܚܬܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܢܚܬ M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܡܕܝܢܬܐ 17a1ܘܕܒܪܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܕܒܪ
lxii
ܘܫܪܘ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܒܝܬ ܩܛܝܠܬ
2:22 2:23 2:24 2:25
2:26 2:27
2:28 3:2 3:3
3:5 3:6
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
lxiii
ܥܕܪܐM 8a1 10f1(vid) 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 17a1 ܘܒܦܠܓܐM (no support) ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 (om bēth) 17a1
3:7
17e1
3:8
ܘܥܩܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܥܩܪܘ17a1 ܘܟܠܗܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܟܠ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ ܦܣܩM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܦܣܩܘ7a1 17a1 ܗܘܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܘܐ ܠܗ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܝܗ ̈ 10f1 �ܗܐ ܘܢܩܪܘܢܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܩܪܘܢܝܗܝ10f1 �ܗM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ6f1 17a1 : �ܗܝ10f1 ܕܘܬܢM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܬܢ7a1 : ܪܘܬܝܢ10f1 ܕܝܗܘܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܝܗܘܕܐ10f1 � ܚܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܝܠܗ10f1 ܒܥ̈ܡܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܢܣܒM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܣܒܘ7a1 10f1 ܘܝܗܒM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܝܗܒܘ7a1 ܐܬܟܢܫM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܟܢܫܘ7a1 ܘܠܟܟܪM 6f148 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܠܟܘܒܪ10f1(vid) ܘ�ܘܠܘܢ̈ܐM 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܕܓܠܝܡM 6f11 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] 49 ܓܠܝܡ6f1*: ܕܥܝܠܡ10f1 ܐܢܘܢM 8a1 17e1 ] ܐܢ̈ܝܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 : ܐܢܫ17a1 ܕܗܟܝܠM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܟܝܠ7a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr dālath 10f1 ܒܝܘܡܬܐ ܗܢܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܠܝܢ10f1 ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܒܐܪܫܠܡ10f1 ܠܥܡܘ�ܐ ܕܒܝܬM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܒܝܬ6f1 ܕܘܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܪܘܬܝܢ10f1 ܐܚܘܕܘM 6f1 8a1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܐܚܘܕ17a1 ܕܛܘܪܐM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 ܡܥܠܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܥܢܐ17a1 ܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 10f1
3:9 4:1
4:3 4:4 4:5 4:6
4:7
A proper name; it looks like the second kāph (or first rīsh) has been converted to a rīsh or bēth. There certainly are the markings for two rīsh. 49 The ܓin 6f1 looks very much like an ;ܥperhaps it is an ܥcorrected to ܓ. 48
lxiv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
4:8 4:9 4:11 4:12
4:13 4:14 50 4:15 5:1 5:3
5:4 5:5 5:6 5:7 5:8
̈ M (no support) ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܣܒܐ ܘܟܠܗM 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܟܠܗ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ܢܦܫܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܦܫܬܗܘܢ ܥܡܘܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1(vid) ܓܒܪܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ܡܪܝܐM 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܝܠܘܕܝ̈ܗܘܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܠܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ7a1 ܘܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ܘܩܘܕܫܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܩܘܕܫܝܗܘܢ ܘܠܚܣܕܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܘܠܚܣܕܐ ܘܠܚܒ6f1 ̈ ̈ ܠܥܡܡܐ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܥܡܡܐ6f1 10f1 ̈ ܐܘܠܨܢܝܗܘܢ M 6f1 8a1 7a1 17e1 ] ܐܘܠܨܢܗܘܢ10f1 17a1 ܘܡܩܪܒܝܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܩܪܒܝܢ6f1 ܪܡܐM 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܪܡܐ6f1 7a1 : + ܗܘܐ10f1 ܟܠܘܝ̈ܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܠܗܘܢ10f1 ܠܛܒM 6f1 8a1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܛܒ17a1 ܕܛܘ�ܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܘܐܥܫܢܘM 8a1c (inconclusive) 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܥܫܢܘ6f1 7a1 8a1* 17a1 ܒܛܘܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ̈ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ10f1 ܚܝܠܗܘܢ ܘܒܡܢܘ ܚܝܠܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 ( … )… ܘܡܢܐ8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܝܠܗܘܢ10f1 (homeotel) ܒܡܥ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܡܥܪܒܐ10f1 ܥܡܘܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡܗܘܢ7a1 � ܘM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � 6f1 17a1 ܘܡܛܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܡܛܠ17e1 ܘܝܬܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܝܬܒܘ17a1 ܕܗܘܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܘܘ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 �ܗܐ ܘܣܓܕܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܗܘܘ ܡܝܩܪܝܢ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܘܣܓܕܘ 17a1 51
5:9
ܝܪܬܘܬܗܘܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 17a1 6F
A late hand, perhaps that of 14/8a1, has put ܐܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢinto the margin, perhaps as an alternative to ܥܠ ܟܠܘܝ̈ܗܘܢ. 51 The added phrase in 17a1 is mechanically copied from the previous verse. 50
lxv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10f1ܘܠܡܐܙܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܡܐܙܠ 10f1ܘܒܣܐܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܟܣܦܐ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܘܒܒܥܝܪܐ 10f1ܘܢܚܬܘ ܗܘܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܢܚܬܘ 6f1ܘܡܢܝܢ ܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܡܢܝܢ 10f1ܗܘܘ ܡܨ�ܝܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܨ�ܝܐ 10f1ܘܐܥܒܕܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܥܒܕܘ ̈ ܒܚܘܘܬܐ ] ̈ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ܡܚܘܬܐ ܒܡܚܘܬܐ 7a1 : ܪܘ�ܒܬܐ 10f1 : +
14/8a1mg � 10f1ܗܗܘܢ ] � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܐ 10f1ܠܛܘܪ ] � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܪܚܐ ܕܛܘܪ 6f1 : not legible 8a1ܘܐܦܩ ] M 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܦܩܘ 10f1ܘܐܝܪܬܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܝܪܬܘ M 8a1(vid) 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܛܘܪܐ 6f1 17a1ܘܐܦܩ ] M 7a1 x10f1 17e1ܘܐܦܩܘ ̈ ܘܠܚܘܝܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ ̈ 17a1 ܒܝܘܡܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܝܘܡܬܐ � 10f1ܠܗܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܩܕܡ �ܗܗܘܢ * 17e1ܣܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1cܕܣܢܐ 7a1ܐܘܒܕܘ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܐܒܕܘ 8a1 17e1ܘܐܫܬܕܝܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܘܐܫܬܒܝܘ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1ܘܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ ̈ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܐܬܬܚܕ ܡܢ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܬܬܚܕܬ ܡܢ 10f1 10f1ܕܗܫܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܗܫܐ 10f1ܕܐܬܦܢܝܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܬܦܢܝܘ 10f1ܐܬܟܢܫܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܟܢܫܘ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 7a1ܗܫܐ )�ܬܘܩܠܬܐ( 6f1 7a1 17a1ܠܬܘܩܠܬܐ ] M 8a1 10f1 17e1ܬܘܩܠܬܐ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1ܡܫܟܢ̈ܐ ܿ 6f1 7a1 17a1ܘܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ] M 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܥܡܘ�ܐ 2o 7a1ܠܡܦܩܘܬܗ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܡܦܣܩܘܬܗ � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܚܝܘܕ 10f1ܕ� ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܐܡܪܘ � 7a1 10f1ܕܚܠܝܢܢ 6f1 17a1 :ܕܚܠܝܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܕܚܠܝܢ ܚܢܢ � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܚܝܘܕ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ
5:10 5:11 5:12 5:13 5:14 5:15 5:16 5:17 5:18
5:19 5:20 5:22
5:23 6:1
lxvi
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
6:2
̈ 10f1 ܕܥܡܘܢM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܥܡܗܘܢ6f1 17a1 : ܕܒܢܝ ܥܡܘܢ 2o ܠܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 � ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐ� ܐܢ10f1 ܿ ܐܦܝ ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ ̈ ܡܢ (7a1 6:3) ܐܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ 17a1
6:3 6:4 52
ܕ�ܟܫܢM 6f1 7a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1 17a1 : ܕ�ܟܫܝܢ10f1 ̈ 10f1 ܫܠܕܝ̈ܗܘܢM 6f153 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܥܩܒܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1* 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܪܝܒܬܐ10f11 ܕ�ܓܠܝܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܪܓܠܗܘܢ10f1 ܿ 10f1 17a1 ܡܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܗ 2o � ܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � ܕ17a1 ܕܥܡܘܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܥܡܗܘܢ7a1 ܬܬܚܙܐ ܠܝM 17e1 ] ܬܚܙܐ6f1 7a1 8a1*(vid) 10f1 17a1̈ : ܬܬܚܙܝܢܝ14/8a1 ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦܝ ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ10f1 ܕܚܝܠܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܝܠܝ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܕܦܢܟ7a1 ܒܕܦܢܬܟ ܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܡܐ17a1 ܕܝܣܪܝܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܣܩܬܐ10f1 ܬܐܒܕM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܐܒܕ ܝܘܡܢܐ7a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܚܙܝܟ7a1 ܢܚܙܝܢ ܒܛܒܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 : ܛܒܬܐ10f1 ܒܡܫܟܢܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܡܫܟܢܐ10f1 ܕܢܐܚܕܘܢܝܗܝM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܐܚܕܘܢܗ7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܢܘܒܠܘܢܗM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܘܒܠܘܢܝܗܝ6f1 ܘܐܚܕܘܗܝ ܓܒ�ܐM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܚܕܗ ܓܒܪܐ6f1 7a1 17a1 ܘܐܦܩܘܗܝM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܦܩܗ6f1 7a1 17a1 � ܠܚܩM 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܠܢܚor more likely � ܠܚܝ7a1 ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗܝM 8a1* 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܘܒܠܗ6f1 7a1 14/8a1 ()ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗ
6:5 6:6 6:7 6:8 6:9 6:10 6:11
17a1
ܘܐܙܠܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܙܠ17a1
A number of words between Judith 6:4 and 8:10 have been reinked. Such places will ̈ be cited as 14/8a1 unless a change from 8a1 is impossible. Part of ܢܬܡܠܝܢin 6:4 has been reinked; what looks like an unreinked waw is probably all that survives of an original taw; there is room for a now invisible nūn. 53 By error, and immediately marked for deletion, 6f1 added ܘ� ܬܩܘܡ, and in 6:4 after ܿ ܐܪܥܐadded ܕܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ ܘ� ܢܗܦܟܘܢ ܐܡܪ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܪܐ, also immediately marked for deletion. 52
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 6:12
lxvii
ܠ�ܫܝ ܛܘ�ܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܪܝܫ ܛܘ�ܐ6f1 7a1 (om seyāme) 10f1(vid om
seyāme) 17a1 (om seyāme) ܿ ܿ ܘܐܚܕܘܗ M 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 ( )ܘܐܚܕܘܗ17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܚܕܘܢܗ7a1 ܥܬܢܐܝܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܥܢܐܝܠ17a1 ܡܝܫܐܝܠM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ( )ܡܢܫܐܝܠ17e1 ] ܡܫܐܝܠ6f1 ܟܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܠ10f1 ܘܐܩܝܡܘܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܚܕܘ ܐܩܝܡܘܗܝ10f1 ܥܡܐ ܟܠܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܘܕܐܬܪܘܪܒM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܬܪܘܪܒ6f1 17a1 : ܕܐܬܪܘܪܒ10f1 ܒܝܬM 7a1 8a1* 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܒܝܬ6f1 14/8a1 ̈ 10f1 ܡܘܟܟܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܟܝܟܐ ܘܚܘܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܘܪ10f1 ܘܕܒܪܗM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܕܒܪ6f1 17a1 ܕܐܬܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡ ܕܐܬܘ10f1 ܥܡܗ ܠܥܕܪܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܥܘܪܪܢܗ10f154 ܡܣܩܢܐM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 17a1 ܘܫܩܠܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܫܩܠܘ17a1 ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܝܩܪܬܗܘܢ ܘܣܛܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܣܛܪ10f1 (homeotel) ܐܢܫܐM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1 �ܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܒܘܠ10f1 ܠܩܪܡܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܚܪܡܘܢ10f1 ܕܠܘܩܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܠܘܩܒܠ17a1 ܐܬܕܠܚܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܠܚܘ17a1 ܘܐܡܪܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܐܦܝ ܘܐܦ� ܛܘ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦ � ܛܘ�ܐ10f1 �ܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ � ܘܐܦM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 : �ܢܚ ̈ � ܐܦ10f1 �ܢܚ ܘܐܦ� �ܡܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦ� �ܡܬܐ10f1 ܝܘܩܪܗܘܢM 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܘܩܪܢܗܘܢ6f1 7a1 ܘܫܩܠܘM 6f155 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܫܩܠ10f1
6:15 6:16 6:17 6:19 6:21 7:1
69F
7:2
7:3 7:4
7:5 54 55
scribe.
Presumably a spelling error for ܠܥܘܕܪܢܗ. In 6f1 more than half a line has been totally defaced, probably not by the original
lxviii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
̈ � ܒܡܓܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܟܠܗ ܠܝܐ ܗܘM 6f1*( vid) 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1
] deliberately obliterated 6f1c ܗܘܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܡܣܩܢܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 ܘܩܪܒܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܩܪܒ10f1 ̈ ̈ ܫܠܝܛܐM 7a1 14/8a1 ] ܫܠܝܛܢܐ6f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܒܚܝܠܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܥܡܟ17a1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 17a1 ܢܝܙܟܐ ܪܘܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 ̈ ܠ�ܝܫܝܗܘܢ6f1 7a1 (ܕܛܘܪܐ ̈ )ܠ�ܫܗܘܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܛܘ�ܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܛܘܪܐ 10f1 17a1 ܕܡܬܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܕܡܫܬܥܒܕ17e1 ܓܒܪM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܠܒܪ10f1 : ܓܒ�ܐ17a1 ܒܡܫܪܝܬܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܡܫܟܢܟ10f1 ܘܛܪM 6f1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܛܪ7a1 ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܘܢܫܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܢܫܕܐ17a1(vid) ܘܢܦܠܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܦܠܘܢ10f1 ̈ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܫܘܩܝܗܘܢ ܒܫܘܩܐ 10f1 56 ܘܣܠܩܬM 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܘܫܩܠܬ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ ̈ 10f1* 1o ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܐܬܘܪ17a1 2o ܒܢܝ ܐܬܘܪ ܒܛܘܪܐ ܕܠܘܩܒܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܛܘ�ܐ ܠܘܩܒܠ17a1 ܥܩܪܒܬM 6f1 8a1 10f1 ( )ܥܩܪܒܝܬ17a1 17e1 ] ܥܩܪܒܘܬ7a1 ܘܣܓܝܐܝܢM 17a1 17e1 ] om waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ܗܘܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܗܘ17a1 ܕܚܕܪܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܚܕܪ10f1 ܘܩܘܝM 8a1* (vid) 17e1 ] ܘܩܘܝܘ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 � �ܓM 8a1 17e1 ] �ܓܠܝܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 : inconclusive 17a1 1o ܐܫܬܚܪܘM 6f1 10f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܫܬܚܪ7a1 � M (no support) ] � ܕ6f1 7a1 17a1 : � ܡܛܠ ܕ10f1 : not legible 8a1 : � ܘ17e1
7:6 7:8 7:9 7:10
7:11 7:12 7:13 7:14 7:17 7:18
7:19 7:20 7:21
The (14/8a1). 56
ܘcurrently at the end of ܕܐܡܪܘ
and the following
ܘܣderive from the retracer
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 7:22
lxix
ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ܘܒܡܥ̈ܠܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܘܥܢܘM 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܓܥܘ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 1o ܠܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܒܐܝܕܝ̈ܗܘܢM 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝܟܘܢ7a1 ܘܬܐܚܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܬܚܐ17a1 � ܘM 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] � ܕ17a1 ̈ ܘܝܠܘܕܝ̈ܢM 7a1 ] ܘܝ�ܘܕܐ 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ̈ ̈ ܘܕܒܢܝܢ ̈ 10f1 ܘܕܒܢܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܕܒܢܬܢ ܘܡܣܗܕܝܢ ܚܢܢM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܡܣܗܕܝܢܢ7a1 17a1 : ܡܣܗܕܝܢܢ10f1 ܒܟܬܐ ܪܒܬܐM 6f1 17a1 ] ܒܟܬܐ7a1 8a1 17e1 : ܒܥܘܬܐ10f1 ܪܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܪܒܐ17a1 ܬܪܣܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܠܒܒܘ10f1 ̈ 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܚܝܢ ܐܚܝ �ܗܢM 6f1 10f1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ7a1 ܠܚܪܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܚܪܝܬܐ10f1 ܘܕܒܪܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܒܕܪܗ10f1 ܘܠܫܘ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܗܢܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܠܝܢ10f1 ܡܪܪܝM 6f157 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܕܝ10f1 ܒܪ ܥܘܙܝܠ ܒܪ �ܩܢܐ ܒܪ ܚܢܢ ܒܪ ܓܒܥܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ]
7:23 7:25 7:27
7:28 7:29 7:30
7:32 8:1
lacking 10f1 (homeotel) ܫܠܡܘܐܝܠM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܫܡܘܐܝܠ6f1 17a1 : ܫܠܘܡܐܝܠ7a1 ܕܩܐܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܛܠ ܕܩܐܡ10f1 ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢM 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܕܝܢܬܗ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܣܩܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܘܠܒܫܐM 8a1 17a1(vid) 17e1 ] ܘܠܒܝܫܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ) 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܚܙܘܬܐ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 (ܘܚܘܕܬܐ ̈ 10f1 ܘܚܕܘܬܐ 1o ܘܗܘܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܗܘܬ10f1 ܿ ܒܚܙܘܗ M 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܚܙܘܐ10f1 ܘܝܐܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܝܐܝܐ17a1 : ܘܝܐܐ ܗܘܐ10f1 ܘܣܟܘܠܬܢܝܐM 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr ܘܗܘܬ6f1* 58
8:3 8:5 8:6 8:7
73F
Possibly 6f1* had small dot for a dālath. 57
ܡܪܕܝwhich was immediately corrected with a dash obliterating a
lxx
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܡܛܠ ܕܫܒܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܫܒܩ17a1 ܕܗܒܐ ܘܟܣܦܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܣܦܐ ܘܕܗܒܐ10f1 ܘܒܥܝܪܐ ܘܩܘ�ܝܐM 7a1 (seyāmes on both nouns) 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ]
8:9
8:10
8:11 59
8:12 8:13 8:14
transpose 6f1(seyāmes on both nouns) ܒܝܫܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܕܥܩܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܬܬܝܥܩܬ10f1 ܕܨܬܬM 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܕܨܬ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܝܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1* 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪ ܘܝܡܐ8a1c ܫܬܐM 17e1 ] ܚܡܫܐ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ܢܫܠܡܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܫܠܡܝܢ17a1 ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐM 17e1 ] ܡܕܝܢܬܐ6f1 7a1 10f1(vid seyāme) 8a1 17a1 ܿ ܿ ܿ ܦܪܣܛܘܝܬܗ M 8a1 17e1 ] ܦܪܣܬܘܝܬܗ6f1 7a1 10f1 : ܦܪܣܛܝܘܬܗ 17a1 ܒܝܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܠܥܘܙܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܠܚܒܪܝ17a1 ܪܘ�ܒܢܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡܘ�ܐ7a1 ܗܘܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܦܬܓܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܦܬܓܡܐ ܗܘ10f1 ܡܘܡܬܐM 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܕܐܝܡܘ ܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ ܘ�ܠܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܝܢܝܟܘܢ �ܠܗܐ10f1 �ܗܢ ܠܥܕܪܢ ܒܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܝܐ ܒܗܠܝܢ ̈ ܡܪܝܐ ܝܘܡܝܢ ܠܥܘܕܪܢܢ ܚܡܫܐ10f1 1o ܐܢܬܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ܘܗܘܝܬܘܢM 8a1 10f1txt 17e1 ] ܘܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ6f1 7a1 10f1mg 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 10f1 17e1 �ܗܐ ܘܐܢܫM 8a1 17e1 ] ܘ� ܐܢܫ6f1 7a1 17a1 : ܕ� ܐܢܫ10f1 ܢܕܥM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܝܕܥ6f1 10f1 17a1 1o � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܘ10f1 ܡܫܟܚM 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܫܬܟܚ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vid) ܘܡܚܫܒܬܐ 1o ܡܕܪܟܝܢM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܬܕ�ܟܝܢ7a1 10f1 ()ܡܬܕ�ܟܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܘܐܝܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܢܬܘܢ ܐܝܟܢܐ10f1
This error was immediately marked for deletion; 6f1 does have ܘܗܘܬin its proper place after ܘܣܟܘܠܬܢܝܐ. 59 In 8:11 � ܐܢ, 13 � ܕܐܢare spelled with the nūn beneath the first ālaph, presumably by the original scribe, and of course no intervening space. 58
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
8:15
8:16 8:18
8:19 8:20 8:21 8:22
8:23 8:24 8:25 8:26
8:27 8:28 8:29 8:30
lxxi
̈ M (no support) ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1(vid) 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܘܡܚܫܒܬܗ ܐܘ ܡܚܫܒܬܗ10f1 ̈ � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � ܐܚܝ ܬܪܓܙ17a1 ܐܚܝ � ܬܪܓܙܘܢ ܢܨܒܐM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܨܒܐ ܓܝܪ10f1 : ܨܒܐ7a1 ܗܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܕܨܒܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܨܒܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ̈ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܢ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܢ 10f1 ܕܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1* �ܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܢ10f1 �ܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܒܫܪܒܬܢM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 : text defective 7a1 2o � ܘܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] � ܘ10f1 : � ܐܦ17a1 ܫܪܒܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 3o � ܘܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܘ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܢܫܐ10f1 ܕܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ ܠܒܙܬܐ ܘܠܚܪܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܒܙܬܐ10f1 ܿ 7a1 : �ܗ17a1 �ܠܗM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] �ܠܗܝ6f1 : �ܠܗ ܘܢܬܒܙܙܘܢM 17a1 ] ܘܢܬܒܙܘܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ܕܐܪܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܪܥܢ10f1 ܕܢܦܠܘܚM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܦܠܚ10f1 ܩܕܡM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܝܬ7a1 ̈ 7a1 10f1 ̈ ܫܒܒܝܢ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܫܒܝܢ �ܗܢM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ6f1 10f1 17a1 ̈ 10f1 ܚܢܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܚܝܢ �ܠܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܠܗܢ10f1 ܘܐܝܣܚܩM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܡ ܐܝܣܚܩ6f1 ܘܠܟܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܟܠ10f1 ܒܝܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܒܝܬ17a1 ܗܘܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܠܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗܠܝܢ10f1 ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐM 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 : not legible 7a1 ܒܠܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܠܒܐ ܗܘ10f1 ܡܠܟܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ̈ܡܠܝܟܝ10f1 ܐܬܝܕܥܬM 6f1 8a1 10f1 ] ܐܬܝܕܥܬܝ7a1(vid) 17a1 � ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܐ� ܐܢ17e1 ܝܕܥM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܕܥܘ10f1 ܘܐܢܣܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܠܨܘܢܝ10f1
lxxii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
8:31
8:32 61 8:33
8:34 8:35 8:36 9:1
9:2 9:3 9:4
9:5
ܡܘܡܬܐM 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1 17a1 : not legible 7a1 ܢܥܢܝܟܝM 6f1 60 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܥܢܟܝ7a1 1o �ܗܢM 6f1 7a11 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ7a1* �ܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܠܗܐ17e1 ܘܢܬܡܠܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܡܠܘܢ6f1 ܕܬܫܬܒܩM 6f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܕܬܫܬܒܩܝ17a1 : ܘܬܫܬܒܩ7a1 10f1 ܠܫ�ܒܢ ܘܠܫ�ܒܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 62 17a1] ܠܩܪܒܢ ܘܠܫܪܒܢM 17e1 ܘܛܠܝܬܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܛܠܝܬܝ ܢܦܘܩ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܝܘܡܬܐ ̈ 17a1 ܘܒܝܘܡܬܐ ܢܦܪܘܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܦܩܘܕ10f1 ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܘܐܢܬܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܢܬܘܢ10f1 1o ܡܐM 8a1 ] ܡܛܠ6f1 7a1 17a1 : ܒܡܐ17e1 : lacking 10f1 ܘܐܡܪM 10f1 ] ܘܐܡܪܘ6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ܘܪܘ�ܒܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܪܘ�ܒܢܐ17a1 ܙܠܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܙܠܝ10f1 ܘܢܦܩܘM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 � ܗܝܟM 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܛܠܬܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܒܥܕܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܥܕܢܐ10f1 ܒܒܝܬܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ܒܒܝܬܗ10f1 ܒܪܡܫܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܝܘܡܐ6f1 ܗ̇ܘM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ̣ܗܘ7a1 : lacking 10f1 ܓܥܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܓܥܬ10f1 ܕܐܒܝ ܫܡܥܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܡܥܘܢ ܐܒܝ10f1 ܕܫܪܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܫܕܘ10f1 ܠܡܛܡܐܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ( )ܠܡܛܡܘ17e1 ] ܠܛܡܐܘ10f1 ܿ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܡܐ17a1 ܕܡܗ ܘܝܗܒܘM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܝܗܒܬ6f1 10f1 17a1 ܘܒܬܝ̈ܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܒܢ̈ܬܗܘܢ17a1 ܒܝܢܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܢ̈ܝ10f1 ܕܢܛܪܘM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܛܪܘ7a1 ܕܐܢܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܢܬ ܗܘ10f1
A hole in 6f1 in the folio has removed all traces of the medial yūdh. There is ocassional retracing (by 14/8a1 ?) between 8:32–34. 62 The first lāmadh in 8a1 looks like a nūn because of the ṣādhē above it. 60 61
lxxiii
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10f1ܘܐܦ ܡܨ̈ܥܝܬܐ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 :ܘܡܨ̈ܥܝܬܐ 10f1ܒ�ܟܫܝܗܘܢ M 7a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 8a1 17a1 :ܒ�ܟܫܗܘܢ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 10f1ܒܕܪܥܐ 10f1ܘܬܟܝܠܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܬܬܟܠܝܢ 10f1ܘܫܚܩ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܫܚܘܩ )ܣܘܓܗܘܢ( 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܣܘܓܐܗܘܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܣܓܝܐܘܬܗܘܢ 10f1ܬܒܘܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܒܪ 2o 6f1ܒܚܡܬܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܒܚܡܬܟ 17a1ܕܐܝܩܪܐ 10f1 :ܕܫܟܝܢܬ ܐܝܩܪܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܕܫܟܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܝܩܪܐ M 8a1 17a1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1ܒܦ�ܙ� 10f1ܫܘܒܗܪܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܒܫܘܒܗܪܗܘܢ 17e1ܪܘܓܙܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1ܪܘܓܙܟ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 8a1ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝ 17a1ܡܚܝܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܡܚܝ 10f1ܬܒܘܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܒܪ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking 8a1 17e1ܗܘܐ ܥܘܫܢܟ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :ܚܝܠܟ ܘܥܘܫܢܟ ] M 8a1 17e1ܕܚܝܠܗ ܘܥܘܫܢܗ 10f1ܘܚܝܠܟ 10f1ܐܦ� ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܦ� M 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܡܘܗܒܬܟ 10f1ܡܣܝܥܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܣܝܥܢܐ 10f1ܐܝܢ ܐܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܝܢ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܡܪܝܐ ] M 8a1ܡܪܐ 6f1 7a1 10f1ܘܐܪܥܐ ] M 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܕܐܪܥܐ 8a1ܐܬܚܫܒ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܐܬܚܫܒܘ 10f1ܥܠܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܠܝܢ ̈ M 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܒܝܫܬܐ 17a1ܥܡܟ 10f1 :ܥܡܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1ܥܡܐ 10f1ܘܟܠܗܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܠܟܠܗܝܢ ) M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vidܫ�ܒܬܐ 17a1ܚܝܠܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܚܝܠ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܝܗܘܕܝܬ 10f1ܘܩܡܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܩܡܬ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1ܣܩܐ ] M 17e1ܠܣܩܐ 7a1 10f1ܕܠܒܫܬ ] M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܠܒܝܫܐ ܿ ܘܟܠܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܟܠܗ 6f1 ܨܦܬܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܨܒܬܗܿ ܿ 6f1
9:7 9:8
9:9 9:10 9:11
9:12 9:13 9:14
10:1 10:3 10:4
lxxiv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
10:5
ܥܝܢ̈ܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1(vid)63 ܘܡܠܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܘܡ10f1 ܘܠܚܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܠܚܡܐ10f1 ܠܬܪܥܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 ܿ ܕܢܚ ܿ ܢܚ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܬܝܗ ̈ 17a1 ܬܝܗ �ܗܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܗܐ10f1 ܠ�ܚܡܐM 8a1 17e1 ] �ܚܡܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܿ ܘܠܪܘܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܠܪܘܡܗ 10f1 o 1 ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ܦܬܓܡܐM 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1 : not legible 6f1 2o ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܘܥܒܕܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܒܕ10f1 ܢܚܬܬM 8a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܝ6f1(vid) 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܒܢܝ ̈ 17a1 : not extant 6f1 64 ܕܒܢܝ � ܘܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܐܦ10f1 ̈ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 : not extant 6f1 ܕܚܝܐ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 : ܓܒ�ܐ17a1 ܥܒܕܐ ܩܕܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܠܘܬ17a1 ܡܟܝܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܡܟܝܠ10f1 ܩܪܘܒܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܩܘܡܝ17a1 ܘܐܢܫܐ ܡܢܢ ܢܘܒܠܘܢܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܘܐܢܫ ܡܢܢ ܢܘܒܠܟܝ 78F
10:6 10:7 10:8 10:9 10:10 10:11 10:13 10:14 10:15
10:17 10:18
10:19
79F
17e1
ܠܡܫܟܢܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܫܟܢܐ10f1 ܪܗܛܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1 ܕܐܫܬܡܥܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܫܬܡܥܬ ܗܘܬ10f1 ܕܒܡܫܟܢ̈ܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܫܟܢܐ6f1 1o ܗܘܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܡܫܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܫܟܢܗ10f1 ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܕܐܠܦܪܢܐ17e1 ̣ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܛܠ10f1 ̇ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܢܘ10f1
Later in the verse 7a1 perhaps has ܠܗfor ܠܗbut the condition of the ms makes it impossible to be sure that was the original reading. Dots, esp. in the bottom half of the folios, may easily have been lost. 64 6f1 suffers losses in Judith 10:11f., 13–16, 19. 63
ܿ
lxxv
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
8a1ܢܫܬܚܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܫܬܚܪ 10f1ܢܫܬܟܚܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܫܬܚܪܘܢ 10f1ܘܗܘ �ܦܪܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܠܦܪܢܐ 10f1ܕܙܩܝܪܐ ܗܘܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܙܩܝܪܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 10f1ܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ 7a1 8a1 10f1ܘܒܐܙܡܪܓܕܐ ] M 6f1 17a1 17e1ܘܒܙܡ�ܓܕܐ ܿ 7a1 ܠܗ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܗ 10f1ܘܗܘ ܕܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܗܘ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܕܡܫܟܢܐ ] M 8a1 17e1ܕܡܫܟܢܗ 6f1 7a1 17a1ܕܠܩܝܢ ] M 8a1 10f1 17e1ܐܙܠܝܢ 10f1ܣܓܕܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1ܘܣܓܕܬ ܿ ܘܐܚܕܘܗ 10f1ܘܐܚܕܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 10f1ܐܬܠܒܒܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܪܣܝ 17a1ܠܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1ܠܟܠܢܫ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 ] lacking 17a1ܕܢܦܠܘܚ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܢܝܙܟܐ ] M 8a1 17e1ܐܝܕܝ ) 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܘܐܬܝܬ ܠܘܬܢ( M 6f1 7a1 8a1ܘܐܬܝܬܝ ܠܘܬܢ
)(homeotel 10f1ܐܬܠܒܒܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܪܣܝ ) M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1] lacking (homeotelܘܐܥܒܕ ܠܟܝ *17a1 10f1ܗܘ ܕܬܫܡܥ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܬܫܡܥ ܿ ܠܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ ] M 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܚܝܐ ܗܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܫܕܪܟ ܠܡܩܝܡܘ lacking (homeotel.) 6f1 7a1 17a1 10f1ܢܦܠܚܘܢܝܗܝ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܦܠܚܘܢܗ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1ܕܕܒܪܐ 10f1ܢܕܥܘܢܗ 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 :ܢܕܥܘܢܝܗܝ ] ) M (no supportܘܢܕܥܘܢܝܗܝ 17a1 10f1ܫܡܥܢ ܓܝܪ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܫܡܥܢ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1ܚܟܡܬܟ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1ܘܨܢ̈ܥܬܗ 10f1ܛܒ ܐܢܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܛܒ 17a1ܐܪܥܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܡܠܟܘܬܐ 6f1 17a1ܒܝܕܥܬܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܒܝܕܥܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1ܒܩܪܒܐ ̈ ܡ�ܘܗܝ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1ܘܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܫܬܥܝ 10f1ܕܫܪܝܪܐ ܗܝ ] 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܫܪܝܪ ܗܘ
10:21
10:22
10:23 11:1 11:2 11:3 11:4 11:6 11:7
11:8
11:9 11:10
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
17a1ܒܗ ܢܝܙܟܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܒܗܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ M 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] � 8a1ܕ� 1o 10f1ܕܥ ܕܢܦܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܢܦܠ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܒܥܡܗܘܢ 7a1ܚܛܐ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܚܛܗܐ ܿ ܢܥܒܕܘܢܗ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܢܥܒܕܘܢܗ 7a1 10f1ܕܚܣܪܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܚܣܪ 10f1ܠܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܗܘܢ ܬܘܪܣܝܐ ܘܐܬܛܠܩܘ ܠܗܘܢ
)(homeotel 6f1 7a1ܐܬܚܫܒܘ ] M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ 17a1ܠܡܫܬܠܛܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܠܡܫܠܛ 10f1ܘܒܟܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܟܠ � 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܗܗܘܢ ] � M 8a1 17e1ܗܐ ̈ ܒܢܡܘܣܘܗܝ 17a1ܒܢܡܘܣܗ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1ܫܝܬܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1ܘܕܚܡܪܐ ܘܕܡܫܚܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1ܠܡܩܕܫܘ 17a1ܡܪܝܐ ] � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܗܐ 10f1ܗܠܝܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܢܘܢ � 17a1ܢܫܐ ] � M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܢܫ 10f1ܘܐܦ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܐܦ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1ܟܠܗܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ M 6f1 7a1 17a1 ] seyāme 8a1 10f1 17e1ܦܬܓܡܐ 7a1 17a1ܕܟܕ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܟܕ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܠܗܘܢ ] ) M (no supportܐܢܘܢ 1o * 10f1ܘܢܫܬܠܡܘܢ ] M 7a1 6f1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1ܢܫܬܠܡܘܢ 10f1ܠܝ ܡܢܗܘܢ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܡܢܗܘܢ ܿ ܕܬܬܡܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܕܬܬܡܗ 17a1ܕܬܬܡܗܝ 6f1 : M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1ܡܛܠ 17a1ܒܠܝܐ ܘܒܐܝܡܡܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܒܐܝܡܡܐ ܘܒܠܝܐ 17a1ܡܟܝܠ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܡܟܝܠ 10f1ܠܘܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܘܬܟ 10f1ܕܐܨ� ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܐܨ� ܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ 6f1 :ܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ ܚܛܗܝ̈ܟܘܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܡܬܥܒܕ ܚܛܗܗܘܢ 10f1ܢܬܥܒܕ ܚܛܗܗܘܢ 7a1 17a1 :ܚܛܗܝ̈ܗܘܢ 6f1 17a1ܘܐܥܒܪ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܥܒܪܟ 17e1ܠܗܘܢ ] ̇ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 �ܗ
lxxvi 11:11
11:12
11:13
11:14 11:15 11:16 11:17
11:19
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 11:20 11:21
11:22 11:23 12:1 12:2 12:3
12:4 12:5 12:6 12:7 12:8 12:9
12:10 12:11
65
lxxvii
ܪܥܝܐM 6f1 7a1(vid) 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 17a1 ܘܫܦܪM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] ܘܫܦܪܘ7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ܥܒܕܘܗܝ ܟܠܗܘܢM 8a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܿ ܠܗM 6f1 65 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ10f1 : lacking 17a1 ܐܝܟ ܗܕܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܕܐܝܟ ܗܕܐ6f1 : ܐܝܟ ܐܟܘܬܟܝ17e1(sec. man.; prim. man. om )ܗܕܐ ܿ ܠܣܘ ܿ ܣܘ ܿ ܠܣܘ ܿ ܣܘ ̈ ̈ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܦܝܗ ̈ ̈ ܦܝܗ ܦܝܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ ܦܝܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ6f1 7a1 17a1 ̈ 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 �� ܘܒܡܡM 8a1 17e1 ] �ܘܒܡ ܥܘܗܕܢܐ ܘܒܐܝܠܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܘܕܪܢܐ ܘܐܝܠܝܢ10f1 ܐܒܕܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܒܕܢܐ10f1 ̈ ܘܒܦܬܓܡܟܝM (no support) ] ܘܒܦܬܓܡܝܟܝ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܛܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܿ ܕܫܬܐM 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܫܬܝܗ6f1 7a1 (ܕܡܫܬܝܗ ) 10f1 17a1 ܿ ܡܢܗM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܢܗ7a1 17a1 � ܕM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܠܡܐ7a1 10f1 ܐܡܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪ10f1 ܘܐܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܐܢ17a1 1o ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܕܐܟܘܬܗM 8a1 17e1 ] ܐܟܘܬܗ6f1 7a1 17a1 : ܐܟܘܬܗܘܢ10f1 ܐܟܘܬܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܟܘܬܗܘܢ10f1 ܘܐܡܪܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪܬ ܠܗ10f1 ܕܐܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܝܬ10f1 ܘܩܡܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܩܕܡܬܝ10f1 ܘܐܡܪܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪܐ10f1 ܠܡܦܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܬܦܘܩ10f1 ܒܥܝܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܡܥܝܢܐ10f1 ܠܩܝܡܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܩܘܝܡܐ10f1 ܡܟܬܪܐM (no support) ] ܡܟܬܪܐ ܗܘܬ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 : lacking 17e1 ̈ ̈ ܘܩܝܘܡܐ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܡܢ ܘܩܝܘܡܐ7a1 ܿ ܐܦܝܣM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦܝܣܝܗ 10f1 ܘܬܠܥܣ ܘܬܫܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] transpose 17e1
Probably 6f1 has marked the diacritical for deletion.
lxxviii 12:12 66 12:13
12:14
12:15
12:16 12:18 12:19 12:20
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܘܬܫܬܐ ܥܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 10f1 ܕܐܝܟM 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܝܟ6f1 7a1 ܿ ܿ ܿ ܢܩܦܗ M 6f1 7a1 ( )ܢܦܩܗ14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܩܦܝܗ10f1 ܘܢܦܩM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܦܩܘ14/8a1 ܿ ܘܐܡܪ10f1 ܘܐܡܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܗ � ܬܬܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܬܟܠܝܢ10f1 ܘܬܬܒܣܡܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܘܬܬܩܣܡܣܝܢ17e1 ܝܘܡܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܝܘܡܢ17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܩܝܡܝܢ7a1 17a1 ܕܩܝܡܢ ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܠܟܐ10f1 ܕ� ܥܐܠܢ ܨܝܕ ܡܪܝM 8a1(vid) ] ܕ� ܥܠ ܡܪܝ6f1 7a1 : ܥܠܝ ܡܪܝ10f1 : ܕ� ܐܥܘܠ ܠܘܬ ܡܪܝ17a1 : ܕ� ܥܐ� ܐܢܐ ܨܝܕ ܡܪܝ17e1 ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ ܐܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܒܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ10f1 ܗܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܕܡܘܬܝM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܡܘܬ17a1 : ܕܗܘܬܝ14/8a1 ܿ ܬܨܒܝܬܗ M 6f1 (seyāme) 7a1 (perhaps seyāme) 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܨܒܝܬܐ 10f1
̈ ܫ�ܚܐ ܕܐܡ�ܐ / ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 2o ܥܠܝܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܥܡܗܘܢ17a1 ܘܥܠܬM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 ( )ܕܥܠܬ17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠܬܝ10f1 ܛܒM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܐܡܪܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܡܪܐ10f1 ܕܝܪܒܘM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܒܘ14/8a1(vid) ܥܠܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a11 17e1 ] lacking 17a1* ܘܢܣܒܬ ܘܐܟܠܬM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 ()ܕܢܣܒܬ ܘܐܟܠܬ17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܣܒܬܝ ܘܐܟܠܬܝ10f1 ܡܕܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܢ ܡܕܡ17a1 ܣܘܓܐܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܣܓܝܐܐ10f1 � ܕM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܐ14/8a1 ܗܟܘܬM 6f1 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] ܗܟܘܬ ܐܝܟ17a1 : not legible 8a1*
13:1
ܩܡܘM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܡ7a1 ܠܡܐܙܠM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܐܙܠ14/8a1
In 8a1 from 12:12–13:4 and infrequently thereafter there is frequent reinking (designated as need be as 14/8a1). 66
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
13:3 13:4
13:7 13:8 13:9 13:10
13:11 13:12
13:13
lxxix
ܬܪܥܐM 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 17a1 ܐܢܫ ܐܢܫ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܫܟܢܗM 8a1 17e1 ] ܐܢܫ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܫܟܢܗ 17a1 : ܟܠܢܫ ܠܡܫܟܢܗ10f1 ܗܘܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܕܗܘܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ10f1 ܕܐܬܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܐܬܝܐ17a1 ܐܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܢܐ ܗܘ10f1 ܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܦ10f1 ܟܠܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܠܝܬܘܢ14/8a1 ܘ� ܐܢܫM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܘܐܢܫ10f1 ܪܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܪܒܐ10f1 ܐܘM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܝܟ7a1 : � ܘ10f1 ܕܐܠܦܪܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܡܪܝܐ ܡܪܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܪܝܐ10f1 ܿ ܠܪܘܡܐM 6f1 7a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܪܘܡܗ 10f1 : not legible 8a1 ܒܝܘܡܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1(vid) 17a1 17e1 ] ܝܘܡܐ10f1 ܒܢܐܢܪܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 ( )ܒܢܢܪܐ17e1 ] ܒܢܐܪܢܐ7a1 : ܒܐܢܪܐ17a1 ܠܪܝܫܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܪܝܫܗ17a1 ܬܫܘܝܬܗM 8a1 17e1 ] ܬܫܘܝܬܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܟܠܬܗM 8a1 17e1 ] ܟܠܬܐ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ̈ ܡܓܘܕܐ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] om seyāme 17e1 ̈ ܡܓܘܕ ܐ ܘܒܬܪ ܩܠܝܠ ܢܦܩܬ M 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܥܡܘܕܐ10f1 ܿ ܕܣܝܒܪܬܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܣܝܒܪܬܐ10f1 ܕܒܥܕܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܒܥܝܕܐ10f1 ܿ ܿ ܘܥܒܪM 17e1 ] ܘܥܒܪܗ 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 : ܘܥܒܪܘܗ17a1 ܿ ܘܐܬܟ�ܟܝܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܬܟܪܟܘܗ 17a1 ܠܢܛܘ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1(vid) ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 14/8a1 67 17a1 ܠܡܦܬܚM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܠܡܦܬܚܘ17a1 ܿ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܠܗ ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܕܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ17a1 ܬ�ܥܐM 6f1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 10f1 17a1
6f1 7a1
82F
In the reinking by 14/8a1 only a diacritical mark for the rīsh has been reinked; that of the original seyāme is still visible. 67
lxxx
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
13:14 13:15 13:17 13:18
13:19 13:20 14:1 14:2 68 14:3 14:4 14:5 14:6 14:7 69 14:8 14:9
ܿ ܿ ܘܚܕܪܘܗ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܚܕܘܗ10f1 ̈ ܒܐܝܕܝ M 17e1 ] ܒܐܝ̈ܕܝܢ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 : inconclusive 8a1 ܕܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܐ10f1 ̈ ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 17a1 ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬܝM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܪܝܟܐ ܐܢܬ7a1 : ܒܪܝܟܬܝ10f1 ܘܐܪܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܠܟܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܟܝ ܐܘܪܚܐ10f1 ܪܫܐM 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܪܫܗ7a1 8a1 10f1 ܕܪܒܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܪܒܐ17a1 ܥܢܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܢܥܢܕ10f1 (7a1 13:20) ܡܦܘܠܬܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܘܟܟܢ10f1 ܘܗܠܟܬܝM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܗܠܟܬ7a1 ܘܐܡܪM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܡܪܘ6f1 10f1 ܐܡܝܢ ܘܐܡܝܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܡܝܢ6f1 ܒܥܥܝܬܐM 7a1 ] ܒܝܥܝܬܐ6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܘܬܣܒܘܢM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܬܣܒܘܢ6f1 10f1 ܥܠܝܟܘܢM (no support) ] ܥܠܝܗܘܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܠ�ܒܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܪܒ10f1 ܠܡܫܟܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܫܟܢܗ10f1 ܟܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܟܠ17a1 ܬܪܡܘܢM 7a1 10f1 114/8a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 17a1 ܕܐܣܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܣܠܝ ܗܘܐ10f1 ܠܕܒܝܬM 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܒܝܬ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܫܕܪܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܫܕܪ10f1 17a1 ܚܕM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܚܪ6f1 ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܟܢܫܐ10f1 ܥܡܝM 6f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܡ7a1 8a1 10f1 ܘܢܕܚܠܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܢܬܕܠܚܘܢ10f1 ܡܟܝܠM 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 ܕܥܒܕܬM 14/8a1 ] ܕܥܒܕܬܝ6f1 7a1 10f1 : ܡܐ ܕܗܘܐ17a1 ܘܥܕܡܐM 6f1 7a1 14/8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܕܡܐ10f1 ܘܟܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܟܕ ܕܝܢ10f1
In 8a1 there is ocassional retracing from 14:2–8; these are presumably from 14/8a1. 14/8a1 ܟܠlooks like it is written over a longer different word (perhaps 4 letters long) of which only traces remain at the most. 68 69
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
14:10 14:11
14:12 14:13 14:14 14:15 14:16 14:18
14:19 15:1 15:2 15:3 70
lxxxi
ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܢ ܕܥܒܕܬ17a1 ܩܥܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܩܥܐ10f1 � ܒܩM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܩ10f1 ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] add seyāme 17e1 ܐܚܝܘܕ ܟܠ ܕܥܒܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܟܠ ܕܥܒܕ ܠܗ10f1 ܒܐܠܗܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܣܠܩM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܗܘܐ6f1 17a1 ܠܡܫܪܝܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܫ�ܝܢ10f1 ܡܣܩܢܐ ܕܛܘ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 (seyāme uncertain) 17e1 ] ܡܫܪܝܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܐ17a1 ܐܢܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 ܥܒܝܕܬܗ ܥܘܠM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܘܠܘ6f1 ܐܥܝܪܝܗܝM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܥܝܪܘܗܝ6f1 ܕܡܝܟM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܟ10f1 ܘܥܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܥܠ ܐܙܠ10f1 �ܠܦܪܢܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ܘܒܒܟܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܒܓܥܬܐ17a170 ̈ ܘܒܬܢ̈ܚܬܐM 6f1 8a1 (ܘܒܬܐܢܚܬܐ ) 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 ܕܥܒܕܬM (no support) ] ܘܥܒܕܬ6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܥܒܕܬ10f1 ܗܕܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܪܒܬܐ17a1 ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܥܒ�ܝܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܥܒ�ܝܬܐ10f1 : lacking 17a1 ܡܛܠ ܕܗܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܛܠܗܢܐ6f1 ܘܟܕM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] � ܘ17a1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1 : ܚܝܠܗ17a1 ��ܚ ܡܫܪܝܬܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 ܐܝܠܝܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܗܠܝܢ17a1 ܕܒܡܫܟܢ̈ܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 6f1 ܟܬܪM 6f1 ] ܟܬܪܘ7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 � ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f11 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1* ܐܬܗܦܟܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܒܕܪܘ10f1 ܘܟ�ܟܝܢM (no support) ] ܘܟܪܝܟܝܢ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 : + ܠܦܠܘ10f1 85F
As a result of this error 17a1 has this twice in its listing.
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
17a1ܠܡܥܪܩܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܠܡܥܪܩ 7a1ܣܡܘ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܢܦܩܘ 10f1ܘܢܦܠܘ 6f1 7a1 17a1 :ܘܐܬܢܟܣܘ ] M 8a1 17e1ܘܐܬܢܣܟܘ 10f1ܘܫܕܪܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܫܕܪ 6f1ܘܢܘܕܥܘܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܢܘܕܥܘܢ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1ܥܠ 1o 7a1ܘܢܦܩܘܢ ] ) 17e1ܘܕܢܦܩܘ( M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1ܘܕܢܦܩܘܢ 6f1 17a1ܠܗܘܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܒܗܘܢ 10f1ܘܗܟܘܬ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܗܟܘܬ M 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1ܐܦ 10f1ܕܫܡܥܘ 7a1 :ܕܐܫܬܡܥܘ ] M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܕܐܫܬܡܥ 10f1ܗܘܘ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܠܗܘܢ ܿ 17a1 ܠܗ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 : prܠܡܫܪܝܬܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܓܒ�ܐ ܩ�ܒܬܢܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܥܠܝܗܘܢ 10f1ܘܢܦܠܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ 7a1ܘܡܚܕ ] M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܘܡܚܘ ܿ ܕܥܡܘ�ܝܗ 10f1 17a1ܕܥܡܘ�ܐ ] M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܡܫܪܝܬܐ ̈ ܘܒܛܘܪܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1ܕܒܛܘ�ܐ 6f1 ̈ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 7a1ܘܒܦܩܥܬܐ 17a1ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܐܝܠܝܢ 10f1ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1ܛܒܬܐ 10f1ܬܗܘܝܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܘܬܗܘܝܢ 17a1ܘܐܡܪ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܘܐܡܪܘ 17a1ܐܡܝܢ M 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 7a1 :ܘܐܡܝܢ 7a1 10f1 17a1ܡܥܒܪܝܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܡܒܥܪܝܢ 17a1ܡܫܪܝܬܐ M (no support) ] seyāme 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 :ܡܫܪܝܬܗܘܢ M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1ܕܐܬܘ�ܝܐ 17a1ܡܫܟܢܐ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܡܫܟܢܗ 1o ̈ ܘܡܐܢܘܗܝ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ̈ 17a1 ܐܢܝܢ ] M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1ܐܢܘܢ ̈ ܟܘܕܢܘܬܗ ] M 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1ܟܘܕܢ̈ܘܬܐ 10f1 ܥܓܠܬܗܿ ܥܓܠܬܗ ] ̈ M 7a1 (om seyāme) 8a1 17a1 17e1 ̈ 10f1 7a1 10f1 : lacking 17a1ܐܢܘܢ ] M 8a1 17e1ܐܢܝܢ ̈ ܘܓܒܝ 10f1 17a1ܘܓܒܬ ] M 7a1 8a1 (no seyāme) 17e1 M 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1 10f1ܟܢܫܐ
lxxxii
15:4
15:5
15:6 15:7 15:8 15:9 15:10
15:11
15:12
Appendix 2: Variant Readings 15:13
15:14 16:1 16:2 16:3 16:4
16:5 16:6
16:7
16:8 71 72
lxxxiii
1o � ܟܠܝM 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] om seyāme 10f1 17a1 ܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܟܠ ܪܘ�ܒܢܝܬܐ ܕܝܣܪܝܠM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܝܣܪܝܠ 10f1 (homeotel) ܟܠܗܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܘܣܝܡܝܢM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܣܝܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ10f1 ܘܡܥܢܐM 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܥܢܐ8a1(vid) 71 ܿ ܒܬܘܕܝܬܗ M 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܬܘܕܝܬܗ7a1 ܿ 8a1(vid) 17a1 ܠܗM 7a1 ] lacking 10f1 : ܠܗ ܿ ܿ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐM 8a1 17a1 72 17e1 ] ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ 7a1 : ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ10f1 ܫܡܗM (no support) ] ܒܫܡܗ7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ܡܫܪܝܬܟM 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܫܪܝܬܐ7a1 10f1 17a1 ܒ�ܒܘܬܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] om seyāme 17a1 ܒܣܘܓܐܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ( )ܒܣܘܓܗܘܢ17e1 ] ܘܒܣܘܓܐܗܘܢ 10f1 ܐܡܪܘM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܘܐܡܪܘ8a1 17e1 ܠܡܘܒܕܘM 8a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܘܩܕܘ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܢܩܛܠM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܢܩܛܘܠ6f1 17a1 ̈ ܘܝܠܘܕܐ ܢܫܩܦ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ̈ M 7a1 ( )… ܘܠܝ�ܘܕܐ8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 6f1 17a1 ܐܒܗܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܐܘܒܕ17a1 � ܐܦM 10f1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 ̈ ܡܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܢܝ ̈ 10f1 ܒܢܝ ܡܚܐܘܗܝM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܡܚܘ ܐܢܘܢ10f1 � ܘܐܦM 6f1 7a1 8a1 ] � ܐܦ10f1 : ܘܐܦ17e1 ܓܒ�ܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܢܒ�ܐ10f1 ܒܩܘܡܬܐM 8a1 17e1 ] seyāme 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܫܠܚܬM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] pr waw 6f1 ܿ ܿ ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܐܪܡܠܘܬܗ ܐܪܡܠܘܬܗ ܡܐܢܝ ̈ ̈ܡܐܢܐ17a1 ̈ ܕܟܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܝܣܪܝܠ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܕܟܐܒܝܗܘܢ 10f1 ̈ ̈ ܒܒܣܡܐ M (no support) ] om seyāme 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 : ܒܣܡܐ 10f1 ܐܣܪܬM(vid) 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܣܪܬ10f1 ܿ ܠܡܛܥܝܘܬܗM 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܡܛܥܝܘܬܗ 6f1 : ܠܛܥܝܘܬܗ10f1
̈
86F
In worn or faded areas in 8a1, initial waw and initial dālath may look much alike. An abbreviation, which presumably equals M.
lxxxiv 16:9 16:10
16:11 16:12 16:13 16:14
16:16 16:17 16:18 16:19 16:20 16:21 16:22 16:23 16:24 16:25
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
ܚܛܦܘM 10f1 17a1 ] ܚܛܦ6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ܢܐܢܪܗM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] ܢܢܪܐ10f1 : ܢܝܙܪܗ17a1 ܦ�ܣܝܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܦܪܝܣܐ ̈ 6f1 : ܦ�ܝܝܩܐ17a1 ܿ ܡܪܚܘܬܗM 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܪܚܘܬܗ6f1 7a1 : uncertain 17a1 ܿ ܥܘܫܢܗM 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܥܘܫܢܗ 6f1 7a1 ܐܬܬܒܪܘM 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܬܒܪܘ7a1 : ܐܬܒܕܪܘ10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ̈ܡܟܟܝ10f1 ܡܟܝܟܝ ܘܐܪܝܡܘM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܪܝܡ6f1 ܘܐܬܬܒܪܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܐܬܒܪܘ10f1 ܐܒܕܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܘܐܒܕܘ17a1 �ܠܗܝM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] �ܠܗܐ6f1 17a1 ܟܠܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] lacking 17e1 ܐܪܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܪܥ10f1 ܡܛܠM 6f11 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܡܛܠ ܕܝܢ6f1* ܕܠܡܠܬܟM 8a1 17e1 ] ܕܠܘܩܒܠ ܡܠܬܟ6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܗܘM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 ̈ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] omit seyāmes 17a1 ̈ ܫ�ܡܐ ܠܝܩܕܐ ܠܡܪܝܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܡܢ ܡܪܝܐ6f1 17a1 ܘܢܐܩܕܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܘܢܐܒܕܘܢ17e1 ܒܪܘܫܥܐM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܢܘܪܐ10f1 ̈ ܘܕܒܚܐ ܠܡܪܝܐ M 8a1 17e1 ] transpose 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 ܘܝܗܒܬM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ] ܝܗܒܬ17e1 1o ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17e1 ] lacking 10f1 17a1 ܥܡܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] lacking 17a1 ܗܦܟܘM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܗܦܟ7a1 ܿ ܿ ܒܟܠܗ M 6f1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܠܟܠܗ7a1 ܓܒܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܓܒܪܐ10f1 ܟܠܗܘܢM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܒܟܠܗܘܢ10f1 ܕܐܬܝܐM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܕܐܬܝܐ ܗܘܬ6f1 17a1 ܒܒܝܬM 17e1 ] ܒܝܬ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 ܒܡܥܪܬܐM 6f1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] seyāme 7a1(vid) 17a1 ܠܟܠܗܘܢM 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ6f1 ܿ ܠܫܪܒܬܗ M 7a1 8a1 10f1 17e1 ] ܠܫܪܒܬܗ6f1 17a1 ܿ�ܡܗܬܗ ̈ M 6f1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܡܬܗ ̈ 7a1 : �ܡܗܬܗ ̈ 10f1 � ܘM 6f1 7a1 10f1 17a1 17e1 ] � ܕ8a1(vid) ܕܡܕܚܠM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܕܡܕܠܚ10f1 ̈ ܠܒܢܝ ܝܣܪܝܠ M 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] �ܝܣܪܝܠ10f1
Appendix 2: Variant Readings
lxxxv
1o ܝܘܡܬܐM (no support) ] ܝܘܡܬܗ6f1 7a1 8a1 10f1 17a1 17e1c (17e1* om) ܘܐܦ ܡܢ ܒܬܪM 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 ] ܐܦ � ܒܬܪ10f1 Whereas M has no subscription 6f1 7a1 8a1 17a1 17e1 add ܫܠܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ. ; 10f1 has ܫܠܡ ܠܡܟܬܒ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ.
̈
ܿ
̈
APPENDIX 3: NAMES Susanna and Judith are excluded from this Appendix, because no Hebrew text is extant. Haman’s 10 Sons (Esther 9:7–9) Esther 9:7 ܦܫܝܪܘܬMT פרשׁנדתא. ܕܠܟܘܢMT דלפון. ܐܣܦܘܬMT אספתא. 9:8 ܦܪܠܛMT פורתא. 1 ܕܠܝܐMT אדליא. ܕܝܪܬMT ארידתא. 9:9 ܦܪܣܡܘܬMT פרמשׁתא. ܕܝܣܝMT אריסי. ܐܕܪܝMT ארדי. ܙܘܬMT יזתא. 8F
Replacements Esther 2:5 ]ܡܢ ܫܒܛܐ ܕ[ܒܢܝܡܝܢ, MT )איש( ימיני, 2:14 ܫܢܓܫܓܫܝܪ, MT שׁעשׁגז. Initial Locations Additions P introduces an initial ܐ: Ruth 4:19 ܐܪܡMT רם, 22 ܐܝܫܝMT ישׁי. Deletions P omits an initial א: Esther 9:8 ܕܠܝܐMT אדליא, 9 ܕܝܣܝMT אריסי. P omits an initial י: Esther 9:9 ܙܘܬMT יזתא. Replacements P reads ܐfor י: Esther 2:6 ܐܘܪܫܠܡMT ירושלם. 1
See Introduction. Appendix 2, Esther 9:8.
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Appendix 3: Names
P reads ܒfor כ: Esther 1:14 ܒܪܢܫMT כרשׁנא. P reads ܫfor שׂ: Ruth 4:20 � ܫMT שׂלמה. Transpositions (initial and following consonant) P transposes ḥēth and rīsh: Esther 1:10 ܪܚܒܘܢܐMT חרבונא, 7:9 ܪܚܒܘܢܐMT חרבונה. P transposes a medial nun and shin in Esther 1:14 ܒܪܢܫMT כרשׁנא. Medial Locations Additions P adds a medial ܘ: Esther 1:1 ܗܘܕMT הֹדו, 10 ܐܒܘܓܬܐMT אבגתא, 14 ܐܪܡܘܬ MT אדמתא, 2:5 ܡܘܪܕܟܝMT מרדכי, 6 ܝܘܟܢܝܐMT יכניה, 9:7 ܐܣܦܘܬMT אספתא, 9:9 ܙܘܬ, MT יזתא, Ruth 4:22 ܐܘܒܝܕMT עבד. P adds a medial ܝ: Esther 2:7 ܐܣܬܝܪMT אסתר, Ruth 1:2 ܡܠܝܘܢMT מחלון, 4:11 ܪܚܝܠMT רחל, 17 ܐܘܒܝܕMT עובד, 22 ܕܘܝܕMT דוד. P adds a medial ܥ: Ruth 1:4 ܪܥܘܬMT רות. Deletions P omits a medial א: Esther 2:6 ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪMT נבוכדנאצר. P omits a medial ו: Esther 1:1 ܐܚܫܝܪܫMT אחשׁורושׁ. P omits a medial ח: Ruth 1:2 ܡܠܝܘܢMT מחלון. P omits a medial י: Esther 2:6 ܐܘܪܫܠܡMT ירושלים, 15 אביחיל. P omits a medial מ: Ruth 4:20 � ܫMT שׂלמה.
ܐܒܝܚܠ
MT
Replacements P reads ܝfor א: Ruth 2:12 ܝܣܪܝܠMT ישׂראל, 4:11 ܠܝܐ, MT לאה. P reads ܝfor ו: Esther 1:1 ܐܚܫܝܪܫMT אחשׁורושׁ. P reads ܟfor פ: Esther 9:7 ܕܠܟܘܢMT דלפון. P reads ܕfor ר: Esther 9:9 ܕܝܣܝMT אריסי. P reads ܥfor מ: Esther 1:14 ܡܥܘܟܢMT ממוכן. P reads ܪfor ד: Esther 1:14 ܐܪܡܘܬMT אדמתא. Transpositions P transposes a medial dālath and rīsh: Esther 9:9 ܐܕܪܝMT ארדי. P transposes a medial waw with rīsh: Esther 2:6 ܐܘܪܫܠܡMT ירושלים. P transposes a medial waw yūdh rīsh with rīsh yūdh dālath: Esther 9:8 ܕܝܪܐ MT ארידתא.
Appendix 3: Names
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Final Locations Deletions P omits a final א: Esther 1:14 ܐܪܘܡܬ, MT אדמתא, 3:1 ܗܡܕܬMT המדתא, 6:2 ܒܓܬܢMT בגתנא, 9:7 ܐܣܦܘܬMT אספתא, ܙܘܬMT יזתא. P omits a final ה: Esther 2:7 ܗܕܣMT הדסה. P omits a final ו: Esther 1:1 ܗܘܕMT הֹדו. P omits a final נא: Esther 1:14 ܒܪܫMT כרשׁנא. Additions P adds a final ܐ: Esther 1:14 ܡܪܣܐMT מרס. Replacements P reads a final ܐfor a final ה: Esther 2:6 ܝܘܟܢܝܐMT יכניה, ܝܗܘܕܐMT יהודה, 7:9 ܪܚܒܘܢܐ, MT חרבונה, Ruth 1:4 ܥܪܦܐ, MT ערפה, Ruth 4:11 ܠܝܐ, MT לאה, ܐܦܪܬܐ MT אפרתה. P reads a final ܝfor a final א: Esther 2:3 ܗܓܝMT הגא. P reads a final ܢfor a final ך: Esther 4:5 ܗܬܢMT התך.
BIBLIOGRAPHY LEXICA AND DICTIONARIES
A Greek-English Lexicon (1975), founded on the work of H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, 7th ed., Oxford: Clarendon. Koehler, L. and W. Baumgartner (1994), The MT and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, revised by W. Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill. Payne Smith, J. (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon. Payne Smith, R. (1879), Thesaurus Syriacus. Oxford: Clarendon. Sokoloff, M. (2009), A Syriac Lexicon. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press and Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
REFERENCE TEXTS
List of Old Testament Peshiṭta Manuscripts (Preliminary Issue) (1961), ed. by the Peshiṭta Institute, Leiden University. Leiden: Brill. David, C.J. (2010), The Syriac Bible According to the Mosul Edition, Vol. 2, Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Rahlfs, A. (1979), Septuaginta, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
GENERAL INTEREST
Albreckson, B (1963), Studies in the text and theology of the Book of Lamentations with a critical edition of the Peshitta text. STL 21. Lund, CWK Gleerup. Bright, J. (1988), A History of Israel, 3rd ed., SCM. Carbajosa, I. (2008), The Character of the Syriac Version of Psalms, MPIL 17. Leiden: Brill. Greenberg, G. (2002), Translation Technique in the Peshiṭta to Jeremiah, MPIL 13. Leiden: Brill. Lieu, J.M. (2002), Neither Jew nor Greek?, London: T & T Clark. Lieu, J., J. North, and T. Rajak (eds.) (1992), The Jews among Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire, London: Routledge. Murray, R. (2006), Symbols of Church and Kingdom, A Study in Early Syriac Tradition, revised ed., London: T & T Clark.
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Bibliography
Rignell, Gösta (1994), The Peshitta to the Book of Job : critically investigated with introduction, translation, commentary and summary; ed. by Karl-Eric Rignell. Kristianstad [Sweden] : Monitor. Tully, Eric J. (2015), The Translation and Translator of the Peshitta of Hosea, Monographs of the Peshitta Institute Amsterdam 21. Leiden: Brill. Walter, D.M. (2008), Studies in the Peshiṭta of Kings, T&S3 7. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. Weitzman, M. P. (1999), The Syriac Version of the Old Testament. An Introduction, UCOP 56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
TEXT AND TRANSLATION
Judith Ch.
And Judith brought Elparna’s possessions, and the mosquito net which she had taken from the bedchamber, and dedicated them 1 to the Lord. The people rejoiced in Jerusalem, before the sanctuary, for a whole month. 2 Judith remained there with them, in Jerusalem. After that, 3 each man returned to his own tent, and Judith went to Beth-palu, to her property. She was honored throughout the whole country.
Many yearned to take her; but no man knew her, for the rest of her life, from the day when her husband Menashe died.
As long as she lived 4 she was greatly honored, she rose 5 to high honor; she grew old in the her husband Menashe’s house. She was one hundred and five years old when she died, in Beth-palu. She was buried in the cave with her husband Menashe.
The whole house of Israel mourned for her, for seven days. She had divided up her wealth before her death, to all the relatives of her husband Menashe, and to those who were her own relatives, and she gave her maids their liberty, 6
Not again was there anyone who frightened the Israelites, throughout Judith’s lifetime — and for a long time after her death.
‘dedicated them’: lit. ‘gave them as a votive offering’. ‘whole month’: lit. ‘month of days’. 3 ‘that’: lit. ‘these days’. 4 ‘lived’: lit. ‘was coming’. 5 ‘she rose’: lit. ‘until she rose’. 6 ‘gave her maids their liberty’: lit. ‘left her maids freed women’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ ܟܓ
ܟܕ
ܟܗ
ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܽ ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ̈ ܰܘ ݁ ـܬ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ ܝܛ ܳ ܐܝܬܝܰـ ݂ ݀ ܘܢــܐ. ـܬ ܡـܢ ܩ ـܬܐ ݂ܕܢܣܒـ ݂ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ݂ .ܘܟܠـ ݂ ܘܕܝـ ݂ ـܬ ܳܡ ܰܐ�ـ ̱ ܪܡܐ ܳ ܬ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܚ ܳ ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܗܒ ݂ ݀ ܠܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ. ܺ ܶ ܩܕ ܳܫܐ ܺ� ܰܪܚ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܰ .ܘ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ ܰܘ ܰ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܝـܬ ܘܕ ݂ ܗܘܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܚ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ :ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܺ ܶ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ. ܩܘܝ ݂ܬ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܬܡܢ ܒ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢܰ ݂ : ܫܟܢܶـܗܰ .ܘ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ ܗܦ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܰ ܝـܬ ܶܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠـ ݂ ݀ ܠܡ ݁ ܬ ܘܕ ݂ ܘܡܢ ܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܝـܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܡܝ ܳ ܶ ܩܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐܳ ܝܬ ܩ ܳܢ� ܳܢ ̇ܗܰ .ܘ ܳ ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܝܬ ݁ܦܠܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ـܗ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ـܪ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶـܐܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܓ ܰܪܓـ ̱ܘ ܶ ܰ ܠܡܣ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ .ܘ� ܰܚ ݂ܟ ܳܡـ ̇ ـܗܘܢ ܰܝ ـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ݂ ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗܶ :ܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ ܝܬ ܰ ܥ� ̇ܗ. ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܡ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܝـܬܗ ܬ ܛـ ݂ܒ .ܘܣܐ ݂ܒـ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܒ ܘ ݂ܟܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ�ܐ :ܡܐܪ ݂ܒ ܝܪ ܒܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ :ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܝܪ ܒـ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܫ� ̈ܝـܢܺ . ܥ� ̇ܗܰ .ܘ ܳ ܘܚ ܶܡـܫ ܺ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ ܳܡـܐܐ ܰ ܝـܬ ܦܠـܘ. ܘܡ ݂ ܝـܬ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܳ ܡܢ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒܡܥܰ ݂ܪܬܐ ܥܰܡ ܰ ܥ� ̇ܗ. ܶ ̇ ܶ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܰ ݂ . ܝܬ ܺܐ ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ݂ ܶ ܠܓـ ݂ ݀ ܘܦ ݂ܰ ܐܒܠ ܥܠ ܬ ܢܶ ݂ܟ ܶܣ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ ܝܗ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܶ ـܗ :ܘ�ܝܠܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ :ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܩ�ܝ ݂ܒܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܡܢܫܐ ݂ܒܥ� ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܬ � ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ܺܚܐ � ܐ. ܠܫܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ .ܘܫ ݂ܒܩ ݂ ܽ ܰ ̈ܰ ܺ ܳܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ ܝـܬ. ܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܰܕ ܶܚܠ ܠ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ ܘܕ ݂ ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ :ܟ�ـܗܘܢ ܝـܘܡ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ.
Judith Ch.
The Persians trembled at her boldness; the Medes were broken by her strength.
Then my humble ones shouted for joy, his sick cried out and fell: they raised their voice, but were broken. They stabbed them, as if they were young women; they slew them, like rebellious servants. They perished, as if by the army 1 of our Lord God. I will praise my God with a new song of praise. Mighty Lord, you are great, worthy of praise, a mighty man in battle, invincible.
All peoples will serve you, all the earth will be subjugated to you — your creation, for you spoke and it came to be — you set them in good order and they were (so) established, there is none who will oppose your word.
Mountains and their seas 2 will tremble from their depths, rocks melt like wax in your presence. But you will spare those who revere 3 you.
Though no sacrifice is sufficient for 4 a sweet savor, and even all the fat would not be enough 5 for the burnt offerings: but he who fears the Lord has always been under his protection. 6
Woe to the people who oppose my people — the mighty Lord will be avenged on them: on the day of judgment he will take vengeance on them, he will exact (vengeance) from them. He will consign their flesh to fire, to the worm; they will burn in wickedness forever. When she came to Jerusalem and worshipped the Lord, when the people were purified, when they brought their burnt offerings and sacrifices to the Lord unceasingly,
‘army’ or ‘retinue’. A different Syriac word from that in e.g. Judith 16:5 and previous verses. 2 ‘Mountains and their seas’: lit. ‘The mountains from their foundations with their waters’. 3 ‘revere’: lit. ‘fear’. 4 ‘though no sacrifice is sufficient for’: lit. ‘for little is all sacrifice for’. 5 ‘even all the fat would not be enough’: lit. ‘inadequate is all fat’. 6 ‘under his protection’: lit. ‘multiplied to him’. 1
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܝܚ
ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܘܡ ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܥܘܫܢܶܗ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ. ܳܙܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ܳܪ ܽܚ ݂ܘܬܗ: ܝܗܝܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘܰ :ܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ̱ܘ ܳܩ ܽ ܝܕܝܢ ܝܰ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ .ܘܩܥܰܘ ݁ܟ ܺ� ܰ ܳܗ ݁ ܶ �ܗܘܢܶ :ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ. ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܰ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓܫ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢܰ .ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ�ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܳܡ ܽ�ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ .ܐ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ. ܝܬܗ ܕܡ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܡܢ ܡܫܪ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܝܠܬ ܳܢـܐܰ :ܪ ݁ܒ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܬ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܺܒܝـܚ: ܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ � ܳܠـܗ ̱ܝ ܬܫܒـ ܘܚܬܐ ܚـ ݂ܕܬܐ .ܡܪ�ـܐ ܚ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܘܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝ� :ܘ� ܶܡ ݁ܙܕ ݂ ܶܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ. ݂ܰ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܺ ܳ �ܚܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ. ܝـܬ ݂ܟ ܘܠـ ݂ܟ ܬܫܬܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܟ�ـܗ ܐܪܥـܐ .ܒܪ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ܪܬ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܬ ݂ܟ ܗܘܘܰ .ܘܣ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܪܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ܰܝܡ ̱ܘ .ܘܠܝܬ ܡܢ ܕܠܡ ݂ ܽܢܩܘܡ. ܽ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܘܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܦ ܽ ܐܣ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܢܙ ܽ ܬ ܰ ܫܪܘܢ ܛ ܘ� ܐ ܡ ܢ ܫ ݂ ܘܥܘܢ .ܘܫܘܥܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܫܥ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ̈ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ .ܘܥܠ ܕܚܠܝ ݁ܟ ܬܚܣܐ. ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܚܬܐ ܺ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ ܙܥ ܳ ـܘܬܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ܺܨܝـܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܬܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ �ܪܝܫ ܣ ܘܪ�ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܟܠ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܐܝܢܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܚܠ ܳ �ܝ ̈ܩ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡܐܰ .ܘ ܳ ܠܡ ܳ ܰ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠܙ ݂ ܰܒܢ. ܪ�ܐܰ .ܪ ݁ܒ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܶܡ ܽ ܢـܗܘܢ݁ .ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ܡܝ ܶ .ܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂ ܳܘܝ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܶܐܡ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ̱ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ݁ܶ ݂ܕ݂ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ .ܘܢܶ ܽ ܠܬ ܳ ܬܠ ݁ ܶܒ ܽ ܘ�ܥـܐ. ܣܥܘܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ .ܘܢ ܣـܪܗܘܢ �ܢـܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ ܐܩܕܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܫ ܳܥܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܳ ܺܘܢ ݁ ܽ �ܥܠܰܡ. ܰ ܶ݁ ݁ ܰ݁ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ ܗܘܐ ܕ ܰܟܕ ܶܐ ܳܬܬ݀ ܽ� ܺ ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܳ ܠܡ ܳ ܘܪܫܠܶܡܰ :ܘ ܶ ܐܝܬܝـܘ ܪ�ـܐ :ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ܕ ܐܬܕܟـܝ ܥܡـܐ :ܘ ܰܘ ܳ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܩܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡܐܶ ݂ : ܝܰ ݁ ܰ ܝܬ. ܘܕ ݂ܒ ̈ܶܚܐ ܠܡ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ ݂
Judith Ch.
Chapter Judith’s thanksgiving 1
Judith said: Praise the Lord with tambourines, sing to him with cymbals, praise him with a new praise, exalt him, call on his name.
You are God, who brings wars to an end. 2 Lord, you set your camp in the midst of your people, to save them from the hand of their oppressors.
The Assyrian came from the mountains of the north: he came with myriads of his army, in their multitude they choked up the rivers, their horses covered the heights. They threatened 3 to destroy my borders, to slay my youths with the sword, to dash the infants to the ground, to take the boys into captivity, (to take) the virgins as spoil.
The Mighty Lord deceived them, by the hand of a woman he put them to shame. For it was not the youths who felled their mighty ones, 4 nor did the children of the powerful strike a blow against him, nor did giants 5 lay them low — but Judith, the daughter of Merari, beguiled him with her beauty. 6
She laid aside her widow’s apparel 7 for the glory of the suffering of Israel. She anointed her face with perfume. She bound her tresses in a net, put on her long clothes, so as to lead him astray.
Her sandals caught his eye, her beauty captured his soul — her scimitar severed his neck. ‘Judith’s Thanksgiving’: lit. ‘The Hymn/Praise of Judith’. ‘brings wars to their end’: lit. ‘shatters wars’. 3 ‘threatened’: lit. ‘said’. 4 ‘it was not the youths who felled their mighty ones’: lit. ‘it was not from the youths that their mighty ones fell’. 5 ‘giants’: lit. ‘men tall in height’. 6 ‘her beauty’: lit. ‘beauty of her face’. 7 ‘widow’s apparel’: lit. ‘garments of her widowhood’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝܘ.
݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܘܚܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ ܝܬ ܬܫܒ ܘܕ ݂ ܶ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܬܰ .ܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ ̱ܘ ܳ ܠܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ̈ܦܠ ܰ ݁ ܶܓܐܰ .ܙܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ݁ܒ ܺ̈ܨ ܨ�ܰ .ܫ ݁ ܰܒܚ ̱ܘ ܶܠـܗ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ܳ ܶ ܳ ܘܚܬܐ ܚ ܰܕ ݁ܬܐܰ . ܘܗܝܰ :ܘ ܰ ܘܪ ܽ ܩܪܘ ܶ ܫܡܗ. ݁ܬܫ ݁ ܽܒ ݁ ݂ ܡܪܡ ̱ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܫܪܝـ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ. ܡܫ ܶܚܩ ܩ� ݂ܒـܐ .ܡܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕܣܡـܬ ܡ ܠܡ ݂ܦ ܰܪܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܺܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܳܕ ܽ ܶ ܐܠ ܰ ܘܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ. ݂ ܶܐ ܳܬܐ ܳܐ ܽܬ ܳ ܘܪ ܳ�ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܛܘ ܰ�ܝ ݁ ܰܓܪ ݁ܒ ܳܝܐܶ .ܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݁ܒ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶـܗ݁ .ܒ ܽܣـܘܓ ܽ ܐܗܘܢ ܣ ݂ ܰܟـܪ ̱ܘ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܰ ̈ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܢܚ� .ܘ� ݂ܟܫܗܘܢ ܟܣܝܘ �ܡ ݂ܬܐ. ܠܓـ ݁ ܽ ̈ܕܘ݂ ܰܕܝ ܢ ܰܩ ܶܛـܠ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ .ܘܝܰ ܽ� ̈ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ܰ ܠܡܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝܰ .ܘ ܰ ـܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܢܫ ܶܩ ݂ـܦ ݂ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܬܠ ܶ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ .ܘܛ�ܝܐ ܢ ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ̈ܘ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ. ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܛܠܰܡ ܐ ܽܢܘܢܺ ݁ .ܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܗ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ. ܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܘܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܝܠܬ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ .ܐ ݂ܦـ� ܶܡـܢ ݁ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ̈ـܐ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܚ ݂ ܡܛ ܽܠ ܕ� ̱ܗܘ ܳܐ ܡܢ ܓܕ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܶܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܺ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܺ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܝܬ ܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ ܘܡܬܐ ܐܪܡܝ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ .ܐ� ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܘܗܝܳ .ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ݂ܕܪܡܝܢ ܒܩ ݂ ܡܚܐ ̱ ܳܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ̈̇ ܰ݁ ܶ ܠܬܗ. ܡܪܪܝ :ܒܫ ݂ܘܦܪ ܐ ݂ܕܐܦܝܗ ܫܕ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܟܐ ݂ ܰܒـ ̈ܘܗܝ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ ܫܚ ݂ ݀ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠܶ .ܡ ܰ ـܬ ܠܬܫܒـ ܫ�ܚ ݂ ܬ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ݂ : ̱ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܒ ݂ܒܣܡܐ. ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܽ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܬܐܶ . ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܰܫ ݂ ݀ ܝܓ ܛ� ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ. ܬ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬ ̇ܝܗ ܠܡ ܐܣܪ ݂ܬ ܓ ݂ܕܘ�ܝܗ ܒܣܪ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ̈̇ ܰ ܐܢܪܗ ܰܨ ܶ ܘܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗ݁ .ܦ ܰܣܩ ܺܢ ܶ ܚܛ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܘ ̱ܗܝܽ . ܘܪܗ. ܘܡܣ�ܝܗ
Judith Ch.
When she came out to them, they gathered around her, all together, and said: You are the pride 1 of Jerusalem, the boast of Israel, the glory of our people.
For you did all these (deeds) by your hands, you have done good to Israel: the Lord was well pleased with this. You will be blessed 2 by the mighty Lord forever. All the people said: Amen, amen. For three days, the people thoroughly searched the Assyrian camp. They gave Judith Elparna’s tent, and all its furniture, 3 his bed, his cattle, and his equipment. She took them, and loaded the mules, yoked her heifers and loaded 4 them with the baggage. 5 All the women of Israel ran to her and gathered around her. They chose from them a group of praise-singers. She took palm branches in her hand, and gave them to the women who were with her.
She set on her head a crown of olive (leaves), she and her companions; all the noblemen of the house of Israel came, and all the noble women of Israel. All the Israelites came with them as they prepared themselves 6 and set crowns (on their heads). They sang praises. 7 Judith shouted aloud her thanksgiving, to all Israel, and all the people joined in 8 the praise of the Lord.
‘pride’: lit. ‘height’. ‘You will be blessed’ or ‘May you be blessed’. 3 ‘all its furniture’: lit. ‘all the contents/articles of his tent’. 4 ‘loaded’: lit. ‘set on’. 5 ‘the baggage’: lit. ‘them’. 6 ‘prepared themselves’: lit. ‘were equipping’. 7 ‘They sang praises’: lit. ‘Praise was in their mouth’. 8 ‘joined in’: lit. ‘answered’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ
ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ
�ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ ݁ :ܟ ݁ ܽ ܘܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ـܬ ̱ܝ ܺ ̱ܗܝ ܰܪ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ̱ܘܰ :ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܬ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܘ ܰ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀ ܘܡ ̇ ܪܟ ̇ ـܗ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ܶ ܶ ܘܚܬܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܰܡܢ. ݁ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ :ܘܫܘ ݂ܒܗܪܗ ܕ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ݂ :ܘܬܫ ݂ܒ ܰ ܰ ݁݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳܶ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ. �ܗܝــܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟ ـ ̱ܝ .ܘܥ ݂ܒ ـܕܬ ̱ܝ ܛ ݂ܒ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܥــܡ ܐ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ ܳ �ܥܠܰܡ ܳܥ ܺ ܪ�ܐ݂ .ܘܬ ܶ ܶܘܐܨ ܛ ݂ ܺܒܝ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܳ �ܡܝـܢ. ܗܘܝܢ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܠܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ .ܐ ܺܡܝܢ ܰܘ ܺ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܝܢ. ܰܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܥܪܝــܢ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܰܡ ܺ ܗܘܘ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ܺ ܰܘ ܰ ـܬܐ ܰܝ ـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ. ܫܪܝـ ݂ ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘ��ܶــܐ :ܥ ݂ܕܡــܐ ܠ ݂ܬܠـ ݂ ܫܟܢܶܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܫܟܢܶـܗ :ܘܥܰ ܶ ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܺܠܝ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ �ܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܪܣـܗ: ܘܕ ݂ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥܺܝـ ܶ ـܪܗܳ : ܬ ܳ ܘܡ ܰܐ� ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ .ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܰܒ ـ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀ ـܬ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰ� ـ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ .ܘ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ܕ ܰܢـ ݂ ݀ ـܬ ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܬ ܐܢܶܝܢ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ. ܥ ܶ ݂̈ܓܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ :ܘܣܡ ݂ �ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ� ݁ ܳܟـ ̇ܗܰ .ܘܓ ݁ ܰܒـ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ܶ �ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܰܘ� ܶܗܛ ̱ܝ ܳ ܢܗܝـܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ ܢܫـܐ ݂ ܰ ܰ݁ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܬ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܟܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ̈ܩ ܶ� ݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܳܕ ̇ܗ .ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܗܒ ݂ ݀ ܬܐ .ܘܢܶܣ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܬ �ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ. ݂ܕܡܫܒܚ�ܝ ݂ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܝܬܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܳ ܝܫ ̇ܗ ܺܗܝ ܘܣܡ ݂ܬ ܟ��� ݂ܕܙ ܝـܬ ܘܚ ݂ܒـ� ݂ܬ ̇ܗܶܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܺ ܳܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ ܡܗܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠܳ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܥܰ ܶ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢܝ̈ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܺ ܳ ܘܣ ܺ ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦ ܽ ܝܡܝܢ ݁ܟ� ̈��݂ .ܘܬܫ ݁ ܽܒ ݁ ܡܙ ܺܝܢܝܢ ܺ ܺܐܝܣܪܐܝܠܰ ݁ :ܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܘܡܗܘܢ. ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠܳ . ܝـܬ ̇ܗ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܶـܗ ܺܐ ܳ ܘ�ܢܶـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠـܗ ܝܬ ܒ ݂ܬܘܕ ݂ ܘܡܥܢܝ ܶܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂ ݁ܽ ݁ ܶ ܘܚܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ. ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܬܫܒ
Judith Ch.
Chapter
When those in the tents heard, they wondered what could have 1 happened.
Fear and trembling fell upon them. No-one waited for his companion, but turned away: they all fled, by every path through the plains and the mountains.
Those who were living in the mountains and in the fortified areas (also) took to flight. 2 Then the Israelites went out against them, all the fighting men, they were poured out upon 3 them. Uziah sent, throughout the borders of 4 Israel, to tell them what had happened, and that they should all go forth against the enemies and strike them down.
When the Israelites heard, they fell upon them, all together; they slaughtered them, (reaching as far as) Hoba. So too did the inhabitants 5 of Jerusalem, who came from all the mountains (roundabout), for all that had been done to the camp of their enemies had been reported to them; and those in Gelad and Galilee went out to (join) them. They struck a great blow against them, they passed beyond Damascus and its borders. The rest of the inhabitants of Beth-palu fell upon the Assyrian camp; they despoiled it, they took captive(s), they grew very rich.
The Israelites returned from battle, and took control of the rest of the cities in the mountains and the plains. They took a great deal of spoil. The high priest Joiakim came, and the elders of Israel who lived in Jerusalem, to speak peace with Judith.
‘could have’: lit. ‘indeed had’. ‘took to flight’: lit. ‘put to flee’. 3 ‘poured upon’: possible ISC of an original ܢܣܒ. See Introduction. Addendum 2. 4 ‘throughout the borders of’ or ‘within the territory of’. 5 ‘inhabitants’: lit. ‘children/sons’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܝܗ.
ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫ ܰܡܥ ̱ܘ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶܐܶ :ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ ܗܘܐ. ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ـܬ ܥܠܰܝـ ܽ ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠܰـ ݂ ݀ ـܬܐ .ܘ� ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݁ܬܪ ܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܶܒ ـܗ .ܐ� ـܬܐ ܘ ݂ܪܬܝـ ܽ ݂ ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܕܚܠـ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶܐܬ ܶ ܥܪܩ ̱ܘ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐܘ� ܳܚܢ݁ :ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܛܘ� ܐ. ܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ :ܘ ݂ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܰܘܐܝܠܶܝــܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܠܡܥـ ܰ ܫܪܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒܛــܘ� ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ� ݂ ܺܟܝــܢܳ :ܣܡ ـ ̱ܘ ܶ ـܪܩܳ . ܘܗ ݁ ܶ ܝܕܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܰ ܽ ݁ܽ ܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݂ ܰ ܺܐ ܳ ܢܣ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܬܢܶܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܶ ܝܗܘܢ. ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ :ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܽ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܽܥ ܺ ܰ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ݁ .ܕ ܰܢ ݁ܘܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܥܰـܠ ܳܡـܐ ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ܠ ݂ܟ�ـܗܘܢ ܬܚܘܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܶ ݂ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫܰ :ܘ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ̈ �ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܐ :ܘܢܶܚܪ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ. ݂ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܺ �ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ ܢܦܠـ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܝܣܪܐܝܠܽ ݁ :ܟ ܽ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܡܩܛܠܝـܢ ܝـܗܘܢ .ܘ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ̈ ܽ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܘܪܫܠܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܛܘ�ܝܢ. ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠܚܘ ݂ܒܐ .ܗ ݂ܟܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܦ ܒܢܝ ܐ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܐܫܬ ܰܡܥ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ. �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠܡܫܪ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ �ܥ ݂ܕ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܓܠ ܺ ܳܝ�ܰ ݂ : ܰܘܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܓ ܳ ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ـܘܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܝܗܘܢ .ܘ ܡܚܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܡܚ ݂ ݂ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ ܪܡܣܘܩ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ̇ ܝܗ. ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽܘܰ ݂ . ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕ ܝـܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ ܘ ݂ ܰܒـܙ �ܘ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒـܘ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܡܫܪ ݂ ܥܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݂ܳ ܥܬܪ ̱ܘ ܛ ݂ܒ. ܘ ݂ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ܳ ܪܟܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܒܛܘ� ܐ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܢ ܩܪ ݂ܒܐ .ܘ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܝܐܬܐ. ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܩܥ ݂ܬܐ .ܘܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܒ ݂ܙܬܐ ܣܓ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ :ܘ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒـܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ ܐܬܐ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ ܡܪܝـܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ: ܘ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܺ ܝܬ. ܠܡܡܠܠܘ ܫ�ܡܐ ܥܡ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ ݂
Judith Ch.
He entered the tent which Judith had occupied — but he did not find her. He went out to the people and said to them:
The servants have deceived their lord, and this one Hebrew woman has brought this disgrace on 1 the house of Nebuchadnezzar. For See! Elparna lies headless on the ground.
When the Assyrian commanders in chief heard his words they tore their tunics and were very afraid, in the midst of the camp.
1
‘brought this disgrace on’: lit. ‘made this disgrace in’.
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ
ـܗܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܳ ܢܦـܩ ܳ ܘܥܰܠ ܰ ܝܟܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܳ ܝـܬܳ :ܘ� ܶܐ ݁ ܠܡ ݁ ܫܟ ܳܚ ̇ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܪ�ـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ �ܗܘܢ. ܰ ̈ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܝـܬܗ ܛܠܰܡ ̱ܘ ܥ ݂ܒܕ ܐ ܡ�ܝܗܘܢ .ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܒܗܬ ݂ܬܐ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܐ ܡܢ ܥ ݂ܒ��ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ܪܥܐܺ : ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܝܫܗ ܺ ܪܡܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ ܘܪ ܶ ܫܩܝܠ ܶܡܢܶܗ. ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ݁ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܺ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ ݀ ܘܬܝ ̈� ܳܝ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܶ :ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܡ�ܘ ̱ܗܝ � ܒـܝ ܚ�ـ� ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ :ܨܪܝـܘ ܟـ ـܬ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܝܬܐ. ܫܗܘܢ ܛ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܡܫܪ ݂
Judith Ch.
XVII
Now, tell me all that you did during those days. She told 1 him all that she had done, from the day when she went out until the day when she spoke with them. When she finished speaking the people cried out aloud, and the sound of rejoicing was heard in their city.
When Ahiod saw all that God had done for Israel, he believed in God. He circumcised himself, and joined 2 the people of the house of Israel, until the present day. When dawn broke 3 they hung Elparna’s head outside the wall. Each took up his weaponry; 4 they went out, camp by camp, 5 to the way up in the mountains. When the sons of Assyria saw them they sent to their noblemen, to the captains of thousands, to all their leaders.
They went to Elparna’s tent. They said to Boga who was in charge of all his affairs: Go in! Wake our lord! For men have ventured to descend upon us to give battle — they will be wiped out. 6 So Boga came, and knocked at the entrance 7 of the tent, for he thought that he was sleeping with Judith. But when no-one answered him he opened (the tent flap) and went in to the bedchamber. He found Elparna lying naked and headless 8 —
He cried out aloud, wept and groaned, 9 and with a great cry he tore his clothes. ‘tell … told’: two different Syriac roots. ‘joined’: lit. ‘was added to’. 3 ‘broke’: lit. ‘came up’. 4 ‘weaponry’: lit. ‘the articles of his weapons’. 5 ‘camp by camp’ or ‘to/by a camp’. (The text could instead mean that they went up into an Assyrian camp.) 6 ‘be wiped out’: lit. ‘perish forever’. 7 ‘entrance’: lit ‘court’. 8 ‘headless’: lit. ‘his head taken from him’. Similarly Judith 14:20. 9 ‘wept and groaned’: lit. ‘with weeping and with groans’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܨܚ ܝܙ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܝܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ ܥܝ ݂ ݀ ܐܫܬ ܰ ܥܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ .ܘ ܬ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܰܚ ܳܘܐ ̱ ܬ ܥܰ ܽ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ܶ :ܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ �ܝ ܳ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܬ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ ܡܗܘܢ. ܡܡܠܳܠܽܘ :ܩܥܰܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐܶ .ܘ ݁ ܬ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܰ �ܝ ݂ ݀ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܰ ܐܫܬ ܰܡـܥ ܳܩـܠ ܳ ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܝܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܐܠ ܳܗܐܰ .ܘܓ ܰܙܪ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܺ� ܳ ݂ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝܶܠܰ :ܗ ܶ ܚܙ ܐ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝ ݂ܘܕ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ ܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܕ ܽܥ ܽ ܝܬ ܐ ܳ �ܝ ܳ ܘܪܠ ݂ܘܬܗܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݂ ܰ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ. ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ݂ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܠ ܰܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܽܫ ܳ ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ـܘܪ ܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ݂ܰ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܣܠܶܩ ܰܫ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ݁ :ܬ ܰܠܘ ܺܪ ܶ ܫܩܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܳܡܐ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܰܙܝܢܶܗܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܠܡ ܺ ܝܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ܳ ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܰ ܣܩ ܳܢܐ ݁ܕܛܘ� ܐ. ܫܪ ݂ ܰ ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܚܙܘ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪܰ :ܫ ݁ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢ :ܘܥܰـܠ ܰ� ݁ ܰܒـܝ ܐ ̈ܠ ݂ ܶܦـܐ: ܺ ܳ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܫܠܝܛ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ. ܶ ܽ ܫܟܢܶــܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܘܓـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩــܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܐܠܦܪܢــܐ .ܘܐܡــܪ ̱ܘܽ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ܳ ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܶܗܽ .ܥܘܠ ܰܐܥܺ ܳ ܠܡ ܰܪܢܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܐܡܪܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܶ ܝܪܝ ̱ܗܝ ܳ ܠܡ ܰܚ ݂ܬ ܥܠܰܝـܢ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ݁ :ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܳ ܰܠ ܳ �ܥܠܰܡ. ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ܳ ܽ ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܝـܬ ܘܓܐ .ܘܢܩܫ ܒ ݂ܕ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܡ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܘܐܙܠ ܒ ݂ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ. ܰ ܽ ܰ ܐܫܟ ܶܚܗ ܶ� ݂ ܰ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܳ ܝܛ ܳ ܘܢܐܶ .ܘ ݁ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܥܢܝ ̱ܗܝ݁ :ܦ ݂ܬܚ :ܘܥܰܠ ܠܩ ܰ ܶ ܪܛܠܺ . ܝܫܗ ܺ ܘܪ ܶ ܫܩܝܠ ܶܡܢܶܗ. ܥ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ܰܨ ܺܪܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܰ ܘܫ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ. ܘ ݂ܓܥܐ ݂ܒܩ� ܪܡܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܢܚ ݂ܬܐ .ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂
Judith Ch.
Chapter
Judith said to them: Listen to me, my brothers. Take this head, hang it high up 1 on the wall.
Then, when dawn breaks 2 and the sun rises over the earth, each shall take up his weapons of war. Then you will out, every fighting man, outside the city. You will appoint a chief over you, and you will go out as if into the plain to attack the first guard-post of the sons of Assyria. And you will not go down.
Then they will take up their weapons and go to their camp, and rouse their commanders. They will run to Elparna’s tent, but they will not find him. Fear will fall on them, they will flee before you. And you will go, all who live within Israel’s border, 3 you will strike (them) down, lay them low in their tracks. 4
But before you do this, 5 call Ahiod the Ammonite, so that he will see and recognize him who despised 6 those of the house of Israel and sent him to us as to death. So they summoned Ahiod, from Uziah’s house. When he came, and saw Elparna’s head, in the hands of one of the men in the crowd of people, he fell on his face, he collapsed. 7
When they took him, raised him up, he fell at Judith’s feet and made obeisance before her, and said to her: Blessed are you, among all my people. Your fame 8 will be heard and be revered. 9
‘high up’: lit. ‘on the upper part’. ‘dawn breaks’: lit. ‘when morning dawns’. 3 ‘within Israel’s border’ or ‘within the territory of Israel’. 4 ‘their tracks’: lit. ‘the ways’. 5 ‘this’: lit. ‘these things’. 6 ‘despised’: the text reads ‘healed’, but this makes poor sense. Probable ISC of root � ܣto root ܐܣܐ. See Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘he collapsed’: lit. ‘his spirit was cut short’. 8 ‘fame’: lit. ‘report’. 9 ‘be heard and be revered’: lit. ‘they will hear … and they will fear (it)’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܝܕ.
ܽ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳܺ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܝـܬܐ ܝܬ .ܫ ܘܡܥܘܢ ̱ܝ ܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝܰ .ܣ ݂ܒܘ ܪܝܫܐ ܗܢܐ :ܘ ݂ܬܠܘ ܒ�ܥ ݂ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܕ ܽܫ ܳ ܘܪ ܐ. ݂ ܶ ܡܫܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ ܘܢܶ ܶ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ܰ ܢܗܪ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ :ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܶܫ ܳ ܪܥܐ݂ :ܘܬܣ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܳܡ ܰܐܢـ ̈ܝ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܶܒܗ݂ .ܘܬ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰܚ ܝܠـܬܢ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ݂ .ܘܬܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܶ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܥܠ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܝܟܘܢ ܺܪ ܳ ܝـܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ـܪܬܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܝܫܐ݂ .ܘܬܦܩܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕܠ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ܥـܬܐ ܥܰـܠ ܡܛ ݂ ܳܽ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܚܬܘܢ. ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ .ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ ܫܪܝـܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘܢܥܺܝـܪܘܢ ܰ ܝܢܗܘܢܺ .ܘܢ ܽ ܠܡ ܺ ܝܕܝܢ ܢܶܣ ݂ܒܘܢ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܙ ܽ ܳ ܐܙܠـܘܢ ܰ ܘܗ ݁ ܶ �� ݁ ܰܒـܝ ݂ ̱ ܶ ܽ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܰܚ ܽ ܫܟ ܽܚܘܢܶܗ݂ .ܘܬܶ ݁ ܶܦـܠ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܪܗܛܘܢ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐܳ :ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܝ�ܗܘܢ .ܘܢ ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ܶ ܳ ܥܪܩܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ܚܠܬܐ .ܘܢܶ ܽ ܝܟܘܢ. ܕ ݂ ܺ ܽ ܐܙܠܘܢ ܰܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܫܛܚـܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܽ ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝـܠ݁ :ܬܶ ܽ ܪܡـܘܢ ̱ ܶ ݂ܘܬ ̱ ܳ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬܐ. ܘ� ܳܝـܐ ܰ ܚـܙ ܐ ܶ ـܕܥ ܰ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽـܕܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢܺ �ܰ :ܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܽܡ ܳ ܩـܪܘ݁ .ܕܢܶ ܶ ܘ� ݁ ܰ �ـܗܘ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠܶ . ܝܬ ܺܐ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ܘܬܐ. ܘܠܗ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ �ܘ ݂ܬܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕ ݁ ܰܕܐܣܠܝ ܰܠ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܰܽ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܺ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ .ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ ܳ ܚܙ ܐ ܺܪ ܶ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐܺ ݁ :ܒܐܝ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܘܗܝ �ܚܝܘ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܒ ܩܪܐ ܘ ̱ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܽ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܕ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܒ ݂ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ݂ܕܥܡܐ݂ .ܢܦܠ ܥܠ ܐܦܘ ̱ܗܝ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܟܪܝ ݂ܬ ܪܘܚܗ. ܶ ܝܡܘܗܝܰ ݂ : ܰܺ ܝـܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܺ ܝـܬܰ :ܘ ܶ ܢܦܠ ܥܰܠ ܶ� ݂ܓܠ ܶ ̇ ܣܓـ ݂ܕ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡܝـ ̇ܗ ܘܕ ݂ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐܩ ܽ ̱ܰ ݂ ܽ ܡܝ݁ .ܕܢܶ ܽ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܶܫܡܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܢܶ ݂ܕܚܠܘܢ. ܶܘܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ݁ .ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥܰ ̱
Judith Ch.
Uziah said to her: You are blessed, my daughter, by the most high God, 1 above all women on earth. Blessed be the Lord who created the heavens and the earth, who directed you so that you could take the head of the chief of our enemies. For your glory will not fail from the hearts of men who remember forever the power of God.
May God make these (deeds be remembered) in your honor 2 forever, may he provide for you well, for you had no regard for your life (when weighed against) 3 our humiliation, but went forth to confront 4 our people’s calamity, you went directly before our God. All the people said: Amen, amen.
‘most high God’: lit. ‘God the exalted’. ‘in your honor’: lit. ‘to you’. 3 ‘(when weighed against)’: lit. ‘because of’. 4 ‘to confront’: lit. ‘because of’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܚ
ܝܛ ܟ
ܶ ـܗܐ ܰ ܝܡـܐܶ :ܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܡܪ ܳ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ݁ .ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܥ ܺ �ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ ܶ ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܰܘ ܳ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ܰܐ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰ ܐܪܥܐܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܬ ܰܪܨ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ݂ܬܣ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܺܪ ܳ ܪܥܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ ݂ܟ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ ܝܫܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ. ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܳ�ܢܶ ݂ܕ ܽܫܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ݁ .ܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝܢ ܰܚܝܠܶܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܠ ܳ ـܗܐ ̱ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܳ �ܥܠܰܡ. ܳ ܳ ܳ �ܥܠܰـܡ .ܘܢܶ ܶ ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ �ܝ ܳ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐܢܶܝܢ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܰ ܣܥܪ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܠܛـ ݂ܒ .ܚܠ ݂ـܦ ݁ܕ� ܽ ܘܟ ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܰܡـܢܶ .ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܰ ܣـܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܠ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝܶ :ܡ ܽܛـܠ ܽܡـ ݁ ܳ ܢܦ ݁ ܳܚ ݁ ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܛـܠ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ـܗܢܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰ ܐܡـܪ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܐ ܺܡܝـܢ ܡܦ ܘܠܬܢ .ܘܗܠ ݂ܟܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪܝܨ ݂ ܰܘ ܺ ܐܡܝܢ.
Judith Ch.
She put it in the bag of provisions. 1 The two of them went out together, as (they had done) at the time for prayer. They passed through the Assyrian camp, round the whole valley, went up into the city, and came to the gate.
Judith said to the guards from afar off: Open the gates for me, open! For our God is with us, who has given power to Israel, and strength (to oppose) their enemies as today. When the men of the city heard her voice, they hurried to open the gates of their city for her. They called to the elders of the city.
They all ran, the least and the greatest, for they were amazed that she had come. 2 They opened the gates and received them. They lit a fire for them to see by 3 and gathered round 4 them. She raised her voice and said to them: Give thanks to the Lord our God, who has not withdrawn 5 his favor from Israel, but has shattered our enemies, by my hand, this (very) night. She brought out the head from the bag, showed (it to them) and said to them: See! The head of Elparna, the chief of the Assyrian army. And see! The mosquito net in which he fell 6 in his drunken stupor: 7 the Lord broke him, by a woman’s hand.
May the Lord live, who protected me on the way in which I went — but my face seduced him. He did not commit a sin involving me in impurity and shame. 8
All the people were amazed; they fell down and worshipped the Lord. All said together: Blessed be the Lord our God, who has shattered the enemies of his people today.
‘provisions’: a different Syriac term from that in Judith 2:8, 11:10. ‘they were amazed that she had come’: lit. ‘the affair was astonishing to them that she had come’. 3 ‘for them to see by’: lit. ‘it might be seen for them’. 4 ‘gathered round’: lit. ‘surrounded’. So too Judith 15:10. 5 ‘withdrawn’: lit. ‘passed over’ 6 ‘fell’: lit. ‘was fallen’. 7 ‘drunken stupor’: lit. ‘drunkenness’ 8 ‘involving me in impurity and shame’: lit. ‘with me in the impurity of shame’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝ
ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ
ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܝܗܝــܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ :ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ�ܶ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢــܐ ܘܐܪܡܝـ ݂ܬܗ ܒ ݂ܬܪܡــ� ݂ܕܣܝܒـܪܬ ̇ܗ .ܘ ݂ܢܦܩـ ̱ܝ ܬ�ܬ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܶ ̈ ܽ ܝܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ܳ �ܟܝ ̱ܗܝ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܰܢܚ� ܰܗܘܰ .ܘܣ�ܩ ̱ܝ ݂ܕ ܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ� ̱ܝ ܠܡܫܪ ݂ ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ �ܘ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܬܪܥܐܳ. ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܳ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ �ܢ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܪ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܬ ܳ ܘܚܩܐ݁ .ܦ ݂ܬܚ ̱ܘ ܺܠܝ ݂ܬ�ܥܶܐ݁ :ܦ ݂ܬܚ ̱ܘܶ .ܡܛـܠ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܺ ܳ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܠ ܰܗܢ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ ܽܗܘ݁ .ܕܝܰܗ ݂ܒ ܰܚܝ� �ܝܣ ܳܪܐܝܶܠܽ : ܘܥ ܳ ܘܫܢـܐ ܥܰـܠ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ: ̱ ̱ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ. ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰܘ ܳ ܣܬ ܰ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܬܚ ܳ� ̇ ـܗ ݁ܬ�ܥܶـܐ ܪܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܠܡ ݂ܦ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܰ ̈ܫܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܩ�ܗ .ܐ ܳ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܩܪܘ ܰ ܠܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ. ܙܥ ܳ �ܗܘܢܶ :ܡܢ ܽ ܝـܗܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܰܘ ܶ ܘܪ ܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ � ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܺܡ ܳ �ـܗܘܢ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ݀ ܰ ܰ ܐܘܚܕܘ ܽܢ ܳ ܚـܙ ܐ ܽ ܬܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐܰ : ـܘܪ ܐ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ܶ �ـܗܘܢ. ܨ ݂ܒ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ݂ܬ .ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝܢܰ .ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܘܚ ݂ܕ ܽܪ ̇ ܘܗ. ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܘܕܘ ܳ ـܗܢ݁ .ܕ ܳ� ܰܐܥ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܳ ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܳܩ ܳـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐܰ .ܐ ݁ ܰ ܠܡ ܳ ܚ�ܢܶـܗ ܶܡـܢ ܺܐ ܳ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠܶ .ܐ ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ �ܝܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ. ܝܫـܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܬ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܝܫܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ ܰܘ ݁ܐܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀ ܘܚܘܝܰ ݂ ݀ �ܗܘܢ݁ .ܕ ܳܗܐ ܺܪ ܶ ܬ ܺܪ ܳ ܪܡ ܳ�ܰ . ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܘܗܐ ܶܟ ܳ ܺ ܘܬ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ݂ ݂ ܳ . ܠܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݁ܦܝܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܳܘ ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ݂ . ܳ ݂ܕܢܶܩ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ. ܰ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܰ ܛܪ ̱ܢܝ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ ܐܘܪܚܐ ݂ ܶܕܐ ܙܶ ̱ܠ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗܶ :ܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܳ ܘܚܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ ܰ ܛܥ� ̈ܝ ̱ܗܝ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܝ .ܘ� ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܗܬ ݂ܬܐ. ܡܝ ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒܛܡܐ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܽ ܰ ܰܘܬ ܰܡܗܘ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܰܘ ܶ �ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ. ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠܡܪ�ܐ .ܘܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܟ ̱ ݂ ݂ ݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܶ ܒܪܝ ݂ܟ ̱ܗܘ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܠܗܢ .ܕ ݂ܬܒܪ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܠ ݂ܒܥܠܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕܥܡܗ.
Judith Ch.
Chapter
When it was evening, his servants stood up to go. Boga shut the tent door from the outside, and brought out all who were standing before his lord. Each man went, each to his own tent. 1 For they were weary, the banquet had gone on for so long. 2 And Judith remained, alone, in the tent. Elparna was lying on his bed, for he was overcome by the wine. 3
Judith had told her maidservant to stand outside the bedchamber and guard her when she went out, as she did every day, for she said: I am coming to pray. She said the same 4 to Boga too.
They all went from there, no-one, great or small, remained in the bedchamber. Judith stood at Elparna’s head. She said: Lord, Lord, God of all might, look at this hour on the work of my hands for the glory of Jerusalem, For this is a time to preserve 5 your inheritance, to accomplish the plot in my heart, to break the peoples who have risen up against us. She drew near to a pillar by Elparna’s head, drew his scimitar.
She drew near to his bed. She took hold of the hair of his head, and said: Strengthen me, O God of Israel, this day.
She struck his neck twice with the scimitar, took his head from his body. She rolled his corpse off his mattress, and took the mosquito net off the poles. After a short time she went out, and gave Elparna’s head to her maidservant.
‘his own tent’: lit. the house of his tent’. ‘the banquet had gone on for so long’: lit. ‘with the multitude of the banquet which was’. 3 ‘he was overcome by the wine’: lit. ‘the wine had increased upon him’. 4 ‘said the same’: lit. ‘spoke as these words’. 5 ‘preserve’: lit. ‘take care of’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝܓ.
̈ ܘܓܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳ ܘܗܝ ܶ ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠܶ .ܘ ܰ ܽ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܰܪ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܡܫܐܳ :ܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܐܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ݂ܳ ܠ ܰܒܪܰ .ܘ ݁ ܶ ܝܡܝـܢ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܶ ܐܦܩ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܝـܬ ݂ ـܪܗܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܕܗܘܐܳ. ܫܟܢܶܗܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ�ܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܣܘ ܳܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܰܡ ݁ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ܫܟ ܳܢܐܶ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܐܫܬ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ ܪܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܶ �ܚܘ݂ ܶܕ ̇ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ ܪܣܗ. ܘ ܚܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܽ ܣܓܝ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܠܰܘܗܝ ܰܚܡܪ ܐܳ. ܶ ܰ ̱ ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܺ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܺܽ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܝܛ ܳ ܠܡܛܪ ܰܡ ݁ܦ ܳܩ ̇ܗ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܘܢܐ: ܡܬ ̇ܗܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘܡ ܠ ݂ܒܪ ܡܢ ܩ ܘܐܡܪܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܬ � ݁ܰ ݂ ܽ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܽ ݂ ݁ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܘܓܐ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕ ݂ܶܒ ܶ ݂ܟܠ ܝܘܡ .ܡܛܠ ܕܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂ܐܬ�ܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܠܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐ .ܐ ݂ܦ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ. ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܙܥ ܳ ܘܢـܐܰ :ܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܰܐܘ ܽ ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܝܛ ܳ ـܘܪ ܐ. �ـܗܘܢ .ܘ� ܐ̱ܢـܫ ܐܫܬܚـܪ ܒܩ ܳ ܺ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܪ�ܐ :ܐ ܳܠـ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܐܠܦܪܢܐ .ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ .ܡܪ�ܐ ܡ ܝܬ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܪܝܫܗ ܕ ݂ ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܰ ̈ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܥܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܰ �ܪ ܳ ܘܡܐ ݂ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ. ܚܝ�ܘܢ :ܚܘܪ ܒܫ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ܰܠ ܰ ܡܪ ܳܚ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܥܰܠ ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ̈� ܳܥ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ̱ܝܰ :ܠ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܠܰܝܢ. ܶ ܰ ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܬ ܺܢ ܶ ܶ ܬ ܳ ܡܛ ݂ ݀ ܘܩܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ � ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܺܪ ܶ ܐܢܪܗ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ .ܘܫ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܽܡܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܚـܕ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ܳ ܶ ܝܫـܗܶ .ܘ ܰ ܝܢـܝ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ ܬ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܶ ܘܩܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܥـܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪ ܶ ܪܣـܗܶ .ܘ ݁ ܰ ـܗܐ ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܚ ܶܝܠ ̱ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ. ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܠܬܗ ܺ �ܪ ܶ ܝܫܗ ܶܡܢܶܗ. ܘܡܚ ݂ܬܗ ܥܠ ܨܘܪܗ ܒܢܐܢܪ ܐ ݂ܬܪܬܝܢ ܙ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ .ܘܫܩ ݂ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܶ ܰ ܡܓ ̈ ܠܬܗ ܶܡܢ ݂ܽ ـܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ .ܘ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܘܥܓܠ ݂ܬܗ ܦ ݂ܓܪܗ ܡܢ ܬܫܘ ݂ ܝܬܗ .ܘܢܣܒ ݂ܬ ܟ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܺ ܝܫܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦܪܢܐܳ. ܡܬ ̇ܗ ܪ ܶ ܰܩܠܝܠ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܬ ܘܝܗܒ ݂ܬ݂ � .
Judith Ch.
Judith said: I will drink, my lord, for today my life has become wonderful, 1 better than all the days when I was with them. So she took, and ate in his presence, what her maidservant had prepared for her.
Elparna rejoiced at her presence, 2 and drank a great quantity of wine — more than he had drunk in a single day — See! since he was born.
1 2
‘wonderful’: lit. ‘great’. ‘at her presence’: lit. ‘opposite her’.
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܚ ܝܛ ܟ
ܰ ܰ ܰ̈ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܫܬܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܺܕ ܶ ܳܘ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ :ܛـ ݂ܒ ܶܡـܢ ܝܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܥܠܝ ܚܝܝ ܝ ܝܬ .ܐ ܐܡܪ ܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ݁ܽ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺ ܝܬ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ. ܗܘ ݂ ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܶܘܢܣ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܬ ܶܘܐ ݂ܟܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܡܬ ̇ܗ. ܘܗܝ ܡܕܡ ܕ ݂ܬܩܢ ݂ܬ �ܗ ܐ ݂ ܬ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܺ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܫـܬܐ ܶܠـܗ ܳܗ ݂ܟـ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܠܦܪܢܐ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒ�ܗ .ܘ ܘܚ ݂ܕܝ ܐ ݂ ܘܓܐܐ݁ :ܕ� ݂ ܐܫܬܝ ܰܚܡܪ ܐ ܣ ݂ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܺ ܶ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ :ܗܐ ܡܢ ܕ ݂ܐܬܝܠ ݂ܕ.
Judith Ch.
XVI
When she came in, she abstained (from food), 1 inside the tent, until she took food in the evening. It happened on the fourth day that Elparna gave a banquet, just for his servants. He invited none of the (other) workers, nor those supervising. He said to Boga the eunuch who was in charge of all he had: Go now, persuade this Hebrew woman who is with you to come to us, that she may eat and drink with us.
For it is shame on us, to let a woman like this go, not to speak with her. For if we do not have her company 2 she will laugh at us.
So Boga went from Elparna’s presence, came in to her and said: May the beautiful young woman not refuse to come before my lord, to be honored in his presence, to drink wine with us, to enjoy the company, 3 to be honored today, like one of the daughters of the Assyrian noblemen who are in attendance 4 in Nebuchadnezzar’s house.
Judith said to him: Who am I to say that we will not come in to my lord? For all that pleases him 5 I will do diligently: this will be my glory until the day of my death. She arose, she adorned herself with her decorations, with all the adornments of women. Her maidservant entered and spread out for her, before Elparna, on the ground, lambskins which she had taken from Boga to sleep on and to sit on to eat. Then Judith went in and sat down. Elparna’s heart was moved by her, he was turmoil, 6 for he desperately desired to be with her; from the day when he saw her he sought a time when he might know her. Elparna said to her: Drink, rejoice with us.
‘abstained (from food)’: lit. ‘remained in purity’. ‘if we do not have her company’: lit. ‘if we do not use/take advantage of her’. 3 ‘enjoy the company’ or ‘refresh yourself’. 4 ‘are in attendance’: lit. ‘stand in’. 5 ‘pleases him’: lit. ‘is beautiful in his eyes’. 6 ‘he was in turmoil’: lit. ‘his spirit was agitated’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ
ܨܚ ܝܘ ܝܗ
ܝܘ
ܝܙ
ܳ ܳܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܫܟ ܳܢـܐ :ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܢܣ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ـܘܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ܓـܘ ܰܡ ݁ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐ� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ :ܡ ݂ܟـܬܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܟܝ ݂ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܘܠܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ܳ ܡܫܐ. ܡܐ ݂ܟ ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ̈ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ �ܚـܘ݂ܕܰ .ܘ�̱ ܳܢـܫ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ �ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܘܩ ܽܝܘ ̈ܶܡܐ ܳ� ܳ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܳܦ� ̈ܶܚܐ ܳ ܩܪ ܐ. ܶ ܰ ܡܗ ܳ ܘܓܐ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ ܐܝܬ ܶܠܗ .ܙܶܠ ܺܢܐ ܐ ݁ ܺܦܝܣ ܝܡܢܐ݁ :ܕ ܳܩܐ ܺܡ ܶ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܶܟܠ ݁ ܺܕ ݂ܶ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ �̱ ݁ܢܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗܝ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ݁ܝܬܐ݁ :ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ ݂ܐܬܐ ܫܬܐ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ. �ܘ ݂ܬܢ݂ .ܘܬ�ܥܰܣ ݂ܘܬ ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܠܢ ܶ ܠܡܫ ݁ ܰܒܩ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐܳ :ܘ� ܰ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݁ ܢܡܠܶـܠ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ ـܗ. ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕܐܢ ܳ� ܢܶ ݂ ܳ ܩܦ ̇ܗ݁ :ܬ ݂ܓ ܰܚ ݂ܟ ܥܠܰܝܢ. ܳ �ܘ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ܶܘ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܘܓܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ .ܘܥܰܠ ܳ ܢܦܩ ݁ ܽܒ ܳ ܝܡـܬܐ ܐܡܪ݂ � .ܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܟ� ܥܠ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܰ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܠܡ ݂ܐܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ :ܘܠܡ ܫܦܝܪܬܐ ܫܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ܰܡـܢ ܫܬ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܚܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݁ ܰܦـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ݂ .ܘܬ ܶ ܶ ܡܝ ܳ ܰܚ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܩܪ ܐܰ :ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒ ܳܢ̈ـ ݂ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢـܐܶ ܳ ܰ ܡܪ ܐ݂ :ܘܬ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܣܡܝܢ݂ .ܘܬܗܘܝܢ ܝܰܘܡܢܐ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ̈ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ. ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ :ܕܩܝܡܢ ܒ ݂ܒ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܐܡܪ ݁ܕ� ܳܥ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܬܰ .ܡܢ ܐ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܰ ܐܠܢ ܶܨܝـ ݂ܕ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝܶ .ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܺ ܳܺ ܺ ܝـܬ ܶܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ .ܘܢܶ ܶ ـܗܘܐ ܺܠـܝ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܽܫـܘ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܪ ܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܘܗܝ݂ : ܚܦܝܛܐ ݂ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱ �ܝ ܳ ܰ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ܘܬ ̱ܝ. ݁ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ݁ ܰ ܶ ܬ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܳܡ ܶ ܡـܬ ̇ܗ. ܐ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗܰ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܬܨܒ ݂ ܘܩܡ ݂ܬ ܘܐܨ ܛܒ ݂ ـܬ ܐ ݂ ܝـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ .ܘܥܠ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܘܫܘܝܰ ݂ ݀ ݀ ̈ ܰ ܘܓـܐ ܬ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ݂ ܠܦܪܢܐ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐܶ :ܫ�ܚܐ ݂ܕܐܡ� ܐ ݂ܕܢܣ ݁ܒ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܳ ܶ ܶ ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ݁ :ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܝܗܘܢ ܶ ܠܡ�ܥܰܣ. ܝـܗܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛ ݂ ܰ ܝـܬܶ .ܘܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܙܝـܥ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒـܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܬ ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܘܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܪܦـ ݂ ݀ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܬ ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܠܡ ܶ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫܗܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ܓ ܰܪܓ ܳܛـ ݂ܒ ܶ ـܗܘܐ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ ـܗ .ܘ ݂ ܳܒܥܶـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ݂ ܝܗ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܕܥܺ ̇ ܚܙ ̇ܗ. ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܫܬܝܰ :ܘܚ ݂ ܳܕܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ. ܠܦܪܢܐ .ܐ ܘܐܡܪ �ܗ ܐ ݂
Judith Ch.
Chapter
Elparna 1 commanded that they would be acceptable 2 to her, and that they would give her (food) from his own supper and (drink) from the wine which he drank. But Judith said: I shall not eat it, lest I should be breaking our law; 3 but it is enough for me, (the food) that I have brought 4 with me.
Elparna said to her: But if it is consumed, where shall we find 5 (food) like it to give you? For there is no person of your people among us who would have (food) like it.
Judith said: May you live long, 6 my lord — your handmaid will not consume what she brought with her until God will have accomplished, by my hands, that which I have purposed. Elparna’s servants brought her to the tent. So she slept until the middle of the night. She got up at the time of the morning watch.
She sent to Elparna and said to him: May my lord command — may they allow 7 your handmaid to go outside, for prayer.
Elparna commanded the guard not to detain her. She remained in the camp (for) three days. At nighttime, she went out to the valley of Beth-palu, and bathed in the springs.
When she came up (from the springs) she prayed 8 to the God of Israel to direct her path for the restoration 9 of her people.
‘Elparna’: lit. ‘He’. ‘acceptable’: lit. ‘deemed worthy’. 3 ‘I should be breaking our law’: lit. ‘so that it may not be for me an offence’. 4 ‘I have brought’: lit. ‘came’. 5 ‘where shall we find’: ‘where to us’. 6 ‘May you live long’: lit. ‘May your soul live’. 7 ‘allow’: lit. ‘give leave’. 8 ‘prayed’: different Syriac root from that in ‘prayer’ in Esther 12:5. 9 ‘restoration’: lit. ‘stability’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܝܒ.
ܶ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܘܡܢ ܰܚ ܳ ܝܬܗܶ : ܡܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ. ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܢܫ ܽܘܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗܰ .ܘ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ܽܠܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܡܢ ܚܫܡ ݂ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܬܳ �ܳ .ܐ ݂ܟ ܳ� ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢܶܗ݁ .ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ ܠـܬܐ .ܐ� ܳܣ ݂ ܶܦـܩ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳ ܺܕ ݂ ܗܘܐ ܺܠـܝ ݂ ܠܬܘܩ ݂ ܡܝ. ܺܠܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܐ ܥܰ ̱ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐܶ .ܘܐܢ ܢܶܓ ܰܡܪ ܶܠـܗܶ :ܡـܢ ܰܐ ܶ ـܬܠ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܝܡ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܰܠـܢ ܠܡ ݂ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܶܗܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁ ܐܝܬ ܶܠܗ ܐ ݂ܟ ܳܘ ݂ܬܗ. ܝܬ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ݂ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܡـܬ ݂ܟ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ـܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܐ ܝܬܰ .ܚ ܳܝـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـ ݂ܟ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ .ܕ� ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡـܪ ܐ ݂ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܝܬ. ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ :ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܪܥܺ ݂ ܬ ܥ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶ ܘܗ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ .ܘ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܠܦ ݁ ܶ ܰܘܐܥܠܽ ̇ ܠܓܗ ݁ܕ ܺܠ� ܳܝܐ. ܡܟ ݂ ݀ ݂ ̱ܳ ܰ ܳ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܡܛ ݁ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ. ܶ ݁ ܽ ܳ̇ ܰ ܳ �ܘܬ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ ܰ ܡـܬ ݂ܟ ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠـܗ :ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܩـܘ݂ܕ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ :ܘܢܫܒܩـܘܢܗ � ݂ ݂ ܶ݁ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܨܠ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܠܡܦܩ ܠ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܳ̇ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ـܬܐ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ. ܘ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ ܝـܬܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ ܠܦܪܢܐ �ܢܛܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ� ܢ ݂ܟܠܘܢܗ .ܘ ݂ܟܬܳܪ ݂ܬ ܒܡܫܪ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐܳ . ܶ ܡܕ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒܥܰ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳܝܐ̈. ܘܥ ݁ ܳ ܘܢ ݂ܦܩܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ �ܢܚ� ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܣ ܳ ܳ �ܩܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀ܳ ݁ :ܒ ܳ ـܬ ܽܪܘܨ ܽܐ ܳ ܘܪܚ ̇ ـܗ ܥܝـܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܡـܢ ܐܠـܗܐ ݂ܕ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݂ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܡܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ. ܠܩܝ
Judith Ch.
For your maidservant feared God, served before the God of the heavens by day and by night. Now I shall remain with you, my lord; your maidservant will go out at night to the valley, and I will pray to God. My maidservant will inform me, as their sins are committed. I will come and I will make it known to you. You will go forth with your army, and not a man of them will stand before you.
He will take you through the midst of Judea until you reach Jerusalem, and set your throne in its midst. 1 You will lead them like sheep that have no shepherd, not (even) a dog will bark 2 in your presence. For these (matters) were made known to me, 3 and I was sent so that I would speak with you. Her words pleased 4 Elparna and all his servants. They wondered at her beauty and her wisdom and said to her:
There is no woman like you 5, from one end of the earth to the other, in beauty of face, in words of wisdom. 6
Elparna said to her: God has done well, in that he has sent you ahead of the rest 7 of your people so that there will be a record for us, and destruction for those who despised my lord.
For now you are beautiful in appearance, of good understanding and speech. If you do as you have said, your God will be my God, and you will live in the king’s house, and you will be celebrated, 8 with a good name throughout the earth.
‘midst … midst’: two different Syriac roots. ‘bark’: lit. ‘bark with its tongue’. 3 ‘made known to me’: lit. ‘revealed in my knowledge’. 4 ‘pleased’: lit. ‘were fair before’. 5 ‘you’: lit. ‘this’. 6 ‘words of wisdom’: lit. ‘speech of perception’. 7 ‘rest’: lit. ‘sons’. 8 ‘celebrated’: lit. ‘excellent’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܙ
ܝܚ ܝܛ
ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ ܟܓ
ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܡܬܟܶ : ـܬ ݁ ܺܒ ܳ ܐܝܡ ܳܡـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܠ ܺ ܳ ܘܦ ܶ �ܝـܐ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ �ܚ ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܚܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ̱ܗܝ ܐ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܫܡ ܳܝܐܶ . ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܡܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ܬܪ �ܝܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ݂ܘܬܗܘܐ ܢ ݂ܦܩܐ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܚܛ ܽ ܗܗܘܢ. ܝܢܝ ܐ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ �ܢܚ� :ܘܐܨ � �ܠܗܐ .ܘܢܚܘ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܐܬܐ ܰܘ ݁ ܺ ـܗܘܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܶܡ ܽ ܝܘܗܝ ܳܠ ݂ܟ݂ .ܘܬܶ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝܠܳـ ݂ܟܳ .ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ ܢـܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩـܐܡ ܘ݂ ܐܘܕܥ ̱ ܽ ܳ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠ ݂ܟ. ܶ ܰܘܐܥ ݁ܒــ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܓــܘ ܝܺ ܽ ــܗܘ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܡ ܶܛــܐ ܽ�ܘ ܺܪܫܠܶــܡܶ .ܘ ܺ ܐܣܝــܡ ݁ ܽܟــ ܳ ܘܪܣܝ ݂ܟ ݂ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ݁ ܥܬ ̇ܗ݂ .ܘܬ݂ܕܒܪ ܐܢـܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ �ܢـܐ ݂ܕܠܝـܬ � ̇ ـܗ ܪܥܝـܐ .ܘ� ܢ ݂ܒـܚ ܟ�ܒـܐ ܒܡܨ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܥܝ .ܘܐܫܬ݁ܕܪ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܐܡܪ ܠ ݂ܟ. ݂ܒ� ܳܫܢܶܗ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ݁ܝܟ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܗܠܝܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܓܠܝ ݂ܒܡ ݁ܕ ̱ ܫܦܪ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܘܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ ܘܗܝܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡـܪ ̱ܘ ـܕ ̱ ݂ ܳ ܡܬ ̇ܗܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܪܥـܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܰ ܠܣـ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇ ܝܬ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐܶ .ܡܢ ܰܣـ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇ ـܘܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܕܠ ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ܳ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܡ�� ݂ܕܣܘܟ�. ݂ܕܐܦܐ ܘ ݂ܒܡ ̱ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐܰ .ܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ݁ .ܕܢܶ ܶ ܶܘ ܰ ـܗܘܐ ܠܡܪ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܶ ܘܗܕ ܳܢܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܣܠ ܺܝܘ ܳ ݂ ܰܒܢ ܽܥ ̱ ݁ ܳ ܗܘܐ. ܳ ــܬ ̱ܝ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫـــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܳ ܘܛ ݂ ܳܒـــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ــܪ ܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ــܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ ــܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܶܙܘ ݂ܟـــ ̱ܝ. ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܶ .ܘܐܢ ݁ܬܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕܐ ܰܡ ݁ܪܬ ̱ܝܰ :ܐ ܳܠ ܶܗ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܢܶ ܶ ـܗܘܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـܗ ̱ܝܰ .ܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܬ ̱ܝ ܶ ݂ ܫܡܐ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐܳ. ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܬܶ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ݂ .ܘܬܶ ܶ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ ܡܝ ݁ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܗܘܝܢ ܰ
Judith Ch.
10
Now, my lord, the word which Ahiod spoke in the assembly in your presence: we have heard his words, for the city watch 1 received him and he told them everything which he had said in your presence.
Therefore, my lord, do not ignore his word, but take it to heart. For it is true: for our people is not subdued, 2 nor does the sword rule over them, unless they have sinned before their God.
Now, so that my lord’s action 3 will not be without effect — death will fall upon their people and a great sin will overtake them; they will enrage their God when they commit it.
For provisions are wanting and their water supply has run low 4 — so they have decided to slaughter 5 their cattle, and all that God has forbidden them to eat, in his laws. 6 they have resolved to eat
The first fruits of the grain, the wine and the oil — all of which they have kept, dedicated to the priests who stand before God in Jerusalem — they were willing to eat of them, even though they do not have authority to allow any one 7 of the children of the people 8 to come near. They have also sent to Jerusalem, for the inhabitants there too have done all the same, to those who brought the matter to them (for consideration by) the elders.
And when they will have sent, and they will have done this, they will be delivered up to you on that day, and you will destroy them. Because of this I too, your handmaid, when I saw these, fled from them; and God sent me so that I could do with you the thing — that the whole earth, those who will hear, will be amazed at it.
‘city watch’: lit. ‘city sons’. ‘subdued’: lit. ‘compelled’. 3 ‘my lord’s action’: lit. ‘my lord’. 4 ‘has run low’: lit. ‘has failed them’. 5 ‘slaughter’: lit. ‘rule over/prevail’. 6 ‘forbidden them to eat’: lit. ‘set apart/separated to them … that they should not eat’. 7 ‘they do not have authority to allow any one’: lit. ‘even though it is not in their hands lawful for any man’. 8 ‘sons of the people’: i.e. other than the priests. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ
ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܶ ܳ ܳ ܠـܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡـܪ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ܳ ܢܫـܐ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ :ܡ ݂ ܽ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܐܫܬܥܺـܝ ܘܗܝ ܒܢܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ .ܘ ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠ ̱ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ. ܳ ܶ ܽ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܬܗܶ .ܐ ܳ� ܺܣ ܺ ܝܡ ̇ ܝܗ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܟܶ .ܡܛـܠ ܶܡܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ݂ � :ܬܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰܠ ܡܠ ݂ ܶܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪܝܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܥܰ ܰܡܢܳ .ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܳܫܠܛܐ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ :ܐ� ܐܢ ܰ ܰ ܚܛܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ܳܠܗ ܽܗܘܢ. ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܘܥܪܢܰ ݂ : ܗܘܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܽܣ ܳ ـܘܬܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܽ ܘܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ ܶ ܡـܗܘܢ ܰܘܐ݂ܕ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܦـܠ ܡ ܰ ܳ ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ݁ .ܕ ݂ ܶܒܗ ܰܡܪ ݁ܓ ܺܙܝܢ � ܳܠܗ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢܶܗ. ܘܪܣ ܳܝـܐܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛܠܰܩـ ̱ܘ ܽ ܚܣܪ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܬ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ �ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚܫ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܳ ـܪܗܘܢ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ـ ܰܪܫ �ـ ܽ ܠܡܫܠܰــܛ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒܥܺܝـ ܽ ܶ ـܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳ ـܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܰ ܘܣ ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ� ܢܶܐ ݂ܟܠܽܘܢܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺܝܘ ܶ ܠܡܐ ݂ ܰܟܠ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ �ـܗܘܢ ܰܠ ܰ ܢܛـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܡܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܽܫـܘ ܠ ݂ ܳܟ ̈ܗܢܶـܐ �ܝܫܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܘܪ ܐ ܘ݂ܕܚܡـܪ ܐ ܘ݂ܕܡܫܚـܐ :ܕ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܝܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡܶ .ܘܐܨ ܛ ݂ܒܝـܘ ܠܡܐ ݂ܟـܠ ܡـܢ ܗܢـܘܢ :ܕ ݂ܐܦـ� ܠܡ ܰ ݂ ܺܒܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܫܠܺܝܛ �̱ ܳܢܫ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܶ ܩܪ ݂ܒ. ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܽ�ܘ ܺܪܫܠܶــܡܶ .ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܐܦ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡــܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܐܝـ ݂ـܟ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܰ ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ �ܗܝــܢ ܶ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ�ܰ :ܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܘ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ. ݂ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܫܬ ܽ ܘܢܶ ܶ ܠܡـܘܢ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ܽ ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ. ܫ�ܚـܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܘܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ـܕܘܢ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ :ܢ ܶ ܰ ݂ܘܬܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܐܢܘܢ. ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ܳ ܢـܗܘܢܰ ܰ . ܚܙܝ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ :ܥ ܶ ܶ ـܬ ܶܡ ܽ ܡܬ ݂ܟܰ ݁ :ܟ ݂ܕ ܺ ܢـܝ ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢܐ ܐ ܪܩ ݂ ݂ ܘܫ ݁ܕܪ ̱ ܽ ܳ ܪܥܐ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ ܘܬܐ݁ .ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܶ ܫܡܥܘܢ. ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ܨ ݂ܒ ݂ ܝـܟܰ : ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܫܡܥـܢ ܶܡ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ. ܶ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡـܐ
Judith Ch.
Chapter
Elparna said to her: Take courage, woman, do not be so afraid, for I would not harm any man who wished to serve Nebuchadnezzar king of all the earth.
Now, these your people, who live on the mountain — had they not despised me I would not have lifted my hand against them — but these (things) they did at (the cost of) their lives.
Now tell me why you have fled from them and come to us: for in coming here you have preserved 1 your life. 2 From this night and afterwards you will live, For none will harm you, and I will do for you as is done for the servants of my lord.
Judith said to him: Hear the words of your maidservant: she 3 will speak in your presence. I will not lie 4 to you this night.
If you will hear my words, all will be delivered into your hands, all that God will do for you, and my lord will not fail to attain his ends 5 as long as he lives.
For — long live Nebuchadnezzar, king of all the earth, and long live his reign by which he sent you to bring order 6 to all the earth — for not only will mankind serve him, because of you, but the beasts of the field too, the cattle and the birds of the heavens, and they will recognize Nebuchadnezzar in your strength. We have heard (of) your wisdom, of your skill, 7 it is said everywhere 8 that you are unrivalled in 9 majesty, stupendous in knowledge, mighty in war. ‘preserved’: lit. ‘restored’. ‘you have preserved your life’: lit. ‘you have come for life, have courage’. 3 ‘she’: lit. ‘your maid-servant’. 4 ‘lie’: lit. ‘speak falsehoods’. 5 ‘fail to attain his ends’: lit. ‘fall from his stratagem’. 6 ‘bring order’: lit. ‘establish’. 7 ‘your skill’: lit. ‘the devices of your heart’. 8 ‘everywhere’: lit. ‘throughout the earth’. 9 ‘unrivalled in’: lit. ‘you alone are good in all’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܝܐ. ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܠܦܪܢــܐ .ܬܪܣـܝ ܐܢ̱ـ ـܬ ݂ܬܐ݂ � :ܬ݂ܕܚܠܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝܶ .ܡܛــܠ ݁ܕ� ܘܐܡــܪ �ــܗ ܐ ݂ ܽ ܰ �ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐܳ. ܐܫ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ݁ :ܕ ܳܨ ݁ ܶܒܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠܘܚ ܠܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰܐ ݂ ܶܒ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ـܘܢܝܺ �ܳ : ܽ ܡܪܝـܡ ـܘܪ ܐ :ܐ ܽܠـܘ� ܐ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐܝܠܝـܢ ܕܥܡܪܝـܢ ܒܛ ܣ�ܝ ̱ �ܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܝܬ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ ܺܐܝ ݂ܕ ̱ܝܶ .ܐ ܳ� ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ ܫܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ. ̱ܗ ܺܘ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܶܰ ܰ ܠܡ ܳܢܐ ܰ ܩܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡ ܽ ܥܪ ݁ ܶܡ ݁ ܺܟܝܠ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝܳ . �ܘ ݂ܬܢ .ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܶܓܝܪ ܢܗܘܢ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܺ �ܝܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܚ ̈ܝܶܐܰ ݁ .ܬ ܳ ܪܣܝܶ .ܡܢ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܺܠ ܳ ܰ �ܗܠ ݁ܬܐ ܶܚܝܢ. ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁ ܝܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܰܗܪ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝܶ .ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ ܘܗܝ ـܕ ̱ ݁ܕ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ. ܰ ܶ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܡܬ ݂ܟ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ. ܐܡܬ ݂ܟ .ܘ ݂ܬܡܠܠ ܐ ݂ ܝܬ .ܫܡܥ ܡ�ܝܗ ܕ ݂ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ ݁ܒܠ ܺ ܳ �ܝܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ. ܘ� ܐܡܠܠ ܕ ܓܠ ݂ ܫܡܥ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈ܝ :ܢܶ ݁ ܶܘܐܢ ݁ܬܶ ܰ ܫܬ ܶܠܡ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟܽ ݁ .ܟܠ ݁ܕܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ .ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܶܨ ̈� ܳܥ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܟ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝ. ܰ ݁ܽ ܶ ـܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܪܥـܐܰ . �ܟـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ ـܘܬܗ ܘܚ ܳܝـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂ ـܗ ܰܐ ܳ ݁ܕ ܰܫـ ݁ـܕ ܳܪ ݂ܟ ܰܠ ܰ �ܚــܘ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫــܐ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽ ܪܥــܐ݁ .ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܰܒ ܽ ܡܩ ܳܝ ܽܡــܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ�ـ ̇ �ܚــܘܢܶܗ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ .ܘܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܳ ܚـܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ܡܛܠ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ .ܐ� ܐ ݂ܦ ܚܝ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕ ݂ܒܪ ܐ :ܘ ݂ܒܥܝـܪ ܐ݂ :ܘܦܪ ݂ ܳ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝܠ ݂ܟ. ܳ ܶ̈ ܳ ܶ ܐܡܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܰ ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ܰ ܪܥܐܰ ݁ :ܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ �ܚـܘ݂ ܰܕ ݁ܝܟ ܫܡܥܢ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂ ܡܬ ݂ܟ ܘܨ� ܳܥ ݂ ܰ ܺ ݁ܺ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ܝܠܬܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ. ܥܬܐ :ܘܚ ݂ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ :ܘ ݂ܬܡܝܗ ܒܝ ݂ܕ ݂
Judith Ch.
XV
When you stand before him, do not be terrified: 1 just explain why you have come, 2 and he will treat you well. 3
They chose one hundred men from among them, and they brought them, her and her young maid, 4 to Elparna’s tent.
A runner (went) throughout the camp, for her coming had been heard by those in the tents. They came, they surrounded her as she stood outside Elparna’s tent, until they spoke to him concerning her.
They were amazed by her beauty, and they accepted that her words were of great value. 5 Because of her, they wondered about the Israelites. Each said to his companion: Who could scorn a people in which there are women like these? It is not right 6 to leave one man of them (alive), for those remaining will be more cunning than any other people. 7 All Elparna’s attendants and his servants went out, and they brought her into the tent. Elparna was lying, resting on his bed, within a curtain of purple fabric interwoven with gold, emeralds, and precious stones. They spoke to him concerning her. He, when he heard, went out to the entrance to 8 his tent, with silver lamps preceding him, and they brought her to him. When Judith stood before him, before his servants, they all wondered at the beauty of her face. She fell on her face and made obeisance to him, and his servants took her and raised her up.
‘terrified’: lit. ‘fear in your heart’. ‘explain why you have come’: lit. ‘make your words known to him’. 3 ‘and he will treat you well’: lit. ‘and it will be good for you’. 4 ‘and they brought them, her and her young maid’: ‘and they delivered over her and her young maid, and brought them’. 5 ‘they accepted that her words were of great value’: lit. ‘they accepted her words, for they were very good’. 6 ‘right’: lit. ‘fitting’. 7 ‘for those remaining will be more cunning than any other people’: lit. ‘so that not, when they remain, they will be more cunning/wiser than the whole earth’. 8 ‘entrance to’: lit. ‘court’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܘ ܝܙ ܝܚ
ܝܛ
ܟ ܟܐ ܨܚ ܝܗ ܟܒ ܟܓ
ܶܳ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܽܩ ܺ ـܝ: ܐܝܘܗܝ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ̈� ݁ܟ ̱ ܘܗܝ݂ � :ܬ݂ܕܚܠܝܢ ݁ܒ� ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ .ܐ� ܰܚ ܺܘ ̱ ܘܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܶ ܰܘܢܛܐ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܶ ܽ ܰܘܓ ݂ ܰܒܘ ܶܡ ܽ ܐܫ�ܡ ̇ ܐܝܬܝܘ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܝܡܬ ̇ܗ .ܘ ܢܗܘܢ ܳܡܐܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢܰ .ܘ ܘܗ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܘܠܥܠ ݂ ݂ ܫܟܢܶܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦܪܢܐܳ. ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܺ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܘ ـܬ ̇ܗ �ܝܠܝــܢ ܗܘܐ ܪܗܛــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ�ــܗ ܡܫܪܝـ ݂ ـܬܐܶ .ܡܛــܠ ܕܐܫܬܡܥ ـ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ܐܬܝـ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܺ ܳ ـܗܰ ݁ :ܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܩ ܳ ܝܡــܐ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ـܪ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡ ݁ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶ ـܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܘ ܰܘ ݂ܟܪܝ ݂ܟܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ �ـ ̇ ܫܟ ܳܢــܐ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ :ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܝܗ. ܳ ܳ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗܰ : ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝ ̇ܗܶ .ܡܢ ݁ܕܛ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܛـ ݂ܒܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗܰ .ܡـܢ ܢܶ ݂ܒ ܶܣـܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܛܠ ܒܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ ܺ ݂ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܫܐ � .ܘ� ݂ܕܢܫܬܚܪ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܐ̱ܢܫ .ܕ� ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܢܫܬܚـܪܘܢ: ݂ܕ ݂ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ݁ܟ ܽܡܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐܪܥܐܳ. ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܳܦ� ܰ ̈ܚ ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܢܦܩ ـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܰ ܘܗܝܰ .ܘܐܥܠܽـ ̇ ـܘܗ ـܕ ̱ ̱ ܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܫܟ ܳܢܐ. ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܶܘ ݂ ܰ ܠـܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܙܩ ܳ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶ ܪܡـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐܺ :ܘܢܝـܚ ݁ܒܥܰ ܶ ܝـܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ ܐܪܓ ܳܘ ܳܢـܐ: ܪܣـܗ :ܒ ݂ܓـܘ ܟ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܐܦܐ ܛ ݂ ̈ܒ ݂ܬܐ. ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ :ܘ ݂ܒܙܡ�ܓ ݂ܕ ܐ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ ܳ ݁ܳ ܫܟܢܶـܗ .ܘ ܰܠ ݁ ܺ ܫܡܥܰ ݂ : ܝܗܽ . ܘܗܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܪܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܢܦـܩ �ـ ݂ܕ ܡܦ ̈�ـ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܺ ݂ܕ ܺܣ ܳ ܘܗܝܰ .ܘܐܥܠܽ ̇ ܘܗ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ. ܐܡܐ :ܐܙ ̱ܠܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱ ̈ ܘܗܝܶ :ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ـܘܦ ܳܪ ܐ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ݂ ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܘܗܝ ܰܘܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܝܬ ܩ ݂ ܰ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܰܕ ݁ ܶ ܐܚܕ ̇ ̈ ܘܗܝ ܰܘ ܺܐܩ ܽ ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗܶ : ܐܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ .ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܠܗܰ .ܘ ݁ ܽ ܝܡ ̇ ܘܗ. ݂ ܘܗ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱
Judith Ch.
She said to them: Command those who open 1 the city gates. I shall go out, and I shall complete the matter about which you have spoken to me. So they commanded the young men to open the gates for her, as she had asked, And the city watch did so. So Judith went out, she and her young maid with her. The city watch observed until she had gone down from the mountain. When she went straight into 2 the open country they saw her no more. She went directly into the heart of 3 the valley. She reached the first guard post of the sons of Assyria.
They seized her and asked her: 4 What is your news? From where have you come? Where are you going? She said to them: I am a daughter of the Hebrews. I have fled from them, for they are prepared to be delivered up to you to be devoured. 5
I have come to Elparna, the chief of your army, so that I can make known to him some reliable information. 6 I shall show him a way by which he may go and gain control of the whole mountain: not one of the men, not a living being, 7 will escape his notice. 8 When the servants heard her words they looked at her face — they were amazed by her beauty. 9 They said to her:
You have saved your life 10 by coming down at once 11 to see our lord. Now, approach his tent. One of us will escort you until they can hand you over to him. 12 ‘those who open’: lit. ‘the openers of’. ‘straight into’: lit. ‘directly into the midst of’. 3 ‘the heart of’: lit. ‘the midst of’. 4 ‘and asked her’: lit. ‘and asked her and were saying to her’. 5 ‘to be devoured’: lit. ‘for food’. 6 ‘some reliable information’: lit. ‘a word of truth’. 7 ‘men, not a living being’: lit. ‘children of flesh, nor a breath of life’. 8 ‘escape his notice’: lit. ‘be lost from him’. 9 ‘were amazed by her beauty’: lit. ‘were amazed by her beauty in their eyes exceedingly’. 10 ‘saved your life’: lit. ‘saved your life for good’. 11 ‘coming down at once’: lit. ‘you have hastened you came down’. 12 ‘hand you over to him’: lit. ‘deliver you into his hands’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ
݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܬܐܶ .ܘ ݁ ܽ ܐܡــܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܘ ܰ ܽ ܐܫܠــܡ ܐܦــܘܩ ܘ �ــܗܘܢ݁ .ܦ ܽܩــܘ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܦ ݂ܬ ܺܚܝــܢ ܬ�ܥــܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ــ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܡܝܰ .ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܠ ܰ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܶܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ܽܚܘܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܬ�ܥܶܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܐ ݂ܕܡܠ ܠܬܘܢ ܥܰ ̱ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀. ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܺܽ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܝܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ ـܗ .ܘ݂ ܳܕܩـ ̱ܘ ܘܥܒܕܘ ܒܢܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܟܢܐ .ܘܢ ݂ܦܩܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܗܝ ܘܛܠ ݁ ܰ ݂ ̈ ݂ ̱ ܺ ݁ ܳ ݂ ܰ ܳ ̱ ܶ ݂ ݁ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܽ ݂ ܳ ܰ ݂ ݂ܶ ݁ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܽ ܳ ݂ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܒܢܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܢܚܬ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܛܘܪ ܐ .ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܢܚܬ ݂ܬ �ܘܠܘܢܐ :ܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܚܙ ܐ ̇ ܘܗ. ܳܽ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܘܐ ܙ ̱ܠ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܐܘܠ ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ. ܝܬ݂ .ܘܦ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬ ܒܡܛܪܬܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܘܢܐ ݂ܬܪ ܳܝܨ ܐ ݂ ܘܫ ܽ ܘܗܳ .ܘ ܺ ܝـܬ ̱ܝܰ .ܘ� ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܡܐ ܶܛ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ .ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܶ ܝܡ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܬ ݁ ܰܘ ݁ ܽ ܘܗ ܰ ܐܠ ̇ ܐܚܕ ̇ ܝܟـܐ ܽ �ܗܘܢܰ ݁ .ܒـܪ ݂ܬ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳ��ܶـܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ .ܘܥ ܶ ܶ ܳܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝܶ .ܘ ܰ ـܬ ܶܡ ܽ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܢـܗܘܢܶ .ܡܛـܠ ܪܩ ݂ ̱ ̱ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܥܬܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ ܘܠܬܐ. ܫܬ ܳܠ ܽܡܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ܠܡ ݂ܐܟ ܕ ݂ ܺ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ �ـܘܬ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܝܬ ܳ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܽܟـܘܢܰ ݁ :ܕ ݁ ܫܬܐ. ܐܘܕܥܶـܗ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕܩـܘ ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܝܘܗܝ ܽܐ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ـܘܪ ܐ .ܘ� ܢܶܛܥܶـܐ ܶܡܢܶـܗ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢ ܰܐܙܠ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ .ܘܢܫܠܛ ܒ ݂ܟܠܗ ܛ ܐܚ ܺܘ ̱ ܶ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ݁ ܶܒ ܳ ܣܪ ܐܳ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳ� ܽܪ ܳ ܘܚܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̈ܝܐ. ܶ ܫܡܥ ـܘ ܥܰ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܶ ܶ ـܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ـܕ ܐ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܶܡ ̈ܝ ـ ̇ܗܳ :ܚــܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ܐܦ ̈ܝ ـ ̇ܗܰ .ܘ ݂ܬ ܺܡܝــܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܽܫـ ݂ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܰ ܳ ̱ ݂ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ ܛ ݂ܒܶ .ܘܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ـܬ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܰ ܢܚ ݁ ܰܐ ܺܚ ݁ ܐܣܬ ܰ ܪܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶ ـܪܢܶ .ܡ ݁ ܺܟܝـܠ ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܠܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ .ܕ ܽ ܫܟܢܶــܗ .ܘܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫــܐ ܶܡ ܰܢــܢ ܰܢܘ ݁ܒܠܽــܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ :ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܽ ܩܪܘ ݂ܒ ـ ̱ܝ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܫ�ܡــܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘܗܝ. ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̱
Judith Ch.
Chapter
When Judith ceased crying out to the God of Israel, had completed all her pleas, 1 She arose: she had been prostrate. She called to her young maid and went down to her house, where she spent Sabbaths and festivals.
She loosened the sackcloth (garment) which she wore, and cast off the signs 2 of her widowhood. She washed her mouth with water; she anointed (herself) with fine oil; she anointed the hair of her head;
She put sandals on her feet; she dressed in the garments of her high rank which she wore in the days of the life of Menashe her husband; she put a headband on her head, and put on her bracelets, bangles, rings, ear-rings, and all her ornament(s). She adorned herself with great care so as to attract 3 any man who looked at her.
She gave her maid a wineskin and a vessel containing oil; she filled a bag with barley meal, with cakes of dried figs, and bread, and she put a cheese in it. She packed these up 4 and gave them to her maid to carry. 5 The two of them went out, and they came to the city gate. There they found Uziah and the city elders, Habri and Carmi.
They saw that her appearance was transformed, 6 and that she had put on long garments. They were amazed by her beauty, and said to her:
May the God of our fathers look favorably on you, and may you complete your plan for the honor of the Israelites and the glory of Jerusalem. She fell on her face and made obeisance to God.
‘her pleas’: lit. ‘these words/matters’. ‘signs’: lit. ‘articles/garments’. 3 ‘attract’: lit. ‘allure the eyes of’. 4 ‘packed these up’: lit. ‘girded her articles’. 5 ‘gave them to her maid to carry’: lit. ‘and she set (them) on her maid’. 6 ‘that her appearance was transformed’: lit. ‘the transformation of her face’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܝ.
ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ ܝـܬ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܰܘ ܳ �ܝ ݂ ݀ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܰ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ: ܠܡ ݂ܓ ܳܥـܐ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܐܠـܗܐ ݂ܕ ـܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܶ ܬ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܫ ܰ �ܡ ݂ ݀ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ: ܳ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܳ ܝܬ ̇ܗܰ :ܐ ݁ ܳ ܝܟܐ ݂ܕ ܽܗ ܳ ܘ�ـܐ ܝܬܗ :ܘܢܚܬ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ܒ ܩܡ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܕܪܡܝܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ .ܘܩܪ ݂ܬ ܠܛܠ ݂ ܺ ܶ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒܥ̈ ݂ ܶܐܕ ܐ. ܰܘ ܳ �ܚ ݂ ݀ ܝܓـ ݂ ݀ ܫܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܰ ـܬ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܪܡܠܽ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܝܫـܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ܶ . ܠܣ ܳܩـܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܘܫ ܰ ܬ ـܘܬ ̇ܗ .ܘܐܫ ܰ ݂ ܬ ܰܣ ܳ ܘܡ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܽܦܘ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐܶ . ܫܚܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐܶ . ܫܚ ݂ ݀ ܥܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܺܪ ܳ ܘܡ ܰ ܝܫ ̇ܗ. ܫܚ ݂ܬ ܡ ܳ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̈ܶ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܶ ܝܫــܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܘܬ ̇ܗܰ ݁ :ܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܡܣܢ̈ ـܐ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓܠܶܝـ ̇ ـܬ ܘܣܡـ ݂ ـܗ .ܘܠ ݂ܒܫـ ݂ ـܬ ܡܐ ܢ ـܐ ݂ܕܚــܐܪ ݂ ܳ ܺ ̈ ـܗܳ . ـܗܳ . ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ܰܡـ ݂ ݀ ݁ܒ ܰ� ـ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܰܚ ܰ� ـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ـܬ ܣ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܟ ـܐ ݂ܒܪ ܳ ܡܢ ܶܫــܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ�ـ ̇ ܝܫـ ̇ ـܬ ܶ ̈ܳ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܶ ̈ ̇ ܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ̇ ܶ ܰ݁ ܰ ܬ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳܽܩ ̈ܘܠ ݁ ܶܒܝ ̇ܗܰ :ܘܐ ̈ܩ ܳ�ܢܶܝ ̇ܗ :ܘ�ܙܩ ݂ܬܗ :ܘܩ ݂ܕܫܝـܗ :ܘ ݂ܟܠـܗ ܨ ݂ܒـܬܗ .ܘܐܨ ܛܒـ ݂ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܠܡܚܛ ݂ܦ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶܙܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ܛ ݂ܒ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ �ܘܐ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܳ ܡܪ ܐܳ : ܡܬ ̇ܗ ܥ ܶ ܳ ـܬ ݁ܬ ܳ ܫܚܐܰ .ܘܡܠ ܳ ݂ ݀ ܘܡ ܳܐܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܳ ܝـܬܐ ܘܝܗܒ ݂ܬ � ݂ ܪܡـ� ܫܚܬ ݂ ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̈ ݀ ݀ ܶ ـܬ ܥـܠ ـܬ ܡܐ�ܝـ ̇ܗ .ܘܣܡ ݂ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܒ� ܘܠܚܡܐ .ܘܐܪܡܝ ݂ܬ ܬܡܢ ݁ܓ ݂ܒـܬܐ .ܘܚܙܩ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܡܬ ̇ܗ. ܐ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܐܫܟ ̈ܚ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽ ܬܐܶ .ܘ ݁ ܰ ܢܦ ̈ܩ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ� ݁ ܰܬ ܶ �ܥ ܺ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘܠ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ ܝܗܝܢܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ̈ܝ ݂ ܠܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܬܐܰ :ܚ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺ ܪܡܝ. ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ ܳ ܶ ܘܚ� ܳܦܐ ܰܕ ݁ ܶ ܘܡ ݂ ܳ ܚܙܘ ܽܫ ܳ ܐܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ـܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ. ܥܛܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ̈ܚ ݁ܬܝ ̇ܗܰ .ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡܗ ̱ܘ ܛـ ݂ܒ ܥܰـܠ ܽܫ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ. �ܡܝܢ ܺܨܢ ܽ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܚܡܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܫ ܺ ܗܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ ܢܶ ݁ܬ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ � ܰ� ܶ ܝܥ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܽ ܠܫܘ ݂ܒ ܳܚܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܰ ܺܐ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܰܘ ܰ �ܪ ܳ ܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗܶ : ܘܡܐ ݂ ܽܕܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡ .ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ � ܳܠ ܳܗܐ.
Judith Ch.
For look! the Assyrians have grown numerous in their strength, have exalted themselves with their horses and their horsemen, They have exalted 1 themselves with the strength 2 of their foot-soldiers, strengthened themselves with swords. They put their trust in bows and slings. They did not know that you are he, the Lord who stamps out 3 wars. The Lord is your name. Break their strength, O King of the ages; shatter their multitude; break their might in your anger, for they planned to defile the sanctuary of your habitation, of the glory of your name, to break up 4 with iron (tools) the horns of your altar. Look on their pride — send your anger upon them; 5 give into my hands, widow as I am, the strength (to do) as I purpose. Strike the man with the deceit of my lips — the head, the ruler. Break his strength with a woman’s hand!
For it is not in the greatness 6 of his might, of his strength, nor in your favor to the mighty — for you are the God of the humble, helper of the weak, support of the sick, deliverer of the lost.
Yes, Lord God of my father, God of the inheritance of Israel, Lord of the heavens and the earth, creator of water, king of all creatures: hear the voice of my supplication.
Use 7 my guile and my deception for slaughter, to strike these who oppose 8 your covenant, who stand before the house of your sanctuary and the mountain of Zion, (who oppose) the power of your children, for they have intended evil concerning us: Do (so) to all the people, all the tribes, that they may know that you are the God of every power, of every authority, that there is no other who cherishes Israel, (none) other than you. ‘exalted’: different Syriac root from that in Judith 9:6. ‘strength’: lit. ‘arm’. 3 ‘stamps out’: lit. ‘shatters’. So too Judith 16:3. 4 ‘break up’: lit. ‘lay low/cast’. 5 ‘upon them’: lit. ‘on their head’. 6 ‘greatness’: lit. ‘multitude’. 7 ‘Use’: lit. ‘Give’. 8 ‘oppose’: lit. ‘stand before’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ
ܫــܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ ܝ�ــܗܘܢܶ :ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡــ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܽ ܣܓܝــܘ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܽ ܳ ܘܗܐ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘ ܳ��ܶــܐ ܺ ܝــܗܘܢ. ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܫܬܩܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶ�ܓ ܳ� ܳܝܐܶ . ܘܡ ݂ܬܥܰ ܺ ܘܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܟܠܝـܢ ܥܰـܠ ܫܢܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈� ݁ ܶܦـܐ. ܘܡ ܳ ݂ ܳ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܳ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܶܩ ̈ܫܬ ݂ܬܐ ܘܩ�ܥܐ .ܘ� ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܕܐܢ̱ܬ ̱ܗܘ ܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܰ ܡܫ ܶܚܩ ܩ� ݂ܒܐ܆ ܶ ــܗܘܢܰ :ܡ ݁ ܳ ــܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـــܪ ܰܚܝ�ـ ܽ ܫܡـــ ݂ܟܰ .ܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܪ�ـــܐ ܳ ܳܡ ܳ �ܟـــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ� ̈ܡـــܐܰ .ܘܫ ܽܚـــܘܩ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܡـܬ ݂ܟܶ .ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺܝـܘ ܠܡܛܡـܐܘ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܽܝ ܐܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ݁ .ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܽܥـܘܫܢܗܘܢ ܒܚ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܝܢܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܫܡ ݂ܟܰ .ܘܢ ܽ ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܪܡܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦ�ܙ� ܰܩ� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚ ݂ܟ. ܡܩܕܫܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ܟ ـܕܪ ܽܪܘܓـ ܳـܙ ݂ܟ ܥܰــܠ ܺܪܝܫـ ܽ ܚـ ܺـܙܝ ݂ܒ ܽܫــܘ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܽܪܗܘܢܰ . ـܗܘܢܰ .ܗ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܰ ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ ـܝ ـܕܝ ݁ ܺܕܝܠـ ̱ ݂ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܘܫܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺ ݁ ܠܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐܽ :ܥ ܳ ܝܬ. ܕܐܪܡ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܺ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܳ ܡܚܝ ܰ ܘܫܠܝܛܐ݁ .ܬ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܽܥـܘܫܢܶܗ ܛܥ� ܽܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܣ ݂ ̈ܦ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ :ܥܠ ܪܝܫܐ ݁ ܺ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܶ ݂݁ ܳ ܒܐܝ ݂ܕܗ ܕܢܩܒ ݂ܬܐ. ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳܶ ܘܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶܗ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܽܣ ݂ܳ ܝܠܬܢ̈ـܐ. ܘܥܘܫܢܶܗܳ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܡܘܗ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܒܚ ݂ ܡܣ ܳ ـܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܟ ـܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܝ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺ�ܝـ ܶ ܡ� ݁ ܰܕ ܳܪ ܳܢــܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ـܗܐ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܶܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳ ـܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܺܨܝ ـ ܶ� ܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ـܗܐ. ݂ܳ ܘܦ ܽܪ ܳ ܘܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݁ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܶܕ ܐ. ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ܽ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܶܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠܳ :ܡ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܐܪܥـܐ: ܐܝܢ ܡ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܶܗܗ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܒ ̱ܝ :ܘܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܝ ܰ ܳܳ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܒܪܘ�ܐ ݂ܕܡܝܐ :ܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܒ�ܝ ݂ܬܐ :ܫܡܥ ܩ� ݂ܕ ݂ܒܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ. ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܘܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܠܝ ܰ ܰ ܝܡܝـܢ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ܘܡ ܳ ـܘܩܒܠ ܛܥ� ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ܠܩܛ� ܘܠܡܚ ܘܗ ݂ܒ ܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ ݂ ܽ ܘܛ ܳ ܩܝ ܳܡ ݂ܟ :ܘ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܨ ܽ ܳ ܝܬ ܽܐ ݁ ܳ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܘܚܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ݁ܟ. ܩܕ ܳܫ ݂ܟ: ܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܗܝܘܢ :ܘ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܓܝܪ ܥܠܰܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫ ݂ܬܐ. ܽ ܶ ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ـܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ ܬܐ݁ .ܕܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥـܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܗܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܘܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܫ� ݂ܒـ ݂ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܝܬ ܐ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܡܪ ܶܚ ݂ـܦ ܥܰـܠ ܐ ܳ ܚܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݂ ܰ ܠܒـܪ ܺܚܝܠ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ܟܠ ܽܫܘܠ�ܢ .ܘܠ ݁ ̱ ܶܡ ܳܢ ݂ܟ.
Judith Ch.
XIV
Chapter
Judith fell on her face, spread ash on her hair, 1 tore her coat and revealed the sackcloth which she wore. At the time when incense was offered up in Jerusalem, in the house of the Lord, that evening, Judith cried out aloud to the Lord and said: Lord, God of Simeon my father, you gave into his hand a sword to take vengeance on the enemies who uncovered 2 the virgin’s hair so as to defile her, revealed her nakedness so as to shame her, 3 defiled her womb to her shame, 4 for she said that it would not be thus —
Because of this you gave up their noblemen to slaughter, their bed to be stained with blood 5 (on which) you received the blood of your beloved, you smote the servants with their lords and the noblemen on their thrones.
They gave their wives into captivity, 6 their daughters as spoil, they divided all their spoil among your loved ones; they were jealous for you, 7 exposed the pollution of their blood, they called to you to help them — O my God, hear me, me too, for I am a widow. For you did all the former things, and all the things since then, 8 and later too, for you thought, and (so) they were; you purposed, And they stood before you — you called, and they said: Look! We stand before you. For all your ways are prepared, your creation revealed before you.
‘spread ash on her hair’: lit. ‘cast ash on her head’. ‘uncovered’: lit. ‘loosened, unbound’. 3 ‘to shame her’: lit. ‘for shame’. 4 ‘to her shame’: lit. ‘for a reproach’. 5 ‘to be stained with blood’: lit. ‘(on which) you received the blood of your beloved’. 6 ‘captivity’ or ‘exile’. 7 ‘were jealous for you’: lit: ‘preserved your jealousy’. 8 ‘since then’: lit. ‘the middle things’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ: ܨܚ ܝܕ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܛ.
ܺ ܬ ܶܩ ܳ ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݂ ݀ ܐܪܡܝ ݂ ݀ ܝܫ ̇ܗܰ . ܛܡܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܳ ܝܬ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗܰ .ܘ ܰ ܬ ݁ ܽܟـ ݁ܘܬ ܳܝܢ ̇ܗ. ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܳ ܽ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܓܠܺܝ ܰܣ ܳܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܠ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܝܬܗ ܝܫܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ�ܶ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܰܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܒ ݂ܒ ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܬ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܶܒ ̈ܣ ܶܡܐ݁ :ܒ ܰܪ ܳ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀. ܡܫܐ ܰܗܘ݁ :ܓ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ـܗܗ ݁ ܳܕܐ ݂ܒـ ̱ܝ ܶܫ ܽ ܡܥــܘܢ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺܒܐܝـ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܶ ܪ�ــܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܶ ܳܡ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥــܘ ܶܡــܢ ܽ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܫــܪܘ ܰܣ ܳ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ̈ܶܒــܐܰ ݁ .ܕ ܰ ܡܛ ܳܡــ ܽܐܘܰ .ܘܓܠܰــܘ ݁ ܽܦــ ܳ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܘܪܣ ܳܝ ̇ܗ ܥــܪ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܘܠــܬܐ ܠ ܳ ݂ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܐܡܪܬ݀ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ܶ ܣܕ ܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܘܛ ܰܡ ܽܐܘ ܰܡܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥ ̇ܗ ܠ ܶܚ ݁ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ. ܠ ݂ܒܗܬ ݂ܬܐ. ܶ ܳ ܛـ�݂ .ܘܬܶ ܺ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ݁ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢ ܽ ܝܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ݁ܒܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ـܬ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ̇ ܝـܗܘܢ ܠܩ ـܗ ܫـܘ ݂ ݁ ܰ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܝܬ ܥܰ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰܡ ܳܡ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܰ ܬ ݂ܟܰ :ܘ ܰ ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܽܟܘ� ܰܣ ܳܘ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܕܚܒܝ ݂ܒ ܡܚ ݁ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ :ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒܙ ݂ܬܐ .ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒ ܰܙ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܦܠ ݂ܓ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܝܢܝ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ ܩܪܐܘ ݂ܟ ܽ ܡܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܳ ܐܘܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܶܕ ܽ ܢܛܪ ̱ܘ ܳ �ܥـܘ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܽܢܗܘܢ. ܚܒܝ ݂ܒܝܟ .ܕ ܛ� ܳܢ ݂ܟ݂ :ܘܦܪܣܝܘ ܛܡ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܠܬܐ ܐ̱ܢܐܳ. ܝܢܝ ܐ ݂ܦ ܠܝ ݂ܕܐܪܡ ܐ ܳܠܗ ̱ܝ ܫܡܥ ̱ ܽ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܬ݁ܶ ܪܟـܢܶ .ܡܛـܠ ـܬܐ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܕܡـܢ ܒ ݂ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ̱ܬ ܥ ݂ܒـܕܬ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܡܨ�ܝ ݂ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪܥܺ ݁ ܝܬ ܰܘ ܰ ܗܘܘܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ܰ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟܰ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳܗܐ ܳܩ ܺ ܩܪ ݁ܝܬ ܶܘ ܰ �ܗܝܢ ܐܘ� ܳܚ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ܝܡܝܢ ܚܢܢ .ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܟ ܺ̈ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܝܬ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܓ ܳ �ܝܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ. ܥܬܝ ݂ܕܢ .ܘ ݂ܒܪ ݂ ݂
Judith Ch.
When he tried them, testing their heart(s), and us too: he was not taking vengeance (on us); rather, the Lord struck us to chastise us, for we are close to him. Uziah said to her: All that you have said, you have said from your heart. 1 There is no-one who would oppose your advice.
Your wisdom is not newly recognized today, but has long been known. 2 All the people know your good understanding, for you have a good heart. 3 But the people are very thirsty, and are compelled to act, for their own sake, as we said to you: they have made us take 4 an oath which we cannot break. 5
Now, beseech on our behalf — perhaps the Lord our God will answer you, for you are a God-fearing woman — and the Lord our God will send rain, our cisterns will be filled, and we shall not perish.
Judith said to them: Hear me! I will do a wise deed which will be remembered by our families and by our descendants, 6 (passed down) to future generations. 7 Stand at the gate tonight. I and my young maid — in the days of which you have said ‘After them, the city will be delivered up to our enemies’ the Lord will rescue Israel, by my hands, by that in which I trust.
You should not ask what I am going to do: 8 for I shall not reveal it to you until that which I shall do is completed.
Uziah, and the noblemen, said to her: Go in peace, and may the Lord go before you, may he avenge us on our enemies. They turned, they went out of the temple and went to their houses.
‘your heart’: lit. ‘a good heart’. ‘has long been known’: lit. ‘from days of old’. 3 ‘you have a good heart’: lit. ‘the thought of your heart is good’. 4 ‘made us take’: lit. ‘brought upon us’. 5 ‘break’: lit. ‘transgress’. 6 ‘by our families and by our descendants’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘future generations’: lit. ‘the children of our people’. 8 ‘what I am going to do’: lit. ‘my deeds’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܟܙ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰܚܪ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܽ ܣܝ ܳ �ܗܘܢ �ܢܶ ܽ ܥـܬܐ :ܐ� ܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢܳ .ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܠܢ � ̱ܗܘܐ ܠ ݂ܬܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܪ�ܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰ ܘܬܐ ܳܡ ܶܚܐ ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܳ ܚܢܢ ܶܠܗ. ܠܡܪܕ ݂ ـܪܬ ̱ܝܰ . ܘܠ ݁ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐܽ ݁ .ܟܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܟܚ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽܥ ܺ ـܪܬ ̱ܝ݁ :ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܐܡ ݁ ܝـܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܽܢܩـܘܡ ܘܩܒܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ �ܟ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܶܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܟܛ ܳܘ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡܢ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬܝܰ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ ݀ ܡܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ .ܐ� ܶܡـܢ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ̈ܝـܐܳ :ܝـ ݂ ܰܕܥ ܬ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܘܠܬ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܽܚ ܳ ܘܫ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܽܟ ݂ ܰ ݁ܺ ܐܡܪܢ ܽ ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܽ ܐܢܣܘܢ ܶ ܠ ܶܐ ܳ� ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܺܨܗܝ ܳܛ ݂ܒܰ .ܘ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܝܬܝـܘ �ـܗܘܢ .ܘ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܚܢܢ ܶ ܫܟ ܺܚܝܢ ܰ ܬܐܳ .ܘ� ܶܡ ݁ ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪ ̇ܗ. ܥܠܝܢ ܡܘܡ ݂ ـܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܰܗܢܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ݂ܒ ܳܥܝ ܥܠܰܝܢ݁ :ܟ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܢܶܥܢܶܝ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܳܡ ܳ ـܬ ̱ܝ � ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ̈ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܐܠ ܰܗܢ ܶܡܛܪ ܐ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܘܢ ݁ ܽܓܘ ݁ ܰܒܝܢ .ܘ� ܽ ݁ ܳܕܚܠ ݂ܬ ܐܠ ܳܗܐܰ .ܘ ܰܢܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܳܡ ܳ ܢܣ ݂ܘܦ. ܳ ܳ ܝܬܽ .ܫ ܽ ܠܒ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܡـܬܐ݁ .ܕ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܫܬ ݂ ܶܒـܩ ܘܢܝ ܶܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܨ ݂ ܽܒـ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܚ ݂ܟ ݂ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܘܡܥ ̱ ܠܫ ݂ ܰ ܠܫ ݂ ܰ �ܒܢ ܰܘ ܰ ܰ �ܒܢ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ. ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ـܪܬܘܢ: ܝܬ ̱ܝ .ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܐܡ ܠܓ ܽܩܘܡ ̱ܘ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܒܠ�ܝܐ ܗܢܐ .ܘܐܢܐ ܘܛܠ ݂ ܺ ݁ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܪ�ـܐ ܺ� ܳ ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܽ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـܢ :ܢܶ ݁ܦـ ܽܪܘܩ ܳܡ ܳ ܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܝܣܪܐܝܶـܠ ܫ�ܡܘܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ܒ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݂ ܺܟ ܳܝ� ܐ̱ܢܐܳ. ܠܕ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳ� ݂ܬܶ ݂ܒ ܽܨܘܢ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰ ̈ܕܝܳ :ܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ݂ܳܓ ܳ �ܝܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ .ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕܢܶܫܠܰـܡ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ. ܰ ܠـܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܫ� ܳܡــܐܳ . ܠܗ ܶܘ ܰ ـܗ ܽܥ ܺ ܪ�ـܐ ܺܢـ ܰ ܘܡ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ܳ�ـ ̇ ـܐܙܠ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡ ݂ܝܟـ ̱ܝ. ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶــܐ :ܙܶ ̱ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܰܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ. ܳ ܰ ܠܘ ܶܘܐܬ ݁ܦ ܺܢܝܘ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ� ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ. ݂
Judith Ch.
But we should await his salvation, call upon him to help us. If he pleases, he will hear our voice. For there has not arisen in our family, 1 in our time, neither tribe nor family, neither people nor city, (anyone) of yours, 2 that worships gods that are the work of man’s hands, as happened in the days of old. Because of this, our fathers were despoiled, destroyed; 3 they fell before their enemies — a great disaster. We, however, know no God other than him, who has turned his face from us. 4
If we are delivered up, all Judea too will be delivered up. Our holy places will be despoiled, the Lord will hold us responsible for 5 their desecration;
The slaughter of our brothers, the captivity of the country, the desecration of our inheritance, he will bring on our head(s) among the nations, and we will labor there: it will be a stumbling-block and a reproach before all our neighbors. For our servitude will not be for good, but the Lord our God will use it 6 to dishonor us.
Now we should take 7 responsibility for our brothers, for they depend on us, their lives, the sanctuary, the temple, and the altar depend 8 on us — And greater than all these, it would be pleasing to God, who is testing us as (he did) their fathers.
Remember all he did concerning Abraham and Isaac, all that happened to Jacob (in the land) between the rivers when he tended the flocks of Laban, his mother’s brother, ‘family’ or ‘generation’. ‘of yours’; lit. ‘from/of you’. 3 ‘despoiled, destroyed’: lit. ‘given for spoil and for destruction’. 4 ‘from us’: lit. ‘from our people’. 5 ‘hold us responsible for’: lit. ‘seek their desecration from our blood’. 6 ‘use it’: lit. ‘do it’. 7 ‘take’: lit. ‘accept’. 8 ‘depend … depend’: two different Syriac roots. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܙ ܝܚ
ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ
ܟܓ ܟܕ ܟܗ ܟܘ
ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ ܶܐ ܳ� ܰܢܩ ܶܘܐ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܠܦ ܳ ܘܬܢܶ .ܘܐܢ ܢܶܨ ݁ ܶܒܐ܆ ܢܶ ܰ ܫܡܥ ݁ܒ ܳܩܠܰܢ. ܝܘܗܝ ܠܡ�ܕܪ ݂ ܘܪܩܢܶܗ ܘܢܶܩܪ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܬܢܳ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ ܳ� ܳ ܡܛܠ ܕ� ܩܡ ܒܫܪ ܒ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܰܡܝܢܰ � :ܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦـ� ܰܫܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ: ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܺ ݂ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܥܡܐ ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܡܢ ݂ܟܘܢ :ܕܣ ݂ܓܕܝܢ �ܠܗܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܐܝ ݂ܕ�ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐ̱ܢܫܐ: ܳ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܰܕܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝܢ. ܳܳ ܶܺ ܶ ܰܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܠܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܙܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܐ ݂ܒܗܝܢ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳ ܰ݁ܽ ݁ܳ ܘܠܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ. ܡܦ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܚܢܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ � ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥܢ � ܳܠܗ ܠ ݂ܒܪ ܡܢܗ :ܕܢ ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ. ܚܢܢܳ :ܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬܶ ݁ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕܐܢ ܢܶ ݁ ܫܬ ܶܠܡ ܰ ܫܬ ܶܠܡ .ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܽܙܙܘܢ ܽܩ ̈ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫܝܢ. ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܐܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡܢ. ܘܢ ݂ܬܒܥ ܡ ܪ�ܐ ܛ ܽܡ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ݁ܽ ܰ ܘܬܢܰ :ܢ ݁ ܶ ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܥܰܠ ܺܪ ܰ ܝـܬ ܝܫܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܘܩܛ� ݂ܕܐܚܝܢ :ܘܫ ݂ܒ ܰ ݂ ܐܘܬܐ ݂ܕܝܪܬ ݂ ܝܬܐ ݂ܕܐܪܥܐ :ܘܛܡ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܽ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ـܬܐ ܘܠܚܣـ ݁ـܕ ܐ ܩ ـ ݂ܕܡ ܟ�ــܗܘܢ ܠܬܘܩܠـ ݂ ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡـܐ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠــܘܚ ݁ܬܡــܢ .ܘܢــܗܘܐ ݂ ܫ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ. ܰ �ܨ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ ܠܛܝ ݁ ܽܒܘܶ .ܐ ܳ� ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܕܗ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ ܰ ܥܪ ܐ. ܗܘܐ ܽܫܘܥ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܕܢ ܰ ܳ ܫـܗܘܢܽ . �ܝـܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܰ ܚܢܢ ܰܢܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܰ� ܰܚ ̈ܝܢܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܒܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ ܘܗ ݁ܝܟـ� ܘܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫـܐ ܘܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐܰ ݁ :ܒܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܩ ܺ ܰ ܝܡܝܢ. ܰ ܰ ܰ݁ܺ �ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ݁ ܰ ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܫܦܪ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐܰ ݁ .ܕ ܰ ܡܢ ܶܣܐ ܰܠܢ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ܢ. ܘܝ ܰ �ܝ ܽ ܐܝܣܚـܩܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܰ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ݇ܟܪ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܥܰـܡ ܐ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܳܗܡ ܺܘ ܳ ܥܩـܘ ݂ܒ ܰ ܘܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܶ ܝܬ ܰܢܗ ܺ�ܝܢܰ ݁ :ܟ ݂ܕ ܳܪܥܶܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܠ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܐ ܽܚ ̇ ܐܡܗ. ݁ ܶܒ ݂
Judith Ch.
She heard the words of the wicked people to the leader 1 — for they were suffering from the shortage of water — and Judith heard all that Uziah said as he listened to them. He swore to them that after six days they would hand over the city to the children of Assyria. She sent her servant who supervised her storeroom, and summoned Uziah, Habri, and Carmi, the city elders.
They came to Judith, and she said to them: Listen to me, (you) people of rank and (all) inhabitants of Beth-palu: for what you said in front of the people today was not good. You have ratified the oath which they swore, (which was) between you and God: you said that the city would be handed over to our enemies unless the Lord our God returns to help us. Now — who are you, that you test God? Were you gods among men,
That you test the opinion of the mighty Lord? Does a man comprehend 2 eternity?
He cannot plumb the depths of the hearts of men, nor do you understand their thoughts: so how can you understand God, 3 who made all these, or know his mind, comprehend 4 his thoughts? No, my brothers — do not anger the Lord our God. For if he does not want to help us during the five days, whenever he wishes he has the power to protect us, to defeat 5 our enemies before us.
For you do not influence 6 the Lord God, for he is not like man, God, that he may be revealed, 7 not like mankind to fail. 8
‘to the leader’: lit. ‘which they spoke to the leader’. ‘comprehend’: lit. ‘know’. 3 ‘understand their thoughts … understand God’: lit. ‘bring to remembrance the thoughts of their minds … bring to remembrance God’. 4 ‘comprehend’: lit. ‘make to understand’. A different Syriac root from that in the first clause of this verse. 5 ‘defeat’: lit. ‘break’. 6 ‘influence’: lit. ‘weaken the mind of’. 7 ‘be revealed’ or ‘reveal himself’. 8 ‘fail’ or ‘be diminished’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܰ ܝܫــܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ �ܪ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܰܩـ ݂ ݀ ܘܫܡܥܰـ ݂ ݀ ܶ ـܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ـܬ ܐܡـܪ ܽ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܝܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ ܘܫܡܥܰ ݂ ݀ ܫܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܒ ܺܨ ܽܝܪ ݂ܘܬ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐܶ . �ـܗܘܢ ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܫـܬܐ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܰ :ܢ ܽ ܝܡܐ ܽ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܨ ݂ܬ ܐ ܽܢܘܢܺ .ܘ ܳ ܽܥ ܺ ܫ�ܡـܘܢ ܰܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ܳܽ ܰܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ. ܰ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ܳܽ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐܰ : ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳܕ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗܰ :ܘ ܳ ܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܳ �ܥ ܺ ܘܠ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝ: ܝܡܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܘܫܕܪ ݂ܬ ܦܪܤܛܝ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܘܠ ݂ܟܪܡܝ :ܩܫܝܫܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ. ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ �ܗܘܢܽ .ܫ ܽ ܝܬܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽ ܐܬܘ ܳ ܘܡܥـܘܢ ̱ܝ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ: �ܘ ݂ܬ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ܝـܬ ݂ ܘܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܘ݂ ݁ܰ ܽ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܦܠܘ .ܡܛـܠ ܕ� ̱ܗܘܐ ܛ ݂ـܒ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡـܐ ܕܡܠܠـܬܘܢ ܩـ ݂ܕܡ ܥܡـܐ ܝܘܡܢـܐ. ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܠܡ ܳ ܝܡ ـܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢ ݁ ܽ ـܪܬܘܢ ܰ ܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܰ ܫ� ܽܡــܘ ܝܟــܘܢ ܘ�ܠــܗܐ .ܘܐܡـ ܰܘ ܺܐܩܝܡــܬܘܢ ܡ ـܘܡ ݂ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ �ܥ ܶ ݂ܕ ܰܪܢ. ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܠ ݂ܒܥܠܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܝܢ :ܐܢ � ܡ ݂ܬܦܢܐ ݂ܒܗܘܢ ܡ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܰܡܢ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܝـܬ ܡܢܣܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ �ܠܗܐ :ܘܗܘ ܝـܬܘܢ ܐ ܳܠـ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ. ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ .ܘܐ ܳܢܫ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕܥ ܳ �ܥܠܰܡ. ܘܡܢܣܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܬܪܥ ݂ ܝܬܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂ ̱ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳܰ ܽ ܳ ܽܥ ܳ ܘܡܩܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܳܢ ܳܫܐ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢ � ܰܡ ݂ܕܪ ݂ ܺܟܝـܢ ܫܟܚ ܘܡܚܫ ݂ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ�ܥ�ܢ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ܝـܬܗ ܐ ܶܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ .ܘܐܝܟܢܐ �ܠܗܐ ܶ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܗܠܝܢ ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ܕܪ ݂ܟܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـܬܘܢ .ܐܘ ܬܪܥ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ݁ܰ ܣܬ ݁ܟܠܽܘܢ �ܳ .ܐ ܰ ̈ܚܝ݂ �ܳ .ܬ ݁ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ. ܪܓ ܽܙܘܢ ܠܡ ݁ܬ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ :ܘܡܚܫ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܗ ܬ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܽ :ܗܘ ܰܫܠܺܝܛ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܘܬܢ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ܰܚ ܳ ܐܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ � ܢܨܒܐ ܠܡ�ܕܪ ݂ ݁ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐܰ :ܢ ݁ ܶܓܢ ܥܠܰܝܢ .ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝܢ. ܰ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫـܐ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܕܝܢ � ݂ܬܡܣܟܢܘܢ ܬܪܥܝ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܓ� .ܘ� ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܪܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܨܪ.
Judith Ch.
XIII
Chapter
In those days, there lived in the city Judith, daughter of Merari, son of Uz, son of Joseph, son of Uzil, son of Alkana, son of Hanan, son of Gebeon, son of Daphnin, son of Ahitob, son of Nain, son of Malcaia, son of Ir, son of Nethania, son of Shalmuel, son of Shemeon, son of Israel.
Her husband was Menashe, of her (own) tribe; he had died during the barley harvest.
He had been supervising the reapers in the field and got sunstroke; 1 he took to 2 his bed and died in Beth-palu, their city. They buried him with his fathers, in the field between Rothim and Belmon. Judith had lived in her house as a widow for three years and four months. She had made a shelter for herself on the roof of her house; she put on sackcloth. 3 She was dressed in the clothing of her widowhood.
She fasted every day of her widowhood, except for Sabbaths, New Moons, festivals, celebrations, and the Israelite commemorations.
She was beautiful, her face was comely, she 4 was wise, good, and prudent. She was very wealthy, for her husband Menashe had left her gold, silver, servants, maidservants, cattle, and fields; she lived on her estate. 5 No-one spoke ill of her, for she was very devout. 6
‘got sunstroke’: lit. ‘the heat beat on his head’. ‘took to’: lit. ‘fell on’. 3 ‘sackcloth’: lit. ‘sackcloth on her loins’. 4 ‘she’1: lit. ‘her heart’. 5 ‘on her estate’: lit. ‘in them’. 6 ‘was very devout’: lit. ‘feared God greatly’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ: ܨܚ ܝܓ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܚ.
ܳ ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢܳ :ܥ ܳ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬ ܡ ܳܪ ܺܪܝܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܽܥܘܨܰ ݁ :ܒـܪ ܡܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܒܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܝܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ ݁ ݁ ݁ ݁ ݁ ܶ ܘܣ ݂ܦ :ܒܪ ܥܘܙܝܠ :ܒܪ ܐܠܩܢܐ :ܒܪ ܚܢܢ :ܒܪ ݁ܓ ݂ܒܥـܘܢ :ܒـܪ ݁ܕ ݂ܦܢܝـܢ :ܒـܪ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܺ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܺ ܰ ܽ �ܡܘܐܝܠܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܢܬܢܝܐ :ܒܪ ܫ ܐ ܺܚܝܛܘ ݂ܒܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܰܢܐ ܝܢܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܡܠ ݂ܟܝܐ :ܒܪ ܥܝܪ :ܒܪ ݂ ܶ ܽ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܫܡܥܘܢ :ܒܪ ܐ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗܺ . ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐ. ܘܡ ݂ ܘ ݂ܒܥ�ܗ ܡܢܫܐ ܡܢ ܫܪ ܒ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܽ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ܝܫܗܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܘܨܚ ܽܚ ܳ ܢܦܠ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܶ ܘܡܐ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ܶ ܩ�ܰ : ܪܣـܗ. ݁ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰܠ ܚܨ ݂ܘܕ ܐ ݂ܒܚ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܡܕܝܢ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢܽ ܰ . ܺ ܝـܬ ܘܗܝ ܥܰـܡ ܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ܰܗ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩـ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܝܬ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܘܡ ܺ ݂ ܘܩ ݂ܒـܪ ̱ ܝܬ ݁ܦܠܘ ݂ ܺ ̱ ܝܬ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ܽ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܡܶ ݂ : �ܡܘܢ. ܘܒ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܝܬ ̇ܗ݁ :ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܺ ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܺ ܐܪܒ ܳܥܐ ܝܰ ܺ ܫ� ̈ܝܢ ܰܘ ݁ �ܚܝܢ. ܝܬ ܡܪܡ� ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ܘܕ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܐܣܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܣ ܳܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ̈ܨܶ ̇ܝܗܳ . ܝܬ ̇ܗܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܳܫـܐ ܠܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܓܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܡܛ ܳ ݂ ܰ ܽ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ. ܰ ܽ ܳ ܺ ̈ܶ ܰ ܤܛܪ ܶܡـܢ ܰܫ ݁ ̈ܶܒـܐ ܺ ܘܨ ܳ ܘܪܝـܫ ܝܰ ܶ ܳ ـܐܕ ܐ ܝܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܐܪܡܠ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ: �ܚـܐ ܘܥ ݂ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܽ ̈ ݁ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܝܬ ܐ ܘܚ ݂ܕܘ ݂ܬܐ :ܘܥ ̱ܘܗܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳ ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ــܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܶܚـ ܳ ــܙܘ ̇ܗܳ : ܘ�ـــܐܶܐ ܽܩـــܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܠ ܳ� ̇ܗܰ : ܘܚ ݁ ܺܟܝـــܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒـــ ̇ܗ :ܘܛ ݂ ܳܒـــܐ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܰ݁ܺ ܳ ܽ ܡܢ ܶܫـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ـܗ ܰ ܰ ܥ� ̇ ܬ ܳܝܪ ܐ ܛ ݂ܒܶ .ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕܫ ݂ ܰܒـܩ ܳ� ̇ ـܗ: ܘܠܬܢܝܐ .ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܥ ܘܣ ݁ ܽܟ ݂ ݁ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܘ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ ܝܪ ܐ ܽ ܣܦܐ :ܘܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐܰ :ܘܐ ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ ܳܬܐܰ :ܘ ݂ܒܥܺ ܳ ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐܳ . ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܬ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ. ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܘܠ ݁ ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܶܡ ܳ� ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܝܫܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕܚ� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܛ ݂ܒ.
Judith Ch.
Now, call to them, deliver up the city to them, for exile, for plunder, to the people of Elparna and to all his army.
For it would be better for us that we should be slaves and handmaidens to them — and live, 1 and not see with our (own) eyes the death of our infants, our wives, our children, as they 2 become exhausted.
We witness to you, heaven and earth, and the Lord God of our fathers, who takes vengeance on us according to our sins, to do such things day by day. There were many tears (shed) in the crowd, they cried out to the Lord God, aloud, all together.
Uziah said to them: Have courage, my brothers! Let us wait five more days.
Perhaps the Lord our God will turn to us in mercy 3 — for he will not desert us before the end. If the five days pass by and we have no help 4 we will do as you say. 5 Then he led the people: each to his tent, to the walls and towers of the city; the women and the children he dismissed to their houses. They were brought very low.
‘live’: lit. ‘our soul will live’. ‘they’: lit. ‘their soul’. A common idiom which will not be cited subsequently. 3 ‘in mercy’: lit. ‘his mercies’. 4 ‘we have no help’: lit. ‘help shall be to us’. 5 ‘as you say’: lit. ‘according to these words’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܟܘ ܟܙ ܟܚ
ܟܛ ܠ � ܠܒ
ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰ ܩܪܘ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢܰ :ܘܐܫܠܶܡـ ̱ܘ ܽ ܳ ܬܐ ܶ �ـܗܘܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝـܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ �ܥܰ ܶܡـܗ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܰܘܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ. ܰ ̈ ݁ܶ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܗܘܐ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܰܠܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܶ ܘܬܐ ܶܚـܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܰܫـܢܳ .ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ ܚـܙ ܐ �ـܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒـܕ ܐ ܘܐܡـܗ ݂ܬܐ݂ ܰ : ܳ ܘܬܐ ܕܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ ܰܕܝܢܰ :ܘܕܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝܢ :ܘ ܰܕܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܢܰ ݁ :ܟܕ ܶܡ ݁ܬܛ ݂ ܳ ܪܦܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܫܗܘܢ. ݂݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝܢ ܰܡ ݁ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܫܡ ܳܝــܐ ܰܘ ܳ ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܽ ܐܪܥــܐܳ : ܚܢــܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܘܢ ܰ ܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕܝــܢ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܘܡ ܳ ܗܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ̈ܗ ݂ܬܢ݁ .ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰ ܳ ܚܛ ܰܗܝ̈ـܢܶ : ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡـܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ܝـܟ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܶܡ ܰܢـܢ ܐ ݂ ݂ ݂ܕܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ. ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩـ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐ ܘܫܬܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܓܥܰܘ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܟܢ ܽ ܽ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ. ݂ܟ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܶܘ ܰ ܪܣܘ ܰܐ ܰܚ ̈ܝܰ .ܘ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ܽܥܘ ܺܙ ܳ�ܐܰ ݁ :ܬ ܰ ܢܣܝ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܚ ܳ ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ܐ̱ܚ ܳ� ܺܢܝܢ .ܛ ݂ܟ ܰܢ ݂ܦܢܶܐ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܪ�ܐ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܢ ܰ� ܽ ܰܠܢ ܳܡ ܳ ܘܗܝܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ� ܳܫ ݂ ܶܒܩ ܰܠܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܠܚ ݂ܪܬܐ. ܚܡ ̱ ܰ ܶ ܡܫܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܳ :ܘ� ܢܶ ܶ ܶܘܐܢ ܢܶܥ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܰܚ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܰܠـܢ ܽܥܘ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܳܢـܐ .ܢܶܥ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡـܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ. ܶ ܳ ܶ ܠܫــܘ ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܶܪܗ �ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ ܰ ܫܟܢܶــܗܰ :ܘ ܽ ܠܡ ݁ ܠܡ ݂̈ܓـ ݁ܕ� ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ .ܘܢܶ ̈ܫ ـܐ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܗܘܘ ݁ܒ ܽܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܘܟ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ. ܠܒ ܘܛ�ܝܐ ܫܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݂
Judith Ch.
The children of Esau and the Ammonites went up, and with them (went) twelve thousand of the children of Assyria. They pitched camp on the mountain opposite Rothim. Some of them encamped to the south and east, opposite Ekarbath, which faces Cush which is in the valley of Peor. The rest of the army of the children of Assyria pitched camp on the plain. They covered the face of the earth, together with 1 their tents and their equipment: they were exceedingly numerous.
The Israelites cried out to their God; their courage failed, for their enemies had surrounded them, and there was no way of escape from among them. The camps of the children of Assyria remained surrounding them, foot-soldiers, chariots, and horsemen, for two months and four days. The inhabitants of Beth-palu emptied their cisterns.
Their water containers were emptied, they had no drinking-water left. Their infants and women were exhausted, for they was no water left to drink, to satisfy them, (for even) one day: the water was measured out. 2
The infants, women, and young men were completely exhausted, lifeless 3 from thirst, they collapsed in the city streets, in the entrances to the gates, they had no strength.
The youths, the women, and the children gathered together against Uziah and the noblemen of the city. They shouted 4 aloud, they spoke in front of the elders: May the Lord judge between us and you — for you have done us great harm by not speaking peace to the children of Assyria.
Now there is no-one to help us, for the Lord has delivered us into their hands, so that we shall perish before them, from thirst, from terrible disaster. 5
‘together with’: lit. ‘camped among them’. ‘the water was measured out’: lit. ‘by measure they were giving them water’. 3 ‘lifeless’: lit. ‘finished’. 4 ‘shouted’: lit. ‘answered’. 5 ‘disaster’: lit. ‘destruction’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܚ
ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ
ܟܒ ܟܓ ܟܕ ܟܗ
ܰܘܣܠܶܩ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܥܺܝ ܽܣـܘܰ :ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ .ܘܥܰ ܽ ܡـܗܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢـ ̈ܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܽܬܘܪ ݁ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܥܣـܪ ܰ ܽ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܠܦ ̈ܝ ـܢܰ .ܘܫـ ܰ ܘܬܝــܡܰ .ܘܫـ ܰ ـܪܘ ܶܡܢـ ܽ ܠܬ ܳ ـܘܩܒܠ ܪ ܝܡܢــܐ ـܪܘ ݁ܒܛــܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܠـ ݂ ـܗܘܢ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ ـܘܩܒܠ ܥ ܶ ܰܩܪ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܬ ݁ܕ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܳܢܚܐܽ :ܠ ݂ ܰ ـܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܽܟـܘܫ ݁ܕܥܰـܠ ܰܢܚـ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܽܥـܘܪ. ܳܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܥــܬܐ .ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܺܣܝــܘ ܰܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝــ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܘܫ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܐܪܥــܐ. ܪܟــܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝــ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢــ ̈ܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ :ܫــܪܘ ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ܳ ܘܡ ܰܐ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ ܫܟ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳ ܰ ܫܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ . ܘܡ ݁ ܘܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܺܝܐܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܛ ݂ܒ. ܽ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܬ ܽܪ ܽ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܓܥܰܘ ܳ ܗܗܘܢܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟܪܝܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܚܗܘܢܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܚـ ݂ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢܰ . ܠܡ ܰ ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶ ܘܠ ݁ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܥܪܩ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܰ ܘܦ ܳ� ܶܫـܐ݁ :ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ܘܩܘܝ ܚ ݂ܕ �ܝـܗܘܢ ܡܫ�ܝ ݂ ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢـܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ� :ܓـ� ܘܡ� ܟ ݂ܒـ ݂ ܳܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܶ ̈ ܽ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܝܬ ܦܠܘ ݂ܓܘܒܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܝܗܘܢ. ܝܰ� ܺܚܝܢ ܰܘܐܪ ݁ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ .ܘܣ ݂ܦܩ ̱ܘ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܫܬ ܰܚـܪ ̱ܘ ܽ ܣܬ ݁ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘܳ .ܘ� ܶܐ ݁ ܘ ݂ܓ� ݂ܒܝܗܘܢ ܐ ܫـܬܐܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬܛ ܰܪ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ �ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝـܐ ܠܡ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ̈ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶܫܝܗܘܢ � .ܐܫܬܚܪ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ ܡܝܐ ܠܡܫـܬܐ :ܘܠܡܣܒـܥ ܚـ ݂ܕ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܠܬܐ ܝܳܗ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܽ ܽܝܘܡ .ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܝ �ܗܘܢ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ. ܗ�ܐܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܘܕ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܳ . ܘܓ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ ܰ ܘܣ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܨ ܳ ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ܰܛ ܰܪ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܥ ̈ ܳ�ܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܥܶܐ .ܘ� ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚܝ�. ܽ ܺܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܬܐ :ܥܠܰܝ ̈ܶܡܐ ܘܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܰܘ ܳ ܛ� ̈ܝܶܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܥܢܘ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܳ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܥܘܙ�ܐ ܘܥܠ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ ܶ ݁ܒ ܳܩ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐܶ :ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ �ܥܶܝܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ. ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܽ ܢ ܽܕܘܢ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰܝܢܝܢ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܢܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ ܰܒܢ ܽܥܘ� ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ݁ :ܕ� ܰܡܠܠـ ݁ܬܘܢ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܳܽ ܫ�ܡܐ ܥܡ ܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ. ܝܬ ܰܠܢ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܪ�ـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܰܠ ݁ ܳ ܝـܗܘܢܰ ݁ :ܕ ܽ ܡ� ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܠܢܶ .ܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܰ ܫ�ܡܢ ܳܡ ܳ ـܘܦ ܢܣ ݂ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ܳ ܗ�ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ.
Judith Ch.
May our lord hear this word. Your army will not be broken: 1
For this people does not put its trust in spears. Rather, those encamped there put their trust in the height of the mountains, for it was not easy to reach the summits. 2 Now, (O) our lord, do not approach their people as if in battle, and not one of your people will fall:
Rather, remain in your camp and guard every man of your army. Your servants will seize the spring which goes out at the foot 3 of the mountain, Because from there all the inhabitants of Beth-palu draw (water). Thirst will destroy them and their cities will surrender. We who are with you will go up to the nearby summits. We will pitch camp against them, and they will be watched 4 so that not even one man will get out of a city, And they will perish from famine and from thirst, they, and their wives and their children, until they are finished, 5 falling (down) in the streets.
You will requite them fittingly 6 for having rejected you, not coming out to meet you in peace.
Their words pleased Elparna and 7 all his servants, and he ordered that it should be as they said.
The Moabite camp went up, and five thousand Assyrian foot-soldiers with them, pitched camp in the open country, and seized the water, the springs, of the Israelites.
‘Your army will not be broken’: lit. ‘The ruin will not be in your army’. ‘reach the summits’: lit. ‘approach the mountains’. 3 ‘foot’: lit. ‘under the root’. 4 ‘watched’: same Syriac root as ‘guard’. 5 ‘they are finished’; lit. ‘destruction comes upon them’. 6 ‘fittingly’: lit. ‘an evil requiting’. 7 ‘pleased Elparna and’: lit. ‘were good before Elparna and before’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ
ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܳ ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ݁ .ܕ ܳ� ܢܶ ܶ ܢܶ ܰ ܗܘܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚܝܠ ݂ܟ. ݂ ܽ ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ݂ �ܳ :ܬ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܥܰܠ ܰ� ̈ܝܙ ݂ ܶܟܐܶ .ܐ ܳ� ܥܰܠ ܰܪ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ݁ܕܛـܘ� ܐ݁ :ܕ ܶܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܳܥ ܺ ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ܳܪ ݂ ܽܒ ـܘ �ـ ܽ ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ܒ ـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܟܝܠܺܝــܢܶ .ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܦ ܺܫܝــܩ ܶ ـܗܘܢ ܽ ܶ ܠܛܘ� ܐ. ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ܳ� ݂ ܰܬ ܶ ܡܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ܽ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ .ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡـܢ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ. ܰ ܶܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܘܛܪ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠ ܳ ݂ܟ .ܘܢܶ ݁ ܽ ܐܚـܕܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܝـܟ ܥܰ ܳܝܢـܐ ܝܬ ݂ܟ. ܐ� ܩܘܐ ݂ܒܡܫܪ ݂ ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝܐ݁ :ܕ ܳܢܦ ܳܩܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܬ ܶܚܝܬ ܥ ܶ ܳܩ ܶܪܗ ݁ܕ ܽܛܘܪ ܐܳ. ݂ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܳܡܠܶܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܝـܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽـܘܰ .ܘ ܺ �ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܝـܦ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܢܣ ݂ ݂ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܗ�ــܐܰ .ܘܢ ܰܫ ܽ �ܡــܘܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳܢ̈ــ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܰܨ ܳ ܝܫــܝ ܛــܘ� ܐ ܚܢــܢ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡــ ݂ܟ :ܢܶ ܰܣــܩ �� ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ܽ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰܠܢ :ܘܢܶ ܶ ܫܪ ܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܛܪܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ ܐ ݂ܦ� ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ. ܢܣ ܽ ܗ�ܐܶ :ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ :ܥܰـ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ݂ܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܘܦܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ܳ ܝـܗܘܢ ܰܘ ܽ ݂ ܺ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ :ܘ ܳܢ ݂ܦܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ: ܝܫــܐ .ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܐܣ� ܽܝــܘ ݂ܟܳ :ܘ� ݂ ܰ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܦ ـ ܽܪܘܥ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ ܢܦܩ ـ ̱ܘ ܽ� ܳ ܘܪ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܘܪܥ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܫ� ܳܡܐ. ܝܗܘܢ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܘܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܫܦܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܰܡ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰ ܘܗܝܰ .ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩـ ݂ܕ ـܕ ̱ ݂ ݁ܕܢܶ ܶ ܗܘܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ. ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܠܦ ̈ܝـܢ � ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܘܣ�ܩܬ ܡܫܪ ܝܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ :ܘܥܡܗܘܢ ܚܡܫܐ ܐ ݂ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܽ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݂ ݁ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܒܢܝ ܐ ݂ܬܘܪ .ܘܫܪܘ ܒܐܘܠܘܢܐ .ܘܐܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܡܝܐ ܘ��ܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ.
Judith Ch.
XII
Chapter
The next day, Elparna ordered all his army, and all who had come with him to help him, to start for Beth-palu, to seize every mountain pass, and to make war against the Israelites. So they started that day, all the men and all their army, one hundred and seventy-two thousand (infantry), twenty-two 1 thousand horsemen, apart from their baggage, apart from the men who followed them — a great multitude. They pitched camp in open country 2 at the side of the city by the spring. The camp extended 3 from Rothim as far as Abel-meholah in width, and in length as far as Kermon which faces Jezreel.
The Israelites, when they saw their numbers, 4 were very frightened. Each said to his neighbor: Now neither the whole land, 5 nor the high mountains, nor the valleys, nor the mountain summits, 6 will (be able to) bear their weight. So, each armed himself, 7 they lit beacon(s) in the towers at the boundaries of the camp, 8 and kept guard all night. On the second day, Elparna brought out his army, in full view of 9 the Israelites who were living in Beth-palu,
And explored the way up to the city. They went to the springs and seized them, and split up all the warriors’ camps (to guard them). Then he returned to his people. Then all the noblemen of the children of Esau approached him, and all the rulers of Moab, heads of the coastal cities. They said to him:
‘twenty-two’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. ‘open country’ or ‘valley’. So passim. 3 ‘The camp extended’: lit. ‘The width of the camp was’. 4 ‘numbers’: lit. ‘multitude’. 5 ‘the whole land’: lit. ‘the whole face of the land’. 6 ‘mountain summits’ or ‘high hills’. 7 ‘armed himself’: lit. ‘carried his weapons/arms. 8 ‘boundaries of the camp’: lit. ‘their walls’. 9 ‘in full view of’: lit. ‘before’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ: ܨܚ ܝܒ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܙ.
ܰ ܶ ܶ ܚܪ ܳܢــܐ݁ :ܦ ܰܩـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܘܡــܐ ܐ ܺ �ܝ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܰܚܝܠــܗ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܘ ܥܰ ܶܡــܗ ̱ ܽ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܐܚــ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܟــܠ ܰܡ ܳ ܝــܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܽــܘܰ :ܘ ܶ ܠܡ ܰ ܣܩ ܳܢــܐ ݁ܕܛــܘ� ܐ: �ܥܶــ ݂ܕܪܗ݁ .ܕܢܶܫܩܠــܘܢ ܺܠ ݂ ܶܒ ܶ ݂ ܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܥܰܡ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܐ ܳ ܰܘܠ ܰܡ ܳ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ. �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܰܚ ܽ ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܰܘ ܰ ܫܩܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܝ�ܗܘܢܳ :ܡܐܐ ܰ ܘܫ ݂ܒܥܺܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܰ ܰ ܣܪܝܢ ܰܘܬ ܶܪܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܠܦ ̈ܝܢܰ ݂ : ܘܦ ܳ� ܶܫܐ ܥ ܶ ܺ ܤܛܪ ܶܡܢ ܝܺ ܰܩ ݁ ـܪܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ :ܘܤܛـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ: ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܽ ܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ. ܐ̱ܢ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕܢܩ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ :ܣ ݂ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܫܪܘ ݁ ܽܒܐ ܽ ܰܘ ܰ ܬܐ :ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ܳܝܢـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐܰ .ܘ ܳ ܘܠ ܳ ܬܝ ܳ ̇ ܘܢܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ ـܗ ܗܘܐ ݂ܦ ݂ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܐܘܪܟـ ̇ܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܶ ـܘ�ܽ .ܘ ݁ ܳ ܠܩ ܽ ܪܡـܘܢ ܝܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܡ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ � ݂ ܶܒـܠ ܡܚ ܕܡܫܪ ݂ ܰܺ ܶ ݁ܕ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ܘܩܒܠ ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ. ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ݁ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܚـ ܰـܙܘ ܽܣــܘܓ ܽ ܐܗܘܢܶ :ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ ـ ̱ܘ ܳܛ ـ ݂ܒܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ـܫ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܠ ܰܩ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܶܒܗܳ .ܗ ܳܫܐ ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܛܘ� ܐ �ܡܐ :ܘ ݂ܐܦ� ܢܚـ� :ܘ ݂ܐܦـ� ܳܳ ܳ ܢܣܝ ݁ܒ ܽܪܘܢ ܽܝ ܽ ܬܐܰ : ܘܩܪܗܘܢ. �ܡ ݂ ܶ ܐܘܚـܕܘ ܽܢ ܳ ܫܩܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܳܡ ܰܐܢ ̈ܝ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ ـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ̈ܓـ ݁ܕ� ݂ܕ ܽܫـܘ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܗܘܘ ܩܪ ݂ ܶܒـܗܰ :ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱ ݂ ܳܢ ܺ ܛܪܝܢ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܶܠ ܳ �ܝܐ ܰܗܘ. ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳܶ ܶ ܶ ܘܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܬ ܶܪܝܢܰ :ܐ ݁ ܶܦܩ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ. ـܘܩܒܠ ܒܢـܝ ܐ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ ܽܠ ݂ �ܝ ܳ ݂ ܽ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܦܠܘ. ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܬܐܰ . ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐܶ :ܘ ܰ ܰ ܘܓܫ ̱ܘ ܡܣܩܢـܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ ܐܚـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝـܢ. ܘܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ ��ܢ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܘܗܘ ݂ ܰ ܝܠܬܢ̈ܐܽ . ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ. ݂ܘܦܠ ݂ܓ ̱ܘ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܡܫ�ܝܳ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ� ܐ ܰܚ ݂ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰܘ ܶ ܩܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܺ ܽ ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܺ� ܰ ܝܫـܝ ܝܣܘ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܫ�ܝܛܐ ݂ܕܡ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳܡܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪܘ ܶܠܗ. ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂
Judith Ch.
All the people prostrated themselves and worshipped God. They answered and said:
Lord God of heaven, look on their pride, have mercy on your humble people, 1 look to your sanctuary today. They comforted Ahiod and praised him warmly.
Uziah took him out of the crowd and brought him to his house. He made a place for the elders. He called out to the God of Israel, all night long, asking for help. 2
1 2
‘your humble people’: lit. ‘the humility of your people’. ‘asking for help’: lit. ‘that he might help them’.
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܚ ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ
ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܽ ܥܢܘ ܶܘ ܰ ܰ ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ. ܘ ݂ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ݁ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܥܠ ܐܦܝܗܘܢ .ܘ ݂ܶ ܫܡ ܳܝܐܽ :ܚـܘܪ ݁ܒ ܽܫـܘܒ ܳܗ ܽܪܗܘܢܰ . ܘܪ ܶܚـܡ ܥܰـܠ ܽܡ ݁ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܳܡ ܳ ـܘܟ ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡـ ݂ܟ. ݂ ܩܕ ܳܫ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܽ ܘܚܘܪ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ. ܳ ܽ ܘܗܝ ܰ� ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕܰ . ܘܗܝ ܛ ݂ܒ. ܘܫ ݁ܒ ܽܚ ̱ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܝܐ ̱ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܠܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒـܐܰ .ܘ ܳ ܝـܬܗܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܳ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܽܥ ܺ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ ܩـܪ ܐ ܢܫـܐ ܰܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠـܗ ܠ ݂ܒ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܢ� ݁ ܰܕܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ. �ܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܟܠܗ ܠ�ܝܐ ݂ܕ
Judith Ch.
For you hoped in your heart that they would not be seized, but you will see no good outcome, 1 for I have spoken! and not one of my words will fail. 2
So Elparna ordered his servants, those present in his tent, to seize Ahiod, to bring him to Beth-palu, and deliver him into the hand(s) of the Israelites.
So the men seized him, and took him outside the camp into a field. Then they carried him off to the mountain-country. They went to the spring 3 which is underneath the city.
When the men of the city saw them they took hold of their weapons. They went out of the city to the summits of the mountains, every man who could cast (a stone) with a sling; they seized the pass and cast stones. 4 Then they left there. They bound Ahiod, left him lying at the foot of 5 the mountain, and went to their lord. The Israelites went down from the city and stood around him. They untied him and took him up into the city, and took him in to (the presence of) the noblemen of their city
Who were then in office: 6 Uziah, son of Micah, of the tribe of Simeon; Habri, son of Athnael; Carmi, son of Mishael.
They summoned the city elders, and all their young men, women, and children ran to the assembly. They stood Ahiod in the midst of all the people. Uziah asked him what had happened.
He answered and told them all that Elparna’s people had said, 7 all that he said in the presence of the Assyrian noblemen, and that Elparna had boasted of what he would do to 8 the house of Israel. ‘you will see no good outcome’: lit. ‘your faces will not look upon good’. ‘fail’: lit. ‘fall’. 3 ‘spring: lit. ‘spring of water’. So too passim. 4 ‘cast stones;: lit. ‘cast stones with them’. 5 ‘at the foot of’: lit. ‘under’. 6 ‘were then in office’: lit. ‘were in those days’. 7 ‘all that … had said’: lit. ‘all the words of’. 8 ‘of what he would do to’: lit. ‘against’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܝܙ
ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰܰ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܣ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܪܬ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܺ ـܬ ܚܕܝܢ .ܘ� ܢܶ ̈ܚܙܝܳܢ ܐ ݁ܦ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ݁ܒܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐܰ .ܡܠ ݂ ܳ ݁ ܶܓܝܪ :ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ܶܦܠ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳ ݂̈ܓ ܰܡܝ. ܰ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ ܘܗܝ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܫܟܢܶܗ݁ .ܕܢܶ ݁ ܽ ܝܡܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܐܚܕ ܳܘܢܝـ ̱ܗܝ � ܺܚ ܽܝـܘ݂ܕ: ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ̈ ܺ ܳܶ ܽ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܝܬ ܦܠܘ :ܘܠܡܫ�ܡ ݂ܘܬܗ ܒܝ ݂ܕ ܒܢܝ ܐ ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒܠܘܢܶܗ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܽ ܰܘ ݁ ܽ ـܘܗܝ ܝـܬܐ ـܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ܒـܪ ܡـܢ ܡܫܪ ݂ ܠܚܩـ�ܰ .ܘܐܘ ݁ܒܠ ̱ ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ� ܐܰ :ܘ ݁ܐܦܩ ̱ ܐܚܕ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܝܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ. ܐܝܬ ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܠܛܘܪ ܐܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ �ܥܰ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ̈ܝܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܝܢـܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܙ ܽ ܬܐ ܰ ܢܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܚܙܘ ܽ ܐܢܘܢ ܐ̱ܢܫܝ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܘܗ ܰܡ ܰܣ ݁ ܝܫܝ ܛܘ ܶ� ܐܽ ݁ .ܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܒܩ�ܥܐܰ .ܘ ݁ ܽ � ܺ� ܰ ܐܚܕ ̇ ܩܬܐܰ :ܘܫ ݂ ܰܕܘ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܺ ̈ܶ ܐܦܐ. ܟ݂ �ܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢܰ .ܘ ܽ ܐܣܪܘܗܝ ܰ� ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕܽ ܰ : ܘܫ ܺܢܝܘ ܽ ܰ ܝـܬ ـܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܫـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܘܫ ݂ܒܩ ̱ ̱ ܽܛ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܽ ܘܪ ܐܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳ ܪܗܘܢ. ܰ ܰܽ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܳܶ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܬܐܳ : ܰܘ ܶ ܘܗܝ ــܘܗܝ .ܘ ܝܣܪܐܝــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ــ ــܬ ̱ܘ ܒܢــܝ ܐ ܢܚ ݂ ܫــܪܐ ̱ ܘܩܡــ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ̱ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܽ ܘܗܝ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕܡ ݂ܕ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܗܝ ܠܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐܰ .ܘܐܥܠ ̱ ܰܘܐܣܩ ̱ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܘܙ ܳ�ܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܺܡܝ ݂ ܳܟܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܛܐ ݂ܕ ܶܫ ܽ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢܽ .ܥ ܺ ܡܥܘܢܰ : ܘܚ ݂ܒـ ܺܪܝ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܕܗܘܘ ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ܰ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܥܰ ݂ܬ ܳܢܐܝܠ :ܘ ݂ܟܪܡܝ ܒܪ ܡܢܫܐܝܠ. ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ ܬܐܰ :ܘ ܶ ܪܗܛـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܥܠ ܰ ܰ ܝܡ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܩܪܘ ܠܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ـ ܰ ܰ ܽ ݁ܳ ܘܫ ܶ ܘܫܬܐܰ .ܘ ܺܐܩ ܽ ܐܠـܗ ܽܥ ܺ ܘܗܝ � ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܶܡܨܥܰ ݂ܬ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗܰ . ܘܙ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܢـܐ ܠ ݂ܟܢ ܝܡ ̱ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ. ܶ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ �ܗܘܢܽ ݁ :ܟ ܽ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܥܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ ܰܘ ܳ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܰܡܠـܠ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܺ ܳܶ ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܝܬ ܐ �ܥܶܝܢ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ .ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܪܘܪ ݂ܒ ܐ ݂ ܠܦܪܢܐ ܥܠ ܒ ݂
Judith Ch.
Chapter
When the clamor of the men around them ceased, Elparna, the commander of the army of Assyria, said to Ahiod, in front of all the people:
Who are you, Ahiod, and all the Moabites, and the hired servants of Ammon, that you have prophesied to us in this way, 1 and have said to us that we should not fight the men of Israel because their God will support them? Who is god other than Nebuchadnezzar, king of the whole land? He will send his army, he will wipe them off 2 the face of the earth — their god will not save them. We are the servants of Nebuchadnezzar. We will strike them as one man; they will not stand before (the sound of) the neighing of our horses.
For we shall destroy them: their territories will be drunk with their blood, their plains will be filled with their corpses. Their footprints will not mark the ground 3 before us — we shall indeed destroy (them). Nebuchadnezzar, lord of the whole earth, has spoken, and not one of his words will fail. 4
And you, Ahiod, a mercenary 5 of Ammon — you have spoken these words. Now, in 6 your iniquity, you will not appear before me from today, until I have had my revenge on the people who come up from Egypt. Then the sword(s) of my army, the spear(s) of my servants will pierce your sides. You will fall with their slain when you return;
My servants will carry you (away) today and leave you in one of the cities of Israel. You will not die until you perish with them.
‘in this way’: lit. ‘as today’. ‘wipe them off’: lit. ‘destroy them from’. 3 ‘mark the ground’: lit. ‘stand’. 4 ‘fail’: lit. ‘return behind them’. 5 ‘mercenary’: lit. ‘hired servant/hireling’. 6 ‘Now, in’: lit. ‘In the day of’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܘ.
ܳ ܽ �ـܗܘܢܶ :ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܺܝ ܰܪܘ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܕܚ ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܽ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ ܶ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ � ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ. ܽ ܽ ݁ ܰ̈ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܐܓܝ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽܡܘܢܶ ݁ .ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰ� ݁ ܺܒ ݁ ܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܘ ܺ ܝܬ ܰܠܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܡܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ :ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܒܢܝ ܡ ݂ ܩـܪ ݂ܒܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ� ܰܢ ܶ ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ ܰܠܢ݁ .ܕܥܰܡ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܐܠ ܽ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐܶ :ܘ ܰ ـܗܗܘܢ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ܳ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܪܥܐܽ . ܘܡ ܽܢܘ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܐ� ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ ܡܣ ܰܝܥ ܽ �ܗܘܢܰ . ܰ ܘܗܘ ܰܢܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܚܝܠܶܗܰ :ܘܢܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐܳ .ܘ� ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܪܘܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܗܗܘܢ. ܠܚـ ݂ܕ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪܳ .ܘ� ܽܢܩ ܽ ܰܘ ܰ ܚܢܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ :ܢܶ ܶ ܡܚܐ ܶܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܘܡـܘܢ ܳ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܨܗ� ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܰܫܢ. ـܗܘܢܰ ݂ . ـܪܘܘܢ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܶܕܡـ ܽ ـܘܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܢܶـ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܰܢــܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢــܘܢܰ .ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܚـ ܰ ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܘܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥـ ݂ ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ̈� ܳܝܢ ܶܡܢ ܰ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ ܽ ܝـܗܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـܢ .ܐ� ܫ� ݁ ܰܕ ܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ .ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܩـܘܡ ܥܶܩ ݂ܒـ ݂ ݂ ــܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܳܡ ܳ ــܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܶܡܐ ݁ ܰܒــ ݂ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒــ ݁ ܽܕܘܢܶ .ܐ ܰܡــܪ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ ܪܥــܐܳ .ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ ــܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ ܗܦ ݂ ܽܟــܘܢ ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܣܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ. ܘܗܝ ܠ ݂ܒ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܰܡ ̱ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܺܓ ܳ ܠܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ̈ܶܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ݁ .ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܝܪ ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ݁ :ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁ ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܶ ݂ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܥـܬܐ ܡـܢ ܥܡـܐ ݂ܕܣܠـܩ ܡـܢ � ݂ܬ ݂ܬܚܙ ܐ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ :ܥ ݂ܕܡـܐ ݂ܕܐܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܬ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ. ܶ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܘܗ ݁ ܶ ـܬ ݂ܟ݂ .ܘܬ ݁ ܶܦـܠ ܥܰـܡ ܝܠـܝܰ :ܘܢܝܙ ݂ ܳܟـܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒـܕܝ ܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܢ ݂ ܝܕܝܢ ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ ܰܣ ݁ܝܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ̱ ܺ ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܳܡܐ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ ܩܛ ܰ ܗܦ ݂ܟ ݁ܬ. ݂ ܺ ܳ̈ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܘܢ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ .ܘܢܶܫ ݁ܒ ܽܩ ܳ ܰܘܢܘ ݁ܒܠܽ ܳ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܘܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܶܡܢ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܺ ܳ ܡܗܘܢ ݁ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ. ܘ� ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬ ܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕܥ
Judith Ch.
So long as they did not sin before their God, things went well for them, for God hates 1 iniquity. But when they left the path by which he had commanded them (to go) they perished in many battles, they were exiled to a land which was not theirs, the temple of their God was trodden under foot, and their city was seized by the enemies.
Now they have returned to their God; they have gathered themselves together, from the places to which they were scattered, and have taken possession of 2 Jerusalem, the place where their sanctuary is, 3 and have settled in the devastated mountain-country.
Now, my lord, if there is any sinfulness in this people, and they are going astray from their God, we might think that this could be a stumbling-block for them, and we could go up and fight against them. But if there is no iniquity in their people we should leave them alone, 4 my lord, lest their God should support them and we should be a disgrace throughout 5 the land.
When Ahiod finished speaking, 6 all the people standing around the tents muttered. Elparna’s noblemen, and those living by the coast, and the inhabitants of Moab, said that Ahiod should be cut to pieces — For they said: We are not afraid of the Israelites, for there is no strength in the people for war.
Therefore we will go up against them. They will be at your mercy, 7 Elparna our lord.
‘God hates’: lit. ‘God is he who hates’. ‘have taken possession of’ or ‘have ruled over’. 3 ‘where their sanctuary is’: lit. ‘of the house of their sanctuary is there’. Similarly Judith 16:24. 4 ‘leave them alone’: lit. ‘pass over them’. 5 ‘throughout’: lit. ‘on the face of all’ 6 ‘speaking’: lit. ‘to speak these words’. 7 ‘at your mercy’: lit. ‘they will be at your strength’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܙ ܝܚ
ܝܛ
ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ
ܟܓ ܟܕ
ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ ܬܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܗܗܘܢ :ܥܰ ܽ ܰܘ ݂ܟ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܚ ܶܛܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܐܠ ܰܗܐ ܡܗܘܢ ̱ܗܘܝ ܛ ݂ܒ ݂ ܳ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܣܢܶܐ ܽܥܘ�. ܐܫܬ ݂ ܺܒܝ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳ ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢܶ :ܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒܩ ܳ� ݂ ܶܒܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐܶ .ܘ ݁ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܽܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ ܘܗ ݁ܝܟ ܳ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܠ ܽ ݂ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܺܕ ܽ ـܗܗܘܢ ܳ ܝ�ܗܘܢܰ . ܗܘܐ ܰܠ ݂ܕܝܳ ܳܫـܐܰ .ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ݁ ܰ ܚـܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡـܢ ̈ ݁ܒܥ ܶܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܐ. ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܺܢܝܘ ܳ ܳ ܠܬ ܳܡـܢ. ـܗܗܘܢܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܬ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܒـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ܥܡܪܘ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܩܕ ܽ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܰ ܘ ܚܪ ݂ܒ ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ :ܐ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܫܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ̱ ̱ܗܘܐܳ. ܶ ܺ ܳ ܣܟܠܺܝـܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܐܠ ܽ ܚܛ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐܰ : ܘܡ ݁ ـܗܗܘܢ :ܢܶ ݂ܬ ܰܪܥܶـܐ ܝܬ ܳܗ ܳܫܐ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ :ܐܢ ܽܐ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܠܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ .ܘܢܶ ܰܣܩ ܰܘܢ ܶ ܩܪ ݂ܒ ܥܰ ܽ ܡܗܘܢ. ݂ܕܗܘ�ܐ �ܗܘܢ ܬܘܩ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܢܣ ܰܝܥ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܝܬ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ݂ܒܥܰ ܽ ܡܗܘܢ :ܢܶܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝܰ ݁ .ܕ ܳ ܶܘܐܢ ܰܠ ݁ ܠܡܐ ܰ ـܗܗܘܢ: ܣܕ ܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܘܢܶ ܶ ܗܘܐ ܶܚ ݁ ܳ ܪܥܐ. ܰ ܶ ܺ ܰܺ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰܘ ܳ ܡܡܠܠܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ̈ܡܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ :ܪܛܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰܡܐ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܝ ܐܚܝܘ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܕܠ ܳ ܶ ܐܡܪܘ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܝܡܝܢ .ܚ ݂ ܳܕܪ ܰܡ ̈ܫ ݁ܟܢܶܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ـܒ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ: ̱ ܳܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܘܐ ݂ܒܰ :ܠ ݂ ܰ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ :ܘܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ ܡܦ ܳܣ ܽܩ ݂ܘܬܗ � ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ. ܚܢܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ .ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܶܓܝـܪ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܕܚܠܺܝܢ ܰ ܝـܬ ݁ ܶܒܗ ܰܚ ܳܝ� ܰܠ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ. ܠܚܝܠ ܳ ݂ܟ ܳܡ ܰܪܢ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܝܗܘܢ .ܘܢܶ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܢܶ ܰܣܩ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܗܘܘܢ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ.
Judith Ch.
But rejected the gods of their fathers, and worshipped the God of heaven, the God whom they acknowledged, who led them away from 1 the ancestors’ 2 gods. They fled to (the land) between the rivers and lived there for a long time. 3 Their God told them to leave their inheritance 4 and to go to the land of Canaan, so they lived there. They grew rich, (acquiring) gold and silver, and very many cattle.
Then they went down to Egypt, because there was famine in the land of Canaan. They lived there where food was available, 5 and multiplied there greatly: their tribes were innumerable. The Egyptians rose up against them and conspired against them, enslaved them (working with) clay and bricks, humiliated the people. They made them slaves: They cried out to their God, and he struck the whole land of Egypt with incurable plagues. The Egyptians expelled them from their land. God dried up the Sea of Suph in front of them.
He brought them, by way of Mount Sinai, to Kadesh. They drove out all the inhabitants of the wilderness
And all living in the land of the Amorites; they destroyed the children of Heshbon by force; 6 they crossed over the Jordan, and took possession of 7 all the mountain-country.
They drove out before them the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, the Jebusites, and all the Girgashites, 8 and lived in that land 9 for a long time.
‘who led them away from’: lit. ‘and brought them out from before’; see Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘the ancestors’’: lit. ‘their’. 3 ‘for a long time’: lit. ‘many days’. 4 ‘inheritance’: lit. ‘house of their inheritance/possession’. 5 ‘where food was available’: lit. ‘and were nourished’. 6 ‘force’: lit. ‘their strength’. 7 ‘took possession of’ or ‘inherited’ 8 ‘Girgashites’: Syriac ‘Gargusites’. 9 ‘that land’: lit. ‘it’. 1
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܶܳ ܰ ܣܓ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܤܛܘ ܶܡܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܶ ـܘܗܝ. ܐ� ܫܡ ܳܝܐ�ܳ :ܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ݂ܕܥ ܰ ̱ ݂ ܰܘ ݁ ܶ ܐܦܩ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܝـܬ ܰܢـܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܥܡـܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡـܢ ܥܪܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ. ܳ ݁ܽ ـܐܙܠ ܰ� ܳ ـܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢܺ : �ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܶܘ ܰ ܠܡ ܰ ܪܥـܐ ܝـܬ ܝ ܗܗܘܢ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݁ܦ ܽܩـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܘܓܐܐ ܕܛ ݂ܒ. ݂ܕ ݂ܟܢܥܢ .ܘܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ܬܡܢ .ܘ ݂ ܥܬܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ܒܐ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܣܦܐ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܒܥܝܪ ܐ ܣ ݂ ܰ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ــܬ ̱ܘ ܶ ܠܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢܶ :ܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܰܘ ܶ ܝܬ ݂ܒــ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡــܢ ܐܪܥــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥــܢܺ .ܘ ݂ ܢܚ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܣܓܝܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܛ ݂ܒܰ . ܘܠ ݁ ܶ݁݁ ܺ ܰ ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ ܰ ܠܫ� ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܘܐܬܬܪܣܝ ̱ܘ .ܘ ܺ ݂ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܝܗܘܢ ܶܡܨ ܳ��ܶܐ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ݁ ܰܟܡ ̱ܘ ܽ ܘܩܡ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ �ܗܘܢܰ . ܘܫܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ܒܛ ܳܝܢܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ ̈ܒܢܶـܐ. ܶ ܰ ܽ ܘܗܝ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ܆ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ. ܘܡ ݁ܟ ݂ܟ ̱ ܡܚܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܝܬ ܶ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝܢ ܰܡ ̈ܚ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݁ ܰܘܓܥܰܘ ܳ ܗܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܳ �ܗܝـܢ ܳ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܶ ܐܣܝܘ .ܘܐܦܩ ̱ܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܨ��ܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܗܘܢ. ܰܘܐܘ ݁ ܶܒܫ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܽܣ ݂ܘܦ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ. ܰ ݁ ܺ ܶܽ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܘܠܩـ ܶܕܫܰ .ܘ ݁ ܶ ܐܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ� ܐ ܘܐܝܬܝ ܐܢـܘܢ � ܘܪܚـܐ ݁ܕܛـܘܪ ܺܣ ܰܝܢـܝ ܰ ݂ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ: ܰ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܽܐܡܘ ܳ��ܶـܐܰ . ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܽ ـܘܫܢܗܘܢ. ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܶܚܫ ݁ ܽܒـܘܢ ܐܘ ݁ ܶܒـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܥ ܽ ܝܪܬܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܛ ܳ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ̱ܘ ܽܝ ݁ ܘܪ ܐ. ܘܪܕ ܳܢܢܺ .ܘ ܶ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰܘ ݁ ܶ ܐܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܶܡــܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡܝـ ܽ ܘܣ ̈ܝـܐ: ܠܦ�ܙ�ــܐ :ܘܠܚܘ�ــܐ :ܘ�ܝ ݂ܒ ـܗܘܢ :ܠ ݂ܟ�ܥ�ܝــܐ :ܘ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܣ ܶܝܐܰ .ܘ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܓ� ݁ ܽܓ ܳ ܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ.
Judith Ch.
XI
Chapter
It was told to Elparna, the commander of the Assyrian army, that the Israelites had prepared themselves for war, had seized the mountain pass, 1 fortified all the summits, and set ambushes in the fields.
Elparna was furious. 2 He summoned all the noblemen of Moab, the rulers of the Ammonites, and all the heads of the coastal cities.
He said to them: Tell me, Canaanites, who are this people who live in the mountain-country? Which are the cities, how big is their army, in what (lies) their strength 3 and their might, who is the leader who commands 4 them?
Why did they not wish to come to meet me, alone of all 5 these people who live in caves? 6 Ahiod, the leader of the Ammonites, said to him: (If) my lord will hear a word from the mouth of his servant, I will speak to you truthfully concerning the people living by your side in this mountaincountry; no false word will leave your servant’s mouth. For this people is of Chaldean stock,
And they settled opposite (the land) between the rivers, because they did not wish to worship 7 the gods of their fathers who were honored in the land of the Chaldeans,
‘mountain pass’: different Syriac word from that in Judith 4:6. ‘furious’: lit. ‘his anger was very furious’. 3 ‘strength’: the same Syriac was rendered earlier in this verse as ‘army’. 4 ‘commands’: lit. ‘stands over’. 5 ‘alone of all’: lit. ‘more than all’. 6 ‘caves’: see Introduction. Addendum 2. 7 ‘worship’: lit. ‘go after’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ: ܨܚ ܝܐ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܗ.
ܐܡــܪ ܶ� ݂ ܰ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠ ܰܠ ܳ ܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ ܳـ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪܶ ݁ .ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܘܥܰ ـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܶ ܰ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒ ـܐ. ܶ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܘܡ ܳ ܰ ܥ� ܳܢܐ ݁ܕ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܶܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘܰ .ܘ ܶ ܝܫـܝ ܛـܘ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡـܐ .ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ݁ܟ ܺܡܐ ܢ̈ـܐ ܐܥܫܢـ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ � ܳ ܳ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ̈ܩܠ ݂ܬܐ. ܳ ـܬ ܽܪܘܓـ ܶـܙܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܠܦ ܳܪܢــܐ ܳܛ ـ ݂ܒܰ .ܘܩ ـ ܳܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ـܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶــܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡــܘܐ ݂ܒ: ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܡـ ݂ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܝܛܢ̈ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܺ� ܰ ܝܫܝ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ. ܘܠܫܠ �ܗܘܢܶ .ܐ ܰܡܪܘ ܺܠܝ ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ݁ܟ ܰܢܥܢܰ :ܡ ܽܢܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܕܝܳܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܘܪ ܐܳ . ܶܘ ܰ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ ݂ ݂ ̱ ܝ�ـܗܘܢ ܽ ܽ ܝ�ܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ܽܢܘ ܰܚ ܽ ܘܓ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܽ ̈ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶܶ ـܘܫܢܗܘܢܰ . ܘܡ ܽܢـܘ ܘܥ ܐܢܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ܶ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ܘܣ ݂ܰ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ. ܶ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ܺ ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ ܡ� ܶ� ܐ. ܘܪܥܝ :ܝ ܠܡ ܳܢܐ � ܨ ݂ ܰܒܘ ܘ ܠܡ ݂ܐܬܐ � ̱ ܰ ـܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܰܐ ܺܚ ܽܝܘ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܢ .ܢܶ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܘܡـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕܗ. ܫܡܥ ܳܡܪ ̱ܝ ܶܡܠ ݂ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܳܠܟ ܰܫ ܺܪ ܳܝܪ ܺܐܝܬ :ܥܰـܠ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܕ ܳܥ ܰܡـܪ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܳܒـܟ ݁ܒ ܽܛ ܳ ـܘܪ ܐ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ .ܘ� ݂ ܶܘܶ ܰ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܠܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܦ ܶ ܘܡܗ ݁ܕܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ܟ. ܠܬܐ ݂ܕ ܓ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܘܩ ܡ ݂ ܶ ܘܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܽܛ ܳ ܘܗܡܐ ܰ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ. ܰ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܝܬ ܰܢـܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܨ ݂ ܰܒـܘ ܺ ܠܡ ܰ ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ـܐܙܠ ݁ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܪ ܐ ܳܠـ ̈ܗܐ ܘ ݂ ܘܩܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܡܝ ܺ ܩܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ݂ ܰܕܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܰ ݁ :ܕ ܰ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܐܶ. ܗܘܘ ܰ
Judith Ch.
All Israel cried out to the Lord with all their heart; they humbled themselves with a great fast:
They, their wives, their infants, all the inhabitants, the hired servant(s), and the slaves. 1 They put on 2 sackcloth.
Every man of Israel, wife, and child, living in Jerusalem, fell on their faces before the temple of the Lord,
And draped sackcloth round the altar. They cried out together to the Lord God of Israel, (asking) that he would not let their children be taken 3 as booty, 4 their wives taken captive, 5 their cities destroyed, their holy things defiled, a reproach, for the pleasure of the nations.
The Lord heard, he saw their plight. They 6 were fasting for many days, throughout Judea and in Jerusalem; they prostrated themselves 7 before the holy house of the mighty Lord. Eliakim the high priest, and all these who stood in the presence of the Lord, the priests and those who served in the temple, clad in 8 sackcloth, brought the perpetual burnt offerings, votive offerings, 9 gifts, and offerings of the people; And cast ashes on their mitres. The whole host cried out 10 to the Lord, (asking) that he would deal kindly with all the house of Israel. 11
‘slaves’: lit. ‘bought (for) silver’. ‘put on’: lit. ‘girded their loins with’. 3 ‘let … be taken’: lit. ‘give’. 4 ‘booty’: same Syriac word as that for ‘plunder’ above. 5 ‘captive’ or ‘into exile’. 6 ‘they’: lit. ‘the people’. 7 ‘prostrated themselves’: lit. ‘fell down’. 8 ‘clad in’: lit. ‘while bound sackcloth on their loins’. See too Judith 8:4. 9 ‘votive offerings’: lit. ‘vows’. 10 ‘The whole host cried out’: lit. ‘From all their host they cried out’. 11 ‘deal kindly with’: lit. ‘care for for good’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ
ܰܘܓܥܰܘ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܺܐ ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܶܠ ݁ܒـ ܽܗܘܢܰ . �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ ܫـܗܘܢ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ݁ܒ ܰܨܘܡܐ ܪܒܐ: ܝܪ ܐ ܰܘܙ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܐܓ ܳ ܽ ̈ܰ ܽ ܶ ̈ܽ ܶܽ ܳܽ ܳ ܰ ܣܦـܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܡܚـܘ ܗܢ ܶܘܢ ܘܢ ܰܫܝܗܘܢ ܘܝܰ�ܘ݂ܕܝܗܘܢ :ܘ ݂ܟܠ ܥܡܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܺ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ. ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ �ܝܐ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܘܛ ܳ ܡܪܝـܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ: ܝܣܪܐܝܠ :ܘܐܢ̱ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܡܢ ܐ ݂ܰ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟܠܶܗ ݁ܕ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ. ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܐܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ: ܘܚ ܶܙܩ ̱ܘ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܓܥܰܘ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡܪ�ܐ ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܙܬܐ :ܘܢܶ ܰܫ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܶ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݁ܬܠ ܝܰ ܽ� ̈ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒـ ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒـ�: ܠܫ ݂ܒ ܳܝـܐܰ :ܘܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܠܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ �ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐ. ܐܘܬܐ ܘܠܚܣܕ ܐ ܘ ܘܩܘ݂ܕ ܳܫܐ ܠܛܡ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܗܘܘ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܳܨ ܺ �ܨ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܪ�ܐܰ :ܘ ܳ ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܳ ܚܙ ܐ ܽܐܘ ܳ ܝܡܝـܢ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝـܐܐ: ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ܕ ܘ ݂ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡܰ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܝܠܬ ܳܢܐ. ܝܬ ܩܘ݂ܕܫܐ ݂ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܚ ݂ ܢܦܠ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ݁ܕ ܳܩ ܺ ܐ�ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ ܶܘ ܳ ܝܡܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐܳ ݁ :ܟܗܢ̈ܶܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܡܫ ̈ܡ ܳܫܢܶـܐ: ܰ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ܺܣ ܺ ܝܪܝܢ ܰܣ ̈ܩܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܰܨ ܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܰ :ܘ ܰ ܡܩܪ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܝܰ ̈ܩـ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ̈� ܶܡـܐ ܐ ܺܡܝܢ̈ـܐ :ܘܢܶـ ݂ܕ� ܐ ܽ ܘܦܘ� ܳܫܢܶܐ ܽ ܘܩܘ� ݁ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ. ݂ ܶ ܶ ܛܡــܐ ܶ ܘܩ ܳ ܘܓܥܶܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ �ـ ܳـܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ ܪܡــܐ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܰܟ�ـ ܰـܘܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢܳ . ܪ�ــܐ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܽܟܠــܗ ݂ ܽ ܶ ݁ܶ ܺ ܳܶ ܳ ܝ�ܗܘܢ݁ :ܕܢܶ ܽ ܰܚ ܽ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܠܛ ݂ܒ. ܝܬ ܐ ܣܥܘܪ ܠ ݂ܟܠܗ ܒ ݂
Judith Ch.
Chapter
The Israelites living in Judah heard all that Elparna, the commander of the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Assyria, did to the nations: how he took their gods and destroyed them. 1 They were very afraid at his approach, 2 on account of Jerusalem, on account of the temple of the Lord their God; they were distressed,
For at that time 3 they had come up from exile and the Judeans 4 had recently assembled, and the vessels and the altar had just been sanctified after the defilement.
They sent to the territory of Samaria, to the towns around Bethhoran, to Abel-meholah, to Jericho, to Cachar, to Beth-horan, to the valleys 5 of Galim,
And they seized all the mountain summits. They fortified the towns there, and prepared 6 them as for war, for the harvest 7 had been reaped.
Eliakim the high priest wrote at that time, 8 in Jerusalem, to the inhabitants of Beth-palo and of Beth-mastim, above the ridge, opposite Jezreel, in front of the great plain by the side of Dothan. Saying: Seize the mountain-passes from which runs 9 the ascent into Judea, for the ascent is not easy, 10 because the way up is narrow even for two men side by side. The Israelites did as Eliakim the high priest said: the elders, and all the people of Israel living in Jerusalem.
‘destroyed them’: lit. ‘gave them to destruction’. ‘at his approach’: lit. ‘before him’. 3 ‘at that time’: lit: ‘then/now’. 4 ‘Judeans’: lit. ‘people of the Judeans’. 5 ‘valleys’: a different Syriac word from that in Judith 2:5,15. 6 ‘prepared’: lit. ‘brought up’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 7 ‘harvest’: lit. ‘their lands’. 8 ‘at that time’: lit. ‘in those days’. 9 ‘from which runs’: lit. ‘that from there is’. 10 ‘the ascent is not easy’: lit. ‘it is not easy for those who are ascending’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܕ. ܳ ܝܗ ݂ܘܕܽ ݁ :ܟـܠ ݁ ܰܕܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܡܪܝܢ ݁ ܺܒ ܽ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ܰܚܝـ� ܽ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ ݁ܒܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐܰ .ܘܢ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܐ ܳܠ ܰܗܝ ̈ ܽܗܘܢ .ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ�. ܳ ܪ�ـܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܽ ܘܗܝ :ܥܰܠ ܽܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܶܡ ܘܥܰܠ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ ܳ� ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳ ـܗܗܘܢ. ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܛ ݂ܒ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܠܚ ̱ܘ. ܺ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܝܬܐܰ .ܘ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܝܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢـܫ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܣܠܩ ̱ܘ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡܢ ܫ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐܳ . ܘܡܐ ܢ̈ܶܐ ܰ ܘܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܚܐ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܩ ݁ ܰܕܫ ̱ܘ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶܡܢ ܛ ܽܡܐ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܘܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ܺ ܡܪܝــܢܰ :ܘ ܽ ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܰ ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ ـܬ ܚـ ܡܚــܘ�: ـܘܪܢ :ܘ� ݂ ܶܒـܠ ܠܩܘ�ܽ ܳ�ــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ ܝܚܘܰ :ܘܠ ܳܟ ܳܟܪܰ :ܘܠ ܶܒܝܬ ܰܚ ܳ ܘܪܢ :ܘ� ܽ ܘܠ ܳ ܺܘ� ܺܝܪ ܽ ܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܶܓ�ܥܰܡ. ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܥܫܢ ̱ܘ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܶ ܝܫܝ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ ܳ� ܶܡܐܰ .ܘܐ ܶ ܐܚ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܺ� ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܣܩـ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܽ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝܠ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ ݂ܬܚܨܶ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܐ� ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳܽ ܶ ܶ �ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ ܬ ݂ܒ ܶܐ ܳ ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠـܡ� :ܥܡ ܝـܬ ـܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰܺ ܺ ܽ ܽ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܣܬܝــܡ ݁ ܰܕ�ܥــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܰܡ ܳܣـܪ ܐ ݂ܕܠـ ݂ ܰ ܘܩܒܠ ܐܝܙܪܥܝـܠ: ـܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܰܦܠــܘܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܥܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܢ: ܘܠ ݂ ܘܩܒܠ ܦܩ ݂ ܽ ܽ ܣܩ ܳܢܐ ݁ܕܛ ܳ ܘܪ ܐ ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܽܗܘ ܰܡ ܳ ܐܡܪܰ .ܐ ܽܚܘ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܡ ܳ ܥ� ܳܢـܐ ܺܠ ܽ ܺ ܠܡ ܰ ܝـܗ ݂ܘܕܶ .ܡܛـܠ ݂ ̱ ܳ ݀ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܦ ܺܫܝــܩ ܗ ܳܘܐ �ܝܠܶܝــܢ ݁ܕ ܳܣ ܺ �ܩܝــܢ ܶܡܛــܠ ݁ܕ ܰܩܛ ܳܝܢــܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܡܣܩــܬܐ ܐ ݂ܦ ̱ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ܕ ܐܳ. ܶ ܶ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ �ܝ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܳܟ ܳ ܝܣܪ ܶܐܝܠܰ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܶܐ ܳ ܗܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐܳ :ܣ ݂ ̈ܒܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܺ ܳܶ ܶ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ ܽܒܐܘ ܺܪܫܠܡ. ݂ܕ
Judith Ch.
And pitched camp, between Geba and Bashan. He stayed there for a month, 1 to prepare all the provisions 2 for his army.
1 2
‘stayed there for a month’: lit. ‘made there a month of days’. ‘provisions’: lit. ‘business’.
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝ
ܰܘ ܳ ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܳܩ ܽܢـܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܝܫܢܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܺ� ܰܪܚ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢܰ : ܝܬ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܠ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ �ܗܝـܢ ܫܪ ܐ ݂ܳ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܗ.
Judith Ch.
Chapter
They sent messengers to him to beg for 1 peace. They said: We say:
We are the servants of the great king Nebuchadnezzar. See! We stand before you: do to us as you will. 2
See! All the land where we live, 3 all our fields, the plains (where we grow) our crops, 4 (graze) our flocks, our oxen, everywhere where we keep our cattle 5 is before you. Do to us as you will. See! Our cities and their inhabitants are your slaves. Come! Meet with us as you will. The messengers came and spoke thus 6 to Elparna.
He went down to the city on the coast, he and his army, and he set up garrisons in the fortified cities. He took from them chosen men (as) auxiliary troops. The cities and towns received him with garlands, tambourines, and tabors. He broke down all their temples, broke all their idols into fragments. For he had agreed 7 to destroy all the gods of the land so that all nations and peoples 8 would serve and worship Nebuchadnezzar and call him ‘god’.
He came to Jezreel, by the side of Dothan, opposite the great ridge of Judea,
‘to beg for’: lit. ‘with words of’. ‘as you will’: lit. ‘as is fair in your eyes’. 3 ‘where we live’: lit. ‘of the house of our dwelling’. 4 ‘plains (where we grow) our crops’: lit. ‘plains of our crops’. 5 ‘everywhere we keep our cattle’: lit. ‘all the dwelling-places of our cattle’. 6 ‘thus’: lit. ‘as these words’. 7 ‘agreed’: lit. ‘given in agreement’. 8 ‘peoples’: lit. ‘languages/tongues’. So passim. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܓ.
�ܘܬܶܗ ܺܐܝ ̈ܙ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܒ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܰܕ ܳ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘܳ .ܐ ܺ ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ ܰ ܡܪ ܰܝܢܢ: ݂ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ܳ ݂ ܚܢܢ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐܳ .ܗܐ ܳܩ ܺ ܝܡܝܢ ܰ ܚܢܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰ ܰ ܚܢܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ .ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠـܢ ܰ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ܟ. ܳ ܳܰ ܰ̈ ܳ ܰ ـܬܐ ܰܕܥ ܽܒـ ܰ ܬܢ ݂ ܰ ܳܗܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܝܬ ܰܡ ܰ ܘܪܢ: ܘ�ܢ̈ـܢ ܘܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܥܡܪܢ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܚܩܠ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܝܬ ܰܡ ܳ ܥܡܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥܺ ܰ ܝܪܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ݁ܝܟ .ܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠܢ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܳܠ ݂ܟ. ݂ܘܬܘ�ܝܢ :ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܺ̈ܳ ܰ ـܬܢ ܳ ܘܥ ܽܡــܘ ܰ� ܶ ܝܗܝܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝـ ݁ـܟ ܐ ܽܢــܘܢ݁ .ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰ ݂ܓ ـܥ ݁ ܰܒ ـܢ ܐܝ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܛ ـ ݂ܒ ܘܗܐ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢـ ݂ ݁ܒܥܰ ܰ ܝ� ̈ܝ ݁ܟ. ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ. ܘ ݂ܐܬܘ ܐܝܙ ݁ܓܕ ܐ :ܘܐܡܪ ̱ܘ � ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰܳ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܢܚ ݂ܬ ܳ ܰܘ ܶ ܘܚܝܠـܗܰ .ܘܐ ܺܩܝـܡ ܰܡܛـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ـܒ ܝܡـܐ ܗܘ ܰ ܺ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܬܐܰ .ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܶܡ ܶ ܢܗܝܢ ܥ ܶ ݂ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ. ݂ܒܡ ݂ܕܝܢ ݂ܬܐ ܥܫ�ܢ ݂ ܶ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܬܐ ܽ ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐܰ ݁ :ܒ ݂ܟ ܺ� ̈�� ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݁ ܶܓܐ ܘ ݂ ܰܒ� ݂ ܺܒܝܥܶܐ. ܘܩ ݁ ̈ܒܠܝ ̱ܗܝ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܘܥܰ ܰܩܪ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܗ ݁ܝܟ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ .ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ �ܗܝܢ ݁ ܶܕ ̈ܚܠ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܦ ܶܣܩܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ �ܗܘܢ ܰܐ ܳܠ ̈ܶܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܠܡܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ݂ܒ ̱ܐ ܳܪܙ ܰ ܐܪܥܐ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܶܠـܗ ܰܠܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽ �ܚـܘܢ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ܥܰܡ ̈ܶܡܐ ܶ ܘܠ ܳܫܢ̈ܶܐ :ܘܢܶ ܽ ܣܓ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܢܶ ݁ ܩܪܘܢܶܗ ܐ ܳܠܗ. ̱ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܘܩܒܠ ܰܡ ܳ ܘܬܢܽ .ܠ ݂ ܰ ܣܪ ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ܘܕ. ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܐ � ܰܝܙܪܥܶܝܠ ݁ܕܥܰܠ ݁ܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܕ ݂
Judith Ch.
X
And laid waste the Putaians and the Ludaians. They took captive all the children of Tyres, the children of Raemsis, the children of Ishmael, the inhabitants of the wilderness to the south, and Celon, the land of the Chaldeans. He crossed the Euphrates; he crossed it between the rivers of the south. He destroyed all the fortified cities by the side of the wadi 1 of Jabak, until they came to the sea.
He seized the territory of Cilicia, he ravaged all that stood before him. He came to the border of Japht which is in the south, bordering 2 the whole of Arabia.
He surrounded all the children of Midian; they burnt all their tents, captured their villages. 3
He went down to the fields of Damascus, at the time of the wheat harvest, and burnt all their crops, 4 fought (in) their plains, laid waste 5 their sheepfolds, herds, and flocks, plundered their cities, slaughtered their young men — put them to 6 the sword. Fear and trembling took hold of 7 all the inhabitants of the coast land, on Tyre and on Sidon, on the inhabitants of Sury, on all living in Lebna, on the inhabitants of Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza. They were terrified of him.
‘wadi’ or ‘valley’. ‘bordering’: lit. ‘on the face of’. 3 ‘villages’: specifically ‘pastoral villages’ or ‘sheepfolds’ or other small enclosed area. 4 ‘crops’: lit ‘fields’. 5 ‘laid waste’: lit. ‘made for destruction’. 6 ‘put them to’: lit. ‘by the mouth of’. 7 ‘took hold of’: lit. ‘fell upon’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܟܓ
ܟܕ ܟܗ ܟܘ ܟܙ
ܨܚ ܝ ܟܚ
ܽ ܳ ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ݁ ܺܬܝـ ܶ ـܪܣܰ : ܰܘܚـ ܰ ܘܛ ̈ܝܶ ـܐ ܰܘܠܽܘ݂ ܳܕ�̈ܶ ـܐܰ .ܘܫ ݂ ܰܒ ـܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܘܠ ݂ܒ ܰܢ ـ ̈ܝ ܠܦ ـܪ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܝܫܡܥܶܝܠ݁ :ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܥܡܣܝܣܰ . ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢܝ ܐ ܳ ܰܪ ܺ ܡܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܡ ݂ܕ ݁ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ ܝܡܢـܐ :ܘ ݂ ܶܟܠـܘܢ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ. ܳ ܳ ܝܡܢܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܥܩܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܝܬ ܰܢܗ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ �ܗܝܢ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̈ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܦ ܳܪ ݂ܬ .ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܰܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܐܬܘ ܰ �ܝ ܳܡܐ. ܥܰ ܺܫ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ݁ :ܕܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܰܢܚ� ݂ܕܝܳ ݂ ܳܒܩ :ܘܥ ݂ܕܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ ܝܩ ܰܝܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܐܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܐܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܘܡـܐ ܚܪ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܩܐܡ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠܗ .ܘ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ ܬ ܳ ܝܡܢܐ :ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳ� ܳܪ ݂ܒ. ݂ܕܝ ݂ܦܬ ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ̈ܝ ܶܡ ݂ܕܝܰܢܰ .ܘ ܶ ܐܘܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܫܟ ܰ� ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘܫ ݂ ܰܒـܘ ܳ ܛ� ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ. ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ ܪܡܣــܘܩ݁ :ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ܚـ ܳـܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ̈ܶܚ ܶܛــܐܰ .ܘ ܶ ـܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ ܰܘ ܶ ܐܘܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ـܬ ܠܚܩܠـ ݂ ܢܚـ ݂ ܝـܗܘܢ ܰܘܓ ܳܙ ܰ� ܽ ܘܡ� ݁ܒܥܶـܐ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܩ ܰ� ܽ ܰܚ ̈ܩܠ ܳ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘ݂ܕ ܰܪܘ ݁ ܰܦ ̈ܩ ܳܥ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ . ܝـܗܘܢ ݂ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܠܚ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ� .ܘ ݂ ܰܒܙ �ܘ ܡ ݂ ܺܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢܰ . ܝܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ ܘܩ ܶܛܠ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܰ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ. ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܝܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܡܪܝـܢ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ـ ݂ܒ ܝܰ ܳܡـܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܒـ ܽܨܘܪ ܚܠܬܐ ܘ ݂ܪܬ ݂ ܘܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݁ ܳܝܕܢ :ܘܥܰܠ ܥ ܽܡܘ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ܕ ܽܣـܘܪܝ :ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ܟـܠ ݁ܕܥܡܪܝـܢ ݁ܒܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢـܐ :ܘܥܰـܠ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ̇ ݁ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܐܫܩܠܘܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܥ ܳܐܙ ܐܰ .ܘ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢܶܗ ܛ ݂ܒ. ܥܡܘ�ܝܗ ܕܐܫܕܘ݂ܕ ܘ݂ܕ
Judith Ch.
And, concerning these who do not comply: you shall not take pity on them. 1 You shall sentence them to death, the whole land to plunder, For I live, and my kingdom of which I have spoken! All these (things) my hands will do, 2
and you will not fail (to obey 3 a single) one of your lord’s commandments, but will indeed fulfil (them), as I have commanded you’. 4 So Elparna went out from the presence of his lord, and summoned the lords and the commanders of the armies, the officers of the Assyrian army,
And numbered the chosen men for war, as his lord had commanded him: one hundred and twenty thousand, and horsemen armed 5 with bows, twelve thousand. He commanded them to assemble for war,
And took camels and donkeys to carry their provisions — a great multitude. Also innumerable sheep, oxen, and small cattle for food, 6 And gold and silver from the king’s house — a great quantity.
He went out from Nineveh, he and his army, to go ahead of the king: they covered all the western region with chariots, with chosen footsoldiers.
Along with them went a motley host like (a swarm of) locust(s), like the crawling locust of the ground — they were innumerable. They went out from Nineveh, a three day journey, towards the plain of Beth-ktilath; they pitched camp in front of Beth-ktilath by the side of the mountain with the crater to the left of Upper Cilicia.
Then he led all his army, foot-soldiers, horsemen, and chariots, from there 7 to the mountain,
‘you shall not take pity on them’: lit. ‘your eye shall not spare them’. ‘All these (things) my hands will do’: lit. ‘I will do all these things with my hands’. 3 ‘fail (to obey’: lit. ‘pass over’. 4 ‘as I have commanded you’: lit. ‘as I have commanded you to do these’. 5 ‘armed’: lit. ‘shooting with’. 6 ‘for food’: lit. ‘for their food’. 7 ‘from there’: lit. ‘and he marched from there’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ
ܟܒ
ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ ݁ܺ ܺ ܳ ܠܩܛـ� ܠܡـ ݁ܬܠ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ܝܣܝܢ݂ � :ܬ ܽܚܘܣ ܥܰܝ ܳܢـ ݂ܟ: ܘܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕ� ܡܬܛܦ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܙܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ. ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ܘܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݂ܬܶ .ܘܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܰ �ܗܝܢ ݁ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ. ܰ ܶ ݁ ܽ ̈ ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܡ�ܰ .ܐ ݁ ܰ ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ � ݂ܬܥ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰܠ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܢ ܦܘܩܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕܡܪ ݂ܟ .ܐ� ܡܫܡ�ܝܘ ݂ܬܫ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݁ܕ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ܟ ܶ ܠܡܥ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ. ܢܦܩ ܶܐ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܠܦ ܳܪܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܶܪܗܰ .ܘ ܳ ܠܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܘ� ܰ� ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰܚ ̈�ـ ܶ�ܰ :ܘ ܳ ܩܪ ܐ ܳ ܠܩ ܽ� ̈ܘ ܶܡـܐ ܳ ܽ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܘܪ. ܣܪܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܩܕܗ ܳܡ ܶܪܗܳ .ܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰܠ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐܰ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܶ ܡܢܐ ܰ ܠܦ ̈ܝـܢ. ݂ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ̈ ݁ ܶ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܥܣܪ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ. ݂ܘܦ�ܫܐ ܫ ݂ܕܝܝ ܒܩܫ ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܘ ܳ� ݂ ܽܕܘ ܰܠ ܳ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܶ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐ. ܳ ܰ ܶ ܘܪܣ ܽ ܘܚܡ ܳ� ܐ݁ :ܕܢܶܫܩܠܽܘܢ ݁ ܽܬ ܳ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ ܰܓ ̈ܡ ܶ� ܶ ܝـܗܘܢ ܽܣ ݂ܳ ـܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛـ ݂ܒ .ܘܥ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒـܐ ݂ܘܬܘ� ܐ ܳ ܳ ܘ� ܳܢ̈ܐ ܶ ܠܡܐ ݂ ܽܟ ݁ ܘܠܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ. ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܘܓܐܐ ݁ܕܛ ݂ܒ. ܘ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒܐ ܘ ݂ܟܣܦܐ ܡܢ ݁ܒܝܬܗ ݁ܕܡ� ݁ܟܐ ܣ ݂ܳ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܪܕ ܐ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܚܝܠܶܗ ܶ ܢܦܩ ܶܡܢ ܺܢ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܢܘܐ ܽܗܘ ܰ ـܗ ݁ܕ ݂ܟ ܳ� ̇ �ܟܐܰ .ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܶܣܐ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ ـܗ ܳ ܳ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܥ ݂ ܳ ܪܒܐ ݂ܒ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܶ� ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝܐ. ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܐܪܥـܐܰ . ܚ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܐܐܰ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܰܩ ܳ ܘܠܝـ ݁ܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܡܨ ܐ ܰܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܙ ܘ ݂ܢܦܩ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܚܠܘܛܐ ܣܓ ܶܡ ܳܢܝܢ ܳ ܠܣ ݂ܟ ܽܗܘܢ. ܰ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܰ ـܬ. ܘ ݂ܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܢܝܢܘܐ ܡܪܕ ܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬܐ ܝܘܡܝܢ ܠ ݂ ܘܩܒܠ ܦܩ ݂ ܝܬ ܩܛܝܠ ݂ ܥܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܰ ܫܪܘ ܽܠ ݂ ܰ ܐܓܢـܐ :ܕܡـܢ ܣܡـ� ܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܝܬ ܩܛܝܠ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ـ ݂ܒ ܛـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܝܬܐ. ݂ܕܩܝܠܝܩܝܐ ܥܠ ܶ ݁ ܳܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܰܳ ܬܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܫܩـܠ ܡـܢ ܬܡـܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ ܰܚܝܠܗ � ݂ܓ ܳ� ܶܝـܐ ݂ܘܦ� ܶܫـܐ ܘܡ� ܟ ݂ܒـ ݂ ܽ ܠܛ ܳ ܘܪ ܐ.
Judith Ch.
Chapter
In the eighteenth year, on 1 the tenth (day) 2 of the first month, a word was (heard) in the house of King Nebuchadnezzar — to seek (vengeance) from the whole region, 3 as he had said.
He summoned all his servants and noblemen. He revealed to them the secret in his heart. So it was that, when he had finished speaking evil of the whole region, They too took it upon themselves to destroy everyone, those who did not obey his word. 4
When they had thought sufficiently, 5 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, summoned Elparna, the commander of his army, for he was his second in command. He said to him:
Thus says the great king, the lord of all the earth ‘See! You will go forth from my presence, you will take strong men with you — one hundred and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and very many cavalry 6 — twelve thousand —
And go up against all the land in the west — these who rejected my word. You shall say to them: You should prepare earth and water for me, for I come forth against them in my anger, to cover the face of all the earth with the feet of my army. I shall give them as plunder to the armies; Their valleys and their torrents will be filled with their slain, the overflowing river will be filled with their slain. I shall scatter their captives to the ends of the earth.
You will go out, seize all their territory for me: if they surrender guard them for me until the day of their punishment. 7 ‘on’: lit. ‘after’. ‘after the tenth (day)’: See Introduction. Addendum 2. 3 ‘the whole region’: lit. ‘all the earth’. So passim. 4 ‘his word’: lit. ‘the word of his mouth’. So passim. 5 ‘had thought sufficiently’: lit. ‘finished their thoughts’. 6 ‘cavalry’: lit. ‘horses with their riders’. 7 ‘punishment’ or ‘refutation’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ
ܒ.
ܶ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܬܪ ܥܶܣـ ܳ ܪܚــܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝــܐܳ : ܘ ݂ ܰܒ ܰ ـܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ـܬ ܥܣܪܝــܢ ܘ ݂ܬܡܢــܐ :ܒـ ݂ ܫܢـ ݂ ܰ ݁ܶ �ܟܐ ܠ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܪܥܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ. ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ̈ ܰܘ ܳ ܪܘ�ܒ ܰܢـܘ ̱ܗܝܰ .ܘܓ ܳـ� ܽ ܩܪ ܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܐ̱ ܳܪ ܳܙ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒـܗܰ .ܘ ܳ ܘܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ ܗܘܐ �ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܰ ݂ ܺ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ܝܫܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ: ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܫܠܡ ܠܡܐܡܪ ܒ ܠܡـܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ـܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܳܫـܐܰ :ܐܝܠܶܝـܢ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰ ܫܬ ܰܡܥـ ̱ܘ ܠܡܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܦ ܶ ܶ ܘܡܗ. �ܟـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܽܐܬܘܪ ܶ� ݂ ܰ ܝܗܘܢܳ : ـܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܩܪ ܐ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ ܥ� ܰܢ ܽ ܰܘ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫܠܶܡ ̱ܘ ܶ� ܳ ܠܦ ܳܪܢـܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܚܝܠܶܗܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ܳ�ܢܶܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ. ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ـܬ ݁ܬ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ܶܡـܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡـܝ. ܗ ݂ ܶܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܪ ̇ܗ ܕ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ܐܪܥـܐ .ܗܐ ܐܢ ̱ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܽ ݂ܘܬ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܥܰ ܳܡ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܺܫ ܺܝܢܝܢ�ܶ :ܓ ܳ� ܶܝܐ ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥܶܣܪܝـܢ ܐ ݂ ̈ ـܘܓܐܐ ܠܦܝـܢ :ܘܣ ݂ܳ ܰ ݂ ܺ ݂ܕ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫܐ ܥܰܡ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ ̈ ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܠܦܝܢ. ܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܘܡܝ. ܘܣܩ ܥܠ ܐܦܝ ܟ�ܗ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ ܥܪܒܐ :ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܕܛܠܡ ̱ܘ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦ ̱ ܺ �ܗܘܢܰ ݁ :ܕܢ ܰܛܝ ݂ ܽܒܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܰܐ ܳ ܘܡ ܳ ̈ܝـܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܳܢ ݂ ܶܦـܩ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܪܥܐ ܰ ܘܬ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢ ݂ ܶ ݁ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܝܠـܝ .ܘܐܬܠ ܐܢـܘܢ ݁ܒܚ ܳ ݂ ܡܬ ̱ܝ ܶ .ܘܡ ݂ܟܣܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܐܦܝ ܟ� ̇ܗ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܒ� ݂ܓ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܚ ̱ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ ܰ ܠܚ ̈��. ܺ ܶ ܳ ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘܢ ܳ ܩܛ ܰ ܘܢܶ ݂ܬܡܠܽܘܢ ܰܢ ܰ ܗܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܳܓ ܶܪ ݂ܦܶ :ܡܢ ܚ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܘ� ݂ܓܠ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܶܡܢ ܶ ܺ ܩܛ ܰ ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬܡ�. ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܣ ̈ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ̇ ܐܪܥܐ. ܶܘܐ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܫ ݂ ܺܒ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܰܘ ܽܐܚܘ݂ܕ ܺܠܝܽ ݁ :ܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܬ ܽܚ ܰ ܘܡ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢܶ .ܘܐܢ ܰܢܫ� ܽܡܘܢ :ܛܪ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܺܠܝ �ܝ ܳ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ܳܣ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ.
Judith Ch.
He returned to Nineveh, he and his army, and many warriors. He lived there in luxury, enjoying himself, he and his whole army, (for) one hundred and twenty days.
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܝܘ
ܺ ܶ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܘܚܝܠܗ: ܗܦ ݂ܟ �ܢܝܢܘܐ ܗܘ ܶ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ܶ ܘܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܣܡܽ :ܗܘ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ
ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܬܢܶـܐܰ .ܘ ܳ ܽ ܗܘܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓـܐܐ ܘܓܐܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܓ ݂ܒـ� ܐ ܩ� ݂ܒ ݂ ܘܣ ܶ ݂ܳ ܰܚܝܠܗܳ :ܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ ܣܪܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ.
Judith Ch.
To all in Samaria, the provinces, 1 and on the other side of the Jordan, as far as Jerusalem, in Batnan, Calwan, Kadesh, by the river of Egypt, in Tahpis, Raemsis, to all Geshan, As far as Saan, in Memphis, to all who live in the land of Egypt, as far as the border of Cush. 2
But all the inhabitants of the land rejected 3 the word of King Nebuchadnezzar, did not wage war, and were not afraid of him — for they were united, 4 and they treated his messengers with contempt. 5
Nebuchadnezzar was extremely angry with this whole region; 6 he swore by his throne and by his kingdom that he would be avenged on all the territories 7 of Cilicia, Damascus, and Bashan, and would put to the sword 8 all the inhabitants of Moab, the Ammonites, all Judea, 9 all those in Egypt — to reach as far as 10 the border of the two seas. He prepared his army to confront King Arpachshar in the seventeenth year. He strengthened himself for war; he turned back all Arpachshar’s army, all his horsemen, all his chariots,
He had dominion over his cities; he reached as far as Kaphtan and seized the towers, captured its land outside the walls, 11 he turned all their beauty to shame.
He seized 12 Arpachshar in the mountains of Regu, he slew him in his pride, he destroyed him forever. 13 ‘provinces’ or ‘cities’. So passim. ‘Cush’ or ‘Ethiopia’. So passim. 3 ‘rejected’: lit. ‘turned back’. 4 ‘for they were united’: lit. ‘because they were all as one man’. 5 ‘treated … with contempt’: lit. ‘turned back … with shame of their faces’. 6 ‘region’: lit. ‘land’. So too Judith 2:1,11. 7 ‘territories’: lit. ‘borders’. So too Judith 2:5,15. 8 ‘would put to the sword’: lit. ‘to slaughter by the sword’. 9 ‘Judea’: Syriac ‘Jehud’. So passim. 10 ‘reach as far as’: lit. ‘to come to’. 11 ‘its land outside the walls’: lit. ‘their open country’. 12 ‘seized … seized’: two different Syriac roots. 13 ‘forever’: lit. ‘until today’. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ
ܝܒ
ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ
ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܰܳ ܽ ܺ ܶ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܳܫ ܺ ܬܐܰ :ܘ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܝ ݁ ܘܪܫܠـܡ. ܘܪܕ ܳܢܢ :ܥ ݂ܕܡـܐ � ܡܪܝܢ ܘ ݂ܒܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܬ ݁ܺ ܰ ܛܢــܢܰ :ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ܳ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܚܦܝــܣ: �ــܘܢ :ܘ݂ ܰܕܩــ ݂ ܶܕܫܰ :ܘ� ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰܢــܗܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡܨܪܝــܢ :ܘ ݂ �ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܘ ܰ �ܪ ܺ ܥܡܣܝܣܰ :ܘܠ ݂ܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܓ ܳܫܢ: ܠܡ ݂ ܰܦــܣܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟــܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ �ܨ ܳܥــܢܰ :ܘ ܰ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ܳ ܐܪܥــܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܶܨܪܝــܢ :ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ. ܳ ܶܰ ܰܘ ݁ ܶ �ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡـܘ ܶ� ̇ܝܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܽ ݁ :ܟ ܽ ܐܪܥـܐ .ܘ� ܐ ݂ܬܘ ݂ �ܗܘܢ ܰܐܝܟ ݁ ܰܓܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚܕܰ .ܘ ݁ ܶ ܰܠ ܳ ܗܘܘ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒܐܳ .ܘ� ݂ܕ ܶܚܠ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢܶܗܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ ̱ܘ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܥܪ ܐ ܰܕ ݁ ܰ ܐܦ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ. ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܠ ܰܡ� ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ܳ ݂ ــܬ ܳܛــ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ ــܗ ܰܐܪ ܳܥــܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐܺ .ܘ ܳ ܝܡــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟــ ܶ ــܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ ܘܪܣܝܗ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܡ ݂ ـܗܘܢ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ̈ܘ ܶܡ ـܐ ݂ܕ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ـܘܬܶܗ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒ ـܥ ܶܡــܢ ݁ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܝܩ ܰܝ ـܐ ܰܘ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܽ ܪܡܣــܘܩ �ܟـ ݂ ܳܽ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܘܐ ݂ܒܰ : ܝܫܢܰ . ܡܩ ܳܛܠܽܘ ݂ܒ ܰܚܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܠ ܰ ܰܘ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܘܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܰܢـܝ ܥܰ ܽܡـܘܢ: �ܗܘܢ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ ـܐܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܽܚ ܳ ܝـܗܘܢ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ� ̇ܗ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ܕ :ܘܠ ݂ܟܠ ܕ ݂ܒܡܨܪܝܢ .ܘܠܡ ݂ ܶ ܝܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܡܐ. ܰ ݁ܶ ـܘܩܒܠ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܬ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܶــܗ ܽܠـ ݂ ܰ �ܟـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܰ ـܬ ܫ ݂ ܰܒܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܥܰ ܰܫــܢ ܘܥـ ܫܢـ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܰ ــܘܗܝ: ݁ ܰܒܩܪ ݂ܒــܐ .ܘܐܗܦــ ݂ܟ ܠ ݂ܟܠــܗ ܰܚܝܠــܗ ݁ܕܐ ݂ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ :ܘܠ ݂ܟ�ــܗܘܢ ܦ� ܰܫ ̱ ܶ ܰܘܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܗ. ܰ ݁̈ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܘ ـܕ �. ܠܩ ݂ܦ�ـܢܰ .ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰܒـܫ ܡ ݂ܓ ܐܫܬ ܰܠܛ ܥܰܠ ܡ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ̈ـ ݂ܬܗ .ܘ ܰܡܛـܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܽ ܶ ܣܕ ܐܳ. ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰܘܫ ݂ܒܐ ܠܫܛܚܝܗܘܢ .ܘܠ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ �ܐܝ ݂ܘܬܗܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ̇ܗ ܠܚ ݁ ـܕܗ ܰ� ݂ ܰ ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫــܪ ݁ܒ ܽܛــܘ ܰ�ܝ ܳܪ ݁ ܽܓــܘܰ . ܘܩܛܠܶــܗ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ܶ ܘܡــܗܰ .ܘܐܘ ݁ܒـ ݂ ܶ ܰܘܐܚـ ݁ ܶ ـܕܗ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡــܐ �ܝ ܳ ܰ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ.
Judith
IX
Chapter In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, who reigned in the great city Nineveh, in the time 1 of Arpachshar, king of Media, who reigned in Kaphtan,
He 2 built a tower in Kaphtan and encircled it with a wall (built of) hewn stones. The stones were three cubits thick, and six cubits long. The wall was seventy cubits high. He built towers at the gates in the wall, one hundred cubits (high). The width of a gate was sixty cubits.
He made gates and gate-posts, sixty cubits high, forty cubits wide, 3 so that the military chariots 4 could go out (through them). At that time, King Nebuchadnezzar made war with King Arpachshar on the plain: that is, the plain of Dura.
All the inhabitants of the hill-country opposed 5 him, together with all who lived 6 by the river Euphrates, by the Deklath, upon the Ulay, on the plain of Arioch the king of Elam. Many nations 7 assembled to fight with the Chaldeans. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Assyria, sent to all the inhabitants of Lebna, to all who were living in Cilicia, Damascus, Lebanon and its surroundings, to all those living on the coast,
To the inhabitants of Carmel, Gilead, the Upper Galilee, on the great plain of Jezreel,
‘time’: lit. ‘days’. So too Judith 1:5. ‘He’: ‘Arpachshar’ is the subject. 3 ‘wide’: same Syriac root as ‘thick’ in Judith 1:3. 4 ‘military chariots’: lit. ‘chariots of his army’. 5 ‘opposed’: lit. ‘went out against’. 6 ‘inhabitants … lived’: same Syriac root’. 7 ‘nations’ or ‘peoples’. So passim. 1 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܟܬܒܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܰܶ ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܐ. ܨܚ ܛ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
݁ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ـܘܬܶܗ ݁ ܰܕܢ ݂ ܽܒـܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪܰ ݁ :ܕܐܡܠܶـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܺܢ ܶ ܝܢـܘܐ ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܬ �ܟ ݂ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܡ ݂ܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬܐ :ܒܝܘܡܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܐ ݂ܪܦ ݂ܟܫܪ ܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝ :ܕܐܡܠ ݂ܟ ܒܩ ݂ܦ�ܢ. ̈ܶ ܳ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ �ܢܰ .ܘ ݁ ܳ ܬܝ ܳ ̇ ـܗ ܘ ݂ܒܢܐ ܡ ݂ܓܕ� ܠܩ ݂ܦ ـܬܐ݁ .ܕ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ݂ܦ ݂ ܐܚـܕܪ ̇ܗ ܽܫـܘܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܟ ݂ܐܦـܐ ݂ܦܣܝܠ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܘܗ ܶܘܐ ܪ ܶ ـܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢܳ . ܘܡـܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـܘܪ ܐ ܰܫ ݂ܒܥܝـܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܺܟ ݂ܐܦܐ݁ :ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢܽ .ܘܐܘܪ ݁ܟـ ̇ܗܶ :ܫ ݂ ܰ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ. ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ܺ ܰ ܫܬܝܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢ. ܘ ݂ܒܢܐ ܡ ݂ܓܕ� ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܥܐ ݂ܕܫܘܪ ܐ ܡܐܐ ܐܡܝܢ .ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܝܗ ܕ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ܰ ݁ܺ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ܳ ܘܩ ̈ܝ ܶܡܐܰ .ܪ ܽ ܝـܗܘܢ ܐܪ ݁ܒܥܺܝـܢ ܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝـܢ. ܘܡـܗܘܢ ܫܬܝـܢ ܐܡܝـܢ .ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ܦ ܳܩ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ܟ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚܝܠܗ. ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ �ܟـܐ :ܥܰـܡ ܰܐ ݂ ܰ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ :ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳ ܪܦ ݂ܟ ܳܫـܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܩܪ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ �ܟـܐ ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܥܬܐܺ .ܗܝ ܺܗܝ ܰܦܩܥܰܬ ݁ ܳܕܘܪ ܐܳ. ̱ ݂ ݂ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ܡܪܝܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܢ ܳ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ܳܥܡ ܰ�ܝ ܽܛܘ ܶ� ܐ܆ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܽ ܠܩܘ ݂ܒܠܶܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ـܗܪ ܐ ݂ܦـ ܳܪ ݂ܬ: ܽ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܥܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܪܝܳܘ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܕܥܺܝܠܰـܡܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܕܩܠ ݂ܬ :ܘܥܰܠ ܐܘܠܝ :ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ܠܡ ܳ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܶܐܐ ܰ ܩܪ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܰܟ ̈� ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ. ܶ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ ܽܐܬܘܪ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ݂ ܽܢܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ �ܗܘܢ ܳܥ ܽܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ :ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܶ ܰ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܡܪܝــܢ ݁ܒ ܺܩܝܠ ܺ ܺ ܝܩ ܰܝـܐܰ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ܽ ܘܗܝ .ܘܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܪܡܣــܘܩܰ :ܘ ݂ܒܠ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܒܚـ ݂ ܳܕ � ̱ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ܺ ܡܪܝܢ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܝܰ ܳܡܐ. ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܥـܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܥܰܠ ܥܡܘ� ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟܪܡـ� ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܓ�ܥـ ݂ܕ ܘ݂ܕ ݂ܓܠܝـ� ܥܠܝـܬܐ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ݂ ܺܕ ܰ ܐܝܙܪܥܶܝܠ.
Esther Ch.
Chapter
King Ahasuerus imposed a tax on the whole land, and on the islands in the sea.
All his mighty deeds, his wonders (that he had wrought), the praise of the dignity of Mordecai which the king had conferred on him 1 — See! (They are) written in the book of the affairs of the days of the kings of Media and Persia. For Mordecai the Jew was the viceroy of King Ahasuerus; he was the greatest of the Jews, he desired good for his people, he spoke peace to all his descendants.
1
‘conferred on him’: lit. ‘made him great’.
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܝ.
ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܐܬܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ :ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܳܓܙ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܰ ܳܡܐ. ܘܐܪܡܝ ܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ ܡܕ ݂ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ ܶ ܘܓܢ̱ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܶܗ݂ :ܘܬܶ ݁ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰ ̈ܕܝ ܽܥܘܫܢܶܗܰ : ܫܒ ܰܚ ݂ܬ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒ ݂ܘܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܐܘܪܒـܗ ݂ ܺ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܰ �ܟ ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ ܰܕܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܦ ܶܪܣ. �ܟܐܳ :ܗܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܝ ݂ܒ ܒܣ ݂ܦܪ ܡ�ܝ ܝܘܡ ݂ ܚܫ ܶ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܡܘܪ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ܐ݁ :ܬܶ ܳܢ� ܳܢܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝـܪܫܰ .ܘ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܗܘܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐܳ : ܫ� ܳܡـܐ ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟܠـܗ ܡܡܠـܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܛ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ �ܥܡܗ .ܘ ܰܙܪܥܶܗ.
Esther Ch.
So these days are remembered and kept in all families, provinces, and cities; these days of Purim will always be observed in the Jewish community, 1 and remembered by 2 their descendants.
Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote confirming all this, 3 so that they would confirm this letter concerning Purim. They sent letters to all the Jews in the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of King Ahasuerus: words of truth and of peace,
So that they would maintain these days of Purim in their (appointed) time, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had enjoined them, as they had enjoined 4 those (days) for them and for their children, a commandment, and their fasting and their prayer. Esther’s decree confirmed 5 these words concerning Purim, and it was written in a book.
‘always be observed in the Jewish community’: lit. ‘not pass away from the midst of the Jews’. 2 ‘and remembered by’: lit. ‘and their remembrance shall not pass away from’. 3 ‘confirming all this’: lit. ‘all confirmations/sanctions’. 4 ‘maintain … enjoined … enjoined’: same Syriac root. 5 ‘confirmed’: same Syriac root as ‘maintain’ and ‘enjoined’ in the previous verse. 1
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܟܚ
ܟܛ ܠ �
ܠܒ
ܰ ܺ ܳ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ـ ݂ܬܐ: ܘ ݂ ܳ ݂ ܽܘܕܘ ݂ܟܪ ܽ ܢـܗܘܢ
ܳ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܶܡ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܺܪܝــܢ ܶ ܘܡ ݂ܬܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝــܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ـܠ ܰܫ� ݂ ܳܒ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܝ ـܘܡ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܽ ̈ ̈ ܽ ܘܩܘ� ܳ�ܐܰ . ܘܝܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܘ��ܶܐ ܳܗܠܝܢ � ܢܶ ݁ܥܒܪܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܓܘ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ. ܥܒܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܙ ܽ ܳ� ܢܶ ݁ ܰ ܪܥܗܘܢ. ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒܝ ܶܚـܠܽ : ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܘܡ ݁ �ܗܝـܢ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܶ ܡ ܳ�ܟ ݂ ̱ ܳ ܽ ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܢ ܽ ܫܪܘܢ ܐ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ܪܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܘ��ܶܐ. ܠܡ ـܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ ـܕܪ ̱ܘ ܶܐ ݁ܓ ـ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐܳ . ܣܪܝــܢ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒ ـܥ ݂ ܺ ܰ ܘܫـ ݁ ܰ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢــܢ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܘܕ ܳ ܐܚܫ ܶ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟܐ̈ .ܡ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܪܫ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܫ� ܳܡܐ. ݁ܰ ܽ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܐܫـܪ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܽ ܢܗܘܢܰ :ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢ ܽܡـܘܪ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܕܢܫܪܘܢ ܝܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ܐܶ .ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܡ ݁ �ܟ ݂ܬܐ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܐܫܪܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܘܥܠ ݁ܒ�ܝـܗܘܢ ܘܡܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܽ ܘܨ ܽ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐܰ : ܨܠ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ. ܶܶ ܺ ܳ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܐ ܰܫܪ ܥܰܠ ̈ܡ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ. ܘܡܐܡܪ ̇ܗ ܕ
Esther Ch.
Mordechai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far.
(Saying) that they should take upon themselves (the responsibility) of doing so 1 on the fourteenth of Adar, at the full moon, every year, 2
As (commemoration of) the days when the Jews were at peace 3 from their enemies, the month which was transformed from misery to gladness, from mourning to holiday, that they would make them days of banquet and gladness, that each would send presents to his neighbor and gifts to the poor. The Jews took upon themselves to maintain 4 whatever they had begun to do, whatever Mordecai had written.
Because of Haman, son of Hamadat the Agagite, the enemy of all Jews — he had plotted concerning the Jews, that he would destroy them, had cast lots so that he might destroy 5 them.
For when Esther entered before the king, the scribe said: Let the wicked plots be reversed, 6 (be) upon his head, he who plotted against the Jews — let them hang him and his sons on the gallows. Because of this, he called those days ‘Purim’, to commemorate the lots which were cast, 7 because of the words of this letter, on account of what they saw, on account of all that had happened to them,
The Jews took it upon themselves and upon their descendants, and upon all who associated with them, not to fail to keep 8 these two days, as recorded (as happening) in their time, every year.
‘of doing so’: lit. ‘that they would be doing’. ‘every year’: lit. ‘every year by year’. 3 ‘were at peace’: lit. ‘rested in them’. 4 ‘maintain’: lit. ‘set firmly’. 5 ‘destroy … destroy’: two different Syriac roots. 6 ‘be reversed’: lit. ‘turn around’. 7 ‘to commemorate the lots which were cast’: lit. ‘on account of the name of the lot’. 8 ‘not to fail to keep’: lit. ‘that not would it fail that they would be doing’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ
ܟܓ ܟܕ ܟܗ
ܟܘ ܟܙ
ܰ ܰ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܶܐ ݁ܓ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢܰ . ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁ �ܗܝـܢ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܳ �ܟܐ ܐ ܺ ݂ܺ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܚܫܝܪܫ݁ :ܕ ܰܩ�ܝ ݂ ܳܒܢ ܰܘ݂ܕ� ܺܚܝܩܢ. ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ ݁ ܰܕ ܰܢܩ ݁ܒܠܽܘܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܣـܪ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ܳܣـܐܐ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ܳܐܕܪ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܳ ܗܘܘܢ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ ܫܢـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܫܢܐ. ܰ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝــ ܽܗܘܢ :ܝܰ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚــ ̱ܘ ݁ܒــ ܽܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐ ܶܡــܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܪܚــܐ ܐܝــ ݂ܟ ܝــܘܡ ݂ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܘܡـܐ ܛ ݂ ܳܒـܐ݁ .ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒـ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢـܘܢ ݂ܕܐܫܬܚܠ ݂ܦ ܡܢ ܕܘܘܢܐ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ݂ܘܬܐ :ܘܡܢ ܐ ݂ܒـ� �ܝ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܕ ܰܢܫ ݁ܕ ܽܪܘܢ ܳ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐܰ ݂ : ܡ� ܳ ̈ܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܐ̱ܢܫ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ܒـܪܗ :ܘܡـܘܗ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܐ ��ܘܡ ݂ ܠ ݂ ܳܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ. ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܝܗܘܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪܝܘ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ ܰ ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܥܒ ݂ܕ :ܘܡ ݂ܕܡ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ ܰܒܪ ܰܗ ܰܡ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝܐ݁ :ܒܥ ܶ ݁ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐܶ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫـ ݂ܒ ܶ ܐܪܡܝ ݂ ܶܦ ̈ܨܶ ܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ܽ ܘܒ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢܰ .ܘ ܺ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܶ ܚܪܘ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ. ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳ �ܟܐ ܐ ܰܡܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ .ܢܶ ̈ܗ ݁ܦ ݂ ܳܟـܢ ܰܡܚ ̈ܫ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܡ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕܥܐ� ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ܣܬܝܪ ܶ ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܽ ̈ ̈ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܺܪ ܶ ܝܫܗ ݁ܕܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܰܫ ݂ܒ .ܥܠ ܝܺܗܘ݂ܕ�ܶܐ :ܘܢ ݂ܬܠـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ܘܠ ݂ܒ�ـܘ ̱ܗܝ ݂ܒܝܫ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܥܰܠ ܩܝܣܐ. ܶܶ ܳܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܽ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘ ܳ��ܶܐ :ܥܰܡ ܶܫܡ ݁ ܶܦ ܳ ܨܚܐܶ :ܡܛܠ ̈ܡ� ܶܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܩܪ ܐ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ��ܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܚܙܘ :ܘܥܰܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܽ ܪܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ :ܘܥܰܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ �ܗܘܢ. ݂ܕ ݁ܐܓ ݂ ـܘܐ ܽ ܝܗܘܢ :ܘܥܰܠ ܰܙ ܽ ܘܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܪܥܗܘܢ :ܘܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ �ـܗܘܢ: ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ ܰ ܬܝ ݂ ܺܒܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܽ ܢـܗܘܢ ݁ܕ� ܢܶ ݂ܒܛܠ :ܕܢܗܘܘܢ ܥ ݂ܒܕܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܬܪܝܢ ܝܘܡܝܢ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܳ ܫܢܐ.
Esther Ch.
The ten sons of Haman the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, they killed; but they did not take 1 plunder. On that day, the number of the slain in Shushan the capital was brought to the attention of 2 the king.
He said to Queen Esther, in Shushan the palace: The Jews have killed, destroyed, five hundred men, and Haman’s ten sons — what have they done in the rest of the provinces? What is your request? It shall be granted you. What is your petition? It will be given to you. Esther said: May the Jews be allowed 3 to do tomorrow as (they have done) today. May (the bodies of) the ten sons of Haman be hanged on the gallows.
The king said: Let them do so. The edict was issued 4 in Shushan, and they hanged the (bodies of) the ten sons of Haman on the gallows. The Jews who were in Shushan also assembled on the fourteenth (day) of the month. They killed three hundred men in Shushan, but they did not take plunder.
The rest of the Jews, who were in the provinces of the king, assembled and defended themselves. 5 They were at peace 6 from their enemies. They killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them, but they did not take plunder, On the thirteenth (day) of the month of Adar. On the fourteenth (day) of the month they rested, They made it a day of feasting and gladness.
Therefore, the Jews who were scattered, who lived in the more distant towns, 7 made a festival on the fourteenth of Adar, a banquet, a holiday, and each man sent presents to his neighbor.
‘take’: lit. ‘stretch out their hands to’. So too Esther 9:15,16. ‘was brought to the attention of the king’: lit. ‘came … before the king’. 3 ‘May the Jews be allowed’: lit. ‘May it be given … to the Jews’. 4 ‘edict was issued’: lit. ‘commandment was commanded’. 5 ‘defended themselves’: lit. ‘stood for their souls/their lives’. See also Esther 8:11. 6 ‘peace’: lit. ‘rest’. 7 ‘more distant towns’: lit. ‘scattered towns (or villages)’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ
ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܳܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ݁ .ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ܩܛܠـ ̱ܘܰ .ܘܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ � ܰܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܺܢ̈ ̱ ܐ ܶ ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ. ܶ ܳܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ݁ܒ ܰܗܘ ܝܰ ܳ ܝܪܬܐ ݂ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܘܡܐ ܥܰܠ ܡܢ�ܢܐ ݂ܕܩܛܝ� ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܐܘܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐܰ :ܘ ݁ ܶ ܫܡܐܐ ܝܪܬܐ: ܘܐܡܪ �ܣܬܝܪ ܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ :ܘܠ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ܡܢܐ ܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ .ܘܡܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ܥܣܪ ݁ܒܢ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܕܗܡܢ .ܘ ݂ܒܫܪܟܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݂ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܳ . ܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ :ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ :ܢܶ ݂ܬܝ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܫܐ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܶ ܺ ܘܡ ܳܢـܐܰ .ܘ�ܥ ܶ ܳ ܡܚܪ ܺܠ ܽ ܬ ܶ ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܳ ܣـܪ ܐ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ :ܢ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܢܶ ݂ܬܠܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ ܝܣܐ. ݂ܒܢ̈ ̱ ܘܫܢܰ .ܘ�ܥ ܶ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ �ܟܐ .ܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܬ ܰܠܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ ܝܣܐ. ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ ܪܚـܐܰ . ܘܫܢ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ ܣـܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܒـܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܘܩ ܶܛܠـ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ـܘܫܢ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܙܬܐ ܳ� ܰܐ ܶ ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ. ܬܠ ݂ܬܡܐܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ .ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܺ ܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ �ܟــܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫــ ̱ܘ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܢ ݂ܦ ܽ ܘܩܡــ ̱ܘ ܰ ܫــܗܘܢ: ܘܫܪܟــܐ ݂ܕܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢــ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܘܚ ܳ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢܰ .ܘܩܛܠـ ̱ܘ ܶܡـܢ ܳܣ ܰܢܐܝ̈ـ ܽܗܘܢܰ :ܫ ݂ܒܥܝـܢ ܰ ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ̱ܘ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܡܫـܐ ܰ ܺ̈ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܘܫܛ ̱ܘ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ. ܠܦܝܢ .ܘܠ ݂ܒ ݂ܙܬܐ � ܐ ܐ ݂ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܐܪܒܥ ܶ ܳ ܬܥ ܶ ܳ ܪܚܐ ܳܐ݂ ܳܕܪܶ :ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺ�ܝܚ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰ ܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܣܪ ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܪܚܐ. ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂ ܳ ܘܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܘܗܝ ܝܰ ܳ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕ ̱ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܶ� ܐ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰ ̈ܒܝ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐܳ :ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ݁ ܰܒܐܪ ݁ ܰܒܥ ܶ ܳ ܣܪ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܐܕܪ ܰܽ ܳ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܘܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܘܬܐܰ : ܘܡܐ ܳܛ ݂ ܳܒܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܡܫ ݁ܕ ܺܪܝܢ ܡ ܰ ̈� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܓ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗ. ܚ ݂ܕ ݂
Esther Ch.
Chapter
In the twelfth month, that is Adar, on the thirteenth (day of the month), when the time came to carry 1 out the word of the king, and his commandment, against their enemies, the decree 2 was reversed and power over those who hated them was given to the Jews. 3
The Jews assembled, in their cities, in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to lay hands 4 on those who had done them harm. 5 Noone stood against them, for fear of them had fallen upon all peoples.
All the noblemen of the provinces, the commanders of the armies, the lords, the royal officials, 6 honored the Jews, for fear of the king fell upon them. For Mordecai rose to high honor 7 with the king, and his name was known 8 throughout the kingdoms, for the man Mordecai grew steadily greater. 9 The Jews struck all their enemies with the sword, 10 with slaughter, with destruction; they did as they wished to those who hated them.
In Shushan the capital, the Jews killed five hundred men, And Pashiruth, Dalchon, Espoth, Parlat, Dalaiah, Dairath,
Parsmuth, Disai, Adri, and Zuth,
‘carry’: lit. ‘be carried’. ‘decree’: different Syriac word from that in e.g. Esther 3:14. 3 ‘and power over those who hated them was given to the Jews.’: lit. ‘so that the Jews would have power over their haters’. 4 ‘lay hands’: lit. ‘stretch out a hand’. 5 ‘those who had done them harm’: lit. ‘the doers of their evil’. 6 ‘royal officials’: lit. ‘doers of the work of the king’. 7 ‘rose to high honor’: lit. ‘grew great’. 8 ‘was known’: lit. ‘went’. 9 ‘grew steadily greater’: lit. ‘went and grew great’. 10 ‘sword’: lit. ‘a blow of the sword’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܛ. ܳ ܺ ܰ ܪܚــܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܥܣــܪ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣ ـ ܶ� ܐܰ ݁ :ܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܰܡܛــܝ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡــܐ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܺ ݁ ܳ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ ܶ ܠܡ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܰܠ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ̈ �ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ ܝـܕ ݁ܬܐ: ܝܗܘܢ :ܐܫܬܚ� ݂ܦـ ݂ܬ ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ܠܛܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ܳ ̈ܣ ܰܢ ܽ ܐܝܗܘܢ. ܕܢܫܬ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܚܫܝـ ܶ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫـ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ܒ ܽܩــܘ ܺ� ܽܝܗܘܢܰ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ �ܟـܐ ܰܐ ܺ ـܪܫ: �ܗܝــܢ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂ ܽ ݁ܰ ܽ ܩܕ ܰܡܝـ ܽ ـܬ ܽܗܘܢ .ܘܐ̱ ܳܢــܫ ܳ� ܳܩــܡ ݂ ܳ ܘܫܛــܘܢ ܺܐܝـ ݂ ܳ ـܕ ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒـ ݁ ܰ ـܗܘܢܶ :ܡܛــܠ ܕܢ ـܕܝ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܳܫـ ݂ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݀ ݁ ݁ܕܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܚܠ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܥ ̱ܡܡܐ. ܽ ܽ ܰ ܳܶ ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܘܡ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐܳ : ܘܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܳܒـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ :ܘ ܰ� ݁ ܰܒܝ ܰܚ ̈� ܶ�ܳ : �ܟـܐ: ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܚܠܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ. ܡܝܩܪܝܢ ܠܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ .ܡܛܠ ܕܢ ݂ܦܠ ݂ܬ ܕ ݂ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛــܠ ݁ ܺܕ ܶ �ــܘ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܡــܗ ܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ �ܟــܐܰ .ܘ ܶ ܳ ܝــܪ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁ �ܗܝــܢ ــܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܰܡ ݁ ̈ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳܐ ܙܶܠ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ �ܟ ܳܘ ݂ ܳܬܐܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܽܡ ݁ ܘ� ܶܪ ݂ܒ. ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܒܥܶ� ݁ ̈ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ ܡܚܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܛ�ܰ ݂ : ܰܘ ܰ ܘܕܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ. ܝܗܘܢ ܡܚ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕܚܪܒܐ :ܘ݂ܕܩ ܐܝܗܘܢ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝ ܽ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܳ ̈ܣ ܰܢ ܽ ܢܗܘܢ. ܳ ܰ ܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܰܚ ܶܡ ܳ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ܫܡܐܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܺ�ܝܢ. ܘܫܢ ݁ ܺܒܝ ݁ܪܬܐ: �ܕܠ ܽܟܘܢܰ :ܘ� ݁ ܽ ܘܠ ݂ܦ ܺܫ ܽ ܰ ܣܦ ݂ܘܬ. ܝܪ ݂ܘܬܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ ݂ ܪܠܛܰ : ܰܘܠ ݂ ܰܦ ܰ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܝܐܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ �ܕ ܰܝܪ ݂ܬ. �ܕܝ ܰܣܝܰ :ܘ�݁ܕ ܺܪܝܰ :ܘ ܽ ܰܘܠ ݁ ܰܦܪܣ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ �ܙ ݂ܘܬ.
Esther Ch.
For the Jews there was light and gladness, honor and exultation.
In all the provinces, in all the cities, wherever the word and commandment of the king had come, the Jews were very happy, they had a banquet — a good day. 1 Many of the peoples of the land were troubled, 2 for fear of the Jews fell upon them.
1 ‘the Jews were very happy, they had a banquet — a good day’: lit. ‘there was great gladness for the Jews and a banquet and a good day’. 2 ‘were troubled’: see Introduction. Addendum 1.
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܰ ܺܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܘܬܐ ܺܘ ܳ ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܨ ܐ. ܘܥܠ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܗܘܐ ܢܘܗܪ ܐ ܘܚ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܩܘ� ܳ�ܐܰ :ܐ ݂ ܰܬܪ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܺܛܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ: ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳܠ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ ܳ ݂ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰܚ ݂ ܽܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܘܓܐܐ ܶܡܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ ܬܐ ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܠ ܽܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܶܐ :ܘܡܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܳܘܝܰܘܡܐ ܛ ݂ܒܐ :ܘܣ ݂ܳ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܚܠܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܐܪܥܐ ܶܡ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܬ ܺ ܘܗܝܢܶ :ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܝܗܘܢ. ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ݂
Esther Ch.
The king’s scribes were called at that time, in the third month which is Heziran, on the twenty-third (day) of the month. They wrote everything which Mordecai had written concerning the Jews, to the commanders of the armies, to the lords, to the noblemen in the provinces, 1 from Hod to Cush, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, (for each) province in its own script, (for each) people in its own language, and for the Jews in their script and their language. They were written in the name of King Ahasuerus, and sealed with the king’s seal; he sent letters by the hands of runners, by the hands of couriers on horseback, 2 and riders of horses born into the (royal) herd. 3
Letters which the king had written to the Jews in every province, (telling them) to assemble, to defend themselves, 4 to destroy, to kill, to annihilate any man who distressed them, the children, the wives, or plundered them. 5 On the same 6 day in all King Ahasuerus’ provinces, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, that is Adar,
A copy of the letter was given to every province; it commanded all the people, (saying that) the Jews should be prepared for that day, so that they take revenge on their enemies.
The runners came, and the couriers on horseback: they went forth urgently, according to the word and the command which came forth from 7 the capital Shushan. Mordecai left the king’s presence (clad) in royal robes, in blue, in fine white linen, with a golden crown, robed 8 in fine white linen and purple. The city of Shushan exulted, rejoiced.
‘provinces’1 or ‘cities’. 2 ‘couriers on horseback’: lit. ‘messengers riding post’. So too Esther 8:14. 3 ‘born into the (royal) herd’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. 4 ‘defend themselves’: lit. ‘to stand for their lives’. See too Esther 9:16. 5 ‘plundered them’: lit. ‘(took) their property for plunder’. 6 ‘same’: lit. ‘one’. 7 ‘which came forth from’: lit. ‘which was commanded in’. 8 ‘robed’: lit. ‘wrapped’. 1
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ
ܳ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܝܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܽܗܘ ܺ ܚܙ ܳܝܪܢܰ ݁ :ܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܘܐ ݂ܬܩܪܝܘ ܣ ݂ܦ� ܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ݂ܒܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ܗܘ :ܒܝܪܚܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܰ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ ̈ ܣܪܝܢ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰـܠ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ: ܪܚܐܰ ܳ :ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܰ̈ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐܶ :ܡـܢ ܽܗ ݂ܘܕ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡـܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܘܫ: �� ܒܝ ܚܝ� ܘܠܡ�ܘ ݂ܬܐ ܘ�ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ܕ ݂ ܺ ݂݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥ ܶ ܺ ܶ ܣܪܝܢ ܰܘܫ ݂ ܰܒܥ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̇ܗ :ܘ�ܥܡܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܠܫܢـܗ: ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢܢ݂ : ܺ ܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬ ݂ܒ ܽܗܘܢܰ :ܘܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫ ܽ ܢܗܘܢ. ܘܠܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶܰ ܳ ܚܫ ܶ ܩـܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ݁ܒ ܶܫܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ �ܟـܐܰ . ܘܫ ݁ ܰ ـܕܪ ܚܬܡـ ̱ܘ ܒ�ܙ ݂ ܝܪܫܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂ ܘ ݂ܐܬܟ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܺ ݁ܽ ̈ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܡܟܐ. ܐ ݂ܓ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܕ �ܗܛܐ :ܘ ݂ܒܝ ݂ܕ ܐܣܦܘ ݂ܟܐ݂ � :ܟܒܝ � ݂ܟܫܐ ݂ܒܢܝ � ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܬ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐܶ . ܠܡ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢ ܽܫـܘ: �ܟـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂ ܐܓ� ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܘܠ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܡܩܡ �ܢ ݂ܦܫܗܘܢ :ܘܠܡܚܪ ݂ܒ ܘܠܡܩܛـܠ ܘܠܡـܘܒ ݂ܕܘ ܠ ݂ܟـܠ ܐ̱ܢـܫ ܳ �ܗܘܢܰ :ܘܛ ܳ� ̈ܝܶܐ ܘܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐܶ : ܘܩ ܳܢܝ ܽ ݁ ܰܕܡܥܺܝܩ ܽ ܢܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ. ܺ ̈ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܽܝܘܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܬܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܪܚـܐ �ܗܝܢ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܗ ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ :ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂ ܳ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܥܣܪ݁ :ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ. ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܐ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂ ܺ �ـܗܘܢ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡـܐ: ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܗ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܽ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ �ܝ ܳ ܗܘܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܡܛܝ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ܰ ܘܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܦܪܥܘܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ܒܥ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܰܒ ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ. ܺ ܶ ܰ ܐܬܘ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐܺ :ܘܐ ̈ܣ ݁ ܽܦ ݂ ܶ ܘܟـܐ ܳ� ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܒـܝ ܰ� ݂ܟ ܳܫـܐܰ :ܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩـ ̱ܘ ܰ ܘ ܝـܬ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ܡܣܪܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܰ ݂ ܽ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܘܩܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܦܩ ݂ܕ ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ. ܽ ݁ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܠܬܐܰ :ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ ܘܨ ܐ: ܘܡܘܪܕܟܝ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ :ܒ� ݂ܒܘܫܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ :ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܘܫܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܨ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ ܬܐ ܽܫ ܰ ܚܕ ݂ܬ ݀. ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܠܝ� ݂ܕ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒܐ .ܘ ݂ܟܪܝ ݂ܟ ܒ ݂ܒܘܨ ܐ ܘ ݂ܒܐܪܓܘܢܐ .ܘ ݂ ܡܕܝܢ̱
Esther Ch.
Chapter
On that day, King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, and Mordecai entered the presence of the king, for Esther had revealed their relationship. 1
The king raised up the signet ring which he had taken back 2 from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai, and Esther established Mordecai over Haman’s house. Esther returned, and spoke before the king. She fell at his feet, (made) supplication, entreated him, to set aside the evil (intent) of Haman the Agagite, and the plot which he had plotted against the Jews. The king stretched out the golden staff to Esther, and Esther approached him.
She stood before the king and said: If it pleases the king, if the matter seems good to the king, and if I have found favor in his eyes, may he write, may he bring back the letters and (forestall) the plots of Haman the Agagite that he wrote (ordering) the destruction of 3 all the Jews in all the king’s provinces. For how can I bear to see the calamity which will happen to my people? How can I bear 4 to see the destruction of my family? King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther: See! I have given you Haman’s house, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because he threatened 5 the Jews.
And you: (act) concerning the Jews as seems good to you. In the name of the king, order them to seal with the king’s seal, in the writing that is written in the king’s name: that which is sealed with the king’s seal 6 cannot be overturned. 7 ‘their relationship’: lit. ‘what he was to her’. ‘raised up … he had taken back’: same Syriac root. 3 ‘the destruction of’: lit. ‘to destroy’. 4 ‘how can I bear … how can I bear’: lit. ‘how am I able … how am I able’; two different Syriac roots. 5 ‘threatened’: lit. ‘stretched out his hand against’. 6 ‘seal’: lit. ‘signet ring’. 7 ‘cannot be overturned’: lit. ‘does not return’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܚ. ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ :ܒ ܘܡܐ ܰܗܘ ܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ � ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܺ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐܽ . ܘܡ ݁ ݁ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܣܬܝܪ ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ :ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ܓܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ݂ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܫܩــܠ ܶܡــܢ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ :ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݁ ܳܒــ ̇ܗ ܽ ܩــܬܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ــܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܫܩــܠ ܡ ܶ�ܟــܐ �ܙ ݂ ݁ܺ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ. ܣܬܝܪ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܥܠ ܒ ܝܡܬܗ ܐ ܘܐܩ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܶ ܰ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܝܪ ܰ ܘܡܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ �ܟܐ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝ .ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܳ ܬ ݂ܳ ܘܗ ݂ܦܟ ݂ܬ ܐܣ ܥܝـܐ ܬ ܥܰܠ � ݂ܓܠ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܘܡܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܫܦܐ ܠܗ݁ :ܕܢ ݁ܥܒـܪ ݁ܒܝܫـܬܐ ݂ܕܗܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ :ܘܡ ܰ ܚܫ ݂ܒـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ܰܚ ܰܫـ ݂ܒ ܶ ݂ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ. ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝܪ. ܣܬܝܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ .ܘܩܪܒ ݂ܬ ܠܗ ܐ ܘܐܘܫܛ ܡ�ܟܐ � ܳ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ܶ .ܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ �ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪܳ . ܬ ݂ܳ ܘܫ ݂ ܰܦـܪ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ܰ ݁ܶ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܬ ܰ� ܶ ݂ܳ �ܟܐܶ :ܘܐܢ ܶܐ ݁ ܗܦـ ݂ܟ ܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ܘܗܝ :ܢܶ ݂ܟـ ݁ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܘܢ ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ ܚܡـܐ ݂ܒܥܰܝܢ̈ـ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܘܒ ݂ ܽܕܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܡ ̈ܚܫ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܳܓ ܳܓ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܰ ܰ �ܗܝـܢ ݂ ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܶ ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ݂ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰܐ ݁ ܰ ܡܝ ܰܘ ݁ ܰ ܐܚܙ ܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܺܒ ݁ ܨ�ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ ܝܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܳ ܐܝܟ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݁ ܫܟ ܳܚܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܝܫܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܓ ݁ ܰܕܫ �ܥܰ ̱ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ ܐܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܒܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫܪ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ. ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܝ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ :ܗܐ ݂ܒ ܗܒـ ݂ܬ ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ � ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܶ : ܐܘܫܛ ܺܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܽ ܘܠܗ ݁ܬ ܰܠܘ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ ܝܣܐ :ܥܰܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܐܶ. ܽ ܰܘܐܢ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ ܽ ܫܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܟـܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܚܬܘܡـ ̱ܘ �ܟـܐ ݂ ̱ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܚــܬܡ ܩــܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟــܐ :ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒــܐ ݂ܕܡ ݂ܬܟــ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒܫــܡ ܡ�ܟــܐ ܘܡ ݂ܬ ݂ ܒ�ܙ ݂ ܳ ݁ ܶܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܩܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ �ܟܐ ܘ� ܳܗ ݂ܦ ݂ܟ. ܒ�ܙ ݂
Esther Ch.
The king went from the garden of the pavilion, to (return to) the banquet. Haman had cast himself 1 upon the couch on which Esther sat. The king said: Will he also dishonor the queen, in my presence, 2 within the house? The king spoke the word: 3 Haman’s face was covered.
Rahbona, one of the king’s eunuchs, answered, said in the presence of the king: See! There is the gallows, too. Haman was prepared to hang Mordecai on it, for he had spoken in the king’s interest. 4 It stands in Haman’s house, fifty cubits high. The king said: Let them hang him on it. They hanged Haman on the gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai. The king’s anger was assuaged.
‘had cast himself’: lit. ‘lay’. ‘Will he also dishonor the queen, in my presence?’: lit. ‘Also to dishonor the queen with me’. 3 ‘The king spoke the word’: lit. ‘The word went out from the mouth of the king’. 4 ‘in the king’s interest’: lit. ‘fairly concerning the king’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ
ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܶ ܡܪ ܐܳ . ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܰ ܢܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ܪܡـܐ �ܟܐ ܗ ݂ܦ ݂ܟ ܡܢ ܓ ݂ ܝܬ ܳܘܢܐ :ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ݁ܺ ܐܡــܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܗ ܶܘ ܰ ܥܰــܠ ܥܰ ܳ �ܟ ـܐܳ :ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܰܠ ܰ ܐܣܬܝــܪ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ـܐ ܥܠܶܝـ ̇ ܡܨ ܳ�ـ ܽـܪܘ ܪܣــܐ :ܘ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ ܘܡܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܬ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܦـ ܶ ܠـܬܐ ܢܶ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ ݀ �ܟـܐ. ܡܝ ܒ ݂ܓܘ ܒܝܬܐ .ܘܡ ݂ ܠܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ܶ ̱ ܰ ܺ ܰܘ ݁ ܰ ݁ ̈ ܐܦ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬܚܦܝ. ܳ ܩـܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܥܢܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܽ �ܟܐܶ :ܘ ܰ ܘܢܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܰ ܚܒ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ݂ ܳ �ܟـܐܳ :ܗܐ ܐ ݂ܦ ܡܗܝ ̈ܡ ܰܢ ̱ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܰ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܘܪܕ ܰܟܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܳ� ܽ ܝܣܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܶܩܢ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܶ ܰܩ ܳ ܝـܪܬܐ ـܘܗܝ :ܥـܠ ܕܐܡـܪ ܫܦ ܠܡ ݁ ݂ ̱ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܶ ܐܡـܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢܰ .ܪ ܶ ܡܫܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܡܗ ܰܚ ܺ �ܟـܐ �ܟܐ .ܘܩܐܡ ܒ ݂ܒ ܰܽ ܰ ܘܗܝ. ܘܗܝ ܥܠ ̱ ݂ܬ� ̱ ܰܽ ܶ ܶ ܡـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܣܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܬ ܶܩـܢ ܶܠـܗ ܽ ܘܗܝ ܳ �ܗ ܳܡܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ �ܟـܐ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ .ܘܚ ݂ ܶܰܘ ݂ܬ� ̱ ܝܚ ݂ ݀ ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺ� ܰ ܬ.
Esther Ch.
Chapter
The king and Haman went to the banquet which Queen Esther had prepared.
The king said to Esther, on the same day as the banquet: 1 What is your request, your petition? Up to half my kingdom, it will be given to you.
Esther answered saying: If I have found favor in your eyes, O king, and if it pleases the king, I ask that my life may be spared, I petition for my people too. 2
For I and my people have been sold, for slaughter, to the sword, to destruction! Had it been that we would be sold as slaves, as bondwomen, I would have kept silent, but the enemy does not desist from telling (his story to) 3 the king.
King Ahasuerus answered and said to Queen Esther: Who is this? — Or where is (he), whose heartfelt desire 4 is to do so?
Esther said: The man, the oppressor, the enemy — he is Haman, this evil (man). Haman quaked before the king and the queen.
The king rose, angrily, from the banquet, 5 to go outside to the garden of the pavilion. Haman stood, that he might plead for his life from Queen Esther, for he saw that the king determined an evil fate for him. 6
‘on the same day as the banquet’: lit. ‘also on the day of the banquet of wine’. ‘I ask that my life may be spared, I petition for my people too’: lit. ‘may my soul be given in my request and my people in my petition’. 3 ‘telling (his story to)’: lit. ‘showing clearly’. 4 ‘whose heartfelt desire’: lit. ‘who would raise up his heart’. 5 ‘banquet’: lit. ‘banquet of wine’. So passim. 6 ‘the king determined an evil fate for him’: lit. ‘evil was determined against him from the king’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܙ.
ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܘܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳ �ܟ ݂ܬܐ. ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܠܡܫܬ�ܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܡ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܣܬܝܪܳ :ܐ ݂ܦ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܡـܪ ܐܳ :ܡ ܳܢـܐ ܘܐܡܪ �ܗ ܡ�ܟܐ � ܶ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܐܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ݂ .ܥܕܡܐ ܠ ݂ܦ ݁ ܠܓ ̇ܗ ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ :ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ̱ܗܝ ܫ ݂ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܝـܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܣܬܝـܪ ܶܘ ܰ ـܬ ܰ� ܶ ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ܶ .ܐܢ ܶܐ ݁ ܚܡـܐ ݂ ܰܒܥ̈ ܰܝܢ ݁ �ܟـܐܶ :ܘܐܢ ܥܰـܠ ܘܥܢܬ ܐ ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ ܰ ݂݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܡܝ ܒ ݂ܒܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ. ܫܝ ܒܫܐܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ :ܘܥ ̱ ܡ�ܟܐ ܫܦܝܪ :ܬ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ܢ ݂ܦ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܪܒـܐܰ :ܘ� ݂ܒ ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐܶ .ܘ ܽ ܐܙܕ ݁ ܰܒܢ ܰܢܢ ܶܐ ܳܢܐ ܘܥܰ ܠܚ ݁ ܳ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ ܛـ�ܰ :ܘ ܰ ܐܠـܘ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬܩܢܶـܐ ܡܝ ܠܩ ̱ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ̈ ܳ ܶ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢـ ܰ ـܬ݂ܶ �ܳ .ܓܝــܪ ܳܫـ ܶـ� ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ـܗܪ ܥ ݂ܒـܕ ܐ ܘܐܡـ ـܗ ݂ܬܐ ܐ ݁ ܰܙܕ ݁ ܰܒ ܰܢــܢܳ :ܫ ݂ܬ ܳܩــܐ ̱ܗ ܺܘܝـ ݂ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܰ �ܟܐ. ܰ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ �ܟـ ݂ܬܐܰ :ܡ ܽܢـܘ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ :ܐܘ ܐ ܰܝܢـܘ: ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ ܘܥܢܐ ܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝـܪܫ ܘܐܡـܪ � ݁ ܶܕ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ܺܪܝܡ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕܢܶ ݁ ܶ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ. ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܝܫـܐܳ . ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܗ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܣܬܝܪܰ ݁ :ܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܐ ܽܠ ܳ ܘܨ ܐܰ :ܘ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ ܶ݁ ݁ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ ܘܡ�ܟ ݂ܬܐ. ܐܬܬܙܝܥ ܡܢ ݂ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܳ ܡܪ ܐܶ : ܡܬܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܝܬ ܳܘܢـܐ. ـܬ ܒ ܠܡ ݁ ܰܦـܩ ܘܡ�ܟܐ ܩܡ ܒܚ ݂ ܠܓܢ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܳܩܡ ݁ܕܢܶ ݂ܒܥܶܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫـܗܶ :ܡـܢ ܐ ݁ ܳ �ܟـ ݂ܬܐܶ :ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܣܬܝـܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܚـܙ ܐ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ݂ܕ ܶܓܪ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܳ ܝܫܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܘܗܝ ܒ ܬ � ̇ܗ ܥܠ ̱ ݂
Esther Ch.
Let the garment, and the horse, be given to one of the king’s Parthian freemen; 1 and let them clothe the man whom the king wishes to honor, let them set him on the horse, let them lead him around the streets; they should call out before him ‘Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king wishes to honor’.
So the king said to Haman: At once, take the garment, lead the horse, as you have said; and do thus to Mordecai the Jew who sits in the king’s gate — do everything 2 that you have suggested.
So Haman took the garments and he led the horse; he clothed Mordecai and led him around the city streets, and called out before him: Thus is it done to the man whom the king wishes to honor. Mordecai came to the king’s gate, and Haman went to his house, mourning, covering his head.
Haman told his wife Zaresh everything that had happened to him. His friends, and his wife Zaresh, said: If Mordecai is of the Jewish race, 3 and you have begun to show him respect, you will not take his power from him. 4 Rather, you will continue to show him respect. 5
While he was talking with them, the king’s runners came, and made Haman hurry to the banquet which Esther had prepared.
‘by the king’s Parthian freemen’: lit. ‘from the Parthian freemen of the king’. See Introduction. Addendum 1. 2 ‘do everything’: lit. ‘do not omit a word’. 3 ‘Jewish race’: lit. ‘seed of the Jews’. 4 ‘take his power from him’: lit. ‘find his power’. 5 ‘show him respect … show him respect’: lit. ‘fall before him … fall before him’. 1
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܛ
ܝ
ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ
ܶ ܺ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܺܚܐ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬ ܶ ܘܫܐ ܽ ܘܣ ܳ ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ ܰܦ� ݂ܬ ܳܘ�ܶܐܰ .ܘܢ ݁ ܘܣܝܐ ܰ ܝܘܗܝ ܘܢ ݂ ܠܒ ܺܫ ̱ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐܝܩـܪܗܰ .ܘܢ ݁ܪܟ ݂ ܽܒـܘܢܶܗ ܥܰـܠ ܽܣ ܳ ܠܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܘܣܝـܐܰ :ܘܢ ݁ ܚܕܪܘܢܶـܗ ݂ܰ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ̈ܘ ܶܩܐ :ܘܢܶ ܽ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܩܪܘܢ ݂ ܳ ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ. ܘܗܝ :ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܰ ݂ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳ ܘܣܝܐ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܘܫܐܰ :ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܽܣ ܳ ܥܓܠ ܰܣ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ �ܗ ܳܡܢܰ ݁ :ܒ ܰ ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ. ݂ ܳ ܰܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܺܽ ܳܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܠـܬܐ �ܟܐ .ܘ� ݂ܬ ݂ܒܨܪ ܡ ݂ ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܝܗ ݂ܘܕ�ܐ :ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡ ݁ܪܬ. ܐܠܒ ܶܫـܗ ܽ ܰܘ ܰ ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܠ ݂ ܽܒ ̈ܘ ܶܫـܐܰ :ܘ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܽܣ ܳ ܘܣܝـܐܰ :ܘ ݁ ܠܡ ݁ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ .ܘܐ ݂ܟܪ ݂ ܶܟـܗ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܬܐܰ :ܘ ܳ ܠܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܩܪ ܐ ݂ ܳ �ܟـܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ܒܫܘܩܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܡܕܝܢ̱ ܘܗܝ :ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܢ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ܰ ݂ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ. ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܠܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܳ . ܝܬܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒܝܠ ܰܘ ܰ ܐܬܐ ܽܡ ݁ ܡܚ ݁ ܰܦܝ ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܐ ܰܙܠ ܠ ݂ܒ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݂ ܘ݂ ܶ ܺܪܝܫܗ. ܶ ݁ܰ ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓـ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܶܠـܗܳ .ܘ ܺ ܐܫܬܥܺܝ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ �ܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ܐܡܪܝـܢ ܶܠـܗ ܘ ݂ ܘܫ ܺܪܝــܬ݁ ـܘܗܝ ܰܘܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ̱ـ ݁ ܰ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ . ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗܶ :ܐܢ ܶܡــܢ ܰܙܪܥܰ ـܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶــܐ ܽܡـ ݁ ܳ�ܚܡـ ̱ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܰܦܠ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܘܗܝ. ܡ ܩܕ ܬ ܢ ܐ ݂ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ̱ ܘܗܝ :ܕ� ܡܨ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܚܝܠܗ :ܐ� ݂ܬܘ ݂ܒ ܢ ݂ܦܠ ̱ ܡܗܘܢܰ :ܡ ܺܛܝܘ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܡܡܠܶܠ ܥܰ ܽ ܘܗܝ ܳ ܘܥܰ ݂ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰ �ܟـܐܰ . �ܗ ܳܡـܢ ܘܣܪܗ ݂ ܽܒـ ̱ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܣܬܝܪ. ܠܡܫܬ�ܐ ݂ܕܥ ݂ܒܕ ݂ܬ ܐ
Esther Ch.
VIII
4
Chapter
That night sleep evaded the king, so he ordered (that they should) bring the book of records of daily occurrences, and they read (it) to the king.
It was found that was written (there) that Mordecai had made it known, concerning Bagthan and Teresh, two eunuchs of the king, guardians of the gate, that they had sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. The king said: What glory and honor has been conferred on 1 Mordecai for this? The king’s servants and his ministers said to the king that nothing had been done for him.
The king said: Who is in the court? Haman had come to the king’s house, to the outer court, so that he could say to the king that he should hang Mordecai on the gallows that he had set up for him. His young men said to the king: See! Haman is standing in the court. The king said: Let him enter.
So Haman entered. The king said to him: What is it proper to do for a man whom the king wishes to honor? 2 Haman said to himself: 3 Whom, more than me, does the king wish to honor? 4
Haman said to the king: For the man whom the king wishes to honor — Let them bring royal robes, such as the king wears, a horse such as the king rides, while you place on its head a royal crown.
‘conferred on’: lit. ‘done for’. ‘wishes to honor’: lit. ‘wishes with his honor’. So passim. 3 ‘to himself’: lit. ‘in his heart’. 4 ‘to honor … to honor’: same Syriac root as ‘glory’ in e.g. Esther 1:4. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܨܚ ܚ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܘ.
ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ܠܡ ܳܥܠܽܘ ܣ ݂ ܰܦܪ ܽܥ ̈ ܢܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰ �ܟܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܘܗ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ̈ܡـ� ܘ ݂ܒܠ�ܝܐ ܗܘ ܦܪܕ ݂ܬ ܫ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܗܘܘ ܳܩ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ �ܟܐ. ݂ܕܝܘܡ ݂ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܬܢ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܰܪܫ ݁ܬ ܶܪܝـܢ ܰ ܬܝ ݂ܒ݁ :ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܽܡ ݁ ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶـܐ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰـ ܺܠ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܓـ ݂ ܘܐܫܬ ݂ܟܚ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܳ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܐ ܺ �ܟܐ ܳܢܛ ܰ�ܝ ݁ܬܪܥܐܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܒܥܰܘ ݂ܕ ܰܢܘܫܛܘܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܚܫܝܪܫ. ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ݁ ܽ ܳ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐܳ .ܐ ܺ ܘܬܐ ܽ ܠܡ ݁ ܡܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ :ܡܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܐܝܩܪ ܐ ܘܪܒ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܶ �ܟܐܰ :ܘ ܰ ̈ ̈ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܗܝ ܰ ܘܗܝ݁ :ܕ� ܐ ݂ܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܠܗ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ. ܡܫܡ ܳܫ ܰܢ ̱ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܶܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝـܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܪܬܐܳ . ܶܘ ܰ �ܟܐܰ :ܡ ܽܢܘ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ܝـܬܐ: �ـܕܪܬܐ ݂ܒܪ �ܟـܐ ݂ ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ܶ� ܽ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܰܠ ܰܩ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰ ݁ܕ ܺܢ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܝܣܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܐܬ ܶܩܢ ܶܠܗ. ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܳ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܪܬܐܶ .ܘܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐ: ܘܗܝ ܠܡ�ܟܐ :ܗܐ ܗܡܢ ܩܐܡ ܒ ݂ܕ ܳܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܠܗ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܰܡ ̱ ܶ� ܽܥܘܠ. ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܳ :ܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܘ ܶ� ܶ ܘܥܰܠ ܳܗ ܳܡܢܶ .ܘ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܰ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ݂ܰ �ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒـܐ ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܺ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܠܡ ܽܢܘ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒܗܰ : ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗܶ .ܘ ܰ ـܪ ܐ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝـܪ �ܟܐ ܠܡܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝܩ ܝܠܝ. ܶܡܢ ݁ ܺܕ ̱ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܝܩ ܶܪܗ. �ܟܐ݂ ܰ : ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܰ ܘܣ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܘܬܐ݁ :ܕ ܳܠ ݂ ܶܒـܫ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐܽ : ܝܬܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒܘܫـܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟـ ܢ ـܘܗܝ ݂ ܘܣܝـܐ ݂ܕܪ ݂ܟـ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ̱ ܰ ݁ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ݁ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܡ�ܟܐ :ܟ ݂ܕ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܬܣܝܡ ܬ ݂ܓܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܪܝܫܗ.
Esther Ch.
Haman was enraged. He went to his house, he sent (them) to bring 1 all his friends and Zaresh his wife.
Haman told them of the glory of his wealth, his many sons, how the king had raised him up, advanced him above the noblemen, above all the king’s servants.
Haman said: Further, Esther has brought no-one other than me before the king; 2 and also, tomorrow, I am invited to her, with the king.
But all of this profits me not at all so long as 3 I see him, Mordecai the Jew, who sits in the king’s gate and is not intimidated by me.
Zaresh his wife, and all his friends, said to him: Let them set up a gallows, fifty cubits high. In the morning say to the king ‘Let them hang 4 Mordecai on it’; and go in to the banquet, with the king, rejoicing. This advice 5 greatly pleased Haman, and he set up the gallows.
‘them to bring’: lit. ‘they brought’. ‘no-one other than me before the king’: lit. ‘no man Esther has brought in with the king except me’. 3 ‘not at all’: lit. ‘at any hour’. 4 ‘hang’: lit. ‘give’. So too Esther 6:4. 5 ‘advice’: lit. ‘word’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݁ܶ ܝܬܝــܘ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ـܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ ـܘܗܝ: ـܬܗ .ܘܫــܕܪ ܐ ܶܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܦܝــܪ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢܶ :ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ܠ ݂ܒܝـ ܚܡـ ̱ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܘ �ܙ ܶܪܫ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܗ. ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ـܪ ܐ ܕ ܽܥـ ܶ ܐܫܬܥܺــܝ �ـ ܽ ܽ ـܘܓܐܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝܰ ݂ : ܘ ܘܕܐܘܪ ݂ ܶܒـܗ ـܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ܐ ܳܝܩـ ܳ ݂ ݂ ـܘܬܪܗ :ܘܣـ ݂ܳ ܰ ܽ ܺ ̈ ܝܡܗ ܥܰܠ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ :ܘܥܰܠ ݁ܟܠ ܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܰ :ܘܐܩ ܶ �ܟܐ. ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝܪ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܶ :ܐ ܳ� ܶܐܢ ܺܠܝܳ .ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܳ ܡܚܪ ܘܐܡܪ ܗܡܢ :ܘܐ ݂ܦ� �̱ܢܫ ܐܥܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܡܙ ܰܡܢ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰ �ܟܐ. ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܥܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ܶـܙ ܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ܶܠـܗ ܽ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܺ ܽܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܳ�ـܐ ܘܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ � ܳܫ ܶܘܐ ܺܠܝ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܫ ݂ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ݁ :ܕ ܳ� ܳܙ ܰܐܥ ܶܡܢ ݂ ܳ ܩܕ ܰܡܝ. ݂ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ ܶܘ ܰ ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܝܣـܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܪ ܶ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܰܙ ܶܪܫ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܘܗܝ :ܢܶ ݁ܥܒـ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܰܩ ܳ �ـܗܘܢ ܳ� ܰ ܘܡـܗ ܚܡ ̱ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ـܘܢܝ ̱ܗܝ ܽ �ܟܐ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܬ ܽܠ ܳ ܡܫܝܢ ܰܐ ܺܡ ̈ܝܢܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܰ ܰܚ ܺ ܠܡ ݁ ـܘܗܝ. ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܥܠ ̱ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܥܰܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܚ ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܠܡ ݁ ܘܥܘܠ ܰ ـܬܶ . ـܘܗܝ ܘܫ ݂ܦـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܡܠـ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ܳܛ ݂ܒܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܩ ܳ ܝܣܐ.
Esther Ch.
Chapter
So on the third day Esther clothed herself in royal robes, 1 and stood in the inner court of the king’s house, in front of the king’s house. The king was sitting on the royal throne, in front of the gate of the house.
When the king saw Queen Esther standing in the court, she was received favorably before him. The king stretched out to Esther the golden staff which (he held) in his hand. Esther approached, and took hold of the tip of the golden staff. The king said to her: What is it, Queen Esther? Whatever is your request, 2 up to half my kingdom, shall be given to you.
Esther said: If it pleases the king, may he come, and Haman, to the banquet which I have prepared for him. The king said: Immediately, (go and) see Haman, so that he may do as Esther says. The king came, and Haman, to the banquet.
The king said to Esther, while drinking the wine: 3 What do you ask? 4 It shall be given to you. What is your request? Up to half the kingdom, it will be given to you. Esther answered and said: My request, my petition —
If I have found favor in your eyes, O king, and if it pleases you, O king, to grant my request, to accept 5 my petition — may the king come, and Haman, to the banquet which I shall prepare for them tomorrow, according to the word of the king.
Haman went out that day, rejoicing, glad at heart. When Haman saw Mordecai sitting in the king’s gate, not rising, not intimidated 6 by him, Haman was filled with rage against Mordecai.
‘royal robes’: lit. ‘clothing of the kingdom’. So too e.g. Esther 6:8. ‘request’: lit. ‘petition’. So too Esther 5:6. 3 ‘while drinking the wine’: lit. ‘at the banquet of wine’. 4 ‘do you ask’: lit. ‘is your question’. 5 ‘accept’: lit. ‘do for me’. 6 ‘intimidated’: lit. ‘moved’. So too Esther 5:13. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܗ.
ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܘܬܐܳ : ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܽܝ ܳ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܝܬ�ܐ ܠ ݂ܒܫ ݂ܬ ܐ ـܬ ݁ܒـ ݂ ܳܕ ݁ܪܬܐ ܘܡܐ ݂ܬܠ ݂ ܣܬܝـܪ ܠ ݂ܒܘܫـܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟـ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܝـܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐܽ :ܠ ݂ ܰ ـܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܰܓ ܳܘ ݁ܝܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ �ܟـܐ .ܘܡ�ܟـܐ ܝ ݂ ـܘܩܒܠ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܝܬܐ. ܘܩܒܠ ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܘܪܣܝܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ :ܠ ݂ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܩ ܳ ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܪܬܐܶ : ـܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ ܝܡـܐ ݂ܒـ ݂ܕ ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܚـܙ ܐ ܡ�ܟـܐ � ܣـܕ ܐ �ܟـ ݂ ܶ ݁ܺ ܐܘܫܛ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܝـܕܗ :ܘ ܶܩ ݁ ܰ ܪܒـ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝܰ .ܘ ܶ ܣܬܝܪ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܺܒ ݂ ܶ ݂ܳ ܬ �ܟܐ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܳ ܺ ܶܐ ݁ ܐܚܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܶ ܣܬܝܪ ܶܘ ݁ ܰ ܝܫܗ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ. ݁ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐܳ : ܶܘ ܰ ـܘܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. �ܟܐ ܳܡـܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܐ ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ ܘܡ ܳܢـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܒܥ ݂ ܠܓ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܬܶ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ ݂ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܦ ݁ ܳ ܝܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܺ ܣܬܝܪܶ :ܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܐܬܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ �ܟـܐ ܘ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܰ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ �ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ܦܝـܪ ܺܢ ݂ ܶ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܠܗ. ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܚـܙܘ ܳ ܳܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܥܓܠ ܰ ܣܬܝـܪܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܐ �ܗ ܳܡـܢ :ܢܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܕܐܡـܪ ܐ ܐ �ܟܐ݁ :ܒ ܰ ݂ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ �ܟܐ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܡܢ ܰ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ. ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ݁ :ܬܶ ݂ ܺܬ ܶ ܘܐܡܪ ܡ�ܟܐ �ܣܬܝܪ ܒܡܫܬ�ܐ ܕܚܡܪ ܐ :ܡܢܐ ܫ ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ. ܐܠ ܺ ݂ ܶ ݂݁ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ݁ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܰ ݂ . ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܠ ݂ܦܠܓ ̇ܗ ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܬܝܗ ݂ܒ ܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ܶ :ܫ ܰ ܣܬܝܪ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܠ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ. ܘܥܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ܶ ܶ �ܟܐܶ :ܘܐܢ ܥܠ ܰ ݁ܝܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ ܶܐܢ ܶܐ ݁ �ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ݁ :ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܬܠ ܺܠܝ ܐܠ ݂ܬܝ :ܘܬܶ ݁ ܶ ܺ ܶܫ ܰ ـܐܬܶܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ �ܟـܐ ܘ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܰ ܐܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܠـܝ ݂ ܳܒ ܽܥ ݂ ݂ ̱ ـܘܬ ̱ܝܺ :ܢ ݂ ܡܚܪܰ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܳ �ܟܐ. ݂ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦ ـܩ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ݁ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ـܕ ܐ ܰܘ ݂ܦ ܺܨܝــܚ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܶܒ ـܗ .ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܳ ܘܡ ـܐ ܰܗܘܳ :ܚـ ݂ ܶ ܚܙܝ ـ ̱ܗܝ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܺ ܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐ :ܘ� ܳܩـܡ ܘ� ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ ܺܙܝـܥ ܶܡܢܶـܗ :ܐ ݂ܬܡܠـܝ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܕܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܡܬܐ ܥܰܠ ܽܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ. ܗ ܡܢ ܚ ݂
Esther Ch.
VII
So Hathan went in, and spoke to Esther as Mordecai had said. 1
Esther spoke to Hathan and instructed him (to go) to Mordecai and say:
All the king’s servants know that any man or woman who enters, before the king, in the inner court, (whose presence) has not been 2 commanded — this is the sign of one who comes to be killed — except the one to whom the king stretches out the golden staff: he will live. And see! 3 I have not been called to enter, before the king for three days. They told Mordecai what Esther had said.
Mordecai said: Say to Esther ‘Do not believe 4 that, when you are in the king’s house, you (alone) of all the Jews will escape.
If you remain silent at this time, there will be relief and salvation for the Jews from another source; 5 but you, and your father’s house, you will perish — and who knows, perhaps it is in anticipation 6 of this time that you were called, brought to royal estate? 7 Esther said: Say to Mordecai —
‘Go, gather all the Jews in Shushan the capital, and fast on my behalf. Do not eat, do not drink, for three days, night and day; I and my maidens will fast in the same way. Then I shall enter before the king, though it be not according to 8 the law, and I shall have done all I can. 9 So Mordecai went, and did all that Esther had instructed 10 him.
‘as Mordecai had said’: lit. ‘Mordecai’s words’. See too Esther 4:12 ‘(whose presence) has not been’: lit. ‘one who was not’. 3 ‘And see!’: lit. ‘Behold’. 4 ‘believe’: lit. ‘think in your soul’. 5 ‘source’: lit. ‘place’. 6 ‘perhaps it is in anticipation’: lit. ‘if because’. 7 ‘royal estate’: lit. ‘kingdom’. 8 ‘though it be not according to’: lit. ‘not by the law’. 9 ‘and I shall have done all I can’: lit. ‘However, I did, I did’. See Addendum 2. 10 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘sent’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܨܚ ܙ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܝܙ
ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝܪ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܘܥܠ ܗ ݂ܬܢ :ܘܐܡܪ � ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܺ �ܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ :ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶܗ ܳ ܣܬܝܪ ܰ ܠܡ ܰ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܐܡܪ. ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܟܐ ܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ݁ :ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܐܘ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐܠ ݂ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܽ ܚܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܳܐ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܐܬܶܐ ܶ ܝܬܐܰ :ܐ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕܳ ݂ : ܠܡ ݂ܬܩܛܠـܘ :ܠ ݂ ܰܒـܪ �ܕܪܬܐ ݂ܓܘ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܝـܬ ܶܡܢ ܡܢ ܕܡـܘܫܛ ܠـܗ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܫ ݂ܒܛـܐ ݂ܕ݂ܕܗ ݂ܒـܐ ܘܚܝـܐ .ܘܐܢـܐ � ܐ ݂ܬܩܪ ݂ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܠܡܥܰܠ ݂ ܳ �ܟܐ ܳܗܐ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܐ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ. ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܶ ̈ ̇ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܐܣܬܝܪ. ܘܚ ܺܘܝ ܠܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܡ�ܝܗ ܕ ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝـܪ݂ �ܳ .ܬܶ ݁ ܘܐܡܪ ܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ :ܐܡـܪ �ـܗ � ܝـܬ ܣܒ ܺܪܝـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ݁ :ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܠܛܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܐܶ. ܡ �ܟܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ :ܡ ݂ܬܦ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ�ܶܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܕܘ ݁ ܳܟـܐ ܐ ܺ ܚܬܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦ ܳ ܘܪܩ ܳܢܐ ܳܗ ܶܘܐ ܺܠ ܽ ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ ܐܢ ܬܫܬܩܝܢ ܒܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ܗܢ ܳܐ :ܪܘ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܝܬ ܐ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܳܕ ܐ ܐܢ̱ـܬ ̱ܝ .ܘܡܢـܘ ܝ ݂ـܕܥ :ܐܢ ܡܛـܠ ܗܢـܐ ܙ ݂ܒܢـܐ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܺ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܩܪ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܩ ܰܪ ݂ܒ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܠܡ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝܪܶ :ܐ ܰܡܪ ܽ ܠܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܙܶܠ ݁ ܰܟܢܶܫ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܝـܪܬܐܽ : ܘܨܘܡـ ̱ܘ ܥܠܰـܝ :ܘ� ܐܝـܬ ܒܫـܘܫܢ ܒ �ـܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ �ܝــܐ ܺܘ ܳ ــܬܐ ܰܝــ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ ܺܠ ܳ ܐܝܡ ܳܡــܐܳ .ܘܐ ݂ܦ ܐ ܳܢــܐ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܟܠــܘܢ :ܘ� ݂ܬܫــܬܘܢ ܬܠ ݂ ܶܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰܘ ܰ �ܟـܐ ݂ܕ� ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡـܘܣܶ .ܘܐܢ ܩـܕܡ ܡ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܐܨܘܡ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ .ܗ ܝܕܝܢ ܐ ܽܥܘܠ ݂ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ :ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ. ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܶܘ ܰܐܙܠ ܽܡ ݁ ܣܬܝܪ. ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܫ�ܚ ݂ܬ ܠܗ ܐ
Esther Ch.
Chapter
Mordecai knew all that had been done. Mordecai tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, sprinkled his head 1 with ashes, and went out lamenting into the middle of the city — a loud and bitter lament. He came to the palace gate: but no man clothed in sackcloth was permitted to come 2 to the palace gate. In every province, when the king’s word came, there was deep mourning among the Jews, a fast, weeping, lamentation, 3 sackcloth and ashes; it laid many low.
Esther’s eunuchs went in and told her. The queen was deeply distressed; she sent clothes to clothe Mordecai, in place of the sackcloth, 4 but he would not comply. 5 Esther called Hathan the eunuch, one of the king’s eunuchs. He stood before her; she ordered him (to go) to Mordecai, that she would know what was the trouble, what it was about. 6
Hathan went out to Mordecai, to the city market place, 7 in front of the king’s gate. Mordecai told him everything that had happened to him, and (gave) an account of the money which Haman had said should be paid into the treasury for the destruction of the Jews,
And he gave him a copy (of the decree) which had been issued in Shushan the capital, so that he could tell Esther, and could instruct her to seek audience of 8 the king, plead with him, and make supplication on behalf of the people.
‘his head’: lit. ‘himself’. ‘no man clothed in sackcloth was permitted to come’: lit. ‘there was no law that a man clothed in sackcloth should come’. 3 ‘lamentation’: different Syriac root from ‘lamenting … lament’ in Esther 4:1. 4 ‘in place of’ the sackcloth: lit. ‘and to strip the sackcloth from him’. 5 ‘comply’: lit. ‘receive’. 6 ‘what was the trouble, what it was about’: lit. ‘what is this and about what’. 7 ‘market place’ or ‘streets’. 8 ‘seek audience of’: lit. ‘go into’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܕ.
̈ ܽ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܺܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕܰ . ܘܡ ݁ ܘܨ ܺܪܝ ܽܡ ݁ ـܘܗܝܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟ ݂ ܶܒـܢ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܠ ݂ ܽܒܘ ܰܫ ̱ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰܣ ܳܩܐܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܺܦܝܠ ݁ܒ ܶܩ ܳ ܠـܬܐ ܰܪ ݁ܒـ ݂ܬܐ ܛܡܐܰ .ܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܰܡܝܠܠ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓܘ ݂ ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܝܠ ݂ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܝܪܬܐ. ܘܡܪ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܠܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܬܐ ݂ ܰ �ܟܐ .ܘܠܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ݂ܕܐ̱ܢܫ ܢ�ܒܫ ܣܩܐ :ܘܢ ݂ܐܬܐ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܘ݂ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܠܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ� ݁ܟܐ. ݂ ܶ ܡܕ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܺܛܝ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܐ ݂ܒـ ܳ� ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܺܠ ܽ �ܟـܐܳ : ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݂ ܺ ܝܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ: ݂ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܘܣ ܳܩܐ ܶ ܘܩ ܳ ܬܐܰ : ܩܕ ݂ ܳܬܐܰ . ܘܡ� ݂ ܳ ܠܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐ. ܛܡܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܶܟ ݂ܟ ܘܨܘܡܐ :ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܟ ݂ ܶ݁݁ܺ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶ ̇ ݁ܺ ܳ ̇ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܘܚ ܽ ܐܣܬܝܪܰ : ܘܝ ̇ ܘܥܰܠ ̱ܘ ܡܗܝܡܢܝܗ ܕܝ�ܗ ܕ �ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܛـ ݂ܒ. ـܬ ܡ ـܘܗ .ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥ ݂ ܶ ܳ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ : ـܘܬܗ ܽ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܫـ ݁ـܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ ̈ܡܐܢܶــܐ ܰ ܰ ܘܠ ܰ ܠܡـ ݁ ܡܫ ܳ� ܽܚــܘ ܰܣ ܳܩــܐ ܶܡܢܶــܗ .ܘ� �ܒ ܽܫـ ݂ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ. ܰ ܳ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܡܢـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܰ ܡܗ ܳ �ܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ ܰ ܣܬܝܪ ܰ �ܟـܐ݁ :ܕ ܳܩـܐܶܡ ݂ ܳ ܩܕ ܶܡ ̇ ܝـܗ. ܘܩܪ ݂ܬ ܐ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܘ ݂ ܰܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶܗ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ݁ :ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܕܥ ݁ܕܡܢܐ ̱ܗܝ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ :ܘܥܠ ܡܢܐ. ܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܩܕܡ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰܘܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ܰܗ ݂ ܰܬܢ ܳ ܬܐܳ ݂ : �ܘ ݂ܬ ܽܡ ݁ �ܟܐ. ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܠܫܘܩܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܡܕܝܢ̱ ܘܫܒ ܳܢܐ ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ ܣܦܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܰ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܓ ݂ ܰܕܫ ܶܠܗܽ : ܰ ܘܚܘܝܶܗ ܽܡ ݁ ܐܡـܪ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢ ܘܚ ݁ ܳ ݂ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܓ ܳܙ ܐ ܥܰܠ ܝܺ ܽܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶܐ ݂ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ. ܠܡ ݂ܬ ܰܩܠ: ܠܡ ܳܥܠܘ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܺ ݁ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܣܬܝـܪ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܦ ݂ ܺ ܩܕ ̇ ܝـܗ ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܐ ݂ܕܣܝܡ ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒܝܪܬܐ ܝ ̱ܗܒܗ ܠـܗ :ܕܢܚـܘܐ � ܶ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ܽܥܘܠ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ �ܟܐ ݂ܘܬ ݂ܒܥ ܶܐ ܶܡܢܶܗ݂ :ܘܬ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܫ ݂ܦ ܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ.
Esther Ch.
The couriers left hurriedly, as the king commanded. The command was given in the palace in Shushan, 1 the king and Haman sat at table 2 together to drink — and the city of Shushan was troubled.
1 2
‘Shushan’: lit. ‘Shushan the capital’. ‘sat at table’: lit. ‘reclined at a banquet’.
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝܗ
ܰ ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘ� ܳܗ ܶܛܐ ܢ ݂ ܰܦܩ ̱ܘ ܰ ܡܣܪܗ ݂ ܺܒܝܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ :ܘ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ـܕ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ـܘܫܢ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܡـܢ ܶܐ ݁ �ܟـܐ ܳ ܝܪܬܐܰ . ܬܐ ܽܫ ܰ ـܘܫܢ ܡܕܝܢ̱ـ ܒ ܚـܕ ܐ :ܘ ݂ ܣܬ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܘ ܠܡܫـܬܐ ܐ ݂ܟ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ܫܬܓ ܰܫ ݂ܬ݀. ܐ ݂
Esther Ch.
Haman said to King Ahasuerus: There is a people dispersed, spread throughout the provinces of King Ahasuerus; their customs 1 differ 2 from all other people’s and they do not obey the king’s law. It is not fitting for the king to allow them to remain. 3 If it please the king, let it be written that they should be destroyed; 4 and I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who do the deed, to deposit in the king’s treasury. The king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews.
The king said: Your silver is given to you and the people. Do to him everything you wish.
The king’s scribe was called that day, in the first month, on the thirteenth of the month. Everything which Haman had ordered was written, for the commander(s) of the king’s armies, for the lords in every province, 5 and for the noblemen 6 — (for each) province in its own script, (for each) people in its own language. 7 It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus, sealed with the king’s signet ring. Letters were sent by courier 8 to all the king’s provinces (instructing them) to devastate, to kill, to destroy all the Jews, young and old, 9 children and women, on the one day, the thirteenth of the month of Adar, their goods (to be taken) as plunder — on the one day, in the month of Adar, on the thirteenth — (so) it was written. A copy of the decree was given to every province; 10 it commanded all the peoples to be prepared for that day.
‘customs’ or ‘laws’. ‘differ’: lit. ‘are separate from’. 3 ‘allow them to remain’: lit. ‘leave them’. 4 ‘be destroyed’: lit. ‘perish’. 5 ‘every province’: lit. ‘in all province and province’. See too Esther 3:14. 6 ‘noblemen of the people’. 7 ‘in its own script … in its own language’: lit. ‘like its writing … like its tongue’. 8 ‘by courier’: lit. ‘by the hand of couriers’. 9 ‘young and old’: lit. ‘from young men to old men’. 10 ‘province’: lit. ‘province and province’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܝܓ
ܝܕ
ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܺ ܶ ـܬ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ ܡ ݂ ܰܒـ ݁ ܰܕܪ ܰܘܡ ݂ ܰܒـ ܰܙܩ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ �ܗܝــܢ ܐ ܰܡــܪ ܳܗ ܳܡــܢ ܠܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫܝـ ـܪܫ :ܐܝـ ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܪܫܳ .ܢ ܽܡ ̈ܘ ܰܣ ܽ ܝܫܝܢ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܥܰܡܳ .ܘܢ ܽܡ ܳ ܝܗܘܢ ݁ܦ ܺܪ ܺ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܘܣـܐ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܰ �ܟܐ � ܥ ݂ܒ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ .ܘܠܡ ݁ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ �ܟܐ � ܘ� ݂ܕܢ ݁ ܫܒܘܩ ܐܢܘܢ. ܣܪ ܐ ܰܐ ݂ ܺ ܠܦ ̈ܝܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ܟـ ܶ� ܐ ܕ ݂ ܶܟ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ :ܢܶ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܬܘ ݂ܒ ݁ܕ ܺܢܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܕܘܢ .ܘܥ ܶ ܳ ܶܐܢ ܥܰܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܣܦـܐ ݂ ܠܓ ܳܙ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶܐ ݂ܬ ܽܩܘܠ ܥܰܠ ܺܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ܰ ܠܡ ܳܥܠܽܘ ݂ܰ �ܟܐ. ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܝـܕܗ .ܘܝܰـ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ ܩܬܐ ܶܡܢ ܺܐ ݂ ܶ �ܗ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܰܗ ܰܡـ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ ܫܩܠ ܡ�ܟܐ �ܙ ݂ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݁ ܠܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܳܒܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ�ܶܐ. �ܟܐܶ ݁ :ܟ ݁ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܣܦ ݂ܟ ܝܺ ܺܗܝ ݂ܒ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ :ܘܥܰ ܳܡـܐܶ : ܶܘ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܰ ܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ـܕܡ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ. ܰ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܺ ܩܪܝ ܶܣ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܘܡـܐ ܰܗܘ݁ .ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܪܚـܐ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳܝـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܶܒـܗ ܰ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܠܡـ ܰ� ܳܘ ݂ܬܐ ܪܚܐ :ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ �ܪܒ ܚ�� ݂ܕܡ�ܟـܐ :ܘ ܒܝ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ ܽ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ܗܰ :ܘ�ܥܰܡܐܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܡܕܝܢܐ ܘ ݂ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܟܠ ݂ ܡܕܝܢܐ :ܘ�ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܝ ܶܥ ̱ܡܡܐ݂ : ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܟ ݂ ܶ ݁ ܶܰ ܶ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܩܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢܶܗ݁ .ܒ ܶܫܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ �ܟܐ. ܚܬܡ ܒ�ܙ ݂ ܝܪܫ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܠܡܚـ ܰ �ܟـܐܶ : ـܬ݁ ܰܕ � ̱ܝ ܶܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ـܕ ܰ� ܳܗ ܶܛــܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ـܪ ݂ܒ ܘܐܫـ �ܗܝــܢ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢـ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܽ ̈ ܽ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܘܠܡܩܛܠ ܘܠܡܘܒ ݂ܕܘ ܠ ݂ܟ�ܗܘܢ ܝܗܘ݂ܕ�ܐ ܡܢ ܥ�ܝܡܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠܣ ݂ܒـܐ: ܳ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ̈ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܘܛ�ܝܐ ܘܢܫܐ ݂ܒܚ ݂ܕ ܝܘܡ ܒ ݂ܬܠ ݂ܬܥܣـ� ܐ ݂ܒܝ ܪܚـܐ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܟ ܰܣ ̈ܝـ ܽܗܘܢ ܠ ݂ ܶܒـ ݂ܙܬܐ. ݁ ܰ ܽ ݁ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܝܪܚ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳܠ ݂ܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ. ܒܚ ݂ܕ ܝܘܡ :ܒ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܡܕ ܳܝܢـܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܺ ܬ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܐ ݂ܬܝـ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݂ ܺ �ـܗܘܢ ݂ܘܦܪܫ ݂ܓܢܗ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ܰ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ݁ .ܕܢܶ ܽ ܶ �ܝ ܳ ܘܡܐ ܳܗܢܐܳ. ̈ ܗܘܘܢ ܡܛܝ ݂ܒܐ ܰ
Esther Ch.
Chapter
After these matters, King Ahasuerus honored Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and set his seat above all the noblemen who were with him. 1
All the king’s servants in the palace gate bowed and made obeisance to Haman, for so the king had commanded concerning him — but Mordecai did not bow and make obeisance. The king’s servants in the palace gate said to Mordecai: Why do you not comply with 2 the king’s commandment? So when they spoke every day, and he did not obey them; they told Haman, to know whether Mordecai’s words would stand, 3 for he had told them that he was a Jew. Haman saw that Mordecai did not bow and make obeisance to him; Haman was filled with anger against Mordecai.
But the deed would be incomplete, 4 if he should lay hands on Mordecai only, for they had implicated 5 Mordecai’s people: Haman sought to destroy all the Jews throughout Ahasuerus’ kingdom — Mordecai’s people. In the first month, which is Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast lots; the lots (were cast) in Haman’s presence from day to day, from month to month: 6 (the lot fell on) the twelfth month, which is Adar.
‘who were with him’ or ‘of his people’. ‘not comply with’: lit. ‘transgress’. 3 ‘would stand’: lit. were firm’. 4 ‘incomplete’: lit. ‘imperfect’. 5 ‘implicated’: it. ‘made known to him’. 6 ‘presence, day by day and month by month’: lit. from day to day and from month to month’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܓ.
ܰ ܳ ܰ ܬܪ ̈ܶܡ ܶ� ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܰܐ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܘܪ ݂ܒ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝـܪܫ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ �ܗ ܳܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒـܪ ܰܗ ܰܡـ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܐ ݂ܳܓ ܳ ݂ܓ ܳܝـܐ: ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ܶ ̈ ܽ ܽ ܘܪܣܝܗ �ܥܠ ܶܡܢ ݁ܟ ܽ ܰܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ݁ܟ ܶ �ܗܘܢ ܪܘܪ ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܶܡܗ. �ܟܐ ݂ ܳܒ ݁ ܺ �ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܬ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܣܓ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ ܳ ܪܟܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ �ܗ ܳܡـܢ. ݂ ܽ ܰ ܘܗܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܽ . ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ ܘܡ ݁ ܘܣ ݂ܶܓ ݂ܕ. ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ܕ ܥܠ ̱ ܰ ܰ ܳܘ ܺ ܬ ܳ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܽ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܳ : ܠܡ ݁ ܠܡ ܳܢܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒܪ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܥܰـܠ �ܟܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܐ ܺ ܡܪܝــܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܽܝــܘܡܳ :ܘ� ܳܫ ܰܡـܥ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ �ـ ܽ ـܗܘܢܰ :ܚ ܺܘܝــܘ ܳ �ܗ ܳܡــܢ ܶ ܽ ݁ܕܢܶ ݁ܕ ܽܥܘܢ ܶܐܢ ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳ�ܢ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܶ :ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܰ�ܐ ̱ܗܘ. ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒـ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܚܙ ܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܡـܬܐ ܘܣ ݂ܶܓـ ݂ܕ ܶܠـܗܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܡܠـܝ ܗܡـܢ ܚ ݂ ܥܰܠ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܽ �ܚ ݂ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܺܨ ܳܝܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܥ ݂ ܺܒ ݁ܝܕ ݁ ܳܬܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܢ ܶ ܘܫܛ ܺܐ ݂ ܶ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ ܝܕܗ ܥܰܠ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܗܝܶ .ܡܛـܠ ـܘܕ ̱ ܘܒ ݂ܕ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܳܗ ܳܡܢ ݁ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܶ ݁ܕ ܰܚ ܽ ܘܗܝ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ �ܗܘܢ ܝܺ ܽ ̱ܗ ̈ܘ݂ ܳܕ�ܶـܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ ـܗ ܘܝ ̱ ܶ ܐܚܫ ܶ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܝܪܫ :ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܺ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܪܫܰ :ܐ ܺ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܪܡܝ ݂ ܶܦـ ̈ܨ ܐ. ܒܝܪܚܐ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܐ ݂ܕܗܘ ܢܝܣܢ :ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܬ ܺ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܩܕܡ ܳܗ ܳܡـܢܶ :ܡـܢ ܽܝـܘܡ ܽ �ܝـܘܡ :ܘܡـܢ ܺ�ـܪܚ ܠܝـܪܚ݁ :ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܰܘܗ ܰ ̈ܘܝ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܨܶ ܐ ݂ ܳ ܪܚـܐ ܳ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܶܪ ܰ ܥܣܪ ݁ܕ ܽܗܘ ܐ݂ ܳܕܪ.
Esther Ch.
This matter was revealed to Mordecai; he revealed it to Queen Esther, and Esther told 1 the king, mentioning Mordecai by name.
The matter was investigated and found (to be true). The two of them were crucified on crosses, and this affair was written in the Book of Chronicles. 2
1 2
‘told … told’: lit. ‘was revealed … revealed’. ‘Chronicles’: lit. ‘the reigns of the days of the kings’.
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܟܒ ܟܓ
ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܬܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܠـܬܐ ܠܡـܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ .ܘ ݂ܓ�ـܗ � ܣܬܝـܪ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬܓ�ܝ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ݁ܺ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܣܬܝܪ ܰ �ܟܐ݁ :ܒ ܶܫܡ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܐ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܐܫܬ ݂ܟ ܰܚ ݂ ݀ ܠܬܐ :ܘ ܬܶ .ܘ ݁ܐܙܕ ܶܩ ݂ܦ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰܠ ܺܙܩ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܦܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܟـ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܘ ݂ܐܬܥܩܒ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ̈ܶ ܫܪܒܐ ܗܢܐ ݂ܒܣ ݂ܦܪ ܡ�ܟܘ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܝܘܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ.
Esther Ch.
When the time came for Esther, daughter of Abihail uncle of Mordecai who had taken her (as) his daughter, to enter the presence of the king, she asked for nothing other than that which Hegai, the eunuch in charge of the women, had instructed. Esther was approved by 1 all who saw her.
So Esther entered the presence of King Ahasuerus, in the king’s house, in the tenth month (that is Later Conun) in the fourth year of his reign. The king preferred Esther to any of the women, he favored her above any of the virgins. 2 The royal crown was placed 3 on her head and she became queen, instead of Vashti.
The king gave a great banquet for his noblemen, and he gave a banquet for Esther; he declared a holiday 4 in the provinces, and gave gifts worthy of 5 the hand of a king. When the virgins were assembled for the second time, Mordecai was sitting in the palace gate. 6
Esther had not told her family (name) or (the name of) her people, as Mordecai had instructed 7 her: Esther obeyed Mordecai’s order, for she trusted him. 8 At that time, 9 Mordecai was sitting in the palace gate. Bagthan and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs in charge of the gate were angry and sought to lay hands on 10 King Ahasuerus.
‘was approved by’: lit. ‘received favor in the eyes of’. See too Esther 2:17. ‘preferred Esther to any of the women, he favored her above any of the virgins’: lit. ‘delighted in (or ‘desired’) Esther better than all the women, she received favor from him more than all the virgins’. See also the second note on Esther 2:9. 3 ‘… was placed’: lit. ‘She received’. 4 ‘declared a holiday’: lit. ‘made rest’. 5 ‘worthy of’: lit. ‘as’. 6 ‘palace gate’: lit. ‘king’s gate’. Soo too passim. 7 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘commanded’. So passim. 8 ‘for she trusted’: lit. ‘as she was in faithfulness with him’. 9 ‘At that time’: lit. ‘In those days’. 10 ‘lay hands on’: lit. ‘stretch out hands to’. See too Esther 3:6, 6:2, 9:2. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝܗ
ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܝܚ ܝܛ ܟ ܟܐ
ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ݁ :ܕ ܰܢ ݁ ܳ ܐܣܬܝܪ ݁ ܰܒ ̱ܪ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܶ ܝܚܠ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܶܕܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܣܒ ̇ܗ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬܐ: ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܡܛܐ ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܬ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܐ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ �ܟܐ ܳ� ݂ܒ ܳܥ ݂ ݀ ܠܡܥܰܠ ݂ ܳ ܝܡܢܐ ܳܢܛـܪ ܐܡܪ ܳܗ ݂ܺܓܝ ܡܗ ܶ ܳ ܶ ̈ܶ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܺ ܣܬܝܪ ܳܫܩ� ܶܚ ݂ ܳ ܣܕ ܐ݁ .ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܰܚ ܳܙ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ. ܢܫܐ .ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܚܫ ܶ ܪܚܐ ݂ܕܥ ܶ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ �ܟܐ݁ :ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܣܬܝܪ ݂ ܳ ܘܥܠ ݂ܬ ܐ ܣܪ ܐ݁ :ܕ ܽܗܘ ܝܪ ܶܫ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݂ ܳܟ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ̱ܚܪܝ݁ :ܒܫܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ݁ܪܒܥ ܠܡ ݁ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ. ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܣܬܝـܪ ܳܛـ ݂ܒ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ �ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫـܐܶ . ـܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ ܘܪܚܡܗ ܡ�ܟܐ � ܣـܕ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܺ ̈ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݀ �ܟـ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܪ ܳ ݂ܳ ـܬ ݁ܬ ݂ܳܓـܐ ݂ܕܡ ݁ ܝܫ ̇ ـܗ: ܘܗܝ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܽܟ�ܗܝـܢ ݁ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂ ـܬܐ .ܘܩ ݁ܒܠ ݂ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰܘܐܡ� ݂ܟ ݂ܬ ܚܠ ݂ܦ ܘܫܬܝ. ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܽ �ܟܐ ܰܡ ݁ �ܗܘܢ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ ܣܬܝܪ. ܘܗܝ .ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܡܫܬ�ܐ � ܘ�ܒ ܰܢ ̱ܺ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ .ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܰܡܘ ̈ܗ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ܬܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟܐ. ܘܢܝܚܐ ܠ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܺ̈ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܬ ܳ ܪܥـܐ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܡ ݂ܬܟܢܫـܢ ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂ ـܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ�ܬܝـܢ ܙ ݂ܒ�ܝـܢ :ܡـܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܝ ݂ ـܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܽ ݁ .ܦـ ݁ ܳ ـܗܰ :ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܳ ܩـܕ ̇ܗ ܽܡ ݁ ܬ ̇ܗ ܘܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ ܘ� ܡܚܘ�ܐ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܫܪܒـ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ݁ ܳ ݂ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܕܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܐܣܬܝܪ ܥ ݂ܒܕ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ :ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܕܗܘ ݂ܬ ܒܗܝܡܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ܥܡܗ. ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܰ ܬ ܳ ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐܰ :ܘ ݂ܶ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܽܡ ݁ ܪܓـܙ �ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܓـ ݂ܬܢ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܝܳ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܒ ܘ ݂ܒ�ܘܡ ݂ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܺ ݁ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܰ ܘܗܝ ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܢܛ�ܝ ܬܪܥـܐ .ܘ ݂ܒܥـܘ ܠܡܘܫܛـܘ ܐܝ ݂ܕ�ـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬܪܫ݁ :ܬܪ ܰܝܢ ܡܗܝܡܢ ̱ ܚܫ ܶ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ܰ �ܟܐ ܐ ܺ ܝܪܫ.
Esther Ch.
VI
The maiden seemed beautiful to him, 1 and he favored her. 2 He hastened to give her her adornments, her allowance of food, and seven righteous maidens from the king’s household. She and her maidens were kept well away from the women. Esther did not declare her name or her family, for Mordecai had told 3 her that she should not. 4 Every day, Mordecai walked past the women’s court, to see how Esther was, 5 what was happening 6 to her.
When the time came for one of the maidens to enter the presence of King Ahasuerus, when she had completed the twelve days 7 prescribed for the preparation of women, 8 for thus were the days of their adornment completed — six days of (anointing with) ointment of myrrh, and six days of incense, and of women’s adornment, Thus the maiden enters the king’s presence; everything that she wants is given to her to take 9 with her, from the women’s house into the king’s house.
She goes in in the evening, and in the morning returns to the women’s house, taken by Shangashgashir the king’s eunuch in charge of the concubines. She does not again enter the presence of the king unless he desires her and calls (for) her by her name.
‘seemed beautiful to him’: lit. ‘was fair in his eyes’. ‘he favored her’: lit. ‘she received favor before him’. 3 ‘told’: lit. ‘commanded’. 4 ‘she should not’: lit. ‘she should not declare’. 5 ‘see how Esther was’: lit. ‘to know the matter of Esther’. 6 ‘happening’: lit. ‘being done’. 7 ‘she had completed the twelve days’: lit. ‘when the twelve days were completed for her’. 8 ‘prescribed for the preparation of women’: lit. ‘according to the custom of women’. 9 ‘take’: lit. ‘enter’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܨܚ ܘ ܝܒ
ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ـܘܗܝ .ܘ ܰܣـ ܶ ܘܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝܶ . ܣـܕ ܐ ݂ ܳ ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ ܪܗ ݂ܒ ܥܰـܠ ܰܘܫ ݂ܦܪ ݂ܬ ܥܠ ݂ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܝܡܬܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܳ̈� ܰܢ ̱ ܳ ܳ ݁ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ ܡ�ܘ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܶ ܝܬ ̇ܗ ܘܥܰܠ ܳ ܠܡ ݁ܬܠ � ̇ ـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܝ ̈ܩـܢ ـܗ :ܘܠܫ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܳܡ ݂ ܬܨܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ܝܬ ܡ ݁ ـܬ ̇ܗ ܛـ ݂ܒ �ܟܐ .ܘ ݂ܦܪܫ � ̇ܗ ܘܠܥ�ܝܡ ݂ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܠܡܬܠ � ̇ܗ ܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶ ܡܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ. ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ـܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗܶ :ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ݁ ܘ� ܚܘܝ ݂ܬ ܐ ܩـܕ ̇ܗ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ܕ� ܣܬܝܪ ܫܡـܗ ܘܫܪܒـ ݂ ݂ܬ ܰܚ ܶܘܝܢ. ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܶ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝ ܰ ܡܗ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳ ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ܽܡ ݁ ܐܣܬܝـܪ: ܩܕܡ ݁ ܳܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ :ܠܡܕܥ ܫܪܒܐ ݂ܕ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ݂ܬ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ـܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ـܬܐܶ : ܳ ܠܡܥܰــܠ ܩـ ݂ ܳ ܘܡــܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܶܛــܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢــܐ ݂ ܰܕܚـ ݂ ܳ �ܟـܐ ـܕ ܐ ܶܡــܢ ܥ�ܝܡـ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܬܐ ܰܐܝـ ݂ܟ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ ܰܐ ܺ ܘܣـܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫـܐܶ :ܡܛـܠ ܝܪܫ :ܡܐ ݂ܕܫܠܡ ̱ܘ ܰ�ܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܘܡ ݂ ݁ܳ ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܳ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ܳܫ ܺ �ܡܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ܬ ݁ ܺ ܫـܬܐ ܝܬ ܶܗܝܢ .ܫܬܐ ܝـܘܡܝܢ ܕܡܫܚـܐ ݂ܕܡـܘܪ ܐ :ܘ ܨܒ ݂ ܰ ̈ ܺ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܶ ܝܬܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫܐ. ܝܘܡܝܢ ܕ ݂ܒܣܡܐ .ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܨܒ ݂ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܰܳ ܳܳ ܰ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬ ܶ ܝܡܬܐ ݂ ܳ ܝـܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ ـܗ: �ܟܐ .ܘ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܡـܕܡ ܕܐܡـܪ ܐ ܡ ݂ ܘܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܥܐ� ܥܠ ݂ ܰ ܳ ̇ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܝܬ ܡ�ܟܐ. ܠܡܥܰܠ ܥܡܗ :ܡܢ ܒ ݂ ܝܬ ܢܫܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠ ݂ܒ ݂ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܡܗ ܳ ܫܓ ܺܫܝـܪ ܰ ܝܬ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܥܰܠ ܝܰ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ܢܓ ݁ ܒܪ ܝܡܢـܐ ܡܫܐ ܳܥܐ�ܰ :ܘ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܳܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܳܟܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ݁ ܩܕܡ ܡ�ܟܐ .ܐ� ܐܢ ܨ ݂ܒܐ ܒ ̇ܗ ܡ�ܟܐ: ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܢܛܪ ܕ�ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܬܐ݂ .ܘܬܘ ݂ܒ � ܥܐ� ݂ ܰܘ ܳ ܩܪ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܫܡ ̇ܗ.
Esther Ch.
Chapter
After these things, 1 when the anger of King Ahasuerus was appeased, 2 he remembered Queen Vashti, everything that she had done, and everything that he had decreed concerning her. The king’s young men and servants said to him: Let them seek beautiful maidens for the king.
Let the king command, throughout the provinces: they should assemble all the maidens, the virgins who are fair to behold. (They should assemble) in the women’s house, with Hegai the eunuch who is in charge of the women; he will give (them) their cosmetics. 3
The maiden who seemed fair to the king would be queen in Vashti’s place. This suggestion 4 pleased the king, and he did so. There was a man, a Jew, in Shushan the capital. His name was Mordecai, son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin.
He had been exiled 5 from Jerusalem with the exiles who had been exiled with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had exiled.
He had raised Hadessah, 6 that is Esther, his uncle’s daughter, for she had neither father nor mother. The maiden was beautiful to behold, her face was fair. When her father and her mother died, Mordecai took her as (his) daughter.
When the king’s word, his edict, was heard, when the many virgins were assembled in Shushan the capital, with Hegai the eunuch, Esther too was led to the king’s household, 7 to the person in charge 8 of the women. ‘things’: lit. ‘words’. So passim. ‘was appeased’: lit. ‘was at rest’. 3 ‘cosmetics’ or ‘adornments/ointment/toilet necessities’. 4 ‘suggestion’: same Syriac word as that for ‘word’ in Esther 1:17. 5 ‘been exiled’: lit. ‘gone into exile’. 6 ‘Hadassah’: Syriac ‘Heds’. 7 ‘household’ or ‘house’. So passim. 8 ‘person in charge’: lit. ‘keeper’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܒ. ܳ ܰ ̈ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ݁ ܺ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܶ ܝـܪܫ :ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟـ ܳܪ ̇ܗ ܡـܬܗ ܕܡ�ܟـܐ ܐܚܫ ـܬ ܚ ݂ ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܡ� ܗܠܝܢ :ܟـ ݂ܕ ܐܬܬ�ܝܚ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܶ ـܕܡ ݁ܕܥ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ܰ :ܘܠ ݂ܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ܬܐܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܦ ܰܣـܩ ܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ �ܘ ݂ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܝܗ. ܶ ܰ �ܟ ـܐ ܰܘ ܰ ̈ ܠܡ ݁ ܳ ــܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ــܘܗܝ :ܢܶ ݂ܒ ܽܥــܘܢ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ �ܟــܐ ܡܫܡ ܳܫ ܰܢ ̱ ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܠــܗ ܥ� ̈ܝ ܰܡ ̱ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܶܚܙ ܶ ܘܗܝܢ. ܥ�ܝܡ ݂ ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܺ̈ܳ ܳ ــܘܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܢܫــܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ �ܟــܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܬܐܰ .ܘܢ ݂ ܰܟ ܽ ــܬܐ �ܗܝــܢ ݂ �ܗܝــܢ ܥ�ܝܡ ݂ ܡܕ�ܢــ ݂ ܘܢܶ ݂ܦ ܽܩ ݂ ܽ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܒ ܶܚܙ ܶ ܝܬ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐܳ : ܝܡܢܐ ܳܢܛܪ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐ. �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ݂ܺܓܝ ܡܗ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܘܠ ݂ ܘܗܝܢ :ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܺ ݁ ܝܬܗܝܢ. ܘܢܬܠ ܬܨܒ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ܝܡܬܐ ݂ܕܬܶ ݁ ܰ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܫܦܪ ݂ ܳ ܠـܬܐ �ܟܐ݁ :ܬܡܠ ݂ܟ ܚܠـ ݂ܦ ܘ ܫـܬܝ .ܘܫ ݂ܦـܪ ݂ܬ ܡ ݂ ܰܘܥܠ ݂ ݂ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐܰ .ܘܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ. ܺ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ܳ ܺ ܝܪܬܐܰ :ܘ ܶ ܫܡܗ ܽܡ ݁ ܘܪܕ ݂ ܰܟܝܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܰ�ܐܝـܪܰ ݁ :ܒـܪ ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܫܘܫܢ ܒ ܘܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܝܺ ܽܗܘ݂ ܳܕ ܳ�ܐ ܐ ݂ ݂ܰ ܳ ܰܫܡܥܺܝܰ ݁ :ܒܪ ܺܩܝܫܶ :ܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒܛܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ܳܢܝ ܶܡܝܢ. ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܬ ܥܰܡ ܽܝܘ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܝܐܰ :ܡ ݁ ܳ �ܝ ݂ ݀ ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܰܓ ܰ �ܟܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ: ܕ ݂ܓܠܝ ܡܢ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ :ܥܡ ݁ܓܠ ݂ ݁ܕ ܰܓܠܺܝ ܳܢ ݂ ܽܒܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܨܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܝܠ. ݂ ܶ ܳܰ ܽ ݁ܺ ܗܘܐ ܰ ܣܬܝܪ ݁ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܳܕ ݂ ܶܕܗܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܠ ݁ ܰܘ ܳ ܡܪ ݁ ܶܒܐ ܰܠ ݂ ܶ ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܒܐ ܗܕܣ ݁ܕ ܺܗܝ ܐ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܝܡܬܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗܺ ܰ : ܘܐܡܐ .ܘܥܠ ܝـܬ ̱ܘ ܘܫ ݁ܦܝܪ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܽܩـܘ ݂ܒ ̱ܠ ܳ� ̇ܗ .ܘ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܺܡ ݂ ̱ ܶ ܳ ݂ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̇ ܘܗ ܘܐܡ ̇ܗ :ܢܣܒ ̇ܗ ܡܘܪܕ ݂ܟܝ ܒ ݂ܪܬܐ. ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ݁ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܫܬ ܰܡܥ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݁ �ܟܐ ܘ ݂ ܽܦـ ݁ ܳ ـܬܐ ܬܘܠ ݂ ܘܩܕ ܢܶܗ :ܘ ݂ܟـ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܬܟܢܫـܢ ܳ ܒ ݂ܶ ݂ ܰ ݁ ܺ̈ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ ݁ܺ ܝـܪܬܐܳ : ܡܗ ܳ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܳܗ ܺܓـܝ ܰ ܣܬܝـܪ ܝܡܢـܐ :ܐ ݁ܬ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐ ܣܓܝܐ ݂ܬܐ ܠܫـܘܫܢ ܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܶܶ ܝܬ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ� :ܘ ݂ܬ ܢܛܪ ܢܫܐ. ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂
Esther Ch.
If it seems good to the king, a royal edict 1 should go forth from his presence: let it be written in the law of Media and Persia, never to be forgotten, 2 that not again shall Queen Vashti enter the presence of King Ahasuerus, and that the king shall give her royal estate to her companion, who is better than she.
The word of the king shall be heard! It shall pass throughout the kingdom, for it is of great importance, and all women will do honor to their men, high and low alike. 3 The word seemed good to the king and to his noblemen; the king did as Meaochen had suggested.
He sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to (each) province in its (own) script, 4 to (each) nation in its (own) tongue: 5 every man should bear rule in his house, and this should be spoken in the language of his people.
‘royal edict’: lit. ‘word of the kingdom’ (same Syriac word for ‘word’ as in Esther 1:18). 2 ‘to be forgotten’: lit. ‘to pass away’. 3 ‘high and low alike’: lit. ‘from the great and to the little’. 4 ‘script’: lit. ‘writing’. 5 ‘nation … tongue’ or ‘people … language’. 1
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝܛ
ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ
ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܶܐܢ ܥܰــܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܬܐܶ .ܡــܢ ݂ ܳ ـܘܗܝ �ܟ ـܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝــܪ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦ ـܘܩ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡــܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ـ ݂ ܩܕ ܰܡـ ̱ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܬ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡـܘܣ ܳܡ ݂ ܰ ܫـܬܝ ـܕܝ ܘ ݂ ܳܦـ ܶܪܣ ݁ܕ� ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒـܪ݂ .ܘܬܘ ݂ܒ � ݂ܬ ܽܥـܘܠ ܘ ܘܢ ݂ܬܟ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ �ܟܐ ܐ ܺ �ܟ ݂ܬܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܡ ݁ ܰܡ ݁ ܚܫܝܪܫ .ܘܡ�ܟ ݂ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܢـܬܠ ܡ�ܟـܐ ܠܚ ݂ܒـ ݂ܪܬ ̇ܗ ܳ ݁ܕܛ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܶܡ ܳܢ ̇ܗ. ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܽ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܺ ̱ܗܝ. ܘܢܫܬܡܥ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ .ܘܢܥܒܪ ܒ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ܡ ܙܥܘܪ ܐܳ. ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܠ ܽ ܽ ܶ ܶ ̈ܶ ܶ ̈ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܶ ܝܗܝܢܶ :ܡܢ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܘ ݂ܟ�ܗܝܢ ܢܫܐ ܢ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܐܝܩܪ ܐ ܰ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ ܝـܟ ܘܗܝ .ܘܥ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ܡ �ܟܐ ܐ ݂ ܘ�ܒ ܰܢ ̱ ܰܘܫ ݂ܦܪ ݁ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡܐ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱ ݁ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ܳܓ ܶܡܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ ܡܥܘ ݂ ܳܟܢ. ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ̈ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ـܕܪ ܐ ݁ܓـ ܳ� ݂ܬܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܰ ܘܫ ݁ ܰ ܡܕܝܢ̱ـ ݁ܬܐ ܐܝـ ݂ܟ ݁ܟ ݂ܬ ݂ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ: ـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ� ݁ ܳܟـܐ :ܠ ݂ �ܗܝــܢ ܡ ݂ܕ�ܢ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰܘ�ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢܶܗܶ : ܗܘܐ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܓ ݂ ܰܒـܪ ܰܫܠܺܝـܛ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒ ݁ ܠܡ ܳ ܡܡܠـܠ ܝـܬܗ :ܘ ܰ ܐܝ ݂ܟ ܶܠ ܳܫܢ ܥܰ ܶܡܗ.
Esther Ch.
The king spoke to the wise men, of the families who advised him on political problems 1 — for thus was his custom, to speak in the presence of all who knew the laws 2 and the judgments —
And to those close to him: Barnashai, Shethar, Armuth, Mos, Tarshish, Marsya, and Meaochan, the seven noblemen of Persia and Medea who had audience with 3 the king, with whom he discussed matters of state. 4 They said: What should be done 5 to her, to Queen Vashti, for she did not obey the word of King Ahasuerus which he sent to her by the hand of the eunuchs? Meaochen said, before the king, before the noblemen: It was not only the king whom Queen Vashti has scorned, but also all the noblemen, all the people in all the provinces 6 of King Ahasuerus.
When the news, the word of this, 7 gets out to all the women, they will despise and scorn their men; 8 they will say that King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to enter his presence — but she did not enter in.
Now 9 they will say, the noblemen of Persia and Medea, who heard the word 10 of the queen from all the king’s noblemen, and all the scorn and anger,
1 ‘of the families who advised him on political problems’: lit. ‘the sons of those who know the times’. 2 ‘custom … laws’: same Syriac word as ‘ordinance’ in Esther 1:8. 3 ‘had audience with’: lit. ‘sat before’. 4 ‘with whom he discussed matters of state’: lit. ‘appeared before him in the gate of the kingdom’. 5 ‘should be done’: lit. ‘is proper to do’. 6 ‘provinces’ or ‘cities/towns’. So too Esther 1:22. 7 ‘word of this’: lit. ‘this word’. 8 ‘they will despise and scorn their men’: lit. ‘their men will be despised and scorned in their eyes’. 9 ‘Now’: lit. ‘Today’. 10 ‘word’: different Syriac word from that for ‘word’ in Esther 1:17.
ܐܣܬܝܪ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܝܙ
ܝܚ
ܰ ݁ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܰ̈ ܳ ̈ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܘܣܗ ܐ ܰܡܪ �ܟܐ ܠܚܟܝܡܐ ݂ܒܢܝ ܝ ݂ܕܥܝ ܙ ݂ܒܢܐ :ܡܛܠ ܕܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ̱ܗܘ ܢܡ ܰ ܳܽ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܳ ܘܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܐ. ܩܕܡ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܐܪܡܘ ݂ܬܽ : ܫܬܪܰ :ܘ ܽ ܪܫܝـܫܰ : ܘܬ ܺ ܘܡܪܣ ܳܝـܐ: ܘܠ ݂ܕܩܪܝ ݂ܒܝܢ ܠܗ܆ ܒܪܢܫܝ :ܘ ܘܡܘܣ݂ : ܳ �ܟܐܶ : ܘܡ ݂ܬ ܶ ܰܘܡ ܽܥܘ ݂ ܳܟܢܰ :ܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܰܪܘ ܳ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܦ ܶܪܣ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܳܡ ݂ ܰܕܝ݁ .ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢ ݂ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܚܙܝـܢ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ݂ܳ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܘܗܝ :ܒ ݂ܬܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ـܬܝ :ܥܰــܠ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܐ ܰܡــܪ ̱ܘ :ܕܡܢــܐ ܘ� ܠܡܥܒـ ݂ܕ �ــܗ ܠܡ�ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܘܫـ ܶ ܶ ܚܫ ܶ ܠܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܐܝܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ �ܟܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܝܪܫܰ ݁ :ܕܫܠܰܚ ݁ ܺܒ ݂ ܳ ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶܐ. ܡ ݂ ܐܡܪ ܽ ܘ�ܒܢܶܐ̱ �ܳ :ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰـܠ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܡܥ ݂ ܳ ܩܕܡ ܰܪ ݂ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ �ܟܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܳ ܘܟܢ ݂ ܳ �ܟـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܽ ـܘܕ �ܚ ݂ ܶ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ �ـܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶـܐ :ܘܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܬܐ :ܐ� ܥܰـܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ـܗܘܢ ܒܣـܪ ݂ܬ ܘܫـܬܝ ܡ�ܟـ ݂ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ܥܰ ̱ܡ ̈ܶܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܺ ܡܕ�ܢ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܫ. �ܗܝܢ ݂ ܶ݁ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܠܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ �ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ :ܢܶ ̈ܗܘܝܳـܢ ܳܫ ̈ܝ�ـܢ ܘ ݂ ܳܒܣـ ܳ�ܢ ܘ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܢܶ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ܛܒܐ ܘܡ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܚܫ ܶ ܝܗܝܢ .ܘܢܶܗ ̈ܘܝܳـܢ ܳܐܡـ ܳ�ܢ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܝܗܝܢ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ܶ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܶ �ܟـܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܠܡ ܳܥܠـܘ ܝـܪܫ ݁ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܘܗܝܳ :ܘ� ܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܬܐ ݂ ܳ ܬ. �ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ �ܟـ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡـܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܪܣ ܘ݂ܕܡ ݂ܕܝ ܕܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܡܗ ܕܡ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܓ ܳܙ ܐ. ݂ �ܟܐ :ܘ ݂ܟ� ̇ܗ ݁ܒܣܝܪ ݂ܘܬܐ ܘܪ ݂
Esther Ch.
The curtains (were drawn with cords of) 1 purple cotton; 2 (they were) attached 3 with cords of fine white linen, of violet, on silver rings and on a column of acacia wood. (There were) couches of gold and of silver set out upon marble pavements, on carpets of fine white linen and of silk. Drink was served 4 in golden vessels of various designs; 5 the king’s wine flowed freely 6 as (befitted) the hand of a king. The great banquet 7 was according to an ordinance that (there should be) no compulsion, for so the king had commanded to all of standing 8 in his house: they should do as each wished. 9 Queen Vashti too made a banquet for all the women in the royal house of King Ahasuerus.
On the seventh day, when the king was merry 10 with wine, he told the eunuchs, Beztha, Rahbona, Begtha, Ebugta, Tarash, Zathar, and Carcash, the seven eunuchs who served in the presence of King Ahasuerus, To bring Queen Vashti in, before the king, wearing her royal crown, to show her beauty to the people and the noblemen: for she was fair to behold. 11
But Queen Vashti did not want to enter, according to the order which the king had sent to her by the hand of the eunuchs. The king was furious, his anger burned within him. 12
‘curtains (were drawn with) cords of’: lit. ‘curtains were drawn’. ‘fine … cotton’: lit. ‘cotton wool’. 3 ‘attached’: lit. ‘stretched out’. 4 ‘Drink was served’: lit. ‘They were given to drink’. 5 ‘of various designs’: lit. ‘vessels from vessels were different’. 6 ‘king’s wine flowed freely’: lit. ‘wine of the kingdom was abundant’. 7 ‘banquet’ or ‘drinking/consumption of alcohol’. 8 ‘of standing’: lit. ‘who were great’. 9 ‘as each man wished’: lit. ‘the wishes of each man’. 10 ‘the king was merry’: lit. ‘the king’s heart was pleasant’. 11 ‘fair to behold’: lit. ‘beautiful was her appearance’. So too passim. 12 ‘burned within him’: lit. ‘was inflamed’. 1 2
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ
ܝܐ ܝܒ
ܰ ܺ ̈ ܳ ܺ̈ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܘܨ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܡܬ ̈ܝ ܳܚـܢ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ݂ ̈ܒـ ܶ� ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒـ ܳ ܘܕܐ ݁ ܪܓ ܳܘ ܳܢـܐ ܢܓ� ݂ܕܢ ܘܐ� ܶ ݂ܕܥܡܪ ܟܘܒܐ :ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܟܠ ݂ܬܐ :ܘ ݂ ܘ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܐܫܟܪܥܐ .ܘܥܰ� ܳܣ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܺܣ ܳ ܣܦܐ :ܘܥܰܠ ܥܰ ܽܡ ݂ ܳ ܥܰܠ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܓ� ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݁ ܘܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܐܡـܐ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܳ ̈ܳ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܘܨ ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܺܫ ܳܐܪ�ܐܳ. ܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ �ܡܝܢ ܥܠ �ܨܝ ݂ܦ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܕܫܝܫܐ݂ :ܘܬܫܘܝ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܘܡ ܶ ܫܩܝܢ ݁ܒ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕܗ ݂ ܳܒـܐܳ . ܰ ܘܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ܶܡـܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܶـܐ ݂ܦ ܺܪ ܺ �ܟـܘ ݂ܬܐ ܝܫܝـܢ .ܘܚܡـܪ ܐ ݂ܕܡ ܺ ܰ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓܝ :ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܝܬ ݁ ܳܕ ܶ ܘܣܐܰ : ܐܠܨܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ݂ـܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܠ ݁ ܘܡ ݁ ܫܬ ܳ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ ܰ �ܟـܐ :ܠ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ݁ ܰ݁ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܝܬܗ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ. ܕܪܒ ܒ ݂ܒ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟ ܶ ܬܐ ܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܺܗܝ ܰܡ ݁ �ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܘܘܫܬܝ ܶ ܡ�ܟ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܐ ܺ ܚܫܝܪܫ. ܳ �ܟܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ܳ ܘܡܐ ܫ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܝ� ܳܝܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܫ ݂ ܰܦܪ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܳ ܡܪ ܐܶ :ܐ ܰܡܪ ܰܠ ܰ ܡܗܝ ̈ܡܢܶܐ ܠ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܙܬܐ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ �ܙ ݂ܬܪܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܰܟ ݁ ܰ �ܪ ݁ ܽ ܚܒ ܳ ܠܬ ܰܪܫܰ :ܘ ܰ ܪܟܫܰ .ܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ܘܢܐܰ :ܘܠ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܓ ݁ܬܐ :ܘ� ݂ܒܘ ݂ܓܬܐ :ܘ ݂ �ܟܐ ܰܐܚ ܺܫ ܶ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܡܫ ܺ ܡܫܝܢ ݂ ܳ ܡ ܰ ̈ܗܝܡܢܶܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܝܪܫ. ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܩܕܡ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܳ ܘܬ ̇ܗ ܰܠ ܰ ܡܚ ܳܘ ܽܝـܘ ܠܡ ܳܥܠܘ �ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ ݂ �ܟܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܓܐ ݂ܕܡ�ܟ ݂ ܽ �ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܰܘ� ܰܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ܽܫܘ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗܶ :ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗ. ܳ ܳ ݀ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܝـܗ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ܶ ܠܡܥܰܠ݁ :ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݂ܬ ݂ܳܓ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ـܕܪ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ �ܟـܐ ܘ� ܨܒܬ ܘܫܬܝ ܡ�ܟ ܺ ܳ ݂ ݂ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݂ܰ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܘܙ� ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀. ܡܬܗ ܡ ݂ܬܓ ݂ܒ ݂ ܪܓܙ ܡ�ܟܐ ܛ ݂ܒ .ܘܚ ݂ ܐܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕܡܗܝܡܢܐ .ܘ ݂
Esther
V
Chapter It happened, in the days of this Ahasuerus, the son of the Ahasuerus who ruled from Hodh as far as Cush, over one hundred and twenty provinces.
In those days, while king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in the palace in Shushan, 1 In the third year of his reign, he made a great banquet for all his noblemen and his servants. A host of Persians, Medes, and Parthians, and his own noblemen, 2 were present, 3 and the noblemen of the provinces, While he displayed 4 the wealth and the glory of his kingdom, the glory, the magnificence of his grandeur (for) many days, one hundred and eighty days.
When those days came to an end, 5 the king made a banquet for all the people present 6 in the palace in Shushan, from the most humble to the greatest. The banquet (lasted for) seven days, in the court of the garden of a royal pavilion. 7
‘palace in Shushan’ or ‘Shushan the palace’. ‘Shushan’ was once the capital of the province of Elam. See too Esther 2:5,8. 2 ‘his own noblemen’: lit. ‘the noblemen of the king’. 3 ‘present’: lit. ‘before him/in his presence’. So passim. 4 ‘displayed’: lit. ‘made known’. 5 ‘came to an end’: lit. ‘were completed’. 6 ‘present’: lit. ‘were found’. 7 ‘pavilion’: lit. ‘small house’. So passim. 1
ܐܣܬܝܪ
ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܪ ܰܶ ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܐ. ܨܚ ܗ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
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ܗ
ܐܚܫ ܶ ܐܚܫ ܶ ̈ ܰܘ ܳ ܝܪܫ ܰܗܘ ݁ܒ ܶܪܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܘܗܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܝܪܫܰ ݁ :ܕܐܡܠ ݂ܶܟ ܶܡܢ ܽܗ ݂ܘܕܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡـܐ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ�ܘ ܰܡ ̱ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܘܫ :ܥܰܠ ܳܡܐܐ ܘܥܶܣ ܺܪܝܢ ݂ ܺ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢܢ. ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܚܫ ܶ ــܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟــܐ ܰܐ ܺ ܝــܪܫ ܥܰــܠ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ ܘܪܣܝــܐ ܒ� ــܘ ܳܡ ݂ ܶܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ :ܟــ ݂ܕ ܝ ܳ ݂ ܽ ܘܫܢ ݁ ܺܒ ݁ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܝܪܬܐ. ܫܬ ܳ�ــܐ ܰܪ ݁ ܳܒـܐ ܠ ܽܟ�ـ ܽ ܰ ـܬ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ �ܟـ ݂ܘܬܶܗ :ܥ ݂ ܰܒـ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ ـܘܗܝ: ݂ ـܬ ݁ܬ ܳܠـ ݂ ܫܢـ ݂ ـܗܘܢ ܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒ ܰܢـ ̱ ܘܡ ܳ ̈ܕ�ܶܐ ܘ ܰܦ�ܬ ܳܘ�ܶܐܰ . ܳ ̈ ܘܪܘ� ݂ ܳܒܢܶܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟـܐ ݂ ܳ ـܘܗܝ: ܘܗܝܺ :ܚܝܠ ݁ܦ� ܳܣ ܶܝܐ ܳ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܘܥܰ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ܩܕ ܰܡ ̱ ܰ ܳܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܡܕ ̈� ܳܢ ݂ܬܐ. ܘܪܘ� ݂ܒܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܶ ݁ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘܝ ܽܥ ݂ܘܬ ܳܪ ܐ ܺܘ ܳ �ܟ ݂ܘܬܗܺ :ܘ ܳ ܐܝܩ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܫܒـ ܘܚܬܐ ݂ܕ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܒـ ݂ܘܬܗ ܰܝـ ̈ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ܶ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ̈ܝܐܐܳ :ܡܐܐ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܺܢܐܝܢ ܰܝ ̈ܘ ܺܡܝܢ. ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ̈ܳ ܳ ܬܐ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ :ܥ ݂ ܰܒ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ ܠ ݂ ܽܟܠ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ݁ ܐܫܬ ݂ ܰܟـܚ ݁ܒ ܽܫ ܰ ـܘܫܢ ܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܳ ܫܠܡ ̱ܘ ܝܘܡ ݂ ܙܥ ܳ ܰ ̈ ܝܪܬܐܶ :ܡܢ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܺܒ ݁ ܘܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ ܰ ـܬ ܥܕܡܐ �ܪ ݁ܒـܐ :ܡܫܬ ܳ�ـܐ ܰܫ ݂ܒܥـܐ ܰܝـܘܡܝܢ݁ :ܒـ ݂ ܳܕܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܓܢ ݂ ݁ܰ ݁ܽ ܝܬ ܳܘܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ �ܟܐ. ܒ
Susanna
So Daniel rose to high honor. He was approved by all Susanna’s family and by all the assembly 1 of Israel. He dealt justly and righteously 2 with his people always; his name was praised 3 among all the people, with secret things and hidden things which were made known to him.
‘by all the assembly’: lit. in the eyes of all the assembly’. ‘dealt justly and righteously’: lit. ‘did justice and righteousness’. 3 ‘his name was praised’: lit. ‘the name of his praises was spoken’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ ܣܕ
ܳܶ ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫ ܰ ܘܫܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢܝ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ ـܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ� ܶܪ ݂ܒ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ :ܘܛܐ ݂ܒ ܩ ݂ ̣ܕܡ ܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ ݂ ܰ݁ ܺ ܽ ܳ ݁ܳ ــܘܫܬܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪ ܶܐܝــܠܰ .ܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽܟ ݂ ܰ ݁ܟ ܽܢ ــܘܬܐ ݂ܒܥܰ ܶܡــܗ. ܠܙܒــܢ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒــ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ݂ ܺܕܝ ܳܢــܐ ܘܙ ܕܝܩ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܡܠܰــܠ ܳ ܫܡــܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ܣܬܝ ـ� ݂ܬܐ: ܫܒ ̈ܚ ـ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܒ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܥܰ ܳܡــܐ :ܥــܡ ܟܣܝ ـ ݂ܬܐ ܘ ݂ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݁ ܰܕ ̈ܩ ̱ܝ ܶܠܗ.
Susanna
Daniel said to him: Truly you have spoken wickedly before the Lord of this unlucky 1 woman; you wanted wickedly to shed innocent blood. For now your evil is upon your own head, as is written in the law of Moses. For see! An angel of God has been sent to oppose you, a sword seized in his hand, to behead you. He will destroy the two of you together. The whole crowd answered out loud, saying together: Praise be to God who has made known to all who have faith in his name. Daniel has confuted them: in iniquity they have dealt falsely 2 another. The whole crowd cried out aloud, in unison: Praise 3 God who reveals the hidden things, who gives to the innocent according to his innocence, who requites wickedness, who brings his wickedness to bear upon him. 4 The whole crowd rose up against them, and did to them according to the commandment of Moses. They killed them;
the Lord requited their evil as they deserved. 5 Innocent blood was saved that day.
But Halkana and his wife rejoiced in their daughter Susanna the wife of Joyakim, for no fault was found in her. All the people praised God, as did all Susanna’s family, for their name had been cleared. 6
‘unlucky’ or ‘frail’. ‘iniquity’ and ‘dealt falsely’: the same Syriac root. 3 ‘Praise’ or ‘They praised’. 4 ‘brings his wickedness to bear upon him’: lit. ‘gives his way on his head’. 5 ‘the Lord requited their evil as they deserved’: lit. ‘the Lord requited evil retribution as that which was equivalent’. 6 ‘their name had been cleared’: lit. ‘the evil name of fault was lifted from them’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ
ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܢܛ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝܠܰ ݁ .ܒ ܳ ܫܪ ܳܪ ܐ ܥܰ ܳܘ� ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁ ܠܬ ܩـ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܳܡ ܳ ܫـܬܐ. ܪ�ـܐ ܥܰـܠ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܚܠ ̣ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܝܫ ݂ܟ ܳܣ ܳ ܝܫܬ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܺܪ ܳ �ܩܐ. ܘܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ܠܡܐܫ ݂ܕ ܕܡܐ ܙ ܟܝܐ ݂ܒܥܘ� .ܗܫܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܒ ܰ ݁ܰ ܺ ܘܫܐܳ .ܗܐ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܘܣܐ ݂ܕ ܽ ܐܠ ܳܗܐ ܶܐ ݁ ܬܝ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܳܢ ܽܡ ܳ ܶ ܫܬ ܰܠܚ ܥܠܰܝـ ݁ܟ. ܡ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ ݂ ܐܝܕܗ݁ :ܕܢܶܨ ܶܪ ݂ܝܟ ܶܡܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܺ �ܪܝـܫܰ .ܘܢـܘ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ܰܠ ݂ܬ ܰ� ݁ ܽ ܰܘ ܺܐܚܝ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ݁ ܳ ܪܒܐ ݂ ܺܒ ݂ ܶ ܝܟـܘܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ܕ ܐܳ. ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ̱ܘ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐܽ .ܫ ݂ܘܒ ܳܚـܐ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ ܫܬܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡـܐܶ :ܘ ܰ ـܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܺܐܚـܝ ܘܥܢ ݂ܬ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢܘ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܰ ݂ܽ ܶ ܠܟܠ ݁ܕ ܰܗ ܶ ܝܡܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܒ ܶ ܫܡܗܰ .ܘ ݁ܐܟܣ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ ݁ ܰܒܛܠ ܳ ܘܡܝܐ ݂ ܰܕܛܠܡ ̱ܘ. ܶ ܰ ܳ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܒܚـ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳ ܘܫܬܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐܰ . ܣ ܘܩܥ ݂ܬ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ ـܗܐ ݂ܳܓـ� ݂ ܰܟܣ ̈ܝـ ݂ܬܐ: ܶ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܺ �ܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܝܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ܰܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܽܝ ݂ܘܬܗ݂ .ܘܦ ܰܪܥ ܰ ݁ܕܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܰ ܘܪܚܗ ݁ܒܪ ܶ �� ܳܘ� :ܘܝܳ ܶܗ ݂ܒ ܐ ܶ ܝܫܗ. ܽ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܘܫܬܐܰ :ܘ ݂ ܰ ܝـܟ ݁ ܽܦـܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܢܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ܶ ܘܫـܐ. ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܣܐ ܘܩܡ ݂ܬ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ �ـܗܘܢ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܘܩܛܠ ̱ܘ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ. ܽ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܳ ܣܒ ܰܘ ݁ ܶ ܝܫܬܐ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ ܳܫ ܶܘܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܰܘ ܳ ܚܝܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡܐ ܰܙ ݁ ܳܟ ܳܝـܐ ܐܗܦ ݂ܟ �ܗܘܢ ܡܪ�ܐ ݂ܦܘܪ�ܢ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܒ ܰܝ ܰ ܘܡܐ ̱ܗܘ. ܘܫܢ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ݁ :ܕ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁ ܣܓ ܶܚܠ ܰܩ ܳܝܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗܺ ݂ : ܚܕܝܘ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݂ܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܽܫ ܰ ܫܬ ݂ ܰܟܚ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܒܚـ ̱ܘ ܰ� ܳܠـ ܳ ـܗ ܽܣ ܳ ـܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـ ܰ ܘܪܚ ܳܢــܐܰ . ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ ـܘܫܢ: ـܗܐ ݂ ܽܟܠــܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ :ܘ ݂ܟ�ــܗ ܫܪ ܒـ ݂ ܘܪܚ ܳܢܐ ܶܡ ܽ ܐܫܬ ܶܩܠ ܳ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܫܡܐ ݂ ܺܒܝ ܳܫܐ ݂ܕ ܽܣ ܳ ܢܗܘܢ.
Susanna
The crowd separated them, one from the other. He called to one of them and said to him: You are a man who has grown old in evil: 1 but now your sins have come home to you, those which you had done previously. You have given unjust judgments. 2 You have condemned the righteous. You have destroyed the lowly. You have not vindicated the innocent.
But now, tell me this, before this whole assembly: 3 Under which tree did you see this woman and the young man lying together? The elder said to him: Under the pistachio tree. Daniel said to him: Now know this — if indeed 4 you have lied it will be upon your head, 5 for the angel of God is ready to receive the commandment from God — to behead you. 6
After that he called to the other, his companion and said to him too: Seed of Canaan, not of Judah — the beauty of this woman has overcome you, lust for her has corrupted you. 7 You have acted thus to the daughters of Israel who have not consented to your evil desire despite their fear.
But, tell me, in the presence of this whole assembly: Under which tree did you see this woman and the young man lying together? He answered, he said, in the presence of the whole assembly: Under the pomegranate tree.
‘evil’: lit. ‘evil days’. ‘given unjust judgments’: lit. ‘judged judgments of injustice’. 3 ‘assembly’: same Syriac word as ‘crowd’. 4 ‘indeed: lit. ‘in truth’. 5 ‘it will be upon your head’: lit. ‘it comes up upon your head’: see too Susanna 59. 6 ‘behead you’ lit. ‘rend you asunder from head to head’. So too Susanna 59. 7 ‘corrupted you’: lit. ‘turned your heart’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ ܢܒ
ܢܓ ܢܕ
ܢܗ
ܢܘ ܢܙ ܢܚ
ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶܽ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܘܫܬܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡـܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕܰ .ܘ ܳ ܠܚـ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ ܢـܗܘܢܶ :ܘ ܰ ܩـܪ ܐ ܰ ܐܡـܪ ܶܠـܗ. ݂ܘܦܪܫ ݂ܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܟܢ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܶ ܳ ܶ ̈ ܥܬ ݁ ܩܬ ݁ܒ ܰ�ܘ ܳܡ ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐܳ .ܗ ܳܫـܐ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ܩܪ ݂ܒـ ̱ܘ ܚܛ ܰܗܝ̈ـ ݁ܟܳ :ܗ ܽܢـܘܢ ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܕ ݂ ܳ ݁ܕ ܳܥ ݂ ܶܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ܝܬ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܙ ݂ܒܢܐ. ــܘܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ ܘܡ ݁ ܶ ܡܚ ܶܝ ݂ــܒ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ ݁ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܐܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ ܝــܬܰ . ܝــܬ ݁ ܺܕܝܢ̈ܶــܐ ݂ܕܥܰــܘ ܳ�ܰ .ܘ ܰ �ܙ ݁ ܺܕܝ ̈ܶܩــܐ ܰ ܝــܬ ܰ �ܙ ݁ ܳܟ ̈ܝܶܐ ܳ� ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܺܟ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶܟܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܡܙ ݁ ܶܟܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘܝ ݁ܬ. ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܝ�ܢ̈ܐ ܝܬ ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܐ ܗܫܐ ݂ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܠ ̣ܝ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ :ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܟ�ܗ ܟܢ ܘܫܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ݁ ܳ .ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܝܡܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ ܰ �ܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ̣ܚ ܰܙܝ ݁ܬ ܳ ܰ ܰ �ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܘ ݀ܰ ܡܟܝـܢ ܐ ݂ܟܚـ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ .ܐܡـܪ ܠـܗ ܗܘ ܩ ܺܫ ܳ ܝܫـܐ: ܝܬ ݁ ܶܦ ݁ ܣܬ ܳܩܐ. ݁ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܳܐ ܰܡܪ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝـܠܳ .ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ݁ ܰܕܥܶ ݁ .ܕܐܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܝܫ ݂ـܟ ܳܣ ܳ ܫـܪ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܶܓ ݁ ܠـܬ݁ :ܒ ܺܪ ܳ �ܩـܐ. ܺ ܶ ܥܬ ݂ܝܕ ܽܗܘ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܡ ܰ� ݂ ܶܟܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܘܩܕ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ ܐܠ ܳܗܐ݁ :ܕ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ݁ ܽܦ ݁ ܳ ܝـܟ ـܗܐ݁ :ܕܢܶܨܪ ݂ ݂ ̱ ݂ ܶܡܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܺ �ܪܝܫ. ܳ �ܗܘ ܐ ܺ ݂ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܶܠܗ ܳܘ ݂ܐܦ ܰ ܚܪ ܳܢܐ ܰܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗܶ :ܘ ܰ �ܗܘܰ .ܙܪܥܶܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܰܢܥـܢ ܘ� ܘܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܟܢ ܩܪ ܐ ܰ ̱ ܶ݁ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀ ܬ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܟ. ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐܽ :ܫ ݂ܘܦ ܰܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܫ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܟ :ܘܪ ܓ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܺ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܰ ̈ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܝܣܪܐܝܠܰ ݁ :ܒ ݂ܕ� ܳܥ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܳܕܢ ̱ܗ ̈ܘܝ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝ ܰ� ̈� ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܥ ݂ܒܕܝܢ ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܠ ݂ܒܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܕܚܠ ܰ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ. ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܝ�ܢ̈ـܐ: ܝـܬ ܐܝܢـܐ ܡـܢ ܐ ܩܕܡ ܟ�ـܗ ܒܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܰܡܪ ܺܠܝ ̣݂ ـܘܫܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ݁ :ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܰ ݁ܽ ܝܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ �ܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܝܬܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܳ ܡܟܝܢ ܰܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ .ܥ ܳܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ �ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܩ ݂ ܳܕܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܚܙ ܳ ܽ ݁ܟ ܽܢ ݁ ܝܬ ܪܘ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ. ܘܫܬܐ݁ :ܬ ܶܚ ݂
Susanna
He will see that these men have slandered me 1 — See! I shall die — though I have done nothing 2 which they 3 have testified against me; but because I did not do for them what they wanted, 4 what they asked of me. Then the Lord heard Susanna’s voice.
As she went to her death, 5 at that moment, God sent the holy spirit to a small boy whose name was Daniel; he was twelve years old.
He cried out aloud and said: I am absolved from 6 the blood of this woman, for she is innocent of this abomination.
All the crowd turned to him and said to him: What are you saying? 7
Standing among them, he said: You act so foolishly, you sons of Israel — you judge so wrongly 8 the daughters of Israel.
Go back, all of you, to the court house: for you have condemned this woman falsely.
All the crowd went back to the court house. Those elders said to Daniel: Come, sit with us, speak to us, for we see that God has given you the right to be heard. 9 Daniel spoke to all the crowd: Separate them, 10 one from the other, these elders; then I shall judge them as God guides 11 me. I shall show that they have testified wickedly, falsely, 12 against Susanna.
‘slandered me’: lit. ‘slandered me in falsehood’. See too Susanna 49. ‘though I have done nothing’: lit. ‘while I have not done anything/something’. 3 ‘they’: lit. ‘these men’. 4 ‘what they wanted’: lit. ‘the desire’. 5 ‘went to her death’: lit. ‘went out to die’. 6 ‘absolved from’: lit. ‘innocent of’. 7 ‘are you saying’: lit. ‘is this word that you have said’. 8 ‘so wrongly’: lit. ‘without righteousness’. 9 ‘the right to be heard’: lit. ‘precedence’. 10 ‘Separate them’: lit. ‘Separate them for me’. 11 ‘guides’: lit. ‘has given’. 12 ‘wickedly, falsely’: lit. ‘in wickedness … falsehood’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ
ܽ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܘܬܐ ܥܰ ܽ ܘܢܝ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢܳ . ܘܗܐ ܳܡܝ ݁ܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ � ܥ ܶ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܫܩ ܶ ̱ ܡܓ ܗܘ ܢܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܕ ݁ܓܠ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܥܠــܝ .ܐ� ܥܰــܠ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ܕ� ܥ ݂ܒ ـ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܬ �ـ ܽ ݁ܕ ܳܗ ܶܠܝــܢ ܐܣـ ܶ ـܗܘܢ ܶܨ ݂ܒ ܳ� ܳܢــܐ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ܰܫ ܽ ܐܠܘ ̱ܢܝ. ܡܕ ܰܘ ܰ ܫܡܥ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ ܘܫܢ. ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ ܳ ܡܗ ݂ ܰ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ݂ܦ ܳܩܐ ܰܠ ܳ ܫـܬܐ :ܥܰـܠ ܰܛ ܳ ܡܡ ݂ܬܰ ݁ :ܒ ܰ �ܝـܐ ܥܓܠ ܫܕܪ ܐܠܗܐ ܪܘܚܗ ܩܕܝ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܺ ܙܥ ܳ ܽ ܘܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ ܫܡܗ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܶܝܠܰ ݁ .ܕ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܒܪ ݁ܬ ݁ܪܬܥܶܣ ܶ� ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ. ܽ ܡܘ ܰܘ ܳ ܩܥܐ ݂ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪܰ . ܡܚ ܰܣܝ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܳܝـܐ ܺ ̱ܗܝ ܶܡـܢ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ܽ ܳ ܢܦ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ܛ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܠـܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ـܘܫܬܐ ܡܙ ܘܗ ݂ܦܟ ݂ܬ ܟ�ـܗ ܟܢ �ـܘ ݂ܬܗܳ :ܘܐܡ ܺܪܝـܢ ܶܠـܗܳ .ܡ ܳܢـܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡ ݂ ݂ܕ ܰܡܠ ܶ ݁ ܠܬ. ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܽ ݁ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܳܶ ܳ ܝܣܪܐܝـܠ ݁ܕ� ܡܚ ܘܗܘ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܩܐܡ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬܗܘܢ ܐܡܪ .ܗ ݂ܟܢܐ ܣ ݂ܟܠܝـܢ ܐܢ̱ـܬܘܢ ܒܢـܝ ܐ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܽ ݂ ܳܕ ܺܝܢܝܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܘܢ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܩ ݂ܘܬܐ ܰܠ ݂ ̈ܒ ܳܢ ݂ܬ ܐܝܣ ܳܪܐܝܠ. ܽ ܳ ܡܛ ܽ ܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ̱ܘ ݂ ܽ ܠܟܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ� ݂ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ ܶ ܘܬܐ ܶܓܝܪ ܰܚ ܶܝ ݂ܒ ݁ ܽܬܘ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ܳ ܠܒ ݂ ܺ ܳ �ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ. ݂ ܝܬ ݁ܕܝܢܐ݁ .ܒ ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳܓܠ ݂ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ ܶ ـܬ ݁ ܺܕܝ ܳܢــܐܶ .ܘ ܰ ܠܒܝـ ـܬ ܟ�ــܗ ܟܢــܘܫ ܐܡــܪ ̱ܘ ܶܠــܗ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫ ـܐ ݂ ܢܢ ܘܗ ݂ܦܟܶـ ݂ ܰܳ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܽ ܳ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ � ݂ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ .ܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܒܝܢ ݂ܬܢ :ܘܐܡܪ ܠܢ .ܢܚܙ ܐ ݂ܕܠ ݂ܟ ܝ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܐܠܗܐ ܩܫܝܫ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܶ ܽ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܽ ݁ܳ ܘܫܬܐ݁ .ܦ ܽܪܘܫ ̱ܘ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܺܠܝ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ݂ܕ܆ ܳ ܢܐ ܶܘ ܰ �ܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܠܟ�ܗ ܟܢ ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܕ ܺܢܝܐܝܠ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܰܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳ ـܘ� ܰܐ ܶ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐܳ . ܣـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܘܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܐ݁ ܽܕܘܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܠܝ ܐܠـܗܐ .ܘܐܚـܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒܥ ܘܫܢ ܽܫܘ ܳ ܥܰܠ ܽܫ ܰ ܩܪ ܐ.
Susanna IV 1
When a large crowd had collected 2 around her those elders entered, the two of them, and bore false witness against her. They laid their hands on Susanna’s head, saying: We saw this (woman), with a young man, they lay 3 (together). Susanna was horrified 4 by what had happened to her. She raised her eyes to heaven, to the Lord, for her heart was given to God.
The two elders said: While we were walking outside the garden yesterday Susanna, her two maids with her, came and went into the garden. She sent her maidservants (away) and they shut the garden gates. A young man came to her, who was (waiting) in hiding for her, and he slept with her.
For we went into the garden and saw this wickedness; 5 we ran towards them and found them as they slept (together).
But we could not seize that young man, for he was stronger than us — he opened the garden gate and fled. But we did seize that woman, and we asked her: Who was that young man who slept with you?
But she did not want to confess to us about him. 6 These (matters) we testify concerning her, before you. All the crowd believed them, for they were elders of the people, for they were 7 judges, and condemned Susanna to death — as all women fear — so that they would not again bring this shame on them and on their families.
Susanna cried out aloud and said: God, who knows everything, before whom secrets are revealed, who knows what is to come before it is, This chapter number was identified with the help of the Buchanan Bible, fol. 189r. 2 ‘had collected’: lit. ‘was’. 3 ‘lay’: lit. ‘slept’. Similarly Susanna 38. 4 ‘Susanna was horrified’: lit. ‘her soul was bitter’. 5 ‘wickedness’: lit. ‘falsehood’. 6 ‘about him’: lit. ‘concerning him, who he was’. 7 ‘for they were … for they were’: lit. ‘since that as … since that as’. 1
ܫܘܫܢ ܨܚ ܕ
ܢܫܐ ܰܣ ݁ ܺܓ ܳܝܐܐ ܚ ݂ ܺܕܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ :ܥܰܠ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ ܠܕ ݂ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ܶ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ ܐܣـܗ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ـܘܫܢ ܳܘ ܺ ܝܗ ܽܫ ܳ ܘܩܪ ܐܳ . ܘܣܡ ̱ܘ ܺܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕ ܽܝܗܘܢ ܥܰـܠ ܺܪ ܳ ـܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ ܝܫ ̇ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܐܡܪܝـܢ݁ :ܕ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܥܰـܡ ܚܙ ܳܝܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡ ݂ ܳ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ ܝܟܐ. ܘܫܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܺܪ ܳ ܠܗ ܺ ـܬ ܥܰ ܶ ـܗܶ :ܫܩܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝ ܽܫ ܰ ـܗ ܥܰـܠ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ܕ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̇ ܝـܪ ܐ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ̇ ܝ� ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܽ ܫܡ ܳܝܐ ܳ ܰܠ ܰ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ. ܪ�ܐܶ .ܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܠ ݁ ܳܒ ̇ܗ ܺܣܝܡ ̱ܗܘܐ ܶ ܡܗ ݂ ܺ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܽ ܝـܗܘܢ݁ .ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܰ ܠܘ ܶܘ ܰ ܠـܝ ݂ ܰ ܠܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ܠܟܝـܢ ̱ܚ ܰܢـܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ݀ ܽ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ .ܘܥܰ ܶ� ̈ܝܢ ݂ ܰ ܘܫ ݁ܕ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܣܐܰ . ܶܦܪܕܝܣܐ :ܐ ܳ ݂ܬ ݂ܬ ܫܘܫܢ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝܢ ܛ�ܝ ݂ ܐܚܕ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܰ� ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬ ̇ܗܶ :ܘ ݁ ܰ ܝܣܐ. ܶ ܳ ܰ �ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܐܬܐ ܳ ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܰܕܡܛ ܰܫܝ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳ� ̇ܗܰ .ܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ. ܠܙ ܘ ݂ ܰ ܰ ܚܙܝܢ ܽܫ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܪܗ�ـܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܘܩܪ ܐܰ .ܘ ܶ ܪܕ ܳ ܠܓܘ ݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܝܣܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܝـܗܘܢ. ܠܚ ܚܢܢ ݁ܕܝܢ ܶܥܠܢ ̱ܗܘܝܢ ܠܢ ܰ ݂ ܐܫܟܚܢ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ݁ ܺ ܶܘ ݁ ܰ ܡܟܝܢ. ܽ ܳ ܶܰ ܰ ܰ ܝܡܐ ܳ� ܶܐ ݁ ܰ ܫܟܚܢ ܶ �ܗܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܠܛ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܶ ـܬܚ ܐܚܕܗܶ :ܡܛܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ̱ܗܘܐ ܡܢܢ .ܘ ݂ܦ ݂ ݁ ܰܬ ܳ ܝܣܐܰ :ܘ ܰ ܪܕ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܥܪܩ. �ܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ܽܢܘ ܰܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܘܫܐܶ ܳ �ܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ݂ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ̇ܗܰ . ܝܡܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܺܡ ݂ܝܟ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܡ ܰ ܳ ܬ ݁ܕܬܘ݁ ܶܕ ܐ ܰܠܢ ܥܠ ܰ ܩܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ܡܐ ܘ� ݂ ܳ ܨܒ ݂ ݀ ܝـܗ ݂ ܳ ܘܗܝ ܰܡ ܽܢـܘܳ .ܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܰܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕ ܰܝܢـܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܝܟـܘܢ. ݂ ̱ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܶܽ ݁ܽ ܳ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܝـܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܘܗܝܡܢ ݂ܬ ܐܢـܘܢ ܟ� ̇ ܐܝـܟ ݁ ܰܕ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـܐ. ـܗ ܟܢ ܠܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܰܘ ܽ ݂ ـܘܫܬܐ :ܐ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ �ܗܝـܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫـܐ݂ :ܘܬ ݂ܘܒ � ܢܶ ݁ ̈ ܠܡ ݁ܘܬܐ .ܐܝ ݁ ܰܟ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܕ ̈ܚܠـܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ ܠܫܘ ܰܫܢ ܰ ܘܗ ܽ ܰ ܘܚܝ ݁ ܽܒ ̇ ܥܒـ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܶ ܠܫ ݁ ܰ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ ܶܒ ݁ �ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ܰ ܪܒ ݂ܬ ܶܗܝܢ. ܰ ܳ ݀ ܽ ܰ ݁ ܳܳ ܳܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܬܘܗܝ ܳܝ ݂ ܽܕ ܳ ܘܥـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ: ܡܒ ܘ ݂ܓܥ ݂ܬ ܫܘܫܢ ܒܩ� ܶ ܪܡܐ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ :ܐܠܗܐ ݂ܕܐܝـ ݂ ̱ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܳ ̈ ̈ ܥܬ ̈ܝ ݂ ܳܕܢ ܥܰ ݂ܕ� ܢܶܗܘܝܳܢ. ݂ ܘܗܝܰ .ܗܘ ݁ܕ ܳܝ ݂ ܰܕܥ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܘܟ ̈ܣ ܳܝ ݂ܬܐ ݂ܰܓـ� ܳܝܢ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܩ ݂ ܳܕ ܰܡ ̱
Susanna
When that voice was heard in the garden, men 1 of Susanna’s household ran, hurried into the garden to see what had happened to her. When all Susanna’s relations had assembled those elders began to testify 2 unjustly against her, (saying that) as we were passing by outside the garden we looked in to see the garden and saw Susanna as a young man slept with her. We ran to seize them, but we could not seize the young man for he was stronger than us. Then, when they heard what the elders said, 3 all Susanna’s relatives were ashamed of everything which they said she had done.
On the next day, all the people gathered to Joyakim her husband so that they might investigate (the story) about Susanna, for if she had really committed this abominable deed, dishonored 4 her husband Joyakim, she should die. Those elders came too, the two of them, they slandered her. 5 They said, before all the people:
Send for Susanna daughter of Halkana, wife of Joyakim. So they sent for her. She came, with all her family, her intimate friends, and her companions. She stood in the midst of the whole crowd of people —
The woman was very fair, 6 the most modest of women, her clothing very modest 7 —
When those wicked men saw her they ordered that they should remove 8 her veil, so that they might feast their eyes on 9 her beauty.
But all who saw her wept, together with all her relatives.
‘men’: lit. ‘sons’. ‘testify’: same Syriac root as ‘witness’ in Susanna 21. 3 ‘what the elders said’: lit. ‘the words of the elders’. 4 ‘dishonored’: lit. ‘dishonored the bed of’. 5 ‘they slandered her’: lit. ‘they slandered her unjustly’. 6 ‘very fair’: lit. ‘very beautiful in her appearance’. 7 ‘modest … modest’: two different Syriac roots. 8 ‘remove’: lit. ‘reveal’. 9 ‘they might feast their eyes on’: lit. ‘howbeit with her appearance they might be satiated with’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ
ܰ ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܝܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘ ܰܫܢܶ : ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ :ܘܥܰܠ ̱ܘ ܟܘ ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ܕ ܐܫܬܡܥ ܩ� ܗܢܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܪܕܝܣܐ :ܒܢܝ ܒ ܳ ܢܫ ݂ ݀ ܳ ܺ ܚܙܘܢ ܳܡ ܳܢܐ ܰܓ ݂ܕ ܳܫ ̇ܗܰ ݂ . ܥܓܠ ݁ܕܢܶ ܽ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܶܟ ܰ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ ـܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫـܘ ܰܫܢܰ :ܫܪܝـܘ ܬ ݁ ܽܟ� ̇ܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܽܫ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܝܗ ܥܰـܘ�݁ .ܕ ܳܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ݂ܒ ܺܪܝـܢ ̱ܚ ܰܢـܢ ݂ ܰ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢܣܗ݂ ܽܕܘܢ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܠܒـܪ ܶܡـܢ ـܗ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܪܕ ܳ ܪܕ ܳ ܝܣܐܰ :ܐ݂ ܺܕܝܩܢ ݁ܕܢܶ ܶ ܚܙ ܐ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܝܣܐܰ .ܘ ܰ ܚܙܝܢ ܽ ܠܫ ܰ ܘܫܢܰ ݁ :ܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܰܕ ܺܡܝـ ݂ܟ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ ܝܡـܐ ܽ ܐܚ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢܳ .ܘ� ܶܐ ݂ܬܡܨܶܝܢ ܶ ܪܗ�ܢ ܶ ܰܚ ݂ܕܰ .ܘ ܶ �ـܗܘ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ܐܚܕܗ ܰ ܠܡ ݁ ܶ ܠܡ ܰ ܝܡـܐܶ :ܡܛـܠ ݁ܕܥܰ ܺܫܝܢ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܡ ܰܢܢ. ܳܽ ܳ ܳ ـܘܫܢ݁ :ܒ ܶ ܟܙ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ـܘܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫ ܰ ـܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ ܥܰـܠ ܫܡܥ ̱ܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܡ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܽܟ�ـ ̇ܗ ܐ̱ܢܫ ݂ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܕܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀. �ܘܬ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܘܡܐ ܐ ܺ ܥ� ̇ܗܰ ݁ :ܕܢܥܰ ݂ ܽ ܚܪ ܳܢܐܶ :ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ܰܢܫ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܳ �ܝ ܳ ܟܚ ܰܘ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܰ ܩܒـܘܢ ݂ ̱ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܝܗ ܥܰܠ ܽܫ ܰ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܝܬܗ ܘܫܢܶ ݁ .ܕܐܢ ܰܫ ܺܪܝ ܳܪܐ ܰ ݂ ـܘܬܐ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ :ܘܨܥـܪ ݂ܬ ܬܫـܘ ݂ ܝܬ ܳܥ ݂ܒـܕ ݂ܬ ܛܢܦ ݂ ݁ܕ ܽܝــܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ـܗܘܢ݁ :ܕܢܶ ܽ ـܘܬܶ .ܘܐ ݂ܬܘ ܐ ݂ܦ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫ ـܐ ܳܗ ܽܢــܘܢ ݁ܬ ܰ�ܝـ ܽ ܥܫܩـ ܳ ܥ�ـ ̇ ـܘܢ ̇ܗ ـܗ݁ :ܬ ܽܡـ ݂ ܳܺ ܶ ܝܬܶ .ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܩ ݂ ̣ ܳܕܡ ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ. ܰ� ܳܘ� ݂ ܰ ݁ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܘܫܢ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܪܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܶܚܠ ܰܩ ܳܝܐܰ :ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡܰ . ܬܪ ܽܫ ܰ ܘܫ ݁ ܰܕܪ ̱ܘ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܳܪ ̇ܗ. ܟܛ ܫܕܪ ̱ܘ ܒ ݂ ܶ ݁ܳ ݀ ܺ ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܳܝ ݂ ܽܕ ܶ ܬ ̇ܗܽ ݂ : ܝܗܳ . ܘܟ ܽ ܘ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܘ ܳ� ܶ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܚܡ ̇ ـܬ ܠ ܘܐܬ ݂ܬ ܗܝ ݂ܘܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ ݂ ـܬ ܶܡܨܥܰ ݂ ̣ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ݁ ܶܟ ܳ ܢܫܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡܐ. ܳ ܰ ݁ܺ ܳ ܰ݁ܺ ܶ � ܰܘܐܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܺܦ ܳ ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܶ �ܗܝܢ ܢܶ ̈ܫܐܰ .ܘܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܳܦܐ ܝܪ ܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ܒ ܶܚ ܳܙܘ ̇ܗ ܛ ݂ܒ .ܘܡܟ ݂ܝܟܐ ܝ ̱ ܳ ݀ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܺ ̇ܳ ܝܬܗ. ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܛ ݂ܒ ܬ ݂ܟܣ ݂ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܺ ܳ ݁ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܠܒ ݂ ܰ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܚـܙ ܽܐܘ ̇ܗ ܳܗ ܽܢـܘܢ �ܫܝܥـܐ :ܦܩـ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܕܢ ݂ܓܠـܘܢ ̇ܗ ܬܚܦܝـ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ .ܕ ݂ܐܦـܢ ܒ ܚـܙ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܣܒ ܽܥܘܢܶܗ ܽ ܢܶ ݁ ܠܫ ݂ܘܦ ܳܪ ̇ܗ. ܳ ܠܓ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݁ܕ ܳܚ݀ ܶܙܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܥܰܡ ݁ ܽܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܽܫ ݁ܘܬ ̇ܗ.
Susanna
They did as she ordered them: they shut the garden gates, and went to bring her that which was ordered. They did not see those elders who were hidden there. When Susanna’s maids had left those elders ran to her and said to her:
See! The garden gates are shut, no-one sees us — we burn with desire for you 1 — sleep with us! For if you do not want to sleep with us we will bear false witness against you, (saying) that a young man slept with you and therefore you sent your maids away.
Susanna thought 2 and said: I have nowhere to turn. 3 For if I do this, my life is worthless 4 because my husband 5 Joyakim is dishonored; and if I do not do this, I shall face an evil death at your hands, a bad name denying 6 my chastity, and I shall bring shame on my (entire) family as a result of the false witness of these unjust men who add to the ruin, the shame of Israel, reproach among foreign peoples. But it is better for me to die unjustly 7 at your hands: I shall not sin before God. That is something which he will not forget; so long as I am constant in that decision 8 he will also save me from your hands.
Then Susanna cried out aloud, for the disaster which had befallen her at the hands of frenzied 9 men; those elders too shouted 10 out, to drown her out. 11 One of them ran and opened the garden gates.
‘burn with desire for you’: lit. ‘but because lusting we lust for you’. ‘thought’ or ‘reasoned’. 3 ‘I have nowhere to turn’: lit. ‘Disaster is to me from all sides’. 4 ‘my life is worthless’: lit. ‘it is death for me before God’. 5 ‘my husband’: lit. ‘the bed of my husband’. So too Susanna 28. 6 ‘denying’: lit. ‘not befitting’. 7 ‘unjustly’: lit. ‘in an unjust deed’. 8 ‘am constant in that decision’: lit. ‘am faithful in it’. 9 ‘frenzied’: same Syriac root as ‘crazed’ in Susanna 14. 10 ‘cried’ and ‘shouted’: same Syriac root. 11 ‘to drown her out’: lit. ‘against her’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ
ܪܕ ܳ ܝܚ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܐܚ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܥܒ ݂ ̈ܕ ̱ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܩ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܐܢܶܝܢ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܣـܐܶ :ܘ ܰܐܙ ̈ܠـ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܰ� ̈ܝ ݁ܬܝܳـܢ ܶܡـ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܰ ܚܙ ̈ܝ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ܳ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܦ ܶܩ ݂ܕܳ .ܘ� ܰ �ܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܶ ܛܫܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ. ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܽܫܘ ܰܫܢܶ : ܪܗܛ ̱ܘ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܝܗ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ: ܝܛ ݂ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݂ܢܦܩ ̱ܝ ܛ�ܝ ݂ ܶܳ ܝܕܝܢ ܶܐ ܽܢܘܢ .ܘܐ̱ ܳܢـܫ ܰܠ ݁ ܪܕ ܳ ܟ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗܳ .ܗܐ ݂ ܰܬ�ܥ ܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܝܣܐ ܰܐ ܺܚ ݂ ܺ ܝـܬ ݁ܕ ܳܚ݀ ܶـܙ ܐ ܰܠـܢ .ܐ� ܽ ܶܡܛܠ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ܰܪ ݂ܓ ܰܪ ݂ܓܢܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ݁ :ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ܰܡܢ. ܠܡ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ݂ـܟ ܥܰ ܰܡـܢܰ :ܡܣܗ݂ ܺܕܝـܢ ܚ ܰܢـܢ ܥܠܰܝ ݁ܟـ ̱ܝ ܽܫـܘ ܳ ܟܐ ܶܘܐܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳ� ܳܨ ݂ܒ ܳܝܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܶ ܩܪ ܐ: ܶ ̱ ܰ ܳ ܶ �ܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܠ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ܳ ܝܡܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕܶ .ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܫ ݁ ܰ ـܕ ݁ܪܬ ̱ܝ ܐܢܶܝـܢ ܠܛ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܳ ܶ �ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܶ ܘܫܢ ܶܘ ܰ ܥܝ ݂ ݀ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ܽ .ܐ ܳ ܟܒ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ܰ ܬ ܽܫ ܰ ܘ�ܨ ܰܢܐ ̱ܗܘ ܺܠܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܽܟܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݁ ܺܒ ̈ܝܢ .ܐܢ ݁ ܶܓܝـܪ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܶ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܺ ܶ ܝܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝـܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕܰ :ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ̱ܗ ܶܘ ܠܝ ܡܢ ܳ ܩ ݂ܕܡ ܐܠـܗܐ ܺ :ܥـܠ ܕ ܶܨܥـܪ ݂ܬ ܬܫـܘ ݂ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܥܠܝܶ .ܘܐܢ ܳ� ܐܥ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܕܰ :ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ݂ ܺܒ ܳ ܝܫܐ ݂ܕ� ܝܫܐ ܶܡܢ ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ܐ ܰܩ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܥܰܡ ܫܡܐ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܒ ̱ ܶ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ܗܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܶܐܫ ݁ ܽܒܘܩ ݂ ܽ ܘܬܐ ݂ܕ ܽܫ ܳ ܠܚ ܽܐܪ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝܶ ݂ . ܠܟ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܫ ݂ ܰ ܘܒ ݁ ܳ�ܐܶܐ ܺ ـܘܩܪ ܐ ܪܒ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ :ܡـܢ ܣـܗܶܕ ݂ ܰ ݁ܺ ݁ ܶ ܕ ܰܓܒ ܶ� ܐ ܰ� ܳ ̈ܘ ܶ�݁ .ܕ ܰܡ ݂ ܺ ܫܬܗ ݁ ܺܕ ܳ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ݁ :ܒ ݂ ܶܒ ܳ ܙܚـܐ ܘܣܦܝܢ ܥܰܠ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܒ ܶܪܗ ܘܥܠ ܒܝ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܝܬ ܥܰ ̱̈ܡ ܶܡܐ ܽܢ ݂ܘܟ ܳ��ܐܶ. ݂ ܶܒ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶܳ ܰ ܺ ـܘܕ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ ـܗܐܰ :ܗܘ ܟܓ ܐ� ݂ܦ ܳܩܚ ܳܠܝ ݂ ܶܕ ܽܐܡ ݂ܘܬ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݁ܒܥܰܘ� :ܘ� ܐܚܛ ܺـܐ ܽܩ ݂ ܝܡܢܐ ܐ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܶܒܗܳ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܐܦ ܶܡܢ ܐܝ ݂ ܰܕ ̈ܝ ݁ ܽܟܘܢ ݂ ܰ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݁ ܶܕܡ ܳ� ܛܥܶܐ ܶܠܗܰ ݁ .ܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܝܢܝ. ܢܦܨܶ ̱ ܡܗ ܳ ̱ ܺ ܟܕ ܰܘ ܳ ܩܥ ݂ ݀ ܘܫܢ :ܥܰܠ ܽܐ ܳ ܬ ݁ܒ ܳܩ ܳ� ܳܪ ܳܡܐ ܽܫ ܰ ܘ�ܨ ܳܢ ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܶܡܢ ܐ ̈ܝ ݂ ܰܕܝ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܰܦܩـ ܶ� ܐܰ .ܘܩܥܰـܘ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ܽ ܠܩ ݂ܘܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ. ܰ ܰ ܪܗܛ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܶܡ ܽ ܟܗ ܰܘ ܶ ܬܚ ݁ ܰܬ�ܥܶܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܣܐ. ܢܗܘܢ :ܘ ݂ܦ ݂
Susanna
16
The two of them desired her — (lusting) to be with her according to the way of women: but they did not reveal their obsession to one another, For they wanted to be with her in secret.
They spied on her every day, obsessionally, 1 to look at her.
They said to one another: 2 Let us go away, for it is mealtime. They both 3 left, to go away —
they stole away, 4 one from the other. Then the two of them turned back, not knowing (where the other was going) — the two of them went, and they met one another there. Then they were ashamed of how they had deceived 5 one another. They sat, they revealed to one another their crazed destructive 6 (lust), how they lusted after this embodiment 7 of modesty.
After that 8 they watched for a time when they might find her alone and, together, destroy her reputation. 9 It happened that, while they were watching her, they saw her as she always was, 10 with her two maids. 11 She longed to bathe there, in the garden, for it was hot. Those elders went, they lay in wait there, in the garden — no other man was in the garden, only those two elders.
Susanna said to her maids: Go, bring me oil and ointment, and shut the garden gates while I am bathing.
‘obsessionally’: lit. ‘diligently’. ‘one another’: lit. ‘his companion’. 3 ‘both’: lit. ‘together’. 4 ‘they stole away’: lit. ‘they stole their soul’. 5 ‘how they had deceived’: lit. ‘what they had done, one to the other, in deceit’. 6 ‘destructive’ or ‘pernicious’. 7 ‘embodiment’: lit. ‘fullness’. 8 ‘After that’: lit. ‘From then’. 9 ‘destroy her reputation’: lit. ‘dishonor her good remembrance’. 10 ‘as she always was’: lit. ‘as every day, as yesterday and as the day before’. 11 ‘with her two maids’: lit. ‘when they were with her, her two maids’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ
ܝܘ ܝܙ
ܶ ܳ ܰܳ ܰ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܘܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇ ܘܪܚܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ̈ܫܐ .ܘ� ݂ܓܠܰܘ ܡ ܽܚ ݂ܘܬ ܽܗܘܢ ܰܚـ ݂ܕ ܘܗ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ܕ. ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܳܨ ݂ ܶܒܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܶ ܠܡ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܽܛܘ ܳ ܫܝܐ. ܺ ܳܺ ܳܘܢ ܺ ܝܬ ܶ ܠܡܚܙܝܳ ̇ܗ. ܛܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ݂ ܚܦܝܛܐ ݂ ܳ ܠܚ ݂ܒ ܶܪܗܺ .ܢ ܰܐܙܠ ܰܠܢ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟܐܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ܕ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ ܗܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ݁ܕ ܳܫـ ܽܪ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܦܩ ̱ܘ ܶ ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠ ܐ ݂ܟܚ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ: ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܥܛ ݂ܦـ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽ ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ � ܝܳ ݂ܕܥܺܝـܢܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙܠـ ̱ܘ ܘ ܰ ݂ܓܢ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܢ ܰ ݂ܦܫܗܘܢ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡـ ܰܢ ܚ ݂ـܕ .ܘ ̣ ܽ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢܰ ݂ . ܶ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܘ ܚ ݂ܕ ܰ ݁ܬ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܐܪܥ ̱ܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܰ ܠܚـ ݂ܕ ܘܟ ݂ܕ ݁ܒܗ ݂ܬ ̱ܘ �ܗܘܢ ܒܡ ݁ܕܡ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܝܬܐܰ ݁ .ܕ ݁ ܰ ܐܝܟ ܳܢـܐ ـܪܬܐ ܘܡـܘܒ ݂ܕ ܢ ݂ ݁ܒܢܶ ݂ܟ� :ܝܺ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰܘ ݂ܓܠܘ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳ ܠܚ ݂ܕ ܪ ܓ ݂ ـܬܗܘܢ ܦܩ ݂ ܘܗ ܰ ܠܡ ܰ ܰܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇ �ܝ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܟ ݁ ܽܦ ݂ܘܬܐ. ـܘܕ ̇ܝܗܰ :ܘ ܰܢܨ ܽ ܘܡܢ ܳܗܝ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܳܢ ܺ ܛܪܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܽ ܶ �ܚ ݂ ܶ ܫܟ ܽܚ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܶ� ݁ ܳܕ ܳܢـܐ݁ :ܕܢܶ ݁ ـܘܢ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܒ ܽ ܥܪ ܳܘܢ ̇ ـܗ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳܢ ܺ ܠܫܘܝܰ ݂ܬ ݁ ܽܕ ݂ܘܟ ܳܪ ܳܢܐ ܛ ݂ ܳܒܐܰ .ܘ ܳ ܛܪܝܢ ܳ� ̇ܗܰ . ܰ ܝـܟ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟـܠ ܚـܙ ܳܐܘ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ܐ ݂ ݁ܰ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܐܝܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܽܝܘܡ :ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܛ�ܝ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܬܪܬܝܢ. ܠܝ ܰܘ ݂ ܠܝ .ܟ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ ܡܢ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱ ̱ ܬ ܶ ܝܣܐܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ܽܚ ܳ ܪܕ ܳ ܪܓ ݂ ݀ ܣܚܐ ݂ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦ ݁ ܰ ܠܡ ܳ ܶܘ ݂ܐܬ ܰܪ ݂ܓ ܰ ܘܡܐ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙܠ ̱ܘ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ݂ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐܰ .ܘ ݂ܟ ܶܡܢ ̱ܘ ݁ ܰܬ ܳܡܢ ݁ܒ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܣܐ. ܺ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܶ ܝܣܐ .ܐ� ܐܢ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ. ܘܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܐ̱ܚܪܝܢ ܠܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܒܗ ܒ ݂ܦܪܕ ܰ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ̇ ܶ ܶ ̈ ܰ ̈ ݁ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܫ ܰ ܬ ܶܐܝـܢ ܺܠـܝ ܶܡ ܳ ܫܚـܐ ܰܘ ܳܙܡ ܳܡـܐ݂ .ܘܬ�ܥܶـܐ ܘܫܢ ܠܛ�ܝ ݂ܬܗ .ܙ�ܝـܢ ܐܝ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܝܣܐ ܰܐ ܽܚ ̈ܘ݂ܕܝܳܢ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶܕ ܶ ܐܣܚܐ.
Susanna III
The Book of the Blessed Susanna There was a man living in Babylon; his name was Joyakim.
He took a wife. 1 Her name was Susanna, the daughter of Halkana. She was very beautiful, and she feared the Lord.
Both 2 her parents were righteous; they taught their daughter all the commandments of Moses. Joyakim her husband was exceedingly wealthy. He had a garden around his house; the Jews would gather in it, for he was most distinguished of them all.
At that time, two elders were appointed 3 from the people. They were the magistrates of the people, judges that year, of whom God had spoken, (saying): Because of them, wickedness will come forth from Babylon, from them, from the elders, from those judges who administer the temple. 4 Those men came continually to Joyakim’s house, and all those who had a case (to be tried) were judged. 5
When all the people went, at midday, Susanna went (too) — she and her maidens, to her husband’s garden. Those elders saw her every day as she was walking, going to her husband’s garden. They desired her —
so they bent their minds, averted their eyes, so that they would not look towards heaven, would no more call to mind the righteous ones. 6 ‘took a wife’: lit. ‘took for him a wife’. ‘Both’: lit. ‘All of them’. 3 ‘were appointed’: lit. ‘stood’. 4 ‘who administer in the temple’ or ‘who serve in the temple’. 5 ‘were judged’: lit. ‘were coming and being judged’. 6 ‘would no more call to mind the righteous ones’ or ‘would not again remember with holy things’. 1 2
ܫܘܫܢ
ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܫܢ ܛܘܒܢܝܬܐ ܨܚ ܓ
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ܺ ܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܚ ݂ܕ ܳܥ ܰܡܪ ݁ܒ ݂ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒܠܶ : ܫܡܗ ܽܝܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡ. ܐ ݂ ݂ ܰ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܫܩܠ ܶܠܗ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̣ܬܐܰ :ܘ ܳ ܘܫܢܰ ݁ .ܒ ݂ ̣ܪܬܗ ݁ܕ ܶܚܠ ܳ ܫܡ ̇ܗ ܽܫ ܰ ܩܝـܐ :ܘܫܦܝـܪ ܐ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ܛ ݂ـܒ: ܳ ݂ ܳܘܕܚ� ܶܡܢ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ܐ. �ܗܘܢ ܰܙ ݁ ܺܕ ܺܝܩܝܢ ܗ ܰܘܘܰ .ܘ ݂ ܽ ـܪܬ ܽܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܘܐ̱ ܳܢ ܶܫ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ ܐܠܦܘ ̇ܗ ݂ ܰ �ـܗܘܢ ݁ ܽܦܘܩ ݁ ܳܕ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܠܒ ݂ ̱ ݁ܕ ܽܡ ܶ ܘܫܐ. ܽ ܽ ܳ ܺ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ܰ݁ܺ ܝـܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶܠـܗ ݁ ܰܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܬܝܪ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܳܛ ݂ܒ ܽܣ ݂ ̣ܳ ܝܣـܐ ܘܗܘ ܝܘܝܩܝܡ ܒܥ�ܗ ܥ ـܘܓܐܐܺ .ܘܐ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܺܽ ̈ܳ ܶ ܶ ܽ ܳ ݁ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ـܬܗܰ .ܘ�ـ ܳـܘ ݂ ̣ܬܗ ݁ܟܢ ܺܫܝــܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܝ ̱ܗܘ݂ܕ�ــܐ :ܡܛــܠ ܕܡܝــܬܪ ̱ܗܘܐ ܡـܢ ܚـ ݂ܕܪ ܒܝـ ݁ ܽܟ ܽ �ܗܘܢ. ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܺ̈ܶ ܰܳ ܺ ܰ ܬ ܽܝܗܘܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܺ� ܳ ܝܫܢܶܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ܘ݂ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ـܐ ݁ܒ ܰܙ ݂ܒ ܳܢܐ ܰܗܘܳ :ܩܡ ̱ܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ ݂ܒܥܡܐ .ܘܐܝ ݂ ܰ ݁ܳ ܢܗܘܢ ܳܢ ݂ ܶܦܩ ܽܪ ܳ ܝܗܘܢ ܰܡܠܶܠ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳܗܐ݁ .ܕ ܶܡ ܽ ܬܐ ܳܗ݀ܝܰ ݁ .ܕܥܠ ܰ ܽ ܘܫܥـܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ ܶܒـܠ. ݂ܒܫܢ̱ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܽ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ ܶܡܢܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܩܫܝܫܐ ܘܡܢ ܕ�ܢܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܡܫܡܫܝܢ ̱ܗܘܘ ܒܗܝܟ�. ܶ ܳܶ ܰ ܺ ܰ ݁ܶ ܝـܬ ܠ ݂ܒ ܝـܬܗ ݁ܕ ܽܝـܘܝܳ ܺܩܝܡܳ .ܘ ݂ܐܬܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ݁ ܽܟـܠ ܶܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ܐ ݂ ̣ܬܝـܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܐ ܺܡ ܳܝܢܐ ݂ ܰ ܶ ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܳܝܢܐܶ : ܘܡ ݁ܬ ݁ܬ݂ ܺܕ ܺܝܢܝܢ. ܐܝܠܝܢ ݁ ܺܕ ݂ ܠܓـܗ ݁ܕܝܰ ܳ ܰܘ ܳ ܘܡـܐܶ :ܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ܰܙܠ ݁ ܽܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶܦ ݁ ܶ ـܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܽܫـܘ ܰܫܢܺ :ܗܝ ܰ ܳ̈ ܳ ܝܣܐ ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܬܗ ݂ ܰ ܥ� ̇ܗ. ܘܛ�ܝ ݂ ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ݂ ܠܟܐ ܗ ܳܘܬ݀ ܳܘܐܙ ܳ� ݂ ܰ ܠܦܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܘܚ ݀ ܶܙܝܢ ̱ܗ ܰܘܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܽܝܘܡ ܳܗ ܽܢܘܢ ܰܩ ܺܫ ̈ܝ ܶܫܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܰ ܳ ܝܣܐ ܡܗ ݂ ܳ ̱ ݂ ̱ ܥ� ̇ܗܰ . ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܘܪ ݁ ܽܓ ̇ ܘܗ: ݂ ܳ ܳ ܝ� ̈ܝ ܽܗܘܢ݁ :ܕ� ܽܢܚ ܽ ܶܘܐܬ ܶ ܥܗܘܢܰ .ܘ ݁ ܶ ܗܦ ݂ܟ ܰܡ ݁ ܰܕ ܽ ـܘܪܘܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܰ ܐܪܟܢ ̱ܘ ܥܰ ܰ ܫܡ ܳܝـܐ .ܘ� ܢܶ ݁ܬ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܟ ܽـܪܘܢ ݂ܽ ݂ ܰ ܰ݁ ܺ ܶ ̈ ݁ܬ ݂ܘܒ ܥܡ ܙ ܕܝܩܐ.
Ruth Ch.
And Shelah begat Boaz. And Boaz begat Obed.
And Obed begat Jesse and Jesse begat David the king.
ܪܥܘܬ ܟܐ ܟܒ
ܘܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܐ ܶ ܘܫ ܳ� ܰܐ ܶ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܽ �ܥ ݂ ܺ ܠܒ ܳܥܙܳ ݂ : ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ. ܐܝܫܝ ܰܐ ܶ ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ ܰܐ ܶ ܽ �ܕ ܺܘ ݂ܝܕ ܰܡ ݁ ܳ ܘܥ ݂ ܺ ܝܫܝܺ :ܘ ܰ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܺ� ܰ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰ �ܟܐ.
Ruth Ch.
Then Boaz said to the elders and to all the people: You are witnesses today that I have acquired all that belonged to Elimelech and all that belonged to Malion and Chilion from the hand of Naomi.
And you, Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of Malion, I have taken you as my wife, 1 to raise up the name of the dead over his inheritance, lest the memory of the dead be forgotten from among his brothers 2 and his tribe. You are witnesses today.
The elders and all the people who were at the gate of the city answered and said: We are witnesses. And they blessed him and said to him: May the Lord make this woman before you like Rachel and like Leah: those two who built the house of Israel. And they did mighty deeds in Ephrathah, and called its name ‘Bethlehem’.
May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah. And may the Lord give to you offspring from this woman. So Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife. And he went in to her and the Lord was favorable to her and she conceived and bore a son. The women said to Naomi: Blessed is the Lord who has not left you without a redeemer today, and you will call his name in Israel.
And he will be a comforter to you and a provider for your city, for your daughter-in-law who loves you has borne him — she who is better in your eyes than seven sons. Naomi took the child and laid him on her bosom. And she was a nurse to him.
And her neighbor women said: A son has been born to Naomi. And they called his name Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David. And these are the descendants of Perez. Perez begat Hezron. Hezron begat Aram. Aram begat Amminadab.
Amminadab begat Nachshon. Nachshon begat Shelah.
1 2
‘And … wife’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth. Or ‘relatives’.
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ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ ܟ
ܶܘܐ ܰܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܠ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܶܒܐ ܰܘ ݂ ܽ ܗܕܝܢ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐܰ ݁ :ܕ ܺ ܠܟܠܶܗ ܥܰ ܳܡܐܰ :ܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܽܬܘܢ ܳܣ ݁ ܺ ܝܬ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡـܐ ܩܢ ݂ ܠܟܽ ݂ : �ܝـܘܢ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܰ ܠܟ ܽ ܠܡ ܽ ܐܝܬ ̱ܗ ܳܘܐ ܶ� ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁ �ܝـܘܢ ܶܡـܢ ܘܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܺܕ ݂ ݂ ܺܺܕ ݂ ܐ ݂ ܳܝܕ ܐ ݂ܕ ܰܢ ܺ ܥܡܝ. ܰ ݁ܶ ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܶ ـܬ ݂ ܳܬܐܰ :ܠ ܳ ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܬ ݂ܬ ܰܡ ܽ ܡܩ ܽܡـܘ �ܝܘܢ ܢܣ ݂ܒ ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ܐܢ ̱ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܝܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ܐ ܰܚ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ ܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂ ܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܗ :ܕ� ܢܬܛܥܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܘܟܪ ܢܗ ܕܡ ݂ ܰ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܘܡܢ ܰܫ ݁ܪܒ ݂ܬܗ :ܐܢ̱ܬܘܢ ܣ ݁ ܗܕܝܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܰ ܰ ܳ ̈ܶ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܺ ܗܕܝܢ ܚ ܰܢܢܽ ܰ ݂ . ܘܗܝ: ܘܥܢܘ ܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܘܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܒ ݂ܬ ܳܪܥܐ ݂ܕܩܪ ݂ ܘܒ ݂ܪܟ ̱ ܝܬܐ ܳܘܐܡܪ ܰܝܢܳ :ܣ ݁ ܺ ̱ ܶ ܶ ݁ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܩܕܡ ݁ ܐܝـܟ �ܝـܐ: ܝـܟ ܪܚ ܝـܟ :ܐ ܪ�ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ ܐܡܪ ̱ܘ ܠܗ :ܢܥܒ ݂ܕ ܡ ܝـܠ ܘ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܰ̈ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܰ ̈ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܐܦ ݂ܪܬܐܰ :ܘܩـ ܰ�ܝ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܗܢܝܢ ܬ�ܬܝܗܝܢ ܒܢܝ ܒܝܬܐ � ܥܒ ݂ܕ ̱ܝ ܚ�� ݂ܒ ݂ ܝܣܪܐܝܠ :ܘ ݂ ܳ ܝܬ ܶ ܠܚܡ. ܫܡ ̇ܗ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ܰ ݀ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ـܬܠ ܳܠـ ݂ܟ ܘܢܗܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬ ݂ܟ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ܒܝܬܗ ܕ ݂ܦܪܨ :ܗܘ ܕܝ�ܕ ݂ܬ ܬܡܪ ܠܝـܗ ݂ܘܕ ܐ .ܘܢ ܰ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ܰܙ ܳ ܳܡ ܳ ܪܥܐ ܶܡܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ. ܣܒ ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܠ ܽ ܗܘ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ :ܘܥܰܠ ܳ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܰܘ ܳ ܘ ܰܢ ݁ ܳ �ܘ ݂ ܳܬ ̇ܗ .ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܡ ܳ ܪ�ـܐ ݂ܶ ܛܢ ݂ ݀ ܘܒ ܰ ܬ ܘܝ ܶ ݁ ܰ �ܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ. ܽ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ـܝ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ �ܢ ܺ ܘܥـܐ ܝܰ ܳ ܳܘܐܡ ܳ�ܢ ܢܶ ̈ܶܫܐ ܰ ܘܡ ܳܢـܐ: ܝـܟ ̱ܗܘ ܡ ܥܡـܝ݁ :ܒ ܺܪ ݂ ܪ�ـܐ ݂ܕ� ܐܥܢܶ ݂ـܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ ܶ ݁ܺ ܳܶ ݂ܘܬܶ ܶ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ. ܩܪܝܢ ܫܡܗ ܒ ܽ ݁ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܳܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܘܢܶ ܶ ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰ ܡܒ ܳܝ ܳܐܢܐ ܰ ـܝ ܡܬܪܣ�ܢـܐ ܠ ݂ ـܝܶ .ܡܛـܠ ܕ ݂ܟ ݂ �ܢ ݂ܦ ܶܫ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶ :ܘ ݂ ܠܬ ݂ܟ ̱ ܡܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ ܶ ܺ ܺ ݁ܰ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܝܺܠ ܶ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܗܳ :ܗܝ ݁ܕܛ ݁ ܰ ܐܒ ݂ ݀ ܕܐܚ ݂ܒ ܬ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝܪ ܶܡܢ ܰܫ ݂ܒ ܳܥܐ ݂ܒܢ̈ܝܢ. ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ܰ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ݁ ܳ ܺ ܳ ܠܬܗ ܰܢ ܺ ܡܬܗ ݁ܒ ܰܚ ܳܢ ̇ܗܰ :ܘ ܳ ܝܬܐ. ܥܡܝ ܠܛ�ܝܐ ܘܣ ܘܫܩ ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶܠܗ ܡܪ ܒ�ܢ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܺ ܽ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ̈ ܳ �ܢ ܺ ܶܘ ܰ ܬ ̇ܗ ܶܐ ݂ ܺܬܝܠ ܶ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰ ـܘܗܝ ܥܡܝܰ :ܘܩ ܰ�ܝ ܫܡܗ ܥ ݂ܘܒ ݂ܝܕ :ܗ ܐܡ� ̱ܝ ݂ ܫܒ ݂ܒ ݂ ܘܝܘ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̱ ݁ܺ ܰ ܰ ܘܗܝ ݁ܕ݂ ܰܕ ܺܘ ݂ܝܕ. ܕ ܐܝܫܝ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ̱ ܘܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ ܰܬܘ ̈� ݂ ܳܕܬܶܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܰܦܪܨܰ ݁ :ܦܪܨ ܰܐ ܶ ܳ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܶ ܠܚ ܽܨܪܘܢ. ݂ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܳܪܡܳ :ܐ ܳܪܡ ܰܐ ܶ ܶܚ ܽܨܪܘܢ ܰܐ ܶ ܘܠ ݂ܕ �ܥܰ ܺܡ ܳܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܒ. ܶܳ ܚܫܘܢ ܰܐ ܶ ܥܰ ܺܡ ܳܝ� ݂ ܳܕ ݂ܒ ܰܐ ܶ ܘܠ ݂ܕ ܰ ܚܫܘܢܰ :ܢ ܽ �ܢ ܽ ܠܫ�. ܘܠ ݂ܕ
Ruth Ch.
Chapter
Boaz went up and sat at the gate of the city. And behold, the redeemer of whom Boaz had spoken was passing by. And he said to him: Come, sit here. Then he said to him: What is it? and he sat by him.
He selected 1 ten men from the elders of the city and he had them sit by him. And he said to the redeemer of inheritance: Naomi has sold to me the portion of field belonging to our relative 2 Elimelech.
I determined 3 that I would reveal it and make it known to you. And I say to you, you purchase it before these sitting here. But I declare my intention to speak and to purchase it before these elders of my people who are sitting here. And now, if you will redeem, redeem. And if you will not redeem, tell me, and I will know that you are not a redeemer, and I will redeem. And he said: I will redeem. Boaz said: On the day that you purchase the field from Naomi and from Ruth the Moabite woman, the wife of the man 4 who died, acquire it so that you raise up the name of the dead man over his inheritance.
The redeemer said: I am not able to redeem lest I ruin my inheritance. You redeem it; because of my own lack of confidence 5 I am not able to redeem it.
Now this was the custom formerly among the Israelites to confirm an exchange of redemption: a man removed his shoe and gave it to the other. 6 This was the testimony in Israel. The redeemer said to Boaz: Acquire it for yourself and he removed (his shoe) from his feet.
‘selected’: lit. ‘selected for himself’. Or ‘our brother’. 3 ‘determined’: lit. ‘said’. 4 ‘the man’: lit. ‘he’. 5 ‘my own lack of confidence’: lit. ‘the deficiency of my faith’. 6 ‘the other’: lit. ‘his companion’. 1 2
ܪܥܘܬ
ܰܶ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܶܩ ݂ܦ� ܳܘܢ :ܕ. ܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܺ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ـܪܬܐ ܳܥ ݂ ܰܒـܪܰ :ܗܘ ܘܗܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܥܝ ܡܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ: ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܥܠ ܬܪܥـܐ ܳ ݂ܕ ܶ ݂ ܘܣܠܩ ܒܥܙ :ܘ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܘܗܝ ݁ ܳܒܥܙܶ :ܘ ܰ ݁ ܶܕ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܠـܗ ݁ܬܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ݁ܪܟـܐܽ :ܗܘ ݂ ܶܕܝـܢ ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܠـܗ ܳܡ ܰܢـܘ: ܐܡܪ ܥܠ ̱ܶ ܺ ܶ ܝܬ ݂ܒ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ. ܘ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܶ ܳ ̈ܶ ܰ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ :ܘ ܐܘܬ ݂ܒ ܐ ܽܢܘܢ �ܘ ݂ܬܗ. ܘ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܐ ܠܗ ܥܣܪ ܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒ�ܝܢ :ܡܢ ܣ ݂ܒܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܬ ܺܠܝ ܰܢ ܺ ܶܘ ܰ ܠܟ ܰܙ ݁ܒ ܰܢ ݂ ݀ ܩ� ݂ ܰܕ ܽܐܚܘܢ ܶܐ ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܠܬ ݂ܒܥ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ :ܦܠܓ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܕܚ ܥܡܝ. ܐܡܪ ݂ ܶܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܶܐ ܶ ܐܡܪ ܳܠ ݂ܟ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܐܘܕ ܳܥ ݂ܟܺ :ܘ ܰ ܩܢܝ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳ ܐܓ ܶ� ܰܘ ݁ ܩܕܡ ܳܗ ܶܠܝܢ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝܢܶ :ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܡܪ ݂ܬ ݁ ܶܕ ݂ ܶ ܝܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦܫ ̱ܝ ܺ ܐܡܪ ܰܘ ܶ ܠܡ ܳ ܠܡ ܰ ܩܢܐ ݂ ܳ ܡـܝ ݁ܕܝܳ ݂ܬ ݁ ܺܒܝـܢ. ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ ݂ܕ ܰܚ ܺܘ ݂ ܩܕ ܳܡ ܳܗ ܶܠܝـܢ ܳܣ ݂ ̈ܒܶـܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ̱ ܳ ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ܶܐܢ ܽܗܘ ݂ܕ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܰܐ̱ ݁ܢܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥܶ .ܘܐܢ ܳ� ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܳ ـܬ :ܐ ܰܡـܪ ܺܠـܝܶ :ܘ ݁ ܰܐܕܥ ݁ܕ� ܶ ܳ ܳ ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ݁ܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ ܘܥܐܶ :ܘ ܳܐܢܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܶ .ܘ ܰ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݁ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ. ܶ ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܩ� ܶܡܢ ܰܢ ܺ ܥܡܝ ܘܡܢ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒ ܘܐܡܪ ܒܥܙ :ܒܝܘܡܐ ݂ܕܙ ݂ܒܢ ܐܢ̱ܬ ܚ ܝܬܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܗ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ ܝܬܺ : ܩܢܝ ݂ ܰ ܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܝܪܬ ݂ܘܬܗ. ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ܺܩܝܡ ܫܡܗ ܕܡ ݂ ݁ܕ ܰܗܘ ݁ܕ ܺܡ ݂ ܳ ݁ܽ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܪܬ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ݁ .ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܬ: ܠܡܐ ܐ ܰܚ ݁ ܶܒܠ ܝ ܘܐܡܪ ܬ ݂ܒܘܥܐ � :ܡܫܟܚ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬܒܥ :ܕ ܶܡ ܽܛܠ ܰܚ ܺܣ ܽ ܰ ܝܪ ݂ܘܬ ܰܗ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܝܠܝ ݁ܕ ܳ� ܶܡ ݁ ܫܟܚ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܐܬ ݁ܒܥ. ܝܡ ܽܢ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܺܕ ̱ ܽ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܳܶ ܰ ܳ ܥܬܐܳ :ܗܐ ܽܩ ݂ܘܕ ܰܡ ݂ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܢ̈ܝ ܺܐ ܳ ܥܬܐ ܰܠ ܳ ܡܩ ܽܡܘ: ܝܣܪܐܝܶܠ :ܘܫܘܚ� ݂ܦܐ ܳ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܒ ݂ ܘܗ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܺ ܳ ܽ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܳܫ ܶܪ ܐ ݂ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܡܣܢܗ :ܘܝܳܗ ݂ܒ ܰ ܠܚ ݂ܒܪܗ .ܘܗ݂ܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܣ ݁ ܗܕ ݂ܘܬܐ ݂ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܶܠ. ܶ ܰ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܰܗܘ ݁ ܳܬ ݂ ܽܒ ܳ ܠܒ ܳܥܙܺ : ܘܥܐ ݂ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܩܢܝ ܰ ܘܗܝ. �ܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫ ݂ܟܰ :ܘܫܪ ܐ ܶܡܢ � ݂ܓܠ ̱
Ruth Ch.
Now, my daughter, do not be afraid, for all that you say to me I will do for you. For all the family of our people knows that you are a woman of consequence. Now, it is true I am a redeemer of inheritance. But there is another redeemer of inheritance who is nearer than I.
Now, stay today and spend the night until early morning. In the morning, if he will redeem for you, fine, let him redeem. But if he is not willing to redeem for you, as the Lord lives I will redeem for you. And he said to her: Lie down until the morning.
She lay at his feet until early morning and she arose in the morning while it was dark before a person could recognize his companion. And she said to him: 1 Let no one know that I have come down to you at the threshing floor. Boaz said to her: Spread out your cloak. And she spread it out, and he measured out and gave six measures of barley to her. He lifted it on her and she took it and went to the city.
Then she came to her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law said to her: Who are you, my daughter? She said to her: I am Ruth! And she told her all that Boaz had done for her, And that he had given to her six measures of barley, and that he had said to her: Do not go to your mother-in-law empty-handed.
Her mother-in-law said to her: Stay, my daughter, until you see (what will happen). For the man will not rest until he brings about justice for himself today.
1
‘And she said to him’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth.
ܪܥܘܬ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ ܝܚ
ܘܗ ܳܫܐ ݂ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܳ� ݂ܬ݂ܶܕܚܠܺܝܢܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܽܟܠ ݁ܕ ݂ ܺܬ ܺ ܳ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܺܠܝ ܶܐ ݁ ܶ ـܝ .ܝܳ ݂ܕ ܳܥـܐ ܥܒ ݂ـܕ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܰ ݁ ܳ ܬܐ ݂ܕܥܰ ܰܡܢܰ ݁ :ܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܕ ܽܥ ܳ ܘܫܢܐ. ݂ܓܝܪ ܟ�ܗ ܫܪܒ ݂ ܺ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܶܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܽ ܳ ܚܪ ܳܢـܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒـܥ ܘܗܫܐ ݂ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܐܢܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ݂ܬ ݂ܒـܥ ܝ ـܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ݁ :ܒـ ܰܪܡ ݁ ܶܕܝـܢ ܐ ݂ ܝـܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܐ̱ ܽ ܳ ܺ ܢܝ. ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ݁ :ܕ ܽܗܘ ܰܩ ܺܪ ݂ܝܒ ܝܰ ݁ܬܝܪ ܶܡ ̱ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܰ ܘܒ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ܕ ܳܢܓ ܳܗܐ .ܘܢܶ ܶ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܽ ܬܪ ̱ܝ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܗܫܐ ݂ܟ ـܝܰ :ܫ ݁ ܺܦܝـܪ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ܶ :ܐܢ ݁ܶܬ ݂ܒܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܶ .ܘܐܢ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ � ܢܶ ݁ ܶ ـܝܶ .ܘ ܰ ܨܒܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܥ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܰ :ܚـܝ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ܪ�ـܐ ܐ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ݂ܬ ݁ܒܥ ݂ܟ ̱ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܰܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ܕ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ. ܳ �ܘܬ ܶ�ܓܠ ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܓ ܰܗ ݂ܬ݀ܳ : ܘ݂ ܶܕܡ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝ ݂ ܰ ܬ ݁ܒ ܰܨ ݂ܦ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܥܰ ܽܡܘܛ :ܥܰ ݂ܕ � ܬ ݂ܳ ̱ ݂ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܚܬ ݂ܬ ܳ �ܘ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ. ܐ̱ ܳܢܫ ܶ� ݁ ܰܕܥ ܠܚ ݂ܒܪܗ :ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠܗ :ܕ� ܐ̱ܢܫ �ܕܥ ܕܢ ܽ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܘܛܟܝܶ : ܬܰ :ܘ ݁ ܺܐܟܝܠ ܰܐ ܺ ܪܣ ݂ ݀ ܘܦ ܰ ܪܡـܝ ܳ� ̇ ܐ ܰܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ݁ :ܦ ܽܪ ܫـܬܐ ـܗ ܘܣܝ ܰܡܪܛ ݂ ̱ ݂ ̱ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ݀ ܰ ܺ ܳ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܝܠܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐܰ :ܘ ܺܐܪܝܡ ܥܠ ܶ ̇ ܡܕܝܢ̱ ݁ܬܐ. ܝܗ :ܘܫܩܠ ݂ܬ ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܳ̇ ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ ܰܡܢ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝܳ .ܐ ܳ ܬ ܳ ܘܥܶܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܡܪ ܐ ܳ� ̇ܗ :ܐ ܳܢܐ �ܘ ݂ܬ ܚܡ ݂ܬܗ :ܐܡܪ ܐ �ܗ ܚܡ ݂ ̱ ܐ ܳܢܐ ܽ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬܶ :ܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ ܥܒ ݂ܕ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ. ̱ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܳ ̇ ݁ܳ ܫܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ̈ܝܠܺܝܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ܕ ܳ� ݂ܬܥܠܺܝܢ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐܶ ݂ : ܘܕ ܰ ـܝ �ـܘ ݂ܬ ܰܘ݂ܕܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ �ܗ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ ܺ ܺ ܝܬ. ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ ܚܙܝـܢܶ �ܳ :ܓܝـܪ ܳܫ ܶـ� ܰܓ ݂ܒ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ݁ :ܬܶ ݂ܒ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰ ݂ـܕ ݁ܬܶ ܶ ـܪ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡـܐ ܐܡܪ ܐ �ܗ ܚܡ ݂ ݂ ݂ ݂ ܰܕ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܡܩ ܶܪ ݂ܒ ܶܠܗ ݁ ܺܕܝܢܐ ܝܰܘܡܢܐ.
Ruth Ch.
Chapter
Ruth lived with her mother-in-law and Naomi said to her: My daughter, shall I not seek a resting place for you that it will be well for you? Now behold, Boaz is our relative. He is the one 1 with whose servant girls you were, and behold, on this night he is heaping up barley at the threshing floor. Wash now, and anoint yourself, and dress in attractive clothing 2 and go down to the threshing floor. But do not be seen by him until he eats and drinks.
It will be that when he lies down to sleep, you will pay attention to the place where he is lying. And you will go near and you will lie down at his feet and he will tell you what you should do. 3 She said to her: All that you say to me I will do.
Then she went down to the threshing floor and did all that her mother-in-law had instructed. 4
When Boaz ate and drank and his heart was glad, he went and lay down at the edge of the threshing floor. And in the sweetness of sleep when he was lying at the threshing floor, she came in secret and lifted the edge of his cloak and fell at his feet.
In the middle of the night, the man was awakened from his sleep and was startled when he saw a woman lying at his feet.
And he said to her: Who are you? And she said to him: I am Ruth, your maidservant. Only cover your maidservant with the edge of your cloak for you are a redeemer of inheritance. Boaz said to her: Blessed are you by God my daughter, for your latter kindness you have shown is better than the former, in that you have not gone after the young men whether rich or poor.
‘He is the one’: lit. ‘It is he’. ‘dress in attractive clothing’: lit. ‘be pleasing in your clothing’. 3 Alternatively, ‘he will say to you: What are you doing?’. 4 ‘instructed’: lit. ‘commanded her’. 1 2
ܪܥܘܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ
ܓ.
ܳ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܬ ܽ ܬ ̇ܗܶ :ܘ ܰ ـܗ ܰܢ ܺ ܘܝ ܶ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ݀ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ ـܝ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܥܰܡ ܚܡ ݂ ܥܡـܝ݁ :ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ � :ܐ ݂ܒܥܶـܐ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ ܰ ܳܢܝ ܳܚܐ ܘܢܶܛ ݂ܐܒ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܰ ̈ܳ ܶ ܰ ܘܗܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥــܙ ܰܡ ݁ ܽ ܬܗܳ : ܗܘܝـ ݁ ܳ ـܘܡܬܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘܰ :ܗܘ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܘܗܐ ݂ܒ ܳܗ ܳܢــܐ ـܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰــܡ ܥ�ܝܡ ـ ݂ ܚܟـ ݂ ܶ �ܝܐ ܐ݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܺܠ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐ ݂ ܳܟ ܶܫܐ. ܶ ܳ ـܘܚܝܶ :ܘܐܨ ܰܛ ݁ ݇ܒ ـ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ ܽ �ܒ ـ ̈ܘ ܰܫ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝܽ : ܣܚــܝ ܳܗ ݂ ܺܟܝــܠ ܰܘ ܽ ܳ ـܘܬ ̱ܝ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ :ܘ� ܡܫـ ̱ ܘܚـ ݂ ܳ ܶ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܬ ܶ ܚܙܝܢ ܶܠܗܰ ݂ : ܘܫ ݂ܬܐ. ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ܳ�ܥܶܣ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܽ ݁ ܳ ܗܘܐ ܳܡـܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡـ ݂ܟ݁ :ܬ ܺܣ ܺ ܘܢܶ ܶ ـܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܳܕ ܶܡـ ݂ܟ ݁ ܳܒـ ̇ܗ݂ .ܘܬܶܩ ݂ ܺ ܪܒܝـܢ ܝܡܝـܢ ݂ ـܝ ܒ ݂ܕܘܟ ݂ ܠܒܠ ݂ܟ ̱ ܶ ܘܬܶܕܡ ܺܟܝܢ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܘܗܝܽ : ܘܗܘ ܺܢ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬ ݁ܥܒ ݂ ܺܕܝܢ. ݂݂ ݂ �ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗܽ ݁ :ܟܠ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܳܕ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܺܠܝܶ :ܐ ݁ ܶ ܥܒ ݂ܕ. ܶ ݁ܰ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ̇ ܳ ܳ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ. ܚܬ ݂ܬ݀ �݁ܕ ܳܪ ܐ :ܘܥ ܶ ݂ܒ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ ݀ ݁ ܽܟܠ ܡܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦܩ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܗ ܘܢ ܶ ܶ ܳ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ݂ܰ ـܬܝܰ :ܘܛ ـܐ ݂ܒ ܶܠ ݁ ܶܒــܗܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ܶܡ ـ ݂ܟ ݁ܒ ܰ ݂ܓ ݁ ܶܒــܗ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ܐܕ ܳܪ ܐ: ܘܟ ـ ݂ܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܟ ـܠ ܒܥــܙ ܘܐܫـ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܠܟ ݂ ܳ ܬ ݂ܶ ܘܫܝܐܰ :ܘܓܠܳـ ݂ ݀ ܢܬܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܕ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ݁ ܶܒ ݁ܐܕ ܳܪ ܐܶ :ܐ ݂ ܳܬ ݂ܬ݀ ܺܗܝ ݂ܒ ܽܛ ܳ ܢܦـܐ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰܡܽܚ ܶ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܫ ݂ ݂ ܬ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݂ܕ ܰܡܪܛܘܛܗ :ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܗܝ. �ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ݁ ܺ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܚܙ ܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ ܳܬܐ ݂ܕ݂ ܰܕ ݁ ܳ ܢܬܗܰ :ܘ ݂ܬ ܰܘܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ ܡܟܐ ܘܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܦܠܓܗ ܕܠ�ܝܐ :ܢ ݂ܕ ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܡܢ ܫ ݂ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܘܗܝ. �ܘ ݂ܬ � ݂ܓܠ ̱ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶܳ ܳ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܡܬ ݂ܟ ܡܬ ݂ܟ :ܐ� ݂ܟܣܐ � ݂ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܳܽܡܐ ܳ ܛ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ :ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠܗ :ܐܢ ܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܐ ܪܥ ܽ ݂ܘܬ ܳ ܐ ݂ ܽ ݁ܒ ݂ ܶܟ ݂ ܳ ܢܦܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡܪܛܘܛ ݂ܟܶ :ܡܛܠ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰܒܥ ܝܳ ݁ܪܬ ݂ܘܬܐ. ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ݁ .ܒ ܺܪ ݂ ܳ ܝܟܐ ܰܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܳܠ ܳܗܐ ݂ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝܶ :ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶܐܛ ݂ܐܒ ݁ ܶܘ ܰ ـܬ ̱ܝ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ ـܝ ܣܕ ݂ܟ ̱ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܶܰ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ̈ ܶ ܰ ݁ܺ ܬ ܺܝܪܝܢ ܰܐܘ ݁ܕ ܶܡ ݁ ܺ ܣܟ ܺܢܝܢ. ܐ̱ܚܪ�ܐ ܛ ݂ܒ ܡܢ ܩ ݂ܕܡܝܐ :ܕ� ܐ ܙܠܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܥ�ܝܡܐ ݂ܕܥ
Ruth Ch. II
Naomi said to her daughter-in-law: Blessed is the Lord who has not removed his favor from the living and from the dead. And Naomi said to her: The man is our relative and one of our redeemers.
And Ruth said to her mother-in-law: He said to me further, ‘Stay close to my servants until all the harvest is finished’.
Naomi said to Ruth her daughter-in-law: Happy are you my daughter, since you have stayed close to his servant girls and no man has harmed you in a field which you do not know. So she 1 stayed close to the maidservants of Boaz in order to glean until the harvests 2 of barley and that of wheat were complete.
1 The form is second person feminine singular, but the third person makes more sense. 2 The noun is singular, but there are two different harvests in view.
ܪܥܘܬ ܨܚ ܒ ܟ ܟܐ ܟܒ ܟܓ
ܰ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܰܢ ܺ ܣܕܗ ܶܡܢ ܰܚ ̈ܝܶـܐ ܶ ܪ�ܐ ݂ܕ ܳ� ܰܐ ݁ ܰ ܥܒܪ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ ܠܬ ̇ܗ݁ :ܒ ܺܪ ݂ܝܟ ܽ ̱ܗܘ ܳܡ ܳ ܘܡـܢ ܥܡܝ ܠ ݂ܟ ݂ ܺ ̈ ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܘܡܢ ݁ܬ ݂ ̈ܒܥܰܝ ܥ ܳܝ ݁ܪܬܢ ܽ ̱ܗܘ. ܡܝ ݂ܬܐ .ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ � ̇ܗ ܢܥܡܝ :ܩܪ ݂ܝܒܢ ̱ܗܘ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ: ܽ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗܶ :ܘ ܰ ܩܝ �ܥܰ ݂ ̈ܒ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܥ ݂ ܰܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶ ݂ܓ ܰܡـܪ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܠܚܡ ݂ ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ݂ܬ ݂ܘܒܰ ݁ :ܕ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܒ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܽܟܠܗ. ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܽ ݁ܰ ܳ ܘܒ ݁ܝܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒـ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܰܕ݂ܕ ݂ ܶܒ ݁ ܠܬ ̇ܗܽ :ܛ ݂ ܰ ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܰܠܥ ܰ� ̈ܝ ܳܡـ ݂ܬܗ: ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܢܥܡܝ ܠܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܟ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܳܘ� ܐ ܳܢܫ ܰܐ ܶ ݁ ܺ ܰ ܗܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩ� ݂ܕ� ܝ ݂ܕܥܬ ̱ܝ. ̱ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܚܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܠܡ ܰ ܶܐ ܳ� ܶܢܩ ݂ܦ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ � ̈ܡ ܳܗ ݂ܬܗ ݁ܕ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܶ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕܢܶܫܠܰܡ ܳ �ܩܛܰ ݂ : ܣ� ܶ� ܐ ܰܘ݂ܕ ̈ܚܛܐ.
Ruth Ch.
Boaz said to her: It was fully told to me what you did for your mother-in-law after your husband died: that you left your father and your mother and your family, and you came to a people you did not know formerly.
May the Lord, the God of Israel, repay you and may he grant you recompense — the God 1 under whose wings you have come to take refuge.
She said to him: Because I have found compassion in your eyes, my lord, and you have comforted me and spoken kindly to your maidservant, then I will be like one of your handmaids.
Boaz said to her at the time of the meal: Come and eat some bread. And he had her sit by the side of the reapers and he gave to her barley porridge and dipped the bread in milk. And he provided pieces of crushed grain and gave it to her and she ate and was satisfied and had some left over. Then she got up to glean, and Boaz commanded his workers and he said: Let her glean among the sheaves and do not molest her.
Gather 2 for her also among the sheaves, and leave her alone to glean and do not molest her. And she gleaned in the field until the evening and she beat them out and found in them about a full measure of barley.
Then she weighed them and went to the city. And she showed her mother-in-law the grain 3 which she had gleaned. And she gave to her from what she had eaten and had some left over.
Her mother-in-law said to her: Where were you gleaning today? Blessed be the place where you were, and he in whose eyes you found compassion. And she told her mother-in-law where she had been and she said to her: Boaz is the name of the man in whose field I was gleaning today.
‘the God’: lit. ‘that one’. The verbs in this verse could be treated as 3rd plural perfect forms giving the translation, ‘they gathered for her also among the sheaves, and they left her alone to glean and did not molest her’. 3 ‘grain’: lit. ‘gleanings’. 1 2
ܪܥܘܬ ܝܐ
ܝܒ ܝܓ ܝܕ
ܝܗ ܝܘ ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ
ܳ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܬ ܳ ܐܡ ܽܪܘ ܶܐ ݂ܬܶ ܰ ـܕܡ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܰ ܐܡܪ ܺܠܝ ܶܡ ݁ ܶ ـܝ ܶܡـܢ ܥܒـ ݁ܕ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ ܥܰـܡ ܐܡܪ �ܗ ܒܥܙ :ܡ ݂ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ـܘܟ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ܶ ـܝܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܫܒ ݁ ܝܬ ݁ ܰܒܥܠ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ ܰ ـܝ ܰ ܝـܬ ̱ܝ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ݁ܕ ܺܡ ܩـܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ ܽܒ ݂ ݂ ܘܫ ݁ܪܒ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ ̱ ܐܡ ݂ܟ ̱ ܶ ܳ ܠܝ ܶ ܘܡܢ ܳ ܠܝ. ܡܢ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱ �ܥܰ ܳܡܐ ݂ܕ� ܝܳ ݂ܕ ܳܥܐ ̱ܗ ܰܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܶܡܢ ܐ ݂ܬ ܳܡ ̱ ܰ ݁ܶ ܰ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ــܗܐ ݂ ܺܕܐ ܳ ܐܬ ݁ ܪ�ــܐ ܰܐ ܳܠ ܳ ــܝ ܳܡ ܳ ܝــܬ ̱ܝ ܝܣܪܐܝܶــܠ :ܘܢ ــܬܠ ܐ ݂ܓ ܶܪ ݂ܟ ̱ ܢܶ ݂ܦܪܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܳ ــܝ ܗܘ ܕ ݂ ܶ ݁ܰ ܣܬ ݁ܬ ܽܪܘ ܬ ܶܚ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܘܗܝ. ܠܡ ݂ ܝܬ ݁ܟܢ̈ ݂ܦ ̱ ܰ ܰ ݁ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ܬ ܰ� ܶ ܐܬܢـ ̱ܝ ܰܘܡܠ ܰ ݁ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ ܝـܬ ܝـܟ ܳܡـܪ ̱ܝ݂ :ܘܒܝ ܳ ܶ ܰ̈ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ ݁ ܳ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܰ ܚܕ ܐ ܡܢ ܐܡܗ ݂ܬ ݂ܟ. ܐܡܬ ݂ܟ :ܘܐܢܐ ܐܗܘܐ ܐ ݂ܝܟ ݂ ܒ�ܒ ̇ܗ ܕ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ ܶ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܘܬܐܽ : ـܝ ܰܘ ݂ ܽܐܟـܘܠ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܠ ܳ ܚܡـܐܰ :ܘ ݁ ܐܘܬ ݂ ܳܒ ̇ ـܗ ܩܪ ݂ܘܒ ̱ ܘܐܡܪ � ̇ܗ ܒܥܙ ܒ�ܕ ܢܐ ݂ܕܫܪ ݂ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܰ �ܒܐ :ܘܐܪܡܝ ܝܬܐ :ܘ ݂ܨܒܥ ܠܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰܚ ݂ ܶܥܰܠ ݁ ܶܓܢ̱ ݂ܒ ܳܚ ܽܨ ̈ܘ݂ ܶܕ ܐ :ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܰܫܚܬ ݂ ̈ ݁ܶ ܰ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܬ ܶ ܬܐ .ܘܝܰ ̱ܗ ݂ܒ ܳ� ̇ܗܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܟܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܘܣ ݂ܒܥܰ ݂ ݀ ܬ ܰܘ ݁ ܐܘܬ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀. ݂ܦܬܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܦ� ݂ܝܟ ݂ ܶ ܐܡـܪ݁ :ܬ ܽ ̈ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܠܡ ܰ ܬ ܶ ܘܗܝܶ :ܘ ܰ ܘܩ ܰܡ ݂ ݀ ـܬ ܠܩـܘܛ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ �ܩܛ݂ :ܘܦܩ ݂ܕ ݁ ܳܒܥܙ �ܥܰ ݂ܒـ ݁ ܰܕ ̱ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ̈ܶܦܐ ܳܘ� ܰܬ ܽ ܗܪ ܳܘܢ ̇ܗ. ݂ ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܩܛܐ :ܘ� ܬ ܽ ܘܚܠܶܨ ̱ܘ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܐ ݂ܦ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳܝܢ ݂ܬ ݁ ܰܟ ݁ ̈ܦܐܽ . ܰ ܘܫ ݂ܘܒ ܽܩ ̇ ܗܪ ܳܘܢ ̇ܗ. ܘܗ ܠ ݂ ܰ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ܰ ܘܚ ݁ܒ ܰܛ ݂ ݀ ܐܫܟ ܰܚ ݂ ݀ �ܪ ܳ ܡܫܐܰ : ܬ ܶܐܢܶܝܢܶ :ܘ ݁ ܩ� ݂ ܰ ܘܗܘ ݂ܬ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒܚ ܝـܟ ܬ ݁ܒ ܶܗܝܢ ܐ ݂ ܶ ܡ� ݂ ܰܟ ܳܝ� ݂ ܰܕ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐ. ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܺ ݁ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܩܛـ ݂ ݀ ܬ: ܠܩܛـܐ ݂ܕܠ ـܬ ̇ܗ ܬ ܐܢܶܝܢ ܘܥܠ ݂ܬ ܠ ݂ ܘܫܩܠ ݂ ܡܕܝܢ̱ـܬܐ :ܘܚـܘܝ ݂ܬ ܠܚܡ ݂ ܶ ܳ ܐܘܬ ܰܪ ݂ܬ݀. ܶ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݀ ݀ ܰ ܘܝܶܗ ݁ ܰܒ ݂ܬ � ̇ܗ ܡܢ ܗܘ ܡܐ ݂ܕܠܥܣ ݂ܬ ܘ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܶܘ ܰ ܝـܬ ̱ܝ ܢܶ ܶ ܗܘ ݁ ܐܬܪ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ـܗܘܐ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ :ܐܝܟܐ ܠܩܛܐ ̱ܗܘܝـܬ ̱ܝ ܝܘܡܢـܐ :ܘ ݂ ܰ ܶ ݁ܰ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܳ ܳ ـܬ ̇ܗ ܐ ݁ ܳ ܘܗܘ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ ܚܬ ̱ܝ ܰ� ܶ ܐܫܟ ݁ ݂ܒ ܺܪ ݂ܝܟܰ : ܝܟـܐ ܘܗܝ .ܘܐܫܬܥܝ ݂ܬ ܠܚܡ ݂ ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱ ܳ ܳ ݀ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܝܬ ݁ܒ ܰܚܩܠܶܗ ܝܰ ܳ ܘܡ ܳܢܐ. ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܠܩܛܐ ̱ܗ ܺܘ ݂ ܗܘ ݂ܬ :ܘܐܡܪ ܐ � ̇ܗ݁ :ܒܥܙ ܫܡܗ ܰ ݂
Ruth Ch.
Chapter
Now Naomi had a kinsman 1 from the family of Elimelech her husband, a prominent man, 2 and his name was Boaz.
Ruth the Moabite woman said to Naomi her mother-in-law: I will go to the field and I will gather 3 gleanings after the workers in whose eyes I find compassion. And her mother-in-law said to her: Go, my daughter.
So Ruth went to gather gleanings after the reapers. And she happened upon the portion of the field belonging to 4 Boaz, son of the family of Elimelech.
And behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem. And he said to the reapers: Peace be with you! and they said to him: May the Lord bless you! Boaz said to the young man who was in charge of the workers: What is the story of this young woman?
And the young man answered and said to him: The woman is a Moabite woman. It is she who came with Naomi from the land of Moab. She said: ‘Let me gather gleanings after the workers’. And she has gleaned from the early morning until the time of rest.
Then Boaz said to Ruth: My daughter, have you not heard the proverb that ‘in the field which does not belong to you, do not glean’? Therefore, remain and stay the night here with my young women. See where they are reaping and go after them. Behold, I have commanded the young men so that no one will harm you. And if you are thirsty, go and drink from the jars that the young men fill. She fell on her face upon the ground and bowed down to him. And she said: Is it because I have found compassion in your eyes that you notice me, since I am a foreigner?
‘kinsman’: lit. ‘acquaintance’. ‘a prominent man’: see Introduction, Addendum 1. Ruth. 3 ‘gather’: lit. ‘glean’. So also Ruth 2:3. 4 ‘belonging to’: lit. ‘of’. 1 2
ܪܥܘܬ
ܶ ܶܩ ݂ ܰܦ� ܳܘܢ:
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܛ
ܝ
ܒ.
ܰ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܠܟ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ ܬܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܺ ܐܠܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܥ� ̇ܗ: ܘ�ܢ ܥܬܐ :ܡܢ ܫܪܒ ݂ ܝܬ ̱ܗܘܐ ݂ܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܚ ݂ܕ ܡܘܕ ݂ ܥܡܝ ܐ ݂ ܫܡܗ ݁ ܳܒܥܙܳ. ܳ ܳ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒܪ ܐ ܺܝ ݂ ܺܕܝܥܐܰ :ܘ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܽ ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܩ�ܶ :ܘ ܽ �ܢ ܺ ܝܬܐ ܰ ܠܩܛـܐ ܐܠܩـܘܛ ܚܡ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܐ ܰܙܠ ܠܚ ܥܡܝ ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ـܘܗܝܶ .ܘ ܰ ܬܪ ݁ ܳܦ ̈� ܶ� ݂ܕ ܰܡܢ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ܰ ܐܫܟܚ � ܶ ـܗ ܳ ܐܡـܪ ݂ܬ݀ � ̇ ܠـܝ ݂ܒ ݂ ܚܡ ݂ ـܬ ̇ܗ ܙܶ ̱ ܚܡـܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ̱ ݁ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ. ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܽ ̈ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܳ ݁ ܽ ܳ ܬ ܽ ܠܡ ܰ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ܶ ܶܘܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀ ـܘܬܐ �ܩܛ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܚـܨ ݂ܘܕ ܐ :ܘܐܣܬܩܒܠـ ݂ܬ ܒ ݂ܦܠܓ ݂ ܰ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ܰ ܰ ݁ ܶ ܬܗ ݁ ܶܕ ܺ ܐܠܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܠܟ. ݂ܕܚܩܠܗ ܕ ݂ܒܥܙ ܒܪ ܫܪܒ ݂ ܳܶ ܘܕ ܐ ܳ ܡܟܘܢܳ :ܘ ܺ ܫ� ܳܡܐ ܥܰ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܠܚ ܽ ̈ܨ ݂ ܶ ܠܚܡܶ :ܘ ܰ ܝܬ ܶ ܐܡܪ ܳ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܶܠܗ ܘܗܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܐ ݂ܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܢܒ ݂ ܳ ܪ�ܐ ݂ ܰ ܳܡ ܳ ܪܟ ݂ܟ. ܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܳ ̇ ݁ܰ ܰ ܳ ܶܘ ܰ ܝܡܬܐ ܳܗ݂ ܶܕ ܐ. ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܠܛ�ܝܐ ݂ܕܩܐܡ ܥܠ ܦ�� :ܡܐ ܛܒܗ ܕܥܠ ݂ ܽ ܶ ܳ ݁ ܳ ܳ ݁ܶ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܐܬ ݂ܬ݀ ܥܰـܡ ܰܢ ܺ ܥܡـܝ ܶܡـܢ ܘܥܢܐ ܛ�ܝܐ ܘ ܐܡܪ ܠܗ :ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ݂ܬܐ ̱ܗܝ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ :ܗܝ ܕ ݂ ܳ ܰܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ. ܳ ܳ ܳ ܰ ݁ ܳ ̈ܶ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܰ ܳ ܰ ܳ ݁ܳ ܐܡܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܽ ܳܘ ܳ ܚܬܐ. ܠܩܘܛ ܠܩܛܐ ݂ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܦ�� .ܘܠܩܛ ݂ܬ ܡܢ ܨ ݂ܦܪ ܐ ܘ ݂ܥܕܡܐ ܠܢܝ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܐܡܪ ݁ ܳܒ ܳܥܙ ܰܠ ܽ ܶܘ ܰ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ݁ :ܒ ܰܪ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ � :ܫ ܺܡܝܥ ܶܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ݁ܒ ܰܡـ ݂ܬ�ܰ ݁ :ܕ ݂ܒ ܰܚܩـ� ݂ܕ� ݂ ܺܕܝܠـ ݂ܟ � ܰ ܳ ݂ܬܶ ܽ ܠܩܘܛܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ܳܗ ܳܢܐ ܰܩ ܳܘܝ ݂ ܽ ܘܒ ݂ܘܬ ̱ܝ ݁ܬ ܳ�ܢ ܥܰܡ ܛ� ̈ܝ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ. ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ݁ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܳܚ ܳܙ�ܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܳ ܝܟܐ ܳܚܨ ݁ ܺܕܝܢܰ :ܘ ܰ ܰܘ ܰ ܛ� ̈ܝـܐ ܗܘ ݁ܝܬ ̱ܝ ܐ ܳܙ ̱� ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬ ܽܪܗܘܢ :ܗܐ ݂ܦܩـܕ ݂ܬ ܠ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ܳ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܕܐ ܳܢܫ ܳ� ܰܢ ܶ ܛ� ̈ܝܐ. ܐܫܬܝ ܶܡܢ ܳܡܐ ܢ̈ܐ ݂ܕ ܳܡܠܝܢ ܠܝ ܘ ܗܪ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ .ܘܐܢ ܨ ܗ�ܐ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬ ̱ܝ :ܙܶ ̱ ݂ ̱ ܰ ܰ ܽ ܬ ܥܰܠ ܐ ݁ ܶܦ ̈ܝ ̇ܗ ܥܰܠ ܐ ܳ ܪܥܐ ܘ ܶܣܓ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܬ݀ ܶܠܗܶ :ܘ ܰ ܘܢܶ ݂ܦܠ ܰ ݂ ݀ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ܶ :ܡܛـܠ ݁ ܶܕ ݁ ـܬ ܐܫܟ ܶܚ ݂ ܳ ݂ ܚܡܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈� ܰܢ ݁ܝܟ ܶ ܰ� ܶ ܢܝ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ܐܟܣ ܳܢ ݁ ܝܬܐ ܐ̱ ܳܢܐ. ܠܡ ݁ܕܥܰ ̱
Ruth Ch.
She said to them: Do not call me ‘Naomi’, but call me ‘Bitter Person’ because El Shaddai 1 has embittered me greatly.
For I went full from this place and the Lord has returned me empty. Why 2 now do you call me Naomi since the Lord has humbled me 3 and that which comes by his hand(s) has done evil to me?
So Naomi returned and Ruth the Moabite woman, her daughter-inlaw, who desired to return with her whole heart, was with her. And they came from the land of Moab at the beginning of the harvest of barley.
The Syriac is a translation of a Hebrew name for God which denotes his might and power. 2 The Syriac has a conjunction ‘Then’ at the beginning of this sentence. 3 ‘since … me’: see Introduction. Addendum 1. Ruth. 1
ܪܥܘܬ ܟ ܟܐ
ܟܒ
ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶܳ ܳ ـܝ ܰܡ ܺܪܝـ ܰ ـܝ ܰܢ ܺ ܘܐܡــܪ ݂ܬ ـܪ ݂ܬ ܰܢ ݂ܦ ܳܫـܐܶ :ܡܛـܠ ܥܡـܝ :ܐ� ܩ� ܶ� ܳܢܢـ ̱ �ܗܝــܢ � ݂ܬ ܳܩ� ܳ� ܳܢܢـ ̱ ݁ ܺܕܐܝ� ܰܫ ݁ ܰܕܝ ܰܡ ܰ ܪܡܪ ̱ܢܝ ܛ ݂ܒ. ܶ ܺ ܺ ܰ ܳܺ ـܬܰ .ܘ ܳ ـܬ ܶܡ ݁ ܳܟ ـܐܳ : ܪ� ـܐ ܰܐ ݁ ܘܡ ܳ ܠܡ ܳܢ ـܐ ـܝ ܡ ܣܪ ܳܝܩܐܝـ ݂ ـܬ ݁ ܶܓܝــܪ ܐ ܙܶ ̱ܠـ ݂ �ܝܐܝـ ݂ ܗܦ ݂ ܰܟܢـ ̱ ܰ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܺ ܳ ܶܡ ݁ܟܝܠ ܩ�ܝܳܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝܢ ܠܝ ܰܢ ܺ ܢـܝܰ : ܥܡܝ ݂ܕ ܳܡ ܳ ܘܗܝ ܪ�ܐ ܰܡ ݁ܟ ݂ ܰܟ ̱ ܘܡـܢ ݁ܕ ܳܡܛـܐ ݂ ܺܒܐ ̈ܝـ ݂ ܰܕ ̱ ܰ ܐ ݂ ܶܒܐܫ ܺܠܝ. ܽ ܶܳ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܬ ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ ܥܡܝ ܰܘ ܽ ܬ ܰܢ ܺ ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀ ܠـܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗܶ ݁ :ܕܐܨ ܰܛ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ ݀ ܗܦـ ݂ܟ ܪܥـ ݂ܘܬ ܡـܘܐ ݂ܒܝܬܐ ݂ܟ ݂ܳ ܰ ܰ ܪܥܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡܘܐ ݂ܒ ݁ܒ ܺܪܝܫ ܚ ܳܨ ݂ ܳܕ ܐ ݂ ܰܕ ܳ �ܡܐܶ .ܘ ݂ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܶܡܢ ܐ ܳ ܥܰ ܳܡ ̇ܗ ݁ܒ ܶ� ݁ ܳܒܐ ܰܫ ܳ ܣ� ܶ� ܐ.
Ruth Ch.
May the Lord give you favor and may you find rest in the house of your fathers. And she kissed them and they raised their voices and wept.
They said to her: No — but we will go with you to your land and to your people.
And Naomi said to them: Return my daughters, why are you going with me? Do I still have sons that I can give you to them? Return my daughters, for I am too old to have a husband. If I said I still would have hope and would have a husband and bear sons,
Would you wait for them until they grow up? And will you be prevented from having a husband? No, my daughters, for it has become very bitter for me on account of you and it is more bitter for me than for you, for the hand of the Lord has gone out against me. And they lifted their voices again and wept. And Arpah kissed her mother-in-law and she went back again. But Ruth clung to her.
Her mother-in-law said to her: See, your sister-in-law has returned to her people and to the house of her relatives. 1 You also return after your sister-in-law.
But Ruth said to her: God forbid that I turn back from you and leave you! For to the place you go I will go and wherever you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your god will be my god. And where you die I also will die and will be buried. Thus may God do to me and more besides, 2 but death alone will separate me and you.
Then, when Naomi saw that she truly desired to go with her, she ceased from telling her to return.
They went together to Bethlehem of Judah. When they came to Bethlehem, all the city was joyous over them. And they said: Is this Naomi?
1 2
‘relatives’: lit. ‘people’. ‘and more besides’: lit. ‘thus may he add to me’.
ܪܥܘܬ
ܛ
ܝ ܝܐ ܝܒ ܝܓ
ܝܕ ܝܗ ܝܘ
ܝܙ ܝܚ ܝܛ
ܶ ܰ ݀ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܳ ܶ ̈݁ ܳ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܬ ܐܢܶܝـܢ: ܘܢܬ ݂ ܠܟܝܢ ܡܪ�ܐ ܠܚ ݂ ܣܕ ܐ݂ :ܘܬܫܟܚܢ ܢܝܚܐ ݂ܒ ݂ ܝܬ ܐ ݂ ܳܒ ܰܗ ̈ܝ ݁ ܶܟܝـܢ .ܘܢܫܩـ ݂ ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ̈ ̈ ܝܡ ̱ܝ ܳܩ ܶ �ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰܟܝ. ܳ ܶܳ ܰ ܳܘܐܡ ܳ�ܢ ܳ� ̇ܗ � :ܐ� ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܺܢ ܰܐܙܠ� :ܪܥ ܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܰܘ�ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܳ ܰ ܶ ܳܳ ܥܡܝܽ : ܶܘ ܰ �ܗܝܢ ܰܢ ܺ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܶ ܡـܝܰ ݁ .ܕ ܳ ܠܡـܐ ݂ ܗܦ ̈ܘ ݂ܶ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝܳ :ܡ ܳܢـܐ ܐ ܙ̈ ̱ܠـܢ ܐܢ ̱ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ̱ ܗܘܘܢ ܺܠܝ ݂ܒ ܰ� ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܶܘܐ ݁ܬ ݂ ܶ ݂ ܽܬ ݂ܘܒ ܢܶ ܽ ܠܟܝܢ ܽ �ܗܘܢ. ܐܒ ݂ܬ ܺܠܝ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܳ ܗ ݂ ܽܦ ̈ܘ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ݁ܒ ܳܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝܶ :ܡ ܽܛܠ ݁ ܶܕ ܳܐܢܐ ܶܣ ݂ ܶ ܠܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐܺ ݁ :ܕ ܰ ܐܡـܪ ܠܡـܗܘܐ ܰ ݂ ܽ ܳ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܰܘ ܶ ܶ ܶ ܺ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܶ ܐܘܠ ݂ܕ ݁ܒ ܰ� ̈ܝܐ. ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ݂ܘܒ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܝ ܣ ݂ܒܪ ܐ :ܘܐܗܘܐ ܰ ݂ ܳ ܰ ݁ܶ ܬܝܢ ݁ܬ ܰܣ ݁ ̈ܟ ܳܝܢ ܽ �ܗܘܢ ݂ ܰ ܳ ܺ ܽ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܳ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ� . ܘ ܐܢ ̱ ܥܕܡܐ ܳ ݂ܕܢ ݁ܪܒܘܢ݂ :ܘܬ ݂ܬܥ ݁ܟ�ܢ ܡܢ ݁ܕܠܡܗܘ ܺܐ ܰ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܳ ܰ ܺ ܺ ܺ ܶ ܳ ܶ ݀ ܰ ܶ ܶ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰ ݁ ݂ܒܢ̈ ݂ܬ ̱ܝ :ܡܛܠ ܕܡܪ ݂ܬ ܠـܝ ܛـ ݂ܒ ܥܠܝܟܝـܢ :ܘܠـܝ ܡܪܝـܪ ܐ ܝܬܝـܪ ܡ ݂ܢܟܝـܢ: ܶ ܽ ݁ܺ ܶ ݁ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ܬ ݁ ܳܒ ݂ܬܪ ̱ܝ. ܡܛܠ ܕ ݂ ܐܝܕܗ ܕܡܪ�ܐ ܢ ݂ܦܩ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ܰ ݁ܳ ܰ ܳ ܳ ܰܘ ܺܐܪ ̈ ܝܡ ̱ܝ ݁ ܽܬ ݂ܘܒ ܳܩ ܶ ܬ ̇ܗ ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀ ܬ ܶܘܐ ܰܙ ̱ܠ ݂ ݀ ـܬ: �ܗܝܢ ܰܘ ݂ ̈ܒ ݂ ܰܟܝ .ܘܢܫܩ ݂ܬ ܥܪܦܐ ܠܚܡ ݂ ܳ ܽ ܪܥ ݂ܘܬ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܶܢܩ ݂ܦ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ. ܶ ܰ ݀ ܳ ̇ ܳ ܳ̇ ܳ ܺܰ ܶ ܬ �ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ ܡܬ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟـ ݂ ݀ ܠܒܝـ ݂ܬ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܶܫ ̈ܝـ ̇ܗ: ܘܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ܳ�ܗ ܚܡـ ݂ܬܗ :ܗܐ ܝ ݂ܒ ݂ ܰ ݁ ݁ܳ ܰ ܺ ܰ ܶ ܽ ܡܬ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ݂ ܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ̱ܝ ܐ ݂ܦ ܐܢ̱ܬ ̱ܝ ܒ ݂ܬܪ ܝ ݂ܒ ݂ ܽ ܪܥܘܬܳ :ܚܣ ܺܠܝ ܶܕ ݁ ܽ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܽ ܶܘ ܰ ܐܗܦ ݂ܘܟ ܶܡـܢ ܳ �ـܘ ݂ܬܶ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ ܶܘ ݁ ܐܫܒ ܶܩ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝܶ :ܡܛـܠ ݂ ݂ ܺ ـܝܰ :ܘ ܳ ܐܝܟـܐ ݂ܕ ݂ܬܶ ܺ ݁ܕ ܰ� ݂ ܰܬܪ ݁ܕ ݂ܬ ܺܐܙ ̱ܠܝـܢ ܺܐ ܰܙܠܰ :ܘ ݁ ܳ ܥܡܪܝــܢ ܶܐ ܰ ܐܠ ܶܗ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܥܡـܪ .ܥܰ ܶܡ ݂ܟـ ̱ܝ ܥܰܡـ ̱ ܰ ܐ ܳܠܗ ̱ܝ. ܰ ܰ ݁ܰ ܽ ܺ ܥܒـ ݂ܕ ܺܠـܝ ܰܐ ܳܠـ ܳܗܐ ܳ ܩܒـܪܳ .ܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܢܶ ݁ ܶ ܘܬܝܢܶ :ܐ ܽܡ ݂ܘܬ ܳܐ ݂ܦ ܶܐ ܳܢـܐ ܶܘܐ ݂ܬ ݂ ܰ ܘܗ ݂ ܰܟ ܳܢـܐ ܘ ݂ܐܬܪ ܕ ݂ܬܡ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܽ ܶ ܰܢ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܰ ܘܣ ݂ܦ ܺܠܝ :ܐ� ܐܢ ܡ ݁ܘܬܐ ݂ܒ ܽ �ܚ ݂ܘܕ ܢ ݂ܦܪܘܫ ݁ܒܝܢܝ ܘܠ ݂ܟ ̱ܝ. ܺ ܚܙ ݂ܬ݀ ݁ ܶܕܝܢ ܰܢ ܺ ܬ ܺ ܝܬ ܶܐܨ ܰܛ ݂ܒ ܰܝـ ݂ ݀ �ܝـ ݂ ݀ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܕ ܳ ܠܡـ ܰܐܙܠ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗܶ :ܫ ܰ ܬ ܶܡـܢ ܥܡܝ ݂ܕ ܰܫ ܺܪ ܳܝܪܐ ݂ ܐܡܪ ܳ� ̇ܗ ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ ݁ ܰܕܠ ܺܡ ܰ ܗܦ ݂ܟ. ܶ ܰ ܗܘܐ ݂ܕ ݂ ܰܟـ ݂ܕ ܶܐ ݂ ܰܬ ̈ܝ ݂ ܶ ܠܚܡ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐܰ :ܘ ܳ ܥܕ ܳܡܐ ݂ ܶ ܐܬ ̈ܝ ܰܐ ݂ܟ ݂ ܳ ܚܕ ܐ ݂ ܰ ܝـܬ ܶ ܝܬ ܶ ܠܚـܡ: ܠܒ ݂ ܠܒ ݂ ܘ݂ ܶ ܰ ݀ ݁ ܶ ݁ܽ ܳ ̇ ܺ ݁ ܳ ܺ ܺ ܺ ܳ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ :ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܗ݂ܕ ܐ ̱ܗܝ ܢܥܡܝ. ܚ ݂ܕܝ ݂ܬ ܒܗܝܢ ܟ�ܗ ݂
Ruth
I
Chapter It was in the days of the judges, there was a famine in the land. And a man went from Bethlehem of Judah to live in the land of Moab — he and his wife and his sons — for the famine was severe in the land.
The name of the man was Elimelech. And the name of his wife was Naomi. And the names of his sons were Malion 1 and Chilion — Ephrathites from Bethlehem of Judah. They arrived in the land of Moab to live there. And Elimelech, the husband of Naomi died, and she and her two sons remained.
They took for themselves Moabite wives. The name of one was Arpah, 2 and the name of the other was Ruth. And they lived there about ten years. Then her two sons, Malion and Chilion died. And the woman was left without 3 her husband and her two sons.
So she returned — she and her two daughters-in-law with her — from the land of Moab, for she had heard in the land of Moab that the Lord had visited his people to give them food.
They went out from the land where they were sojourning 4 — she and her two daughters-in-law with her — to return and to go to the land of Judah. And Naomi said to her daughters-in-law: Go again to your place and to the house of your relatives, and may the Lord deal mercifully with you as you have dealt with me and with my two sons who died.
The Hebrew has machlon, anglicized, ‘Mahlon’. The Hebrew has ʿorpah, anglicized, ‘Orpah’. 3 ‘left without’: lit. ‘bereft of’. 4 ‘where they were sojourning’: lit. ‘of their dwelling’. 1 2
ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܪܥܘܬ ܶ ܰܶ ܳ ܩ ݂ܦ�ܘܢ :ܐ. ܨܚ ܐ
ܐ
ܒ
ܓ
ܕ
ܗ
ܘ
ܙ
ܚ
ܗܘܐ ݂ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢـܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܗܘܐ ݂ܒ ܰ� ̈ܘ ܰܡܝ ݁ ܰܕ ܳ�ܢ̈ܶܐܳ : ܰܘ ܳ ܝـܬ ܶ ܠܚـܡ ܐܪܥـܐܶ .ܘ ܰܐܙ ܶܠ ݁ ܰܓ ݂ܒـ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܡـܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܘܐ ݂ܒܽ :ܗܘ ܰܘܐܢ ̱ ݁ ـܬ ݂ܬܗ ܰܘ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝܶ :ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܶ ܥܫـܢ ݁ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ ܠܡܥܡܪ ܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡـ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ܦ ܳܢܐ ݂ ܰܒ ܳ ܐܪܥܐ. ܰ ܳ ܶ ـܬ ݂ܬܶܗ ܰܢ ܺ ܰܘ ܶ ܫܡـ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕܐܢ ̱ ݁ ܠܟܰ :ܘ ܳ ܫܡܗ ܰ ܠܓ ݂ܒ ܳܪ ܐ ܶܐ ܺܠܝ ܰܡ ݁ ܫܡـ ̈ܗܐ ݂ ܰܕ ݂ܒ ܰ�ـ ̈ܘ ̱ܗܝ: ܥܡـܝ .ܘ ݂ ܶ ܽ ܳܰ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ܺ ܽ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܐܬܘ ܰ� ܳ ܰܡ ܽ ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܽܡـܘܐ ݂ܒ �ܝܘܢ ݂ܘܟ �ܝܘܢ :ܐ ݂ܦ� ݂ܬ�ܶܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܶܒ ݂ ܝܬ ܠܚܡ ܕܝܗ ݂ܘܕ ܐ .ܘ ݂ ܶ ܰ ܰ ܥܡܪ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ. ܠܡ ܶ ܺ ܰ ݁ ݁ܰ ܳ ̇ ݁ ܰ ܺ ܶ ݁ܰ ܐܫܬ ܰ ܺ ܚܪ ݂ܬ݀ ܺܗܝ ܰܘ ݂ܬ ܶܪܝܢ ݁ܒ ܶ� ̈ܝ ̇ܗ. ܝܬ ܐܠܝܡܠܟ ܒܥ�ܗ ܕܢܥܡܝ :ܘ ܘܡ ݂ ܽ ܶ ̈ܶ ܽ ̈ ܶ ܳ ܳ ܚܕ ܐ ܥܰ ݂ ܳ ܫܡـ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ܺ ܐܚـܪ ݂ ܳܬܐ ܽ ܪܦܐܰ :ܘ ܳ ܬܐ ܳ : ܰܘ ܰ ܫܡ ̇ܗ ݁ ܰܕ ݂ ܳ ܪܥـ ݂ܘܬ. ܢܣ ݂ܒ ̱ܘ ܰ�ܗܘܢ ܢܫܐ ܡܘܐ ݂ܒܝ ݂ ܰܘ ܰ ܥܡܪ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܳܡܢ ܰܐ ݂ܝܟ ܰ ܫ� ܳ ̈ܝܐ ܰ ܥܣܪ. ܶ ܬ ܰܐܢ ݁ܬ ܳܬܐ ܶܡܢ ݁ ܰܒ ܳ �ܝܘܢ ݂ ܶ ܘܟ ܽ ܝܗܰ :ܡ ܽ ܝܬ ̱ܘ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ̇ ܥ�ـ ̇ܗ ܘ ܺܡ ݂ �ܝܘܢܶ :ܘ ݂ܐܬ ݁ ܰܓܙܝܰ ݂ ݀ ̱ ݂ ܶ ܶ ܘܡܢ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽܝܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ ̇ ܝܗ. ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܰ ܳ ܶ ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܘܐ ݂ܒܶ .ܡ ܽܛـܠ ݁ ܰܕ ܰ ܘ ܶܗ ݂ܦ ݁ ܰܟ ݂ ݀ ܫܡܥ̈ـ ̱ܝ ܬ ܺܗܝ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝܢ ܟ ̱ܠܠ ݂ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܡ ̇ܗ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡـ ݁ܰ ܳ ܽ ܳ ܶ ݁ܰ ܬܠ ܽ ܘܐ ݂ܒܰ ݁ :ܕܣܥܰܪ ܳܡ ܳ �ܗܘܢ ܳܡ ܽܙ ܳܘܢܐ. ܪ�ܐ �ܥܰ ܶܡܗ ܠܡ ܒܐܪܥܐ ݂ܕܡ ܰ ݁ܶ ݁ܰ ̈ ܳ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗ ܥܰ ܳܡـ ̇ܗ :ܠ ܶܡ ݁ ܰ ܰܘ ݂ ܰ ܢܦ ̈ܩـ ̱ܝ ܶܡـܢ ܰܐ ܳ ܥܡ ܶ ܪܥـܐ ݂ܕ ܰܡ ܰ ܗܦـ ݂ܟ ܪܗܝــܢ ܺܗܝ ݂ܘܬܪܬܝــܢ ܟ ̱ܠܠـ ݂ ܠܡ ܰܐܙܠ ܰ� ܳ ܰܘ ܺ ܪܥܐ ݂ ܺܕ ܽܝܗ ݂ ܳܘܕ ܐ. ܰ ̈ܳ ܳ ܬ ̇ܗܽ : ܶܘ ܰ ܐܡܪ ݂ܬ ݀ ܰܢ ܺ ܗܦـ ̈ܘ ݂ ܶܟܝܢ ܙ̈ܶ ܶܠܝـܢ ܰ� ݂ܬܪ ݂ ܶܟܝـܢ ܰܘ ݂ ܶ ܠܟ ̱ܠܠـ ܥܡـܝ ܝـܬ ܐ̱ ܳܢ ܰܫ ̈� ݁ ܶܟܝـܢ. ݂ ݂ ݂ ܠܒ ݂ ܳ ܳ ܶ ݁ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܶ ܰ ݁ܰ ܰ ܶ ܰ ܡـܝ :ܘܥܰـܡ ݁ܬ ܰ� ܽ ܝـܗܘܢ ݁ܒܢ̈ـܝ ܘܡܪ�ܐ ܢܥܒ ݂ܕ ܥܡ ݂ܟܝܢ �ܚܡـܐ :ܐ ݂ ܝـܟ ܕ ݂ ܥܒ ݁ܕ ݁ܬܝـܢ ܥܰ ̱ ܝܬ ̱ܘ. ݁ܕ ܺܡ ݂
ܣܦܪܐ ̈ ܕܢܫܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܪܥܘܬ ܘܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܝܗܘܕܝܬ
ܥܘܬܕܐ ܚܡܠ ܟܬܒܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܦܪܐ ܕ ̈ ܢܫܐ ܕܚܒܝܫ ܒܗ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪܥܘܬ ̈ ܟܬܒܐ ܚܕ ܣܦܪܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܘܕܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܕܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܘܡܬܚܫܒܝܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ .ܘܗܠܝܢ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ ܡܬܦܪܣܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܝ ̈ܕܝܐ .ܐܬܦܚܡܬ ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܗܕܐ ܥܠ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ܇ ܕܒܝܕ ܡܪܝ ܩܠܝܡܝܣ ܝܘܣܦ ܕܘܝܕ ܐܬܦܪܣܬ ܡܕܢܚܐܝܬ ܫܢܬ ܐܦܦܙ ـ ܐܦܨܐ܇ ܒܬܪ ܡܐ ܕܫܚܠܦܢܢ ܠܣܪܛܗ ̈ ܢܘܩܙܝ ܪܘܟܟܐ ܘܩܘܫܝܐ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ܆ ܡܢ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܠܡܥܪܒܝܐ܆ ܘܐܘܣܦܢܢ ܘܢܝܫܐ ܕܡܒܛܠܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ. ̈ ܦܚܡܢܢ ܕܝܢ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ .ܘܐܫܟܚܢܢ ̈ ܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܒܨܝ̈ܪܐ ܒܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ܇ ܗܪܟܐ ܘܬܡܢ܇ ܒܝܬ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܬ ̈ ܘܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ .ܘܙܕܩ ܠܡܕܥ ܕܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ ܕܒܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܘܨܠܝܬܐ ܫܟܝܚܝܢ ܘܠܘ ܒܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ̈ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܒܕܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܢܘܢ܆ ܘܕܥܠ ܫܟܝܚܘܬ ܐܘ ܚܣܝܪܘܬ ܣܝ̈ܡܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܫܪܟܐ .ܣܕܪܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܩ̈ܪܝܢܐ ܫܟܝܚ ܒܓܒܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܐ. ܘܬܪܨܢ ܠܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢ ܪܕܝܐ .ܐܝܬܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ :ܟܬܒܢܢ ܺܪܝܫ ܚܠܦ ܺܪܫ ܘܫܪܟܐ. ܣܟܐ ܕܝܢ ܩܘܒܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܡܩܪܒܝܢܢ ܠܡܠܦܢܐ ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܝܘܟܝܠ ܕܥܕܪ ܬܘܕܝܢ ܕܐܠ ̈ ܒܦܘܚܡܐ ܥܠ ܣ̈ܪܝܛܐ ܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ .ܘܠܡܪܝܐ ܠܐܗܐ ̈ ̈ ܡܘܦܝܢ܀ ܐܝܢ ܘܐܡܝܢ܀ ܥܐܕܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܝܠܕܗ ܕܡܪܢ܆ ܙܙ ܟܢܘܢ ܐܚܪܝ ܒܟ ܡ ܠܦܘܬ ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܕܕܘܟܝ̈ܬܐ ̈ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ
ܗ
̈ ܙܕܩܐ ܢܛܝܪܝܢ܀
ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ
ܣܦܪܐ ̈ ܕܢܫܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܪܥܘܬ ܘܫܘܫܢ ܘܐܣܬܝܪ ܘܝܗܘܕܝܬ ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܣܘܪܝܐܝܬ
ܓܘܪ ܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ ܕܝܪܝܐ ܝܘܣܦ ܒܐܠܝ
ܒܟ ܡ ܓܘܪܓܝܐܣ ܦܪܣ
ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ
ܕܘܢܐܠܕ ܡ .ܘܐܠܬܪ ܔܝܠܝܐܢ ܓܪܝܢܒܝܪܓ ܐܝܪܝܟ ܛܐܠܝ
ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ
̈ ܡܦܚܡܢܝ ܫܫܠܬܐ
ܓܘܪܓܝ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܘܢ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܝܪܐܙ
ܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܒܪ ܘܐܠܬܪ ܕܒܝܬ ܝܘܟܝܠ
ܨܘܪܬ ܟܬܒ ܐܝܟ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܥܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܫܝܬܐ
ܣܦܪܐ ܕ ̈ ܢܫܐ